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ED 1843-





Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





VOL. CXLV. N0. 9

Whole Number 3851





DETROIT, MICH.,





SATURDAY, AUGUST 28, 1915.





50 CENTS A YEAR.

82 FOR 5 YEARS.





The Renovation of Old Orchards





By T. A. FARRAND





HE first question that arises‘when



the matter of orchard renova‘



tion is considered is what or-

chards would be profitable to save or

to what stage of neglect or decay must

an orchard be to be beyond profitable

investment. In answer I would say

that I do not think it would pay the

average farmer with an old orchard of

many worthless or poor varieties, with

trees planted too close together and

badly infested with scale, with tops

nearly dead, especially if situated a

long distance from town, to attempt

any renovation.



There are thousands of such or-

chards which would be far better cut

down and in their place a few trees

of varieties that are early bearers

planted. These should follow in a suc-

cession covering the season, and be

selected for the family use. With good

care ten trees would be enough to fur-

nish the family with plenty of apples

every year.



To those who have orchards of fair—

ly good size of few varieties and in

fairly good condition as regards decay

and freedom from scale, I would say

that there is nothing on the farm that

can be made as profitable if followed

up from year to year. The methods

to be applied necessary to get profit-

able results are pruning, spraying and

fertilizing or cultivating, possibly both

as our whole aim is to put the trees in

a condition so that they may be heal-

thy and bear profitable crops of fruit.





In pruning there is no set rule to go

by and it is an expensive operation in

the neglected orchard. if the work is

left until the busy season comes on

when high-priced labor has to be used.

This part of the work could be done

on hundreds of farms on the pleasant

days we have during the winter

months and be out of the way before

any of the other farm work is nec-

essary.



The object in pruning is to help

stimulate the growth and vitality of

the tree, to let in sunlight allow a cir-

culation of air through the tree and

make easier a thorough job of spray—

ing. A good sharp pruning saw is the

most practical instrument to do the

work well. Remove all dead limbs.

stubs, etc, cutting close to main limb.

Large branches should be cut out if

necessary to improve the general ap-

pearance of the tree.



If there are openings that need fill-

ing up leave a water sprout. Thin out

small stuff in ends of large branches

and if trees are splitting in crotches

put one-half inch by six-inch lag

screws in three feet up from the

crotch and wire across with heavy gal-

vanized wire.



Head in on main leads in the center

of tree so that a 20 or 22-foot ladder

will reach the fruit and in doing so

make the out where there is a brace

of branches which will support the

stub. Paint the wounds over if you

feel like it, I don’t. Altogether too

much stress has been laidupon this

unimportant point in the past.





In the matter of orchard fertiliza-

tion there has been altogether too

much fear that a spoonful of manure

might be detrimental to an apple or-

chard. I have never used commercial

fertilizers so can give no light in that

direction, but have used the stable

manure and am a firm believer in its

beneficial effects. Commercial fertil-

izers would supply the plant food but





purpose. Whichever is the cheapest

and will give the best returns under

your circumstances is the one to fol-

low. I prefer mulching with manure

to cultivating. 0n heavy soils I be-

lieve cultivating is detrimental to

Northern Spys and possibly to large

growing varieties. I am satisfied that

cultivation will produce larger fruit

and more barrels than sod and ma-





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Same Orchard After it was Pruned by Mr. Farrand.





would lack the decaying vegetable

matter and its mechanical effects up-

on the soil.



There is a great diversity of opinion

regarding the matter of. cultivation,

and probably there always will be.

There are probably conditions where

it is the wise course to break up the

old sod.



We cultivate to grind the soil up in-

to small particles and hold the mois-

ture to ‘make the plant food soluble

and on the side keep down other grow-

ing plants that would absorb the mois-

ture. (We ‘mulcg for exactly the same





nure, but you will sacrifice color for

size.



You must look to spraying as the

one strongest link in the chain, oth-

erwise all the other work is thrown

away.



With scale infesting a large per

cent of the orchards in Michigan it is

a matter of spraying thoroughly or

lose the orchard. There is no middle

course to follow.



Inasmuch as the results obtained

from spraying are through preventa-

tive measures rather than curative,

the two great important points to be





-





observed are thoroughness in applica-

tion and the proper time for spraying.

Of course, the proper mixture and

strength follow along in this connec-

tion. But I lay particular stress on

the first named points as therein lies

the cause of so many failures to get

the desired results. Convenient water

facilities are important and reduce

the cost of production.



The day of the fine misty spray is

fast passing away and in its place is

the variable nozzle which will throw

a heavy spray aginst the Wind. Short

rods with a heavy stream will take

the place of the inconvenient tower

and long cumbersome spray rod. By

this arrangement one man will be able

to do the work two do now.





In the orchard that is badly infest—

ed with scale, I advise spraying the

trees from both sides and go both

ways in the orchard, using lime sul-

phur one gallon to seven of water. If

done thoroughly this Will certainly

control the scale.



Farmers who have orchards that are

conveniently situated and have been

used for pasture purposes often ask

if they can continue to do so, at the

same time applying the above meth-

ods and get profitable results. They

certainly can if they do their work

thoroughly. But the pasture should

not. be allowed to get so short before

taking the stock out of the orchard

that. they will eat the trees and do

not allow them in later than August

1 if the trees are heavily laden with

fruit. I have produced as fine apples

under the above conditions as were

ever grown in Michigan.





SOIL DRAINAGE.



This season has emphasized the

need of soil drainage on all but the

most open soils where nature has al-'

ready provided perfect drainage. One

of the conditions of plant growth is

that the soil be not surfeited with

moisture, as, if the interstices be-

tween the soil grains be filled with

water. air will be excluded and the

submerged plant roots will as surely '

drown, as would an animal if deprived

of air. Some means must be employ-

ed that. will aid the percolation of wa-

ter through clay soil or that will carry

it away from submerged low lands. In

either case the most practical means

is the tile drain.



Open ditches are extravagant in

that they occupy usually the best part

of the land and require, because of

their tendency to cave, a vast amount

of labor to keep them clean. They

furnish breeding ground for weeds,

and prevent the symmetrical shaping

of fields. The crude practice of using

brush, stone, timber or board drains

haspretty well disappeared with the

introduction of tile. Where tile of

good quality are used, and a fall of

adequate grade secured, such a drain

should give good results indefinitely.



Where ditching is done by means of



(Continued on page 159).
158—2





The Michigan Farmer





Established 1843. Copyrizht 1915.





The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.





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hDETRpirfigcusT“287, 1915





 





.4





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





At the inception of



The Good Roads the good roads move-

Movement. ment a. few years

years ago, progress



was slow, not only in the actual ac-

complishment of the work of road im—

provement but as well in the develop-

ment of a strong public sentiment in

favor of building expensive types of

permanent highways by general taxa-

tion. In the intervening years this sit-

uation has been greatly changed and

people generally are now strongly in

favor of the policy of permanently im-

proving trunk line highways and plac-

ing the less traveled roads in the best

possible condition by intelligent meth-

ods of improvement and maintenance.

And this changed sentiment is rapidly

being reflected in the improved condi-

tion of the roads throughout the state.

It. is but a natural consequence that

public spirited people of means should

share a beneficent public sentiment

of this kind, a fact which seems des-

tined to prove a considerable factor in

the future of the good roads n10ve-

ment. This kind of public interest

was first shown in the development

of the Lincoln Highway organization,

in which Michigan men took such an

important part. Another instance of

the same kind of public spirit was

shown in the organization and work

‘of the \Vest Michigan Pike Associa-

tion, whose activities are certain to

bring about the completition of a good

road from the straits to the southern

boundary of the state along the shore

of Lake Michigan. Recently there

has also been started a movement for

a similar road down the east side of

the state through Detroit to Toledo,

the same to be a part of the “Dixie

Highway,” so called, the building of

which from this point through St.

Louis to New Orleans is now being

approached by real promotion work

under a plan for the use of otherwise

unemployed labor in its construction.

The latest development of this nature

has for its object the building of a

road of the most permanent type

across the state from Detroit to Grand

Haven, and steps looking toward the

formation of an organization to take

charge of the promotion and develop-

ment work are already being taken.





In most if not all of these enter-

prises public spirited Michigan men

of large means have become inter-

ested to the extent of offering sub-

stantial donations for each mile of

road within definite limits, generally

in the open country and outside the

limits of any incorporated city or vil-

lage. Liberal donations of this char-

acter will materially aid in the devel~

opment of other plans, and hasten the

day when good roads will be the rule





THE MICHIGA





instead of the conspicuous exception

in this state. It would not appear that

our public spirited men of Wealth

could make a public contribution

which would reflect more to their cred~

it or contribute more to their satisfac—

tion than one in the interest of good

roads.



While many leaders in this line of

public improvement work have deplor-

ed the slow growth of public senti-

ment for permanently improved roads,

it is generally conceded by the well

informed that this sentiment has

grown quite as rapidly as has expert

knowledge and practical experience in

the building of good roads. Thus it is

assured that Michigan people will get

more for their money in the way of

improved roads than would have been

the case had the- movement had a

more rapid development, since less

money will be wasted in experiment

and in inefficient work, although that

waste has not been small in some in-

stances.



But on the whole, results have been

sufliciently good to give added strength

to the good roads movement from year

to year and there now seems to be lit-

tle reason to doubt that with the im-

provement in results which will come

with increasedlexperience the good

roads movement will continue to ex-

pand until no apology will be required

for our Michigan roads.





Last month the Uni-

ted States Depart-

ment of Agriculture

addressed a plea to

the farmers and live stock men of the

country to co-operate with- the federal

and state authorities to put the finish-

ing touches on the work for the eradi-

cation of foot-and-mouth disease in

this country. The department officials

regarded it as highly important that

the hopefulness of the situation as re

gards the complete eradication of the

disease should not lead to careless-

ness or unwarranted disregard of the

seriousness. of this most contagious of

all live stock diseases.





The wisdom of this plea is evidenc-

ed by the continuation of sporadic out-

breaks of the disease in widely sep-

arated but isolated sections of the

country, which will be easily controll-

ed if they are caught in time to pre-

vent the spread of the infection over

wider areas. So far “this result has

been attained, and it is most import-

ant that the public continue to regard

with patience the continuation of

quarantine regulations which are

deemed necessary to this end and co-

operate with federal and state officials

in reporting any suspected new cases.

In practically every recent case of

sporadic outbreaks the infection has

first appeared among hogs in a rather

mild form and has not been recogniz-

ed until neighboring herds of cattle

became infected. In some of these

cases at least the infection was traced

to contaminated hog cholera serum

which had been kept in cold storage

for a considerable length of time and

which was made before the present.

stringent regulations regarding its

manufacture and distribution were put

in force. In others it was thought to

have been conveyed by some article

which had come in indirect contact

with the virus of the disease and was

not suspected as a source of contami-

nation.





It is because of the extremely con-

tagious nature of the disease that con—

tinued precautions are necessary until

these sporadic outbreaks of the dis-

ease have entirely ceased. That most

of these have occurred in sections

where the disease had not previously

appeared speaks well for the thor-

oughness with which the work of

eradication has been carried on. That

the disease has been completely erad-

icated from Michigan seems almost

an assured fact. Continued patience

with the limited quarantines still

deemed necessary ‘in the large mar-

kets of the previously infected dis-





Cleaning. up the

Plague.





 





 





N FARMER





tricts and continued co-operation with

the authorities in charge Will make

this a certainty in the not distant

future.



While the appearance of the dis-

ease last year has been a serious

handicap to the live stock men of the

country, the loss has been infinitesi-

,mal as compared to the loss which

would be suffered each year if the dis-

ease were not eradicated. In Germany

in 1911 it was estimated that one ani-

mal out of seven which was suscepti-

ble to the disease was suffering from

it. Let us support and aid the author-

ities in the final clean-up of this

plague in every way, to the end that

such a constant drain on one of our

most important. industries may be

avoided.





On Monday, Sep—

All Aboard for the tember 6, the State





State Fair. Fair will open with

all the exhibits in

place. While the Fair will continue





until Thursday of the following week,

thus giving opportunity for all to at-

tend who are not able to get to De-

troit during the first week of the show,

yet the management has planned to

make the programs of entertainment

during the first week especially attrac-

tive to the farmers of the state and as

the exhibits will then be at their best

it will be the part of wisdom for all

who can possibly arrange to do so to

attend the Fair during the opening

week. Among the special days will be

State Grange Day on Wednesday, Sep-

tember 8, for which a special program

is being arranged.



A feature of this year’s State Fair

which will be of especial interest to a

large class of farmers will be the

farm tractor exhibit, which will be

a stronger feature than ever before. A

feature of this exhibit will be a work-

. ing demonstration of the latest models

of gas tractors on exhibit. In View of

the important part which mechanical

power for the operation of farm im-

plements is bound to play in the fu-

ture of our agriculture it is important

that the farmers of Michigan keep

posted on the development of this

class of farm equipment. Indeed, no

farmer can be too well informed re-

garding the modern development of

farm equipment of all kinds, and there

is certainly no better place to study

such equipment than at the State Fair,

where implements of all kinds can be

studied and compared.





A study of the live stock and farm

crops exhibits is no less important if

our agriculture is to be kept on a

plane of maximum prosperity. In fact

there are so many educational advan—

tages offered at an exposition of this

kind that it is impossible to enumerate

them. Certain it is that the farmer

who attends the State Fair with an

eye open to matters of interest to him

in his business will receive a direct

benefit out of all proportion to the

time and money expended in attend-

ing the Fair. The seasonal crop losses

due to the wet harvest should be an

added incentive to attend the Fair,

rather than an excuse to remain away,

since the helpful ideas gained at the

Fair will aid in making up these loss-

es in future years.



And besides there is. the indirect

benefit to every member of the family

from the outing and entertainment

which will be enjoyed at the Fair—a

benefit which it is difficult to overes-

timate. The entertainment features

which the management has provided

are more attractive than those seen at

any previous fair, and many of them

will prove most instructive as well as

entertaining, Altogether it will prove

most profitable for any farmer to take

a couple of days off and attend the

State Fair with his family during the

week of September 6.



While at the Fair call at the Michi-

gan Farmer building, which is located

next to the front entrance of the first

building devoted to the cattle exhibit,

where you will be most welcome.





 





AUG.’ 28.’ 1915.- -





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





Foreign. ,



The European War.—-—Italy has de-

clared war against Turkey, which act

will likely move the Balkan states of

Roumania and Bulgaria and possibly

Greece, to throw their aid to Italy and

her allies. Notwithstanding the fav-

orable position which co-operation

with Italy offers these states, Ger-

many is making a strong bid for their

help through her victories in Russia.

Should Servia cede to Roumania the

province of Macedonia there is little

doubt that this country, with the oth-

ers, will go over to Italy and her allies

to again take up battle against their

old enemy, the Turks, that they might

be in position to bid for additional ter.

ritory after the war has closed, pro-

viding they are not dominated by the

Austrians and Germans. The Russians

are still unable to bring the great Aus~

tro-German advance to an end, and

while territory is not being taken as

rapidly as a fortnight ago there has

been a steady pressing forward along

the entire line, except in the district

about Riga where the Russians are

making a desperate stand. At this

point some relief was felt by the Slave

late last week when the German fleet

was driven from the Gulf of Riga after

losing the superdreadnaught, Moltke,

three cruisers, seven torpedo boats

and four barges crammed with sol-

diers. The Russians lost two gunboate

and a torpedo boat. Petrograd also

announces that on the Black Sea the

Russian destroyers have sunk more

than 100 Turkish boats. Italy is con‘

tinuing an aggressive campaign in Ty-

rol, Styria and Carniola and is report-

ed as gaining minor advantages. The

French and English Allied forces suc-

ceeded through a ruse in landing a

large body of troops on the Gallipoli

Peninsula where it commands the

lines of communication between the

Turks who are defending that body of

land and Constantinople. It is esti-

mated that the Turks have 100,000

soldiers operating at this point, all of

which are threatened by the success

of the Allies. In the western theater

there are no changes of importance.

The German submarines have been ac-

tive recently and in two days sung 14

ships, among them being the steam-

ship Arabic which was enroute to Am-

erica and had Americans aboard, two

of whom were drowned.



Mexican affairs remain in confusion.

General Carranza is about to estab-

lish his government in Mexico City

and for this reason it is expected that

he will continue to frown upon the

proposals of the Pan-American peace

appeal. General Villa has retaken

Durango without fighting. Jose M.

Cordoso, Brazilian minister to Mexico.

has arrived in Washington to confer

regarding conditions in that country.





National.



United States exports for June ex-

ceeded those of June, 1914, by 70 per

cent. The increase in manufactured

articles exported increased from $90,-

000,000 to $150,000,000 and foodstuffs

from $31,000,000 to $72,000,000.



A terrible wind stOrm swept over

the country from Galveston, Texas, to

the north last week and resulted in

many persons losing their lives and

much property damage. At Galveston

nearly 100 persons are believed lost

and extensive public works were to—

tally or partially destroyed, while in

St. Louis, Mo., 15‘ square miles of ter-

ritory was covered from one to 20

feet deep with water from a drench-

ing rain that aggregated 6.7 inches in

12 hours, a new high record for that

district. All kinds of traffic and com»

munication was put out of commis—

sion. At Alton, 111., the levees broke

and the rushing waters wrought much

damage to houses and other buildings

there and at Benbow 'City. The storm

was felt as far north as Detroit, but

practically no damage was done there

except the injury to crops through the

additional fall of water onto the al-

ready water—soaked soil.



It is estimated that fully a thou-

sand residents of Michigan took ad-

vantage of the offer of physicians to

examine persons for tuberculosis free

of charge on Friday, August 20, the

day having been designated as Tuber~

culosis Day by Governor Ferris.



The designation of the Sunday pre«

ceding Labor Day as Thrift Day was

asked of President Wilson and the

governors of the states by the first in-

ternational congress for thrift, in ses-

sion at San Francisco.



An entire. passenger train was

thrown from the tracks at. Smiths

Creek, Mich., last Saturday mght, and

but for the steel coaches many would

have been seriously injured. As it

was, but one death, that of thefire-

man, resulted. The soggy condition

of the roadbed due to heavy rains, is

given as the cause of the catastrophe.



The assembling of 1,300 Italian re-

servists, who were to sail from Bos-

ton, was marked by a demonstration

against the two interned German

ships, which resulted in the German

sailors being stoned and several police

being injured.
AUG. 28, 1915.





ERHAPS the truest index of good

farming, is found in the condi-

tion of a farm as regards nox—

ious weeds. As a general thing, the

manner in which a place is kept up,

the condition of the dwelling and out-

buildings and fences, marks with cer-

tainty the tidy or slovenly farmer.

But these signs sometimes fail, for

there are some excellent tillers of the

, soil who let the buildings and fences

Vi go at loose ends. But when'the milk

‘ week, the mullein, the burdock and

the thistle lord it over the corn field

i and the meadow, the sign is unmis-

takable. It is a fight in earnest, to

keep down these pests, but the best

farmers are those who have declared

everlasting enmity against them.

. In close relationship to this ques—



‘2 tion of weedy fields, comes another

question, not less important—that of

good seed. Indeed, the farmer who is

careless in regard to the kind of seed

he plants, is apt to be slovenly and

careless in regard to the kind of crop

his fields produce. Something is be-

ing said, these days, about the im-

portance of good seed, and the subject

cannot be dwelt on or emphasized too

strongly. Many a farmer harvests but

half a corn crop simply because he

was not particular enough in selecting

and caring for the seed. Many a farm-

er reaps smutty oats or digs scabby

potatoes because he has taken no step

to prevent these maladies by well

known means. Many a meadow pro—

duces a crop of foul weeds because

the man who purchased the clover

seed cared more for the dollar less

per bushel than for pure. seed.



In considering the subject of good



seed, the writer has in mind a case in

point: A farmer whose acres are

broad and whose methods are suppos-

ed to be modern, purchased a larg,

quantity of clover seed, full of buck-

horn. The farmer was not deceived.

He knew the noxious seeds were there

s’ but he also knew the clover seed

which contained the undesirable stuff

could be purchased for a couple of

dollars less than the price charged for

pure seed. In a day when the fight

against: noxious weeds is becoming

strenuous, it seems almost unbeliev-

able that any farmer would pursue the

above named course. And yet, this is

“ only one case among many. I’ure seed

laws are. a help, but they cannot do‘

everything. When men will buy con-

taminated seed with their eyes open,

simply because it is cheaper, laws are

P of no avail. When poor or impure

seed is planted. it is not the man who

plants them alone, who suffers. The

man who is careless about the kind of

seed he plants. often produces an un-

desirable crop which sows itself un-

bidden, over the fields of his neigh-

bors.



In addition to the matter of noxious

weeds, carelessness in regard to seed

means always, an actual loss to the

grower. The weeds in a meadow di-



‘ minish just that much, the amount of





 





 





 





good hay. The seeds which do not

come, in a corn field, diminish just

that much, the prospects for a good





crop. In the case of corn, it not. infre-

quently happens that the entire crop

is a failure because of poor seed. The

corn does not come the first: time it is

planted, and the grower either plants

more of the same or procures some

from a neighbor who has been as care-

less as himself, and the second plant-

ing is also a failure. By thistime, the

season is too far advanced to insure a

crop, no matter how good the seed

may be. Lack of proper care in dry-

ing the corn saved for seed is gener-

ally the cause of such failures. It is

an index of good management and

‘ good farming, when a man selects his

. corn for seed with care and looks with

just as much care to its curing. And

just as surely is it a mark of slovenly

and inefficient farming when a man is

careless in regard to this matter. Find





 





 





Importance of Good Seed





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





the farmer slovenly about corn for

seed, and it is safe to predict for him

weedy corn fields and a poor crop.



In concluding this article let it be

said that in this section a hopeful and

healthful sign may be seen. In a

movement previously mentioned in

these columns may be found a partial

remedy at least, for delinquency in re-

gard to the planting of good seed. A

local experiment association has been

established and pedigreed seeds have

been sown this year for the first time.

This association has a good-sized

membership and in its work will be

an educator. But with this as with

everything else, the benefits creep

slowly to the men who need them the

most. As a rule, the farmers who be-

long to this association are wide-

awake and realize the advantage and

necessity of the best of seed. It is

some of the men who stand outside

the association and" who fail to grasp

its significance, who would profit most

from its benefits. The fight for good

seed, like all other movements, affects

least those who need to be stirred the

most. However, it is made more plain-

ly manifest each year, that good seed

and profitable farming are insepara-

ble. The farmer who knowingly brings

foul seed into his neighborhood is a

poor friend, not only to himself, but to

his neighbors.





Hillsdale Co. J. A. KAISER.





SOIL DRAINAGE.

(Continued from first page).

hand labor the services of an engineer

unless the work is very extensive or





complicated, can be dispensed with.

Beginning at the outlet at a time





when there is water sufficient to run

the grade can be carried by the ditch-

es fully as well or better, than where

dependence is given to measurements,

as the flow of water will guide the fall,

care always being taken that no de-

pressions are left, as where these oc-

cur. silt will fill them to the level. The

depth of ditch, where the fall will per-

mit, should not be less than three feet.

Four feed will draw water farther but

in tenacious clay soil its operation will

at first be slower.



After a ditch has been in operation

for a year or two the action of water

flowing to it. will establish little chan—

nels after which the water will be

more speedily carried away and the

general porosity of the soil will be

greatly increased.



The distance that tile drains should

be apart, will depend upon the charac-

ter of the soil and depth of the drain.

Where laterals are used, these should

not enter the main at right angles,

but at an angle of 45 degrees toward

the outlet. It. is important that good

judgment be exercised in obtaining

tile of adequate size. When the mains

are of five or six—inch tile, laterals of

three-inch tile will usually prove sat-

isfactory.



It is well to see that the outlet be

well protected with wire screen or

some other means, as muskrats, rab-

bits or other animals Amay enter the

tile and die, causing an obstruction of

the drain.





New York. B. F. MAcK.





 





A rat is helpless without a hiding

place and a safe retreat in which to

rear its young. 'The more places there

are around the farm buildings to serve

as harbors, the more rats there will

be to contend against. Loose piles of

boards or rubbish always harbor large

colonies of rats. If the rubbish be

burned and the sound material is laid

on supports about a foot from the

ground, so as to admit the light be-

neath the piles, the rats will not tarry

long. The same rule applies to small

buildings which do not have concrete

floors. Place such buildings on pillars

and the rats are disconcerted.





 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





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Almost as easy to install as a stove. It’s

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Saves you 35 percent of your fuel. The double

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The Caloric Pipelcss Furnace is the





 

 





 

 





WARM A’iR





 





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The Monitor Stove & Range Co.





202 Gest St. Cincinnati, Ohio

(Copyright 1.915 7‘11 The 1i! (miter Stove & Range 00.)





up to
fireston‘c





 





WINS!





Firestone built-up-in-center

tread—Firestone quality in

materials—Firestone con-

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—-these and a score of other

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service and economy test.





Automobile and motorcycle

tires, tubes and accessories.





Free Offer 8...... us



. dealer's name

and address and the make of tires you

use, and we will send you free a fine

waterproof Tube Bag. It will keep your

inner tubes in prime condition.





Write today and ask, also. for





rwhile the plants are growing.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





Saving Farm Seeds.





GREAT many farmers select



their seed grains at the time



they want them to plant but

this practice will never succeed 'in

raising the standard of farm produce

in America. One can readily see that

this method of selection will'usually

result in the planting of the culls.



I know a farmer who makes a spe-

cialty of raising early potatoes. He

saves his own seed and plants it for

five or six years and after that time,

he says his potatoes are “run out,"

that is, they have become so late that

they are worthless as seed for the

early crop and a new variety must be

secured. The phenomenon of his seed

running out in five or six years is due

to the fact that when potatoes first

come on the market, he goes through

the field and digs the early maturing

hills. A little later, this procedure is

repeated and so on until the market

for early potatoes is gone. From the

potatoes yet remaining in the field

(which are really the latest of all) he

selects his seed. Thus we see that

each year he keeps selecting the lat-

est of the potatoes until ill four or

five years the variety has become the

equivalent of any‘ late variety, and

new seed is the mandate.



Best to Select Seeds Whiie Plants are

Growing.



The time to select farm seeds is

This

gives the farmer a chance to judge of

the merits of each plant. Had this





 





Free Book on “Care and

Repair of Tires,” No.25 .





Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.

“America’s Largest Exclusive ,

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Akron, 0.—Brancbesand Dealers Everywhere





l





 





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WarPricesior Beans





The “ORIGINAL”

MILLER BEAN [IAIN/ESTER





 





’ / . '<3\\\‘ gull/n.

i





all;





no PLowco. LE ' .

, WEJg/k .





 





 





«5.142





still leads all others as the most reliable



and satisfactory tool for harvesting beans.



Don’t be deceived—demand the machine



with the name “Miller” plainly stenciled.



\Vood or Steel frames. Manufactured by



Le Roy Plow Company, Le Roy, N. Y.

Ask your Dealer or write us.





 





7719 PERFECT





 





CORN HA nvrsrrlzf





‘ $0.1 Direct 3 . “filifl‘mfim





Mn... ._





   

 





, Works in any ~

kind of soil. Cuts

stalks—doesn’t pull like

other cutters. Well! no danger

Guts Four to Seven Acres a Day

with one man and one horse. Here is what one

farmer lays: Amsterdam, N. Y., Nov. 16,1915

The Love Mfg1 00.: Gentlemen: I have filled a 100

ton silo, cut l the corn with it in a most satisfactory

manner. You can refer any prospective customer to

me for a favorable remmomendation. Thos. Morphy





SOLD DIRECT TO THE FARMER

Send for bQJklet and circulars telling all about this





 

 

 

 

 

 





yearly potato grower saved for





seed

those hills which matured the earliest,

in four or five years he would have

had a variety maturing somewhat ear-

lier than his initial seed instead of

having to purchase new- seed. Again,

in saving seed from the grains, it is

just as important that we save the

seed while the grains are still grow-

ing as it is that we follow this pro-

cedure with other crops. At this time

when there is such a bumper crop of

wheat is the time to save the seed in-

stead of running to the neighbor’s next

spring where we will not get the best

of seed. The individual plant is the

basis of selection in the grains as in

all other plants.



.The question which confronts us is:

How can we tell those plants which

will give us the most desirable seed?

With the grains, it is not so much a

matter of obtaining plump seed as it

is to get seed which will develop into

plants capable of obtaining the great-

est possible amount of plant food from

the soil. Should we go into a wheat

field and pick out the plants which

are growing the rankest, the chances

are that we would not obtain the best

seed because these plants have had a

greater amount of fertilizer and hence

plant food with which to make this

rank growth. That “the child of ad-

versity develops its latent powers” is

just as true with plants as in the ani-

mal kingdom. The wheat plant which

is grown on the poorest portion of the

field undoubtedly has developed a

hardihood which is not possessed by

the wheat plants growing on the rich-

er portions of the field. Unquestion-

ably, it has developed a greater root

system and a stronger leaf surface

and so its seed will give us the high-

est yield when put in favorable condi-

tions. That portion of the field which

looks the most promising for seed

should be so marked that it may be

kept separate from the others when





 





labor-savinz machine: also containing testimonials

of many users. Send for this circular mattertoday.

LOVE MANUFACTURING COMPANY





   

     





Dept. 5 Llneoln, llllnolo





 





 

 





   





 





 





 

 

 

 





 





Pays for its elf





Grind your own tools, axes

and plow polnts~Do your owu

sharpening and sewing. Make

money by doing this for others.

The Frederick Grinder is .

the handlest machine for



use on the farm. Connected to engine by belt. Bone k rigid.

All bearings anti-friction metal. Shafts run in oil. Nothing to

break, cmk or get out of order. Fully gunnnteed. Several

style: and aim. Send for llluet’d descri tive literature.

FREDERICK MACHINE WORKS, orwalk. Ohio





   





lgzgvh





V,’

‘, .N ‘1‘ '





 





 





 





it is threshed. This will give a basis



for next year’s crop.



Clean Separator Thoroughly Before

Saving Seed.



I have heard the expression, “My

seed wheat has run‘ out.” By this, it

was meant that the Wheat had become

so full of undesirable and unproduc-

tive varieties that it had become unfit

for milling purposes, to say nothing of

seeding. It is not that the wheat has





 





 





llantlon Michigan Farmer when writing to adlomsars‘





.run out of itself, but rather that it has





become mixed by the threshing ma-





chine and other agencies. The sepa-

rator is one of the greatest factors of

farm seed contamination that ever

roamed the country and probably con~

taminates more farm seeds than all

the other agencies put together. The

separator in going from one farm to

another collects foreign wheat and the

first few bushels that are threshed out

are not pure, but are a mixture of your

grain with an inferior grain, usually.

The first ten or twelve bushels should

be put into the bin. They have served

to clean out the machine. After that

the required amount of seed wheat or

seed grain should be sacked and put

away in the granary where it cannot

be destroyed by mice or rats.



What will the harvest be? The bar-

vest will depend more upon the seed

than any other factor, for we cannot

expect to reap what we do not sow.

If we sow contaminated seed, we sure-

ly will not harvest' pure seed and so

it seems that the utmost precaution

should be taken in saving seed for the

next year’s crop. ~



lngham Co I. J. MATHEWS.





PLOWING FOR DRAINAGE.





 





In plowing untiled land it is import-

ant to do so with special reference to

drainage, especially so if the field is

of heavy clay and quite level. How

to plow so as to best accomplish this

end inust necessarily be a question for

local consideration. In general, it is

better to plow parallel with the slope

as this gives the water a freer vent

than if it has to drain crosswise over

the furrows.



The marking of the field into quite

small lands is the most natural solu—

tion, but is objectionable for the rea-

son that it makes too many cross

ditches to run over in mowing and

reaping. So, too, the turning of the

furrow away from the fence or out-

side will give a better watercourse

than in doing the reverse, but it can-

not be continued indefinitely for in

time it will cause too great a ditch.

Perhaps the most satisfactory method

is to plow ten or twelve furrows

ground the lot and then mark out the

field by throwing up ridges 30 to 50

feetapart according to the lay of the

land—the distance being less if the

ground is very flat. Then when the

harrowing and seeding have been ac-

complished go over the field with a

plow, making furrows along the low-

est places so that the surface water

will readily pass off.



On one of our fields, twenty acres

in extent, there is a depression near

the center with the land sloping to-

ward it from both sides and the water

running to the westward. I have care-

fully cut a ditch through this winding

depression and dredged it out with a

wheel road scraper. The edges of the

ditch have been trimmed on both

sides so that the slope is quite grad-

ual, allowing machinery to pass over

with little jar. As stated above I used

a big four-wheeled road scraper in

dredging and grading the ditch, but

there is a. smaller and much cheaper

tool on the market which presumably

will do the work equally effective. It

can be had for about $30.



In plowing, avoid wide headlands

unless they are on very steep ground.

By throwing up a ridge between two

lands and plowing on both, the indi-

vidual headland will be avoided. I

have seen farmers hitch to a sulky

plow and drive clear around an oblong

ten—acre field and make rapid progress

by reason of little turning for the

amount plowed. But I never noticed

very good results from such plowing

unless intended for permanent mea—

dow or pasture. A field plowed in this

way would leave but one short ditch

in the middle and all other necessary

ditching would have to be laboriously

worked out—more likely neglected.



Of course, the draining cannot be





AUG. 28,- 1915.





done with the plow or other imple—

ment. A perfect ditch requires more

or less labor with spade and shovel,

but for economy's sake this labor

should be reduced to the minimum.

Ohio. H. E. WHITE.





 





ALFALFA INSURANCE.





 





There has been so much written

about alfalfa,'so many questions ask-

ed, so many theories advanced, that it

seems as though everything had been

said.



Alfalfa seems to be the “scare crop"

of the average farmer, simply because

he has heard that Smith or Jones had

failed in getting a catch he imagines

he can not raise it. Now, I always

take a little pride in overcoming an

obstacle that my friends fail to meet.

I believe it was this that first induced

me to try alfalfa and kept me from

getting discouraged after making sev-

eral failures, but I am now convinced

there is no such thing as failure in

getting a stand of alfalfa if you go at

it right. In fact, I am thinking of is-

suing “Alfalfa Insurance” to parties

who follow my method. To raise al~

falfa I select a good field and put on

about 15 leads of stable manure per

acre and plant it to corn; after the

corn is planted I spread on not less

than two tons of lime per acre. Keep

the corn clean and just before culti-

vating it the last time sow it to rye

and vetch. This is plowed under about

June 1 and the ground harrowed each

week until August 1, then inoculate

your seed and sew to alfalfa and if

you do not get a good catch you can

draw on me for all the expense. By

handling your ground in this way you

have killed out the June grass which,

in my opinion, is the greatest enemy

alfalfa has.



Mecosta Co. F. H. BEACH.

WHEN TO CUT SOY BEANS FOR



HAY.





 





Early in the summer there were

several articles printed in regard to

soy beans, and as I needed something

of that kind to feed cows for rough-

age, I sowed broadcast nearly an acre.

Since then I have watched closely to

see if there were not other articles

on the subject dealing with the hand—

ling of the crop when out for hay.

What I would particularly like to

know is when to cut. In the blossom

or at what stage of ripeness?



Berrien Co. G. E. K.



All legumes contain the largest per

cent of digestible nutrients at about

the time their pods are nicely formed.

After this the nutrition is gradually

concentrated in the seeds. Therefore

the straw is not as rich a food as the

seeds, but beforefithe seeds are formed

the nutrition is distributed all through

the plant. Hence cut the soy beans

for hay when the majority of pods are

nicely formed and before the beans

are of any size.



The stalks of this plant areso thick

that it is rather slow to cure for hay.

It must sometimes be left in the

swath for a day or two, but like clo—

ver and alfalfa should not be left in

the swath longer than absolutely nec-

essary, for many of the leaves will dry

up and drop off. Just as soon as pos-

sible rake it up and put it into cocks

and cure it there and a much better

quality of hay will be secured.



COLON C. LILLIE.





At the Ontario station, 100 lbs. of

meal when fed to 40-lb. pigs, proved

equal to 406.9 lbs. of skim-milk and to

from 37.6 to 48.5 lbs. of tankage, de-

pending upon the grade used. The

skim-milk was fed in the proportion of

about one and a half pounds to one

pound of meal, the tankage one pound

to about six pounds of meal.





“Try-a-bag” of fertilizer. Our brands

are soluble and active, and not only

increase yield, but improve quality

and hasten maturity. Agents wanted.

Address American Agricultural Chem-

ical 00., Cleveland, Cincinnati, Detroit

or Baltimore—Adv. . h





i





l





l





 





 





_ l+m -l- . a.- _..-. A--__.. we“ . ..-.
AUG. 28, 1915.





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





“Pasturing Work Horses





[-IE horse needs a variety of food

the same as man. Some farmers

think that if there is plenty of

corn or oats and hay on hand, that is

all. that is needed for work horses, but

such is not the case. There is great

dietetic value in variety in any ration.

Scores of horse feeders have learn~

ed from experience that a steady diet

of dry feed is not necessarily the best

for farm work horses in summer, and

it is now the custom of the majority

of farmers to turn their work animals

out to pasture every night, as well as

on Sundays, when the weather re-

mains warm and comfortable. And it

may be said that nothing but good re

sults come from the pasturing when it

is done systematically and the horses

are performing their regular work,

whether on the road or on the farm.

The belief is quite prevalent. among

city horsemen that horses which are

set at severe work will be soft if al-

lowed any grass. The experience of

most farmers disproves this belief,

however, as long as the wprk demand-

ed of the animals is not out of the or-

dinary. That horses on grass sweat

more freely than those which are giv-

en dry feed only, is true, but this does

no harm. The horse that does sweat

freely while at work is the one that

is the least tired when night comes.

Grass has always been and is yet the





er is so cool that it is not conducive

to a comfortable rest for the animals

in the pasture field. But after the

nights become warm and comfortable

it will generally pay to turn the work

horses out every night. They will rest

far better in the pasture field than is

possible in a hot stable, and the grass

which they eat will do them good.

Indiana. W. F. PURDUE.





ECONOMY IN FEEDING





 





There is a great deal of feed wasted

on the average farm each year but so

little is lost at a time that we seldom

notice it. If we would take the time

to count up what is knocked out of

the troughs by the animals and tramp—

led under foot in one month’s time we

would be so surprised at the large

quantity that we would all take steps

to be more careful in the future.



One of the most common ways of

wasting feed is. to feed it upon the

ground when the surface is wet or

soft. Feed scattered about in this

fashion will soon be tramped upon and

buried under the mud. Pigs, especially,

are wasteful of feed given to them in

this way, but many feeders have real-

ized the loss and have prevented it by

building concrete feeding floors which

will not only pay their cost in the feed

they save in a few years but enable





 





 





 





 





A Bunch of Steers Fed by T. M. Warren, of Sanilac, and Sold at $8 per cwt.





 





horse’s natural food and medicine. It

is easily digested and hence it regu-

lates the stomach. Not only does it

induce the horse to sweat freely, thus

opening up all the pores of the skin

so that poisonous substances are elim-

inated readily from the body, but the

grass moves the bowels and flushes

the kidneys, thereby keeping those 01'-

gans in an active condition. It is

therefore but natural that, under all

ordinary circumstances, the farm

horses should perform their work ful-

ly as well, or even a great deal better,

on grass as when kept stabled all the

time during their leisure hours, pro-

viding only that the pasture is not, re-

lied upon too much. A good ration of

grain must be given at all times in

connection with the pasturage. Even

on idle days it is advisable to get the

horses up mornings and evenings and

give them a small feed of grain and a

small quantity of well cured hay.



If the work horses are given access

to pasture at all, they should be turn-

ed out fairly regularly. Animals that

are kept on dry feed all week will eat

more. grass than is good for them if

allowed their liberty all day Sunday.

A field containing a good growth of

grasses is to be preferred for night

pasturing. An animal that does a.

day’s work should have a reasonable

amount of rest at night and not be

forced to work extra for its feed. It

hardly pays to pasture at night until

the nights are warm and comfortable.

Early in the season the grass is short

and tender and contains little nourish-

ment, and at .the same time the weath-





the quarters to be kept in a more san-

itary condition.



Feed may be wasted when it is fed

in the mangers in excess of the ani-

mal’s needs. This is a loss that is

easily preventable, for the feeder if

he is observing will know just how

much the animal will eat up clean.



There is often danger of over—feed-

ing animals to the extent that so much

material is taken into the system that

some of it is not properly assimilated

or wasted. There is a wide difference

in animals in the manner of consum-

ing feed. Some will stop when the

stomach is full and wait until there is

a call due to the needs of the body

for more feed, while others will not

wait but seem to delight in continu-

ally eating or nibbling at their food.

Many horses have this latter charac-

teristic and it acts as a detriment to

the well-being of the animal.



If the horse continues to eat after

the stomach has been filled, the mate-f

rial already in the stomach will be





forced on into the intestines before

digestion has been completed. The





feed will in this way not only be wast-

ed but some of the energies of the

body will be taxed to dispose of the

excessive amount and the horse will

be injured instead of being benefited

by the good intentions of the feeder.

The practice of feeding large quanti-

ties of rough feed, as dry or musty

hay or fodder, should be strictly guard-

ed against, as it produces the condi-

tion that usually results in indigestion

and in the end may bring on heaves.a





Indiana. C. H. WHEATLEY.





 





lHllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||l||l|l|||lll|lIlllllIIIlllllII|lllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





=

.—

__

.—

.—

.—

-

_

.-

_.

_

—.

_—

.—





 





HE very same rea-



son that makes big,

successful contracting

companies choose Novo

to furnish power for all

hoisting, pumping and

contracting work, is the

same reason why Novo

is at work on thousands

of America’s farms today—Nova rut;

t/Ie cart of labor.



Sawing wood, grinding feed, cutting

ensilagc, hoisting hay, on irrigating or

spraying work, running the separator,

water and lighting system—Nova Ja‘ve:

money on all kind: of farm work.

W ENGINE COMPANY,





01' Station A, San Jose, Ca].

European Office:





NOVO Reduces the Cost

of Farm Labor





566 Willow Street,





915—161





New York Subway





Nave Ewen“





 





 





 





 





Novo is fsuperior

in dc sign —construc-

tion—workmanship.



’ Fewest working parts

' "The mean final simplicity.

Engine for Light weight, compact-

E'e" Purpmen ness and easy portability

are Novo advantages no

farmer should overlook.

Guaranteed against damage from freez—

ing. Guarantee bond-with each engine.

Let us show you a Novo doing actual

work. Send us a postal card and the

Novo man in your neighborhood will

show you every detail of a Novo with—

out obligation.





Lansing, Michigan

CLARENCE E. BEMENT. Secretary and Manager





Ilidzar Backluml. Representative. 13-14 Broad Street House, New Broad Street. London. E. C.





 





 





 





12 and 15 H.P. Novo Engine on

All-Steel Team Truck. Fig. 1476





 





 





 





Novo Engines can be furnished for operating on gasoline. kerosene. alcohol or distillate.





:tl'llllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllIII|IllIIlllllllllIllllllllllllIll|llI||IllIlllllllIIlIllIll|||lllllllllllllllllIllllIIIlllllllllllllllllllllllll





 





   





willhllllllllllllIllIlllllllllllllllllllllHHIllHllllllIlllllllllllHlllllllllll|Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllg





N ovo Helps Build





—-

—

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_

1-.-

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illllllllllllll||llllllllllllllllllIllIIllllllI|I|IIl|lIllllll|llllll|lllllllIIlllllllI|III|ll|llllllIlll|II|lllllllllllllllllII|||||IIlllllllllllllllllllllll





 





When You Go To Chicago





You do not buy a ticket half way because it

costs less, and then walk the remainder.What

you would save in mileage would be lost-

many times in time, comfort and convenience.

Yet, that is what the man does when he buys





inferior footwear ,——he rides half way and limps

the remainder.





The Rouge Rex Shoe





GRAND RAPIDS





"stand the hard knocks of the man who works.





No. 494 is made from tan veal stock, wit 1 “ half double sole,

and full bellows tongue and plain toe.

and heels are solid leather of the kind that give satisfaction.





Write for descriptive book and nearest dealer' 3 name





HIRTH- KRAUSE COMPANY





Hide to Shoe Yanners and Shoe Manufacturers





is the limited flyer which takes you to your

destination with all the comfort, safety and

service that modern shoemaking makes

possible, and this 18 what you bargain for

when you buy footwear. Rouge Rex

Shoes are made to





Insoles, counters





 





MICHIGAN 1.... .r...u.,...'2..!,s.1.





 





 





 





Figure Out the Profit“3





Yourself.





3 148. 75 — S 151. 30—3 149. 43—3149. 96





3229. 37—3221. 30—3229. 20—3225. 57 .





The above figures represent the crop values

for a. ten year period on eig_ht Corn Belt

fields. On the four shown in the lower

line phosphorus was supplied.



The averageo difference in annual crop

valuesi 3 $10. 20. The cost of supplying

Phosphorus is $1. 00 per acre per year.

Write us for rice: on DAYBREA'K

FINELY GRO ND ROCK PHOSPHATE.





FEDERAL CHEMICAL CO.

Ground Rock Department

L: Clark St COLUMBIA, TENN.





LIW WWJT





At Our Risk You'

Can Prove It.





Don' t w .1ste good money on tire pumps that

eitherhreik \our back. or pump Rubber

Rotting oil particles or gasoline fumes

into your tires.





Take No Chances





At our risk you can prove that the

. “Dead Easy" 1s qu1cker safer, easier

and cheaper thz 111 any other the pump,

either engine «trim or hand p0wer.

Free Trial Ofier— W rite today

N0“ for l')- (lav—no money. .in-

advance—free trial offer.





GLOBE MANUFACTURING COM

60 Grant St” Battle Cieek.1\l,i(':lli.





 

 

 

 

 





“DEAD EASY” V





 





Keep them healthy.

Write

Natio





or instructive circular.l It:





FOR YOUR

Protection noes

Kill the lice, etc.



FREE.

Factories, 11111., Dept. 8, Richmond. Indiana '





 





 





Mention Michigan Farmer when writing to admilsers





 





/\
162—6

G'efdlllang’fl/ahlly





Hay Press





-—-the famo motor press that is making clear

profits of $10, 815. m a day for shrewd farmers

everywhere. alias it own powerwc (4. 6. or 8 H. P.) ‘

from simple gas engine on samet Both Press

and Engine made in our own factory. You can





Break All

Baling Records





in your neighborhood with the fast working Sand-

wich Motor Sure certain operation—solid

salable .bales. Friction clutch right on ress.

Heavy‘ ‘can 'tslip” steel chain belt. Simp 6 self

feeder and block dropper. En ne with Magneto.



We make Horse and Belt ower Presses too.





Get Our Book





——'o"f na TolI"—packed from cover to cover with valuable

hny Imiing facts. Show in actual figures the lbbiiz profits you

can make with a Sandwich Press. A poo brings a copy

FREE. Write NOW! Addres





summon ”3.00., 5140“ 81’..SAIIDWICII,ILL.

Box 5‘4 .eo-ncu slum. Ia. an M4. Kansas City. Mo.





 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





Can Start

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Instantly





 

 





 





 

 





Zia to Ms Tons

per hour ‘ "





   





Ballng





flail/raid erfifllyflfl.





LILLIE’S SPECIAL BRANDS





BUFFALO FERTILIZER





Made from best. material. Always reliable.

Lime, Potash. Acid Phosphate. Nitrate of Soda.





Agents wanted in unoccupied territory Ship di-

root to farmers in carious. Fertilizer questions

answered and farm soil surveys made on request.





Colon C. Lillie, Sales Agi..Coopcrsville, Mich.





WINTER SEED WHEAT





KHARKOV YIELDS 50 T0 70 BU. PER ACRE



Yield guaranteed. Write for catalog and circular. de-

scribing the most wonderfuol Vvariety ever introduced in

the U. S. .BERRY' S IMPR VED KHARKOV. Just im-

ported direct from Russia. Has no equal. Largest yieI-dcr

known and withstand: the severest winters. Have im-

proved Turkey Red, other varieties and Mammoth White

Rye. Large stock Alfalfa. Timothy and all Grass Seed.

Write for circular, free samples. special low prices.





A. A. Berry Seed CO.. Box 131‘. Clarinda. Iowa





AMERICAN BANNER WHEAT





A pedigreed wheat, bred at the Miohi an Agricul-



tural College Average yield of 40 bushe etc the acre



without. fertilizer. Stiff strawed boardless. good



milling nerd)“ uality and an all round d wheat. Prue

nshel. In less than 10 bus el lots.1(l bushels



or more. 52. 00 per bushel. sacks! roe. Addrens



Secretary Michigan Experiment Association.



East Lansing. Michigan





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN F'AR'ME'R





HE weather man was good to the



fruit growers on August 12. He



really ceased in indulging-in his

bad habit of furnishing excessive

moisture about nine o’clock of that

day so that the fruit growers of the

state could get together for their an-

nual summer meeting at Amos Tuck-

er’s fruit farm, midway between South

Haven and Fennville. That the fruit

growers were determined to get to-

gether was evidenced by the fact that

nearly 250 of them gathered at this

farm eight miles from a railroad, but

in one of the best fruit districts in

this state, if not in the country. This

is not idle talk, for we have it on

good authority that this section gives

as great returns per acre, considering

the investment, as any farming sec-

tion in the United States.



As is the usual custom at these

summer meetings of the State Horti-

cultural Society the morning and early

afternoon were spent by the members

in looking over Mr. Tucker’s exten-

sive farms and visiting other promi-

nent fruit farms in the vicinity, either

in their own autos or in those furnish-

ed by the local fruit growers.



An Impromptu Program.



After szILzIking of a sumptuous din-

ner furnished by the ladies of the U.

B. Church, who were kept busy taking

care of the unexpected large crowd,

the meeting was called to order and

two hours of impromptu talks by Some

of the more prominent fruit growers

were enjoyed. The first one called up

on was none other than Prof. W. A.

Taylor, chief of the Bureau of Plant

Industry in the Department of Agricul-

ture at Washington, D. (3., who is a

native and former school teacher in

that part of the state. He comment-

ed upon the large attendance upon

such a threatening day and upon the

presence of so many young people.

He stated that at the last meeting of

the State Society he had the privilege

of attending 26 years ago, he was the

youngest one there, practically all of





 





-ALFALFA





AMERICAN NORTHERN GROWN

YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED CO.. Owosso, Michigan





PURE FIELD SEEDS





SEED WHEAT—Jim! “me. Poole and W inter King

Clover. Timothy Alsikc. Alfalfa and all kinds oI'

Pure Field Seeds. direct from producer to consumer.

Free from Noxious weeds. As for Samples.



BIO TYPE POLAND CHINAS, Mann and April pigs





at reasonable rices.

A. C. HOYT CO.. - — FOS’IORIA. OHIO





ROSEN RYE





Best yielding no we r discovered AH rage Iieid 41 2

bushe' a per a.( re Price $2. 50 per bIIsIIII i in loss than

10 bushel lots; 10 bushels or more. 82. 00der bushel.



sacks free. Address Secretary Michigan Experi-

Inent Association. East Lansing. Michigan.





LILLIE’S IMPRIIVEII- GROENE WIIEA'I‘





A vigorous red bearded wheat. very still straw. Imd

of good milling qIIaIlItIes. a good erldor. erte for

.(nuumpie and prIces.





 





 





 





LON C. LILLIE. Coopersville. Michigan.

SEED WHEAT rIhe No. lied (‘hampion and Im-

ported Kiln Irkov roIn Russia. TIIo





greatest. Iaricties know n for )ield. Hardiest and

best nIIllinjzIIIIwIlilticI R. Write for samnli and prices.

W. RIAM. Almont. Michl lag n





 





F l. s I —Red Rock wheat. at. $2. ”5 ofger I)“. new sacks

a a8 furnished. Yield 1914 I IIII. per acre.

CHAS. B. COOKF ARM, Route4 l. Owesso. Mich.



We Illl)’





Sweet Clover See 0.. .0...

YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED CO.. Owosso, Michigan.





I

SWEET CLOVER SEED. Eé‘z'm‘wq‘f‘fll‘iiIII QEI’SIS‘EL'I‘I





mination. l ri oes sand information on request;

EVERETT BAHI‘ON. Box 129. F,a.lmouth Ky.





SWEET CLOVER—SIed for full sowing;





prue and cirrular how

Free”. JOhnA Sheehan. R 4, I-‘_nlInoth Ky.





 





 





 





to grow it





GINSENG PLANTS

56 per 1000. two year old,





—() d.

F0" SALES 9116 :1?“ 10661. Stratified send. £4 per lb.

..1( CSARPENTER. Northville. Mic h.





WANTED—RYE and VETCH MIXTURE

SEND SAMPLES FOR le T0

YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED CO.. Owosso. Mich.





ALSIKE SEED WANT—Eli





Also mammoth and sweet clover

and timothy.





 





 





 





soil 8. Writ. to for LOW PRICES

LAKE SHORE STONE COMP ANY.





0. M. SCOTT & SONS 00.,

DIanEO'l‘ TO YOU and we will

Muskegon. Mich... and Ben_t_on Harbor. Mich





426 Main St., Marysville, Ohio.

dsample and full particu-

——Yon should get. the highest grade

of limest estone manufactured. Buy

it upon the basis of analysis. We

manufacture the highest nragfh ralde pul-





L I M £86 Pullverized lime rock for sour”

teto office nearest you.

veriled limestone soldi Ihc Igan.





Let us prove it. Ask for sample and analysis.





 





CAMPBELL STONE 00.. Indian River. Mloll.





the members being over fifty years of

age.



Genial Thomas Gunson, of the Hort-

icultural Department of the M. A. C.,

entertained and instructed his hearers

in his characteristic way of dispensI





Summer Meeting of State Fruit GroWers





of other men in the same line of work.

He also said that the two greatest prob‘

lems before the fruit grower were to

grow things that would satisfy the

consumer and to get it to him in the

most economical and efficient way.

Co-operation was his' solution of the

marketing problem, which he said was

a big one. M. D. Buskirk, a promi-

nent grape grower of Paw Paw, who

is managing a farmers’ co-operative

selling association at Fremont, also

offered co-operation as the solution of

the marketing problem.



R. J. Coryell, of Birmingham, who

was one of several who drove across

the state to attend the meeting, told

of the fruit prospects in the eastern

part of the state and said that the

fruit industry there was increasing on





' account of the accessibility to the De-





troit market.

Fruit Conditions in New York.



Prof. H. J. Eustace, in giving a re-

port of the crop conditions in New

York, said that the peach crop was a

large one and that sales were being

made at a cent and a half a pound.

the growers furnishing the baskets.

Winter apples are about one-fourth of

last year's crop and fall apples about

oncvhalf. Pears and grapes were very

light, The apple growers there were

holding for $3.50 per barrel.



George Friday, of Coloma, said that

he was glad he was a farmer, on ac-

count of the spirit of cooperation

among them. In other lines of busi-

ness everyone was trying to get the

best of someone else, but farmers

were always ready to give their fel-

low men the value of their experience.



Luther Hall, whose Northern Spy

orchard at lonia has made him fir

mous, urged individual effort rather

than cooperation as a solution of the

problems of the Michigan fruit grow-

er. He doubted whether we could

meet the competition of the west by

co-operation. He said that we had

them beat on quality but we lacked

the energy they display in selling.



That soil fertility and the regula-

tion of the growth of the tree would

to a great extent take the place of

spraying as the thing foremost in the

fruit grower’s mind was the thought

expressed by F. A. Wilken. Spraying





 





 





A Cover Crop is Especially Beneficial this Year in Checking the Growth of

the Tree and Maturing the Wood.





ing cheer and serious thought. He

spoke of the improvement in the

farmer and farming during the past

25 years, stating that the world’s opin-

ion was becoming such that the bright-

est boy was now glad to stay on the

farm instead of going to the city, as

was the case in the past.

The Marketing Problem.



After several things pertaining 'to

the financial status of the society were

introduced by Secretary Smythe, and

commented upon by several members

and the announcement of the annual

meeting at Grand Rapids, December

7-8-9, 1915, was made, C. B. Cook, farm

adviser for Allegan county, spoke of

the value of looking over the farms





has rightly been given the lion’s share

of attention by the fruit grower as its

improvement has been responsible for

the rapid development of the fruit in-

dustry, but now that it is developed

to a high state of efficiency and as

there is much need for a better under-

standing of tree growth, the latter

will be given the most serious atten.

tion in the future.

The Farm Visited.



After resolutions of thanks to Mr.

and Mrs. Tucker were presented by

Mr. Edward Hutchins, Mr. Tucker

was called upon and expressed his ap—

preciation of the large number that

had gathered together. The meeting

was adjourned and immediately the





AUG. 28, 1915.





starting of the autos was the prevail-

ing noise, asit was late in the after-

noon. The only regret that the vis—

itors had was that the day was too

short.



Mr. Tucker’s farm, which consists

of about 200 acres, has an ideal loca—

tion for fruit purposes, being situated

on a ridge between South HaVen and

Fennville upon which several other

successful fruit farms are also located.

The air and water drainage is ideal.

The soil is a sandy loam with clay

subsoil which makes an ideal and eas—

ily worked fruit soil. Almost the en-

tire farm is set to fruit, the chief

crop being cherries, although there is

also good acreages of apples and

plums. During the cherry season just





past Mr. Tucker harvested 5,000 cases ‘





of cherries, with a loss of less than

ten.



Mr. Tucker can truly be called a.

self-made man. He is a product of

the section in which he now lives and

his success is due to his persistence

and energy. His faith in fruit grow-

ing is responsible for his enlarging his

operations as rapidly as he could. An

indication of the fact that he is and

will continue to be a progressive fruit

grower is the fact that after 24 years

of successful fruit growing he attend-

ed the short course in fruit growing

at M. A. C. last winter in search of

the very latest in his line.





TROUBLE DEPARTMENT.





Cherries Fail to Ripen.





Can you or any readers of Michigan

Farmer, tell me what is the trouble

with my cherries? I have several

trees of Montmorency’s that do not

ripen like the other trees. They are

pink in color and have a bitter taste

like a half-ripe cherry. Is it a. disease

in the cherry like the yellows in the

peach? Will I be obliged to cut down

the trees? E. J. B.





With no other symptoms given it is

hard to tell what the cause of the fail—

ure of the cherries to ripen is. The

writer has seen occasional cherries

which did not mature from the lack of

proper pollination at blossoming time,

but not entire trees. .



The 'cause may be malnutrition re-

sulting from the restriction of the sap

through an improper graft union or

from winter injury. The tree may not

be a true Montmorency but some oth-

er variety which ripens later. It is

not an uncommon occurrence to have

trees prove not true to name. The

fruit, foliage and the general shape of

the tree should be compared with that

of the trees you know to be the Mont-

morency. Fungous troubles may also

be a probable cause. The leaf blight,

which is indicated by a premature

dropping and yellowing of the foliage,

might have some effect on the ripen

ing of the fruit.



Although from the description given

we cannot tell definitely what the trou-

ble is, you can rest assured that it

will not be necessary to cut down the

trees to prevent the spread of the

trouble as the cherry tree is not af-

fected by contagious diseases like the

yellows in the peach.





Pea Weevil.





How should I care for pea. seed?

Every spling my seed is badly eaten

into by a little bug which boxes little

Iound holes into the beam; of the peas.



Van Buren Co A. A. P.





The insect which is attacking your

pea seed is the pea weevil or pea bug.

This is a small brownish black beetle

which lives in the peas through the

winter. The beetle escapes from the

peas in the spring and lays its eggs

in the young pea pods, the grubs liv-

ing on the growing peas.



The best way to control this insect

is to keep the peas for seed purposes

for two years, so that when they are

used for planting purposes they will

be entirely free of the weevil.



Fumigation with carbon bisulphide

is sometimes also used for eradicating

the insect, but where one has only a

small amount of seed, this is rather

inconvenient.





 





 





 





 





I
AUG. 28, 1915.





'THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





gilllmlllllllllllllllllllllIll"!llllllllllllfifllllllllllllllfllmtlllfllllltillIIHHIIITHHIIINHIHIIHIE

E - é"

Dairy.

3%llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllllIIHIlllllllllllllllIIIIll"llIIlllllllllll|||IllIllllIIIIIlllllllllllllllllllllflfi





LILLIE FARMSTEAD DAIRY

NOTES.





That an excess of protein in the ra-

tion fed for some time continuously,

will work a detriment to the breeding

powers of a dairy herd I am more and

more convinced. A few months will

make little difference to be sure, but

continue the practice for several years

and the number of shy breeders will

become alarming. Discontinue the

practice and after a few years there is

no more trouble about producing

calves. It is the superabundance or

excess of protein (nitrogen) .in the

ration that does it, in my opinion. Sev-

eral years ago I used to purchase cot-

tonseed meal in carload lots and feed

it pretty liberally. We also always

had clover hay and -I am confident

that from the standpoint of reproduc—

tion we fed an excess of protein. We

had trouble in getting cows with calf.

Too much protein interferes with the

normal process of reproduction. This

protein will create energy and growth

and will force cows to do their best in

producing milk, but if continued for

any considerable time in excessive

amounts it will check reproduction. -



Nitrogen for plants does the same

thing. If the nitrogen is in excess of

the other food constituents the plant

makes a luxurious growth in stem and

foliage but it does not fruit so well.

Corn grown on a soil having an ex-

cess of nitrogen produces wonderful

stalks and leaves but it is deficient in

leaves, and in many instances there

are no leaves at all. Balance the food

constituents of the plants and their

condition becomes normal. There is

a' growth of ear to correspond to

stalk and leaf. It is the natural way

of the plant and the animal as well to

reproduce itself and it will do so when

grown under proper conditions.



Ordinarily this idea of feeding pro-



tein to animals or nitrogen to plants

in excess of their requirements is not

up for discussion. Ordinarily or usu-

ally there is a lack of protein in the

ration for best results and a‘lack of

available nitrogen in the soil also. The

farmer is prone to get along with

what he has, and the ordinary feeds

grown on his own farm are not rich

enough in protein to furnish it in suf-

ficient quantities to enable a cow to

do her best. That is the idea that

should be preached throughout the

land. Only once in a. while is the pro-

tein or nitrogen proposition overdone.

But when it is overdone it causes a

serious loss. Now that so many are

growing splendid crops of alfalfa they

must be cautioned not to feed too

abundantly of concentrates that are

very rich in protein. If they do for

several years at a time they are, in

my judgment, sure to interfere with

the process of normal reproduction in

their herds. Don’t stop growing the

alfalfa. It is the cheapest source of

protein by all odds. The rational

thing to do is to not feed so much

cottonseed mealflor oil meal, with the

alfalfa, but rather feed a little of

.these foods and more corn meal, bar-

ley or oats, and you will cheapen the

ration and keep the cows in a more

normal condition. '



Referring to L. C. Drake’s criticism

of my statement that butter-fat could

be produced for one-half of 28 or 30

cents per pound, I presume I should

have explained more fully at the time.

I was answering the question of the

actual cost of butter-fat, and did not

intend that anyone should think I

thought one could afford to produce

butter—fat at 14 to 15 cents per pound.

That would be the actual cost under

quite favorable conditions and would

not include any profit. Simply the ac-

tual cost of production.



No one can afford to sell butter-fat





. at actual cost.





We must have a fair

margin of profit or we can not live

and do business long. The farmer

must begin to figure this margin of

profit above cost of production. It is

high time he did. But first he must

have a. fairly correct knowledge of

what the actual cost is to him. One

trouble is that this cost varies greatly

with almost every herd, depending on

the quality of the cows, on the care

they receive, and on the cost of feed.

The farmer can lessen the cost of

production very materially by growing

better crops, because good crops fur-

nish cheaper feed. He can also great-

ly influence the cost by growing the

right kind of crops, or those best suit-

ed to feed the cows, and he can also

cheapen his ration by growing a cash

crop where the waste or by—product

can be utilized as a food for the cows,

like sugar beets, peas, soy beans, etc.



I think my statement is true that

butter-fat can be produced at 14 to 15

cents per pound, but this figure does





not have profit enough so one could:

afford to stay in the dairy business. In .

my judgment dairy prices are none too :





high now to furnish a fair profit.





WILL DAIRY FARMING PAY?





I would like to ask your advice in

regard to putting in a milking ma-

chine. Am putting in 20 cows, put-

ting up a 14x30 tile silo and making

butter and selling it to private cus-

tomers. I have 120 acres of land,

plenty of barn and stable room. Have

the engine, separator and dairy room.

What I would have to purchase would

be the silo, milking machine, some

more cows, churn, and stanchions. I

would aim to raise my own feed, veal

the calves, keep sows and raise pigs.

Would this undertaking be practical?

What kind of cows would you advise?

I am thinking that this would enable

me to keep a man the year around.

What should be the net and gross re—

turns from such an undertaking? I

would aim to work into a registered

herd in time. W. P.



Dairy farming has paid, it is paying

and it will pay. Dairy farming has

lost, is losing and it will lose; it all

depends on the man, and dairy farm-

ing is no different in this respect than

any other business. The man is the

important factor. In other words, the

man makes the business. New admit‘

ting this, how can I answer the above

question with any degree of satisfac-

tion. I am satisfied a lot of men are

losing money with cows today and I

am satisfied a lot of them are doing

well. Some are making a fair thing

of it, while some are deriving a splen-

did income.





The right kind of a man will have,





profitable cows. The kind of breed

does not matter so much. There are

good and poor cows in all breeds, but

the good business man will weed out

the poor of any breed and keep the

good.



The right 'kind of a man will feed

his cows liberally of economically pro-

duced feed and he will have a silo. He

will care for them properly and breed

them properly, and gradually improve

his herd year by year, and there seems

to be no limit to this, at least the

limit has not been reached as yet.



The milking machine is proving to

be a success, but it must be properly

handled. Anyone who can not suc—

seed in getting his cows properly milk-

ed by hand should try the milking

machine.



Hogs are a proper auxiliary of but-

ter-making. In no way can the by-





products be used to better advantage. ‘





W. P. has the right idea, any dairy-

man can see that. If he is an execu-

tive, a good business man, he will

succeed.



Selling butter to private customers

is almost a business by itself. You

must have the market close to hand

and you must be able to manufacture

gilt-edged butter and give proper de-

livery and be a salesman besides.

Really, furnishing butter to private

customers might be separated from

dairy farming. It is a separate busi-

ness, but one man can handle both.





 





 





 





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WINNER





AT

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‘ ‘M OST machines handle Crops—the manure





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Your yields depend on how well you fertilize the soil.



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f your local dealer can’t show you an I H C spreader, write

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McCormick Milwaukee





 





 





   





 





v .





THEHOOSI [Rs'lo

EXTENSION-ROOF





 

 

 





 





 





     





 

 

 

 

 

 





and when we send it we will tell you where you can see the

C C

International Harvester Company of America

CHICAGO (Incorporated) U S A

""""""" 5:: WGIWI.

SEPMAMSMD

9o READERS

., :r ‘ at these prices! Any

'; twists?tantra

El prices. Our great volume, ,

,1? modern, Simplified design .





machine. Don’t buy until you have seen an I H C spreader.

l Champion Deering Osborne Plano

ooooooooooooooooooooo600909'l

I mounted, at proportionate ,

—— ~. » “fl‘ and standardized manufac-





   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 





           





9 . tlgle s

rices 130551 e. ,

l 15 Iilundreds of] \‘

I§HP thousands of .»

. Galloway custo-

mers testify to the quality of '_

Galloway built and'sold direct .





395° '7” 7,. twist.” 4





or or cream sep- \

r -- arator until you know 6475 AND

,1 , yr / all about our new low UP

lib cut-down—to-bcdrock summer prlcoo.

"T“ Manufacturing improvements have 0

will“ enabled us to slash the price and main- ‘

‘ taiii uality. All Galloway Goods sold ..

ona iidin money-back~if-you- '

don’t-likc—t em plan. Don't

buy until you first get our new

book and new low cut-and-

slashed rices for e summer

months. hi ped from Chic 0,

Minneapolis, K. ’31..

Councll Bluffs.





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 





Roof Open and Filled Roof Closed (Section of





with Ensilage Roof and Silo removed)





The'HOOSIer Roof will make you silo 100 per cent

efficient; No space lost by your ensilage settling. It

isvthe kind of silo roof you have been looking for.

Vi rite nearest office for catalog and learn why Hoosier

customers say that. the "IIOOBIER ROOF ought. to

he on every silo."





SHEET METAL SPECIALTY 00.. 418 New York 81.. Goshcn. Ind.





 

   

 

 

 





 





   

   

 

 

 





The sud-rd springs ol Amencn since 1889. Make

any wugon I spring wugon. rcveni damage to eggs,

fruits. are. on road to mlrkel. Soon slve cost—produce brings

more—wagon llsls longer—easier Tor driver—easier lor horses.

. . .

Made Like F inest Auto Springs

Highest grade steel. Very resilient and durable. All sizes—

fit Jfll’ wagon up In 5 tons cup-city. II no! at dealer's. write

for circul-r showing how uvcy Springs save money.





HARVEY SPRING C0., 752 17th St, Racine, Wis.





 





 





 





799. .. .. . . . .s‘

f . ll . B . l .



i mgwhle ui dig‘n

Here is THE ONE Silo for the “eleventh hour"

buyer. You don’t have to delay filling until it is

completed or has “set.” Walls are perfectly rigid





—-no possibilitypf collapse. This is just one of

the many etclusive advantages found in





ZY ,. O MetalSilos.





 





 





AR K . . '

with this common sense





_ farm ditcher and road

" ll -- , grader. No wheels or

I levers. N othing to get out





guarantee, Of fix. Simple—Practical.





1‘! Price only one-fourth of big machines. Does same

‘: work. Soon pays for itself. Write for full inforiiia.

: tion and introductory proposition.



Owensboro DItchor&.Grader Canc. 801830 Owensborofiv-





 





Made of rust-resistingtpure-galvanized-iron. Comes

in easdy handled per ectly fittin quickly erected

sections-«With p ainly illustrated recting Instruc-

tions. Preserves Silage in purer condition with less

Y loss than any oéléeé E113 grade. Write today for

l

, FREE METAL SILO FACTS

. .Contains'the mostup-to-date - H

. information available on

i the subi ect. Fully roves

the merits of EYRO -'

Metal 81103. Please write ‘

for your_ coriy of this

, instructive REE

Book TODAY.





.MCANTDN CULVERI

-. OtSlLO CO. * ‘1

,Bo . 420 CANTON Qm



'. . ‘1 :"t.





w, .._.._-. H _





 

 





 





 





Made from Elm timber.

' ; Knocked down or iiiiilml up.





if} APPLE..B_A,RHEL§





Slrulhers Cooperage Co.





Romeo. Michigan





NOTICE!





Write to the Humane Stanchion Works for literature

, for the latest improved stanchion.

HUMANE STANCHION WORKS, Bamboo, Wis.





GASOLINE LAMPS





Agents wanted to sell our lamps and mantles. Grand

Rapids Novelty 00., 549 Woodlawn St. Grand Rapids. Mich





When writing to adver-

tisers please mention the

Michigan Farmer.





l "s

‘ cf: 3"!" \. .r,

shh‘eviif



‘ ‘_Tl-CORR6§





   





 





   

 





23%.: r?02Pa y! i





Buys the Now luttor- . u:

"er. No.3. Lightrunning, _ “

easy cleaning, close skim-





ming, durable. guaranteed

a lifetime. Slums 95 quarts ,

er hour. :3 also in (out ‘3.

, gar sizes up 1:06 1-2 shown here.

' t



30 IIIYS Free Trial mg; 0313;,

“in." "tea... rt“ ”ewes"



. - om- ac .

gingham“ “mutual-err an save 0. er

ALBAUGH-DOVER CO. (12)

2195 marsh-II Blvd. cchoo





 





 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 





BUSHEL cams i





N





----
16:) —8





.‘v





THE MICHIGAN-FA





3??





NIB/R. '





:. ,5: “it?





AUG. 28, 1915.





 





 





_ Practical





Illlllll





E =

WMIIIIHIIIIIIIIllWWII!!!"IlllllI!IIIIflIllIHIIIIlIIlIIHIIIIlIlIllIllIIlllliIIIIIIHlliIIIIlIIIIlIIlIIIllUIIIlIIlIIIIIIIIIIUHUIJIllllllllllllmlfflmlllllllllllllIIIIWIWWWWWIHHQ





FERTILIZER CONTROL LAWS AND

THEIR ADMINISTRATION.

(Continued from last week).



Administration.



My experience has been that while

a great deal of stress is laid on the

provision of inspection laWS, but little

attention is given to that equally im-

portant subject--—~their administration;

and yet it must be apparent to all that

unless the administration of a law is

reasonable, the object for which it

was enacted cannot be attained.



The question of the proper adminis-

tration of such laws must in the very

nature of things depend to a large ex-

tent on local conditions of the state as

regards the departments and machin-

ery available for securing the best re-

sults. Even from states where the

appointment of the administrative offi-

cer depends on political preference, I

think there could be no valid objec-

tion to the statement as far as pos-

sible the administration should be

removed from politics. A man’s politi-

cal affiliations are certainly no crite-

rion of his ability to formulate, ad-

minister and enforce an inspection

law. To no one is it more important

than to manufacturers that all con-

nected with inspection departments,

from the chief to the helper. be select-

ed for their fitness and training for

the duties to be performed.



The head of an inspection depart-

ment must, in the nature of things, be

given considerable discretionary pow-

er, and hence should realize to the

fullest extent. the importance of the

position assigned him.



In his role of arbiter between the

manufacturer, agent and consumer he

should View all questions from an im-

partial standpoint, considering equal-

ly the rights of all parties to the tran-

saction. To accomplish the best re-

sults it would seem essential that he

have. personal knowledge of all the

work covered by inspection. In addi-

tion he should have a genuine love

and interest for the work and a sin-

cere desire to make the law beneficial

to all concerned.



Rulings should be made only after

the. fullest investigation from all

standpoints and the assumption of ar-

bitrary powers should be carefully

avoided. The head of an inspection

department should be firm, but he

should never hesitate to change his

decision when shown to be in error.



The Staff.



The staff of an inspection depart-

ment should all be persons of unques-

tionable integrity, with a thorough

training in their special line of work.

The employment of chemists or in—

spectors in control work who have not

had special training does not seem to

me justifiable when the importance of

correct results is considered, nor do I

believe in the majority of cases with-

out such special training are they

competent to do justice either to con-

sumers or manufacturer.



Samples.



The opinion seems prevalent, both

among manufacturers and consumers,

that it is the easiest and simplest mat-

ter in the world to take a sample, and

yet this is a fundamentally important

phase of all inspection work, for un-

less the sample is drawn in such man-

ner as to be representative, all subse-

quent work on it is without value.



In securing samples a definite set of

rules which have been tested against

recognized methods should be laid

down for the guidance of inspectors,

and deviation from such rules should

be-_ given careful investigation. If all

samples are taken in accordance with

a definite set of instructions the sam-

ples so taken should at least be come

parable.



The variation and mistakes which





EHWIWWWWWWWWNWIIWMIIWWWIUIWIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIlllllllllllllllllllllllilflllllllliillllll. WIWWHIIHW





measure of condemnation be given to





 





Science.





IHIIIIIIIIHIWIIIIHI:IIIIIIIIIII





occurein all manufacturing processes

being as applicable to fertilizers as

any other materials, it seems to me

only fair that at least two samples of

each brand should be taken at differ-

ent points, from different shipments

and by different inspectors to prevent

any possible injustice by the bad

showing of one sample and in addi-

tion to maintain a check on individual

inspectors. ,

Analysis.



Most laws contain regulations as to

the methods of chemical analysis

which shall be used, and almost invar-

iably those adopted by the Association

of Official Agricultural Chemists are

considered as standard. Since the con~

trol chemists are usually limited by

the law as to the methods which shall

be followed, variations, according to

his own personal opinion are not jus-

tified, and manufacturers in making

guarantees should base them on the

methods which must be followed in

the work of inspection. Much of the

apparent friction between manufactur—

ers and control officials would disap-

pear if the preceding were adhered to,

since while all methods used, in the

analysis of fertilizer are not exact

if followed with minute care, compar-

able results will be secured by ana-

lysts working on portions of the same

sample.



In making the analysis a system

should be used which removes chance

for discrimination. This can easily be

secured by what is called the blind

analysis of samples, which is in effect

the analysis by number without infor-

mation to the analyst as to the name

of the fertilizer or manufacturer. In

the department with which I am con-

nected this is carried out to the extent

of checking up the analysts by the

chief or chief deputy without ascer-

taining the origin of the sample.



The inspection official should ever

keep in mind the motto, “Not Infalli-

ble,” and accept as the right of the

manufacturer 3. request for review

work or full information regarding a

sample. Personally I am a believer

in the right of a manufacturer to an

advanced report with a certain time

limit for investigation if desired. That

we all do at times make mistakes can-

not be questioned, and in view of the

fact that the business of a manufac-

turer is largely influenced by the re-

sults of inspection and incorrect re-

sults reported is liable to cause a dam-

age that subsequent correction cannot

remove. The publication and retrac-

tion of such an error is similar in re-

sults to the retraction of a mis—state-

ment by a newspaper, which leaves

most people “of the same opinion

still.”



The revenues for the administration

of inspection laWS should not only be

sufficient to permit of the,employment

and retention of first-class men in all

departments of the service, but should

also provide a reasonable working bal-

ance. Such revenues should, of course,

be. expended under a. system which

shows the reason and legitimacyfor

each expenditure.



To secure the best results I believe

the widest publicity and information

should be furnished regarding the

work of inspection both as regards

the drawing of samples and their an-

alysis. In fact, there should be no

secrets in connection with inspection

work, either from consumers or man-

ufacturers. ‘



To insure the greatest benefit from

the results of inspection the analysis

of all samples taken should be pub-

lished so that due credit and benefit

may be secured by manufacturers who

maintain their guarantees and meet

the law’s requirements and an equal





 





those who fail to do no.





 





Michigan StateFaiiz *

Detroit.Sept.6-15.l9l5 }





TR





“Bigger and Better Than Ever”





Greatest Exposition

In the Middle West





Michigan’s State Fair is to the people

of Michigan what the San Francisco

Fair is to the world. This year it will

represent more truly than ever before

the wonderful Agricultural and Indus-

trial progress made by the people of

Michigan.





Progress of the Farm Pm bred cattle



swnie, sheep and

horses will make the livestock exhibit the greatest in

Michigan’s history. The grain, fruit and other ex-

hibits of the products of the farm will show the remark-

able advance made in agriculture in Michigan and

other Middle Western States.





O

Specnl Days for Farmers gyms;

State Grange Day and Thursday, Sept. 9 will be

Gleaners’ Day at the Fair. Prominent men in the

two great farmers’ organizations will give addresses.

Special programs are being arranged.





Judging oi Butter and Cheese





The competition for honors in the state judging

of butter and cheese will be most keen. All cream-

erics must submit. samples as this is the official test

conducted under the supervision of state authorities.





Great Tractor Demonstration





Latest improved models of gasoline traders

will be exhibited at the State Fair and a working

demonstration on a five-acre farm will be a feature.





' ° Various breeds

Four-Day Mllkln T68 of dairy cows will

be tested to determine the est production of milk at

the least cost. Appropriate prizes will be awarded.





Horse Show In addition to the exhibits in



the regular horse department, a.

horse show will be conducted at the 1915 State Fair.

Saddle, harness, and coach horses, hunters, jumpers,

roadsters, fours—in—hand and tandems will compete

for prizes. There will be classes for ponies, including

the Welsh and Shetland.





Battle in the Clouds 0...... ccccccccc



include flights by

the Patterson aviators, automobile races, girls’ milk-

ing contest, automobile show, harness horse races,

better babies contest, auto vs. aeroplane race, fire-

works, lackson prison exhibit. big midway, exhibits

of wild fowl, band concert, exhibit by state fish com-

mismon, and various other features.





DON’T FORGET THE DATES,





EPT. 6th - 15th





C» W. DICKINSON.

Secretary-Manager ,





. ,— \ ‘

.

’-‘ 'A‘~





‘.000100 1“".."
L

1‘





 





 





 





 





Magazine Section





 





LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY one

INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





w‘x ” bleEP‘SII/ggf

. . 7531.5” ED





   





 





‘Ihe FARM BOY

(ma GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms apart of our paper every week.





 





HEN the true romance of this

mighty, world-raging conflict

shall have been written, one



of the most extraordinary chapters of

this marvelous war will concern the

progress of invention and discovery.

Instead of Armageddon setting back

the clock of civilization, it has really

in some respects moved it rapidly for-

ward. Monster dreadnaughts of the

air, super-aeroplanes with armored

field pieces in numbers, and one artil-

lery service of twenty-four men, in-

stead of aeroplanes with two men and

one unarmored machine gun; nitro-

gen and ammonia made from the air,

submersible battle cruisers instead of

u-boats and submarines, these are but

a few of the already realized forward

movements.



Perhaps almost the greatest of these

feats and accomplishments is the in-

vention of a method whereby nitro-

genous foods, proteins or albumens,





IIIIIIIII I'IIIIIII||IIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIII IIIII IIIIII IIIII” III IIIIII I III IIIIIIIIIII IIIII IIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII III IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII





WORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES





Flesh Really Made from the Air





ByIDR. LEONARD KEENE HIRSHBERG





can actually in unlimited amounts at

an absurdly low cost be garnered from

the earth’s atmosphere. Not only will

this discovery make the task of demo-

cratic and free institutions in sup—

pressing the Teutonic autocracy more

difficult, but it may store off the star—

vation plan of the Allies for a long

while.



There is an unlimited supply of

starches, sugars, beets, potatoes, and

sweets in Germany, Austria and Tur-

key, but albumenous flesh-making

foods rich in protein and necessary for

life, health and vigor has had to be

imported secretly from distant lands

by way of neutral countries. Barley

and wheat, malt and rye have all had

to be obtained from the United States,





 





Mexico, and South America and seer—n-

ingly shipped to Sweden, Switzerland,

Norway, Holland and Denmark.



The process invented does away

with such difficulties and future wor-

ries. Although, like making nitrogen

from the air, it too was discovered in

Norway, the method has already been

seized upon and applied by the cen-

tral empires. It is particularly feas-

ible for the Germans because of the

beer, malt, and other yeast-using in-

dustries.



Yeast factories have started the

manufacture of this new albumen

without a cent of extra expense or any

trouble or loss of time. Here is the

plan: First, by means of the electric

furnace nitrogen is obtained from the





I I, , , III

IIIIIII IiI III. I. IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII..I.IIII.. II. III,II...,IJI I I; IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIII”





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere.





air and made into ammonia—which is

nitrogen and water. This is combined

with oil of vitriol or sulphuric acid

and thus makes sulphate of ammonia,

a salt. Fifty-two pounds of this salt

and 100 pounds of sugar are dissolved.

in water and a little yeast is added.



Yeast is a tiny, microscopic plant

which grows rapidly. In a very short

time from that amount of ammonia

and sugar, nearly twice as much yeast,

dried and weighed, is obtained. In

other words, the 152 pounds of the

raw, non-albumenous stuff gives 270

pounds of dry feeding yeast One-half

of this, or 50 per cent, is flesh-making

protein or albumen.



When it is understood that about

600,000 tons of albumenous foods were

imported every year into Germany as

one-tenth of six million tons of wheat

and barley, it can be appreciated how

valuable the new Norwegian discovery

will be to the military autocracy of





.......... I2..‘ , ,II},II..‘§._,LIT,III.I IIIII II.IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII ‘II I III





 





 





 





Italy’s Famous 75 mm Guns Screened from Aeroplanes, in Action in the

lsonzo District.





German Prisoners, During a Recent inspection of German Camps in Alsace,

Saluted General Joffre by “Eyes Left.”





 





 





 





The Military Camp at Plattsburg, New__\York, where Many Prominent Busi-

ness Men are Taking IMilitary Training.





 





 





 





Russian Prisoners Taken on the Dubissa, on their way to the German Con.-

centration Camps.





 





Auto Amburances, Presented to the Allied Armies by the English Auto

Club, In the Courtyard of Hotel Des Invalides in Paris.

Copyright by Underwood & Underwood. N. V.





 





The Bishop of London Conducting Intercession Day Services from Steps of‘

St. Paul's Cathedral, London. I
174*1





T H ‘B M re H‘I G A"





N mange:





we. 28: we





 





Germany and Austria. They only used

440,000 tons of sugar a year to make

up the deficit, which gives me and

some other ardent advocates of repub-

lican forms of government, the un-

pleasant conviction that Germany can-

not be starved out. '

Muscle and flesh are built up by a1-

bumens. Cattle, swine and live stock

as well as mankind, must needs suc-

cumb to the Grim Reaper unless flesh





foods—dbumens-are always avail-

able. Man has always depended upon

the crops and Other vegettion for pro-,

teins or upon nimals fed upon them.

This seems no longer necessary. All

that you need do is to take the free

nitrogen from the air, make ammonia

of it, use the starch or sugars from

honey, syrup, potatoes, beets or other

sources, plant yeast in them, and 10!

you can have health and happiness.





ammmmnmmmmmnnmmmnmmmnmmmmmmimmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmnfie





lllllIllillllililllllllIIIHHMHHIIH





‘* THE RED MIST.





By RANDALL PARRISH.





 





2 Copyright A, O. McClurg Co.





IlilllllllllllllillllllllllIllllIllllllilllllllll





fimmmnnmmwmmnnnunmmninmmnmnnmmrmmmmmz;mmmmuIumnmnmlmIIImIImImIIIinIIIIIminnmmnmnnnimmmm1umnnnnmnmlmmumnmnmmmnnmmmlsl





CHAPTER XXV.





We Understand Each Other.





MAY have staggered as I crossed



the room, but I accomplished the



feat unaided, each movement giv-

ing me renewed strength. The wood-

en bar fitted tightly into its grooves,

and, once firmly in place, left us se-

cure from any unexpected intrusion.

My brain cleared, and my gaze wan-

dered about the bare, squalid apart-

‘ment, as I swiftly reviewed our dan-

gerous position. Noreen had drawn

away from the body of the dead man,

and stood against the further log wall,

with face hidden in her hands. Cow-

an lay at full length, one arm thrown

across his eyes. It was hard for me

to conceive that the man was actually

dead, and I bent over him, touching

his flesh with my fingers to assure

myself. The ball had penetrated his

abdomen, and how the fellow ever

fought so fiercely after receiving that

death wound I can never understand.

I think that in his mad ferocity he

was scarcely aware that he was hurt

——his one overmastering desire being

to kill me. I turned him partly over,

and drew out from the inside pocket

of his blouse a handful of papers con-

cealed there. One was a buff packet,

which had been roughly torn open,

but which bore no inscription; the

others ordinary appearing letters ad-

dressed to Cowan. The latter I barely

glanced at, assuring myself they con-

tained nothing of special interest, but

examined the contents of the buff

packet with care, convinced that this

was the one taken from Major Har-

wood the night of his murder. . _



The packet contained several offic1al

papers emanting from General Ram-

say's headquarters. Two of these

related to army operations in western

Virgina, and the present distribution

of troops, requesting the dispatch

of another regiment of infantry to

help free the country from guerrillas.

There was also a personal letter from

Ramsay to McClellan giving more

intimate details, and a general rewew

of the situation, but the principal pa:

per was a carefully prepared list of

irregulars operating throughout the

mountain country, with names _of the

better known leaders, the estimated

strength of each separate gang, the

region in which they hid, and the

side they espoused, if any. This had

evidently been carefully prepared _by

some staff-officer, undoubtedly Major

Harwood himself, as the letter .re-

ferred to him as having been detailed

to such duty, and was full and com-

plete. I found therein this mention

of the Cowans: “Father and two sons;

probably control fifty or more men.

with headquarters near Union in

Green Briar Mountains; raid indis-

discriminately; have attacked our

forage trains; refuse to cooperate,

and continue to terrorize a large sec-

tion; raided Lewisburg before it was

occupied by troops, killing several,

and looting the shops. Is conSidered

the most dangerous gang operating

in Green Briar and Monroe Counties;

reports of atrocities received almost

daily, many too hideous to repeat.



I glanced up at Noreen, and her

eyes met mine inquiringly. ..



“Is this your father’s handwriting?

I asked, holding the paper toward her.



“Yes; what is it? important?”



“Not very complimentary to Cowan

here. A report to General Halleck,

at Washington, of coditions in West-

ern Virginia. I wonder how the old

villain ever learned that such a paper

was being forwarded?”



“It is not likely he did,” she ans-

wered thoughtfully. “It may have

been mere accident which put the

document in his hands. See, here is

a letter that father wrote,” and she

stooped and picked it up from the

floor, uttering an exclamation of sur-

prise. “Why, it—it is addressed to

Ned Cowan at Union! What could he

have written this man about?"



“Let me see,” and I took it from her

hands. “We mav find here an expla-





 





nation of the whole affair."





It was a single sheet, very formal in



expression, as though the writer mere-

ly performed a duty which he consid-

ered unpleasant but necessary. He

acknowledged receipt of a communica-

tion reaching him at Ramsay’s head-

quarters, apparently an application for

pardon, and a pledge to unite with the

Federal forces, and stated that the

writer would be at the Minor house

near Hot Springs at a certain date,

where he would be glad to confer

further regarding the matter. He

agreed to come unattended, and sug-

gested that his visitor use the name of

Taylor so as to prevent any suspicion.

The closing paragraph referred to a

former misunderstanding between

them, and expressed a kindly desire to

blot out all memOry of what had oc‘

curred. My hands trembled as I read

the lines, and the girl at my side cried

softly, her eyes so filled with tears I

doubt if she could distinguish the

words. Scarcely aware of the action

I held her with my arm, the letter

crumpled between my fingers.

' “It is all clear enough now, little

girl,” I whispered, my voice trembling

from sympathy. “Your father met his

death at the hands of a treacherous

scoundrel. It was a plot carefully con-

ceived, and now Cowan has paid the

penalty. I am glad we have learned

the truth; but Major Harwood would

never wish you to mourn here in the

midst of all this danger—you are

listening?”



“Yes; I will do just as you say; but

—but I cannot remain here in pres-

ence of this man’s body. It—it will

drive me insane.”



“It will be best to go; safer, I think

also, for Anse and his gang may re

turn here. There would be no mercy

shown us in such a case. Sit here a

moment,” and I forced her upon a

stool with her back to the dead man,

“while I search for food. I can trust

you alone?”



Her hands clung to me, but she was

no longer crying, although unshed

tears dimmed her eyes.



“I—I thank God,” she faltered.

“that he sent you to me. I could not

bear all this alone."



“I am glad you care to have me

here,” I answered eagerly. “I was

half afraid you did not.”



“Oh, but I do; I cannot tell you all

it means. I—~I think I have never felt

more helpless, or—or discouraged.”



“It is the strain of so much occur-

ring at once, and you are worn out.

We will get away from here, some

where back into the hills where we

can feel safe from discovery. Then

we can rest all day, and you will be

all right again. We need sleep and

food.”



I released her hands gently, and be-

gan a swift search of the cabin. It

did not require long to explore the

single room, and I found all we re-

quired in a big box beside the bunk.

What I could conveniently tranSport

was pressed into a clean bag, and I

also took possession of a quilt to add

to her comfort. I left Cowan lying

just as he had fallen, seeing little use

in attempting to conceal the body.

Both of us were glad enough when we

closed the door of the shack, and re-

turned to our horses. We rode on

steadily for an hour, only occasionally

exchanging a word. The road was

rough and mountainous, so rocky un-

derfoot our horses left no' trail. At

last we came to a narrow ravine down

which a brook plunged over a stony

bed. There was no trail visible, but

it was possible to advance some dis-

tance by keeping close to the bank. I

dismounted and, holding to the rein,

led my horse carefully forward.



“F'ollow as closely as you can,” I

called back to her ,“and keep at the

rock edge so as to leave no trail.”



For a hundred yards, or more, we

experienced no difficulty, the stream

turning to the right, and following the

same direction as the pike we had de-

serted. The forest growth between,

however, left the latter invisible.

Then the stream veered suddenly to

another point of the compass, and the





trees so obstructed the bank that I

led the way down into the water. It

must have been a above this

point—a mile of hard, slow travel, the

water to my knees, and the rocks be-

low treacherous—when I ventured to

climb the bank, and seek a suitable

spot for our day camp. A safer place

surely could not have been found. We

were in a narrow defile, scarcely fifty

feet across, and guarded on either side

by high rock walls, precipitous, and

exhibiting no sign of a trail. The

woods were open, yet sumciently thick

to yield good cover from observation

from above, and there was sufficient

grass for the horses. I picketed these

close to the stream, and spread blank-

ets for the lady to lie on at the foot

of the bluff, where she would be well

screened by a thicket of underbrush.

Then I came back to where she sat

silently against the hole of a large

tree, watching my movements.





“No doubt we are Safe enough

here," I said, opening the pack. “But

I’ll not risk a fire; you can eat, I sup-

pose?”



.“I hardly know,” wearily. “Per-

haps I can choke a little food down;

but really I am not hungry. How far

have we come?



“As a mere guess I should say near-

ly ten miles since leaving the cabin.

By the sun it must be nine o’clock.

Eat what you can, and then lie down

on the blankets and rest. We will

not leave here until just before dark.”



“And you?”



“Oh, I may doze later if there is no

alarm; I shall never be far away.”



She ate the coarse food daintily, ap-

parently without appetite, but I did

full justice to the meal, satisfied, for

the time being, at least, that we were

securely hidden. The horses munched

at the sweet grass behind us, and a

ray of sunshine found way through

the leaves overhead, and lay in bar of

gold across her hair. In spite of her

long vigil the girl’s face bore few

marks of fatigue, and her eyes, occa‘

sionally lifted to meet mine, were not

heavy with sleep. I endeavored to

talk, to speak lightly on inconsequen-

tial topics, but her brief responses

were not encouraging. There was a

strange constraint between us,

finally, hoping to make her feel more

at ease, I ventured to breach the sub-

ject which I knew must be also upper-

most in her mind.





“It is an odd situation in which we

find ourselves,” I began awkwardly,

my eyes on the ground, “but I hope

you~—you will not feel embarrassed, or

——or fail to have complete confidence





in me. I—-I have no wish to take any

advantage; or—Gr assume any au-

thority.”





I stopped, unable to express the

thing I desired to say, and the silence

seemed long. I lifted my eyes, and

she was looking at me.



“May I ask one question?”



“A dozen.”



“No, the one is all. You really be«

lieved those who attacked us were

Cowan’s men?"



“I had no other thought, Noreen.”



“Then your proposal was merely

made in the hope of thus protecting

me from insult?”



“That was my sole thought at the

time,” I replied. “It was a desperate

chance, yet the only one apparently

left us. That is What I wanted to say,

to explain,” I went on hastily, before

she could interrupt. “I realize the

serious mistake made, and how embar-

rassing it must all be to you. But

you must believe me a gentleman. I

would never have spoken one word;

never have made any claim upon you.

Miss Noreen, I realize that I have no

right.”



“You may call me Noreen,” she said

simply. “We have been friends, and

I think we will always be. I do trust

you, and believe in you; only I want-

ed to understand fully your motive. I

do not blame you, nor myself; we did

what seemed best at the time, and——

and now we must meet the issue as

we best can. Perhaps I should not

have said what I did back there in

Lewisburg. I had no time in which

to consider, and my only thought then

was to justify my action in aiding

your escape. My—my being your—

your wife was the only excuse I could

urge for such disloyalty. Surely you

—»you comprehended my purpose?”



“And appreciate the sacrifice.”



“It—it was hardly that; no more

than a swift impulse. I——I did not ev—

en grasp all that it might imply. I

knew I must aid you; that I could do

less; but—but I did not realize then

that such a choice meant that I must

flee with you—put myself in your pro

tection. I——I intended to stay there——

there in Lewisburg, and rely upon my

friends to save me from punishment.”

She leaned across toward me, speak‘

ing rapidly. “I knew General Ram-

say, and felt he would accept my word

—the word of Major Harwood’s daugh—

ter—and me just. But—but after we

were free; after that soldier was left

dead; I—I seemed to grasp the ser-

iousness of my position, and—and be-

came afraid. I—J wanted so to get





and, ,





away, 1- hardly, knew my own mind.

That was why I insisted on riding

with you.” . . , .



“And now you are sorry?”



“l—do not know,” hesitatingly. “I

can?not decide. Where do you take

me.” .



“Noreen,” I said soberly, struggling

to keep my hand from touching her

own, where it rested on the grass, “it

is too late now to go back; to think

of going back. We cannot deny, or

conceal, our marriage, since you have

openly acknowledged it, and we have

gone away together. There is only

one straight path left for us now—

across the mountains to old Virginia."



“I——I know—and then?”



“You must trust my honor, my dis-

cretion. We are friends, you say, and

I mean to prove worthy. My orders

will take me to Richmond; have you

either friends, or relatives there?”



“I am not sure, the war has made

such changes—but I hardly think any

in whom I could confide.”



“Then we will find a way for you to

join my mother; she is in North Car-

olina, out of the track of armies. You

will consent to go to her?”



“If you think it best. 1—1 have nev-

er met your mother; perhaps—"



“You will be just as welcome; I will

write her every detail, and she will be

rejoiced to shelter you. The only

trouble is the necessary delay involv~

.ed by the war; the impossibility of

your venturing to return to Green

Briar until the conflict is over.”



She was silent a long while, her

eyes cast down, her breathing notice-

ably rapid. I waited, not knowing

what else to add, and was about to

propose her lying down, when she

spoke suddenly.



“You mean our—our separation?"



“Certainly. That can be easily ar-





ranged as soon as the courts are again >





in session. Possibly the ceremony was

not even legal without witnesses, but,

under the circumstances, it had better

be dissolved in court. Such action

would remove all doubt from your

mind?"



“Yes——I suppose so; you—you make

it very clear. And that would have to

be done in Green Briar—the—the ac-

tion for divorce?”



“At Lewisburg; not necessarily, of

course, but I supposed you would

rather have the facts made known

there, so that your friends can realize

all the conditions—the cause, I mean.

Possibly you may not need to do

this.”



“Not need! Why?”



“A soldier never knows what anoth<

er minute means; I am a soldier."



“Oh! you should not say that!"



“It is part of the trade; I had no

thought of hurting you, yet the bullet

to set you free may be‘even now in a

Federal cartridge box.”



She did not look at me, or move, al-

though I thought the hand resting on

the grass trembled.



“I believe I will lie down," she said

finally. “Is that the place you have

chosen, beyond those trees?”



“Yes; let me help you up; the blank-

ets are both yours. I shall not need

any."



I stood and watched her move

across through the mingled shade and

sun, until her slender form finally dis-

appeared behind the screen of under-

growth. Once she had glanced about,

pausing as though some thought had

occurred suddenly, but did not speak.

I was left alone.





 





CHAPTER XXVI.





 





The Cane Ridge Meeting House,





HE spot where Noreen lay was



not fifty feet distant, but my



position gave me no glimpse of

her through the tangled brush. Yet

the woods were clearer on either side

of the little thicket in which she was

sheltered, so that nothing could ap-

proach from any direction, and escape

my notice. I had no wish to sleep, al~

though physically wearied and bruised

almost from head to foot. There was

no rest to my brain; no driving away

of the thoughts engendered by this in-

terview. Whatever of hope I had for-

merly clung to had been banished ut-

terly by this last fragment of conver-

sation. I had been frank, and pictur-

ed before her the entire situation;

had outlined the only sure way of es-

cape—and she had silently acquiesced.

She had spoken no word of protest,

expressed no faint desire to have it

otherwise. She had even confessed

that her accompanying me in flight

arose from sudden impulse; that she

had been driven onward by fear of

what might befall her if she remained

behind. The girl cared nothing for me

beyond a mere colorless friendship,

her sole ambition now was a desire to

reach the protection of others, and

then dissolve the slight, formal bonds

which bound us. The position she as-

sumed left me small choice; I must

crush within me the love I felt; for

the slightest conception of its exist-

ence would add to her embarrassment,

and render more unpleasant our nec~

essary companionship. I felt confident
AUG? 28, 1915.





 





T H s 'M rcrH-ro A N "Fain Iv: E R





 





she had no suspicion; I'had uarded

well my words and actions. 8 had

no cause to question my motives, nor

to suppose that .I was actuated by any

personal desire. Her answers to my

proposition proved that, for she had

voiced no protest, given vent to no ex-

pression which I could construe fav-

orably. No; our further relationship

was already fixed, decided—it was to

be that of simple friendship.





I sat there a long while motionless,

my back pressed against a tree, think-

ing, and endeavoring to plan the fu-

ture. Nothing disturbed the silence,

except the movements of the two

horses as they grazed, and the impu-

dent chatter of a squirrel overhead.

The sky above was cloudless, and the

sunlight fell warm through the tree

branches. The Dike road was too far

away for any noise of passing travel-

ers to reach my ears, although once I

imagined I heard the report of a dis-

tant rifle. I must have dozend, for the

sun was high overhead when I finally

aroused myself, and arose to my feet.

I watered the animals, and then seat-

ed myself again, this time on a flat

stone beside the stream. My position

afforded me a. clear view of the bluff

opposite, as I idly studied its

rock outline, it somehow assumed a

fami iar appearance—~awoke uncon-

sciously a dormant memory. Surely I

had never been here before, even in

the days of my boyhood’s vagrant

tramping, and yet that terraced crest,

with the huge rock chimney rising

conspicuous at its center, revived a

recollection that would not be entire-

ly denied. I had seen it before, but

from another angle—from the south;

from that hillside, perhaps, where the

creek headed. y, yes; there was a

spring gushing out of the rocks, and

the opening of a shallow cave back of

it. I was there with my father, and

Jake Mocroft, the sherifi. They were

hunting deer, and I had begged so to

be taken along that they finally let

me come. And Jake shot a deer just

above the spring, and we camped

there at the cave entrance; why that

was fifteen years ago, and I was only

nine: and the men were both dead.

But I remembered—it all came back

again clear and distinct—the rough

trail from the spring, winding and

twisting along the face of the steep

hill until it finally attained the crest,

and skirted the odd chimney rock, and

then down to where a church stood

alongside the pike, a big log church,

with hitching racks each side. Why,

that was Cane Ridge Baptist—Nich-

ol’s church!



I do not know why I laughed, but I

did—perhaps it was from sudden re-

lief at thus discovering exactly where

we were, and seeing clearly the easier

Way out. The sound of a foot stepping

on a. round stone caused me to face

about. Noreen was within a few feet

of me, higher up on the bank, one

hand holding back the bough of a.

tree.



“Why were you laughing?” she ask-

ed. “I thought you had gene until I

heard that sound.”



“Deserted you! never! I am not

that kind of a cavalier. Why, I pro-

test I watched over you faithfully for

hours while you slept, never even ven-





. turing to move from the spot where





I swear it!”





you left me.

but surely this is





“And I believe;

not the spot.”



“No; the sun was high, and I ven-

tured to water the horses; then I lin—

gered, studying the ridge over yonder.

Do you recognize it?”



She gazed where I pointed, shading

her eyes from the sun, her forehead

drawn into puckers. At last she shook

her head, her glance seeking my face

inquiringly.



“It awakens no memory.”



“Because of the point of view. If

you were at the top you would remem-

ber. I studied it a long while before

I recognized the place myself. I had

to laugh when the truth finally came

to me; that is Cane Ridge.”



“Where the Baptist church is?”



“Exactly; where Parson Nichols

points out to his congregation the

straight and narrow way. There is a

bridle-path yonder leading up from the

valley, which will save us a five mile

detour. But it means we are still. in

Cowan’s country, and to climb there

with horses Will require the use of

daylight.”



“You think Anse—”



"Is probably back before this, and

doing his best to trail us. Even if he

does not discover the body of old Ned,

he will naturally conclude we will

head east. My only hope is that not

having seen us last night he may

doubtless he would send some of his

men scouting this way.”



“You have heard—seen nothing?”



“No, we are too far back; the noise

of an army passing along the pike

would not reach here. If we get to

Cane Ridge Church before dark, we

must trust to luck, and the night for

the next thirty miles.”



“You fear Cowan’s gang more than

the troops? Surely they will pursue?”



“No doubt; Pickney will be raving,





and Raymond crazy to get hands on me. .

Ay! there will be some galloping

troopers. I should have had to see

Fox’s face when he heard the news;

by heavens! they are like enough to

c arge him with conspiracy, for he

was officer of the day. However, I do

not greatly fear them; they will make

noise enough to warn us, and couldn’t

track a bear. It is the mountain men

we must guard against; they are

wolves. You slept well?"





“After the first hour. I am rested,

and strong. Shall we go now?”



“When we have eaten. There may

be no other opportunity, and there is

ample time. You might even sleep

another hour."





“Oh, no, I could not,” and she gave

a gesture significant. “It was only

complete exhaustion that gave me

sleep before. I would rather feel We

were making way through the cordon

of our enemies.”





“I am glad you say ‘our.’ ”



“I can scarcely do otherwise, sir,"

she said, just a bit archly, “for does

not this cloak make me a ‘gray-

back?’ ”



“You wear the colors; ay! with not

a tinge of blue about you.”



"You forget the eyes; all my loyalty

is centered there.”



"I have not forgotten them, and nev-

er shall,” I contended stoutly, “but I

have met blue-eyed Rebels. Besides

loyalty is not all upon one side; I

even lay claim to that virtue."





(Continued next week).





THE LOST ROAD TO BOYVILLE.





 





BY ALONZO RICE.



0 little road I traVeled in the days of

long ago,



It led through summer’s roses, win-

ter’s sanctity of snow!



By some ill luck I lost it among broad

thoroughfares,



And daily now my mind is vexed and

burdened down with cares.



0 lost little road!





It wound through shady places and

there were singing birds,



It climbed a hill of mild ascent and

there were grazing herds; '



Now often at the twilight hour when

all is hushed and still,



I can hear the sweet bird voices and

the tinkle on the hill.



0 dear little road!





 





Then by a cot, and through the gate,

a lass with deep blue eyes



And sun-bright locks looked out at me

in innocent surprise:



Oh, little road wind round again andI

let me stop and see 1



If that fair dweller by your side isl

waiting still for me!



O kind little road!





Down to a little river with its step-



ping-stones across, ,



If I could find the river—but again I'm a



at a loss— ;



I’d wander up and down its banks and I



surely I could find, '



The place for which I’m seeking, thatl

is ever in my mind.



That lost little road! ‘





 





If only now at nightfall I could strike

the well-known trail



And see with glad, expectant eyes the



home-light down the vale, ,-



I know my slumbers once again by‘



sweet dreams would be blest, l



That only comes on pillows by amothw



er’s fond hand prest!



O dear little road!





I've sought for it by light of sun and

by May’s magic moon,



Have risen early to the quest and yet

before the noon



My weary feet have faltered on the

stony road that wound



In strange and unknown places, and I

have never found



That lost little road!





Each sign-post I have gazed at, ques-

tioned persons on the way:



A merry youth made answer as he

sang a roundelay,



“The place that you are seeking, sir,

is very near at hand.”



The next, a grey-beard, answered, “It

is in a foreign land.”



That far little road!





“Beyond the Alps lies Italy,” but high-

er far than these,



More diflicult of crossing than all the

world’s wide seas,



Are the barriers that keep my feet



. . from out that magic land,



Within Whose pales of sweet content



I nevermore may stand!

0 lost little road!





But I shall find the trail again my

. my early footsteps trod,



Wlthin a fairer region, close by the

throne above,



Where I can cing in gladness as oft

I’ve cried in tears,



As I lay down the burden I have borne



through all the years,





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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L” 33" ..:::.l:.z “art-t " ‘ " ' i ”’ ' -"





 





 





 





If a Giant Cut the Wires





Suppose all telephones were

silent, and that for forty—oi ht





hours you could not even ca a

telephone exchange anywhere in

the BellSystcm to ask what the

trouble Was!





Imagine the confusion which

would preVail— with

visits and messenger: su stituted

for direct, instant communication;

with sideWalks, street cars and

elevators jammed; with every

old-fashioned means of commu-

nication pressed into service

all of them combined unable to

carry the load.





The instant contact of mer-

chant with customer, of physician

with atient, of friend with friend,

woul be severed; the business

man and the housewife would

lose the minutes and hours the

telephone saves them. The eco-

nomic loss would be incalculable.





There would not be‘ time

enough to do the thin we are





accustomed to do, an social as





well as business life would be

paralyzed



Such a condition is eluted in-

conceivable. The Bell System has

develo ed telephone service to

the llngleSt degree of usefulness

and made it so reliable that its

availability is never questioned.

It has connected cities, towns and

the remotest places from coast to

coast, and has taught the people

the advantages of nation-wide

telephone facilities.





Plans are made, buildin 3 built

and businesses run wit Bell

Service taken for granted, and

yet we have to imagine what

it would mean to be entirely

without telephones before the

great value of this ever—present

service can really be appreciated.





AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY

,AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES





One Policy





One System





_ Universal Service





 





new.





190/ .





iousness for





that everyone welcomes for its simple, pure

sameness.





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{Carbonated in bottles—ht stands and in grand





 

 

 





whole-





‘1 Demand the genuine by full name—

nicknames encourage substitution.





ATLANTA. GA.





 





. ' I

“ ' Ride AGENTS I led

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b “IMOII” bicycle. Wriuo for our liberal term» on

a sample to Introduce.

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, PAOYOIV OLIMIM ml—a limited

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' A low lid-hurl wheels, taken in Ludo





 

 

 





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“A I LL I





 





When writing to advertisers

please mention the Michi—

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THE MICHIGA‘N FARMER’





 





AUG. 28, 19915.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





CARE OF THE BABY IN SUMMER.





 





A baby may be made uncomfortable

and restless by various causes which

are readily removed. Attention has

often been called to the fact that ha-

bies and young children frequently

suffer from thirst. They should be of-

fered a drink of water several times a

day, and particularly in hot weather.

When a baby cries in the night, a

drink will often quiet him, and send

him to sleep.



Irritating clothing is at times re-

sponsible for the baby’s fretfulness.

Woolen socks, or shirts, or stiff cap

strings are quite enough to spoil his

comfort, even if he is well, and, in hot

weather especially, a superabundance

of clothing is frequently responsible

for much real suffering.



' Prickly Heat.———One of the troubles

from which a baby often suffers in

summer is prickly heat. This ailment

appears as a fine red rash, usually on

the neck and shoulders, and gradually

spreads to the head, face and arms. It

is caused by overheating, due either

to the hot weather or to the fact that

the baby is too warmly dressed. The

rash comes and goes with the heat,

and causes intense itching. The rem-

edy for it is to take off all the cloth-

ing and give the baby a sponge bath

in tepid water in which common bak-

ing soda has been dissolved. Use one

tablespoonful of soda’ to two quarts of

water. Use no soap, and do not rub

the skin, but pat it dry with a soft

towel. After the skin is thoroughly

dry, dust the inflamed surfaces with a

plain talcum powder. This ailment,

like all others, is more readily pre-

vented than cured. Frequent cool

baths, very little clothing, simple food

and living in cool rooms, or in the op—

en air will probably save the summer

baby from much of the annoyance of

prickly heat and other serious ills.



Chafing—Fat babies are very apt to

suffer from chafing, especially in hot

weather. It appears as a redness of

the skin in the buttocks or in the arm-

pits, or wherever two skin surfaces

persistently rub together. Much the

same treatment is required as in prick-

ly heat. Never use soap on an inflam—

ed skin. Instead use a soda, bran or

starch bath. Directions for these baths

are given in a publication called “In-

fant Care,” which may be had, free of

charge, by addressing a request to

the Chief of the Children’s Bureau, U.

S. Department of Labor, VVasbington,

D. C. .



Great care should be taken not to

let the baby scratch the skin, when it

is irritated. Sift together two parts of

powdered cornstarch, and one part

boric acid, and use it freely on the

chafed places. Remove ,wet or soiled

diapers at once. \Vash and dry the

flesh thoroughly, then dust the powder

freely between the legs.



Milk Crust.——This is a skin disease

affecting the scalp, in which yellow-

ish, scaly patches appear on the

baby’s head. These patches should be

softened by annointing them with

olive oil or vaSeline at night, and the

head washed with warm water and

castile soap in the morning. If the

crust does not readily come away, re-

peat the process until the scalp is

clean. Never use a fine comb nor. the





finger nails to remove the crusts, as

the slightest. irritation of the skin will

cause the disease to spread further.

The scales will usually disappear after





“6mm an?)





> At Home ant) Elsewlj ere





 





 





 





 





 





er #





‘ cede





 





 





 





 





 





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A Right Time to Drink





HYSICIANS generally recognize

P two seasonal forms of diseases,



those of the respiratory organs,

which begin in the fall and last

through the cool weather, and hot

weather diseases, or diseases of the

digestive organs.



The hot weather diseases are usual-

ly laid to the habit of eating too much

fruit, particularly green fruit.

while this has much to do with a great

deal of sickness in summer, there is

another little recognized cause, that

of drinking too much cold water or

iced drinks of any sort.



The excessive heat causes rapid

evaporation of the moisture of the

body by perspiration, and consequent

thirst results. The average individual

satisfies this craving by copious

drinks of water as cold as it can be

gotten, under the mistaken idea that

the water must be cold to satisfy

thirst. As a matter of fact, the cold

water only causes greater thirst. It

first chills the walls of the digestive

tract, then inflames them by the reac-

tion, and a craving for more cold wa-

ter to allay the burning results. Many

people have frequently read that the

body demands a great deal of water

to “flush it,” and create a desire for a

great deal of water by forcing them-





And ,





selves to drink freely until a diseased

thirst is created. The body demands

a certain amount of liquid, but this

liquid can as well be taken warm as

cold, and in hot weather is better

warm, as taken this way there is not

so much danger of drinking too much.



Thin, anaemic people and those suf-

fering from indigestion are better to

have their drinks warm. The shock

to the internal organs from drinking

a great deal of cold water is as great

as a cold bath to these feeble individu-

als. It would be a good rule for every-

one who is not strong and vigorous to

take none but warm drinks. Ice cream,

as it is usually eaten slowly and with

cake or other unchilled foods, may be

more safely taken by anaemic people

than the cold drinks.



To drink or not to drink at meals is

a question much argued by all who

pay any attention to hygiene. It is

well to remember that nature design-

ed saliva to moisten and digest the

starchy food, and that if we wash each

mouthful down with a draught of wa—

ter, tea or coffee, the food will not be

properly digested. A great deal of

solid foods, unrelieved by any drink,

however, is unpalatable too many, so

it is well to serve the drink at the end

of the meal. Dknonnn.





llIlllIllIll|lllllllllliillllllllllllllilllll[llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll.‘|lllllllllll||IIHIIHllllllIllllllllIt1Hlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||I|ltllllllIIIHIIIllIllllllllllllltlIIIIHIIIIIIIHHHIIIHIIllllltlllllllllHlllllllIlllllllllltlll





a few days of careful treatment.



Constipation—If the baby does not

have at least one full bowel movement

in 24 hours or in 36 at the outside, he

is in need of such care as will bring

about this result. Breast-fed babies

often respond to an increased supply

of laxative food in the mother’s diet.

If this is not sufficient, a six-months’

old baby may have a tablespoonful of

strained orange juice between two of

his morning feedings. Bottle-fed ba-

bies may have fruit juice in the same

way and thin oatmeal gruel may be

substituted for barley water in making

up the feedings, after the baby is four

months old.



Perhaps the best preventive of con-

stipation is to teach the baby to move

the bowels at the same hour every

day. This training should be begun

when the baby is three months old,

and should be faithfully continued un-

til the habit is firmly established. Not

only does this practice establish in

the baby from the beginning of his

life a custom which will greatly in-

crease his chances for good health,

but results in an enormous saving of

work to the mother. She no longer

finds herself confronted with a pile of

soiled diapers to wash, but instead

gives 15 minutes of careful attention

to the baby each morning.



Direction for carrying out this train-

ing are given in the pamphlet on In-

fant Care, already mentioned. Do not

use enemas for the relief of constipa-

tion save in emergencies, and do not

resort to purgative medicines except

with the doctor’s advice.—~—U. S. De-

partment of Agriculture.





LET CHEERFULNESS ABOUND.





 





BY JULIA RAMSEY DAVIE.

Cheerfulness is an essential quality

to right and wholesome living, which

fact none will deny. But its acquire~

ment is in most cases a matter of se-





vere discipline before it is really defi-

nite and dependable. It is much more

easy to indulge, or. exhibit, than to

conceal, the discontent and unhappi-

ness lurking within. So when the soul

is literally sick with the irritating

concerns and duties lying in wait, it

may help to keep in mind the beauti-

ful prayer, so oft quoted, of Robert

Louis Stevenson:



“The day returns and brings with it

the petty rounds and irritating con-

cerns and duties. Help us to play the

man. Help us to perform them with

laughter and kind faces. Let cheer-

fulness abound with industry. Give

us to go blithely about our business

all this day, and bring us to our rest-

ing beds, weary and content and un-

dishonored, and at the end grant us

the gift of sleep.”





THE LETTER BOX.





 





The Youngest Speaks.



I have read very carefully what the

“Grown—up Daughter” has had to say.

This has been one of the first articles

of this department that I have read

and I was much interested in the

“spiel,” as it was termed.



The talk about father drew my at-

tention and it is here that I shall

pause for a few moments. We, I don’t

say father, have not been satisfied

with the hay-loader, etc., but have an

auto and expect in the next two or

three years to purchase a gas tractor.

The house, in which we live so hap-

pily, is one that dates back to the

“forties,” having scarcely any remod-

eling, with now and then a small hole

in the roof, allowing the rain to drip

down and compelling us to seek dry

quarters. We are on a farm of some

200 acres and are as contented as we

can expect to be. 'I, cannot criticise

“father,” He has things which worry

him more than we know, so I believe

that when we are. old enough to take





 





care ‘of ourselves, we should be more

considerate in our “whims.”





And, too, before we demand what we

want, it might be well for us to con-'

sider the financial condition of affairs.

Possibly it may be more complicated

than we suppose. Perhaps father does

not feel able to do remodeling, do up-

to-date plumbing, install a. lighting

plant, etc. If circumstances permit

and we know we can afford the above

fixtures, then all is well. But most

fathers have something else in mind

to do. Possibly he may have other

daughters or sons besides the “grown-

up” who must have their start in life.

All of that demands the hard-earned

coin of father.





So, in my way of thinking, I con»





sider it would be wise to weigh well

the above before issuing an ultimatum

on the “old folks.” It is true, I must

admit, that we all cannot think alike

and it is as well we do not, for the

old world would be altogether too har-

monious if we did—“Baldy,” Linden,

Mich.





 





HOME QUERIES.





 





Household Editorz—I have moved

into a house where there are bed bugs

and would like to know what to do to

get rid of them. I have used gasoline.

turpentine and coal-tar disinfectant

and have failed to kill them.—V. I. P.

4 Riley and Johannsen in their book

of Medical Entomology recommend

fumigation for severe infestation as

follows: “The simplest and safest

method of fumigation is by the use of

flowers of sulphur at the rate of two

pounds to each 1,000 cubic feet of

room space. The sulphur should be

placed in a pan, a well made in the

top of the pile and a little alcohol

poured in, to facilitate burning. The

whole should be placed in a larger

pan and surrounded by water so as to

avoid all danger of fire. Windows

should be tightly closed, beds-closets

and drawers opened and bedding

spread out over chairs in order to ex-

pose them fully to the fumes. As

metal is tarnished by the sulphur

fumes, ornaments, clocks, instruments

and the like should be removed. When

all is ready the sulphur should be

fired, the room tightly closed and left

for 12 to 24 hours. Still more efficient

in large houses, or where many hiding

places favor bugs, is fumigation with

hydrocyanic gas. This is a deadly poi-

son and must be used under rigid pre-

cautions. Fumigation with formalde-

hyde gas, either from liquid or ‘solid’

formalin, so efficient in the case of

contagious diseases, is useless against

bed-bugs and most other insects.”





To keep fruit pies from running ov-

er I tear a'sheet of soft waxed butter

paper into three strips, wring them

carefully out of water and wrap them

around the edge of pie, leaving upper

edge. rather loose and putting under

edge down close. Pull off while pie is

hot or the paper will stick. This is

far more sanitary than a cloth, besides

being more convenient. Be sure there

are plenty of airholes in the upper

crust and wet edge of lower crust be-

fore putting upper one on. Sprinkle a

little flour all around next to edge be-

fore putting Cover crust on.—M.'K.



Mix well one cake 'of white soap,

dissolved.in two gallons cf water and

add three drops of lemon oil. Sprinkle

this over your garden—J. J. O’C.
l





 





§l| ..





AUG. 28, 1915.





HIWWWMWWWH





Grange.





WWHWMIUHWMNMWW



MAKING THE HOME ATTRACTIVE.

Paper read by. Mrs. Fred Graham



before Schoolcraft Pomona Grange:



Our aim has ever been to make our

home the most enjoyable place for its

members and with this in view, we

should spare no pains ,nor expense to

achieve that end.



Speaking from experience, I can say

that every hour and every dollar ex-

pended in making the home more at-

tractive and comfortable is time and

money well spent.



How often we hear farmers remark

that they would make such and such

changes or repairs around the house if

they only had the time, but it takes

all their time to make a living and

they can not see where these improve-

ments would bring them in anything.





Scores of farmers are toiling hard

from one week’s end to another striv-

ing to own more stock or more land,

or to increase the bank account, while

the home and its surroundings are al-

lowed to go undone. The wife and

mother must toil incessantly and deny

herself every luxury and even many

of the real necessities in order to save

or lay by for old age.



Of course, all of these things are

good and proper to think of, but we

should stop and consider that it is

easy to overdo the matter and that in

so doing many of us are cheating our-

selves out 'of the present blessings,

which some little comforts and pleas-

ures would bring into our lives.





Surely, the giver of all good, intend-

ed us to enjoy life, there is no need in

working so hard or ceaselessly, with-

out rest or comfort, for the chances

are that by so doing we shorten our

days on earth, so that we may never

live to see the beautiful old age which

we have labored and hoped for. '





Arrange your work so that you can

have a half a day each week to call

your own. Take time to get acquaint-

ed with your family and show that you

have an interest in your children and

their pleasui es.



Besides all the comforts and pleas-

ures to be derived from such a plan

keeping the home in order will impart

to your place a more proper appear-

ance and add dollars to its cash value

in the estimation of prospective buy-

ers in case you desire to sell, but best

of all it renders home life on the farm

more attractive. It keeps your chil-

dren from straying into paths that are

not good. There are hundreds of little

inexpensive ways of adding to the at-

tractiveness of the farm, even when

we haven’t the means for more elab-

orate improvements.





lllllllllllllllllllllllilllll

lllllllIllllllllllllllllllll "





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





 





The Recent Pomona Program at

North Leoni was attended by 300 who

braved a steady downpour to be pres-

ent at what is pronounced the best

meeting in the history of Jackson

County Pomona Grange. Delegates

from eight Granges were present and

the large audiences listened to three

interesting sessions. Mayor William

Sparks, Paul A. Leidy, of the Chamber

of Commerce, and W. B. Burris, secre-

tary of the Jackson County Fair, fea-

tured with interesting talks. Mrs.

Dora Stockman, lecturer of the State

Grange, captivated the audience in the

evening by her treatment of the topic,

“County and Rural Development.” At

the banquet Mrs. Wm. Sullivan, of

Hanover, presided as toastmistress,

which she did in a characteristically

happy vein.





COMING EVENTS.





 





Trowbridge Grange, of Allegan Co.,

is to hold a Grange hally at Emerson

Lake on August 28. State Master

Ketcham is to speak, also Prof. Bru-

man of Ann Arbor. There are to be

games, base ball, land and water

races. Everyone interested in the bet-

terment of rural life is invited to

come, with dinner basket, to enjoy a

day of profit and amusement.





 

 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





-’Jl





Elllll|lIlllIllIIMIWWHIMWWIlllllIlllllIlllllllllllllllllL. .





Farmers’ Clubs





ElllllllI”leIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllfl

OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSO-

CIATION OF FAR M ERS’ CLU BS.





President—R. J. Robb, Mason.



Vice~president——C. J. Reed, Spring

Arbor.



Secretary and Treasurer—Mrs. J. S.

Brown, Howell.



Directors—Alfred Allen, Mason; Jos-

eph Harmon, Battle Creek; C. B. Scul-

ly, Almont; C. T. Hamline, Alma; W.

K. Crafts, Grass Lake; Edward Burke,

St. Johns.



Address all communications relative

to the organization of new Clubs to

Mrs. J. S. Brown, Howell, Mich.





Associational Motto:



“The skillful hand with cultured

mind is the farmer’s most valuable

asset.” »





lllllllllllllllllllllU





'-Illll





 





 





 





Associational Sentiment:

“The Farmer: He garners from the

soil the primal wealth of nations.”





THE CLUB FAIR.





 





With the advent of the fair season

in Michigan the advisability of hold-

ing a Fariners‘ Club fair is a good

topic for discussion at an early meet-

ing of the local Club. The fact that

a considerable number of Clubs in the

state have held an annual event of

this kind for a number of years is

proof that it has proven beneficial to

the organization. If this has been

true of the many Clubs which have

held fairs it would doubtless prove

true in other Clubs which have not

tried the plan. To the end that a gen-

eral discussion of this kind may bring

out the advantages of the Club Fair in

a manner which will appeal to more

Club members throughout the state,

may we not hear from Club members

who have had experience in this de-

partment of Club work?





 





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 





Hold Annual Picnic.—The Indian-

fields Farmers’ Club held their annual

picnic at the home of Mr. and Mrs.

David Andrews, Thursday, August 12.

Mrs. Ami Terry with her helpers.

served a bountiful dinner at noon. A

very pleasmgr program of recitations,

songs and talks followed. The young

people of the Club are doing much to

make the programs each month more

interesting. Mrs. Arthur Calbeck fav-

ored the Club with an instrumental

solo and Herbert L. Cope ended the

program with one of his happy talks.



The Midsummer Meeting of the Col-

umbia Farmers’ Club was held at the

home of Mr. and Mrs. Judson Free—

man._Clarence Cook presided over the

meeting. Roll call was responded to

with quotations, also “Places I would

like to visit.” Rev. Livingston, of Ce-

ment City, favored the company with

a vocal solo, “Beautiful Isle of Some-

where,” and as an encore, “In the

Gleaming.” The subject of having an

eyhibit at the County Fair was con-

SJdcred and owing to the wet weather

leaving the grain in an unfavorable

condition, and other reasons, it was

demded to make no Club exhibit but

to make as much individual effort as

possible. Cards of thanks were read

from Mrs. Nash and the Pierce family

in appreciation of the flowers receiv-

ed. W. E. Randall acted as toast-

master in the absence of W. F. Raven

and Mrs. Edgar Halladay, of Clinton,

who gave “Old friends are best,” or

“What I have missed by being absent

from the Club.” Miss Helen Hewitt

gave a reading, “The young ’uns in

the home,” which was much enjoyed.

MISS Mae Crego told a story of “The

Apple Orchard.” Mrs. Effie Gary gave

a reading, “The starless crown.” Miss

Ayesha Raven told of her experience

in canning, using the canning appara-

tus from the M. A. Rev. Living-

ston told some amusing stories. Mrs.

Flora Vining responded to the toast,

"Our Club Friends," and spoke of

some. of the several home-coming

meetings of the Club and how much

they cemented the members as one

body. Miss Paulina Raven is to be

requested to give a demonstration at

the County Fair, the date to be made

Columbia Day and all members to be

present if possible. The program was

held on the pleasant lawn and all en.

joyed the occasion. Several out of

town members were present. Supper

was served indoors and all voted this

one of the happy meetings of the year'.





 





I am getting up a. special limited

party of people interested in the

business of farming to make this

trip under my personal escort, be-

cause I believe I can best prove to

you, by this method, what the

Santa Fe has so long been trying

to tell you about this country.





I want you to see the San Joa—

quin Valley and talk to the people

about the greater production per

acre, the balmy, healthful climate,

the year—round growing season.

You will be the guests of many

communities in Southern Califor-

nia and San Joaquin Valley. You

will be taken on auto trips to see

their farms, orchards and homes.

We have no land to sell. W'e just

want you to see and know Cali-





fornia.



Two Fairs—and C. L

Cald' ornia—



for One Fare. 2264 Railway





 





Go this fall—on the Santa F e Farmers’ Special—

spend two weeks seeing by auto the farms and

homes of Southern California and San Joaquin

Valley. Also take in the two‘great expositions at

San Diego and San Francisco.





Do this in company with a comfortable, sociable

party of rural folks who, like yourself, want to

inspect the home-making inducements of sunny

California. Take your wife along, too.





. Sea‘graves,

General Colonization Agent.

Atohison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry.,





 





Let me tell you at what small

cost this trip will be made. We

will live on our own special cars

most of the time, so saving hotel

bills. Go with us on the Santa Fe,

stop a. day at Grand Canyon and

return Santa Fe or any direct

route.





This party will leave Chicago

October 14, reach San Francisco

about October 30, and return from

there at your pleasure up to De-

cember 31. A second party will

leaV’e on (late to be announced

later. You’ll see rural California

as you could see it in no other

way. You’ll see the two great

world expositions. Also you’ll see

the Grand Canyon of Arizona.





 





Write me to-day

for itinerary,

particulars and rates.





Exchange, Chicago.





 





 





 





 





 





 





THE RATES ALL STEEL OIL TRACTOR

in the olden [rector on the market. Years of hard service

he- devcloped every detail and II is enlirely oul ol the ex-

perimental uuge. It I. A REAL TRACTOR and will "and

yeln of hard work. If you buy a BATES TRACTOR it

will last you along time. You won’t have to buy I new



. machine every spring.

NO CHAINS



The last Iorly yem in the manufacture of sell-propelled

mnchinen hm developed the positive Incl lhul chains lune

proven very unenlislaclory for lrnnsmilling the power of the

engine to the drive wheels and I dlrcd not hulltl a uncrm

wilh Ihi- cheap construction. TI'IE BATES ALL STEEL

OIL TRACTOR in prov-ded with POSITIVE STEEL

GEARS and no complete has been our uucceu with steel

ge-ring lhal we will Iurnieh I guarantee to replace all genre

that break for a period of five yearn, Iree ol charge.-



A FOUR WHEEL TRACTOR



My lrnclor hn [Our wheels and won't tip over Two large

wheel. with wide firm for driven Ind Iwo from wheels for

Ileetin . This Inn become 1 STANDARD WITH MAN-

UFAC URERS who have had lonf experience in building

cell-propelled machineu, lherelote, could not ask my cum





 





 





1mm." to accept a machine that 'u experimental. . n, .,-. - . .. . .-





 

 





downer“ - ‘





me To





SOLID FACTS



My tractor burns kerosene cqu-lly u well n gasoline. It

hm TWO SPEEDS Iorwerd and will draw heavy load: up

steep hills. II has a slow speed engine and will last a long

time. It has a cab to keeplhe lun end "in OH which in

appreciated by HUNDREDS OF OUR CUSTOMERS.

The plow carriage is connecled directly to (he lrlclov.

You can hack the plows into the comen ol the fence and

plow all ol the field. They operate independently and

Will do good -work in Ilony ground. One man can op-

erate the entire outfit.



All of our customers have found thin Hector very puc-

(icnl for hauling harvows on plowed ground in well n for

operating on muck land. Think how much you eon nve

by operating your buy baler, ensilage tuner, corn bunker,

etc, with my tractor. You can draw the machine from

one job to another, up steep hills and ovu bad roads.

Many of our customer: have 0 culed hay bolero ell Ivmter

and with [he WIDE DRIVER are able logolhmugh deep

mow and draw a hay bale: in u very practical way



2 sizes; 15 H. P. and 30 H. P. lot our catalog.





Bates firestorm

105 Bates Sh,





LANSiNG. MICB





 

 





 

   





 





 





lrL





   





 





 





The Guarantee Lime 6

Fertilizer Spreader





Write for low Sooner or later you will

prices and buy thi a c o in pl 8 l. e

{Yatnlog B. spreader. Why not now?





 

 

 





   





 





Will either spread evenly or now In rows. All regula-

tions can be made from seat. Comes full equipped with

all account-lee such as acre-mark. in Ioator. screen,

lid, seat, neckoyoke and double-trees. Write us TODAY.





The Guarantee Manufacturing 00.,

Dept. 352, Baltimore. Md.



AN Outside Grocery in good manufacturing town. Building



with living mol- 82.”. Stock and fixtures about 315%.





business nbo “0 or $70 per day. Will sell or trade for

knoll improved term.





 





Box l-828, Michigan Farmer, Detroit





'llllllllEllll anon SEED yum enemas:





productive, Winter Wheat. $1.50 per bushel, ten bush-

els or more, bags free. loan quantity. bagsfllo each. Gash

-,with order. ROGERS BROS.. Alpena. Michigan





RED WAVE SEED WHEAT





Highest Michigan record 55 bu. Cleaned and graded

by first class machinery. Write for sample and

prices. MARK P. KELLEY. Oxford, Michigan.





G

SEED WHEAT. ..§sé‘2.3:.’i?e-.§:;Z..Z:Y°- hm





no foul

seed. rye or smut. 1 bu. Backs free. Get prices





.65

In larger lots. FRANK BARTLETT. Dryden. Mich.





 





 





 





ROSEN_RYE. Best yielding rye ever discovered.

Will yield from 25 to 50 per cent more than common rye.

$1.50 per bu. A. D. GREGORY. R. No. 3, Ionia, Mich.





IlEll IIVE SEED VIIIEIT. 3hf,_b°“v‘v¥l"£“r3? $22;

and description. W. C. TA 0R, Milan. Mich.

Ilfigflill km} 2 ME; gogédnfiz1p§§l$$i 33;

u e C . o . a 00'“.

flicking o; “1.1%;qu Lake Farm." 9





 





 





 





VII-en writing advertisers meatle- Ilichlgan Far-er
170—14 "





.IIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHHIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIfl





Markets.





 





Fr;





ERIN“!IIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIII





IIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIlIlIIIIllIIllIIIIIIII|IIIII|||IIIIII|lIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIE

W EATH ER FOR ECAST.





 





For week beginning Wednesday,

August 25, for the region of the Great

Lakes, cool and generally fair weath-

er will prevail for several davs, .with

possible light frost Wednesday morn-

ing in exposed places. In- the Michigan

Peninsula during the second half of

the week, temperatures will rise.

with partly cloudy weather and with

probable showers over the upper lake

region.





 





GRAINS AND SEEDS.





 





August 24, 1915.





Wheat—Although weather condi-

tions have been unfavorable for the

threshing and gathering of the winter

wheat crop, prices have declined dur-

ing the past week, and the market ap~

pears weak at the lower level of val-

ues. The main reason ascribed by

the dealers is the promise ,of a very

large spring wheat crop. Besides,

millers are not taking the cash grain

and foreigners do not appear to be

anxious about the cereal. The trade

here also anticipates the early open-

ing of the Dardanelles and are using

this to keep prices down. Reports

also of a tightening of financial condi-

tions in Germany are leading dealers

to believe in the possibility of an

early ending of the European war.

Notwithstanding these factors, many

large holders of wheat continue to

hang'onto their supplies, making it

appear that these investors have con—

fidence in higher values later on. One

year ago No. 2 red wheat was quoted

at $1.04 per bushel. Quotations are

as follows:





No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. Sept

Wednesday . . . .1.12% 1.09% 1.12

Thursday ...... 1.11 % 1.08% 1.11

Friday ......... 1.10% 1.07% 1.09%

Saturday ...... 1.10 1.07 1.09

Monday . . .1.09 1.06 1.07%

Tuesday ....... 1.08 1.05 1.05



Chicago—September wheat 99.60





December 97.4c; May $1.01%. .

Corn.—The condition of the corn

crop has enabled this market to main-

tain steady prices in face of the de-

cline in wheat. The crop is backward

throughout the country and will re-

quire unusually favorable fall weath-

er to mature the ears. One year ago

No. 3 corn was quoted at 84340 per





bushel. Quotations are as follows:

No. 3 No. 3

Mixed. Yellow.

Wednesday ......... 81% 3%

Thursday ........... 81 % 83%

Friday ............. 82 84

Saturday ........... 82 84

Monday ............ 81% 83%

Tuesday ............ 81 831

Chicago.»—September corn 73.70,

December 63.30; May 64.50.





Oats—Oat values are higher than

a week ago. The new crop is suffer-

ing badly from the excessive rains.

In many sections scarcely a field has

been secured in good condition. The

receipts at local elevators are grading

very low, consequently the market for

the better grades is stronger than

that for inferior kinds. One year ago

standard cats were quoted at 470 per





bushel. Prices for the past week are:



Standard. White.



No. 3



Wednesday ......... 64 63%



Thursday ........... 64 63%



Friday ............. 65 64%



Saturday ........... 65 64%



Monday ............ 65 64%

Tuesday, (new) 45 43



Chicago—September oats 37.40;



December 36.50; May 39.20.





Rye.—This market is quiet with the

cash grain marked down one cent

from last week. Cash No. 2 is quoted

at $1.04 per bushel.



Beans—Prices up 150. Crop is be—

ing damaged by too much rain. De-

troit quotations are: Cash $2.85 per

bushel; September $2.90. Chicago

trade is quiet and steady. Pea beans,

hand—picked, choice, are nominal at

$2.85@3; common $2.62@2.80; red kid-

neys $3.25@3.50.



Clover Seed—Crop prospects are

only fair. Prices higher. Prime spot

$8.90: October $9.30; alsike $9.25.



Timothy Seed—Prime spot $3.25.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Flour.——Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best

patent $6.50; seconds $6.30; straight

g3 :50 spring patent $7.10; rye flour





Feed—In 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots

are: .Bran $25; standard middlings

$29: fine middlings $32: cracked corn

$28: corn and oat chop $30 per ton.



Old- -H-ay.—Market is firm at‘ steady





' ply.





THE MICHIGAN ‘FA‘R’MER‘





prices. »

area No. 1 timothy $24@25;_ standard

$23«_v‘24; No. 2, $22@23; light mixed

23@2.4; No. 1 mixed, $18@19; No. 1

clover $14@15.



Chicago—Demand good and supply

light. New timothy $13@18 per ton.



Straw—Rye straw $8@8.50; wheat

and oat straw $6.50@7 per ton.





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





 





Butter.——Receipts are large and the

market is easy. Prices are unchang-

ed. Extra creamery 25c; firsts 23c;

dairy 210; packing stock 180.



Elgin.——The market is fairly active

at prices %c lower than last week.

Quotations for the week are 24c per

pound.



Chicago—Fancy makes are firm at

prices %0 lower than last week. Low-

er grades are easy. Moderate amount

of business being transacted. Extra

creamery 240; extra firsts 23@23%c;

firsts 22@22%c; seconds 20@21%c;

packing stock 19@19%c.



Poultry—Receipts light, especially

of good stock. Prices about the same

as last week. Market firm. Live.—

Broilers, No. 1, 16@17c; No. 2, 14%@

15c; heavy hens 150; others 12@14c

per pound.



Chicago.—»Heavy hens sell well, but

thin stock is discriminated against.

Springs are firm. Fowls, good weights

13@14c; spring chickens 16@16%0;

ducks 12@13c; geese 80; guinea hens

$2.75@3 per dozen.



Eggs—Receipts are only moderate

and market is firm at an advance of

10 over last week. Candled firsts sell

at 210; current receipts 20%0.



Chicago—Market is firm at prices

10 higher than last week. Receipts

are moderate and demand is good.

Miscellaneous lots, cases included 17

@210; ordinary firsts 19@19%c; firsts

20%@2lc.



Vea|.—Quoted steady at 14@14%c

for fancy, and 13@13%c for common.





 





 





 





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





Apples—Quality fruit in ample sup-

Poor stuff flooding the market.

FanCy Duchess apples bring $2.25;

common $1@1.25 per bbl.



ChicagowMai-ket dull, although the

tone is slightly better. Prices are

low. Duchess quoted at $1.25@2: As-

trican $1.25: Transparents $1.25@2.



Pears—Market is fair for good

stock, good Bartletts bringing $4.75@

5 per bbl.



Chicago—Market is steady at fairly

good prices. Clapp’s Favorite sell at

$3.50@4.50: Bartletts $4.50@5 per bbl.



Blackberries—Active at $1.75@2 per

16-qt. case.



Chicago—Demand and receipts are

moderate. Market quiet. VVilsons and

dewberries quoted at $1.10@1.25.



Peaches—Markets active, although

supply is ample. Island peaches bring

15((D20c per 15 bu. basket. .



Chicago.~—Offerings are smaller.

Southern peaches still hold market.

Michigan clings sell at 40@500 per





2 bushel, 8@12c per 15 bushel basket;





St. Johns 75@ 800.

WOOL.





 





Boston—The aggregate of sales last

week was large and the outlook for

continued higher prices is unclouded.

The wool situation is stronger than

it has been for two years. War or—

ders have been recently accepted on

this side, and the domestic demand is





strong. Fleeces are receiving larger

inquiry, and prices are being well

maintained. Good business is being





done in territory wools, and there is

an active demand for both pulled and

scoured grades.





GRAND RAPIDS.





 





 





Fresh eggs are quoted at 18%@190,

which is an advance of a cent in the

past two weeks. Dairy butter is quot-

ed at 24@25c. Potatoes are selling on

the city market at 35@40c, with sup-

ply ample for all wants. Reports are

heard of potatoes starting to rot in

clay and low ground. Fruit on the

market has a range about, as follows:

Plums 75c@$1.25; peaches $1@1.50;

Duchess apples 30@40c; huckleberries

$2@2.50. Wheat barely touches the

$1 mark, No. 2 red being quoted at

990. Other grain is quoted at the

mills as follows: Rye 850; corn 76c;

oats 58c; beans $2.65.





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





 





Much business was done Tuesday

morning at fairly steady prices. To-

matoes are selling up to $1.25 per bu;

coming in quite freely. Plums are

plentiful at $1.50 per bu; potatoes

650: apples 750@$1; onions 700 per

bu: do. Silver 10c per qt: cabbage 300

per bu: lettuce 400; cauliflower $1.25

per bu: beets 300; cucumbers. small

25@30c per hundred: medium to large

$1@1.50 per bu; celery 25@30c Der

bunch; eggs 300 per dozen: butter

350. Loose bay of good quality is sell-

ing around $20.





Carlots on track at Detroit 1





LIVE STOCK MARKET-S. ,





 





Buffalo.

August 23, 1915.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stev-

. ens, New York Central Stock

Yards, Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts here today as follows: Cat-

tle 165 cars; hogs 90 d. d.; sheep and

lambs 15 d. d.; calves 800 head.



With 165 loads of cattle on the mar-

ket here today and 18,000 reported in

Chicago and lower, our market was

all‘ the way from 20@350 per cwt. low-

er than last week and there are sev-

eral loads going over unsold. The

good cattle did not suffer so badly to-

day as the common kind, as there are

too many of the common cattle com-

ing to market. There has been no

change yet in regard to letting stock-

ers be reshipped from these yards.



Receipts of hogs were about like we

have had for the last few Mondays,

but short runs were reported all over

the west, stimulating our buyers a lit-

tle, and consequently having a 10@

150 higher market than the close of

last week. Sales again were very un-

even, ranging from $7.35@8.35, the

lighter the hog the higher the price;

$7.35 took hogs weighing around 300

lbs. that were extra good, while some

225 to 250 ranged in price from $7.50

@790. Quite a number of ZOO-lb. hogs

sold around $7.90@8; yorkers and pigs

from $8.20@8.35; roughs $5.50@6;

stags $4.50@5. About everything sold

at the close and late trade was fairly

good on anything light, although the

demand for hogs weighing above 225

was not very urgent.



The market was active today on

lambs and sheep, with prices quarter

higher than the close of last week on

lambs, sheep firm; most of the choice

lambs selling at $9.25. Look for steady

prices last of week with moderate re-





ceipts.

We quote: Lambs $9@9.25: cull to

fair $7.50@8.75; yearlings $7@7.50;





bucks $3@5.50: handy ewes $6@6.25;

heavy ewes $5.50@6; wethers $625617

6.50: cull sheep $3@5; veals, choice

to extra $12.50@13; fair to good $8.50

@12; heavy calves $5@8.50.





 





Chicago.





August 23, 1915.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.





Received today..20,000 20,000 7,000

Same day 1914..18,421 31,563 37,332

Last week ...... 42,959 92,317 64,073

Same wk 1914..52,209 91,801 95,288

The cattle run today included over

4,000 western rangers. Buyers turned

their attention early to good cattle,

which sold at steady prices, but oth-

ers were neglected and were expected

to sell about a dime lower. The hog

market was lively and 5@15c higher,

most of the advance being in medium

grades and mixed lots. Hogs brought

$6@7.90. Last week’s hog receipts

averaged 248 lbs. Choice native lambs

sold up to $8.80, and prime range

lambs were expected to bring $9 or

more, the receipts of sheep and lambs

being extremely small for Monday.

Shipments from here last week

amount to 10,518 cattle, 18,772 hogs

and 2,385 sheep, comparing with 17,278

cattle, 12,376 hogs and 12,661 sheep

for the corresponding week of 1914.

Cattle were weak or strong last

week, depending on their quality and

weight, killers showing much 'discrim-

ination in making their selections and

refusing to buy the poorer kinds ex-

cept at lower prices, while they pur-

chased choice light steers, especially

prime yearlings, much more freely

than the long-fed heavy beeves. In-

stead of the expected big Monday

run, only 18,689 head arrived on that

day, and the market was active and

100 or more higher for desirable lots

of steers, cows and heifers, but infer-

ior. grassy cattle sold no better. By

Wednesday the demand was slack, and

the market weakened on receipts of

17,207 head, sales being made largely

15@20c lower than on Monday. Steers

sold during the week largely at $8.40

@975, with sales of common to plain

grass steers at $6@7.45, common to

medium warmed-up lots at $7.50@

8.30, medium to good handy steers at

$8.35@8.95, good to choice corn-feds at

$9@9.40 and choice to prime heavy

steers at $9.50@10.10. Choice to fancy

yearling steers went at $9.50@10.25,

good lots of such cattle selling at $9

and upward, and sales all the way

down to $7.50@8.50 for common to

fair lots. Butchering cows and heif-

ers were salable at $4.80@9.75 for

common to fancy offerings, with prime

yearling heifers the highest sellers.

Prime cows brought $8@8.50 and there

was a sale of 50 head of superior 818-

1b. yearling heifers at $9.75. Cutters

went at $4.15@4.75, canners at $2.75@

4.10 and bulls at $4.50@8. Calves were

in good demand on the basis of $4.75

@9 for heavy weights and at $11@

12.30 for light vealers, prices for latter

advancing under a strong demand.





The receipts of western range cattle

fell short of expectations, and offer-

ings had a good outlet at $7.45@9.25.

Receipts of these cattle were largely

from Montana, and a sale was made





 





' AUG. 28, 1915.





of 31‘fat-~1,421-db. Montanas at $9.25.

Hogs' sold extremely wide apart in





prices last week, and although even the '

,ch01cer offerings suffered breaks, the-





worst declines by far took place in the»

heavy weights, which were extremely

numerous. Choice hogs of light weight,

such as are wanted by eastern ship~

pers, were offered sparingly. and sold

highest of all, with choice heavy ship-

ping hogs at a big discount. and the

coarse, heavy grassy packing hogs the

lowest of all. Recent receipts of hogs

averaged in Weight 247 lbs., compar-

ing w1th 244 lbs. a week earlier, 243

lbs. one year ago and 235 lbs. two

years ago.

out the country, but they are being

fattened, and no large numbers are

coming on the market, prime pigs of

strong weight selling as high as the

best matured hogs. When the week

closed hogs sold at $5.85@6.30 for

heavy packers, $6.35@7 for heavy

sh1pp1ng lots, $7@7.65 for light bacon,

$7.70@7.85 for llght shipping and $6@

7.85 for pigs.



'Recent sheep receipts have been fur-

nished mainly by the Idaho, Montana,

Oregon and Washington ranges, lambs

predominating, although fair numbers

of yearlings and wethers showed up

at times. Native lambs and native

ewes were in fair supply. The local

packers did most of the buying, the

shipping demand being very limited.

At the week’s close, lambs sold at $6@

8.75, yearlings at $6@7.25, wethers at

$5.85@ 6.75, ewes at $3@6.25 and bucks

at $4615. During the preceding week

lambs sold. up to $9.50.



Horses were in. ample supply last

week and in good demand, British and

French agents taking a good many for

army purposes. Rejected horses that

failed to meet their requirements sold

at $85@130, and good mares brought

$135@160. Not many horses went

above $210, a few prime horses being

sold at $240@250.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





Vi'ide-spread efforts are being made

in many parts of the country to re-

stock pastures and ranges with cattle,

and this is especially true of the

range country of the northwest, in-

cluding the Dakotas, Montana and

Wyoming. Large numbers of stock.

cattle are wanted in Indiana, Ohio,

Michigan and Pennsylvania, but Illi-

nois and Iowa stockmen shipped in a

good many thin cattle from western

points earlier in the year. Across the

international boundary line there is

a great need of more cattle, and it is

safe to say that Canada could easily

take care of at least a million head of

stock cattle. There is no danger of

any overproduction of beef this year,

and marketing thin, grassy cattle of

light weight is a serious mistake. No

considerable imports of beef into the

United States are now being made,

and about all of the surplus of South

American beef is going to European

countries. Furthermore, our Ameri-

can packers are all the time liberal

exporters of fresh and cured meats to

England and France. Western range

cattle are being marketed in increas-

ing volume as the season advances,

and they average well in quality, the

packers showing their usual prefer-

ence for them over their native gras-

sy competitors. Some of the recent

receipts of range cattle that came off

soft grass shrank heavily in transit

and failed to return as much profit as

was expected. As a rule, range cattle

are being held back for a good finish,

and the bulk will arrive on the mar-

ket later than usual for this reason.

Naturally, the buyers are discriminat-

ing against cattle that are a little soft

in flesh, as they do not dress as well

as others. Light, grassy steers that

weigh under 1,000 lbs. are undesirable

on the Chicago market and should not

be marketed at this time. Such cattle

have declined in prices lately and

should be matured, as feed is abund-

dant everywhere.



There was a fine. big crop of spring

pigs in most parts of the corn belt

this year, and most of the pigsrare in

healthy condition, there being very

little hog cholera. Prime pigs carry-

ing considerable weight are far from

plentiful in the Chicago market and

sell as high as prime hogs of light

weight. Choice roasting pigs of from

40 to 50 lbs. are in especially lively

demand and have sold recently as

high as $8 per cwt.



Moderate supplies of range feeding

lambs have shown up of late on the

Omaha market, and sales are report-

ed of consignments averaging from

50 to 58 lbs. at $8@8.20 per 100 lbs.

The quarantine maintained at Chica-

go on account of the foot-and-mouth

disease has prevented any shipments

of feeders from there, and intending

buyers were compelled to look else-

where for supplies. Pasturage on the

Idaho, Montapa, Oregon, Washington,

and other ranges is superb, and for

this reason flockmasters are not ex-

pected to market a great many lambs

until they are in good condition for

the packers. _





 





Pigs are plentiful through- '
AUG. 28. . 1915.! .





THIS IS THE FIRST EDITION.





 





The first edition is sent to those'who

have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets. The late market edi-

tion will be sent on request at any

time.





 





DETROIT LIVE srocK MARKETS.





 





Thursday’s Market.

August 19, 1915.





Cattle.





Receipts 2239. There was another

heavy supply of cattle on hand at the

local stock yards this week and a dull

draggy market from start to finish.

While choice steers sold well and

brought steady last week’s prices all

other grades were 15@25c lower and

on Wednesday night a large number

were left over unsold. Wednesday

seems to be the leading market day

here at present, especially for cattle

which makes it some better and gives

more time to clean up later in the

week. There is nothing new in the

milch cow or stocker and feeder situ-

ation; the quarantine regulations are

still in force and nothing can be hand-

led but for immediate slaughter. Best

heavy steers $8@8.50; best handy

weight butcher steers $7.50@7.65;

mixed steers and heifers $6.50@7.15;

handy light butchers $6@6.15; light

butcners $5.25@6; best cows $5.75@6;

butcher cows $5@5.50; common cows

$4.25@4.75; canners $3@4; best heavy

Eggs $5.50@5.75; bologna bulls $5@





Bishop, B. & H. sold Newton B. Co.

14 steers av 767 at $6.50; to Parker,

W. & Co. 20 do av 1104 at $7.75; to

Raznick 15 butchers av 595 at $5.10;

to Parker, W. & Co. 2 cows av 850 at

$5.25, 3 bulls av 850 at $5.25, 10 can-

ners av 829 at $4, 15 butchers av 900

at $7, 24 do av 850 at $7; to Bresna-

han 17 steers av 1130 at $7.60, 2 bulls

av 1300 at $6; to Hammond, S. & Co.

15 steers av 900 at $7.50; to Bresna-

ban 2 oxen av 1820 at $7.40, 1 bull

wgh 1370 at $5.50, 2 steers av 1270 at

$8, 3 cows av 1083 at $6; to Grant 7

butchers av 550 at $4.60; to Ham-

mond, S. & Co. 21 steers av 1133 at

$8.35, 1 do wgh 830 at $7, 22 do av

1055 at $8.15; to Sullivan P. Go. 5

cows av 1000 at $5.25, 11 butchers av

882 at $6.50, 7 cows av 930 at $5, 4

do av 1115 at $5.35, 4 steers av 845 at

$7.35; to Bresnahan 6 do av 850 at

$6.25; to Parker, W. & Co. 29 butch-

ers av 800 at $6.50, 3 cows av 1020 at

$5; to Denton 16 steers av960 at $7,

5 do av 890 at $6.50, 5 do av 770 at

$6;25to Fineman 5 cows av 1026 at





Reason & S. sold Razneck 8 butch-

ers av 630 at $5.50, 12 do av 733 at

$6; to Sullivan P. Co. 2 bulls av 935

at $5.25; to Hammond, S. & Co. 5

steers av 972 at $7.65, 4 cows av 1035

at $5.50, 1 bull wgh 1100 at $5.50; to

Bresnahan 7 butchers av 957 at $7, 2

steers av 1005 at $6.50, 1 cow wgh 970

at $5.25, 5 canners 'av 856 at $4, 4

('OWS av 1140 at $6, 5 do av 1180 at $5;

to Bray 4 do av 1150 at $6.



Veal Calves.



Receipts 470. The veal calf trade

opened steady on good grades and

slow and lower on cull grades, heavy

thin grades being very hard to sell.

$353; $11@11.50; culls $7@9; heavy



6





Haley & M. sold Parker, W. & Co.

7 av 185 at $11, 2 av 270 at $10, 13 av

150 at $11; to Newton B. Co. 2 av 165

at $11; to Goose 10 av 252 at $5.50.



- Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts 3184. The sheep and lamb

trade was fairly active at Wednes—

day’s prices. Top lambs bringing $8.25

and sheep $5.50. The close was steady

as follows: Best lambs $8@8.25; fair

lambs $7@7.50; light to common do,

$6@6.75; fair to good sheep $4.50@

5.50; culls and common $2.50@3.50.



Sande], S., B. & G. sold Mich. B. Co.

7 sheep av 110 at $4.75; to Hammond,

S. & Co. 24 do av 115 at $5.10, 6 lambs

av 65 at $4.50, 6 do av 63 at $7; to

Parker, W. & Co. 35 do av 75 at $8.25;

to Mich. B. Co. 46 do av 65 at $7.50,

29 sheep av 90 at $5.50; to Sullivan,

1’. Co. 10 do av 88 at $2.75, 28 lambs

av 80 at $7.25, 9 sheep av 100 at $5,

. :; lambs av 70 at $7.50, 15 do av 80 at

$8.25, 128 do av 75 at $7.50, 43 do av





80 at $7.60, 13 sheep av '115 at $5; to.





Mich. B. Co. 29 lambs av 50 at $7, 8

sheep av 110 at $5; to Hammond, S.

& Co. 55 lambs av 73 at $7.90, 56 do





av 65 at $7.90; to Sullivan P. Go. 62 -





do av 75 at $7.85, 128 do av 75 at

$7.50, 8 sheep av 140 at $5.25.





Hogs.



Receipts 3858. In the hog depart-

ment the trade was the same as on

Wednesday. Pigs, yorkers and mixed

packers’ grades $7.60; heavy and





roughs $6.75@7.25; roughs very dull. .





Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. &

$250790 av 190 at $7.60, 180 av 210 at

Sande], S., B. & G. sold Hammond,

S. & Co. 450 av 190 at $7.60, 150 av

215 at $7.60. -

$7Iggley & M. sold same 225 av 190 at





Reason & IS. sold same 155 av 180

at $7.60.





' T'HE’MICHIGAN FARMFR





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





Already there is an active inquiry

for range lambs adapted for finishing

on western farms, but extremely few

flocks have shown up as yet, and

these have brought unparalleled high

prices invariably. Because of the rigid

quarantine maintained in the Chicago

stock yards on account of the foot-

and-mouth disease, that market has

been receiving much less than its us-

ual quota of sheep, yearlings and

lambs, and more than in former years

have been headed for Omaha and oth-

er Missouri river markets. Native

lambs and sheep have been largely

marketed, the south has been ship-

ping out the last of the southern

spring lamb crop born in Tennesee

and Kentucky, and now the customary

large shipments of lambs and year-

lings, but more especially spring

lambs, are being made by flockmast-

ers of such states as Idaho, Montana,

Washington and Oregon. Thus far

these have ran mainly to fat flocks

adapted for the meat trade, and few

feeding lambs have shown up. Grass

on the ranges is described as unusu—

ally luxuriant, and general market

conditions are such as to encourage

to the fullest extent sheepmen of the

range country to waituuntil their hold—

ings are good and fat. For this rea-

son, it is not at all likely that large

numbers of feeders from the ranges

will be sent to market. That they will

sell extremely high throughout the

season appears to be a foregone con-

clusion. A short time ago there was

a sale of eight double-decks of range

feeding lambs on the Omaha market

at the unheard-of August price of $8.50

per 100 lbs., and at nearly the same

time some feeding lambs from the

range country that tipped the scales

at from 47 to 49 lbs. sold for $8.20.

Iowa buyers, with plenty of grain feed

going to waste, and in numerous in-

stances with lots of small grain in

soggy fields that could not be harvest-

ed, have shown extreme eagerness to

get hold of feeding lambs in the Oma-

ha market at reasonable prices, but

thus far they have met with disap-

pointment. A demand for high-class

range breeding ewes and rams is

starting up, but offerings are few and

prices extremely high.



Angus cattle have become extreme-

ly popular in Texas, and breeders are

good buyers. J. H. Seright, a promi-

nent stockman of that state, has sold

his Angus calf crop for $100 per head.



Farmers living in Wisconsin and

Minnesota have been reluctant to sell

their good heifer calves this year, and

many are getting back into beef rais-

ing, realizing that well-bred beef cat-

tle are scarce nearly everywhere.



J. H. Murray, of Holt county, Mo.,

marketed in St. Joseph in that state

recently four loads of mixed cattle,

mostly yearlings and two—year-olds, at

$8.65 to $8.75 per 100 lbs. They were

fed on ensilage and alfalfa. “Our cat-

tle were fed little dry grain," said

Mr. Murray. “Ensilage and alfalfa

comprised the principal part of the

feeding ration, and the cattle made a

highly satisfactory gain in weight and

flesh. We have found that the policy

of raising and feeding our own cattle

and utilizing the roughness of the

farm in the form of ensilage a very

profitable one.”



The serious decline in hog prices

from those paid in recent years is re—

flected in similar declines in prices for

provisions, but, unfortunately, similar

declines have not taken place in retail

meat shops.





 





 





 





 





iFreefiTry on





to! the Aluminum Soled Shoes,

with g V '



Solid Rubber 01"{



. Leather Heels l



instills 959583” 3





I

l





protection and light-

ness with the easy

walking comfort



of rubber

orleuth-

er! No -

other

metal

soled

shoehu

these

fen-





hire.





You can now



get our 1916 im-



provedshoe. Water-proof

*rain—proof—snow-proof—

ncture-proof. Save $50worth



o ordinary shoes—protect you from

colds, rheumatism, Inmbago, pneumonia.





Racine Aluminum Slioes





keep your feet warm and dr anywhere.

Positively the most comfortab a shoe you



ever were. No mtal can touch. you.

Made in every hei ht from 6 to 16 inches. Every

sine from 1 to 13. oys' shoes as well as men's.



ees surprisingly low.

Get our try-on, mon -back proposition. Mons



cheerfully refunded ieéyyon are not. entirely satin!

fled. Write toga for Illustrated free

book, mourn the Sole of

Health." Address





. \ McMahon





581% Street

Ruins. Wis.





 





 





Shotgun Shells

“LEADER”





and

“REPEA TER "





If you want to fill

your game bag,

. first fill your pock-

ets With Winches-

ter factory loaded

shotgun shells “Lead-





,7





er and “ Repeater.





Be sure to see that





Was awarded W'incbester

Ammunition at the Panama





essential for good shooting.

All dealers keep them in

the most popular loads.





box you buy bears the big





THE GRAND PRIX, the highest honor,





 

 

 

 





They have the Speed, ‘ ““““





pattern and penetration





every





0 u 11 s and

Exposition.





 





Trade Mark





 





 





 





 





Add 6 Feet to Your Silo Without Cost





 





Save your soft rorn—~ silo it ~tnrn it. into money.

Increase the capacity of your silo ‘.. with the





WINNER OPENING SILO ROOF





No waste space. no refilling. Every cubic tool. will

Show you a profit. You need it. all this year. thra

silage in first filling more than pays for WINNEII.

ROOF. Interesting literature. Write for it. Stale

diameter of your silo. See us at the State Fair.





SILO SPECIALTY MFG. CO.

421 19th Street Clinton, Iowa





 

 

 





 





IOHIGAN Farm for Sale. Owner.

240 acre stock farms in Michigan. with stock and

machinery. Ii' sold in September twenty-two thousand

dollars ($22000) will be accepted. Write for particulars

today. CHARLES COON. R. 3. Ionia, Michigan.





One of the best.





 





qEND DESCRIPTION of YOUR FARM or RANCHI

k We have cash buyers. Don’t pay commission.

Write NATIONAL REAL ESTATE EXCHANGE

ASSOCIATION. Dept. 50 Peru. Illinois.





135 acres. $20,000. Near Mt.

MIG“ FARM Clemens. Ask Dr. J. J. Noekcr,

I 511 E. Grd. B0ul., Detroit.Mich.





F0“ s‘lE—in whole or art 280 A. clay loam land



Cheboygan 10.. Mich. No pine stumps

34 A, cleared. buildings. might. accept clear 8. Mich.

exchange. T. E. JOHNSON, Goldwater, Michigan





 





 





 





With or without stock.



Farms wanted crops and implements,

in W'ayne. Mnt-oml‘, Oakland and Livingston counties,

Mich. WAETER C. PIPER, 4m; l’cuobscnt Bldg, Detroit.

WA NT E ——To rent a good well located,

well improved stock and





grain farm for cash. or stock. rent by a man with ex.

periem-e with hoof cattle. sheep and hogs. GEO.

E. BUTLER, Route 8. Kenton. Ohio.





WANTE D—To hear from owner of good farm

or unimproved land forsake.





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





   





 





Barony“





Farms and Farm Lands For Sale

Lakeside Farm





107 Acres. $1800, Easy Tei ms





Beautiful home. money-making farm. borders Ink-e %

mile. fishing. boating; 3%.? mile to village. R. R. station,

high school: machine-worked fields out 20 tons hay.

other good crops. 60 acres lake and brook-watered

nature, 17 acres wood. variety fruit; 8—room. house,

fine shade. charming view; big bani: other buildings;

aged owner must retire; great. bargain for some one

at 81”). easy terms; Full details and traveling dir-

ections to see this and other forms, many with live-

stock and tools included, page 13, "Btrout's Farm

Catalogue 38." write today for your free copy.

E. A. STROUT FARM AGENCY.

Station 101. University Block. Syracuse. N. Y.





’ when you can buy the

WHY PAY B N best farm land in Michi-

gan at from $12 to $20 an





801'. on any terms. Write for particulars.

g‘ELD BROTHERS. Owners





 





 





H. L. Downing, i04 Palace Bldg.. Minneapolis. Minn.

OUR NEW LOCATION—

623—625 Wabash Bldg, Pittsburgh. Pa.





Daniel Mchffrey’s Sons Co.

Growers. _we want your entire

crop. Highest market prices

V‘ rile for stencil. THE E. L.





Richmond 00.. Detroit.Mi(-h.





 





 





 





 





Good Feed~—Chea .





Salvnce grains. The Bartlett Co., Jackson. M ch.





FARMERS—W9 are paying from three to five cents

above the highest official Detroit Market

quotation for your eggs shipped direct to us by ex-

prefix-i, Write. us for information. It Will pay you.

American Butter 8: Cheese Co-. Detroit. Mich,





 





and feeders. also feedin

WE Illll SELL SWINE": lambs. consign hereto of

or if you are in the market for feeding stock write

or wire us. HARPSTER COMMISSION COMPANY

Toledo Union Stock Yards, Toledo. Ohio.





WANTED





Two first class farm hands for work until winter. M mat

thoroughly understand handling and caring for teams.

Work mostl oultivntin . plowing and fitting around

for wheat. ust be str ct y sober and hustlers. Peru

manent yobs for right men. Write or call on L. E.

WEST. 612 Union Trust Bulldinz. Detroit.





 





 





When writing to adver-

tisers please mention the

Michigan Farmer.





 





AF .

16 310ng B d:., Saginaw. West Side. Mich.
mas.





lliilillHilllllililllliilillllilllliill’j





/\/





T H 'E ' ’M' I C H I’G‘A N IF'A R MFR





miliiiiilllllllillllllllllliilIlllllll|llIIllIllllllIIllll|llllllllIllllIllllllHIlllillllHllllllillilllIiililliiHilllliilliilllllllillllllllllll|illillllililiilllllmllliliiililliHillllllllillfltillllllfllliiilllllillllllilllllflifllliiflllifliillflifl





Farm Commerce.





L‘LEIIlill|I|Ill||III||llillllIllillllllliill|lliiillllll|llillllllIlllllllllilllllillllillllllllllllllllilllilllillllllllllliillil|lliilllillllilllllillIll||llllll|Illl|llilllilllllilllilllliil|llilllilllllIlllllllllililliiilIlll|lilllllllllillllllllllllllfl





Complex Marketing Methods





vegetables and fruits brings with



it the perennial necessity for

their rapid, economical distribution

and for encouraging a generous and

steady consumption. The machinery

for moving these food products is com—

plex and retail dealers are often ac-

cused of not following closely the

wholesale market quotations; that in

times of glutted markets they do not

cut prices severaly and aid in a rapid

movement from producer to consum-

er. But the responsibility for slow

and uneconomic movement into con-

sumptive channels is difiicult to trace.

The large class of food distributors

known as “middlemen” are often ac-

cused of levying, arbitrarily, a heavy

tribute on all foodstuffs passing from

the producer to the consumer. The

attention of the public has been fre—

quently directed to increased costs of

products rather than service render-

ed. The new United States Depart

ment of Agriculture Bulletin No. 267,

“Methods of Wholesale Distribution of

Fruits and Vegetables on Large Mar—

kets,” does not indict the “middlemen”

as a class, although it can point out

some abuses in the trade. As a inat-

ter of fact, say the department’s spe-

cialists, when discussing the present

marketing organization, economic laws

would not permit the long continued

existence of a marketing agency which

was solely a parasite.



Middlemen Necessary Agents.



Several important factors have con-

tributed to the establishment of many

middlemen as necessary agents in the

present. system of marketing. Produc—

tion during the last decade has in-

creased greatly, and improved meth-

ods and facilities for handling the in-

crease have been introduced. Keeping

pace with increased production has

come the demand of consumers for

more elaborate and efficient service.

Seldom is the fact considered that

service can become a very expensive

luxury. With the widening of the dis-

tance between the city and the

sources of its fruit and vegetable sup-

plies there has arisen the necessity

for special agencies to meet the chang-

ed conditions.



The present distributive machinery,

with all its strong points and its weak--

nesses, has been created of necessity,

and it has weathered the storm of

much adverse criticism. Every part

of the country is now enjoying the

perishable products of the most re—

mote districts. Any readjustment of

present: market practices must be. bas-

ed upon the fact that some agency

must continue to perform the func-

tions of the present-day middlemen.



Marketing a Special Business.



The problems involved in hand—

ling goods through a large market dif-

frr greatly from those of production.

Usually one man. or one firm can not

handle both production and distribu-

tion and succeed at both. The vast

volume of business transacted at large

market centers makes necessary some

special agencies which can devote all

their energies to distribution. Espe-

cially does the machinery for efficient

marketing become necessary when

perishable goods are to be handled.

Commodities of this sort must be mov-

ed rapidly, must be distributed even~

ly, and from their very nature permit

of no weakness in distributive machin-

ery, if they are to be sold at a profit.



Some Causes of Loss and Wastes.



With the perishable nature of a

large part of the fruits and vegetables

marketed there must be some loss.

This often totals higher than the farm-





THE present abundance of fresh





For instance the loss on

such commodities as strawberries,

peaches, and grapes, sometimes

amount to 30 or 40 per cent before

they reach the hands of the retail

trade. Losses due to spoiling may be

the result of the shipper’s sending

over-ripe or diseased fruit, or failing

to give proper attention to packing, to

loading, or to bracing the packages in

the car. Sometimes the railroad is at

fault. Delay in transit, improper ven-

tilation or refrigeration, or unneces-

sarily rough handling of cars may con-

tribute to rapid deterioration of the





er realizes.





‘shipment on arrival. -





The lack of proper refrigeration fa-

cilities at distributing centers is a

cause of much loss. When produce

moves slowly, there is often much

spoilage before complete sales can be

made. Rough handling during unload—

ing or carting is another important

cause of loss. As a matter of fact, the

opportunities for losses due to the

spoiling of commodities are so mani-

fold that it is impossible to enter into

a complete discussion of them.



Harvesting Methods Cause Losses.



It is always well to bear in mind the





really serious side of losses and

wastes. The spoiling of a dozen can-

taloupes, a basket of grapes, or a





crate of strawberries represents an





absolute loss. to the community. No‘





benefit accrues to producer, distribu-

tor, or consumer from such a condi-

tion. The loss occurring at this point

must be borne by both producer and

consumer, and in a great many cases

the distributor must-bear his part of

the burden. In many cases losses and

wastes are entirely too heavy a tax on

food distribution and the elimination

of unnecessary wastes would do as

much toward effecting permanent,

substantial economies in marketing

and distributing as any readjustment

of present marketing methods could

do. The fact that a large percentage

of these losses can be avoided by

proper grading, packing, and shipping,

together with prompt, efiicient hand-

ling while the goods are in process of

distribution, makes it imperative that

this subject be given special consider—

ation by those interested in the effi—

cient marketing of farm crops.

Farmer Should Understand Complex

Marketing Methods.





A better understanding by the farm-

er of the complex marketingmachin-

ery would enable him to intelligently

choose between the many channels

through which his fruits and vegeta-

bles might be marketed. The new bul-

letin aims to make clear to the lay-

man the rather intricate machinery of

the market and deals with methods of

receiving, inspection, rejections, ter-

minal distribution and sales methods,

the broker, auction sales, carlot whole-

salers, commission merchants, jobbing

sales, public markets, etc. This bul-

letin may be had free by those inter-

ested upon application to the United

States Department of Agriculture,

Washington, D. C.





Increasing the Margin of Profit





VERY merchant has the cost



price as well as the selling price



marked on his goods in figures

that are plain to him if not to his cus-

tomers. If a customer demands a price

that is lower than the one asked the

merchant knows just how far he can

go in meeting the demand without

losing money. Unfortunately, we as

farmers, have no secret mark to guide

11s and we seldom know the cost of

our goods. This is not because we are

shiftless and careless but because it

is far more difiicult for us to deter-

mine the cost of an article that we

produce than it is for the merchant

to know the cost of an article he buys.





There are many factors which enter

into that cost and most of them are

variable factors that are seldom twice

alike. Even should the cost of growing

an acre of some certain crop be the

same this year as last, variations in

yield may make the price per pound

or per bushel differ widely. None of

these things however, lessens the im-

portance of the cost mark. We hold no

special permit that will enable 11s to

violate the laws of trade without suf-

fering the penalty. We cannot sell

our products below the cost of produc-

tion and make money on the transac-

tion. If the cost of producing a bush-

el of some farm product is 40 cents

there is of course no profit in selling

it at 40 cents, no matter how many

thousand bushels may be grown.





The chief point is to make the mar-

gin between the cost of production and

the selling price as great as possible

and there are several factors which

enter into the accomplishment of this.

First in ,importance is economical pro-

duction. Only good crops pay but not

all good crops pay. It is possible to

Obtain a good crop and to do it at a

cost so great that there is left no mar-

gin of profit at all. On the other hand

it is just as easy to err on the other

side by failing to put enough expense

into a crop or an animal to get the

best returns. In the production of a.

crop there are certain fixed expenses

that we must bear and these will be

about the same whether the yield is





 





heavy or light. It is often the case

that, though with this initial outlay

alone the returns may be made to

equal or perhaps slightly exceed the

cost, if a little extra money is spent

in the way of fertilizers better care

and tillage, the returns may be greatly

increased. With the growing animal

a certain amount of feed counts for

nothing in added growth or produc-

tion. It is from additional feed that

all the profit must come.



The most obvious way to increase

the margin of profit is to increase the

selling price. If it costs 40 cents a

bushel to produce a crop there is as

much profit in selling one bushel at

50 cents as in selling two bushels at

45 cents. On staple articles of stan-

dard grade we cannot expect to set

our own selling price but on unusual

products of high quality we may often





'AUG. 2'8.’ 1915. .





part» in the problem. of. distribution

and often provides the most satisfac-

tory and least expensive means of

making sales but he should not exact

unreasonable fees for his services. We

must remember that we have to bear

the cost of selling, even if we make

the sales ourselves and sometimes the

cost is heavier under these conditions

than when the produce is sold through

the middleman. The man who spends

a day with his team in selling $15

worth of produce direct to consumers

is footing a heavy bill for the cost of

selling, as well as the man who turns

his produce over to the middleman for

him to sell. On the farm as well as

elsewhere it is in the margin of profit

that lies the kernel of financial suc-

cess and the problem deserves the

best thought that can be given to it.

Illinois. W. M. HARDY.





WILL THE END BE CO-OPERATION?





 





The co-operator feels that he should

be heard at this point and he tells us

that “if the growers were properly

organized so they could assemble their

products and ship in large units, and

on the other hand, if the consumers

were bound together with business

ties so they could buy in carlots then

the foundation would be down for a

real sensible and scientific marketing

plan!” We must agree to the words

of the co-operator, for where produc-

ers and consumers have gotten togeth-

er as in Denmark, Germany, Ireland

and other countries 'it has been a com-

paratively simple matter to extend the

organization until it embraces a com-

prehensive selling and buying scheme.



But it seems that we are quite a

ways from so complete an organiza-

tion. Taken as a whole, we need not

alone education along the line of work-

ing together, but skill growing out of

personal experience before» we can

build co-opcrative organizations of any

large dimensions. We cannot put

these things upon a community like a

mantle, but they must take root and

grow into the community life. We

have. got to breathe the air of, and

drink of the cup of a new order, be—

fore we are willing to let an organiza-

tion do our buying and selling.





MAKES GOOD USE OF HIS RUN-

ABOUT.





 





Two years ago James H. Jones, an

automobile engineer and motor de-

signer, gave up that work entirely and

hacked to the land at South Hadley,

Mass. He has made one big success

of it. His only connection with the

auto “industry,” is to do a little con-

sulting work occasionally and exercise





 





. .95





do this. Another point that has an im-

portant bearing on the margin of prof—

it is the cost of selling. This cost is

bound to be high but it should under

average conditions of distribution and

sale be made much lower than it is at

the present time.



The middleman is not always to be

condemned, for he plays an important





 





 





M .~ a?





Roadster and Trailer Coupled Together by a Fifth Wheel Attachment.





his trusty runabout to keep it from

getting too fat in the rich pastures of

South Hadley. Jim says, “if I couldn’t

have that car I would give up farming

and go to work again.”



His latest stunt with the car was to

make it act as a tractor to draw an

express wagon of 1,500 pounds capa-

city. Of this stunt he says: “With





 





“‘T
AUG. 28, “1915.





just a little box back of the driver’s

seat the. car would hardly do all "our

light hauling to and from town; so I

tried towing an express wagon by rop-

ing the shafts to the frame of the car,

but I found there was not weight

enough on the driving wheels for trac-

tion on the hills and soft places—be-

‘sides, it was impossible to back the

wagon. Finally I bought a rocking

fifth wheel connection and mounted

the wagon semi-trailer fashion, and

now have plenty of weight for trac—

tion and can back it into any place. It

is so easy to connect and disconnect

that we use the car for a work horse

on week days and a pleasure car on

Sunday.”



Mr. Jones recently bought a herd of

extra fine Guernsey cattle at a place

50 miles from his farm, and he hauled

them home, one animal at a time, with

the car. The picture shows the king

of the herd upon his arrival who kind-

ly consented to pose in his limousine.



Mass. C. H. MARTIN.





lllllilllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllll[IllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilillllllllllllllilIII|Illlllilllllllilllilllllllll

Crop and Market Notes.





Michigan.



Calhoun Co., Aug. 14.—There is lots

of grain in the field yet on account

of rain. - It is most too wet for corn

and potatoes. Early potatoes are come

mencing to grow again and late ones

are setting too much. If it comes off

dry late potatoes will be quite small.

Meadows, are growing fine and are

nearly as large as the first crop. Very

little threshing done yet on account of

wet weather. There is quite a little

plowing done; beans are large with

some pieces affected badly with the

blight. Wheat is $1 per bushel; new

oats are not threshed yet. Rye about

80c; potatoes 350; com will be a good

crop but late. No peaches; a few ap-

ples, very few pears and plums.



Monroe Co., Aug. 16.,—Oat harvest

and threshing delayed from two to

three weeks on account of the contin-

ued wet weather. Timothy and clover

yielding one to two tons per acre. Al<

falfa about the same. Wheat yield is

good, some fields going 50 bushels an

acre. Some wheat growing in the

shock. Rye is going 15 to 20 bushels

an acre. About one-half of the oat

crop almost total loss, a large acreage

still to be cut and some under water.

While corn is not doing as well as it

should the condition is more promis-

ing than 10 days ago. The potato

crop hurt some but weather conditions

seem more favorable just at present

for a fair crop. Fall plowing not yet





commenced. Poor prospect fo'r fruit

of all kinds. Wool 250@30; wheat $1;

eggs 18c; butter-fat 250; potatoes 3





@400. _

Mecosta Co., Aug. 16.——Hay all kinds

an average crop. More wheat sown

last year than usual and yield was big

but much of'it grown bad. Rye looks

good; oats have a big growth but not

well filled. Much of them lodged bad-

ly by the storm. No threshing done

as yet. Corn and potatoes very late.

Bugs on the potatoes worst in years;

crop is about 80 per cent of normal.

Beans making a good growth but rust-

ing very badly. Less preparation for

Wheat than common as everything is

late. Apples and other fruits poor.

Washtenaw Co., Aug. 18.——Barley is

moulding and likely to be an entire

failure. The second crop of alfalfa

is more than ready for cutting. Wheat

and oats are yielding high while rye

is fair. Local quotations are: Hogs,

dressed $9.50; spring lambs $7@8.50;

sheep $5@6; cows $3@5; veal calves

$9@9.50; steers $5@7.50; heifers $4@

7; spring chickens 15c; fowls 121/3c;

dairy butter 270; eggs 18c; old oats





550; new oats 35c; wheat, No. 2 red

$1.07; wheat, white $1.05; new rye

930 per bushel.

Pennsylvania.

Lancaster Co., Aug. 16.—Yield of





hay, clover and alfalfa was fairly good.

Not much barley or- rye raised here.

Most wheat and oats have not been

threshed. Oat harvest has been hin-

dered by abundant rains. Corn and

potatoes in very good condition except

where beaten by a recent severe

storm. Roads are badly washed, and

creeks have over-run their banks, and

trains have been wrecked. Plowing

has been commenced. Prospects for

fruit are excellent. Pear blight has

not spread recently, and crops will be

fairly good.



Tiog‘a Co., Aug. 17.~——We have had

almost 60 days of continuous rain,

With gaps of a day or two between

showers. Haying is about completed.

The crop has been damaged some by

rain. But is a larger crop than the

average. ‘Oats are much above an av-

erage crop. Long straw and well head-

ed. Some have odged, but as a whole

stands well considering the amount of

rainfall. Most all oats, wheat and rye





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





have been cut by cradle as ground has

been so soft binders 'could not be used.

Corn very much retarded in growth,

fully 20 days late. Potatoes are rot-

ting badly, all the early planted have

blight. Late potatoes looking well but

not many planted. Wheat $1.15; rye

$1; oats 600; hay $15; potatoes 75c;

butter 28c; eggs 200; milch cows $40

@75 for grades; full blooded $100@

200. Sheep have not done so well as

usual, possibly due to wet weather.

Lamb crop is light.





Ohio.



Bauilding Co., Aug. 16.—The contin-

ued wet weather has injured the crops

some. Some wheat threshed, quality

good, acreage small. Oats are a good

crop, some growing in the shocks.

nay, clover and alfalfa good but a

poor time to harvest. Corn, beans and

potatoes doing well except where dam-

aged by wet weather. Early apples

nearly all gone. Not a very large crop

of late apples. A few pears and plums.

Corn $1.10 per cwt; wheat $1; oats

35c; apples 400; potatoes 60c; butter-

fat 22c; eggs 18c.



Hancock Co., Aug. 16.——Yield of hay,

clover and alfalfa was good but rainy

weather caused it to be of poor qual-





ity. Wheat very good, yielding from]





25 to 30 bushels per acre. Oats only

about one-half cut, due to wet weath-

er. Is down very bad and some will

not be cut. Wheat is only a fair qual-

ity. Corn is growing big fodder and

is caring up well. Apples a fair crop

with few pears and plums and no

peaches. Wool 28@30c; butter—fat is

240; new wheat $1@1.05.



Ashtabula Co., Aug. 14.——Weather is

wet and cool. Haying being done un-

der difficulties. Oat harvest now on

and about half done, prospect good for

a heavy crop. Wheat is yielding from

15 to 47 bushels; new seeding of good

hay about two—thirds of a crop; corn

is weedy and will make about half a

crop. Not much of a prospect for

fruit. Milk $1 per cwt; cows are milk-

ing well for pastures are extremely





good. Dairy butter 260; eggs 220 per

dozen; chickens 13c; hogs 7c; veal

81/20; beef scarce, dressed 10c; new





potatoes 750.



Carroll Co., Aug. lit—Farmers are

having a hard time harvesting this

year. We are getting too much rain.

Some have not got their oats cut yet,

and many acres of grass are still

standing. Lots of smut i nthe oats.

Most of the corn looks good. Our

roads are in pretty bady condition for

this time of the year. The people in

the bottoms had a hard time getting

their wheat and oats cut. Threshing

machines have started out this week.



Missouri.-



Vernon Co., Aug. 16.——Weather hot,

with showers occasionally. Threshing

is in full swing; grain not turning out

very well owing to the over-ripeness

when harvested. Wheat average is

eight to 10 bushels; oats 12 to 15

bushels. Lots of ground being prepar-

ed for wheat seeding again. Corn will

make about 40 per cent of a crop.

Wheat selling for $1; 0 ts 35c; corn

72c; hay $5; butter 2 c’; butter-fat

280; hens 100; springs 140; eggs 15c;

not much live stock in the country.



Nebraska.



Cass Co., Aug. 17.—Very wet weath-

er still continues. Nearly all hay gets

wet and some spoiled before it can be

saved. Grain is badly hurt in the

shock. Nearly everybody is stacking

as fast as possible. No threshing has

been done as yet. Corn is doing well

but is two weeks behind and unless

we have late frost there will not be

much matured corn. Potatoes are

good but some are commencing to rot.

Fall plowing has commenced but the

ground isvery wet. Early apples are

very plentiful and no sale. Prospects

are for about half a crop of late ap—

ples. But few plums and no peaches

or pears. Wheat 900; oats 45c; corn

700; hogs $6.50; cattle 41/2@60; but—

ter 250; eggs 130. Land prices high

and strong.



South Dakota.



Meade Co., Aug. 11.—«Yield of hay

and alfalfa is immense, never as big

before. Alfalfa is in full blossom for

the second and third time. Harvest

of small grain not started; all small

grains are from three to four feet

high and bids fair to be a large crop.

Corn is a backward crop on account

of cold and too much rain but with

late fall will be good. Potatoes are

a good large crop, also beans. Cream

is 220; butter 250; wool 25c. This

year is a bad one for all kinds of fruit,

scarcely any apples or plums.



Todd Co., Aug. 13r—Farmers are

busy with haying and harvesting. The

hay crop is heavy this year. Alfalfa

Is also good, better than before. No

threshing has been done yet but the

quality of the grain is good, kernels

large. Potatoes and beans are in good

condition. The corn is not advanced

as far as last year but is growing fast,

most of it has tasseled out now, and

has good long stalks. Farmers have

not made any preparations yet for fall

seeding. No fruit. The grass fat

cattle are about ready for market.

Butter-fat 260:.eggs 20c; wheat $1.25

@138; oats 42c; rye 75c; corn 57c.





 





 





 





Make Your Own





 





17--l73





Truck or Tracloi





By Using Your Ford Automobile Equip-

ped with Olson Tractor Wheels.





OLSON TRACTOR WHE ELS





are attachments for a FORD Or other auto—you put them on in place of the regular

rear automobile wheels.



They are the result of two years' experimenting to find a means of converting



automobiles into tractors and trucks for all ’round work on the farm and city streets.



With them, your FORD will pull disc-barrow, binder, mower, tedder or any





other farm implement.





With the addition of our special body equipment your Ford is converted into a one-ton truck

and when used with a trailer will pull many times this weight,

—and the best part of it is that you can still use your automobile for pleasure riding; it taking

but a few minutes to make the change from automobile to tractor or truck. and back again.





 





Pulling a 5-Ton Load—3 Tons on Ford and Two Tons on Trailer.





For Cheapness, Practicability, Simplicity and Stability





there is positively nothing on the market to equal it.





Remember there is no pull or load on the





chassis. The Draw Bar Yoke and Spring Support are attached directly to the wheels. This relieves





the automobile of all strain.





You Still Use Your Car For Pleasure

Putting on or taking off the OLSON WHEELS and special body equipment requires but a few

minutes as there is no change made in the chaSSis and but little trouble to put the regular body and





wheels on whenever you _wn.nt to use_your ear for pleasure.

changed—by merely changing the gears in the wheel housing.





crease the power to suit your exact needs. These





The power of these wheels can be

You can decrease the speed and in~

gears are furnished to drive the wheels at . (HF—12-





84 or 2 miles per hour when motor is developing its full speed on high.





As the speed is decreased the power is increased.

hauled with a gear ratio which develops 4 miles per h or.





are changed accordidgly.





The 5—toii load shown in illustration was

For heavier or lighter loads the gears





You Can Buy Any Part of This Equipment From $35 to $650

Including the Ford Automobile





If you already have a Ford Automobile you cannot, afford to be without this outfit.

haven’t a Ford you can get. one and the Olson outfit. complete for $650.





If you

You then have a complete





pleasure car, truck 0r tractor. note "I“ point carefully, it will do the work intended for each

to your perfect sitisfaction and the change from one to the other does not change in any way what





the machine is mtended for.





These outfits will be exhibited at the State Fair held in Detroit, Septem-

ber 6th to 15ih. Be sure to see it “'hile you are there.





Send at once for a complete price list of various wheel sets and Ford machines

with complete outfit.





THE SWEDISH CRUCIBLE STEEL COMPANY,





Sole Manufacturers in U. S. A. and Canada

Detroit, Michigan, U. S. A. - Windsor, Ontario, Canada ,





 





SplitHickOry





 

 

 





$39.25





THINK what that

means. My bignew

5% profit plan has . ,"

split prices the '.

lowest ever .4,”

known. Get the r/ . I

New FREE Book. .. '





plil Hickory





With 30 days’ free road test and



2 years’ guarantee. And a price

offer that will startle you. Just

send me your name on a post card.





ll. c. Phelps, Pres.





   





 





 





 





 





 





Three sizes. 6 to 18 H, P" direct drive



to main cuttcrhcad shaft. 2% in. in

diameter, powerful 6-blade fan on same

shaft. Emery whcclattached.





Sold on trial





Farmer’s account

/ and record book

- "i: . also catalog.

ROSElTIAI. Will

HUSKEB GO. «2





Box 2





Backed by guaran-

S I LO FILLER S tee. Wriicforfrcc





 





‘ is.





 





 

 

 

   

 

 





SAVE YOUR APPLES

With a Monarch Hydraulic Cider Press

you can turn your culls into good selling

cider. You can also do custom pressing

for our neighbors. Our improved

higg pressure construction gets all

thejuicc from the apples with min-

imum pom-r. All sizes of . -

Presses, from 15w mburrels ".i _ .w.





p 8 Press

talcgue describing our 1915 Outfits. “ V“

B. PAROUHAR 00.. Ltd., Box 112. Yorktl’a. @-





9





 





L.





TRE





Weighs only 50 pounds

one man. standing up. Saws low down.

One man can fell more trees than two

men with cross-cut saw. Brand new

invention; wionlahes everybody.

Folding. easily carried; saves labor





SAWING MACHINE





Operated by





and backache. Every owner of a wood

lot will surely have it. Circular free.





GLOBE MACHINE CO. ,

6 Bank Bldh Machine. Mo. mm “L. '





Concrete Mixer Plans ‘

FREE Blue prints and instructions





for building the best practisl ;_ ‘

home—made concrete mixer invented.

Your name on post card brin all

ABSOLUTELY FREE. W ITE 1‘ifl





Sheldon Ills. 00.. Box i170. lohnwka, Nehr_





AGENTS WANTED





to represent a reliable concern cans

vassing among farmers in your own

neighborhood or elsewhere. No expe~

rience necessary. Liberal pay, and

supplies furnished free to right part~

ies. Reference required. Address,





ADVERIISEH. BARE lllE lllilllfiill Fillliill,

Detroit, Michigan
174—-18





‘01: NEW W‘V THE ()ll’ WAY





   





This Renown

, Undericed licaler

1 Will Pay for itself





The Renown Underfeed will save you

one-quarter your fuel bill the first

season.





And it will continue to make this

saving for you as long as it is in use.





Soft coal is fed underneath the fire.

Thus smoke and gas are forced through

the red-hot coals where becoming

mixed with intensely heated air they

are consumed. We burn what others

waste.





The Renown Underfced principle

Fulllzes everything burnnble in the

ue,





Smoke and soot cannot rush out

into the room when you feed the fire.

And “pulls" and “explosions" are un-

known whcre n. Renown Under-feed

Heater or Range is used. Find out

about them.





The saving in fuel is alone sufficient

to make you want a. Renown Under-

!ecd. but this wonderful stove has

many other decided advantages that

you will want to know about.





Range and Heater Catalog sent





free. Shows lull line. Write for it

imd tell us what class you are interested

n.





Independent Stove Co.

0wosso, Michigan

Established 1905





 





 





 





J





 





Abolish Your





 

 

 

 

 





Unsanitary Outhouse





Don’t further endanger

family health With the

filthy, disease - breedm



outhouse, cesspool an



sewer—enjoy a health-

protecting city comfort—

sumtary and odorless, the





Kaustine

Closet System





Costs 3 fraction over a penny

a (lay to operate --1- mild no

- waicrmo sewer nop um nng'.

'7' 5“ Entliusiusticnlly endorsed

by school boards -- urged b



g, health authorities.

4 Inexpensive tom-any up

can initall. Tank emm ion in



20 minuteso-twico yearly.

. " For form and Village. homes,

schools, churches. actunes.

Semi for particulars-mur

representutwe will call.

“AUSTINE C0. Dept. 1099

Buffalo, .Y.





4000 FERRETS FOR SALE





Price list free. C. J. DIMICK. Rochester. Ohio.





' ”MM

team.-."





 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 





 





 





POULTRY.





- i . O i . f; ' '. f

Barred Rock Cookerels ii’idfifthflfifldtwill: 39.”





shows and breeders. W. C. (h'ifl’mnn, R. 0, Benton Harbor. Mich.





BA RRED RODKS “Edi-i” {li'igfé’gdfi





season. FRED ASTLINU. Constantine. Michigan





 





 





IG BAVGAIN SAL'T 01" BARRED ROCKS. 200yeurling hens





that have luid 140 eggs en:h since Jul. 1st. 1015') to Aug.

1st. 1915 on nvcrngo of 20 eggs per hen per month. l‘riccsti .

hens $10, 12 hens $18, 20 hens $25). 530 lien: for $00. They are ’

pure bred, lurp‘c mid closely related in our first winners ill

Chicago. Cincinnati and lndiunnpolis shows. Suitulile lllilll‘S I





in go with them at $2 to $5 ouch. 1:300 young: birds- growing. ‘

G.





ARL HOOVER. R.7,Mai(hews. Indiana.





 





3 out of 4 firsts Chicago, 1914. Eggs bill. of

Bil" ROCkS, Benson 51.5045: 30—100. S. (' Bull Leg-





horn eggs $l-ls’); 55-100. i’en of 12 Bull lmghorns $10. 20 Buff

Rock Hons. 7:”) Cents in $2.50. including (‘hicngo nnd Minne-

apolis first prize winners. Bird Lawn Farm. Lawrence. Mich.





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





Care of Chickens





. HE domestic fowl is a warm-

I temperature of a hen being sev-

blooded creature; the normal

eral degrees higher than that of a hu-

man being. Thus it will readily be

seen that, the period of hot weather is

lespecially trying to the birds. This is

true unless precautions are observed

in housing them. Wild birds spend

their nights in the open air. T00 of-

ten the hens are obliged to roost in

.stuffy unventilated houses. Even the

topen—front building is warm and un-

icomfortable. This is the reason why

so many hens take to the trees out-

side if given the opportunity.

Open Shed Good for Summer Use.

We have in one of our hen yards an

open shed, rather it is a roof set on

posts. Under this we place roosting

posts for the hens during the summer.

When the cold weather comes on, it

is no trouble to get the birds to return

to the house. Simply remove the out-

side roosts and they are obliged to do

so. Such an arrangement as this is

very satisfactory for the growing pul-

lets. It does much for their health to

keep them in the open air until cooler

weather comes on. It is also easier to

keep the mites in check if the birds

are not allowed to congregate in the

houses during hot weather. Where

the accommodations are such that the

fowls are obliged to spend the night

indoors, every effort should be made

to keep the building free from mites.

This is something of a proposition in

old houses which afford abundant hid-

ing places that cannot be reached

with disinfectants. At any rate, the

interiors of all buildings should be

whitewashed and the material used

:should have a small quantity of some

disinfectants mixed with it. This may





 





 





.best make arrangements for





in Hot Weather





weather. Corn is of this class, and, as

it tends to produce fat rather than

muscle, for the growing chicks it is

not desirable in large quantities. For

the older birds a certain amount of

corn is needed to put them into con-

dition for the monk. Medicines are

seldom needed if the chicks have pure





 





AUG. 28, 1915.





air, pure water and proper feed. Open

range is best for all birds during the

summer, but where this cannot be giv-

en, plenty of green food should be

provided. Lettuce is one of the best

summer greens that we have seen for

young birds. Plenty of shade should

not be forgotten whether the birds

have free range or are yarded. Finally

do not keep the old birds and chicks

together. 0. H. CIIESLEY.





Beginning the Poultry Business





HERE are a great many farmers

who keep a few hens who ought

to go into the business more ex.



tensively. also there are some who

keep no hens at all and these should

certainly, for economy’s sake, keep

enough biddies to furnish a supply of

eggs and poultry for their own tables.

The fall season is the time to make

plans for next year, both because that

is the time when stock can be pur-

chased cheapest and when one can

proper

housing and yarding. There have been

many failures in the poultry business

and doubtless there will be many

more. This would be discouraging if

there were not many successes to off-

set the failures. That there is still

room for the “hen farm” is attested

to by the high prices for strictly fresh

ggs and other poultry products. Like

any other branch of farming, careful

attention to details is a necessary fac-

tor toward winning success.

Making the Plans.



In starting a poultry plant at this

time it is important to take into con-

sideration all branches of the busi-

ness. I would, first of all, aim toward

getting the maximum number of eggs,

and as large a proportion of them as





 





 





 





Extensive Poultry Farms





Successful





best be put on with a hand spray

'pump and should be applied as often





_gplendidearlyhutched i as once a week during the hot weath-





PinechSlWhfle orpingions cockcrels and pullets..





Belgian hares and Collie puppies. LIBS. WILLIS

HUUGH, Pine Crest Farm. Royal Oak. Michigan.





 





RHODE ISLAND REDS and PLYMOU TH ROCKS.





:er. we also spray the interior with

‘ hot water, in which a quantity of some

‘coal tar disinfectant has been mixed.





Mules 5 to 121m. according tonge$2 to SinP. R. hens i If houses are tight and all the cracks





weight!» to ill"; lbs. eggs 12') for $1.00: . R. eggs $5 per 100.

Mammoth Bronze ’I‘oin Turkeys. 8 to 38 lbs. according

to age $8 to 352:). 10 eggs $3. A. E. Crnnipton. Viissnr. Mich





 





Rose Comb Brown Leghorn Cockerels

from Mud. Sq. winners :30 (is. in) nccorilinu to age.

CLAUDIA BETTS. Hillsdulc. Nllchliéan.





 





I OSE und Single Comb Rhode island Reds. Prepare to llll-

{prove your llnck by getting hens or young eockcrcls now from

these laying strains at. $1 encli. Jennie Bucll, Ann Arbor, Mich.





 





‘ALE ()RPINGTON Oockerels—l? wks. 81; 8 wks. 750.

8 wks. pen, 8 pullets. 1 cockerel $10. S. (1. Keller-

struss. white. M. E. Thompson. Redford. Michigan.





Slaughter Sale of Barred 8 White R0cks

Cocks $3.00 to 85.00. Hens $1.00 to $3.00. Young

stock after September lst.



Riverview Poultry Farm. Box 798. Union. City. Mich.





 





lLVER Laced Golden and White VVynndotte Eggs for hatch—

ing. Ten cents (nah or 30 for $2.50. 1 pay parcel post

charges. C. W. BROWNING. Portland, Michigan.





 





. —50-r 1:, 4:001! . . -

3lghlle Wiandolle E525 has”: {$.12 $32.00 r3329 siiiitflfl





DAVID HAY. Forest Ave,. Ypsilanti, Mich.





 





hite P. Rocks. Pekln and white runner ducks.

White uinean. eggs and day old ducks and chicks,

H. V. OSTETLEB. St. Johns. Michigan.





 





DOGS.





FOX. 00011. SKllllK All) lllllllll 110011118





grokehto an 311% flelg. StPrleei; ‘rightl. Fox and

00 can up: one . am or re y.

n H. p(l. LYTLE, Frederrckshur‘é, Ohio.





 





I u " . _ F . d

lramedllunmng Fox Hound: film? iifiiii‘?“ h§3§d

stomp. W. E. LECKY. Holmesvllle. Ohio.





ican be reached with the spray, the





‘mites have a small chance to increase





itO any great extent.





i Much labor will be saved by the





lcaretaker if dry feeds are given and

{these are fed from hoppers. Chicks

{have a knack of balancing their own

frations if given the opportunity. In

addition to the dry feed, a. moist mash

ishould be fed about every other day.

lIl’. is best to feed the animal food in

ithe moist mash during warm weather

reither than to give it in the dry mash,

as is done in colder weather. Pure

water is a summer essential. Foun-

tains that will keep the water reason-

ably cool should be used. We know of

one chicken raiser whose buildings

are supplied with water by the grav~

ity system and a pipe is laid to the

hen yard, where pure water is con-

stantly running in a tiny stream.

Corn Should be Fed Sparingly.

Feeds of a carbohydrate nature





 





ishould be given sparingly during hot





 





are the Result of Steady Growth.





possible during the off season, that is,

the late fall and winter months when

prices are high. In addition I would

aim to produce pure stock for breed-

ing purposes and eggs for hatching. I

would also cater to the capon trade

and try to do something in the broiler

business. To best care for all of these

interests I would select one of the

American breeds and build .up an effi-

cient producing strain, by selecting

only the best for breeding stock and

keeping the flock well endowed with

vigor.



Having stated the purpose, how

shall we attain it? First, I would buy

a small breeding flock, getting them

now because they are cheaper than

they will be later. I would provide

houses and runs adequate to accom-r"

modate as many as I could hope to

raise next spring. From this begin-

ning, I would aim to increase gradual-

ly the extent of the business until it

had assumed as large proportions as

space for quarters or time for care

and attention would permit. Many

make a mistake by trying to rush in

all over the first season instead of

learning by careful experience the in-

tricacies of the business.



One incubator and . two or three





brooders. all of which must be band-

led exactly according to instructions

given by the machine makers, will be

all that are necessary at the start.

The old hen will scarcely answer the

purpose for hatching if one plans to

do more than a small business, largely

for home consumption. The beginner

should not attempt to hatch out chick-

ens too early. Better have them come

out about April 1. The cockerels will

make broilers for the summer trade

and the pullets should be laying by

the first of October. Another flock

a month later will furnish roasters for

early fall and layers for the winter.



As to houses one will have to be

governed to a considerable extent by

the space available. Undoubtedly the

open-front house is best, even for the

colder parts of our country. Hens do

best in small flocks and if a continu-

ous house is used, there should be nu-

merous divisions that the flocks may

be kept small.



How to Keep Informed.



One starting in the business should

read all the literature available. One

or two books on the subject will be

found of value and the poultry col-

umns of farm journals cover almost

every question likely to arise. Aside

from these one will get a good deal of

pleasure from the class poultry pa.-

pers. When a man or woman starts

out to make the poultry business a

paying proposition, it must. be expect-

ed to study incessantly, for no scrap

of information is too trivial to be

weighed in the balance of reason and

perhaps put into practice. But after

getting all the information possible

from the work of others, it is practical

experience that counts for most af-

ter all. C. H. C.





FEEDING DURING MOULT.





Moulting hens should be well fed of

nitrogenous and feather-forming foods.

The method of starving the hens into

a premature moult has been discon-

tinued by the best poultrymen, as it

was found that the starving so weak-

ened the hens that many never fully

regained their former strength. Lin—

seed meal and sunflower seed are the

great feather-forming foods. A good

dry mash for moulting hens is com-

posed of two parts bran, one part each

of middlings, corn meal, linseed meal

and beef scrap. A good grain ration

is two parts wheat, and one part each

of corn and sunflower seed.





If possible, the hens should be given





free range, and grit and charcoal

should be kept before them all the

time.



By feeding and handling moulting

birds as described, I usually have

them laying before cold weather.



Indiana. “T. Z. RICHEY.





 





A GOOD VETERINARY BOOK.





Very often a Veterinary Book can

save you money. We have been able

to buy 1,000 copies of Gleason’s Veter-

inary Book (latest edition) at 29 cents

apiece. This book contains methods

of training horses and curing their

diseases. To old subscribers who now

take the Michigan Farmer we will

send this book for 29 cents, postpaid.

To new subscribers we will send the

book and the Michigan Farmer one

year for 79 cents. This is a bargain,

as the veterinary book would cest you

at least 50 cents in any other way.





 





 





 





 





.-.~.m.v .__ fl .





“use 1- ,,‘3. .
AUG. 28. .1915.





“an“? DIRECTOR-Y

CATTLE. '





ABERDEEN ANGUS





you are in need of an extia good bull or stew

choice young cows or heifers. we have them for Sale.

Our nerd is headed by the Grand Champion Black

Monarch h.3rd We invite you to come to our Farm

and see them. They are bred right and priced right.

U. L Clark. Hunters Creek. Mich. Sidney Smith. Mgr.





ABERDEEN- ANGUS





RDESTABLISHED IN 100

TROJANE- ERICAS and BLACKBIRUS only

Young bulls and Percheron stallions (or sale Also

breeders of Percheron. Hackney and_8addle

Horses. WOODCOTE STOCK FA RM. IonnnMich.





 





 





A'nsmflEs—One of the foremost dairy breeds The





most economical milk 'roducers. Calves





for sale. White ghorn ceockr Dur ocJe ersey

swine. Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint Michigan.





 





THE VILLAGE FARM,

Grass Lake, Michigan,

GUERNSEY CATTLE.





 





MILO D. CAMPBELL CHAS. J. ANGEVINE





BEACH FARM

GUERNSEYS





Combine the blood of the following great producing





sires and dams :—

Masher Sequel - - - 57 A. 1;. Daughters





Galexy' s Sequel 37 . .

Glenwood Boy of Haddon 26 A. . 3

May Bose Kin 21 .

Dairymaid of inehurst . . 910 lbs fat

Dolly Bloc - - - - 836 ii ..

Imp. Itchen Daisy - - - - 714 .

Selina of Pinehurst - - - 762 “ '

Stanford s Princess . 725 “ “





Bulls for sale only.





A Dairy Show Every Day.

CAMPBELL &. AIIBEVIIIE. Goldwater. Mich.





 





B

Fur Salt—Bcgifluornsey Gallic g‘ib‘mfififéffiiiff





 





JOHN an s R 10. Holland Michl Igan.

G U E R N S EY ‘LLEKEVAB





Co ntainin





oodof world chamgvons.

HICKS’ OUER





SEIY FARM. Saginaw. Mich.





 





UERNSEY BULIS FOR SALE, I'eadyfor service from A. B.

Dams. If you want the right kind write for price and

breeding. BYERS a BARNES BROS” Goldwater. Michigan.





 





EGIS'I‘ERED Young Guernsey Bulls. great grand-

R sons of Gov Cherie. Servicable age nicely marked

exceptional breeding. Avondale Stock Farm. Wayne, MJch.





HEREFORD : 3.1333 3.3%. bBli‘Il





fellows. .ALLEN BROS" Paw Paw. Michigan.





Do You Want A Bull?





Ready For Service.





From a grand daughter of The mug of the

Pontiacs. Sired by a bull that is more than a half

brother to the Champion Holstein Cow of the

World. and whose dam is a 30 lb. 6% 1! fat daughter

of Pontiac Aggie Korndyke who has more 30 lb.

daughters than any other living bull. If you do

write for pedigree.





EDWIN S. LEWIS, Marshall, Mich.





 





THE MIL,





an imported daughter of Eminent.





Breakwater King Chita.

Chita of M. a good producing cow.





BROOKWATER FARM,

“TOP—NOTCII” IIOLSTEIN





5. 5. 30. 3-5 and 37- lb. Bulls from large milking, A. ll.

0. dams Nice variety from three farms to select

from. Breed Better: Get the Best.





McPHERSON FARMS 00.. Howell. Michigan.





 





EGISTBRED Holsteins-Hsrd headed by Albina B nte Butter

Boy His dam has A. R. 0 records as follows: zit 2 yis milk

430 but er 18. 85; 4 yrs. milk 604. 8 butter 27 03: iii. 6 yrs milk

620 butter 28. 55 lbs. W. B. READER Howell. Mich.





 





4 months old. A R. O. dam.

"Oaklored "018101" 8“" and sire of fashionable

breeding. Good individual. well grown. niiely marked.

$66 brings him rightto your town with all apers. Sale

arrival guaranteed HOBART W. FAY. ason Mich





High Class HOLSTEINSh‘g...





is headed by Smithdnle Alcnrtrn Pontiac. whose dam

is the famous Alcartrs P olksdot. Have few young bulls

and females for sale at reasonable prices. Will buy

a few heifers about 15 months. not bred. Farm ’56 mile

from court house. SETH B. BUBER'I‘. Howell. Mich.





llllLSIElII BULL BALVEPEEL55.22533523522





Michigan. Long Beach Farm. Augusta. Kalamazoo Cc.,liich.





 





 





 





Jersey Swine.

Prices

lchigan. '





ULSTEIN CATTLE and Duroc

Choice pi s of both sex now ready to shi

reasonable. .R. CORNELL. Howell,





 





8200 Buys one re istered Holstein yearling heifer

and one bull f0 months old not akin. 7/ white.

King Segis and Johanna breeding. B. B. llcavcy, Akron, Mich.





IllllllllilllL IIBIlE All) IBIIIIIIIII SCHOOL





PEER. MICE IGA

Breeder of High Grade Holstein Cattle. Lists and

prices upon application.





 





 





$80 Gets an Ines. old HOLS’I‘EIN BULL GALE:

whose sire is full bio to a tormer World 5

Champion 3 yr. old. Elmer E. Smith. Iiediord. Mich.



-—The best fami-





Holstein-17mm Breeder 1.... o. m breed

represented. D. D. AII‘KEN. Flint. Michigan.





 





 





b th

loading Bog. llolslein Bulll. dag‘igfiaiofldififii’

b . I r

’°°°'d Iii?“ wri"?%‘.‘$i‘£ifib£°°rl.‘ir& :35. ii.“ W“





$40.00 DELIVERED





Handsome Holstein bull cull“ % white. By“ 24 lb. but-

ter hull. Registered and all pap

ROUGEMONT FA RM S. Detroit. 8Michigan.





 





$75—buyst registered high bred Holstein bull calf



months old. Sire. Pontiac Korndyke

Burke. Dam Lady Beets Dek 01 Mercedes. 15. 83 butter

at 26 months old. RIVERVIEW FA HM. Vassar Mich





HOLSTEINS AND GUERNSEYS





Our Holsteine combine the blood of Belle Korndye

and DeKo 1 2nd. OIIr Guernseys are strong in Lady

Gempsey. Glenwood Boy of Haddon. and Stranford’ s

Glenwood of Pinehurst blood. Some fine bull calves of

Boardman Farm. Jackson. Mich.





 





both breeds for sale





 





Espanore Farm,





LANSING, MICHIGAN.





Home of the great Holstein bull "Pledge Spoflord

Calamity Paul”—sirc of a 35-15. cow and three

over 30 lbs. If you are looking for a bull calf of

this kind of .breeding write for prices and pod.





iztees.

CHASE S. OSBORN, $0

ADAM E. FERGUSON, WHBX‘S.





BEBISIEIIEB IIBLSTEIII 8011,3333: gaging:





Send for description. W. C. TAYLOR. Milan. Mich.





 





F0 3 | —-4 Begistered Holstein Heifers. One 4mos.

I ll 0&5.“ 311 me n.ths One bullcalf. All

well bred. LIMAN it WHIPPLE. Mason. Mich.





H111





2 Choice Jersey Bulls 2





F O R S AL E AT BROOKWATER FARM

AS FOLLOWS:





Breakwater Eminent Lad 128246. Sire, one of the best sons of Oxford Lad. Dam;

Calved Feb. 9,1914.

solid colored ready for service bull, Price $125. 00.





Brookwaier I.. D’s. King Sold 3 Days Alter Ad. Appeared. Iiiii‘ry.





Calved Sept. 2, 1914. Sire, Benedictine King. Dam,

Bull 9. dark squirIei gray and an excellent in-

dividual, Price $75. 00. These bulls must be seen to be appreciated.





AN ARMER





A strong robust but typey





Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Shorihom Callie oi boiII Sex ior Sale





V. W. KNA PP. Howell. Michigan.





 





—-D.Iiry or beef bred. Breeding stock all

Shorlhorns ages for sale at farmers prices I: w. Crum





Secy. Cint. Mich. Shorthorn Breeders' Assn. McBride. Mich.





 





of best Bates Strains. Young

Dally Bred Shorllmflg bulls 7 months old for sale.

Price $100 each. J.B .UH MM .Mason. Mich.





 





I

Registered Shorthorns

One bull 2 vrs. old. some vmuig (sous with yahoo by

side. Wm. D. McMuIIen. R. 1. Adrian. Mich.





 





 





HOGS.

D —-Grand bunch of Gilts

urocs &. Viciorias guppy; fig mg,

of Superba. Defender. Much 001.. rions and others.

Afcw young burs M. .81 URY. Lowell Mich.





 





‘OR \AI E’—Berksliire hogs. both sexes and different ages.

Brnd gilts for f'Ill IDIFIUW'lIIK Poll Angus Bull Calf. not rog-

istered.1’ricc right. Chase 9 Stock Farm. 3 l, Mariette. Mich.





 





' Two fall gilts bred for Au & Se t.

BCI’lISlIII’BS. fan-cu mg and it choice Iotgof Apgil

gilts for sale. A. A. i‘AT Ll LLO. Decker-ville. Mich.





 





BERKSHIHES~Some (hoico brood sows and spring

[Ml-gt] oitlu- -r 59X.i|l‘5001183120(k b0: Ir ior

sale cheap. EISW Sit SON. Akron. Mich.





 





For Sale Ilui‘oc Jerseys Bred Gills





tor Sept. farrow. Carey U. Edmonds. Hastinzs. Mich.





 





AMPSHIRE Swine—Breedingwstock of all ages

from most po ular strains rite i‘OI breedin





Inspection invite. It‘loyd Myers. ILB. Decatur. In





 





WEST WINDS HAMPSHIRE SWINE. Booking orders

for sou pigs immediate shipment. No males to oiler

E. 1’. Hammond. owner N. A. Wiser. manager, Pontiac, Mich





 





HAMPSHIRE ~—For the next 10 days I cifer for sale

cheap 1 Hampshire Reg. Boar. " yrs. old Sept. 20: 6 sows





and 5 boars. 4 mos old Sept. 1. I". 0. Mchon. Mason. Mich.





 





WOULD like to hear from those desiring to start

a herd of thoroughbDred Cheaters. Prices attrac-





 





tive. F. W. DER. Vassar. Michigan.

Big Type. MM and Chester While Swine.

400fall igs either sex. peciall prices for the next





30 days. are bred gilts and service males and we are



booking orders for sprirbgo pigD. all our stock is good



enough that I will sh I D. and reg. free in the



O. I. C. or Chester W ite Asso. We won. more prizes



ban all other breeders ut together. at 1",. and

is. State Fairs. Write or Show record.





ROLLING VIEW STOCK FARM





 





Cass City, - Michigan.

f M h

0. l. C- PIGS 3nd I323 pZI‘i'ia 55:533.:





JOHN BEBNER & SON. Ii. 4. Grand Ledge. Mich.





I REGISTERED

lEWEll S BLUE RIBBON ll. 1. li- ’8

Growthy type. Photos. J. Carl Jewett. Mason. Mich.

O I s—Sows bred to furrow 13:03:12.???





July. Pririec s

G. P. ANgREWdS. Dan-ville. MlChl‘nn.





 





 





 





Maple Lane Registgrof Merit Jersey Herd. Tuber.

culin testedb SGovernment. For sale bull

calves and heiferb calves from R. c M. dams and

grand dams and Hood Farm Sire.



inviN Fox. Allegnn. Michigan.





 





I 4-YEAII-0LII BIILL





by a 31-lb. son of Pontiac Korndyke. and out of 27-lb

dam. 2 two-year-old and three yearling bulls. The

above bulls have breeding and individuality to

spare. Also a. few richly bred bull calves. These

will be priced right. This is a chance to get a.

valuable bull for little money. Get busy. as this ad.

will appear but twice.





L. E. CONNELL. Fayette, Ohio.





HATCH HERD





YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN





Re istered Holstein- Friesian sires. grindmnuo s of

Wor d’s mates tdairy sire. out of c oIce A

dhnams and Kin Pontiac Jewel Korndyke: Brother of

P Pontiac1 Lass 44.15: average record of 50 dams I n

1.5 in 7 days: average per cent of fat

lilliree nearest damsi ; of his own dam 4. . Sires in

first three generations already have over 600 A.

daughters. A few females bred to “Ki ng".

reasonable.





The Two Greatest Bulls





KING 0? 'I'lli PON'I'IACS

IIF. K01. Zd’s BUTTER BOY





I hazayoung bulls from cows having h





gig?“ Iland Gracddaughte torsI eof above bu! I. took





BIGELOWr’S ”110015712“ FARMS,





BBEEDSVILLE. MICE.





 





Prices





 





3rd





1: oflciai

S





F B S“ ~nmc1s'rnaun HOLSTEIN BULL

he A. B. 0:.” m. g!” WE Mostl iwh .Dam

CHA L 000‘, 301“. Powlerville. “1111053151.





 





THE WILDWOOD Jersey Herd. Registered Jersey

Cattle of Quality. Herd headed by Majesty' s Won-

der 90717, one of the best sons of Royal Majesty. The

daughters of Majesty' s Wonder are mated to a son of

Majesty“ s Oxfo King. Herd tuberculin tested. We

have for sale a few choice youn bulls for fall service

from high producing cows. Alvin Laiden. Capac, Mich





 





Lilli-M Farmstead Jersey Cattle. Bull calves from B.

Cows, also heifer calves and several bred





heifers for sale. Colon 0. Lillie. Coopersville. Mich





Jerseys. Bulls ready for service. extra uslity sired

by Jacobs’ 8 Fairy Emanon. No. fro in

producing dams. SMITH it PARKER. Howell Mic.





FOR SALE'H‘,“ chi- My 23:1

Ca. ves r



of Merit ancestry. WATERMAN ngAe'l‘nERE



MAN. Meadowlnud Farm. Ann Arbor. Mich.





 





 





f 1

Jersey Bulls for Sale .223.“ “1.531322152’5‘23' ‘35

semi-oificial test. ..B We ner. R. 6. Aliegan. Mich





 





 





BIDWELL SHORTI‘IORN S





For “Beef and Milk"





Registered Bulls. Cows

an heifers Scotch- top-





also D. T. a I. 'y.





BIDWMS‘I’OCIIAIII

Box B. Tecumseh, Mich.





 





Albion Stamp 35570





 





 





Shorllioms For Salt, flag; “'3.“ ‘3'} A“. 1)....

W. B. McOUILLAN. Chilean. le. (20.. Michigan.





Mllkln





l

Shorthorns 3.123515%?

DAVIDSO





& HALL. Tecumseh. lichi can.





 





 





 





O | c —-Gilts bred for Aug. and Sept. furrow.

I I 0 Will take orders for March and April





pigs. H. W. MANN. Dnnsviue. Michigan.





(IL 6. ’s—SIBIBTLY BIB TYPE





Gilts bred for Sept. furrow and March pigs now ready

to ship. Extra good ones at prices that will move

them. Pairs not akin. I will be pleased to ship them



0. D. and record them free in purchaser' 5 name





NEWMAN'S STOCK FARM R. No. 1.Marlctte.flieb.





o. I. c. SWINE—m .. ...



market for a



choécetbgzd t’sgiw i? ferrow the last of IAIlilg. crhfore



per 0 you no. wri me ave t cm

A. now. a. No. 2mm, Michigan.





 





 





ll. L c"—8 last fall {HtsB bred to farxow last of Aug.

and in Sep Bi? growth y stock. also last



Spring pi s and one last a I bear. Xmile west of

depot. JII'TO B. SCHULZE. Nashville. Mich.





O..le’





teed.





 





——all ages both sexes. Priced to sell.

elfiven. Satisfaction guaran-

A. R. GRA 1M Flint. Michigan.





0. I c Pigs. a lo 10 Weeks mi 310.. Pair-not





Registered free. (2.1. Thompson. Rockford. Mich.





a Choice Gilts bred for Sept. furrow.

e 'e c. Servicableboa S

ALVIN v. HATT. Graal' 1.123563.“ 3:” aun'





Way Broiler: Slack Farm. T‘“ 1...... °' ”h“ b‘

for sale. Registered free. J. Helengmfipoe‘i'i: Ella.





ion SALE‘55“55.2:51.“i:.;.€:“..'.“;‘°‘°p:55"5.P‘





JOHN MchCOLL. Station A. R 4, BnyCi ty. Midi.





 





Cagitol Herd Duroc Jersey Swine. Established I”

pring pig: for sale. satisfaction guaranteed. Ex-

press prepsd J. H. Bentham lest Lansing. Mich.





Breedi

Heavy Boned Bum: Jerseys. m gfififgfi‘a‘lim

ARRAY. Okemos. Indium 00.. Mich chl‘nn

08:00f JERSEYS—Spring pit! either sex Gills bred for





pt. furrow to a son of Volunteer Grand Champion 5‘

lntorns' 1 stock ShowChlcsco. P. J. Drodt. n.1, Icnros lick.





 





 





 





 





O

301’! WEIGHED 932 L33.

A 23 MONTHS 0 D





‘ IONIA GIRL





I have started more breeders on the road to suc-

cess than animan living. I have thelargest and flu-

est herd in e U 8. Every one an early developer.

ready for the market at six months old. I want to

Riace one hog in each community to advertise my



erd Write for my plan “Howto Make Money from _



03s." 0. 8. Iluumilmmoa 0 Portland. Ileh.





 





 





Special prices on some

first-class iits for 10





Buioc lorsev Brod Bills.

TAY LOR. Milan. Mic lgan.





ays WC





—Ma.rch pigs eiiher sex. sired by are

nllmc AWSEY of Volunteer Champion of 3 State Fairs

and Chicago Show In 1912 E H. Morris Monroe. Mich.





DUROC JERSEYSTIES‘J 3:22

either sex. from choice strains. S. 0.8 AHLfiAN.

CHERRY LAWN FARM. Shepherd. TMichigan.





 





IG TYPE P. 0. Either sex. pairs or tries not akin.

Bred sows and gilts Have several 10001b. boar pro-

spects. Absolutely no Iarper breedingi Everyuhing

guaranteed right. FRANK KHUGEII, avenna.Mich.





 





GLAND CHINA Spring Pigs from henv boned

prolific stock. Bows bred for ‘ un~mer and all pigs

at close prices. ROB TNEVE. Pierson. Michigan.





olnnd Chi as. either sex. all ages. Something good

at a low ricec .1311! nine in boars ready for ser-

vice P. O .l‘sD ..8 Grand Rapids. Mich.





POLAND CHINAS ‘gidi’ifidé‘iviiiieéowffife’i’





for spring farrow. nod A: Son. Saline. Mich.





 





 





-— ‘ . d ' .

LlllliE "PE 1’. ll. fiiiiiér iii; Iii-iiikrinagnoiiif; E3:

bred gilts. w. J. HAGELSHAW. Augusta. Mich.





Big Boned Poland Bhinas. Fn“§‘.£§fi“2.%’€§3&°l“§

BERT MARTIN. B. F. D. No. 7. Hastings. Mich.





 





 





two extra. good Summer Yearling

["80 Slrllll 1" 0' Boats: a few choice sows bred for

Aug. it Sept. furrow. Spring pigs that are beauties

sired by Big Defeulloi. the born that everybody goes wildovcr

Come and see him. H. 0 SW All 1 Z. Schoolcraft. Mich.





 





BIG TYPE POLAND CHINAS. Some choice boars

now ready to shigq11 Satisfaction guaranteed.

W. BOLTON. o. .Kalamazoo. Michigan





 





Big Type Poland China Hogs.





We show at Marshall then at Detroit. Call at the

pens. first}? inquainted and we our rate 00.1!

BEAN CRE M. ADDISON. MICHIGAN





 





Spring Pigs at Half PricerBred item





the largest

strain of Poland China-I on earth. none bi get. It

you ever expect to own a registered Polan China.

this is your opportunity Get busy and order at once.

Pairs and tries not akin $15 each. A few bred sows it

.25. J. C. BUT LEE, Portland Mich. Bell Phone.





 





LARGE Type P. C. Herd Boar Hoosier Giant 2nd 238011. Pigs

sired bhhsim” One Big Smooth Jumbo Boar. Bred sows. prices

right. J. .BR'AI l HWAITE. Brant. Mich.





 





BIG Type boars by Big Smooth Jumbo. Greatest

boar in State. 748 lbs at 17 mo. 'I‘hese boars are

(ljong. tall. big bone. sold at farmers prices. shi





Will or write. VI m. Vi afl'le. Goldwater ii I’iih.





 





For Sale Poland China: °' 3.3"“-

A! reshire Bull. B. M. WING it SON. Sheridan. Mich.





 





BIG type Poland Chinas with quality bred right.

feed right. auiixricei right to go to their new

homes and do right. GR COR Ionic. M1011.





BEBISIEBEB YBBKSHIBES





Imported Strain. Both sexes. Prices Reasonable.





iiatcli iierd, Ypsilanti, Michigan.

50 “SERIES-3525333333 522:§.%“‘5t





Books. I B Ducks. E. S. Homer. Mich.





 





 





 





L .

€ng 18.1“ 3 235235313? 5535535555.:





GEO. McMULLEN. Grand ge, Mich.



——W eaniing pigs. airs not akin. Bred



mulch“ "a“. sows and gilts Prf fall farrow. two

rerVIce boars. C. F. BACON. R. 3. Britton. Mich.





 





 





iliie Farmstead Yorkshlrcs. Boers ready for service.

Gilts bred for Sept. farrow Sprin ng pigs, sirsand

trios. not akin. (‘olon C. Lillie. Uoopersvil e. Mich.





YORKSHIRES





Bred giltl. service boars. Se tember d0 t her

Prices reasonable. W. C. 00K. R312. Kiln}





W A N T E D 558.335.3588





Address R. D. No.1. Box 96. Staanish. Michigan.





ich .





 





 





Thoroughbred Iamworlll Pigs‘if:;...f’°“i.“§ 31‘? 1

grown. $12 each. J. S. Carpente . Oxford,“





Michigan

HORSES





FOR S ALE— egistered Percheron Stallion 08allows

an Fillies at reasonable In

spection invited. KING it SON. Char otte.Mioh.





 





 





. —Beg Shetland Ponies moetl

Pigeon PM?!) Films ts. 1s otted stalll 'd y

stock for sa e.r.igo’1‘.§forrison, P125311. M13118.



Registered Percherons

Brood mares.0 Fillies and Young Stallions. Priced





Ins ction invited

L. c. mun" 3560.. Benton Rapids. Michigan.





SHEEP.

Black lop Bolsino Shoe





l‘redE. Beichert. Elm Bi





 





.__._





 





Yearling rams for sale

0?- Registered stock

ge Farm. Ann Arbor. Mini.





 





0mm no" :11 . Good Yearli Field Home

... .. a... .555 12:55.51. .55. ....





 





SHROPESHIRE RAMS





Good big follows with unlit . 8 i 1 rice- th

this month. See our eihibityat CalliomLups and Ifile‘trooiit.‘

KOPE KON FARM. Kinderhook. MI llch gen.





[Mfr—Yearning and ram lambs from Chem

Thumb of Mich. Also select

shire swine. Elmhurst Stock l'arni. Almcnt. MI





 





 





..n
[76—20





THE MICHIGAN FARMEVR. AUG.28.1915.





 





:'_'glllllllll|llllllllllllllll|llll||lllllIllllllltltllll|lllllltlll||lllll|lllllllllllllllllllll|llll|IllIlllllllllllllllllll;lg





Veterinary. . g"





 





fillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||IllIlllllllllll|lll[lllllllllllllllllltllllllllllllIll|lllllllllillllllllllllll'lfi





CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.





Catarrhal Fever.-——0ver two weeks

ago a barrow appeared to be ailing,

seemed to have earache or pain in the

head and his appetite was not equal to

others. We immediately drove all oth-

er hogs from that pasture. He lost

flesh and coughed while trying to eat.

He has had no bowel trouble and does

not appear dull or stupid—always

comes to the trough when called, al-

though he soon gives up eating and

coughs. Four days ago we called a

Vet; he found his temperature 104,

and pronounced it hog cholera. The

question is, can a hog be free from

bowel trouble and not be stupid and

still have hog cholera? With any oth-

er animal on the farm we should have

treated for distemper. One more point

——the hog does manage to consume

about half rations of swill and picks

at pasturage a good deal. He has

been treated with the serum and we

are endeavoring to observe'every pre—

caution. A. W. 13., Lowell, Mich—A

hog in this condition should not be al-

lowed to sleep around straw stacks

and manure heaps, but given dry, com-

fortable quarters and fed slops for a

few days. If his bowels are costive.

give him castor oil. The animal should

be allowed to inhale the steam from

a one-half per cent solution of turpen-

tine for 15 minutes twice a day. Also

disinfect his pen with coal tar disin-

fectant. If your hog had cholera, his

appetite would be gone. He would

perhaps vomit, he would also have

chills or the appearance of chilling.

His back would be arched, move his

hind parts stiffly. stagger and cross

his hind feet when moving. His eyes

would doubtless be sore, red spots or

blotches would perhaps appear upon

his ears or on the skin near his ears:

besides. on the neck and lower part of:

abdomen, on the lips and lining mem-

brane of mouth. Early in cholera the

bowels are costiye then become loose

alternately. I hardly believe your hogl

has cholera. (live him 4 grs. 0f qui—

nine at a dose five times a day. .



Garget.—I iave a cow that came

fresh some six weeks ago, since then

she has had more or less udder trou—

ble, and the treatment I have given

and the remedies l have applied fail

to clear her bag. (Y. 1%.. Jackson, Mich.

Apply one part fluid extract phytolac-

ca, one part extract belladonna, ad-

ding four parts lanolin, then apply to

udder once or twice a day.



Bunch in Udder.—I have a cow that

came fresh last April. since then she

has bunch in udder the size of a pint

measure. but it is not sore. J. O. N.,

Burr Oak, l\Iich.—‘Apply one part io-

dine and nine parts fresh lard to

bunch every day or two.



Sidebone—lVorms—wXVhat had I bet-

ter apply to reduce hard bunches on

pastern and coronet of horse, and

would also like to know what to give

a mare that is in foal which is trou-

bled with worms. 1. A., Paynesville,

Mich—Apply one part red iodide of

mercury and four parts lard to bunch-

es twice a month; however, if these

bunches are not growing any larger,

producing no lameness or soreness

and you are working the horse, better

leave them alone until you can rest.

the horse. Give a tablespoonful of

salt and a tablespoont‘ul of ground

gentian at a dose in feed twice a day;

to brood mare.



Surfeit Buds—My eight-year-oldi

mare has small bunches all over her;

body; she rubs and bites herself and.

lately she has made sores on legs. I

have applied lard and sulphur, and;

have also used coal tar disinfectant,‘

but she is no better. J. B. “7., Mil-;

lington, All(‘ll.*"(il\.(‘ her 1/2 oz. of hy-

posulphite of soda at a dose in feed or

water twice a 'day: also give her 1/2

oz. of Donovan’s solution at a dose

three times a (lay. \‘Vash her bodyl

three times a week, and apply one;

part bichloride'ot‘ mercury and 500'

parts water twice a day. It you work

her and she per-spires much, wash her

every evening with tepid water, and

leave water on body.



Brain Hemorrhage—«I have a three‘

year-01d colt which has a peculiar ail-

ment. The first symptoms I noticed

was that she (lid not, or could not,

step over in stall as she should, but

I led her out and she could hardly

walk. She attempted to play, but soon;

fell over; however, she got up again,‘

then I called a Vet. who told me she.

had brain trouble. Her sickness came!

on one week ago, eats and drinks as|

well as usual, but holds her head a lit-;

tle. to one side and her right earI





 





 





 





droops some. G. W. B., St. Clair.

Mich—Give your colt. 1 or 2 drs. of,

carbonate of ammonia in a pint or]

two of water either as a drench orl

mixed with feed four times a day.

Also feed. colt plenty of grass. If you

fail to notice any improvement in a

week, give 1 dr. doses of potassium

iodide two or three times a day.





Here Is The Washer Every





W0 m a n Wa [rt 5

Be Sure to See it When You Go to the State Fair!





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





\ .- a The famous Maytag Power Washer and Swinging Wringer com-



w pletely equipped with a. wonderfully reliable little engine that not

"I only runs the washer and wringer but will operate any kind of

small machines—churn, bone cutter, ice cream freezer, food

chopper, cream separator, and any other small machines—two or three of



them at once if desired. This new arrangement makes the Maytag



washer a complete power plant that will help the housewife do



all the hard work in the home and many other chores as



“ well. Be sure to visit our exhibit at the State fair



and see it. It's the greatest device ever in-



vented to make farm housework easier. We



will also exhibit the Maytag Power



\ Washer without engine, Maytag



~~ Electric Washer and Maytag



‘\Hand Power Washer.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





~-

‘~

‘ o

n

s

s





 





 





 

 

 

   

 





 

 

   





.

~

~.-

‘-

‘s

h

~.

‘~





The Won-

derful Little

Engine of the ‘

Maytag Washer Will Run 51:53.?“ ,A .

All of These Machines. ‘/ K





on»: ennui





FOOD CHOPPER





Other W PHI—ducts Will Interest The Men





The Maytag-Ruth Self Feeder, Maytag Husker-Shredder, Maytag Hog

Waterer, Maytag Grain Grader

and other specialties for farmers

and threshermen will be shown.

Get to know the Maytag line. A

visit to our State Fair exhibit

will interest you. If you do not

expect to attend the State Fair

write us for circular on the May-

tag Washer equipped with the

wonderful little engine-—

or any of our

specialties.





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





Invites You

your headquarters at

hile you are at





The Maytag





' to make Grain Grader





-_ exhibit w





.IIIII The State Fair





' tc. ‘.

6 information bureau,e , z

9





' nce of visitors.

1. . ded for convemg, .. e the .

Will be ProzliS-ltflget acquainted {:18 little III

Pay us a”\Nasher with the Wogfders e’ 2"

I MaSiEthhat will do 50 many tirizfds.

E‘elomgglad to see you and your

3' e i





1 We Will Exhibit at Following State Fairs





-25.

. ll ..... Sept 17



-- . ' ringfieldsI I 6-10-

5" Illinms S‘ateeFltL‘i’rfliiidianaPOhS: Ind. _Sept.





,. - Stat - ' es



' Indiana” Fair and EXPOslUOn’ DIIAug.25-SeP‘-3'



IowaMoines’ Iowa. .. . . .. . I - - 'Mll " .. ,SePt- 25—Oct.2-

- r'i State Fair» Seda‘ia’ iii}... .Sept- 18'25‘



:‘.M‘ss°u State Fair, HutCh‘MPn, Minn Sept.



E‘Kainsas a State Fair, Hamhne’N br Sept-



. aneso tate Fair, Lincoln, e





'-.':' Writing tebl





 





Two to four times the capacity

of any other h u s k e r —“The

Hungriest Machine on Earth.”





6-10.





 





 

 

     





-‘. S .

1; “Ebiasga‘fio State Fa“) OlumbuIsfu .Au . 30_Sept. 3. I .

Ohio .......... . ......... d

. . - Fair, GT3“ 20 .24 The Maytag-Ruth

"7: lChl gan State - . o no to ,Sept- - .'. ' .

"1-2;. M Rapids) Mlch c I . o o v ' I}; III, '5. self Feeder.





 





THE MAYTAG COMPANY, Newton, Iowa





 





 





BRANCHES: Kansas City, Mo. Portland, Ore. Minneapolis, Minn. Winnipeg, Man.





L Indianapolis, Ind. Fargo, N. D. Madison, Wis. Lincoln, Nebr. J





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

   

 

 

 





   

 

 

 

 





Michigan Livestock lnsuranc 00.

Capital Stacie—$100,000. Surplus—$100,000

Home Office—Saginaw. Michigan.





Only Home Co. in Michigan.

COLON C. LlLLlE President.





 

 





H A RR 1 S rag/Ii . .uhqn‘

Barn Equipment‘i‘fi I I I





.: makes barn work easier; Our

In,“ Feed and Litter Carriers easily do a,“

' ”,4?” the most thorough Work in the shortest. ”(II

,,,-;,-" time, If you take pride in a clean, orderly "

J33 stable. investigate our





-' J’ Patented Stalls and Stancliions





 

 





 





 





 





 





H. J. WELLS, - :- Secretary-Treasurer.





   

 





 

 





VWi-ite for our large, illustrated catalog. It. fully describes





 

 





 

 

 

 





 





 





 





   





 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





I (#"i? everything. contains many valuable hints. Mailed Freet ”Q's? '—

. .é‘tfi'“ . Please ask for It. on a post card today. ' , .

i m Hm Mfg. C0" 3... m 5...... 0.... ST liHAlllES lllllEl.

I





126-130 FARMER ST.. DETROIT

__‘ Take Woodward Ave. car to John R. St... hotel half block east,

1?





1', tlv'il flatfiiring eageitziililly to like farfiier IanIglhlstfnmfiilyéI

" .r 5' aetis on your omewenin eniy. 0

~ ! SteelStalls,Water Bowls, Cow,Calfand Bull Pens andSteel Horse Stalk. and cold running water ind tele phone in every room.





".4 ‘ q, ' ' 3-: 1.00 d d . Euro ean pln . B u

‘ . 26 StYIOS 0f ”ItchOII GIaI‘I'IOIl'S p;03%;‘oheffyr 1“ 4331. “DA. R. SpAGE. Manuggr.



to select from. Something entirely new in Carriers. '



You get the best and save money by gettingiMitchell tlw 1d. 0 i . I

Barn Equipment- Write for l‘REE Catalos- LEARN AUCdTlolgEERlIQI ind dieiatl‘éaiigiggi

. ' b 1 en wi nocpia nvet .

Mitchell Mfg. 00., 3100 Forest Home Ave., Milwaukee.W'u. 8“ °°°m° 1‘ 9923, business unfit in 5 Wat...





Every branch of

Write today for free catalog.





 





 





JONES' NAT'L SCHOOL OF AUCTIONEERING',





WANTED—AN IDEA: ghggcgggsggfigfgifigg AEL COLORS PAINT $1 25 GAL 28 N. Sacramento Blvd., Chicago. Ill. Carey M. Jones, Pres.

$33133 e‘ii’iv'élifiiofi’éitv 331“?- 3’0“ wealth- Write for High-Grade 9 - '





i'ig'rii‘ii‘finggimn'igprl.“gPoilyIiirénmeiOTbliiigNoT. PAINT WAREHOUSE. 352 Beaubien. Detroit. Mich. t qnmm.





Hm” ‘° °‘ ”m" 1’8““ Government Farmers Wants .Ezgr‘mggfcsrfi

Write OZXENT 17 F. St. Louis.





Guaranteed. Sells elsewhere now for 32.25.





 





 





42m;





A. an“.—