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The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.

Vwfifiiccfii‘lse§°is‘sii AY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1915. 3‘0CEN1MYEAK





$2 FOR 5 YEARS.
THE MICHIGAN FARMER»





' SEPT. 18, 1915.-





q..—





 





234—2

,The Michigan Farmer

Wed 1:43. ' Could!“ 1915.





The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.





39 to 45 Con St. West. Detroit. Elohim

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M. L. LAWRENCE» ------------------------------ Vie-President





 





 





 





 





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I. R. WATERBURY ...... .



BUR'I‘ WERMUTH....................._ .............. Amatc



FRANK A. WILKBN ................................. Editors



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E. H. I‘IOUGHTON -------------------------- Business Manager

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i—Entcrd as second class matter at the Detroit. Michigan.

poatoflice.





DETROIT, SEPT. 18, 1915





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Fruit growing as a

specialized branch of

Michigan agriculture

has done much to

make the state famous, and the Mich-

igan product has also done much to

make fruit a popular diet through its

remarkably high flavor. It is the fruit

with flavor that gains lasting friends

for, if the flavor does not uphold the

appeal that the fruit makes to the eye

the results are disappointing. Mich-

igan fruit is more apt to pleasantly

surprise the consumer than to'disap-

point him. Its flavor is producing a

growing favor in the marketing cen-

ters of the country for consumers who

are everywhere more discriminating

buyers of this product are fast learn-

ing that all the beauty of the Michi-

gan fruit is not on the skin.



The geographical location of the

state is something for which her peo-

ple can be generously thankful. She

has been bounteously endowed with

lakes and her water frontage is rapid-

ly increasing in value as playgrounds

for tired city people, but the greatest

value this water frontage has to those

who are so fortunate as to be located

within her boundaries, is its climatic

influences. The eastern shore of Lake

Michigan made possible the great

fruit belt and the Michigan peach. It,

with the additional influence of her

other bordering lakes and the thou-

sands of inland bodies of water, will

do more than anything else to make

her one of the chief fruit gardens cf

the country.



Michigan’s prominence in the fruit

industry has not been of bonanza

growth, nor was it gained by the lib-

eral use of paper and printer’s ink:

but her eminent position is the result

of her having those natural conditions

that contribute to the production of

the highest quality products; and like

all things of steady growth that posi-

tion is more certain to be permanent

and become greater perhaps than the

present generation may think, while

those sections developed by gifted

promoters and lacking some natural

conditions will give way in the great

competition of quality and lose their

identity as fruit producing sections.



Growers in Michigan’s fruit belt are

prosperous. The illustration of the

beautiful home of Robert A. Smythe,

Secretary of the Michigan State Hort-

icultural Society, on the front page of

this issue of the Michigan Farmer, is

an indication of this. Mr. Smythe

was one of those men who saw the

possibilities of fruit growing in this

state and in his efforts as a producer

he has more than made good. West-

ern Michigan has a multitude of sim-

ilar homes which bespeaks the pros-

perity and unwell-being of the men

who chose to follow this most delight-





Fruit Growing

in Michigan.





 





ful occupation which is made more so

by the generous returns they have re-

ceived for their labor.



These men have good reasons for

their strong faith in the future of the

industry. Located amidst the great-

est fruit markets of the country which

are, or will be, the greatest markets

of the world, they cannot, through any

stretch of the imagination, guess how

intensely it will ultimately be neces-

sary for the land within this region

to be cultivated to satisfy the demand

for fruit of such quality as the present

orchards and gardens are able to

grow.





The general review

of crop conditions

compiled by the hu-

reau of crop estimates gives the com-

posite condition of all crops. of the

United States on September 1 as 5.5

per cent above their ten year average

condition on that date. This is an im-

provement of 3.9 per cent on the av-

erage condition on August 1, indicat-

ing general improvement in crop pros—

pects during the past month.



In Michigan there was a. slight de-

cline in the composite condition of

crops during the month amounting to

5.1 per cent. The average condition

of all crops as estimated on Septem—

ber 1 is, however, nearly normal,

standing at 99.4 per cent as compared

with a general average for the coun-

try of 105.5 per cent. The total pro—

duction of important products as com-

pared with last year is estimated as

follows: Corn 111.7 per cent; wheat

110.1 per cent; oats 123.4 per cent;

barley 114.4 per cent; rye 103.3 per

cent; buckwheat 105.9 per cent; pota-

toes 100 per cent; hay 115.6 per cent;

apples 84.6 per cent; peaches 118.5

per cent.



The increased crop prospects are

largely due to a somewhat increased

area devoted to crop production in

most sections of the country. On Sep-

tember 1 the index figure of prices

for all farm products was 6.2 per cent

lower than a year ago, 2.8 per cent

lower than two years ago, and 3.1 per

cent lower than the average of the

last seven years on September 1.



These official crop estimates are re-

assuring testimony as to the general

prosperous condition of the agricul-

ture of the country. There have been

sectional seasonal losses on some

crops due to unfavorable weather con-

ditions, particularly excess moisture.

but these have not served to decrease

the general prospect to any alarming

extent. With the general prosperity of

the country’s agriculture practically

assured, business conditions should

continue to show improvement which

has characterized recent months.





Crop Prospects.





In another col-

Factors in Good Farm umn of this is

Management. sue will be

found a plea

urging upon Michigan Farmer readers

the importance of making an early

selection of seed corn from the fields

and curing same in a manner which

will insure the best quality of seed

for next year’s planting. This is in

line with efficient farm management

which makes for the maximum labor

income from the farm.



As a point illustrating the import-

ance of this factor of timely fore-

thought in the matter of management,

the writer would refer to an interview

he recently had with a hired farm

manager who mentioned the fact that

he had utilized one of the recent rainy

days in sorting over a crib' of last

year’s corn and picking out several

bushels of the best cars which he care-

fully stored away for possible emer-

gency use as seed corn next spring.

This farm manager explained that in

case an untimely frost should come

before this year’s crop had matured

to a stage which would afford prime

swd corn, he would later make an in-

dividual ear test of the corn selected

from last year's crop and would be

able in that way to secure sufficient





seed corn of high germinating quality

to plant next year’s crop. ,



This is the kind of forethought

which constitutes an essential factor

of good farm management. Unless

weather conditions are unusually fav-





orable during the next few weeks, the 1





comparative efficiency of every Mich-

igan farmer in the matter of farm

management will be demonstrated by

the manner in which this particular

problem is solved. If unfavorable con-

ditions prevail there is no question

but that the seed corn problem will

be one of considerable magnitude

among farmers next spring, but the

efficient farmer will solve this prob-

lem at an early date just as he will

solve other problems with which he is

confronted, in the most efficient and

satisfactory manner which is possible

under the conditions which must be

met.

The West Michigan

West Michigan State Fair, _which

State Fair. will be held at Grand

Rapids next week has

a long list of live stock entries in ev-

ery department of the stock show, in-

suring an exhibit in this department

of the fair which will be fully the

equal of the many excellent live stock

shows which have been seen at Grand

Rapids during the successful history

of the West Michigan Fair.



The horticultural show at Grand

Rapids is always fine, owing to the in-

terest taken in this event by western

Michigan fruit growers. Competition

in fruit exhibits has been further stim-

ulated this year by the offering of val-

uable silver cups for single exhibits of

fruit, flowers and vegetables. Exhib-

its in the machinery department will

be strong as usual, in fact, the man-

agement reports a large list of entries

in every department, and patrons are

assured a high class educational show

which will compare favorably with

any which have preceded it. The line

of entertainment features are superior

to those which have been seen in pre-

vious years, including thrilling battles

in the air showing the development

of air craft in modern warfare, day-

light fireworks, etc.



The West Michigan State Fair is to

the farmers of western Michigan what

the State Fair is to those located in

other sections of the state, and should

have the patronage not only of every

farmer in western Michigan who can

possibly arrange to attend, but as well

the patronage of every farmer in the

state who can make it convenient to





go to Grand Rapids during the five also





days of the fair from September 20

to 24.



Notwithstanding un-



favorable weather

_conditions during

the early days of the State Fair, and

heavy showers during the latter part

of the first week, the attendance at

this year’s State Fair has been very

satisfactory and the show was one for

which no apologies need be made in

any department. In some departments

the exhibits were not as numerous as

in some past years owing to special

handicaps, but the quality was every-

where excellent and the show was of

a character to be eminently satisfac~

tory to patrons. The various exhibits

will be reviewed in greater detail in

a future issue and the live stock

awards will be given as in former

years.





The State Fair.





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





Foreign.



The European Wan—At the eastern

front the Germans continue their vic-

torious march in the sections before

Vflna and Dvinsk. They have reach-

ed the Dvina river at Friedrichstadt,

which improves their position before

Riga and aids in the campaign just

south of that point. At the southern

extreme of the long battle front, how-

ever, the Russians are not only hold-

ing the Teutons but have been vic-

torious in several engagements in Ga-

licia. The Turks in the Caucasus

Mountains are being hard pressed by

the Czar’s forces and now that Grand

Duke Nicholas is; in command it is





 





expected that much assistance will be '

indirectly given the French auditing-

lish at the Dardanelles through the

division of Turkish defense to the

east. The campaign on the Gallipoli

peninsula, has been quiet the t

week. It appears that the Austrfis

are determined to save Gorizia which

s now seriously threatened by the

steady advance of the Italians. Con—

tinuous fighting occurs along the Gori-

zia-Monfalcone-Duina line and a de-

c1sive battle is expected soon. Vigor-

ous artillery engagements have fol-

lowed the activities of the Germans

in the western theatre, the crown

Prince’s armies having taken the lead-

ing part in northeastern France and

the Vosges mountains. But few minor

changes in the allignment have re-

sulted from these battles.



_ The statement that the Russian cab-

inet had resigned has been corrected

by . the government at Petrograd,

which declares the cabinet is still or-

ganized.



The Mexican situation shows little

progress. A note from General Car-

ranza asking the Pan-American con-

ferees to meet him on a border town

to discuss Mexican affairs is now un~

der advisement and may be accepted.





National.





More than 100 men from the finan-

cial centers of this country, represent—

ing its greatest financial institutions,

greeted the Anglo-French financial

commission which arrived in New

York city on September 10. To all an

pearances the event marks the begin-

ning of an era in which the United

States will be an important financial

world center. It is expected that cred-

its to the amount of a billion dollars

or more will be established in this

country through these foreign agents.





Relations between the United States

and the Teutonic nations of Germany

and Austria were again put to a test

last week when a note was received

from Germany stating that she would

not pledge indemnity for losses on the

passenger ship Arabic which was t0r~

pedoed by a German submarine, and

secondly, when it was discovered that

Dr. Dumba, Austrian ambassador to

this country, and his agents had ap-

parently been active in efforts to em-

barrass munition manufacturers in

the cities of Detroit, Toledo, Cleve-

land, Flint, Mich., and other industrial

centers. The United States has de-

manded the recall of Ambassador

Dumba. The press of this country, in-

cluding Austrian publications, support

the President in this action. The lat-

est information from Berlin and Wash-

ington strongly suggests the possibil-

ities of arbitrating the claims in con-

nection . with the Arabic disaster,

which the Germans declare was due

to the fact that the vessel was armed

and prepared for defense which pre-

vented warning passengers and crew.





The British cabinet has decided up‘

on the principle of conscription in its

present crisis. The question now to

be worked out is how this method of

raising additional troops will be car

ried out. It is asserted that the moral

issue is really more important than

adding greatly to her military strength.

The effect upon her present allies and

upon the Balkan states. which

apparently may soon join the Allies,

has been an important issue in deter—

mining the move.



Michigan was visited by heavy

storms during the past week, and con-

siderable damage to property, particu-

larly crops, resulted in many sections.

In the vicinity of Muskegon, Grand

Rapids and about Detroit the storms

were particularly violent.



Prof. M. L. D’O'oge of the Greek De-

partment at the U. of M. from 1867

to 1912, died suddenly at Ann Arbor

last Sunday morning. '





 





POTATOES IN UPPER PENINSULA.





Reports from 1,048 growers of pota-

toes in 14 months in the upper penin-

sula gives the following:



Number of acres in 1914, 2,117;

number of bushels in 1915, 331,852;

average yield per acre, 1914, 157 bush-

els; number of acres planted in 1915, ,

3,305; increase in acreage, 56.1 per

cent.



The Secretary of States gives the

acreage of potatoes in the upper pe-

ninsula for 1914 as 19,015 acres. If

the same increase in acreage prevails ‘

through the entire upper peninsula

there was planted in 1915, 29,682 acres.



The yield as reported by the field

men is 157 bu. per acre from the 1,048

growers. As reported by the Secre-

tary of State, 140.77 bushels per acre.



Damage by wet weather on low and

undrained land and by frost fully 50

per cent, giving a probable yield of

2,330,000 bushels.



The frost on the night of August

26 killed the potatoes on all the low

lands except near water, and inland

from the lakes, except on high, well

drained soil. Those who have pota-

toes of standard varieties, free from

disease, will do well to take good care

of them for seed. ~ ,.





 





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SEPT. 18, 1915.





' The Seed Corn





HE subject of seed corn will prob-

T ably be one of great interest to

a large number of Michigan

farmers next spring. The cern crop





. is very immature for the season of the





year, and even if weather conditions

remain favorable so that it becomes

reasonably well matured, freezing

weather is likely to follow so closely

that there will be little chance for the

grain to dry out before it is subjected

to low temperatures. Under these

conditions the vitality of the seed is

quickly destroyed and the unavoidable

result is seed corn of very low ger-

minating quality unless special care

is taken in selecting and curing same.





Educators in the agricultural field

have long preached the advisability of

selecting the seed corn from the

standing plants; practice bears out

the correctness of this. theory, al-

though under favorable conditions

very good results, are secured by old-

fashioned methods of seed selection

and care. Under such conditions as

prevail this year, it will be the part of

wisdom for every Michigan farmer to

make sure of a sufficient amount of

seed corn to plant his next year’s crop

before there is any possibility of dan-

ger of the vitality of the corn being

injured by low temperatures.



The best way to accomplish this re-

sult is to make an early selection from

the fields before the corn is harvest-

ed. After the seed is selected, giving

attention to the entire plant as well

as the ear itself, it should be at once

taken to a secure place and the drying

process commenced. There are many

kinds of seed corn racks and devices

for drying corn in use, any one of

which will give good results. Prob-

ably as good a method as any is to

weave the ears of corn into a double

strand of binder twine and hang same

about the kitchen stove or in the at-

tic above. A furnace room makes a

\very good place for drying the seed

corn. It matters little where this is

done so long as it be Well done and

before the vitality of the corn is in-

jured by low temperatures. A little

seasonable attention to this important

work will save much worry and the

chances of a serious loss in the next

year’s crop if seed of known quality is

not available for next year’s planting.



Much might be said with regard to

’the matter of selection, but the all im-

portant idea which should be impress-

ed upon the mind of every Michigan

farmer is the necessity of early selec-

tion and good care of seed for next

\season’s planting. If two or three

times as much seed is selected from

the field as may be needed for plant-

ing, it can be re-sorted later and the

extra seed will undoubtedly be in de-

mand at a good price next spring.



Oakland Co. A.‘ R. FARMER.





LILLIE FARMSTEAD NOTES.





 





Soy Beans with Sweet Corn.





Only a year or two ago I read an

article by one of our leading agricul-

tural scientists advancing the theory

that plants of different botanical fam-

ilies could be grown together without





_crowding, whereas the same number





of plants on a given area of the same

family would not do as well. In other

words, they would be crowded. To il-

lustrate, we can mix clover and tim-

othy and grow more plants on a

square rod than we can grow of either

clover or timothy separately and have

them do well. We can plant corn as

thickly as it will do well and then

grow soy beans with it and have both

plants do well, but if we would plant

the corn too thick or the soy beans

too thick, neither of them would do so

well. I have been watching this since





I read this article and I believe there





is something in it. ‘ It was this theory

that induced me to plant soy beans

with the sweet corn for silage. If I





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





get well—cared sweet corn I must not

plant as thickly as I otherwise would

for silage to get the largest yield. If,

however, I can make a success of

growing soy beans‘ with the corn then

I can get the best crop of ears and

the soys will help make up the loss of

silage and I will have equally as good

or even better silage that otherwise

because soy beans are richer in pro-

tein than corn and will make the sil-

age a more nearly balanced ration.

This year I have good vigorous plants

of soy beans three feet high, growing

among sweet corn that is plenty thick

to ear well. In fact, most people would

say it was too thick to get the best

ear development.





Rape with Peas.





Again, also this year I sowed dwarf

Essex rape with market garden peas,

sowing the rape seed at the same

time I did the peas. The results are

splendid. At one time it looked as if

the rape would get the start of the

peas. . You could see scarcely any-

thing from a distance but rape, but

later on the peas put their heads

above the rape and when in full blos-

som practically no rape was visible.

When we cut the peas about the mid-

dle of July we cut a growth of rape

fully ten inches high, some of it was

more than a foot high. This went into

the silo with the pea vines. After the

peas were harvested the rape came on

again wonderfully and I have today

the best rape hog pasture I ever had.

Much better, in fact. Heretofore I

have sown the rape with oats. The

oat plant shades the rape too much

early in the season and it must take

up more moisture also, for the rape

never made the growth in oats that it

did this season in peas. The peas

were thick enough—fully four bushels

of seed per acre and the rape is as

thick as it can stand. I think it would

be better now if it was not quite so

thick. Yet the peas and rape grew to-

gether and both made a good crop. I

had ten tons of green shelled peas on

eight acres.





I am so well satisfied with both of

these experiments that I shall try

them again next year.





Some Conclusions.





This article that I read advanced

another theory which is interesting,

to say the least. It is this, where one

of the plants grown. in the combina-

tion is a legume that the plant not a

legume will be benefited even by the

growing of the legume with it. The

idea is that the legume will get some

of its nitrogen from the air through

the. bacteria on its roots and that this

nitrogen or the residue of it not used

by the legume can and is used by the

non-legume. The sweet corn will

utilize some of the nitrogen which the

beans get from the air. And in the

case of the peas and rape the rape

will utilize some of the nitrogen which

the peas are capable of getting from

the air. I wonder if this is one rea-

son I had such a splendid growth of

rape this year. I would believe so,

only I intended to furnish suflicient

nitrogen so neither peas or rape had

to go to the air after it. And the

same is true of the sweet corn and

the soy beans. I am of the opinion

that we can not grow big one—season

crops like soy beans and peas if we

ask them to get the most of their

nitrogen out of the air. In the case

of clover and alfalfa where the plants

feed for a whole year the case is dif-

ferent. Perhaps, however, even with





'plenty of available nitrogen in the





soil quick-growing legumes get some

nitrogen from the air. However, I

could see no difference this year

where I inoculated peas or beans, and

I am inclined to think they don’t get





much nitrogen from the air if there is





plenty of it in the soil. At any rate,

I doubt if we can afford to have our

soils deficient in nitrogen for maxi--

mum crops, for these quick-growing

legumes. '

COLON C. LILLIE.





 





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d

WhyWorn Motors

OUR smallest expense-—

lubricationwis your only pro-

tection against your heaviest ex-

pense—depreciation.



When motor wear comes, itcomes

to stay. The noises and rattle

of worn—down motor parts grow

worse—not better.



'Mez‘al worn of U frietion is

gone forever. That is why worn

motors don’t “come back.”





A year’s supply of the most

efficient lubricating oil you can

buy will cost you very little more

than the cheapest oil on the market

—maybe five dollars a year.





As a matter of fact, poor oils

“use up” or “wear out” much more





In buying Gargoyle

Mobiloils from

your dealer, it is

safesttopurchasein

original packages.

Look for the red





toournearestoffice.

too much in the cylinders.





Gargoyle Mobiloil “Arctic” in winter.

Mobiloil “B” the year ’round.





cial vehicles unless otherwise noted.





Grim”:





 

 





Gar 0 1e on the _



contgaider. For in- . . N GarzOyle Mobiloil :‘A:



formation kind] 63'3”“ M°5_'l°_" “3

’ . . Y Gargoyle Mobilod E"



address anyinquiry



A gradefor eae/z bye of mo/or





Stationary and Portable Engines

Your oil must meet the heat conditions in your engine. Many oils thin out

Three troubles result: (1) Compression escapes

and power is lost. (2) The cylinder walls are exposed to friction. (3) Excess

carbon is deposited. The oils specified below will prove efficient.

Water-cooled engines—Use Gargoyle Mobiloil “A” in summer; use





Tractors

The design of your engine must determine the correct oil. Send for book-

let containing Gargoyle Mobiloils Chart of Recommendations for tractors.

Mobilubricant—In the patented Handy Package.

transmissions, differentials and compression cups of automobiles. The spout fits

the filling plug opening of the Ford and all other cars. Mobilubricant is just the

thing for farm machinery. Simply turn the key. No dirt, no waste, no trouble.





CORRECT AUTOMOBILE LUBRICATION

Explanation : In the chart below, the letter opposite the car indicates the grade of Gargoyle Mobi-

loils that should be used. For example, “A” means Gargoyle Mobiloil ”A”.

goyle Mobiloil “Arctic.” etc. The recommendations cover all models of both pleasure and commer-





3 ~235 ,





   





Never “Come Back”





quickly than eflicient oils—and so

cost more than they appearto. And

the veryfact that theyquickly“wear

out” should be a warning signal.



Poor “wearing” oil means a

quick-wearing motor.



It is part of our daily work to analyze

the lubricating problems in large man-

ufacturing plants all over the world,

and to specify the oils which will most

efficiently meet the conditions in each

case.



The same thorough engineering

analysis has been. put into the study

of automobile lubrication.



The condensed lubrication Chart be-

low is more than interested advice. It

represents the best engineering practice

based upon extended scientific research.



If your car is not listed, a complete

Chart will be sent at your request.





The four grades

of Gargoyle Mobil-

oils for gasoline

motor lubrication,

purified to remove

free carbon, are:





   





Gargoyle Mobiloil

‘ ‘Arctic’ '





Air-cooled engines—Use Gargoyle





The correct grease for





“A





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Detroit





Domestic Branches: Boston





 





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CARS gigfigég‘éEg CARS gggfiéféiégfi

m3m$m3m5zfi$ mawarfiariSJE’

~Abbott Detroit ...... A Arc- A Arc. A Arc.Arc.Arc.’/\rc.Arc.» 'Molinc ............ A Arc. A Are A Arc .. . I

erioon ........... A the A Arc. A Arc A Arc, " Knight ...... A A A A

Apgcrson ............ Arc. ArcArc Arr Arc Arc ArcArc. Arc. Arc. Moon (4 cyl.) ....... Arr‘ Arc Arc.Arc. \rc. Arc. A An: Arc.Arc.

Au urn(4cyl) ...... A A A A A A A A Arc ” (6cyl.) ....... Arc Arc Arc.Arc.

" (6cyl) ....... '. . .. . .. . .. . . .. .. .Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc. National....u..u.... A A ’A A A A A A A Arr;

.............. E A A A A A A A A ‘ Oakland............ A Arc. A Are. A Arc Arr.Arc.Arc.Arc.

" (Model C) 1 Ton .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . .. Arc. Arc. ArcArC. Oldsmobile. . .. .Arc ArC.Arc ,Arc. Arc

' k .............. A Arc- A Arc. A Are. A Arc Arc. Arc. Overland ....... .. . . . .Arc.,Arc.Arc ArcArc.

Cid ac ............. Arc. An" Arc Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc.Arc. Packard ....... .. . . .Arc. A At; A Arc.

,.,.....................Arc.Arc. Paige .............. .A E A A AArc.

A A A Are. A Arc. A Arc A Arc. " (6Cyl) ........ .... ... ArcArc.

A Arr Arr Arr rc.Arc A A Arc.Arc. Pathfinder .......... A Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc. Arc.

.. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc. Premier ............. A Arc. A Arc. A Arc. A Arc. A Are.

13 B B B 'B B 13 ii 8 . A Arc.Arc.Arc. rc.Arc...... .. . ..

“ (water) ....... . . .. . Arc. Arc.Arc.Arc. A Arc. Arc. ArcArc. Arc. Arc. Arc.Arc. Arc.

Chevrolet................. . A A A Arc.ArC.Arc. A Arc. A Are. A Arc. A Arc. A re,

Cole ................ A ArcArc. Arc.Arc.ArC.Arc ArcArc Am.- Saxon -------- .. E E _

Detroiter ............ . .. A Are. A Arc. A A A Arc. smdebfl‘" ---------- A Arc‘ArC-Arc- A Are A ArchruArc

“ (8Cyl) ..........Arc.Arc. SlutL; ............. ........Arc.Arc.ArC.Arc. A A

Dodge .............. ~‘ E Vsllel‘0y1.l~ AArc. A Arc. AArc.AArc.A Am

E.M.F ............. Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.....................,,,, . (6054.). ..‘.......‘..........ArC.ArcArc.Arc

- Am Arc. Am Arc. Arc. Arc. A,“ whim. . ..‘ .......... Arc. Arc.Are. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc Arc. Arc.

Arc. .. Wlnmn ........... Arc.Arc. Arc. Arc.Arc.Arc ArC.Arc Arc Arc.

....Arc.Arc..,..

EEEEEEE TRCTORS

Arc.AArc.AAAA 3r. 3-.

Are. A Arc.............., Modelof E '2 Modclof 5 ‘2

.. ,. . . .. .. .Arc..‘\rc.Arc.Arc. Tractor E "' Tractor 5 5;

Arc. A Arc. A Arc. A Are. (3 3 ‘3 w

Arcr Are. A Arc.,Arc,Arc.ArC.Arc. Aullman-Taylor Hart Parr ............ B A

Hupmobile' ......... fl. .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. A Arc. .A Are. A Are: (4 cyl. horizontal) A Arc. llccr

" (Model 20) Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc. . . .. . .... . Avery ................. B A. (2 cyl. horizontal) A Arc.

LH.C.(air) ........ B A B A B A Best .................. ii A l. in; ............... Arc,

" l(wal.cr)..... A A A A A A Big_Four(20) ...... A Arc. lmpcri.’ll(40) ......... A

..nternational... ‘ Bull ................. A A Lambert (Model X) A Arc.

. A Arc. A Arc. A Arc. Bullcy (MoilclAl).. A A Leud:r(Hcavy Duty) A Arc,

. A Arc.Arr Arr Are/ire. Holt Caterpillar ...... A A Lion .................. A A

A A AArc. C,0. . M.6L ............. A

"- Arc.Arc.Arc. ,A Are. (2 cylnhorizontal) A Arc. Nichols 6c Shepard

A E A A A Arc. Denning (2 cyl. horizontal) A Arc.

,. . .. . .. . . . . AreArc. (Models 88: C).- A A ghio -------- ---Arc. Arc.

, A Arc, A Art. A AFC. Eagle ................. A _A caves (40) ._ A A

Arr- Are A Arc. A Art. E. B. Farm-“mun A Arc. Rumely ..... .. A Arc.

A A A A EmersonBramingh'm Russell.......... . A Arc.

A A A A A Arc. (ModelL—Big4—20) A Arc. iSimplex

n- Arr A Arc.. .. Fairbanks Morse ----- A Arc. -(4 cyl. horizontal)“ A Arc.

_ A A" A" Arr Art: A“; Farquliar ............. A Arc. Strire................. A A

. A . A Are. A Arc...’ Flour City ............ A Arc. Twin City ............ A A

..Am Arr AreAm Arr Arc. ” “(HeavyDuty) B A Universal

. . A Arc. A Are. A Arc. Gray .................. A A (ModelsA&B)...An- ...

Mitchell ............ A m. A Are. A Arc. A re A Arc.‘ _H_ac_kn§yAulo Plow. A A miTypc D) A Arc.

VACUUM OIL COMPANY, Rochester, N.Y., U.S.A.





Specialists in the manufacture of high-grade lubricant: for

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as





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ALL WORN

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THE MICHIGAN FARMFR





MI.»





BARGAINS '





OWENS FACT DRY-REBUILT PEA AND BEAN THRESHERS





A CHANCE

TO OWN



AN OWENS

THRESHER

AT GREATLY

REDUCED

PRICES





We have a few 36:54 end26x44, also one 16x28 of our threshers





quickly for cash.

Write J. l... OWENS COMPANY,





 





taken in by us on foreclosure sale that we are going to close out '





MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.





 





“FIRE





This powerful





home, factory. school,





fire.





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in big cities the world over.





 





 





'l‘lle nlxvvc cut

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oflfllio. Actual

size, 12 (Ind 22

in. long;2 in.

in Diameter;

weight lesl

than 4 lbs.





store and every other institutionto

have etimmediete command an ab-

solutely reliable protection against

loss to life or property by accidental





Its action is marvelous—mystifying

M o d e r n

Science startles the world with a com-

bination : of dry powder chemicals

which. coming into contact with heat

or flame, instantaneously change into

the woxn‘eriul Carbon Di-Oxide gas.

permeating and destroying e v e r y

blaze. coal and spark oi fire. This is ‘

the same gas generated by the large _

chemical engines used in fighting Tillie



e

" Fire Chief ” simply bringsthis world renowned egency into convenient, compact and

efficient form for home protection. It is simple, safe and sure—absolutely rehnble under

any on i all circumstances—nothing to get out of order-will never cake, pack. corrode

or absorb moisture—a child can use it—will last forever. unless used. without loss of

power—is light of weight and inexpensive—endorsed in the highest terms by thousands

of home owners. factories. fire departments. insurance companies, fire marshals and

leading fire appliance experts of the United States and foreign countries.





PRICE' 12 in. Single Extinguisher, House or Auto Size, 32.00; Pa Dozen, $24.00

' 22 in. Single Extinguisher, $3.00; Per Dozen, $30.00





FIRE CHIEF SALES CO.





AGENTS WANTED





Protect Your Loved Ones With





CHIEF”





Dry Chemical Powder Fire Extinguisher

A Revolution in Fire Protection





little fire-fighting

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mill. hotel.





 





TOLEDO. .OHIO





 





- line nu "lien Coed." free to lane—Fm



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ry end Quince Tm, also email fruits end



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Threehee 00pr and soy been:



so v from the mown vines. who“. oete.



rye and barley. A perfect combi-



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i tor n. . Station. booklets:

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Morriotown. Tenn.





PAPIG Sill] FILLER





Big Bargsin





SIZE L, IO-INOH $ I 85-2-2





 





 





souo WHEEL

ll. E. Blililifll. llowell, lick.





When writing to adver-

tisers please mention the

Michigan Farmer.





 





Wm





What Is Rock

Phosphate Worth?





When at the Ohio Agricultural College 40

pounds, costing about 15c, added to n ton

of manure vo increase crop yields

worth 75c. is was the reeult of an ei h-

teen-year test and is one 0! the many t

prove the claim, “Rock'Phoophnlo in the

most economical and only permanent

source of Phoe hate." Get literature from

no to—day on De]: phate. Mention

this spot and we will send on free a copy

of ' he Farm The: Won’t ear Out.”





FEDERAL CHEMICAL CO.

Crowd Rock Department

l2 cm Si. COLUMBIA. TENN.





Moi





Half the value you set from

an engine depends on get'

ting the right one for your

nwds. end fitting it prop-

erly to the job. Davis is a

practice] farmer and shop





 





 





ENGINE

BUYERS





Talk [I men. as Well as affliction]

engine builder. Be news and



over in. edvioo in van: end un-

remdicea. Writehim today.



ghee. At the some time got





your copy of "Engine facts”

-telle you all about the 1916

model. of the lemons LIB

I N G I





with Davis!





. P





 





strongest. most economical



engine made—«rill m 10



hours on 6 ate. worth of lamp



oil per horse power-w days



, free trial-104m guaranty——



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D.





ELLlS EIEIIE Bllflfllil.





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Ask for price. BARTLETT. 00.. gJynckoon. Mich





 





Farm Notes





When to Plow Under Green Manure

- Crops.



What is the best stage for buck-

wheat to be in to be of the most val.

ue when turned under for soil im«

provement? Also, any other green





stuff?



Cheboygan Co. T. O. P.



The proper time to plow down a

green manure cr0p will depend upon

other conditions besides that of the

stage of maturity of the crop itself,

such as the condition of the soil, the

season of the year, and general cli-

matic conditions. Green manure crops

should, however, preferably be plowed

in when they are still green and full

of moisture. Decomposition will take

place more rapidly if they are plowed

under before they have reached the

stage of maturity in which they con-

tain large amounts of woody fiber.

Also they should be plowed down

when the soil contains sufllcient mois-

ture to insure prompt decomposition

of the vegetable matter. If such a

crop is plowed too late in the fall,

slow decomposition and the produc-

tion of an acid condition may result.

Where fall sown crops are to follow

the green manure crop, it is best to

plow several weeks before seeding

time if practical, in order that the

soil may be well compacted and capil-

larity well established so as to make

a good seed bed.



The varying conditions as related to

all of those mentioned factors make

the problem an individual one in ev-

ery case. As a general proposition.

however, it will be safe to plow a

green manure crop under at any time





when conditions are reasonably fav- '

Trouble is more often expe< ~'





orable.

rienced when a green manure crop

such as rye is permitted to reach too

advanced a stage of growth when

plowed down in the spring, particular-





‘ ly if the season of plowing is follow-





ed by unusually dry weather.





When to Cut Cowpeas for Hay.





As this is my first year’s experi-

ence raising cowpeas I would like

your advice in regard to cutting them

for hay. What stage of growth of the

pea to cut, then about what time of

the year to cut, how much to cure for

best results and any other information





you may give me.

Allegan Co. G. N. B.





The best time to cut cowpeas for

hay is when the pods are developed

but before the seed has formed to any

extent. At this time the plants con-

tain a maximum of nutrients and can

be cured for hay more easily than it

cut at an earlier stage of growth. If

left until still more mature the stalks

will contain more fibre and the hay

will be less palatable and digestible.

Cowpeas are quite difficult to cure in-

to the best of hay owing to the size

of the stalks. The best way is to rake

them after nicely wilted, bunch them

up into good sized cocks, and let them

cure out before hauling. This is an

easy matter in good weather, but

somewhat difficult during wet weather

such as has prevailed during the hay-

ing and harvesting season. Under

unfavorable conditions they could be

more quickly cured in small windrows,





but the damage would be greater from ;





rain should it occur during the cur-

ing process.





SAVING LABOR lN FARM WORK.





 





A great deal has been written about

scientific management and personal

efficiency, especially in connection

with manufacturing and the trades,

and as a result of scientific motion

study the workman’s daily output has

sometimes been doubled without any





greater expenditure of energy on his‘





part. The efficiency experts have not,

as yet, given much attention to agri-

cultural operations although in some

ways the conditions on the farm are

almost ideal for putting into practice

the principles of scientific manage-

ment. On a majority of the farms

the farmer is both manager and labor-





SEPT. 18, 1915.





er, and on most of the larger farms

the entire working force is not larger

than the crew under a single foreman

in a factory; there are no labor un-

ions to contend with and the farmer

is free to carry out his own plans.



Strength and ability to do manual

labor is an important part of the

farmer’s resources and it should be a

part of his business to conserve those

resources. Some farmers seem to

think-that any attempt to do a thing

easily is evidence of laziness and do

not seem to realize that it is results

that count rather than the amount of

effort put forth. They would be shock-

ed at the idea of paying higher wages

than necessary, or more than the mar-

ket price for an article, but fail to

realize that their strength and time

have a money value and that when

they use more of either than neces-

sary to do a piece of work they are

paying more than the job is worth. I

have seen ranchers in the west riding

horseback behind the harrow. Most

eastern farmers would consider this

the height of laziness but as a matter

of fact saddle horses are cheaper

than men. Wherever horses or me.-

chinery can be used as economically

as hand labor it is only a matter of

common sense and good business to

use them.



In cutting corn by hand it is possi-

ble to save considerable time by fol-

lowing a. definite method of operation.

The accompanying figure illustrates

this for the case where two men are

cutting and setting up around a horse.

One man binds the shocks While the

other moves the horse.





 





 





 





 





Something can be saved by a little

thought in even such a simple opera—





tion as unharnessing a horse. We

have often seen a teamster go to the

horse’s shoulders, unbuckle the har~

ness, work back to the crouper and

then go back into the stall to lift

the harness. By beginning at the

crouper and working towards the head

the harness can at once be lifted as

soon as the hames are unloosed, thus

saving the time required to walk the

length of the stall. When a series

of operations are gone through with

every day, as in the doing of regular

chores, a little careful planning will

result in the saving of many unnec-

essary steps.



A little thought along these lines

will suggest to any farmer many ways

by which time and effort can be sav-

ed in both the larger and smaller op—

’erations of farm work.





Allegan Co. 0. F. Evsns.





A HANDY CORN RACK.





 





I see in our paper you ask for

farmers’ ideas. Here is one good

way to cure seed corn. Take a board

a foot wide and four feet long, round

the top, and bore a hole to hang it





.up by, drive nails in the board two





and one-half inches apart, slanting

them up a little. Stick the ears on the

nails and hang up to drY. If you

hang them on rafters or joists you

can put nails through both ways, but

if you want to hang them on the wall

you can only use one side of the

board. This gives the corn 3. chance

to dry, and the ears will not touch

each other and can be handled easily

if you want to move the corn.

Clinton 00.





J. H. l





I





 





 





 





. .-—._.__._.. "—m m-





4L
SEPT. 18, 1915.





Sewage Disposal on the Farm





By FLOYD W. ROBISON





One of the conditions most unsatis-

factory upon the modern farm is the

almost entire lack of any adequate

sewage disposal. This condition is be-

coming more and more noticeable with

the greater familiarity which country

people have of the ways and privi-

leges existing in cities. In fact, the

conveniences of an adequate water

supply and an effective sewage dis-

posal plant are two of the main items

which make city life so convenient

and agreeable. These conveniences

have not been installed largely upon

the farms because of the supposed

financial burden involved in their in-

stallation. Inquiry, however, is being

directed quite generally toward the

possibility of installing all of these

conveniences on the farm. The water

system, the sewage disposal system

and the installation of an electric

light system on the farm all are with-

in the range of possibility and need

not entail an enormous expenditure of

money. '



Sewage Disposal Most Important.



Taking precedence, however, over

all the others, in our judgment, is. the

problem of the adequate disposition

of sewage from the farm home. The

time is not far distant, in our judg-

ment, when many of the prevailing

methods of sewage disposal in the cit-

ies will be changed and municipalities

are beginning now to study the possi-

bilities of other types of sewage dis-

posal than the one now most general-

ly adopted. Most cities dispose of the

sewage in the same way that the city

of Detroit disposes of its sewage, that

is, by the throwing of it into the gen-

eral sewage system which empties di-

rectly into the Detroit river. Other

cities, like Lansing and Grand Rapids,

dispose of their sewage in a similar

way, by emptying it into the river

which traverses that section. An in-

junction suit brought by the officials

of a township through which the

Grand river passes after leaving the

city of Grand Rapids, which injunc-

tion was brought to restrain the city

of Grand Rapids from dumping its

sewage into the Grand river, indicates

in a measure what is in the public

mind regarding this system.



People Are Asking Questions.



There has been a joint international

Waterways Commission appointed by

the governments of the United States

and the Dominion of Canada to in-

quire into the question of the pollu-

tion of the lakes and rivers which

form the boundary line between these

two countries. This is another in-

stance showing the gradual trend of

public scientific opinion and if one

may judge at all from these things he

will realize that a different method of

sewage disposal must be worked out

in the future. It is absurd to think of

the conditions prevailing along the

American boundary, from Detroit to

Lake Erie. To think that any individ-

ul, much less a corporation as large

as any of the villages which lie along

the Detroit river would think of using

as a source of its water supply the

Detroit river into which this city of

600,000 or 700,000 population is empty-

ing its sewage is to assume an entire

lack of appreciation of the terrible

condition in which that water must be.

Few Farms Have Sewage Facilities.



On the farm, however, no attempt

has been made except on farms which

are contiguous to cities, to make any

convenient disposal of the sewage

whatsoever, and as unquestionably the

next few'years will see a marked

advance in the conveniences found

about the farm home, one may well

understand that an effective sewage

disposal plan must be worked out for

the ordinary farm.



Of course, the ideal plan of sewage

disposal is that plan which facilitites

the efforts of nature to return the

sewage itself to a station of complete





 





,to ammonia does not take place. From





.stable and in a position suitable for





formal way.





T‘HE MICHIGAN'FAR‘MER





5—237





 





rest. That is, to the station of com-

plete mineralization and oxidation,

which station means that the water]

equilibrium and carbonic acid equilib-

rium and the nitrates equilibrium have

become established. In this condition!

into which the matter has become re-

SOlved the materials are entirely des-i

titute of any available potential ener-

gy. In other words, nitrogen in the,

form of nitrates is at complete rest; 3

hydrogen and oxygen in the form of;

water are at complete rest; carbon:

and oxygen in the form of carbon diox—

ide are at Complete rest. They are}

the final changes into which nature,

resolves its elements when this finali

equilibrium is established. The end.l

in point of all animal or vegetable lifef

therefore is one of a complete balancel

for the oxidized and mineralized ele-‘

rients. They are the goal points of

vegetable and mineral life, so when;

once the cycle of growth has disturbed!

the equilibrium of those substancesl

there is a continual effort on the parti

of nature to resolve them finally backi

as the ultimate end of One of her proc-l

esses to these simple balanced sub-

stances again.



A Study of the Behavior of Nitrogen

Illustrates the Natural Process.

Assuming, then, that we may take;

as our example the behavior of the]

nitrogen compounds in their station of,l

final equilibrium in the soil, that is,

in the form of nitrates; through the

medium of plant life the nitrates be-

come converted into protein or vege‘

table albumin. Now through the me-

dium of animal life this vegetable pro-

tein becomes converted into animal

protein. From this point the nitrogen l

compounds take one or the other of

two courses. The first change is into

the simpler nitrogen compounds

through the medium of digestion. The

other change is through animal death

into dead organisms or inert lifeless

protein. The protein which becomes

changed through the medium of di-

gestion is converted by the process of

oxidiatlon, that is in the presence of

oxygen, first to urea and finally

trhough a process of final oxidation

to ammonia. If this process is per-

fectly normal and unimpaired the step

from urea to ammonia is quite rapid.

If, however, through the use of cer-

tain disinfectants, so-called preserv-}

ing agents, the bacterial life is de-

stroyed, then the resolving of the urea





 





 





 





 





ammonia the next step in the proceSS





Best heat for farm home





Put June warmth in every room





A farm mother deserVes

and ought to have all

the comforts and con-

veniences that the city

mother enjoys. First of

all she needs a warm,

evenly-heated house free

from drafts, chill and

She must

\also be freed from the

back-breaking drudgery

of “tending stoves.” Old

fashioned heating meth-

ods wear women out, and

even. then only heat the





dampness.





 





 





house in “spots,” spout





dust, gases and dirt, and use up far more fuel than necessary. With

radiator heating every nook and corner of the whole house is made

The strongest wind or fiercest blizzard cannot stop the

steady flow of comfortable heat all over the house from





fl MERICAN&[





cozy.





RADIAIORS





a stove for one room.

unknown.





IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators bring no dust, ashes or coal-gas into the rooms.

Wild blizzards only make them more active in keeping the cold out of the house.

noiseless, absolutely safe (a child can run them), and can at any time be put in new or old houses

with ease without disturbing anything or tearing out walls or partitions.

They protect the farm house against fire risk and run independently of

the water works supply or water mains, as same water is used over and





over again for years.





The IDEAL Boiler may be put in cellar or side room and will burn any

local fuel—wood, oil gas, lignite,

hard or soft coal,

grades of pea coal, slack, run of

mine, screenings, etc.) If warm

interferes with storing

vegetables, boiler and pipes may

covered and all heat then goes

to upper floors.

Bankers and real estate men will

back our statement that it is a





 





A No. 1021 IDEAL Boile

sq. ft. of 38 in. AMERICAN Radia-

tors. costing the owner $185, were





used to heat this cottage





r and 262





, at which





price the goods can be bought of any





reputable, competent Fitter.





This





did not include cost of labor, pipe,





valves, freight,





etc., which vary





according to climatic and other





conditions.





Sold by all dealers.

N0 exclusive agents.





DEAL





BOILERS





thousands of farm houses IDEAL-AMERICAN Radiator heating is saving fuel

every year and giving the families a world of comfort and health.

heat the whole house with one fire and require no more care—taking than to run

Best of all, they last forever and a repair bill is almofl

They increase the value of your property to more than theircost.





cellar





paying





ment and not an expense.



Let us tell you all about

it and give you special

information so you can





judge





today—now—for free book-

let “Ideal Heating." You

will not be asked to

promise or obligate your-

self in anyway, but send

for this book at once.





AMERICANRADIATORGOMPANY





These splendid heating outfits are no

longer considered “luxuries for the rich.”

The smallest farm cottage or largest

arm house can be equipped at very

reasonable cost. At present low iron

market the cost will surprise you. In





These outfits





They are





even cheap





 





 





 





and permanent invest-





 





 





IDEAL Boilers have

large fuel pots in

which the air and coal

gases thoroughly mix

as in a modern gas or

oil mantle or burner.

thus extracting cvcry





for yourself. Write





bit of the heat born

the fuel. Easier to run

than a stove and no

parts to wear or rust.





Write to Dept. F3

hicago





 





 





 





of nitrification is the formation of

nitrites, a step further in the oxida-

tion than is ammonia. From nitrites

the nitrogen becomes converted into





COLD WEATHER WILL SOON BE HERE





Have you a. FUR COAT or ROBE that needs a NEW LINING,

'I Hi BLISSFIELD ROBE 8- TANNING 60., will gladly pay the CHARGES if sent to them, and by





FASTENERS, or the FUR repaired?





nitrates again which is the final step, a return mail will giveyou a low estimate on putting your li‘l'R GOODS in condition as good as new.





the resting point which we described I If the price is not satisfactory, goods are returned FREE OF





' THE BLISSFIELD ROBE 6: TANNING COMPANY,





above.

Water is the Great Medium for the

Purification of Sewage.



In the case of the death of the ani-

mal body the animal proteid becomes

converted into ammonia through the

process of putrefaction and from this

point on the step is exactly the same

as in the resolving of the ammonia

into nitrates through the process of

digestion. As in many other changes

in nature this process is most speedily

accomplished through the medium of

water, consequently we find that a

treatment of sewage with this ulti-

mate purpose of bringing the nitro-

genous matter there present back into

the form of nitrates where they are

entirely inactive, entirely innocuous,





the real nourishing of plants is most

conveniently and rapidly accomplish-





CHARGE.





Lock Box M. F., Blissfield, Michigan





 

 

 

 

 

 





sou: mnecr mom neronv.

2 H-P $34.95; 3 H-P $52.50; 4





2193 Oakland Avenue.

Kansas City. Mo.





Plflflwl‘fll. Pa.





219 Empln I Ids.





 





. 'FU‘ELZSAVI NG.





WITIEEN‘GINES





Kerosene. Distillate. Gasoline, Gas.





s-vun ouuuurv.

75 6





H-PSGQ. : H





. ICIOI'V.





. Our





full





   





—P $97.75'

8 H-P $139.66: 12 H-P $197.00; 16 H-P $279.70; 22 11-15

$359.80. Portable Engines Proportionally Low.

Prices F. 0. I F

Besides lower price, WlTTE engines use lose fuel

per H-P hour_— from one-fourth to one-third less-

enough saving In a year to pay entire cost of engine.

y_ starting; no cranking

buildm makes this higher quality for on. at a

one pro t for us. Used for all kinds o

300 Write us. so we can send you by

M return mail. '

WITTE ENGINE WORKS.





years engine

work .





information.





 

 





 

 

 

   





 





 





ed in a septic tank. This subject we

have described before in a very in-

It will be the subject of

our next paper and there we will de-

scribe the conditions which make for

efficient and safe sewage disposal

through the medium of the septic

tank.





 





as





‘ *- N I 00000 I

.egogli‘iizolln aniyfit' '3}





to ale.





rated

dc

A





warm s3. is,





i” “"2

ea {$4.28.





WAW lows





 





 





LILLIE'S SPECIAL BRANDS





BUFFALO FERTILIZER





Made from best_ material. Always reliable.

Lime. Potash. Acid Phosphate, Nitrate of Soda.

Agents wanted in unoccupied territory. Ship di-

rect to farmers In earlots. Fertilizer questions

answered and farm soil surveys made on request.





 





 





 





 





Colon C. Lillie, Sales Ash. Cooperswlle, Mich.

Pulverlzed lime rock for “sour"

soils. Write for LOW PRICES

DIRECT TO YOU and we will

send sample and full particu-



lars. Write to office nearest you.



LAKE SHORE STONE COMPANY. '

Muskegon. Mich. and Benton Harbor, Inch





—You'should get the highest grade

of limestone manufactured. Buy

it. upon the basis of analysis. We

manufacture the highest grade pul-





verized limestone sold i '

Let us prove it. Ask for sample and angllfiigligan.

CAMPBELL STONE 09.. Indian River. Mleh.





 





 





 





sample and price. orthern Lime Co., Petoskey,Mich.





LEARN AUCTIONEERING amnesia:





and become independent with no capital invested.





 





S NAT'L SCHOOL 8OF AUCTIONEERING;

28 N. Sacramento Blvd.. Chicago, Ill. Cuoy M. Jones. Pres.





 





LIMESTONEI





For general form use. Finely pulverized. made from highest ‘

high calcium stone. gluick shipments in clonerlcars. Let us send ‘





Every branch ofathe b iness taught in 5 weeks. '

; $32: today for free cats. 0





l
POWER





STUMD'

FULLER.





 





The immense stump shown above—a



fir 5 feet' in diameter—was pulled by



C E. Pra’ther, of 7431 Gatewood Ave.,



Seattle,Wash.,with a “K" HAND-POWER

STUM P PULLER—-—the

“Krupp SteelWonder" that

Mill pull any stump a l-in



cable will hold.



’Bullt for the heaviest kind of

w





 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





saving offer.





 





 





i Free ork. I have sold hundreds,

’ booklet and have neverhadcomplaint

| On Land or a request for repairs.

3 01%”; ingn Adopted by U. S. Gov't and

‘ ’3 heft. many‘States. Makes clearing

“’0 an easy. one-man job.

work

easiest.

:‘IHII'ITOK quickest .

Write for photos

B2 ms?" showing“l("atw

co. Cal. Getmpspeclal money





 





 





 





 





Time And Labor;

Savmg Stanchions





The West Bend Swinging Stanch-

ions and Cow Stops permit you to

lock or unlock from 2 to 50 cows on

one instant, with one motion of the

lever. An8yearold

‘ boy can operate it.

These stanchions

are perfectly ad-

l ()U l l ’ Mi Ni justable tolargeor



small necked cat-



tle. N o additions necessary. They are

perfect and we would like to send you our

free catalog which proves this statement.

We make a complete line of Feed and

Litter Carriers.Mangers,Drinking Foun-

tains, Stalls Stanchions, Pens, etc. It' s

the perfected West Bend Line. Write for

that free book today. A postal will. do.





WEST BEND BARN EQUIPMENT CO.





 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





' " V . '

FOR DAIRY COWS In





Will positively itEroduce more milk than any

other ration e er home mixed or purchased

and do it without giving your cows constipa-

tion or udder trouble. Ready to useright out

of the sack without any mixing or





* r

" 37 (fr/1;!) “4”

u I ” ¢:;ll { VA ( I j: v a





Absolutely frsefrom adulteranls and tillers, inst like

the food would mix for o'Mmyom'self. ls awards!

combinat on of choice





lcll '

:Jydgo'l'ug’ 1:;th corn inf. an 11E? "artistic-n :hga

drivenmm mixer. so than“: slwn a abuolu | ungrgand

"' "tamed





 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





I 'gh'eirrttzqmt. frgrneaeh

eowruym more

«doinggeveryw ere: tom mugs-“yin:

“immune to. 104'! mm.m¢,m

l :I





 





 





 





:0": :3- 75, Eviafisbew o-dmthbgnthls writend





agmm8m&oudflylfim KNIG KIRBOCKIB





 





THE MICHIGAN FAR‘MER

Developing Young Meat Animals





HE statement is often made that



“a man who makes two blades



of grass to grow where only one

grew before is a public benefactor.”

It might be properly said that the

man who makes two pounds of meat

to grow where only one grew before,

without additional cost to the produc-

er, is a benefactor. And I will also

add that he who teaches a plan by

which a given amount of meat can be

grown in one-half the time which it





has formerly required to produce the.





same is a benefactor.

Old-time Methods.



It is a well known fact that meat

producers of all classes up to about

forty years ago, followed a plan of

growing their animals along slowly to

What they called “mature years,” and

then would load them with fat and

call them ready for market. Many of

the older men of Michigan will re-

member the great display of beef cat-

tle William Smith, of Detroit, used to

make at the Michigan State Fair.

There were animals that actually

weighed over 3,000 pounds each. They

were great in size and were such as

would astonish the onlookers at the

shows. During the cavalcade they

were led around the track, bedecked

with ribbons and roaettes. Those ani-

mals were not fed in a manner to de-

velop 'them while young. They had

heavy bones, but were not heavily

muscled. On the surface at some

points, notably beside the tail and on

the ribs, there were great bunches of

fat. The lean meat had been grown

along slowly and the fat put on later.



It was my privilege at several

Christmas shows, made by Mr. Smith,

to see some of the carcasses of those

animals hanging in the shop. There

was a good deal of waste of weight in

throwing aside the bunches of fat.

People at that time were not as par—

ticular about the quality of the meat

purchased as they are now. The meat

sold for good prices, but I have my

doubts about the selling price equal-

ing the cost of production. The show

meat was worked off with some that

was not considered as good to make

it all pay out, and yet the seller did

not seem to get rich at that business.



The Economic Point.



The point I wish to make is, that

those heavy animals were produced at

a loss. There was feed wasted all

along from the time the animals were

calves, to the time they were slaugh-

tered for beef. They were not given

such food as would develop the grow-

ing animal harmoniously. Some of

the feed was rich in carbohydrates,

such as keep up the heat and energy,

but did not produce muscles, and as

they fed the animals along slowly in

order to let the bones grow, conse-

quently there was much of the feed

wasted. During the long periods of

feeding much feed is required to sus-

tain life, and keep the machinery of

the body running, but small returns

are made in growth and the accumu-

lation of fat. It can be seen that it is

an expensive way to produce meat:



Another fact should be kept in mind.

The muscles'which are the lean meat





 





 





 





that are grown along slowly are not





;'intermingled with fat and the meat is





therefore dry, leathery and of a poor





liquality. Such meat lacks juiciness and

:good flavor.





It suits the restaurant

men, the boarding house keepers and

hotel men, for it “spends well,” as

they express it, but does not meet the

approval of the consumers because it

lacks palatability, is not easily masti-





,cated, nor does it give up a large





amount of nutrients while it is being

digested.

The Dawn of a New Era.



If we were to search the records of

the doings of mankind in the produc-

tion of meats, from the dawn of the

civilized ages to 200 years ago, we

would fail to find that the art of pro-

.duclng palatable, cheap and nutritious





meats had been discovered. Occa-

sionally the kid, the young deer and

the “fatted calf” is mentioned as

among some of the meats that were

indulged in on special occasions, but

the reason why the meat was sweet,

juicy and palatable, was not discov-

ered.



When, in the eighteenth century

the improved breeds of cattle and oth-

er stock were formed from the stock

of a great variety of make up, by ju-

dicious selection and better care the

reason for better quality of meat was

not yet discovered. The improvement

in the quality of the meat- was as-

cribed to the breed and selection of

animals that had the inherent capa-

bility of making good meat, was given

the- credit. Not even in the yellow

red bull calf, Tubback, which did so

much to fix in the Shorthorn breed

the characteristic of early growth and

development, did they. see wherein his

superiority was to be found. As soon

as the famous early Shorthorn breed-

er, Charles Coiling, had bought the

calf he sent for his wife to come and

see “the handsomest calf she ever

saw in her life.” The secret was the

calf had been developed young, and

his harmonious proportions made him

an ideal in beauty. Neither did those

old worthies who formed the Hereford

breed realize wherein was the supe—

riority of the mottle-faced calf which

was the foundation and the beginning

rif that excellent beef breed.



After the war of the rebellion, when

the great movement was made to util-

ize the grasses on the plains of the

great west, the battle of the breeds

began. The Texas ranger was too

slow to come to maturity and get into

market condition and as fast as pos-

sible he was discarded, and some-

thing that would make growth and got

ready for market sooner, was sought

after. About all the breeds and their

grades were tried and there was a bat-

tle for the survival of the fittest.

Hardiness and early maturity was the

characteristics that won. The large,

bony Shorthorn gave way for the

compact Scotch bred animals of the

same breed. Subsisting on the rugged

hills of Scotland where feed was not

of the best quality made them hardy

and strengthened their vital organs.

With these qualifications the small,

compact Shorthorn could rustle beside

the modern Hereford which had taken

the place of the large, coarse animals

of the breed. These breeds in com—

petition with the Galloway and Polled

Angus constitute the winning classes

that won popular favor in the hands

of the ranchmen and breeders as prof-

itable producers, and met the approv-

al of the exacting consumers. The

best specimens of any of these breeds

had, in a quarter of a century, been

so modified that they appeared like a

much smaller and improved model of

the old breeds.



What Has Been Accomplished.



In developing the animals which

have made up the different improved

breeds, great improvements in the an-

imals have been made. The animals

have been transformed from the pinch





backed, pot bellied, cat hammed, ewe D





necked slow growers that could util-

ize about all of the nutrients in the

feed they cdnsume, make a. constant

and rapid growth from very early in

life and make rich returns for the

feed they have utilized on which to

grow. It is the period of growth I

wish to emphasize at this time.



By crowding the young animals

along while the breeds were being

formed, great good was accomplished

in several ways. By growing rapidly

the quality of the meat was improved.

Less time is required to reach a given

weight which enables the producers

to secure quick returns for the feed

and care bestowed on their animals.

During the short periods of growth

less feed is required to sustain life





SEPT. 18.11915.





which makes a saving in that direc-

tion. The thrifty habit is formed

which enables the young animal to

make larger returns for the feed con-

sumed, than is possible if the slow

growing native and lndiflerently bred

stock is used.



From what has been stated it is

reasonable to conclude that in order

to secure the best results and make

the largest profits in raising and mar-

ketlng meat animals on the farm, good

specimens of the improved breeds

must be used. While it is not possi«

bio for all to have pure-bred stock, it

is possible and profitable for all to

secure the services of a pure-bred

sire. A single visit to our stock

yards will convince an ordinary ob

server that a good deal of feed is be-

ing wasted on interior, slow growing,

meat making animals.



When we consider the high prices

for good meat animals which prevail

at the present time, one feels con.





strained to urge a revival of interest >





along the lines of breeding, feeding

and marketing better stock which will

give quicker and larger returns for

the feed consumed. Whether one is

making a specialty of breeding, feed

ing and selling cattle, sheep or hogs.

the same principles hold good and

the same benefits can be derived from

following the same plans. It is the

quick growing bullock, lamb or pig

that brings the generousreturns and

gives the greatest satisfaction to both

producer and consumer. I» am ready

to say that the man who can stimu-

late and secure greater efforts along

these lines, is a public benefactor.

Wayne Co: N. A. CLAPP.





THE LIVE STOCK SHOWS AT SAN

FRANCISCO.





 





From September 30 to December 3,

the Panama—Pacific International Ex-

position at San Francisco will be the

scene of a succession of live stock

shows, which, it is believed, will sur-

pass any ever held in the United

States, or even in the world. From

the list of those who have already sig<

nified their intention to participate, it

is assumed that in all the shows ani-

mals and poultry of the finest quality,

and in large quantity, will be repre‘

sented. Almost half a million dollars

have been appropriated for the live

stock features of the exposition. The

exposition itself has apportioned $190,—

000 for cash prizes for live stock and

horse show, 45 breed record associa-

tions have set aside $100,237 for spe-

cial premiums, and the commissions

of various states have appropriated a

total of $150,230 for participation of

live stock from their respective re-

gions. The quarantine has been rais-

ed in practically all the states and

stock shipments can now be made

without restriction. The dates for the

various shows are as follows:





Horses, mules and asses, Sept. 30-

Oct. 13.



Cattle, beef and dairy, Oct. 18-

Nov. 1.



Sheep, Nov. 3-

Nov. 15.

“Carlots of live stock, Nov. 11-Nov.

8Poultry and pigeons, Nov. 18—Nov.





goats and swine,





bogls, cats and pet stock, Nov. 29‘

cc. .

Children’s pets, Dec. 1-3.





LIVE STOCK EXPERIMENTS.





 





In an experiment conducted by the

Oregon Experiment Station, compar-

ing skim-milk and tankage as supple-

mental feeds for swine, equal nutri-

ents being fed, lot one made a total





of 669 lbs. of gain, consuming 2.72 lbs. ‘





of barley and 6.31 lbs. of skim-milk

per pound of gain; and lot two, 608

lbs. gain, consuming 3.331 lbs. of bar-

ley and 0.35 lbs. of tankage per pound

of gain. The cost per pound of gain

in lot two was 5.84 cents. The value





of skim-milk for each pound of gain. .

in lot one as compared with lot two ,





was 28.29 cents.
SEPT. '18, 1915.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





Haphazard Breeding of Dairy Cows





generally recognized and gener-



ally followed, that only full-

blooded males should be used in

breeding, a very large number of

scrubs are raised from this practice.

In the section in which the writer is

living very few bulls have been kept

except full-blooded animals for a third

of a century, yet there are more cat-

tle showing no'particular breed than

there are of those showing marked

breeding characteristics. Nor is there

any particular improvement, either in

size or productiveness as dairy ani-

mals, over those kept in our boyhood

days. One does not care to “knock”

his home surroundings, but I speak of

this because it is something that I

know about; and what is true here is

no doubt true the country over wher-

ever several breeds of cattle are kept

in a community. A few men are keep-

ing single breeds and are building up





NOTW‘ITHSTANDING the fact,





' fine and uniform herds that are pro-





ductive and profitable and a credit to

their owners; but many are breeding

to bulls first of one breed and then of

another and the result is a lot of cat-

tle of no particular breed and showing

as many of the poorer qualities of the

several breeds as of the more desir-

able ones.



There seems to be a good deal of

mistaken ideas, or perhaps partial in-

formation regarding the principles of

breeding. For instance, there is quite

a prevailing idea that by breeding a

Jersey and Holstein cross a cow may

be secured that shall give the rich

milk of the Jersey and at the same

time the quantity of the Holstein; or

by breeding a Jersey and Shorthorn

cross there will be gained a cow with

the size and larger milking qualities

of the Shorthorns together with the

richness and persistency of the Jer-

seys. While it is quite possible that

’he end may be gained and the quali-

ties desired be secured in the cross,





yet it is quite as likely that other

things may result. That with the Jer-

sey-Holstein cross the outcome may

be a cow with the Jersey quantity and

the Holstein quality of milk. Or the

Jersey-Durham cow may as likely

turn out to be a beef animal and very

ordinary or unprofitable in the dairy.

In'fact, if the theory is true that the

tendency in breeding is to revert to

the original type, there is a stronger

probability of getting a combination

of the poorer qualities than of the

more desirable ones. That no improve-

ment is made by this system of breed-

ing is abundantly shown by the class

of cattle everywhere resulting from a

long line of indiscriminate crossing.

A comparison of these cattle with the

scrubs started with as foundation

stock several generations back will

show no advance in any desirable

quality.



The man who starts out and breeds

to a Holstein to secure quantity in

milk production, and then breeds to a

Jersey or Guernsey to gain quality

and then to a Durham to gain size,

and meantime perhaps to a bull of

some other breed because he is handi-

er or more accessible, will surely find

that his stock is acquiring quite as

many of the undesirable qualities as it

is of those which he wishes to obtain,

and in the end he has bred only

scrubs. One of the' decided advan-

tages of community breeding, or of

an entire community adhering to a

single breed, is the avoiding of this

class of scrub stock. Wherever sev-

eral breeds are kept in a community

there will be found as many scrub

animals as there will be of those

showing any particular breeding.



To the advice to breed only to full-

blooded males should be added to

breed only to those of a single breed.

Only in this way can the desirable

characteristics of any breed be main-

tained. EDW. HUTCHINS.





llllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllll|||lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





LILLIE FARMSTEAD DAIRY

NOTES.





 





Although the pastures are unusually

fresh and succulent for this time of

year our cows seem to relish two

feeds of pea vine silage daily and

they also eat a small feed of alfalfa

hay, even though this hay was out in

the rain, practically cured in the rain,

and is somewhat injured thereby. I

am constrained to believe that clover

or alfalfa cut at the proper time and

somewhat damaged by rain is better

hay, that is, more appetizing than hay

that has gotten too ripe before cut-

ting. At least our stock eat it better

and that is the only gauge I have to

go by. Clover or alfalfa becomes

woody and tasteless quickly if allowed

to stand for a few days after it ought

to be cut, and in the case of alfalfa in

particular I would prefer to cut it at

the proper time, rain or no rain, than

to let it stand and unduly mature.

The hay is not only more palatable

but if allowed to stand one loses the

chances for the development of the

next crop. Cut it and cock it up be-

fore it gets too dry and it will make

good hay, even if it is somewhat dis-

colored.



It should be the settled practice of

all dairymen to have their herds test-

ed for tuberculosis annually, and

eventually this will become a fixed

practice. When it is fully realized

that this dread disease is sapping the

efficiency of the herd and will eventu-

ally destroy it, and when it is fully

realized that this disease can be erad-

icated and the herd kept free from it,

then will this testing become general.





The first test may or not may not

reveal the disease. If it does not, well

and good. But that is no guarantee

that in one year from that time some





animal may not have contracted it.

The way to keep the herd clear from

it is to test often enough so the dis-

ease will not get a strong foothold. An

annual test will prevent this. It is al-

together likely that if the herd is free

from the disease today and one is

careful about purchasing new animals,

it will still be free a year hence. But

nothing but the test will show this.





Suppose the first test reveals a cer-

tain number of reactors. The only

thing to do is to dispose of them as

soon as possible, and then keep the

herd clean after that by annual test-

ing. There may be a few every year

for a while until the disease is all

cleaned up, but it can eventually be

eradicated from the herd and there-

after the herd kept free from it by

testing annually.



The state assists the farmer in this

and helps make his loss as light as

possible. For all animals that react

the state allows the owner $50. It is

warranted in doing this on the basis

of the good of public health. Besides

this if the carcass is adjudged fit for

food and most of them are, the owner

gets the food value and the value of

the hide besides. An ordinary cow in

this way will bring the farmer some-

where near $100. He ought to be

willing to stand all loss over and

above this for the good of the public

health, even though his animals are

valuable registered animals.





Any local graduate veterinarian is

qualified to do this testing and the

State Live Stock Sanitary Commission

can authorize him to do it. The test-

ing is not expensive and it is a source

of great satisfaction to know that your

herd is free from this terrible disease.

Besides the COWS will be more profit-

able to you if their energy is not be-

ing sapped by it.



COLON C. LILLIE.





 





 





7— -239





EVERY “HOLDS A

STUM will" DOLLAR





J fill/5L W ”ll: ‘ A

.I . . .. . , é/fi/fil Jilmf‘tl, . i





 

 





\.

‘_





i

/





 

 

 

 





 

 





The ground

covered by an average



¢ stump and its roots will grow



e 250. to 50c. worth of food crops per





 

 

   

   

   





, * year. A hundred-stump acre will produce '5 ‘

3‘ $50 worth of food per year after clearing. ",

5 Why leave these dollars buried under stumps and '2.

‘ pay taxes on stump land when the whole world offers * "._





   





big prices for American farm products?





Red Cross *1:





 

   





Will get them out in cold and wet weather, when you have

plenty of time. Clear land now, and crop it next spring. .

This explosive is low freezing. hence works well up to





   

   

   

   

 

   

 





1 winter weather. It takes less Stumping Powder in t

2* Wet weather than in dry. Turn. the we! days of 5

1,. Fall into cash. .5.

' ‘ ‘ For clear, illustrated imtructionr write *3‘

’, for Free Handbook of Explosive: ‘

* No :00 F. * -‘ ,





   





DU PONT POWDER (10.,





WILMINGTON. DEL.





   

 

 

 

 





 





   

 

 

 

 

 

 





4!}





 





 

 

 





 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 





.. .. . 1/0!” (ZR/Will”; '

‘. A_ Lender: Litter Car-

rier is always on the job.

Nothing to get out of order. '

Ratchets. brakes, clutches and other

trouble-making a t ta chm en ts were

abandoned by us longago. We own the first

patent ever issued on litter carriers. “

and most of the patents issued since.

& 'I'llle you can depend on: When you have a

A Louden Carrier in your burn you will never have to

%‘ go back to the wheelbarrow.

l. Will Llft More, Operate Easier. and

x ‘ Last LongerThan AnyOther Made

They are good enough for the most particular buyer and low enough In

price for the most careful buyer. You need a litter and feed carrier every

outfit—even if you have but a few cows.

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l' Get These Big Profits





Now men everywhere are making big mone '



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Please mention the Michigan Farmer when you i

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' not make very much difference.





240 -8





 





THE MICHIGAN FARME'R





Getting 21 Profit from the Gull Pile





OW often in past years have we

seen the entire apple crop of

some men placed on the market



without the culling out of a single

fruit. All the attempt at grading that

was made perhaps was to place the

least desirable fruits in the middle

and bottom of the barrel while the

container was faced out with choice

fruit.



All this is gradually changing until

now there is less and less of this “or-

chard run” fruit to be fOund on the

market. There is no excuse for such

marketing except convenience or the

laziness of the grower. The prices

paid for such fruit is far lower most

times than the fruit is actually worth

if the good fruit were taken out and

the culls left at home and used as a

source of profit in the manufacture of

a valuable by-product.



Canadians Benefit from Law.



Then there are a few men that

think that a few cull apples in an oth-

erwise well graded box or barrel will

This

thing might happen once or twice in

a season without causing any great

depreciation in the price received for

this fruit but if it happens in all the

boxes of one orchard, wholesalers and

fruit men generally soon become ac-

customed to lower the grade of that

fruit as soon as it comes on the

market.



The Canadians realize this fact and

did a thing that this country failed to

do in the making of its apple package

law, and that is: Every package of

Canadian fruit offered for sale or ex-

port must be 100 per cent pure as to

variety. size, grade and soundness.

This law has caused a growing re

spect to be paid to the Canadian fruit

since the law has been in operation.



Our Law Not as Effective.



The one thing that is lacking in the

United States law in this regard is





the fact that the packer has any lee:





way at all in the matter. The law re-

quires that the fruit on the package

must be 90 per cent pure but it says

nothing as to what the other 10 per

cent must be and consequently it may

be almost anything that looks like an

apple. This law therefore has not had

the effect that the Canadian law re

stricting the same thing has had.



But if it is so necessary to remove

the culls from the crop what is to be

done with this cull fruit? Almost any

big operator in any other industry can

tell you that it is in the little things

that the greatest profits are made and

the one that makes the most profit is

the waste products of the industry.



Profit in By-products.



Anyone who travels extensively

through this country at apple harvest

time can testify to the fact that the

waste going on in the orchards is ap~

palling when one thinks of the bush—

els and bushels of apples that are left

on the ground to rot. There are thou-

sands in the cities, and even in the

nearby towns that will be willing to

pay high prices for this fruit if it were

put up in the form of apple cider, ap-

ple butter, jelly or vinegar.



Besides the, apples that are allowed

to go to waste in the orchard are

those that are necessarily rejected in

the packing of the fruit, for market.

This fruit is just as good a food as

the fruit that is packed, but the con-

dition of the fruit will make it of less

value because it deteriorates quicker

and probably would not reach the con-

sumer in a shape fit for food. It is

from this fruit, however, that the or-

chardist of the future will have to

look for his profit just as the captains

of industry look to their scrap heap

today.



There is a great variety of culls





among which come those that are me-»





chanically injured, as fruit that has

been bruised in picking. or that has





had the stems pulled out; fruit that

has been injured by insects, as warm

fruit, and fruit disfigured by the cur-

culio; and last, but not least, fruit

that has already been attacked by

such fungus diseases as bitter rot.



After the culls have been separated

from the main crop the question that

next comes is what is to be done with

them. Cider offers one of the easiest

and in connection with vinegar manu-

facture one of the most profitable

means-of disposing of this part of the

crop. Then there is the possibility of

being able to dispose of the fruit to a

manufacturer of apple jelly, apple but-

ter or an apple evaporator. These

last three processes are very profit-

able businesses but they have the

drawback that it is not possible for

every farmer or orchardist to make

this kind of business as profitable un-

less his acreage is very large or un-

less there is a large supply of cheap

labor available.



Cider Making Easy.



In the making of cider there is the

advantage that the labor involved is

small, the actual experience necessary

is small and the operations can be

mostly carried on in spare moments

with the aid of the members of the

family who are always anxious to take

part in the cider making.



Cider is the juice of the apple press-

ed from the ripe fruit; it is not the

water pressed from the watered first

pressings. The fruit that is used for

the manufacture of cider must be free

from rot, worms and disease of any

sort. This does not mean that apples

of this description cannot be used for

cider but it does mean that if such

apples are used the diseased parts

must be cut away before the apples

are placed in the grinder.





Best Care Must be Used.





There are at present a number of

firms that make it their eSpecial effort

to manufacture cider presses that will

suit the needs of the farmer in this

respect. These mills can be had from

the smallest size "that handles about

a peck of apples at a grinding, to

small power presses for the large or-

chard that accommodate a barrel at

a time. Then above these sizes are

the hydraulic presses that are suited

to the needs of an entire community.

In selecting a press one should be so-

cured that will adequately handle the

crop of the orchard. The smallest

size is only suited to the needs of a

family that has only the culls from

one or two trees to handle. For the

average user the presses that accom-

modate from one to two bushels of ap-

plesatatimearethebest.



After the diseased parts have been

cut from the apples these should be

washed to remove the large quantities

of dirt that'is always adhering to the

apples, especially where the orchard

is located along the country road or

is cultivated. It is necessary to re-

move this dirt for it is liable to give

the finished product a bad flavor. This

is very important where the cider is

to be used in the manufacture of cid-

er vinegar.



Preserving.



After the cider is pressed from the

apples it must be stored somewhere

so that it is not attacked by molds or

bacteria. The best way to store cider

that is to be kept and sold sweet is

to use new barrels that have been

scalded with water and then allowed

to ‘cool. This scalding destroys all

molds or bacteria that adhere to the

barrel and prevent their action for a

longer time than if they were allowed

to remain in the barrel.





If the older is to be sold sweet it.





should be placed on the market as

soon as possible after it is made, for

it is a very perishable article and

soon starts to ferment and become

“mm.”





Cider that is intended for the man-

facture of vinegar should be made in

the same way as cider that is to be

sold sweet. If anything diflferent is

done in the handling of this cider it

should be to see that the cider is kept

cleaner and more wholesome.





Vinegar Fermentation.





There are two distinct fermenta-

tions that take place in the vinegar

barrel. The first of those is the chang—

ing of the sugar of the cider to alco~

hol, forming “hard cider.” This fer-

mentation is caused by the common

yeast that is used in making bread.

This yeast enters the cider from the

air in the common method of making

vinegar and the signs of its presence

is the familiar foaming of the cider or

the cider has commenced “to work."



To make the best quality of vine-

gar this action should go on until all

of the sugar in the vinegar is chang-

ed to alcohol. When this has taken

place the second fermentation takes

places. In this one the alcohol form-

ed by the former action of the yeast

is changed to vinegar acid or acetic

acid. This action can only take place

in the presence of air for it is the

oxygen of the air that is united with

the alcohol to form the acid.





Requirements.



The cider for vinegar must only fill

the barrels about half or two-thirds

full so as to allow room for the action

of the air. The bung must be left out

but the hole can be loosely plugged

with cotton batting so as to keep out

the vinegar flies and the dirt. The

barrels should always be kept on their

sides for this allows greater surface

exposed to the air than if the barrels

are placed on end.



The fermentations of the cider are

accelerated by the addition to the cid-

er of commercial preparations of the

yeast and bacteria that cause them.

The action is also helped by keeping

the barrels in a temperature of from

65 to 70 degrees.



If one wishes to add yeast to the

cider at first it is best to use the com-

pressed yeast. About one cake of this

yeast should be rubbed up in a small

quantity of cooled boiled water and

then added to each five gallons of cid-

er. This yeast will reduce the time

required for the alcohol fermentation.

about two months. The addition of

yeast also makes it certain that there

will be the right kind of yeast in the

cider and the action will be more

sure.



When the cider has stood for from

three to five months the alcohol fer-

mentation will be completed and it is

time to start the acid fermentation.

This is best done by the addition of

two to four quarts of good vinegar

that contains some mother of vinegar.

If extra care has been used up to this

point it may pay one to draw off the

fermented cider and rinse the barrel

out thoroughly with hot water and

then cooled before the cider is replac-

ed. This removes all of the dregs

from the bottom of the barrel and the

dirt that may have entered since the

cider was put into the barrel.





The acid fermentation is also help-

ed by keeping the cider in a tempera-

ture of from 65 to 70 degrees. If the

cider is kept at this temperature the

action will be complete in from three

to four months but if the cider is kept

in a cool cellar and mother of vinegar

is not added the action will take from

18 months to two years.



As soon as the cider shows an acid-

ity of 4.5 to five per cent of acid the

barrels must be filled full and the

bung tightly closed. This stops the

action of the bacteria and prevents

other bacteria from deteriorating the

acetic acid and ferming products that

detract from the quality of the

vinegar.





lndiana. W. E. WIECKiNG.





 





 





'Ginsong Plants. '°’ d".;°;°1'i&.





 





Snrr: ’18, 1915:





 





 





Testg’Speed





High speed—the most gruelling test

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Every separate Champion type has

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We have subjected Champions to a

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constant than you will ever develop

inyour car.



This is merely one of the methods

we have adopted to assure you perfect

spark plug service under all conditions.





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





 





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1‘
LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

. INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





 





 





gafiéflw





PUBLIS





 





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fills KW? \Yr/V “‘ av 9|

«5 ' , . i C‘ F5 L\<





£51715





agazine Section





 





 





77w FARM BOY

an? GIRL



SCIENTIFIC an?



MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





 





I This Magazine Section forms apart of our paper every week.





Every article is written espec1ally for it and does not appear elsewhere.





 





 





ONAS HENNEWAY,

was the first person to carry an

umbrella as a protection against

rain. A century, and one—half of an-

other, is the span of time that sep-

arates us from then and now; but

Jonas was laughed at and the finger

of scorn was pointed toward him as

he raised the umbrella above his

shoulders on that rainy but eventful

morning.

“I wish you would not be so silly,”

was the objection of his sister, who

acted as his housekeeper. “Uncle,”





‘.q—‘W_‘- m “4





a.—





Miss Wood, Talented Actress, Prefers

Talking for Suffrage.





of London,





Starting a New Fashion





By CAROL





said his small niece, “they will make

fun of you if you do it.” His sister

looked out of the window at the rain

drops as they fell and, thinking of her

odd brother, exclaimed, “poor thing!”

A friend tried to dissuade Jonas, say-

ing, “you will look so foolish.”



But the man with the idea persist

ed. He asserted that the umbrella

was a practical article. On that rainy





llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll'lmillllhlm‘ “.J'lxlllllllillxlllll nmlluinlil lll'illlllll'illlll||||llllllllll'lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll'lllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllll’lllllllllllllllllllilllllllllIlllllillllnnllllllllllllllllllllmHm .‘55'lints‘nnh1:15.,,5.55.555.





WORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES





C. CRAIN.





morning Jonas and his friend walked

up a street and Jonas carried the new

device and felt the stares of curious

people. When he raised the umbrella,

the friend departed with the declara<

tion that it was a “silly business.”

The idea spread. The residents of

Cheapside ceased to laugh at the man

beneath the sheltering umbrella. Be-

fore a great while, the entire city of





 





Detachment of Italian Infantry Preparing to Meet Approaching Austrian





Soldiers.





 





 





 





Haelen Clergymen and Laymen Pay Tribute to its Dead Heroes on Anni-

versary of Battle of Haelen, Belgium.





 





 





 





5 ;Scene





 





.v:

:9





During Progress of National Amateur Golf Tournament at Detroit.





 





Henry Ford Visits John Burroughs

at Roxbury, N. Y.





55will?llllliilllis’lllllfilll ‘





 





London had accepted the new mech-

anism and the new fashion it intro-

duced. Today we think no less of the

man who carries an umbrella than of

the man who wears a hat.



Starting the new fashion required

real courage. No man can do some-

thing new without receiving ridicule

and rude smiles from the populace.

Jonas Henneway, the Londoner, made

the sacrifice that brought temporary

disfavor; but he benefitted humanity

by inducing the public to use the um-

brella on rainy days.





 





till lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||lllllllllllllllllllllllllll





 





 





 





 





Recruiting Sergeant is Doing Utmost

to Prevent Conscription.





 





Dr. Horton Declares U. S. will Fur-

nish Europe Dyes Hereafter.





 





 





 





Gentlemen Farmers of Long Island Have Introduced to the Judges the

“Horse to Lawn Mower" Class.





Copyright by Underwood a Underwood. N. V.
242 ——10





llilih





 





 





g

E

i

i

3





(THE RED MIST. -





'T-HE MICHIGAN FARMER.





1mmunmlmmuwuImmmum.





 





By RANDALL PARRISH.

_'__—:—_. Copyright A. O. McClurg Co. ||||

5am!"mlIIlulunmnmmIIIlummmlmmmlImmmmmmmIllmunmnummnnmmlImImmumIIImmmummml"mummflmmmmmmnunmmmmnmummnmmé

CHAPTER XXIX. accident,” he responded somewhat





 





We Drive Them.





T was silent enough within—not a

movement, not a sound. I could

perceive dimly the motionless fig-



ures clustered about the windows in

breathless expectancy, but all was

ready, and not even a whispered order

was being exchanged. Outside there

was scarcely any more noise audible

~the occasional pawing of a horse,_ a

distant thud of feet where some in-

fantrymen were being hurried into pd

sition, and now and then an indistinct

voice. The caution shown, the force

displayed about the church, surprised

:me. Surely no such effort would be

made merely because of a vague sus-

picion that a man and girl might be

lidden within. The leaders all knew

that I was not likely to surrender

without a fight, and that I was armed,

yet this could hardly account for such

preparation.



Could it be they really had a faint

glimmer of the truth, that they real-

ized the possibility of a Confederate

raiding party in the neighborhood?

They had shot Harwood’s picket, and

knew him to be a southern cavalry<

man from the uniform he wore. This

might account for the display of force

with which they invested the church

before demanding admission. No doubt

the heavy log walls looked formidable,

and mysterious in the moonlight. But,

if they really suspected a garrison

within, why should their line he thus

extended, within easy musket shot of

the windows? The conclusion I arriv-

ed at was, that Fox made this open

display of force in the hope of avoid-

ing bloodshed. He desired to capture

instead of kill, and wished above all

else to protect Noreen from danger.

If we were alone within the church,

escape was clearly impossible, and the

probability strong that no resistance

would be attempted.



The silence, the long wait, got upon

my nerves. I could see little, and the

few sounds reaching my ears convey-

ed no information of value. What

were those fellows doing? What could

cause their delay? The soldier be‘

hind me was humming softly; a foot

scraped on the floor to the right; I

caught the soft swish of Noreen’s

skirt as she changed position; the

moonbeams glimmered on a lifted

rifle-barrel; there was all about a sup-

pressed sound of breathing. Good





Lord! would they never move! What

could they possibly be doing out

there?





A half dozen blows rang sharp on

the wood of the outer door. Not a

sound answered from within, although

I could feel the men straighten up,

and sense the sharp intake of breath.

Again the blows crashed, as if struck

by the butt of a musket.



“Open up in there!” roared a voice,

so muffled as to have no familiar

sound, “or we’ll break down the door.





Come, Mister Spy; we’ve got you

trapped.”

“Sergeant Wyatt, the lieutenant





wants yer,” the whispered words

swept down the line of waiting men,

and I hurried forward. Harwood was

in the dark vestibule close beside the

big door.



“That you, Wyatt?” he asked softly,

uncertain as to my identity. “They

are after you, and have no idea any—

one else is here. You answer, and

warn them what they’re up against. I

don’t mind a fight, but am hardly

ready to commit murder.”



“Do you hear me in there, Wyatt?”

the gruff voice without called. “This

is your last chance; come, don’t be a

fool. We know you are there, and

there couldn’t a rat get out, and not

be. seen.”



“Who are you?” I asked. “I want

to know who I am dealing with first.”



“I am Major Moran, Twenty-first

Ohio Infantry.”



“Is Captain Fox there?”



“Yes—here Fox; the fellow wants

to talk with you.”



There was a sound of movement

without, the murmur of a word or two

spoken in subdued tones; then Fox’s

voice raised to carry through the in-

tervening wood.



“Sorry this happens to be my job,

Wyatt,” he said. “I am not in com-

mand, and therefore can offer no con-

ditions of surrender. But for Miss

Harwood’s sake I hope you will not

attempt to fight; we’ve got a total

- force out here of over two hundred

men.”



“So I see,” I answered cooly, “in-

cluding Cowan, and my old friend the

lieutenant. Quite a compliment to

send half a regiment after one man.”



"Our having such a force is largely





stiffly. “But that is neither here nor

there; your escape is impossible.”





“I am not considering escape,” and

I spoke loud enough to be heard clear-

ly. “This is going to be a fight, Cap-

tain Fox—a real fight.”



“A fight! What, you alone?”



“Oh, no; there are men enough in

this church to make it quite interest-

ing. That is why I warn you—we are

soldiers, not murderers.”



“What! You think that bluff will

work ?”



“Captain Fox,” broke in Harwood

bluntly, his voice nervously sharp. “I

command Troop ‘C,’ Third Kentucky

Cavalry. This is no bluff, sir. I give

you fifteen minutes to withdraw your

men; at the expiration of that time

we open fire.”





The surprise, the shock, of this un-

expected development and threat was

plainly evident. I heard Fox step

back from the door, and speak ear-

nestly to some one; Moran swore sav-

agely.



“What force have you?” he roared,

the insane question causing Harwood

to laugh outright.



“Come and find out,” he answered

mockingly. “It is no trouble to show

goods. Better go back to the other

end now, Sergeant,” he added in low-

er voice, and gripped my hand. “The

ball is about to open. Where is my

lady cousin ?”



“I put her on guard over the pris-

oner. She will be out of range there,

and have something to do."



“And gives you another fighting

man-I see. Queer duck, that preach-

er—a bit of a knave to my notion, and

one of the finest liars I have ever

heard; he’ll bear watching. Ah! our

friend the major has come to his

senses—look yonder! They are mov-

ing back out of range.”



“Ay! and concentrating a heavier

body of men this way."



“Of course; the first assault will be

from the front. Tell Wharton to spare

me twa or three more men, and send

a couple from your end. They may

make a rush from all directions, but

the real fight will be here; they are

going to try us out, that is certain.”



“You can trust Fox for that; he is

a fighting man, whatever may be the

inclination of the major—and Cowan

is a wolf. Listen! that is his voice

now.”



I walked back to my station, speak-

ing to both Wharton and O’Hare as I

passed. The men we detached hurried

to the front, and I took the vacant

place of one of them at the open win-

dow, back of the pulpit. The line of

men threatening this end of the build-

ing had- been drawn aside, out of di-

rect rifle range, and seemed to be

grouped opposite each corner, and

were so closely bunched together as

to make any estimate of their num-

bers impossible. They were only

shapeless shadows, with moonlight

gleaming from their weapons; and an

occasional voice breaking the ominous

silence. What their purpose might be

in assuming such formation could not

be determined; were they merely

guarding against an effort on our part

to break away, or did they contem-

plate an assault in conjunction with

the larger force at the front of the

church? No further movement, or

word, gave me any clue, but the man-

ifest lack of ordinary military forma-

tion caused me to suspect that these

fellows were Cowan’s guerillas, and

that thereinforcement of cavalrymen

had been sent elsewhere. Once aman

passed between the two bodies, bend-

ing low as he ran.



There remained nothing to do but

wait their action, ready for whatever

might occur. I passed along the wall

from man to man, assuring myself

each was at his station, with loaded

weapon, and well filled cartridge belt.





“The fight will begin in front," I

whispered, unable to distinguish faces,

“and no firing here until I give the

word.”



In the dark corner where the pris-

oner sat motionless against the log

iwall, my eyes could distinguish noth-

ng.



“Noreen.” .



“Yes,” and she stood up. “Couldn’t

you see me?”



“Not the faintest shadow.

prisoner is quiet?”



“He hasn’t.even spoken, and as his

hands and feet are bound, he is very

easily guarded. You think they will

attack?”



“Beyond question; they are getting

ready now, and I can only remain here

a moment. I——I wanted to thank you

for the choice yoquade.” , _ . . ,





Your





“You mean my coming with you?

You are glad I did ?”



“Yes, very glad," I said earnestly,

“for you are just as safe here, and—

and I would rather have you near me.

This may prove a desperate struggle;

we are terribly outnumbered—and—

and, well you know you—you trusted

yourself to me—you are under my

pretection.”



There was no answer; perhaps I

had said too much. I stood waiting

other words burning on my tongue.

Suddenly a. volley roared out, start-

ling in the stillness, the simultaneous

crash of fifty muskets, the speeding

bullets thudding into wood. I heard

one cry of agony—a shout of 'com-

mand—the sharp bark of carbines—

then a grim, threatening yelp of

voices. One leap brought me to the

window, with gun—barrel thrust for-

ward across the sill. The two black

shadows were disintegrating, breaking

up, the units spreading out like an

opening fan, in headlong rush toward

the door at the south corner. There

was no firing, no flash of powder, just

that wild yelping, as though a pack

of wolves smelt blood, and that reck-

less dash across the moonlit open. I

saw figures, not faces, a gleaming of

poised weapons, a huddle of leaping

bodies.



“Fire!" I roared, my voice rising

above the hideous din. “Give it to

them!” and pulled trigger.



I have no clear knowledge of what

followed—it was all so quickly over

with; a mere mad moment crowded

with vague glimpses, vanishing and

changing in the lurid light of the

guns. The whole interior of the

church blazed and echoed, the smoke

choking us with its fumes, the noise

stunning our ears. I heard the chug

of bullets flattening against the logs,

smothered oaths, the crash of an ov—

erturned bench, a scream as shrill as

a woman’s that made my heart leap,

and Harwood’s voice calling out the

same word again and again. But al-

though I heard all this, I hardly knew

it, my whole thought rivetted on those

black figures in front of me—those

reckless devils we had to kill, or

drive back. And we did it! From ev-

ery window, from every hastily

smashed pane beside the door, we

poured our fire—the carbines spitting

into the dark, their sharp barking in-

cessant. Barrels grew hot, the smoke

drove back choking into our faces, but

we pulled triggers, aiming as best we

could in the moon-gleam, now changed

to a red mist. They stopped; hung

for a moment motionless, the ground

dotted with the dead; then tried again.

There was a roar of musketry, the

crack of rifles; bullets chugged into

the logs, and came crashing through

the windows. Glass showered upon

us, and the man next me went over

like a. log; someone struck me across

the face with a bloody hand, and a

shot splintered the stock of my gun,

numbing my arm to the shoulder. I

gripped another weapon out of the

stiffening fingers of the man on the

floor, firing again blindly into the

smoke cloud. For an instant I could

see nothing but that white vapor ting-

ed with red and yellow flame; then

some breath of air swept it aside, and

the attackers were drifting back, run-

ning and stumbling. There were mo-

tionless bodies on the ground—a half

dozen in a heap before the door; with

here and there a figure crawling in

painful effort at escape.



“Stop firing! ” I cried, “they’ve had

enough. Pass the word to those men

at the door.”



The fight at the front held longer,

yet it was scarcely five minutes when

the last gun cracked, and a strange

silence took the place of that hideous

uproar. For an instant not even a cry

from the wounded broke the stillness,

the men leaning out of the windows

watching the disorganized retreat.

Then someone gave an exultant yell,

and voice after voice caught it up, the

old chur h echoing to the wild battle

cry of th . South.



“Steady men, steady," shouted Har-

wood from the door of the vestibule,

his voice cleaving the din like the

blade of a knife. “This is only the

first act. Load!”





CHAPTER XXX.





 





A Way of Escape.





HE light of the moon streamed

in through the south windows

in a flood of silence, revealing

the overturned benches, the moving

figures along the walls, the smoke

cloud drifting upward to the rafters.

The lieutenant, after. a brief word to

his men in the vestibule, picked his

way down the narrow aisle, stopping

an instant to question Wharton and

O’Hare. With one quick glance

through the window, I stepped down

from the pulpit platform to meet him.

He was bareheaded and coatless, and

even in that dim light I could perceive

a dark stain, like oozing blood, on the

front of his shirt.

“You are wounded?” I exclaimed.

“Nothing to worry over," he replied





SEPT.» 18,319.15. .





easily, his eyes laughing, “a mere

touch in the shoulder, which, however,

has put my left arm out of commis-

sion. Ah! fair cousin!” and he held

up his hand in sudden greeting. “We

who are about to die, salute you.”



“Do not say that," she pleaded.

“Surely the victory is ours.”



“Ay! we win the first round, but it

has cost us heavily. I doubt if we

have such luck again. Yet forgive me;

those were careless words, but the

Harwood breed are given to intemper-

ate speech.” He turned to me. “What

loss have you, Wyatt?”



“Two wounded, and one killed,” I

answered soberly. “We had Cowan's

guerrillas to meet out there.”



“Yes, I know; the infantrymen

stormed the front, and the troopers

peppered the side windows. They

meant to keep us all busy, and try

out our strength—O’Hare got the least

of it, and never lost a man; Wharton

has three down, while they got five of

my lads. The front doors are fairly

riddled; a good blow with the butt of

a tree will send them crashing in."



“You believe they will attack again!”



“Lord—yes! They know now what

they are up against. That man Fox is

a soldier; he and a dozen others were

at the door. They’ll consolidate next

time, trust to the weight of numbers,





and break through. They respect us '





now, but we haven’t, licked the fight

out of them by a long chalk. I’m go-

ing to take three of your men."



“That leaves only one to a window".



“You will have to get along. If the

attack develops at your end I’ll rein--

force you; but it will not—the whole

kit and caboodle are coming straight

for those doors—Fox knows their con-

dition. Well, that’s enough; there is

too much to be done to stand here

talking—send me the men at once.”



He whispered a word to her, some

good-natured pleasantry, I thought, as

he bowed over her hand as though

they parted in a gay parlor; then turn-

ed laughing away, and picked his pas~

sage down the aisle, a slender, debon~

air figure, whistling a gay camp tune.

I stared after him, scarcely able to

comprehend such gay-spirited reck-

lessness, when he stopped suddenly,

and faced about.



“Do what you can for your wounds-

ed, Wyatt," he called back, his voice

instantly serious, “and keep my fair

cousin out of the ruck.”



Several figures fell in behind him as

he went forward—the men he had ask--

ed for from Wharton and O’Hare—all

disappearing within the blackness of

the vestibule. Leaving one man alone

posted at each opening, I 'had the oth-

ers of my small company bear the two

wounded men to the further corner,

making them as comfortable as possi-

ble. The dead man was laid out on

one of the benches, and then the three

selected for that duty were sent to

join the lieutenant. This depletion of

force left me a window to defend

alone against the second attack, the

opening to the left of the pulpit, next

to the corner in which lay the wound-

ed men, and the prisoner. As I cross-

ed the platform, and took my place,

Noreen arose from beside one of the

bodies, and her hands grasped my

arm





“The soldier who was shot in the

chest has just died," she said, her

voice trembling. “He—he tried to tell





1m? something, but—but it was too

a e."

"And the other man ?" .

“His hurt is not so serious. I tore





my skirt and bound it up, but there

was no water. I wish he wouldn’t

groan so.”



Her face, white in the moonlight,

was uplifted; I even thought I could

see the glint of tears in the eyes. Sud-

denly a great wave of sympathy, of

regret, seemed to sweep over me, and

I leaned the carbine against the wall,

and clasped both her hands in mine.





"We grow accustomed to groans in .





war," I said swiftly, “but what un-

mans me is your being here exposed

to all this danger.” '



“Oh, no one will hurt me; I am not

afraid for myself—truly I am not. Cap-

tain Fox would never permit them to

harm me.”



“True; if Fox comes through alive;

but Cowan and Raymond are both

here also, and I know not which I dis-

trust the more. I did wrong to per-

mit your ever coming with me; to risk

your life in so desperate a game.”



“Do not say that, Tom,” her voice

eager and earnest. “I am no worse off

here than I would be if you had left

me in Lewisburg. It was my choice,

and even now I would rather be here

with you. “Why," she paused, draw~

ing in a quick breath, “if—if I had re:

mained behind I might be helplessly

in the grip of Anse Cowan!

have you forgotten that?”





“No, I had not forgotten; but there‘- ;





is danger enough here—more than you

realize.- You have ‘never seen men

mad with battle lust, crazed fromvvlcf

tot-y. They see through a red mist,

and forget sex. They are ’comin ' '

here presently,

smashing their way through from





(Continued on page 244),.





‘ .





Have—. .





firing and kilfi 1h

wit!





, _ I

i .





!
SEPT. ‘18, 1915.





Organized Agriculture in Belgium f“





THEhMCHIGANFARMER





By WILLIAN B. HATCH, Member of American Commission.





s





CANNOT realize the





as we found it on the twelfth of June,

1913. As we crossed the line from

Germany we left behind the red tiled

roofs of rural and urban buildings for

the French and Flemish grey. Farm-

ing methods seemed contrary to ex-

pectation, a little less intensive. Some

fences appeared and some cattle were

grazing in the fields.



Belgium is a little country, said to

be the most densely populated coun-





 





 





contrast

which must reflect the condition of

Belgium today, with the condition





 





give lectures on agriculture.





There purchasing associations

are schools for domestic science and





deal mainly





in seeds, fertilizers, farm machinery





vocational training for girls, also itin- and foodstuffs, the latter item being





erant schools, usually for girls, in ev-





ery province in Belgium. There are

no co-educational schools, however.

Co-operative Production.

Co-operative production in Belgium

is confined chiefly to dairying.





ies with 57,000 members owning 163,-

000 cows. The value of the products

for that year was $8,000,000. These

products are sold in the main to the





.i





_..« s





 





 





Bread Wagon Hauled by Dogs, a Common Source of Power for Transporta—

' tion in Belgium. ’ '





try in the world. Belgium is less than

one-fifth as large as Michigan. Yet

she has over three times the popula-

tion. And one significant fact, in con-

nection with the calamity which has

overtaken her, is that she owns in Af-

rica the rich Congo Free State, a col-

ony eighty times as large as Belgium

herself.



In Belgium the dog is generally used

as a draft animal. I was surprised at

the size of the wagon to which one of

these dogs would be hitched, and the

,size' of load one of these animals, by

the aid of the garner over hard places,

can haul. No‘iother market place is

more interesting from this [viewpoint

than that of Brussels. The carts or

wagons are specially constructed for

the dogs. The vehicles are of unique

design. The dog is either hitched be-

tween the thills of a cart or under it,

with a curve in the axle to permit of

his trotting immediately under the

center of the load. It is said these

dogs are hitched up at four o’clock in

the morning and are not unhitched

until eight o'clock at night. The dog

quickly learns to lie down or sit down

as soon as the cart stops, and stops

are frequent, and the roads are good.

It is said a good dog is worth from

$35 to $70 and will pull 300 pounds.

At the market places the dogs seem

to visit, even hold conventions, and

discuss good roads, shorter hours and

better wages. They seem to salute

each other in the street when they

meet and to show some rivalry in get-

ting over the ground the most quick-

ly. Milk and vegetables and bread are

the commonest commodities hauled in

this way, though not infrequently

these conveyances are the city deliv-

ery wagons.



Instruction in agriculture in Belgi-

um is compulsory in the primary and

secondary schools to a considerable

extent. “Agricultural engineers,” 27

in all, one for each province, go about

among the farmers at government ex-

pense. On “market days” they are in

attendance at the public markets to

give any instruction along any lines

which the farmers might wish. They

are appointed by the minister of agri-

culture and are graduates of agricul-

tural schools. They are all degreed

men and most of them hold doctor’s

degrees. In all primary and second-

ary schools teachers are required to





consumer direct. The surplus is sold

“at auction in the butter market at

Brussels. There is no export trade,

Belgium actually imports butter. The

farmer is paid fortnightly according

to quantity and quality by butter-fat

tests. The dairies are federated. The

capital for the creamery is furnished,

partly by shares subscribed by the

farmers and the balance is borrowed

from the rural bank. The average

cost of a creamery for 300 cows is

$2,000. The farmer delivers his own

milk and takes back the skim-milk.

Skimming stations are also provided

as branches of the large steam dair-

ies. The co-operative principle of “one

share, one vote," regardless of the

number of shares held, largely pre-

vails, though other forms of organiza-

tion are permissible. While the price





In

1910 there were 556 co-operative dair-





by far the largest. The statistics for

the last year, available to the Commis-

sion, showed the total purchases of

these associations, to have been for

that year $3,000,000, of which $2,200,-

000 were for foodstuffs, mainly im-

ported. In 1910 there were 1,237 co-

operative purchasing associations with

74,000 members.

Co-operative Credit.



Rural credit and finance in Belgium

is provided by Raiffeisen Banks and

agricultural mortgage banks, similar

to those obtaining in Italy and Ger-

many. The Raiffeisen Banks are fed-

erated to form a central credit bank.

The central credit bank receives de—

posits from the Raiffeisen Banks and

in turn loans to those in need of

funds. The credit extended to the in-

dividual members of the rural banks

is given to them, not because they are

proprietors or have big fortunes, but

because of their personal integrity,

and for the purpose of augmenting the

production of the farm. \Vhen the

central savings bank has not enough

funds it can call on the general sav-

ings bank, a state institution. It cor-

responds to the postal savings banks

of some countries. It has offices in

the post office and in the other banks.

It, however, is not a co-operative in-

stitution. The central bank, which

makes applications to the state or fed-

eral bank for a loan, guarantees it.





Long term credit for the purpose of

buying land is provided through agri-

cultural mortgage banks. These banks

do not loan their own funds but guar-

antee, for a small commission, the

loan of the individual borrower to the

general savings bank, which furnishes

the money. It gives to the general

savings bank, in addition to its own

guarantee, the security furnished by

the individual borrower. The individ-

ual borrower pays four and one-half

per cent, as a rule, the mortgage runs

usually 30 years on the amortization

plan. The borrower can pay in full at

any time and without having to pay

any commission. Bonds are issued on

the mortgages to the same amount

commonly in denominations of 100





 





 





Farmers' Co-operative Bank at Terbanc, a Suburb of Louvain, Belgium.





of butter has not been materially in-

creased there has been a decided im-

provement in quality. The small farm-

er has been put on a cash basis, where

formerly he had to take the price of

his butter in trade. The larger farm-

er makes his own butter, to a consid-

erable extent. No milk is taken at the

co-operative creamery from non-mem-

bers. 1’

Co-operative Purchasing Associations.

Small farmers bulk their purchases

or orders, then turn them in to be

filled by a co-operative purchasing or-

ganization. Better goods at lower

prices are realized. 'The co-Operative





francs ($20). These bonds bear three

to six per cent interest. They are not

listed in the public market, but sell

readily at about par, according to the

money market, being taken up mainly

by agricultural organizations. The

farmer pays four and one-half per

cent, the bond sells for 3.6 per cent

and the general savings bank gets the

difference as its profit. The farmer

can get the money on his mortgage as

soon as it is drawn up, as the bank

has bonds on hand and is selling them

at all times.



There were 15 agricultural mort-

gage banks, and 538 Raiffeisen Banks





 





 





 





 





 





 





11-243





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Against Fire, Theft And Liability 2'}. fiefed first.“

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merits in excess of $25. Cost on a Ford only $6.50. tied joints.

other cars in proportion. Err—Governor Rich, SmdforOan-‘REEBook





 

 

 

 

 

 





Speaker Chas. Smith and Congressman ()rampton

are members. Write for pariiculars giving make

of your car to ‘

€ll|zem lutusl Astonish". Insurance Company. Howell, lick.





WANTED-A couple days of good GROUND‘

HOG UHOOTING. Can on one tell

me where to find plenty of them? I) TBOIT

SPORTSMAN, 249% Bethune Ave., Detroit. Mich.





“ The Range Problem "

Woodorfully Flnlohod

Bongo. No blocking any-

where —— polished body -

‘ __ ... ' ~_llcro-Proooootopinpol-

1.: . 3‘ ished and blued. Plain nick

‘ — saves work — no ornament.



12 MALLIABIJ IRON RANGE co.

8 Lab Strut louver Dolls. Mu





— ' _§ AMERICAN



3 ..-.~.. CREAM



15;»: mar. my 319:1an

emails “telecast





obtain our nudsomel’rsscstsloo Address





AllERlCAll SEPARATOR cc sweat“... it.





   





 





 





 





Ex ' l .

Government Farmers Wanled. afi‘£i§£&°°ir§e

quarters. Write OZMENT 17 F. St. Louis.





AGENTS WANTED





to represent a reliable concern can-

vassing among farmers in your own

neighborhood or elsewhere. No expe.

rience necessary. Liberal pay, and

supplies furnished free to right part—

ies. Reference required. Address,





llWEllllSEll. BABE THE Ilfilllfll mm,





 





 





 





'nity, are natural leaders.





 





 





Detroit, Michigan





 





THE MICHIGAN 'F‘ARMER





in Belgium in 1910. The rural hanks

loaned $800,000 that year and had

at the close of that year, outstanding

loans aggregating $2,200,000, and the

agricultural mortgage banks had out-

standing about two and a half million

dollars. There are no recorded losses

in the administration of the rural

bank in Belgium. There were only

three Schulze-Delitzsch Banks in Bel-

gium at the time of the Commission's

visit. These were of the limited lia-

bility type.



I can, again, by no stretch of the

imagination realize that the beautiful

city of Louvaiu, where we took testi-

mony, is now razed in ruin. In order

that 'we might see one of the little

Raiffeisen Banks in action, we went

out into a small suburb of Louvain

and examined the Terbanck Raiffei-

sen Bank. This was organized 15

years before our visit to it, and has

150 members. It then had outstand-

ing loans to the amount of $70,000. It

accepts deposits and then had on de-

posit $300,000. The cashier of the

bank was the local priest. He gave

his services gratuitously. It is not

uncommon to find the local minister

or school teacher taking a leading

part in the organization and adminis-

tration of these rural banks in most of

the European countries. This is prob-

ably due to the fact that these citi-

zens have had superior educational

training and advantages and in addi-

tion, which is very important, of their

having the confidence of the commu-

It appears,

howaver, to be the policy of these or-

ganizations to train competent admin—

istrators from amongst the rank and

file of the membership to take the

place of the ministers and teachers

as soon as they are capable of doing

so. It seems apparent, however, that

the organization of the country along

these natural neighborly lines, and on

a permanent, self—help, co-operative

and co—operating basis, cannot but

strengthen the fabric and fiber of cit-

izenship throughout the nation. Its

tendency is to make wide-awake, pro-

gressive, constructive, thrifty citizens

out of the entire membership. When

you ponder over 550 such organiza-

tions in a country less than one-fifth

as large as Michigan you get a.

glimpse of the possibilities along ag-

ricultural educational lines which is

inspiring and enthusing.



The snapshot of the interior room

which represents the home of this lit-

tle bank, suggests its simplicity. Like

the others, it makes loans in small

amounts for productive purposes only.

The membership in this bank is con-

fined almost entirely to market-gar-

deners, farmers, with little farms av-

eraging from seven to eight acres.

Over half of them own their own land.

Deposits are received from both mem-

bers and non-members. The rate ‘of

interest on savings deposits is three

per cent. In this little bank the de-

posits made by children amount to

$5,000. There have been no losses to

either the bank or sureties on the

loans since the establishment of the

bank. The qualifications for member.

ship, are residence in the community,

sobriety and honesty. Each member

must take out two shares of one franc

each and pay one franc addition as

an admission fee according to law.



The bank has a department which

assists farmers to become owners of

live stock. A farmer wishing to buy

cattle receives his loan from the bank

and offers as security the usual signa-

tures and a mortgage on the live stock

purchased. The bank takes out in-

surance on the cattle making them a

safe security for the loan. If the cat-

tle get sick the live stock insurance

department sends a veterinary on its

own'initiative to treat the sick ani-

mal. If the animal gets well the own-

er pays for the services, if not, he

gets the insurance, less what he owes

the bank on the loan, negotiated for

the purchase of the animal.



The members of this bank also buy





SEPT. 18, 1915.

their supplies through its aid. They

meet on a certain day each month and.

give orders to the cashier of the bank

for such supplies as foodstuffs, fertil-_

izers, etc., as their needs require.

This branch of the bank is known as

the association of cultivators. The

members of the association are mem~

bers of the bank. They pay no shares

or dues into the association of culti-

vators, with the exception of a. small

amount to cover the cost of printing

the order blanks; .The association

purchases its goods from the central

or Raiffeisen federation, which in turn

purchases the goods in quantities and

ships them direct to the local associa-

tion. The farmer gets a lower price

and also obtains unadulterated mate—

rials and full weight. The orders for

supplies of this association of culti—

vators of the Terbanck Bank aggre-

gate $2,000 a month.



The cashier of this bank informed

us that “they accepted to membership

in the bank, anyone of good character,

but did not loan to liquor drinkers."

They also had on the walls of the

bank, colored charts showing the in-

fluence of alcohol on the human sys~

tem and the results on another chart,

of a temperate and industrious life.

The effect of promoting temperance

and sobriety and thrift, through these

co-operative organizations was often

noticed by members of the Commis-

sion and frequently emphasized by

officers of these organizations. Some

reported whole communities redeem-

ed from intemperate habits through

one of these organizations.

—_J*___





THE RED MIST.





 





(Continued from page 242).





to wall. Your cousin is not the kind

to ever raise a white flag—he’ll go

down fighting, and his men beside

him. I’ve been thinking of it all, and

there is one thing I want you to do

now, before the final assault comes.”



“What?”



“Let me send you out under flag of

truce to the protection of Captain Fox.

He’ll guard you as he would his own

daughter.”



"And leave you men in here to die ?"



“To take our chances, of course;

that is a part of the trade. Your re-

maining with us cannot change the

result, whatever it mai‘prove to be—

and, with me, it is merely a choice be

tween bullet and rope.”



She buried her face in her hands,

but there was no sound of sobbing. I

waited, ashamed of my inconsiderate

words, yet when her eyes were again

lifted they were tearless.



“I know,” she said, “and you feel

that it will be best for you—for you,

it I go?"



“Yes, Noreen,” earnestly. “The

very knowledge that you are here saps

my courage. Surely you can under‘

stand why this should be so, for the

more desperate our defense the more

ruthless our enemies will prove in the

hour of victory. The very knowledge

of what the result may be would al-

most lead me to surrender and, to a

less degree, your presence here must

affect your cousine.”



Why to a less de-





“The lieutenant!

gree?”



“Because,” I broke forth swiftly,

“you are less to him. This is your

first meeting; there is no tie between

you, except a distant relationship just

discovered. His solicitude is merely

the protection of a woman, while I

cannot forget that you are my wife."



“A temporary matter, a mere form.

So you wish to forget?”



“I did not say that, and have never

thought it.”



“Yet you regret?”





“Only because of the danger in





 





 





 





which you have been plunged—here ;





comes Harwood now.”





There was no mistaking the slen- I





der erectness of the man’s figure even

in that dim light, nor the cheerful

sound of his voice, as he paused,

glancing out through the side win-

dows, and giving laughing greeting to

the soldiers.



“Ah! my bold gunner of Staunton,”

he exclaimed as he stepped onto the

pulpit platform, “and is everything

still quiet here? Now you know what

it means when they sing if you want

a good time jine the cavalry. Let me

get a glimpse without.”



He stood gazing forth into the moon-

light, and our eyes took in the same

scene. Except for the dead bodies ly-

ing in the open, there was little to see

although a few figures, apparently of

men, moved back and forth at a dis-

tance well beyond range.



“.AS I thought, Wyatt,” said the lien—





l





l

l _.

l
. ..._,..,._--.___....+.....





 





l thar, an’ it lifts two'puncheon slabs





SEPT. 18, 1915;





tenant, finally turning about. “They

are massing their forces again at the

front. My lady you will witness some

real war presently.”



“They may’ delay the next attack

till daylight. ’



“No such luck; those fellows are

soldiers, not Indians, and are anxious

to get through with the job.”



“I have been urging your cousin to

let us send her out under a flag of

truce,” I said quietly, “to the protec-

tion of Captain Fox.”



“That is really what I came here

for,” he admitted, “and we haven’t

any time to spare. What say you,

fair cousin?"



“Is this asked of me on your ac-

count, gentlemen, or my-own?”



“Your own, of course,”



“Then my choice is to stay.” Sud-

denly I felt her hand on mine. “You

wi.‘.l not refuse me this privilege,

Tom?”



“No,"_ reluctantly, yet at the same

time strangely delighted at the

prompt decision, “but I thought the

other best.” _



Hal-wood laughed lightly.



“Again the blood,” he said gaily.

“Bah! so far as I am concerned the

asking was mere form; the answer

was already in the lady’s eyes. But

I muet go back to my lambs.”



“You have secured the door?”



“The best we can; braced it with

benches solid to the wall. The wood

will not resist long, but ’twill make

an ugly abatis for the Yanks to clam-

ber in over.”



He lifted his cap gallantly, and

turned away, humming some gay tune

softly as he felt his way along the

moonlit aisle. His very light—hearted-

ness left me.sober and depressed. She

must have realized all this, for her

handclasp tightened.



“You are sorry?

to go?"



"1 hardly know, Noreen; I have ev-

ery confidence in Fox—who is making

that noise? Is it the preacher?”



Lie was propped against the wall,

not far from us, and I bent over, not-

ing how he was bound. Instantly I.

cut the cords, and began rubbing the.t

man’s wrists to restore circulation.



“i never noticed you were strung up

like that, Nichols.” I said earnestly.

“W’ho did the job?”



“The sergeant,” he answered, chok—

ing. “I tried ter speak as soon as I

saw you an’ the lady yere, but I

couldnit git the gag out ’er my mouth.

Bend down a bit lower; I don’t want

0’ them sojers ter hear.”



“All right—what is it?”



“Yer ol’ Jedge Wyatt’s boy, ain’t

yer?l!



“Yes.”



“An’ she’s the darter 0’ Major Har-

wood?”



“This is Noreen Harwood.”



“I thought so, but thar ain’t hardly

light ’nough fer me ter be sure. I

married yer over cross ther mount-

ings—an’ is Anse Cowan along with

them Yanks out that?"



“Yes, and all the gang, excepting

old Ned, who was shot last night.”



“You shot him?”



“Well, it was my pistol; we were

fighting together.” Suddenly a new

thought swept through my mind. “See

here, Nichols, you are in as bad shape

as we are. Anse has treated you like

a dog, and he will never forgive you

for that marriage, even if it was per-

formed to save your life——”



“It wasn’t,” he chuckled. “I wa’n’t

ateerd yer would shoot. I wus thet

mad at Anse I didn’t care; but I reck-

on he’ll ’bout skin me alive if ever he

kitches me here.”



"Do you know of any way out?”



He glanced about cautiously, to as-

sure himself that no soldier was with-

in earshot.



“The baptistry.”



“The what?”



“The baptistry under the pulpit;

this is a Baptist church, and there is

an opening in the floor just back of

where you are. Fee] a little to the

left—~yes, about thar—don’t you touch

an iron ring? What, well thar’s one





You wished me





spiked together.”



“Yes, but what is below—just a

tank?”



His voice trembled with eager ex—

citement, and he gripped me tightly.



“I ain’t afeerd ter tell you, ’cause I

knew both yer daddies, an’——an’ I

reckon yer’ll take me ’long with yer,

won't yer? Yer won’t leave me yere

fer ter face that Anse Cowan? Ye’ll

promise me that?”



“Of course, Nichols,” I said sooth-

ingly, the man’s cowardice almost dis-

gusting, “if you show us a way of es-

cape we’ll go together if the chance

comes—what is it, speak quick.”



“I know the ol’ trail over the mount—

ings down ter Covington; I reckon as

how you couldn’t never git thar with—

out me. I thought it all out while I





 





 





 





was lyin’ there trussed up like a tur-

key, but they never give me no show

fer ter git loose.

will cut this yere rope oflen my 1683‘

I’ll show yer how fer ter git out—an’

nobody’ll never know nuthin’ ’bout it.”





(Continued next week).





Now if you folks!





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





 





 





li.





 





Still Better Tires ‘





Sizes 30x31/2 and 30x3





Small Goodyear Tires Enlarged 20%





Lower Prices, Too



Goodyear started this y.ear--on February 1*with

another big price reduction. it was our third in two

years, totaling 45 per cent.



This last reduction saves Goodyear users about

$5,000,000 this year. Thus, as output multiplies, we

give you more for your money. For years Good-

years have been the largest-selling tires in the world.





Now a New Design





But we also found in the past year a new design

which adds endurance t3 small-size tires. So we

changed every mold for sizes 30x3 and 30x3%.

The cost was $63,000.



In making this change we added 20 per cent to

the air capacity. A larger-size tire means extra

mileage, you lmow. ‘



And we added 30 per cent to the rubber in the

side walls, just above the bead. That's to combat as

never before a common cause of tire ruin—the breaks

near the rim-top due to constant flexing and chafing.



These additions will cost us $317,000, just on





this year’s small-tire output.





 

 

 





”Illa”:





@111” I ”I!





Also Goodyear “Wing” Carriage Tires and Other Types





For a Million Users





At least a million cars now use these small-size

tires. We want those users to lind in Goodyeurs

the greatest value known in Tiredom.



They have found it for years, as shown by Good-

year’s place. No other tire ever won so many users,

We have given them, even in size 30x3, a sturdy

four-ply tire. And our anti-skid tread—the Good‘

year All-Weather—has always been double-thick.



Now we add 20 per cent to the air capacity.

We add 30 per cent to the side-wall strength. 30 this

year, desnite lower prices, you are getting tires that

are much better.





 





Compare these new Goodyears with other small-

size tires—even with last year’s Goodyears. See for

yourself the extra mileage they give you. it is bound

to excel, on the average, any previous records on

tires oi like rated size.



Every neighborhood has its Goodyear dealer with

your size in stock, and who renders full Goodyear





service. For your own sake find him out.





(2661)





THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY





AKRON, OHIO

Makers of Goodyear “Tire Saver” Accessories





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





whose reputation de-

pends upon the quality

of the goods they buy

and sell. And I know

that if you once get

into these garments you

will be sold, too, in a

minute.





wear! Wright’s Union

Suits will average two





baberdas ers' for $2 up-

or three seasons. They C separate shirts and draw:

wear that long for me. W ers, $1 up."





 





 





 





 





“Talk about long





Salesman





finest long-fiber Egyptian





wool.





“ Besides the extra wear

in Wright’s Union Suits

they are tailored to fit per—

fectly and have a liberal

closed crotch. While they

are light in weight, they

are as comfortably warm

as any garment you ever

heard of.





“Theyl sell at good





"UNDERWEAR





warm-ms UNDERWEAR COMPANY. New York c...





 





 





GAS ENGINES 2°: a“???





“ 0 2 . .

Men, let me tell you about Wright s 1 13g,- tfficfgeld Bmdage engine

. . ,. .

1 15 H. P. Alamo engine on steel trucks.

UHIOII Sluts 1 12 5.19. 8MB engine on steel trucks.

u . c) ) '



I’ve wornWright’s t “No wonder they 1 1‘. ' l,‘ [(1.8 engine 0" WOOd trucka

Union Suits for years ” wearso well. The boss I $31,? Fairbanks Morse engme on

and sold them to hun— himself goes to market 1 8 ll. P. Field Brundage engine on

dreds of shrewd dealers each year and buys the skids.





These engines have been used a ver

cotton and fine-combed little. They have been carefully e):

amined and are guaranteed to give as

good service as new at less than one-

half the price. Get full particulars.





Post Office Box 275, Lansing, Mich.





 





For This 2





$3 9 . O





 





ale: and prices.

wnlltol.





 





Grand Rapids.





H. P.

GASOLINE AND KERO-

SENE ENGINE

complete and ready to run.

The Michigan Engine is bum

right and runs right, hilly

guaranteed for 5 years. Sims

2 to 16 H. P.. Stationary and

Portable. W.ite today for cat—

Stato bl'LO





Michigan Engine Co..

Station 0, Box 21.

lichigm.





 





Hairy Vetch Seed For Sale





150 onnd. $8.00 bushel. Backs free.

DUR D. BUELL. Elmira, Michigan.





 





BLOCK TIRES. 313.3331 “$6311"?





nwheele

. FREE.

THE BLOCK TIRES 00.. - OTTAWA... OHIO.





 





 





 





 





When writing to advertisers please

mention The Michigan Farmer.
THE MICHIGAN FARMER-





SEPT. 18, 1915.,





 





 





 

 





 

 





For rheumatism, gout, or lum-





bago use





“Vaseline“





CAM PH ORAT ED

PETROLEUM JELLY

Gets right to the seat of the trouble and



gives quick and grateful relief.



"Vaseline“ Camphorated is also strongly

recommended as a, soothing. healing oint-

ment for gathered breasts.



Put up in handy metal capped glass bottles.

At drug and general stores everywhere.

Illustrated booklet describing all the”Vase—

line" preparations mailed free on request.





CHESEBROUGH MFG. CO.

(Consolidated)

33 State Street. New York City





   





 





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





,,%h1aij:an3.H:Needc‘





,At,’ Home; and Elsewhere





 





 





 





 





Woman’s



HE pride of the family had just

T returned from college, finished.



She boasted of two letters after

her name; mother boasted that she

could talk in three languages, though

mean-spirited friends whispered on

the side that she could think in none;

father bragged of her knowledge of

soils and the solar system; sister

quoted her on food values and dishes

“au gratin,” and brother bowed down

in reverence because she had a speak-





 





 





 





 





 





Thoee Carrion of

Typhoid and Other

Dangerous Diseases.





 





You can do it most effectively



by reventlng fly - eggs from



hatc ing. And the U. 8. Dept. of

Agriculture has found Powdered

Borax the most eflcctlve substance

for this purpose. Its application is

very simple. Just sprinkle 2 ounces of





20 Mule Team Borax





(the same Borax you have always used

in your home) in the garbage can each

day through a flour sitter or sieve. For

manure piles, apply 10 ounces of 20 Male

Team Borax to 8 bushels of fresh man-





ure in the same manner as above. and

sprinkle with water.





For Sale By all Dealer-I





 





 





GALVANIZED





 





$2.25 aPER SQUARE





We can furnish Corrugated. V-Crlrnpod. Standing

, Beaded Ceiling and all kinds. of Ornamental Ceiling

Plates atlowutprcum Iliad. lpainted sheets at 97¢ per

azure up, Galvanised $2.26 up. Te us kind of building, exact

nsions of roof, when you ex act to bug, e ..

Roofing Experts Will tell york-PI l—exagtly ow much to buy.

but selecltion, exact cost. full directions to: laying. etc.

Bend our





Freight Prepaid Prices

:i’i‘é’tt'é‘ih READY ROOFING 400

l





W





 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





   





 

 

 

 

 





 





rand Rubber Surface New Ready

ng--2 and 3 pieces to rolI--com-

”a“ in Miami crest;

- y c' - y ' 'D Y



980: Apll other kind: at proportion-

ately low prices.





.. FREE BOOK AND

,, SAMPLES

‘ Writ. May for (walk; 9



52"”. gfhtnrnl‘s





 

 





CHICKS!) HOUSE WRECKIIG CO.

DOM. W43 CHICAGO





Pay Two PRICES





Efl&sl:gr‘i’§:an EE





To try in your own home for 30 days.

Show your iriends. Freight paid by

us. Send it back at our expense if you

. do not want. to keep it. You can buy

the beat at Actual Factory Prices. Our

new improvements absolutely surpass

anything ever produced. Save enough

on ssingle stove to buy your winter's

fuel. All HOOSIER

‘ STOVES Guaranteed

for Years. Send postal

toda for large FREE

Cat. o‘ue_ showing large

assortment to select from.

No obligations.





HODSIER STOVE 00.

13' State St', Marion, Ind.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





lainhmaking, Jewelry, Engraving and Optics





Bay. Boys! Have you made up your mind what

you are gorng to be? Shall it be a trade, a. rofession.

or something in the mercantile line? ow would



on like to become a Watchmaker and also take up

Sewelry work and Engraving? It is anice clean

business and a trade that pays good salaries.

Address HO BOLOGIOAL DEPARTMENT. Bradley

Polytechnic Institute. Peoria, 111., asking for full

particulars and catalogue.





 





 





"IIED first class, responsible‘men, now calling on

farmers. to carry side line on commission.

Only persons furnishing A-l references need apply.

Married men preferred. Detroit Times, Detroit, Mich.





' Saw your ad. in the Michigan

JuSt say-Eartha" when writing advertisers.





ing acquaintance With the football

captain. In short, her knowledge was

limitless as regards science, both do-

mestic and Otherwise, and the family

felt they had a right to be boastful.





“She’s ready for anything,” said

mother proudly. “If I do say it, there

isn’t a better educated girl about here

and she’s bound to make her mark.”



“Humph!” grunted grandfather dis-

gustedly. “Can she wash and dress a

baby?”



Mother and daughter were shocked,

and quite properly. For what place

have babies in a school or college cur-

riculum? They hushed grandfather

up, but he was heard to mutter later

that raising a family was every girl’s

natural vocation, and it would be more

to the point to teach her something

about that and not quite so much

about the fads and frills that only

made her stick up her nose at plain

folks at home.



Of course, grandfather is old-fash-

ioned and terribly behind the times.

But just the same, he seems about

right this time. Even the best edu-

cated of women is bound to fall for

the little god in time, and such is the

great wisdom of our educators that

she finds herself utterly unprepared,

in most cases, for the apparently sim-

ple and normal task of caring for her

first child. The number of oldest chil-

dren who are delicate in body or warp-

‘ed in temper bears witness to the

fact that the average mother “prac-

tices” on the first child, and uses her

dearly-bought knowledge for the ben-

efit of later brothers and sisters.





We could hardly introduce a class

in schools where babies cduld be ac-

tually cared for, “practiced” upon,

though there are one or two such

places in the country. But any school

could introduce the study of infant

feeding as easily as the study of cook-

ing and food values for adults has

been introduced. Mothers might sup-

plement the valuable knowledge by a

frank handling of the subject with

their daughters. Babies are quite the

most important thing in the world,

and why not be as straightforward in

discussing with our daughters the care

of their possible children, as in dis-

cussing the care of Persian kittens or

bull terriers? Why not prepare the

girls to be mothers instead of school

teachers or stenographers? Surely

the task of bringing children into the

world is far more important than

spending six hours a day in a school—

room or taking dictation from one’s

employer. It is far more important

for one’s own baby to be fed right

than for Johnny Jones to know how to

do cube root, or for a letter to be

punctuated correctly.



Quite the most helpless and pitiable

object on earth is the young mother

whose baby is not thriving. She has

nothing to go by but the advice of

well-meaning friends, for she has no

foundation of knowledge on which to

build. It is a simple thing to have a





 





 





 





Natural Vocation





healthy baby, only the following of a

few commonsense rules will suffice.

And the first of these is regular hab-

its. Regular hours for bathing and

sleeping and eating and these insisted

upon day in and day out does much to

establish good health. And as for eat-

ing, the same rule that her father ob-

serves in feeding his prize cattle would

hold for her baby. A certain amount

of scientifically prepared food at givv





-en hours is all that is needed. For





the baby is nothing more nor less than

a little animal and needs to be hand-

led as one would any other valuable

animal.



We hear a great deal nowadays

about woman’s broadening sphere and

her right to choose a vocation. But

in spite of the clamor, woman’s sphere

is still raising children, and will be to

the end of the chapter. Why not see

that she is prepared to do it instead

of wasting valuable time and money

teaching her something that only

gives her a wrong idea of what she is

here on earth for? DEBORAH.





SUN PRESERVING.





 





BY (7. n. CIIESLEY.



Preserving fruits by the action of

the sun is a method not commonly

practiced, yet there are seve'al rea-

sons why it is the best way. In the

first place berries and fruits keep

their flavor better if cooked by the

sun. In the second place they are

much more attractive in appearance,

and, finally, an item that appeals to

the busy housewife, there is a consid-

erable saving of labor. Here is a

method that has been employed by an

eastern farmer’s wife and her pres

serves and jellies are famous for their

attractive appearance and natural





flavor.





Porcelain platters are best to hold

the fruit while it is exposed to the

sun. Graniteware or any material

suitable for a preserving kettle will

do, in the absence of the porcelain.

The fruit should not stand more than

two inches deep in the platters if the

results are to be the best. Jars and

jelly tumblers should be sterilized in

boiling water and carefully wiped out

before the cooked fruit is put in them.



Pick out all soft and decayed ber-

ries or fruits, remove stems and wash

carefully so as not to mash. In sun-

preserving the berries should go into

the jars whole and unbroken, there—

fore be careful in washing them.

Weigh the fruit and allow the same

number of pounds of granulated sug-

ar. Some consider this too sweet and

put in less. Put the whole in a pre-

serving kettle, first a layer of fruit

then a layer of sugar. Let this stand

for an hour then put it on the stove

and bring slowly to the boiling point.

Boil for a few minutes and skim off

anything that appears on the top. Do

not stir.



After this preliminary cooking has

been done pour the fruit into the plat-

ters and place in the direct sunlight.

If there is a suitable place indoors, it

is much better than placing outside.

However, the usual place for such pre-

serving is the top of a piazza. See

that the platters set fairly level. This

may be assured by nailing a joist on

the roof of the veranda. Cover with

glass or cheesecloth. Glass is best.

This is necessary to keep out flies

and insects. Three or four days of

bright weather .suflice to prepare the





 





fruit for the jars. Dampness must be

avoided, thus it is necessary to take

in the platters at the first sign of

nightfall or an approaching summer

shower. When the syrup becomes

thick and almost of a jellylike consist-

ency the jars should be filled. Put on

a sealing of melted paraffin and

clamp or screw on the tops.



Strawberries, raspberries, currents,

gooseberries, cherries, plums and

pineapples, to say nothing of other

kinds, may be preserved in this way.

In fact any fruit, large or small, can

be preserved by the sun method and

the flavor is better than when cooked

on the fire. All sorts of jellies may

be put up with less cooking by the

same method. Cook the fruit in the

usual way, strain out the juice and

add the sugar to the hot syrup, boll-

ing just long enough for the sugar to

dissolve. Fill the tumblers and set in

the sun, covering with che'esecloth. A

few days in the bright sun will set the

jelly, when the paraffin should be put

on. Sun-cooked fruits and jellies

should be kept in a dark place to pre-

serve their natural colors.





 





L ETTER BOX.





 





Replies to “Miss America."



Dear Deborah2—In the issue of the

Michigan Farmer of July 3 I read

with much pleasure and interest the

article by “Miss America,” in which

she wants to know what other people

think.



I am 16 years old and have read the

Michigan Farmer for four years, more

or less. We live in the S— L— Valley

in the southern part of Colorado. My

father runs a. dairy and peddles milk

in A The glass bottles, separa-

tors, cans, kettles and milk buckets

make lots of dish washing. This is

my job. We have a 40‘gallon tower

in the pantry with a sink in the milk-

house, with cold and hot faucets. The

milk house is 12 feet wide and 20 feet

long. In the north end we have a

one and three-fourths horsepower

“chore-boy,” and a washing machine

and wringer combined, which is a

great convenience, I think.



Now my father does not have a fine

barn, blooded stock, all the new ma—

chinery, etc., neither does my mother

have a lot of fine things in the house.

We always have plenty to do; and we

all try to have a good time with our

work. There are four boys and two

girls, of whom I am the oldest. We

are one of four families who, although

we do live ten miles apart, get to-

gether once or twice a month, and

have a good time.



I do not think “Miss America” will

get a lot of “notions” and be “stuck

up” at school this summer and I do

think her family will be of a different

mind about a few things when she re-

turns home; for no home is complete

in this day and age of the world with-

out a water system.—“Miss Colorado."



The Country School Ma’am.



Household Editorz—I am a reader

of your valuable paper, although I am

a “mere woman,” and permit me to

say that I enjoy it thoroughly. I par-

ticularly enjoy the articles for the

welfare of boys and girls and im-

provements for farm women.



There is one more person whom I

believe could be discussed to good ad-

vantage through your paper, and that

person is none other than the coun-

try school-teacher. I have been one

of those despised beings but because

I cannot do what I consider right, I

am seriously thinking of changing my;

occupation.





 





 





 





3P— Md wu- «-
SEPT. 18, 19.15, p.





’ The country school teacher, taking

for granted “she” is of the weaker





‘sex, is a very insignificant person





whenshe is viewed from general out-

side, when she is on her throne—gen-

erally from 9:00 a. m. to 4:00 p. m.,

but when she is outside of her realm

she is the object of neighborhood gos-

sip, envy, hatred, ridicule, praise, con

fidence and trust. She is only a hu-

man being after all, and while I be-

lieve in parents discussing problems

of school work with the teacher, I do

not believe in the neighbors trying to

run her business for her.



It is true that she is paid for devot-

ing her time to the work of the school

but that is not always sufficient to

take every minute outside of regular

school hours. And if Tom Jones or

Bill Lewis think enough of her to

take her for a ride in that new car,

don’t act as if it were highway rob-

bery, because she is wasting some of

the valuable time that your taxes help

pay for. Wouldn't you have done the

same thing if you had been her? But,

then, I suppose that’s different.



She don’t teach school on Saturday

or Sunday, of course, so what do you

suppose she does with that valuable

time? I usually did my mending and

ironing if I hadn’t done it before, or

perhaps went to town, on Saturday.

On Sunday I went to church it there

was a chance, but, of course, I can’t

say what the others do. There is a

difference in teachers as well as in

fathers and mothers.



There is either too much expected

of some teachers or else they are not

able to meet their rquirements. Mr.

A. thinks that unless she whips at

least one child a day she is an utter

failure, and Mrs. B. thinks if she does

she is ,a perfect brute. Some people

seem to think that the success of the

school depends on criticism—and they

are right, too. But please bear in

mind that there ' are two kinds of

criticism'—tavorable and unfavorable.

Which is yours? We must admit that

there is a. lot of misunderstanding in

life but do we always dispose of it

favorably? Maybe Johnnie or Mary

didn’t get as high a mark in arithme

tic this month as they did last. Which

is the better way to (lo—ask the

teacher or call up all the neighbors

and see if their children suffered, too?



Another thing, do you find fault

with your teacher when your school

boys and girls can overhear you? If

so you are doing a three-fold harm;

first, to the child because it encour-

ages him in disobedience and robs

him of his respect for his teacher;

second, to the district because no

teacher cares to stay in a school

where she cannot give satisfaction,

and this will give your school district

the name of being hard to suit; and

lastly its distribution robs the teacher

of the confidence of the entire school.

She no doubt overhea‘rs your children

tell others and it takes away her

courage and her respect for you and

her work. On the matter of punish-

ment it is the same in school as in

the home.



I found that a whipping or shaking

up usually bring the desired result

but you pay a pretty dear price for it.

Don’t you? '



Maybe your teacher doesn‘t care

what you say about her but generally

she does. I always shall insist that

no teacher is not faultless except one,

The Great Teacher. If you don’t un~

derstand her or don’t like her, tell her.

It you do understand her or like her,

then tell the others. But above all,

give her a square deal, and I think

she will do the same for you—J. B.





 





CANNING CORN.





 





Corn is easily canned according to

the method that is being used by the

extension workers of the North Da-

kota Experiment Station. Use newly

picked corn, remove basins and silks,

boil on cob ten minutes, then plunge

quickly into cold water. Slice of! the





 





TH"E.-MI,CH‘IGAN FARMER





This, Pipeless Furnace Will

End Your Heating Troubles





If you’ve wanted to enjoy all the comforts of furnace heat but

have believed that it would be impossible for you to put a fur-

nace into your home, here’s an opportunity to realize your desire.





corn, fill the can full, and add a tea- .





spoonful of salt to each quart of corn.

Put the rubbers in place and the cov-

ers on loosely, then set the cans into

a wash boiler that has a false bottom

made of lath so as to keep the cans

raised from the boiler bottom. Then

boil for three hours and screw on cov-

ers tight. The corn is then ready to

be set away. The whole ears of corn

can be put into the cans, the only





difference being that half as much,





salt is used.——N. D. Ex. Station.





TO TREAT PLANT PESTS.





 





BY J. M. WILLSON.



There are few pests on house plants

that give more trouble than the two

or three species of scale to which they

are liable. These latter multiply and

develop with astonishing rapidity and

are very inimical to the vigor and

beauty of both woody and soft-textur-

ed plants. On the former they can be

successfully treated with kerosene

emulsion or strong whale-oil soap-

suds; but on begonias and other juicy

leaved varieties, there is no alterna-

tive except the slow process of care-

fully rubbing them off with a cloth or

soft brush.



They should be gone over in this

way at least every three or four weeks.

Such plants as are treated with kero-

sene emulsion or whale—oil soap, Will

need rinsing with clear tepid water in

about an hour after the application of

the insecticide, and should not be ex-

posed to strong sunlight until dry.





Tomato Salad.



Peel large tomatoes, chill, then slice

and put on watercress, sprinkling over

with chopped celery, olives and a little

finely chopped onion for a good salad.

Use cream mayonnaise; serve cold.





MICHIGAN FAR‘M ER PATTERNS.





 





Our latest Fashion Book, containing

illustrations of over 400 designs of

ladies’, misses’ and. children’s gar-

ments in current fashions, also newest





embroidery designs, and a concise and‘





comprehensive article on dressmaking

which gives valuable hints to the

home dressmaker, will be sent to any

address upon receipt of ten cents.





 





No. 1297—Girl’s Dress with Suspen-

der Belt. Cut in 4 sizes, 6, 8, 10 and

12 years. It requires 2% yards for

the guimpe, and 2% yards for the

dress, of 27-inch material, for a six-

year size. Price 100.



No. was—Girl’s Dress with or with-



out Tunic. Cut in 4 sizes, 8, 10, 12

and 14 years. It requires 3% yards of

40-inch material for an eight-year size.

Price 10c.

. No. 1287—Ladies’ House Dress..Cut

1n 6 sizes, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42 and 44

inches bust measure. It requires 5%.

yards of 44-inch material for a 36-inch

size. The skirt measures 2% yards

at its lower edge. Price 10c.



No. 1301—Ladies’ Dress.— Cut in 6

sizes, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42 and 44 inches

bust measure. It requires 5%. yards

of 44-inch material for a 36-inch size,

which measures 3% yards at lower

edge of skirt. Price -10c.' , '





 





 





15—247





The Mueller Pipeless Furnace is built to meet your needs.

It will go into any cellar no matter how small. You don't





have to make costly alterations

commodate heating pipes, for it requires none.

The beat all comes up from one register and is

distributed over the entire house, warming every

room thoroughly and well and supplying the

constant change of air that will go far toward

keeping your family healthy during winter months.





 





in your building to ac-

Coal, Coke 33‘ Wood





You can burn either coal,

coke or wood in this great

new furnace and save con-

siderable in your fuel bills.





Mueller

Pipeless Furnace





With this new kind of furnace you can heat your rooms

easier than with stoves and keep them much cleaner.





1} 'i "’J 1

f ’-





' l

v

1'“

u





y





. _ Find out how easil





b





t------------





There's no lugging coal inand ashes

out. You get the full use of all the

space that stoves take up. The air

in your rooms is always fresh

and moist endcen easily be kept at

just the temperature you want. No

heat is wasted. Cellar is kept cool





unless you want to

Easy to run and regulate.



built for long, hard service. Costs consid-

erably less that





warm it.

Substantially





furnaces with pipes.





you





have this new urnace





, ~ Write today for our illustrated booklet ex-

/ k plaining construction and operation of the

1 l MUELLER Pipelees Furnace.We will tell

‘ you what size is NEED ED for your home





—where and how to install it and what

it Wlll cost. Don’t wait. Answer

this advertisement at once.





L. J. Mueller Furnace Co. "fifiizfiifi'iéfl'

195 Reed St, Milwaukee, Wis.





 





Is the Best Teacher





l The





' lightness, even texture and

digestibility. You cannot be sure

of these results unless you use a per.

feet Icavcncr. Experience teaches

that Rumford Baking Powder raises

bread, biscuit, rolls, gems, muffins

and cake—evenly, thoroughly, lightly

—and brings out the delicate flavor

of your fresh ingredients. Rumford

is always uniform in strength, al-

ways gives the best multk—becauee

so economical and dependable.





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIII , »

Mumememdjoratn‘dm





 





[dud

Mod'erb

Dept. 12

Providence. R. I.





I enclose

in stamps 4°.





for sample can.





Name

Street

City

(Publication)





Experience





test of home-baking is





‘ ma ,wubtrsous





 

 

 

 





 





ford





 





BAKING





 





 





 





POWDER





 





 





 





LET us TAN _

voun mnr.





Cattle or Horse hide. Calf, Dog, Deer

oreny kind of skin with hair or fur on.

We the and "wish them right 5 make

them Into com (for men And women).

robes. rugs or loves when ordered.



1: gentler («Kg

0 uy 1'. cm, and be w

Motel orth more. Our





 

 

 

 





will eoetyon lees than





[Knee a lot: 01in—





formation which every stock raiser ‘ ..





should he





be‘ ml



”:32: ll a. tremendous advantage

I eel! eth- ; About the I

and nine rophla we sell. to:





[code



dorm, on.



your (arm

the





5‘"





ve. but we never-pend out this

valuable book exec t -



It tells how to tulle u 11 “mm“.

hides; how and when we





 

 

 

 

 





Niagara for

n: man

about our tale dyeing pro-

eepecially on bone





It em

‘Jouw hoopyeendu





Ill-h Pr ,

m. nun-2131'?





 





Cider Barrels F or 5;];





500 Whiskey barrels. hell barrels. and kegs, 2m



pickle and haul. barrels. half barrels and kegs;



and 2,000 grain bags at I0: each: 3,000 potato and



onion bags; 2,000 flour bags.



MICHIGAN BARREL AND BAG 00.,

283 Franklin St... Detroit. Michigan.





. W



WANTED—AN IDEA. milfié’lfi‘e‘xfifilgfll

your ideas, they may bran outgeelzb; Ytipbeugo:

Needed Inventions an ow so our; 3 '31 ‘





d Y M . RA 0 H 00..

:Ia‘TOOITREYgTOREPT. 6‘". WASHINGTON. D. 0.





$323.35 PAINT. $1.25 GAL.





Guaranteed. Sells elsewhere now for a”.

PAINT WAREHOUBI. m which. MID“. [Id].





A Music Student 2.322??? ram;





comatose education In music by doing housework





feh'hoofolo comm-:17

all"... 2443.: MICHIGAN Fumes. Box pm. we.





 





. _ we.
TIiE RAICTJICEAIQ‘FIXRJMIRR





SEPT. 18, 1915.





 





 





248—16

glilllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllll|llllllllillillllllllllllllilllllIllll|llll|ll||llllll|lllllllllllllllllHllllllllllllllllli|llllll||lllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIllllllllllllIIllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllll||||lll|||llll||lllll§

arm ommcrcc¢.2





Elllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllI|lllllllIllllllllIllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIill|Illlllllllllllllllllllllllillllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllll||llllllllllllllllllllllllll





Selling the Surplus





ByB.fL





HEN the farmer bartered with

‘/R/ the shoemaker, or the tailor,



or the store keeper, the ques-

tion of appearance of supplies did not

appear so important. There was less

need of attracting favorable attention.

The shoemaker probably knew the

farmer and was less disposed to be

critical than he would have been of a

stranger. It is quite likely, too, that

the shoemaker might have been a

shade remiss in the style and appear-

ance of his shoes. In this respect,

then, the two were able to get along

without much trouble. But when the

farm product goes to market and

must compete with a great quantity

of other farm products the appear-

ance becomes a matter of such vast

importance that it is second only to

actual quality. Indeed, a product with

good appearance will frequently out-

sell one with better quality, but poor

appearance. The truth is that the av-

erage purchaser in a city market buys

almost exclusively by eye, therefore,

the farmer has need to study appear-

ance and make his products look as

well as he can. The better they look

the more likely he is to sell them at

a good price.



Appearance Gets Better Prices.



The writer has been particularly in-

terested in seeing the peaches which

have come into one of the great mar-

kets of the country thus far this year.

Some have been assorted and graded

before they left the farm. The small

baskets in the crates were evenly fill-

ed With fruit of substantially the same

size and where extreme care was used,

of the same color. When the crate

was displayed the fruit was very

tempting. In some instances they place

green leaves over them, but not al—

ways and the practice may be ques-

tioned because of the fact that the

leaves. wilt and present a faded ap-

pearance which is not wholly pleas-

ing. Of course, a small matter like

this is largely a question of individual

judgment, but if the producer would

get the best appearance possible for

his fruit he probably would not dis-

tribute green leaves to wilt and look

stale upon his crates.



Such peaches as this will sell at

once and bring the highest price of

the day. Perhaps they are of no bet-

ter quality than some other fruit

which is not so carefully handled, but

the difference of a dollar or more in a

Crate is well worth considering and

will enable the grower to obtain the

most possible for his goods.



Advantage of Even Grading.



On the other hand, the same mar-

ket has been flooded a portion of the

time with peaches packed in the old

time peach basket. The tops are sat-

isfactory but a few layers down the

size begins to diminish and by the

time the bottom is reached the size

and quality of the fruit leaves much

to be desired. If a buyer will take it

without examination there is little dif-

ference in the price, but buyers are

wiser than they were a few years ago

and it is difficult to secure an order

without displaying the fruit. And

when that is done the basket will be

turned back. Unless the fruit runs

even throughoutit is difficult to dis-

pose of its profitably.



Buyers are not prejudiced against

small fruit. Some prefer it and were

the small sized peaches packed in bas-

kets by themselves, and sold for just

what they are, small fruit, it will sell

readily enough. It is the deception

which is practiced that arouses the

buyers’ opposition. They have no ob-





ALLBEE





jections to small peaches because they

are small, but do have objections to

buying a basket by the fruit on top,

which is of good size, even and well

colored, then to find further down

the small fruit, often partially green

and in other instances so far gone as

to be positively decayed.



Should Help the Commission Men.



Not infrequently the farmer will say

that he is not to blame for what the

commission man does after the fruit

arrives at his store, and quite often

he is right. But the farmer can es-

tablish his own trade mark, he can

select a commission man who will not

repack for the purpose of deceiving

customers and he can insist that his

product, bearing his trade mark, shall

be handled in such a way that his rep-

utation does not suffer.



Fifteen years’ experience among the

commission men of the largest city

in the United States has convinced

the writer that the proportion of com-

mission men who take advantage of

the customer on one side and the pro—

ducer on the other is not large,

though every market has some. If,

however, the farmers perform their

part in the transaction there is less

likelihood of any such practices. It

requires drastic measures sometimes,

but a few examples will suffice to put

a stop to this in any market.



The commission man, on the con-

trary, blames the producer. He says

that he has to take whatever is sent

him and that it is necessary to pack

the goods in this way to sell them at

all. But this argument doesn’t stand

analysis excepting in rare instances.

Of course, there are farmers and oth-





men saw the light and followed sub-

stantially the same methods. The re-

sults in all instances justified the ad-

ditional effort and cost of preparation.



And the fruit grower in Michigan

who must, perforce, send his product

to a distant market where it is to

compete with the products of other

orchards, which the Michigan grower.

never saw, must adopt the same gen-

eral method if he hopes to secure

the best prices for his products. This

is a repetition, it is true, but it is one

of those repetitions which serve to

emphasize the need and will develop

a business if adhered to that will out-

last the season.



Make lnspection Easy.



Be careful of your peaches. Pick

them without bruises. Grade them ac~

cording to size and color. Pack them

honestly in baskets or crates so that

they will run evenly all through. The

crate with the small baskets is best

because it enables the buyer to see

exactly what he is getting. There is

no deception and no opportunity for

any. The basket holds but three or

four layers and it is not difficult to

discover what is being offered in each

one. With the fruit packed in this

way, perfectly sound and well colored,

there is no question of price.



Every man who raises produce for

sale, no matter whether it is fruit or





vegetables, should appreciate this mat-

ter of color—or appearance, it may,

best be called. If it is good the buyer

feels satisfied and will take what is

offered, but if it is ofi color there will

be trouble all along the line and fin-

ally the offering will go at the lower

value.‘ Sometimes the color doesn’t

indicate the real flavor of the fruit,

but that does not matter for few have

an opportunity to'taste before they

buy. And therefore they are compell~

ed to select by appearance.



Exercise the utmost care in your

peach orchards this season. The Mich-

igan peach has an enviable reputation

in all markets, but sometimes the

packages are so manipulated that the

buyer questions whether or not he

has obtained a Michigan peach. It

isn’t easy to discover unless one may

be certain of the mark. However, if

the grower exercises due caution and

sends out only such fruit as will pass

the critics in each market then he

may be sure of good returns for his

effort. -



Picking and packing are important

parts of the work of peach growing

and deserve closer attention than

some Michigan growers have given

them in times past. Perhaps it will

be different this year, but a warning

uttered now may be helpful to those

who have this crop yet to ship.





Economy in Use of Trailer





N Tuesday of this week we saw



a young farmer marketing 3,400



-pounds of corn with his twenty~

horsepower pleasure car and a trail-

er. He carried 2,700 pounds of the

weight in the trailer and the other

700 pounds in the car. It was sixteen

miles to market and the trip was

made in one hour. ' With a team he

would have spent at least ten hours in

marketing this load; with the equip-

ment used he was back home inside

of four hours from the time he start-

ed, fully two hours of which time was

spent at the market. Viewed from





 





 





 





Taking Advantage of the Pulling Power of the Automobile as well as its





Carrying Power through





er growers who will seek the tempor-

ary advantage by packing their fruit

in this way, but they are so few that

they are scarcely worth noting. They

form no considerable part of the great

whole who send produce to market.

The next. few months will be the

season for the shipment of fruits of

all sorts. Peaches now, apples later,

pears in between, and grapes where

they are produced, with plums and

various other sorts in their resepctive

seasons. It is quite impossible to lay

down a separate rule for each one. If,

however, the main facts are kept in

mind while preparing shipments less

difficulty will arise. The market can

be kept active and the higher prices

can be obtained. The California orange

growers discovered that grading and

packing according to size and color

insured more active selling of oranges.

Then the peach, and pear, and apple





the use of the Trailer.





whatever angle, this young man’s

method of marketing is superior to

the old system of his father’s in which

horses were used.



Conserve the Waste Power.



Here is a waste that he transformed

into a profit or advantage. If- the

young farmer could afford a pleasure

car without making use of it in mar-

keting his product, he can certainly

make the investment a valuable one

when the car is used for both a pleas-

ure vehicle and a means of carrying

produce to town.



This conservation of waste power

appears to be little understood. Most

men have not thought the matter

through or they would recognize the

amount of pulling power that is going

to waste every time they make ajour-

ney to town in their automobile and

take no load with them when there

are products to be marketed. A little





reflection will put the thoughtful man

right in this matter. All know that

a man cannot carry as heavy a load

as he can pull on wheels that are on

a reasonably good road. In other

words, a man’s drawbar pull is much

greater than his lifting power; this

has been pretty well figured out and

it has been found that one pound of

pull will move an eight-pound

load. On ordinary roads, therefore.

we usually figure a pull of about 250

pounds for the average ton load.

Efficiency in Use of Trailer.



From this it will be observed that

there is great efficiency in the use of

a trailer. It takes advantage of the

drawbar pull and when we come to

think comprehensively about it, we

recognize at once that practically all

of our land transportation is'accom-

plished in this manner. The railroad

companies move goods at an average

cost of seven mills per ton, whereas

if their loads were carried on the en—

gines instead of being pulled by them,

the cost would be multiplied many

fold. In the case of the young farmer

mentioned above, he carried practical-

ly four times as much weight upon

the trailer as was carried in the ma-

chine which did the pulling.



By using this drawbar power the

profit from the investment in an au-

tomobile is not only doubled but fre-

quently multiplied many fold. There

are numerous occasions where auto-

mobiles could not be afforded by farm-

ers if they were obliged to merely use

them for carrying purposes, but where

they can take advantage of the pull-

ing capacity of the machines as well

as their carrying capacity, the invest-

ments will prove to be exceedingly

wise and profitable.



Keep the Machine Busy.



The machine that usually makes the

most money for its owner is the one

that is used to its fullest capacity. De-

preciation is almost as rapid in an

idle machine as it is in one that is

used constantly, so that the original

capital is absorbed quite as fast

whether one is getting work out of

the implement or not. It stands to

reason therefore, that when one buys

a corn binder, a cultivator, a plow or

an automobile he should employ it in

useful and economic work as much as

it is possible to do so.



Here, then, is a chance for the





farmer who owns an automobile or a 3





truck (for trucks have the same ad-

vantage in pulling as the automobile),
SEPT. 18, 1915;“





 





The Bidwell Bean

Thresher





Does not split or injure the

grain, delivers it clean and

polished in the measure.





 





 





The “BIDWELL, JR.”

BEAN THRESHER _





For individual users, or in

rough country where heavy

machines are difficult to move.

Tracks with wagon. 4 to 10

H. P. gas engine required.

Weight, 2,800 lbs.



Write for Catalogue 12.





J. M. PRESTON GO.





Lansing, Mich.





 





For Safety’ 3 Sake





When you re pinging up 3:3th or car

or wor anyw ere no he ce at

nigh—don t take a nwdleaeh {51



with matches or old fachionecl gingham?





ArDr

FLASHLIGHTS





can t cause fiver or explosion: any-

whac.e can on in pocket

or auto kit ready instantly to give a

strong, bright lighltlu t wind or rain

can t palm out.





No. 56 63l illustrated. ieriickel plated

mketllighhw $I. 50in United Stats



Canada; other styles

75cm $7 50. Ask oudcdcr or

writetor etece No. 73.





.AIIRICAN EVER READY WORKS

‘ of National lCerbon

Ia- Idend C‘Iy New York





 





Clearing Stumpland

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can whyi“f squic gerangguu: gfirgtérmpsa‘nng enty





hot. rite to 11y for Whack. Ad





MI ERoniiéiA





t To and How

m: and by Concrete." uVVrlto today. To

THE VAN DUZEN-BOYS 00.. “

Em 31112.. Columbus, Ohio.





T-H E MICHWI





to increase his motor car income by

keeping the machine busy more hours

and days in the year. And it will be

found that on the average farm there

are a multitude of opportunities for

using a trailer to advantage. We say

to advantage advisedly because where

one has a load that can be carried in

a trailer he can handle it with such

increased dispatch as compared with

team hauling that the saving of time

is very appreciable. The farmer can

haul seed, fertilizer, feed, grain, live

stock, poultry, coal, posts, salt, flour,

and a thousand other things that must

be transported to and from the farm

and upon it, and he can double the

capacity of his motor truck by adding

a trailer when marketing milk, fruit,

vegetables, grain, hay, etc.





llUllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllIllIllllll'|llllllllllll"'§lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllll

Crop and Market Notes.





Michigan.



Shiawassee Co., Sept. 7.—-Weather

is favorable for farm crops. Corn is

coming to matmity and some fields

will be ready to cut in two weeks.

Plowing for wheat about done. New

seeding looking fine Clover seed not

filling; potatoes badly hit with the

blight. Beans, also badly injured by

wet weather. Alfalfa ready for the

third cutting; sugar beets promise a

banner crop; prospects for apples

very p001; no pears. Some wheat is

going to market; wheat 97c; oats 38c;

corn 74c; butter 19_c; early potatoes

600; plenty of feed in far’mers hands.



Berrien Co., Sept. 6.-—-Alfalfa good,

but was hard to secure the second and

third crops. Clover seed not filling





l





well. Oats yielded 30 to 70 bushels

per acre but of low grade. Wheat

yield ranged from 15 to 35 bushels





per acre and not a good grade. Corn

later th an usual, only that on sandy

land giving promise of a fair crop.

Too wet for beans and spoiling badly.

Potatoes 95 per cent of a crop, though

some blight is reported. Seeding prep-

arations slow as shock threshing is

not done yet. Not many cattle or

sheep; hogs in fair quantity; poor

eiop of late apples; pears a normal

crop. Wheat 96c; oats 35c; wool 25

@300; butter-fat 25c; hogs 7c. Mar-

ket strong for good cattle and mutton.



Hillsdale 00., Sept. 6.—Threshing is

in progress aiid proves that bumper

crops of wheat, oats and barley have

been produced. Wheat 25 to 40 bush-

els; oats 40 to 85 bushels, rye light,

averaging 10 bushels per acre; wheat

was not damaged at harvest time, and

is being sold direct from the machine

for a little better than $1. Corn is

late and needs three or four weeks of

warm weather to ripen; the crop

promises well except on low or heavy

soil. Late potatoes have been hit

hard by blight; not much clover seed;

not much plowing for wheat yet.



Livingston Co., Sept. 6.—~Oats have

been harvested in good condition. The

yield of wheat was reduced probably

25 per cent by wet weather. Thresh-

ing just begun with good yields re-

ported. Beans almost a total failure

on account of blight, though the stand

was the best in years. With favor-

able weather corn will make a good

crop. Potatoes will be about 50 per

cent of a normal crop on account of

the blight.



Ohio.





Columbiana Co., Sept. 6.-—Cool rainy

weather here for several weeks. The

farmers are well along with their fall

plowing. Oats a bumper crop, running

from 50 to 80 bushels per acre; wheat

just fair; little clover seed is being

made, as the heads do not seem to be

filling very well. Potatoes not in good

condition; have had very little rot but

blight has done considerable damage.

Corn is well along but needs a couple

of weeks warm weather to mature.

There is an abundance of all kinds of

fruit, especially apples. Wheat $1;

oats 40c; potatoes 50c; wool 26c;

chickens 121/20 for old and 150 for

young; butter-fat 260; eggs 22c.



Madison Co., Sept. 6,—The corn

crop is still very green. About one—

thlrd of wheat and oats yet to thrash;

damage by rains has been heavy. The

clover seed crop is a. failure. Pota-

toes are good and will be a large crop.

It is too wet to plow except sod which

some are plowing for wheat, so seed-

ing will be late. Cattle and sheep are

scarce and high. Horses in fair de-

mand. Live stock prices steady Grain

prices vary according to quality. Eggs

23c; butter 25c.



Medina Co., Sept. 6.—-Wheat yield-

ing between 25 and 40 bushels; oats

70 to- 80 bushels. Early potatoes are

rotting badly, and late ones affected

with blight. Very little clover seed.

Corn is falling short of expectations.

Seeding is backward because of the

wet weather Fruit of all kinds very

plentiful. The average amount of live

stock on hand. Wheat 98c; butter

25c; eggs 24c. . ,





 





 





 





GAN FARMER 17—249





CINCIAL MOTORS COMPANY





TRUCKS





Double your crop of dollars





The largest exclusive truck factory in the world is building

apractical auto truck for farm work. It saves time and

money hauling produce and milk to market and can be con-

verted into a comfortable carry-all for the whole family.





We build trucks in all standard sizes up to five tons. We are

headquarters for truck information and for trucks of all kinds.





Simply tell us how much you have to haul, how far you are

from market and the kind of roads you have. Without cost or

obligation we can give you some interesting and valuable infor-

mation. Ask for our free booklet 10, on our general purpose

truck.





GENERAL Morons TRUCK Co

Pontiac, Michigan





 





 





111.1. none FARM LAND'

WE MUST HAVE RAIN





However too much rain is as bad as not enough unless properly taken care of.

Have your land thoroughly drained with Michigan made Tile-the ”American" brand

and make sure of bigger crops—fertile acres.



Vitrified Salt Glazed Drain Tile in sizes from 3 to 24 inches.

on earloed lots.





IMEBIGIN SEWER PIPE COMM", 200 St. James Avenue. Jackson. Michigan.





 

 

 

 





Write today for prices





WSW/1'0]! (011/1 (rib;





Coot no more than wood-last a lifetime~fumish complete protection for

- _your Com crop. Made of perforated galvanized' iron. Easily ut up

in a few til-120.140 special too‘ 5 required. Curing and ventilating shaft

. make-corn metered in Donnell Crib. cure better, keep

mould and retain germinating urengui better.





Rat»-Proof—Firo-Proof-Weather-Proof





mice and other vermin can't live on :



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1- rustproofB. Liqhtningand fire can 't damage yam ero Made

1,, in circular styo like illustration or in single or don le- shed

. with d.rivmy Many size! to choose from. .

only $47 50 and up, freight paid. Write for tree catalog /[~‘

today more convenient for purchaser we will ship I _



' at once and allow at after harvest. Write for Ire. ,

'. artelog today. A ' John B. when, President





IRON GRID & BIN GO.._Box 130 . Wooster, Ohio





,free from





:52 , ‘





 





 





 





With Petal

long-Distance

Axles. Univer-

sal Joint

Shock

Absorber

Attache-t,





Everything ell





. $400 a

M01111. “A” HANDY 1111311111111 1111111311 cramm— 7..





DWI'I‘H 1r 0 002. CELEBY. WEIGHT OVER 1125 P0UND8.r°um,s

The HANDY HICHIGARW TRAILER. is easily attached to an u; make of auto and goes wherever the auto

nose. A poet.) brings circular B wit a full doeoription.





 





 





 





MICHIGAN TRAILER COMPANY, - - KALAMAZOO. MICHIGAN

1 F‘?" DYNAMI I E

-,..anrete 1v ”X81“ wn H



. ‘ 7 - — , ‘ and accomplish more work h r.



, .1. 1.qu " E? E8 . moving stumps, rocks, also planb



.. ._._’__ ing trees, digging ditches, eta,



. ‘ thalin twsnvyinien. It’- .



Sendn-ro-re—endr' lleend you, “which ' , ashgd 3:113th , [noun 6"



in. blue-print plane and cum tote llutmc- . tro- llulnthluteteglawedprleu.



fionl for building n practlc ,thoroughly- . Ho salesmen Established over II



provon dude concrete mixer. , Write loll.



liundredsot. other-s have used my tree _- TBIURS POND R CO.

Plans successfully. You can. too. My' ‘ " MW ' IIDIAIO-





”MG” also given free.

certotodey-ntbeytwo-11 by return null





 





‘ Always mention the Michigan Farmer

when writiu to edvertieen. ,
THE MICHI'GA





N. FARMER,





SEPT. 18, 1915.





 





250—18

E.numummnmnnmmmmnnnnmmnnunnumunuumunnnuuuuunnmmmm”Inning

g M E

E . g

s 31’ kCLS. s





E





EIIIIHIIIIIIIllIIIIIllIIIlIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIE

WEATH ER FOR ECAST.





For week beginning Wednesday,

September 15,.for region of the great

lakes. Local thunder showers at the

beginning of the week will be follow-

ed by fair and cooler weather begin-

ning Thursday. ‘





GRAINS AND sEEos.





September 14, 1915.

Wheat.——Prices have reached a high-

er level the past week. The weather





 





 





has had a direct bearing upon price 15





making, the recent rains havxng done

additional damage to the grain in the

fields of the northwest and delayed

deliveries from farms in sections

where threshing has been under way

for some time. Besides this, farmers

have been conservative in their mar-

keting, believing that the outlook for

future prices warrants holding onto

the grain until later. This restricted

delivery is indicated by the primary

receipts which show a falling off of a

third of a million bushels as compar-

ed with a year ago. In Minneapolis

and Winnipeg receipts on Monday

were 3,835 cars as compared with‘5,231

cars for the corresponding day last

year. Besides this the American vis-

‘ible supply was more than 23,000,000

bushels greater a year ago than now.

Much will depend, however, upon the

needs of foreign countries, thus far

the belligerent nations have not come

into the market here for large blocks

of the cereal. Occasionally, however,

purchases are being made. It is likely,

too, that on account of the deprecia-

tion in exchange that the colonies will

be given first preference on the mar-

kets. One year ago No. 3 red wheat





was quoted at $1.06 per bushel. Quo-

tations are as follows:



N0. 2 No. 1



Red. White. Dec.

Wednesday . . . .1.07% 1.04 % 1.02

Thursday . . . . . . .08 1.05 1.02%

Friday .........1.11 1.08 1.05%

Saturday . . ..... 1.12 % 1.09 % 1.07

Monday . . . . .1.12 1.09 1.06%

Tuesday ....... 1.12 1.09 1.07



Corn.—Values remain practically





steady. Over a wide area the growing

crop seems to be making wonderful

progress because of the ideal weath.

er. The chances for the grain matur-

ing satisfactorily are greater every

day. In Liverpool the market is quiet.

One year ago No. 3 corn was quoted

at 78%0 per bushel. Quotations are

as follows:





No. 3 No. 3



Mixed. Yellow.

Wednesday . . ....... 79 81 %

Thursday . . . ........ 79 81%

Friday 79 81%

Saturday . . ......... 79 81 %

Monday ............ 79 81 %

Tuesday ............ 78 81





Oats.-—During the week prices ad-

vanced a fraction. There is a fair sup-

ply on the local market and the Am-

erican visible supply has increased

2,350,000 bushels. One year ago stan-

dard oats were quoted at 48%c per





bushel. Quotations are as follows:



, Standard. White.



No. 3



Wednesday . ........ 37 35%

Thursday . . ......... 37 35%

Friday . . . ........... 37 35%

Saturday ........... 37% 36

Monday . 37% 36

Tuesday ............ 38 36 1





Rye.—There is practically no deal-

ing in this cereal on the local market

with cash No. 2 quoted at 91%c and

September at 90c per bushel. Chicago

quoted No. 2 rye at 93c.



Beans.—-Reports continue to come

in of an impaired crop. No dealing

here. Detroit nominal quotations are:

Cash $2.95; per bu; October $2.80;

Chicago trade is quiet and steady. Pea

beans, hand-picked, choice, are firm at

$3@3.25; common $2.62@2.80; red kid-

neys $3.50@3.60. At Greenville the

elevators quote $2.60.



Timothy Seed.—Higher.

$3.75 per bushel.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.

FIour.-——-Jobbing lots via one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detrmt

market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best

patent $5.90; seconds $5.60; straight

$5.20; spring patent $6.60; rye flour

6.20.





Trime spot





Feed.——In 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $25; standard middlings

29; fine middlings $32; cracked corn

$34.50; corn and cat chop $31.50 per

ton.





New Hay.—No. 1 timothy $18@19; 1





standard timothy $17 @18; light mixed

$17@18; No. 2 timothy$16@17; No. 1

mixed $14@15; No. 2 mixed $12@14;

No. 1 clover $12@14. ,



Chicago—Demand good and supply

of good hay is light. New timothy

$8@17 per ton. .



Straw.—-Rye straw $7.50@8; wheat

and oat straw $6.50@7 per ton.





DAIRYVAND POULTRY Pnooucrs.





Butter.—Is easier and 10Wer. Offer-

ings more liberal. Extra creamery

24c; firsts 23-c; dairy 210; packing

stock 18c per lb.



Elgin.—Libera1 ofierings and warm

weather brought a reduction of 2c per

pound from last week’s prices. Quo-

tation for the Week is 24c.



Chicago.—Buying is slow and prices

are lower. Extra creamery 24@24%c;

extra firsts 23%c; firsts 22%@23c;

seconds 21@21%c; packing stock 19

@19%c per pound.



Poultry.——The market is easy for all

kinds. Some accumulations on the

market. Live—Broilers No. 1, 15c;

No. 2 14@14%c; heavy hens 14@

14%c; others 11@11%c per pound;

ducks 14@150; geese 100; turkeys



c.





 





Chicago.——Market is steady at prices

slightly lower than last week. Fowls,

good weights 13%c; others 10@120;

spring chickens 15c; ducks 12%@

13%c; geese 120; guinea hens $2.75@

3 per dozen; turkeys, good weights,

14c; spring turkeys 20@22c.



Eggs—Market is firm with offerings

light. Candled firsts sell at 24c; cur-

rent receipts 220. .



Chicago—The feeling is firm at

prices slightly higher than last week.

Miscellaneous lots, cases included,

17%@220; ordinary firsts 21@21%c;

firsts 22@22%c.



Veal.——Quoted steady at 14@14%c

for fancy, and 13@13 %c for common.





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





Apples—Supply good. Fancy $2.25

@250 per bbl, and 75@80c per bu;

common $1@1.50 per bbl and 40@50c

per bushel. At Chicago the market is

easy with supply good. Duchess sell

for $1.25@1.50 per bbl; Wealthy $2@

2.25; Maiden Blush $2@2.50.



Pears.—-—Market is fair for good

stock, good Bartletts bringing $4.50@

4.75. At Chicago prices vary as to

quality. Michigan Bartletts sell for

$3.50@4 per bbl; 25c@$1.25 per bu».



Potatoes—But few Michigan tubers

coming. Jerseys are quoted at 63@

65c per bushel. At Chicago Michigan

whites selling at 40@50¢ per bushel

in carlots. At Greenville 30c per bush-

el is being paid.



Peaches—Market active and firmer.

Demand is good. Island peaches are

bringing $1.25 for AA’s; 95c@$1 for

A’s; 500 for B’s. The market at Chi-

cago has not recovered from slump of

last Week. Michigan fruit sells for

50@75c per bu; 5@100 per one-fifth

bushel basket.





 





 





WOOL.





 





Boston.——The announcement that

Great Britain will raise the embargo

on wool under certain conditions has

disturbed to some extent the market

on this side. Prices, however, remain

at practically the same level, but

transactions have not been on so large

a scale as before the announcement.

A fairly good amount of fleeces were

sold last week with fine unwashed de-

laines at 300; three-eighths combing

at 371/20; three~eighths clothing at

33 %c. Dealers remain confident that

prices will advance and sales in Lon-

don show an upward trend of values.





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





 





The usual amount of produce was

handled at the Eastern Market Tues-

day morning. Prices are only fairly

good. Tomatoes are down to around

60@65c for average good grade; pota-





,§ toes 70@750; onions 50c for yellow;





apples 600@$1.25; cabbage 35c; crab

apples $2; cucumbers 65@900 for the

large, $2.25 for medium; corn 60@70c

for five dozen ears; eggs 35c per doz;

loose hay generally sells at $15@22

per ton, with the range from $15@24,

good timothy being scarce.





GRAND RAPIDS.





Frequent rains and the hot weather

have not been good for peaches,

grapes and other fruit and the grow-

ers seem likely to sustain heavy loss-

es. Peaches have wide range, depend-

ing on quality, but good fruit is still

commanding fair prices. A few of the

large fruit growers in this section

have engaged a local commission

house as sales agent for this season,

the arrangement being similar to one

that has been successfully carried on

for years by growers of lettuce and

other vegetables under glass. Cream-

ery butter is off 10 and dairy No. 1

is quoted at 25@260; fresh eggs at

22@22%0; potatoes are worth around

40@45c; tomatoes 500 on the city

market. Hay brings $12@15. Mills

are quoting No. 2 red wheat at $1@

.03 per bushel.





LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo.

September 13, 1915.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stev-

ens, New York Central Stock

Yards. Buffalo. N. Y.)

We had 160 cars of cattle here to—





 





 





 





day, including several loads heldover

from last week; Chicago came in with

19,000,"lower, and Kansas City with

28,000, lower, and we were up against

it good and proper. Buyers would not

take hold readily, as the eastern mar-

kets are in bad shape and we were

forced to take off all the way from 40

to 750 a hundred in order to make

sales. The outlook is not very bright,

still we look for a little improvement

next week, as the takeoff was pretty

liberal today.



Our receipts of hogs, 94 d. d., were

about like a week ago, but the quality

much poorer and a lower market on

all grades, especially common and pig

stuff. A good many hogs weighing

around 150 to 250 lbs. sold at $8.50

generally, with some common kinds at

$8@8.2_5. Extreme heavies quotable

from $7.75@8; choice yorkers $8.50

generally. Pigs, as to weight and

quality, from $7@7.75, select hogs

weighing around 130 lbs. at latter

price. Trade on anything weighing

less than 140 lbs. was in a demoral-

ized condition and at the close of the

market fully 1,000 pigs going over un-

sold. Would advise buyers to be very

careful on common hogs of all weights.

Roughs sold at $6.25@6.50; stags $5@

6, with the bulk around $5.56. All

good hogs closed steady, but others

extremely dull at opening prices.



With 40 d. 'd. of sheep and lambs

here today, trading was active on

both, with prices 150 lower than the

close of last week on lambs, sheep

firm; most of the choice lambs selling

at $9.10. Look for steady prices last

of week with moderate receipts.



We quote: Lambs $8.90@9.10; cull

to fair $7.50@8.80; yearlings $7@7.25;

bucks $3@5; handy ewes $5.50@5.75;

heavy ewes $5@5.25; wethers $6.25@

6.50; cull sheep $3@4.75; veals, choice

to extra $11.25@11.50; fair to good

$8.50@11; heavy calves $5@8.50.





 





Chicago.

September 13, 1915.





Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Receipts today..19,000 30,000 22,000

Same day 1914..23,580 25,218 23,603

Last week ...... 51,465 95,960 56,002

Same wk 1914..40,474 66,639 120,149



Shipments from here last week

amounted to 9,580 cattle, 28,009 hogs

and 2,912 sheep, comparing with 15,543

cattle, 15,919 hogs and 39,063 sheep

a year ago. Hogs received last week

averaged 238 lbs. '



Cattle receipts today included about

6,000 western rangers. Trade was

late in getting well started, and while

the choicer offerings went at steady

prices, it looked as though others

would go a little lower. Hogs sold at

steady to 50 better prices, the im-

provement being in mixed lots. Infer-

ior to prime hogs brought $6.30@8.25.

Lambs declined sharply, the best sell~

ing around $8.90. .



Cattle prices were unevenly lower

last week except on a few fancy heavy

steers. The depreciation in values

was a surprise to most traders as they

had anticipated a good trade but the

packers claim that the consumptive

demand is unusually small and that

there are selling many carcasses at a

loss. It is predicted that receipts will

diminish because of the sharp price

cuts. Prime steers,’averaging upward

of 1,400 lbs., $10.35; choice heavy ani-

mals $10@10.25; best yearlings $10.25

per cwt; bulk of good to choice lots

$8.40@10; common to fair offerings

$7@'8; good cows $5@5.50; canners

$3.50@3.75; cutters $4@4.40; choice

heifers $6@7; thin do. $5; fancy lots

$7.50@8.25. Butcher bulls sold chiefly

at $5.50@6 while common to good bo-

lognas made $4.50@5.25.





Hog trade shows slight improve-

ment. Shippers were good competi-

tors and took more of the good mixed

and heavy grades than usual while

they all wanted some prime light

stock. A few days ago heavy packers

were selling slowly at $6.25@6.40 and

now they are worth $6.50@6.85 with a

good medium weight mixed class

around $7. Prime lights reached $8.30

the highest price of the year, with

grassy kinds at $7.50@7.85. Pigs gen-

erally sold at $7.50@7.75. When the

week ended heavy packers closed at

$6.30@6.65, heavy shipping kinds at

$6.75@7.75, light bacon at $7.40@8.15,

light shipping at $8.15@8.25 and pigs

at $7@7.50.



Sheep and lambs were lower in mid-

week despite light receipts but pack-

ers were unreasonably bearish until

late days when scant supplies com-

pelled them to support the market.

Consequently price", worked upward

and at the close sheep were strong to

150 higher on the bulk and lambs were

steady to 10c above a week ago. On

Saturday lambs closed at $7@9.10;

best natives $8.75; ewes $3@5.50;

bulk of good to choice ones at $5.25

upward; yearlings $6.25@7: bucks at

$4.50@4.75; wethers $5.75@6.



Commercial horses were in slow de-

mand the past week but there contin—

ued a good call for army classes.

Prices of all grades were not material-

ly changed. French and English buy-

ers were liberal purchasers of sound





.. ,._, ”9.1. .41.”... . ,.... a 1...... w





offerings and country shippers gave

them a good quantity to pick from.





MICHIGAN CROP REPORT.





 





Wheat—Average estimated yield in

the state is 19.50, in the southern

counties 20.24, in the central coun-

ties 20.03, in the northern counties

16.99 and in the upper peninsula 20.53

bushels per acre. The quality as com-

pared with an average per cent is 86

in the state, central and northern

counties, 85 in the southern counties

and 96 in the upper peninsula. The

total number of bushels of wheat re-

ported marketed, by farmers, in Aug-

ust at 51 mills is 66,573 and at 56 ele-

vators and to grain dealers 73,431 or

a total of 140,004 bushels.

amount 112,491 bushels ,were market-

ed in the southern four tiers of coun-

ties, 26,147 in the central counties and

1,366 in the northern counties and up-

per peninsula. The estimated total

number of bushels of wheat marketed

in August is 500,000. Sixty mills, ele-

vators and grain dealers report no

wheat marketed in August.





Oats—The estimated yield in the

state is 37.99, in the southern coun-

ties 40.54, in the central counties

36.02, in the northern counties 33.03

and in the upper peninsula 40.62 bush-

els per acre. The quality as compared

with an average per cent is 89 in the

state, 86 in the southern counties, 91

in the central counties, 93 in the

northern counties and 94 in the upper

peninsula.



Rye.—~The estimated average. yield

in the state is 14.80, in the southern

counties 14.58, in the central counties

14.87, in the northern counties 14.09,

and in the upper peninsula 2155- bush-

els per acre.



Corn—The condition of corn com-

pared wi an average per cent is 70

in the st e and central counties, 75

in the southern counties, 56 in the

northern counties and 62 in the upper

peninsula. The condition one year

ago was 89 in the state, 84 in the

southern counties, 94 in the central

counties, 95 in the northern counties

and 91 in the upper peninsula.





Beans—The probable yield of beans

compared with an average per cent is

69 in the state, 76 in the southern

counties, 67 in the central counties, 56

in the northern counties and 71 in the

upper peninsula. One year ago the

probable yield was 80 in the state, 79

in the southern and northern counties,

81- in the central counties and 95 in

the upper peninsula.



Peas—The estimated average yield

in the state is 18.85, in the southern

counties 15, in the central 17.50, in

the northern 19.62 and in the upper

peninsula 22.33 bushels per acre.



Potatoes—The condition of pota-

toes compared with an average is 78

in the state and central counties, 83

in the southern counties, 67 in the

northern counties and 80 in the upper

peninsula. The condition one year

ago was 89 in the state, 86 in the

southern counties, 88 in the central

counties, 94 in the northern counties

and 100 in the upper peninsula.



Clover Seed—The condition of clo-

ver seed compared with an average

per cent is 75 in the state, 71 in the

southern counties, 78 in the central

counties, 86 in the northern counties

and .91 in the upper peninsula. The

condition one year ago. was 81 in the

state, 74 in the southern counties, 84

in the central counties, 94 in the

northern counties and 104 in the up

per peninsula.



Live Stock.—+Live stock generally

reported healthy and in good condi-

ion.



Crop correspondents, quite generally

complain of the excessive moisture

doing considerable damage to wheat,

oats, rye, corn, beans, potatoes and

hay. Twenty-six of the 27 northern

counties in the lower peninsula report

a heavy frost on August 27 which did

serious damage to corn, beans, buck-

wheat, potatoes, cucumbers and late

peas.





 





CARRIAGE BUILDERS’ CONVEN-

TION.





 





The Carriage Builders’ National As-

sociation, which was organized in

1872, will hold its forty-third annual

convention and exhibition at Cleve-

land, Ohio, September 21-22-23. To

those who have believed that the

“horseless age” was near at hand, it

may be a little surprising to learn

that more than 1,000 builders of bug-

gies and surreys are expected to be in

attendance. Builders of these ve-

hicles, in most parts of the country,

are finding a satisfactory market for

their product. While thousands of ve-

hicles of all descriptions are purchas-

ed annually by town users, yet the

best customers of the manufacturers

of horse-drawn vehicles are found

among the prosperous farmers. There

are 23,000,000 horses in this country,

and, while we have horses, we will

have horse vehicles—buggies, surreys

and wagons. 7





Of this '





..Mm—~}w--—~m ,1





I





I





l

u





I

I
WP“ ,-





-——-—_—}—I_p..m~ M





 





am. 18. 1915.





‘THIS I8 THE FIRST EDITION.





The first edition is sent to those who

have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets. The late market edi-

Eion will be sent on request at any

ime.





 





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





 





Thursday's Market. ‘





September 9, 1915.

Cattle.



Receipts 1923. There was a heavy

supply of live stock on sale at the 10-

cal yards again this week, especially

in the cattle division where the qual-

ity was on the common order, there

being a large number of light stuff

and common cows in the receipts.

which were draggy but the general

market held about steady with the

close last week and the market Thurs-

day held steady. Nothing doing in

stockers and feeders or milch cows

yet. Best heavy steers $8@8.25; best

handy weight butcher steers $7.25@

7.50; mixed steers and heifers $6.50@

7; handy light butchers $6@6.50; light

butchers $5.50@6; best cows $5.50@

6; butcher cows $5@5.25; common

cows $4.25@4.75; canners $3@4; best

heavy bulls $5.50@5.85; bologna bulls

$5@5.25.





Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.

3 cows av 925 at $5; to Parker, W. &

Co. 4 eanners av 850 at $4; to Trum-

bull 2 obulls av 1105 at $5.50, 1 do Wgh

650 at $5, 1 do wgh 730 at $5, 2 do av

735 at $5, 2 do av 1020 at $5.50; to

Breitenbeck 26 butchers av 870 at

$6.60, 1 canner wgh 920 at $4, 1 cow

Wgh 990 at $5.50; to Kamman B. Co.

28 butchers av 827 at $6.75; to Mich.

B. Co. 24 do av 814 at $7, 3 do av

617 at $6.50; to Mason B. Co. 1 bull

wgh 950 at $5.50, 12 butchers av 675

at $6, 2 steers av 1040 a $7.50; to

Trumbull 2 bulls av 660 at $5, 6 do

av 850 at $5.25, 2 do av 1450 at $5.85;

to Sullivan P. Co. 1 do wgh 1370 at

$5.75; to Hammond, S. & Co. 18 steers

av 875 at $7, 4 butchers av 1080 at $6,

6 do av 1010 at $7.50; to Newton B.

Co. 4 do av 1150 at $6; to Parker, W.





, & Co. 3 can‘hers av 810 at $4; to Sul—





livan P. Co. 1 do wgh 950 at $4, 4 do

av 1059 at $5.50, 11 butchers av 807

at $6.40, 14 steers av 1056 at $7.65, 5





f do av 864 at $6.60; to Ratner 5 cows

av 1116 at $5.75; to Grant 29 butchers





, 930 at $4.80;





av 714 at $5; to Thompson Bros. 6

steers av 1100 at $7.85, 8 do av 800 at

$6.50, 3 cows av 980 at $5.60; to Ma—

son B. Co. 7 steers av 780 at $6.50, 13

do av 970 at $7.60; to Sullivan P. Co.

9 do ev 935 at $7.30, 11 cows av 1096

at $5.50.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co.

5 heifers av 530 at $5.50, 6 cows av

to Goodwin 1 do wgh

1200 at $5.75; to,Mason B. Co. 15

:fcers av 935 at $6.65, 2 heifers av





' 765 at $5.75, 1 cow wgh 800 at $4.50;





1.) jitattkowsky 4 butchers av 495 at





‘ $3, 2 cows av 900 at $5.25; to Kam-





1 :m B. Co. 1 bull wgh 990 at $5.50, 1

('o wgh 920 at $5.50, 1 do wgh 1280 at

$5.50, 3 do av 1017 at $5.75; to Sulli-

\....i 1’. Co. 6 steers av 1140 at $7.60,

20 do av 862 at $6.25, 6 do av 666 at

$6.25, 7vdo av 1007 at $7.25, 7 do av

914 at $7.25, 1 cow wgh 1250 at $6; to

Hamrsond, S. & 0'0. 16 steers av 1009

at $7.40; to McNabb 16 do av 1286 at

$7.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 1 cow wgh

1230 at $6; to Merritt 9 butchers av

714 at $6.35, 8 do av 790 at $6.35, 8

do av 840 at $6.35; to Rattkowsky 2

cows av 935 at $5.25, 1 do wgh 870 at

$4.75, 3 do av 940 at $5.75.

Veal Calves.

Receipts 539. The veal calf trade





1 was dull and 50c@$1 lower than last





, hand,





week, due to there being no Jews on

this being their New Years.

Heavy grades were very dull and sold

low. Best brought $11@11.50, with

once in a while an extra fancy one

at $12; mediums $8@10; common and

heavy $5@7.50; the close was dull.



Sandel, S., B. & G. sold Parker, W.

& Co. 15 av 160 at $11; to Lowenstein

6 av 140 at $12; to Sullivan P. Co. 5

av 185 at $11.50, 13 av 170 at $11.50,

3 av 175 at $12, 1 wgh 250 at $10; to

Rattkowsky 2 av 350 at $5.50; to Sul-

llv.“’l 1’. (30. 17 av 150 at $11, 1 wgh

260 at $9, 3 av 200 at $11.50; to Burn-

stire 4 av 140 at $11.50; to Nagle P.

Co. 2 av 190 at $11.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts 6190. The sheep and lamb

trade held about steady from start to

finish. Swift & Co. were heavy buy-

ers and were the means of keeping

prices up. Without them they would

have been much lower. Best lambs

$8.40@8.50; fair do. $7.25@8; light to

common do. $6@7; fair to good sheep

§4Eg5@5; culls and comman $2.50@



.0 .



Roe Com. Co. sold Barlage 26 lambs

av 80 at $8.25, 34 do av 75 at $8.50,

6 sheep av 85 at 4, 34 do av 120 at

$4.50; to Newton . Co. 45 lambs av

80 at $8.25, 44 do av 77 at $8, 4 sheep

av 90 at $5.





Ho 8.



Receipts 5830. 'ghere was nothing

doing in hogs until late in the day;

prospects are steady to so higher, or

pigs $7.95@8.05: heavy $7.50@7.75;

mixed $7.75@8.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





19—251





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





car itself.

world has ever known.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





the latest Mitchell masterpiece.

new method of description.





All predictions for its success have

been surpassed, but by pushing the factory

to its utmost limit—twenty-four hours a day,

seven days a week—we are able to meet the

demand,so that immediatedelivcries are possible.





The reason for this success lies in the

It is the greatest car value the





 

 





ower. Como rt andStrethh





 





 





This is the unique way one owner of THE SIX of ’16 describes

This beautiful, long, luxurious car calls for a





first sight. But it





Why not come in





for a trial spin.





’Racine. “8. U. 8.A.





eauty Silence]





You are impressed with its beauty at





over the country roads, with never the feel

of a bump, that you realize its full value.





Every car delivered creates enthusiasm

that sells another car. Words cannot describe

THE SIX of '16. You must see it——feel the

wheel—get the thrill of its smooth action.





SIX of ’16. A car is here at your dam

Get the personal touch.





Three - Passenger Roadster $ 1 2 5 0





live—Passenger Touring Car

Seven-Passenger Body 5‘26 extra. Demountuhlc Sedan

Top. making nll-ycar-round car. 5165 extra

All prices f. o. b. Racine J _J





“mrslxor '16"

, $1250



Every Carl Sells Another



Mmmm





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





~-.‘-’





is when you are rushing





at once and see THE





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





r.





The Guarantee _ Lime (‘3

Fertilizer Spreader





Write to: low Sooner or later you will

prices and buy this Complete

Catalog 3. Spreader. Why not now!





 





The Guarantee Safpader is the most durable spreader

on the market, Ill spread evenly or sow in rows.

Has the latest improvements. All regulations can be

madejrom seat. Including shit“? clutch that throws

machine in. and out of gear. ully equipped with

acre-mark, indicator, screen. lid. seat. neck-yoke and

double-trees. We pay freight. A spreader that is

sure to please.





Guarantee Inlmclurlng 60., DopI. ms, Ilalllnore. Id.





TR E SAWING MACHINE





For Formor—Lumbormon





Weighs only 50 pouudas Operated by

one man. standing up. Saws low down.

One man can tell more trees than two

men with cross-cut saw. Brand new

invention; astonishes everybody.

Folding. easily carried; saves labor

and backache. Ivory owner of; wood

lot will surely have it. Circular free.

GLOBE MACHINE CO.

6 Bank 131113..





....

‘.-,.





)1“an ‘1 '





Farms and Farm lands 1111111





Broad View Farm

70 Acres, $1300, Easy Terms





Splendid gum, delightfully situated. near one of

the country's greatest unlversltlee where your boy

can finish his education and still live at home: Rood

location. charming yiew: acres smooth. machine-

worked fields. remainser spri metered tale and

w ,_ small orchard; 9-mom cuss. bl: Wm. other

buildings. beautiful maple and chestnut shade trees;

owner cannot care for it: chance of a lifetime at



cosy terms: full particular: 17. “Strout’s

Farm Catalogue 38." write today or your free copy.





FARM AGENCY.





 





GOOD, CHEAP,





FARM ’ PROFITABLE





UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITIES NOW





State Board of Agriculture, Dover, Del.





 





 

 





   





The State for Thrifty Funnel-s. Delightful, healthy

climate. Land, Reasonable 'ces. Close tobig

markets of large cities of the est. Send for free





 





 





H A OUR NEW LOCATION—

623—625 Wabash Bldg., Pittsburgh. Pa.

Daniel McCaffrey’s Son: CO.





Growers. we want your entire

crop. Highest market prices

Write for stencil. THEE. L.





Richmond Co.. Detroit. Mich.





 





 





 





 





FARMERS—We are paying from three to five cents

. above the highest oflloial Detroit Market

quotation for your eggs shipped direct to us by ex-

Writc us for information. It will pay you.





descriptive booklet & mag. \ press.

STATE BUREAU O IMMIGRATION, American Butter 8: Cheese 00.. Detroit, Mich.

Hofiman P "J' ,, Rn“ e. Md.





 





 





 





 





FARMS WANTEn—We have direct buyers. Write



describing property, naming



lowest price. We help buyers locate desirable



property Free. American Investment Association,

10 Palace Bldg, Minneapolis, Minn.



best farm land in Michi-





WHY PAY BEN 1.. .......111.111 ..





acre on easy terms. Write for particulars.

STAFFELD BROTHERS. Owners.

15 Merrill Bldg , Saginaw. West Side. Mich.





OWN A FARM—Never was a better time



I50 see Gladwln 00. Make



date at once for auto tour to my Improved and Un-

impmved farm lands You will never regret It.

U. G. REYNOLDS. Gladwln, Michigan





 





when you can buy the





 





With or without stock,

Farms Wanted 1.1, 1.1111 1.111111111111111.

in Wayne. Macom“. Oakland sndfivingston counties,

Mich. WALTER C. PIPER. 406 Pembscot Bldg. , Detroit.





43) acres. level, block land.

600d Ska Famsl buildings. well watered. at all!

Price Also 230 acres, cheap buildings. woven wins



enced, creek. Cheap. Owner, Lock Box. Hart, Mich.





' ' Very best stock. dairy and

calf“ Malta“ de5. aeneral farming country.

Splendid water. school; roads. markets. Bea] bargain

to diet. Write for list A. Beuham & Trim, Hastings, Mich.





 





 





Farm, For Sale on contract. easy

l '0 Ac re terms. A great bargain. Ask {or

full rtioulue ldlna any size farm on want to





and feeders, also feedin

"E 0‘" SELL SIDcKEns lambs. consign hereto u:

or if you are in the market for feeding stock write

or wire us. HARPSTER COMMISSION COMPANY,

Toledo Union Stock Yards, Toledo. Ohio.





 





gig“. BEANS FOR FEED. 13153533133;





KING—RANDOLPH SEED CO.. Owosso. Mich _





 





Good Velerinary Book





Very often a veterinary book can

save some money. We have been able

to buy 1,000 of Gleason’s Veterinary

Books at 29 cents apiece. Our sub-

scribers can have them at just what

they cost us, but they must be sub-

scribers to the Michigan Farmer, so

we are offering them now for 79

cents with the Michigan Farmer a

year, postage paid. By that, we mean

that there will be no postal charges.

Present subscribers can have the book

for 29 cents. There is a very great

bargain in this. It would cost at





 





 





 





 





E. A. “BOUT

Station 101. University Block. Syracuse. N. Y.





a 7

buy 11 lhton 00. acre stock farm. fenced. Will

sancifioe. H. mm (hat-lotto. mm





least 50 cents more in any other way.





awn-u .





Mo.“ MW“... 1..-...1. .
Costs Less





50-year-old buildings still carry their

original tin-coated metal roofing, the

Edward’s kind. Today you can still

have the same grand old quality

in larger, handier sheets. Easy to

lay. Hard to loosen. Proof against

every weather condition.





Two Famous Features





The exclusive Interlocking Demos and

Tightcote process mean a tight roof and

tight-on roof always! No rough edges.

No exposed nail heads. Each sheet com-

pletely dipped in molten metalguarantees

a durable roof under all conditions.





No Lightning Loss





And there can be no lightning loss.

$10,000 Guarantee Bond insures

against that. .

All styles and sizes. Edwards’ Tin-

Coated Metal Roofing comes in sheets 5

to 10 feet long—24 inches Wide. Goes on

with hammer and nails— then your

roof In on for good!



It will ay you to write for Bargain Catalog No.

967. . ive size of roof for complete directions.

Write today—now—-while prices are still down.





"I! EDWARDS MANUFACTURING 00.





917-981 Leek Street Cincinnati, Ohio





At Our Risk You

Can Prove It.





Don't waste good money on tire pumps that

either break your back. or pum Rubber

Rotting oil particles or gasoline fumes

into your tires.





Take No Chances ,





At our risk you can prove that the

“Deed Easy ' is quicker. safer, easier 1

and cheaper than any other tire pump,

either engine drive or hand power.

Free Trial Offer—Write today,"

NOW, for 15-day—no money-in-

advance—free trial olfer.

GLOBE MANUFACTURING COMPANY,

60 Grant St... Battle Creek. Mich.





BIG FOUR SUCCESSFUL POULTRYJOURNAL the

the Practical Poultry Paper for Practical Poultry

Raisers. devoted to the poultry interests of Michigan.

Ill., Ind.. and is. It should be your 3 er. Bright.

Snappy and Alive. 5001 year. 3. years £1.80. Bend 12c

in stamps for three months trial. Big 4' Successful

Poultry Journal. 445% Plymouth Ot.. Chicago. Ill.





BELGAIN Hares fine pedigree, bucks 4 months 32.50 each,



utility bucks $1.00 each. fine healthy stock. No Does for

sale. Ross Comb White Leghorn Cocksrels 81.00 S. S. linin-

burg Cockcrels$L Riverview Farm. R. 8, Vassar. Mich.





4000 FERRETS FOR SALE





Price list free. C. J. DIMICK. Rochester. Ohio.





FERRETS FOR SALE. Catalogue free.





C. D. MURRAY. R. 2. New London. Ohio.





A

you





 





 

 

 

 

 





“DEAD nAsY”





 





 





 





 





POULTRY.





—for Sept. and Oct. fairs. 500

BAIT“ "Dell cockflfflit yearling hens and pullets for

shows and breeders. W. C. Coifman R. 6. Benton Harbor. Mich.





BA REED ROCKS‘féEi“ 23333 ”§§“i3





season. FRED ASTLING. Constantino. Mic igan





EARNED Mill VIIIIIE HOOK EOGKEHEB—u





Large heavy boned birds. farm raised from rest lay-

ing strains. Prices 3 and . Send stamp or reply.

Riverview Poultry arm. Box 798. Union City. Mich.



lG BARGAIN SALE OF BARRED ROCKS. 200yea.rling hens



that have laid 140 eggs each since Jan. lst. 1915 to Aug.

lat, i015 an average of 20 eggs per hen per month. Pricesfi

hens $10. 12 hens 818, 20 hens $25, 50 liens for 860. They are

pure bred, large and closely related to our first winners at

Chicago, Cincinnati and Indianapolis shows. Suitable males

to go with them at $2 to $5 each. 1500 young birds growing.



G. EARL HOOVER. R.7, Matthews. Indiana.





Bl“! Rucks’ 3 out of 4 firsts Chsicago, 19“. Eggs lml. of





season “.5045: 6-100. S. (I. Buff Leg-

horn eggs 31-15; 35-100. You of 12 Buff Lezhorns 810. 20 Ruff

Bock liens, 75 cents to $2.50. including Chicago and Minne-

a ho first prize winners. Bird Lawn Farm. Lawrence, Mich.





- FEAIIS WHITE LEGHOMS FOR EGGS

Trapnested 15 years. 60 first prizes, 15 b‘ shows.

La e, vi orous. laying. b ceding. exhibitgn stock

'1. up. hipped O. O. D. on approval. Satisfac-

tion or money back. 36 page \free catalog givesjprices

a or it and save mone .





ud particulars. Write f y

FEIIIS lEBIIOBI FARM. 934 Unlon, Grand Ilnldt. "Ichlfll.





"RPIIGIOIS—S. O. W. 12 wks. cooker-cl $1.25. I pen

12 4-mo. ullets. l oookerel 318. Year-

ling hens cheap. M. . Thompson. Redford. Mich.



hatched





' ' ' —8plendld earl

Pmollmlllhlleflrpmglon: 000...... .n Dune...

Belgian hares and Collie puppies. MRS. WILLIS

HOUGH. Pine Crest Farm. Royal Oak. Michigan.





RHODE ISLAND REDS and PLYMOU TH ROCKS.

Males 5 to 12 lbs. according to age 82 to 85;P. R. hens

weight5to 9% lbs.. eggs 15 for 81.00: P. R. eggs $5per100.

Mammoth Bronze Tom Turkeys. 8 to 38 lbs. according

to age 38 to $25. 10 eggs 83. A. E. Cramp ton. Vassar. Mich





llose Comb Brown Leghorn Cockerels

from Mad. Sq. winners 50 ots. up according to age.

CLAUDIA BETTS. Hillsdale, Mlchlfinn.





R O. and S. O. RHODE ISLAND REDS from rize

0 strains. fine layers with long bodies and ric red

color. JENNIE BUELL. Ann Arbor. Michigan.

ILVER :‘Aced Gogden rfind ngtafa Vigvandotte Eggs for hatch-

ing. on can one or or 2.50. I a l t

charges. 0. w. BROWNING, Portland? Miriiigg‘ii.





 





I —-5ch 15, $4.00! 100. M.

Willi! “Million. 552:8 best 3:... $2.00 £515. 83.7%?32

3!. DAVID RAY. Forest Ave., Ypsilanti. Mich.





 





White P. Rocks. Pekin and white runner ducks.

Whiteéuineas. eggs and day old ducks and chicks,



H. V. OSTET ER. St. Johns. Michigan.



mm





DOGS.





lill’ltlllll F08 Hflllllfi‘g. °§“n“&iie§£b‘3§2a"i

W





stamp. W. I. LDC . Helms-ville.“ Ohio.





 





THE MICHIGAN FARME‘R





REEDING for practical utility

should be the purpose of every

farmer regardless of whether



the flock is maintained for the produc-





breeding stock. Breeding along lines

that add commercially to the value of

the flock in no sense involves the for-

mation of new principles and theories,

but the direct and constant applica-

tion of those already understood and

thoroughly approved. No one breed

of fowls possess all of the good and

essential qualities that meet the de-

mands of the markets at a low cost of

:production, yet the fowls that most

nearly meet the general requirements

in both market and cost of production

are found within the breeds that have

been bred for years to conform to a

recognized standard of excellence. It

is a well recognized fact that the type

of hen most needed today is one

which produces uniform eggs and a

superior quality of meat. The smaller

breeds of poultry are not looked upon

as producers of high-grade meat. The

larger breeds grow to excessive

Weight and do not possess the essen-

tial egg producing characteristics. The

intermediate, or general purpose

breeds, more nearly meet the all

around need, coming to laying matu-

rity at an early age and producing a

palatable grade of meat.





The Kind of Bird to Breed.





Essential to success in breeding for

utility is the general appearance of

the individual. This is indicated by

stylish carriage and a symmetrical

form. In mating the birds that are to

be used as breeders one should discard

all that have any serious defects. No

bird with a crow head, long neck or

weak knees should be permitted to

enter into the breeding pens, no mat-

ter how good he or she may be in oth-

er respects. Such defects will be re-

produced in the offspring to a large

extent and will injure both the value

and appearance of the young stock.

The breeding pen is no place for any

bird that has ever had any serious

sickness or disease. To use such birds

will be to invite and foster the very

elements that will work havoc in the

flock in direct proportion to the num-

ber of such birds that are used. The

requisite of good health and strength

of constitution cannot be too strongly

emphasized when selecting birds for

the breeding pen, as it controls the re-

Sults to a very large extent.





Naturally it is desirable to select

females for the breeding pen that are

good layers so as to improve the lay-

ing qualities of the flock generally. It

is impossible, however, to tell exactly





 





which birds are the best layers unless

a trap nest or some device is used

and this is impractical on the average

farm where the laying flock consists

of above 200 hens. Besides, in the

light of present day experiments the

theory that heavy layers transmit that

quality to their daughters in any

marked degree has not been demon-

strated. Hens laying from 150 to 200

eggs a year make better breeders

than those laying considerably over

200 eggs at year. In fact, such author-

ities as Dr. Pearl, of Maine, and oth-

ers, have demonstrated that males

fromhheavy-laying ancestry exert a

greater influence on the egg produc~

ing qualities of the flock than the fe-

male, and there is a physiological rea-

son why this should be so. When a

hen lays an egg she is exercising her

organs of reproduction, and these or-

gans cannot be overworked in any

member of the animal kingdom with-

out developing weakness in the off-

spring. Does it not seem unreason-

able to select the very best layers

from any flock and expect them to

make safe breeders? 'Have they not

produced eggs so far in excess of

their sisters, whom they are like in so





 





tion of market products or the sale of,





Utility in the Farm Flock





many respects, that it would be safe

to assume that they have passed the

danger point in egg production for a

breeder? The fact that these heavy

producers do not produce heavy-lay

ing flocks clearly indicates that they

have been overworked. This, perhaps,

explains the failure of the Maine sta-

tion to develop a strain of hens capa-

ble of producing 200 eggs a year. At

the Maine station the 200 egg layers

in a strain of Barred Plymouth Rocks

that had been laying an average of

120 to 130 eggs at year were selected

and bred; but at the end of seven

years it was found that the average

egg yield of the flocks thus produced

was not materially better than. that of

the original strain.





The Value of the Male Bird.



These results are no argument

against selective breeding, but they

go to Show that poultry breeders, by

making trap nest records a basis of

selection, have made the same mis-

take that breeders of dairy cattle

made in selecting breeding animals

on the strength of the dam being ad-

mitted to the advanced registry on

the basis of her own production rec-

ord alone. It is a. plain, common sense

proposition that the mere fact that a

cow is admitted to the registry tells

one nothing of the future prospects of

her heifer calves as producers. On

the other hand, a bull is eligible to

advanced registry if a certain num-

ber of his daughters have made per-

formance records which entitle them

to entry in the advanced registry. He

is there because he has demonstrated

his ability to perpetuate his high dairy

qualities in his progeny. He has dem-

onstrated his breeding-0n qualities.

The cow has shown nothing except

that she is a good milkei'. She too

often is worthless as a breeder. Do

not" the same laws of heredity apply

with equal force to poultry breeding?

Is not the cock with a large number

of daughters in the 200 egg class of

more value as a breeding-on force

than the one that is kept simply on

the strength of his dam’s egg record?



Only the scientist or the experi-

menter who has the necessary equip-

ment and the time required for experi-

menting can hope to ferret out to a

certainty family lines in egg produc-

tion. The farmer who is interested in

breeding along practical utility lines

will find it possible to develop a flock

of efficient egg producers by selecting

females from appearance alone. Birds

that show superior physical vigor as

manifested by the symmetrical devel-

opment of all parts of the body, bright

glossy plumage, quick, alert actions,

bright eyes, singing and cackling, will

naturally be good layers, healthy and

full of vitality. Such birds when mat-

ed with a vigorous. male from a fam-

ily of heavy-laying qualities Will not

only maintain the health and vigor of

the flock but will invariably increase

an already good egg yield.





The Best Way to Improve Egg-Pro-

ducing Qualities.



The selection of superior males to

improve egg producing qualities in the

flock is the most practical way of ob-

taining results at a moderate cost.

The purchase of settings of eggs in

the spring, from breeders who are

breeding for utility and egg produc-

tion, is a cheap and common way of

buying cockerels. Always buy of

some breeder where the history of

egg production is well known. By se-

lecting some of the best females for

the breeding pens and mating them

with two males from good laying an-

cestry the males will exert a greater

influence in up-building the flock than

the entire flock of females.



Many poultry-keepers have attempt-

ed to produce an ideal flock by cross-

ing the different breeds. No student

of breeding problems need be enlight-

ened upon the result of such practice.





 





SEPT. 18, 1915.





Breeding for uniformity of product

should be the purpose of every poultry

keeper. Men who keep mixed flocks

cannot sell eggs for hatching, cock-

erels for breeding, day-old chicks or

mature breeding stock. The problem

of marketing is greatly simplified

when one keeps a flock of standard-

bred poultry. Any business with a

large outlook can be made more prof-

itable than one’ with few possibilities.

These facts are enough to prove that

pure-bred poultry, bred for practical

utility, can be made far more profit-

able than mongrels.





Improving the Fertility of Eggs.



To get a better percentage of fer-

tility and eggs that will hatch well it

is best to keep the male birds away

from the females during the winter, or

at least for a few weeks before the

breeding pens are made up. This will

give the male birds more vitality and

they will be more attentive to the

hens when they run together. The re-

sult is a greater number of strongly

fertilized eggs. If possible, it is best

to have pens that accommodate about

20 birds; and use two males, allowing

one to run with the flock one day and

the other the next. This avoids con-

tinual fighting which seriously inter-

feres with the proper fertilization of

the eggs. More fertile eggs will re-

sult in this way than when the two

male birds have the run of the same

pen at the same time.



If the breeding stock is thus care-

fully selected the battle is half won;

the other'half is won by keeping the

birds in the pink of condition. The

essentials of good health are clean,

airy and sunny houses; good food.

which includes a regular supply of

green food; and healthful exercise.

Eggs that are. produced under these

favorable conditions should, if prop-

erly handled, hatch vigorous and heal-

thy chicks.





Good Feeding an Essential.



The next essential is good food,

which means a variety of sound,

wholesome grain. No one kind is good

food for fowls, they need a variety of

food to supply the various needs of

the body. A good variety of grain to

feed in the litter twice a day is made

up by mixing a bushel of cracked corn

and a half bushel each of wheat and

heavy cats, to which should be added

five pounds each of buckwheat and

heavy sunflower seed. In addition to

this dry grain one or two hoppers con-

taining a good dry mash mixture

should be where the birds will have

access to it at all times. A regular

supply of green food should be fed

daily, but care must be exercised not

to feed so much as to produce scours.



There is nothing mysterious or spec-

tacular about breeding for utility. One

is not likely to astonish the world

with the story of his results. It is

rather of a workaday proposition, not

a game of chance, but a regular busi-

ness. But it is possible for many

farmers by such methods of breeding,

proper housing and methods of feed-

ing to make net profits of from four

to six hundred dollars a year from

flocks of from two hundred to four

hundred hens, and there are a few

men who are doing it.



New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





 





CULLING PU LLETS.





 





There seems to be a general rule

among the farmers of the country to

dispose of no pullets. The pullet that

does not give promise of laying before

cold weather will rarely lay until

spring, and it certainly is an econom-

ical practice to dispose of all runty,

under-sized pullets, rather than carry

them through the cold weather with-

out profit. ‘



If one would build up a profitable

flock it is essential that the pullets be

culled as closely as the cockerels.

The pullets that grow rapidly and be-

gin to lay early, should be marked

and held as future breeders.



Indiana. '1‘. Z. RICHEY.
SEPT. .18, 1915..



WIWIWWIIIWIHIIIWHWWj



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g range.



EGWIIIWWIIWIIIHIWMIIIIHHI it'll” Ii'IIW = In





THE GRANGE AND CO-OPERA-

TION.





 





”Hill“





 





mm llIi HI,





 





(Continued from last week).



One of the most valuable as Well as

one of the most difficult lessons to

teach, is that of co-operation. No

Grange is making the most of its op-

portunities that does not teach its pa-

trons the value and importance of a

well devised system of co-operation in-

telligently applied. Cooperation is,

briefly stated, a means to secure

wealth and better social standing,

which, under the existing relationship

of capital and labor, is impossible.

“Competition is the life of business,”

is an old and trite saying. Today, this

statement is universally recognized as

false, and has been changed to “Co-

operation is the life of business.” Or-

ganization and cooperation are so

closely related to and dependent upon

education that, in practice, a campaign

of education must produce successful

results in either organization or co-op-

eration. We must first teach the farm-

er the benefit and importance of or-

ganization. When this is done, or-

ganization becomes a potent factor in

extending and broadening the educa-

tional work until finally effective co-

operative action is the national se-

quence.



The three most important factors

then, are education, organization and

co-operation. Economically considered

the three words may be defined as fol-

lows:



Education is that continuous proc-

ess of enlightenment that enables

mankind to know, do and enjoy the

things not before comprehended. Or,

it is a reconstruction of our experi-

ences.



Organization is the assembling of

individuals into a working force where

the whole may operate as one in the

accomplishment of a given purpose.



Co-operation is the working togeth-

er as a unit, of many individuals un-

der a well defined plan for a common

purpose.



Many things can be done quicker,

easier, better and more economically

collectively, through organized effort,

than they can be done singly. In

fact, it is a safe proposition to state

that all civic, social, economic, com-

mercial and educational progess is di-

rectly traceable to organization based

upon education, in the sense of work-

ing together for the common good and

in the reconstruction of an experi-

(21106.



The weak point in agricultural co-

operation is the self—same spirit of sel-

fishness, enhanced in many places by

the independence which large natural

opportunities have in the past bred in

men accustomed to consult the wish

of anyone but themselves. The isola-

tion of the farmer plays an important

part. As a rule he is not a good co-

operator in the home. He does not

consult with his family about the af-

fairs common to their interests, but

acts upon his own judgment. If he

is going to save himself and family

from failure through the disruption of

the home, the farmer, must first of all

learn to co-operate with those of his

own household. His first and most

necessary step toward better living

and toward the retention of his finan-

cial and social independence, must be

to socialize his own business, and to

make his own farm a factory where

the best possible standard of efliciency

shall be maintained. Then, and only

“then, will he be ready to co-operate

eflectively with his neighbors.



Too many farmers are lacking in

confidence, both as to their own abil-

ity and that of their fellows. If any

attempt is made to better his condi-

tion, as that of his neighbor, he at

once becomes suspicious and refuses





 

 

 





T-HE MICHIGAN FARMER





fimlflmmfluumflfllflilflliIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII





5





Address all communications relative

to the organization of new Clubs .to

Mrs. J. S. Brown, Howell, Mich.





 





THE ANNUAL MEETING.



A meeting of the executive com-

mittee of the State Association of

Farmers’ Clubs was held in Lansing,

Thursday, August 26, for the purpose

of outlining the program for the an-

nual meeting or the organization

which will be held on December 7-8.

A good strong program was outlined

and same will be published in this de-

partment as soon as details have been

worked out.



The executive committee desire to

impress upon every local club in the

state the importance of sending del-

egates to the annual meeting this

year. It is not too early to discuss

this matter in the local Clubs and

provide not only for the election of

delegates to this important meeting,

but to discuss as well any matters of

public or Club interest which it may

be desired to have the deleagtes of

the local Clubs present to the annual

meeting next December. This course

will not only assure a more adequate

representation of the Club, but will

as well save time at the meeting of

the Club and make it possible to

crowd more of interest into the pro

grams during the two days’ session of

the State Association.





 





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 





Noxious Weeds.——Mr. and Mrs. Til-

den Tait entertained the Wells-Dayton

Farmers' Club at its September meet-

ing, Wednesday, September 1, and

about 40 members were present. Mrs.

Della Hunt read “Burdick’s Music

Box,” in a way to win applause from

the crowd, and Mrs. A. L. Adams gave

a recitation, “Whistling in Heaven," in

her usual happy style. George Rum-

ble gave a valuable paper on the sub-

ject of growing, selecting and caring

for seed corn and he and S. G. Ross

gave talks on noxious weeds and the

means of exterminating them. They

find that the wild carrot and wild mus-

tard the worst of all they have to

contend with and the hardest to exter-

minate. Miss Nora Wells served an

excellent supper and as Mr. and Mrs.

Tait are “newly-weds” the members,

through S. G. Ross, presented them

with a rocking chair as an evidence in

the interest and good will they have

for them. Mr. and Mrs. Frank Ray-

mon will entertain the Club at the Oc-

tober meeting Wednesday, October 6,

and it will be an all-day meeting.





Business Man and Farmer.——The

East Otisco Farmers’ Club met at the

beautiful home of Mr. and Mrs. Wm.

Leach, Thursday afternoon, Septem-

ber 2. About 30 people were in at-

tendance. Among them were Mr. and

Mrs. E. C. Lloyd and Mr. and Mrs.

Gonsolus of Belding. Mr. Gonsolus

gave a very interesting talk on the

“Relation of the Farmer and the Busi-

ness Man,” after which Mr. Lloyd re~

sponded with several items of inter-

est. A delicious picnic supper was

served, and Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd re

ceived the thanks of the company for

the fine ice cream they brought, which

was enjoyed by all. The next meet-

ing will be an all-day meeting, and

will be held at the pleasant home of





E. C. Lloyd in Belding, on Thursday;





October 7.—Mrs. Mattie B. Anderson,





Cor. Sec.





 





to lend any assistance. He is dis-

trustful, as a rule, of the other fel-

low’s integrity of purpose. American

farmers do not, as a rule, make the

best co-operators; they are slow to

adopt new methods and still slower

in attempting any movement that re-

quires organization or the use of any

money as a working capital. Many

well planned and essentially business

propositions have been wrecked be-

cause of indifference and lack of sup-

port on the part of the farmers. It





will take time and education to get "





them to understand that to stand to-

gether is the only possible way for

them to maintain their social inde-

pendence.





 

 

 





 





21—253





Partners Month





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TH E MI C H I Gil-A’N" FARM E‘R‘





SEPT. 18, 1915.





 





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filllllllllIIllllilillllllllIllll|lIll||lllllllIIllIIllIlllllllllllllIlllIllllllllIIIllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.





 





Sprained Hock—Scirrhus Cord.—

For the past two years my seven-year-

old horse has occasionally showed

some lameness, and I am quite sure

the trouble is in hock joint. After a

rest he starts ofi sound, but soon

shows some lameness. I also have an-

other colt which I castrated that has

a large cord which appears to be con-

nected to scrotum and the bunch is

about as hard as a stone. C. H. .,

Marion, Mich—Clip hair off hook and

apply one part powdered cantharides

and four parts lard three times a

month, and he will perhaps get well.

The scrotal tumor \should be cut out

and the cord considerably shortened,

.then he will get all right. When you

castrated him, you left the cord too

long.



Weak Back—Have a seven-year-old

mare that occasionally finds it difli-

Cult to get up and I am somewhat in-

clined to believe that her back is

weak. She always lays on her right

side and after she gets on foot her

right hind leg is stiff. J. J. S., Lake—

view, Mich—Give your mare 1 dr. of

ground nux vomica, 1 dr. acetate of

potash at a dose in feed night and

morning. Rub her back with alcohol

twice a day.



Sprained Hip.-—VVe have a mule six

years old that is lame in hind leg; I

have examined foot and found it all

right, no fever in any part of leg, but

Working her makes her very lame.

When walking she shows very little

lameness, but when trotted limps a

good deal, and I might mention that

working her has, always made her

worse. G. R., Jackson, Mich—Give

her a rest and apply equal parts tur-

pentine and aqua ammonia to hip and

stifle three or four times a week.



Bloody Milk—We have a cow that

is giving bloody milk, as there is usu-

ally a few little clots in strainer. E.

M. G., Geneva, Ind—Your cow bruises

her udder and perhaps you can figure

out the cause, then remove it and she

will cease giving bloody milk, or per-

haps more careful milking will correct

this trouble. Giving her drugs will

not produce satisfactory results. Cows

sometimes give bloody milk when a

change of feed is made from non-nu-

tritious to nutritious and fed liberally.



Infectious Ophthalmia.——I have a

cow and two calves that are troubled

with sore eyes which I believe is

catching. Our local Vet. has never

seen any similar cases. R. H., Lum,

Mich—Dissolve 40 grs. of borate of

soda, 40 grs. of boracic acid in a 1/4

pt. of clean boiled water to eyes twice

a day; also blow a small quantity of

calomel into eyes every day or two.

Keep them in a dark, clean, well ven-

tilated place and the rest of your cat-

tle should be kept away from them.



Barren Cow—Have a Jersey cow

that has raised two calves; now after

several services she falls to get with

calf. I injected her with a soda solu-

tion, bred her several hours later, but

she failed to get with calf. She has

now been milked for 15 months. R.

D., Lucas, Mich—A certain percentage

of cows are shy breeders and some

cows prove barren. If your cows have

been bred to only one bull, why don’t

you change.



Sprained Leg—I have a sow with a

swollen hind leg, near foot, and it

must pain her for she holds leg up

most of the time. E. N., Lake City,

Mich—Apply one part tincture of ar-

nica, two parts witch hazel and seven

parts alcohol to sore leg three times

a day. Have you examined the foot

to ascertain if there is anything in it?



Chorca._0ne of my four-months-old

pigs began to shake and jerk in mus-

cles, gradually getting worse until

about a week ago; since then he has

not been able to stand, but lies on his

side and shakes. What ails him and

is there a remedy? F. H. K., Milling-

ton, Mich.—-Your pig is incurable and

might as well be destroyed for he will

never recover.



Looseness of Bowels.—My 13-year-

old horse had severe attack of indiges-

tion and pneumonia early last March,





 





 





EDY CO. 453 Fourth Ave. Pittsburgh Pa.





 





 





Michigan Livestock Insurance (in.

capital Stock—$100,000. Surplus—$100,000

Home Office—Saginaw. Michigan.

Only Home Co. in Michigan.





COLON C. LILLIE President.





since which time his bowels have

been very loose and he does not

thrive. I feed him corn and timothy.

hay. C. B., Otsego, Mich—Mix to-





 





 





 





 





ll. J. WELLS, -:- Secretory-Treasurer.





 





 





NOTICE!





Write to the Humane Stanohion Works for literature

for the lat t. improved stanchion.

HUMANE srkmfilon wonxs, Bamboo, Wis





Icntlon Michigan For-or when writing to advertisers





 





 





gether equal parts of ginger, gentian,

charcoal and catechu and give him a

tablespoonful at a dose in feed three





.times a day. Why don’t you turn him





out to grass, instead of feeding him.

corn and timothy.



Mare Disowns Her Colt—I bought

an eight-year-old mare that is heavy

with foal; since I bought her I have

learned that she has had three colts

before, but has never owned any of

them; she appears to be a gentle

mare. M. S., Maple City, MlCh.—-I

know of no remedy for this kind of a

case, other than to'fasten the mare

until she and the colt become recon-





 





ciled to each other. Sometimes by

placing another horse within view. of

mare has the effect of her assuming

protection to colt, but as soon as she

foals, place a twitch on her nose and

force her to let colt suck and keep

someone with her to give the colt at-

tention and she may own it.



Injured Hock.——We have a yearling

colt which, when two months old

jumped from a six-foot gangway and

injured hock, which has left a bunch

on fore' part of hock and the remedies

we have applied fail to reduce it. D.

H. G., Owosso, Mich—Apply one part

iodine and nine parts lard to bunch

once a. week.



Chronic Scours.——My eight-year-old

mare has scoured all summer and

fecal matter which passes from her

has an offensive odor, but her appe-

tite is good. She is losing flesh; our

local Vet. filed her teeth. W. T., Or-

tonville, Mich.——Give your mare 1 dr.

of dried sulphate of iron, 1/2 oz. of

ground ginger and 1/é oz. hyposulphite

of soda at a dose three times a day.

An animal of this kind should not be

driven faster than a walk.



Distemper—Broken Wind—My 12-

year-old horse had distemper early

last spring; since then he has breath‘

ed much like a. horse that has heaves

and when exerited much makes a.

wheezing noise. W'hen he was sick

our local Vet. took care of him. H. A.

T., Nunica, Mich—I am inclined to

believe that most of the trouble may

be in throat and before the wheezing

is remedied a surgical operation will

have to be performed on throat, which

your Vet. can doubtless do. Rubbing

throat with one part tincture iodine,

two parts camphorated oil every day

or two and using an independent bit

and over-check to pull head up and

nose out, will perhaps cause him to

breathe without making a noise. If

you believe he has the heaves, you

can safely give him any of the com-

mercial heave remedies that are regu-

larly advertised in this paper.



Sore Feet—I recently .bought a

horse that had been used on pave-

ment, both fore feet are sore, heels

low and coronet bulging over wall. He

cannot be used unless shod. J. C. H.,

Hamden Highlands, Mc.—Standing

horse in Wet clay for two or three

hours a day and proper shoeing is all

that can be done for him.



Indigestion—~Heaves.——My 16-year-

old horse has frequent attacks of in-





digestion and lately I have thought @8





he showed symptoms of heaves. J.

T., Breckenridge, Mich—Feed your

horse no clover, or musty, dusty, bad-

ly—cured fodder of any kind. Oats

and grass is the best summer feed.

Also give him 1/2 oz. of hyposulphite

of soda and a tablespoonful of Fow-

lers solution at a dose in feed twice

a day.



Cow Gives Bloody Milk—VVe have

a cow that came fresh one week ago

that gives bloody milk from one fore

quarter. M. O. M., Wayne, Mich.-

Your cow bruised udder and if you

will ascertain the cause and remove it

she will soon get well.



Rheumatism.——I have a cow that re-

cently became stiff, hardly able to

move. This soreness all came on her

since she has been turned to pasture.

J. L., Monroe, Mich—Give your cow a

dessertspoonful of powdered nitrate

of potash at a dose in feed once or

twice a day for a few days, then give

2 drs. of sulicylate of soda at a dose

two or three times a day.



Ringworm.——I have a few yearlings

that have sore spots around the eyes

and ears and some on body which I

am inclined to believe is ringworm.

L. K., Park Lake, Mich—Apply tinc—

ture of iodine cautiously about eyes

and sore spots of body three times a

week.



J. F., Coleman, Mich—Your pigs

died as the result of food infection,

giving rise to indigestion which no

doubt affected the nervous system, re-

sulting in death. I do not believe the

spots on skin or liver caused their

death, but am inclined to agree with

your Vet. that they died as the result

of digestive disturbance. A change

of food and water, also avoid feeding

them house swill with soap in it.



Congestion—During the spring and

summer I have lost 150 chicks and

during the past few days I have lost

30 which were less than 20 days old.

These chicks have no diarrhea, but

just give up and die. They act as if

they might die from the effects of

lice, but I have failed to find any on

them. These chicks appear to be dull

and dumpish. Are fed dry feed, meal,

rolled oats, bran, good water and oc-

casionally have a dish of milk. Also

for meat I feed fish and cleanings

from other meat; they also have some

clover and lettuce. Mrs. J. D. C.,

Everett, Mich—I am inclined to be-

lieve your chicks die either from ex-

posure or from lack of a proper food

supply, or perhaps you feed them be-

fore they are two days old, which, if

so, is usually a mistake. I suggest

that you thoroughly clean and dism-

fect your coop, avoid exposmg your

young chicks to cold rain storms or





too much wet. It will do no good to

give them drugs, unless you know

what is causing their death. There

must be some mismanagement on the

part of feeder and caretaker, or you

would not lose so many.



Barren Cows.——I have a cow that

comes in heat regularly, has been bred

several times, but fails to get with

calf. A. S., Lansing, Mich.—~—Dissolve

2'ozs. of bicarbonate soda in three

pints of tepid water and wash out

vagina when she comes in heat, but

don’t breed her for six hours after

you have treated her. After she is

mated stand her in a position with the

fore feet six inches lower than hind

ones, for 12 hours.



Infected udder.—Will you tell me

what is the cause of my cows giving

stringy milk and what can be done to

correct this trouble. These cattle ap-

pear to be well and gave a good qual-

ity of milk up to a short time ago.

The cows are running in pasture and

are fed an occasional feed of clover

hay. Do you consider this kind of

milk fit to use? J. H., Allegan, Mich.

—Give your cows l/é oz. doses of hypo-

sulphite soda night and morning in

their feed. Also change their pasture

and milk them in a clean stable 0r

yard; also, be painstaking in keeping

milking utensils and hands of milker

clean. Cows with infected udder

should be milked last. Throw away

milk taken from diseased quarters.





 





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





Farmers are getting comparatively

low prices for their heavy hogs at the

various markets but those who are

fortunate to have light weights and

pigs are getting profitable prices. The

cause of the discrimination against

heavy hogs is the poor demand for

lard. The war in Europe practically

eliminates Germany from buying Am-

erican lard and it is an admitted fact

that this country takes more of this

product than any other foreign nation.



Pigs are numerous on most farms

but owners are satisfied to hold them

as they are in healthy condition. The

marketing of 60 to 130-lb. pigs is ex-

ceedingly small for this season of the

year even though prices are higher

than any other month this year. Some

of the lightest kinds have been com-

manding $8.25 upward to $8.50 at Chi-

cago recently and even the strong-

weight kinds are worth mainly $7.75





Calves continue to sell on a high

level and at Chicago they are landing

largely at $11.50@12. The run of

calves is not very liberal as many

owners are keeping them back to

make them into cattle as the opportu-

nity to buy young feeding stock is

small. The only way some will be

able to continue in the cattle feeding

business is to hold back their own

calves and those of the beef breed are

seldom marketed even thpugh they

would bring substantial profits as

vealers.



The range sheep men are not mar-

keting any yearling eWes as they want

them for breeding purposes the com—

ing season. Many are buying from

others on the range who are not in a

position to increase their present pro-

duction and corn belt feeders are hav-

ing an unusually hard time getting

western breeding stock at the mar-

kets where it is generally numerous.

The sheep and lamb business is get-

ting down to a state where it almost

means that the corn belt farmer will

have to raise his own stock or aban-

don the idea of raising them.





Prime heavy cattle and yearlings

are selling on a profitable basis and

are $1@1.75 higher than early in April

but the cheaper kinds of steers of all

weights find a narrow outlet. There

is a wide spread at the market be-

tween prices for common grassy na-

tix es and prime dry~fed animals. The

rangers have a bearish influence on

the natives below top grade and pack

ers seem to be better buyers of the

former kinds.



The number of range cattle to be

marketed this season is comparatively

light and the owners of most of those

still back intend to feed them up to

a good standard so that the average

quality of western stock will be better

than most previous seasons. Hay is

plentiful and the pasture was good

because of numerous rains at the time

when they were needed. Range men

have confidence in the market and

are proving it by holding back the

thin stock which usually is quite

abundant by this time of the season.



Minnesota and South Dakota say

that pigs are in larger supply on farms

than ever before and mostly healthy.

Hogs are selling at very much lower

prices than in recent years, and so

are provisions, recent sales of pork

on the Chicago Board of Trade being

made fully $9 per barrel lower than

a year ago. Recent prices for hogs

covered the widest range ever known,

the spread being fully $2, whereas a

year ago it was only $1. Hog pro-





ducts have been selling close to a _





$5.75 basis for hogs.





!





..-'.-.._r_





1""





 





O
-_‘ -m- r.





i

iL





 





SEPT. is, i915. _ _





rum m1

CATTLE.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS





HERD ESTABLISHED IN 1900.

TROJAN-ERICAS and BLACKBIBDS only.

so breeders of Percheron. Hackney and Saddle

Youn bulls and Percheron stallions for

ale. OODC TE STOCK FARM. Icnia. Mich.





ABERDEEN ANGUS





on are in need of an extragood bull or few

Ebola. young cows or heifers. we havethem’ for ale.

Our herd is headed by the Grand Champion Black

Monarch 3rd. We invite you to come to our Farm

and see them. They are bred right and priced rl ht.

U. L. Clark. Hunters Creek. Mich. Sidney Smith. gr.





‘YnsuluEs-One of the foremost dairy breeds The

most eccnomioaimllk oducers. Calves

for sale. White Leghorn cockere s; Duroo Jersey

swine. Michigan School for the Deaf. lllnt.liohignn.





THE VILLAGE FARM,

Grass Lake, Michigan,

GUERNSEY CATTLE.





 





MILO D. CAMPBELL CHAS. J. ANGEVINE





BEACH FARM

GUERNSEYS





Combine the blood of the following great producing

sires a dams :-— 67 A R D. t.



Masher Sequel - - - . . will re

Galexy's Sequel - . - 871A. B. ”,

Glenwood Boy of Haddon % A. B. u



by Rose King - - - 21 A. R. .

Dairymaid of inehurst - - 910 Ibe. I”



"1 Bloom - - ~ .. - $6 '; “

Imp. Itchen Daisy . - ~ ~ 714 ‘

Selma of Pinehurst . - - 762 “ "





Stanford‘s Princess .. . u ..

Bulls for sale only.





A Dairy Show Every Day.

CAMPBELL &. ANDEVIRE, Doldwaier, Mich.





For Sale—Reg. Guernsey Dalila Wfiflfifiifif

JOHN EB LS. R. 10. Holland. Michigan.





 





GUE RN 8 EYSERJFL‘EERREEB

Containin blood of world 'chamwons. _

mens’ OUER SEY FARM. Saginaw. . S.. Mich.





UBBNSEY BULLS FOR SALE. ready for service from A. R.

Dams. if you want the right kind write for price and

breeding. BYERS & BARNES BROS.. Goldwater, "' “'

EGISTERED Young Guernsey Bulls. great grand~

sons of Gov. Ohene. Servicablo age nicely marked.

encepflonsl breeding. Avondale Stock Farm. Wayne, Mich.





"a s‘lE A choice lot of Registered Guernsey





cows. heifers and bullsof Ma 1 Rose breed-

ing. 1!. W. WIGMAN. Lansing. Michigan.





0 U E RN 8 EYS‘zé’mEifiEirgfi'dJ

remnable prices. E. D. JESSOP. Lansing. Mich.

eunmr BULL ran mi 35:33:?“ Meme

end‘ready for service. Eugene Wilcox. it. 4. Hartiord. Mich.





H EREFORDS: 3.1352: 3i: ”iii:





fellows. ALLEN BROS. Paw Paw. Michigan





 





 

 

 





r.\





 

 





 





-,—





 

 

 





Purebred Registered

H O L S T E l N

0 AT T L E





The World‘s Champion of all breeds. The

Holetelu-Friesian cow. Finderne' Pride choline

line has established a new world s reoc for all

br 11 365 consecutive days she produced

as n ounds of milk containing 1,176 pounds of

butterfat. The test was made under the supervi-

sion of the New Jersey Agricultural College

el t on ervisnrs were ample . Near the close

0 the e eventh month Fin erne Pride Johanna

Bug under a strict official test produced in

thirty days 2.437 pounds of milk containing

117 pouuds of butterfat. equal to 1.470 $unds of

butter. Investigate the big ‘Biach-and— lilies.





Band for FREE Illustrated Descriptive Booklets

The Holstein—Preslsn Associsiion of America

F. L. Houghton. Sec’y.. Box 164. Brailleboro. VI.





I





 





 





 





 





Top Notch Holsteins!





Young bulls that will add most desirable qualities to

sie herds or transform grades into near full



bloods in appearance and production. The bull is



fifty cent or over of the herd.



I! RSON FARMS_CO.. Howell. Michigan.





Do You Want A Bull?





Ready For Service.





From I grand daughter of The King of the

mom. Sired by a bull that is more than a f

bother to the Champion Holstein Cow of t

World. and whose dam is a. 30 lb. 6% 5 fat daii hter

cl Pontiac Aggie Korndyke who has more ‘0 lb.

daughters than any other living bull. If you do

write for pedigree. '





EDWIN S. LEWIS, Marshall, Mich.





Espanore Farm,





LANSING, MICHIGAN.





Home of the great Holstein bull ”Pledge Spofiord

0.1a Paul”—sire of a 35-lb. cow and three

om N) lbs. If you are looking for a bull calf of

ibis kind of breeding write for prices and M





CHASE S. OSBORN.

ADAM E. FERGUSON.





I don’t want to sell anything but





RDLSTEIN BULLS





end I have some bull bar sins. Don’t



buy a bull until you know have not



what you want. Come and see .

L. B. CORNELL. Fayette. Obie.





 





l Owners.





T4HE5. MICHIGAN FARMER





Sales Pavillion,

Howell, Michigan





Send for Catalog.





HATCH HERD





YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN





Registered Holstein-Friesian sires. grandson's of

World's greatest dairy sire. out of. choice A. R. O.

dams and Kin Pontiac Jewel Korndyke; Brother of



. P. Pontiac ass 44.15: average record of 50 dams in

his pedigree 31% in 7 days: average per cent of fat

three nearest dams 4 37; of his own dam 4. Sires in

first three generations already have over all A. R. 0.

daughters. A few females bred to "King". Prices

reasonable.





The Two Greatest Bulls





KING OF 'l'lli PONTIACS

DB Kill. Zil’s BUTTER BOY 311]





I have youngabulls from cows having hi oflcial

records and randdaugbtcrs of above bul s. Stock

extra good. Prices





BlGI-IlolI’ "iiifi‘riim riniis,





BREEDIVILLE. HIGH.





[on SALE—REGISTERED HOLSTEIN BULL

born Feb. 23. 1914. Mostlyl white. Dam



has A. B. 0. record. also Ch'ster W ite Pigs.



CHARLES I. COOK, 30:438. Fowlerville. Michigan.





MISTERED liolsteins—Hsrd headed by Albina Bouts Butter

Boy. His darn has A.R.O. records as follows: at 2 yrs. milk

430. but er l8.85; 4 yrs. milk 604.8. hutier 27.03: at 6 yrs. inilk

620. butter 28.55 lbs. W. B. HEADER. Howell. Mich.





BROOKWATER FARM

Caters to Diecriminaiing Buyers.





Read the record of our winnings at the

Michigan State Fair, then decide whether

or not there is a better place to buy

Durocs. W11 not. buy a boar before

they are picke over?





RRDDKWATER FARM, R. 7, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

High Class HOLSTEINSe’éfi’a





is headed by Smiihdslc Alcsrtrs Pontiac. whose dam

is the famous Alcutrn Polkadoi. Have few young bulls

and females for sale at reasonable prices. Will buy

a few heifers about 15 months. not bred. Farm )6 mile

from court house. SETH B. liUBER'I‘. Howell, Mich,





bring right to your town 4 months

$50000 registered Holstein bull. A. R. O.

dam. large record backing. nice individual. Safe

arrival guaranteed. Write for pedi ree



HOBART W. FAY. Mason. ichitsn.





MIDRIDAR HOME ADD lRAiiiiiiD SDHDDL

P R BIG





LA er: inc AN

Breeder of High Grade holetein Cattle. Lists and

prices upon application.





$8 Gets a. 5 mos. old HOLBTEIN BULL GALE.

whose sire is full bio to a former World s

Champion 3 yr. old. Elmer E. Smith. Redford. Mich.





FOR SALE Registered Holstein Bulls





road f r service. and bull calves. also females.

FB EEIAN J. FISHBECK. Howell. Michigan.





0 p I __ i.

Holstein-Frieda: Breeder $2: “”223. £232“;

represented. D. D. AI'I'KEN. Flint. lichigsn.





Holstein Friesian Bull Calves





Re .

§ 3333....





romh 0d ' ms. Ba in

ni’é‘v'ilii’h. ‘F’i‘r 6N. Hula.





Only $30.00 Delivered. 33?? 5%.





M white. six wks. old. thoroughbred! ballot t. i ible

I an. U





to registry. ROUGEMONT h





HOLSTBINS AND GUERNSEYS





Our llolsteins combine the blood of Belle Iorndye

and Bake] 2nd. Our Guernseys are strong in Lady

(lempsey. Glenwood Boy of Haddon. and Stranford‘s

Glenwood of Pinehurst blood. Some fine bull calves of

both breeds Ior sale. dines! Ferns. Jackson, Mich.





REGISTERED HDLSTEIII Bill .2333 $333.33:





Send for description. W. C. TAYLOR. Milan. Mich.





HOLsTm (31le and Dome Jersey swine.

Choice pigs of both sex now ready t ) ehi . Prices

reasonable. . R. CORNELL, Howell. ichigan.





$600 Buys ten high grade richly bred Ho].

stein Friesian heifers. Some fresh

soon. B. B. REAVEY. Akron. )Iiebinn.





Maple Lane Register of Merit Jersey Herd. Tube -

culin tested by U. 8. overnment. For selebu l

calves and heifer v R of M. dams and

grand dams and arm Sire.





luvs! rox. Allegen. ”whim.

HE WILDWOOD szrs‘e‘y Herd. Beg‘stered Jersey

W. of Qality. or headed by Maj y‘s Won-

der , one the best sons of Royal is set). The

daughters of Mniesty's Wonder are mated to a son of

Majesty's Oxford King. Herd tuberculin tested. We

have for sale a few choice youns bulls for fall service

from high producing cows. Alvin Balden. Capac. Mich.





Lillie Farmstead Jersey Cattle. Bull calves from R

of M. Cows. also heifer calves and several bred

Colon C. Lillie. Coopersville. Mich'





 





heifers for sale.

Jagsefis. finalized)! for service. all)? uglity sired

y 300 B anon. 1' II

nrmlncifl dame. Jfl'fil & Plgkgfilghwe‘llJflcfi

FOR SAL EM we My 2;."

v rpm 1

of Merit sass-tn. swan X's a wh'fl -

MAN. Meadowland Farm. Ann Arbor. Mich.

Jersey Bulls for Sale izzé'rn’i‘d‘gszf’izziififfii‘i:it:

semi-official test. 0. B. Wehner. R. 6. Allegan. Mich

I I b

Milking Shorihorn831a“s’i2§f‘i%§iv‘$

DAVIDSON & HALL. Tecumseh. Michigan.





Shortliorn Callie oi bore Sex roi- sire

w. w. arm. low

M” F" 3* °" “mm 00 music from





 





LAID. W... s





 

 





 





THE OCTOBER SALE





120 . Registered Holsteins - 120

THURSDAY, oeronrn i4, l9l5





Choice individuals of the best of breeding. Many cows with A. R. 0. records and

daughters of A. R. O. cows well along in calf to bulls combinin the best producing

strains of the breed. An opportunity to select foundation stoc at your own price.





- Ninth Public Sale





The Michigan Breeders Consignment Sale 60.,

H. W. NORTON JR., Mgr., Howell, Mich. ‘

Michigan-bred Holsteins are Freest from Disease.





 





Bl DWELL SHORTI'IORNS





For "Beef and Milk"





‘6“. , Registered Bulls. Cows

’h.’ and heifers. Scotch.

topped roans. and reds

for sale. Farm at

N. Y. Central De 0t.

also D. T. & I. 'y.

BIDWELI. STOCK PARK

Box B. Tecumseh. Mich.





 





Albion Stamp 302670





 





:hflh —Dsiry or beef bred. Breeding stock all

on: ages for sale at farmers prices. C. W. 0mm.

Secy. Cant. Slick. Sher-thorn Brecders' Assn. McBride. Mich.





of best Bates Strains. Youn

n1"! If“ SM”, bulls 7 months old for sale?

Price two each. J. I. HUMMEL. Meson. Mich.





 





 





H005.





 





-===...

- I —Grand bunch of Gill-0

Durocs & Victorias gagged A ....





he b cod

of Super-bis. Defender. M 001.. rions and others.





uch

A few young boars. M. T. STORY. Lowell. Mich.





 





FOR SALE—Berkshire hogs. both sexes and difisrent ages.

Bred gilts for fall farrowing. Poll Angus Bull Calf. not rug-

istered. Price right. Chase's Stock Farm. II. I. liar-lotto. Mich.





Two fall gilts bred for An . £80 t.

Berksnires. farrowing and a choice lot‘of Angil

grits for sale. A. A. PATTULLO. Deckerviile. Mich.





BERKSHIREs—Some choice brood sows and spring

pigs. either sex. ii lso one stock hour for

sale cheap. I. M. LEWIS it SON. Akron. Mich.





“8 Oh i '



BER “Rm £1428? $1,235.. Rimleshanfqargiidl‘:

stock. ELMHUBS STOCK FARM. Almont. Mich.

Rsysiion Bred Berkshires—ifs‘éficpfiiiei‘iyizt‘ivigi‘i





weeks a s with re apers. Write for pedigree and

prices. . F. VAL%%§E. Supt.. Temperance. Mich.





F O R S A L E‘Ei’lflhis’ffia Sigfiifil‘h





right. Priced right. W. N. LISTER. Ypsilanti, ich.





For Sale bur-0c Jerseys Bred Gills





for Sept. furrow. Carey U. Edmonds. Hastings. lion.





 





 





 





 





 





—March pigs either sex. also am book-

numc 13"39’ ing orders for fall igs for Nov. ship-





ment. Inspection invited..lii. D. Heyde rk.Waylaud,Mich.





 





HAMPSHIRE Swine—Breedin stock of all ages

from most ular strains. arite for breedin .

Inspection invl . l‘loyd Myers. 3. 9. Decatur. Ind.





WEST WINDS HAMPSHIRE SWINE. Booking orders

for sow pigs immediate shipment. No males to ofler

E. P. Hammond. own-r. N. A. Wiser. manager. Pontiac. llch





 





 





VVOULD like to hear from those desiring to start

a herd of thYEnghth Chester's. Prices a’trao-





tive. F. W. ANDER. Vassar. Michigan.





Biz Type, 0.i.(:’s and Chester While Swine.





400 fall igs either sex. facial prices for the next

30 days. so bred gills an service males and we are

book ng orders for spring Sig . all our stock is good

enough that I will shig . D. and reg. free in the

3; i1°f.3."°."‘3’ “I: m” “l“. ze'°“'.?°1’ii ""32



an a e roe on in ego or. .. an

Wis. State Fairs. Write fgr Show record.





ROLLING VIEW STOCK FARM

Cass City, - Michigan.





0 | c -Gi_lts bred for Aug. and Sept. farrow.

s s I Will take orders for March and April

pigs. E. W. MANN. Densvlne. Michigan.





0. l. C. 8W]NE"".{:.“ $2.“:





engastbgm‘sow {o farrow the iltm o frag. or fore

a o e . y u are, wr ,

p A. J. c’bsnsh. a No. 2 0:3? did-lab.“





I~8lsst {all ltebredtofrrowlstof .



g. l. D . and i3 Soup? £1? firebztl'iy 2002i.) alSOAlggt

pring pi e an o s n a . in e i

done. o'r'ro n. so [1LG Nashville. ”93%.

Pairs not





0. I. D. Pigs. 8 io 10 Weeks Did 810. .k... 3...





Registered free. C. J. Thompson. Rockford, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





a ' 0 Choice Gilts bred for Sept. farrow.

e e O Servmsble boars. Springpi snotakin.

ALVIN V. HATT. Grass Lake. Michigan





 





O 0

SUN WEIGHED 952 L88.

A 23 MONTHS 9 D





t

iouiA GIRL





I have started more breeders on the road to one

case thananylman living. I havethelargst and flu-

cst herd in t e U. 8. Every one an early developer.

ready for the market at six months old. I want to

£133“ one hog in each community to advertise my



rd.!ritefor my plan.“How to Make Money from

Bogs. 0. 8. “AMI".I.NQ.IO Perils-d. Mich.





he





 





   

   

   

   

   





 

 





 





DUROC JERSEYS—h” W





sprinfipigs

either sex. from choice strains. S.C.STABL AN.

CHERRY LAWN FARM. rhepherd. Michigan.





6 large brood sows in pig and Herd Boar

mm his.” all full blood at the right rice.

C. A. HUFF. R. 1. Mention, Mich In.





IG TYPE P. 0. Either sex. pairs or tries not skin.

Bred sows and gilts Have several 1000 lb. boar pro-

spects. Absolutely no larger breeding. lveryrhing

guaranteed right. FRANK K ROGER. RavennaJIich.





POLAND CHINA Spring Pigs from heaV; boned

prolific stock. Bows bred for Summer and all pigs

at close prices. ROBERT NEVIS. Pierson. Michlnn.





 





Poland Chi ss. either sex. all ages. Somethinggood

at a low price. Biir§hln8 in boars ready for ser-

vice. P. D. ONG. R. . D. 8. Grand Rapids. Mich.





f b' . Bo

POLAND CHINAS rgadgllgr sdgvi‘h’e‘EeSows bigot;

for spring farrow. A. A. Wood ii; Son. Saline. Mich.

Liner rm 9. cries?"subclasses. is:

bred gilts. W. J. HAGELSBAW. Augusta. Mich.





in Bend Poland Dhinas. isg'rghszercwrii’;

BERT MARTIN. B. F. D. No. 7. Hastings. Mich.





‘ two extra good Summer Yearling

l“. Slum P. c. Bears: a few choice sows bred for

Aug. a Sept. furrow. Spring pigq that are beauties.

sired by Big Defender the boar that everybody goes Wilden.

Come and see him. 110. SWAll'l‘Z, Schoolcraft. Mich.





BIG TYPE POLAND CHINAS. Some choice boars

now ready to ship“. Satisfaction guaranteed.

0 W. BOLTON. R. o. 11





 





. Kalamazoo. Michigan.





 





Big 'ii‘ype Poland China Hogs.





We show a.; Marshall then at Detroit. Call at the

pens. 'at uainted and see our stock.

BEAN CRE K ARM. ADDISON. MICHIGAN





Spring Pig's at Half Pricezrnnd from





. _ the largest

strain of Poland Chinas on earth. none bi ger. If

yoiieverexpect to own a registered Poian China,

this is your opportunity. Get busy and order at once.

Pairs and tries not akin 815 each. A few bred sows at

$25. J. (l. BUTLER. Portland. Mich. Bell Phone.





 





LARGE Type F. C. Herd Boar Hoosier Giant 2nd 28801). Ply

' sired by him. One Big Smooth Jumbo Boar. Bred sows. prices

right. MRS. J. E. BRAI'I'HWAITE, Brant, Mich.





For Sale Poland China: °’ 3‘93""

Ayreshire Bull. B. M. WING & SUN. Sheridan. Mich.





 





 





BIG type Poland China's with quality bred right.

feed right. and priced right to go to their new





homes amide right. A. I). GREGORY. Ionia. Midi.





REGISTERED YURKSHIRES





Imported Strain. Both sexes. Prices Reasonable.





 





 





Hatch Herd, Ypsilanti, Michigan.

so ronKsmnisrsllzfisj‘gthis? L222: we





Books. I. s. Ducks. E. s. c lili. Homer. Mich:





 





 





Large Yorkshrres S;;,“.:;g:§ .235

October farrow. Servicable boars. Pigs a l . Prices

reasonable. W. C. Cook. Route 42. Adafimchigsn.





 





illis Farmstead Yorkshires. Bears ready for service.

L Gilts bred for Sept. furrow. Spring pigs. airs and





tries. not akin. Colon 0. Lillie. Coopersvll . Mich.





.-Weaniing pigs. airs not at B

Hillel.“ "023- sows and gilts or fall farlt'g'w, {3:

rervioe boars. C. I. BACON. R. 3. Britten. Mich.





IDLE FRDI RODS REGISTERED 331%”; ”35 b3:





right. LONG BEACH FARM. Augusta. men.

‘3

HORSES





FOR SALE-ailegisteflad Percheron Stalli is Ms s

an Fillies at reasonable cos. {9-

speotion invited. E. L. KING & SON. CharlaueJfidg.





 





 





 





 





   

 





Flgeon Pon Farmflfigl 3112:1311? Kama». mostly 4

' at

I. lie. '1‘ “DO 9 B a mu I ham





stock for so Dr.

Registered Percheron:

Brood mares. Fillies and Young Stallion... PM





to 09 . Ins o'ti ‘ 'it .1.

L. c. HUNT si (10.. he? ii‘ipiiis. Misti”.





EG. PERCEERONS FOR SALE. S is! rises

R for 30 days on 17 mares and 2 stallions??leolps and

greys all ages. Come and look them over.



J. M. HICKS it SONS. H. No. 2. St. Johns. liohigan.





. Morrison, Pigeon.





 





 





 





0. I. C. GILT Bllill SPRING PIGS

ready to ship. I. J. FEILIY. Holt. ”Minn.

o I cls‘flred sows, bred ilts. s ring igs



' 'A. n. emailing? $333'Miciiibid'.” fi’"





Os '. cl.. mggfiteggdkingars 5 months old.

RUBT. BLOW. Route 2. Dryden. Michigan.





REGlnSiTEllED‘O. l.» C. BOARS 8 GILTS

item “Jim.'ii‘3233?‘§ii’éi?es'



Way Droihers Siock Farm. The hm“ ' ”‘8 "‘8



for sole. Wins. J. 1%? 3.] l’éifigll: 1%fo



FOR SAL —l7'sncy bred gilts. fall males. spring pigs.



JOHN msrcoifr.."‘§:‘5€i3h'lfi’°”l 'Z'I‘D‘ny Elli. ‘i‘uifih‘;



C iolHox-d Duroc Jersev Swine. Established 1988





pring pigs for sale. satisfaction guaranteed. Ex-

press prepaid. .I. H. Banghart. East Lansing. Mich,





 





 





 





 





 





DUROC JERSEYS—Spring pigs either sex. Gilts bred for

Sept. farrow to a son of Volunteer Grand Champion at

Interns 1 Stock Show Chicago. F. J. Drodt, R. 1. Monroe. Mich.





”uric Um B ' 8990"" prices on some

..,. iv. a! #5....“ M'm'" 1°





emcee were





Perehmns, Holsieins. An us, Shropshim, lures:

I’ORR D. BUELL. lmlra. Mlchlfllm





w





Ditch lop Deiaine Shee X““““‘ '3‘" ’°’ 9“”

' . t d

Fred E. Reichert. Elm Ridge Fifl'hsifArgn Egg. Mulls! 2





 





 





 





 





i

I





Dxiord om Sheep. Sammie . seer .7





M. F. GANSSLEY. Lennon. Michilflll.





SHROPESHIRE RAMS





Good big follows with quality. Special pri





on... $82M





 





See our exhibit at Columbus 3.





OPE ICON FARM. Kinderhook. Mi -





Fee siLr sggorsmnr RAMS teaming." ..





toes. M. A. AY, Okemos. :Ingham (10.,





Shropshire: Ewes and Ram Lambs Air “is.

DAN BOOHER. Marlon. Mlchiflfl'





Dig Robusi Weei-liuiion Shropshire In





8

Priced right and satisfaction guar ntee or easy

back. Write tods. for Special rice .

A. H. FOSTER. Alleran.





w ' . 3 y ar-old stock ram. Ware”





 





YW-





   

 





 





'. iii. .

IPA! dilemma-gum





?“
RV Imam

none“! or





 





 





Sleeve Valve Motor





HIS announces the greatest

achievement in the history of

the automobile business.





The Knight is the automobile

motor that revolutionized the entire

motor car industry of Europe.





The Daimler of England, the

Panhard of France, the Mercedes of

Germany, the Minerva of Belgium—~

in fact, practically all of the costly

European cars—are equipped with

the famous Knight type motor.





This motor differs from other

motors in that Where others dete-

riOrate with use, this improves; to all

others carbon is harmful; here it is

beneficial; size for size, it has more

power.





5 Passenger Touring Car





$1095





Roadster—$106k]. o (7. Toledo





 





The World’s Lowest Priced

Knight Motored Car





It has no noisy poppet valves;

no noisy cams; no uncertain valve

springs; no troublesome valves to

grind; practically no wearing parts.





Instead it has silent sliding

sleeve valves.





The Willys-Knight has the same

advantages and is just as efficient as

those costly European Knight cars.





The Willys—Knight, in our

opinion, has the least vibration and

is the smoothest, quietest and most

economical car made.





Have your demonstration at once.





Deliveries now.





Specifications:





Monopower Knight ty motor: 34" x 4” tires: pon-akids rear Control buttons on steering cola-

c linden cast enbloc. 4 " boron Demonntable runs; one extra Headlight dimer;

4 ” stroke Color: Royal blue_with ivo atriping‘ One-man mohair top



High tension magneto ignition my. wheels; nickel an 90 ' «l Rain-vision ventilating type



1 14-inch wheelbase alummum trimmings windghield



Full-floating rear axle Vacuum tank. gasoline system Magnetic speedometer



Underduns rear spring. Electric starting and lighting system





Catalogue on request. Please address Dept. 443.





The Willys-Overland Company, Toledo, Ohio





Also manufacturers of the famous Overland Automobiles

f‘Made in U. S. A."





 





 





 





_.