// . ”(5/5771/r’ " [KW/[pf €57//// ’ , The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the‘ State. VOL. .CXLV. No. 11 Whole Number 3853 " ‘ “mu: 3 83.3 How the Consumer’s Dollar is Divided. N 1914 the 7,000 growers who mar- ket their citrus fruits through the California Fruit Growers’ Ex- change were so puzzled over the high prices which their eastern brothers were compelled to pay for their pro- ducts that they set about to make a systematic investigation to determine the exact factors which enter into the consumer’s price. Through their own agents the inves- tigation was simultaneously made in thirty representative markets of the country. Starting with the delivered prices of oranges to the jobbers it was ascertained at what price the same fruit went to the retailer and 'then de- termined what price the latter de- manded of the consumer. The year’s work included 5,485 reports from job- bers and retailers from which the fac- tors enterting into the consumer’s dol. lar were calculated as shown in the charts at the head of this page. A summary of these data shows that 36.5 per cent of the consumer’s dollar is returned to the grower in California, of which 9.8 per cent rep- resents the proportion alloted to pick- ing, hauling and packing; 20.5 per cent represents the allotment to trans- portation; 1.5 per cent, the grower’s cost of selling the jobber, and 41.5 per cent the proportion represented by the jobbing and retail gross dis- tributing cost, the latter representing four times the former. The average mark-up price of the jobber is 14.2 per cent on his purchase price and the av- erage mark-up price of the retailer is iThe City Fruit Stand is of Growing Importance to the Producer. DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1915. The Consumer’s Dollar ’ By DON FRANCISCO Ellllmllllllliillll|lilllillmlllllllilllilllllllllllll|llllllllllllIIHIIIIIHIIHlllllllillllllilllillllIllllllll|NIH“lllllillilllllmlIllilllllilllililIll!“llIlilllilllllllllliillill|”HIIIIHIIIIHIHIIHHHIlllHIIHHHHHHIHHIHHHHI[TEE l IIllIlllllIllillllilllllllllilllllillllilili'llllllI”llHI“Hill!IIIHIHIIHMIHI knowledge. 49.8 per cent on his purchase price, both of the latter figures including the loss from decayed fruit. It required merely a hasty perusal of these statistics to convince these thrifty growers that it was the retail- ing system which was most at fault. When these men revolutionized the former marketing system of the coun- try by the organization of their won- derfully efficient co—opertive exchange, they reduced the cost of marketing We have had a great desire to know just how the Consumer’s Dollar is spent. Don Francisco, the author of this article, has called upon 3,000 grocers, divers commission houses, brokers, consumers, transportation companies, and every agency connected with the distribution of the products of 7,000 fruit growers, to get this very He knows the situation pretty thoroughly and in this E article he points out some real reasons why the consumer of fruits E pays so much and the farmer gets so little. 2 I.IllllHlllllHllllHHHHIHHIHHIHHI :HHHH]lHHIHIIIHIHHHIHIIIHJIlifHIIHIIHHIIHIHillIIHIIHIlilllilllilililWWIHHIHIHIHHIliHHHHHlHHlIllIHIIIHHIIHIIHHIIIHHIHHIHHHlIIHHIIIHHIll!HHIHIIIHHIHIIH ! IIEHIJHHIHIHHHIHIHI: l l hi? about the poor marketing conditions and the failure to make a just profit even on products of superior quality. Only recently has the producer come to realize that his complaints are pro- voked by the same forces which ag- gravate the consumer and it seems likely that this understanding may work to their mutual benefit. Due to the existence of some un- scrupulous commission merchants, wholesalers and jobbers in almost ev- 50 CENTS A YEAR. 32 FOR 5 YEARS. NI - fRIlGHT / a RIFRlGEMTlON ' 3.90.5 Observe the Part that Goes to the Grower. tivation is more intensive and the use of expensive fertilizers more common. In sections where farm labor was for merly abundant for a daily wage of $2.25 it cannot now be procured at $2.50. These conditions, while they tend to improve the quality of the pro- ducts as we find them on the market, do not necessarily always make for in- creased quality produced. Many com- modities formerly sold only to a. wealthier trade are now in demand by the great middle classes and, despite all efforts to reduce it, the cost of pro- ducing these improved products has increased to meet the demands of the more exacting market. In general it may be said that where prices have risen during the past few years costs of transportation have re- mained level. Co-operative shipping has made possible the moving of more produce under the carlot rate. A grow- er 700 miles from his market may ship his crop in modern refrigerated or ventilated cars for a cost no great- er than that necessary to the farmer who brings his load 20 miles on a _ . _ horse-draw n ( 1. ‘ Attractive Displays of Fruits and Vegetables Such as this are Conducwe to 11 co veyance The average Bigger Business in Perishables. oranges to four and one-half cents per box, which incidentally, is the lowest marketing cost for any agricultural crop in the world. With their cost for selling the distant jobber as low as 1.5 per cent it is natural that they should resent any system of distribu- tion within the cities which showed a gross cost of 41.5 per cent of the ulti‘ mate selling price. And, having solv- ed so satisfactorily the problem of get- ting their fruit into all markets at a minimum cost, it will not be unnat- ural if they set about to improve the pernicious retailing system as it now exists. In the war against the high cost of' food products and the effort to pre- vent markets going hungry for pro- ducts which rotted in the fields a few hundred miles away, every element in this cost-producing system has been bombarded. Very naturally the bulk of the criticism of high prices has emanated from the consumer. Pub- lic opinion alone has been a potent factor in lowering prices on some pro- ducts. While the consumer at one end of the distributing system has been assailing what he termed an unjust and extravagant marketing scheme, the producer has been grumbling ery community—and the equally de- plorable fact that there is always a sufficient number of producers who will support them rather than use the means at their disposal to sell only to honest merchants—the middlemen, as they are collectively termed, have been fdrced to bear a portion of the criticism which is somewhat in excess of their deserts. The entrance into the marketing field a few years ago of the growers’ co-operative associa- tion removed much uncertainty, un- necessary rehandling and needless ex- pense and the jobbing and wholesale business throughout the country has been stabilized as a result. The efforts of the Department of Agriculture, the Agricultural Colleges and the experiment stations, the or- ganizations of growers and the grow- ers themselves have combined to keep the actual cost of production as low as modern scientific study and prac- tice will permit. But the market to- day demands more elaborate methods of culture, more careful handling, bet- ter grading and packing, as well as transportation over greater distances. The soil has been made to produce fruit which is far superior to that grown under former conditions. Cul- is seven mills per ton for rail, three mills per ton on inland waterways and 23 cents per ton on horse-drawn trucks. Improved methods of handling have reduced losses in perishables and less- ened the necessity for regrading and repacking. The motor truck has made a big stride toward solving the cartage problem which is yet one of the most (Continued on page 222). . .wi- The Push Cart Brigade Salls Large Quantities of Perishables. 202—2 » _ The Michigan Farmer Established .1843. . ,3 _, outings: ms. The Lawrence Publishing .Co. Editor: and Proprietors. 3" " ‘5 “ansmrnuw "w NEW YORK OFFICE—41 Park Row. ClllCAGO OVER—6“ AW m. CLEVMD OFFICE—10114015 Om Ara. I. B. PHILADELPHIA OFFICE—2M. Tm a. ' ................... President "Vice-mu ....Sec.-Treas. M, I. MWKENC‘E......... .... M. L. LAWRENCE-... E. H. HOUGHTON--- J. K. WATERBUlY-n-n...”......” .......... } m BUK'I’ WERM U'l‘H ................................ ' - Edison FRANK A. WILKENu-u-mum- -- ALTA LAWSON leLL-fi-m-u-n- E. H. HOUGHTONu-mn m-m-m-mn-Buaincu Manages TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: One year, 52 issues......... ............................ Two years, 104 issuer-"......" Three years, 156 issues ------ Five yarn. 269 ism........................... ... All sent postpaiiL Claudia: W 50: a yawn 60v postage. u». RATES OF ADVERTISING: 40th per line agate type measurement. or 85.60 per inch \14 agate lines per inch} per insertion. No adv‘t In scrtcd for less than $1.20 each insertion. No objection- able advertisement inserted a any price. Mun Sundard-B—Earm Paper: Association and Audit urcau of Circ ulition. - Enlrd as second class matter at the Detroit. Michigan. posmflicc. DETRQlT, SEPT. 11, 1915 CURRENT COM M ENT. In another col- umn of this is- sue will be found the offi- cial announcement of a meeting of the Michigan Bean Growers’ Associa- tion to be held at Flint, Mich, on Sep- tember 15. At this meeting represen~ tatives from the respective county oganizations will meet with a com- ] ittee of the Michigan Bean Jobbers’ Association for the purpose of under- taking to agree on a price basis for the current year’s bean crop. This is an important meeting in that it affects one of Michigan’s most important cash crops, and is the first attempt of ilo kind toward the solution of the vexed marketing problem. While the history of this movement should be fairly familiar to Michigan Farmer readers, a review of same will not be amiss at this time. During the e:‘.rly months of 1914, when the bean rharket was exhibiting unusual fluctu— ations, with a strong downward ten- dency which entailed losses of consid- erable magnitude to both growers who were holding their crop for future marketing and dealers who had stock- ed up heavily in anticipation of possi— ble advances, several conferences were held between prominent bean growers and representatives of farmers’ organ- izations and committees of the Mich- igan Bean Jobbers’ Association. At least one of these meetings was at- tended by a representative of the U. S. Bureau of Markets and a plan was formulated for a campaign of educa- tion and organization among Michi- gan bean growers to he participated in by said Bureau of Markets. Later developments due to the out- hroak of the European war made it impractical to carry out the tentative plans in this direction. The idea was, however, not abandoned, and last No— vember a number of prominent men who had become interested in the movement united in the calling of a meeting of bean growers, which was hold at Saginaw. There was a good attendance of growers at this meet- ing, and after a full discussion, it was determined to organize local county associations of bean growers. which would send representatives to a later meeting for the purpose of organizing the Michigan Bean Growers’ Associa- tion on a permanent basis. During the winter Mr. James N. Mc- Bride, who first advanced the idea, presented the proposition to the farm- ersofmostofthelargerbeangrow— ing counties of the state, with the re sult that mintions were perfected in some fifteen comties. In larch another meeting was held at Saginaw at which the permanent organization was effected. and a tentative line of procedure mapped. out. _ ,. Important Bean Grow- ers’ Meeting. 'keting. TH EyMr‘c H I CA N FA R M-ER The meeting which will be held at Flint next week is called for the pur- pose of carrying out the original idea ‘ along the line of controlled marketing, through a cooperative agreement be- tween organized growers and organ- imd dealers. As a result of the work already done, the U. S. Department of Agriculture is this year for the first time collecting data with regard to the bean crop, and an official report of this condition will be available before the date of the meeting. With a gen- eral cooperation of growers and deal- ers, which it would seem from pre- vious developments might be insured at this meeting, there is every reason to believe that this great Michigan cash crop can be taken out of the speculative class so far as the market- ing proposition is concerned. Bean growers in all sections of the state should be represented at this meeting either in person or by dele- gates of the local organization with which they may be affiliated. It is, of course, difficult, if not impossible, to get anything like a full membership of bean growers in the local organiza- tions when first formed, but it is im- portant that the Flint meeting be a representative one, in which the views of a sufficient number of bean grow- ers of the state may be heard to in- sure the general cooperation of other growers with the plans which may be adopted at this meeting. The bean growers. of the state are in a far stronger position than are the grow- ers of any other special farm product, inasmuch as they produce the bulk of the country’s Crop. They have before them an opportunity to demonstrate the value of controlled marketing which is enjoyed by no other class of farmers in the country. W‘e bespeak for this meeting a large attendance and the hearty cooperation of bean growers in every section of the state. This issue is be- ing sent 'to some _ former subscrib- ers to the Michigan Farmer who are not now taking the paper. Some of these may have special reasons which are satisfactory to themselves for not having renewed their subscriptions when same expired- Many more are doubtless in the much larger class who have let their subscriptions lapse without any special purpose in the matter. No matter which of these classes the reader may be in, if he will carefully look through the pages Your Farm Paper. of this issue he will find something to 23 interest him and which will prove of real, substantial value to mm in his business. The same will be true of each of the 52‘ issues which he would receive during the year as a regular subscriber, and all at so small a week- ly cost as to be out of all proportion to the benefit derived. This is an age of good reading mat- ter, and there is a very large list from which the farmer as well as the city resident may make selections for his reading table, but any list that may be selected will certainly be most incomplete without your own trade paper. The Michigan Farmer is just that- It is your farm paper—{be only paper which is published especially for Michigan farmers, backed by the honest effort of experienced publish- ers to make it a trade paper in the 6 1 best sense of the word for all the farmers of Michigan, whether engag- ed in general farming or in some spe- cial line of production of which Mich- igan farms have such a variety. In tal ration fer general home consent-p. tion. ' ' look this issue over foriifeatures . which are of interact to you. It will make unnecessary ‘ the advancement of "any further reasons why you should again become a subscriber to your farm paper. Every Michigan Farmer owesthe duty to himself and his family, if not to his agricul- tural society to patronize his agricul- tural fair, at least by attendance if not by exhibits, and preferably by. both. Four days remain in which to attend the State Fair at Detroit, if you were unable to attend last week and it would be time and money profitably expended to patronize this greatest of Michigan’s agricultural fairs by at least one day’s attendance. On the following week occurs the “West Michigan State Fair" at Grand Rap~ ids, which is always worthy of patron- age, and from the announcement which appears on another page of this issue will be seen to promise bet- ter entertainment this year than ever before in its successful history. Then there is the long list of district, coun— ty and local fairs yet to be held which are noted in this issue under the heading of “Michigan Fairs.” Each and every one of these is worthy of patronage by those who live in adja- cent territory. The general patron- age of these agricultural fairs will not only help to make them successful events, but it will help to make the patrons better farmers and better cit- izens, .besides making life better worth the living. Patronize Your Fair. MICHIGAN FAIRS. Alger 00., Munising, Sept 15-17. Allegan County Agricultural Society, AIlegan, Sept. 28 to Oct. 1. Alpena Fair, Alpena, Sept. 28-30. Arenac County Agricultural Society, Standish, Sept- 15-17. Armada Agricultural Society, Arma- da, Oct. 6-8. Cheboygan County Fair, Wolverine," Oct. 5-.7. Chippewa County Agricultural Soci- ety, Sault Ste. Marie, Sept. 2042. , Clare County Agricultin'al Society, Harrison, Sept. 14-17. Clinton County Fair, St. Johns, Sept. 28 to Oct. 1. Copper Country Fair, Houghton, Sept. 28 to Oct. 2. . Croswell Fair, Croswell, Sept. 2245. Eaton County . Fair, Charlotte, Sept. 28 to Oct. 1. 14.Elirrlmnet County Fair, Petookey, Sept. as: River Valley m, Burt, Sept. " hwlerville Agricultural Society Fowlervflle, Oct. 58. Grand Traverse Region Fair Asso- ciation, Traverse City, Sept. 20-24. Grange Fair of St. Joseph County, Centreville, Sept. 28 to Oct. 1. Grangers, Gleaners and Farmers’ Fair, Big Rapids, Sept. 28-30. Billsdale County Agricultural Soci- ety, Hillsdale, Sept. 27 to Oct. 2-. Imlay City Fair, Imlay City, Sept. 28 to Oct. 1. 3fiagclrson County Fair, Jackson, Sept. ‘ zoléinawee County Fair, Adrian, Sept. Livingston County Fair Association, Howell, Sept. 21-24- Luce County, Newberry, Sept. 23-25. Manistee County Agricultural Soci- ety. Onekama, Sept. 21-24. Marquette County Fair, Sept. 7—11. Menominee County Fair, Menomi- nee. Sept. 28 to Oct. 1‘. - bgichigan State Fair. Detroit, Sept. Marquette, 'North Branch Fair, North Branch, Sent. 22-24. Northern District Fair. Cadillac, Sept. 14-17. Oceana County Agricultural Sodety, Hart, Sept. 21-25. Otsego County Fair, Gaylord, Sept. it you will find the most advanced 28-30 ideas of the day on the all important subjects of reducing the cost of produc- tion by better cultural methods and securing a larger percentage of the consumer’s dollar for the products of the farm by better methods of mar- less technical matter will be found educational and entertainment fear tures which make‘the Michigan Farm- er-a well. balanced and-desirable men,- And mixed with this move-or ' Sanilac County Agricultural Society, Sandusky, Sept. 28 to Oct. 1. Schoolcraft County Agricultural So— ciety, Maoistique,Sept. '28 to Dot. 1. South -Ottawa and West Allegan Fair. Holland. Sept. 14-17. _ » . West Michigan. State Fair. Grand Rapids, Sept. 20-24. , , , ' Whittemore Fair, Whittemore,'Sept. 17-18. . Little minds are tamed and» whdued bv misfortune: but great minds. rise above. its—Washington: Irving; -. :~ ' SEPT: :11.” nus. ' HAPPENING: or THE week. Fenian. ' ‘ The European War.~——Tbe Austro- German armies continue to . awayatthelonglluuianfront. The Casts forces have retired all along the line except at the two Mensa; mid ' ~m¢a inGaliciatheyamholdingflrmlyto: wmfie line intersected by hills, while 5. northern in the districtotRiga, attire extreme, they have thus far held out amines t the‘vigorous attack'of the :' Teutonic refiments, although the lat— ' ter have forced the fortified bridge- 2 head at Lannawada. on the Divine. river between Friedrichstadt and Riga - and have captured Grodno farther to i the south. The Russians are report- ed to have taken the offensive to the northwest of Vilna which is intended to relieve the German pressure on the line along the Dvina. Critics believe 2 that the Teutons contemplate a drive . to the southeast of Galicia for the ' purpose of either capturing Kiev or the placing of a wedge between Rus- sxa and Roumania to induce the lat- ter country to allow war munitions to .. ...... v“. be transported from Germany to Tur- . key. Along the Dardanelles the Allied forces are making small gains on the Gallipoli peninsula. Italian successes continue to be reported, Geritz 16 mlles beyond the frontier and an im- portant position on the road to Trieste is now commanded by Italian artillery. The western conflict was revived last week by general engagements with heavy guns at many points from the Vosges to the Belgium line, which is considered as the beginning of a new offensive by the French and British. A British transport containing 1,800 men is reported sunk by a mine in the Aeegan Sea. ‘ Germany complies with the de- mands .of the United States in con- nection with the submarine warfare, assuring this country that passenger boats will not be sunk without first giving warning and that the rights of neutrals will be protected. This atti- tude has relieved the strained rela- tions between the two countries which was extremely precarious following the sinking of the Arabic a fortnight 380- Austria is about to declare war on Roumania. The steamer Hesperian was sunk early Monday morning after having been torpedoed on? the British coast. Twelve passengers and 13 of the crew are missing. No Americans are among those who perished. Report has reached here that the Germans are about to replace Zepplin aircraft with giant biplanes which measure 421;; metres from tip to tip. The motors develop 300 horsepower. . National. .Offioials in Washington appear to be much worried over the activities of . Mexican bandits along the, border of Texas and Arizona. If possible to determine whether these bands of has not been ‘ raiders are organized or 5 whether they are merely operating on 2 their own account. General F‘unston who has command of the American troops along the border now has 22: , 000 soldiers under arms. Minor en- ;‘ gagements have occurred between the E soldiers and the raiders on this. side . of the border lines. 011 Friday last the downward trend of exchange rates on British pound ’- sterling was checked by the securing of a large British loan in American markets. A delegation of English financiers are enroute to New York ; for the express purpose of adjusting their credit in this country and there- by overcoming the necessity of Eng- lish houses paying such heavy premi- ums on the purchase of American gtiods. The third consignemtn of Brit— 13 gold and securities amounting to 1 about $50,000,000, arrived at Halifax 3 Monday on the British cruiser Ar- gyle. The shipment was made to aid British credit on this side. ‘ Governor Whitman, of New York, has sent troops to maintain order at . Deferiet, where workers in the paper mills who are out on strike, started a riot last Friday. The contributions made by Ameri- cans to the Belgian relief fund has already amounted to $89,000,000. Ship- ments have reached a total of 458,216 tons. - ' Boxing is under the ban in Ohio, and to psi-event a bout at Columbus on Labor Day, Company G of the Ohio Nallt'igmal Guard was called out. rec persons injured when an intemban car crash- ed into an automobile in Wyandotte on loudest. . , , There is an epidemic of infantile paralysis at Brie, Pa. State health officers and expert scientists have becncalledintoehecktbespreadot the disease. The practice ever planned by the Navy Department. was begun. Mondayotf the Virginia. capes. There will also be war games that. will follow 'closel'y'acf' tual war conditions: ' ‘ werekilledandtivo most comprehensive target: .'........n g. ' ... . . A m” snpr,'.11.,g-191v5. THE MICHIGAN: FAR'MER Eliminate Waste, In Harvesting the ‘ HEN we talk of handling the Q» corn crop of the country we are talking of the crop that stands first as to acreage growu and the crop that represents the greatest value in dollars and cents of any of the crops raised on the farm. Corn is called the king of American crops. Some other crops like cotton attract much attention in some locations, but can be successfully raised in only a part of the country. The corn crop re- ceives attention, and very properly, too, of the farmers in nearly all parts of the United States. The figures re- quired to tell of the acreage, yield and money value of the corn crop in one year, are suflicient to astonish if they do not overtax our comprehen- sion. In the year 1914 there were 105,000,- 000 acres devoted to corn in the Uni- ted States. There was produced in that year 2,700,000,000 bushels, repre- senting a money value of $1,900,000,- 000. The crop of corn in the whole world in 1914 was 3,500,000,000. The United States produced two-thirds of the world’s supply in that year, and therefore produced the largest and most valuable crop in the world. We lead the nations of the earth in the production of corn, pork and the total of the meat producing animals. While there is much to be proud of in connection with this great crop, we when the ears are at the glazing point. Putting in the Silo. Corn cut at the time mentioned and put into the silo represents the high- est value attainable: the grain is per- fected, and the stalks have all the nutrient elements in them in an avail- able form. Under such conditions the crop is saved with the least waste of any method known, for the stalks are all saved and in a palatable and di- gestible form. The grain may dete- riorate in a slight degree during the process of fermentation, but the ease with which it is thoroughly masticat- ed after it comes out of the silo, which makes it digestible, may compensate- for the “small loss in fermentation. The silo has more things to com- mend it than we have space at the present time to mention. When one has put his corn in the silo, it is shel- tered in the best manner from the damaging effects of storms. Old Methods Produce Waste. It has been my privilege to travel over different parts of the state at all times of the year, and it has been my practice to observe the methods or plans followed by a large number of farmers. While the corn crop is the most valuable crop that is raised on the farm, considering both forage and grain, it is the one must neglected. From the time the grain matures to A Good OldFashioned Job of Cutting and Shocking the Corn Crop. have to admit that our methods of harvesting and caring for and using the crop are such that we waste in value at an enormous rate. Careful , estimates place the wastes around 40 per cent when the whole country is considered. In Michigan the area on which corn is raised is not so great as in some of the other states, nor are the wastes so apparent. In 1914 Michigan farm- ers produced 60,912,000 bushels which represent a money value of $42,638,400. The crop was a good one and on ac- count of peculiar conditions the mon- ey value of the crop is high. There is a marked contrast between the prices at which corn is sold and the prices which have prevailed for a long pe- riod of time in the past. The prices are such as are likely to encourage more attention in gathering the crop to save wastes. Given the crop attention should be first given to the time when it repre- sents the greatest value. In Michigan the value of the forage receives con- sideration, while in many parts of the country the grain alone is considered, and a large percentage of the value of the stalks is wasted. It is not a guess to say that when three-fourths of the corn ears are glazed, the crop is in a condition which represents the larg- est money value. If left for all the ears, both late and early, to become glazed, there will be a deterioration in the value of some of» the stalks. After the stalks have become dead ripe they have lost their juiciness, and are nev- er after as palatable and nutritious as the time that the stalks are piled in stacks, there is general mismanage- ment which results in wastes of both grain and stalks. In many cases the corn is left stand- ing too long before it is cut and shock- ed. The golden moment to cut it is at the time when the ears are well glazed and the stalks are green and juicy. If the corn is then cut and put up in large sized shocks to cure, there The Corn Harvester Is a Valuable Aid in Harvesting the Corn can be retained in the stalks a large percentage of the feeding value. On account of the lack of sufficient help on the farm, other work is pressing and is attended to and the corn is neglected. If possible to do so, it pays well to secure the corn when it is at its best. When traveling up and down the state engaged at farmers’ institute work, I have noticed that com husk- ing is too often deferred until very late in the season. When we see corn shocks standing in the fields until midwinter we know that there is to be a great waste, both in the deteriora- tion of the value of the stalks as feed, and in the waste of the grain by mice and more or less injury by moisture and freezing. Last year there was a heavy crop of corn which represented great value, both for forage and grain, and yet many of the stalks were left standing in the fields until they had to be removed in order to plow the ground to sow oats in the spring. The feeding season for stalks had passed and they were wasted with the ex- pense of moving them to make place for something else, added. Such wasteful practices should be looked upon as criminal. Each and every individual has a duty which he owes to himself, his family and to the community in which he lives, and to ruthlessly and carelessly waste valu- able farm products, is committing a crime against himself and those to- ward Whom he is indebted for many of the possibilities of enjoyment, in many ways, in life. A sentiment should be awakened and cultivated in every farming community, which will make every individual feel that when he wantonly wastes that which is use- ful and valuable, he commits a crime against himself, his family and his community. It would be far better for those who have an over surplus of roughage to secure more live stock to which it can be fed, and sell the stock in the mar- ket, thereby increasing the income, and by saving the manure and apply- ing it to the land, help to maintain the fertility of the soil. The time is at hand when there should be vigorous protests brought forward against careless and criminal wastes of valuable farm products. It is the prudent man’s duty to speak up against it. There was never a bet- ter time to begin than now when there is a vigorous demand for all the mar- ketable crops raised on the farm at high prices. Methods by which the wastes can be avoided will benefit both the producer and consumer, and a better condition with all will prevail. Wayne Co. N. A. CLAPP. twig. 5 , ' ' ' I - ' ,_v..-->~- 3—203 Corn Crop The Most Economic Storage for the Corn Crop. BETTER T0 THRESH GRAIN LATE. We believe it better not to thresh grain now but to hold it in the straw until December or later unless secur- ed in well-cured condition. Those who thresh early in a season like the pres- ent one, stand a chance of decreasing the market value of their grain or los- ing it perhaps entirely through heat- ing in the bin. Complaints of grain being in bad shape are already reaching us. To overcome the trouble some are mix- ing chaff in the grain after it is threshed to absorb the excess mois- ture; some are even buying bricks to throw into the bins, others use boards and sticks, while many are endeavor- ing to avoid loss by shoveling the pile of grain frequently or by trying to dispose of it to the elevator men who are obliged to reduce the price liber- ally, since they must go to the expense of drying the grain before it will keep. There is no better or cheaper place to cure this grain than in the straw. The chaff which surrounds each ker- nel tends to absorb the moisture, while the air about the straw and in the hollow stem does the same work to a greater degree and a far more efficient manner than the chaff, bricks or wood accomplishes when put in the bin after the grain is threshed. Where the grain is yet to be put into the mow or stacked and is in bad Crop at its Period of Maximum Feed Value. 204—4 condition, it might be well to venti- late the stack or mow. In the mow this may be done by first providing ventilation in the floor. If a basement barn this can be done by cutting holes through the floor, over each one of which a box about a foot square and four or five feet high is placed. As the grain is put in, the boxes are lift- ed up so as to make continuous open- ings up to the top of the mow at a number of points. Leave the boxes in the top of these air channels. They permit the circulation of air and pro- vide an escape for the moisture. If the grain is to be put in a bay that reaches to the ground or to be stack- ed, lay down plenty of rails before putting the grain thereon. Best results are obtained .when the rails are cross- ed in three courses. Ventilation by using the box as. above described for mows can also be employed in the stack. Carry the square boxes up from the bottom until they come out of the side of the stack where they can be left. Put a V-shaped cover ov- er the top and then place some marsh hay or other material that will shed water readily over the top and under the butts of the bundles above so that water cannot find its way down through the hole. Keep the center of the stack firm, the bundles sloping well to the outside and top the stack carefully so that the water will shed off readily. It may be argued that the thresher- men will not take well to delaying the threshing until so late in the season. However, if a number of farmers in a community will join in holding off until late, the threshermen will have little or no objection as they can bet- ter afford to do all of the threshing at one time than to do a portion of it early and that of one or two farmers later in the season. Most thresher- men, too, who are interested in the welfare of the farmers of their com- munity will advise for the good of the crop and the farmers that this delay in threshing be made. The experience of the writer’s fath- er, who was a Michigan thresherman for over 35 years and is still a farmer, during the famous wet harvest of 1879, is in point. He in vain urged neigh- bors to hold their grain in the straw and held his own until the holidays. By doing this he had a fine lot of per fect grain to sell, while those who threshed early in the season lost prac- tically all of their year’s crops. This is a similar season to the one 39 years ago, and we are issuing this warning with the hopes that it may result in the saving of much grain in Michigan and adjacent states. Gratiot Co. W. B. SMOOTH OR ‘BEARDED WHEAT. The relative qualities of smooth and bearded wheat might profitably be considered at this time. There are comparatively few farmers in this sec- tion who longer grow bearded wheat. Threshermen have long ago taught the farmers that smooth wheat is not so easily threshed as bearded wheat. So far as we know, this feature of the bearded wheat is the only excellence which places it ahead of the smooth, yet we are somewhat inclined to think that this distinction is greatly exag- gerated. Smooth wheat when well rip- ened and has gone entirely through its sweat in the stack or mow can be threshed well enough by the thresher- man who thoroughly understands the business. In harvesting wheat, we allow it to thoroughly ripen before cutting. This was not the practice years ago when the sheaves were bound by hand, but since the bundles are bound by ma- chinery every experienced farmer knows that the operation is far more satisfactorily performed when , the grain is ripe—even dead ripe. Then. too, every experienced farmer knows THE MICHIGAN FARMER that ripe grain will cure~better and be more plump than the half ripe. Of course, if the bearded varieties are allowed to thoroughly ripen before cutting, the heads will shell out to some extent, and this is the argument most frequently made against them. The smooth varieties will not shell so much. It is not very easy to make a good and compact shock of dead ripe, bristly bearded wheat. The wet weath- er during the time wheat stood in the shocks this year was especially damaging to bearded wheat while the smooth wheat stood it much better be- cause of the more close and compact shocks. Another argument against bearded wheat is that it is as a rule more lia- ble to lodge than the smooth. The beards catch and hold the rain to some ~ heavy as a result. extent, and the stalks become . top- If a windstorm ov- ertakes the wheat in this condition, the heads, heavy with moisture, are very liable,to go down. Some beard- ed wheats, however, have stiff straw, and this will prevent it, to a great ex- tent, from going down when top-heavy with moisture. As to the comparative yields of bearded and smooth wheats, we be- least that has been our experience. Our lieve there is but little difierence. At observation and experience has been that the matter of yield depends on things other than smoothness or beard- edness, the principal one's being rich- ness of soil, careful management in its preparation, and good, plump grain with which to sow the crop. Indiana. D. LEATHERMAN. uummnmnuuummnnuummum“mm!ummmmmnHumannmmamnmmmmlllmlmmmumnmlmmmmmnmmmmmmmMmmmm It Pays to Fall Plow Early UTTING off plowing until the last minute will often cause a farmer to lose more than he imagines or can ever figure. The maximum crop that a farmer can grow depends largely upon the seed bed. The seed bed depends upon plowing. If the ground is not properly plowed no amount of surface preparation will make a good seed bed. This year there is abundant mois- ture in almost every section of the country. We do not know whether the fall will be dry or Whether we will have more rain. We do know. that there is plenty of moisture in the ground now. If the farmer plows ear- ly and harrows properly after plowing, he will prevent the rapid evaporation of moisture, in the event that fall turns out to be dry. If rain fall con- tinue to be abundant he is not doing the ground an injury, because the loose nature of the plowed earth will tend to hold the moisture. The importance of the soil retain- ing moisture is that when the seed is planted air and moisture are more apt to be mixed in the proper quantities for the development of plant food, which is necessary to start sprouting and growth of the plant. It happens very frequently that drouth exists at the very time in the fall when wheat seed should be sprouting and grow- ing. If the farmer waits to plow until late the ground has no opportunity to drink in the moisture. If this fall happens to be dry the ground will be very hard to plow, and there will be no opportunity to Work the seed bed into the right shape to give the wheat seed proper nourishment. Everyone knows that the proper seed bed fer wheat is a compact sub~ surface, full of moisture, and an inch or two of finely pulverized soil on the top. One of the great reasons why fall wheat winter-kills is that after the, seed sprouts and grows to a certain height there is not enough available plant food in the ground to make the plant strong enough to withstand the freezing influences of winter. In oth- er words, the plant sprouts and grows and the cold, dry soil kills the plant before it has grown sufficient to with- stand the cold. This is brought about by air spaces in the soil caused by, the hasty preparation of the seed bed. The farmer who plows his ground early and in most cases deep, and pul- verizes with a disk or pulverizer until he is sure that the air spaces are en- tirely eliminated will have little to fear from winter-killing. If the farm— er, when ‘preparing the seed bed, would dig into the ground for the pur- pose of ascertaining whether the soil particles were compact or not, and whether capillarity could take place with the subsoil, then, if he found the seed bed full of holes, and would keep 'working it until these holes or air spaces disappeared he would make .many additionalzmllars. »~ Killing of vermin is another benefit to be derived from this kind of plow— ing. After a crop has been harvested the field nearly always contains a great many insects and insect eggs. Early fall plowing with the proper .pulverizing of the soil will go a long way toward eradicating these pets. A great many farmers have demon- strated that the Hessian fly is very successfully fought by disking the wheat stubble immediately after har- vest. At this time the insects are in the ground in what is called the flax seed stage. Disking throws the lar- vae out on the surface and exposes them to such conditions as the heat of the sun and air that many die. The farmer following this disking with deep plowing covers the remainder so that the destruction is very complete. It has been demonstrated further that if the ground is thoroughly per- meated with moisture and plant food with sufficient nitrogen to start fer- mentation in every particle of soil, larvae and insect eggs are destroyed. Farmers will find that air spaces left in the soil, filled with trash are the best breeding places in the world for all kinds of insects. Farmers who take it upon themselves to see that their ground is properly plowed will eradicate, to a large extent, the insect pests. Early plowing has an immense amount to do with this. Nature~ provides that insects shall exist in periods when food upon which they feed is grown. The other stages are spent in the propagation of their kind. The time to kill the pests is in the propagation period. Early fall plowing helps the farmer to kill the larvae at a period when the greatest destruction of the pests can be ac. complished. Early fall plowing accomplishes an- other result, whether the farmer sows fall crops or lets the plowed field lie for seeding until the following spring. It very seldom happens that the farm- er has sufficient time in the spring to plow and compact the seed bed as it should be done. Fall plowing gives the winter’s freezing a chance to do what he cannot do himself—compact- ing. Nature can do it much better than any artificial device that man has invented. The fall rains, the win~ ter snows and the spring rains are conserved much more fully by the plowed ground than they are by leav- ing the stubble exposed. As a matter of fact stubble ground leaves the sur- face exposed to such an extent that tons upon tons of moisture escape ev— ery fall that .could be conserved to benefit the crops for the following year. We must not forget that the abund- ant rains which we have now will some time cease and if we make prep- arations to keep all the moisture we possibly can in the ground we do” not need to worry about dry weather next year. No one can claim to be a suc- Cessful weather prophet, - bath is a seer. .11.. .1915. matter of history that wet years are almost invariably followed by exceed- ingly dry ones. 'If farmers take the precaution this fall to keep the abund— ant moisture which we have in the ground, the wail of dry weather need not be heard next year. . Indiana. J. D. OLrVER. CROP AND FERTILIZER QUES- TlONS. Angle Worms. Do angle worms injure the soil in which they work, and if so how can one rid the soil of them? Also kindly give me advice in regard to inocu- lation for alfalfa. I wish to grow the crop and think our land is somewhat adapted to it, I seeded a field in oats two years ago, some alfalfa seed be— ing mixed in with the clover. seed. Some of the plants looked sickly but most of them were a dark green and healthy in appearance. Will it... in your Opinion, be necessary to inocu— late the seed or land, and if so what method would you advise? Alcona Co. W. R. Angle worms do not injure the soil. On the contrary they are a benefit to it. You never find angle-worms only on land containing plenty-of humus, and much of this humus is in a raw state, or to speak more correctly, this is vegetable matter not yet changed to what we might call vegetable mold or humus. The worms partially live on this organic matter and change it so it becomes humus, they therefore work over the crude stuff they find in the soil and convert some of its into available plant food. When this angle- worm soil is properly aerated (tilled) it is very productive. lnoculatlng for Alfalfa. Some soils seem to be already inoc~ ulated with alfalfa bacteria, also they contain sufficient nitrogen to feed the plant until natural inoculation takes place. Not knowing this, and there is no way tofind out except by experi- menting, it ‘is always safest to inocu- late. Besides the expense of inocula— tion is so small that there is really no excuse for not inoculating. You can buy enough commercial culture for $1 to inoculate a bushel of seed. If the culture is properly handled you are practically certain of successful re- sults. You can get a pound of dry dirt from an old alfalfa field, dry it in the shade and use the glue method, and you will be practically sure of results. Again, buy enough dirt from an estab- lished alfalfa field so you have 100 pounds of dirt for each acre of alfal- fa and apply this dirt with a fertilizer drill. This is a splendid way and will always give results. The glue method of inoculation con- sists in dissolving five cents worth of glue in one quart of warm water and wetting one bushel of seed thorough- ly. Use a wash tub or two of them. pour the dissolved glue on the seed and stir until the seeds are all wet. ,Then sprinkle on the dry alfalfa soil, made very fine by rubbing, and stir thoroughly. Some of this fine dirt will stick to each seed. Sow the seed with a drill if possible so it will not come in direct contact with the rays of the sun. It sown broadcast sow on cloudy day or after sundown and har— row in at once. COLON C. LILLIE. WHY ENSILAGE MOLDS. ,Ensilage can only mold as it has a good deal of air in it. This may be due to the corn being too dry or be- cause it is not packed well enough. Moldy ensilage is dangerous for all kinds of stock. If the corn is rather .dry when put into the silo, water should be added and in whatever con‘ dition it is it should be well tramped. _ The deeper the silo the better the air is excluded, due to the heavier pack- ing—N. D. Ex. Sta. Success in life depends upon staying power. The reason for failure in most cases is lack 'of perseverance. Men get tired and-give up.—J.’ R. Miller: ‘ w snpr. 11, 1915. The F arm EITHER a con espondence school course nor the academic discus. cussion of farm management, can determine the application of capi- tal and labor on the soil. Soil condi- tions, markets, capital, home labor and the ability to employ labor, to- gether with a man’s tastes are all fac- tors as to whether .it will be the farm simple or the farm complete. Simpli- fied farming and the more complete or complex farming are, after all, rela- tive terms and where the farm simple leaves off the farm complete begins one cannot say with definiteness. This understanding of terms is neces- sary which if not understood leads to conflict of opinions when the differ- ences are minor after all. The farm complete might be called the occupa: tional realization of one’s tastes on the farm and the endeavor to supply the demands arising from those tastes. The man with the born liking for animal life, develops some faculties along the line of supplying human needs whether it be from the dairy, the meat on the block or in the mate- rial that clothes and protects the body. With him the grain crop is not the end but the means to the end.. The enjoyment of the life chosen has added satisfactions, for the boun- tiful grain crop which is the delight on the farm simple is no less enjoyed on the farm complete. The reason for art is that it fills the faculties with high perceptions and incidentally crowds out low ideals. Were the his- tory of farming to be voided of its tri- umphs in animal life it would be a dreary recital. The farm that pro- duces from the dairy or makes meat or wool has the prolonged or added pleasures of the occupation claims the philosopher, while the artist asks as to their impression on the ideals and the economist asks, “does it pay?” Sir Horace Plunkett says that the farm should be an occupation, a life, and also a business. The farm com- plete gives wider experiences to life and greater opportunities to tastes which vary, and in the matter of finan- cial gain there is no complete and conclusive evidence. ' My own impression is that for many years crop farming was quite as prof- itable as the operation of the farm complete. It is doubtful if this is so true now or will be in future. The history of'English agriculture would indicate that stock raising on the farm is going to be profitable where it has not been so. In addition the western range is very much contracted as compared to former. years. It may well be conceded that stock farming has been over-rated as a factor in fer- tility maintenance, yet the demands for fertilizer have so much increased that this will be a factor in and of itself, but with more knowledge and ability to save animal manures with a minimum of loss a new rating can be given them more as an added factor in soil fertility. Live stock sold for commercial pur- poses is a bill of expense when ready for the market and until it is slaugh- tered. This being the case the mar- keting of meats has not been as suc‘ cessful as a whole as the more simple grain crops, which can be held, at lit- tle if any cost until market conditions improve. From a purely economic standpoint of the grower nothing more disadvantageous can be thought of than centering all the fat stock of the country at central markets and await— ing the pleasure and profit of the buy— er. The daily cost of a car of beef cattle on re market and a car of grain are no. comparable. These un- favorable conditions a‘s well as the spreading of disease through stock yards are questions of marketing that may, too, in the future be changed to the advantage of the future stock grower, and be an influence more fav- orable to the farm complete than at. present. THE MICHIGAN FARMFR Complete The farm simple does not care for labor the year around the way that is compelled on the farm complete, and this is one of the causes of lack of farm labor and a consequent loss to the farmer. The farm laborer can not go south with the wild geese when the crops are gathered in, nor can he hib- ernate. Again, it costs little more to employ labor for the year than it does for the season. Migratory farm labor, .the increase of city population, tenant farming, are some of the ills growing out of crop farming, to a very large extent. The long time leases of England and Scot- land and of continued farm labor year after year are inseparably interwoven with the live stock industry. The ac- tual investment of capital on the farm complete in machinery is rarely more covering a period of years than on the farm simple. Farming without live stock actually compels more of rota- tion and adding of new crops from time to time, these calling for new and additional machinery. On the farm complete there is often home consumption of feeds that are unmer- chantable, yet little impaired in feed- ing value that live stock will convert into cash most economically. A rea- sonable amount of live stock on a farm is salvage on what would other- wise be a loss. A shepherd farmer once told me he could go through the country and pick out the farms where sheep were kept, by the appearance of the fence rows. The main business of the industrial world is feeding and clothing its people, which in an ad- vanced civilization depends on the products of animal life. There is in the final analysis the necessity of the farm complete, and if its financial gain is not the equal of simplified farming the reason should be sought and a remedy found. Shiawassee Co. J. N. MCBRIDE. NEW FARMERS IN WESTERN MICHIGAN. The executive committee of the Western Michigan Development Bu- reau met at Traverse City, August 26, and the report of Secretary Gibson in- cluded the following: During the six months ending June 30 the efforts of the bureau have resulted in 1,352 fam- ilies-nioving into the various coun- ties. .The families averaged four mem: bers. They took up nearly 50,000 acres of land, the average being 36.8 acres per family. period about 127 families moved out, making a net gain of 1,225 families, or about 5,000 persons. It was decid- ed to have an exhibit at the West Michigan Fair, Grand Rapids, and at a few county or regional fairs, with less attention paid to fruit and more to grain, potatoes, etc. Fruit displays will be made in large store windows in Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Colum- bus and other cities. Kent Co. ALMOND GRIFFEN. PACKING ENSILAGE. Packing the ensilage well improves it. It is the air in the ensilage that spoils it and the more air in it the more acetic acid is formed. This is the acid that makes it sour. The less .air the less of the acetic acid and the more lactic acid, which is the most desirable. The tramping in compact- ing the ensilage leaves less room for air and so makes better ensilage. Cut- ting the ensilage fine makes it pack better. Half to three quarter-inch .lengths are the most satisfactory. “Try-a-bag” of fertilizer. Our brands are soluble and active, and not only increase yield,_ but improve quality and hasten maturity. Agents wanted. Address American Agricultural Chem- ical 00., Cleveland, Cincinnati, Detroit or Baltimore—Adv. I AYQiIl’IO 91)! 5—205 Not One Cent for Three Months Never before in the entire history of the gasoline engine business has there been an offer anything like this. And why? Simply because there has never before been produced an engine that could be sold ata remarkable bargain price, so marvelously perfect in every respect that its manufacturer has the confidence in it to say: Take my engine. Don’t send me a cent 0 your money until, from your own experience with it, you are absolutely sure that it is the engine in u want. If it isn 't. send it back at my expense. If it is. you may use it for 3 whole months balance' in 6.9 that before. Why this offer of No Money In Advance is possible. First. because the Majestic is such an amazing triumph in engine construction that we positively know it will stand up under the severest tests. Therefore, we have no hesitancy in sending it out without a cent in advance. without a deposit of any kind so that you. by testing it out on any kind of work, may let it efore you make even the first payment and then pay 9and 12 months and I' ll not charge you one cent of interest. " No, you’ ve never seen an offer like Yet that is precisely the offer that Hartman makes on this world-famous Majestic Engine. MAJESTIC STATIONARY ENGINE Size: 2. 3. 5.7 . (114 Horsepower Iron sub- base mountin'I Burns gasoline, all. naphtha, kerosene, distil ate. prove our claims for it right on your own place wholly at our risk. Second, because the tremendous financial strength of the great House of Hartman permits the extension of more liberal credit terms than have before been offered to the power users of this or any other country. Only the mammoth Hartman institution with its more than $10,000,000 capital. immense buying power and enormous output could afford to make such an offer. Great Majestic KEROSENNE. gi NAP” TflA, Simplegst. most durable, most powerfsul for its H—P. rating and most economical-to-operate gaso- line engine ever made. marvel of simplicity. Perfectly balanced—just right weight for the power it is designed to develop— no excessive friction. Big improvements in all vital Don't confuse it with old-style, over-heavy type of gasoline engines which are expensive to Operate; or with engines so light they literally tear themselves to pieces under a heavy load. The Majestic is the happy medium '—neither too heavy nor too light. Has fewer number of parts—a fl . ” ‘ I V “61-. w RMAJESTIC All-SteeRl Truck, wide-tired wheels, heavy hubs, staggeredspokes. Front axle swivel type; wheels passing ove_1~ obstiuctions the do not disturb vel of engine. 5. 7, 91m 14 H- P. mounted this style. parts-and the most wonderful automatic mixer ever put on a gasoline engine. Your Credit Good Nothing to pay for 3 months. A full year to pay without interest. No bank deposit—no references asked—no mortgage—no embarrassing questions- no collectors—no red tape of any kmd. Engine Write today f f I REE BOOK! ciérpyymi? iii: most wonderful book of engines ever published Tells why the vxnderful ligajestic is the biggest e no value 1n merica to ay. ngi Agkfor Special Engine Catalog No. 256-E HARTMAN CflMPANY 4043-45 Lafiaile Street. Chicago. Ill. ‘ MAJESTIC PORTABLE WOOD SAW OUTFIT ”’1'"; Friction Clutch Pulley All- Steel Truck. Table slides on wheels and' 19 so constructed that it cannot sag or get out of alignment. Outfit shipped with saw and complete, ready for work. Saw outfit can removed, eavin you a. Standard Portable En- gine. 5 7, 9 an 14 H- P. mounted this style. During the same, The Bates All Steel Oil Tractor is of ”nude "r design Free from freaks and untried con , strucuon. I1 is All Steel and; the gears are; . warranted not to break for i period of f1 ' , . year? hm; cheap kerosene as we -round. You can do your screwing with ~ « ) tractor as it . - "Di-.STEPACTORON "THE MARKET The Guarantee Lime 6 Write for low The Guarantee 88“ re'ader Is the most durable spreader on the market. Has the latest improvements. made from seat. including shifting clutch that throws machine in and out of gear. acre-mark. indicator, screen lid. seat, neck- yoke and double-t t.rees sure to please. Guarantee lmfaciurlug 61.01111. 1118, summon, lid. Fertilizer Spreader Sooner or later you will prices and Catalog 8. soli s. L I M E DIRECT TO YOU send sample and full particu- Pulverised lime rockw for' sour" Write for LOW BIOES andP we will lar Write to office nearest you. LAKE SHORE rS'l.‘ ONE COM PAN buy this Comnloto Muskegon. Mich" and Benton Harbor. Mich Spreader. Why not new! ——Yon should get the highest grade of limestone manufactured. Buy it upon the basis of analysis. We manufacture the hi best “$11in pul- verized limesto tone sod ihc igan Let us prove it. Ask for sample and analysis. CAMPBELL STONE 00.. Indian River. Mich. ll spread evenly or sow in row.s All regulations can be We pay freight, A spreader that is Government Farmm Wanted. £‘.3.‘3“‘~“1§‘°1‘3.°°ii§.36 quarters. Writ. OZHENT 17 F. St. Louis. Fully equipped with and pulverzied llmestonm all high grade. D. 0 Markleyw 862- Division pups... Grand Rapids, Iich. "Milli ERNIE”. £53935? 3239.1..913 _o. M. scoyrasons LIME Hydrated Agricultural Lima, in paper bags. Air-Flaked Limo RIGHT PRICES. .usin St.. Maryaville. Ohio. l " t3 '- » ' 1:1 ' . ' Ba. ad. th M h ‘ Just Sammlg? Sv‘iien writing asses 206—6 THE MICHIGA OLSON mama WHEELS ' Are Creating a Sensation at the State Fair. While efficient in the ag- ricultural field, they also have a wide range of use- fulness in the commercial field—merchants, contrac— tors, coal and ice dealers as well as hundreds of various industries, can fit out a One-Ton Truck by usinga “Ford” chassis equipped with special body and OLSON demountable wheels for solid or pneumatic tires. The cost of such equipment ranges from $435 for wheels to $650 for complete outfit, including “Ford.” Theee 011“!“ are now being exhibited at the State :Falr held In Detroit N September 6th to 15th. Be sure to Ice It while you are there. Send at once for 3 complete price in: of various wheelletsend Ford machines wlth complete outfit. THE SWEDISH CRUCIBLE STEEL COMPANY, Sole lonnfiotlu‘en In El. 8. A. and Canada Detroit, Michigan, U. S. A. - Windeor,.0ntario, Canada STOP! JUST A MINUTE Read What» We Have to Say Regarding Our $50 Special Rubber-Tired Trailers. No .ice the New Features that: No Other Trailer Has at Three Tin!“ the Cost N FARMER F allthe studiesin the universe, 0 there is none more interesting - than the study of heredity. It has been the subject of a great deal of controversy in. the last sixty-five years and while at present there is no unchanging ground upon which we may plant the premises of an argu- ment, yet at the same time the whole scientific and practical world has ar~ rived at the same conclusions in re- gard to many of the phases of hered- ity. Why certain traits present themselves is yet a very haZy subject. My conception of heredity is not dif- ferent from others which have been introduced but I shall endeavor to couch it in such terms that the reader will not have to be a scientist in or der to understand it. While there are some few who disa- gree with the statement, most stock~ men are agreed that the male contrib~ utes as much to the offspring as does the female. We notice some charac- teristics about the young that are present in the male: other traits are those of the female. The question is, what makes these traits show up in some unions and be absent in others? There are tWo conflicting theories about this. Some scientists have maintained that if a character does not show up in the young, it is abso- lutely absent in this particular indi- vidual. However, this argument is hardly tenable because we may take two individuals in whom a certain fea- ture is absent; mate them together and the outcome will be an individual in whom the character will be present. Though we mate a horned hull with a horned cow, we may get a polled calf, provided there were polled animals in both the sire’s and dam's ancestry. This would seem to contradict the ab- sence theory. What Characters Are Dominant. The dominant and hidden theory seems more likely to be the correct one. This conception of heredity is that traits not present are only hid- den and may show up at some future time. We take it that there are just as many characters in one animal of a species as in another animal of the same species. We will say one thou- sand for round numbers, although ev- ery animal probably has a great many more distinct characters than one thousand. If we were to take two pint jars and fill each with one thousand BB shot, we might represent the sire and the dam. We know that the oil'- spring has as many characters as has the sire or the dam and that each one contributes equally to the union‘ so the way to represent the offspring of these two individuals would be to halve each shot in each can and glue the corresponding halves together in a third can; this one to represent the offspring. If the sire had had his col- or more intensified over that of the dam his half of the color shot would be heavier or, it would be dominant. In the final shakeup, the heavier half would turn toward the bottom or the outside and for this reason the 0&- spring would be marked like the sire. Now if we take this can of shot which has been secured by sticking together corresponding halves and shake it up thoroughly, the heavier halves will turn toward the outside and the most can see that one thousand shot would intensified points of each parent will show in the young. No two animals are alike and we never occupy the same relative posi- tion, no matter how many times they were shaken up together. Some would Specificiations. body length 6 ft.. 12 in. sides, 6 inch side boards Buil ' Hardwood 81113. Our axles are full steel and “A” grade wheels full rivttite‘ii ifiifiliiielihtglgé rubber as preferred: the trailer connectors are our own design. guaranteed to trail your auto and stand the. strain and hard usage. Notice, we draw direct from axle, no strain on body or spring! the angle irons connection to sway bar will stand up under heavy loads, our evener connections are of wrought iron and the entire drawmg equipment is hand forged, not‘a piece of cast or malle- able iron used. Our quick detachable Couplers with full ball socket and lift spring. you can couple fi‘iflflé‘t‘fifiggmgtfitfli wrong}; ck:- bugle. Pull backthe spring that I all. Remem- .. u c as: i r 5 Prices Win Ev here. Send tor catalog of cl"flirtasonable price. Columbia Quality and get wedged in between others and so present an aspect that under ordinary conditions would be hidden. Others would be so nearly balanced that we would in some instances be able to see the line of cleavage where the two halves were joined. This may explain COLUMBIA BUGGY (20., 2"i3.,§:1‘°" Detroit, Mich, Distributor. for Olson Tractor Wheels for Ford cars. Ask for catalog. { some characters that seem to be a mixture of the corresponding features SEPT. 11, 19.15. ’ Some Conceptions of. Heredity of the dam and sire. A bay mare and a black stallion may sometimes get a chestnut colt. The Practical Application. ' This theory is of little value to live stock breeders unless it has some ap- plication. I have mentioned intensi- fied characters and the question that is pertinent in this discussion is, can characters be intensified by care, feed- ing and environment, or must we rely solely upon ancestry? With his usual high-sounding lan- guage, Friend Clapp, in the Michigan Farmer of July 17, attacks a “brilliant young minister” because he claimed that environment has made the civil- ized man what he is. After befogging the horizon with dust, N. A. vanishes; leaving the reader with a hazy impresi sion that environment never was any- thing, and ancestral influences are all. After the haze has cleared away and we get our bearings again, it becomes plain that while ancestral influences are very important, environment has contributed its quota to the present achievements of civilized man. Before we can disagree, we must first agree and the agreement in this case is that characteristics acquired in a. single generation cannot be trans- mitted. In other words, if a cow were bathed in wine the calf would have hair no more silky nor glossy than that of any ordinary calf. If we feed the beef cow a large amount of feed, we will not get a calf from her that will have the required stomach capa- city of the dairy cow in the first gen- eration. Yet, if we keep up this liberal feeding for five or six generations, we will have developed a cow with the pendulous abdomen and she will be able to transmit this to her offspring. Of course, selection will have to be practiced but we are thus enabled to make the best of what both present and past environment has given us. I would like to have someone desig- nate the difference between ancestral influences and accumulated environ-- ment. It appears to me as though the two were identical. I believe even Friend Clapp will agree that the first man to climb a tree did so to get away from an enemy. In other words, his environment forced him to climb the tree or be destroyed. Was that feat lost with that individual? Indeed it was not. The offspring saw his par- ent climb a tree and so he did the same. This continued until the capa- bility that was once the product of en vironment constituted an ancestral in~ fluence. Some Examples. Our improved dairy breeds are the sum total of past environments. The environment of the Jersey and Guern— sey Islands to which Mr. Clapp refers has made these cattle small of stat- ure. Again, the Holstein cattle have been reared on abundant pastures and are larger than cattle similarly raised but having scant and rocky pastures. Let us take an application with hogs. The typical lard hog of the corn belt states is small of bone with a cylindrical body and a tendency to put on internal fat. However, if we were to take two of these lard hogs out of the corn belt and feed them on feeds richer in protein, we have Prof. Plumb’s word for it that they lose the lard type and assume the bacon type in a few generations. Perhaps after all the young preach- er wasn’t far from right, for even his opponent says: “They (grains) are a blessing to humanity at the present time, for if.surrounded with favorable conditions (environment) they yield abundantly of their kind—a" It seems somewhat doubtful if even “anthropol- ogy, ethnology, or paleontology" would have forced him to any other conclu- sion. The accumulated results of en vironment or ancestral influences is a potent factor in improving farm pro- ducts. I. J. MA'rnEws, SEPT. 11, 1915; THE MICHIGAN Autumn Care of Farm Horses LARGE number of users of horses do not realize that the early autumn is a trying time to the horses that are required to work as farm horses are at this sea- son of the year. Even the early spring work on the farm is hardly more try- ing to the horses than is the work of the autumn. And that is not all, for just at this season the ho1se’ s vitality is subject to another severe drain, of which many farmers scarcely ever think. This drain results from the new, heavy coat of hair the horse must grow for his winter protection. Twice a year the horse sheds his hair and grows a new coat. The first time is in the spring when he sheds his heavy winter coat and grows a light, fine coat. Then in the autumn he sheds his summer coat and grows the heavy, thick covering that is intended to pro- tect him from the winter’s cold. In view of the hard work the farm horse is called upon to perform at this time assistance should be given him with- out stint if it is desired that he go into winter quarters in the good con- dition that decreases greatly the labor of wintering him properly. Almost everyone who has had much experience working farm horses knows how frequent, at this time of the year are cases‘of coughs and colds which often run into a mild form of distem- per. They are usually not followed by any serious results, but they do greatly reduce the horse’s capacity for performing his duties and they do bring them to winter’s door in a run- down condition that means extra feed and care through most of the winter if they are gotten into proper shape to take part in the spring work. Economy in Winter Feed. On most farms the horses are idle or do but little work in the winter and in warm, comfortable quarters, those that commence the winter in good health and flesh can be kept in good condition without feeding a heavy grain ration. To this end ex- tra corn should be given them during the time the fall work and growth of the winter coat of hair tests severely their vital powers. If it has been the custom to turn the horses out to grass "during the nights it should be aban- doned with the arrival of the sharp cool nights and possibly cool rains; it will also be well to keep the light blankets handy to cover the horses with, provided it becomes necessary for them to stand still for any consid- erable length of time when they are warm, for it does not take a great deal to start trouble when the horse’s vitality is at the ‘low ebb which may be expected at this season . Just at this season, too, the use of the currycomb and brush is far more beneficial than during the mid-summer season. The loose hair which is be— ing shed is most irritating to the skin and the gentle use of the currycomb and the brisk use of the brush not only assists in removing the hair and dandruff but it also stimulates the or- gans which provide the new growth. Liberal Feeding Now Important. It is by liberal feeding, however, that gives to horses the most substan- tialassistance during this trying pe- rio'd." Many owners feed too much grain to their horses, especially dur- ing the winter, also during the spring and summer, but seldom are they fed too heavily of grain during the au- tumn. Horses fed so heavily in grain during the summer season that they will eat but little, if any, hay, become weakened and will commence to run down and get thin just at the season of the year when they should have plenty of flesh to enable them to stand the strain of the hard autumn work and to furnish the elements of the new coat of hair they must grow. Too much grain—certainly no more than will be eaten up clean should be given —-is injurious and wasteful at any sea- son of the year, but at no other time may it be fed to the limit to such good advantage as during the autumn season. If one is feeding principally oats to the farm horses, new corn may be ad- ded to the fall ration to good advan- tage. Add it gradually to the regimen, until one of the day’s three feeds con- sists of six or seven ears of the new corn, making the other two feeds of ground cats. The new corn is easily crushed and the horses will relish it greatly. It is both stimulating and nourishing. By commencing to feed the corn gradually and feeding it in this way there will be no danger of colic and the horses will go into win- ter quarters in good flesh and in fine general condition. Good Judgment Also Needed. No matter how the horses are fed at this season of the year, good judg- ment should also be exercised in their use if the best results of proper feed- ing are to he arrived at. At times, during the first weeks of autumn. the days are so warm and muggy that the long hours which circumstances re- quire the horses to work rapidly ab- sorb strength and energy. If they fail to stand up under the strain, With the, crops not yet harvested or the fall plowing and harrowing undone it means disaster to the farmer. In spite of the continued perfecting of tractor engines, horse labor, and much of it is required on the farm and it stands the farmer well in hand to conserve the health and strength of his horses; and especially is this true with reference to this critical au- tumn season. Feed a grain ration not too rich in the fats and carbohydrates ——therefore more oats than corn and in amount about two-thirds of what grain they would eat if unstinted, with all the good hay afterwards that they will eat. And there is a differ- ence in hay. Timothy is probably su- perior to clover, but if nicely cured early-cut red clover can be obtained the owner need have no cause to wor- ry over the absence of timothy. Such clover hay is greatly relished by the horses and it will do wonders towards keeping them in gOOd flesh. The good the horses get from feed of the right sort, from grooming and comfortable quarters, will be still more pronounced if they are given a little time to digest their food before being put to work. The horse that is allowed an hour and a quarter for his meal will do more work with less tell- ing effect on him than the one that is given only three-quarters of an hour New York. FARMER . “11111111.... .mullluUuunmufll‘w gfzh,‘ g7gx.——=. 1.3::- 52“!» . . 1‘ .lll' W .. Ml llllll/I. ‘ Jilly/W, 4/; Ml l line. selected imaterials. system. double guns. H/ZIY HESIZ'K . ../’/'/» ’n’ r’z./ 4/,////////////////11 12, 16a11d 20'Gauge Light, Hammerless Repeating Shotguns Sportsmen differ as to whether a 12, 16 or 20 Gauge is the best shotgun for field shooting, but the knowing ones agree that the Winchester Model 1912 lightweight, hammerless repeater is the one best bet in the shotgun This Winchester being made in 12, 16 and 20 gauges permits an advocate of the big, medium or small bore to indulge his fancy and be sure of getting a gun that is true to its gauge in balance, weight and length. All three gauges of this model are made of specially Nickel steel, which is twice as strong as ordinary gun steel, is used throughout for the metal parts in this Winchester. weight gun without sacrificing safety or strength. This gun has a cross-bolt trigger lock, a smooth, quick and easy action, and a simple Take-Down It loads and unloads easily and its shoot- ing qualities are not excelled by the highest priced There are many other pleasing and exclusive features of this Winchester which appeal to 7—207 M“ w//3 /j Jl: I flMWllllllll 11’ ’ This means a light- sportsmen that could be enumerated, but the gun itself is the best evidence of its quality and desirability. FOR A RED LETTER DAY AFIELD, SHOOT/A WINCHESTER SHOTGUN to Livestock Owners 1.. 1...... ZENOL ' ' What ' l 0. Here 3 an opportunity to test Zenoleum as a disinfectant. ermicide ' and dest er 0 lies mites, ticks for skin tiouble. w ounds. sores, etc" etc” on grin absolutel bmongg¥baci§ cfl‘sr. Send a dollar bill for can containing enough Zenoleum postpnid, to m skewlg Ions. of dpositive Full gallon can, enough to make 100 gallons for $150 at d results and if it doesri't prove to be all we claim. your money wiu bongefgiiiied promptly; no wtslk disinfectant. just money bac King of Disinfectants—Worth Fifty Times Its Cost Zenoleurn is used and recommended by 50 agricultural colleges. 2? disinfectant, insecticide and animal dip, always the same. Safe and su1e; will not burn or poison. ZENNER’S VETERINARY ADVISER FREE This 64-page illustrated book tells all shout the prevention ard cure of all live stock and poultry diseases. It Is a standard authority iving in- » ~~~~~~~~ valuable information In condensed and usefugform. Pin a Dollar Bill to this Free Trial Money-Back Coupon a M19111.» ~r'ne will“: , ¥uuvumr , ISINF ECTANT Ieum doesn’ t more than make good. 13 ' ’ ENGINE BARGAIN . W... .1 demonstrating Engines which we are oifering at the followinglow prices. F. 0 B. Factory, cash with order, unted on Skids. 1% ILP .00 IL”. 3 94.00 H. P. 35.00 8 H. P 138. 2% H. P. 53.00 0 '11. 195.00 3 H. P. 56.00 12%H. P 235.00 4 H. P 68.“) 15 H. 280.00 5. P. 0') 16 H. 300. 1186.0? We can furnish steel trucks for these engines at small additional cost. Michigan Engines run on either Gasoline o1- Kerosene, and are equip ed with starting devices. Guaranteed for 5 years. 1' not satisfied will refund your money. We have a limited number of these 11111110111111.1111 Engines. so don' t delay, bu order immediatelyhm It3 you iwax/111: a high cgrade Engine inculm EllIiIIIEp001,e$lsiolon 11.111 11. Grlncd Illnlds. Illcll. Builders of the Bigh-flrsde‘ ‘Hichigsn” Line of Farm Engines. W‘HIED first clue, responsible man, now calling on farmers, to carry side 11111; on commission nly persons furnishing A- 1 references need anply H- 11- ALLEN- lo Married men preferred. Detroit Times, Detroit Mich. Learn why the greatest breeders and live stock authorities pin their faith to Zenol eum. Your dollar back if Zeno- -’ We have a ‘ so itand It is a. coal- tar I ’l ’ Coupon ’ The Zenner ’ Disinfectant Co.. 201 Lafayette Ave. .. ’ Detroit, Michigan , Please send free copy of 29de ’ Veterinary Adviser. a.-. ‘ A Ail-n.- . Mnkc check mark in the sou-re if you enclose dollar for trill can of lonolouul Satin! nctl on guaranteedo my bulb LILLIE’S SPECIAL BRANDS BUF F ALO FERTILIZER Made from best materiel. Always reliable. Lime. Potash, Acid Phosphate, Nitrate of Gods. Agents wanted in unoctiupned territory. Ship di- rect to farmers in csrlo Fertiliser questions answered and farm soil surveys 111st on request. Colon C. Lillie, Sales Ant. Coopersvllie, Mich. AN OPPORTUNITY to represent a well established house (manufacturing Stock and Poultry Med cine) is open to first cinnamon 3:123:11?“ standing withllsrntlsrrzhin the?i telrritor No . 1 v men neceessr For or 1' on are dress . 'rnn SAL B- VIM 133'. 1110., "5 Penn-burg, 11.. Montlon Ilcnlnn Farmer rim with; to stunner: ‘ rms Mrl 12mm N "FA RM s11; ' .mnlikeetosbm k n ow n _a s t h e Horse Km in our neighborhood? on dn' t you like to earn bigmnney training your nci hor’u homes or bnyimrup horses with. 'halh'm and selling-them at a splendid profit after you have cor- nucted their faults? You «on. Hot. Bee ’3 method will enablnlytou hdoitdl; Eh willite you the ssorctsofa “fine spenti'rr more To prove his good will, Prof. Becry promises to and you. absolutely free, his famous Introductory Cburse in Horsemanship. You will be glutto have this book. It opens the way to a fine wing fession that is not overcrowded. Write l‘bn ~ day. If you have a horse, tell Prof. Beery shout him- lam bolus. Be! This Book—Fm lthllhulluitfiot. Booms-v11 melted ofl filling the natural disposition ofany horse to end' to Hill. mum on. Ill 1 to do obefhre 5'33: guide hr" in “a 1’ “talumdin abmt...iIn-’ 1:: ' Wan“ firihow In. In. today—N no or. J “ulnar Miami. OH. Adomohle mum: Ami: 100 P0!- mmtnhy mm: U-Sav 40111 Antonella Dressing; Chane .1”!an Baa M Mr Mm wondorm mun? quick solos.- No parallax Do.- not cetch (that. W nos pe. footly dry. “I live “helmet-1hr! out of can! di- MOBMWGKN llr. E. S. McMm-dr Bernstdsilrwn, Mun. 'Sol'd twain gallons-May; MtJ’. Riskit Warren Mali. ”Bolt dussinn l have ever ssen.’ D. W. B. (lrecw‘ilini h “Give vo d satisfaction, send Another (lollnr hot: 9.. U goo h. J. L. VIII ’llielmh (imp-ramble, Mich " Best dr ssing lever used.‘ Mr. H. E. Billet. Brio. Pa. "lave used ll. binds. but new con- equd msnvvyour. ”' Mr. Max Haiti 1', Elmwood, Ct. "Alhr treating w—lh flour-your is has the mien-ence at a new car right out of the shop. " Jones-51. Woodland- Coi. Newark. N. .L ‘ Tbre are thousanth of others. Demonstration out- fit $100. museum. Five gallon 80. pro-old. owriafis no. 8100 a quart. Exone hon» tors" given to right. parties. Branch in Michigan. Send orders-ml ask ”detail a ate-09. ~ U-Su-Your Mtg" (10., P‘. 0. Box 06., Warm, Mass. ll. 3 A Clearing Stumpland. Is Easy ”You Do It Right l|mmerman Mlghly Monarch Steel Stump Puller makes land clearing simple, eas quick. Cheaper than dynamite. uch better because it 1-3”. stump roots and all. Disturbs Valuablell BookmFIEE met th,ods tells about aim the Zimmerman la 5‘ k R"SE?iTHAL\ . [URN $35.11;” ;. “* 81$HRED'3 ER If I- of your engine. Wow , Account Book. ”Siifliit Gui II.'[. 0. BOX 2 MILWAUKEE ms. Mos. Batista-l. tory for hauling on rough roads, stubble and to ensilage cutter. Cost only 75¢ per yea-on basin of 204025 was service which is them Sent on 80 days Free 71-1111. Writefor partic- uhrs, on “log wines. WIRE MPG. 60.. Bil-N oak-LII- Ontairio Veterinary College [10 University Avenue, Toronto blunted with“ University of Tomb. and an.- ”.130de the Depart-rental Avicenna-tel of Ontario. College re-opens October lst, 1915. Gale-.110: “L” on application. E. A. A. “RANGE. V. S. I. Sc.| Principal. NOTIL‘E! Write to the 3:33“ Stanchion Works fir literature WAN! STAMIONPWO‘RKS. “taboo. Me Steel wheels with wide tiresincrease carrying over one half, etime, never need1 repairs save time Stmsgthlo oading unloading. size to fit any ”12.31am slow wag-on as good as 110. express. , We furnish any . - UGQZL’SYB 18 marked a. new era in the My industry: of Newaygo county when. 509 duirymen and Mullins sectarian-d this daisymmm’s: nic- mic: heldatchomos GeorgeCnarw- flood; of Sicko; as. the. guests. of Ne- ? gmygo Qmmcy Cow-hosting, Assciatmn. The. membrane of the. piicmic: commune I Eamd (County Agricultural Agent El. B Blanndfordé left no stone,- lmtm'medi to- wards makimg, this a red letter day in the: history of: the dairy industry in Newaygo county. At an. early hour the dairymen and ‘their families began to arrive and soon the Spacious grounds of Mr. :crawford were filled with enthusiaadic dairymen and their families bent on [a good: chat with their neighbors and thoroughly enjoying a. good. day. A ball game had been scheduled for the aluminum between the Holstein: and »Gue1rnsey boomers. At the end of the gsecwd inning with: the score six to gone in fay-oi: of. the. “black and. whites," which can be accounted for by the ;presence of the- cmmty farm agent. on the Main team, and who startled Wine scoring; flow: that side; the ringing of the Crawford. dinner bell brought the game to a close and after the ;bounteons repast set worth and. which .Was heavily partaken of by everyone left no desire for further mm ac- tivities. \ The coffee was furnished free by Mr. Osborne, the genial gm- «ceryman of Silk-a, and lemonade was skirmishes: free to everyone by the as- sociation- in one corner of the grounds the Ladies? Aid Society of Sitka chis- pensed ice cream and other like re- freshments. ~ The Afternoon Program. After dinner the tables were clear- . led away and seats arranged under the spreading maples on Mr. Crawford’s lawn. At. the rear of the seats 25 to 30 autos were drawn up in semi-circle, Etna-nishing additional seats and mak- 5lug a. fine background for the audi- ence. Mr. Robert Kempf, breeder of H01- stein cattle, and president. of the Cow- -testing Association, introduced Con- gressman J. L. McLaughlin, of the ‘ eighth district, as the first speaker on ‘the program Mr. McLaughlin- spoke briefly of the excellent agricultural conditions in Michigan and the rea- sons thereof. The relation of good tcitizenshi'p and the ownership of land was dwelt on and a clear explanation of the latter as affecting this country .today as contrasted with European conditions. Mr. McLaughlin congrat- ulated the people of Nawaygo county on being the first county in the United States to organize a cow-testing asso- ciation which has been in operation for ten years, and also on being one 'of the first counties in Michigan to employ a county agricultural agent. The Value of (So-operative Associa- tions. The Junior Agricultural Club, of Brookside, favored the audience with a musical selection, entitled, “Every- body Milk in Michigan,” 3 very ap- propriate selection for the occasion- Mr. Helmer Rabild, of the U. S. De- partment of Agriculture, Dairy Divi- sion, who, with Mr. Henry Rose-ma, of Fremont, and breeder of Guernseys, organized the cow-testing association ten years ago, was expected to be present but was unable to come, sent as his representative Mr. C. L. Bur- lingham, of the same department. Mr. Burlingham spoke on the value of the association as a co-operative proposi- tion, the better feeding of the dairy cow, and the selection of breeding stock. The value of the advertising that can come through the organiza‘ tion in the selling of its surplus stock was dwelt upon. Mr Burbngham brought home very strongly these points to his hearers. .ures won’t lie”—but you know .1 Co-oper‘a’tidn Among Dairymen . It: Value Shown at; Mega County Dairy-1.1% Picnic llhr. mom W State 1mm all ingdm-Wn- Abathadfiamem to: Wm M tilt-rm this on- ganzing; of; its various cmopemllime in» dimtries, such as: the cow-testing, m ciation, cooperative produce comm, cooperative creamer); and: the farm bursa-u. Dr. Mum-fiend? said that: the mention of: Newaygo county in other parts- of the state always. brought to his hearers some one of these organi- zations and that. outside ofi the stats Newaygo county was known for being the first; to organize and. suc'csssfiudiby operate a. cow-testing. association. Dr. Mrmntord told of the benefits and: ‘31:” use that were coming to this county- trlrmugh the smarts: oi? the firm 1)me and its head, Mr. H. B. Hammad; A new phase of. the work. that: is bong done by the coon-11y farmmenwascite ed in the way that. stock, seed and mmpodueemybesommone county to the other through the com- ty firm men. Last week liar-.11. G. Smith,‘ county agricufltmat agent oi Alpena, county, came to Nowaygo county and assisted. by Mr. mum purchased between $1,501! and $11,309 west]: of wreaked Guernsey. cattle, a thing that could hardly have been ac. of. dairy? cattle of the Holstein W sex MJcrsey breeds was. W 1111. item the: ncifghbcring mums. m. the, ;. . Wt ofimthemmethtecm, m com. m hams, m m calm of: the Guernsey M the Maine were. ransom My one mm film: am. one and: m m WMthme calves. mum by: two. bulk, flow: cows; anti cm W er, a tonal? of 38' head; Tho Holstein. aged cows were brought into the ring first and, before being placed: by Prof. Anderson. the Holstein men were asked; into the ring and after studying the animals were asked to place them. Mrs. D. B. 0.06, of. Holton, a womn as enthusias- tic over Holsteins, and as good a, judge» of" the breed! as her husband. mmthermg MWMMt she knew Hol’stein- cattle; The pining of the cattle in the ring by the breeders- caused- much merriment from the spec» tater-s but alter Pro-f. Anderson: hack placed the cattle and made his ear: plantations for the same, some value: bio lessons were driven home to the spectators and these who Ind been in the ring judging. The premium Awarded. The prize of $2 given to the. best type- of pure-bred mm m of each breed went, to the follow“: Hol- stein, Prank Mathews: Guernsey. Frank Zerl'aut. Fer the best type dairy grade cow Cow Judging Demonstration at Newaygo County Dairymen's Picnic. complished without the aid of some organization or person to aid in this county. The cattle numbered nine, seven being purchased of Henry Roze- ma, one of George Craword and one of Raymond Kempf. Besides the cat- tIe Mr. Smith purchased a. large amount of vetch seed from various farmers. in this locality. Cow Judging Demonstration. One of the features of the day was a cow-judging demonstration of dairy cattle by Prof. A. C. Anderson. of M. A. C. A dairy cow was led in and a. most interesting discussion of the points and merits that should be found in the dairy cow were explained. A great deal of interest was shown in Prof. Anderson’s talk and it was a very attentive audience that followed his discussion. Through the solicitations of the committee and the farm agent, Mr Blandford, a fine representative group of each breed: Holstein, C. J. Mil- Ier; Jersey, H. Zerlanf. Best heifer of each breed: Holstein, H. B. Blandford; Guernsey, Alfred- An- derson; Jersey, S. Swensen. Best heifer calf of each breed: Guernsey, Henry Rozem-a; Holstein, Robert Kempf. Best bull calf of each breed: Guern‘ sey, Alfred Anderson; Holstein, Rob- ert Kempf. Best bull of each breed: Guernsey, Alfred Anderson: Holstein, Robert Kempf; Jersey, C. Swensen. The day, taken all in all, the educa- tional and social side. will be one long remembered in the annals of dairy history in this county and in parting the picnicers voted Mr. and Mrs. CraW< ford: fine hosts and expressed the strong desire that. the Newaygo Coun- ty Dairymen’s picnic be made an an- nual affair. Newaygo Co. K. K. VINING. The Responsibility for Clean Milk S 'the period of rainfall lessens A and farmers have more respite from weed pulling, city pen pushers are assuming their annual task of telling people where the re- sponsibility for clean milk rests. As usual, at this time of the year when the temperature goes up so that it is comfortable to sit only in the shade, everybody falls foul of the milkman because “statistics show that contam- inated milk causes ten per cent of the infant mortality in our cities.” “Fig- the rest so I won‘t mention it. No doubt the statement is true but the infer- ence that the sole source of contami- nation is the Im‘lkman is no doubt an erroneous one. It is probably partially due to the handling which the milk gets in the hands of the consumers. Most milkmen are cleaving as closo to the line as possible, yet they have complaints that their “milk will not keep 24 hours.” No one can wonder at this. When, I’ go down the street some sultry summer day and see milk settmg out on the back porches right where it was left by the milkman in the morning, I cannot help but won- SEPT. 11, 1915. her how it even keeps-sweet 24 hours. ’ ,There are two partsto't'his 'responij sibility' business—it being something like a quarrel in this respect. One cannot quarrel alone. The milkman is responsible to a .certain degree, but the consumer is not without his 're- sponsibility also. Should a healthy milkman draw milk from healthy cows into clean receptacles, and carry on all his operations in a modern and sanitary manner, the milk would not .stay sweet very long if allowed to re- main in the .sun any length of time after being delivered. The following are the rules for de- tection of responsibility on the part of the producer: First, milk healthy cows; second, have healthy attend- ants; third, barns, pails and bottles should be absolutely clean and free from dust. The last and most import- ant point is that the milk should be cooled immediately after being drawn. This is the point where many produc-p ers fall down. If healthy milk is cool: ed immediately, there will be but lit- tle growth of the souring bacteria. If milk produced under these conditions is kept cool while it is being delivered to the consumer, the milkman’s re- sponsibility is at an end. The Consumer’s ' Responsibility. It would be good advertising and a business proposition for milk produc- ers to place before their customers the rules for keeping milk clean and sanitary after it has been delivered to them. The following may well be em- bodied: First, as soon as the milk is deliver- ed, put it on ice or in a cool place; second, do not put the milk into a re- frigerator where onions or any other THE *MICH'IGAN FARMER diserent «ration sheuld» business: .- ‘mahd ; its? ‘Pebple who ‘ fia‘ié’iiiiliééitfed‘ . heavily in top-notchers. for. breeding ”"3 purposes and expect to get long prices for stock may make this practicepay a profit but we common dairymen who . keep good cows for a profit from legit- imate everyday dairying can not do this, In several dairy farms in this coun- ty the stable is arranged so that each cow has a feed bin of her own. The herdsman ascertains by trial just what feeds each cow likes best and then he furnishes each cow with this ration. By such methods and by milking three and four timesra day the whole herd is coaxed to make phenomenal yields. The buyer of the animals offered for sale is led to believe that all the ani- mals in the herd are superior animals, as shown by the high average yield. He is assured that‘their producing qualities will be transmitted and he buys at long _priees.~ That the herd is composed 7.01? «Superior animals all' of usjwill admit,'but this this superior- ity4 can ‘be‘maintained under ordinary conditions is 'not so clear, let alone having the quality transmitted. These herds are kept under exceptional con- ditions that the ordinary dairyman would not think of maintaining and Will, if necessary, eat hay that is not prime in some seasons if we are un- fortunate to have some and we want her to eat grain sometimes that has perhaps been damaged. ‘ We want a cow so reared that she will not be too notional about her feed, and at the same time convert this feed into a profit. If you begin right with the calves you can educate these to eat any kind of Young Jersey Bull Bred at Brookwat er Farm, Washtenaw County, Mich. odorous substances are kept. Milk will very quickly absorb these odors. third, never use a milk bottle for a pitcher. Each time the cap is remov- ed, it is ordinarily placed on a board or some other object and although the cap may not be visibly contaminated, it is almost sure to be soiled and ob- jectionable organisms introduced. If any milk is to be used for a baby, the baby’s milk should be taken and plac- ed in another receptable so that it may suffer the least possible ex- posure. Adherence to these rules will re- lieve much of the friction that often arises between the milk producer and the milk consumer. While it is not believed that cooperation is a pana- cea for every ill that may affect the human race, yet co-operating in this matter can result only in mutual good to both sides of the clean milk ques- tion. I. J. MATHEWS. LILLIE FARMSTEAD DAIRY NOTESL Catering to the taste or appetite of each individual cow in the herd is all right in theory, but it is one of those theories that won’t make a man any money. The average dairyman can not take the time to feed each cow 3. food that is wholesome and fit to eat and you can educate them so they will all like the same ration. This is the only way the farmer can accom- plish any practical results. I have seen cows that have been so pamper- ed (and people, too), that they would eat nothing that did not suit their fancy. The practical cow man can do nothing with such an animal. He must educate her over again or get rid of her. He can force her out of these notions by compelling her to eat what he has, but there will be little or no profit while he is getting her out of these notions. Had this same cow been brought up as a calf to eat any- thing given her she never would have had these notions. One practical habit you ought to have a dairy heifer acquire is to eat large amounts of roughage. This is done by not feeding heavily of grain when she is young. Heavy grain ra- tions are always expensive rations. Heavy roughage rations are always cheap rations. There is always more profit in the cheap ration. A cow must be liberally fed. ' She must be a large consumer. She can’t produce some- thing for nothing, but she must be ed- ucated to eat cheap foods or she is of little practical value. ' COLON C. LILLIE. GRAND PRIZE WINEER [1 SAN FRANCISCO EXPOSITIVN Deering — C crop after the car 9— -209 McCormick OMPLETE the proper handling of the corn eful planting, cultivating and cutting, by running it through one of the well—known I H C huskers and shredders—Deering, or McCormick. I H C» huskers are most practical, convenient, eco- nomical and profitable. They have proved this in many seasons of corn harvesting. They shred the whole crop, stalks, leaves, and husks, into a clean, tasty f odder, a cheaper and more nutri- tious substitute for hay. Use all the corn—sell your hay. [H C huskers and shredders are exceptionally durab e and lasting; they are easy to handle in cramped space; all parts are easy to et at for oiling and in operation; they are well equipped With sa ety devices. These sh redders run on the minimum of power for the various sizes, and they range in size from the small machines for individual use to the largest ever called for. . You can’t miss satisfaction in buying a Deering, or McCormick husker and shredder. Write for more information. We will send you also the interesting booklet, “For Better Crops." 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FEDERAL CHEMICAL CO.‘ Ground Rock Department g 12 Clark St. COLUMBIA. TENN. } er acre INELY Barn Equipment. MITCHELL STANCIIIONS r Bowls,Cow,Calfand Bull Pens andSteel Horse Stalls. Styles of Mitchell Carriers _to select from. Something entirely new in Carriers. the best and save money by gettingMitchell Write for FREE Catalog. with this common sense — farm ditcher and road 5‘ ' grader. ‘No wheels or levers. Nothing to get out aranioe. 0f fix. Simple—Practical. ice only one-fourth of big machines. Does same work. Soon pays for itself. Write for full informa- ‘ tion and introductory proposition. , Ovensboro Ditch-matador Go.lnc. Bui8300wenshoro.i(y. ' STANCHIONS are made of high carbon steel, WOOD I), chum hanging and flexible. Our full line of Sanitary Stalls, including Hams New Adjustable, stands for perfect cow comfort. Economical, easily installed. FRE ILLUSTRATED CATALOG de‘ scribes our com lete line of labor- saving barn equipment. rite for it today. HARRIS MFG. 00.. Box 30 Ssh-I. Ohio I Honey-back When writing advertisers mention Michigan liar-men . 210—10 THE MICHIGAN 'FARMER ..... SEPT. 11,1915_ Orchard Observations On Cover Crops andTheir Relation to Spraying. HILE traveling through the W fruit belt this summer I was often struck by the peculiar appearance of peach trees and plum trees growing on the light sandy soils in adjacent orchards. I knew that in many cases the trees belonged to the same grower and were all the same variety. It looked very much like a question of spraying and my idea was to see what some of the growers, who were riding on the train, thought. In nearly every case they answered that it was a good example of proper and improper spraying. However, I had another idea in mind and so visited many of the orchards and obtained the system of manage- ment employed in conducting the growing of the fruit. I found that, if other things were equal, the grower that fertilized the The immense growth of clever had taken the moisture and a large por. tion of the available plant food. Recent experiments show that when clover is about half grown the greater part of the plant food is in the stem and roots and only later does it move up to pass into the seed. Also the plant is tender and decays quickly and easily. The object should be to plow itpunder before the stem hardens and before the, available food the tree should have from the soil is exhaust- ed. In a dry season saving the mois- ture by plowing early is more import- ant than perhaps any other factor. Water is often the greatest limiting factor of plant growth. But there is another factor which we must not overlook, and that is the physiological. The healthy, well groomed trees seem to have no blem- Good Cultural Methods Help to trees and employed a system in which a good cover crop was included and worked into the soil at the proper time had the best results. The Effect of Cover Crop Manage- ment. Let me illustrate the conditions as I found them in one very striking in- stance. A grower owned 80 acres of land, 40 acres on one side of the road and 40 acres on the other. The land was equal in fertility as far as could be determined. It had been fertilized as heavily and physically was uniform all over the farm. But the peach or- chard on one side of the road had made more growth, the fruit was larg— or, and the foliage was a deep healthy green, whereas on the other side it was yellow, spotted and full of shot- holes, and the leaves were smaller. The orchards had been sprayed at the same time, and as carefully in one case as the other, for this grower I knew never did things in a half-heart- ed manner. The history of the orchard gives the clue. The orchard which had the healthy foliage and had made such rapid growth was plowed early in the season. A cover crop of crimson clo- ver had been sown in it on July 20 of the previous year. This cover crop made an excellent growth and was plowed under about April 24. A year previous each orchard had received 300 pounds of 1:8:10 commercial fer- tilizer. The orchard was dragged thor- oughly and a good mulch was main- tained during the growing season. Early Plowing Conserves Moisture. The other orchard, which appeared so unthrifty was handled in the same way except as to the cover crop. The cover crop was as fine as the other but was not plowed under until in June. The clover had headed out and the growth was enormous. When the plowing was started it was very dry and the work was delayed so the drag did not follow the plow. Lying in the furrow the land dried out still more. Make Spraying More Effective. ish on their leaves, while the less fav- ored trees in the late plowed land showed the attacks of various diseases on their leaves in spite of the spray- ing. This is a very important factor and one so often overlooked. We can- not develop a healthy, bearing tree factor requisite to plant growth. Some growers do not feed their trees enough, especially in the light lands. Healthy Trees Not as Susceptible to Diseases. ‘ That diseases are more easily con- trolled when the trees are well fed is proved also by observation in other orchards. I made it a point to exam- ine each peach orchard I visited. One grower took me to a hill in his or- chard where he had trouble with ero- sion and had allowed the cover crop to remain about a month longer. The soil also was not as good. However, the spraying had been uniform throughout the orchard, but one could easily pick the trees which stood in the area plowed later. The leaves were not as healthy, fungi having at~ tacked them in spite of the spraying, and the dark green color was absent. Another experienced grower informed me that he even found it necessary to spray trees less favored onCe more than the others. Whether this is of any benefit I am not prepared to say, but there is certainly a difference in resistance and results of spraying. Trees are living organisms and can- not resist disease when weakened. VVhat causes disease resistance or what should make the well-fed tree more resistant is still to be deter- mined. C. N. Fear. HARVESTING ONIONS. Onions are ready for harvesting when 60 to 80 per cent have ripened. This stage is indicated by the tops turning yellow and dying down to the ground. The necks of the onion shOuldf be small and perfectly ripened down to the bulb. The tops should be al- lowed to die down naturally. They need not be broken down by any spe- cial means. When pulling the onions throw five to eight rows into one window. Stir the onions frequently with a wooden rake so as to give them all a uniform curing and prevent them from send- ing roots into the soil. This is most apt to happen after a rain. White on- ions are easily discolored by this meth- od of curing. To prevent this, one under cover, which is done by either placing the onions in an open shed or in well ventilated crates that are stacked where the ventilation is good. This procedure is not necessary un~ less the white varieties are being grown for market. Six to ten days after pulling the onions will have our- ed sufficiently to be removed from the field and prepared for storage. Care of the Pear Orchard EAR growing is a profitable branch of fruit growing where conditions are favorable for the growing of pears. While the use of the pear is not as wide as that of the apple it is not, in proportion to its field of usefulness, grown as extensive~ ly as the apple and therefore the grow- er is assured a more stable price than the apple grower. .The best soil for pears is one of a clayey nature and is usually one of the hard-to-work kind. If the orchard is grown on loamy soils one is not so certain of as regular crops and will have more pests and troubles to con- tend with. Locations being equal, the orchard of a loamy soil will be more susceptible to fungus diseases than that on a clay soil which dries off quickly. Maturing the Wood an Important Factor. One of the essentials of successful pear growing is that the trees prop- erly harden their wood. When they do not they will become susceptible to blight and winter injury. The clay soil insures the tree a moderate growth which will harden up well be- fore the season is over. Some pear orchards are successful on soils of a sandy, loamy nature, but in most cases these sites have a clay subsoil. Aside from the soil the location should be a well drained one and be of good elevation so as to be less suscep- tible to spring pests because the pear is fairly early in blossoming. A well elevated location is also advantageous because there is likely to be a good circulation of air which has a favor- able influence on the development of fungous diseases. Before planting the ground should be plowed deep and thoroughly work- ed. The most satisfactory distance to set the trees is 26x26 feet, or 24x28 cultivation should be frequent enough to keep a good dust mulch on the ground. Under no circumstances should the cultivation be deep near the trees. Deep and late cultivation will keep the trees growing to late in the season and conditions favoring blight will result. After trees are about 20 years old they do not blight as readily as the younger ones, as after the trees bear good crops they do not grow so much, and therefore . the tendency to blight is reduced. The older the trees get and the heavier crops produced the more fer- tilizer they require to keep them doing well. On account of the large trees shading the ground, cover crops do not do as well and therefore barn— yard manure may have to be used to some extent. If this is necessary the application should be light so as not to stimulate the growth too much. I prefer to fertilize the orchard by the use of cover crops and commercial fertilizers. Pruning and Spraying. The trees should be pruned lightly each year with most of the pruning done in the center so as to induce the tops to "spread. The new growth should be shortened back some but not as much as is practiced in the pruning of peaches. By this method of pruning most varieties of pears can be controlled in form as easily as oth- er fruit trees can. In spraying pears I prefer Bordeaux mixture for the spraying in the pink of the blossoms.- Bordeaux is a slightly 'better fungicide and is worth the extra bother of mak- ing it, at this time. For the other sprays I use the lime-sulphur at the strength of 1:50, spraying at the usual times apples are sprayed. In harvesting the fruit all of it should not be picked at‘once. If the trees have not been carefully thinned Some of Mr. Griffin’s Productive Pear Trees. feet, according to the way land drains. Standard varieties only should be planted and not more than five of those. When too many varieties are set they can not be sprayed, harvest- ed or marketed to advantage. Care of the Young Orchard. During the first few years field corn can be grown in the orchard to ad- vantage. When this is done the culti- vation should be stopped by the first of July and a cover crop sown just before the last cultivation. For this purpose use vetch or mammoth clover. Oats sown with either of these lo- gumes will make more certain a good covering in the fall During the time of cultivation the there will be a greater variation in size and it will pay to leave the small fruits hang a week longer so as to develop in size. The thinning of pears is just as essential as the thinning of other fruits and if properly done Will induce the bearing annual crops. Allegan Co. G. W. GRIFFIN. TROUBLE DEPARTM ENT. Strawberry Plants Dying. I am having trouble with my .straw- | berry patch. The leaves wither and ' get brown, and then the plant dies. Macomb Co. 0 Some insect attacking the roots of the strawberry plants is undoubtedly the cause of the trouble. As there . SEPT. 11, 1915. HE‘MICH‘IGAN FARM-ER. are several insects which attack the _ strawberry roots and as the above- surface symptoms are greatly alike it is difficult to tell by the description you give which it is. On the lighter loamy soils the com- mon white grub often causes injury to strawberry patches but its work is usually not so prevalent during wet seasons, such as we have had. The results of the work of this insect is the cutting off of the roots parallel to the ground about an inch below the surface. The strawberry crown gird- ler also cuts the roots, but usually just below the crown. Both of these insects are hard to control in established patches. The best method is to plow up the old patch and set a new one on ground which has not been in sod for a cou- ple of years and not to use any ma- nure that was made before August 1, as it might be infested with white grub eggs. The strawberry crown-borer also causes injury to the roots and a con- sequent withering of the foliage. This insect bores directly into the crown of the plant, usually the older plants. As the eggs are laid before mid-sum- mer the work of the grub would prob- ably not be noticed until July or early August. The treatment consists. of plowing up the infested patch, raking out the plants and burying them be- fore August in order to kill the in— sects which are still in the crowns. A new patch can be set some distance from the old one without much fear = of infestation because the adult beet- les cannot fly. Another probable cause of the in- jury to your plants is the strawberry root-louse. During the early part of the season several generations of this louse are passed on the leaves and stems, but later the ants carry the lice down to the roots and, as the plant withers and dies, take them to fresh plants. An effective treatment is to cover the patch with straw and burn it over in spring, before the growth starts, in order to destroy the eggs on the leaves and stems. Spray- ing with tobacco extract will help it done thoroughly and before the ants appear. Old beds which are to be discarded should be plowed up in the fall or, better yet, burned over in late fall. The Peach Borer. I have some three-year-old peach trees which seemed very healthy and thrifty until about a month ago, when I noticed some of the leaves began to turn yellow. Upon examination I find at the base of each tree just under the ground a rotten spot, one and a half to two inches in diameter from which the juice or jelly is exuding. Please state. the cause and remedy. Mecosta Co. A. J. T. The cause of the injury to your peach trees is due either to the work of the peach borer or is the result of winter injury. Either of these trouv bles will cause sap restriction which in turn may cause the yellowing of the foliage. The treatment, in either case, should consist of cutting away all of the gummy secretion and dead bark. The wounds should be trimmed to firm, healthy wood with a sharp knife and all burrows of the borers should be opened and the borer destroyed. Af- ter the wound has been well cleaned of frazzle and loose bark it should be ' painted with pure white lead and raw oil. Peach trees should be inspected for borers at least once a year, spring be- ing the best time. Three or four days before digging for the borers the earth around the base of the trees should be dug away to the depth of four or five inches. made evidences of the borer can be more readily seen. Roses that have drooped before their time may be revived if the stems after being cut are placed for ten min- utes in almost boiling water and then removed to cold water. Then when the inspection is ' I". i. H .l-l.‘ .l-l- H'fl'uu' This new Paige—the five-passenger “Six-36’ '—was introduced only last June. Yet—so immediate and universal the popular endorsement of it—this light, six-cylinder, five-passenger car with all . the Paige Super-Quality and Paige Power and Paige Luxury for $1095—that it has already been proclaimed “ The Ideal Country Car.” To begin with, the Paige Light “Six-36" is actually light. only 2800 pounds. That means economy in tires and in operating expense. It has a wonderfully powerful and flexible Paige motor. It has power for hills and roads of sand or clay. It “picks Waflarla’ardafI/fl/mo a _%¢1’§’ H))))}}}§“\“““““_ -.\ . WH'I'I'Il-I: I'll-H..." A>- N‘. ' \‘Ufie H OLLYWOOD H'Vppdffélfgfil‘"5lX’36" up" quickly. control: inch a Paige. features. ““II w # 'n' n I 'v The ideal Country Car It has amazing ease of It clings to the road. And it has all the Paige Marvel of Easy Riding. The Paige Light “Six-36” is every It has all the unequalled combination of highest-grade Paige It has the electrical lighting and starting system; the ignition, car— buretion and lubrication systems; the It weighs cars supreme. elegance, beauty and comfort, the qual- lty and character which have made Paige This magnificent Paige Light “Six—36” is, in a word, a further confirmation of the nation’s verdict—“The Standard of Value and Quality.” If you require a seven-passenger car you must see the sumptuous Paige Fairfield “Six-46”— $1295 1095 Paige-Detroit Motor Car Company 220 ‘McKinstry Avenue, Detroit, Michigan SEED WHEAT--Red Wave. Poole and Winter King: Clover. 'Iimothy. Alsike. Alfalfa and all kinds of Pure Field Seeds. direct from producer to consumer. Free from Noxious weeds. Ask for Samples. BIG TYPE POLAND CHINAS. March and April pigs at reasonable xices. A. . FOSTOR!A,OHIO maloney’s TREES Fruit and Ornanantal trees. vines, shrubs, etc. for tall plum- ing. in small or large lots at wholesale prices. Grown and guar- anteed' by the largest Nursery in New York. Write for free catalog. Mnloney Bros. & Wells 00.. Box 32, Dansville, N. Y. ROSEN RYE. Best yielding rye ever discovered. Will yield from 25 to 50‘per cent more than common rye. $1.50 per bu. A. D. GREGORY. R. No. 3. Ionia. Mich. At Any Motor Speed or Temperature A steady flow of power—the delight of every motorist—is obtainable in any good standard make of motor in any climate. every day. It is a question Nearly 7,000,000 gallons. used in the Middle West alone last year, tes- tify to its popularity. of lubrication. Polarine is the effi- cient, dependable motor oil. It main- tains the correct lubricating body at any motor speed or temperature. olarine VFR|CTION REDUCING MOTOD 00L Polarine is made by specialist: in the manufacture of automobile fuel and lubrication. STANDARD OIL COMPANY (INDIANAl , Chicago, U. S. A. Use RED CROWN Gasoline. too—every gallon contains extra heat units at mean extra power, speed and mileage 369) lots. Use N ATCO Drain Tile—Last Forever Farm drainage needs durable tile. best Ohio clay, thoroughly hard burned. to be replaced every few years. Also manufacturers of the famous NATCO IMPERISH- Our drain tile are made 0: Don’t have to dig 'em up Write for prices, Sold in carload ’ ’ "" ABLE SILO, Natco Building Tile and Natco Sewer Pipe. NATIONAL FIRE PROOFING COMPANY, Fulton Building, PITTSBURGH. PA. ALFALFA AIIIIOAN NORTHERN 0R0“ , YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED C0" “use, .00.“..- WINTER BARLEY flown in the fall the same as wheat. Rinens about J une h. Three your average yield offifix bushels per acre. equivalent to 84.5 bushels of cats. Price $2.00 per bushel, sacks free. Micki an Agricultural College. Dept. of Farm Crops. East Lansing. Michigan. The best wheat in Mich iimn. \Nrite for rioes AYLOR, Milan, ich. RED WAVE SEED WHEAT. W. C. T and description. mscousm Ho. 2 ME assassins: :3: quantity. sarkn free. GEO. R. 8 PP. Mecosta. Mich.. care of "Round Lake Farm." SEE” WHEAT Grand Prize, Red Wave. hardy. ! stiff straw. beardless. no foul seed. rye or smut. 1 ho. $1.65. Sacks free. Get rices in larger lots. FRANK BARTLETT. Dryden. ich. RED WAVE SEED WHEAT Michigan record 55 bu. Cleaned and graded by first class machinery. Write for sample and price. ARK P. KELLEY. Oxford, Michigan. I For Sale—One year Gmseng Plants old. 36 per 1000, two year old“) per 1000. Stratified seed. :4 per lb. A. K. CARPENTER. Northville. Mich. SEED 'HE‘T The No. 1 Red Champion and Im- ported Kharkov from Russia. Two greatest varieties known for yield. Hardiest and best milling unlities. Write for sample and prices. W. J. ERRIAM, Almont. Michigan llLlIE’S IMPROVED GROENE WHEAT A vigorous. red, bearded wheat. very stifl straw. and of good milling qualities, 3. good yielder. write for (slam lo and prices. 0 ON C. LILLIE. Coopersvllle. Michigan. Michigan R064 NORTHERN GROWN SEED WHEAT wm. Hard . productive. Winter Wheat. 81.50 per bushel, ten bus . els or more, bags free. less uantity. bagsMc each. Gash with order. ROGERS B 08.. Alpena. Michigan WANTED—RYE and VETCH MIXTURE SEND SAMPLES FOR H!) To YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED co., Owosso, Mich. now WIN & KHABKOV WHEN. fii°iidi€§5l£§fl£$ plea and prices. Muncytown Stock Farm. Flat Rock. Mich. ' ; ' mi-H‘ltih»:«~':~,“ ,;. - .::~,I'w!' E THE CREAMERY AND THE FARMER. BY FLOYD W. nomsou. A Typical Letter. I write to know the particulars in regard to your testing cream, that is, that if, when I send a can of cream away, I could send a bottle of it at the same time to you to he tested. (in the can that I sent to the creamery, the test they allowed me was 34, and the test reported by you on a sample from the same can was 36. Yesterday I churned eight gallons of cream and sent them the same last week. They (the creamery) allowed me 19 pounds and I had 27% pounds out of my eight gallons. I used ice to do my churmng and always churned my cream until this summer. I expect the creamery to take a reasonable amount out (for churning) but almost. 10 pounds out of a can is pretty steep. I would like to know the particulars as to how you do and what you would charge me to test mine. St. Joseph Co. Mrs. H. H. The above is typical of many letters which we receive, having to do with the service established by the Mich- igan Farmer in testing milk and cream free to its subscribers. This service has been going on now for some time ———a sufficient time to demonstrate that there is still quite a lack of harmony in certain sections between the cream- eryand its patrons. We have hoped that this service might dispel some of the differences and the dissatisfaction existing between the patron and the ueamery and in the mind of the pa. tron himself over the unsatisfactory condition of his test. The Farmer Suspicious of the Cream- ery Man. There is no need denying the fact that there has been quite a wide- spread suspicion on the part of tee patron of creameries that he was not always being justly treated in the matter of tests by the creamery. That this suspicion has been quite Wide spread is sufficiently proven by the fact that it became necessary for the Legislature to enact a law making it a misdemeanor punishable in the courts for a creamery man to misread the test for butter-fat. My own expe- rience in dairy control in. the state has taught me that there has been occasion for a distrust on the part of the patron in this very matter of test. Creamery Owners Should Take Notice. ' It is certamly time that the cream-_ cries of the state should who this condition for the tolerance of such a condition is the greatest obstacle in the way of successful dairy develop- ment. The reason for this suspicion is in part justly founded and in part due to a lack of real information of the true situation by the patron. In so far as the patron's suspicion is Well founded, the condition should de- serve the most vigorous support by the creamery man in order that the Same may be remedied and the pa- tron’s mind drawn forcibly to the idea that the creamer-ice in general and that the creamery association as an organization is. emphatically for the absolute integrity of its business dealings with the patron. This we know to be the attitude of the organi- zation, this we believe to be the guid- ing principle of by far the majority of creamery managers and owners but the few who: depart from this path of righteousness are. the enemy which sows discord from which all reap rm- pleasantness. It should be noted that the law prescribes a penalty for over- reading the test, as well as for under- reading the test. Why Over-reading is Illegal. Were it not for the peculiar condi- tions prevailing in the dairy industry it would seem about! that the law Should provide a penalty for the may man giving to a. patron more Practical E. a llIllIllIll|llIHillIIIHIHHIllmmllllllllllflllllllll|lllll|IlllfllllflmllIlllllfllmmmflmfllmmlm 'fully adhered to. THE MICHIGAN FARVMER.” Science. = :3 a to the test. The peculiar part of this is (and herein lies some of the folly of the creamery manager) that in any case where the test is over-read other than mere accident it is usually for the purpose of taking an undue ad- vantage ot some other purchaser of cream. .Two creameries, for instance, that have routes which overlap have been hon repeatedly to attempt to influence patrons who are on the hm der line or who may he in the terri— tory of the other by giving him a higher test, when he brings his first consignment of cream or milk. than he has been getting at the other creamery. This, then, may be the very first symptom of suspicion which has ever entered the mind of the producer, a suspicion naturally that the cream~ cry with which he first did, luminous was not giving him the test to which he was entitled for, of course, he would argue that the new creamery would not commit suicide by allowing a higher content of fat than really ex- isted. When the Farmer Complains. The next step, however, is the one which usually brings this. condition to light for in the course of a few weeks it becomes necessary for the new creamery to make up for the extrava- gant test given on the start and to gradually lower the patron’s test until he perhaps had even a less test than was given by the other creamery. We then find such a condition as the let- ter quoted above portrays, and this explains the justice of the law to pre- vent the over-reading as well as the under-reading of the test. A Dissatisfied Patron Cannot Boost Your Creamery. -Usually the creamery man knows when the patron is dissatisfied and he should take just as much interest in satisfying his patrons as a business man of other lines of endeavor takes in satisfying his customers- The Bab- cock test is not a difficult test to un- derstand and it is not a real difficult test to make, although there are cer- tain precautions that. should be care- We believe that ev- ery farmer who sells milk or cream should familiarize himself with the principles governing the manipulation of the Babcock test.‘ We believe further, that every creamery man should see to it that his patrons do understand this test. If necessary he should invite the patron to come into the creamery and test his on milk in the presence of the cramery man. In fact, we believe it would be worth while to invite each patron at a speci- fied time to come into the creamery and assist the creamery man for a day in testing the milk or cream which comes in and acquaint him thoroughly with the method of test- ing. Let him see. what his neighbors’ test runs in the creamery. Let him maniulate it with his own hands and in so doing let him see (and see to it that he does understand) what a tre— mendously important thing the tak- ing of the sample. is. Furthermore in case of dispute or dissatisfaction which the above plan will not dissi- pate, we suggest that the creamery man encourage the patron to take a sample of.-cream or milk, being very particular that the sample is repre- sentative and send it to some careful laboratory for an independent report. It is this service which the Michigan Farmer Laboratories have been trying to give and we have had agreat many instances of excellent cooperation on the part of creamery owners and man- agers and patrons as well. ' Dairy Industry Cannot be Developed ‘ .ou bloom. '- ‘l‘he dairy industry will never reach mmmkmmammoevflomtntfi-,m sum. 11. rats differences between the patron and the emery man have been Wint- ed. The great bulk of the differences ‘ are due to suspicion aroused by lack of proper understanding between the patron and the creamery man. We believe that the greatest difler- '~ ences in the test are brought about through the medium of an unsatisfae- g tory sample. It is not a real simple j matter to take a sample of milk or cream for testing which represents a , time average of the milk or cream, hut i so far as the patron is concerned, or for that matter, so far as the creamer is concerned, an unsatisfactory sam- ple which is not an average may work an injustice to either. The farmer however, notices it more quickly than the creamery man for the reason that his attention is focused on the one or two or three cans of milk or cream which he takes to the creamery. The do you say, "Abouflo- and-co o'clock ?" 0r creamery man does not notice his loss A aadfiuch an hemp» - or his gain until he has averaged all 7 WithaSOUTH BEND his patron’s supply together and that ' perhaps at the end of the week or month. f , Farmer Notices the Variation Quicker ' ; than the Creamery Man. ' The farmer dealing with smaller Watch you can always be SURE. \ Our new 68- '_ be. Just pa : : tells why Soufi Bend 4.. Watches are “Ever- lastingly Accurate ”- catn- units naturally notices a variation in . r L Why "are Bbhtogive those units much more quickly than , 'M'W if he were operating on a larger scale. " " ng’ Practically all of these differences are . m ' subject to adjustment through the me- ‘ . dium of a perfect understanding. Our ' 0“ ..,en interest in the dairy business carried m— _.-,-v , through so many years, prompts us‘ . ' ‘ 0'1 to urge the creamery man to pay more attention. to the satisfying 0! his ‘~ patrons, not through giving a higher HALF A MILLION South 1‘ Bend Watch ownen and x‘ F’ 10.000 leading jewelers know the true quality and Deli . _ I {mono-tyin- test but through glvmg a correct test: 3c°§§'3¢°n'“i’e.a Wordle- and by seeing to it that the patron is um"§:mxm“§mym convinced that the test is correct and ”W 3%”:an our club . ‘30 flab Mam-{5.13: others—had and youth man’s size. with such hold. wonlhrfixldylel. enamel e W“ Inna- eta—are shown in cable: A post an! it?“ , . _ n. mmnnmiuwu that the intentions of the creamery toward him are absolutely those of square dealing in every particular. y, This may be the golden rule motto of ' the creamery and yet it availeth little if this fact is not passed to the indi-' vidual patron. , ‘ _. Cooperation is the Ke _~ ' hhszgm y to Success. ~~ . ”Watches. We believe that the patrons of a " creamery would individually welcome' from the creamery owner or manager the chance to spend a day at the. creamery helping test the cream, help- ing sample it and watching the var-i ions operations of butter manufacture, The creamer-y manager or owner tak-i 4 used, ‘.= ' . u-OQOI-ooo n 'o. ,... .. . nu oo-r'I-‘UI 'rq 1 ‘ Iv “on... ‘ ‘ " ' .Hl‘lUO’ ing the pains to explain in detail the operation of the business. The next day another patron could be invited, 'MNE ‘ MER g and so on from time to time through- : - s S E '5 out. the year until the list had been * BE- * - g; £3- gone over. We can think of nothi ‘ l M...“ I E that would serve. to banish the drag: " W me: if: encee between the creamery man and . WH- P- Pet doll I E the patron more quickly and more sat- . tum” nae. Sow}? Be?" . isfactorily than this. The patron of M egg this “9" is muni- ; knows what it is to feed and care for .' 81'6”" resent Engme va1"" = his cows and to milk twice a day the , W 1 year around to produce the small, amount of cream or milk which he is able to transport to the creamery. It is no wonder that he feels agrieved and resentful when he. thinks the creamery is not giving him his just deserts in the matter of the. test. We can think of no business man who' wonld let matters go to the extent} that the farmer does before investi- gating these conditions. The cream-I cry man can well afford to take the. opportunity, nay he can not. afford to ‘ neglect any opportunity to satisfy and - convince his patrons along these lines. __..,,. gag-h l A coon VETERINARY BOOK. . sum 3. . Very often a Veterinary Boo-k can save you money. We have been able - to buy 1,000 copies of Gleason's Veter- inary Book (latest edition) at 29 cents apiece. This book contains methods of training homes and curing their diseases. To old subscribers who now take the Michigan Farmer we will send this hook for 29 ,cents..nostpaid. To new subscribers we, will send the boot .,_as¢ the lim;hm¢ m m manta in excess of 825. (Mustard only other cogI in gmnéo Fix-Governor Speaker as. I ' nae-mu: mm of row on to Insure Your Auto Against Fire, Then And Liability defendtall mifsundmnohiudg‘g- ich: Compton Write for milk” aim inks year for ”cents. I‘m fra'fhorgainf . . . . ,. . as the veterinary book would cost you leg‘hMZ'gum at w 59 .09!” in WWW. BA "numb 9. Rm .. 177; and got bouthlnl couples. style: m-md%?§& d I‘ Magazine Section LITERATURE POETRY HISTORY an? INFORMATION '9 Li . HE‘J, QC}: JgA_ < ‘ITIe FARM BOY an? GIRL SCIENTIFIC an? MECHANICAL This Magazine Section toms apart of our paper every week. Every article is written'especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere. Fanny’s Friend from Fairyland By MARY L. DANN ANNY was tired of knitting, just as all Fanny’s were in the long ago; but Grandma had set her a stint, which must be knitted up to. Fanny thought that if she was a Grandma and Grandma was a little girl, she would never set Grandma a stint. If there is anything girls de- test, it is having to keep right on do- ing up to a certain line, like toeing the mark in school. Fanny knitted on, around and around the stocking. The blue and white clouded yarn made funny little patches of such queer shapes. One would never think that just tieing a tight knot in a skein of white yarn and dipping it into blue dye, would make it into uneven lengths of blue and white, which would knit into the oddest little figures, but it did. One of the blue backgrounds, which she had knitted, showed in its center a pudgy white boy, with such a round stomach and very short legs. She wondered what the next figure would be like when she should have it knitted. Her long lashes drooped wearily ov- er her cheeks, the knitting fell from her fingers and such a delicious warm comfortableness spread over her. About that time the door opened noise- lessly and an object appeared in the doorway. It was the strangest thing Fanny had ever seen. Just a giant Jack-inothe-pulpit. It stood still for a moment, then the green flap raised and out of the pulpit sprang the queer- est little sprite. The strange little creature landed on the floor with never a sound. Her shoes were long, pointed and very slim, and the points turned up in such a saucy way. Her ankles were small and her stockings were of the bright- est yellow. Her dress and her many crisp, rustling petticoats were all of llllllllllllllllllll||lllllllllllllllllllHllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllI|llIllHllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll‘ 'l'lll’ lil.’ liillllll llllll "Illllll“l'lll"‘I’ll’lll'll'lllllllllil ll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllHllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll WORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES Bernardino Machado, President of Portugal. Newly Elected Australian Soldiers in the Trenches at the Dardanelles. Mohammedans, Principally British Indian Troops, Assembled at Woking, near London, for Prayer. Storm-Sweeps Houston, Texas, and Causes Millions=of Dollars of Damage to Property. French Soldiers Protected Against Danger from Poisonous Gases. State House at Boston where State Governors Discuss Defense Plans. General View of the Assembly of Spectators at Asbury Park, N. J. to see the Baby Parade. Ten Thousand Rendered Homeless as Floods Sweep through Canton, China, Destroying Shops and Homes. Copyright by Underwood I Underwood. II. II. . 214--14 THE MICHIGAN FARMER SEPT. 11, 1915 " black and her face, believe .me, was black too; but her eyes were bright, her lips red and her teeth very white. She had in her hand a wand, which was crooked and Wiggly, like a snake, and was as black as her dress. At. the end of the wand was the queerest head, not at all like a snake’s but, would you believe it? It was just like the head of Thomas, who spread his tail and strutted and gobbled and sometimes chased Fanny out of the barnyard. The head on the wand had great red rattles and a. long, red pen- dant over its bill. Fanny looked at it and shivered, for she was so afraid of Thomas. - The strange little creature, whose name was Gill-in-the—pulpit, came to- ward Fanny on the tips of her long toes, and waved her wand, and the 5 room was filled with a light almost as red as Thomas’s wattles. The sprite dropped her wand and took the knit- ting from Fanny’s lap. Fanny clasped her hands and drew in a long, wonder- ing breath. The knitting needles had turned to gold and the creature was knitting so fast. The golden needles glittered in the red light and the stocking grew at an amazing pace. But still more wonderful, the color of the yarn had changed from common blue and white to the most brilliant crimson. As Fanny watched, she saw ' that it was not a stocking the crea- ' tore was knitting but a bag—a splen- did bag. The yarn was strung with beads that glittered like diamonds, and as the needles flew they formed themselves into charming patterns of birds, flowers and butterflies. In a very few moments the bag was com- . pleted and out from her sleeve this fairy Gill drew a crimson ribbon, all covered with flowers and figures. in gold embroidery, which she slipped -' through the loops at the top of the bag '_and tied the ends in pretty bows. When it was completed, she threw it into Fanny’s lap. “It is all yours,” she said] “Look inside and see that . you find." ; Fanny timidly opened the bag and z drew forth a tiny box in which was a l ring of coral. The very one she had F wanted so much and had cried behind 3 the pantry door when she did not got it for her birthday. Slipping her hand I again inside, she found two elegant 3 hair ribbons, so wide and so long and so pink that she kissed them in her delight. Again she put her hand in- side and drew out a little instrument )olgoldwitbascaly,pearihandle. “'l‘his,” Gill explained, “is a rigo- nlarjig. Perhaps you never owned one before. Very few people have even i seen one of these useful things. If you é have any work to do, pass the rig-a— } lira-jig over it and it is done.” Fanny gasped in amazement. ‘With this she could touch her neck and it would be washed clean; she could ' touch her hair and it would be . smoothly combed, without having to ,make wry faces while Grandma comb- ed out the snarls- and witch-stumps; she‘would touch the bed and it would be made, with the pillows fluffed up and the spread not the tiniest bit awry. Oh, it was great! Something warm and heavy dropped into her lap. She gave a terrified lit- tle scream and sprang to her feet, throwing her knitting and Snowball, the cat, half across the room. Grand~ ma came in from the kitchen. “Where is the black fairy and the red bag and the ring and the ribbons and the rig-a—ma—jig?” Fanny asked. with wide open eyes. “Tut, tut, dearie,” said Grandma “you have been asleep and must have dreamed queer things. I will help you tonndreooandwewilltnckyouin bed.” Fanny looked at the blue stocking. ,, : ,.,n..zt Lugs . WIIIIHMWWW E RED MIST ' By. RANDALL PARRISH. m “,1, :.:i. . r‘ .-.. ' l w ‘ -.‘ -.. 4 copyright 1. 0. new. CHAPTER XXVII. _ With Backs to the Wall. I grasped the situation clearly enough, and also comprehended the reckless nonchalance oi the oficer. What was. his purpose, his present plan? It appeared to me that the con- ditions warranted a retreat, _ along the unfrequented mountain trail by which this daring party of adven- turers had come. The troops, as well as the guerillas, must have discover- ed by this time that‘ we were' not in advance of them. They would return searching every nook and corner in hope of discovering our hiding place. They might even unite their forces, impelled as they were by the same de- sire, and thus become truly formid- able. Personal hatred of me, and the wish to regain possession of Noreen, would animate and centrol both Anse Cowan and the angry, humiliated lieu» tenant. While neither would likely confess his purpose‘to the other, yet their mutual interests would naturally suggest an alliance. And there was no war feud between the two which would necessarily prevent their co-op- oration. Indeed, the troopers would gladly welcome any excuse which would bring Cowan’s gang of outlaws into close: connection. And the out- fit would never pass by this church again without searching its inter10r. Only eagerness, a haste to overtake us in our attempted flight, had led to their blind riding by before. I turned to Hmood, who was whispering non- sense to Noreen. "What do you mean to do, Lieuten- ant?” I asked quietly, but with my own mind made up. Rmnain here?” » He stroked his small moustache. “I thought we might hang on on midnight, Wyatt, and then, if nothing happened, take the back trail. I don‘t want to pass another day in this cuss— ed hole. What do you think?” “That the sooner we get away the better,” I answered promptly. “Your position here is far more dangerom than you appear to realize. Boththose parties traveling east were in search after us; they were led by men who would go to any extreme to efl'ect our capture. I haven’t time to tell you the whole story now, but it involves your cousin as well as myself. They rode straight on because they were con- vinced we were still ahead of them. ”Tin likely they know better now, and will search every ravine and covert on their return. If the forage train is moving this way those cavalrymen are with it in addition to the regular guard, and you will never dare attack with your small force. The only chanCe you lave of bringing your command safely back to Covington, lieutenant, is to get away before your presence here is suspected.” “I suppose that’s right,” he admit- ted reluctantly. “But I don't like to turn tail without hitting a blow—it’s not the style of the 'flrird Kentucky. We could give a good account of our- selves against those Yankee troopers.” “Possibly; bnt not against a combi nation of troopers, wagon guard, and Cowan's gang of guerillas. They would outnumber you four to one; and they are figting men.” “You think they will combine?" “If they meet, and there is an ex- planation—yes. Cowan doesn’t care which side he fights on, so he gains his end, and the cavalry commander will welcome any reinforcements. They might quarrel later over results, but now they possess a common ob ject, and will be like two peas in a pod- Do as you please, Harv-nod, but I am not under your command, and, if you cease to remain here, we Will ride on alone. Will you go with me, Noreen ?” She had not spoken, and in the fast increasing gloom I could scarcely dis- tinguish her presence. But. at my di- rect question she took a step toward me, and I felt the presence of her hand on my sleeve. “Yes,” she said, “whenever you think best. Cousin,” she added, glanc- ing across her shoulder at the perplex ed officer, “I would like you to come, too” He laughed, wheeling about in End- den decision. m’gegeckon Ihmigbt as well,” be ad- good mooredly, “as long as the family endorses the move. Whar- ton, have the pickets drawn in, and the men muttered. The needles were an inch from the “’9" the thread and she felt. sure the tiger-ma- jig must have done it. " ‘smmnnmmmumnmmmuum Sill “There is firing to the east, sir.” “How far away, Somers?’ It was the sergeant who spoke. “About a quarter of a. mile, 1 rock- on; the flash showed up a bunch 0’ men this side 0’ the big rock. They must 0’ got sight 0’ Hardy, sir, an’ popped away at him ; tbet’s about whar he was.” Harwood swore, but his sudden oath was not altogether uncheerful, as he strode across to the nearest window on that side, and endeavored to peer out. Except for a faint tinge of light m the west, and a half moon in the southern sky, we were enveloped in darkness. i could scarcely distinguish the girl at my side, although the win- dows emitted a slight glimmer, and the_ form of the lieutenant outlined against the opening was dimly visible. I doubt. if he perceived anything, but we all of us heard the soundof boots, and the approaching rumble of wagon wheels. Harwood turned, and faced inward. “It’s the forage train, boys,” he said sharply, “With a, bunch of cavalry rid- mg ahead. Get to the windows, but be quiet about it—you know the or- ders. Great guns, Wharton, we are liable to have our fight yet. Have the men load; come with me, Wyatt, where we can see out in front.” Noreen clung to me, as l groped my way_through the narrow door into the vestibule. It could make little differ- ence where she was in case we were discovered and attacked; better, in- deed, that we remain together. At the open window I held her hands, and the three of us watched in silence, starmg out at the white ribbon of road revealed under the moon, the . ' . column grow- ing more distinct. CHAPTER XXVIII. The Trap Closes. lientenant’s fingers gripped my shoulder. "By the Lord Harry, the feli- lows make noise enough for an army,” the whispered. “I reckon they are all “‘No doubt of it—how is your ammo- nition?’ “Sixty rounds to a man,” he chuck led. “It will cost them something to get through these log walls. Still, we haven’t much chance in the end,” he added thoughtfully, “for they’re bound to get us. Generally I pray for alight, but I hope those Yanks will be kind enough to ride by.” “and so do I,” I answered soberly. feeling the quick pressure of Noreen’s fingers. “There they urine, Hanood —see! two horsemen ahead.” They were merely black shadows outlmed against the white road, but as they drew. somewhat closer the vealing dimly the shape and clothing of each. One, was slender, sitting straight in the saddle, to all appear- ance a cavalryman; but the. other sloudhed awkwardly over his pommel, a larger, more shapeless figure, the barrel of a rifle. showing clear above his shoulder, a broad harm-in: flapping to movements of his horse. They drew rein opposite the church, the cavalryman’s horse turned partly about. In the distance, down the sharp slope of the hill, appeared the deeper shadow of an advancing col~ mm of mounted men. The only sound was the impatient paving of a horse’s hoof, and Noreen’s whisper at my ear: “The bigger one is Anse CoWan.” “And the other Raymond,” I re- turned in the same low tone. “The two have apparently got together.” “It looks mighty odd to me,“ said a voice suddenly, clearly audible through the night, “that fellow being in Rel) Enifo’rm. What could he be doing ere.” “A scout, I reckon,” mbled a re- ply, barely distingnicha le. “Couldn’t be no considerable force along yere, Lieutenant, fer we’re both been over ther pike since mornin’. .Thet was just a straw we run into, but it mout be best ter take a look along this yere ridge afore we ride on.” “All right,” assented the other. “I’ll .wait here until For and Moran come Let some of your men ride back as far as those wood:o over yonder: We themyoufellersm a’fidin’mbadahothsowe thedeoth. meetin’ house, but I reckon we may as well be sure as long as we’re here v...— No darn fool. would - hide . this close ter the pike. That you, Kelly?" There was a meaningless growl from an advancing group of horsemen, and Anne swore, spurring his horse forward to meet them. “Say, Kelly! I’ve had enough of your confounded grouch. Either you’ll do as I say, or I’ll cave the side of your head 1n, and have done with it. I've had enough! do you hear? I reckon I’m Just as interested in overhaulin’ that cuss as you are. Now you obey my orders, an’ be quick abo t it; give me another line of back ta , an’ I'll blow the whole top of your head off! You’re what? Jerking! Well, let up on that kind, will you? I’m in no bu- mor for 1t. Take three or four men. and ride over the ridge, back as far as the rock. The sojers are goin’ ter halt yere a minute.” ‘ Kelly and his little squad trotted past us, circling the end of the build— ing, the remainder of the group of horsemen, evidently composed of Gow— ans gang of cut-throats, scattering along the roadside, with no semblance to military discipline. A few kept to their saddles, permitting their horses to browse idly among the weeds, but the majority dismounted, and flung themselves wearily on the ground. A dozen strolled across to the well a few yards away, and we could hear them laugh and joke among them~ selves, as mend drew his horse back, away from close contact with the fellows, staring at their antics a moment, and then looking toward the black silence of. the church. He. said nothing, but fin- ally touched spur to his horse’s flanks, and went trotting back dowu the road, as though intending to intercept the advancmg column, which was not yet Visible. Cowan looked after him with a sneer. “The confounded ed to a. man just behind, gestu ’ With one hand. “We’re not quite g enough fer him, but I’ll show him afore this job’s done who's the boss. I don’t take orders from nothin’ like that- Would you, Jen?” “I should say not,” mpcmded the other, spitting into the road. “What: ever got us tied up yore with these Yanks, Anse, anyhow? I don’t thought as how we was fightin’ against the blue-bellies a bit ago; an’ now we’re as thick as two fleas. Did yer git yer price?” Cowan laughed grimly. “Thar ain’t no occasion fer yer ter worry, Jean,” he confided, evidently willing the others close about should hear. “We ain‘t tied up with no Yanks, ’cept for maybe a few hours. Thar wasn’t nothin’ else ter do, but be friendly. Thar was thirty 0’ us run. mn’ ken-bump inter thet bunch o' cov- alrymen, with the:- wagon train a com- m' a hundreds yards away. “We weren’t in no shape ter fight about a hundred an’ fifty sojers. I reckon tho’ we’d a had to if that young popinjay hed been in command amltgotthesenseofadried louse. But Cap Fox, he rode out, an‘ we sorter talked it over. He daft feel very blame kindiovard me since our fracas tether night, but he’s a com, an’ he knows what Romany wants. I‘hefswhatlbankedomferl knew the ginenl had give his order: ter use every means possible tel- git us ter help out the Yanks. So I just up an' told ther Cap that we was out dandy.” he growl; the Windlass crea-ked. Ray: huntin’ fer ther same teller he wus; . thet my father had been killed, an' I reckoned the Bob spy did it, an’ that from now on we Ins on their side. I don‘t reckon as. how he believed much 0’ what I sad, but all tber same, he ‘ did. an' let us go ’long without no fightin’. So he thine sent us on ahead. an’ sent thet young snip along for ter had ter- pretend he ’ goin' for to fight ' watch me. Thet’s how it happened.” ' “I see, an' termorrer we leaves them 7 holdin' the bag—Hulk), Ansel look thar—it’s’ kelly comin’ back, an’, by ‘ Jinks, he's leadin’ two bosses.” The returning party came clattering - out onto the road, past the well, Kelly asking loudly where Cowan was, and , then riding straight toward his chief, ' the two riderless horses trailing in . the rear. “They Was hobbled back 0’ ther chimney rock,” he reported shortly, “an’ I reckon they’d been rid up the old trafl from Silver Spring.” Anse swung down to the ground, f and ran his hands over the animals,'; fingering the equipment. “Not cavalry stuff,” he said, “so ’tain’t likely they belonged to the Bob we shot back that in the hollow. Didn’t the lieutenant say Athet the spy an’ the gar! got off on horses hitched i hotel. . by the “I didn‘t hear tell.” ‘ “Well, I did; anyhow they wasn‘t armykoneotheytook. Ibelievethey areakidin’nowlntbatchurch. Here, youKelly,’anewexultanttono tohis voice, “scatter your ma around the:- . build!!! we" starln' at me. Hey, Jan! where are you? Oh, all right; ride back to the colors, an' tell Fox we’ve got the .._.w_—.._.‘_.._...__. SEPT. 11, 1915. coon. Go on now. Wait a minute, Kelly; leave ten of the fellers here with me. I’ll look after the front. Don’t forget thar’s a back door.” The guerillas came forward on foot, running, and scrambling up the 1n- cline, but inclined to keep well back from the silent church. Yet they did not seem to take their mission seri- ously, laughing and talking as they ran, Kelly’s voice growling out com- mands. Even if their victim was within those log walls, they had little to fear from one man; there might be a shot or two fired, of course, but the odds were far too great for them to entertain any doubt as to the result. Anse remained out in the road mo- tionless, holding his horse, a dark shapeless group of men gathered about him. Jem was clattering down the pike, the clang of his horse’s hoofs dying away in the distance. Harwood dropped his gripping hand from off my shoulder, and stepped back from before the window. “Sergeant.” “Here, sir,” and Wharton moved slightly in the darkness, so as to Sig- nify his whereabouts. “You attended to the door?” “Yes, sir; we found an old iron bar to fit across; they’ll have to crush in the wood to get through." “Good; we’ll give those devils a surprise party; there will be some dead men around here presently. I’ll take charge here at the front; you have men at the other window?” “Five, sir.” “Let Johnson and McIlvane join me here; what is the name of that lad I was going to recommend for cor- poral?” “O’Hare, sir; Jacob O’Hare.” “Put him in command of the south side, and you take the north; place benches to stand on under the win- dows, but keep your men down until you get the word. There is to be no firing until I give the order. Tell them they have got to fight for their lives. You understand?” “Yes, sir; we’ll do it, sir." “Then get to your stations. Now, Wyatt, how about you, ready to take a hand?” “I place myself under your orders.” “Then I give you command at the other end; there are two windows and a door. Here, take this gun, and belt; I can get another.” He stopped, and drew in a quick breath, glancing out again through the window. “Friend Cowan—if that be his name —-—seems to be waiting for the military to come up,” he commented mocking- ly. “Prefers to let the Yanks pull his chestnuts out of the fire. Perhaps he has known you a long while—hey, Wyatt?” “The acquaintance has been rather brief, but warm.” “No doubt; well, I’ll help make it warmer presently. Fair cousin, I do "not know where to hide you in safety. This is going to be a real fight, or I am greatly mistaken, and bullets will fly wild through the dark.” “I suggest the tower,” I interrupted, “with the ladder drawn up; the heavy puncheon floor will be sufficient pro- tection.” “I thought of that expedient,” he ad- mitted, “but we will let the lady de- cide.” “If it is left to me,” she said quiet- ly, “I prefer to go with Tom Wyatt.” “But you do not understand,” I broke in hastily, my pulses throbbing at her unexpected decision. “They may attack—” “Oh, yes, the lady does, Wyatt,” chuckled the lieutenant, his reckless good nature in no wise lost by the des- peration of our position. “She is a Harwood, that’s all. Lord! I knew what her choice would be before ever I asked the question. Greetings, fair cousin; now I know we are kin. Hul- lo! here comes the cavalry! Now, boys, to your posts—and stand up to the music.” I caught her hand in mine, still doubtful as to her real purpose. In the reflection of the moonlight I could perceive the outline of her face, and knew her eyes were uplifted frankly to mine. “You—you mean that, Noreen?” “Yes; do not refuse. I am not afraid,” she implored. “Take me with you.” 1 found the door, and the narrow aisle leading between the two rows of benches. Enough moonlight straggled in through the side windows to enable us to pick our way, and to note the dark, motionless shadows along the side walls where the troopers waited grimly, guns poised and ready. There was a tense breathlessness to the sit- uation which made my heart leap, not a sound audible within but the low whispers as some order passed from man to man down the line. We came 10 the platform, and felt our way up the Steps. It was darker here, yet my eyes, accustomed to the gloom, caught glimpse of crouching figures beyond the pulpit. Outside, sounding some distance aw'ay, .Kelly’s sharp, pene- trating‘ voice shouted an order, ac- : \ THE MICHIGAN FARMERI companied by an oats. One of the kneeling figures rose slowly until his eyes were even with the window sill. “Men,” I said quietly, barely loud enough to reach their ears. “I am a seargeant in the Staunton Horse Ar- tillery. Your lieutenant has just as- signed me to take command at this end of the church. How many are there of you?” “Ten, sir,” answered the one near- est, after a pause, turning his head slightly. “Three at each Window, and four at the door.” “Door barred?” “No, locked, and benches piled up against it.” , “You have a prisoner, stand.” He gave a muffled sound,vas though stiflling an incipient laugh. “Nuthin’ ter worry ’bout; he’s a ly- in’ over thar in the corner with Jack Gold a guardin’ of him. I reckon the cuss likes prayin’ better ner fightin’ any day 0’ the wook.” “All right, then; we’ll give Jack Gold something more valuable to at- I under- tend to.” I dropped my voice to a whisper. “Noreen.” “Yes I! “It will give us an extra fighting man if you will keep an eye on Nich- ols, and we’ll need them all. You are willing to help?” “Of course; I thought I could load guns, but—” “I would rather have you there,” I interrupted earnestly, “Where I can feel reasonably sure you will be safe from stray bullets. I shall be less a coward if I believe you out of dan- ger.” “A coward-youl will go.” . I stepped across the platform, hold- ing her arm. “This you, Gold?” “Yes, sir.” “The lady will watch the prisoner; you had better join the others at the door.” He moved off, evidently glad enough to be relieved, and I stood erect where I could gaze through the near-by win- dow into the moonlight night without. I had a moment in which to think, to gather my scattered wits together, to face the situation. Behind me the tramp of approaching horsemen sound- ed along the pike, the gruff tone of an occasional voice, the clang of accou- trcments. Then this noise ceased, as the head of the cavalry column came up to where Cowan and his men wait- ed. I could barely make out the mur- mur of voices in explanation, muffled by the sound of approaching wheels, Signifying the slower advance of the guarded wagons. I heard no orders given, yet the moonlight reVealed more numerous figures in the thin line stretching across the open space. “Thar’s sojers out thar now, sir,” whispered the man next the window, fingering his gun nervousely, “a slew of ’em. Do yer know how many they got?” “Only to guess at it: a couple of hundred altogether I should say— enough to make it interesting.” .I leaned forward, attracted by the Sight of two figures standing together in the full gleam of the moon—Cowan and Raymond. So they were to com- mand the rear attack, while Fox and the infantryman remained out in the front. ' ' “Have you counted the fellows out there?” I asked. “ ’Bout fifty near as I kin make out; they’re movin’ ’round some, an’ the light is bad.” “Then the main body is still in front and_ that is where the fight will likely begin. Pass the word no firing until you get the order.” I stepped back, whispering a word to Noreen as I passed, and took place beside the pulpit, where I could see Yes, of course, I and hear something of what was about . to transpire. (To be continued). A LITTLE WISDOM. A single seed of fact will produce in a_season or two a harvest of calum- nies. but sensible men will pay no at- tention to them.-—Froude. The working of revolutions, there- fore, misleads me no more; it is as necessary to our race as its waves to the stream, that it may not be a stag- nant marsh. Evert renewed in its forms, the genius of humanity blos- soms.—Herder. He who lives in the spirit never grows old. The outward man perishes, but the inward man has a perpetual youth—Phillips Brooks. The efforts and strivings of our three score years arelnot adjusted to the scale of seventy, they are adjust- ed to the scale of immortality. This life is not the opera, it is the over- ture. It is not the book, it is the first chapter of the book. ’A man must be wakeful to his eternal destiny if—he would know the magnitude of things. -—G. H. Morrison. ' ‘1 l 1 Heating Pipes i ' 1 Are Needless ‘~.4\ (Copyright 1915by'1'he Monitor Stove 6!. Range Co.) When you fit your house with the Caloric 'pipeless Furnace. It fits immediately under the floor and the warmed air from its Single register circulates through the entire house. . You can install this furnace almost as easily as a. stove and you do not have your cellar littered with a. labyrinth of pipes. There being no pipes in the cellar this is the 'one furnace that will not spoil produce. CW ' (Patented) m: ALO RI mg: (Patented) : , ’ mo ’ 1 air circulation which The mit free causes the coal to burn thorough- . 1y. No clinkers to lose you money. 4 These ribs prevent ashes from forming on the firepot and retard- ing heat radiation. The Caloric firepot has 600 square inches ; running through the house and greater radiation than the aver- cellar to waste heat. The ribs ad- age firepot. Install It Easily in Any House--Old or New Nothing to do but cut one hole for a register. > By digging a small pit you can even put the i Caloric Pipeless Furnace in a. house that has no cellar. It will burn coal, coke or wood. Bring city comforts to farm homes. Saves the labor of carrying fuel upstairs and ashes downstairs. The Caloric Pipeless Furnace lessens fire danger .‘ to house and children. It provides a healthful uniform is designed on new‘ principles and has desirable features that cannot be found elsewhere. It is guaran- teed to save 35 per cent 'of your fuel. This great saving is effected by means of our ribbed firepot, and the fact that there are no pipes Our Strong Guarantee to prove our confidence. If the Caloric Pipeless Furnace is not entirely satisfac- tory we’ll make it so any time within one ' year. If there is no dealer in your town to demonstrate this furnace write us , for illustrated catalog. The Monitor Stove & Range 00., . 206 Gest St., Cincinnati, 0. when you pay the price of good shoes, and get them. But it is the height of extrava- gance to buy shoes of inferior quality, for what you get is only present appearance. not continuing worth. It pays to buy good shoes, The Rouge Rex Kind The kind that is good today, tomorrow, and the next day; that keep their shape, protect the feet, and give lasting satis- faction in every regard. We tan the leather and make the shoes, and every process is so ordered as to make Rouge Rex shoes meet your needs. No. 450 is a model for this season. It is 8 inches high, has a. bellows tongue all the way up to keep out the dirt. Uppers are made from black broncho stock of excellent wearing quality. Also, made in tan No. 452. Write for descriptive book and nearest dealer’s name HIRTHiKRAUSE COMPANY Hide to Shoe Tanner: and Shoe Manufacturer: 1' I mt GRAND RAPIDS MICHIGAN lurk of Quilt: on our: Bob WarPricesior Beans The “ORIGINAL” MILLER BEAN HARVESTER ! I at these L00 _ Any size engine from 1 1-2 to 6 h. ‘ , ,4!" p. stationary or mounted, ‘ at proportionate prices. y 9875 " Our great volume, modern ._ up Iified _deSign and standardized manufacture make t ese prices pos- sible. Hundreds of thousands of ->~~—- W " Galloway customers testify to the quality of Gallowa ,gbuilt and sold direct goods. 0 not 1 buyan engine, spreader or - --—:— cream - separat- or until new low, cut-y . , down-to- bedrock summer plflcoo. Man- ufacturm improvements have enab ed us. to slash the rice and maintain the qua ity. _ All Galloway goods sold on a blndlnf money‘back-if-don't— ‘ , like them p on. Don't buy until an firs get our NEW BOOK an new ow cut-uftalu ed prices for the num- mzrfi lpp SI’READERS6 15 up . , still leads all others as the most reliable and satisfactory tool for harvesting beans. Don’t be deceived—demand the machine 5 With the name ‘ ‘Miller” plainly stenciled. , Wood or Steel frames. Manufactured by 1 Le Roy Plow Company, Le Roy, N. Y. 1 Ask your Dealer or write us. I from Ch , W W .Minnoapolia,K.C.:ccaggicilBaluflll-o. .. Vlm. Galloway Company . Waterloo. low- Fon SALE—One De mvai Separator No. 15 .1. most new, a good gal. churn and single buggy. cheap. E. Stricker. 741 Melon-um Avo.. Detroit. Mich When writing advertisers mention Michigan Par-er I “AR-{Cali ‘ ’ ‘12]. .‘ SPECIFICATIONS The New Ra! lhe Filth—5875 Wheel Bane—115 indies. Springs—Front—Semi-elliptic—Ss”: 2" with 7 leaves. Rear—three- quarter elliptic. Lower section—— )6 ’ ’ x 2 ’ ’ with 7 la vee; fion 22 1346"! 2" with 7 Vet. Front Axle—I- beam, drop forged, with Timken roller bearing spindles. Rear Axle—Tubular—oerni-floatiag, Timken roller bearings at difi'ererh tiaI—Hyatt High Duty roller bear- ings at wheels, pin .on integral with stub shaft—two universal Joints in propeller shaft Tires—34" x 4" £ront and rear. Non- skid on rear. Motor—Vertical, four-cylinder, cast in pairs, m Lupe with lob head, with inlet valve in head. alve- mechanically operated and protected. Cylinder Dimensions—4%”: 456' . ‘ “creamer-35. Cooling System—Water jackets and tubular radiator, cellular patmrn. Lubrication—Automatic force feed by plunger pump with return eye- tern. Carburetor—Automatic, heated by hot air and hot water. Ignition—Combined generator and magneto, driven h timing floors with 100 ampere hour storage battery. Starter ‘ separate unit, six volt. connected to transmission. Transmission—Selective swinging type with single rod center control. Clutch—Multiple dry disc, heed with asbestos withpoeitiveinstantreleaee. Brakes—Two on each rear wheel. one internal, one external, 14‘" diameter drums —— service brake intercon- nected with clutch pedal. Steering—Gear and sector with 181 steering wheel. Control—Leila hand drive, center control—s ark and throttle on steermgwfieel with foot accelerator. Positive—Thief-prooflocfing device. Fender-Drawn sheet steel oflateet oval type——ehield between running boards and body—close fitting, Quick detachable under pan~iiurn~ inum bound, linoleum covered running boards. Gasoline Capacity—16 gallons. Air pump on dash for emergencies. Body —— Five - passenger—streamline touring car type with extra wide full “U” doors, front and rear. Genuine leather upholstering. Deep cushions and backs. Finish—Body. Golden Olive, running gegrd, bunt; equipment nickel trim- m . Equipment—hilly electric lighted throughout; improved 5- bow, one- man mohair top with full side cur- tains; mohair slip cover; clear- -vision rain- vision. ventilating windshield; speedometer; electric harmextmrim; withOisan-ovultire WM ;oomlete tool andtireomflt; footandroberails. Price—$875,t.o.b.mm - era a, M: on EGAN than ER (Here 'Are The Look at the Cars, Consider the Values, and WE FEEL WE MUST EXPLAIN to our more intelligent readers why and how it is possible to place such cars in your hmds at such unheard of prices. FOR WITHOUT THAT EICPLANATION—wvithout rea- sons so logical they must satisfy you~—you could not under- stand. could not accept, these values as genuine. OF COURSE THE PRICES ALONE would not astonish— might not even interest—you. For mere price taken by itself, indicates nothing to the intelligent buyer. BESIDES YOU’VE BEEN SURFEITED with announce- ments of “big cars at little prices”——this year more than ever before. MOST MAKERS SEEM TO HAVE LOST THEIR HEADS in the fierce battle of price competition. As a result you ’ve seal price reductions that indicated to your mind clearly one of two fiingHither that the value one not there last amen or couldn’ t be this. SO WE PRICE—EVEN THESE sensational new Reo paces—would interest you only mildly if at all. BUT KNOWING AS YOU DO REO STANDARDS of excellence in outed-ale and manufacture; knowing as you do the Rec reputation for making only care of sterling quality; knowing and emjmatm; as you will, Reo integrity in selling as well as in making. you must marvel at these prices. YOU KNOW THESE TWO REOS—you know that in all _ me world there have never been two models that enjoyed greater popularity. AND RIGHTLY SO—for we maintain that these are the ripest, the most refined, and the most nearly perfect automobiles ever turned out of any factory—simply became they have been made in their present form—in allessentials —for more years than any others, and more time, and more experience, more skill, and more care have been devoted to refining and perfecting them. BOTH REO MODELS—Rec the Fifth, “The Incomparable Four,” and the new Roo Six—have long since passed the experimental stage. Both have been tried and proved—— and not by factory testers, but by thousands and tens of thousands of owners, and in every land. THINK WHAT THAT LJEANS. Consider the satisfaction it is to us to know—to know absolutely—that every car that leaves this factory in the coming year will carry with it absolute satisfaction—absolute certainty of satisfaction—to its new owner. THIS YEAR OF ALL YEARS we are glad we have nothing radically new, nothing experimental—nothing even doubt- ful or questionable to offer our hosts of friends. OF COURSE WE CONSIDERED this matter from every angle. We are conversant—have been for months—with anything others were trying to do. . OUR ENGINEERS ARE JUST AS ALERT as others—just as enterprising and just as prone to experiment and to ex- plore new and interesting fields. They enjoy working mechanical puzzles just as keenly as any. But—*— MOST OF ALL WE CONSIDERED it from the standpoint of those thousands and thousands of friends who have lwned to lean upon us, secure in the beliefthat we will ofl‘er themnothingbutthatofwhichweourselvesaresure. “BUT THE PRICES?" YOU ASK. “Why and how were these necessary and possible. Why necessary—how possible for this product, not merely as good asfounerly, but better.” WE WILL ANSWER THAT QUERY, Read Carefully the ”Explanation IT WASN’T NECESSARY—any» more than it was necessary to devote the thought and the energy and the expense to the improvement of can that already represented values to great that every Rec car was snapped up the instant it came from the factory. IT WASN’T NECESSARY either to improve the quality pr to reduce the price-except that it is and always baa-be tn the Rec desire to give Reo buyers greater value than could be' obtained elsewhere and just as much more as our gee-a experience and superior facilities could give. «fr BUT IT WAS POSSIBLE—and that was sufficient. THE REASON IS INTERESTING—interesting and ' - tive and makes mighty profitable reading to any pros c buyer of an automobile. ACOMBINATION OF FACTORS and conditions that ; we believe, unique with Rec, made these prices for th quality-cars possible. NO; PRICES OF MATERIALS HAD NOTHING to o with it—prices of no important materials are lower, wh lle prices of many are higher now than a year ago. Only w ly cost of materials in a car can be reduced this year is by reducing quality of materials—using inferior or substitute. YES; THERE IS ANOTHER WAY—the simple expedie Pt of reducing the amount of materials. In other words, redt Ic- ing the weight of the car. FOR IT IS A FACT THAT YOU CAN reduce the r of an automobile twenty—five per cent by the simple p s of cutting the weight down that much. Some do—to * c danger point, we believe. REO CARS ARE. LIGHT CARS—but not light to the po' t of flimsiness. They are as light as may be without sacri e of safety or durability. SO THAT EXPEDIENT of cutting down the amount of materials that go into the car was not to be thought of , any more than was the other of using materials of inferior quality or substitution. IN THE MAKING OF REOS this year we are using—Mt better because they are not to be had——but the same quality of materials as former-b7. So that isn’t the reason for the lower pnce. COST OF MAKING IS, HOWEVER, somewhat less, thanks to the fact that in many ways we have been able to ma still higher degree of efficiency. . ONE BIG ITEM IN COST REDUCTION of these 0 models was the fact that both had passed the experimenthl, the uncertain stage. WHEN WE TELL YOU that, had we found it necessary to project a new model to take the place of either of these, We would have set aside a fund of at least $100,000 to defray the cost of the experiment—and would have doubled the amount had our plan been to supplant both—you will see where we have been able to place to the credit of Reo buyers for the coming year a fund of at least $200,000. ‘ . IT TAKES AT LEAST THREE YEARS to perfect any new automobile model. Anyway it takes that long to 5:: a car to the point of perfection where we are willing too it to Reo buyers and back it with the Rec guarantee. ANOTHER ITEM THAT HELPED tremendously was due fact that the tool cost on both these famous models had- long since been absorbed—charged elf—permanently disposed of. Rec Motor Car Cent: “Qwsfiqathxske-‘vus es -- - _ “.3 x: 1:- *- , - . PM " - , T"; W 4%“ f dels and The New RED Prices and When Your Astonishment Has Somewhat Abated, ion How These Prices were made Possible necessary xpense to _values to :uality pr has be in Jan mu Id count of it of , any r quality ing—not e quality 1 for the 3, thanks I {28' nose 0 imenthl, :ssary to hese, we :0 defray bled the will see 0 buyers any new E .2253 was fire had- long Josed or. THAT IS A BIG ITEM. You’d be surprised—unless you also are a manufacturer—to know how big. BUT ,PERHAPS THE MOST IMPORTANT factor in the reduction of manufacturing cost and at the same time the making of a better product, was to be found in Reo itself. NEVER SINCE THE DAY REO WAS incorporated has there been a single change in the personnel of the executive organization; THE SAME PRESIDENT presides who occupied the chair at the first meeting of Reo. THE SAME GENERAL MANAGER DIRECTS; the same engineer designs; the same expert handles the funds; the same purchasing agent buys; the same factory superintend- ent oversees; and finally, the same men direct the sales, who have handled these important departments since the first Reo was designed and made and sold. ALL WE'VE LEARNED WE’VE KEPT right in the Rec organization. AND IN THE FACTORY: Doyou know there are scores of men in the Rec factories today working on these latest Reo models who worked on the very first Reo? Hundreds who have been here six to ten years. SO THERE AGAIN WE CAN SAY “All we’ve learned we’ve kept.” Every man has become a specialist—is an expert—- at his particular task. CONTRAST THAT with the kaleidoscopic changes you’ve seen in this new industry—changes so frequent and so radical that today you can find no one to back up the guar- antee of the car you bought yesterday. WE WISH YOU COULD COME and visit us at the Rec fac- tory. Wish you could talk with Reo workmen—the rank and file as well as the directing heads. You’d know then the reasons for the superior quality of Recs. BUT REO DEALERS ARE RESPONSIBLE—the credit is theirs—for the biggest item. For. but for the unprecedented action and the hearty co-operation of hundreds of Reo Dis- tributors we could not have placed these cars in your hands at these prices. LIKE THE FACTORY ORGANIZATION the Reo Dealer Organization has been with us from the first. Many of the principal Reo dealers have sold Recs exclusively ever since the first Reo was made. WE TAKE THEM INTO OUR CONFIDENCE to a greater degree than 13 usual in this business. ~We have no secrets from them. THAT’S WHY REO DEALERS are so loyal—they know—- they do not guess, they know—that in Reo cars they give their customers more value than they can find elsewhere. WELL, THIS SEASON WE WERE CONFRON TED with a Egblem—price competition to an extent greater than ever OI‘C. OUR DEALERS INSISTED that, even though fortified with Reo quality and prestige, still they could not wholly ignore price competition. . WE CON TENDED that price did not matter; that it fooled no one—or at most only a small percentage of buyers and they not the most desirable. ' I . . .ompany, [min-g, Mich, U. S. A. WE SHOWED THEM that the cost of making Reos could not be materially lessened without reducing the quality—~and that our plan was to improve the quality wherever possible. WHY, WE REO FOLK wouldn’t want to be in business if we couldn‘t feel we could make better cars this year than last; next year than this! WE SET OUR OWN STANDARDS and will always ignore those of others—at least when they trend downward! BUT THEY PROTESTED that the average buyer saw only the price tag. That while he saw the reduction in price he did not notice the reduction in quality—in value. So they Wanted a competitive price on Reos as well as Reo quality in the product. THERE WAS ONLY ONE WAY it could be done-that was if the dealers would agree to handle Rec cars on a smaller margin of profit than is the rule with other cars. We told them that if they would agree to that, we could set a price on Reo cars that would create a genuine sensation. AND THEY AGREED! It is an unprecedented action. And that the hundreds of Reo Distributors assented to the plan was due to another unique condition—namely, the extremely low cost of selling and of giving service on Reo cars. A CANVASS SHOWED this remarkable fa ': That the average cost of the dealer’s guarantee on a Reo car—the cost of keeping it in perfect running order and its buyer thor— oughly satisfied was less than six dollars per car per year! JUST COMPARE THAT with the cost of maintaining some makes of cars. WHY, ONE OF OUR DEALERS who handled two other lines last sew—but who declares, most vehemently, he will handle Reos exclusively hereafter—tells us that the average cost to him per caron one of those lines was $60 and on the other $49—while Reo averaged in his case $4.75 per car per year! AND THAT WASN’T ALL. The factor that Reo Distribu- tors consider most important is the customer—satisfied or the reverse. For you must know that though that dealer spent $60 to keep a certain car running he still could not keep the man to whom he had sold that car satisfied—not even by taking it back and standing the full loss himself. HE COULD NOT REIMBURSE him in dollars for the delays, the disappointments and the aggravations he had sufi‘ered. SO REOS WILL BE SOLD in the future on a lesser margin from dealer to user (and factory margin has always been as close as was safe) than any other automobile in the same class or of higher price. AND YOU AS A REO BUYER get the full benefit. AND YOU GET MORE THAN THAT. You get more than a Reo at the unprecedented price. YOU RECEIVE AN ASSURANCE, a guarantee that cannot be over-estimated-—in the fact that Reo cars have proved so good—so abwlutely dependable—so economical in up- keep and operation—so wonderfully satisfying to their owners that those dealers feel they can handle them on that small margin. WE THINK WE HAVE PROVED TO YOU how and why, and therefore, that you do receive a higher percentage of value for your money when you buy a Reo than is possible hmosnaperhapsanyotherautomobile. . SPECIFICATIONS The New Boo Six—41250 M Base—d 26 inches. rlngs—J’ront—Semi-dlipac—SB ' ’ x 2’ with 8 leaves Rear—Canti- leverSOM":2%"with 8 leaves. Front Axle—I-beam, drop forged with Timber; roller bearing spindles. Rear Alle———Full floating, Timlren roller bearings at differential and at wheels—two universal joints in propeller shaft. Tires—~34" x 4%," front and rear- Non-ekid on rear. Motor—Vertical, six-cylinder, cast in threes, modified L type with inte- gral head, with inlet valve in head. Valve mechanically operated and protected. Cylinder Dimensiona~3~fg x 5%". Horsepower—45. Cooling System—Water jackets and tubular radiator, cellular pattern. Water circulation by centrifugal pump direct to exhaust valves. Lubrication—Automatic force feed by plunger pump with return sys- tern. CarburetOP-Automatic, heated by hot air and hot water. Ignition—Combined generator and magneto, driven through timing gears with 100 ampere hour storage battery. Starter—Electric, separate unit, con. nected to transmission. Transmiuion——Selective swinging type with single rod, center control. Clutch—Multiple dry disc,faced with asbestos, positive instant release. Brakes—Two on each rear wheel, one internal, one external, 14” diameter drums—service brake intercon- nected with clutch pedal. Steering-Gear and sector with 18"» steering wheel. Control~Left-hand drive, center control—spark and throttle on steering wheelwith foot accelerator. Positive—~Thicf-proof locking device. Fenders—Drawn sheet steel of latest oval type—shield between running boards and bodywclose fitting. quick detachable under pan—alum- inum bound, linoleum covered running boards. Gasoline Capacity—l8 gallons.Tank in rear with Stewart Vacuum Sys- tem supply. Body‘—Seven-passenger—-“Sheer- line” touring car type with extra wide full “U” doors front and rear. Genuine No. 1 hand- buffed , enameled finished leather upholster- ing. Deep cushions and backs. Finish—Body, Golden Olive—rum ning gear, black—equipment nickel trim‘ med. Equipment—Fully electric lighted throughout; improved S-bow, one- man, mohair top with full side cur~ tains; mohair slip cover; clear-vision , rain-vision, ventilating windshield, speedometer; electric horn; brack- ets; power tire pump ; jack; complete 3‘91“. and tire outfit; foot and robe Price—filasmf. o. b. Lansing, Mich. mm ,w'a'fitwwuuil \ \ a-” .. ? .-_, ”q - monarchies of Europe. 2187-18 ATHE MICHIGAN FARMER SEPT. 11, 1915. '1 Organized Agriculture In Little Switzerland By WM. B. HATCH, Member of American Commission Americans more because of the democracy which has been achieved by this little group of Can- tons up in the Alps overlooking the There are sur- prises in Switzerland, then, perhaps because she has not preceded the monarchical countries in the develop- ment of co-operative agriculture. Sim- ilarly surprises awaited the Commis- SWITZERLAND probably interests p. sion in Russia to find in this accred— lars. It loans on endorsed paper at four and one-half to four and three- fourths per cent. It also loans to communities and to societies for the purpose of building churches, school- houses, streets, bridges, irrigation and water works, electric works, etc. These loans are made on amortization plan, making them payable. within twenty- The Substantial Home of a Prosperous Swiss Farmer. ited ultra-monarchical atmosphere a much larger development of co-opera- tive agriculture than was expected. Switzerland is but little more than one-fourth as large as Michigan, yet she has fifty per cent more popula- tion. The per capita intelligence in Switzerland is naturally high as might be expected. She has five uni- versities. In considering her accom- plishments we need to bear in mind that we are studying a little country which could probably be stowed away in the lower peninsula below the thumb. We need to remember, too, that this comparatively small area is largely mountainous. I was surprised throughout our trav- els on the continent to find how much more prominent the Simenthal breed of Swiss dairy cattle was than the Brown Swiss which is the usually seen representative of Swiss dairy cat- tle in America. Simenthal sires could be seen all over Europe and the ef- fect of using such sires on the grade stock. The representative grade Si- menthal cow shown in this cut was snapped in Russia. It better illus- trates the breed than any obtained in their native country. They are large and this, no doubt, is one of the chief reasons why they are popular in Eu- rope. Because the European farmer uses both the bull and the cow as beasts of burden. . A look at Switzerland justifies the reputation of the Swiss for thrift and enterprise. The snap shot of a Swiss farm home shown here is not uncom- mon. The snap of the barn does not show up quite so well. It suggests that proper ventilation is sacrificed to Swiss architecture. The manure pit, however, is provided so that the fertility may be conserved rather than let to run down the obvious steep grade of the hillside. Finance. Aside from the usual type of Raif- feisen banks which obtain in Switzer- land and to a considerable extent, the separate Canton governments encour- age Canton banks as government in- stitutions. There are twenty-three of these in Switzerland. The capital is furnished either from the government treasury or from the issue of bonds. The Zurich Canton Bank, established in 1870, now has a paid-up capital through the issue of Canton bonds ag- gregating six million dollars. The bank pays the bondholders four per cent and also the Canton for any cap- ital it supplies from the treasury. It also has a reserve fund now of prac- tically two and one-half million dol- five years at the utmost. and the rate is four and one-half per cent. It had invested in this class of loans about three and one-half million dollars. This bank has eleven branches and fifteen agencies. The rate of interest prevailing is lower than that of the private banks. There are also mortgage banks and savings banks. The deposits in the are eight hundred and fifty societies organized for commercial and econom- ic purposes. The purchasers and con- sumers' co-operative societies are the most important. There are six hun- dred of these. These are federated into ten federations and the best of understanding exists between them. The largest number of co—operative societies engaged in any one industry is naturally that of dairying. There are some three thousand societies én- gaged in manufacturing of Emmen‘ thaler cheese. There are one thou- sand four hundred breeders’ associa- tions. There are one hundred sixty co—operative credit societies with one hundred thousand members. There are one hundred forty fruit and vine- yard societies. There are also co-op‘ erative societies for threshing and lately there is a remarkable activity in the organization of co-operative milling and baking societies. Wholesale and Provision Supply Society. These societies are co-operative or- ganizations comprising the retail or distributing co-operative organizations in a given district, for example, the union of agricultural associations for eastern Switzerland includes one hun— dred eighty associations divided among nine Cantons. The separate Cantons usually have an association. These Canton societies usually do business in fertilizers, seeds and agricultural implements. Besides this they make a specialty of supplying the farmers with the necessary produce for the A Grade Swiss Simenthal Cow of Good Type. savings banks aggregate three hun- dred million dollars. The Raiffeisen banks here as else- where are popular with the small bor- rower. He can get the money he needs promptly because he is known and his neighbors vouch for him. The op- erations of the bank are confined to a comparatively small area. There are one hundred and fifty-seven of these banks which are federated and have central bureaus which act as clearing houses. Agricultural Co-operative Societies. If you should draw a line from Sagi- naw across the state to Lake Michi. gan and then report that within that part of Michigan below that line, there were six thousand five hundred agri- cultural co-operative societies, people would certainly consider that south- ern Michigan was organized agricul- turally. There are about six thousand five hundred agricultural co-operative societies in Switzerland. These have grown up in the main during the sec- ond half of the nineteenth century. This number does not include “two hundred twenty-three Alpine co-opera- tive societies which date their exist- ence‘from ancient times.” The larger group, of course, includes societies for agricultural education, but there family use or consumption. The “Un- ion of Eastern Switzerland” has found out that the farmer spends an amount equal to seventy-five per cent of his income on necessities, whereas he only spends twenty-five per cent for the equipment of the farm. That is, the farmer is a greater buyer on the mar- ket of food supplies than for the ma- terial which he needs for exercising his profession. These Unions run against a great deal of trouble from the commercial people because they furnish the farmers with supplies di- rect; whereas in former times the farmers had to deal with different dealers and had to pay higher prices. The farmers with their products were forced to join in the world’s market, that, of course, means that they must sell their produce at the best possible rate in order to compete in the world’s market with other farmers. “There are now two hundred and eighty permanent shops where the farmer gets his supplies at very reas- onable prices and they are under the control of the Eastern Switzerland so- cities. The Union of Eastern Swit- zerland has existed for seventy~five years. It holds property amounting to three million dollars. The value of the- stock in warehouses amounts to six hundred thousand dollars. The turn- over of business for the year preced- ing the visit of the American Commis- sion amounted to approximately two million dollars. Over three hundred twenty thousand dollars was repaid in rebate from the last year’s business to the societies of which the union is composed. This two million dollars represents the wholesale business be- tween the union and its societies. Thirty per cent of the profit goes to a reserve fund but the balance of the profit is returned to the purchasers in rebate. These cooperative wholesale asso- ciations not only import large quanti- ties of goods but also serve as a mar- ket for things produced by their mem- bers. “The society has been a tre- mendous boon to the farmers of the Eastern Canton. To take a striking illustration the prices of commercial fertilizers have been reduced fifty-six per cent. The benefits to all of the small farmers have been even greater than these figures indicate. The co- operative stores have become the price makers in the Eastern Cantons. It is estimated that from ninety to ninety-five per cent of the Swiss farmv ers own the land which they cultivate. Somewhat more than half of these land owners live in rural villages while the others dwell in separate farm homes surrounded by their holdings. The American is surprised to find in Switzerland as in most European countries that the same roof will cov- er both the home of the farmer and that of his stock, machinery and feed- stuffs. Of course, there is no opening or connection between the farmer’s home and the stable. A large com- modious brick dwellinggwithr perhaps an attractive tile ,roOf, with’green blinds, with plenty,,of fioWers and shrubbery provided in front Will be extended back and the other‘end be- yond the garden andfront yard fence will be the barn and stable. .So clean and neat are the farm animals and the stables and yards and buildings kept as a rule, even an American does not find occasion to criticize. The Swiss thrift if once established here would revolutionize American agriculture. Swiss Barn with Concrete Manure Pit in Foreground. SEPT. 11, 1915. THE MICHIGAN FARMER Wman and H?fi€€dd’ ( At Home and Eloewi') ere & Twentieth Century Philosophy S an illustration of the difference between the philosophy of 1915 and that of 1895, the following gleaming from a criticism of “The White Sister,” as it appeared to a De- troit newspaper man is respectfully submitted: ."There are people for whom this play has an appeal. There are others for whom it has none, but who appre- ciate good acting to such an extent that they will be pleased in spite of the vehicle. But to many the philoso- phy of the play is medieval. It might as well be a dramatization of the old argument as to whether angels find it necessary to use toothpicks. A twen- tieth-century people, interested in effi- ciency methods and Tiger victories and motor boats, is resolved to “take the cash and let the credit 0," and looks no longer on this good 0 (1 world as a vale of tears to be passe through with as much suffering as possible so that the next world may be a debauch' of self—indulgence last- ing forever and ever.” The modern attitude toward life may have been more aptly put else- where, but it hasn’t happened to come to my notice. Down with principles, away with ideals if they in- terfere with pleasure. Give us our good time now, for it’s the only time we are sure of. Such is the attitude of the present generation, or at least the major portion of it. It's a good thing, of course, to live in the present. Today is the only time we are sure of, when all has been said and done. As the popular song puts it, “Why Worry About the Future? Tomorrow Never Comes.” So that living in the present is really the only sane way to live. We can’t mend yesterday and we may not have tomorrow, so let’s make the most of today. But is the modern way of liv- ing the way to make the “most” of life? Is snatching all the pleasures we can, irrespective of the other fel- low, the real way to get the most for ourselves? As a people we havebeen growing more and more prosperous in the last two decades, and hand in hand with our prosperity there has been a pro- portionate growth 'of selfishness. As we have grown better able to help the unfortunate, most of us have grown less willing, and some have even de- nied that they had a duty in that di- rection. “Charity always weakens the recipient,” has become a favorite mot- to with the crowd, and the average in- dividual has seen to it that he did nothing to weaken his impoverished brother. 4 The great god Pleasure has become the god of the average American. If we can do good without interfering with our own good times we will do it. But let no one expect us to sacri- fice any of our good times for the sake of the helpless. ous times we all need relaxation if we are to keep up with the procession, and the average American sees to it that he “relaxes” often enough to avoid breaking down'with the strain of overwork. Instead of “each consid- ering first the other,” we affirm that “self-pretlervation is the first law of nature,” and we see to it that we are taken care of first. ' As *0 dying for a principle, as F. Marian Crawford’s heroine was ready to do, the thing is quite too absurd to be considered. Principles should be so pliable as to fit any situation, and if they are not, why then Chuck them. In these strenu- , It is out of the question to expect any- one to keep a promise, if that promise is going to inconvenience the one who who made it. Family loyalty even, a thing as old as the human race, is thrown into the discard. The individual is the one thing to be considered in the new phil- osophy. Unfortunate relations have no claim on the more prosperous mem- bers of their family. No matter if their poverty has come because they assumed the burdens of others. They should haVe known enough to look out for number one ,and if sickness or old age finds them unprepared they need not expect the ones who were prudent to provide for them. The (1 first duty of man is to look out for himself, and let the rest of the world go hang. Such is our twentieth century idea of life. It’s a fine rule for the young and strong. The old and the weak might not agree to it, if anyone both- ered to listen to what they had to say. DEBORAH. LINOLEUM As A FLOOR covsn. f me. BY ELLA E. ROCKWOOD. For a kitchen floor nothing could be more satisfactory in every way than a good grade of linoleum. Having had ample experience with it I am prepar- ed to give my unqualified approval. It is sanitary, durable, easily kept clean, and attractive. There are, however, a few requirements which must be ob- served in its selection and use. First of all in buying linoleum it always pays to get the best quality. When one considers that a good inlaid pattern will wear almost indefinitely, while the printed article, even the best of its kind, will sooner or later wear off and leave the foundation ex- posed, the difference in price does not appear so great as at first imagined. In the end the higher priced grade is the cheapest. In order fully to under- stand the merits of the have, inlaid and printed, they should be examined side by side. 3% *3 Cheap linoleum possesses small val- ue and .is not worth putting down, while a good grade in the ordinary kitchen will wear for years and look like new. The term, “years” is indefinite, but if given a coat of floor varnish once or twice in the course of a 12-month and not subjected to the action of hot sOap suds, there is no reason why it will not almost eQual the inlaid in en- durance. On the other hand, if soak- ed with soap and hot water and not kept varnished it may wear the colors off in places most exposed in one year. All depends on the care which has been given it. Linoleum should always be washed in tepid water, using soap sparingly, and immediately wiped dry. It should preferably be laid in hot weather as it is then more pliable and hugs the floor more closely. It must not bind at the edges but lie loose and per— fectly flat else it will bulge in places and sooner wear out. It usually stretches a trifle after using and it is safe to allow for this. The edges should be covered after a' time with a molding to keep out dirt and dust next the base. In selecting a pattern let it harmon- ize with the other colors of the room, avoiding gaudy patterns. An inlaid wood pattern is good, or other formal or geometric designs. Solid colors show “tracks” more easily than those which are blended and neither ex- treme of light or dark is best. For a bath room linoleum is the ideal floor covering. Here the tile patterns are excellent, following out the color scheme with white, blue, gray or green. Linoleum should be laid by a pro- fessional where there are Openings to be made for registers, pipes, etc., as the novice is pretty certain to make a bungling job. Since it comes in dif- ferent widths up to 12 feet it can be laid in the average kitchen without a seam. This is advisable since it is at that point, if one is present, that wear first shows owing to the admission of water in cleaning. Light, washable rugs placed in front of stove and table are desirable. For this purpose pieces of old rag carpetings are excellent. Michigan Laws for Women HILE by no mean the first state in the Union in its laws pro- viding for the. comfort and well being of women and children, Michi- gan has not been lax in such legislat- ing. Women factory inspectors are provided for, and there is a law on the statute books requiring that seats must be provided for women employes inv“stores, shops, offices and manufac- tories,” and that no arbitrary rules be made regarding their reasonable use. In cities where police court is held, a woman under arrest must be con- fined only in a station where there is a woman matron, and in a department separate from that of the men. When women are arraigned in the criminal courts the matron must be present. No woman can be arrested and impris- oned on any execution issued by a justice 'of the peace, that is in any civil suit, except for a violation of the liquor law. Stringent liquor laws protecting women are in force. No woman or girl can be employed as a barkeeper or to serve liquor, nor can they fur- nish music or other entertainment in any place where any “spirituous, in- toxicating, malt, brewed or fermented liquor” is sold. Furthermore, no wom- an can take out a liquor license. Michigan women do not need to listen to bad language if they chose to make complaint. A law provides that “no indecent, immoral, obscene, vulgar or insulting language” shall be used before any woman or child. Of- fenders may be haled into court and fined not to exceed $100 or imprison- ed not more than 90 days. Widows of soldiers and sailors who served three months or more in the Federal army may be relieved from the payment of taxes on real estate used as a homestead, provided the property is not worth more than $1,200. Certain steps prescribed by law must be taken to secure such exemption. WidOws of honorably discharged sol- diers and sailors who die without leav- ing means suflicient for their support shall be given a fitting burial at pub- lic expense. No woman or girl may be required to work in any “factory, store, shop or establishment," for more than nine hours a day, or 54 hours a week, or more than 10 hours in any one day ex- cept in preserving perishable fruits and vegetables in canning establish- ments. No girl under 18 years shall work between the hours of 6:00 p. m. and 6:00 a. m. in any manufacturing establishment, and no child under 14 years of age shall be employed. Women are prohibited from operat- :ing emery wheels and buffing wheels. DEBORAH. SOMETHING ICY. If the family begins to tire of ice tea while the weather is still warm follow the suggestion of Miss Oberlin of Colorado Agricultural College and serve tea punch or chocolate cream nectar occasionally. For tea punch use six teaspoonfuls of tea; two quarts of boiling water: two quarts ice water; six lemons; one cup cracked ice; two and one—half cups of sugar. Prepare tea with one quart of the boiling water. Prepare syrup with one quart of boiling water, the sugar, and the grated yellow rind of two lem- ons boiled for five minutes. Cool the tea and the syrup and when ready to. serve mix the juice of six lemons, the tea, syrup, ice water and cracked ice. If the flavor of cloves is liked six whole cloves may be added to the tea- To make chocolate cream nectar use two squares of chocolate; half a cup of hot coffee; one teaspoonful of vanilla; one and one-half cups sugar; three cups water. Whipped cream. Melt the chocolate in the coffee, add the sugar and water and boil for five minutes. There should be one quart of the liquid. Chill, add the vanilla. pour into-glasses in which you have placed one tablespoonful of whipped cream. SHORT CUTS TO HOUSEKEEPING. In many illoplanned houses there are not half enough clothes presses. In such houses one corner of a bedroom may be fixed to answer the purpose. Make a large shelf to fit in the corner of the room. Around the wall, under the shelf, put strong books or nails. Two or three clothes hangers may be suspended from each. If the shelf is quite large and strong some small books may be placed on the under side of that on which light weight gar— ments, such as children’s clothing, etc., may be hung. Fix a curtain on the shelf and you will have a neat looking corner clothes press—Mrs. E. S. T. Sometimes it is difficult to obtain ice so this method of keeping butter may prove convenient in cases of an emergency. If the butter is not too soft. roll it in a napkin, and immerse it in flour. If it is melted put it in a bucket, put on the lid, and set in the flour, always being careful to keep it entirely covered with the flour. This is a mode practiced in places remote from civilization where ice can not be had at any price—Mrs. J. D. l l 220—20 E are accused of being a waste- ful people. Each year our gardens and orchards produce a $500,000,000 crop of fruits and vege- tables. And each year we allow half of this crop, or $250,000,000, to go to waste. Michigan is one of the states that suffers from this enormous loss of food products. Last fall there were apples rotting on the ground‘ all over the state. A few months later there was want and hunger in all of our great cities. What are the reasons for this ruin- ous process? There are probably three fundamental causes for our prodigal habits of allowing our surplus crops to rot on the ground where they are grown. In the first place our methods of distribution "of food products are awkward and cumbersome. Michigan produces as finely-flavored apples as grow anywhere and yet we pay exor- bitant prices for western-grown ap- ples on all of the fruit stands of our state. Our system of distribution is such that it works to the disadvan- tage of both the producer and the con- sumer; but this is not the place for a discussion of the distribution problem. The second cause of wastefulness comes about because of poor prices at marketing time. When there is a good crop of any particular commodity the market is flooded with that pro- THE MICHIGAN FARMER Saving the Wastes of Garden and Orchard How the Girls’ Canning Clubs are Teaching How to Make the Surplus Profitable keep their natural color and flavor. And more than this, it means that by using this method any fruit, vegetable or green that grows may be canned successfully. Those who are interest- ed in the health of the family will at once grasp the significance of this last statement. When cold weather comes on we naturally stop doing most. of the hard, out-of—door work; at the same time we stop eating fresh fruits and vegetables. And about the same time the patent medicine advertiser maks his appeal to us because he knows that such an abnormal condi- tion is sure to produce an unhealthy body; This is perhaps the reason why over eighty per cent of all patent med- icines manufactured are sold to peo- ple who live in the country. A bal- anced ration which will provide fruits and vegetables throughout the year will do away with a large part of the patent medicine evil. In order to use the cold-pack meth- od of canning the following operations must be observed: 1. All products to be canned should be graded for size, degree of ripeness, etc., etc. 2. All fruits (with the exception of the soft fruits—group 1) and all veg- 1. Water-bath. 2. Water-seal. duct and consequently the price drops. If producers were in possession of means for conserving a portion of their crop for future demands this difi‘lculty could in part be overcome. And this suggests the third cause of, wastefulness, namely the lack of con- servation methods on the part of the producers. It is at this point that the girls' canning clubs are offering a very promising solution. They are taught to sell fresh fruits and vegetables only so long as the market is reasonably good. When the market drops below the profitable point they are urged to begin canning their surplus products for sale during the wintermonths. There are at least three sound reasons . for canning. First, it saves thewaste or the surplus. Second, it provides a better ration for the family through- out the year. Third, it provides a ' source of income to the farm. The real purpose of this article is not to .merely urge that more canning be done in the homes, but to describe how it may be done successfully. The old open-kettle method of canning is unsuited for conserving whole fruits and vegetables for market. With this method it is necessary to cook the product to pieces, and in so doing the flavor and the color is destroyed. In addition, this method has not been successful with some fruits and with many vegetables. The new method of canning which is being used by the canning club girls is called cold-pack canning. This means that the fruits and vegetables are packed in the jars while they are cold and are then processed or ren- dered sterile. This means that fruits and vegetables may be canned whole; they may be canned so that they will I v. _.r «n -. ‘ 2‘ Nd ' 1. 3. Steam Pressure. '4. Pressure Cooker. etables should be blanched before packing in jars. Blanching means dip- ping in boiling hot water for a cer- tain length of time, depending upon the product, and then plunging quick- ly into cold water.- Blanching has several very beneficial effects. It firms the texture so- that fruits and vegeta- bles may be canned whole; it fixes the coloring matter, it removes. the objectionable acids which form the base for .spore or bacterial growth. There are additional effects blanching, such as loosening skins, but the three mentioned above are the most essential. ' All fruits and vegetables, with the exceptions noted above, should be blanched in boiling water. Greens should never be blanched directly in the water. This saves the volatile oils and mineral salts. Persons attempt- ing to use this method of canning should give due attention to blanching because proper blanching is just as important as proper sterilization. Al- ways be sure that the water used is boiling. That means that it should be 212 degrees F.. or it must be actually jumping in the kettle. An ordlnary wire basket makes the most useful utensil for blanching, although it can be done just as successfully by wrap- ping the fruits or vegetables in cheese- cloth. 3. After the products have been blanched and, in some cases before; they should be stemmed, hulled, de- cayed parts should be removed, in some cases skins should be removed, and in other ways the produCts should be so prepared that they will make a good appearance when canned. , 4.‘ After the products havebeen prepared they may be packed directly into jars or cans. Hot syrups‘ are then 1 from . poured over all fruits; hot water over all vegetables and to each quart can of vegetables one teaspoonful of salt is added. The rubbers are then placed in position and the jars are partially sealed. This means that Mason jars are to be sealed just tightly enough to allow the escape of the expanded air. Usually the covers are screwed tight- ly and then unscrewed one quarter turn. Easy Seal or Sure Seal types of jars should be left with the bale up. Economy types of jars may be sealed completely. The jars are now ready to be sterilized or processed. - 5. Sterilization or processing is done usually in one of the four dis- tinct types of canners or containers. Type No. 1. Hot Water Bath Outfit. In the hot water bath outfits the jars are completely immersed in wa- ter. The jars are placed in the con- tainer and rest on a false bottom which should keep the jars at least one inch from the bottom. Water is then'addedlto cover the jars and ex- tend about one or two inches above the tops. The water is then brought to a boiling temperature. The opera- tor begins to make time when he or she is absolutely sure that the water is at boiling temperature. The jars are left in this temperature for the re- quired length of time. They are then removed from the canner, the covers are tightened and the jars are placed away for future consumption. The hot water bath outfit is the one which is generally‘ used by beginners. Home- made outfits may be constructed out of wash boilers, new garbage pails, large lard pails, or any container which can be fitted with a false bot- tom and has a fairly tight-fitting cover. Type No. 2. Water Seal Outfit. The water-seal outfit differs from the water-bath in that the jars do not come in contact with the water. The water is sealed on the outside of the bucket which holds the jars. With this type of outfit it is easier to se- cure the required temperature and canning work may be done with less time and consequently less fuel and cost. .Type No. 3. Steam Pressure Outfit. The steam pressure outfits are built' stronger and are capable of holding from five to ten pounds of steam pres- sure. still more in time and fuel. Type No. 4. are made of aluminum and are capa- ble of holding from five to twenty-five pounds of steam pressure and conse- quently save still more in time and fuel. - There are numerous makes of these types on the‘market a'nd‘the outfits vary in price from 'six to fifteen dol- lars. Larger commercial or commu- nity canning outfits will, of course, cost more. ' By following the directions given in the table on this page any housewife or girl should be able to can success- fully all of the products of the home gardener or orchard. Perhaps the following additional suggestions will be of help:- 1. Learn to use the cold-pack proc- ess by canning but One product at a ' time. 2. Follow one set of recipes; don’t try to use the recipes which come with your canner and those given by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Follow one set. , 3. Never begin taking time withtthe water-bath outfit until you are sure the water is boiling. 4.. When canning apples sliced, puts a small amount of salt in the cold Wa- lter into which they are slicedu This will prevent tarnishing. ' This makes it possible to save , Pressure Cooker Outfit. The pressure cooker outfit outfits SEPT.11, 1915. ' 1 Provide a cool storeroom for your canned products. 6. Develop a personal market for your canned goods. 7. Syrups of various densities may be judged as follows: Thin syrup is transparent, not sticky; medium thin syrup is sticky to the fingers; medi- um thick syrup begins to ball up on spoon; spoon. For all syrups in Michigan use three parts-by measure of water to two parts of sugar and boil to the desired den- sity. 8. Buy the best can rubbers you can get. 9. Never try to use rubbers the second year. 10. Watch your screw-tops closely. If they have been bent at the sealing surface do not attempt to use them. 11. Follow directions accurately. Canning Directions for the Cold Pack Method.—Fruits. Group 1 consists of soft fruits, such as strawberries, blackberries, dewber- ries, sweet cherries, blueberries, apri- cots and peaches. In preparing the fruit for canning, it should be graded, culled, rinsed, stemmed and seeded, after which pack in jars and add a thin syrup. The jars should be par- tially sealed. The time forprocessing or sterilizing by the different methods is as follows: Water—bath 16 minutes; water-seal 10 minutes; steam pres- sure eight minutes at a five—pound pressure, and pressure cooker five minutes at a 10-pound pressure. Group 2 includes all sour berry fruits, such as currants, gooseberries, cranberries and sour cherries. The fruit should be stemmed, hulled and cleaned and then blanched in boiling water for one minute, after which it should be dipped in cold water. Pack closely in the jar and add a medium thin syrup. The jars should be par— tially sealed. The time for processing or sterilizing for the various methods of canning is as follows: Water-bath 16 minutes; water-seal ‘12 minutes; steam pressure 10 minutes at a five- pound pressure; pressure cooker five minutes at 15-pound pressure. Group 3 consists of the hard fruits, such as apples, pears, quinces, etc. After grading blanch in boiling water for one and _ a [half minutes, after 'A Washboiler fitted with either Metal or Wooden False Bottom, makes an Excellent Water-bath Outfit. which core, and remove the skins if necessary. Pack With a thin syrup in jars which should be partially sealed. Processing or sterilizing requires the following time under the various meth- ods of canning: Water-bath 20 min- utes; water—seal 12 minutes; steam pressure eight minutes at five-pound pressure; pressure cooker six minutes at 15-pound pressure. Group 4 includes oranges and other citrus fruits, either whole or sliced. Only sound fruit should be used and the skin and white fibre removed. Blanch in boiling water for oneand a half minute,.and then dip in cold wa- ter. After packing add a thin syrup and partially seal jars. The time for proces'sing'br sterilizing is as follows: Water-bath 12 minutes; water-seal eight minutes; steam pressure six minutes at five-pound pressure; pres- sure cooker four minutes at 15-pound < pressure. - Vegetables. Group 1 includes such. greens as “wt r» u ......... . a l. x .1 thick syrup rolls on edge of —_1-__ a; —_-_— SEPT. 11, 1915. spinach, beet tops, asparagus, endive, dandelion and all wild and cultivated greens. After a sorting and cleaning steam for 15 to 20 minutes and then dip in cold water. Cut in convenient lengths, pack tight in the jars and fill with hot water to which salt has been added at the rate of a level tea- spoonful to a quart. The time for processing or sterilizing is as follows: Watersbath 90 minutes; water-seal 60 minutes; steam pressure 50 minutes at’five-pound pressure; pressure cook- er 25 minutes at 15-pound pressure. Group 2 includes root and tuber vegetables, such as carrots, beets, tur- nips and sweet potatoes. After grad- ing and washing, scald in boiling wa- ter sufficiently to loosen the skins; after scalding plunge in cold water. Remove the skin, pack Whole or slic- ed in the jars and add boiling water salted to the proportions of one tea- spoonful to the quart and partially seal in the jars. Time for processing or sterilizing is as follows: Water- bath 90 minutes; water-seal 60 min- utes; steam pressure 50 minutes, at a five-pound pressure; pressure cooker 25 minutes at 15-pound pressure. Group 3 consists of all kinds of to- matoes. They should be graded, scald- ed in boiling water to loosen the skin and then plunged into cold water. Af- ter coring and skinning, pack whole and fill jar with pulp juice.' Add salt at the rate of one teaspoonful to a quart. Partially seal. Time for proc- essing or sterilizing is as follows: Water-bath 22 minutes; water-seal 18 minutes; steam pressure 15 minutes at five-pound pressure; pressure cook- er 10 minutes at 20-pound pressure. Group 4 consists of sweet corn on, or off the cob. After grading, blanch on the cob in boiling water for five to 15 minutes, then plunge in cold water. Boiling water should be poured over it after it is packed in the jars. Add two teaspoonfuls of salt to each half- gallon. Partially seal. Corn should be canned the same day it is picked. Time for processing or sterilizing is as follows: Water-bath 180 minutes; water-seal 90 minutes; steam pressure 60 minutes at five-pound pressure; pressure cooker 35 minutes at 20- pound pressure. Group 5 includes lima beans, peas, string beans, okra, etc. After culling, grading and stringing, blanch in boil- ing water for two to five minutes (more for peas), then plunge in cold water, pack in jars and add one tea- spoon of salt to the quart. Partially seal. Time for processing and ster- ilizing is as follows: Water-bath 120 minutes; water—seal 90 minutes; pound pressure; pressure cooker 4O steam pressure 60 minutes at five minutes at 20-pound pressure. Group 6 includes pumpkin and squash. After cutting into conven- ient sections, remove skin and core, cook 30 minutes to reduce pulp, pack in jars and add one cup of sugar and one teaspoon of salt to each quart of pulp. Partially seal. Time for proc- essing or sterilizing is as follows: Water-bath 60 minutes; water-seal 50 minutes; steam pressure 40 minutes at five—pound pressure; pressure cook- er 10 minutes at 20-pound pressure. ROSES. ~ BY CHARLOTTE BIRD. ' If the question be asked, “When may I plant a rose garden?” except in winter at almost any time in the year, the answer may be, “Now.” If treated right, roses set almost any time be- fore frost will grow and flourish. In the cold states, though, the early spring months are not good; Whatever the latitude, soil is the first consideration. It should be culti- vated and turned and returned till it is very mellow. A hole for min plant should be dug a {foot or more deep and filled in withwell—pulva'ized cow dressing, whichissaldto bethebest for. roses, and then return the «earth and set the plants. Evenxin mid-sum- THE MICHIGAN FARMER mer roses may -be set. But every leaf and bud must be nipped off, leaving nothing but the bare stalks. Give plenty of water and the stalks will not long remain bare. They will even bloom the first season. Though the best time to transplant roses is about May 1, the Prairie, Rambler, June and other hardy roses may be successfully transplanted late in the fall in the northern states, pro- vided the soil is in good condition and well pressed down about the roots and some protection given, such as coal ashes, stable litter, or leaves. It the tops are ever injured by frost, they should be cut back in the spring. As soon as the severe frosts are past in the spring the stable litter or de- cayed leaves should be removed. But the coal ashes should be dug in about the roots to sweeten the soil. One should have a large rose gar- den if possible, that is, about 60 or 70 roses. But for a beginning six or sev- en will do. The roses should be plant- ed where tliey will have full exposure to the sun. If they have only partial shade, they cannot do as well. ' For a shade to a porch or a screen to an old building, there is no finer vine than the various kinds of ram- blers. And in June they make an ap- pearance to delight the most beauty- loving heart. And the culture is alto- gether simple. In northern climates, they should be partially protected throughout the severe months. Besides the climbers we have the hybrid perpetual roses, the hybrid teas and the tea or monthly rose. The monthly roses are only half hardy and therefore are liable to be winter-killed when the temperature approaches A. WISH. BY L. M. THORNTON. What shall be my prayer for thee, Baby mine? That the world be fair for thee, Ba ahy mine? That life’s pathway for thy feet Be forever soft and sweet Ease and calm with joy replete? Baby mine. Nay, a better prayer for thee, a y mine. Strength life’s woes to bear, for thee, Baby mine. Eager feet that fear no hill, Earnest heart to meet each ill, Courage, faith and steadfast will, Baby mine. zero. So they have to be protected. The best way to do this is to bend the stalks down and fasten them securely to the ground by stakes driven into the earth and then covering with dry leaves or rough litter to a depth of six inches. Never use manure; it is too hot and may contain dangerous fungi. But this should not be done till cold weather sets in so that nearly all the leaves are off the plants and the wood thoroughly ripened, which in the northern states is about Thanks- giving time. The coal ashes around the roots also will do no harm. Care must be taken not to remove the cov- ering too soon. It should be kept on till all danger of heavy frost is past, say, sometime in April. Especially, in dry, hot weather the roses should be cultivated, not only to keep the weeds down, but to keep the soil mellow and help it to retain the moisture better than it could if allow- ed to bake into a hard crust. Then it develops the young roots close to the surface. But one has to be careful not to hoe too deeply or these young roots may be injured. One should be careful also to cut off all flowers which are past their prime. This saves the appearance of the stalk and also preserves the strength which would otherwise go to form new seed pods. Thus all the strength goes to form the new growth and increase the number of flowers. Atcertain imesallrosesshouldbe pruned, but the times depend on the varieties. The object of pruning is to keep the stalk within bounds and by removingthe deadwood to- promote the healthy growth of the flowering wood. Also the dead wood is likely to become a harboring place for in- sects and various diseases. The bush varieties of roses are summer or au~ tumn flowering and the flower buds are formed on new wood grown the same year. These, therefore, are to be pruned while they are dormant in the fall or winter. But the climbing varieties, which are spring flowering, have already the preceding year form- ed their fiowering buds. So they must be pruned only just after they have finished blooming, else the flower buds would be removed and the following spring there would be no blooms. Roses make a very acceptable hedge also. The ground for this purpose should be thoroughly prepared in the spring and then planted with the hardier hybrid perpetual bloomers, such as Paul Neyron, John Hopper and General Jacqueminot. They should be spaced about a foot apart and set in about six inches to promote a low, bushy growth. Cultivate well and as hot weather comes on mulch with a layer of good stable manure which later in the season can be well work— ed into the soil. These should be trimmed the same as other roses and the faded flowers removed. Many of these will bud and along towards fall bear blossoms. A hedge may be made also of the rambler rose, trained over a trellis provided for their support. But such a rose hedge will bear only the regular summer crop of flowers. Also roses may be successfully grown in the house. One must begin the year before by getting young plants of such kinds as Hermosa, Bur- bank, Clotilde Soupert and Caroline Kuster, which can be depended on for winter blooming. Put them into three- inch pots and shift as they grow. Make the plants bushy by pinching off the buds and the tops. In summer keep the pots plunged in a cool place and well watered. Remove to the house before frost and at first avoid direct sunshine; afterwards put in full sunlight. Place chopped tobacco stems around the roots to keep off in~ sects and sprinkle every week to re- move dust. The air should be kept moist by the evaporation of water placed in an open pan over the regis ter or radiator or stove. The atmos- phere should not fall below 50 degrees at night nor above 70 in the daytime. From time to time use some fertilizer. If one knows how, it is easy to propagate roses. At any season one may bend down a stalk, fasten into place, and cover a part with earth. In two or three months there will be roots to the covered part and it can be separated from the parent stem. Or in July or August, the height of the growing season, they may be prop- agated from slips. From the hard- wood or medium new wood break off by a quick downward movement, thus getting a heel, or ball-like end. Place two or three inches deep in wet sand and turn a glass fruit jar over it. The » sand must not be allowed to get dry. Keep in a sunny place and in two. months it will be nicely rooted. Then :- transplant into pots till the roots are.- well ripened. All roses must be sprayed early in the spring because they have many and busy enemies. spray with a solution of tobacco, or, after first wetting to make it adhere, . sprinkle with tobacco dust. is also a fine fertilizer. Tobacco solved in eight gallons of water, or Paris green, one ounce to ten gallons of water. For rose bug, a difficult en- emy, pick ofl or knock off early in the morning on a sheet. For mildew sprinkle with flowers of sulphur or spray with Bordeaux mixture, one pint to six or eight gallons of water. Avoid roses Household Editor: —Will someone give me a recipe for sweet cucumber Bole-did pickles, suCh as you buy in bulk at the store?f-:Mrs. L. B. F. ' ' For green fly- For rose slug . apply whale oil soap, one pound d-is- , inclined to mildew. . 21-221 Don’t, Smother Your Fire by Putting Soil Coal on Top ol it Use the “Underfeed” method and save one-quarter of your ma. Renown ll____nderleed Ranges Burn the smoke, gas and soot. Entire from; finished 1 BLACK nickel. No stove polish required The coal is fed under the fire and all products of comb and Blast ‘ ‘1 mm :10th the it ‘ as . J leaves: 9 fresh coal and thew mlxt i 3 passesovertheflraisnitaandls !. [ consumed. 11 i This produces a stron 1 even heat at all times irfi 3‘ stead of a spasmodic heat : 1 as is the case where coal " is fed on top of the fire. i Write today free catalog, s-hmv Ingcu cuts and descriptive matter of the meat ilneo steel and cast iron *and heaters in the United States. Get free Uni Lectric lighting plan: gor— erates standard l10-voltdirect cur- rent: operates from one to lights. electric motor electriciron. \ acuum cleaner electric toaster. form pump. churn. washing ma- chine. etc NO BATTERIES—N0 SWITCH-BOARD and a better machine for less money. High speed gasoline motor generator and automatic gov- ernor. all or mplote 111 one small com- act unit. Uses standard lamps and xcum. Simple. easily installedni do- pendablo. econom ical. Costa less than other system. to buy and to operate. “TERM "NM COIN". 109 Mt. Elliott Ave., Detroit, Mich. Write today for . full derrdinozotion DON’T Pay Two PRICES HOOSIEBasslsxgisFll EE - retry hmownhomehrlldayl. “Show your friends. Freight paid b 513» Smdubukotowumil’ 1 «Myer 0-: new improvement- Ib-lutnly surpass anything ever produced. Save mom ”tingle stove to buy your winters .00.!“ No (“ills-“ons- uooslm sum co. '3 ‘8tate8t, Marlon, Ind. W - for Women, Girl: and Boys Preferred for 20 Yem isa sure proteationfor the stocking ‘! met your cm or send 15c for 1 chug-'1 1 7:” “1?..30111331 go ”Meg err-sols: It a“ 43 Dudley Av... Detroit. Mlchlm...’ own. 222—22 IEIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllIllIIlllllllljjI TH'E M I’C'HI G AN" IFA R‘M‘EV‘R [FrIIIIIIll||IIIIII|||IIllIIIIIII|IIIIIIl|IllIlllll|IIIII|IIIIIIIIIIll|II|IIIII|IIIIIIIlIIIII|lIllIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIII||III|IlllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllll|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllllllllfi Farm Commerce. IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIII LIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIlllIlllIIIIIIIIIIIllIllIII|IHllIIIIIIIIII||IIIIIIIIIIIIlllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIll|IlllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIlIlIlllIllII||IIIlllllllIIII|IllIlllllll|IIll||llIIIIIIIIIIIlllIIIIIIIlllIIlllIIll|IIIIlllllIlllllllIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE Saves Money With Motor Truck R. F. P. SIMMONS, of Wayne county, a fruit grower of state- wide reputation and a producer that is up-to-the—minute in every re- gard, has clearly demonstrated the remarkable possibilities of the motor truck in the hands of the farmer. Dur- ing the eight working days from Aug- ust 23 to 31, inclusive, he transported 36 loads of plums from his farm to Detroit markets 27.5 miles away, with one 1,500-lb. capacity motor truck. Each load consisted of 42 bushels of the fruit. Every farmer in Michigan can well afford to figure out just what this ac- complishment means.~ During these eight days this truck actually travel- led 1,980 miles, or an average of 247% miles per day. In two days it would make nine trips, four trips one day and five the following. In the eight days he marketed 1,512 bushels of plums. Two men were required to operate the truck, as it was kept busy all day and most of the night, and a third remained in the city to look af- ter the sales. Each trip averaged in time about four and one—half hours, which included time for loading and unloading. A Good Investment. Now, had Mr. Simmons depended upon horses to do this work he would have employed one team 54 days, since the round trip requires two days of time for a good team to make it. Or if he was obliged to do the work in the same time as the motor truck did it, seven teams and rigs would have been necessary. As a matter of fact these teams will not stand up un— der the strain of making the trip one way every day for a long period, but the horse was here first and we want to take no advantage of him. Besides seven men would be needed to drive these teams and take care of them. From the point- of investment and labor, therefore, we find that Mr. Sim- mons was quite wise when he pur- chased his motor truck. In this in stance he would have been obliged to tie up $4,200 in teams, harness- es, wagons, springs, racks, etc., to do the work performed by a truck that cost him $1,500. And when he looks to the labor question he is .satisfied there also, for three men are doing what it would require at least seven men to do under the old method of delivery. Another Advantage. But this man who talks little and thinks much, goes farther than the above in figuring the advantages the truck has given him. He declares that his fruit is delivered upon the market in a far better condition by the truck than it would be with teams. If we think a moment we can under- stand just how this is. The teams and wagons are on the road about nine hours and all the time the fruit is being shaken up and dOWn, while the truck gets the load to the market in two and one-half hours at the out- side, thus subjecting it to but one- quarter of the shaking secured by the wagon. This is an item that the fruit man appreciates. . Even at this rate Mr. Simmons fears he will not be able to get his big crop of plums and other fruit to the market as fast as it ripens and has arranged with another party owning a truck to assist him when he is needed. He ofiers this party ten dollars for each load he may bring in. At this figure his own truck and drivers are making a daily gross saving of from $40 to $50. So as he uses the motor truck it brings him an income as large and net prof- ,50 bushels of tomatoes. its far in excess of that from a mod- ern threshing outfit. Other Illustrations. There are other examples which have recently come to the attention of the writer, that show the value of this modern vehicle to the farmer, none of which, however, are quite as remark- able as the experience of Mr. Sim- mons. The truck illustrated on this page is making two trips daily to the De- troit market over a distance of 24 miles. As pictured it is loaded with Each day for the past two weeks the truck and one driver have delivered 100 bushels of tomatoes on the Eastern market and at stores in different sections of the city. Another party living near Ypsilanti is able by means of his motor truck to make a delivery of farm produce on the Eastern market in time for the that his services are more complex than those of the jobber, and that he is under the additional expense of rent, advertising, transporting supplies to and from his store, maintaining .sanitary conditions and attractive ap- pearance, 'telephone and delivery ser- vice, credit accounts and other over- head charges. These operating costs are largely necessitated by the de- mands of the retailer’s own trade and many of them are in turn inflicted up- on the jobber. Such service costs are naturally larger in the fancy fruit stores and high-class groceries and lowest when the distribution be effect- ed through such a medium as the army of huxters, push cart vendors and side-walk stands so common in our large cities. The value to the grower of the efforts which this latter class exert toward disposing of all sorts of fruit and produce and in in- creasing the per capita consumption can scarcely be over-estimated. In the large cities the retail agen- cies may be classified as follows: the fancy fruit store, the high-class gro- cery store, the average corner grocery store, the popular market, the chain store, the fruit store and the fruit vendor. Among these general classes will be found other stores which han- dle meat, fruit and produce, or deli- ‘58 ., Motor Truck Loaded with 50 Bushels of Tomatoes Starting on Second Trip of the Day to Detroit, a Distance of 24 Miles. morning trade, to return home, secure another load, carry it to Ann Arbor, dispose of it and get back in time to load up for'themorning’s drive to ’De- troit again. The transportation end of the mar- keting of farm produce is coming to .be recognized as a very important fac- tor in determining whether farmers profit or lose on certain crops, and the experience they are having with the motor truck gives hope that a sub stantial widening of the margin of »profit can be effected through its use. THE CONSUMER’S DOLLAR (Continued from first page). obnoxious and burdensome increments which contribute to the ultimate cost. The greatest barrier in the path of price reduction is the present retail- ing system and perhaps the' average retailer. An analysis of price incre- ments from producer to consumer shows that the greatest percentage of increase exists between the wholesal- er’s price and the retailer’s price. This means that the cost of distribution within a city is'greater than that of getting the goods to the market. The inflexibility of retail prices, while working an injustice upon the consumer, is a factor which is of the gravest account to the producer and not until retail quotations come to re- flect the fluctuations in the wholesale prices will the consumer be able to buy at reasonable prices and the grow- er be able to throw all of his products into consumption. In defense of the grocer who in- sists on making a large margin on fruit and produce it must be granted In Service Four Years. catessen geods and fruit, or confec- tions and fruit, tobacco and fruit, or other combinations. The number of small retail stores in the larger cities has greatly increased during the last few years, due, prob- ably, to the increase in' population denSity under ' modern metropolitan living conditions. In apartment dis- tricts the people find it inconvenient to store food, and prefer to buy it in small quantities from the handy, neighborhood store. This multiplicity of small stores meansin the end greater overhead expense in getting fruit into consumption and from the point of low prices is far less satisfac- tory than the large retail market which buys more directly and in larg- er quantities. However, more stores means more points of .contact and greater consumption. The Chain Store. The chain store offers some hope of solving the costly distribution prob- lem. These chains of sometimes sev- eral hundred stores are most common in the eastern states. When practi- cable, the perishable products are re- ceived from a central purchasing de. partment ‘the same as other commodi- ties. These stores are operated by business men upon business princi- ples, everything is systematically checked and the store managers of- ten work on a bonus agreement which stimulates sales effort. The quantity of fruit handled in the many stores sometimes enables them to buy in car- load lots or at an auction and thereby absorb the usual brokerage or job, ber’s profit. Many of these stores are just realizing the possibilities“ which fresh fruit and produce offer. and are SEPT. 11, 1915. making unusualveflorts to run special sales and arrange the grower’s pro- ducts in attractive ways. At present, however, it is more liable to be the case that a. chain store simply makes more profit than the individual store instead of giving its customers the benefit of the co operative buying. The clerks in most chain stores are also usually pretty busy pushing the company’s private brand of staples, which net higher profits, and perisha- bles are consequently not given con- sistent attention. Fruit from Five and Ten Cent Stores. Whenever one store lowers its re- tailing price it tends to automatically reduce those of its competitors. Oth- er stores must decrease their margin of profit or suffer a loss of business. The five-and—ten-cent stores which us- ually handle fruit simply as a means of drawing trade and without any at- tempt to make a profit, are strong fac- tors in keeping selling prices low. It is the powerful buying advantage and the systematic business methods used in conducting its affairs that will en. able chain stores to secure a large part of the trade from the individual store. So far as the average retailer, him- self, observes, the only force which would cause him to reduce his price would be competition. He often faces the temptation, and sometimes the seeming desire on the part of his cus- tomers, to place a higher price upon his stock than should be charged. The public knows little about wholesale prices and the demand on the retail market is therefore not intelligently formed. ‘ An Ignorant Buying Public. One dealer known to the writer, tried the experiment of retailing the same size and grade of oranges at two different prices and found that the higher fruit sold most rapidly. With unusually low prices on fruits and vegetables this year, retailers said that they could not reduce their prices below normal because prpspfiectiye pin-.5 - chasers would view thevproductsawith' suspicion. Some dealers complain that when they once reduce their sell- ing prices in accordance with a drop in wholesale quotations, it is difficult to raise them again and a loss of trade usually results. While such instances as these are common and are un- doubtedly being practiced continually in some communities, the theory that retail prices do not vary in accord- ance with wholesale prices cannot be applied to all products all over the country. The orange growers, for in- stance, proved very conclusively that the selling prices of the grower, the jobber, and the retailer varied in ac- cordance with one another with start- ling regularity. Expensive Service Often Demanded. Another expensive luxury which is blamed against food products them- selves is the insistence of the public upon an expensive service. _ People prefer to have their yeast cake sent up from the high-class store of Charles & Co., on Fifth avenue than buy it at the little grocery around the cor- ner because it is nice to have one’s friends see the elegant automobile of Charles & Co. stop in front of one’s home while a liveried attendant de- livers the order. This pernicious hab- it cannot be blamed against the re- tailer. There are sufficient people in every good-sized city to amply sup- port a high-class, service store. In a very few communities the plan of charging extra for service has been successful. Such stores encourage their patrons to come for their pur- chases and charge extra for delivery, credit‘and other service items. Thus those who receive service pay for it, while those who pay cash and carry their purchases home, pay only for the commodities bought. , ‘ Teaching the Public. , -Much of the consuming trade is ig- norant- of the season when certain (Continued on Page 228) m. n. Isis.” TRucK cnops neon The Bureau of Crop Estimates has received from a special list of truck- crop growers’ reports relating to the condition on August 15. Correspond- ents. were requested to estimate the condition on the basis of 196 repre- senting a normal condition. The re- sults of the tabulation of the replies are given below: Cabbages. Onions. . . or o . 0 o . c "-3 gnu—o a 8—0 ‘9 'd '5 " 'u t; r: '81:: ‘3 8:: .1. o no a c o Virgin’s- ..... 9 92 California ‘. . . Delaware . . . . New Jersey . .' Teormsee . . . 88 O.kl’a’.‘~.oma . . . Arkansas . . Washington .. 33.33% 331:: 3933» produc. 3 a: N 90-4 cue-queen” can .Produo. figsgwmfiaeammaggqug Candi. assassassssssmnm, 3} New York. . . . 89 100 78‘ Ohio ........ 85 78 Indiana ...... 9’3 74 Illinois ...... 92 78 Michigan . . . . 87 71 VViscwsin . . . 94 92 91 . . Minnesota . . . 99 98 82 . . Iowa ........110 110 75 66 Misscuri .. . . . 92 98 95 71 Colorado . . . . 90 92 93 .. . IIIIIWIIIW1““ ' 1“" ‘ mmnm ‘ " " Crop and Market Notes. Michigan. Cbcboyga-n 00., Aug. 2‘7.—~Frost last night injured corn, cueum , beans and late potatoes. Clover hay and a1— falfa very good. Wheat, oats and rye good yield. No preparations as yet for {all seeding. Early apples are scare-'21, late apples half a crop. But- ter—tar. 29c; mint 20¢ per gallon; eggs 30c; broilers 36!: per lb. dressed. . Mcr‘os‘ta 69., Aug. 26’.-—Pota"toes are looking good. Beans in some districts are rusting. Farmers are plowing for fall .mding. Pastures not very good. Some early apples but no late ones. Some peaches and a good crop of pluns. Eggs 18c; butter-fat 24c; hogs $863; cattle $4.50@6- Van Buren Co, Aug. 30.—-Corn is pretty good", but needs three or four weeks of warm dry weather to ma- ture. Our apple crop is very good and free from worms and scab. We have sold’otn winter apples for $2 on the traces-amt other growers have sold for $2.751 delivered at the station. Peaches a fair map, but a drug on the market. Some light frosts, but no damage done. Washtenaw 001., Aug. 26.———Weather is unseasonahle, the coldest and wet- test Angnst in many years. Early po- tatoes were a very good crop, but the late ones will be almost a total fail- ure due to blight and wet weather. Beans poor. Com my uneven, but with favorable weather may yet make a good crop. Farmers are beginning to plow for wheat. Not many farmers engaged in feeding operations, live stock being malty dairy cows. But- ter 30@32c; eggs 20c. New York. Genome 00., Aug. 28.-—Clover is a ligh crop; mot alfalfa. very good- The yield of wheat, oats, barley and rye is in most cases. very good and quality fine. Corn doing fairly well, but most of it maturing late. Potatoes damaged to some extent by blight; also beam. damaged by rust. Apples will be scarce, but pears, peaches and plum; are plentiful. Wool is bringing on :21: average 288 per lb; butter—fat 29c; milk $1.50 per mt; eggs 20c; hogs $7.50; wheat 90c; oats. 60c; po- tatocs. 50®89¢; loose hay $IZ@M. Ohio. Brown 00., Aug. III—Farmers are busy plowing wheat ground. Thresh— ing nearly all done. Wheat and rye not as good as usual. Oats good; clover and timothy better than aver- age. Corn is good except on. low lands, where it was injured by the ex- cessive rains. There is going to be a big crop of fruits of all kinds. Butter 180; eggs 29c; spring chickens 14¢; lamLs ”@8175; mixed packers $T@ 7.25. Warren 60., Aug. PIT—Weather is cold and wet, and the damage to the grain crops has been very great. The most of the wheat crop has. been thrashed; but very little oats thresh- ed. The hay crop was heavy but lit was not seemed in. very good condo- tion. Rye an average yield; fully half" the out. crop lost. Corn pr are average. Rye average yield, fully half the oat crop lost. Corn prospects av- erage; com will be mostly cat and the ground sown to wheat. Wheat seed— 4.0 bushel ing will. lugwever, be late. Potatoes are wetting in! file ’groond. Canning factories running overtime, as a large crop oz sweet corn is name. will be plenty of fruit at all. kinds. Very little'five stock moving. ‘crop; oats almost a failure due to the WW about $1 THE MICHIGAN FARMER $1.10; corn 75c; rye'Sdc; apples 30c; peaches $1 per bushel; plums $1.25; eggs 17c; butter-fat 2110; chickens 18c per lb; hogs $7; cattle $6; calves $10; , wool 30¢ per lb. Indiana. Davies: Cm, Aug. 30.—-Weather is very cool and too rainy. Threshing about done. ‘The yield of wheat, oats and bay is far above the average. Prospects for corn better than usual in spite of the fact that it was dam- aged by wind and floods. Fair crop' of clover seed. Fall plowing well un- der way. All kinds of vegetables and fruit plentiful except peaches, which are a partial failure. Wheat 95c; oats 35c; corn 80c; hay $7; potatoes 400; butter 256; eggs 18c: chickens 13c; hogs “@7; cattle $8@9. ‘ Wisconsin. Jackson 00., Aug. 28.~The past two weeks has been very cool frosts on August 17 and 27 damaged com: beans , and cucumbers in some localities. All . hood crops are befitward. Big yields of hay, clover and alfaifa, but. some- what injured by bad weather when curing. Big yields of small grain. Po», tatoes promise well. Apples. below' the average. Seeding just begun, Grain, oats and rye coming into the local market slowly. Butter-fat 24c; eggs 16c. wv Missouri. Phelps (10., Aug. 28.———A big yield of hay and a fair crop of alfalfa was har- vested in this county. Wheat is aver- ' aging about 10 bushels to the acre. Oats extra good but not much barley or rye. ' Recent heavy rains washed away a considerable amount of these grains down in the low lands. Corn in low lands was ruined by the rains. Potatoes extra fine and yielding a good crop. Lots of beans and all kinds of vegetables. Lots of fruit of all kinds. Farmers expect to put in a big Wheat crop. Wheat $I@1.05; butter— fat 20c; hens 110; spring chickens 12c per lb. , Vernon 80., Aug. 28.—Wet weather continues, making it very hard for threshing. A considerable amount of- grain is badly spoiled in the shock. Tame hay is good, hay on bottom lands not so heavy as usual. There is considerable plowing being done. The apple crop is not as large as usual, as orchards are badly infested with some kind of fungons disease which causes the fruit to rot. Some peaches and~ pears. , Pastures are in good condi- tion. Batter 25c; eggs 16c. Kansas. Cloud 60., Aug. 28.——T'he hay crop is the largest in years. We also had a. bumper wheat crop. Rye is a good rust. Corn prospects are fine, and un- less we have frost before the corn ma- tures, there will be an extra large crop. Potatoes and beans are good.. Fall seeding very slow, as the fields are too wet to work. Fruit prospects never better. Wheat $1; oats 50c; corn 75c; potatoes 60c; apples 250;i butter-fat 22c; eggs 11750. Cattle, stockers $6.50@7'J50; fieeders: $8 per cwt; calves $7. Horses and. mules are bringing better prices than before. Dickinson 60., Aug. 27.——Plenty of rain and unusually cool weather. The third crop of fine alfalfa has been har- vested. Pastures good and stock. is looking well. Corn in fine shape. Not ' much threshing done as it is too wet. Farmers are plowing. Potatoes are splendid- Not much fruit except ap— ples. Franklin 00., Aug. 2&r—August was cool with. lots of rain Hay crop fine, but not good haying weather. Clover not so good as timothy, which is extra fine. Alfalfa is a good yield except. where high water flooded the fields. Wheat yielded from three to eight bushels, and not or good quality. Oats 10- to 35. bushels, quality poor as the rainy weather prevented the grain from fil 'ng properly. Corn fair, but weather 00 cool for it to mature fast. ‘ Potatoes 3 fair crop but not keeping well. Many are plowing now for wheat, of which a large acreage will: be sown. Early apples not good, late” ones fair. Pears and peaches scarce.E Eggs 17c; butter-fat 20c. Colorado. Kit Carson 00., Aug. 27.-—We are still getting lots of rain and the roads are in bad shape. Harvest is nearly; through and threshing has Grain is a good yield. 13 backward but in good condition. Poo tatoes and beans are good. No seed- mg begun yet. Not much fruit. Wheat , $1; barley 45c; cream 200; eggs 18c. Idaho. Power Culling. 29.—-Second crop of aka being put up. The yield is good. Harvest is about done and threshing. is under way. Wheat made only a flair yield, ranging from five to a per acre. It would prob- ably average about 12 to 15 bushels- Potatoes did not do very well this year. There will. he' I pretty goodi acreage of wheat sowed this fan. The apple «:11ng pretty good. ,WMLis; T’- Emlllllllmlllllllllmllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllIllllll!IllllllIlHHIIllllllllIllllllllllIIIHIllllllllHlIlIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllI[IlllIlllllIHI[UllllllllllI“H““ll|I“lllllllllllllllllIIIIHllIllIIllllIIIllllllllllllllllllllllIllIlllllllllllllllllllll 231—2 3; Automobile records were not the only things smashed on this most modern of an speedways. A new record was humrup for high-speed construction work. Work on was begun May 8th and completed in forty-two days—forty of whid'i f steel; and earloads of cement. this two-mile were rainy. Millions of feet (f lumber Now Engines mere ! ' NOVO’S Wonderful Reliability Makes It THE Engine for Every Kind of Farm Work Million—dollar contracting firms select NOVO because of one reason only—a NOVO brings better returns, dollar for do!- lar, than any other engine made. This same kind of cold-blooded reasoning has put thousands of NOVOS at work on farms sawing the wood, grinding the feed, running the ensilagc cutter, the separator, the water and lighting systems, washing Clothes, etc, etc. wereused;tonso Have you seriously considered how rz/i- aéle power—the only kind NOVO gives—- relieves farm work of much of its drudgery and uncertainty, besides making the farm show a bigger balance on the right side of the ledger at the end of the year? . Advantages of NOW) for Farm Work Light weight, almost unbelievable sim- plicity, easy portability and Guarantee Bond agaimrdamage fim freezing“ are points of NOVO superiority no farmer can afford to overlook. ' ' mail it today. . “GENE. C0., 557 Willow Street, Lansing, Michigan or Solution A, San Jose. Ca]. CLARENCE r. BEMEN’I‘. Sammy and Manager Now Engines can b: furnished for operating on gasoline, kerosene. alcohol or (Esiillate Fa , Nave Enema . ............... } nominated . wawfimck .11»: ENGINES 111w and norm-r5 Let us know what kind of a farm—power problem you are interested in. We believe we can show you so you can judge for yourself whether or not a NOVO will more than pay for itself on your farm. Fill in coupon and .¥}\T\\\\“\,\\\b‘ y T ‘ 5 \\ use. New 31., 1 HP. at Fig. “A H.l’. Nun Engine-inched to wind mill pump. \‘ \\,§\\}\\\\\\\ \\\\ \\\\._\\\§ s\ - \\\\\\\\\\ ‘~ {k \\ Q , \\ Fig. 147‘, 12 H]. a love Engine mm! tau: tuck. 33. ,. S\ :s\\ .- ., $2 I .‘ \ ‘ '9\ ' ~ , NM\\\\\\“«L .s Fig. 1513?, Dan Handy fluid. w——-.-.~—m ~'JllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllIlllllllllllIllIlillllllllilll[IllllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIlllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllll .' _:2": ifw‘v‘bfiaflwifw~ I t O I’ N t‘ 77! ° ' ovo Engine . e / Engine f or Every 0' Company ' ,. Purpose ” o “'3'"? '0 “chm” I Gentlemen: With- ; out any obligation, . 'I please tell me why +- , NOVO is the best en- ‘ 0 shoe for my require— ' ments. 1 use an engine " for the following purposes: O I I O " andreqmre‘ about ........... .......H.P.> l . I ’ Name new...” . “4...... :.~<: ....t.. -- . or, .: 3: 1: 224—24 .IiiiiliillliillII|lliI|lIlIIlIIlilfliillllllllilllliliilfliliifllliliiilllllllfllIIilIIIIlIIIIIIiIlIIMI nv ..s~....1: 7:... 1.".1 'ri .i’» llilllllllllllllllilliiilll IIIllIlIIIlllllliilllllllIlllllllllillllillHillllllllllllllll||Illllilllllllllllllllfllllllllifllllllllflllllllfi WEATH ER FOR ECAST. gun For week beginning Wednesday, September 8, for the region of the Great Lakes: Overcast weather and showers Wednesday, and probably Thursday will be followed by fair weather and moderate temperature until about the twelfth, when showers are again probable. ‘ GRAINS AND SEEDS. September 7, 1915. Wheat.—Considering the factors ac- tive in the wheat market, prices are holding within a moderate range, and the decline is not so rapid as might be expected at this season and its big crop. Cash wheat .does not appear to be plentiful, and to meet immedi- ate needs available grain is being readily absorbed. Favorable weather last week encouraged threshing all throughout the northwest, which will probably be followed by heavier de- liveries than have obtained so far this season. The visible supply increased 656,000 bushels. A year ago No. 2 red wheat was selling at $1.22 per bushel. Quotations for the past week are: No. 2 No. 1 Red. White. Dec. Wednesday . . . .1.07 1.04 1.04 Thursday . . . . . 109% 1.06% 1.06 Friday . . . . . ..1.09 1.06 1.04%, Saturday Monday ........... Tuesday ....... 1.06 1.03 1.01 Chicago.———September wheat 92.4c; December 90.2c; May 94.2c per bu. Corn—Prices have ruled about one cent below the average of a week ago. Last week's fair weather did much to mature the crop and acted as a bear- ish factor. Corn has improved con- siderably during the past fortnight and in many sections a very heavy crop will be harvested with normal weather prevailing. The eastern de- mand for the cereal has been a little slow. A year ago the price for No. 3 corn was 820. Quotations as follows: No.3 No.3 Mixed. Yellow. Wednesday . . . ... . . . 79 81 Thursday OOCCCOOOOI. 79 81 Friday .............. 79 81 Saturday ..... . .. Monday ........ Tuesday 79 81 Chicago—September corn 71.3c per bushel; December 51.70; May 5870. . Oats.—With heavy receipts at pri- mary elevators, oat values show great- er depreciation than prices for corn and wheat. A large portion of the re- ceipts is of inferior grades. market was lower on Tuesday than Saturday. American visible supply in- creased 2,872,000 bushels last week. A year ago standard oats were quoted at 521/2c per bushel. Quotations are as follows: _ Standard. White. No. 3 Wednesday . . . . 40 38% Thursday 40 38% Friday ...... 39 37% Saturday ........... . . . . . . Monday Tuesday ............ 36% 37 Chicago.—September oats 36.2c per bu; December 35.6c; May 38.1c. Rye—This market is quiet with cash No. 2 3c lower at 920 per bushel; September 900. Beans.—Prices steady. There has been much damage by rains and fun- gus. Detroit quotations are: Cash $3 per bushel; October $2.80. Chicago trade is quiet and steady. Pea beans, hand-picked, choice, are nominal at $2.85@3; common $2.62@2.80; red kid- neys $3.25@3.50. At Greenville the elevators quote $2.60. Clover Seed—Improved weather set prices back last week but rains since have encouraged buying again. Prime spot $9.35; October $9.70; alsike $9.25. Timothy Seed—Prime spot $3.30. FLOUR AND FEEDS. Noun—Jobbing lots in one-eighth paper sacks are selling on the Detroit market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best patent $5.90; seconds $5.60; straight $23.30; spring patent $6.60; rye flour 0 Feed.——In 100-lb. sacks, jabbing lots are: Bran $25; standard middlings $29; fine middlings $32; cracked corn $34.50; corn and oat chop $31.50 per ton. Old Hay.—Market is firm at steady prices. Carlots on track at Detroit are: No. 1 timothy $24@25; standard $23@24; No. 2, $22@23: light mixed $23@24: No. 1 mixed, $18@19; No. 1 clover $14@15. New Hay.——No. 1 ti othy $18@19: standard timothy $17@ 8; light mixed $17@18; No. 2 timoth??16@17; No. 1 Liverpool . T H E M 1 OH {GA N FHA R M sip. mixéfi*:?'~$..: mammsedcmms Ndfiléicmiiéf aflWhh ... - ~ ' .. ' .. Chicago—Demand g1 light. New timothy": ‘3@18 per ton. Straw.—Rye~astraw $7:50@8; wheat and cat straw ’$6.50@7" per ton. ..> . .- , DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS. Butter.-—-—In brisk demand at firm prices; Consumption is large. Offer- ings- light. Extra creamery 241760; firsts 22990; dairy 210; packing stock 18c per lb. ’ _ Elg-in.—~Market is firm at. prices 1%c above last week. Quotation now is .26c per pound. .. Chicago.———Advanced 1. cent. Extra creamery 251750; .extra firsts 24174;@ 250; . firsts 23.@24c; seconds 21@ 2235c; packing stock 19@20c per lb. Poultry.——-Dem=and is good and sup- ply light. Prices unchanged. Live.— Broilers No. 1. 17@1717§c; No. 2,14%@ 150; heavy hens 150; .others 12@14c per pound; .ducks 14'@15c; geese 10c. Chicago—Demand good. Fowls good stock. Irregularity in shipment makes great variation in prices. Fowls, good weights 13@1dc; others 10@12c; spg chickens 16'@16%c; ducks 12%@14c; geese 8@120; guinea hens $2.75@3 139129941992“ . , Eggs.—Prices steady with receipts falling. off;ff’*Can'dl‘ed firsts sell at 23c; Currant, rebeipts- 2115.9. Chicago-Up a fraction and firmer. Miscellaneous lots, cases included 17 @211,éc; ordinary firsts 20@21c; firsts 21@220. Veal.-——Quoted steady at 14@14%c for fancy, and 13@131/2c for common. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Apples.——Supply good. Fancy $2.25 @250 per bbl, and 75@80c per bu; common $1@1.50 per bbl and 40@500 per bushel. Pears.—Market is fair for good stock, good Bartletts bringing $4.75@ 5 per bbl. Potatoes—But few Michigan tubers coming. Jerseys are quoted at 63@ 65c per bushel. At Chicago Michigan whites are selling at 450 per bushel in carlots. At Greenville 300 per bush- el is being paid. Peaches—Markets active, although supply is ample. Island peaches bring $1.50 for A A’s; $1.25@1.35 for A’s; 90c@$1 for B’s. DETROIT EASTERN MARKET. Buyers were anxious for produce Tuesday morning, which' enabled the farmers to sell out readily. Potatoes 75c; tomatoes $1@1.50; cabbage 6pc; lettuce 600; apples 800@$1.25; cu- cumbers $1.50@3.25, depending on the size and quality; onions, yellow 75c per bu; silver 10c per qt; eggs 30c per dozen; prices for loose hay range from $15@24. LIVE STOCK MARKETS. Buffalo. September 6, 1915. (Special Report of Dunning & Stev- ens, New York Central Stock .Yards, Buffalo, N. Y.) Receipts here today as follows: Cat- tle 152 cars; hogs 80 d. d.; sheep and lambs 37 d. d.; calves 1,100 head. With 152 loads of cattle on the mar- ket here today and 18,000 reported in Chicago and lower, all the best cattle sold 10@15c per cwt. lower, while the medium kind sold from 15@25c lower. We had too many cattle for the market today, and it being Labor Day we did not have buyers enough to take the cattle. There will be sev- eral loads left over tonight unsold. There seems to be plenty of cattle in the west now and they are coming in pretty freely. We do not look for much improvement in the medium cattle from now on. We had a moderate supply of hogs today, all light grades sold strong to a shade higher, and the mixed, medi- um and heavy grades fully 10c higher than the close of Saturday. Quite a string of medium and mixed sold at $8.40@8.50; choice heavies from $8@ 8.15; yorkers and pigs generally at $8.60; roughs $6.25@6.50; stags $4.50 @550. Everything sold at the close and late trade was strong. The qual- ity of the hogs today was not very good, while the extreme heavies were extra good quality. Hogs weighing less than 200 lbs. are coming rather common at the present time and we would not advise buyers to buy com- mon trashy stuff too high. The market was active today on lambs and sheep, with prices steady with the close of last week on lambs, sheep firm; most of the choice lambs selling at $8.90. Look for steady prices last of week with moderate receipts. We quote: Lambs $8.90@9: cull to fair $7.50@8.80; yearlings $7637.35; bucks $3@5: handy eWes $5.75@6; heavy ewes $5.50@5.65: wethers $6.25 @650; cull. sheep $3@4.75; veals, choice to extra $11.75@12; fair to good $8.50@11.50; heavy calves $5@8.50. “can“ “ssai'suppiy. » . Same Wk 1914..46,902 103,947 135,511 .3; ‘j: .,Chicago. . , , ,‘ 5 September 6, 1915. ~- : Cattle. Hogs. Sheep. Received today..15,000 28,000 10,000 Last week ...... 43,517 108,753 85,599 There was a good call for cattle on Monday, and steers ruled steady to strong. Butcher stock ruled firm on the good kinds but slow on weak on the plain grades. . Prime steers reach- ed $10.35, averaging 1450 lbs. Calves were steady and best sold at $12. Only 2,000 range cattle, mostly Canadians, were offered and steady prices pre- vailed. Hogs were steady to 50 lower at the start and finished fully 100 low- er on all classes. Price range was wide, with weighty kinds below top grade being neglected. Sales were at $6@8.15, against last Saturday's top of $8.20. Average weight of hogs last week was 244 lbs. Sheep and lambs ruled steady to strong and the trade was active. Native lambs reach- ed $8.65 and western topped at $9. Range wethers sold at $6 while most native ewes landed at $5.25. Prices widened last week between prime heavy steers and the light plain fleshed classes. Best kinds showed 25c advance over the previous week’s finish and as much as 40@50c gain from the recent low spot. The plain- er kinds went at 10@150 higher. She stock sold irregularly higher and the bulk made gains of 15@25c. Even canner and cutter stock showed slight improvement. Bulls made an advance of 10@15c in the week. Calves have changed little. Range cattle were less numerous than ex- pected. Western offerings closed 10 @15c higher. Prime 1,437-lb. native steers reached $10.35 against $10.15 the preceding week and animals land- ed at $8.40@10; best yearlings $10.25; common to fair kinds $6@7.75 and canner stuff $5.50 and lower. Only a few heifers sold higher than $8.50 and the bulk went at $6@7. Extra cows sold at $7.75 and higher; fair to good do. $5.25@6.25; canner grade $3.75@ 4.25; good bologna bulls $5.50@5.75 and a common light grade $5.25, good to prime corn-fed butcher bulls $6.75 @725; best vealers $11.50@12; fair do. $8@10; extremely weighty lots landed at $6@7.25, according to the quality. Hog prices have fluctuated greatly the past week. Top light grades reach- ed a new high point of the year while the 350 to 375-lb. stock showed a de- cline of 25@40c per cwt. within the past week. Quality has fallen OE and there is marked increase in the num- ber of grassy offerings. Pigs are in good demand and many showed at least a 250 advance within the week. Shippers were seldom after offerings weighing 300 lbs. and heavier. Until Germany is able to buy our lard again the sellers and buyers alike admit that there is little chance for the big hogs to sell on a profitable basis. Av- erage weight of hogs at Chicago in August was 246 lbs., or 8 lbs. heavier than the previous month and only 2 lbs. lighter than a year ago. When the week closed hogs sold at $6@6.50 for heavy packers, $6.75@7.50 for the heavy shipping kinds, $7.40@7.95 for light bacon lots, $8@8.15 for light shipping and $7.25@8 for pigs. Ewes and lambs declined about 500 last week, while yearlings and bucks showed at least 250 depreciation. Na- tive ewes were in good supply and a fair amount of range wethers, but yearlings were scarce. Both native and western lambs were rather nu- merous compared with the previous SEPT. 11, 1915. $-BEANS-$ lne Micnlgan Bean Growers’ Association Proposed Plan to Determine and laintoin a Fair Price for Beans. l ht.‘ The U. B. Department of A iculture wil make the crop estimate for beans Whig will be avail' able September 10.—2nd.-—Tho Michi an Bonn GmW' on Association will meet at Flint. ‘Miohican. Sep‘ ‘t‘tfii'um‘t’mu nintplifienmm“iiftr:em conga? . on w 3 mm a oin e y 5118 Michulun bean Jobborsqodssocistiog? and on- ueavor to agree on a price booi- for the 1915 crop of beansfind will hope to establish an ndvnnoinz scale of prices covering 0; months when beans are marketed. For example. if beans were to start at 02.00 with a 100 advance each: month to cover the cost. of shrinkage interest. Insurance. cto., May beans would be .281 (Mark thou fl¢ureo are only by way of illustration). War conditions with a report of ones would be an occasion for the I ulntor to emorolizo the Bonn Market. With I. famolmo of beans moving and not dumping the cro on the market, there is ever reason to col 3 pr on main- tenance that will res ize to the farmer is 25 r cent increase over on average of past yours. ichigan produces ‘76 per cent of the total white bean crop of the U. 8. and cooperation in trading can be accomp- lished and a mutual benefit oecu . This is an op- portunity for the rower to have n hand in naming A price for his p not. The Flint meeting will be open to every bean gown; in counties not organized interested growers in ould come. BEAN GBOWERS' ASSOCIATION. MICK Frederick W. Swan. Pres. J as. N. 'McBrido. Scc‘y. 92. minoosmzsuo EXTENSION-ROOF Roof Closed (Section of Root and Silo removed) Roof Open and Filled with Ensilago The Hoosier Roof will make your silo 100 _ efficient. No space lost by your ensilage sett mg. It or cent 18' the kind 0 silo roof on have been looking for. W rite nearest oflico for cat 06 and learn why Hoosier customers say that the "HO HIE]! ROOF ought to be on every silo. SIIEET METAL SPECIALTY 00.. All Now York 81.. Goslun. Ind. The Successful Man is the one with the business training, whether he be a farmer. merchant or manufacturer. The Detroit Business University has trained over 46.000 successful men and women which is our best guarantee of what we can do for you. Write today for bulletin describing the various courses. We have a special correspon- dence course, ”Farm Bookkeeping,” which teaches you to apply the latest accounting methods to farming, no guess work about your profits if you keep a proper set of books. Ask for ‘ Bulletin F if interested in this course. Address ‘ 61-63-65-67-69 W. Grand River Ave., Detroit, l‘llchignn. Percherons, Holsteins, Angus, Shrop- shires, Durocs. Hairy Vetcli Seed For Sale 150 pound, $8.00 bushel. :Sacks free. DORR B. BUELL, Elmira, Michigan week although fewer than a year ago. Saturday close on best lambs made, . $9.05; ewes $5.35; wethers $5.90; year—i lings $7; bucks $4.50. That stock feeders feel resentful of a $6@6.25 market for heavy packing hogs is demonstrated by the recently materially lessened receipts in the Chicago stock yards. Wide fluctua- tions have taken place in the middling class of mixed hogs, with only moder‘ ate changes in the best and the com- monest droves much of the time. The pig crop of the country is remarkably free from disease as a general rule, there being little hog cholera. and therefore very few pigs are moving to market. nTuGINn BUYERS Half the value you get from an engine depends on get- ting the right one for your needs. and fitting it prop- erly to the job. Davis isn practical farmer and shop Talk 1‘ man, as well as a. practical engine builder. He knows and Over his advice is FREE and un- windiced. Write him today. no. At the same time get your copy of "Engine Facts” —tells you all about. “101916 models of the famous ELLIS E N G I N E Fl—thc simplest. strongest. most economical engine made—will run 10 hour: on 6 rts. worth of lamp oil per horse power—30 days free trial—10- yssr guaranty- £33119 engine ahead." 1% to . p. ELLIS EIOIIIE COMPANY. 2822 E. Grand Boulevard, Detroit. Mich. will: liavls! is ., BUSHEI. BRATES Made from Elm timber. Knocked down or nailed up i ' APPLE onnnEis Standard Size—Well Made. Romeo. Michigan I R E For Formor—Lumbormon Weighs only 50 pounds. Operated by ,fi'l.‘ one man, standing up. Saws low down. ' One man can fell more trees than two men with cross-cut saw. Brand new invention; astonishes cverybOdY- Folding. easily carried; saves labor and backache Every owner of a wood lot will surely have it. Circular free. GLOBE MACHINE CO. , w , .-. 6 Bank Bldg" Machine. Mo. .‘ l. i‘nm'w- ' FANCY GRADED WIIITEII VETGH SEED $8.00 per bushel. Grimm Alfalfa $18 per bushel. Write today for price list 24. Seed Wheats and other QUALITY sensonnble Farm Seeds. A. H. FOSTER. Allefian. Mich, WANTED—AN IDEA. Who can think of simple . thing to patent? Protect your ideas, they may brinfinyou wealth. Write for Needed Invent ons‘ and ow to get your Patent and Your Monov.’ RANDOLPH 00.. PATENT ATTORNEYS. DEPT. 87. WASHINGTON. D. 0. Iloliusl Wool-Mutton Shropshire Iioms Big Priced right end satisfaction gu :- teed book. Write today for genome? {igloo Liz: 2111.01”, A. 1!. POST]: . Alle‘znn. Michigan. When writing to advertisers please mention The Michigan Farmer. Slrulhers Cooperage Co. , SAWING MACHINE . l i” i I i , SEPT. 11, .1915. . __ . Thus. 18 THELMT sermon. . j'rho *mteaition' ‘ is sonttothOse‘wh'o have not expressed" a desire for the latest markets... The latelnal‘ket odi- tion will be sent on request at any time. , . . DETROIT LIVE 8TocK MARKETS. Thursday's Market. , September 9, 1915. cattle. Receipts 1923. There was a heavy supply of live stock on sale at the 10- cal ards again this week, especially in t e cattle division where the qual- ity was on the common .order, there being a large number of light stuff and common cows in the receipts. which were draggy but the general market held about steady with the close last week and the market Thurs- day held steady. Nothing doing in stockers and feeders or mllch cows yet. Best heavy steers $8@8.25; best handy weight butcher-steers $7.25@ 7.50; mixed steers and. heifers $6.50@ 7; handy light butchers $6©6.50; light butchers $5.50@6; 6; butcher cows $5@5.25; common cows $4.25@4.75; canners $3@4; best heavby bulls $5.50@5.85;.bologna bulls $5@ .25. Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co. 3 cows av 925 at $5; to Parker, W. & Co. 4 canners av 850 at $4; to Trum- bull 2 bulls av 1105 at $5.50, 1 do wgh 650 at $5, 1 do wgh 730 at $5, 2 do av 735 at $5, 2 do av 1020 at $5.50; to Breitenbeck 26 butchers av 870 at $6.60, 1 canner wgh 920 at $4, 1 cow wgh 990 at $5.50; to Kamman B. Co. 28 butchers av 827 at $6.75; to Mich. B. Co. 24 do av 814 at $7, 3 do av 617 at $6.50; t2 Mason B. Co. 1 bull wgh 950 at $5. 0, 12 butchers av 675 at $6, 2 steers av 1040 a $7.50; to Trumbull 2 bulls av 660 at $5, 6 do av 850 at $5.25, 2 do av 1450 at $5.85; to Sullivan P. Go. 1 do wgh 1370 at $5.75; to Hammond, S. & Co. 18 steers av 875 at $7, 4 butchers av 1080 at $6, 6 do av 1010 at $7.50; to Newton B. Co. 4 do av 1150 at $6; to Parker, W. & Co. 3 canners av 810 at $4; to Sul- livan P. Co. 1 do wgh 950 at $4, 4 do av 1059 at $5.50, 11 butchers av 807 at $6.40, 14 steers av 1056 at $7.65, 5 do av 864 at $6.60; to Rather 5 cows ’ av 1116 at $5.75; to Grant 29 butchers av 714 at.$5; to Thompson Bros. 6 steers av 1100 at $7.85, 8 do av 800 at $6.50, 3 cows av 980 at $5.60; to Ma- son B. Co. 7 steers av 780 at $6.50, 13‘ do av 970 at $7.60; to Sullivan P. Co. 9 do av 935 at $7.30, 11 cows av 1096 at $5.50. Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. CO. 5 heifers av 530 at $5.50, 6 cows av 930 at $4.80; to Goodwin 1 do wgh 1200 at $5.75; to Mason B. Co. 15 steers av 935 at $6.65, 2 heifers av 765 at $5.75, 1 cow wgh 800 at $4.50; to Rattkowsky 4 butchers av 495 at $6, 2 cows av 900 at $5.25; to Kam- man B. Co. 1 bull wgh 990 at $5.50, 1 do wgh 920 at $5.50, 1 do Wgh 1280 at $5.50, 3 do av 1017 at $5.75; to Sulli- van P. Go. 6 steers av 1140 at $7.60, 20 do av 862 at $6.25, 6 do av 666 at $6.25, 7 do av 1007 at $7.25, 7 do av 914 at $7.25, 1 cow wgh 1250 at $6; to Hammond. S. & Co. 16 steers av 1009 at $7.40; to McNabb 16 do av 1286 at $7.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 1 cow wgh 1250 at $6; to Merritt 9 butchers av 714 at $6.35, 8 do av 790 at $6.35, 8 do av 81‘.) at $6.35; to Rattkowsky 8 cows av 935 at $5.25. 1 do wgh 870 at $4.75, 3 do av 940 at $5.75. V33] Calves. Receipts 539. The veal calf trade was dull and 500@$1 lower than last week, due to there being no Jews on hand, this being their New Years. Heavy grades were very dull and sold low. Best brought $11@11.50, with once in a while an extra fancy one at $12; mediums $8@10; common and heavy $5@7.50;- the close was dull. Sande], S., B. & G. sold Parker, W. & Co. 15 av 160 at $11; to Lowenstein 6 av 140 at $12; to Sullivan P. Co. 5 av 185 at $11.50, 13 av 170 at $11.50, 3 av 175 at $12, 1 wgh 250 at $10; to Rattkowsky 2 av 350 at $5.50; to Sul- livan P. Co. 17 av 150 at $11, 1 wgh 260 at $9, 3 av 200 at $11.50; to Burn- stine 4 av 140 at $11.50; to Nagle P. Co. 2 av 190 at $11. Sheep and Lambs. Receipts 6190. The sheep and lamb trade held about steady from start to finish. Swift & Co. were heavy buy- ers and were the means of keeping prices up. Without them they would have been much lower. Best lambs $8.40@8.50; fair do. $7.25@8; light to common do. $6@7; fair to good sheep 3445695; culls and comman $2.50@ 0 Roe Com. Co. sold Bax-Iago 26 lambs av 80 at $8.25, 34 do av 75 at $8.50, 6 sheep av 85 at 4. 34 do av 120 at $4.50; .to Newton . Co. 45 lambs av 80 at $8.25 44 do av 77 at $8, 4 sheep av 90 at $6 . . H Receipts 5890. was nothing dome; in hogs until late in the day; prospects are steady to so her, or pigs 919598.05: heavy » $7.5 @7175: mixed $7.75@8. best cows $5.50@ ‘ THE M to H I GA N FAR MLE R . a} _ . is "Most Miles per Dollar.” tires, tubes and rims. HIS is the principle on which Firestone tires are made. The increased tire-yield Firestone tires are made by America’s largest organiza- tion devoted exclusively to the manufacture of Specialists at buying— ~You/\Know What Intensive ' Farming Means-4- 6 Intensive farming is the increase of crop yields by specialized science ——devoting all knowledge and skill to certain crops exclusively. specialists at building—specialists at distribu- tion—volume ofproduction—give you Firestone quality, the world’s standard at low prices. 0 Send the name of your dealer and the make 30x3 9 9'40” 55me of your tires and get our Cementless Tube Patch Free Also copy of our new book “Mileage Talks." No.25 Firestone Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, O.—— Branches and Dealers Everywhere America '3 Largest Exclusive Tire and Rim Makers" Pneumatic Tires, Truck Tires, Carriage Tires, Motorcycle Tires. Rims. Tire Accessories. etc. intensive tire making that enables Firestone to yield “Most Miles per Dollar’ ’ Firestone Net Pricetl to Car-Owners Can Can Ro’ mi N - Grey M Tread slid 7"” W” 30x3% 11.90 13.35 2.60 2.90 322635 13.75 15.40 2.70 3.05 34x4 19.90 22.30 3.901 4.40 34x04 27.30 30.55 4 5.40 36x4}é 28.70 32.15 5.00 5.65 37x5 35.55 3930i 5.95 6.70 better work with less power than any husker of equal size. j ::©WH ER Food iill Crush ear corn (with or without .- ~» small shocks) and {rind all kinds of grain. Stack Thrive Best on Ground Food Bowsher Hills are difl‘erently con— structed from others. Ugh: r_ —handy to agar-ate. In 10. sues from 2 to 26 . P. Sold With or without elevator. Wo_alao make - Sweep Grinders. Write todoy. FREE 3%.; fififi'w 3. N. P. amount 00. m land. Ind. F or Sale Rebuilt Farm Machinery 6 H. Gear-Scott. 15 114-124 3m" noise. Toledo. Ohio. T35 mumsmcnm‘co- .. _ Save the stalks ! --they’re half the crop in actual feed value. The Appleton cuts or shreds the stalks; the fodder saved paying whole operating cost. First successful machine huskcr made; built by Apple- ton Standards from 43 years experience in farm machinery making. Husks cleanest, ‘ ‘ shells least; equipped with most efficient com saver. Sizes for 4 h. p.and up gasoline engine. ' PLBTON Husker & Shredder Easiest and safest to operate. Gives years of service; yet one season's income from it pays its cost. Send new for tree Appleton Husker Book. Appleton Mfg. Co., 520 Porno SL. Butuviu. lll. ROSENwRYE Best yielding rye ever discovered. Aver- age yield 41.2 bushels per acre. Price $2.00 per bushel in less than 10 bushel lots. Address 0NS'l‘lill & KERR co. Ousted, Mich. WINTER VETCH NEW CROP MICHIGAN GROWN YOUNG-RANDOLPH S EED (30.. Moo. Holman Him—sand Farm lands For 8an Only $2500 Cash 360 Acres, 25 Com, Crops, Tools. Big. rich. completely equipped money-making“ New York Stotol‘umthmwn on market by owner who has made money went- to retire and is willing to give mggnsiblo young man a chance: 11!) acres holds out so on hay be'ld- other crops. in pus- onro. valuable wood. 10m sugar maples: 8-roon nose. beautiful na‘plo shade. tolephono: 91-“. barn. I‘D-ton lilo. three 015 or hon-no. other outbuildings: near con- voulonooo. only 31‘ mile. to largo railroad town: it taken now you not S can modern machinery. dairy utensils and all hay and orous on farm at time ....... '2‘:- ms. race: rare.“ a now run: , e vs n3 ‘ om. “3’ 11. "fltrout‘o Pun Catalogue 3.“ onto today for your free copy. .. E. A. STROUT FARM AGENCY. Station 10!. University Block. Syracuse. N. Y. when you can buy the best farm land in Michi- gan at from $1250 820 an acre on easy terms. Write for particulars. STAFFELD BROTHERS. Owners. 15 Merrill Bldg. Saginaw. West Side. Mich. 135 acres. $20,000. Near Mt. ”'6“ FARM Clemens. Ask Dr. J. J. Noeker, l 511 E. Grd. Boul.. Detroit.Mlch. OWN A FARM—Never was a better time to see Gladwin Co. Make date at once for auto tour to my Improved and Un- impmved farm lands. You will never regret it. U. G. REYNOLDS. Gladwln. Michigan With or without stock. Farms want ore is and implements. in_VVayne. Mncnm“. ()nklnndnnd lvingston counties. M lch. WALTER C. PIPER. 406 Ponobscot Bldg. . Detroit. WANTE D—To hear from owner of good farm . or unimp:0ved land for sale. H. L. Downing. I04 Palace Bld¢.. Minneapolis. Minn. HA OUR NEW LOCATION— 623-6g5 Wain-h Bldg.. Pittsburgh. Pa. Dame] McCaffrey's Sons Co. Growers. _wo want. your entire crop. Highest market prices Write for stencil. THE E. L. Richmond Co.. Detroit.Mieh. Good Feed — Cheap. Salvage grains. The Bartlett Co., Jackson. Mich, F‘nMEHs—We are paying from three to five cents above the highest oflicml Detroit Market quotation for your eggs shipped direct to us by ex- press. “'rlte “a for information. It. w:ll_pay yo“, American Butter & Cheese Co., Dotrmt, Mich. and feeders. also feedi WE lilll SE”. STONE” lambs. consign hereto: or if you are in the market for feedlnv stock write or wire us. HARPSTER COMMISSION COMPANY. Toledo Union Stock Yards. Toledo, Ohio CULl. BEANS FOR FEED. 315‘”: 33831225? YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED (30., Owosso. Mich GASOLINE LAMPS Aqents wanted to sell our lamps and mant'es. Grand Rapids Novelty Co., 549 Woodlawn St. Grand Rapids. Mich .iu’iisiiffifi PAINT, $1.25 GAL. Guaranteed. Sells elsewhere now for 32.5. PAINT WAREHOUSE. 352 Beoublen. Detroit. Mich. TEA B for Rule. Wishing to not a larger tractor. I w ll sell my 8.16 I. H. O. tractor bought Mamh 1915. Favourtonnlnn r'm mud lune. lawn and small Raul-a. 3 mum? Oliver 11" plows and steering device. A“ complaint and just M m as new. M'- Ito avid :71» note tin outfit. V. B. SIMMONS. Poll Phone. K mile east of depot. North Branch. 11th oi ihe Aluminum‘l . with Solid Rubber or Leather Heels {and Rockcharsx l I '\ protection and light- ness with the easy walking comfort ' rubber No other metal soled , You can now get our 1916 im- provedshoe. Water-proof —rain- proof—snow- proof— Juncture-proof. Save $50worth rdInary sh rotect you from colds. rheumatism! ago, pneumonia. Racine Aluminum Shoes keep your feet warm and d where. Positively the most comfortab 6 “shoe you ever wore. No metal can touch you Made' In every hei ht from 6 to 16 inches. Every size from 1 to 13. oys’ shoes as well as men' 5. Prices surprisingly low. ; Get our try-on, mon_e -back reposition. Money cheerfully refunded i you mg not entirely satis- fied. Write toda for illustrated free book,‘ ‘A uminum the Sole of Health." Add 5812“! Street Racine. W‘u.’ i: ‘l'iliiiylli’ - "Ab! FROM , 0|.il CARPETS Any Size Desired AT SMALL 0081’. Price list and information as to ' amount of carpet required free. mcmnin nun co., "3 BATTLE cases. - momma. less Work By using low “Elec- tric” steel wheels on your old running ,R'Olli' Save highlifts. getlight- er rraftd revent rotting save moneyin repairs-steel w eels do not dry out or rot. Write teytoda for free catalog on Elwagons and wheels. ELECTRIC WHEEL $0.. 35!! m 32.. Quincy. Ill. Concrete Mixer Plans 31 ts d t t FREE f03°b£5$.. '31. £22 Z‘i‘ic'i’i'iir/ home- made concrete mixer invented Your mime on post. card brin all ABBO LUTELY FREE. wiiIE Sheldon I13. 00.. Box 8770, lehawka, lcbr 4000 FERRETS FOR SALE . Price list free. C. J. DIMICK. Rochester. Ohio. f POULTRY. ' ——f s t. . i , Barred Rock Cookerels .25.“??? “fiddfiitpfiifs i3? showa and breeders. W. C. Cofhnau. R. 6. Benton Harbor, Mich. BA REED RO0KS“§%Z§“ fliggfis’flfi ’ season. FRED ASTLING. Constantine, Michigan [0 BARGAIN SAL” 0F BARRED ROCKS. 200 yearling hens that have laid 140 eggs each since JAIL 1st, 1915 to Aug. i Int, 1015 an average of 20 eggs per hen per month. PricesG hens $10, 12 hone 818, 20 hens S25, 50 liens for ‘60. They are ’ pure bred. large and closely related to our first winners at Chicago, Cincinnati and Indianapolis shows. Suitable males 3 to go with them at $2 to $5 each 1500 young birds mowing. G. EARL HOOVER. R 7. Matthews. Indiana. ‘ Bait R ks 3 out of 4 firsts Chicago, 1914. Fggs iI:.Il of ‘ 0c 9 season 31.60-1 $6.400 S. C. ff-Leg . horn eggs $l-15; 35-100. Pen of l2 Buff Leghorns $10.B “20 Buff Roch Hens. 75 centsto $2. 50, including Chicago and Minne- Bird Lawn Farm, Lawrence. Mich. apolis first prize winners. ' ' ' —B i did i h t h d Pine llmiilhiie liminglons c§0§§mm°§£§ 2.38:, Belgian hares and Oollie puppies. MRS. ILLIS HOU GH Pine Crest Farm. Royal Oak. Michigan. RHODE ISLAND REDS and PLYMOU TH ROCKS. Males 5 to 12. lbs according to age$2to 85: P R. hens weight 5m 9% lbs. eggs 15 for 81. PR. eggs $5 per 100. Mammoth Bronze Tom Turkeys 8 to 38 lbs. according to age 38 to $25.10 eggs 33. A. EC.I-amp ton. Vassar Mich Rose Comb Brown Leghorn Cockerels from Mud. Bq. winners 50 ct s. up according to age. CLAUDIA BETTS Hillsdaie. Michigan. R 0. and S. O. RHODE ISLAND REDS from rize 0 strains. tine layers with long bodies and richre color. JENNIE BUELL. Ann Arbor. Michigand ALEORPINGTON Oockerels—lZ wks. 81; 8 wks. 750. 8 wks pen. 8 pullets.1 cockerel 810. B. 0. Keller- M. E. '1‘.hompson Redford Michigan. stress. white Slaughter Sale of Barred 8 White Rocks Cocks $3.00 to 85..00 Hens 81.00 to $3. 00. Young stock after September lst. Riverview Poultry Ezirndox 798. Union. City. Mich. iLVER Laced Golden and White VVsysnodotte Eggs for hntch- ing. Ten cents eIclI or 30 for idpsywporcel post charges. C.W .BRO WNING, Portion ich man. s w. c LEEHOHNS Large. heavy laying two- -year old breeding hens. £55 per 100. EVERFRESH EGG FARM Ionla, Michigan. s—50cfor15 $4.00for100. M t Willie wzflndom E523 best pens s2. 00 for 15. 33.72133? 30. DA ID RAY Forest Ave, Ypsilanti. Mich. iteP. Rocks. Pekin and white runner ducks. White ulneas. eggs and day old ducks and hick , OS'I‘E TLER. St. Johns. Michigan. 3 —————__.._ DOGS. FOX, 000", “I!“ Mill Illllllll HOUllllS Broke to gun and field. Prices right. For and Coon hound pups $6 each. Stamp forre H. C. LY’I‘LE, Fredcr cksburg.y Ohio. Mi” Fonvflu'IHG—Fombo 5&11 :Ii-gen:bbitsd‘u sent stamp. W. E. .Holmesville.‘ Ohio. HEARD a farmer say the other day, “Cut down the feed now dur- ing melting because we’re getting no eggs.” Common sense indicates that the hens should be well fed and given a variety to get them through the strain of molting with .as little damage as possible. It does not pay to starve hens or feed lightly at any time. Fat hens, well fed, molt earlier than poor ones. At our place hens are fed enough to keep them fatand we get a fair egg yield through the molt, and when winter comes they are in good condition for winter laying. Sunflower seed fed in small quantities each day is beneficial at this time and we mix a small amount of oil meal with bran and feed in hoppers to has- ten molting. ' Melting Less Severe in Small Breeds. Some hens in a flock molt as rapid- ly they become almost bare. Others molt gradually, when a feather falls there is always a new ones to take its place and you can scarcely see the change. As a rule the smaller breeds feel the molt less severely than the larger breeds. Fowls of .any bred that have a wide range sufier less se- verely from its effects than those con- fined in yards where we must supply nature’s wants. Poultry when thin of feathers are very sensitive to atmospheric changes. They need a dry shelter where they can retreat on windy, rainy days. Their quarters should be watertight and roosts so arranged that drafts cannot blow directly upon the half clothed birds. Anything that adds to O E had sixtyofive swarms of long- tongued red clover Italian bees at the time the photo on this page was taken. We sthrted in with common bees, then strain by buying good queens, paying as high as $5.00 for one, then used colonies. Half of our hives are dou4 walled, but all are kept painted; the roofs are red, rope roofing paper which has proven satisfactory. We have er, in the cellar of our home, which is ventilated ' and partitioned off for them, but'it means so much work to do this, so this fall all the bees will be moved over into chaff hives and kept in sheds out doors. Spring Management. Early in the spring we look them over and those needing feed are at- tended to. We keep all laying queens’ wings clipped and the grass mowed with a lawn mower around all hives, so it is a very easy matter to find the queen when the bees swarm, and put her in a little cage made out of wire netting in front of the hive or among the flying bees, who will never leave without her, unless they have a young queen, which is also rarely the case. If we want to increase the swarms ” "strap... a» ‘% improved the . her daughters to re-queen the other, ble-walled chaff and the rest single-' stored the bees during the cold Wealth-V THE MICHIGAN FARMER Care of Hens During the Molting Period the comfort of the hens helps to bring them to a. paying condition for winter. Under the best of conditions the proc- ess of shedding feathers is very ex- hausting. While the majority of the hens in a neglected flock may pull through successfully, many will con- tract colds and become so reduced in flesh that it will take months to build them up again, laying will be delayed and the hens will be in poor condition for the breeding season. Male Birds Molt Slowly. Hens will go through the change of plumage earlier and in less time when separated from the male birds. The Well-bred Stock is Profitable. cock’s long feathers are slow growing ——takes longer for them to molt than the hens. And we notice the old male birds are often ill natured and mis— treat the hens when eating. Best to we move the old hive back with en- trance turned half way around, and place a new hive on the old stand. This new, hive contains four frames with starters and-division board; the rest of the space is filled with a chaff cushion. ' The queen is placed ‘in the new hive in her-cake and the cluster of bees shaken in frontf They will run in as soon asthey find her, and generally go to work. We have on thisfnewhive the zinc honey board and holder of sections. As soon as the bees quiet down we liberate the queen. Those bees which are at work in the fields on returning will go into this hive and in a few days We have nearly all the Workers, and the. old hive is moved to a new, stand and all queen cells except one cut out to pre- vent further swarming. Strengthening Swarms. Sometimes when the after swarms are small we put several together, keeping one queen. If we do not want more swarms we put the queen back in the old hive and destroy all queen cells. When a [swarm goes out with a young queen, as they sometimes do when the young queen goes out to mate and they do not seem inclined to cluster, we spray them with a force pump and that generally brings them down. When they have clustered we SEPT. 11, 1915. ‘ keep, them apart from the hens until molt is completed; they do well in small quarters it kept clean and dry. Stimulants and tonics are not need- .ed as long as molting fowls are well fed and cared for. We must see that their roosting places are clean and free from lice and that drinking water is fresh and clean. We like to cull out the weaklings and old stuff at this season then we have more room and time to care for hens that are grow- ing new jackets. Indiana. FRANCES WOOD. PURCHASE NEW STOCK IN THE FALL. In introducing new blood into the flock through the purchase of either males or females, it is always advis- able to purchase the new birds during late summer or early fall. When this is done one can be quite sure of get- ting early-hatched cockerels or pul- lets as no breeder would think of dis- posing of his late-hatched stock at this time, as the birds are not yet fully grown. If, however, the purchase is delayed until just before the breed- ing season, as is frequently done, one cannot tell the early-hatched from those hatched several months‘late, as all are fully grown or nearly so. Another advantage of purchasing birds during the late summer or early fall is that the birds will have time to become accustomed to the changed environments and the. changed man- ner of feeding. Indiana. '1‘. Z. RICHEY. Managing the Bcc Business for Profit find the queen, who will be running around on the outside of the bunch, put her in a cage and then put the bees in a hive. Heretofore we have run our apiary principally for comb honey. My hus- band gets out all hives, sections, hold- ers and fences himself during spare time. He has a buzz-saw which is run by a two and a half horsepower gasoline engine. We use full sheets of foundation in the sections, which are placed in holders. We have these ready for use a long time before the time for swarming, generally two holders of 24 sections for each hive. Selling the Honey. Before selling our honey every sec- tion is cleaned of propolis and graded carefully. We have no trouble getting a good price for all we can produce. One year we shipped over 1,000 lbs. to a firm in Columbus, Ohio, packed so carefully that not a single g Section was broken in transit. {Mynhusband stamps his name an‘d'addres's‘on all sections. We use 4x'5 plain sections. We always have some extracted hon- ey, and when we sell that it is also labeled. I think a neat label attracts the eye and it is also a guarantee that the article is good, for on one would care to put his name on an inferior article. Mus. H. HAYNES. .The Well Managed Apiary of Sixty-five swarms, Belonging to Harvey! Ha ynes, of Branch county. p urn-a .r—qu- - .vv .7 g l '3 SEPT. 11, 1915. THE MICHIGAN FARMER -' PLEASE TAKE NOTICE! Any One of These'Articles Free for a Small V Club or at a Low Cost. Patent Tension Shears Good quality of material, eight inches long, with patent adjusta- Ole spring tension bolt, preventing the blades from spreading, and giving a clean cut the full length. We have sent out thousands of. these with excellent reports from users and they have been one of our most popular premiums. Shears alone, Free for sending a club of two subscribers to the Michigan Farmer. ‘ The Michigan Farmer, one year s .50 OUR PR‘CE Tension Shears, value ................. .50 BOP£F§IIL7OC Or with the Michigan Farmer 3 years $1.20; 5 years $1.70. BOYS WATCH. Every boy, young or old, would be proud to carry one of these watches. It is 16 size, with a nickel case. Stem set and wind. Regular watch movement with hair spring. Guaranteed by the makers and repaired free of charge for one year, if given ordi- nary care. Any boy who really wants a watch can easily earn one in one afternoon. The watch alone free for sending three subscrip- tions to the Michigan Farmer. 11.. Michigan Farmer. 1 ,... s .50 i’é’i‘upiici‘s Boys Watch. value 1- mourn.» \\\‘\§\\\\\§\\\\\\\\ \s‘w‘ “3303 . . ._ ““‘h‘ “\ ‘ ‘Y \ :‘\~\\ .g \ ._ ‘ not. waeucn. l Farmers Ideal Combination Wrench Six Handy Farm tools in one. A pipe wrench, nut wrench, a screw driver and three dies for cleaning up and rethreading rusted and battered threads. Dies fit all standard bolts used on standard farm machinery. Requires no adjustment, never slips. Will work in clos- er quarters than any other wrench. Every farmer should carry one of these handy little wrenches on a binder, reaper, mower, etc. They are light, strong, compact and easily carried in the nip pocket. The Michigan Farmer, one year 3 .50 OUR PRICE Combination Wrench, Value .50 BO? r1u§5c osr Or with the Michigan Farmer 3 years $1.35, 5 years $1.85. Wrench alone free for sending a club of two subscribers to The Michigan Farmer. lilnason’s Veterinary Hand Book and System of Horse. Training. Practically two books in one. . Part One: The Discovery and Practice of Vet- erinary Science, Diseases of Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Pgiultry, Swine, Dogs and Birds, and their Rem- e es. Part TWO: System of Horse-training Devised and Practiced by Prof. Gleason. This System was investigated by the United States Congress and ordered for use in the United States Army. The book has 500 pages, Is bound in Heavy Paper Covers and Illustrated. The Michigan Farmer, 1 yea,- 5 .50 33%;;10]; Gleason’s Herse BOO!" value '50 POSTPAID. Or with the Michigan Farmer 3 years $1.30; 5 years $1.75. Book alone, Free for sending a club of two subscribers to the Michigan Farmer. Ropp’s New Commercial Calculator and Short-Cut Arithmetic This Calculator is the latest edition and is absolutely up—to—date. 'It will prevent mistakes, relieve. the mind, save labor, time, money and do all of your figuring easrly, quickly and accurately. We believe this Calculator to be the most complete and conven— ient book for practical use ever published. It contains short-cuts, hundreds of simple rules and original methods for easy and rapid calculation, and millions of accurate anewers to business examples and practical problems. It you prefer the simplest, shortest and easiest way to do your work you need this book. It enables you to become quick at figuring. The usefulness of the table is that the complete answer is seen at a glance, without having to find and read several partialanswers. This book is 6% inches long and 3% inches wide, has 160 pageS. with cloth binding and title in black ink. . The Michigan Farmer, 1 year $ -50 OUR mm“ Ropp’e Calculator, value ~50 BOPE‘E’AIZ5C Or mm the Michigan Farmer 3 yrs. $1.25; 5 yrs. $1.75. -fingers on the buttons—the right N0 Keys—Merely Press the Buttons Here’s a lock that requires No Key—no knobs to turn—no clicks to count. To open it, just put your buttons, and pinch—~just a little ‘bit. It flies open at once. But if you don’t know the right buttons, you cannot open it—and you can- not pick it, for there’s nothing to pick. Opening the No-Key Pad- lock when you know the combina— tion is just as simple as turning on the electric light. The Only Practical Keyless Lock Is indispensible to the owner of an automobile, motorcycle, boat or bicycle. It is the most conven— ient and practical padlock to lock speed and spark levers, tool boxes. to remove gloves or wash greasy extra tires, garages, etc. No need hands—mo use for matches as the lock can be operated as quickly and easily in the dark as in the light. It is the best lock ever devised for locking the stable, the machine and tool house, or any of the out- buildings. There are no bothersome keys to mislay or forget, to send for or go after, to take from your pocket, to look for on a key ring {among numerous other keys, or to hide away for others to find and 0 use. The Michigan Farmer, 1 year $ .50 OUR m": No Key Padlock, value $1.00 BOTH Al ' P Or with the Michigan Farmer 3 yrs. $1.75; 5 yrs. $2.25. a l.25 D Myers’ “Aw! for All ” LOCK STITCH SEWING AWL, with straight and curved needles. Makes a lock stitch with one thread and one operation. For har- ness, sacks, canvas or any heavy sewing. Regular price of this awl 0 is $1.0 . OUR rarer. The Michigan Farmer, one year $ .50 Myers' Lock Stitch Awl, value 1.00 B 010151.], ArQDOC Or with the Michigan Farmer 3 years $1.40; 5 years $1.90. Free for a club of two subscribers to the Michigan Farmer. Send your order to the Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Mich. “Presto” the “All-in-One” Razor Strop This strap is made from the finest horsehide leather, tanned by special processes, then chemically treated with “all-in-one” solution. This preparation is so thoroughly incorporated in the leather than it is guaranteed not to peel, wear, scrape or wash off. Any man can strop a razor with as keen an edge as can the most expert barber. A few strokes on the sharpening side, followed by a like number on the finishing side does the trick. The lot we have purchased are “Extra. Strong” and it requires but little strapping to bring a dull blade to a hair-splitting edge. The Michigan Farmer, one year $ .50 OUR PRICE Presto Razor Strop, value 1.00 8011:0211, §D! .00 Or with the Michigan Farmer 3 years $1.50, 5 years $2.00. Stropvalone, free for sending a. club of two subscriptions to the Michigan Farmer. A Genuine High Grade Razor. Not a cheap razor such as is generally used as a premium. It is made of best steel, ivory handle, hollow groundponcave blade; hon~ ed and stropped ready for use. Guaranteed to give satisfaction. The Michigan Farmer, one year $ .50 Bogllilijillgfil 00 Extra Fine Razor, big value at ...... 1.00 POSTPAID . Or with the Michigan Farmer 3 years $1.50; 5 years $2.00. Razor alone, Free for sending a club of two subscribers to the Michigan Farmer. Address all orders to The Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Mich. A4 % THE MICHIGAN FARM-ER SEPT. 11, 1915. wm DoAllY V r "we Culliveii “Mgsrenfib 'Ifikecqma‘ ATreeIor. It Does uMore Different Kinds Of FermWork Then Any TrecIor Built. Pay: For Itself In One Year.- e Day a. ay a Day a Day bile Men Mews 86 Acres One Mencultlvatel 81 a Day Acres e Day IIe CRAWLER aA‘lwazesM GeIsA fFooIII hold-A III! In" Ground Les: ThenA an») On Any Kind OF Soil. _ Write ForA'll'Ihe Facts New JOLIEI OIL mum C0 692 BENTON 81‘. JOLIE? ILL. —the famous motor press that is makin clear 'profits of $10, $15. $20 a day for shrewd everywhere. Makes it own power (4, 6, or 8m H. P.) from simple gas engine on same truck. Both Press he made in our own factory. You can Break (All Baling Records In your neighborhmd with the fast working Band- wich MotorP ress. Sure certain operation—solid salable bales. Friction clutch right on ress. Heavy “can ’tslip" steel chain belt. Simpe self feeder and block dropper. E ne wit h Magneto We e Horse and Belt ower too. Get Our Book —"'I’eoe1'e|l"-—pecked from cover to cover withve Inable hay “Marti?“ Sghoiw Inheri’tusl 631m Wabbit profits you consume]: wI res. fin“- nu. Write I'Io om Address "n" SANDWICH IFS. 00., 5140“ 811. WHJU. men ,ceuuoll III-m. la. lo: 514. m Gimme. 5’05!!an M/127éfi/yflf/ THE CONS'U M ER’S DOLLAR Continued from Page 222) products are both cheap and good. Large selling organizations realize this condition and the necessity for educating the public as to what and when to buy. The advertising cam- paign started recently by the north- western apple shippers is designed to teach the public when to buy their leading varieties of apples in order to get them when they are cheap and of the best quality. These growers have realized that if their rapidly increas- ing output is to go into consumption at profitable prices for the grower they must educate people to buy ad- vantageously and intelligently if peo- lple are to eat more apples and more people eat apples. Assisting the Dealer. Theshippers of oranges are making every effort to supply the retailer with sales helps, to give him material with which to trim his windows, to show him how to arrange his fruit in an attractive way, and how—if he will work on a reasonably small margin-— he can dispose of his fruit with such rapidity that he will always have only fresh perishables. Few retailers make volume of business their chief aim and their overhead costs always re- main high. The average retailer is slow to take advantage of these efforts on the part of the shipper. The grower has real- ized that Only by helping the retailer can he help himself, but the average retailer is reluctant to believe that such advances on the part of shippers Will work to their mutual advantage. As a general thing the average re- tailer prefers to handle two boxes of apples at a profit of one dollar each than to handle five at a profit of fifty cents each and he stubbornly refuses to improve his policy. This means that fewer people can enjoy apples and that the supply will not go into consumption as rapidly as it should nor with the returns which the grow- er has a right to expect. And even the retailer himself is not receiving benefit. The grocer is cautious about buying more perishables than his ac- customed trade will move off and chooses to buy the usual quantity and hold it at a wide margin of profit rather than take the risk of buying on a low market and working up a demand for the goods. Make Fruit the Goat. While the retailing'priceon canned goods and staples is usually more or leSS under the influence of the manu- facturer who allowsthe grocer only a small profit, in fruits and produce the retailer readily sees an opportunity to quote the highest price which compe- tition will permit. The general busi- ness depression throughout the coun- try this year tempted the groceryman to try to derive a larger proportion of his profits from perishables after he found that he could not move his reg- ular grocery stock at the’fixed prices of the manufacturer. Under this con- dition the much abused middle-man often conducted his business at an ac- tual loss and yet complaining that the fruit did not move as it should. Good Business Sense Needed. While the demand for fresh fruits and produce has unquestionably de- creased this year because of the coun- try’s low buying power, the retailer, by keeping his prices above what is reasonable is making much larger profits than were before possible be- cause of the low cost prices. And it is likely that many jobbers’ salesmen are telling the retailer how much profit he can make on a box of or- anges, or of apples to make a sale, rather than looking ahead and show- ing him how on a small margin he may build up a lively demand, effect a rapid turn-over and have a more at- tractive stock by making more fre- quent purchases. Such methods mean that the retailer without increasing hisown profits, stagnates the markets and deprives people of commodities which should be within their reach. Many salesmen, blind to the future, overstock a retailer so that the result- ant loss discourages ,him from hand- ling fruit. Our-Grocery Business. The chief weakness in the present retailing system is the incompetency of the-men engaged in it. The aver- age retailer is the poorest sort of a. business man, or, more correctly, no business man at all. At the present time there are in the United States approximately 300,000 retail stores handling fruit. Approxi- mately 200,000 of these are groceries. Of the latter, one-half have a capital of less than $1,000; 56,000 have a cap- ital of from $1,000 to $3,000; 28,000 have a capital of from $3,000 to $5,000. Over 25 per cent of the grocers go out of business each year and new ones take their places. At the present time probably 60 per cent of the gro- cers of this country are bankrupt and would have to close their stores should the wholesale dealers shut off their credit. The grocery business is not as at- tractive as it was at one time. This means that the better men gravitate toward [other vocations. Few grocers ever amass any great wealth. Most of them are poor. In modern times the percentage of gr0cers who occupy high positions in their community life is small. \Nith the lowering of the type of manager and clerk the effi- ciency has decreased. Comparatively Few Grocerymen Know their Work Well. The writer visited nearly 3,000 re- tail grocers between the Mississippi and the Atlantic and found but a mere handful who had analysed their busi- ness sufficiently to possess any infor- mation regarding costs profits, losses, and points which any business man would have had figured to a nicety. Most of the average dealers thought that tea, coffee, spices and meat brought the most money into their cash drawer but were completely baf- fled when questions regarding per- centage of profit or markup, cost of doing business and other factors were mentioned. A few said emphatically that there was not money to be made any more in perishables because ev- ery sort of store was handling them. Producer will Force New Conditions. The present retailing system is on the verge of a transformation which will be no less important to both pro- ducers and consumers than was .the co-operative selling agency to the wholesale marketing field. The super- ficial clamor of the consuming public has failedto bring about the results desired. But the producer, himself, is coming to see the .importance of the retailing system on his own success and it will be from that source that a solution may be expected. During the first of the year the Ya- kima Valley Fruit Growers’ Associa- tion unanimously passed the follow- ing resolution: “Resolved, that this meeting ex— press its hearty approval of every ef- fort which has been made in the past to build its own marketing agency whereby the products of our orchards are brought direct to the wholesalers and the retailers of the country, and to secure for these products the wid- est sort of distribution, and “Resolved, that we instruct our rep- resentatives to do everything in their power to hasten the time when all of our products shall be offered direct to the trade without the intervention of brokerage firms, commission men and commission houses.” Can Producers Support a Retailing System? The expression of such sentiment has been particularly frequent on the part of other producers during the past season when most markets suf- fered from the country’s low buying power. Such ideas, probably hastily conceived, are only the forerunners- of forces which will transform the re- tailing system and reorganize it upon new principles to both producer’s and consumer’s advantage. It is fundamentally unsound for any organization handling perishables to attempt to maintain its own retailing complex organization or take the risks involved. To sell through fewer re- tailers would curtail consumption. People do not hunt and shop around to buy fruit and perishables. Most of them buy because they see fruit at ev- ery turn in the street. The more places there are to buy appls the more times a purchase of apples is going to suggest itself to the consumer and the more apples there will be eaten. If more stores would emulate that type which we termed the popular market a great stride in the improve- ment of the retailing system would have been made. These stores aim at volume. By carrying their business on a cash or cash-on-delivery basis they reduce costs and losses. By re- fusing to make over a specified per- centage of profit (and that a very low one) on any commodity and by mak- ing every commodity earn its space they secure an enormous trade. A public market store of this type in Providence, R. 1., does a three million dollar business every year. A Genius May be Needed. But these stores are few and the number is not increasing sufficiently to materially improve the question. The acreage of lemons, grape fruit, oranges, apples, peaches, grapes, mel- ons, and other products is increasing with such tremendous rapidity and so far in excess of the population gains that drastic steps have become almost necessary. It may be that the chain stores, or the public markets, or the huxters and push cart vendors can solve the problem. Some believe that a genius will yet be found who can work out a scheme where growers of like pro- ducts can mingle their commodities and distribute them through their jointly—owned retailing system. Per- haps the public may be induced to change its mind and shun expensive service. Or, what is more probable and more practical, growers and grow- er’s organizations will come to con- sider the jobber and retailer as their salesmen—salesmen Who share the risks of distribution. Producers will aim to increase the number of retail- ers and not to eliminate them. They will take them into their confidence, co- operate with them. Give them not only good products and dependable service but teach them better business methods and they will advertise to move the perishables from the retail- er’s store} After all it is the retailer who sells the bulk of the farmer’s products. If he is a good business man he will sell what the people want in the kind of store and in the manner that people want them sold. Poor goods, dishon- esty, and an over- supply clog the mar- keting channels. You can sell goods to any man once. But he won’t take any more until those are gone. Show him how to create a demand. Help him sell. That means a re-order for you. FEEDING LAMBS DIFFICULT TO SECURE. The Chicago quarantine regulations have prevented the sales of feeder lambs or sheep in that market, and Omaha has been getting most of the trade, a fair to good class of feeder lambs selling there for $7. 50@8. 15, with an $8. 30 top a short time ago. Feeding yearlings and old sheep are very scarce. It is almost certain that there will be a greatly inadequate sup- ply of feeding lambs and sheep this year and that high prices will prevail. Lambs have been selling on the Chi- cago market of late higher than a year ago, and the same holds true of year- lings, wethers and ewes, although the advance is wholly disproportionate to the great reduction in the supply. ( 7n SEPT. 11, 1915. 'WWWWWWI i' “ Grange. Our Mottoz—“The farmer is of more consequence than the farm, and should be first improved.” THE GRANGE AND CO-OPERATION. mummumwnuufi lllhlllllllllllllllulllll E E g E % One of the chief functions of the Grange is to create a greater interest in general agriculture, promote ag- ricultural interests and instruct the farmer in the most modern and eco- nomical methods of conducting farm operations. It is not the farmer who makes two blades of grass grow where but one grew before,.that is the best farmer, or the greatest benefactor to his race, but the one who grows the extra blades at the least expense and leaves the soil in a better state of fer- tility than when he took it. It is not to be understood that the sole function of the Grange is that of imparting in- struction, or conveying knowledge,‘ but it has a much higher motive—that of developing a higher type of citizen- ship. Literally speaking, the Grange does not teach agriculture nor agricul- tural methods, but teaches men and women. Agriculture is only a means to an end, the tool used to sharpen afford to finance such a gigantic and the individual. Agriculture is the foundation upon which rests all industrial and com- mercial structures. All wealth either comes out of the soil or from beneath the soil. The farmer is therefore the most important factor in developing the prosperity of the state or nation, and ought to be the chief concern of the government. He feeds and clothes the world. When crops fail all must 'suffer with him. Those who attack his interests injure themselves. Should the foundation give way, the house cannot stand. Every human being en- gaged in a legitixute business should be the' farmer’s friend. But important as the farmer is, he is under no obli- gation, either legally or morally, to feed and clothe the world without just compensation for his labor. He has the natural right to name the lowest price at which his products shall sell when placed on the market. This right is claimed by every man who makes an article of commerce. The power to fix prices determines what the profits shall be, and who shall get them. If gamblers, speculators and commission men fix the price of farm products, the profits derived therefrom will go to them. This is good for them, but bad for,the farmer and the consumer, as it tends to impoverish the community in which the products were procured, as well as the commu- nity where they are consumed. Good prices and good times are in- separable, just as low prices and hard times go hand in hand. In all the an- nals of the world there is not to be found a single exception to this rule. We seek to make good times perma- nent by establishinggood prices for farm products. Good prices and good marketing facilities are more essential to successful farming than soil fertil- ity._ It is a self-evident fact that the farmer who farms his farm has a bet- ter right to fix the minimum price on the fruits of his labor, than the specu- lator who farms the farmer. The chief difference between the farmer and the trust magnate lies in the fact that the trust magnate works every body for himself, and the farmer works himself for everybody. (To be continued). COMING EVENTS. Washtenaw Pomona Grange will meet with Ypsilanti Grange, in the Masonic Temple, Tuesday, Sept. 14. A well arranged program is prepared and will include memorial services, a play, “The Ten Virgins,” and an ad- dress by Mrs. C. J. C. Woodman. state speaker. on the subject, “Temp- erance,” besides the regular music and recitations. THE MICHIGAN FARMER Address all communications relative to the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. J. S. Brown, Howell, Mich. Associational Motto: “The skillful hand with cultured mind is the farmer’s most valuable asset.” Associational Sentiment: “The Farmer: He garners from the soil the primal wealth of nations.” SEED CORN DAY. In view of the backward condition of the corn crop in that state, the Ag- ricultural Extension Division of the University of Minnesota has issued an appeal to the Farmers’ Clubs of the state to carefully consider the seed corn question at the next meeting of the Club, or at a special meeting call- ed for the purpose if need be. The plan suggested for adoption is the setting apart of a day to be known as Seed Corn Day, on which date all Club members will select from their own fields, or from some field of ma- tured corn in the neighborhood upon arrangement with the owner, a sulfi- cient amount of seed corn for next year’s planting. It is suggested that the day be rounded out by a general picnic or meeting, in connection with which a boys’ and girls' seed-selection contest might be carried out. In this way a most enjoyable day might be spent by the members, each one of whom would also make sure of suffi- cient seed corn for next year’s plant- ing. This suggestion would be as practi- cal for Michigan Clubs as for those of Minnesota. This is a kind of work which is in line with the practical sug‘ gestions made in this department last week in the article urging upon Club members the importance of broaden- ing the practical work of the local Clubs. CLUB DISCUSSIONS. Quantity vs. Quality.—The Conway Union Farmers’ Club was entertained at the home of Mr. and Mrs. James Wilkinson, Friday, August 27. First subject, “which pays the better, quan- tity or quality of crops on the farm, and which gives the better results?” was opened by O. E. Carr, who said he was better satisfied with a good qualityz great prospects for corn this year if it can get ripe. Sumner Grant opened the discussion and thought quality pays best; he aims to raise good quality of crops, gives better re- sults in the long run. J. B. Rambo would select good seed, work and pre- pare a good seed bed and the result Will be both quality and quantity. Farm Tractors.——George Stow told of what he saw at the tractor show, first giving an outline of the trip by auto to Chicago, left machine and went by rail from Chicago to Cham— paign, seat of Illinois State Univer- SIty, where tractor demonstration was held. Thirty companies were repre- sented, about 100 machines, besides several companies exhibiting plows and other equipment. Tractors of two, three and four wheel type, also one, two and four-cylinder machines were exhibited. Thorne Snyder gave a brief description of the plowing. Each company had a norrow strip of land on which to demonstrate; about lbout 10,000 people witnessed the plowing, but on account of unfavorable weather no plowing contest was held to determine the best machine as to fuel consumption, etc. The Family Homer—“Which should be given the first place on the farm, the automobile or the old family horse?” Mrs. Snyder said they had but one old horse left but it was afraid of autos, but thought it nice to have a safe horse on the farm for any member of the family to drive. Dis- cussion led by Mrs. N. Franks. A fam- ily horse is much- needed, especially for younger members of the family to go on errands, etc. The question box was well filled, much interest shown. and many helpful hints gleaned. The next meeting will be with Mrs. Joseph Franks in Fowlerville.-—-Mrs. George Stow, Cor. Sec. HEALTH UNDERWEAR ‘FOR MEN Safety First, Last and All the Time—against Sudden Chills, Colds, Pneumonia and Rheumatism. Famous over half a century for its superior qualities. Every garment shaped to the figure and guaranteed not to shrink. Glutenbury Two-Piece, Flat Knit Spring-Needle Underwear is made in fifteen grades, several 'Weights of fine wools, worsted and merino. See special feature of adjustable drawer bands on Natural Gray Wool, winter welgmper garment S I .50 Natural Gray Wool. winter welsh! (double thread) ................. per garment Natural Gray Worsted. "9'" w M Natural Gray Australian Lamb’s Wool, light weight ............... per garment Natural Gray Worsted, medium weight .................................. per garment Natural Gray Australian Lamb’s Wool, winter weight ............ rer garment For Sale by loading Dealers. _ Write for booklet—samplDe euttéings. Yours for the asking. ept. 3. Glastonbury Knitting Company, Glastonbury, Conn. J / WEST MICHIGAN STATE FAIR Grand Rapids, September 20 to 24 GRAND $10,000.00 AVIATioN ME W ,/ j “m French, German and Italian Air Pilots: in a Thrilling, Spectacular 2’ “ Battle In the Clouds" See the Sensational Aerial Warfare Every Day ' lOO-THRILLING ATTRACTIONS- 100 ‘ The n Joy Zone" Daylight Fireworks Aeroplanes Auto Show Day and Night Auto Races Horse Races Wild West Show Band Concerts Free Attractions American, Live Stock and Dairy Show, Poultry Show, Agriculture and Horticulture, Dog Show, i Farm Machinery 5 and Implements. West Michigan State , Fair Grand Rapids, September 20 to 24 l 230—30 THE MICHIGAN“ 'FiA-R‘MER troughs,'etc., destroys erms an outhouses, etc. Ir. "m Firm and stable. Sold underamoney-back J . Magummflor uarantee. Put up in pints, quarts. " . _,“ \‘ . flakes ' gait-gallons. gallons and barrels. ' ' - \ J": HOOK y” u .l ' mmlori- / l \ DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland. Ohio i, A / 4" Z2" we. , I We ’4 .’ f f I . . ', ,1 , , \ V i 5 , W , ./ ,/ .’ ~ I .‘ ' / ' \ § ,1 ‘ W/j/ Mil/7’ ‘ - ; _ s .. \\ ) l)» _' x 7:; , . w s \\ , :I'f'r’l I . \ - as I ’/. . A g P ;' —§§\\\ . ’4 s (.2; -- ‘ . nn ‘\\\\\“ 7/ 1.1" v .- {g/ .— . I. "/// . ,. fig/40’ o ' , 'l / / w. I / .fl ". a/fll’ ‘ / "9/ i a}? . a/y/ /. ' ' I)!p Your Hogs—Spray the Pens TO PREVENT DISEASE Remember 1914? The stock diseases that swept over and ravished farms eve where? I wonder how much longer farmers are going 0 try raising health stock without disinfecting, dipping, common, every The man who dips his hogs, spra 5 his pens, stables. keeps the air ure and sweet with Dr. Hess ip and Disinfectant, need ave ‘ IT. liftle fear of disease. Here are a few pomters about . llr. [less Dip "and Disinfectant ' One Gallon Makeo 70 to 160 c-nons Solution ~ ,, 2% It is both a stock dip and disinfectant, saving the expense of buying / two preparations. It is uniform in strength—nomporsonous and non- irritating. It kills lice on farm stock and disease erms; cures ,» parasitic skin diseases. It is a sure remedy for scab an sheep ticks. g— ,.- ~\ It is a reliable disinfectant for Sinks, drains, troughs, garbage cans, y cleanliness. Good alike for home gull|IIHilllllllmllIll!l"Milli“Illl"llllIllIIllllllllIIlllI!llllllllllI||llliilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllWHILEI s - ' g s Veterinary. g a!|llllllllllllllllllllllll|ll|IlllIlllIIlIIlIllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllIllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllifi CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S. Advice through this department is free to our subscribers. munication should state history and symptoms of the case in full; also name and address of writer. Initials only will be published. Many quer- ies are answered that apply to the same ailments. If this column is watched carefully you will probably find the desired information in a re- ply that has been made to someone else. When reply by mail is request- ed. it becomes private practice, and a fee of $1.00 must accompany letter. Wounded Udder—Nervous Mare.——-I have a cow that tore two of her teats two months ago, since then she has not done well and our local Vet. re- moved one of the teats, also gave me medicine to dry her, boils have ap- peared on different parts of udder. I also have a mare 11 years old that is of a. nervous temperament and when driven perspir‘es quite freely. F. B., Mancelona, Mich—Apply equal parts of powdered alum, oxide of zinc, bor- acic acid and charcoal to wounds on udder twice a day. Give her a 1/2 oz. . of Donovan’s solution of arsenic three times a day. Your mare is perhaps in a normal condition, but one of the kind that becomes easily excited and perspires readily. I suggest that she be handled quietly, kindly and if heav- ily coated, clip her. Indigestion—4 have a two-year-old 5 high grade heifers 1 year old. The above cattle are bred 4 good mares. 3 yearling colts. All farm implements, etc. AUCTION SALE Complete Dispersal at Lamb, Michigan Wednesday, September 1 5, 1 9 15 0f the Following Property: Registered cow, 5 yrs. old, by J ubilee’s Stockwell, just fresh. Registered cow, 4 yrs. old, by Noble Mon Plaisir, just fresh. Registered cow, 3 yrs. old, by Combination ’s Premier, due Sept. 18. Registered cow, 3 yrs. old, by Noble of Oaklands, fresh July 8. Purebred heifer, 1 yr. old, by Majesty’s Western King. Purebred heifer, 9 mos. old, by Viola’s Houpla. Purebred heifer, 2 mos. old, by J ubilee’s Flying F 0x. Purebred heifer, 3 weeks old; by J ubilee’s Flying Fox. Registered bull, 2 yrs. old, a grandson of Champion’s Flying Fox. 7 high grade cows fresh or due soon. Cause of sale; have rented farm. starts at 10 o’clock sharp. Write for further particulars. Maplewood Farm, E. D. DeGraw, Manager for milk and butter production and represent Home Farm, Tiffin, Ohio; Elemendorf Farm, Lexington, Kentucky, and Oakcroft, Jackson, Michigan. 7 Berkshire sows with litters or due soon. Usual terms. Sale {heifer that has belched up food occa- =sionally for the past 30 days, but she appears to be well. V. E., Levering, Mich—Give her 1 oz. doses of hype- sulphite of soda with her feed three times a day, or dissolve it in a quart of water and give it as a drench and in a week or ten days if she shews improvement gradually reduce dose of medicine. Sore Teats.—Kindly advise treat- ment for cow with sore teats. This same cow has had two different at- tacks of garget since she came fresh and is now not giving much milk. H. ‘D., Pewamo, Mich—Apply one part oxide of zinc and four parts vaseline to sore teats twice a day. Give her a teaspoonful of powdered nitrate of potash at a dose in feed twice a day. Spasm of Larynx.—‘——Recently I lost by death two shoats that weighed Michigan Livestock Insurance 00. Capital Stock—$100,000. Surplus—$100,000 Home Office—Saginaw. Michigan. Only Home Co. in Michigan. COLON C. ”1.1.": President. H. J. WELLS, -:- Secretary-Treasurer. lEARN nucuonsrmnc at Work” 0“le and Greatest School and become independent with no capital invested. Every brancgi o; the Pusiness taught in 5 weeks. er toda or reecaao. JONtES’ NYAT’L SCHOOL 3OF A UCTIONEERING, 28 N. Sacramento Blvd., Chicago. Ill. Carey M. Jones, Pres. AGENTS WANTED to represent a reliable concern can-- vassing among farmers in your own neighborhood or elsewhere. No expe- rience necessary. Liberal pay, and supplies furnished free to right part- ies. Reference required. Address, IDVEHIISEI. BABE lllE Illilllfilll FAIMEB, ' Detroit, Michigan 0 You can go Till D e e p deep with- Give the roots a chance Pnugtugtrrlahgh, stones or manure. You can at the same time pul- verize and level. For thrifty crops rely upomthe forgcd sharp, peggtratmg disks of Cutawa new free book, “The Soil and ItsTillage." Get your copy now. CUTAW'AY HARROW COMPANY Maker of the original C LA RK dis/ll Imrraw: andpla'w: 992 Main St. Ilium-In. Con. Th D0146]! .s' - - A ttiou 0‘!“sz f.“ not: one Itarrmgr Disk Harrow—Single or Double Action—light in draft and built for a lifetime. . Reverstble. If your dealer has not the gemfmg Cutaway, write to us direct. Be sure to write us for our nearly 100 lbs. each. I fed them just Iplain swill, a fit of coughing and chok- ing set in which lasted about 30 min- utes, then the hog was dead. The last one that died showed a little dif- ferent-symptoms and I opened them, but failed to find anything wrong. D. O’C., Cloverdale, Mich—«Your hogs die the result of spasm of larynx or a closing of threat which is perhaps caused by feeding cold drinks. If you meet with another case rub throat with spirits of camphor every hour or two, and give spirits of camphor in small doses, every 30 minutes. ' Barren Sows.—~—Il have two Chester- white sows 11 and 14 months old, that do not come in heat. W. E. S.,- Mt. Clemens, Mich—Give each of .them 10 grs. ground nux vomica and 60 grs. iof powdered capsicum at a dose in ’feed twice a day. Limberneck.—I would like some in- formation on a poultry disease called limberneck. Our chickens are affect- ed. It seems to affect them when they are about only half grown. Their necks are limber as a cord, they have no control of head, which hinders them from eating or drinking, and even walking. They travel in a circle until they topple over and starve to death in the course of two or three days. We have lost ten fine pullets, have some sick now, and would like to know cause as well as cure for this disease. Mrs. G. E., Jackson, Mich.— Limberneék is usually caused by eat- ing decayed flesh or other kinds of food containing ptomaine. It is pop- ularly believed that eating maggots will cause this ailment, but it‘ is not the case. It is the decomposed meat containing ptomaine of some kind that causes this peculiar condition of fow1s. If fowls could vomit their life might be saved after eating, but when food is once taken into the crop, it usually remains there unless taken out artificially or digested. If taken in the first stages, opening the crop and removing its entire contents, then stitching up the skin and crop, a . whole lot of cases will recover. In mild cases a dose of castor oil or ep- som salts will often work very well, and I have known good results to fol- low giving a small dose of camphor and a dessertspoonful of kerosene oil, also fairly good results may belob- tained by giving a dessertspoonful of peroxide of hydrogen in an ounce or two of olive oil. You should change prevent further loss. - your fowls’ feed and their run. This- will perhaps remove the cause and SEPT. it, "use Kidney Disease—I have a four-year- old colt that has kidney trouble sev- eral times a week and these spells last about one day; he perspires fre‘e- ly and I believe it is on account of his suffering pain. What had I better give him? E. V., Camden, Mich.—I 'am inclined to believe that the sick spells you speak of are perhaps at- tacks of acute indigestion and, of course, the kidneys are always inac- tive while pain lasts. Mix together equal parts acetate of potash, ground ginger, gentian and charcoal, give a tablespoonful at a dose in feed two or three times a. day. Hernia—Have a two-month-old filly that has a breach about the size of a small hen egg which I noticed only a few days ago. I have applied a band- age and will continue usingit until I_ hear from you. N., Charlevoix, Mich—Unless the rupture causes pain you had better leave the. filly alone until autumn, then have her operated on by a skilled Vet. and she will get well. Bandaging and using a pad is proper treatment; however, if the her- nia is not extensive, it is perhaps un- necessary. Weakness.—We have a 12-year-old horse that was brought from Ohio early‘last spring, which appears to be weak and often stops, acting as though he wanted to urinate. A. M., McBain, Mich—Give him 1 dr. of ground nux vomica, % oz. of ground gentian and 2 drs. of acetate of pot- ash at a dose twice a day. Chronic Cough—My horses had dis- temper last spring; since then they are inclined to cough when exerted. R. F. F., Whittemore, Mich.—Mix to- gether equal parts of powdered licor- ice, ginger, gentian and charcoal, and give a tablespoonful at a dose two or three times a day. Fistula—We have a colt ten weeks old that has had a running sore on side of head between eye and ear since it was a week old. Some days it discharges very little, other days not so much. . D., Allendale, Mich—Perhaps the diseased bone should be curetted, then apply one part carbolic acid and 19 parts water, or apply one part iodoform and seven parts powdered alum daily. Ulcerated Cornea—We are having trouble in our herd of cattle in the form of a growth in the eye which starts with a small pimple on the eye ball and gradually forms pus. What- ever it is, it usually produces blind- ness as it covers the entire eyeball. F. 8., Flint, Mich—If there is any pus on eye, apply one part peroxide of hydrogen and four parts water to clean eye ball, then-blow on some cal- omel once or twice a day; this should clear the eye ball. Another very good lotion is made by dissolving 80 grs. of borate of soda, 80 grs. of boracic acid in half a pint of water and applying (tlhis to the eye two or three times a ay. - . Congestion of Udder.—,—I have a cow that has been fresh twice and is soon to come fresh again. Both times her udder has been caked very bad and I thought perhaps you could tell me what I had better do. F. M., Belle- ville, Mich.——It is possiblethat your cow should be partially milked twice a day before she-freshens; however, this is only justifiable if the udder is congested and inclined to be inflamed. Apply one part fluid extract phytolac- ca, one part fluid extract belladonna and four parts olive oil once or twice a day. Feed her nothing but grass, and if possible prevent her from bruis- ing udder. Warts—Since last spring my year- ling heifer has had a great many warts on face andseveral parts of the body. L. G., Park Lake, Mich—Apply a saturated solution of salicylic acid in alcohol every day or two, and oc- casionally apply olive oil to warts. - Sweeney.——I have a three-year-old colt that has been sweenied ever since last spring, but is not lame. N. A. B., Wayne, Mich—Clip hair off and apply one part powdered cantharides and four parts fresh lard twice a month. Walking exercise or moderate work will not do any harm if colt is not lame. Pinworms.—I have a horse that is troubled with pinworms and is in- clined to rub his tail. M. C. G., Way- land, Mich.—Put 1 oz. of coal tar dis- infectant in three pints of tepid wa- ter and wash out rectum every day or two, and apply one part bichloride of mercury and 500 parts water to itchy scalp of tail once a day. Contagious Abortion—I have three choice cows and for the past two years have lost their calves between six and seven‘months. Is there any cure for them and what is it, and what shall I do? 0. H. 8., Robinson, Mich—Your sews suffer from contagious abortion and you have doubtless repeatedly Z read in this‘ paper treatment for this ailment. :Your. cows will perhaps prove unprofitable for dairy“ purposes. - The proper ‘ time to: treat aborting cows _ is When they calve‘“ and not ‘after' they are pregnant. - SIT-ETA “ 11.- 1915. . serum DIIECNlI CATTLE . Oct. 21 “"9“! Rich. 061.21 Big Sale of Bogisleroil Holslsins 100 choice animals, 15 daughters of 8 30~lb. bulls, granddaughters of these and fine cows in calf to them and other bulls the best in Living- ston County. Catalogs Oct. 10th. Ool. O. L. Parry. Boluubus, Oliio. Ool. .l. E. lack. Fl. ililnson, Wis. . Onl. ll. W. Ellis, Foslsrvills, list. A. R. EASTMAN, Secretary. ABERDEEN ANGUS If you are in need of an extra good bull or afew choice young cows or heifers. we have them. for S a. Our herd is headed by the Grand Champion Black Monarch did. We invite you to come to our Farm and see them. They are bred right and priced ri ht. U. L. Clark. Hunters Creek. Mich. Sidney Smith. gr. ABERDEEN-ANGUS HERD ESTABLISHED IN 1900. TROJAN - ERICAS and BLACKBIRDS on”. Young bulls and Percheron stallions for sale. Also breeders of Percheron. ckney and Saddle Horses. WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. IonimMioh. ‘msmnu—Onc of the foremost dair breeds. The hmostlegonomical mgilk lrigors. 51:3: f l W its on ooc ere s: roe y .353. Michigan Schghol for the Deaf. PlintJiichlgan. THE VILLAGE FARM, Grass Lake, Michigan, GUERNSEY CATTLE. MILO D. CAMPBELL CHAS. J. ANGEVINE BEACH FARM GUERNSEYS Combine the blood of the following great producing sires and dams :— galsher 8qu “all - - - a ex ‘s ecue - - lilenwyood Eoy of Haddon 21 A B“ In - - - . . Dairymaid of Pinehurst - ,- 910 lbs. fat . lly Bloom - - - - - . mp. Itchen Daisy - - - - 714 .. .. lelrna of Plnehurst - - 76‘; __ .. .ltanford's' Princess - - - 720 Bulls for sale only. A Dairy Show Every Day. OAMPBELL ii lllliEVlllE. Goldwater, Mlcll. BERKSHIRE For Sale—Rs . Guernsey Galil- a‘iimn em... m, JOHN 33 L8. R. 10. Hohnd. Michigan. —REGISTEBED GU E R N 8 BY BULL CALVES ‘ 1 blood of world cham ions. mfidi’li‘a‘il‘sn FARM. Saginaw. iv. 8.. Mich. 67 A. It. Daughters 37 A. B. “ 26 A. R. " u I is u UERNSEY DUI-IS [03 SALE. ready for service from A. n. Dams. If you want the right kind write for price and breeding. BYEBS l BARNES BROS" Goldwater, lichigan. EGISTEBED Young Guernsey Bulls. great grand- R sons of Gov. Chene. Bervicable a e nicely mark-ed, exceptional breeding. Avondale Stock arm. Wayne. Mich. F ‘LE A choice lot of Registered Guernsey on s cows heifers and bullsof Mar Rose breed- lng. n. w. WIGMAN. Lansing. Michigan. HEREFORDS: 353.32%: 8.5:. u: follows. ALLEN B308“ Paw Paw. Michigan Top Notch Holsteins! Young bulls that will add most desirable qualities to registered herds or transform grades into near full bloods in appearanoafifiil: lproduction. The bull is t or over 0 . fi’l’lII'IEOaISON FAMBLOOu Howell. Michigan. Do You Want}. Bull? Ready For Service. Fr in a grand daughter of The King of the Denounce. Sired by a bull that is more than a half brother to the on Holstein Cow of the World. and whose dam is a 30 lb. 6% 5 fat dan§Jhter of Pontiac Aggie Korndykewho has more lb. daughters than any other livxng bull. If you do write for pedigree. . EDWIN S. LEWIS. Marshall, Mich. Espanore Farm, LANSING. MICHIGAN. Home of the great Holstein bull “Pledge Spoflcrd Calamity Paul"--s.ire of a 35-11). cow and three em 80 lbs. If you are looking for .3 bull calf of this kind of breeding write for prices and ped- 88. cases 9. osnomr, ADAM s. summon, l Owners. \ THE? MICHIGAN FARMER HATCH HERD YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN istered Holstein-Frisian sires. randscn’s of War d’s greatest dairy sire. out of 0 nice A. B. 0. dams and iiin Pontiac Jewel Korndyke: Brother of K. P. Pontiac ass 44.15: average record of 60 dams in his pedigree 31.5 in? days: average per cent of fat three nearest dams 4 37; of his own dam 4.93. Sires in first three generations already have over 600 A. B. 0. daughters. A few females bred to "King”. Prices reasonable. BIDWELL SHORTI‘IORNS For “Beef and Milk" Registered Bulls. Cows an heifers Scotch-top- ped roan d iL.s.s-M.s.oc e. :lsc D. '12s I. 'y. BIDWILIS‘I’OCI [All Box 3. Tecumseh, Mich. The Two Greatest Bulls KING OI" 'l'llIi PONTIACS llli KOI. Zd’s BUTTER llOI 3rd I have young bulls from cows having h OEOIII recordsand Granddaughters of above bul s. Stock extra good. Pri marrow °s°"°ii"rii"'s°mn FARMS. BREEDSVILLE. MICH. FOR SALE-REGISTERED HOLBTEIN BULL has A n 0 how rhimldif' yo‘iillivgii’ihamm . . . N00! . 8 BO 8! er . CHARLES ncoox. Box 438. Fowlerville. Michigan. REGISTERED Holsteins-Jierd headed by Albina Bouts Butter Boy. His dam has A.R.0. records as follows: at ii yrs. milk 480. but er 18.85; 4 yrs. milk 604.8. butter 27.03; at 6 yrs. milk 620. buHsr 28.55 lbs. W. B. READER, Howell, Mich. Breakwater Dumas Duroc-Jerseys with individuality and blood lines that insure good results. Something considerably better. OROOKVIllER FIRM, R. 7, inn Arbor. Michigan. High Class HOLSTEINS .351. is headed by Smitbdals Alcartra Pontiac. whose dam is the famous Alcarti-a Polksdot. Have few youn bulls and females for sale at reasonable prices. Wi I buy a few heifers about 15 months. not bred. Farm )6 mile from court house. SETH B. BUBEBT. Howell. Mich. - I l I Regisisrsd Yearling Holslein Rul 2.1:...,'°“i&0.‘.‘i’§ white. beautiful individual. El)~lb. breeding. $100 brings him rightto your town with all npers. Safe arrival guaranteed. HOBART W. FAY. ason. Mich. lll‘llLSIEll iuu ciivrs-a?“.zi.:ini‘é'g:m‘iz iohlgan. Long Beach Farm. Augusta. Kalamazoo Go..Mich. lilOlIIOlll ROME llll lllilllllli SCHOOL PIKE MICHIGAN LA Breeder of High Grade clsteia Cattle. Lists and prices upon application. f ile east of Davis Shorlhoms For sale, 0:33:13; men A. A. R. B. W. B. McQUILLAN. Chlleon. Liv. 00.. Michigan. ' the Milking Shorihorns ii%“}l%f‘i?£wc DAVIDSON a HALL. Tecumseh. Michigan. APP. Howell. Michigan. Shorthorn Callle oi bolli Sex lor Sale W. W. KN Sh db —Dalry or beef bred. Breeding stock all 0 0m: ages for sale at farmers prices. 0. W. Cram. Secy. Cont. Mich. Sher-thorn Bteeders' Assn.. McBride. Mich. ' f best Bates Strains. Young ”I", Bull Shorlllom: balls 1 months old for sale. Price $100 each. J. B. HUMMEL. Mason. Mich. “00$. - - —Grand bunch of our. Dumas 8i Viclorias 33:33:, .39, g 53, of Superba. Defender. Much Col. rions and others. Afew young boars. M. T. STOIIY. Lowell. Mich. OB SALE—Berkshire hogs. both sexes and difierent ages. Bred gilts for fall farrowing. Poll Angus Bull Calf. not reg- istered. Price right. Chase's Stock Farm. B. I. Mariette. Mich. Two fall ilts bred for Au . it Sept. Berksuires' farrowin‘and a choice lots of A ril gilts for sale. A. A. PATT LLO. Deckerville. M ch. — l b i BERKSHIRES 333°cfd23°mx§3i§c fiZieghdbSEh'ég sale cheap. I. M. LEWIS A SON. Akron. Mich. Rsyallon llrsil BurkshlrssTEX‘Z.” n.§°:'i’12”‘2.32i£ weeks with registry flips". Write for pedigree and prices. . F. VALENTI . Supt, Temperance. Mich. For Sale Duroc Jerseys Bred Gills for Sept. furrow. Carey U.Edmonds. “ “ ., Iiicb. , Uri-HS l . ’ 0.1.8. %‘ saw writers-932 LBS. 23 MONTHSO D ‘ lONl'A GIRL , I have started more breeders on the road to sue- cessthanan man living. Ihave thelargest and iln~ est herd in e U. 8. Every one an early developer, ready forthemnrket at six months old. I want to . films one hog in each oommunit to advertise my erd.Write for my plan,"Eowto Make Money from Boss." 0. s. lawsuits. a.a.. I 0 Portland. Isisa. DUROC J ERSEYSIF‘“ “-“d prin pi either sex. from choice strains. S.C.STAHLMA§? CHERRY LAWN FARM. Shepherd. Michigan. IG TYPE P. 0. Either sex. pairs or tries not akin. Bred sows and gilts. Have several 10001b. boar pro- spects. Absolute] no larger breeding. every-hing guaranteed right. BANK KRUGEB. Ravenna.Mich. POLAND CHINA Spring Pigs from heavy boned prolific stock. Sowe bred for Summer and Fall pigs at close «prices. ROBERT NEVE. Pierson. Michigan. Poland Chi as. either sex. all ages. Something good at a low rice. Bar nine in boars ready for ser- vice. P. D. ONG. B. P. D. 8. Grand Rapids, Mich. POLAND CHINAS °‘ ‘ifid’éfiu‘éfi’tcwffite's read for spring farrow. A. A. Wood a Son. Saline. Mich. -— . i d . “ROE "PE P. O. 5331‘; b’ii'iciiin‘gn 0:309]; '33: bred gilts. W. J. HAGELSBAW. Augusta. Mich. Big Boned Poland Ohinis. ?:§‘f££“2sl’f€§co‘6°i%§? ROBERT MARTIN. B. F. D. No. 7. Hastings. LIIOII. ‘ two extra good Summer Yearling LITE. :lmm P- 0- Boats: a few choice sows bred for Aug. a Sept. farrow. Spring pigs that are beauties, sired by Big Defender the bear that over body goes wild over. Come and see him. H. O. SWARTZ, choolcraft. Mich. now ready to Satisfaction guaranteed. BIG TYPE POLAR]? CHINAS. Some choice boars e . G. W. HOLTON, It. 0. 11. Kalamasoo. Michigan. Big Type Poland China Hogs. We show at Marshall then at Detroit. Call at the pens et acquainted an eve our stock. BEAN CRIL' K FARM. ADDISON. MICHIGAN HAMPSHIRE Bwine—Breedin stock of all ages from most pc ular strains. rite for breedin . Inspection invi . Floyd Myers. B. 9. Decatur, In . WEST WINDS HAMPSHIRE SWINE. Booking orders for sow pigs immediate shipment. No males to offer E. P. Hammond. owner. N. A. Wiser. manager. Pontiac. Mich $80 Gets an'mcs. old HOLSTEIN BULL CALI? . whose sire is full bio to a former World's Uhamplon 3-yr. old. Elmer E. Smith. Redford. Mich. FOR SALE Registered Holstein Bulls ready for service. and bull calves. also females. FREEMAN J. FISHBECK. Howell. Michigan. Holstein-Friction Breeder—£2: “ha“. {:33 represented. D. D. AITKEN. Flint. Michigan. ' ' A sister b the same Yearling Rog. Rolslsin Bull. d... be... 3...“... m... record and makin nearly 1000 lbs. butter in a year. DEWEY C. IERSON. Hadley. Mich. $40.00 DELIVERED Handsome Holstein bull calf. 5‘ white. By 24-lb. but- ter bull. Registered and all papers. ROUGEMONT FARMS. Detroit. Michigan. $75—buys re istered high bred Holstein bull calf 8 men s old. ire. Pontiac Korndyke Burke. Dam Ladfineets Dekcl Mercedes. 15.83 butter at26 months old. IVERVIEW FARM. Vassar Mich HOLSTEINS AND GUERNSEYS Our Holsteins combine the blood of Belle Kornd e and DeKol 2nd. Our Guernseys are strong in Lady Gempsey. Glenwcod Boy of Haddon. and Stranforii's Glenwood of Pinehurst blood. Some flue bull calves of both breeds for sale. Boardman Farm. Jackson. Mich. REGISTERED llOLSTElll Ollll. 8:112: $121.3?“ Send for description. W. C. TAYLOR, Milan, M 01:: OLSTEIN CATTLE and Dome Jer e s ' . H Choice pigs of both sex now ready t » rlii y. Iyi-ildgfi reasonable. . R. CORNELL. Howell, lchigan. $600 Buys'ten'high grade richly bred Hol- stein Il‘riesian heifers. Some fresh soon, B. B. BEAVEY. Akron. Michigan. aple Lane Register of Merit Jersey Herd. Tub - M oulin tested by U S. Government. For sale bu l calves and heifer calves from B. of grand dams. and Hood Farm Sire. IBVIN FOX. Allegan. Michigan. dams and THE WILDWOOD Jersey Herd. Re istered Jersey Cattle of Quality. Herd headed by giajesty's Won- der 90717. one of‘ the sons of Royal Majesty. The daughters of Mayesty's Wonder are mated to a son of Mayeety's Oxford King. Herd tuberculin tested. We have for sale a few choice youns bulls for fall service from high producing cows. Alvin Balden. Capao. Mich. Lillie Farmstead Jersey Cattle. Dull calves from II. of M. Cows. also heifer calves and several bred heifers for sale. Colon C. Lillie. Coopersvllle, Mich' er s. Bulls read forse i 9. tr lit i d J bfiaooba’e Fairy lt‘manoh‘.’ oNide’lIlquaroni alil‘leh producing dams. sum: s manna. ncwciimi‘c'li. I don’t want to sell anything but ROLSTEIN BULLS and I have some bull bargains. Don’t buy a bull until you know I have not 01; what on want. Come and see b ls. L. CONNBLL, Fayette, Ohio. FOR SAL Buccaneer: of Merit ancestry. 'WATERIAN WATER- IAN. Meadowhnd lbs-n. Assn Arbor. Mich. hf BI“: I“ m whighmeeda damawith sem’ife’illclal test. 0. 3. ngnm. 6. Allegan. Milli: HILLSDALI} Farm Jerseys. yearling bulls. solid co'or.’half.brotbers tn ex-wnrld's-reoord sire 2-yr. old and from R. of. M. dams. with records from 400 lbs. to 800 lbs. 0. and 0. DEAKE. Ypsilanti. Michigan. OULD like to hear from those desiring to start a herd of thorou hbred Cheaters. Prices a‘trao‘ tive. F. W. ALEXKNDER. Vassar. Michigan. Blg Type, MM and Chester White Swine. 400 fall pigs either sex. facial prices for the next 30 days. a so bred gilts an service males and we are booking orders for SPI'II‘IJB gig . all our stock is good anough that I will ship . D. and reg. free in the . . 0. or Chester White Asso. We won, more prizes than all other breeders ut together. at Ill.. and Wis. State Fairs. Write or Show record. ROLLING VIEW STOCK FARM Cass City, - Michigan. and Jul ices reasonable. 0 I C! —Sows bred to furrow last of June a e y. Pr G. P. ANDREWS. Dansvlile. Michigan. 0 I c —Gilts bred for Aug. and Sept. farrow. s s a Will take orders or March and April pigs. II. W. MANN. Dansvllle. Michigan. —Are on on t O. I. C. SWINE mug... 1...": choice bred sow to furrow the last of Aug. or fore part of Sept? If you are. write me I have them. A. J. GORDEN. R No. 2 Don. Michigan. n I c' —-8 last fall gilts bred to furrow last of Aug. . . 3 and in Sept. Big growthy stock. also last Spring pigs and one last a l boar. 56 mile west of depot. OTT B. SCHULZE. Nashville. Mich. O. l. 0. Figs. 8 lo 10 links Old 310. 53.13%? Registered free. C. J. Thompson, Rockford. Mich. a. I. c. ghOiPeab?ilbt: brag for sgpt. fariow. 01'le 8 III‘S. 1' I t ' . ALVIN v. HAT’I‘. Grass Laii’efnfiic ”0 a m 0. l. C. GILT BlEll SPRING PIGS ready to ship. 11. J. FERLEY. Holt. Michigan. iga n s —Bred sows. bred Hts. a tin ' o- I- c s bothsex. Service ars. ricg 0155.] A. R. GRAHAM. Flint. Michigan. 0 I 055 Registered Bears 5 months old, a s I big boned kind. BOBT. BLOW. Route 2. Dryden. Michigan. REGISTERED 0-1. 0. BOARS is ours High class fall pigs at reasonable ri .l. CARL JEWETT. Mason, Mipchofs‘ llay Rrolhsrs Slack Farm. 3‘” 1...... °‘ ‘1‘“ b“ for sale. Registered free. J. R?%$Ey.IP%n§)oe 1. Radial): Fol SALE—Piano; tired gilts. all]: mileaprspring pi 81. o e ar a, 5m ' . ' to . sonar McNICOLL. suit on A30 R 4l.nBay 0'3. Migh. Cagitol Herd Duroc Jersey Swine. Established 1888 pring gs for sale. satisfaction guaranteed. _ x- Press pl. 4. J. H. nlnfihlft. lat Lansing, Mlch_ me MEN—Spring elther sex. one bred for ' Sept. fu-ww to a son 0 Volunteer Grand Champion at ‘ i Shot Show Chicago. I. J. Drodt. B. 1. Monroe. Mich. Oum lsmr Broil Bills. Smilildflzfi‘cmiof‘ifi days. W. C. TAYLOR. Milan. Michigan. -March I ‘ either sex. sired by a son um.” Jul”, at Volungeg: Champion of 3 State Fairs and Chicago Show in 1912. E. H. Morris. Monroe. Mich. Spring Pigs at Half Pricez—Bred from ' the largest strain of Poland Chinas on earth, none bigger. If you ever expect to own a registered Poland China. this is your opportunity. Get busy and order at once. Pairs and tries not akin $15 each. A few bred sows at 8%. J. C. BUTLER. Portland, Mich. Bell Phone. LARGE Type P. C. Herd Boni- Hoosier Giant 2nd 23801]. Pigs sired by him. One Big Smooth lunibo Boar. Bred sows. prices right. MRS. J. E. BRAI'I HWAITE, Brant. Mich. For Sale Poland Chinas °' 3:?”- Ayreshire Bull. B. M. WING it SON. Sheridan. Mich. BIG type Poland Chinas with quality bred right. feed right. and riced ri lit to o to their new . D. GR GOR . Icnia. Mich. REGISTERED ’YORKSHIRES Imported Strain. Both sexes. Prices Reasonable. Hatch Herd, Ypsilanti, Michigan. 50 ioniisninEs-oy.:§3“~co‘hf nicer Books. I. s. Ducks. E. s. onus. Homer. Mich: homes and do’ right. . - i Large Yorkshires 3.121.323 :3: October far-row. Servicable boars. Pigs aIl es. Prices reasonable. . C. Cook, Route 42. Ada. ichigan. .-——Weaniing pigs, airs not akin. Bred MUlSIOOI HOES- sows and gilts or fall farrow. two vex-Vice boars. C. F. BACON. R. 3. Button. Mich. Lillie Farmstead Yorkshires. Bears ready for service. _ Gilts bred for Se t. furrow. Spring pigs. airs and tries, not akin. Co on C. Lillie. (Jocpersvill’ . Mich. s—r A HORSES a FOR S ALE—Re istered Percheron Stallion Mares an Fillies at reasonable rices. In- spection invited. F. L. KING it SON. Char otte.Mich. ' —Reg. Shetland Ponies. mostl PIE.” Pall, Farm wots, l fiotted stallion and cum: stock for an 0. Dr. . T. orrison. Pigeon. Idich. Registered Percherons Brood mares. Fillies and Young Stallions. Priced to sell. Ins ction invited. L. C. HUNT & 00.. aton Rapids. Michigan. .__ SHEEP. . . Black Top Oslsm Slice . iguana §°'."3i‘,’, Fred E. Reichert, Elm Ri ge Farm. Ann Arbor, Mich. Good Yearlin Field R OXIONI “(I'll Shflp- and ewes of al for oil]: M. F._GANSSLEY. Lennon. Mic igan. - — l [Olli'Sl'l‘s Yearl ng and ram lambs from Champion flock of Thumb of Mich. Also so] i: . shire swine. Elmhurst Stock Farm. Almont?oMlgceiil:k SHROPESHIRE RAMS Good big follows with quality. Special prices on them this month. See our exhibit at Columbus and Detroit' KOPE KON FARM. Kinderhook. Michigan. FOR SlLE SRROPSHIRE RIMS ififirhmflfi'i'ififl toes. M. A. BRAY. Okemos. :Ingham 00.. Mich. Shropshire: Em: and Ram lulu in Salt. ; DAN BOOHER. Marion. Michigan. When writing to adver- tisers please mention the Michigan Farmer. u ' .. l 'lp z "1Wminimum”; l‘ ' V Kdldma o llllllllllllllllllllu.... _ ‘ zovaIlCe Edit' : Kalamazoo 1916 C 10 Write Today—See New 1916 Styles and Prices and "Recipes in Rhyme”—Both Books Mailed FREE EVER in all our experience have we been able to ofler such great stove value for so little money. Our new 1916 catalog is a ‘ veritable encyclopedia on stove and range buying. Never were we able - to crowd into one book such great variety of styles—rich late designs—- every one at a big saving in price—all backed by strongest quality guaranty ever written. Send for this book today—and Choose From 500 Styles and Sizes- Big Output Sets Our'Prices tor 1916 300,000 satisfied Kalamazoo owners recom- like new after many years’ use. All will unite mend the Kalamazoo factory-to-you plan— in saying that they were satisfied and more. low wholesale price, cos/z or easy payments Accept this announcement as your chance We Make Gas Stoves Too ”—30 days’ trial—a year’s test—$100,000 to test the Kalamazoo offer. Do it today if.” bank bond guaranty. by sending for our new catalog and new Our strongest advertisement is the advice 1916 souvenir “Recipes in Rhyme”—both Pipeless any Kalamazoo owner can give you, Let us books free——whether you order now or later. Furnace We Pay Freight and refer you to one or more near you. All will By the way, “Recipes in Rhyme” is un- for the priceof astove Ship Wind“ 24 Hours tell you that they saved money. Some will like any other book ever printed. Immense- EZiioutinil: 3:31:23? tell you that they saved $25 to $30—others ly valuable to every housewife—doubly in- will tell how they saved fuel—more will teresting because of catchy, unforgetable fifirfii‘i‘l‘ifibflm" for M311 coupon 01' Postal tell of the unequaled quality of Kalama— rhymes. Wrz'le your name in the Today for 1916 Catalog! FREE zoo heaters and ranges. And still more coupon and mail it today. and "Reelpes in Rhyme' will tell you how their stove or range looks Ask :01- Catalog No. 113, Kalamazoo Stove Co., Kalamazoo, Mich. Kalamazoo Stove Co., Mfrs., Kalamazoo, Mich. _ .. , . We make Stoves. Rangesfian Stoves. Furnaces and White Enameled Please send Catalog marked below,and Recxpes in Rhyme” FREE. . Metal Kitchen Kabinets and Tables. We have 4 catalogs. Be sure to mention which you want as numbered in coupon below Mark an X opposite books Wanted. Book. Stoves and Ranges ‘ Furnaces H D D A Kalamazgs Gas Stoves Kitchen Kabinets and Tables [:1 ' BookNo.G.ll3 El , BookNo.K."3 ., o y w! L usages“ Direct to You I I Name ................................................................................. I Tak Th1 e 3 All Metal White Enameled l I Kitchen Kabinet on 30 Days’ Trial Address ............................................................................... _ Save work. time and miles of steps. A place for everythinz. Easy sliding drawers. Vermin proof—cannot warp, crack or split. City ....................................... ... ............ State-...................... Easy to clean—fine crystal equipment tree with each kabinet I Write for Free Kitchen Kabx’net I