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LISHED 1843.





 

 





The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





VOL. CXLV. No. 26

Whole Number 3868





DETROIT, MICH, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1915





50 CENTS A YEAR.

52 FOR 5 YEARS.





 





Building Up the Rented Farm





NE of the most important fac-



tors connected with the better-



ment of country life, is that of

working out a profitable system of

farm tenantry that provides for the

maintenance as well as the improve-

ment of soil fertility. Such a system

should provide for the welfare of the

tenant, give him all the opportunities

and privileges calculated to inspire

his best endeavors and insure him a

fair reward. Experience has proved

that as farms have been raised to a

higher basis of profits the tenants

have prospered. _



It takes two men to develop a better

system of farm tenantry—the land-

owner and the tenant. The part each

plays and his interest in the undertak-

ing should be clearly understood; their

interests are identical. The landown-

er who takes no interest in the man-

agement of his farm, aside from col-

lecting the rent and paying the taxes,

will never be able to deve10p a perma-

nently profitable system of farm ten-

antry. In the first place he must un-

derstand the principles of construc-

tive farming and put the farm in con-

dition so that these principles may be

put into successful operation. The

size of the farm, the proportion of cul-

'tivated land to meadows and pastures,

the buildings and conveniences, and

the size of the fields should be con-

sidered in adopting a profitable sys-

tem 0f farming. After such a system

has-once been established a form of

lease should be drawn that will pro-

vide for its permanent adoption. Ten-

ants under the usual form of farm

leases have little if any interest in

common with the land-owner. To rob

the-farm and get away with big crops

is their paramount object. They do

not seek permanence because they are

nomadic in their habits, and the

terms of most farm leases make it im-





possible for them to realize any of the

larger rewards which a sound tenant

system guarantees to the right kind

of men.



Permanence a Factor.



The tenant should take an active in-

terest in developing a system of farm-

ing which will pay fair profits and

leave the farm in as good condition

as it was at the beginning of the lease.

This, of course, will necessitate a long

lease, or better still, an assurance that

he may stay on the farm so long as

he makes the most of his opportuni-

ties and measures up to the reason-

able requirements imposed by the land

owner who is anxious to hold hisfarm

up to a high level of production. Men

who desire a home where they can

make money and provide for their

families, will find that a sound system

of tenantry, in which the owner is

equally anxious to have them stay,

offers such an opportunity. What is

best for the tenant is best for the

land-owner. This is the basic princi-

ple upon which the ideal farm lease

is founded.



The Size of the Business.



In many cases the land-owner can

make his farm a better renting propo-

sition by buying more land. For ex-

ample, the writer, having more or less

business aside from the general farm

and dairy work, kept about 36 cows

on 80 acres of land. This necessitated

the keeping of two men and five work

horses, and since the whole of the

land was devoted to corn, small grain

and hay, there was no further work

for the men and teams after the crops

and cows were cared for. The system

worked very well because the men

and teams could be used on the other

farm when not needed on the home

farm. But with the tenant it was an

entirely different proposition. The les-

son was plain, and after listening to





a





the tenant’s side of the case, the writ-

er lost no time in buying an adjoining

56 acres. Now, with the 136 acres the

tenants raise from 20 to 25 acres of

potatoes Without hiring much addition-

al labor, and the labor charges and

team work formerly paid by the dairy

end of the business have been reduc-

ed more than 30 per cent. Under this

system of dairying and potato grow-

ing the tenant works his men and

teams about 150 days on the farm dur-

ing the year. There are several

months of idle time at best, however,

we have met this problem by buying

jointly four good brood mares and

raising two or three colts each winter.

By keeping one extra horse and grow-

ing a few acres of wheat the four

mares and one pair of geldings do all

of the farm work. Conversation with

the tenant in regard to these points

keeps us both thinking and when you

get two men thinking about the same

problems and working in harmony, the

business is sure to go ahead. On the

other hand, many farms are too large

to rent to the best advantage. The

tenant who has sufficient stock, equip-

ment and capital to handle a large

farm is pretty sure to invest in a

smaller farm of his own. From the

mass of data available it is evident

that the farm requiring one or two

hired hands offers a better chance to

the tenant than any other size.

Improvements.



Another important thing is to ar-

range the fields, fences and buildings

so as to avoid lost motion and unnec-

essary hauling or charges for mainte-

nance. A very important item in the

location of fences is to follow the mar-

gins of soil types, so that all the field

can be worked at one time. It is also

important to have the fields large

enough. Fences are a great item of

expense. Simple and handy buildings





..rcouswv;eorgl_..

.EDBY 'QSCEZOLA COU





. NA'L‘. {AND 31?





should be the rule on rented farms.

The tenant does not want to pay any-

thing except rent of land; he does

not want to pay rent for fences or

fine buildings. Good comfortable build-

ings in which every dollar invested

adds to the efficiency of the farm as a.

renting, or money~making proposition,

should be the rule. It is best to plan

the barns and outbuildings so that

they may easily be used for various

purposes. The constant shifting of

tenants brings up many new problems

which can be more easily worked out

if the buildings can be satisfactorily

and cheaply converted to meet the

needs of the incoming tenant.



The problem of investing in tile

drains on rented farms depends in a

large measure on the value of the land

and the class of tenants one has to

deal with. If the land is worth $100

per acre and the owner retains con-

trol of the farm and is careful in his

choice of tenants, tile drainage should

pay nearly as high returns on the

rented farm as elsewhere. In many

cases draining a few acres of wet land

and filling in ditches will save sufficient

fence material and cost of mainte-

nance to make the investment a pay-

ing one, or at least, pay a considerable

portion of the cost of the system. But

if the farm is rented for cash rent

and the tenant is not compelled to fol-

low any definite system of farming,

the land-owner will find it difficult to

realize any profit on the additional in-

vestment.



Before deciding the problem of get-

ting a farm in condition to bring in

satisfactory returns under a system of

tenant farming, one should make a

careful study of the farm and its adap-

tability to certain crops and animals,

and work out a system of crop grow-

ing and stock feeding that will in a



(Continued on page 579).





 





.- ~-. .
578—2 ,

The Michigan Farmer





NM 1843. CWIMM 1915.

The Lawrence Pubhshing Co.

Editors and Proprietors.



2:51?“ W W

NEW YORK OFFICE—41 Park low.

CHICAGO ones—cot Munich





I m.

CLEVELAND OFFICE-10114015 Onion Ave.. N. I.

PHILADELPHIA OFFICE—‘26l-26! South Third St.





3900“





 





 





 





 





m, ]. uwngncn......... ..... ................."unproducm

M. L. LAWRENCK. .................. .u ........ ch-midcnt

E. H. HOUGHTON.....................«.«.........3¢.-']Tcu.

l. I. WATERBUIIYH................u............



BUIT WBRMUTHu.-...u......................... Anodfle

FRANK A. WILKBN ...................... t ..... w m

ALTA LAWSON “WILL-u»... ......... . .....



E. H. BOUGHWN .......................... 9“.an “In!



TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:



One year, 52 lanes .......................................... 50 cents

Two years, )0. bones ...................................... l (I)





Three years. 156 inm.......................................31_2$

Five years, 260 issues ........................................... 2.00

All sent pootpald.



Canadia- nhcriptious 50¢ a year extra for postage.





 





RATES OF ADVERTISING:



40 cents per line agate ty measurement. or 85.60 per

Inch U4 ante lines per inch per i No adv‘t In

sorted for leu than 81.20 sch insertion. No objection

able advertisements inserted at any price.





Mun Standard Form Pa Association andAudit

Bureau of ' uIation.





hard as sound class matter at the Detroit. Michigan.





 





 





 





wwmzi 1,215,-__





 





A FEW LEADING ARTICLES OF

THE WEEK.





 





Building up the Rented Farm. A

practical discussion of the essen-

tial factors in developing a sys—

tem of profitable farm tenantry..577



Keeping the Hired Man. An argu-

ment for a home life as an in-

centive toward permanency of

farm employment ............... 579



How I Made my Crop. A descrip-

tion of his work by the champion

boy potato grower of the state. .579



Ration: for Winter Dairying. Judi-

cious feeding of the individual

cows spells profit for the dairy

herd ........................... 581



Developing the Gilta. Why reason-

able maturity is desirable before

breeding ....................... 582



Economy of Liberal Feeding. Prac»

tical hints which will aid in mak-

ing the poultry flock profitable. .583



Producers Educate the Nation. A

cooperative enterprise in which

distributors as well as producers

and consumers are considered. .592





FIGURE IT FOR YOURSELF.





 





A semi—monthly to be as cheap as

the Michigan Farmer would have to

sell for 25 cents a year; a monthly to

be as, cheap would have to sell for

12%c a year.



A monthly at five years for $1 gives

you 60 issues at a cost of 1%c each

issue. A weekly at three years for

51 gives 156 issues at a cost of §§c an

issue.



The Michigan Farmer at three years

for $1 is less than half the price of a

monthly at five years for $1. In other

words, a monthly to be as cheap as

the Michigan Farmer at threé years

for $1 would have to be sent 13 years

for $1. Where is the practical farmer

who can do without at least a weekly

farm paper and get satisfction? He

does not exist. Reason it out yourself.





CURRENT COMMENT.

This issue will

reach the major-

ity of our readers

during some stage of the celebration

of the Christmas holiday. The scene

upon which it will break is a pleasant

one to contemplate. Personal disap-

pointments will have been forgotten

in thinking of the happiess of others;

personal differences will have been

overlooked and peace and good—will

will radiate throughout the home ctr-

cle. The universal admission of the

Christmas spirit to heart and home

will bring a degree of good cheer to

the family hearth which is not equal-

led at any other season



Such a celebration of the Christmas

holiday is indeed a fitting preparation





Holiday Greetings.





 





. r’H El "M *1 c Hilfi’b'ihiw CF MR M Em





for the New Year to come, when we

shall begin anew to build upon the

success of the past, aided as well by

the mistakes and failures which we

have made, to the end that the com-

ing year may bear fruit of the happi-

ness which is the appropriate wish of

the season.



In expressing the hope that as a

weekly visitor in the home during the

past year the Michigan Farmer may

have added something to the cheer of

the Christmas celebration upon which

this issue may break, and that in the

similar visits during the year to come

it may add something each week to

the happiness and comfort of every

member of the household, we wish ev-

ery member of the great Michigan

Farmer family a Very Merry Christ-

mas and a Happy and Prosperous New

Year.





Of the educational in-

Junlor Object fluences which have

Lessons. made for better form-

ing during recent

years, probably none have been so pot-

cut a factor in agricultural advance-

ment as the object lessons resulting

from the application of the best prac-

tical and scientific methods by the

progressive farmers of any neighbor-

hood. ‘ In this way a practical applica.

tion of science to agriculture has been

brought about almost without the

knowledge of those who have been in-

fluenced in that direction.



Silos are rapidly becoming standard

equipment on every farm, not wholly

because the value of the silo has been

demonstrated by our experiment sta~

tions, but because it has been found

economical in use upon the farms of

the progressive farmers who first in-

troduced the silo as a result of such

demonstration, and whose practice has

been emulated by their neighbors. Al-

falfa is becoming a common forage

crop upon the farms in many sections

of the state, not as a direct result of

the educational propaganda to that

end, but because it is being success-

fully grown in hundreds of communi-

ties in the state by those who perse-

vered in investigation and experiment

until the problem of its success under

local conditions had been satisfactor-

ily solved.



The introduction of boy and girl

club work in the state has brought to

many rural communities a new class

of object lessons in the success of the

younger generation of farmers in

whatever form project may be made

the feature of club work. On the first

page of this issue appears a out show-

ing the club boys of Osceola county

upon their arrival at the potato meet-

ing at Grand Rapids. On page 579

will be found the paper which the

champion potato grower of this club

read at that meeting. An analysis of

this boy’s success is practically an

analysis of the phenomenal success

which has rewarded the efforts of

many of these junior farmers in club

projects in all parts of the country.

Such an analysis will generally reveal

that success to have been due largely

to the persevering and thorough man-

ner in which every operation relating

to the project has been done. In ev-

ery case this kind of work should be

looked upon as an object lesson

worthy of the attention of older farm-

ers, rather than as a matter of educa-

tion for the boys and girls alone.

When so viewed this junior club work

will be of the greatest benefit to every

rural community in which it is being

carried on.



Much is said and



One Phase of Farm written these days



Finance. about - rural cred-



its. Various plans



have been advanwd for the supplying



of long-time credit to farmers through



a pooling of their credit resources.



The time is not for distant when leg-



islation both state and national, will



be enacted for the purpose of supply-



ing this kind of credit on the amorti-

zation plan.





A correct understanding of the

needs of the farmers of the country

along this line cannot well be arrived

at without a study of the credit facil~

ities now open to them. For the most

part, the study of such facilities in

both official and private investigations

has been limited to inquiry of the

banks of the country relating to their

mortgage loan business with) their

farmer patrons. Generally the mort-

gage loau business done through other

agencies has been grouped together

under a single head. There is, how-

ever, one agency doing a large mart-v

gage loan business to the farmers of

the country, about which little is

known to the average borrower, but

which has been a rapidly increasing

factor in this field during recent years.



At the ninth annual meeting

of the Association of Life Insurace

Presidents held early this month, a re-

port was submitted showing the ex-

tent of mortgage loan business done

by the life insurance companies of the

country, and the approximate propor-

tion of farm loans carried by them.

This report is interesting in that it

shows the assets of the life insurance

companies to have nearly doubled in

the past decade, while the percentage

of those assets which are held in the

form of real estate mortgages has in‘

creased from 26.88 per cent in 1904 to

34.58 per cent in 1914. Of the total

of mortgage loans held by life insun

ance companies, 39.03 per cent, or

$654,650,505.” was on United States

farms.



In some sections of the country,

notably the great middle west where

agriculture has developed most rapid-

ly in recent years, a very large per-

centage of the mortgage loans held by

life isurance companies on real estate

is on farm lands. In the north cen-

tral states, in which group Michigan

is included, the proportion is about

evenly divided between farm and oth-

er real estate.





A comparison of the total value of

other real property as compared with

farm property in the various sections

of the country shows about the same

ratio as the amount of insurance loans

on farm and other property. The sta-

tistics show that in Michigan there

are but $1,252,126 of such loans which

bear an average interest rate of 5.41

per cent. This interest rate compares

quite favorably with that charged in

the states having relatively large ag-

gregate loans of this character. A

study of the increase in this line of

business shows that the increase dur-

ing recent years has been largest in

those sections of the country where

relatively high interest rates prevail,

and smallest in the states where low

interest rates prevail. At the same

time, the large amount of loans of this

character held on the farms of some

of the central western states show

that where the demand exists for

farm loans of comparatively large av-

erage size, a considerable percentage

of that demand has been satisfied

from this source, and at rates of in-

terest somewhat below the average

rate prevailing in those states.





One great trouble with the farmer’s

money market is that it is too genomi-

ly restricted to his own locality; the

source of farm capital above indicated

is not, however, so restricted, for

which reason its importance to the

farmers of the country is propor-

tionately increased. The importance

of this source of farnj capital is

shown by figures submitted in this re-

port, indicating that the mortgage

loans held by 148 life insurance com-

panies on real property of all classes

exceeded by about 20 per cent the to-

tal of similar loans held by something

like 20,000 banks, loan and trust com-

panies which reported mortgage loans

for~1914.



The farm loans reported by the U.

S. census in 1910 show a division of

capital supplied to be as follows: Life,

insurance companies 37 1,5 per cent;





one: 26$ 191W





banks 31% per cent and private cap-

ital .31 per cent. , :





 





HAPPENINGS or THE WEEK.

Foreign.





 





The Wilson Wan—With winter

weather prevailing throughout the

northern countries of Europe and the

Allied forces back in Saloniki there

has been very little‘actlve operations

in the different theatres of war. It is

reported, however, that the Teutonic

armies are accumulating large .quanti-

tics of munitions along the Greek bor-

der. and on the western front. It is

anticipated that active campaigns will

be conducted in both of these sections

duripg the coming Spring. Turkish

armies are said to be preparing fer a

campaign on the Suez Canal and in

Egypt. The Allied troops have bom-

barded Turkish positions along the

Dardanelles but no important changes

are reported. The Italians have made

further advances against the Austri-

ans and continue to occupy territory

and to improve their strategic posi-

tion. Artillery engagements compose

the main diversion of troops along the

western front. A shortage of food

seems} to be a menacing factor with

the central powers, and Austria and

Germany are having trouble over‘Pol-

and and the failures in bringing the

eastern and western campaigns of

1915 to successful issues.



That the forces of Gen. Villa, of

Mexico, are rapidly disintegrating is

shown by the fact that four of his im-

portant generals conferred at El Paso

last week looking toward arrange-

ments for joining the army of Provi-

sional President Carranza. The where-

abouts of Gen. Villa are not known.

It is believed that he is preparing to

leave Mexico.



The American peace pilgrims land-

ed at Christiana, Norway, December

18. The party will proceed after

holding a number of meetings at this

point, to Stockholm, Sweden, thence

to Copenhagen, Denmark, and from

there to The Hague, Netherlands.



Better hospital conditions for the

French armies have reduced the mor-

tality among the sick and wounded

from 53 per one thousand to a ratio

of only 18 per thousand during the

past year.



The French people have organized a

comprehensive temperance society

with President Poincaire as honorary

president.



Great Britain fears a secret pact

between the Teutonic nations and

Greece, which, if true, may finally

place the Allied armies at Salonki in

an embarrassing situation. Every pre-

caution is being taken by the Allied

forces to keep within the terms of the

agreement with the Greek govern~

mentt.



King Peter, of Servia, has taken up

a temporary residence in Rome and

the parliament of that country is also

it: lbe transferred to the Italian cup-



0 I , .



Sweden has decided to make an en-

ergetic protest to Great Britain

against stoppage by British authorities

in Kirkwall, Scotland, of parcel post

service between Sweden and the Uni-

ted States. The Swedish government

has now ordered all parcel post from

England in transit across Sweden to

be held up indefinitely.



National.



On December 18 occurred the mar-

riage of President Wilson to Mrs. Nor-

man Galt at Washington, D. C.



The United States government has

forwarded a second note to Austria

regarding the sinking of the Italian

steamer Ancona. The State Depart

ment refuses Austria’s request for a

bill of particulars upon which the or-

iginal American demands were made.

The continuation of diplomatic rela-

tions will largely depend upon Aus-

tria’s reply.



A reply to charges that British mer-

chants were profiting by the European

war at the expense of American trade

has been made through the embassy

at Washington. In their argument

the British conclude by stating it to

be a significant fact that our exports

to the Scandanavian counties have

been increased since the war began

to a total equal to American ship-

ments to these ports and to Germany

previous to the war. The conclusion

is that American ds have been

reaching Germany t rough the Scan-

danavian countries.



The Republican National Committee

has selected Chicago as the city for

holding the 1916 republican national

convention on June 7.- In selecting

this date the party has broken the

custom of holdin a. convention pre-

vious to that of 9 party in power,

whose delegates will convene at

Louis. June 14. -



A state-wide survey and campaign

against tuberculosis in Michigan is to

be extended to all the county jails of

the state according to an; announce-

ment by the state board of health.





 





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4-- .
.. , ,3m ‘ ‘. , . . ,

d%» fl. . "“. ,





 





 





 





 





DEC. 25? 1915;:





HE constant discussion of the



farm labor problem is interest-



ing, but as a- usual thing writ-

ers consider it entirely from the stand-

point of wages and forget another fac-

tor that should be emphasized. If Bill

can earn $25 per month with his

board, room and washing, on the farm,

and $50 per month, with his expenses

very high, in the city, it does not fol-

low that these figures are a strong ar-

gument for either farm or city work.

However, if Bill’s city wages mean a

small rented home in the city, which

his wife can make into a real home,

then Bill will doubtless prefer the city

to the farm. Bill could not have work-

ed on many farms as a married man,

as his home would have been one

room upstairs, and his evenings would

have been lonesome.



It is not every farmer that can af-

ford a tenant house this year, and

probably it is not every farm that

needs one, but where the acreage is

large enough and the live stock car-

ried requires the services of a year

man, a tenant house is almost neces-

sary and will prove a good investment.

On three farms that I have visited,

they have solved their labor problem

in as satisfactory manner as it prob-

ably ever will be solved. Tenant hous-

es are provided for the year men and

they live on the farm in their own

home. Expenses are not as high as in

the city and these men are contented

and efiicient workers and the manage-

ment is not worried about the farm

labor problem.



Two of these farms were in Saginaw

county, and the first was a large farm

comprising several thousand acres and

the workers were given every oppor-

tunity to feel at home through the

plan of furnishing married men with

small tenant houses. The second farm

comprised only a few hundred acres,

but the large amount of live stock on

the place required the services of

eight or ten year men. They were all

furnished with a small tenant house

and a garden spot and the farm man-

ager found no trouble in keeping the

houses filled with reliable. men. One

example was of special interest. A

city blacksmith failed up in his work

because of his too frequent indulgence

in liquor. The man’s wife obtained a

position for him on the farm and away

from his usual temptations, with a

good wife to manage him, this man

'has been doing all of the blacksmith-

ing on the farm as well as other gen-

eral work, and he has been of great

assistance to the farm manager. With-

out the small tenant house such a

laborer could never have been induc-

ed to live on any farm, but by giving

the man the independence of living

in his own home both the farm and

the man were benefited.

~ The third of the farms is in Van

Buren county. It is devoted to fruit

growing and live stock and there are

three tenant houses on the place. The

manager of this farm seems to find

no trouble in hiring reliable mén and

the men are giving excellent service

and showing interest in their work.

One of these men owns a small motor

car and undoubtedly is financially

able to start out for himself in the

farming business, but due to the fact

that he has all the comforts of his

own home he is remaining and show-

ing the greatest interest in his work.

He is a fine hand 'at managing live

stock, and knows the fruit business

thoroughly. He could not be replaced

by the transient labor on which farm-

ers depend, and he would not work on

a farm that could not furnish him a

home.



Business vs. Sentiment.



It is the custom of the omployes of

many farms to find fault with the man-

agement, and the management fre-





quently forgets that the employes are





spending the best years of their lives

in building up a farming business in





m: s. Mic Ha GAN. :E‘AR M ER





Keeping the Hired Man





which they can have no financial in-

terest. The same thing is true of the

city factory. Men can hardly be ex-

pected to fall in love with the boss,

and the boss knows that the men are

working for their wages, and that

many of them will “soldier" on him if

they have the opportunity. or course,

men are not all alike, many of them

work for love of the Job, but the point

I am striving to arrive at is the fact

that there is absolutely no sentiment

in the average employe, whether he is

toiling on the farm or in the factory.

The man is working for the money he

must have to enjoy the comforts of

the home life, for which every normal

man is seeking. It is possible to write

most beautiful, descriptions of the

beauty of farm life when you sit on

the veranda and watch the sun sink-

ing in a haze of glory at the end of

the farm lane. At least you might do

it if you owned the farm, but what

about the hired man on the farm?

Winter is coming, Bill has just finish-

ed bedding down the horses, he will

soon finish supper, and while you read

by the fire, surrounded by the wife

and children, Bill will go upstairs and

sit around all alone. Finally you go

up to Bill’s door and say, “Well, I

guess I can look after the stock now,

as the fall crops are all in. I guess

I won’t need you after the first of the

month.” Bill has saved possibly as

much as $100 during the summer.

Maybe he will land a job in the fac-

tory this winter. Maybe he will not

come back to the farm next spring,

and he knows a lot about the farming

business, too. If Bill had lived in a

tenant house with a good garden to

produce at least part of his winter’s

food, he could have afforded to spend

the winter on the farm, even though

work was rather slack, and bucking

wood was his principal diversion.

Next spring Bill would have been

ready for business and‘he would have

liked the farm.

,The Human Side.



It seems to me, after working with

farm laborers, factory workers, ofiice

men, etc., that they are all pretty hu-

man sort of fellows, with such a

mighty little real difference in their

make-up that you can’t find it. Every

one of them are working because they

love and respect their home and fam-

ily, and if they have neither, they are

working with that end in view. Place

your farm manager or hired man, ten-

ant or Whatever you may call him, in

a good home, such as every good man





deserves, and you will go a long dis-

tance in the solution of the farm labor

problem. It costs money to do it, but

I would like to hear of any successes

in managing farm workers on the old

plan of eight months work per year,

with the old storeroom rigged up into

a “happy home" for the said employs.

A lot of farmers cannot afford to build

a tenant house and they do not need

one. Possibly they can get along with

the occasional trading of labor with

their neighbors, and the hiring of

neighbors’ boys who still live at home.

In that case a year man is not a nec-

essity. However, on many live stock

farms there is plenty of work all the

year around, and many prosperous

stock raisers are constantly worrying

about the shortage of labor, and their

wives are overworking in feeding and

caring for the hired men. There is

one remedy for that situation. Build

a tenant house, buy a “knock-down

dwelling," try and gather together a

few hundred dollars for that purpose.

It will mean a sacrifice in many cases

but it will pay. If you do not need a

regular hired man this will be of no

interest, if you do need one, remember

that Bill does not go to the city for

wages alone. He has no sentimental

love for your farm, but he does want

a home. He will try to get that home

either in the country or in the city,

and if he is any good he will get it.

Ingham Co. R. G. KmBY.





 





 





BUILDING UP THE RENTED FARM.





 





(Continued from first page).

measure conserve its fertility. By

making a careful study of the soil,

one is better prepared to make an in-

telligent estimate of the cost of build-

ing fences and drainage necessary to

properly conduct the constructive sys-

tem of farming he has in mind.





Meadow and Pasture Lands.





One of the most difficult problems

confronting land-owners is that of

maintaining meadow and pasture

lands. The growing of clover and

grasses carries with it the idea of in-

tensive farming, the feeding of stock:

better crop rotations, better cultiva-

tion and the return of farm manures

and soil residue to the land. If the

farm manures are applied to the

meadow lands it insures a big crop

of hay which, if fed to stock, adds

greatly to the supply of farm manure.

The larger crops of clover and grasses

that are harvested, the more humus

and nitrogen go back to the soil in

the roots and stubble of the crops.



If certain fields are rough and roll-





llliiil|IllllIlllllllilllilillillllilIli'lI|Iill|iiilllllliiiillllllllllllllillllllil !||||lllllllliiillliiillllillllliilillllilllI!lHi]|lllilllllillllllllilililiiliiiiliii?IiiI1llliil||iiilIillliiiiliiillllliiillliinlillllilillllilliiil|iillilliilliilllililliil





How I Made My Crop





The object of growing these pota-

toes is to improve ourselves, our farms

and our community. So far we have

succeeded fairly well.



First I put on ten loads of barnyard

manure, then I plowed my ground

early so as to get ahead of the weeds,

since half of the job is to eradicate

them. About a week later I dragged

the plot and continued it until potato

planting time, which gave me a clean

seed bed, also conserved more of the

moisture which the potato plant would

need later. Then a few days before

planting I broadcasted and harrowed

in 250 pounds of blackbone 2:8:101er-

tilizer.



_I planted eight bushels of Pural New

Yorkers, being careful to select those

free from disease and true to type.

June 1 I planted my potatoes and di-

rectly after planting I harro-wed the

ground, repeating the operation every

five days so as to make a dust mulch.



My potatoes were up in three weeks

after which I took a hand potato

planter and planted a handful of fer-

tilizer 'along side of each hill, which

seemed to make ,them thrive better. I

then gave them four'deep cultiVation’s

and three shallow ones. The reason





for the shallow ones was to save the





fine roots just starting beneath the

surface. ‘



On August 24 a hard frost occurred,

killing almost all of the crops in this

vicinity, but I saved mine by building

fires around my potato plot, thus driv-

ing‘away the frost.



My half-acre yielded 210 bushels

and 22 pounds, of which I saved 30

bushels of seed which I value at $1.25

a bushel. I also have 170 bushels of

salable potatoes worth 60 cents a bush-

el, and ten bushels of culls worth 25

cents a bushel. The cost of produc-

ing my half—acre was $34.15, or 16

cents a bushel, which gives me a net

profit of $110.55.



In summing up what I havm

from growing potatoes, I will name

the following points:



First, I have $110.55 in clear money.



Second, I have learned the funda-

mental principles of raising the potato

plant, which will help me to raise

more potatoes per acre as a farmer.



'v Third, the' value of making'a close

study of any business proposition.



, Fourth, I am not satisfied with my

results this year, and know I can do

better. I





Osceola CO. H. LAFRANCE.





3—679 '





ing, it is better than they should be

seeded with grass and utilized for

grazing purposes. The land-owner

who desires to maintain his meadows

and pastures in good condition will

find it necessary to make provision

in his leases that certain fields must

be seeded and kept seeded with grass.

Much land that cannot be safely culti-

vated can be made into excellent pas-

ture. Any sod-forming grass will help

to prevent soil-washing. Often it may

be found practical to grow a cultivat-

ed crop at intervals of five or six

years and keep the land in meadow

or pasture between times. Fields may

easily be ruined if the tenant is al-

ways allowed to cultivate them as he

sees fit. As land-owners come to val-

ue their land more highly and take

better care of it, underground drain-

age will be more largely resorted to

to prevent soil erosion. There can be

no question that in many cases tile

drainage is the most effective prevent-

ative, and in the long run the cheap

est. The problem of fixing the pro-

portion of pasture and meadow land

to that devoted to grain and cash

crops is one that requires careful

study and attention. This not only

makes it possible for the tenant to

practice a profitable rotation of crops

from year to year, but it encourages

the raising and feeding of stock and

the feeding of considerable grain on

the premises. What is imperatively

needed on the rented farm is a sys-

tem of stock breeding and feeding that

will make use of the roughproducts

of the farm and convert them into dol-

lars and fertility.





The improvement of pastures by re-

seeding. by mowing the weeds during

the summer, by disking and the appli-

cation of lime and phosphorous has

proved profitable on many farms. By

planning the work so that from five

to ten acres may be disked,1imed and

reseeded each year, the land—owner

furnishing the seed and the fertilizer

and the tenant doing the work, the

pastures will be kept in good condi-

tion. As a rule the expenditure of

forty or fifty dollars, and two or three

days’ team work disking and mowing

will help out wonderfully in improving

pastures. And if only a few acres are

limed, fertilized and reseeded each

year, the expenditures will be moder-

ate, and the tenant’s labor will be

more than paid for in the benefits he

derives.



Dividing the Profits.



On many farms where the owner

takes an active interest in the man-

agement or helps finance the stock

breeding and feeding end of the busi-

ness, the divide the dollar, or partner-

ship form of lease will be more satis—

factory than cash rent. A fair divi-

sion of the profits from stock breed-

ing and feeding is rather of a. difficult

problem to work out on a rented farm.

In the leading agricultural regions an

equal division of the profits is the

most satisfactory solution of the prob-

lem, the land—owner to furnish the

farm, the tenant the horses, unless

brood mares are owned jointly and

colts raised, and farm implements,

and perform the labor. All of the op-

erating and incidental expenses to be

determined by agreement. At the

start it is often necessary for the

land-owner to buy most of the stock,

but if the tenant can be encouraged

to gradually work into stock until he

owns one-half of the cattle, sheep and

swine, it is easy to get the affairs on

a sound working basis. No man can

lay down rules which will apply with

equal force to all cases and to all men,

but in my own practice I find it best

to furnish the tenant with capital to

purchase .one-half "of the breeding

stock, even though it is necessary to

take security on the stock. In this

way he feels that he has an interest

in the animals and gives them better

care than would be the case if he had

no real interest in them.



Many tenants prefer to pay cash

rent than enter into a partnership
580—4





agreement to feed the crops to stock.

on the farm and divide the profits. As

a result many land-owners are making

provisions that so many acres shall

be kept in pasture, and meadow and

that no roughage shall be sold from

the farm. Such a lease fits many

farms better than the divide the dollar

plan of stock breeding and feeding

and the tenant is free to conduct his

business as he seesfit so long as he

lives up to the lease. By assuming

greater risks and furnishing his own

stock, tools and equipment he usually

pays lower rent than he would under

the divide the dollar plan, but the di-

vide the dollar plan helps many young

men to get started in farming and is,

in the writer’s judgment, the form of

lease best suited to present conditions

in the leading agricultural regions.

The owner of the land is entitled to a

fair rate of interest on his investment,

and the tenant should have decent

pay for his labor and a fair rate of

interest on his investment in stock

and equipment. Under either plan of

leasing both parties have certain

rights which cannot justly be ignored.





Essential Provisions of Lease.





The tenant should guarantee access

to the land-owner at all times for in-

spection or other purposes. The land

owner should furnish materials for

fences and buildings and necessary re-

pairs each year. The tenant should

keep the fences and buildings in re-

pair except for ordinary wear. With

each lease should be a map of the

farm so that there can be no misun-

derstanding as to the crop growing

system to be practiced. Such a map

with notes explaining the crops to be

grown on the different fields will save

any trouble and prove a safeguard in

case a tenant attempts to break up

pastures and meadows or abandon the

crop rotation provided for in the lease.





The land-owner who is interested in

maintaining the fertility of his farm

should be willing to furnish a manure

spreader if the tenant will keep the

manure cleaned up about the prem-

ises, a few tons of phosphoric rock

and an occasional car of lime should

also be used to encourage the growth

of clovers and other farm crops. It

is always a good investment to add

fertility to the farm. It means a high-

er cash rent, or larger profits under

the divide the dollar plan. The silo

is an investment that adds to the at-

tractiveness of any farm as a renting

proposition.



The problem of providing an abun-

dant supply of pure water is one that

should have the attention of every

land-owner. It not only increases the

efficiency of the farm as a renting

proposition but it adds to its perma-

nent value. Outside of the monetary

value of pure water, there is a hu-

manitarian side of the question that

should prompt every landowner to

provide a clean and healthful supply

of water for the tenant’s family and

stock.



As land values increase, and land-

owners are finding it impossible to

conduct their farms at a profit under

the old system of farm leasing, many

farms are being offered for sale. In

many parts of the country these farms

are being bought by bankers and busi-

ness men who aim to develop a prof-

itable system of farm tenantry. By

operating several farms on a partner-

ship, or cooperative basis, with a

trained agricultural expert in charge

of the whole, these farms are in many

instances beginning to pay decent

profits. Such a system of farm ten-

antry means the improvement of our

agriculture because the good farmers

are retained and the others eliminat-

ed. It eliminates the floater who

stays only one year on a farm and

moves on to another. Such a pennant

system of farm teantry, or co-opera-

tive farming, instead of being a men-

ace to the farming industry will raise

the business to a higher plane of

efficiency.





New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





 





THE MICHIGAN FARME’R





State" 'Hort’iculturiSts’ Annual Meet.





(Continued from last week). -





DING after the consumer’s dol-

lar,” was the subject discussed

by Mr. Don Francisco, assist-



ant advertising manager of the Cali-

fornia Fruit Growers’ Exchange. He

gave the results of the investigations

carried on by this organization which

showed how the consumer’s dollar

was divided. As Mr. Francisco, who

frequently writes articles on market-

ing for the Michigan Farmer, gave in

detail the results of this investigation

in our issue of September 11, and as

his article on “Producers Educate the

Nation,” which gives what he said

with reference to the jobber, appears

in the present issue, no report of his

talk will be given. The talk proved

very popular because he took up the

marketing question from a standpoint

—which was new to most of those

present. -



The evening session was very en-

joyable, the chief subject of interest

being a talk by Senator H. M. Dunlap,

the well-known orchardist of Savoy,

Illinois. This talk was illustrated by

moving pictures taken on Mr. Dun-

lap’s farm by the Department of Hort-

iculture of the University of Illinois.

They showed well the operations of

spraying, cultivation with tractor,

picking and packing, and the hauling

of the fruit to the cars by a large

truck and trailer. Mr. Dunlap's re-

marks were very practical and the

comments he made with reference to

the pictures gave the growers a good

insight into extensive and systematic

orchard operation.



Birds the Fruit Growers’ Friends.



Mr. Sargent, of the Grand Rapids

Public Museum, gave a most interest-

ing talk on “Birds and their Relation

to Horticulture.” He said that we

have destroyed the homes of the birds

and made conditions favorable for the

development of insects. Under natur-

al conditions the birds kept the in-

sects under control, but now as the

birds are growing scarce, other means

of control are necessary. He urged

that we encourage the birds by pro-

viding resting places and winter feed-

ing places for them. Practically all

of the birds common to this part of

the country do more good than in-

jury, their chief diet being insects and

weed seeds. He said that the cat was

the birds’ greatest enemy and that all

useless cats should be killed, for a

single cat will kill on the average of

fifty birds a year. This talk was made

doubly interesting by being illustrat-

ed by a large number of lantern slides.

The evening’s entertainment was con-

cluded by .motion pictures showing

strawberry growing in Kentucky and

the methods used in bridge grafting,

the films being furnished by the U. S.

Department of Agriculture.



Wednesday morning’s session was

devoted to ,the student’s contest and

business meeting. The former event,

in which the senior horticultural stu-

dents at M. A. C. are contestants, has

become one of the annual features of

the state society meeting. Many deem

that thei information given in the

speaking contests to be as valuable as

any received at the entire meeting.



Loren Williams, who spoke on “Fruit

Laws of Michigan,” won first prize in

the speaking contest. R. W. Peterson,

discussing the question, “Should the

Horticulturist Keep Bees?" got the

second premium, and L. R. Stanley

took third with a talk on “Apple

Scab.” The judging of premiums were

awarded as follows: L. R. Stanley,

first; R. W. Peterson, second; P. J.

Rood, third.



A Membership Campaign.



In the business meeting the matter

of the society’s finances was taken up.

A plan presented by the executive

committee was accepted. This plan

was that a systematic campaign be

started in each county for life 'meml'

bers at the present rate of $5.00 each,





three men being appointed in each

county to take care of this campaign.

This will be supplemented by letters

sent out from the secretary’s office.

The membership fees so received will

be placed in the Lyon memorial fund,

and it is hoped that within the next

two years, the fund will have become

large enough so that the income from

it will go a long ways toward paying

the annual expense of the society.

Two years from the present annual

meeting the life membership fee is to

be increased to $10 and the annual

dues to $2.00.



At the annual election all of the oflEl-

cers whose terms expired were re-

elected, as all were eligible for anoth-

er term. These oflicers included Pres-

ident C. A. Pratt, Secretary. R. A.

Smythe, and Treasurer Henry Smith.

Members of the executive board who

were re-elected were C. A. Bingham,

of Birmingham, and E. 0. Ladd, of

Old Mission.



The Wednesday afternoon session

was opened by Mr. Seth T. Bush, of

New York, who discussed “Peach

Problems.” The problems of the peach

grower, both from the marketing and

growing standpoint, are many, and the

suggestions Mr. Bush made proved of

great value because of his vast experi-

ence in this work. Mr. Bush is one of

the largest and most progressive fruit

growers in New York. Mr. Dunlap

gave an unusually interesting talk on

“Packing and Marketing Apples.” In

his operations he uses the grader and

thinks it of great value in the sizing

of the fruit. He does not think it'is

wise for the eastern growers. to imi-

tate those of the West by using the

box as a fruit package. He said that

we should gain our reputation as fruit





growers through the use of barrels





and bushel baskets, the destructive

eastern packages. Mr. C. F. Schneider

of the Michigan Weather Bureau, gave

an able discussion of “The Use of Wa-

ter as Protection Against Frost.” He

spoke of the value of Lake Michigan

to the western part of the state and

the influence a body of Water has on

the temperature.

The Women's Session.



Great interest was shown in the

women’s session which was held in

the parlors of the Association of Com-

merce Wednesday afternoon. Mrs. H.

M. Dunlap, one of the best known in-

stitute speakers on household sub-

jects, gave a talk on “Home Making,”

and Mrs. Nellie H. Smythe, who is

president of the Federation of Wom-

en’s Clubs, spoke on “Interests Out-

side of the Home for Women of the

Farm." These women’s sessions are

growing in popularity, and will un-

doubtedly be annual features of the

State Horticultural meetings.



The annual banquet was largely at-

tended. It was held in the banquet

hall of the Hotel Pantlind, and was as

usual the social event of the horticul-

tural meeting. Hon. Chas. W. Garfield,

the Horticulturists’ favorite toastmas-

ter, presided. He called upon the lead-

ing lights of Michigan horticulture,

who gave reminiscences and prophe-

sies for the future of fruit growing

in this state. '



Thursday was devoted mainly to

methods of fruit production. Mr. T.

A. Farrand, well known throughout

the state as a practical advisor on

horticultural matters, handled the sub-

ject of spraying. Prof. R. H. Pettit,

"the bug man,” of M. A. C., talked on

“Pests,” giving special attention to

the control of the aphis, which was so

serious last year. Mr. Seth Bush gave

many practical hints regarding the

storage of fruit in the discussion,

“Success and Failure in Cold Stor-

age.” Mr. O. W. Braman, of Grand

Rapids, told of his experience with

sweet clover as a soil rejuvenator Mr.

Braman has had cbnsiderable experi-

ence with sweet clover, having grown





 





DEC. 25, 1915.

it for several-years andhaving car-

ried on some fertilizer experiments

on it. His conclusions are that

sweet clover does not do well on soil

that has been depleted by constant

cultivation, but that it does well on

soil that has just been broken up.

even though the soil is poor.



The most successful meeting the

state society has had for many years

was closed by a talk on “Soils Suit-

able for Fruits,” by Prof. M. M. Mc-

Cool, of M. A. C. He brought out the

adaptability of the various soils to the

various kinds of fruits and the neces-

sity of giving these soils proper care.





CHERRY GRADES.





 





We are informed by the wonomists

that farm products should be stan-

dardized, that the different products

should be grade just as sugars are

graded. The theory of standardiza-

tion is easy. It is the practice that

gets us into difficulties. An effort was

made last summer to grade the cher-

ries marketed from the Grand Trav-

erse region. One of the requirements

of the rules adopted was that the eas-

es should be full. That brought up

the question as to what was a full

case. There were almost as many

opinions as there were growers. So

some experimenting was done with a

set of scales on the loading platform.

One hundred cases of Montmorency

cherries were weighed. These were

taken in lots of five, five cases from

each grower, and the average found

for each lot, and then the average

weight for the entire 100 cases. Pains

were taken to weigh the cases from

growers who had extreme ideas re-

garding the quantity of fruit that

should go in a case. The average

weight for the grower who was the

most economical was 29.7 pounds, and

the average weight for the grower who

was the most generous was 34.4, a dif-

ference between the two of 4.4 pounds.

As the cases would weigh the same in

both cases the difference was in the

amount of fruit.

for the 100 cases was 31.8 pounds.

Fifty-five of the cases weighed; 32

pounds or better and 45 cases weighed

under 32 pounds. From these figures

it might be reasonable to rule that a

standard case of Grand Traverse

Montmorency cherries should weigh

32 pounds or more.



The Early Richmond cherries did

not prove to be quite so heavy as the

Montmorencies. Twenty-five cases

were weighed and the average was

found to be 31.12 pounds. The best

showing was only 31.4. It is probable

that this average would have been

raised materially if cherries of this

variety had been received from the

same growers who filled their Mont-

morency cases clear to the top.



The average for the Windsor cher-

ries was a little better than for the

Richmonds, although not as good as

for the Montmorencies. The exact fig-

ures were 31.8 pounds. Among the

growers having Windsor cases on the

scales were two of the very best in

the region, so that it is not likely that

this average can be raised more than

enough to get it to 32 pounds.



It is quite likely that there would

be a slight variation in the weight of

cherries with- different weather condi-

tions, and perhaps the average would

vary a little from season to season.

The amount of these variations will

be determined in time as it is propos-

ed to conduct weighings each season

until figures are available for all the

different conditions likely to be met

with.



Gd. Traverse Co. B. H. Eston'rn.





 





THIS WEEK many of o u r

readers will decide if they will

continue the Michigan Farmer

another year, three or five, at less

than one cent a week. Can you

afford to let it stop? Your date

tab will tell you if yourtime is up.





The average weight .
r





 





 





 





 





DEC. 25, 1915}





' HE‘ winter dairy herd must

have plenty of well-balanced

feed, and comfortable surround-



ings. The‘dairy farmer must base his

ration upon the feed existing during

June, for the term “June pasture” ex-

presses the ideal condition for producr

ing milk and butter-fat of the highest

quality, and in greater abundance.



The natural pasture grasses are not

only succulent, but they serve in keep-

ing the digestive system of the animal

in a laxative condition, which is most

favorable for the best action of the

organs of digestion. Too many cows

suffer from constipation during the

Winter season, which greatly impairs

their value as milk producers.



The farmer must supply nutrients,

both in bulk and succulence. Clover,

alfalfa, or clover and alfalfa hay are

best, but of course, mixed hay and

ensilage may be fed if these are not

available. Alfalfa hay, being richer in

protein, is perhaps most desirable as

a portion of the roughage and permits

a saving in high~priced grains. The

grain portion should be made up of

meals, chops and. by-products selected

according to the needs of the cows

and market conditions.



Judgment Necessary in Feeding.



Judgment is required in feeding the

dairy cows, as with other stock. The

feeder must know his cows and some-

thing of the effects of the feeds fed.

Corn meal is a good feed but no good

dairyman will feed it alone. The same

is true to an even greater extent with

oil meal, cottonseed meal or other

high-protein feeds, but when one of

these is mixed with the heat-produc-

ing corn meal and other grains to

make a mixture having about the

same bulk as well-ground corn and

oats equal parts, the ration is improv-

ed in balance, and in suitable form.



Without clover or alfalfa in the

roughage, it is difficult to make a sat-

isfactory and economical ration en-

tirely from home-grown material and

very often the farmer is able to ex-

change. some of his home-grown pro-

ducts for a by-product that will re-

place a portion of it in the ration at

less cost and with actual improve-

ment.



The farm silo solves the problem of

winter feeding best from all points of

view, because silage is preferred as a

cheap source of succulency. The sec-

ond choice would be roots. These are

quite satisfactory alone or as supple-

mentary to silage, and by all means

should be more generally used than

at present. Oil meal is of greatest

value because of its well-known laxa-

tive qualities, coupled with its high

protein content.



If silage or roots are not available

a grain ration like the following

would be proper: Bran 40 parts;

ground cats or barley 20 parts; ground

meal 20 parts; oil meal 20 parts.



Weigh the Feed and the Milk.



All feed should be weighed out for

the cow, as should the milk produced

be weighed. It will be taken for

granted that no hard and fast rules

can be laid down as law in mixing

feed or as to quantities to be fed. The

judgment of the farmer must decide





.this, for much will depend upon the





individuality of the animal, stage of

lactation, etc. It is safe to feed 10 to

15 pounds of hay, 25 to 45 pounds of

silage, or 30 to 50 pounds of roots,

varying the quantities according to

the size and capacity of the cow. In

addition one pound of grain mixture

should be fed for every three or four

pounds of milk produced. If a cow

tends to fall off in her production

without showing any gain in her body

weight it would seem that she isnot

eating enough, while if she gains in

weight at the expense of production

it is quite certain that ,she needs more

protein added to her ration. _If this

rule fails all around, then she is the

wrong kind of a cow to make money

with. A good dairyman will not allow





r H i: "ii/ire HIGAN FA R M a R

gRations fer Winter Dairying





a cow to “run down” and become too

thin. If the cow “gives too much

milk,” she will stand a wider ration,

that is, more fattening feeds in pro-

portion to those richer in protein.





I know a farmer who has built mod-

ern buildings, paid for a large produc-

tive farm, and is banking money each

month, just by judicious management

of his dairy herd during the winter.

That there is more profit in winter

dairying no practical farmer can

doubt. The very fact that the farm-

ers who are most prosperous, most in-

dependent, and leaders of their com-

munities, farm this way, should be

“writing on the wall” for others, who

should follow suit at once.



New York. EARL W. GAGE.





 





WHEN TO PLANT SOY BEANS FOR

SILAGE.





 





In a recent issue of the Michigan

Farmer you told of planting soy beans

with corn for silage. Will you please

say at what time you plant the soy

beans, and how thick to plant? As I

have never had any experience with

them, and being a new beginner, any

advice will be greatly appreciated. I

built a silo this year and am quite

anxious to increase my corn crop.

Have you any good seed corn for sale?



Ogemaw Co. H. J. H.





The soy beans should be planted at

the same time you plant the ensilage

corn. Some corn planters have at-

tachments so you can plant the beans

right in the hill with the corn, or if

you plant the corn in drills then the

beans are also planted in drills.





Last season I had a planter follow

the corn planter, taking pains to

drive so the shoe followed exactly the

shoe of the leading planter. This

worked well. One year I tried mixing

the soy bean seed and the seed corn

together and planting at the same

time, but it did not work because I

could not get a uniform distribution

of either corn or bean seed.



If you plant corn by hand, you can

go over the field and plant the beans

just beside the hill of corn. It should

be done at once so the corn will not

get too much start of the beans.





BUCKWHEAT BRAN VS. WHEAT

BRAN.





 





Is buckwheat bran as good for

milch cows as wheat bran? What is





the food content compared with bran? ‘





Is it a good feed to go with corn





silage?



Gd. Traverse 00. F. V. W.



If we study the chemical analysis

of buckwheat bran and wheat bran,

we will find there is a very consider-

able difference in their value for feed-

ing purposes.



Buckwheat bran contains 7.4 per

cent of crude protein; 30.4 per cent

of carbohydrates; 1.9 per cent of eth-

er extract. Wheat bran contains 12.6

per cent of crude protein; 44.1 per

cent of carbohydrates; 2.9 per cent of

ether extract.





Wheat bran has considerably more

of the food nutrients than buckwheat

bran. Besides, buckwheat bran is a

eases as scours, and other digestive

very uncertain quantity; sometimes it

is composed of only the bulls, and

then it is almost worthless, for it is

not digestible. Where a considerable

amount of buckwheat middlings go in

with the hulls, then the bran is of

much more value. One must know

how the bran is prepared to get an

idea of its value. But it is safe to

say that buckwheat bran is nowhere

near as valuable as wheat bran to

feed to milch cows.





Buckwheat middlings must not be

confused with the bran. The mid-

dlings are a splendid food, but they

should contain none of the hulls. The

pure hulls are practically indigestible.

Buckwheat middlings being richer in

protein than wheat bran would be a

splendid food to feed with corn silage.





The bran would not.





 





 





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Made of Krupp steel-dweig 5





interested in pigs have noticed

the fact that some breeders of

pigs regard it as a part of their sys-

tem of'management .to take the first

litter from the gilts which they save

for breeding stock at the end of a

year from their birth. I remember

how much I was struck with the

diminutive size of a Jersey heifer, the

first I bred, if I am not mistaken,

which came in to season and was

served at the end of about sixteen

months. She never seemed to grow

but matured early and remained an

abnormally small cow. Growth is not

always impeded to this extent by ser-

vice at an early age, but the lesson

had its influence.





All experienced breeders of pigs are

aware that a gilt will continue to

grow, as. a rule, and develop after she

farrows for the first time, and that at

the age of eight months when service

is necessary if it is intended that she

should breed at the end of her first

year she is still growing. To check

her growth at this time is to spoil her

for good. Take a gilt of a large breed,

the pick of a litter of the highest type

and assume that she is intended for

exhibition. Her chance of success

depends practically upon her size, oth-

er points being equal, but if she is

bred at the age of eight months the

size which she might be expected to

attain in due course will never be

reached, owing to the demand made

upon her by the pigs which she car-

ries and ultimately produces. A large

sow produces large pigs and the most

careful observations have shown that

both the size and the weight of a lit-

ter are in proportion to that size tem-

pered with age, for a mature sow pro-

duces more and larger pigs than a

gilt. A gilt invariably produces a

smaller litter of smaller pigs than

when she is older. Thus if age and

size both influence results we cannot

doubt what is the best course to pur-

sue. Common sense alone once the

question is thought out will indicate

the desirability of deferring the period

of service and in consequence the date

of the first litter so that more time

may be devoted to untrammeled

growth.



It is probable that there are some

who believe that to defer the first lit-

ter means a direct pecuniary loss. A!-

ter feeding a gilt for a year they re-

gard it as the proper course to obtain

a speedy return. It is obvious, how-

ever, that if the value of a gilt which

may be keptfor years for breeding

purposes is permanently reduced for

this purpose the loss of profit will be

largely increased. A gilt allowed to

grow to full size will make a better

and more certain return than would

be possible under other conditions.

Moreover, she will make that profit





MOST of those among us who are





} twice a year while her value will be





distinctly increased. However well a

gilt may be bred she is immature and

imperfectly grown when she produces

her first litter at the age of twelve

months. By no means will I breed a.

gilt until she is fully 11 year old.





If we wait until the March-farmwed

gilt is at least a year old before breed-

ing her we have given her time for

growing and developing and then

she would farrow early in August,

which is a good time for pigs to ar-

rive as there is nothing to hinder both

sow and pigs from doing well if pro-

vided with good shade and water. It

cannot be doubted that under such

conditions a young sow will be much

superior to what she would have been

had she farrowed four or five months

earlier and that her pigs will be finer

specimens and realize more money.

In the ordinary course of pig manage-

ment a sow farrowing early in March

should farrow at a similar date in

September, two litters each year. In

the case of the gilt which has produc-





 





 





T H .E .M. roams N "F AR” M En





Developing the Gilts a ~ ; -





ed her first; little family in August.

extra time is advantageously allowed,

she may retain her pigs a little long-

er and with her liberty rest as long

as it is safe to allow her'before she is

again bred to come in with her second

litter in March.





Illinois. W. M. Hanna:





 





THE STRAW STACK.





 





This has been a season of unusual

grain growths in the central and east-

ern states where, with a few local

exceptions, wheat, oats and barley

were rank, owing to the heavy rain-

fall. Consequently the straw stack

assumed big proportions on the aver‘

age farm.



It should be a rule from which there

is no deviation to work into manure

every bit of straw grown on the place

by the time another threshing time

rolls around. In our own practice we

have frequently carried this to such a

point that it became necessary to pur-

chase of our neighbors sufficient of

the article for bedding the hurse stalls

in late summer when the other stock

was out in pasture and did not re-

quire any.



Granted that there are farms where

the amount of stock kept is propor-

tionately smaller than the grain

acreage and not all of it can be util-

ized in stalls and stables as an ab-

sorbent, there still remains no excuse

for selling it off the farm, nor for set-

ting fire to it. Spread on the land and

turned under with the plow it returns

to the soil a portion of what was re-

moved from it, even though not equal

to stable manure in nutrient value.





Butgthe legitimate use for straw is

as an absorbent in stalls and stables.

Farmers who pride themselves upon

conservation of soil, religiously ap-

plying the solids to the land, are still

many of them careless when it comes

to the liquids, which are even richer





in fertility. The days of boring auger





holes in stable floors to get rid of

these, are, let us hope, past and gone.

But sufficient absorbents to trap them

and avoid waste is yet lacking in

many instances. Here, as has b"en

stated, is the legitimate place for

straw. Some complaint has been

heard occasionally when this was urg-

ed that it means a whole lot of work

to lug in straw and lug it out again,

saturated with manure. True, it

means work, but so does anything in

this life that is worth while, and few

men who make their living from the

soil would be willing to make such an

admission today. We have passed the

day of so-called wood-chuck farming

when the farmer was content to lay

around the house all winter and do

nothing but a few chores. We are

learning that live stock is the bank

upon which to depend for the future

welfare of our soils. We must con-

serve every bit of fertility to keep the

land from going back. How better

can this be done than through our

flocks and herds fed generously upon

the products of the farm which are in

that way returned to the soil, thereby

retaining the natural elements of fer-

tility and causing it to improve in-

stead of deteriorate.



There is some nutritive value in

straw as a stock feed. Straw, partic-

ularly oat straw, is relished by live

stock to a considerable extent. The

head ends and chaff afford quite a bit

of picking. Even milch cows, accus-

tomed to a selected diet, relish an oc-

casional opportunity of nosing over a

feed of bright oat straw. But it has

its limitations and in these days of

ensilage and alfalfa is not to be con-

sidered as the least bit of a rival of

those two popular rations. So that

the best use for the straw stack is to





put it generously into the stables as





bedding. Nothing in the way of ani-

mal comfort on a, cold winter night





_ DEC. 25,1915; .





can surpass the big, warm bed. of





_ clean straw. And for a perfect picture





of appreciative content I recommend

a look at a bunch of pigs of any use

up to the eyes in straw snuggled down

for sleep. It sends a man from his

day’s work among his animals to his

own warm bed and comfortable tire-

with a clearer conscience because

of it. -



So for two good reasons every bit

of that big straw stack should be con-





.verted into manure before spring.





First, leaving the humane side out of-

the question, if one so desires, for

the land’s sake use the straw liberally

for bedding. Every stalk soaks up the

liquids of the excrement, thus preserv‘

ing it from loss. Second, for the com-

fort of the domestic animals provide

every stall and pen with a liberal

coating of straw and see that it is re-

newed daily. Especially is this nec-

essary for health as well as for com-

fort in the case of dairy cows or other

stock kept on cement floors. Remem-

ber the old saying, “as cold as a

stone" is as true when compared to

cement. If you don’t believe it place

the bare hand on a cement floor some

cold winter day and find out from ex.

perience. Warming up a cement floor

with corn and oats is rather expen‘

sive. Straw is better and cheaper.

Genesee Co. E. E. R.





_ HOW TO BUTCHER A SHEEP.





 





I think W. M. Hardy (see Michigan

Farmer of December 4), makes unnec-

essary trouble for both himself and

the sheep when he butchers. His

method may do for a strong man, but

breaking the neck 'of a big fat sheep

would be difficult for me and tedious

for the sheep.



I tie the sheep to a post by a rope

around its neck and stun it, either by

shooting or by a blow from the axe.

Unless you are a sure shot (which I

am not) the axe is better, only don’t

strike between the eyes. That part of

a sheep’s head is made to butt with

and I have seen an ordinary ewe stand

up under two strong blows from a

heavy axe, on this part of the head.

But a. downward blow on top of the

head, almost between the cars, will

do the busineSS quickly.



I generally repeat the blow after the

sheep is down to be sure unconscious-

ness is complete, then slip a. slab un-

der the head and chop it off as you

would a chicken’s, striking as close to

the head as possible. Then, when it

stops kicking, hang it up, skin and

dress as Mr. Hardy says. The head

being off there is no danger of taint-

ing anything, even if some stuff does

come out of the gullet, but it seldom

does. Keep plenty of clean warm wa-

ter at hand and if knife or hand touch-

es the wool rinse thoroughly before

letting it touch the flesh again.



I have dressed ewes of all ages and

conditions, some newly shorn, some

in full flleece, and only once was

there any rank flavor and that only

in one small portion. due to careless-

ness. A yearling ram also made first-

ciass meat. Have always taken them

fresh from pasture or feed rack, with-

out starving process to empty stom-

ach and bowels.





Eaton Co. STACY BROWN.





LIVE ‘STOCK N EWS.





 





Throughout the corn belt states

there is a fast growing disposition

among farmer-stockmen to retain

their good breeding heifers and cows,

with the view of restoring the cattle

breeding industry, and this accounts

for the real scarcity of choice little

yearling heifers on the Chicago mar-

ket week after week. It is certainly

time that beef cattle breeding was re-

stored to its normal proportions, and

while it is encouraging to learn that

the work has started it is going to take

a. long time to bring it about. Grade

cows are now selling in stock raising





districts. for $80 per. head, and late.





sales have taken place of Shorthorn,

Hereford and Angus calves at wean-

ing time from $30 $40 each.





 





 





 





3





a....-——-—I—~\____,





,, m.
" ' DEC. 25, 1915.





Ec‘onOmy of Liberal Feeding





Was beneficial, using up the energy‘





LADY remarked the other day

i that since she had fed her hens

enough so they had all they

would eat at night, and would not act

as though they were hungry, they

were not eating much more than they

had been before and they were laying

many more eggs. I was not surprised

for this is what I have been arguing

for several years. Hens that have

been kept on just a little short rations

will have a growing hunger that will

make them almost ravenous after

awhile and they will not lay anywhere

up to their capacity, but after they.

have been fed heavily for a few days

until their hunger has been appeased

somewhat they will drop back to their

normal ration, which is very often

just a little above what they were get-

ting when their hunger was never

satisfied.

insufficient Feeding Cause of Poor

Results.



I have investigated in several cases

where farm hens were not laying as

the owners were expecting them to,

and in every one of them I found the

hens were not getting enough feed at

all. One farmer said his hens would

eat a bushel of corn right down if he

would give it to them. I asked him

how many he had, and he thought

there were about fifty or sixty. Now

he did not feed them more than a gal-

lon of feed a day and complained all

the time because they were determin-

ed to eat with his pigs. His hens

were so hungry they would follow him

around when they saw him with a

feed vessel in his hand, and plead

ith him for something to eat, but he

thought they should hunt most of their

living. He remarked that his hens

were not paying their way at all, for

he got but few eggs and only when

the price was down. I asked him if

he would try to fatten his hogs or beef

cattle on half rations and he assured

me he would not expect them to do

anything if he did. He said the most

profit in cattle or hog fattening was

made where they were fed all they

would eat all the time. Even his milk

cows he would not think of stinting on

feed, for he said they would drop

down on their flow of milk if he did.

He was emphatic in his opinion that

cows would pay well for every parti-

cle of bran and chop he could get

them to eat. I tried to show him that

his hens would do the same if he

would give them a trial, and he decid-

ed to try it, but after several months

I visited the farm again and he was

still feeding his hens less than enough

to satisfy them, though he was feed-

ing much better than he had been do-

ing. He was getting better results,

but I tried to convince him he would

get yet better results if he would feed

the hens all they would eat all the

time, and balance the ration by the

use of meat meal in the winter time.

As he did not have a very large flock

and plenty of range the meat meal

was not necessary in the summer.



Protein Feed Necessary.



On another farm there was a flock

of between two and three hundred.

The farmer’s wife here tended to the

flock and she tried to feed them

plenty, but she did not feed any meat

meal in the summer. Her chicks did

not mature rapidly and often it took

four months to bring them to two or

two and a half pounds in weight. Her

hens would not lay as well as they

should, though they did fairly well,

and in winter they really did better

accordingly than in summer, for she

fed a mash that contained about one-

fifth meat meal. Having so many hens

they could not find enough bugs to go

round, and in their efforts to do so

they would run over a wide territory

and neglect their other feed. While

she fed them plenty of grain they did

not eat enough of it to produce the

eggs for the protein was deficient.

They 'also received more exercise than





'THE MICHIGAN FARMER





that should be expended in egg pro-

duction in chasing after elusive grass-

hoppers and beetles. When a hen has

to hunt over an acre lot to get a grass-

hopper she has no time to think of

laying eggs.



On another farm the hens looked

and acted as though they had never

known a square meal. The farmer’s

wife killed a couple of four or five

month old cockerels that were just as

near skin and bones as it was possible

for a chicken to be. I suppose they

would have weighed a pound and a

half, certainly they would not have

weighed more than two pounds, and

the meat was of very inferior quality.

That farmer said that his hens would

not lay at all except in the spring for

a month or two. This farmer prac-

tically wasted feed on that flock, for

he did not feed them enough to bring

any appreciable results, but he did

feed fully half as much as he would

have had to feed to have had them

doing their best.



Select for Egg Production.



Feeding settles itself into three de-

grees; less than enough to keep up

the normal flesh and bodily vigor;

enough for this but not enough for

any surplus egg production, and all

the hens will consume. Under the

first plan the whole flock is a con-

stant loss, for neither in meat or eggs

will the product be worth as much as

the feed consumed even though that

is less than it should be. By the sec-

ond plan there will be a normal pro-

duction of both meat and eggs, and it

will depend on the cost of feed if

there is any profit. Usually they will

break about even. The last plan is

the one followed by commercial poul-

trymen, and the only one where a

profit can be assured. With a steady

egg production winter and summer,

and a market that can only be devel-

oped when one has such a steady pro-

duction the profits are fairly certain.

My experience would indicate that a

dollar hen can be considered a good

average profit, and by planning to

start a large number of pullets to lay-

ing in the fall each season this aver-

age can be raised. Selection for egg

production and trapnesting the breed-

ers will help.



Kansas.





.—





BLACKHEAD.





L. H. COBB.





 





 





My turkeys are troubled with yel-

low diarrhea. They eat very little;

their heads turn black; they get very

weak and then die. I have done every-

thing I can for them. Can you sug-

gest something?



Emmett Co. Mrs. J. D.





The head and comb turning black,

and the diarrhea are symptoms of a

common turkey disease known as

blackhead.



It is a disease which affects the

liver and the intestines and it is one,

of the numerous poultry troubles

whose fundamental causes are im-

proper feeding and unsanitary sur-

roundings. The disease is quickly

fatal to turkeys and' has been the

cause in some localities of the discon-

tinuance of turkey raising.





The treatment consists of immedi-

ately isolating the sick birds, placing

them in a dry, well lighted and clean

place which is free from draughts.

Only easily assimilated soft food

should be given. Grain should be fed

sparingly, especially corn. Over-feed-

ing corn is the cause of many turkey

troubles. Medical treatment is of lit-

tle value in this disease.





Preventative measures are to keep

the birds on fresh ground, isolate all

birds not healthy, and, destroy all

dead birds. If the turkeys roost inside

or are confined, keep the ground and

the floor well sprinkled with lime. Be

sure that the feed, water and sur-

roundings are clean.





 





 





 





 





Weavers of Speech





Upon the magic looms of

the Bell System, tens of mil-

lions of telephone messages

are daily woven into a marvel-

ous fabric, representing the

countless activities of a busy

people.





Day and night, invisible

hands shift the shuttles to and

fro, weaving the thoughts of

men and women into a pattern

which, if it could be seen as a

tapestry, would tell a dramatic

story of our business and

social life.





in its warp and woof would

mingle success and failure,

triumph and tragedy, joy and

sorrow, sentiment and shop-

talk, heart emotions and mil-

lion-dollar deals.





The weavers are the 70,000

Bell operators. Out of sight of





‘

it“. AMERICAN 'TELEPHON





 





 





ii (i





 





 





 





 





 





 





ECO RN FOR SALE





We ofi'er for sale over liXMDO bushels good, sound.

clean-shucked, assorted ear corn. We also shl in car-





load shipments oats direct from our farms. rite for

quotations. The Northern Ohio Land 00., Paulding.0hio





One System





the subscribers, these weavers

of speech sit silently at the

switchboards, swiftly and skill-

fullyinterlacing the cords which

guide the human voice over

the country in all directions.





Whether a man wants his

neighbor in town, or some one

in a far-away state; whether the

calls come one or ten a minute,

the work of the operators is

ever the same—making direct,

instant communication every-

where possible.





This is Bell Service. Not

only is it necessary to provide

the facilities for the weaving

of speech, but these facilities

must be vitalized with the skill

and intelligence which, in the

Bell System, have made Uni-

versal Service the privilege of

the millions.





E AND TELEGRAPH {COMPANY





AND- ASSOCIATED COMPANIES





Universal Service





Rose Comb Brown Leghorn Cockercls

From Mad. Sq. and Mich. and Ohio State Fair win-

ners $1.50 each. CLAUDIA BETTS. Hill-dale. Mich,





 





 





 





RHODB ISLAND REDS and PLYMOU TH ROCKS.

Males 5 to 12 lbs. according to ageflto szP. R. hen-

weight 5 to 9% lbs.. eggs 15 for 81.00: P. R. eggs “per 100.

Mammoth Bronze Tom Turkeys. 8 to 38 lbs. according

to ace 88 to 82'), 10 8888 S3. A. E. Cramp ton. Vassar. Mich





 





C. and S. C. R. I. Red Cocksrels, W. Emden Geese

R. B. O. Ducks and White African Guineas. Fine

stock. Prices reasonable. 0. E. Hawley, Ludington.Mich





Silver laced Golden and White Wyandoilcs.c£fi:,§,.





a specialtyflircularl free. C.W.Browning. Portland, Mich.





 





 





 





POULTRY.

BARRED ROCKS-522?.“ 232385 “g“ifi

season. FRED ASTLING. Constantine. Mic igan

BOOK COOKERELS, large, farm





EMT“! 'lVMllllnll'l raised from prize winning flock. $3

each, two for $5. J. A. BARNDM, Union City. Mich.





Barred flock Bockcrels’m" “Edit“? lifi°€3““m’d"

W. . Coflman. R. 3, Benton I-farbgr; Mich.





 





Bradley strain $2.50 each or 2

Blind "00* Cullen's for 84. These are fline Birds.

Order at once. SAM STADEL. Chelsea, Michigan.





' A few exhibition Buff RockHens for

Bird lawn Fan". sale $8to $10each. S. C.Bufl Leghom

Oockerels $1.50 to 33. Blue Orpington Cocksrels$8to$10

each. Our Bufl' Rocks wnn threw firsts and one fifth Chicago

1914 on four entries. Bird Lawn Farm. Lawrence, Mich.





RED-TO-LAY R. C. Rhode Island Reds. Breedin

B Cockerels. A few extra good ones from Vibert, 25g

egg strain. J. C. Greene. St. Johns, Mich.





 





- —2oo Egg Strain. Ono customer's

FBWIS “Shams flock averaged 102 eggs in six winter

most, another 181 eggs in 10 mos, another 199 eggs in

12 mos. You can do as well. Eggs. chicks, breeding

stock from hens with records up to 264 eggs. Prize

winners at largest shows. Promp shipment, priceslow.



uality guaranteed. White Leghorns arebest fore gs.

{be raise thousands. Free cats 03 and price list ll ves

particulars. Write for it now. lfivears Bfélal'e dea in

thousands ofjpleased customers. FERR LEGHOR

FARM, 934 nion, GRAND RAPIDS. MIGH.





FOWLE S DUFF ROCKS. films’ti'itsefi

$1It0 53.} 1B H





n,

Wh to 0113 d 'Turkey Toms 35' hens 33,

R. . FOWLER, Hartford, Michigan.





Golden Wyandoilo cooks and coolimlsflfiozjiz

F. W. ALEXANDER. Vassar, Michlaan.





PINE CREST WHITE ORPINGTONS why wait un~

till Spring to urchase stock. bv buying now you

et the neflt "P reduced rates and get eggs all winter.



rs.Wiil Bough. Pine Crest Farm, Royal Oak. Mich.





 





QILVER WYANDOTTES. Lar e4 vigorous cockerels

k at $2. $3, from Blue Ribbon an bweepstake winners.

Triangle Poultry Yards, H. J. Gettings, Hillsdale.Mich.





 





tandard bred S. O. W. Leghorn Cockerels, Pure

White, five point combs. We wonlst cock. 2ndheri.

State Fair this year. Prices $2 to $25. Wishbone

Leghorn Farm. A. B. a J. M. Willey. n.6, Ann ArborJiich.





' a fine lot. male and femaleat

Wh'te Wyandotte low price and write your

wants. DAVID RAY. 202 Forest Ave., Ypsilanti.Mioh.





 





 





hite r. Rocks. Pekin and white runner ducks.

White guineas eggs and day old ducks and chicks,

H. V. HOSTE LER. St. Johns. Michigan.





 





White Holland turkeys for breeders.

Thoroughbred Muted or single birds. Hens $3 . Tom.

34. Hardy stock. Mrs. Ed. Coiling, R. F. D. Millinzton, Mich.





While Holland Turkeys. F‘T‘fimfias‘is‘ifioniiéli‘sysit‘tfi'





Alden Whitcomb. Byron Center; Michigan:





 





 





T : . .

Mammoth Bronze Turkey: will? 111.3%??? "33:33.3

White egg strain, sleach. Collar Bros,Conirlin.Micl»..R. 2.





CLOSING Out my White Indian Runner Ducks—~V. B.

Fishel strain. hese ducks cost me $5 a lace.

Ofl'ering while they last. Drakes $3; Ducks $2. rare

bargain. RIVERVIEW FARM, R. 2, Vassar, Mich.





Pekin and llonen Drakes ”'Oi’ofas‘ti‘oo?’ ‘

Sheridan Poultry Yards. Sheridan, Michigan.





————____________

DOGS





rox. coon. stun no man "noun—s





Brokehto un ”1:116 flelg. 8tPrice: right). Fox and

"e . In one y.

00°" (ml-ll. pc‘ipirrffi, ruderi’ckaburg, Ohio.





A





 





 





noun: FOB Honours: surmise:

W. I. “ClVa. cine-ville. Ohio
584—8





T H E MLC H I‘ G A N P: A aM E E





 





Annual Meeting 'of 'Sta‘té“Grahgég





LTHOUGH the State Grange vot-



ed against the present public



mental spasm—Preparedness—

Washtenaw County Pomona and the

city of Ann Arbor were entirely pre-

pared to receive the State Grange del-

egates after a short notice of six

weeks. The meeting was held in the

Hill Auditorium of the University

from December 14 to December 17 in-

clusive. The place was an ideal one

and the hosts did everything to make

it pleasant for the visitors. The Uni-

versity grounds and buildings were

outside attractions which alone made

the trip well worth while It gave the

Grangers an excellent opportunity to

become, better acquainted with their

state university.



The action of the Grange on the

matter of Preparedness was an indica-

tion of the stability and saneness of

rural thought. It indicated that the

farmer was not carried away by

brainstorms and therefore his influ-

ence in national affairs worked for

conservatism. The resolution passed

with reference to this prominent sub-

ject was neither favoring “peace at

any price” or extensive expenditures

for army and navy purposes. It sug-

gested that America already had a

good standing among nations with ref-

erence to naval and military strength,

and that we had better cling to the

present program, which was prepared

during times of calm thoughtf It was

suggested, however, that this govern-

ment could get much better results

out of the money expended for army

and navy purposes than they do at

present, and the consensus of opinion

was that the nation should make ev-

ery effort to do this. The resolution

as passed will be sent to all the Mich-

igan senators and representatives, and

it was urged that local Granges also

get up petitions to send to representa-

tives at Washington.



Other matters given prominence

were those of temperance, the new

state marketing law, and the tonnage

tax. Every temperance clause was

heartily supported, and the program

as a whole indicated that the Grange

is one of the potent factors in the de-

velopment of the prohibition spirit.

The Grange heartily endorsed the

work of the anti-saloon league, and

went on record as supporting a law

which would have as penalty for driv-

ing motor vehicles while drunk the

revoking of the license for the first

offense and for the second offense con-

viction without the privilege of paying

a fine. Its influence will be used to get

newspapers to refrain from using liq-

- uor advertisements.



The discussion with reference to the

new state marketing law was spirited.

One faction contended that the law

as it is now is not workable, but the





majority seemed to think that it was

nothing but fair to give the law and

the market commissioner a chance to

make good, this office having been in

operation only a few weeks before this

session of the State Grange. The reso-

lution favoring the changing of the

law so that the market commission-

er’s work would come under the con-

trol of the State Dairy and Food Com

missioner instead of under the Agri-

cultural College as it is at present,

was therefore laid on the table.



At the eleventh hour the tonnage

tax plan brought out interesting dis

cussions. Both these in favor of it

and those opposed to it were strongly

represented, but when the vote was

taken the majority were in favor of

the tonnage tax plan.



Among the other things which the

State Grange favored was the estalr

lishment of standard health require-

ments in rural schools, the providing

of visiting nurses and more and better

instruction in agriculture and domestic

science in rural school courses. The

establishment of a home economics

course at the University was also fav-

ored. 0n the matter of cooperation

the Grange voted to lend its assist-

ance to the organization of farmers’

co-operative societies. This was in no

way to interfere with the present

Grange contract system, but was fav-

oring the development of local coop-

erative enterprises, such as creamer-

ies, elevators, etc.



Strong for Rural Credits.



The enactment of a Federal rural

credit law having the following fea-

tures, a low rate of interest to be se-

cured either by long time government

loans direct to farmers or by govern-

ment land-backed bonds, amortization

of the loan in at least thirty years,

was favored. In case the federal gov-

ernment failed to enact such a law, it

was resolved that the Grange recom.

mend to the Legislature a law for the

governing of co-operative bank asso.

ciations which would have the follow-

ing features: No less than 25 mem-

bers, each stockholder to have one

vote regardless of the number of

shares he held, the capital stock divi-

dend be limited to seven per cent per

annum, and the remaining net profits

layig aside a reserve fund be distrib-

uted among members and customers

according to their patronage.



Among the resolutions passed were

those protesting against the present

rearrangement of the rural routes and

the free distribution of seeds, and

those favoring the Palmer-Owen child

labor bill, the creation of a public util-

ities commission to take the place of

the present railroad commission, and

the government ownership of tele-

phones.



The master’s address, given Tues-





day; afternoon, ewes tin; of many ”good





recommendations. With reference to

the subject of peace, he said that no

sane man would advocate action in

any business matter based upon sug-

gestions from a feverish, inflamed

mind, but today when some of our

greatest men are seeing red and talk-

ing about war preparations, it is time

for a conservative body as the Grange

to sound the strongest note it can to

hasty, ill-considered and extravagant

military and navy expenditures under

the plea of preparedness. His attitude

on this question was that the program

of military and naval extension plan-

ned out two years ago in times of

peace and clear thinking should be

our ideal now. Spending three-fifths

of our national income on war ac-

count and two—fifths on peace account

is a limit beyond which a republic

ought not to go. With reference to

the readjustment of the rural delivery

service, he said that by no possible

means can this branch of postal ser-

vice be made self-supporting, that the

motive of rural free delivery should

be service rather than profit. Any re-

adjustments made without careful

consideration of roads, weather con—

ditions and market centers are bound

to be unsatisfactory, and therefore the

Grange should ask a most painstaking

consideration of this matter by the

present Congress.





A matter of vital importance to the

welfare of the six and a half million

farmers of this country is that of rural

credits. While all the political parties

have declared for it, but the Grange

should stand back of such a law as

will serve the borrower rather than

the lender, .and will furnish promptly

an adequate credit for the six and a

half million farmers, and rates of in-

terest that are lower than the pre-

vailing ones and equal throughout the

country.





The Standard Grange.





The success of the plan of giving

premiums to individual members of

subordinate Granges for securing new

members and reinstatements led the

State Grange to enlarge upon the plan

and set into motion the standard

Grange idea. This idea was suggested

by that of the standard school which

is now so popular among rural schools.

Fifteen requirements are to be taken

as the basis for a standard Grange,

five of which will be fixed and ten op-

tional. To earn the title of Standard

Grange a subordinate Grange will

have to qualify in each of the five

fixed requirements and also in any six

of the ten optional requirements. The

State Grange will offer a suitable re-

ward to each Grange earning the title,

and it is expected that the plan will

prove a great incentive to better

Grange work for 1916.





(Continued next week).





 





galllnmmmmmmu .





 

 





lllllllllllllll J





a Farmers’ Clubs =





   





Emma





REP RTS T0 ASSOCIATIONAL

SECRETARY.





 





The secretaries of all local Farm-

ers’ Clubs who have not yet reported

to the associational secretary giving

Club statistics and other information

asked, should do so at once. All de-

linquent Clubs are requested to pay

dues promptly, and all Clubs which are

not at present members of the state

organization and wish to affiliate with

the State Association of Farmers’

Clubs will be welcomed into the or-

ganization at this time. Address the

the secretary for all necessary infor-

mation.



MRS. J08. S. Brown,

Howell, Mich.





)





 





TH E ASSOCIATIONAL M EETIN G.





 





(Continued from last week).



Our report as published in the last

issue covered the sessions devotedto

routine business and discussions, the

results of which were embodied in the

report. The subsequent sessions of

the meeting were most entertaining

and instructive and will doubtless be

dwelt on at greater length by the del-

egates present in reporting to their

respective Clubs.



The Tuesday afternoon session was

of particular interest to the ladies

present, including a talk on Home

Economics and extension work by

Miss Raven, of M. A. C.; a paper on

Literary Clubs and the Woman of the

Farm Home, by Mrs. H. W. Bumps,

of the Flushing Farmers’ Club, and

one on Michigan Birds, by Mrs. Edith

E. Munger, of Hart, while Miss Carol

Walton, of Ann Arbor, spoke on Mich-

igan’s Efiort to Prevent Tuberculosis.





The closing program was particular-

ly strong, including as it did an ad-

dress by the personal representative

of the Secretary of Agriculture, and.

another by the governor of the state,

following an address on the topic, "A

Fertile Soil Means a Prosperous Agri—

culture,” by W. H. Keddy, of the Long

Lake Farmers’ Club.



In results accomplished and in

promise for the future the past year

has been a notable one in the history

of the Farmers’ Club movement in

Michigan. There has been an unusual

interest in the movementbythose not

previously affiliated with the move-

ment, as shown by the number of

Clubs organized during the year, while

the plan advocated for promoting Club

extension during the coming year

promises still greater expansion be-

fore the date of the next annual meet—

ings.





 





Standing, left to right—George B. Horton, chairman

. Anderson, Flora; J. W. Hutch

tee; Mrs. L E. Corless, Pomona; C. H





' joy, assistant steward; Mrs. C.





treasurer; William Welsh, executive

Sitting, left to right—Mrs. 0. J.

Mrs. W. H. Lovejoy, L. A. Steward.





ins. executive committee;

. Bramble, overseer; C. S. Bartlett, executive committee;

committee; T. E. Niles, steward. - ' ' ‘



C. Woodman, chaplain; Hisa Jennie Bnell, secretary; John C. Ketcham, master; Mrs. Dora Stockman, lecturer;





Officers of the Michigan State Grange.

executive committee; N. P. Hull, executive committee; Peter Kiees, gatekeeper; W. H. Love

Miss Jennie Black, Ceres: W. F. Taylor, executive commit-

T. H. MeNaugton, executive committee; Frank Coward,





 





 





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. LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





/.I‘.z





 





wEEKLY.

Pals?





 

 





{ (gig f A: t 771”





groom





 

 





I'Yr‘

;.. {'7‘





-3? film





aZine Section





 





 





77:9 FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL J





 





 





 





 





 





 





Eris Magazine Section forms apart of our paper every week.





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





0 not imagine that the young

man who achieves success in

the world had every advantage

to start with, or that his ship had

smooth sailing always and was never

becalmed. Only a few of our great

men had the advantages of money and

education.

While in bed with pillows as a back-

rest, Robert Louis Stevenson wrote a

majority of his famous novels and es-





Some Self-Made Men





By CAROL





says. He was an invalid but he suc-

ceeded in spite of his difficulties.



Lord Nelson, the famous British ad—

miral, was the son of a minister whose

salary was not sufficient to support

his family.





C. CRAIN.





Bunyan, author of “Pilgrim’s Pro-

gress,” was a traveling tinker. He

suffered religious persecution and

wrote the book while imprisoned.





William T. Sherman, the noted mil-





itary leader, was the son of a widow





and was adopted and supported by his

father’s friend.



The English evangelist, Charles

Haddon Spurgeon, did not have a col-

lege education but his sermons were

published in many languages.



By curtailing his expenses for food,

Benjamin Franklin was enabled to

buy books which he diligently studied

both day and night.



Elihu Burritt became a great lingu-





llllllllIHI|llH|IlllllIIIlHI||Ilil|'lllHlIlHllllllHlHllHlllllHllllllililllilIiI!Hl|IHIIIIIHIIHIHIIIHIHIlllIll”HlI“!HllI|lIIIHIHIHIIIHIHHHIllllllIllIHHllIHHIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIll|IIHIIIll|IHIHIIIIIIIHIIIIHIIIIHIIIHIIIIHIIIIIHIIIIIIHHIIUHHIHHIHHHHHIIIHIIIIHHIIHIIIIHIIHIIIHHHHHIIIHHHII|||IIHHHIIIIHIIHIIIIHHIIHHHHHIIHHIIHHHIHiIIHHIIHHIIIHHIIHIIll”HHIIllll||lIIII||||IIIIHIIIIIIHHIHHHI lllllIlHlllHlllIIIIIHIIHIHHIIHHI





WORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES





 





Ice Skating is Sounding the Death

Knell of the Tango.





 





 





The Busy Season for Kris Kringle.





 





 





 





Biggest Sixteen- inch Gun in the World to be used at the Panama Canal is





.1.





Ready for Test at Sandy Hook.





 





Rep. Kitchen, Majority Leader in the





House of Representatives.





 





Austrian Machinists Devise Truck that may be used on Rails or Wagon

Roads for Transportation of War Munitions.





 





Scene at the Opening of the Sixty-fourth Congress as President Wilson was





Reading his Message.





Suffragists Gathered on East Steps of the Capitol Building at Washington





to Present Monster Petition to President Wilson.

Copyright by Underwood t Underwood. N. f.
586—10





ist by using spare moments as he

worked at the forge of his father’s

blacksmith shop. He studied well.



Abraham Lincoln read law by can-

dle-light, and at times he walked 20

miles to procure certain books which

he urgently desired.



These men were always eager to

learn what qualities produced great-

ness and success. Above all, they did

not lose sight of the fact that it is no





THE MICHIGA





disgrace to be born of a poor" or ”ob-

scure family, and this handicap oblig-

ed them to follow ways of industry.



Napoleon, the greatest soldier of

France, was poor and often out of em-

ployment in early life. At the zenith

of his power, he said: “My maxim

has always been—a career open to

talent without distinction as to blrt .”

Napoleon became great by his own

efforts.





 





Inmummlmnummmuul"1mmnIIuunmn1I1mnuum11mm"mmmmumvmmmmmmmmmmwmmm .

(Our New Serial Story)





L1ght of Western Stars





 





By ZAN





CHAPTER IV.—(Concluded).



“Well, if you want to know, and if

it’s any of your mix—yes; I was pret-

ty drunk," replied Stewart.



It was a. cool speech that showed

the cowboy in control of himself and

master of the situation—not an easy

speech to follow up with undue in-





 





quisitiveness. There was a short

silenCe.

,_,, “Confound it. Stewart," said the





vspeaker, presently. “Here’s tue situa-

tion. It’s all over town that you met

my sister last night at the station, and

—and insulted her. Jack's got it in

for you, and so have these other boys;

but it's my affair. Understand, I didn’t

fetch them here. They can see you

square yourself—or else; take your

medicine. Gene, you’ve been on the

wrong trail for some time, drinking

and all that. You’re going to the bad;

but Bill thinks, and I think, you’re

still a man. We never knew you to

lie. Now what have you to say for

yourself?”



“Nobody is insinuating that I am a

liar?" drawled Stewart.



“N0.”



“Well, I reckon I’m some glad to

hear that. You see, Al, I was pretty

drunk last night, but not drunk

enough to forget the littlest thing I

did. I told Pat Hawe so this morn-

ing, when he was curious; and that’s

some polite for me to be to Pat. Well,

I found Miss Hammond waiting alone

at the station. She wore a veil, but

I knew she was, a lady, of course. I

reckon, now I think of it, that Miss

Hammond found my gallantry some

startling, and—”



At this point Madeline, answering

to unconsidered impulse, eluded Flor-

ence and walked out upon the porch.

Sombreros flashed down and the lean

horses jumped.



“Gentlemen,” said Madeline, rather

breathlessly, and it did not add to her

calmness to feel a hot flush in her

cheeks, “I am very new to western

ways, but I think you are laboring un-

der a mistake, which, in justice to

Mr. Stewart, I want to correct. He

was rather—rather abrupt and strange

when he came up to me las. night,

but, as I understand him now, I can

attribute that to his gallantry. He

was somewhat wild and sudden and——

sentimental in his demand to protect

me, and it was not clear whether he

meant his protection for last night or

forever; but I am happy to say he of-

fered me no word that was not honor-

able. And' he saw me safely here to

Miss Kingsley’s home.”





 





CHAPTER V.



Madeline Hammond was alone in the

little parlor with the brother whom

she had hardly recognized.



“Majesty!” he exclaimed. “To think

of your being here!”



The warmth stole back along her

veins. She remembered how that pet

name had sounded from the lips of

this brother who had given it to her.



“Alfred!"



His words of gladness at sight of

her, his chagrin at having failed to

welcome her at the station, did not

recall old times as clearly as did his

brotherly embrace. Just so had he

clasped her on the day when he left

home, and she had not forgotten. But





 





E GREY





now he was so much taller and bigger,

so dusty and strange and diflerent

and forceful, that she could scarcely

think him the same man. She even

had a humorous thought that here

was anothencowboy bullying her, and

this time it was her brother.



“Dear old girl," he said, more calm-

ly, as he let her go, “you haven't

changed at all, except to grow love-

lier! Only you’re a woman now—‘—and

you’ve fulfilled the name I gave you.

How the sight of you brings back

home! It seems a hundred years since

I left. I mismd you more than all

the rest!"



With his every word Madeline seem-

ed to feel that she was remembering

him. She was so amazed at the

change in him that she could not be-

lieve her eyes. She saw a bronaed,

strong-jawed, eagle-eyed man, stal-

wart, superb of height, and, like the

cowboys, belted, booted, spurred.

There was something hard as iron in

his face, which quivered with his

words. It seemed that only in those

moments when the hard lines broke

and softened could she see resemb-





 





NFAFMFt





away. It pained her to ace him—pain-

ed her more to hear him.



In the succeeding few moments she

grew closer to her brother than she

had ever been in the past. Had her

father and mother done right by him?

Her pulse stirred with unwanted quick-

ness. She did not speak, but she kiss-

ed him, which, for her, was an indica-

tion of unusual feeling.



When he recovered command over

his emotions, he made no reference

to his breakdown. Nor did she; but

that scene struck deep into Madeline

Hammond's heart. Through it she

saw what he had lost and gained.





“Alfred, why did you not ansWer my

last letters?” asked Madeline. “I had

not heard from you for two years.”



“So long? How time flies! Well,

things went bad with me about the

last time I heard from you. I always

intended to write some day, but I nev-

er did.”



"Things went wrong? Tell me.”



“Majesty, you mustn’t worry your-

self with my troubles. I want you to

enjoy your stay, and not be bothered

with my difliculties.”



“Please tell me. I suspected some-

thing had gone wrong. That is partly

why I decided to come out.”





“All right—if you must know," he

began; and it seemed to Madeline

that there was a gladness in his de-

cision to unburden himself. “You re-

member all about my little ranch, and

that for a while I did well raising

stock? I wrote you all that. Majesty,

a man makes enemies anywhere. Per-

haps an eastern man in the west can

make, if not so many, certainly more

bitter ones. At any rate, I made sev-

eral, There was a cattleman, Ward

by name—he's gone now—and he and

I had a little trouble over cattle. That

gave me a pretty serious backset. Pat

Hawe, the sherifi here, has been in-





! ‘1"? IWIWWWWWHMMWWWMHWWWIWNIll.“





Chr1stmas-By1 A. KAISER





 





The Bells, glad bells are a-ringing,

In a world of steeples swung;

The songs, glad songs a-singing

In the lands of every tongue.

And round the firesides gleaming

In a world of happy homes,

With gladsome greetings teeming,

The returning Christmas comes.





0 time bedecked and freighted

With the thoughts of days of yore!

0 day with past days mated

And the friends that are no more!

Thy very griefs we cherish;

Down the vista of the years

The sharpest sorrows perish,

And a smile shines o’er our tears.





O circles snappw and broken

Since the holly last was there



And “Merry Christmas” spoken!

0 ye homes with empty chair!



The bells, glad bells are ringing

In a world of steeples swung;



The souls, glad souls are singing

In a life forever young.





0 homes where yet unbroken



Once again the circle forms

With smile and loving token,



From a year of life's rough storms‘

Swift time is silent winging,



Keep alive love's roses fair





' With bud and blossom springing





Ere the sad and empty chair.





mmummnmmummmmum:um111mmIIuummuuummmmmmmmmlmuuunuuuunnnm1|n11mmuII1n1I111Im1mm:1mummmmmummmmmtmuummmmumlmmu





lance to the face she remembered. It

was his manner, the tone of his voice,

the tricks of his speech, that proved

to her he was really Alfred.



She had hidden good-by to a dis-

graced, disinherited, dissolute boy.

Well she remembered the pale, hand

some face with its weakness and shad-

ows and careless smile, with the ever-

present cigarette hanging between the

lips. The years had passed and now

she saw him a man. The west had

made him a man! Madeline Ham-

mond felt a strong, passionate glad-

ness and

check to her suddenly inspired hatred

of the west.



“Majesty, it was good of you to

come. I’m all broken up. How did

you ever do it? But never mind that

now. Tell me about that brother of

mine."



Madeline told him, and then about

their sister Helen. Question after

question he fired at her. ,She told him

of her mother; of Aunt Grace, who

had died a year ago; of his old friends,

married, scattered, vanished. But ‘she

did not tell him of his father, for he

did not ask.



Quite suddenly the rapid-fire ques-

tions ceased. He choked, was silent

for a moment, and then burst into

tears. It seemed to her that, a long-

stored-up bitterness was flooding





     





strumental in hurting my business.

He’s not so much of a rancher, but

he has influence at Santa Fe and El

Paso and Douglas. I made an enemy

of him. I never did anything to him.

He hates Gene Stewart, and I spoiled

a little plot of his to get Gene into his

clutches; but the real reason for his

animosity toward me is that he loves

Florence, and Florence is going to

marry me.”



“Alfred!”



“What’s the matter, Majesty? Didn’t

Florence impress you favorably?" he

asked, with a keen glance.



“Why, yes, indeed. I like her, but

I did not think of her in relation to

to you—in that way. I am greatly

surprised. Alfred, is she well born?

What connections?"



“Florence is just a girl of ordinary

people. She was born in Kentucky

and brought up in Tens. My aristo-

cratic and wealthy family would

scorn—"



Alfred, you are still a Hammond,”

said Madeline, with uplifted head.



Alfred laughed.



“We won‘t quarrel, Majesty. I re-

member you, and in spite of your

pride you've got a heart. If you stay

here a month, you'll love Florence

Kingsley. I want you to know that

she’s had a great deal to do with

straightening me up. Well". to go on





with " mystory ”





...'l‘.here;’s.Don Carlos, 3.

Mexican rancher, and he's my worst

enemy. He’s also an equally bitter

enemy to Bill Stillwell, who is my

friend, and one of the finest men on

earth. I got in debt to Don Carlos be-

fore I knew he was so mean. In the

"first place, I lost money at faro—I

gambled some when I came west—-

and then I made unwise cattle deals.

Don Carlos is a wily greaser, he

knows the ranges, he has the water,

and he is dishonest. So he outflgured

me, and now I am practically ruined.

He has not got possession of my

ranch, but that’s only a matter of

time, pending lawsuits at Santa Fe.

At present I have a few hundmd cat~

tle running on Stillwell’s range, and I

am his foreman.”



“Foreman?” queried Madeline.



"I' am simply boss of Stillwell's cow-

boys—and right glad of my job, too!”



“Isn’t it possible to reclaim your

property?” Madeline asked. “How

much do you owe?”



“Ten thousand dollars would clear

me and give me another start; but,

Majesty, in this country that’s a good

deal of money, and I haven’t been

able to raise it. Stillwell’s in worse

shape than I am, I’m sorry to say."



Madeline went over to Alfred and

put her hands on his shoulders.



“We must not be in debt!”



Hestaredatherasifherwords

had recalled something long forgotten.

Then he smiled.



“How imperious you are! I'd mr-

gotten just who my beautiful sister

really is. Majesty, you’re not going

to ask me to take money from you?"



“Well, I’ll not do it. I never did,

even when I was in college, and then

there wasn’t much beyond me.”



“Listen, Alfred," she went on, car-

nestly. “This is entirely diflerent. I

had only my allowance then. You

don't know that since I last wrote to

you I have come into my inheritance

from Aunt Grace. It was—well, that

doesn't matter; but I haven’t been

able to spend half the income. It’s

mine. It's not father's money. You

will make me very happy if you will

consent. Alfred, I’m so—so amazed

at the change in you! I’m so happy!

You must never take a backward step

from now on. What is ten thousand

dollars to me? Sometimes I spend

that H. a month. I throw money away.

If you let me help you, it will be doing

me good as well as you. Please,

Alfred!”



He kissed her, evidently surprised

at her earnestness; and indeed, Mad-

eline was surprised herself. Once

started, her speech had flowed.



“You always were the best of fel-

lows, Majesty! If you really care—if

you really want to help me—I'll be

only too glad to accept. It will be

fine! Florence will go wild! Majesty,

pretty soon some titled fellow will be

spending your money. I may as well

take a little before he gets it all," he

finished, jokingly.



“What do you know about me?” she

asked, lightly.



“More than you think. Even if we

are lost out here in the wooly west,

we get news. Everybody knows about

Anglesbury; and there's that Lord

Castleton, who has the running now,

I understand. How about it, Majesty?”



Madeline detected a hint that sug-

gested seem in his gay speech; and

deep in his searching glance'she saw

a flame. She became thoughtful. She

had forgotten Castleton—New York—'—

society.



“Alfred,” she began, seriously, “I





don't believe that anyone with a title





will ever spend my money, as you ele-

gantly express it."





“Confound the money! I don’t care ,





for that! It’s youl'he cried passion-





ately, and grasped her with a violence _





that startled her. He was white; his

eyes were like fire. “You are so splena

did—so wonderful! People. called you





the American beauty. but you’re more





(Continued on page . 588).





 





u
13310.25, 1915.





|—.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER ‘ , Ill—587'.





ElIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII||IIIII||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|III|I|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|III|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIEt

i ’ N d S

E . t E

ELand O 0 ones.E

E , By HOWARD T. KNAPP g

5 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIH|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIII||IIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE





Ants That Fly





H-H-H look, Tinker, there are a



lot of flying ants,” cried Billy



Be By Bo Bum as the tunnel

leading down. into the underground

city made a sharp turn and they ran

smack into a whole troop of ants with

beautiful, gauze wings folded neatly

on their backs.



“Yes, yes, I know, but there is noth-

ing unusual about that,” replied the

merry little elf without even glancing

at the new arrivals. “The city is full

of these useless fellows, and you will

see thousands and thousands of them

before you have been here an hour.”





“Well, I never saw one before, and

you haven’t'told me what kind of ants

they are,” persisted Billy. “Are they

a different tribe from the others?”



“Not at all,” replied Tinker. “They

are merely the royal brothers and sis-

ters of every ant in the city.”



“But why don’t the other ants have

wings’ and why do- you call them

'royal?”



“My, but you can ask a lot of ques-

tions," laughed Tinker, “but that is

the way to find out about things you

don’t understand. I call these winged

ants ‘royal’ because every one of the

females will some day become a queen

and have a city of her own, while the

winged males will be their husbands

-—for a day or two. While they are

young they live here in the home city

with the workers, but some day they

will have to leave home and strike

out for themselves and found new cit-

ies. So to ehable them to make the

journey easily, Old Mother Nature,

who is always thinking up ways to

help her children, has given them

wings. But as the workers stay at

home and take care of the city and

never go on long journeys, they do

not need wings, so they are born with-

out them.”



“Then the workers are really a dif-

ferent kind of ant from their winged

brothers and sisters?” asked Billy.



“They are and they aren’t,” Tinker

replied. “You see, Billy Boy, there

are really three kinds of ants hatch

out from the eggs laid by the Queen

Mother. First there are the true fe-

males, little princesses who will grow

up to be queens and rear families and

have a city of their own. Then there

are the males, the men ants, who nev-

er do any work and whose sole mis-

sion in life is to marry the princesses,

and last of all there are the workers,

who are neither male or female, for

they are unable to lay eggs.”



“Don’t the young princesses or the

men ants do any work at all?” asked

Billy in surprise.



“Nary a bit,” replied Tinker, nod-

ding his head so hard that the weeny

copper kettle he wore for a hat bounc-

ed up and down at a great rate. “Until

they are old enough to leave home

and shift for themselves, they do noth-

ing but play from morning until night.

They are the most helpless creatures

alive, and the most lazy. They depend

on the workers for everything, even

to feeding and Washing them, and as

there are thousands and thousands of

these helpless fellows in the city, you

can just imagine how hard the work-

ers have to labor to care for them and

do all their own work, too.



“There is so much work to be done

about the city that the ants could nev-

er begin to do it all if they didn’t have

such a perfect organization. Each ant

or group of ants has its own particu-

lar task to do, and they all work to-

gether, each helping the other, so that

in the course of. a day they accom-

plish a great amount of work.



“Hundreds of ants are constantly

engaged in enlarging the city by build-





' ing new galleries. Others act as nurse-





maids for the thousands of baby ants

and care for the eggs laid by the

Queen Mother. Of course, these ants

are too busy to go out to the harvest

fields and gather their own food, so

the troops of foragers we met in the

oat forest and on the road have to

gather enough food for the workers

in the city as well as for themselves.

So you see they do not have much

time to waste. But come on, we must

hurry or the queen will get tired of

waiting for us.”



And next week I’ll tell you how Bil-

ly met the Queen of the Ants.





I WONDER.





 





BY xpOLLos LONG.



I’ve wondered long, I wonder yet

How Santa on his yearly call



Gets an the housetop, dry or wet,

And down the flue without a fall?





I see his picture year by year,



He always looks so neat and trim,



wonder how he can get thru,



Andh‘ have no black soot stick to

1m?





H





I hung white stockings just to see,

But not a speck of soot could find,

I wonder how he gets all black

And don’t leave any mark behind?





Another thing that troubles me,

We have a furnace that is new,

And do you think he’ll find the way,

And come up by the hot- -air flue?





How can he bring so many things?

I fear he uses magic art,



F01 once I know he mm to me

A pony and a pony ca1t.





Of couise, he did not. put them in

My stocking, that was far too small,

And so he left them at the barn,

I found the pony in the stall





How can he bring such heavy things?

He has to early them so far,

From the north pole, why just last

year

He brot a great big touring car.





I’d think his team would get a fright,

You know that deer aie timid things



It’ s queer they me not flightened at

Some of the stuff that Santa brings.





I wonder if they’d run away

And spill the load from night till

morn,

If Santa’s boys, on mischief bent

Should beat a drum, or toot a horn.





There’s lots of things I want to know

About the why, and where, and

when

Of things I do not understand,

There are so many more, and then





His sleigh has runners you can see,

But they must be of magic kind;

It’s funny, too, about the deer,

F01 neithe1 leaves a track behind.





I thot I found one by the gate,



And followed hard upon the track,



Perhaps I’d find him on the road,

And if I did I’d bring him back.





1 Ian, I guess, a half a mile,

And then I saw a team ahead,





I looked. then turned and started

back—-

’Twas Tommy with his goats and

sled!





But still I know that Santa comes,

Altho I neve1 had a peep



At team, or sled, or jolly Saint,

He comes when children are asleep.





THOUGHTS OF THINKERS.





 





Education will not make people hap-

py unless it is directed into useful

channels. —Lord.



If you would not be known to do a

thing, never do it. —Emerson.



Talents are absolutely nothing to a

man except he have the faculty of

work along with them. —Lowell.



The blessed work of helping the

world forward happily does not wait

to be done by perfect men. —George

Eliot



Despotism is a legitimate mode of

government in dealing with barbar-

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actually effecting that end. —Mill.





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THE-"MICHIGAN'FA‘"’R"M’ER’





The Land of





H, mother dear, I wish we had

0 our old farm back again, down



south. We were so happy there

ad had such good times.”



My little boy and I were sitting in

the twilight near the stove, resting af-

ter a day of strenuous work. '



“Yes, honeyboy, I wish we were

back there, too, among our old friends

especially now at Christmas time. It

it pretty lonely in a big, strange city,

but we will make the best of it, you

and I, dear.”



“Say, Mother, do they have farms

in Sweden, too, where you came from?

Maybe it is too cold to raise anything

there.”



“Why, dear, it isn’t much colder

there than in Michigan, and we could

raise almost anything but corn and

watermelons at home and I lived very

near the Arctic circle, too.”



“Mother, tell me something about

your home, dearest, you always said

it was so beautiful there.”



“Well, sonny, it is beautiful, no mat-

ter at what time of the year you see

it, but I like best to go there at the

spring of the year, when the snow is

'melting and the trees are budding

and the farmers begin to make ready

for the spring plowing.”



“The days are getting longer and

longer and it seems like the sun is

afraid to go to rest, she has so much

to do during the short summer time.

She must help the farmer ripen the

barley and rye, the oats and wheat,

to say nothing about the potatoes, tur-

nips and all the other kind of vege-

tables, same as we grow in this

country.”



“But have you just as fine fruit as

we have here?"



“Yes, dear, it grows just as sweet

and delicious as here. We have fine

apples, pears and cherries, and lucious

berries such as currants, gooseberry,

strawberry, raspberry and the- wild

blueberry, cranberry, and many other

kinds not growing in this country. In

the southern part of Sweden we can

even grow plums, peaches, grapes, and

walnuts and hazelnuts are growing

wild in many parts of the country.



“Don’t you think, my boy, that this

is a pretty good crop fiom the land of

snow and ice?”



“But it is also the land of the “Mid-

night Sun,” where there is light both

night and day and everything is grow-

ing so fast you can almost measure

the growth by inches during a night.



“But the farmer does not depend al-





 





 





l 0-Day FREE TRAIL Coupon 154





I would like toknow more about the Aladdin and your |





| Easy Delivery Plan. undu' which inexperienced men with

rigs make ti; money without capital. This in no WI!





Name .. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .. . ....





obligates me. I





Alldtose............ ...........





 





WANTED-HonestEurgeliggeg





in every county to sell our b line of

farmers. EXPERIE. CE OT

fully instruct you. Farmers, laborers. mechanl

men willing to work can ma. ke



$1000 to $3000 a Year

bundling our big sellers. Exclusive territory given. We

furnish you the capital. You furnish the team to carry

the goods. Be your o.vn boas in a pleasant, permanent

and profitable busiueu. Write at once for full particu-

nrs, giving age and occupation.





THE. DUOFORM COMPANY.





i

ESSARY. We

es. or any





   

 





   





O 4‘





Ho (Inter oven if rol

. Ono’t ll. K around

eprde cpl





 





Fill It Only Once A‘Week

Clunltonlyonceoiefl' No £2.53”.





together on his fields for his living.

On every farm there is always a herd

of good milch cows, besides sheep,

‘goats, hogs and some poultry.



“After midsummer, up in the north,

they always bring the cattle up to the

mountains and keep them there dur~

ing the summer, grazing the rich veg-

etation on the mountain plain. The

girls who tend the cattle have a busy

time up there, caring for the milk and

making it into butter and different

kinds of cheese, which later on are

brought down to the farm and sent to

market.



“In the meantime the farmer is busy





 





N ‘harvesting his crops, first of all hay,





clover, timothy. vicker, etc, after that

comes the grain crop and later on in

the fall potatoes and other under-

ground vegetables.



“The more well-to-do farmer uses

upto-date machinery such as We see

in this country, some of it is import-

ed, but most of it is manufactured in

Sweden. In many villages where the

farms are small, the farmers buy a

set of machinery and use it all in

turn, each one helping the other.



“When harvest time is over and

winter days are coming, another busy

time begins for the farmer out in the





 





woods where he cuts timber and hauls





 





mum llcflmhmmumgh mornmlu to the mills. Charcoal burners





i





the Reindeer?





By DR. B. N. OXENIUS.





make ready their supplies, because

charcoal is a very important article

for the blacksmith and‘the foundries.



“In the farm house the women, be-

sides attending to their household

duties, feeding and milking the cows,

are quite busy spinning wool and flax

to yarn and from one of the side

chambers you can always hear the

loom going, where the yarn is made

into bolts of linen or durable home-

spun clothes.



“Before Christmas time we always

had a week of butchering, curing and

smoking the meat for winter supplies

and baking the dry, hard rye bread

without which no housewife could get

along.



“In the evening after the chores are

done and the whole family gathers

around the open fireplace, the girls

with the spinning wheels or their knit-

ting and the men either mending

some tools or fixing some new ones,

then you will realize that ydh have

come to the land of the “Sagas and

songs.’



“Then some old grandmother will

tell you some wonderful story of folk-

lore, of the fairies and “Tomte-Nisse,”

the little invisible dwarf man whois

so very fond of mischief but always

helps the one in need.



“After a while maybe one of the

boys takes down the old fiddle from

the wall and plays one of those lively

folk-dances that makes your feet move

in spite of yourself. How could“

you help it? Or maybe he would play

some of those wonderful folk melod-

ies, old as the mountain and the river,

but always in a minor key and the

melody goes right down in your heart

and makes you homesick when you

think of it, and awaken a longing in

you for the wonderful springtime in

the Northland.



“Then comes the blessed Yuletide.

Well you will know What a real Christ-

mas is if you have spent one with me

in the land of the reindeer.



“Early on Christmas morn between

three and four o’clock you have to be

up because it is far to the church,

many miles away, and the sleigh is

ready and the horse, shaking the mer-

ry sleighbells, tells you to hurry up.



“After a bounteous breakfast, you

are bundled in furs up to the top of

your head, because it is very cold.

The snow and the stars are shining

like brilliants, lightening up the dark

woods you have to travel through for

miles and miles.



“In every house you pass there are

lighted candles in the windows like

so many bright eyes calling to you a

silent Merry Christmas. And now you

are here at the church, so bright and

cheerful with the many lights and

candles and Christmas trees on each

side of the altar.



“From the organ peals forth the old,

beautiful hymn, “Be Greeted blessed

Christmas Morn,” and you can almost

see the Christ child stand there with

his hands stretched out over all the

people and join in the singing, “Peace

on earth, good will towards men.



“This is the Yuletide in the land of

the reindeer and the land of the Mid-

night sun.”





mnumuIlummmumnmmmmmummmmmmm

LIGHT OF WESTERN STARS.





(Continued from page 586).





than that. You’re the American girl!

Majesty, marry no man unless you

love him, and love an American. Stay

away from Europe long enough to

learn to know the men—the real men

of your own country!”



“Alfred, I know what too many of

those international marriages are, and

I hope that Helen does. I am afraid

she'll be miserable if she marries An-

glesbury.”





 





one. 25, 1915.





. "It’ll serve her just right!" declared

her brother. “Helen was always crazy

for' glitter and adulation." "



“Anglesbury is a gentleman, but it

is money that he wants, I think. Al-

fred, tell me how you came to know

about me, away out here? You may

be assured I was astonished to find

that Miss Kingsley knew me as Majes-

ty Hammond!”



“I dare say it was a surprise,” he

replied. with a laugh. "I told Flor-

ence about you, and gave her your

picture. Of course, being a woman,

she showed the picture and talked.

She’s in love with you. Then, my





'dear sister, we do get New York pa-





pers out here occasionally, and 'We

can see and read. You may not be

aware that you and your society

friends are objects of intense interest

in the U. S. in general, and the west

in particular. The papers are full of

you—and perhaps a lot of things you

never did!”



“That Mr. Stewart knew, too. He

said, ‘You’re not Majesty Hams

mond?"’



“Confound his impudence!” exclaim-

ed Alfred, and then again he laughed.

“Gene is all right, only you’ve got to

know him. I'll tell you what he did.

He got hold of one of those newspaper

pictures of you, and, in spite of Flor-

ence, he wouldn’t fetch it back. It

was a picture of you in a riding-habit

with your blue-ribbon horse, White

Stockings—remember? It was taken

at Newport. Well, Stewart tacked the

picture up in his bunk-house, and nam-

ed his beautiful horse Majesty. All

the cowboys knew it. They would see

the picture and tease him unmerci-

fully; but he didn’t care. One day I

happened to drop in on him, and found

him just recovering from a carouse. I

saw the picture, too, and I said to

him:



“ ‘Gene, if my sister knew you were

a drunkard, she’d not be proud of

having her picture stuck up in your

room!’



“He swore, and asked me if I

thought you’d be proud of. it if he

didn’t drink. Of course I told the sim-

ple fellow yes. Majesty, he didn't

touch a drop for a month; and when

he did drink again, he took the pic-

ture down, and he has never put it

back.”



Madeline smiled at her brother's

amusement, but she did not reply.

She found it difficult to adjust herself

to these queer, free, western ways.

Her brother had eloquently pleaded

with her to keep herself above a bril-

liant but sordid marriage, yet he not

only allowed a cowboy to keep her

picture in his room, but actually

spoke of her and used her name for

a temperance lecture.



Madeline could not wholly repress

a feeling of disgust; and yet she could

not help sympathizing with her broth-

er in his naive gladness over the sub-

tle suggestion which persuaded Stew-

art to be good for a month.





Something made up of Stewart’s in-

solence to her; of Florence Kingsley’s

frank reception of her as an equal, of

the elder sister’s slow, quiet, easy ac-

ceptance of this visitor who had been

honored at royal courts; of that faint

hint of scorn in Alfred’s voice, and

his amused statement in regard to her

picture and the name Majesty—some-

thing made up of all these stung

Madeline Hammond's pride, alienated

her for an instant, and then stimulat—

ed her intelligence, excited her inter-

est, and made her resolve to learn

more about this incomprehensible

west.



(Continued next week).





 





I JAN. 6-4. JAN. 16. If

those dates are on your

name clip on this paper. no-

less you have lately renow-

od this Issue will be your

last. Unless you have re-

newod we wish you might

soon. Thank You.





 





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DEC.25,1915. ‘ ~ : THE;_MIC-HIGAN FARMER - 13—589





   





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AKE the hardest problem on your farm——

the thing that’s costing you money because

you don’t know What to do about it.





 





   

 





F Maybe it’s a poor crop, or a pest, or sick yr

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Slt down now and wrlte us about it. M)

a , We’ll put your question up to one of our 100 is

experts— actual practical farmers and well-

(known authorities. :3

It costs yau nothmg

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free. M pay the expert’s bill.

When you have done what he advises, and an

have satisfied yourself that our help has saved 3%?

you money—$2, or $10, or $100—then if on ml

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DEC. 25, 1913.





 





 





 





 





: V‘6Iflfll] £1113 HCI' life/Cay





At Home and Elsewij ere





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Michigan’s Happy Babies





Scarlet Fever.





F all the so-called children’s dis-

eases none is more dreaded by

most parents than scarlet fever.



Not that the disease in itself is so

alarming, nor necessarily fatal, but

because it is so apt to leave behind

weaknesses which cling to the child

for years, possibly through life. Eye

troubles, deafness, affections of the

throat, lungs, heart and kidneys, often

follow even mild cases of scarlet fev-

er, and it is because of these after-

effects that the disease is so dreaded.

Many deaf mutes can trace their af-

fliction to an attack of scarlet fever.



,While scarlet fever is a contagious

disease, children are not so suscep-

tible to it as they are to measles. Sta-

tistics show that only about one-half

of the children exposed catch the dis-

ease. Very little babies seldom con-

tract it, but from infancy up to five

years the susceptibility increases, di-

minishing after the fifth year.



A great many ideas are afloat as to

how the disease is spread. It seems

to be generally admitted that it is not

conveyed by the patient’s breath, but

by the excretions from the body, mu-

cuous, perspiration, urine, etc., and by

the scales in desquamation, or “peel-

ing” as it is popularly called. Nowa-

days the patient is always carefully

isolated and the house quarantined,

but it is rare indeed that a person

who does not come in contact with

the patient, spreads the disease, even

though living all the time in the same

house. It is often spread by milk tak-

en from the infected house, and some-

times by flowers from the sick room.

The nurse often, and doctor occasion-

ally spread the disease as they come

in direct contact with the patient.



The first symptoms of the disease

may usually be noticed in from two to

six days after exposure, though in

some cases three weeks elapses be-

tween exposure and the outbreak of

the disease. The usual symptoms

are first, sore throat, rising tempera-

ture, headache, vomiting, followed in

from 12 to 36 hours by a rash. This

rash consists of tiny red points, ap-

pearing usually first on the neck and

spreading over the face and body.

Sometimes the whole body is covered,

though very often the eruption is

slight, appearing only in the groins

and over the thighs and buttocks.



The rash lasts from three to seven

days, then disappears. This is follow-

ed soon afterwards by desquamation.

This disquamation, or peeling, is one

of the most important characteristics

of the disease. In many cases the

other symptoms are so unpronounced

and the rash so slight or altogether

missing that it is only when the child

begins to desquamate that the phy-

sician can be really sure he has a

case of scarlet fever. Instances have

been known where the disease was

diagnosed as acute indigestion in the

beginning, but desquamation began in

a week and lasted over a period of

seven weeks.



The peeling on the face and trunk

is usually only in the form.of fine

scales and if the patient is bathed

frequently it is scarcely noticeable.

0n the hands and feet, however,

where the skin is thick, it is much

more pronounced, sometimes the sole

of the foot coming off almost entire.





The patient should be kept isolated

as long as this is going on, as these

scales will spread the disease. It

must not be forgotten, however, that

the mucus from the throat and nose

will spread it just as surely. All gauze

used should be burned and the patient

not allowed to expectorate except in

sputum boxeswhich can be burned,

or in receptacles which are carefully

disinfected. Cases where a catarrhal

affection follows the disease should

be carefully watched as long as the

catarrhal symptoms continue.



It is very rare that a person has

two attacks of scarlet fever, though

there are a few instances where this

occurs. Relapses often occur, usually





during desquamation. These are often

milder than the first attack, though

sometimes they prove fatal.



With the first symptoms of the dis-

ease the mother should send for the

best physician within reach and abide

religiously by all his directions. Even

in the mildest cases there is danger

of inflammation of the kidneys or

trouble with the ears which may lead

to deafness. The early spmptoms of

these disorders can only be detected

by a physician, and no matter how

slight the rash or little the rise in

temperature, a good physician should

be in attendance.



Of course, not every attack of scar-

let fever is followed by after compli-

cations. There are cases where deli-

cate children are much stronger after

an attack of scarletina "than ever be-

fore. Butknowing the danger every

mother should watch for it. DEBORAH.





IlllllllllIIllilllll|IHHIIIHIl|HIIIIEilllllllI“lllllllll|IHHIIIHIHIIHHIIIHllllllllll||llllllllll|llIIHIIIHH|HIIHIIllllIlllllllHl|IIHHIHIIIIIIIHIIIHHIIHHIHIHHIIIlllllllllllllHIIIIIHIIIHIIIHHlllHHHHHIIHIIIHHIHHIIHIIIII





The One World Day





NCE more the day of days. For,

however we regard it, as an old

pagan festival or as the birth-



day of him who “came to seek and to

save that which is lost," we can not

get away from the influence of the

Christmas spirit. “Peace on earth

and good will to man” is in the air,

and whether we will or no, we are

subconsciously affected by it. Believ-





er and unbeliever observe the day and.





wish each other a “Merry Christmas”

with equal heartiness.



Whoever started the day, old pagan

or early Christian, we are glad it was

done, and glad that the brotherhood

feeling has kept it alive and handed

it down through the ages. Its spirit

has been sadly warped at times when

men and women gave only because

they hoped to receive again. But now

that a broader feeling of humanity

prevails, when bands of “good fellows”

have taken up the needs of the poor

and made it a day to do for the desti-

tute instead of giving to prosperous

friends, we rejoice that the message

of love has been handed down.



A better Christmas spirit prevails.

Time was when the churches had a

tree loaded with presents for the faith-

ful members and their families. Now





they tell their members, young and

old, to come bearing gifts for those

who would otherwise receive none.

The children hand to Santa Claus

their cherished toys or warm clothing

to give to other less fortunate little

ones, and themselves go empty-hand-

ed from the churches. And it is not

the broken toys and discarded gar-

ments which are handed over. Even

the children have caught the true

Christmas spirit and give of their best.



So, instead of the old Christmas

where for days and weeks ahead, we

were haunted by the fear that we

might overlook someone who would

give to us, and for weeks after we

were harried by the Christmas bills

still unpaid, we have come into a

blessed holiday time, where we give

what we can afford to those we know

can never make returns, which is the

only true giving after all. Without

any talk about it we have arrived at

a safe and sane Christmas. A Christ-

mas which is indeed a merry one, be-

cause we have the consciousness of

having done good and lack the worry

of having overdone.



\Ve are brothers with all, and for

one day at least the old world knows

“Peace, good will to men.” DEBORAH.





IIIHHIIlIHlIHHIIHIIIIHIHIHIIIH|l||||HHIIHHIIIlllllHllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllll|IIllllllllllllllllllllllllliHIHIHHIIIIIHHHIlIiilllNIHHIHHHlHIIHHHHHHIHHHIIHHIIHIIIIIHlIllHIIIIHHIHIHHHIIHIHHIIIHN





With Paint Pot and Brush





By R. s. MILLER.





HERE are few things that add



more to the neatness of a home



and buildings than fresh finish-

ings. Few of us have the new dull,

natural finished wood, because old

houses predominate and the old house

seems a rather hopeless proposition,

when it comes to any redecorating,

and yet the woman with a little taste

and not an undue endowment of “el-

bow grease,” in conjunction with a

paint pot and brushes, may accom-

plish wonders.



This has just been discovered by

the Young Person. She set to work

one day with a linoleum finish, for

she couldn’t seem to get anyone else

interested in it. The work went along

so rapidly that she was‘quite delight-

ed with it. She declared it easier to





put on the fresh finish than to clean

the floor, and it really seemed to get

done about as quickly as a floor could

be- washed, although, of course, the





washing had to be done before the fin-

ish should be applied. The linoleum

finish saves a great deal of wear on

the linoleum and more than pays for

itself in that one way, let alone the

satisfaction of having the linoleum

look fresh and clean again. If, this

linoleum finish were kept and a little

applied as needed, we believe such a

floor covering might practically last——

well, almost forever.



Perhaps in speaking of linoleum

floor coverings a word about them

might not be out of place. We have

used linoleum for many years. Our

first experience was with a brown

body and white figures, but the figures

wore off very rapidly and the plain

brown body, while good looking when

clean, showed the dust and dirt to a

great degree. A friend in doing over

her house bought plain linoleum at

first, a dull green and ’another color

that harmonized with‘her furnishings,





 





 





 





but she soon learned that the plain

surfaces, while easy to clean and at-

tractive looking, showed dirt and dust

to a distressing degree. A figured lin-

oleum, in which the figures seem even

with the base, gives promise of better

wear than one where the figures are

very clearly off the surface. A mixed-

up patterns shows the dirt less than

one withrplain, solid figures in the tile

pattern.



Another thing about linoleum is that

the. inlaid goods do not always give

the satisfaction one naturally expects

of them. A man of experience in a

large department store told the writer

that, unless one bought the most ex-

pensive of the inlaid linoleum, the

satisfaction was not assured, and even

then, where a linoleum is used much

and requires cleaning often, the inlays

were apt to disintegrate and come

out, or separate from the balance of

the goods.



To lay linoleum, it should be well

warmed before unrolling. If spread

when cold it is liable to crack or split.

It is much better to have. an entire

floor covered, because this does away

with the seeping of water or the

creeping of dirt under the edges,

these things cause the edges to rot

away. If one must use a partial cov-

ering it should be finished. with the

brass edges sold for the purpose. The

linoleum should lie on the floor a.

week or more before being tacked in

place that it may adjust itself to the

floor. If tacked at once there are apt

to be places where the floor sags a

little, or maybe shows a little uneven-

ness, and the linoleum will put! up

and soon crack out in these places.

After the linoleum is fitted to the

floor it should be cut to thresholds

and registers or such spaces as may

occur and these edges be bound with

the regular binding. All the long

edge spaces where they meet the wall

should simply have a quarter round

of wood put over them and this

round nailed in place. This holds the

linoleum taut and covers the edges so

that no chance for dirt or water is

offered.



If one keeps the pieces cut out over

hot air registers, these may be slipped

into place for summer use, shutting

out the register, and maintaining the

finish of the floor. These may even

be glued or pasted to the registers for

temporary use.



The linoleum should be finished

with two coats of the regular varnish

used for this purpose right at the

stirt. Many’complain that linoleums

ar hard to clean, but if kept well var-

nished or finished this is not so. We

have found that a little coal oil put

into the water for washing the line-

leum helps in cleaning, and if not

much soiled, a quart or two of milk,

added to the water gives a good shin-

ing look to the linoleum.



If one can’t have the natural finish

wood which is so much to be desired,

one may put on an imitation finish

which looks very well. There are

many preparations used for this pur-

pose, but a light oak finish does pret-

ty well for most common rooms. The

paint must be gone over with a prim-

ing which is furnished for the pur-

pose. We have found, however, that

the yellow ochre often advised for

such work makes a too dark under-

coating, and should be modified, or a

deep cream or light yellow paint be

used under the final finish. Any knots

in new woodwork may be smeared
one. 26, 1915. »





ever with shellac, which .makes them

invisible in the finished work, other-

wise they will be apt to show.



These oak finishes dry rapidly and

a room need not be out of use very

long in order to undergo a renewing.

Paint put on in the afternoon will be

dry enough for the oak finish the next

morning and if this is done then the

room will be fit to use that evening,

possibly not wholly dry, but dry

enough not to be spotted by a touch.



One may give a sort of grained ef-

fect by simply “wobbling” the brush

in putting on the final effect. A very

little trial will show one how to do, to

get the little apparent wood grain.

Window frames seem to wear oil

more than any other part of the wood-

work and these should have an extra

coat of paint or finish, and if rough

should be rubbed with pumice stone

or emery paper.



We have used the oak finish over

white and evan over a light blue un-

der-surface and the result was not

bad, but it is better over a light or

dull yellow paint. Nail holes may be

filled up with putty and shellaced

over.



One may get various colors of art

finishes and so have the rooms in

harmony with the furnishings. An up-

stairs room has a floor finished in

green, the woodwork is white, and

the iron bed is white. This is to be

gone over with a finish prepared for

such purposes. The walls are of rough

plaster.



Old floors are probably the worst

problem where one wishes to make

things look a little like new. Of

course, if these are very had little can

be done except to cover with rugs or

carpets, and even then one should

use a carpet lining, or paper, under

these. In case the floors are not worn,

but the cracks are very much in evi-

dence, these cracks may be cleaned

out and filled with a prepared wood-

filler or be filled with putty and the

putty shellaced. Then put on the

floor finish wanted, using paint or a

wood finish or an art color as desired.

Where the light oak finish is used for

the woodwork the same color used as

the floor finish does very well.



There is now on the market a heavy

paper which sells for something like

60 cents a roll for eight yards. This

is grained like an oak wood and is

made to paste on the floor on the out-

side of large rugs. After it is dry it

is finished with several coats of clear

floor finish, and if kept well glazed

will last for quite a period of time,

the places where much treading comes,

as near much used doors, etc., should

be covered with small rugs or be very

frequently covered with the finish.



Old wooden chairs take on new

lease of life by being paintegband

the oak finish used on woodwork

looks very well. Any loosened rungs

may be made solid by using glue, and

sometimes even by painting the ends

and pressing them into place, letting

dry thoroughly before using.



T0 redress furniture takes some

time and more work, but it often is

worth while. One may even make in-

harmonious pieces of furniture all in

harmony by a little careful selection

of wood finishes. Do not make the

mistake of varnishing over a really

good piece. We have known cases

where mahogany bureaus were so var-

nished over they could not be recog-

nized. Old pieces of furniture may

well be examined, because one may

possibly have something very much

worth while in some old bit of fur-

nishing.





 





JANUARY IN THE HOUSE GARDEN.





 





BY FRANK n. swam.



Time to slip geraniums, coleus and

carnations that you want to set out in

the spring. For geraniums, use a

flower-pot with good drainage; filled to

within an inch of the top with nicely

sifted loam, topped off with an inch of

river sand. Make your geranium slips

four inches long, the stockier the bet-





 





rHE MICHI





ter. Stick them in half way beneath

the soil, leaving two leaves on.



Plants in the house dry out very

quickly this month on account of the

dry atmosphere of the room. The cold-

er the weather the ,more water a

house plant needs. Don’t water a

plant until it is dry, but when you do

water it, water thoroughly.





Spray your house plants with good,

clean water. Or, if it isn’t convenient

to take them to the bathroom, sponge

them off. In a warm, dry atmosphere,

such as one gets in the house in Jan-

uary, red spiders are apt to multiply

at a great rate. The spraying or

sponging will keep them in check.

Watch your palms, aspidistras, and

dracenas for this little pest. Wet the

under sides of the leaves, where the

spiders lurk.



There may be some scales on your

ferns. If there are, clean them off.

with a small tooth—brush.



Any insects on the house plants?

You can get rid of them by using

soap in the water.





Use soot water twice a week on

the house plants. It is a good fertil-

izer. The proper strength is a hand-

ful of soot in two gallons of water.



House plants need fresh air, but do

not admit a draft of air directly over

or among the plants. Open a door or

window at some distance from the

plants. Let in the air two or three

times a day.



When sweeping cover the plants





with a light cloth or newspaper in or-'





der to keep off the dust.



Pull down the window shade at

night between the plants and the

glass, in order to prevent the plants

being nipped by frost.



Warm the water for the calla. The

water ought to be the warmth of your

hand. Don’t use chilly water on any

of the plants.



When the chrysanthemums are

through blooming, put them down the

cellar.



Don’t let the hanging plants and

fern balls get dry. They need more

water than the potted plants do, for

they are more exposed to evaporation

on every side. Get the head of the

family to blow tobacco smoke through

your plants occasionally. He will help

in keeping the plants free from the

aphis. Keep the seed-pods picked off

the fuchsias if you want them to

bloom steadily.





WOMEN IN EXECUTIVE POSTS.





 





Women hold many executive educa-

tional positions in the United States,

according to the Bureau of Educa-

tion’s directory for 1915—16 just issued.

It shows that of the 12,000 conspicu-

ous positions, largely of an adminis-

trative character, 2,500 are held by

women. These women are college pres-

idents, state and county superintend-

ents of education, directors of indus-

trial schools, heads of departments in

colleges and universities, directors of

schools for afflicted, and librarians.





Twenty-four out of 622 colleges and

universities are presided over by wom-

en. Of the nearly 3,000 county super-

intendents 508 are women. Of the 70

institutions for the blind 15 are direct-

ed by women. Of the 75 state schools

for the deaf, 10 are under the leader‘-

ship of women; and of the 22 private

institutions of the same character 16

have women superintendents. Of the

31 private institutions for the feeble-

minded, 20 are supervised by women.



Fourteen out of 86 directors of in-

dustrial schools are women, and 48 of

the 200 schools of art are in charge





of women. Out of 1,300 public and

society libraries, women supervise

1,075.





or the 33 bureau Bfliciais in the Bu-

reau of Education itself 11 are women.





 





To remove the odor of onions from

the breath eat parsley and vinegar;

from the hands rub a piece of celery

over them.——M. A. P.





GAN FARMER





' 15—591





HOW 70 an THIS

ZLSALUMINUM

GRIDDLE





ATA SAVING OF $|fl9





Get 50 cents worth of Karo from your grocer, and send

the labels to us together with 85 cents and we’ll send you

this $2.25 Solid Aluminum Griddle by prepaid parcel post.





 





ERE is a clean cash saving of $1.40—~and thousands of house-



. wives have already taken advantage of this remarkable chance



to get an aluminum griddle for less than the wholesale price.



This Aluminum Griddle needs no greasing. It doesn’t chip or rust.

It beats unifomly over entire baking surface—doesn’t burn the cakes





in one spot and leave them underdone in another.





up the kitchen-and the cakes are

in grease.





 

 

 

 

 

 





It doesn’t smoke

more digestible than when fried





At great expense we are seeking to place a Karo Aluminum





Griddlein the homes of all Karo





 

 





users, so that Karo—the famous





spread for griddle cakes and wafiles—may be served on the most

deliciously baked cakes that can be made.



You know Karo, of course. Nearly everybody docs—65,000,000

cans sold last year alone. And you doubtless know the wonderful

cleanliness and durability of Aluminum ware.





lfyou are a Karo user already then you know all about this wonderful syrup

—you know how fine it is as a spread for bread;_how delicious it is with griddle





cakes, waffles. bot biscuits and corn bre

Get 50 cents worth of Karo from your

and 85 cents (P. 0. money order or eta





 

 

 

 

 





ad.

grocer at once, and send the labels

rope) to us and get one of these





Aluminum Griddles by prepaid parcel post.





Remember that our supply is going fast—so





will also send you free one

Coo Books.





 

 

 





get your Karo today. We





ofthe I Corn Products





Corn Products Refining Company





P. O. Box 161





New York





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Dept. 102





 





LET us TAN A

voun Hing.  . .,





 

 





Cattle or Bone hide. Calf, Dog,

ornny kind of skin with hair or fur on.

We tan and nun: mks

them into coats (for men and women).

robes, runs or gloves when ordered.



Your fur goods will cost on less than

to buy them. and be wort more. Our

Illustrated catalog gives a. lot of ln~

formation which every stock raiser

should have. but we never-send outthis

valuable book exce t upon request.



It tells how to e of! and care for

hides: how and when we pay the

both ways : about our safe dyeing pro-

cess which is a tremendous advantage

to the customer, especially on horn.

Nd.- md on" skins: about the fur

goods and game trophies we sell. mi-

dermy, etc. If you want a. copy send us

your correct address.



The

$7





.

a. ‘





Crab Main For Com .

I loved Ave" W. I???





 





Reading Robe &

Tanning Co.





Reading, Michigan

Established 1878





The first firm to successfully tan

Buflalo hides for Coats and Robes.





Custom Tanning and

Manufacturing

a Specialty





Horse and Cattle hides and all

kinds of small furs tanned and

made up into coats, robes. mulls,

scarfs, caps. gloves. etc.



Send for our illustrated oat.-

alog and price Iist.free on appli-

cation.





Thnt Protect and Pay





PATENTS Send Sketch or Model for Search

BOOKS AND ADVICE F R E E

Watson E. Calm, Patent Lawyer. Washingtonmfi.





 





case.

with hair spring.





nary care. Any





 





The Michigan Farmer, 1

Boys Watch, value





 





Beacon





Burner FREE





.. ,/ FITS YOUR OLD LAMP.

100 Candle Power Incandescent

it from (kerosene)_ coal

as or electricity.

cdvr r0! 6 nouns

We want one person in each locality to

whom we can refer new customers.

pedal Ofler _to

' Write





 

 

 

 





v (10.. '23 Home ”.mcm. lo.





Fish Direct From Our Nets





lob-Tho Highest Quollty.

and-Tho Lowest Cost.

Silver Herring. Round 30.;‘l’lressed 3‘40: Pickerel.

Round, Extra Fancy. 51/50; Bayfish, Round 2c;

Bluefins, Dressed 4c; Smoked Blueflns. 10 lbs. 700;





20le. 1.30.

WISCONSIN FISHING 00., Dept. Y, Emu Bay, Wis.





M We Guarantee

Best Quality

New Frozen Lake Superior Hening





in sucks $3.25 perlm lbs, in boxes $3.50 per 100 lbs.

Pickerel SfllsKer 1(1) lbs.. 50 lbs. $3.50. Pike 9.50

or 100 lbs., lbs. $5.50. New salted Lake Herring



.50 per lib-lbs. keg, 501m $2.00.

Duluth, Minn.





AERIAL FISH (30.,





Free for Testing





A 1 ma nvmnnanm

szwnfznnv PLANTS rues-J

will mean:





Ions





 





 





 





loo.



nnd buds on a ainfl'le plant. A

willbring "190%“va- nlao anon

a... us “a mi A...



t. a square Ill 3

pit. of Domain] omfiAL POPPY

seed. Send 10 eta for mullnfi expenao

ornot,uynn lease. W meted-w

and summon d With

In: on El] mum! (:0qu

lo: 145. 0003-. Ion.





 





,_

Government Famm Wanted .éflelfiiflgg, 3,3332%

Write. OZMENT. 17 F. St. Louis.





 





BOYS WATCH.





Every boy, young or old. would be proud to carry

one of these watches.

Stem set and wind. Regular watch movement





It is 16 size, with a nickel





Guaranteed by the makers and





repaired free of charge for one year, if given ordi-





boy who really wants a watch can





easily earn one in one afternoon.





The watch alone tree for sending three subscrip-

tions to the Michigan Farmer.





-r - OUR' PRICE

mu 31-33 son! $1.15

' POSTPAID





Or with the Michigan Farmer 3 years $1.65, 5 years $2.15.
592—16





THE- MICHIGAN FARMER





DEC. 25, 1915. ’





 





 





AVING solved the question of

systematic distribution, the Ex-

change set about to invite peo-



ple to eat more oranges and 1 one.

This was done through a arefully

planned national advertising ampaign

in which the inherent health qualities,

the low cost, the universal distribution

and other points were set forth. They

had a good product and they did not

purpose to sit back and wait for peo-

ple to find it out in their own slow

way.

Advertise Sanely.



Mr. R. J. Grassley is manager of the

Exchange Advertising office in Chi-

cago. To the writer he explained the

aims and methods of conducting the

annual $275,000 advertising campaign

as follows:



“Primarily the aim of our advertis-

ing is to increase the consumption of

oranges and lemons, regardless of

whether they are from California or

elsewhere. The attempt to make peo-

ple specify our particular kinds is sec-

ondary, for there necessarily will be

just so much citrus fruit to be eaten

and a reluctance on the part of the

public to consume any one portion

would soon dragi down the entire

market. It is our aim to make our

brand of citrus fruit of the highest

possible quality, and we employ a spe-

cial field force to constantly study the

industry and locate possible opportu-

nities for improvement of the cultural

and handling methods.



Assist the Jobbers.



“The Exchange does not believe in

working to eliminate the jobber or the

retailer. On the contrary, we main-

tain a special department to help

members of the trade in every possi-

ble way.



“Our advertising and promotion

work is costing the growers about

one and one-half cents per box, or six-

tenths of one per cent of the gross

value of the fruit. This we consider

not as an expense, but rather asVan

investment for the future of the in-

dustry. One reason why we feel that

our work has been highly successful is

that in the last ten years while the

population of the United States in—

creased only 21 per cent, the con-

sumption of California oranges has in-

creased 74.6 per cent.



“In our special lemon campaign

which we will start next year we are

facing a tremendous proposition. At

present this country and Canada con-

sume together about 12,000 cars of

lemons per year. Ordinarily half of

these‘ come from foreign countries.

Within a. period of about four years

our lemon output will develop into ap-

proximately 16,000 cars per year. You

see we have got to make people use

two lemons where they now use one,

and one where they do not now use

any.”



Schooling a Nation.



No other organization attempts to

handle the large industrial prdblems

which affect the future stability of the

industry. The Exchange has created

through national advertising a public

recognition of the delicious quality

and healthfulness of oranges and lem-

ons, and is giving the public the rea-

sons why they should use California

citrus fruits and is suggesting to them

the ways in which they can be served.



There is nothing mysterious about

advertising. It supplements the Ex-

change salesmanship and service to

the jobber and the retailer by telling

the public the truth about the fruit

which the Exchange has to sell. It

has met with the hearty approval of

the trade because it helps the jobber

and retailer to sell the fruit. The Ex-

change, through its agents and adver-

tising department, is co-operating with

the jobbers and their salesmen by de-

veloping selling arguments for citrus

fruits. It co—operates with the retailer

by furnishing him with attractive win-

dow display material showing the uses

of oranges and lemons; in showing

.the retailers how to make a beautiful

display of fruit, to attract the consum-





gillmlflliflflNHNil"IHillllthllfil|lIllHI|Ill|IililHIllllllllillfllll|IIllIIllillllllIIIll|lIllllIllllll|IlllIlllllllIllllIllllllIlll||IlllllllllllIlllllllllllllIllllllIlll||lllllllIllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllflllllllllllllllllflflllfi

E E

Farm Commerce. s

s s

EllHllllllllflllllHliElllllllllIIIIH||lIllIllllllllll“||||llllllllllllllllllllllllflllflflllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllIlllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfl





Producers Educate the Nation

By DON FRANCISCO.





er; and how to increase his business

and aliminate losses from decay and

left-overs by quick sales of his pur-

chases through reasonable prices at

odd cents per dozen.



New Selling Agencies.



New factors, such as chain stores,

are being interested in the sale of

citrus fruit and large quantities are

being handled by such firms on very

low margins. This service isJ funda-

mentally sound because it creates bet-

ter merchandising methods, a larger

consumption of fruit and especially of

Exchange fruit, and in the end a larg-

er return to the Exchange grower. It

is absolutely essential to the prosper-

ity of the industry. It can be handled

by the Exchange, because the small

volume handled by other shippers

makes the national advertising of

their brands prohibitive. It is includ-

ed in the Exchange marketing cost,





must be incurred by an organization

that assembles the fruit in the cities,

distributes it to the retailers, and de-

velops a country trade. The jobber

also acts as a banker for the retail

dealer, and supplies a large proportion

of the capital which the retail dealer

uses.



Make it Possible for Jobber to Handle



at Less Expense.



To operate economically, the fruit

jobber has to distribute the overhead

charge over a number of perishable

products, including citrus and decidu-

ous fruits, bananas, pineapples, small

fruits, potatoes, vegetables, and other

commodities, because a wholesale dis-

tributing business, or a retail business

cannot succeed when the entire over-

head is charged against a single per-

ishable crop. A disaster like the

freeze in 1913 would have bankrupted

the citrus industry had the growers





 





 





 





chain of distributing agents.





 





What Shall We Do With the Jobber?





There are those who would sentence him without trial.

Others feel inclined to tolerate him.

Still others declare that the jobber is an essential link in the





Mr. Francisco tells us on this page why the Exchange is try-

ing to help the jobber to handle fruit on a smaller margin.



That is, this highly developed producer’s co-operative associa-

tion is extending Co-operation so as to include the distributor.





 





 





 





 





 





which, on account of the volume of

business handled, can cover a nation-

wide advertising campaign, a nation-

wide distributing system, a highly effi-

cient business organization, all in-

cluded in a marketing cost lower than

any other shipper charges and not

more than one-third to one-half as

much as shippers charge who make a

personal profit by handling the grow-

ers’ product.

Why they Sell to Jobbers.



The Exchange was born of necessity

and it has passed through all the dis-

turbances that are liable to inflict

themselves upon a co-operative organ-

ization. Not long ago a small group

of growers began preaching the worn-

out slogan, “Eliminate the Middle-

man.” But the Exchange had made a

careful study of retail and jobbing

conditions and met the clamor with

positive arguments and cool figures.



The Exchange does not sell the fruit

to the retail dealer because it would

cost the grower more to perform the

function of the jobber if a wholesale

distributing system were to be built

on a single perishable crop that is

variable in supply and condition and

subject to climatic disaster, than it

now costs through the jobbing system

already established. The jobber per-

forms a distinct function that must

be performed by someone in assem-

bling the fruit in the towns and cities,

in developing trade with the countless

retail dealers in the rural districts

and cities, and in blanketing the cred-

it and other distributing risks for the

producer.



The Exchange fruit is handled by

2,500 carlot jobbers, who employ at

least 7,500 traveling salesmen in push-

ing and developing trade in the small

towns and rural districts. The ex-

pense of an average traveling sales-

man is approximately 3,000 per year.

The fixed charge of the jobber in-

cludes store rent, carting, interest on

capital invested, insurance, taxes, sal-

aries, wages, cartage of fruit, repack-

in’g and losses from decay, credits, bad

debts, traveling salesmen and other

overhead expenses and these charges





been liable for rents, salaries and the

fixed charges necessary to a whole-

sale distributing organization. The

Exchange is endeavoring, through co-

operation with the jobbers, to reduce

the unnecessary cost of distribution.

The jobbers’ gross margin, including

all overhead charges and profit, repre-

sents approximately eight per cent of

the consumer’s dollar, or an average

mark-up of approximately 14 per cent

on the purchase price. The jobbing

cost varies in different sections of the

country, just as the Exchange cost

varies. The cost depends on local

business arrangements and conditions,

the size of the business, the size of

the city, and outside territory covered,

and largely on the grade and sound-

ness of the fruit which he buys. Un-

even distribution by the producer, un-

even grades and decay, strike at the

foundations of a successful fruit bus-

iness and always raise the margins,

which the jobber or retailer must add

to cover the added risk.

Costly to Retail Single Crop.



The Exchange does not sell to the

consumer because a retail business

founded on a single perishable crop is

as impracticable as it seems desirable.

The delivery of goods of any kind to

100,000,000 American consumers is the

most costly of all distributing items.

The consumer usually pays from 25 to

50 per cent of the purchase price for

the service which the retail dealer

renders. He pays it because he de-

mands the service and is not satisfied

to deal with a store that does not ren-

der it. To incur the necessary fixed

charges that would be required to

serve 100,000,000 consumers as effi-

ciently as they are now served, with

oranges and lemons alone, would, of

course, be prohibitive, even if the fruit

was owned by a single corporation. To

attempt it with no legal right to arbi-

trarily fix prices or handle the dis-

tribution arbitrarily, would be destruc-

tive to their investments.



The Exchange has asupply company

which is a stock corporation of $1,500,-

000, the stockholders being the local

associations. This company was or-





ganized eight years ago because the

price of box shook almost doubled in

one year. After the company began

the manufacture of boxes the box-

making interests quickly reduced their

prices to former levels. The company

provides the supplies used in the pack-1

ing-houses and the orchards, these be-

ing furnished at cost, including a de-

preciation and maintenance plus six

per cent on the capital. The company

has developed into a large institution,

purchasing and manufacturing several

million dollars worth of supplies per

year. No less. than 150 carloads of

wrapping paper, 50 carloads of nails,

12,000,000 boxes and $400,000 in fer-

tilizer are delivered to the growers

each year by the supply company. Its

operating cost is only three-fourths of

a cent per dollar.



It has just formed a similar organi-

zation to be known as the Exchange

By-Products Company. Its chief val-

ue will be in the utilization of coarse

and unmarketable lemons in the man-

ufacture of lemon oil and citrate of

lime.



The operations of producing and

marketing crops of citrus fruits natur-

ally fall within four distinct stages:

(1) producing; (2); harvesting and

packing; (3) transportation, and (4)

marketing. Neglect or mismanage-

ment of any one of these stages may

nullify all the advantages of success-

ful or painstaking work in the others.



Meritorious Product First Essential.



The most important requisite for

the successful marketing of a fruit

crop is that it reaches the market and

the consumer in sound condition.

“Soundness” means freedom from all

bruises, abrasions, as well as freedom

from decay or deterioration. Sound-

ness becomes of even more import-

ance than quality, because unsound-

ness detracts tremendously from the

appearance of the package, and de-

pending upon the extent of unsound-

ness as shown by the presence of de-

cay to a greater or less extent there

is a direct loss to the purchaser.

There is still another effect of un-

soundness, which is perhaps the most

important of all. This is the effect of

continued unsoundness on the reputa«

tion of the grower or the shipper,

which cannot be stated in terms of

dollars and cents, because its effects

are so gradual and long continued.



Careful Handling Imperative.



The importance of soundness hav—

ing been established it becomes neces-

sary to indicate upon what facts this





desirable element depends. Soundness,





as the citrus fruit growers of Califor-

nia and Florida have had impressed

upon them through the medium of the

investigations of the U. S. Department

of Agriculture, depends upon many

factors other than the natural or in-

trinsic keeping qualities of the fruit

itself. Citrus fruits possess naturally,

under normal conditions, the best ship-

ping and keeping qualities of any

class of fruits. No other class of fruit

will as successfully withstand the ef-

fects of the various processes of mar-

ket preparation through which most

citrus fruits are passed. They may be

passed through the various processes

of picking, grading, washing, drying,

brushing, wrapping, packing and ship-

ping without serious detriment to their

keeping qualities, provided these ops

erations are all carried on without

breaking or seriously injuring the

skin of the fruit. A sound, healthy,

unbroken skin is the only sure resist-

ance the fruit has against the decay

plague. The importance of carrying

on all the various operations of har-

vesting, cleaning, packing and ship-

ping without injuring the skin of the

fruit can not be too strongly empha-

sized. There is need for the utmost

care throughout, and any lowering of

the standard of handling is sure to be

followed by serious loss, as many





growers and associations have found,

much’ to their sorrow, and financial

loss.



Investigations into the marketing of

the citrus crop show figures which are





 





 





 





 





i v
I

. K.

,.





TY"





 





 





DEC. j. 19} .:





interesting-- to .«those handling other

crops. Summarized the data shows:

that- 36.5 per cent of the consumer's,

dollar is returned to the growers in

California, of which 9.8 per cent rep-

resents the proportion allotted to

picking, hauling and packing" 20.5

per cent represents the allotment to

transportation; 1.5 per cent the grow-

er’s cost of selling the jobber, and 41.5

per cent the proportion represented

by the jobbing and retail gross dis-

tributing costs, the latter represent-

ing four times as much as the former.



The amount of the consumer’s dol-

lar allotted to'each factor referred to

should not be confused with the cost

of handling each of these items. The

average cost of picking and hauling





verative method of selling,





THE. MICHIGAN FARMER





a packedbcx. of. nausea-stroll: the, .





grove to the packing house is 10.5

cents; the average cost of packing

and loading on the cars is 32.4 cents

per box; the average cost of freight

and refrigeration is 90.7 cents per box;

the average grower’s cost of the co-op-

including

advertising, is 6.6 cents per box; the

average mark~up of the retailer is 49.8

per cent on his purchase price, both

of the latter figures including the loss

from decayed fruit.



Probably if all businesses in fruits

and vegetablwes were handled on the

same basis as that of California’s cit-

rus industry the world would be much

better off and the cost of living mate:





'rially reduced.





l|I|lllllllIl|IIlmlllllmllllllllllll‘Illlllllllmllfllmlllllllllllllllfllilllllllllllll"HIlllI!"lllllllmllllllllllllllmil"mmmIll!IlllllllllllmllmliflllllllllllllllllHIHHHIHHIIHIIINIIlllll{IlllIilllH|IHHIIHHHHlllllllllllllull

Programs for Rural Credit Legislation





HERE are several viewpoints as



to mobilizing rural credits for



the’benefit of agriculture. There

is one view that adequate compensa-

tion for farm produCts, would enable

the industrious trained farmer to ad-

equately finance himself, like the gro-

cery clerk who secures local credit at

the bank and credit in the purchase of

goods. In other words, it is like the

Bohemian laborer in the beet fields

who, after some time as a laborer

purchases a farm on a long time cred-

it. Knowing the beet raising busi-

ness he can calculate on the fixed

price for his crops and pay for his

land. Aside from the other advan-

tages of the sugar beet industry it has

by the very reason of fixed prices

enablem men to secure farms where

uncertainties of product prices would

have been hazardous.



In the south and southwest where a

single crop like cotton predominates,

with interest rates high, and impover-

ished soils, many are land poor, they

cannot sell, some form of state or fed-

eral aid is asked for. Nor is their

argument lacking in logic. The cities,

business and' transportation are built

largely on agriculture and when agri-

culture languishes so does all busi-

nose.



The irrigation districts have had

money advanced from government

sources, where there was no money

locally, now why not for soil restora-

tion as well as soil irrigation. The

Civil War destroyed southern re-

sources and for nearly a quarter of a

century the problem of maintaining

the white civilization and establishing

social conditions engrossed the atten-

tion of the southland. The average

cotton cropper pays 20 per cent inter-

est, and is fully a year behind in the

capital necessary to grow a crop. In

other words, when he pays the coun-

try merchant for the advances made

out of the crop sold, he has no capital

to begin planting the crop for the sea-

son following. The taritl? question he

has always regarded as a [means of

adding to the cost of what he buys,

mainly to the advantage of the north-

ern manufacturer. He sees the postal

savings banks loan money to the

banks at 2174 per cent and he feels

that government aid in some form to

lower the rate of interest and enable

him to become a land owner, would be

but equal recognition.



The corn belt economist who has

seen land double and triple in value

within the last two decades fears that

government aid or lower interest rates

would be but another boost to land

prices and instead of aiding the land-

less man to get a farm would put it

still more and more out of his reach

and actually be to the detriment of

the buyer. The low price of land in





nor of aid to land banks as is extend-

ed to the reserve banks as dangerous.

As a southern man of the business

world observed, “many reputations

rested on a supposed cautious attitude

toward public questions and that

“safety first” carried to the extreme

would result in never moving a train.

The same men who regarded federal

aid to agricultural land banks by way

of extended credit on approved mort-

gages cheered to the echo government

owned merchant vessels as advocated

by Assistant Secretary of Agriculture

Vrooman.



If there can be said to be any ap~

proved idea of rural credits it is to or-

ganize national land banks without

capital possibly attached to or asso—

ciated with the present national bank

system. These land banks will under-

write farr'n mortgages just as the

large city banks do any issue of bonds

and being attached to the national

bank system can then get a dip into

the federal reserve system of credits.

The method of underwriting by a bank

without capital remains to be worked

out. J. N. MCBRIDE.





CROPS OF 1915.





 





Corn was planted on 108,321,000

acres, the second largest area ever

planted, and the harvest was 3,054,-

535,000 bushels, the second largest

crop ever grown. Its value was $1.-

755,85’9,000, exceeding that of the pre-

vious most valuable corn crop by $33,-

000,000.



New records were made in produc-

tion by wheat, oats, barley, rye, sweet

potatoes, rice, and hay, while tobacco

closely approached its production rec-

ord, 1,103,415,000 pounds, made in

1910. Each of these crops, in addi-

tion, established records as being the

most valuable ever grown, except in

the case of barley and tobacco.



Production of the first billion-bushel

wheat crop and the second three-bil-

lion-bushel corn crop were features

of the year. Wheat acreage aggregat-

ed 59,898,000 acres, or 6,000,000 more

than ever before. The yield was 16.9

bushels an acre, the largest acre yield

for winter and spring wheat combined

ever attained in this country. The

final estimate of production was 1,-

011,505,000 bushels, with a value of

$930,302,000. The crop exceeded last

year’s which was a record, by more

than 120,000,000 bushels and by $50,—

000,000 in value‘.



Oats, rye, potatoes, sweet potatoes

and tobacco all were planted on rec-

ord areas. Oats exceeded its record

production of 1912 by 122,00,000 bush-

els and its record value of 1914, by

$56,000,000. Barley production was

13,000,000 bushels more than the 1912

record crop and was worth $4,000,000

more than the former most valuable

crop, grown in 1914. Rice passed the

1913 record by 3,200,000 bushels and

its 1912 record value by $1,700,000.



Sweet potatoes exceeded by 14,000,-

000 bushels the 1910 record and were

worth $3,100,000 more than the 1913

value record. Hay showed a 12,500,—

000ton increase over the record crop

of 1912 and was worth $55,600,000

more than the value record made thot





the southern states seems to be no aid year





on incentive to the buyer and less

tenants become landowners than oc-

curs in the corn belt on land high in

price.



The collegiate attache bewails the

increase in tenantry but offers no con-

solation beyond his analysis. He re-

gards government action in the man-





The potato crop received perhaps

the most severe setback of the year.

Farmers planted a record acreage to

potatoes, but the outturn was only

359,103,000 bushels. That was 61,500,-

000 bushels below the record year and

50,800,000 less than last year. The

value of the crop, however, is estab-

lished at $22,000,000 more than last

year.





 

 





Solid cou-

otruction and

good style (in

to Hondrbilt

Shoes their well

earned reputa-

tion for quality.

For c and

wear they have

no equal no not-

tor who! you our.





 





 





 





 

 





ever secured in footwear.





HONORBILT





Materials are the choicest; work-

manship ishigh grade. A trial will

convince you that they are

the best money’s worth you

Ask your dealer.





WARN INC—Always look for the Mayer

name and trade mark on the sole. If your

dealer cannot supply you, write to us.

We make Mayer Honorbilt Shoes in all styles for men,





women, chfldron;Dry-Sox wet weather shoes; Honorbilt

Cushion Shoes, Martha Washington Comfort Shoes.





F. Mayer Boot &Shoe Co., Milwaukee (.





17~593





 

 

 

   

   

 

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





SHOES





 





 





The farm paper





with a soul





In the rush for dollars, some of

us seem to have forgotten what

we are on earth for. The Farm

Journal turns humdrum, weary,

everyday toil into happiness,

sweetness, neighborliness and

brotherly love. For all that it is

a real, solid, practical farm paper

for all to profit by.



$1 for 5 years. Always sold on up.

proval. Your money back an ‘ time

you’d rather have it. Or sen today





for sum le of Farm Journal and free

copy of cor Richard Almanac for 1916.





The Farm Journal





mwwmw





(in late It You Must Bul

Brain Your. Farm First





Drain your farm first. You’ll then be bet-

ter able—more quickly able—to get an

Auto and other luxuries. Our Vitrified,

Frost Proof, Drain Tile gives land the

maximum producing ability at minimum

expense. “American” Tile, “Once laid,

always working.” Sizes 3 in. 12027 in.





Write for Carload Prices.





American Sewer Pipe Co.,

200 St. James St., Jackson, Mich.





 





 





,PULL OUT THE





STU MPS!





HERCULES-





All Steel Triple Power Stump

‘ Puller pulls an acre of stamps a day





-lncreoael the value of your

land 100%. Makes room for

money crops. Guaranteed

for 3 years against break



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name for fine tree





V special low-price

- proposit on.

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24th 80.

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Penny Post-l Brings Book of





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





6 00 on... I. note.

Mfr to For-

Co-opor-“o-



In Profit-Sharing Conn-not



on Early in Your Pareto... -





TILE OR STAV





Silos Priced at Your Home Town





Glued Tile and Lumber shipped direct from

kiln and factory on low cost basis early in

year. Let us tell you about our new 1916

profit sharing sales plan so you can buy

right and erect silos when farm labor is

plenty and cheap. Our “Earn Cost First



hen Pay" plan interests both Salesman

and Buyer. Ask for 1916 proposition and

Silo booklet. '





Kalamazoo Tank & SlloCo.





' Dept 621 manual“.





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





 

 





 





76151 If F r376 1 noose-mo", BULL-

3,1,5,» F3 :er; STRONG. Flo-flour





n“ Divestw





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48-!” Poultry Ponce -

' ' Special Price. on Galv. Barbed Who.

Our big Catalo of fence values shows 11» styles

and heights of fibrin, Poult and Lawn Fence

money-saving prloeo. Write or it to-day. It’l tree.





KITSELMAN BROS. Box 270 Muno





 





 





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MINERAL'aii

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33 Package guaranteed to give satisfaction or money

back. 51 Pack: e ouficicnt for ordinary cases.





IINERLL HAVE Y 00. 463 Fourth Am. rump. PI.





 





 





The "Berlin

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That secures hi host

rices for 'our fruit.

rite for 1:916 catalog

showmgour complete line

and secure your baskets

and crates at

DISCOUNTS.





The Berna Frull Box CI.

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Pulverlzed lime rock for "sour”

soils. Write for LOW PRICES

DIRECT TO YOU and we will

send sample and full particu-

lars. Write to office nearest you.

LAKE SHORE STONE COMPANY.

Indium. Mich. and Benton Harbor. Inch





——You should not the bloke-t. undo

of limestone mutaolmred. Buy

it upon the boots elf. analysis. W0





manufacture the h o pul-



verized limestone d in lchi'n.

Let us prove it. Ask for sample and analysis.

GRIP-ELL STOKE 00.. Indian Rlvor.





l. Automobile Repairing and Driviwt Homo.

'am 55c gets you the Chaufleur's Blue In. Jufi

out. L. . BRAZEE. Detroit. Elohim
Lu... 0.. r;--A~v‘ —-a





594-— 18





THE MICHIGAN FARMERS





DEC. 25, 19i5.





 





IllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllIlllllllllllll|l|l|llllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll-i





Markets.





||||ll||IllllIlllllllllllllllllllllll||lllll||||IlllllIlllllllllIlllllIllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi

GRAINS AND SEEDS.





’2

all





Illllllllllllllllllllllllll





filllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





 





December 21, 1915.



Wheat—Prices continue to ad-

vance, notwithstanding an increase of

11,000,000 bushels in the American

visible supply. This large increase

was due partially to including in the

visible, wheat afloat at Buffalo. The

strong market resulted very largely

from the big foreign demand. Despite

the activity of British agents in Can-

ada and the United States, it seems

impossible to prevent a decrease in

the stocks at Liverpool. Besides, mil-

lers in this country and in Europe are

anxious buyers, due to a strong de-

mand for flour. Argentine cargoes are

scarce. One year ago theolocal quota-

tion for No. 2 red wheat was $1.24%

per bushel. Last week’s quotations





were:



No. 2 No.1



Red. White. May.

Wednesday . .. . .1.19 1.16

Thursday . . . . . . . 1.17%





1

1.25%

Friday . . . . ...1.19 1.16 1.24%,

1 25%

1 28%





Saturday . . . . . . .1.20 1.17

Monday . . . . . . . .1.23 1.20

Tuesday . . . . . . . . 1.21%



Chicago.—December wheat

May $12434.



Corn—The expectations of heavy

receipts depressed corn values, de-

spite the strength in wheat. Values,

however, are above those of last week.

A year ago No. 3 corn was quoted lo-

caily at 67%0. Last week’s Detroit

prices were:





No. 3 No. 3



Mixed. Yellow.



Wednesday 69 70%



Thursday . . . . . ...... 70 71%

Friday .............. 71 1,4 73

Saturday ............ 71 % 73

Monday ............. 70 % 72



Tuesday ............ 70 71 %



Chicago.—December corn 70.10;





May 740 Per bushel.



Oats.——A decrease in the estimated

surplus of oats from Argentine aided

the market for this cereal at the op-

ening this week. There is also'a

good domestic demand and foreign 1n-

quiry is helping to maintain prices.

Standard oats a year ago were quoted

locally at 52c per bushel. Last week’s

quotations are:





No. 3



Standard. White.

Wednesday . . . . . . . . . 46 44

Thursday .......... . 46 44

Friday ...... 46 44

Saturday 46 44

Monday ..... . . . . . 46 44

Tuesday ............ 46





44



Chicago.-——De0ember oats 42.10 per

bushel; May 45.50.



Rye.—-—Unchanged at 970 for No. 2.



Peas.——At Chicago market is steady

and firm at $2.35@2.60 per bushel,

sacks included.



Barley.—Milwaukee’s price for the

melting grades is 63@690 and Chica-

go’s is 60@700.



Beans.—No trading here in beans

and board quotes cash at $3.55; Dec.

$3.45; January $3.35. The situation

probably warrants higher quotations

than these. At Chicago the trade is

quiet but firm. Pea beans, hand-pick-

ed Michigan stock $3.85@3.‘95; prime

$3.70@3.75; red kidneys $4.65@4.75.



Clover Seed—Prime spot and De-

cember $12.05; March $11.95; prime

.alsike $10.25. At Toledo cash and

December $12.25; prime alsike $10.35;



Timothy Seed.—Steady at $3.80 for

prime spot.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Fiour.—-Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best

patent $6.20; seconds $6;

$5.60; spring patent $6.50; rye flour

$5.80





Feed.—In 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $22; standard middlings

$25; fine middlings $30; cracked corn

$30; corn and oat chop $28 per ton.



Hay.—No. 1 timothy $18@19 a ton;

$17@18; No. 2 timothy $15@16; No. 2

standard timothy $17@18: light mixed

817@18; No. 1 mixed $14@15; No. 2

mixed $10@12; No. 1 clover $10@12.



Straw—Wheat and oat straw $6.50

87; rye straw $7.50@8 per ton.





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





Butter.—The demand is active and

rices are 1%0 higher. Offerings of

high grade product are small. Extra

creamery 34c; firsts 32%0; dairy 22c;





 





. packing stock 180.





Elgin.—-—No change in prices, the

shortage of fancy fresh creamery

Is keeping the price up. The quota-

tion, based on sales, is 34c.



Chicago—The market is holding





stock moves well.





straight .





firm with no Change in prices" except.bulkl of the:light“inixed and medium





for fancy creamery which continues 0

be scarce. At present prices storage

Extra creamery is

33%@34c; extra firsts 31@33c; firsts

26@300; extra dairies 300; packing

stock 19@19%c.



Eggs.—The feeling is very firm but

prices are unchanged. Receipts are

light. Current receipts are quoted at

300; candled firsts 310.



Chicago—Prices are %0 higher.

The business is moderate and receipts

light. New-laid eggs are especially

scarce. Firsts 29%@30%0; ordinary

firsts 27%@28%c; miscellaneous lots,

cases included 22@300; refrigerator

April extras 22@22%c.



Poultry.—All kinds of poultry except

turkeys are plentiful. Turkeys are

higher, other prices remain unchang-

ed. Turkeys 17@180; spring turkeys

23@24c; fowls 9@111,éc, according to

quality; spring chickens 11%@120;

ducks 15@151/20; geese 14@15c.



Chicago.—Supp1y and demand are

both good. Turkeys are higher but

fowls and springs are lower. Turkeys

young and old 180; fowls 9@11%0;

springs 12%0; ducks 14@14%0; geese

10@14%c.





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Appl°3.—The demand is good and

prices are higher for the good stock

Greenings at $3@3.50; Spys $4@4.50;

Baldwins, $3.50@4; Steel Red $5@

5.50. At Chicago the market is steady

and the supply is ample. Holiday

trade is stimulating "market. No. 1

Greenings $2.75@3; Jonathans, No. 1,

$2.75@3.25; '9 Baldwins $2.50@3.50;

Wageners $2.25@2.75; Spys $2@3.75.



Potatoes.—Market is firm at higher

prices. Michigan and Minnesota

whites are now quoted at 80@85c;

Minnesota reds 80@820. At Chicago

the improved quality of offerings

brought higher prices. The demand is

good. Michigan whites are quoted at

70@750; others range from 62@75c.

At Greenville 600 is being paid to

farmers.





WOOL.





Boston—Wool is meeting with good

demand and the price tendency is up-

ward. Should the usual heavy buying

in January materialize, substantial ad-

vanced will be made. Foreign markets

are anxious to get control of all the

stocks possible and higher values are

ruling. A fair volume of fleeces mov-

ed the past week—fine washed Ohio

delaines at 35%0; three-eighths blood

unwashed at 37c. .





 





GRAND RAPIDS.





Hens are beginning 0 lay and the

egg market eased off to 300 at the be-

ginning of the week. Dairy butter is

quoted at 230. The potato market has

been showing renewed strength of

late, with quotations now around 60c.

The bean market contiues firm, with

white pea at $3.25 and red kidney ful-

ly $1 higher. Apples do not show

much change as yet in prices. Local

mills are quoting as follows to farm-

ers: No. 2 red wheat $1.12; rye 85c;

corn 70c; white oats 400; buckwheat

75c. Hothouse lettuce has advanced

to 10c wholesale.





 





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





Apples predominated on the East-

ern Market Tuesday morning and sold

at 750@$1.50, with a few fancy Spies

at $1.75. Potatoes scarce at 85c@$1;

cabbage 65@700; parsnips 850; pork

$8.25@9 per cwt; eggs 450 per dozen;

chickens, live 150; loose hay $18@22

per ton.





LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo.

December 20, 1915.

(Special Report of Dunning and Stev-

ens, New York Central Stock

‘Yards, Buffalo, N. Y.)



With 105 Cars of cattle here today,

the market was active on all grades

and the best cattle sold a full strong

quarter higher; the medium kind ‘15

@250 higher; canners a full quarter

higher; butcher cattle, good quality,

quarter higher, and the medium cows

sold about steady. The bull trade was

good and a quarter higher than last

week. Stockers sold strong. Good

forward springers are selling at

strong prices, and cows with calves

are bringing $5 a head more than last

week. Late springers not wanted yet.

We do not look for the market to

change much until after the holidays.

We think we may have steady trade

next week, but we cannot stand any

heavy runs until after they let up in

Chicago.



We had a fair supply of hogs today,

about 135 double decks, demand quite

good and prices 10@15c higher for all

excepting pigs, this class sold but





 





 





sold around $6.75, with a few loads of

fancy at $6.80@6.85. but sales above

$6.75 were very scarce. Pigs sold

around $6.25@6.35, as to weight and

quality; roughs $5.75@.6; stags $4.50

@5. About everything sold at the

close, but considering the fact that

this is a holiday week, would not look

for much if any better prices; in fact

it looks like our eastern demand

along about Wednesday and Thursday

would be very limited, and if we have

to depend on our packer outlet prices

are liable to be some lower.



With 40 double decks of sheep and

lambs on sale here today,‘market was

active and prices 250 higher than the

close of last week. All sold and we

look for steady to shade lower prices

balance of the week.



We quote: Lambs $10.15@10.25;

cull to fair $7@10; yearlings $7.50@

8.50; bucks $4@5.25; handy ewes $6@

6.25; heavy ewes $5.75@6; wethers

$6.75@7; cull sheep $3.50@4.50; veals

good to choice $10.75@11; common to

fair $8@10.50; heavy $6@9.



Chicago.

December 20, 1915.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

heceipts today..23,000 65,000 16,000

Same day 1914.. 4,517 57,200 18,682

Last week ...... 57,210 292,955 96,927

Same wk 1914..70,394 230,606 133,119



Shipments from here last week ag-

gregated 11,822 cattle, 53,983 hogs

and 15,880 sheep, comparing with 15,-

305 cattle, 44,420 hogs and 19,132

sheep for the same time last year.

Hogs received last week averaged 191

pounds.



Cattle sold at about steady prices

for the most part today, with a fair

supply. Hogs opened firm for desir-

able kinds, others being only steady,

later on the packers were bidding as

much as 100 lower. Fat lambs and

33%? were firm, top for lambs being



Cattle prices early last week ad-

vanced but Christmas cattle had a

good demand at $10.50@11.70. The

offerings of holiday beeves were on a

much smaller scale than a week ear-

lier. The bulk of the steers received

sold at $6.75@10, with sales of infer-

ior steers at $5@6.45, short-fed steers

at $6.50@7.45, medium grade lots at

$7.50@8.70, good steers at $8.75@9.70

and choice to extra steers at $9.75@

10.50. Fat yearlings were the favor-

ite sellers, and very few high-priced

heavy steers were sold. Butchering

cows and heifers had a good outlet at

$4.‘75@7.25 for the former and $4.50@

9.50 for the latter. Cutters sold at

$4.15@4.70, canners at $2.75@4.10 and

bulls at $4.10@7. Calves were in good

demand, with sales at $4@10.50, ac-

cording to weight and quality. Cows

and heifers advanced and declined

along with steers, as did veal calves.

Owners of well-bred cattle that are

doing well on corn, should hold them

until good and fat, as there is a

scarceity of such cattle in feeding dis-

tricts nearly everywhere. Most lines

of steers closed 25@400 higher than

a week earlier, witheows and heifers

15@200 higher.



Hogs were marketed in enormous

numbers last week, and it was impos-

sible to avoid declines, but the mar-

ket stood the strain of the liberal sup-

plies much better than might have

been expected. It is impossible to pre-

dict the future course of the market.

Eastern shippers have been much

larger purchasers than several weeks

ago, taking mainly the choicer offer-

ings. This outside competition was a

source of considerable strength. Re-

cent receipts averaged 191 lbs., com-

paring with only 180 lbs. a few weeks

ago, 227 lbs. a year ago and 215 lbs.

two years ago. Hogs sold Saturday at

$5.95@6.75, comparing with $5.85@

6.70 a week ago, pigs selling at $4.50





@6, while sales were made of heavy,





packing‘hogs at $6.35@6.65, light ba-

con hogs at $5.95@6.40, heavy ship-

ping hogs at $6.70@6.75 and light

shipping hogs at $6.45@‘7.55.



Lambs sold last week up to $9.60

per 100 lbs., the highest prices ever

paid in December, and prime yearlings

of light weight, prime wethers and

prime ewes all sold proportionately

higher, with not enough to go around.

With such a remarkable state of the

market, due wholly to the enormous

falling off in mutton production in this

country, most owners of well-bred

lambs and sheep will realize the great

importance of finishing them off in

first-class shape. A few prime Christ-

mas lambs arrived and sold at the top

prices. At the week’s close lambs sold

at $6.25@9.60, yearlings at $6.85@

8.25, wethers at $6@7, ewes at $3.50

@650 and bucks at $4@5.



Horses were plentler last week, but

the'demand was improved according-

ly, so that prices were mostly steady.

Horses for the French army were par-

ticeularly active. Inferior animals

went at $25@75, with drivers at $80@

200, expressers 'at $175@210, wagon-





'Prs at $150@200 and drafters at $215





very little better than Saturday. The @285





 





BUY ENGINE





SERVICE





Service means reliability the year round,

low cost of operation and long life. The

“New-Way" is built and guaranteed

to give SERVICE not for one year or

five years, but SERVICE GUARAN-

TEED FOR LIFE!





MWMWV’





“@eeewa @egs Riser ”





It has no water tank, jackets, or pipes

to freeze and burst in winter. Can-

not overheat. N o gasoline §ump to





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





leak and invite fire risk. 0 open

crankcase to allow dust and rt to cut

working parts.





 

 

 

 





 





, saw wood, and it has

not cost me one cent

, yet for up—kee . t

uses very little 0 l and

is economical of fuel."





   

 

 





Prices: $44.00 to $385.00





1:: mm

lame. mull. “5.4.

Write for Catalog 28. 12 Kerr St.





'POTASIT'





l

l

l





 

   

   





 





 





I Is today in great demand both by Powder

, and Fertilizer manufactures, TOMORROW the

; demand will be from the progressive farmers

: in your community, who will purchase the

1 brands that contain the highest percentage of

l Potash, other elements being equal.



. It you are not in position to supply them. inquire of





‘ nus J. L. a. H. STADLER.

Rendering 8: Fertilizer Company,

CLEVELAND, OHIO.





; who are abundantly prepared to fill orders on 1%

apiigzzl-gercent Potash mixtures for the entire] year

i o .





SOY BEANS WANTED





Medium Ey. Green, Wilson, Ito San,

Early Black, Ogemaw.

FOR SALE

Choice 1914 Crop Seed Corn. Mammoth

and Alsike Cloverseed.





Edw. E. Evans





Lock Box 422. West Branch, Mich.





loiii &. WiIdI Bean Picker





Price 04.00 F. 0. BJVassar. Write for catalon h





IIIE MILLER 00.. “8818, MICHIGAN.





USiNESS Chances. OWNER'S DEATH COM-

PELS Sacrifice Fine 100 Barrel Flour Mill. Live

Town and Farming District. Michigan. Might tan

Farm. Particulars.A.A. Campbell. 105 W. MonroeSt. Chicnp.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Dried Salvage Grain from

Cheap FOO Mill fire-feeding value un-

injured. Price low—Ask for Sample.

BARTLETT 00.. Hill 1!. Jackson. Michigan.





WANTED—AN lDEA. Who canthlnk of simpl-



- thing to atent? Proud

your ideas, they may bring on wen. th. Write 13.

"Needed Inventions" and “ ow to get. your Patel.

and Your Monoij" RANDOLPH 42-00,. PATEM

ATTORNEYS. EPT. 6']. WASHINGTON, D. (Ii





A





more! IN POOIJ'R as: ea:

up SQUABS glay'h851-F's'év. $335 ‘ ‘

an. Gho'n ("In Hg‘iuhgofi'og. :S'i'o 2:93



for em. loci butler-remini- for boquJIlI-

emailiPouliryFms-Jm 51,3» lolnoglan





 





   





AGENTS WANIE





to represent a reliable concern can-

vassing among farmers in your own

neighborhood or elsewhere. No expe-

rience necessary. Liberal pay, and

supplies furnished free to right part—

ies. Reference required. Address,





iDVEIlIISEll. Bill! IllE Mlfllllfilll HBMEI,

Detroit, Michigan





 





 





When writing to adver-

tisers please mention the

Michigan Farmer.





 





 





I

l

l





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l

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!





me A‘-





f





?





 





 





”one. 25. 1915.





THIS IS THE LAST EDITION.





 





The first edition is sent to those who

have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets. The late market edi-

tion will be sent on request at any

time.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKET.





Thursdafi's Market.

ecember 23, 1915.

Cattle. ’



Receipts 1418. The run at the local

yards was only about half what it

was a Week ago and fairly good ser-

vice was rendered by the local rail-

roads. The yards will be closed on

Christmas day. Anything arrivi. Will

be cared for, but the scales w1 not

be open and no business will be done.

It is expected the same Will. apply _on

New Years, but as yet the question

has not been definitely settled.



There was no change in the cattle

situation, the quality was common as

a rule, and the trade while being fair-

ly active was no hi her than last

week. A few stocker uyers were on

hand and had no trouble finding what

they wanted. Milch cows were dull

and good ones scarce. The close was

dull as follows: Best heavy steers $7

@725; best handy weight butcher

steers $6.75 7; mixed steers and heif-

ers $5. 0 6. 0; handy l ht butchers

$5@6; lig t butchers $4.5 @525; best

cows $5@5.50; butcher cows $4 25@

4.75; common cows $3.75@4; canners

$2.50?3.65; best heavy bulls ”50%

6; boogna bulls $4.75@5.25; stoc

bulls $4 4.50; feeders $5.50@b.50;

stockers 6@6; milkers and springers

$40@75. '



Bishop, B. & H. sold Charles 4 cows

av 905 at $3.65, 3 do av 807 at $3.25,

3 av 910 at $3.50, 4 av 780 at $3.50, 2

av 850 at $3.60; to Hammond, S.

Co. 3 stockers av 990 at $6.50, 11 cows

av 1114 at $4.75, 2 bulls av 1365 at



5.60; to Breitenbeck 4 butchers av

070 at $6, 7 do av 1060 at $6.75, 4

cows av 1167 at $4.50, 7 butchers av

900 at $6, 2 do av 890 at $5.50; to Mc-

Donald 6 feeders av 720 at $5.50, 10

do av 803 at $5.40; to Lintel 6 do av

745 at $5.50, 11 do av 846 at $5.40; to

Bray ; cows av 1005 at $4.50, 6 do av

1000 at $4; to Bresnahan 2 butchers

av 635 at $5, 2 do av 635 at $5, 1 cow

wgh 1320 at 5, 1 do wgh 1220 at

$5.25; to Bray cows av 1017 at $3.80;

to Miller 8 stockers av 571 at $6; to

Sullivan P. Co. 2 steers av 925 at $6,

4 do av 1175 at $7, 2 cows av 840 at



5, 6 do av 895 at $4.25, 1 bull wgh



530 at $5.50, 6' cows av 983 at $4.15

2 cows av 960 at $4, 2 steers av 1085

at $6.75, 3 cows av 1030 at $4.75; to

Parker W. & Co. 27 stockers av 980 at

$6.25





 





Roe Com. Co. sold Bray 2 cows av

990 at $3.75; to Stevenson 2 stockers

av 645 at $6.25, 1 do wgh 700 at $6.50;

to Golden 3 cows av 937 at $4.50, 7

butchers av 646 at $5; to Hammond,

S. & Co. 1 cow wgh 990 at $3.75, 1 do

w h 1030 at $5, 2 do av 835 at $3.60,

1 o’ wgh 1150 at $3.75, 2 do av 1070 at

4.25; to Miller 3 feeders av .700 at

6.25; to Bresnahan 3 heifers av 817

at $5.40; to Golden 2 butchers av 685

at $4.50; to Parker, W. & Co. 1 cow

wgh 1030 at $5, 2 do av 835 at $3.60,

3 do av 1053 at $3.85; to amman, B.

Co. 2 do av 885 at 5.75' to Sullivan

P. Go. 2 cows av 105 at $4.60, 2 do av

970 at $4.50; to McCoy 18 steers av

906 at $6.



Veal Calves.



Receipts 696. The veal calf ~trade

was a trifle stronger than early in the

week and just about the same as last

week. Best grades brought $10@

10.50; common and heavy $7@9.



Sandel, S.. B. & G. sold Hammond,

S. & Co. 2 av 115 at $8, 2 av 160 at

$10, 2 av 130 at $8.50, 4 av 140 at

$9.25, 3 av 165 at $10; to Nagle P. Co.

2 av 180 at $10, 6 av 145 at $9, 9 av

125 at $8.50; to Burnstine 4 av 165





at $10.

Sheep and Lambs.





The run of sheep and lambs was

very light and the market about

steady; one or two small bunches of

lambs brought $9.60, but the bulk of

the best went at $9.50. Swift & Co.

bought three or four loads for their

New York houses and the close was

steady as follows: Best lambs $10.50

@965; fair lambs $8..50@9; light to

common $7 8; yearlings $8; fair to

good sheep 5.50@5.75; culls and com-

mon $4@4.50.



Sandel, S., B. & G. sold Nagle P. Co.

16 lambs av 70 at $8.75, 30 dolav 80

at $8.75, 23 sheep av 125 at $5.75, 5

do av 90 at $4.60, 88 lambs av 8., at

$9.25, 68 do av 80 at $9.15, 9 do av

75 at $9, 4 do av 70 at $9, 10 sheep av

143 at 5.85, 4 do av 95 at $5.50.



Roe om. Co. sold Nagle P. Co. 26

lambs av 75 at $8.75, 10 do av 62 at

332358 7 do av 60 at $8.25, 26 do av 73



Reason & S. sold Thompson Bros. 32

lambs av 75 at $9.25, 21 do av 80 at

29.50: to Nagle P. Co. 58 do av 75 at

9. 25 sheep av 105 at $5.





Ho

Reooi ts 17,077. ln‘the hog division

the tra e was dull; in fact nothing

was sold until late. All markets are

lower and the market here was b

10c lower than on Wednesday. Pigs

$5.50; yorkers and heavy $6@6.10.





-. _ fHE;MLCH.IGAN FTA_,RM”E,R_,_.





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





Peter Hopley, of Lewis, Iowa, who

fattened a shipment of Shorthorn

yearling cattle for the Christmas hol-

iday market, stated that corn in his

locality is of such inferior feeding

quality that it requires one and a half

bushels to do the ordinary work of a

single bushel.



J. W. Frazier, of Illinois, mar-

keted recently in Chicago two car-

loads of yearling Christmas holiday

cattle that tipped the scales at only

1000 lbs. and found a purchaser at





$11.15 per 100 lbs. They were the

third cut out of a bunch of 155 head

of well-bred calves which he purchas-

ed last November, at which time they

averaged 320 lbs. The calves had the

best of care all the time, having been

fed hay and silage all through the

long winter period up to the first of

April and thereafter in dry lot shelled

corn. oil meal and alfalfa hay. Mr.

Frazier, who accompanied his line

shipment to market, remarked that it

pays well to start with just the right

kind of calves of high grade and to

finish them exactly right.





Never in past years has there been

a more wide-spread rush of pigs and

underweight hogs to market than has

taken place for several weeks, with

especially liberal receipts in the Chi-

cago stock yards, and, of course, pric-

es have experienced many slumps.

Yard speculators and eastern shippers

of the better class of barrows, both

of heavy and light weights, were the

strongest supporters of the market as





 





& a general rule, although there were a





number of instances Where the big

packing firms aided in bringing about

rallies in the market, their course be-

ig dictated in all probability byIa de-

sire to take steps to check the mad

rush of farmers to cut loose on their

underweights and mere pigs. for a

continuance of such a procedure will

inevitably cut severely into the future

supply of matured hogs.

pig crop was an unusually large one,

and there has been very little hog

cholera this year in most parts of the

corn belt.





Never in past years have prime fat .





lambs sold on the Chicago market in

December as high as they did in 1915,

it being simply a case of supply and





demand, with meager offerings and a





good inquiry from the packers and

smaller butchers. There is a scarcity

of everything in the live mutton line,

including not only lambs, but also

yearlings, wethers and ewes, and all

choice offerings have sold extraordi-

narily high. The future prospects of

the market could hardly be any better,

and further advances are among the

probabilities. Many farmers who had

intended to fatten flocks of lambs this

winter were disappointed in obtaining

any, and a great many intending

breeders failed to accomplish their de—

sire, as only a few ”owners of high-

grade breeders. cared to dispose of

any, and the few choice rams and

ewes of this class sold 80 high as to

discourage most buyers.





A year ago hundreds of cattlemen

who purchased feeders in Missouri

river markets at a cost of approxi-

mately $8 per 100 lbs. laid down fail-

ed to. make it pay, as when the cattle

were returned as fat beeves to the

market they did not pay expenses.

This lesson was so severe that it is

no wonder that many of them stayed

out of the feeder market this year. In

short, many of the former buyers de-

clined to buy feeders of the kind

bought last year at $8 for $7 this

year, while lots of good feeders aver-

aging around 900 lbs. went a begging

at around $7.50. At the same time a

good many feeder cattle were ship-

ped from Kansas City and Omaha hi.

to feeding districts, and more feeding

is being carried on in various states

this winter than was promised not

many weeks ago. But for all that,

great numbers of thin cattle on the

feeder and stocker order have been

sold to killers at extremely low pric-

es. Recently many Christmas beeves

have been marketed in Chicago and

elsewhere, these selling at high prices,

as they always do, but otherwise the

market has nothing to boast about.

There will be a superabundance of or-

dinary cattle for a many weeks,

but prime beef cattle will be scarce

and high in price in all likelihood.



H. D. Brent. of Smithshire, 111., mar-

keted three carioads of Angus year~

ling steers of his own feeding in Chi-

cago recently at $10 to $10.40 per 100

lbs. They were purchased as calves

in Omaha early last November at a

cost on that market of $8.85, and were

kept on corn and oats up to the first

of May, since when they have been





lg on grass and a full corn feed. Mr.





Brent is now putting on full feed an

other string of 110 calves.





The spring '





 





Na





; \ \



i: will “‘ .

I 1



lg.





For Stock '

and Poultry





Dr. ieGear's ‘

Remedies





One for

every curable. ,

ailment /"

The handles:

wounds In

21 inherent Remedies:th

Dr. LeGear's own prescrip-

80:1.me ” yeail' exper-

ience as an expert Veter-

inarian. Ask your dealer.

50c stock book free

Dr. Wear. 11‘ DIEGO.





pictures: on ailments.

treatmentandcareotstock





a 000





 





. . Milli-m“?





l f" ' ‘4





Heal sores

this handy way!





Collar and saddle cores. barb wire cute and other

wound. on stock are soothed and quickly cured by





Dr. LeGear’s Antiseptic

Healing Powder





remcd you ever heard of for stock





. powde .forni; packed in a sitter too can.

Just dust the wound With enough to cover it; that forms

. healing covering that protects the wound

from men. sects and infection. Keep a can on hand; you

need such a remedy often. Costa little-25c and 500 cans.





Free Trial can!





If your dealer cannot supply you with Dr. LeGear’s Anti-

septic Healing Powder-Jen no his name and we'll send

you, free. a liberal trial can. Write for it now.





and poultry. Write for it. DrLDJJGoar Modieino Co..71230wardMLLoui-.Ilo. .





 





fire—storms—win-

and mmer ;

First cos is only cost. Rein-

‘ , formed with car i ll

ilnuuul doorway—uni climbed ladder. "I

a. erloluruatuqnd price '-

... our“ “"5“



J. l. PRESTON CODANY



Defl- 309 huh. Kiel. . '





13" Abystqterlm (Him-filmmu l

.- “WSW





 





Won .TWO$ 5. l

“Glam, (Bannistflleh. ,..

”'u-"T’tkl-ulxm map:

yawn him-nc3'caiiomy v

Sanitary th-in-Oil Ore-m Separ—

ator. Be our "nlethtono

unit we- imn: to out-

wesr (booth—





prov ' gotta-5&-

.d uni-i. 23k.- money! a.





 





 





 





(NE '1 A Successful





' - Alfalfa Grinder





 





ll'..'. " Iiaffu' com in the bead. etc. Grinds oat hulls

I or screening: to flour. Silint running. sell-

- ski-lg. oell-sthcning—msuuzm be [as Pays for

se byuvingiucostafgrind-



[[2 ram mu. um _



_ T DlnTiuL Money“

“mama-i... M". .. mm...

Write for 'l'li'n Free Book

' Shielp. “your engineaudwe'llseodyou a



“which ‘ecnlinghanimalsfioe.

'mmmzu '1‘“ MM”

I

"llllIII-IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIF‘X 4





Midi-limb"





   

 

 





 





I! out an. to. line or I'll! woons. Save- my all

Macho. d f ml cute] 0. B44 showinc 10';





' and trim igmmumwfiqust order gets .

mas-mum... HWJIuIiIuISq Mi





Bill S B. HELMES 00.





“I‘M“ mince.





Commission Merchants

Poultry. Liveor Dressed. Dressed Hogs.s(;alves.





 





Sheep on less. .

Bank. Sullivan Packing Co. Shipments So .

Solis on Guaranteed.





 





Our customers demand large

quantities for Christmas. Ship

no dressed poultry until cold





'l'IlIlIlI'IYS

DUCKS weather.





(REESE

Twent seven ears in one store

CMCKENS assures Joel-lane: and reliability.





““175 chas. w. fluid 8. son





VEAI.

PRODUCE .Jsmw';r.;.....





H A OUR NEW LOCATION—





623-625 Wabash Bldg" Pittsburgh. Pa.



Daniel McCaffrey’s Son: Co-

F‘RMEns—We are paying:I from five to eight cents

above the his est omelal Dotroxt Market



quotation for your eggs shipped direct to us by ex-





preus. Write us for inform. ion It will pay you.

American Butter & Cheeoe 00.. Detroit. Mich.





 





 





 





HF. HARPSTER COMMISSION 00., Union Stock



Yards, Toledo, 0.. Sell live stock on commission,

get llllgthehft pricesfand best £31183}; Try them. Daily

mar c oroe 0 six 00 1 our into est.

Financially backed by over al.0003111, r





fitmfind Farm lands For Sale

The South—The Homeland





FOUR T0 SIX TONS OF ALFALFA. 60 to 100

ofcorntothcacre, lwtoWanacrefi-mn



fruit or truck opportunities for the stock ran-Jet and

dairyman. a climate which means two to four crops

3 year, pleasant home locations, attractive land

prices, are things the Send; offers h. are. Our

publications and spend information on request.



, I. V. RICHARDS



Suui ninu “(Land Agr.00m’r,Southei-ii Ry. Mao. . 1.7...

Room a Waanl. mam...





AUCTION SALE OF FARM





Because of age and ill health. will sell to highest bidder

my 345 acre farm located in Genesee Co.. Mich. lo

miles south of Flint. 6 miles north of Fenton. on stone

road. Best claysloum soil, Good well and stream. 15

room brick house. 9 room frame house, barn 92 x 52.

horsebaru 20 x 30. Silo l 2 x 32, out buildings. Will sell in

two parcels. Terms, hall cash. $500 to be deposited on

(lay of sale. time on bal. at 661. Sale on premises.





Wednesday, Dec. 29th, 1 P. M.‘

C. H. Knight. Prop. Stiles and Mortimore, Aur's.





FARM FOR SALE





A 4:! acre farm 1% mile eastol Centervllle.(‘ountysoat

of St. Joseph Co..Mlcli.. in extruneSoutlicrn Mich. Six

room brick house. fine shade around house. Plenty of

m i_'ll fruit. 2 small barns and.other out buildings. on

Ins-n road a R. F.D..handy'to school. Aflnelocstion.

13.1 d momly level and practicaly no waste land. Easy

'1 sins. Call or address, Owner,



Enos D. Yoder. Centenllle, Mich" R. No. 2.





FARM GOOD, CHEAP,





9 PRO F [TABLE





UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITIES now





State Board of Agriculhu'e, Dover, Del.





F0“ :‘LEJMO acres land located in Isabella 00.

-Michigan. Well adapted for oommotatoea.



beans and alfalfa. Thomu lily fenced. Write for



particulars. Brinton F. Ha , fielding. Mich.





mums Wimp-ms? “Wham W1“-

1 in. mp9 1. um

' . We help buyers locate defining

{closer-w Free. American Investment Aeoociafloo.

alace Bldg. Minneapolis, linn.





 





 





 





   

   

   

 

   

 





 





   





 





 





 





 





 





 





throughout 15 Eastern

Holey Making Farms sum; 1 were 1.000

acres. 815 per acre up; several withllvatock, tools,and

crops included. losettle estatm: biz illustmmd catn-

logue free. ' E. A. Strout Farm Agency, D801. 101. 47

W. 34th. St.. New Yin-k.





 





OR Sale or Trade for-small improved farm. Grocery

store, Itock and fixtures. Building with new cement garage

m. Slack 31600. Fixtures about“ lneludlngl'ord Dellvcy

on. helium per month business. Sand aloe. il-

Wfiofi. Box I. 12. In woof Michigan firmer.





Aflrstclus farm ofsoac oodbuild

F" :Il“ and {en within one ”311% of market.”

diurch andschool. oyd E. Lost. Oohoctah. Mich.





somm FARMS- seer W





Oh

for corn stockor general farming. MA

oomi. iis Hedi-on. ire-who, m





ow" v o u n o w nwwnmfiunoug.’

gait. Ask 'n. a. bi'i'i'fi'lrrr. Jmsom’fion.





m 8m mocresofimodfarm land. Goodbuild-

for “in MMG ’iWire gene:- and land agit-



II n I! 0" I'll ”0‘1”. or

gills-iguana. w. J. HEBRIAI. Almont. Mich.





 





 





fact!

Ship our quality to Ila

H A Y ”Wares...
596—20

___lllll3sllllll_s.'_olllscrollr.





Change of Copy or Cancellations must reachus

Ten Days before date of publication.





CATTLE.





ABERDEEN ANGUS





If you are in need of anextra good bull or a few choice

ionng cows or heifers, we have them for Sale. Our



erd is headed by the Grand Champion Black

Monarch 3rd. We invite you to come to our Farm and

see them. They are bred ri ht and riced right. U. L.

Clark, Hunters Creek. ch. Si ney Smith, Mgr.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS





HERD ESTABLISHED IN 1900.

TROJAN-ETHICAB and BLACKBIRDS only.

Also breeders of Percheron. Hackney and Saddle

Horses. Youn bulls and Percheron stallions for

sale. WOODC TE STOCK FARM. Ionia. Mich.

‘YBSHIBE —One of the foremost dair breeds. The



most economical milk r ucers. Calves

for sale. White Le h Dnroo Jersey





g on oockere s:

swine. Michigan School for the Deaf. FlintJdichigan.





 





 





 





THE VILLAGE FARM,

Grass Lake, Michigan,

GUERNSEY CATTLE.





 





MILO D. CAMPBELL CHAS. J. ANGEVINE





BEACH FARM

GUERNSEYS





The buyer of breeding stock should know that the

herd from which he buys is healthy. We believe the

Beach Farm Herd. is as near serfect health as is oss-

ible. The tuberculin test oes not show the east

sign of reaction. We never had a case of conta ions

Abortion. Have went a whole {far without call us a

Veterinary or giving a dose of l edicine.





\VE OFFER FOR SALE

Registered Guernsey Bulls

Very High Bred Grade Guernsey Cows

Bred Heifers, Open Heifers and Heifer Calves.





CAMPBELL 8i. ANGEVINE, Goldwater, Mich.

G U E R N 8 BY —nnorsrnann





BULL CALVES

Containin





blood of world ohamg‘i’ons.

HICKS’ OUER SKY FARM. Saginaw. . 8.. Mich.





 





 





 





 





TH‘E ' MICHIGAN FARMER





HERD '





of butter in a year.





Hengerveld Count eKol.





yet produced for yearly production.





D. D. AITKENll . .





Maplooroleomdiko Hongervol'd and Finderne Pontiac Johanna Korndyke





The two great Holstein sires at the head of the herd. Maplecrest Korndyke

Hengerveld’s dam and grand dam each made more than i200-lbs. of butter

ma year, and including the great grand dam each made more than 30-lbs. of

butter in 7 days. His sire has sired three daughters that averaged over 1200-1bs.





Finderne Pontiac Johanna Korndyke is the son of the world’s champion

cow, Finderne Pride Iohanna Rue, who gave 28,403-lbs. of milk and made

1470-lbs. of butter in ayear He was sired by a brother to the 40-lb. 4 yr. old

Mable Segis Kornd ke. The dam of the sire is a 30-lb. daughter of Pieterje

This is believed by many to be one of the most

productive combinations in Holstein breeding.



I take pride in tendering the services of these animals to the breeders of

Michigan who are interested in yearly production. Many people feel it is the

yearly work that makes the greatest profit and our effort is along the lines of

yearly records. These two herd sires represent the highest culmination ever





A few high class heifers in calf to Maplecrest Korndyke Hengerveld. and a few bull

calves from dams with records as high as 30-1bs. butter in 7 days, for sale.





 

 





 





" DEC. 25, 1:915. "'





 





 

 





 





SIRES





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





FLINT, MICHIGAN.





 





 





Purebred Registered

H O L S T E I N

C A T T L E





Superintendent Smith of the Geneva Experi-

ment Station says the average production of

butteriat per cow in New York State is about 100

pounds per year. The State College in Ithaca has

acow descended from common stock on one side

and from a line of purebred Holstein sires on the

other. This cow has produced 479 pounds oi fat in

a year. This is interesting as proof thatintelllgent

improvement of grade herds by use of Holstein

bulls can multiply the butter yield by four and

live. Investigate the big “Black-and-Whites.





Sand for FREE Illustrated Descriptive Booklets





'I'he Holstein-Friesisn Association oi America

F. L. Houghton. Sec'y.. Box I64. Bratileboro. VI.





 





 





 





 





REGISTERED Young Guernsey Bulls. great grand-

sons of Gov. Chene. Servicable a e nicely marked,





exceptional breeding. Avondale Stock arm. Wayne, Mich.





Wll SALE A choice lot of Registered Guernsey

cows. heifers and bullsof May Rose breed-

ing. H. W. WIGMAN. Lansing. Michigan.





 





of service age and calves from

Guernsey BUIIS choice. Adv. reg. breeding.





T. V. HICKS, Route I. Battle Ceeek, Mich.





Calves from A. R. dams and whose

allenwoy all" dams are running for A. R. One ready

for service. IG. A. WIGENT. Watervllet. Mich.





Re istered yearling Guemse

F or sale: Bull also Bull Calves. Writ:

JOHN EBELS. HOLLAND. MICH. R. No. 10.





re . forsale.Watervliet,Mich.May Rose

Cuernseys g Seven A. R. cows in herd.

Address J. K. Blatchford. Auditorium Tower. Chicago. Ill.





 





REGISTERED Guernsey Bulls from A. R. Dams.ready for

service. tubercular tested. also Registered Bullcalves from

A.R. Dams, at Farlllers' prices. Byers & Barnes.Coldwater,inch.





 





H t d Yearling and Calf bulls. Females all

C r C o r 3 ages. Polled and Horned. All re istered.

W. H. McCarty a: Sons. Bad Axe, ich.





 





Herefords—3 Bull Calves





ALLEN BROS. PAW PAW. MICH





Do You Want A Bull?





Ready For Servrce.



From 5 grand daughter of The King of the

Pontiaos. Bired by a bull that is more than a half

tein Cow of the

World. and whose dam is a 30 lb. 6% 5 fat daughter

of Pontiac Aggie Korndyke who has more ' lb.

daughters than any other living bull. If you do

write for pedigree.





EDWIN S. LEWIS. Marshall, Mich.





HOLSTEIN Bull Calf: Born Oct. 5. A splendid in-

dividual. well grown, and of choice breeding. Dam has

A.R.0.record, butter 7 days 18.04 lbs. milk 419.8 as a2yr.old.Sire

Albina Bonto Butter Boy No.93l2i. W. B. Reader. Howell.Mich.





The Two Greatest Bulls





KING 0F 'lhli PONTIACS

DE Kill. 211’s BUTTER BOY 3rd





Ihave young bulls from cows having hi h official

records and Granddaughters of above bul 8. Stock





fii'éfillgifijfiirggn urns,





“DAIRY TYPE Pl us' PRODUCTION

Equals Crandall’s





Holstein Friosian cattle





Two very Good young Bulls for sale. Sired by Beauty Walker

Pletertje Prince 2nd. No. 107058. Dam. flengerveld DeKol's

Best Daughter. Butter 38.62. milk 582.70. Write for Pedigree

ifvvanting bull.





Frank R. Crandall & Son, Howell, Mich.





$50 flats another 23110. old Hazel-let grandson of



aplecrest De Kol Part ea and Pontiac

Maid 31.2 lb. .butter 7 days. Dam races to Pontiac

Korndyke thce Pletertje 2nd twice. DeKol 2nd five

times. M. L. McLaulln. Redford. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





OLSTEIN BULL —a large big boned blocky fellow



6 mos. old.His dam isa cousin toFinderne Holingen

Fayne. the World's ecord 3 yr. old. Write for price

and pedigree. EAR PETERS. Samaria. Mich.





 





Choice Holstein Bull Calves





Ready for service, We rld's Champion Pareniage





lIIllCRES’I‘ FARM - Kalamazoo, Mich.





' Bull Calves and Cows



I BHVO I'IOIStelll BHIIS,d1mIgt Ilnoflerdfor gale.

wbreeding.records, in v us you attrac-



il33np5ié‘és. L. E. CONNELL. Fayette. Ohio.





Espanore Farm,





LANSING. MICHIGAN; d b

Offers for sale five Holstein Bull Calves s re y

the great bull Pledge Spofl‘ord Calamity Paul and

out of good A. R. O. cows. This sxre has more

daughters with records of over_30 lbs. than any

bull in the state. If you are looking for this kind

of breeding. write for prices 1:.ng godlgrees.



CHASE S. 08 .

ADAM E. FERGUSON. l ownm'





.



I o Notch Holstelns!

Before uying your bull look ahead and think of the

fine herd you hope to own in afew years. I' lift per

cent or over, of its value defends‘on your bull. if ere-

fore' get a good bull. An don t be too particular

abodt the price if you can be sure of the qua ity. McP.

Farms Co. sell 'bulls of strictly hi h quality. )VTrlte

them for a go bull or come an see their .Op-

Notch" bulls for yourself. McPherson Farms Co..liowell,llilch.



—Is son of former state





I I I

Registered Holslsm llull Sire chm...“ .0... 3,

pounds of butter in 7 days; two months old: mostly

white; a beauty in ever particular. brings hiim

right to your station. so 0 arrival guaranteed. KAI/r :16

for pedigree and photo. Hobart W. Fay, Mason. 1c .





TEIV-FRIESIAN bargains. High grade heifers

Hggsto $751 each. Reg. heifers $100 to SloOeach. Belg.

Bulls $40to $75 each. B. B. Beavey. Akron. Mic .





HATCH HERD





YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN





Re istered Holstein-Friesian sires. randson's of

Wor d's reatest dairy sire, out of cho ce 0.

dams an King Pontiac Jewel Korndyke; Brother of

K. P. Pontiac Lass 44.13; average record of 50 dams in

his pedigree 31.25 in 7 days: average per cent of fat

three nearest dams 4.37: of his own dam 4.93. Sires in

first three generations already have over 600 A. R. .

daughters. A few females bred to “King". Prices

reasonable.





FOR SALE





Registered Holstein bulls ready for service; and

registered Holstein bull calves. the best breeding in

the world grandsons of Grace Fa ne 2nd’s Homestead.

Pontiac Kornd ke. King Fayne egis and Hengerveld

D Kol. The sum of these bulls and calves. have

large advanced registry records For prices, write





Callam Stock Farm, 204 Boarlnssr Bldg" Ssglnanllcn.





 





 





We will take your note for one year at Sir-then

y no bn' a





HOLsEElN BULL





at once. and get pick of 12 from best Breeding in

Michigan. Send for pricedand pedigrees.

LONG BEACH FARM, AUG S . MICH.





FOR SALE Registered Holstein Bulls





ready for service. and bull calves. also females.

FIEEHAN J. FISHBECK. Howell. Michigan.





Reg. Holstein Friesian Bull Calves





rom hesv producing dams. Bar ain rices.

DEWEY C. PIERSON. Had ey. Michigan.





 





Duroc Jersey Bears and Sows

The Record of this Herd at Detroit Proves Conclusively that Our Durocs Have the

Individuality and Blood Lines that Insure Good Results.





Choice Spring Pigs and Mature Stock. A large herd gives ample opportunity for

selection. Send for our new circula and state your wants. Write, or better come.





Swine Dept, Breakwater Farm, Ann Arbor, Mich.





' ' Allfrom A.R.. 0. Dams. Semi-of-

chow' IIOI3ICIII BIIIIS- yearly records 720 lol.butter in Jr.

4yr. old class toover 1000 lbs. in mature class. Breeding: Cross

“King ofthe Pontiacs" and the "Demmick blood. "Cherry

Creek Stock Farlll.Hilliards. Mich. M. E. Parmelee. Proprietor.





 





I I

Holstein-Friesmn pliiflé..°“1'>l.?f’n§§ retool:





Hengerveld DeKol breeding. John A. Rinke.lVarren.Mich.





 





' ' BULL CALVES 2 . ld

ROEISlOTflI IIOISlCIII from heavy produciiig8 Hagmfat





reasonable prices. Fred J. Lange, Sebewalng. Mich.

12 Registered Holstein heifers. 3 to_'15 mos, $125each,



delivered. 4 are bred. Also bull calves. too cheap to

mention price. Ernest A. Black, 1t. 3. Howard City. Mich.





$75.00





Bu s afinre bred Holstein bull calf 11mos.old. a son of

Co ant a Johanna Creamelle Lad. One of the ood

producing sires. GEO. D. CLARKE. Vassar. ioh.





CLUNY STOCK FARM





100 Registered Holetems 100

When you puchase a Registered Holstein Sire to head

your herd. you want one that will add to the milk and

utter productivcness of the coming generations. By

purchasing from a large herd. you get the benefit of

selection. and the test work we are doing. I! in need of

a Sire ready for service, {am sure we can please you.





Correspondence solicited.

O

Howell, Mich.





R. B. McPherson.





APLE Lane R. of M. Jersey Herd. Tuberculin tested

by the U. S. Government. For sale R. of M.

cows, bull calves and heifer calves from R. of M.

dams and grand dams and Hood Farm Sire.

luVlN FOX. Allegan. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





Lillie Farmstead Jersey Cattle. Bull calves from R.

of M Cows. also heifer calves and several bred





heifers {or sale. Colon o. Lillie. Coopersville. Mioh‘





 





Dairymen !





—The Truth





You may be meiudiced against

e Jersey use you don't





hnow her. Look her up. She's

the Money Cow.





G t This B k— hlstory' of

the faced and Hill of Every intern





esilng tests and facts. it proves

Thig conclusively that for pure dairy type, econ-

Book omy of production. richness of milk. long

life and adaptability to feeds and climates

-—all these combined-1h: stands way



aboveJliem all. This book About one

Cattle .Is free. Get your copy now. ou'll



find iI mighty good reading.





The American JerseyCattIe Club

346 West 23rd Street, New York City





 





 





THE WILDWOOD Jersey Herd. Re istered Jersey

Cattle of Quality. Herd headed by Majesty's Won-

der 90717, one of the best sons of Royal Majesty. The

daughters of Majesty's Wonder are mated to a son of

MaJesty's Oxford King. Herd tuberculin tested. We

have for sale a few choice young bulls for fall service

from high producingcows. Alvin Balden. Capac,Mioh.





erseys. Bulls ready for service. extrgfiuality sired

by Jacoba's Fair Emanon. No. 107 , from hi h

producing dams. S ITH do PARKER. Howell.Mic .

from high-producing dams.with



1373,01 Bull: I" sale testin Asso. records. also on

semi-official test. 0. B. We ner. R. 6. Allegan. Mich





Je rseys For Sale

Young Cow just Fresh.

Waterman & Waterman. Ann Arbor. Mich.





$100 Buys Jersey Bull. Calved March 5. 1913,

Sir-ed by Prince of Oxfordale, his Grandslre

Marstons Interested Prince. Sire of ten cows in R. MM.

and he by Interested Prince, First Prize Yearling bull

at Pan American Ex osition 1901. sire of 32 cowsln

R. of M. R. B. F0 LER. Hartford. Mich.





 





 





HILLSIDE Farm Jerseys. yearling bulls. solid

color.half brothers to ex-world's-reoord senior 2yr

old and from B. of. M. dams with records from lbs.



lbs. 0. and o. DEAKE. Ypsilanti. Michigan.

"ILKIHH Sllllllllllllllls Bull 10 months old $15.00.

. 7 months 3100 00. 2 cows.





DAVIDSON a HALL. Tecumseh. Michigan.





Shor‘i‘llorn Cattle oi boil: Sex for Sale





. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan.





 





 





8 o n b lls also'females. farm

SIIUFIIICI'IIS For sale Mym‘illegea‘slt of Davis crossing on

A. A.R. R. W. B. McoUlLLAN. Howell. Mich.





 





hmw'fl'lgifiii“ Eillfg‘iftbgfdfé‘éléd““l¥





 





 





CSON. B.D. 7. Flintl’fiiioh: lSecy. Cant. Rich. Shorthorn, Brosders' Assn.. chride. Mich.





—D l or beef bred. ; Breeding stock all

SIICI’lIICI'IIS agens lair sale at farmers prices. 0. W. Crum.





 





‘i Brownian summons-“s





. and 2 Holstein cows.





‘ Fer “Beef and Milk'!





Registerengulls. Cows.

an .‘heifers'. Scotch-

toppedroan’s. ,nd rods

for e.~ . arm at

'N. Y. tral De t.

also D. T. .t 1.. y.

- IIDWELLS'I'OCK PM“!

30! B. Tecumseh. Mich.





 

 

 





 





 





 





Albion Stamp MTG

for sale. Have





Shorlhorn and Mad Durham... .0... m

white. C. CARLSON. LeRoy. Michigan.





Fill sale-18 Short Horn Bullsby MaxwaltonMonarch

, 2nd, a son of Avondale from2 to 13 mos. old

John Schmidt. Reed City. R. No. 5.. Michigan.





I: s l ~3 Bull Calves Sired b a 30m. Bull. 1 from

I" a e a28.581b .dam. A o 2 heifers 8 and 15

months old. Wm. Griffin. R. No. 5, Howell. Mich.





H003. ‘

Duroos &. Victoria—“M" .. em.





due March and A ril.

00m rising the b ood

of Superba. Defender. Much Col.

Afew young boars. M. T. STORY Lowell. Mich.





 





 





 





rions and others.





I have started thousands of breedere on the road

to success. 1 have a very large and line herd. Every

one an early-developer. ready for marhei al all

months old,‘ i wsni to place one hog in each com-

munity to advertise my hard. erle today.





0. S. BENJAMIN Portland. Michigan; .





   





 





 





   

 

 





 





 





 





Two S ring Boers left.





BERKS" IRES choice ot'oi {all gilts for said





A. A. Pattuilo, R. N 0. 4. Deckervllle. Mich





 





erkshires—sons. daughters, grandsons, granddaugh-

tersfof such noted boars as Rival’s Champion.Baron

Duke 170th. Symbeleer's Star 2nd. Grand Champion

breeding. at furnlers' prices. T.V.Hichs. R.l.Batt1e Creek.Mich.





lioyallon Brod Berkshires—£13, grabs; “Afyn‘i‘t’filn





Emperor. registered with papers at fair prices. Write

to D. F. Valentine. Supt. Temperance, Michigan.





SWIGARTDALE BERKSHIRES





Are the kind that win at the Fairs and also produce

the litters as all of our show stock are regnla reeders.

They have the size with the bone to ca them and

their breeding is unsurpassed. All the] 11:3 families

are represented. We have a few choice Sp ng Boars

now crowding the 300 lb. mark. for sale. rices from

$20 up. 9 are now booking orders for all pigs for

January delivery]. Can furnish choice Tries not akin.

for $45 to 550. e Guarantee Satisfaction.





Swlgaridale Farm. Pelersburg, Mich.

of best breeding. 8 coin] price





on two Spring oars.

Wixom. Michigan.





 





Berkshires





D. W. SMITH.



' at out rices. Choicespringboars. 0 nor

BCTkSIIIrC' bred glplts. Sow farrow in DecemberPeFall

pigs, no akin. Chase’sStock Farm. Marlette,Mich. R.1.



' I have for sale young Boars and

M0d."' Barkshlr's- sows of May fan-owing. Also

a few sows about ten mos. old of approved types. and





aristocratic breeding that] will sell at prices below market

values. Correspondence solictited. M. l. Ogilvie, 3 Oaks. Iich.





 





 





' Of various ages. either sex open orbred

BOTk‘IIII'OS- prolific strains, Registere . at moderaté

price. Elmhurst Stock Farm. Almont. Michigan.





 





DUROC JERSEYS—$.10; Bii’i’ii’fi

ready to ship. Carey U. Edmonds. Hastings. lioh.

Cagitol Herd Duroc~ Jersey Swine. Established 1888‘





pring igs for sale. satisfaction guaranteed. '

press prepard. J. H. Banghln. East Lansing. Mich.





 





. -Big Type, Heav Boned Bears read

Illlroc 1078018 for service, real lierd headers Sired b;

Volunteer Grand Champion. F..l. Drodt. 8.1. Monroe. lich





——oonoo JERSEY oolns “hm ca 0"t—f_‘_° Mb...

I“ 11 i

not akin. w. c. warriors? Tl..£3‘.”nt‘étli‘28?

—Fall and springpigs either sex. from

’ AHL





llllroc JGTSBYS choice strains. 8 O MAN.





 





CHERRY LAWN rum. shepiior'd. Michigan.

1. W. KEEIEY, Elie. Mich. E;?.°.%°fi.,°§..f’§rg<3





local from Monroe or Toledo, Keeney Stop.

DUROO Jersey. Mar. & Se t. pi? either sex sired by

a son of Volunteer. An two olstein bull calves



’ E. H. Morris. Monroe. Mich.





Big llsavy Boned lluroc Jerseys itii‘it'fidffléfifi‘ifiz

M. A. BRAY, Okemos, Inch-m Co.. Michigan.





DUROG JERSEYS—03.3?“ §fi3‘°€w:°lf£n‘;’°do§5

WW

Choice spring boars and sows of best





Illlroc J'rs'ys'breeding also 5 high grade Holstein

l-1_eifers due in Dec. Pricedto sell. E.R.Cornell.Howeil.Iich.





of the growthy. heav b0 (1

Hume Jers.’ Boar: tyre alsoafewvgilts. hustle?

tion invited. E. D. HE DioNllEaK, ayland.Mlch.





DUROCS of the best of breedin . April farrow.

_Either sex. The gilts wr 1 be bred for Apr.

farrow. Price $20. to 325“) while they last.



' H. G. Keesler. R. No. 5.. Cassopolie. Mich.





FOR SALE. £333.85??? .Duiiios.

TEKONSHA, Calhoun





CHESTER VllllTES:’$i§6l°§.gx.tyw3h§§3}$°w§indt

Meadow View Stock Farm. R. 5, Holland, Michigan.





' Chester White males and females. Re .

IlBgISlOTId Holstein male calves, herd bull and cowg.

Parham’s Pedigree Stock Farm. Bronson, Mich.





HAMPSHIRE SWINE A few choice March and

0 April boars. Also two



good yearling boars. Yearlinfidand Spring Gilts sold

0 en or booked. to be bred for arch orA ril furrows.

all pigs single. pairs or trios not akin. rice to sell.

Write me yourwants.Flnyd Myers. R 9.Decs.tnr. Ind.





H AMPSHIRE HOGS-the belted beauties. One year-

ling boar and spring pigs. either sex. Write our

wants. John W. Snyder. t. Johns. Mich.. R. o. 4.





HAMPSHIRE SWINE. “3.53““





makes such big gains on pasture. Have a few choice

fall pig for sale. also one July boar. have a very

choice erd of breeding sows o the best blood lines,

headed by a mammoth son of the Great Look Out. Am

booking orders now for sprl- pigs. can furnish airs

and tries not akin. Geo. E. tarr, Grass Lake. 1011.





Breeders' Directory—Continued on page 697.





Roseanne“

0.. Michigan. ' - '
fifinnc. 25. 1915.





 





muwmmuwmm1. - . - --v .





jg" Veterinary. g





 

     





.Hlu'." 'l"" -;1‘...|.





 





CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR. V. S.





 





Pig Has Rheumatism—One of my

pigs went lame a short time ago;

most of soreness is in hind legs, and

I have thought his hind quarters were

sweenied some. I am inclined to be-

lieve he has been too well fed. S. W.

C., Yale, Mich—Apply equal parts of

turpentine, aqua ammoma and raw

linseed oil to back and hind quarters

daily. Give him live drops tincture

mix vomica at a dose three tunes 9.

day. Feed less corn. more . oats, oil

meal and tankage. Keep him clean.

dry and warm. . .



Mare Thin and Nervous—l have an

eight—year-old driving mare that; is

very high-litcd and it is impossible to

keep flesh on her. When first taken

out of stable she appears to be sore in

tore quarters, but after traveling a

short distance the soreness leaves her,

but if allowed to stand a half hour she

becomes sore. When legs are pressed

above ankle joints, she flinches. G.

J. 3.. Glndwin, Mich—-Apply equal

parts of tincture iodine and camphor—

ate'd oil to tender spots about tetlocks

every day or two. Give 1 dr. potas-

sium iodide at a dose twice a day. An

animal of this kind if driven usually

remains



Mare Perspires in Stable—l have a

mare five years old that is apparently

well, but thin. When in stable it is

not unusual to find perspiration on

flanks which has some odor. H. W.,

Perrlnton, Mich—She should be clip-

ped, or else admit more fresh air into

stable, and clothe her.



Blotches on Body.——I have a 12-year-

old mare that is troubled with little

blotches or boils on different parts of

body which causes her a lot of trouble.

“’hatever this ailment is, it causes

considerable itchiness and she is very

fond of being brushed. I first noticed

this ailment two years ago. S. H. H.,

Stockbridge, Mich—Give her 1,9 oz. of

Donovan’s solution at a dose in feed

three times a day. Groom her well

and apply a two per cent solution of

coal tar disinfectant to itchy parts of

body once a day. _



Bone Spavin.—-I have a four-yearold

mare that had bone spavin on each

hind leg; called a Vet. from Detroit

who fired her but she has not recov-

ered and is yet lame in one leg. M. L.





‘l





A., Plymouth. Mien—Have her fired 11...,





again.



Thick Urine—I have a 12-year-old

mare that had her first colt August

1; both mare and colt have done well

since, but the mare’s water is thick

and milk-like, but so far as I can tell

she is well. A. E. D., Decatur, Mich.

~Give her 1 oz. of cooking soda at a

dose in feed two or three times a day,

and a small quantity of salt daily.

Also be sure that her water supply is

of good quality.



GargeL—I have a cow eight years

old that treshened ten days ago. giv-

ing milk from only three quarters of

udder. I am told she has garget af-

fecting one quarter. E. S., Owosso,

Mich.~—Rub blocked quarter with one

part iodine and 15 parts fresh lard

once or twice a day.



Infected Udder.—-I have a cow that

came fresh last April which is ocea-

sionally giving stringy milk from one

quarter of udder during the whole

summer and fall. Mrs. R. H. W., Ate

lanta, Mich—Apply one part fluid ex-

tract of belladonna and seven parts

olive oil with gentle hand rubbing

twice a day. She should be milked

clean and milk from this quarter not

used. Give 1;; oz. hyposulphuite of

soda once a day.



Indigestion—I have a calf that is 10

months old which is bloated most all

the time. It is fed hay, oats and po-

tatoes. R. J. K, Conklin, Mich—Give

calf lé oz. hyposulpfilfe of soda three

times a day until bloat is relieved,

then reduce dose. It is perhaps need-

less for me to say that a change of

feed is often necessary; besides, the

calf should be exercised two or three

times a day.



Ptomaiue Poisoning—Would like to

have you tell me what ails my cat;

the first symptoms are dullness fol-

lowed by straining and vomiting of a

greenish colored water with some

froth. These symptoms continue and

the cat usually dies after 48 hours‘

illness. Today one was taken sick

and in the water there were two

worms about four inches in length. In

June, 1914, my eats all died, then last

July an old cat. and kittens, then this

fall I lost two more. They appear to

all show the same symptoms and are

seldom sick tor more than a day or

two. ' . M. U., Chestonia. Mich.—

Your cats become infected bv eating

inmated. food and doubtless die the re-





 





THE. .MICHi





A“'-;‘li{.1h:21'1!11.‘l.“12*"|1é! :f ‘i ; 5.3.





 





 





'Ij ,! -.' «In x, -‘1.





CAN, .FARMER





. ,.»,1;11-..

I . _,.:; ‘.'::,,1... "w .19 ,_ .v' .v,





31c DRIVIS





 





21—597





 





 





   

 

 





 





 

 





4/, h' o. y.

’4' -’-'..’





"ll" , I





 





 





 





l llllllIIIIll!llHIllllIlll1lllllllllullllllllllllllllIIIIIIlllllllllllIllIllIlllllllIIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIlllllIl|llllllllllllllIllmlllmflllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllmllllllllllllIIHIllllllllllllmIlllllllllflllllllllllllllfllllllllllflll .f





r ‘w.- - I.

n :1.'l'~.":-1H "1





Your Cull

Beans and Small

Potatoes.

Mum—mm



topmfl-produduhnd

«nuns- rsvonmr'





an cum .4 noun

b— cncufitsed to pr I: itself

my her roots. Inlay out every dog.

may on indoors

Ll any rule]. llo brick tonndzfion. 80

do)! inc trill. 5m (Innu-

teed. Interesting. convincing drui-





huh-no.

Lowl- Mfl. Co. 61-78 Owns ..





 





 





J





1.11m summarise a...W°...fld..'-..m.mm;

. 6 So

and become independent with no capital invested.

of the business taught in 5 weeks.

for free Millag-

AT’L SCHOOL 1' AUCTIONEERING;

Cu” ll. Jones, PM.





(find, N. I.





 





Write Sod

JONES‘

3 H. Sncnnnnto Hod“ Chic-co. Ill.





CATTLE





10 ngh Bred Holstein Heifers 1-yr. old. 1

line grade Holstein Bull x3mo. old) at white.

.0. l. C. Boar 9 mo. old. lReg. 0.1. C. Sow 9 mo.

‘20 Pure Bred Barred Bock Cock





. ll. No. 2.



, —~A cod registered Shorthorn

For $8 le Bug call 9 months old, weight

7501118. C. V. Tracy. Ithaca. Michigan.





 





 





FOR SALE-

hii“ erels.

Elsie. Mich.





 





 





 





O . SWIN 1‘33“ 1%.“:

M...“ W 1" i: m...‘ “3.3m? Harm‘s:

A°§ s&hnsu.’§“ No. 2 Dorr. Michigan. '

Serviced) ' Gil . .d. S '

1|. 3 - mg. not {infill'fioml‘iimfi‘éimeni’élli

low plcia and photo. Alvin V.Hatt. Grass Lake,Mich.

—yenrl ' f n ' . v

0- '- G’s mdglgw%ifiill§ctign gpiigian er.

A. B. GRAHAM. Flint. llchlzan.

REGISTERED 0. l. C. 30135 8 GILTS

Elf: cla- tall 3;? nt reasonable prices.

. CARL 1'2 1'1“. Mason. Mich.

‘ NG BOARS f l ' d

O. l. C. "m 3.1 p.11.a‘1’...1‘i“§.§1v2i.p° a“

John Burner and Son. Grand Ledge. Mich.





0. l. C.’s S'flllCl'LY BIG TYPE.





Ma 11. A I'll and Ma Sired by Lenghty Prince.

Whitiaclonpamh and 117.33: Choice all big 12ng boars

cows weighimr from 51» to 700lbs. wit (finality

mud to none. Can furnish in pairs not akin. ricec





ransom!

We: Stock Fun. Marlene. Mich. R. I.

Bows bred fior March and April far

to ll F





00 ‘0 0- row. Priced so . rombestof

stock. I. B. MILETT. Fowlerville, Michigan.





f"

.l.C





 





 





 





 





 





a l 9 Choice 18mm. oldbocr. GrandChamp.atWest

I ' - Mic . State Fair IRS also Mar. and Apr. gilts.

A. J. BARKER. BBLMONT.MICH. R. No. l‘.





 





0 I c ’5 3111137 boars. Brod gnu; with size

‘ ‘ ‘ and quality. 822 to 830 each.

C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Ill





 





lay Milan Shel Fun. 33.33% £3.35 "

nor-ale. Whoa. J‘. anLnl-oomml. nu.





 





serviceable boon. tried sows. gills bred for

g-Hamhnnd lfnno' sum ersndtnll

m. o. n. {Home 92mm. in





O. l. c. wrmw “FEEL?





O. I.

In:





. ¢§\\\\\x§\§\‘





\\





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





He cats





 





 





The scrub must go!

Everybody subscribes to that.

He is an undesirable boarder.





and returns less.





THE BREEDEWS GAZETTE is the

recognized leader in the

movement in behalf of well-

bred farm animals.





, It costs but $1 aycar, includ-

ing‘a big HOLIDAY NUMBER.





Why not subscribe for 1916?





Free sample copy on appli-

cation.





morc than his share





 





 





Address THE BREEDER’S GAZETTE. Room 1125, 542 Soulh Dearborn St, Chicago





memmm1mmmmmmmmmmmmmnImlmmumwmmwmmmnnmmmmmm 11





o. 1. c. and 03125115: WHITE SWINE





Biz 1;) with quality . \Ve havethe undefeated breeders

young erdat seven State him this your. “in: we"

fired bv Abo 2nd. one of our many good herd boars.

Spot-la prices on all imam tor the next 30 days. _

a Gilt bredto the Great Schoolmaster. tbs highest





llllllllllllllllllllllllHHNIII"Ill“lllllllllflllllllllllllhHlllllllllflllHllI“HillHIHHIHIHIIIHIllIllllfllllllllIiIHEllllIllllllllHHlIllllHHIIllllllllHlI!llHHIIIIHHNlllllllllllll![lllllllllfllllflllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llmllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllfllfll , .





.4





.1111





‘ a M d Stanton, Mich. Colby's Ranch. has

- - II 3. forsale we head of Registered Poland

China Boon andSowc. Prices reasonable.





 





. lulshirn Sada Boarsfllfi .‘i‘éi‘ixllf‘si‘flm .33“





Send for Photos. CHAS. ME’I‘Z. Evart. Mlch.





 





 





rieed boar of the breed. Champion. over «- -

rim for our big catalogues with history of the best

herd in the whole country. no and see them.





Idling lbw Slack isms. Bass Bit), link.





0 I C Choice Spring boats and bred Gilts.

0 0 - We pay Express and R ”9081' free.

Glenwood Stock Farm, Zeelnnd. lchlgcn.





0 I C, Spring Boom and silt bred

. o s. sows. Write

JULIAN P. CLAXTON. Flint. “lawn. B- 8.





 





legislated O. I. B’s. flfifififlgfifi ffi’fuuiroul‘m‘“

large libero. Enact E. Smith. Redford. Mich.





 





HOROUGHBRED pedigreed 0.I.C. shoals $12 for

males and 515 tor females. l





are

I". W. Mucklnder. Halfll'lllc. Mich.





 





POLAND-CHINAS





From our thousand pound Grand

Champion Boar and Big Stretchy





Saws, of best breeding. Spring Boats

at a bargain. .

Hillcrest Farm, . Kalamazoo, Mich.





 





[6 TYPE P. 0. Either sex. lulu or tries not akin-

Bred cows and cilia Have several won I pro.

spouts. Absolutely no larger broodi . Everything

guaranteed right. FRANK KRUGEB. mnaJlioh





‘lts bredf M -l-1 ' .

Hill“ Will ‘i-‘o Fall ‘1’»? .aifauél‘é‘ul‘f‘éfii

“teed. G. W. HOLTON. alnmazoo. Michigan.





 





mum cums smashes. scream

A. A. WOOD & SUN. Saline. Mlthl‘nn.





 





' two extra good Summe Y . rl‘

[m Slr‘lll P. - Bmim.‘ Bred ills arer all‘sgl

spring pigs that an) beauties. si by Big Defender





the hour that everybody goes wild over.





Come an

see him. H. O. SWARTZ. Schoolcmft. Mic





 





Largest in M ich. Bnarpigs ready for



[-3ng I pe P- c' servicegood enoughtogoanywbere.



guilt or orgielt’z first cigar; lPrir-olrlll to sell. Sired



y we am are in ‘me 'vory to visitors

W. E. LIVINGSTON. PARMA. MICH.





Bane A

URBE "PE P. c.Bou-alv1:ysamle..l3roodpm§:g “slit

lnFebrucry. W. J. HAGELSHAW. Augusta. Mich.





BONED PQLAND CHINA Sprint: Bears and

gllts not akin. Also olderstock. Prices right.

CLYDE FISHER, St. Louis. Mich.





 





 





' ' .~Bred from

Spring Pigs at Half Price. the lam“

strain of Poland China on earth. none bigger. If

you ever expect to own a registered Poland China.

this is your opportunity. Got busy and order at. once.

Pairs and tries not skin :15 each. A few bred sows at

J. 0. BUTLER. Portland, Mic-h. Bell Phone.





' —-Westem bred extra large

Big TV!” Poland “lull! boned. Stock for sale. Pairs

not akin Satisfaction guaranteed!

W. BREWBAKER & SONS. Eula. Mich. R. No. 5.





25.





 





 





Big: Type Bears all sold. Have several good Gills

bred to Smooth Jumbo. Jr. Top Bear of J. l).

Odlin Solo. Pricbd fluid to :oquick. Ll). GregoryJo-iaJlich.





 





16 Type Poland China Gills. bred to a good son of

Wonderful Wonder. He sold in Iowa for 8625. This

wmp lease you. Robert Martin. R. 7, Hastings. Mich.





m cm Spring Piueithor sex. both medium

‘ ‘ and big typefromlargellttem Prices

right. L. W. Barnes & Son. Bryon. Michigan.

25 BIG TYPE POLAND CHINA boars sired by Bk



Smooth Jumbo R10 lbs. at 20mins. and Giant Des

mmvnm at 17 mos. Anni-Inci- '





s . Sent.

0.0.1). Write orcomenndsee lsohead or good bl:

ups. Wm.Wn1fle. Goldwater. Michigan.





Fur 8d. hind Olin: manta.

’. 0.1.0:. 2. ED. No. 3. Grand Rapids.

MMhludOhlmanddl It





 





 





. Some-

rice.

lch.





 





n. w. IAlIll'. m. .





 





sult of pt'omaino poisoning.





0...... me some... M13?"





 





G lltc bud forspring

farmw. Service





Large Yorkshiros

boars. ' all Prices Reasonable.

for": £5]. ADA. MICHIGAN.





COOK. 1

llu‘e‘e'Hsmmwi'éswmfims“

SHEEP.



Good Yearlin





“lion! 0m Slmp- and awe- of nl





M. F. GANSSLEY. Lennon. Ml





 





 





Field Buns

tor sale.

lgun.





(him! llm Show and Pulled Bum Gallic





 





Wgt. l‘or Sale. J. A. DeGanno. R. No. 25. Muir. Mich





Registered Oxford Down Sheep.





1.. N. OLMSTED. J. SPAANS.





Ram Lambs.

Yearling Ewes.

1311 IR. M [08.





OXF O R DS- ":3.§:.?J°

0. M. YORK. MILLINGTON. MICHIGAN.





Shropshire and Guard

ewes bred to imported





 





 





8 la. l lhe Bo 1‘ Akh'. K‘lldkihook.





 





Hams. few choice young





Home: and llelaines. E. . a... and E... 1......

Write S. H. SANDERS. AS TABULA. OHIO.





Shropshire Ewes For Solo

DAN BOOHER. B. 4. Evart‘hllchlgnn.‘





FOR SALE_ 70 head coarse wool





Breeding Ewes. w 'te

H. c. WEEKS. Aileen. Michigan. n





 





 





 





HORSES





 





"' LOESER BROS.





We have 100 head of Belgian and Per-

cheron Stallions and mares. Imported and

home bred. We have sold pure bred horses

in Michigan for the last‘25 years,and have

the right. kind, and at the right price. We

can supply any numberofwork horses, both

geldings and mares. Get, in touch with us.





”comm, INDIANA.

Percheron Opportunity





70 llead musl be sold to close Estate.





General No. 67466 winner of Senior Grand Cham.

pionship at 1911 International at head of herd

for two years.





A. A. Palmer, Estate

(8.11.) Orleans. (P. 0.) Boldlnz. Mlch





FOR SALE—manna PONhOmn Stallion Hare-





 





Fllllcs at re bl -

“ invited- r. L. KING 4: sb'fit‘bfir 333.113.





Roglstcrcd Poreherons

Brood mares. Fillies and Youn Stallions. Priced

coll. loni vlbd.



L. C. HUNT & 00.. cm Rnoldc. Mutant.





Mums, Holstein. he! , 8 him, Dunc:

008





R D. BUELL. min.





but as I am not in the live stock business. 3500'

will buy him. ‘00

Geo. E. Burr. Grass Lake. Michigan.
598—22





flllllllllfi





Practical





MIMIllflllll





CEREAL FOOD PRODUCTS.





 





BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.

(Continued from last week).

Oatmeal the Great Breakfast Food.



From an almost remote period oat-

meal has been used as a breakfast

porridge and is probably, by the ma-

jority of people, considered to be at

the present time the most ideal break-

fast food. It has found use in a vari-

ety of other ways in the form of pas-

try and subsidiary articles of diet. In

our country wheat and its milled pro-

ducts, particularly the finer grades of.

flour, find very extensive use in the

form of bread. Continental countries

use rye to a considerably greater ex-

tent than is done in this country. Rye

is not, however, considered as palata-

ble and attractive as is bread made

from wheat. Corn is used principally

in pastry food materials, puddings,

cakes, etc., and as a thickener and

filler for gravies, while the use of rice,

fields from a limited use as a break-

fast food, is confined almost entirely

to puddings and certain like articles.

Wheat has been used as a breakfast

food but it has never reached the enor-

mous demand in this way which has

been allotted to cats.



The Origin of Prepared Breakfast



Foods.



Probably the greatest impetus to the

use of cereal products in the diet has

come through the introduction some

years ago of the so-called breakfast

foods. It is quite customary and us-

ual to consider this impetus to have

been given by the Postum Cereal Com-

pany. While this company has been

very prominent, perhaps the most

prominent exploiter of the breakfast

food idea, we do not understand that

it was the originator of the idea. As

far as the preliminary preparation of

the food is concerned, by the manu-

facturer, the idea probably originated

in the Battle Creek Sanitarium, which

institution for a long time preceding

the introduction of postum products

or any other cereal foods, had been

using on their tables certain products,

such as prepared oat and wheat foods

as well as cereal substitutes for cof-

fee and tea. But certainly the general

public have been made acquainted

with cereal foods more particularly

through the remarkable and astound-

ing advertising campaigns which have

been carried on by the large break.

fast food manufacturers. Just how





THE""M;ICHIGAN FARMER





.'llll llIllllllIII|llllllllllIllll||lllllllll||llIllIllllllllllllllllllllIIIllllllllmllllllllllIllIIlllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllll||lllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllflllllll. llll|IllllllIllIlllllllllllllllIllllHIIlllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfil





Science.





islI‘llllllllIlllllllllllllllllilllllllll-'





llllllllllllllllllllllll|l||Illllll|||IIIlll|IllIllllllIll!|lllllll|ll|Illl||IllIlll|IlllIIllll|llllIlll||IIlil||llllIIlllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllIlllllllll|llllllIllllllllllllllllllllllll||lllllllllllIlllIllllIllllllllllllllllllllllé-fl





standpoint, is difficult to decide. There

was a time a few years ago when it

seemed that the old regular class of

breakfast food products, such as oat-

meal, would be completely driven

from the market, such was the de-

mand for such a convenient class of

food as the prepared breakfast foods.

This has been succeeded at the pres-

ent time by. a perhaps more sensible

use of these materials, which has re-

sulted likewise in the establishing of

the cereal breakfast food business

upon a more substantial and more

economical foundation.

The Label Speaks More Truth Today.



These products are valuable addi-

tions to the diet and since the pas-

sage of the Food and Drugs Act which

has made it desirable, in fact neces-

sary, for the appearance of more truth-

ful statements upon the labels of these

package foods, there has been a saner

demand for them, and it is safe to as-

sert that these institutions which are

now manufacturing successfully these

products and finding a market at the

present time for them are engaged in

a business which will call for the sub-

stantial support of consumers.



The Demand for White Flour.



Probably the cereal food product

which is in greatest demand among

our people is wheat. Bread, the di-

rect product of the flour from Wheat,

is used practically three times a day

in one' form or another. There has

been a great effort among flour man-

ufacturers in this country to produce

each year a higher grade flour. By

higher grade they have usually meant

a flour Whiter in appearance. Ameri-

can flour is called “White Flour”

abroad, and the desire for white flour

which has been created no doubt by

the public demand for appearance has

stimulated manufacturers to each year

introduce processes which will result

in the production of whiter flour. In-

sofar as any ordinary milling or sep-

arating process can be invoked, to ac-

complish this end, we see nothing

wrong in the process. We know that

the finer the sieves the flour is put

through the whiter it becomes, due to

the separation of the fine particles of

bran. In addition to this the locality

in which wheat is grown and the

grade of wheat grown has much to do

with the color of the finished product.

Certain flours from certain sections

have thus had the advantage in color

over other flours from other,sections,





because the flour could not be made

into such white bread as in the case

of the naturally lighter colored flour.

This has led to the use of artificial

means for Whitening the color of the

flour until now a great many millers

throughout the country employ arti-

ficial bleaching processes for chang-

ing the color of the dark flours. This

in itself perhaps was not of sufficient

moment to attract general attention

until these processes came to be used

to permit the introduction into the

whiter and lighter product flours of

.certain of the lower grades which the

sieves would separate out. In other

words, it is our understanding that

certain of the bleaching processes per-

mit the mixture, we will say, of a

commercially lower grade of flour,

with one which contains a consider-

able quantity of flour of the highest

patent, thus permitting the whole pro-

duct to be sold as a high grade flour

which, if it were not for the artificial

bleaching would be at once detected

by color. While the flours were equal

in value and while the milling proc-

esses had been equally as efficient in

one case as in the other, the bleach-

ing of the product for the sake of uni-

formity could not be found as objec-

tionable, as is the coloring of butter

for the sake of uniformity, but while

the bleaching is invoked to cover up

commercial inferiority in flours then

in our judgment the processes become

as objectionable as does the coloring

of butter when it is used to cover up

commercial inferiOrity.





ls Flour Bleaching a Violation of

Law?



We have never been particularly im-

pressed with the argument against

bleaching because of health. Certain

well-known pure-food advocates have

maintained and are able to produce,

substantial proof that bleaching is in-

jurious to human beings and likewise

to the flour itself. We, however, have

never been sufficiently impressed with

this argument for, in our opinion, the

abuse of bleaching lies particularly

in the substitution which it permits of

a lower and inferiOr article for a high-

er grade article of food. In other

words, in our judgment it comes di-

rectly in conflict with that section of

the Food and Drugs Act which says:

“An article is adulterated if by any

means it is made to appear better or

of greater value than it really it.”





Wood ashes should be carefully sav-

ed and applied to the spots on the

farm where the soil is most in need

of potash. The common mistake of

mixing them with hen manure should,

however, be avoided as this sets up a





DEC. 25,1915.





Michigan FarmIII’ 3 club list





For the benefit and convenience of

our subscribers we have arranged the

following list of papers. Besides the

money saved they save the trouble

and expense of sending each order

separately.



EXPLANATION—The first column

gives the paper’s regular subscription

price. The second column price is for

the Michigan Farmer and the other

paper, both for one year. Add 50 cents

when the Michigan Farmer is wanted

three years, or $1.00 if the Michigan

Farmer is wanted five years. All combi-

nation orders may be handed to our

agents or sent to us, as is most con-

venient.



Write for prices on publications not

listed.



Subscribers to the Michigan Farmer

Whose time is not up for one year or





more, may have as many other papers

as wanted by deducting 50 cents from

the second column price. This takes

care of those who subscribed for three

or fiVe years a year or two ago.



We send sample copies of the Mich-

igan Farmer only.



Mention if you are a new or re-

newal subscriber. Renewals will be

dated ahead from their present date.





 





Bee explain

tion above





 





NAME OF PUBLICATION.





 





Daily. (6 a Week) on B. F. B. only.





Free Press Detroit. .......................

Journal Detroi it ................... ..

Times. Detroit. ...

Herald. Grandt Rapids. Mich...-





 





News. Saginaw .....................

'1‘ribune.Bay City, Mich.

Blade Toledo. Ohio

News Bee, Llo.ledo Ohio ..................

State Journal. Lansing. Mich ............

Tri Weekly Newspapers '

World. N. Y.. City" . .....

Semi Weekly Newspapers

Journal. Detroit, Mich” ......

Weekly Newspapers

Blade. Toledo. Ohio.

Commoner Lincoln. Neb ............. , .....

Enquirer. Cincinnati, 0..

Cattle, Sheep, Swine. Poultry. etc:

American Bee Journal. Hamilton, Ill. (w)

American Poultry Journal. Chicago, (113)

American Poul tr Advocate. Syracuse.

American Sheep reeder. Chicago (m)..

American Swineherd. Chicago. (In) .....

Breeders' Gazette. Chicago. (w)..

Green s Fruit Grower. Rochester. (m. ):

Hoard“ s Dairyman. Fort Atkinson. Wi i.s

Jersey Bulletin. Indianapolis, Ind. w)

Kimb ball' s Dairy Farmer. Waterloo. 8..





‘ 888888888888 "

NNNNMNNNNNNN





_ L......;.;.;.;.i.;.;.;.;...

8 asssasssa 888 5: 8 8888886388888“





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Poultry 111353325;"6di'3'éif'ii'1'fI "32 3233 III:

Poultrv Success. Springfield. 0. (m) .....

Reliable Poultry Journal. Qnincy. Ill. (m)

SwifedBreedersm Journal. lndianapolisu

11 am .

Michigan Poultry Breeder (1110)..





P0 ular Hazazines.

Everybodys a nine N. Y. )City. (in):

Etude Philade phia, I’a. (m).



MoClures, Magazine N. Y. City. (In):

Musician, Boston. Mass. (111)...

National BportsmanBoston. Mass" (11:)

People' 9 Home Journal. N. Y City. (111)

People’ 3 Popular Monthly, DeMoines, Ia.

Red Book Magazine Chicugo. Ill. (111)..

Review of Reviews. N. 1!. City. (In) ......



La dies' or Household.



Delineator, N Y. City. (m).... .. .......

Designer. Ni‘ Y. yolt{.( (mm) .......... .

Housewi e, C ty(

Ladies World, New York City (In) ........

McCalle éfiegezine and Free Pattern,





88%

38 EEE‘I





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HHl-M-dh-l





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ESRES @8388; 62888 88:883618888





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SEES 8892888888 ‘88





 





but

HHH





ity. (in) .......................... 50

Mother’s Mag, El in. 1]]. (m).. 1 501

Pictorial ReVIew .Y. City. (In) .......... 1 50 1

Today' s Magazine and Free Pattern (in). 50

'Woman' 8 Home Companion. N. Y. City. In 1 50 1

‘Womans W.orld Chicago. (In) ............ 35





Bell one and Juvenile.





 





 





 





much foundation there is in the fact which were just as nutritious and per- chemical process, causing the release Amerfiano goiroihi Mich (111) ....... 1001

warranting the use of this class of haps even more nutritious, but which of nitrogen and a consequent loss in Emile §%?:5n8aenl’1ftort‘ 121(m.)"'11"}%1

articles of food from a physiological latter were not as much in demand the value of the manure. 53:315.leggiigigieefigtoflgfi'mn‘. (.w' ..'.)2532

ElllIllllIllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllIlllIllllll|IlllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllIlllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllIlllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllIlllllIlllllllllllllllllE vs. ground limestone, Good seed, importance of. 159

E E 23; cultivating beans Grain vs. stock farming” 4

E E when the dew is on, 43; Green manure catch or ops 64

E E sowing alfalfa after rye, Growing clover on a run-

E E size of ventilating flues, down soil ............ 181

E E buckwheat as .a forage Hairy or winter vetch a

E E crop_ and $011 Improver. , soil builder .......... 61

E E seeding VGtCh and {‘Ye. Harrowed alfalfa with suc-

E E ggt this]. stuliIfbllef high. cess ................ 100

E E ; see mg a a a, SOW- Harrowing alfalfa ....... 139

E E ing sweet clover, ce- Harvestin

E FOR VOL“ CXLV' E ment flogr fofr giilanarY. for seedg .v.e.t0h ................. 23

E E cowpea ay or orses, H

2 From Julyl, 1915 to January I, l9l6 g 84; wheat rust, alfalfa ”$50333 i..si‘f’?‘.’1.‘?.‘.’f‘F492

E E after oats, seeding sweet How ‘club boys and girls

E E 019ver in corn. 99: late do their work ....... 137

=11llllllIllll|IIllll||llllllIllllIllllllllllllllllllllIllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllIlll'lllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllIllllIllllllIlllllllllllllllllllIlllIllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIiiliIlllIll|Illl|IlllllllllllllllllllllllTfi blight of potatoes, Husking table, a ......... 356

sweet clover on new In business for health. . 84

Farm. Cabbage as a cash crop... 43 Drainage questions ...... 447 land, wheat smut, 100? It Days to plow early 204

A city man’s vacation. ..180 Capitalizing in old fence Draining the farm ........ 3 seedmg clover after the Lillie farmstead notes, 64, 83,

A land of promise ........ 397 rows ................ 305 Drying seed corn ......... 379 beans, cnmson. Clover 120 180 235 260, 356,

A lesson from the old Chimney, cleaning the...331 Eliminate waste in har- Wlth vetch, 120’ when . 380. 400, 424, 471. 492.

world ............... Clover seed, harvesting vesting corn crop...203 to 910W under green Lime-sulphur vs. Bordeaux

Alfalfa in northern Wis- with grain binder.... 64 Ensiloing frosted corn....356 manure crops, when to . --------- . -------------- 379

consin .......... 120 vs. alfalfa ............. 64 Experience in inoculating cut. cowpeas for . hay, Make a drainage map... .119

insurance .............. 160 Concrete ice house con- legumes ............. 447 2.36' lIme VS' £911.11“qu Making a new farm ...... 259

seeded in cats ......... 179 struction ............ 307 Experiments in liming of lime as filler 1“ fertil- Manufre the conservation

A productive half-acre. ...448 Corn rack, a handy ....... 236 soils ................ 332 izer, sawtlust as a feitll‘ ------------------- 80

A region of agricultural Angleworms, inoculating Fall plowing ........ 355, 548 Izer, 285' the 'erad1ca- Mlstalkes in tlle drainage. 332

progressiveness ..... 4 for alfalfa ........... 204 Farm bureau movement.. 97 tion 0f “’9er from New farmers in western

Artificial protection from Cropping vs. live stock home, a desirable ...... 548 farm seeds ------------ 380 Michigan ............

frost ................ 259 farming ............. 83 house cellar, the ....... 364 Farmers’ vacations ...... 308 Oat crop, improving the. .523

Bar rats out of the farm Crop rotation returns....332 labor problem, the ...... 379 Farm woodlot problem, Observations of a veteran

buildings ............ Deciding for farm life. . . .329 life is what we make it. 117 the ................. farmer ........... ...261

Better roads in Michigan.355 Destroying the weeds and ' Farmers should save their Fence building, points in. 284 Packing ensilage ......... 205

to thresh grain late. . .- ..203 brush ............... 119 own hairy vetch seed 43 Field meeting in Kent. .284 Plowing for drainage. . . . .160

Boys as farm partners... 64 Developing northern lands Farm Notes—Sweet clo- Garage, a, and workshop..423 vs. cultivating corn. . 23

Bungalow plan, an attraoc- ....................... 331 ver, alfalfa after early Giving the boys a broad- Potato blight, controlling. 491





tive ..'I'IOICCOOIIOOI447





Dragging alfalfa . . . . . . . . . 23





potatoes, hydrated lime





er viewpoint 41





experiments . . . . .. . . . . .355





 





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as saw. gm 9". 1.
1 fl

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‘l 35‘.

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1 12%.

i 5





 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





23-599





 





’ meeting, the .524, 548

show at Marquette... ..424

Potatoes, producing high-





grade seed .......... 547

Practical game protection. 491

Preserve the ashes ...... 471





Radium as a fertilizer“ .120





Reclaiming swamp lands. 447

Saving farm seeds ....... 160

labor in farm work. ..236

the potato crop ........ 139

Second seeding of alfalfa

agreat success ....... 119





Seed corn drying rack. ..355

corn, the

Seeding clover with buck-i81





eat



Select the seed beans now400

Silos and silage- .......... 81



Simplified farming is good

business ............ 117



Sheep on Michigan cut-ov-

er lands ............ 21

Smooth or bearded wheat.204



Soil and fertilizer ques-



tions. -——The amount of



plant food removed



by crops, fall plowing



for sugar beets, prop-



er distance apart for

tile drains .......... 30

Soil drainage ............ 157

fertility problem, the. 4

Solving the farm storage257





problem .............

Soy beans, when to cut



for hay ............. 160

State and ynational potato



meeting ............. 424

Stubllille fields, clipping

Sugar beet crop, the ..... 548

Sweet clover, growing” 3





The correlation of crops





and live stock ....... 521

farm beneficent ....... 448

complete .............. 205

successful farmer ..... 179





weather and the work. 43

Township road building. .423

Tramp nuisance, the ..... 492





~Uneven ripening of beans

261





........................





Use of sulphur for control



of potato scab ........ 356

Watch for grain weevil. ..471

Wheat crop, preparing for





the ................. 139

Why ensilage molds ...... 204

Wild carrot, a protest



against ............. 139

Wire fence, building ...... 3

Wisconsin’s potato con-



gress ............... 492



Live Stock.

Colts, gbreaking and trains

in ............ . . . . .472

first gwinter, the ........ 495





growing for exhibition. . 6

Cooked feed for hogs.. ...494

Corn silage and mill, pro-





ducts for steers ...... 383

Cutting labor in feeding. 426

Dehorning cattle ........ 402

Developing young meat an-



imals ............... 2





Disinfectants in the stable 6

Economical pork produc-140





tion .................

Economy in feeding ...... 161

Experience with rape pas-



ture ................ 426

Exports of mules and



horses .............. 140

Farm horses, autumn care



of the ............... 207





Fat and lean brood sows. .263

Feeders’ Problems—Pas-

turing pigs on rape, Dre

venting scurvy in pigs,

66; fattening sheep on

standing corn, pasturing

lambs on second growth

clover, rye and vetch vs.

oats and peas, 263; the

feeding value of cull

beans~for hogs, ensilage

for breeding ewes, rape

for ho pasture, 309;

sweet c over as a forage

crop for hogs, 402; rye

for fattening hogs, com-

pounding a ration for

pigs, the feeding value

of peas for hogs, 426;

molasses as a stock

feed, 472; free choice

system of stock feeding,

493; winter ration for

idle horses

Feed mill the, on the

farm ................ 450

Fitting hogs for market. .123

Free-choice system of

swine feeding the. ..493

Good work for Wexford

county Michigan ...... 103

Growing pork cheaply” .182





Heredity, some concep-

tions of .............. 206

How small a silo is prac-





tical?





ooooooooooooooo





coun ..............

awards at the State Fair

.............. 278,299,302

experiments ....... 238 423

news. 6 66, 140, 286, 324

shows, the,a Fran-



' clsco





'OIOI'QI'VVOVOI'





‘ Making fall pigs profitableagxs,





Management of the work

horses ..............

Marking 3 half century.. .357

Pasturing work horses. .161





Potatoes as hog feed ..... 493

Questions to ask the herd

boar 383

Rye hay ................ 66

Sheep, how to butcher a. .495

Silage for horses and

mules ...............





Stockmen’s conference on

contagious diseases . .527

The correlation of crops





and live stock ....... 521

pigs in summer ........ 66

value of ancestral influ-





ences



Wastes in stable manure..286



What to feed young pigs 6



Dairy.



Amount of water to add to

dry corn for silage. .335



Babcock test, how to use

the .................. 102



Best grain ration with clo-

ver hay and silage. 5.55





...............





Cabbage for silage ....... 427

Calves on skim-milk ...... 555

Capable common cows. .427





Champion milch cow, the. 451

Clean milk, the responsi-209





bility for ...........

Co-operation among dairy-

men ................ 208

Cow-testing association is

prospering .......... 382

association, value of . . ..184

results in Canada ...... 497

Cow will not give down

milk ................ 359

Cream can tank, the ..... 185

Cull beans for cows ...... 311





Dairying, some phases of 67

Dairy suggestions 85

Developing the dairy heif-

Ensiloing beet tops, 184, 311

frosted corn 33 5

second growth clover. ..359

Farm butter making, hints





sssssssssss





on ................... 45

cheese ................ 85

making ................ 185





Fatcontent of milk, the,

and its food value...122

Feeding dairy cows for re-

sults ................

Finding the boarder cows 403

Frosted beans as silage. .265

Garget 552

Gas in silo, the formation

of ................... 382





...................





German millet for silage..265"





Good work for Wexford





county, Michigan ...... 103

Haphazard breeding of

dairy cows .......... 239





Hold fourth annual picnic.265

How much should a good





cow test? ........... 41

Jersey club meets at the



college ..............

Lillie farmstead dairy





notes, 7, 85, 122, 163, 209,

239, 311,335,451, 555.

Long distance milk record2 5

....................... 6

Managing a summer dairy 26



Milking three times a day





...................... 7, 85

Milk production ......... 102

cost of ................ 525

the composition of ..... 451

values, the basis of ..... 45

National dairy show, the

next ................ 287





New dairy headquarters..102

No loss of butter-fat from

heavy cream ......... 497

Observations in dairying. .287

Only cornstalks for rough—





age ................. 497

Pasturing alfalfa, rape,

etc. ................. 102

Potatoes in ration for

cows ................ 85

Price and profits ......... 102

Profitable age of milch

cows ................ 496

Refilling silo ............ 451





Rutabaga tops for silage..403

Sand vetsch for soiling pur-





pose ............... 122

Silo, about the small ..... 525

management, some phas.



es in ............... 141

seepage ............... 497

Some Holstein history” 7

Spoiled silage ........... 497





Sprouted wheat for stock

feed ................ 40



Stir milk while cooling” 7



The 1915 dairy cattle con-





grses ............... 102

future of the dairy busi-



ness ................ 49



To improve live stock. . . . 45

Tuberculosis, a problem in



bovine .............. 473



Using salt in silo ......... 287





Will dairy farming pay. . .163

Winter dairying profitable '

World. 31511111165 111666 for

Michigan ......

World’s record cow ....... 27





Veterinary.





Apoplexy ......... ..275

Atrophy of shoulder mus-





0168 OIICOOOIOII....|.198

Azoturia 9

Barbwire cut........... .375

Barren cow..... 254, 375, 419





mares ....... 275

sows .. . .. 230, 390

Barrenness .............. 275

Blind teat ....... 375

Bloody milk . . .......... 254

Bog spavin ..... . . . .375, 419

Boils .................... 375

Brain hemorrhage . ...... 176

Bruised leg .............. 299

udder ............ 299, 443

Bunch on udder ......... 176

on side ............... 15

Bunches on hind leg ..... 111

Bursal bunch ............ 55

swellings ....... ,. . .35, 467

Canker .................. 443

Capped hock . . . . ........ 323

Catarrh ....... .........419

Catarrhal fever . . ....... 176

Chores .................. 254

Chronics bone spavin lame-

nes ............... 199

cough, 111, 198, 230, 375

443.

heaves . . .............. 419

incurable lameness . . . . 35

indigestion ........ , 443

laminitis ............... 323

laryngitis . . . . ......... 419

lymphangitis . . . . ...... 351

scours ...... 75, 254

Cold abscess . . . . . ....... 27 5

Colic ......... . . . . . .' ..... 55

Collar boils .............. 111

Colt improperly castrated4 9

Congested udder ..... 35, 230

Congestion .............. 254

of brains ............. 199

Constipation ............ 299

Contagious abortion, 111, 198,

230, 37 5

Cough .................. 199





Cow gives bloody milk, 55,

75, 198, 254, 419, 515.





leaks milk ............ 35

Cow-pox ................ 351

Cribbing ................ 515

Dehorning cattle ........ 323

Diseased hogs ........... 35

Distemper ............... 254

Eczema ................. 55

Elbow tumor ............ 443

Enlarged gland ..... 111, 198

Exostosis ....... 323, 351, 375

Feeding smutty oats to



horses .............. 27

Fistula .................. 230





Foreign body in stomach. 415





Fungus ................. 467

Garget ............. 176, 198

Gastritis ................. 199

Grease heel ............. 55

Halter puller ............ 199

Heaves ................. 351

Hemtplegia ............. 539

Hernia .................. 230

Hogs cough ............. 299

How to dehorn cattle. .515

Impaction ...............





Indigestion, 15, 55,75, 24307

254, 299, 375, 419, 515. 3





infected food ............ 5



udder .198 254, 375

Infectious ophthalmia” 245

Injured hock ........ 75,254



udder .................. 198

Irritation of skin ......... 55



urinary organs ........ 443

[-tchy necks ............. 15

Kidney disease .......... 230

Knuckling .......... 199, 323

Limberneck ............ .230

Looseness of bowels, 254, 375

Loss of appetite ......... 515

Luxation of stifle ........ 375





Mare disowns her colt. . . .254





Mites ................... 198

Nasal Gleat . . . . . ......... 299

Naval disease ........... 75





Obstructed nasal passage. 55



teat 35

Opacity of cornea ........ 35

Out of condition ..... 375,515

Overheated colt 37 5

Paralysis of ear and mus-





...................





cles of face ......... 198

Parrot mouth ........... 15

Pinworms ............... 230

Ptomaine poison ........ 391

Puffed hock ............ 299

Rheggatism, 35, 111, 198, 254

Ridgling boar ........... 199

Ringworm ............... 254

Scabs on body ........... 323

Seedy toe ............... 515

Shoats have rheumatism 539

Shoulder lameness ....... 19 98

Shy breeder ......... 35,111

Sidebone ................ 176

Sitfast .................. 199

Sore feet ........... 111, 254



teats ............. 230, 539

tendons ............... 55

Spasm of larynx ......... 230

Sprained hip ............ 254

hip joint .............. 299

hock .................. 254

joint .................. 111

leg .................. 254

Springhalt . . . . . . ...... 375

Stiff hind leg. . . . ......... 375

Stifle lameness .......... 35





Suppurating ears ........ 3 3

to of .............. «11.7335

head following deh





ing . . . . ............. ..‘515

Suppurative 1y m p h a tic

trouble ..... . ........ 198

Surfeit buds . . . . ......... 176

Sweeny ........ . 111, 230

Swollen glands . ....... 37 5

stifles ................. 443





‘ Teats grown together” E98





Thrush

Ulcerated cornea

Umubilical hernia . . . . ..351



................. 198

Unprofirtable for dairy pur:1 43





Valvulars heart trouble. ..198





Vertigo ................. 198

Wart on shoulder ........ 55

Warts .................. 230

on nose of colts........443

on teats .......... 5, 419

Weak back .............. 2

heart ................. 351

Weakness. .15, 111, 230, 351

Wounded thigh .......... 375

udder ................. 230

Horticulture.

Apple tree borer, the. 65

Cull pile, getting a profit

from the ............ 240

Fall orchard work ........ 526

work in the orchard. .526





Fifty dollars for a nut. .186

Fruit as an agricultural

asset 358

packing shed, arranging

the .................. 142

production, increasing

efficiency in

Garden weedless, keep 121





oooooooooooooooo





Ginseng, its possibilities

and probabilities. ..24, 46



Greenhouse, a good, for

farmers ............. 498





Huckleberries, more about 5

Insects hibernate in brush

piles ................ 425

Muskegon celery and fruit

growers co—operate . .551

Nurserymen’s convention 24

Onions, harvesting ....... 210

Onion maggot ........... 46

Orchard inspection

Orchard observations, cov-

er crops and their re

lation to spraying. . . .210





observations, pear and

apple blight ......... 262



observation, apple tree

canker .............. 38





Pear orchard, care of the.210

Preparing the orchard for





winter .............. 358

Profitable 5 t r a w berr y



growing ............. 499

Protecting fruit trees. . . . .401





Prune the raspberry patch 65

Renovation of old or-





chards, the .......... 57

Rhubarb patch, the ...... 5

Saving seed ............. 65

Shall Michigan continue



to grow apples? ..... 86

State horticulturists’ an-



nual meet ........... 550

Storing vegetables ...... 358



for winter ............. 449

Strawberries, planting in



the fall ............. 186

Strawberry patch, sum-



mer care of the ...... 5

Summer meeting of fruit-



men ................





of state fruit growers..162

System in cider making. .449

The season’s effect in the

vineyard ............ 4

The yellows and the little

peach 104

Tree repair, the essentials

of .......... 283, 310, 334

Trouble Department—A

spray mixture for pota-

toes, 24; concentrated

lye for scale, mildew on

peas, 65; propagating

mulberries and eradicat-

ing weeds, 104; cucum«

ber diseases, growing

garlic, 121; keeping cut

flowers, fertilizing, prun-

ing and spraying, 142;

cherries fail to ripen,

pea weevil, 162; hot wa-

ter for borers, setting a

blackberry patch, rose-

carnation diseases, 186;

strawberry plants dying,

the peach borer, 211:

time for setting black-

berry plantation, 262:

transplanting the fruit

trees, 358; unhealthy

peach trees, 425; protec-

tion from mice and rab-





...............





bits, 550; the care of

grape vines ........... 551



Vegetable growers’ con-

vention .............. 262





Vinegar, the acidity of. . .186

Poultry and Bees.





Advertising poultry ...... 416

A home-made roof. ....... 440

An uncommon chick dis-

ease ................ 58

Beginning the poultry bus—

iness ................ 174





Blackhead, treatment for.134

Broody hen, breaking up 3





Bumtble-foot . . . . . . .393





'Buy male birds in fall. .' . .33;





Capons for profit. .

Care of chickens in hot





ooooooo





weather ............. 174

hens during the melting

period ............... 226

Chickens and milk ....... 38

Chicken raisers’ difficult-

ies this year ......... 301

Christmas goose, the ..... 570

Cleanliness a factor in





profitable poultry rais-

264





ing ..................

Colony system, the ....... 68

Culling pullets .......... 252

Curing sunflowers for

chicken feed ........ 372

Danish poultry experi-

ments ............... 54

Don’t leave the pullets out

too long ............ 440

Door arrangement for the

trap nest ............

Ducklings dying ......... 8

Ducks, the winter care of. 485

Eggs and exercise ........ 570

Egg feeding, the secret of

successful ........... 570

Experiences with a small

flock of hens ......... 510





Fall care of weak colonies. 372

hatched chicks for the



spring trade 264



Farm fattening of poultry





profitable ........... 348

Fattening poultly ....... 93

turkeys ................ 264

Faulty feeding ........... 154

Featherless chicks ...... 38

Feeding during moult. .174

for egg production ..... 485

the chickens .......... 326





Getting pullets ready for

winter 416

Grass range for hens..... 38

Hen house, a convenient.. 58

floor, the 57

How to select high- produc-





..............





ing hens ............ 301

the laying hen ......... 196

Keeping hens for profit





................... 1,14 134

Laying boxes for the hens 68

Managing the bee busi-



ness for profit ........ 226

Mites, to control ......... 93

Nest roosting preventive .301

Oats £01 fattening ducks. .154

Poultry houses, points on





building ............. 58

show dates ............ 540

hints ................. 571



Preparing fowls for exhib-



ition purposes ....... 154





the poultry house for





winter . . ‘. ........... 326

Profit per fowl ........... 154

Proper feeding, the import-



ance of ............. 34

Protein food increases the



egg production ...... 196





Provide shade for poultry 58

Purchase new stock in the





fall .................. 226

Remodeling the poultry

houses .............. 464

Roup .................... 8

treatment for ......... 571

The Christmas bird in the

making ............. 377

The hen as a factor in

farm profits ......... 421

The importance of farm

poultry .............. 40





Things I have learned. .301

Treat fowls with kindness. 134

Treatment for roup ...... 440

Turkeys, fall and winter

care of .............. 514

suggestions on care of ..196

Utility in the farm flock. .252





Ventilating the poultry

house ............... 372

White diarrhea .......... 38

Winter greens for the

hens ................ 301

Yarding vs. free range for

fowls ...............

Practical Science.

Canned foods ....... 360, 394

Cereal food products ..... 565

Concrete cisterns ........ 28

Creamery, the, and the

farmer .............. 12

Eggs .................... 528

Experiments





with farm-

yard manure 12

lFactors in the develop-

ment of dairy cows. ..487

Fertilizer control laws and

their administration

................... 156, 164

Fresh foods 508

Laboratory Report.——The

acidity of vinegar, 183, 565

Oil mixed concrete for

damp proofing ....... 8

Peat as a stock food ...... 404

Preservation of food, 288, 336

of food by means of

cold storage ......... 324

Relation of fertilizer in-

dustry to agriculture..124

Sewage disposal on the

farm ............ 2,37 266

Special food products. .452

The farmer’s interest in

the war ............. 404

relation of chemistry to

Saitiggcriculture, 8, 28, 60, 80,

I





..............
soo~24





THE MICHI





 





 





N FARMFR





DEC.25, 1915.





 





Water: for industrial and

domestic purposes

What lightning rods may

be expected to do....





Farm Commerce. ,





A farmers’ mutual market 92

Apple marketing, a study

0f - . o t o o o

Apples in cold storage” ..567

Bean prices, a survey of. 510

prices this fall... . . . . . .

prices up to growers. ..296

situation, the present... 510

fixing the price of. . . . . .

Berry market, extending

the eeeeeeeee I ... O O I D I

Better clover seed will:





bring higher prices. .. 7‘6





Book- keeping for eta-opera-

tive organizations ...320

Cabbage crop large... 297

Catering to the market.. .76

Chicago conference ...... 5 7

City markets ....... 296, 536

markets in Michigan... 76



Complex marketing meth-

ods 1

Co—operation in Michigan..369

Device for sampling grain.272

Distribution the real prob—132





nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn





lem ..................

Eggs by parcel post ...... 484

Exchange is meeting ex-

pectations ........... 192

Fancy prices for inferior

feeds ............... 152

Farmer’s pack of apples,

the ................. 412





Get the home trade first..132

Getting around a glutted

market .............. 436

Handling damp wheat. ..368

Improving the parcel post.112

Increasing local consump-

tion ................. 392

the margin of profit. . . .172

Loyalty to the “Co-op" So-





ciety ................ 484

Makes good use of his

run-about ........... 172

Marketing now the big

question ............ 368

Market news service ..... 392

Meat price spread is ac-

counted for .........

Michigan growers co-oper-

ate .................. 436

Michigan’s pioneer credit

union ............... 412

Milk, cost and prices ..... 344

factors in cost of ....... 36

Motor trucks becoming

popular ............. 192

Onion crop, 1915 ......... 297

Opportunities for the wide-

awake farmer ....... 6

Pack products well ....... 368

Parcel post changes ...... 76

Potato grower markets

cheaply ............. 36

Poultlry crop, marketing46





Production of fall and win-





ter potatoes ......... 296

Save money in selling live

stock ...............

Saves money with motor

truck ............... 222

Selling apples by auction 92

fruit by auction ........ 272

the surplus ........... 248





Sidelights on butter trade 16

Simulating the good mer-

chant ............ 536

Some reasons for failure.566

Supplies customers year

round

The consumer's dollar....

The growing market at





the door ............. 392

The power of the packer..460

The power of example. . . . 56

Trailer, economy in the



use of .............. 248

Truck crops report ....... 223

Vegetable marketing ex-



acting ............... 320

Why Michigan farmers



have money ......... 537

Will the end he co-opera-



tion? ................ 172



Editorial.

“After the war,” ......... 398

Agricultural courses in the

high schools ........ 398

diversity .............. 546

extension work ........ 306

fairs, .............. 98

All aboard for the State



Fail ................ 158

Anthracnose problem, the.282

As others see us ......... 178

Boy farmers ............ 522

Business farming ........ 118

Choosing a farm .......... 398





Cleaning up the plague“ .158

Colt shows



Community center, the. 98

Crop prospects .......... 234

Educating prospective citi—gl78





..............





ze

Educational influence 012





fairs ................ 82

Efficiency in farm man-

agement ............ 22

Eternal vigilance the price

of safety ............ 354

Factors in good farm man-

agement 4





...429 F





’ Freaky climates





2' Gravel and dirt roads.





, Farmers’ meetings .,.,... .490 s? g.. .





arm power and



tation .........

storage problem the. ..—. 258

Feeding the world“

Fire prevention day. . . . ..306

For the children”





season.





.,nnoaon





Fruita growing in Michi-





Get a aState Fair catalog” 2



Good roads movement. .815



Grand Rapids potato meet-

ing, the ............. 470





ortant bean growers’

meetln





" 111141 erslty lies wealth. .330

"Inset ments in securities. 354





Lii’ve stock shipments” .522





Look for them at the

.- State Fa air .......... 178



Look out for late blight of

potatoes ............ 138

Marketing problem, the. 4.90

the bean crop .......... 258

Maximum profits ........ 470

Michigan’s big fairs ...... 282

Milk prices .............. 306





Misleading information ..422

Mobilizing business forces



Our. iiv'e' 61336111663152 I 22

Ownership and tenancy. .522





Patronize your .fair ...... 202

Plan to attend the State

Fair ................ 138





Preparations for winter. .446

Production costs ......... 138

Profitable winter work. . .470

Progress in road building.378





Public school, the ........ 62

sentiment wins in 111-

inois ................ 398

Registering grade perfor-

mers ................ 42

Retired farmers ......... 138





Rural credit legislation...

Rural life conferences. . .. 62

transportation 1





.........





Seasonal arguments for

good roads .......... 470

Share vs. cash rentals. . . .422





Solving farm problems...118

State Fair, the ........... 234

Sugar tariff program, the.330

The banker’s interest in

agriculture 3

book agent again ....... 422

business of farming....178

department’s bean rul-





..........





ing ................. 398

distribution of farm pro-



ducts ...............

farmer’s banking prob-



lem .................

farm bureau movement 98

fight against tubercu-





losis ................ 58

menace of potato blight.138

profits in big business..522

rural cemetery ........ 258

safe and sane Fourth.. 2

season’s lessons 2

stock yards quarantine.258

task before Congress. . .546

unknown quantity 42

war on tuberculosis. . ..



Top-notch farmers ...... 378

Training and efficiency” .22

Tuberculosis day ........ 2

West Michigan State Fair234





.......................





.......





Your farm paper ......... 202

Magazine.



A little wisdom .......... 339



A neighborhood affair for

men ................ 29



A new kind of fun ....... 69



A new version ........... 289



Beating the Blizzard ..... 557





Beatrice, and the rose. . . .313

Big war predicted in 1913 5

........................ 31

Christmas eve in camp. .529



European co-operative ag.

riculture, 218, 243, 315,

363.



Experiments with plants. .362



Fanny’s friend from fairy-

land ................ 213



First Thanksgiving, the. .432



Flesh really made from ,





the air .............. 165

Frisk and Fly. . . . ; ....... 143

Holly and mistletoe for



Xmas ............... 505

How little seeds travel... 87



weather predictions are



made ................ 502



Webster won .......... 317

Indoor track meet, an. .456

Intelligence 01’ plants. .267

.Just keep sweet .......... 89

Land ’0 Nod Stories, 317,





340, 362, 387, 407, 430,

456, 477, 504, 531, 559.

Lieutenant Cushing’s her-

oic deed ............. 47

Light of Western Stars,

- 501, 530, 560.

Little Anne in the city. .337

Making rural life attrac-

. tive ................ 408

Miss Hepsy’s Thanksgiv-





ing arrangements . .453

Most men shun facts” ..362 '

Nellie .................... 5

Nutting party, a ..........





One boy’ s trip to the state





_Reci es. —Chicken





 





 





Eff ‘it‘i‘ .t....f.‘ &%7

@1611 as“ a 6ash”.. 1» 87 _ 2

“Rural sanitation ...m.....“..476





Shower of stars a great. .432-

gaging“ out of’doors” .406

Startling 8. 11.117531516135911" .241

Supply theme. entertain— ..





men 1

Tessie’ 3 Thanksgiving .. .409

The bluej'ays a hsquirrel. 145



buntible-b‘eefi ..... . .105

carriage thatg hstaved a

queen ....... .. . .559

kitery ............. -. . .125

fam'dus' split rock ....... 475

Liberty Bel ............ 9

RedMiSt, 10130, 48, 70, 88,

106, 126,144,166,18_8,

214, 242, 268, 290.

skodyke’s engage in ap-

ple grOwing ......... 4

Trapping the mink ...... .361

Traveling mail box, the. .431

Value of music ........... 338





Water for industrial and

domestic pHIDOSeS . . .429

Why pin- money schemes





fail ................. 340

POETRY.

A passerby ........... 433

As I used to feel. .. . .. .407

Autumn .......... . . .293

A wish ............. . . . ..221

'Fore Christmas ......... 559

Just think ............... 71

Michigan victorious ...... 365

Most fair time ............ 189

Thanksgiving ....... 388, 454

The better way .......... 31

boar’s head ........... 531

lost road to boyville....167

Household.

A case of criminal negli-

ce ............... 72

A “happy baby” ......... 128

A novel babyy bonnet” .32

A pansy fan ............. 73

Baby’ s pictures .......... 342

Bed bootees ............. 480

Babies up to date ........ 388

Baby week ............ ‘ .. 64

Blending fruits, the art of.128

Buffet scarf ............. 56 2

Canning corn ........... 247

Vegetables ............ 32

Care of the baby in the

summer ............. 168

Change yourself to suit

conditions ...........





Chapped hands, cure for. .366





Chilblains ............... 535

Christmas decorations .. 534

suggestions .......... .480





Does punishment fit the

2





crime? .............. 70

Drinks for hot days ...... 52

Earning pin money ....... 535

Elderberries for pies ..... 270





Fashions, 33, 73, 191, 247, 271,

319, 343, 367, 389, 411,





507,535,564

For the Thanksgiving din-

ner .................. 459

the sick ............... 562

Grape juice ............. 271

Hand lotion, recipe for. . .507

Happiness in trifles ...... 410

Helpful hints ............ 73

Home queries, 33, 72, 128,

148, 168, 191, 294, 343,

367,389,564.

Honey, the most whole-

some sweet .........

Huge bouquets of continu-

ous bloom ..........

Keeping cream cool ....... 33

fruit juices ........... 342





Keep swatting the fly” . 72

Kohl rabi ............... 73

Lemon, value of the ...... 148

Let cheerfulness abound..168

Lettgg4box, 12, 168, 190, 246,





Linoleum as a floor cover-

2





..294





.................





ng



Loyalty teaches silence.

Magazine guessing con-

test

Make duty look pleasant. 506

Making xmas candies. . . .563

Mexican salad ......... 435

Michigan laws for women. 219

Michigan’s .happy babies. 295



Millicent Keene’ s tomatoes

New educational exhibit. .411

fruit juices. for the home148

No crime to be “queer”. .366

“Not peace but a sword”. 191





One mother’s plan ....... 52

Patchwork block, a new. .366

Pineapple insertion ...... 534





lace ................... 534

Plant tulip and narcissus

bulbs for next spring. 342

Play Wisk as necessary as

Potting up plants for the

winter .............. 190

Pretty home-made rugs. .507

Protect the garden against

winter weather, ......410

soup.

oa meal cOokies, cucum-

ber pickles, Lady Jane

cake, 52; tomato ybutter.-

dried pear tomatoes

men tomato. BWéet

piékles,éa’1creamed fried





27,0 366-





 





pick-

tomato

, beet relish,

_ , tomatoes, ripe

somato relish, peach

fongt, 388; chestnut stuf-

finggo or turkey or goose,

cran erry, tarts, bread

' cakes, graham pancakes. 506

Removing stains 389





‘ , picaiilli,

. 16111319.”





Roses ........................... 221

Saving the wastes of gar-

den and orchard ...... 220





Short cuts to housekeep-





81896 52, 73, 90, 219, 367,

'Something6 4different for



Xmas gifts .’ ......... 506



ic ................... 219



Subsgitgiteg . £91“ milk in 52

. a y _ing ........



Sun preserevgng .......... 246



Sweater coat, gthe ........ 270

Table syrup from water



, melons .............. 271



’ The all-Hallowe’en party.318



baby’s temperature ....480





Domestic Crucible, 128, 318,

434, 458, 562.

new note .............. 108





most acceptable gift. . . .506

November festival ..435

visitor ................. 12

Threshing dinner, getting

up the ...... 90

Tool basket, a handy ..... 295

To treat plant pests ..... 247

Trashy books produce fee-

ble minds ........... 342

Twentieth century philo-

sophy ............... 219

Two centerpieces, with

crochet edges .......

Two wrongs never make

one right ............ 190

Unselfishness is some-

times a mistake ...... 148

Why can’t women hang-

together? .108

Winter blooming bulbs. .294





Woman’s natural vocation



Wo'xh'éri ' 3611' ' th'e' ' 1161113-

stead laws



Grange.



A grange fair ............ 441



Among the live granges,

149, 169, 276, 300, 349,

373, 441, 509, 541.





o sssss use.





Another co-operative

Grange venture ...... 300

Another new Grange in

Kent county ......... 300

A successful grange ba-

zaar ................ 541

Barry county Grange pic-

nic .................. 197

Calhoun pomona, interest-

ing program at ......

Eaton county leader in

Grange work ........ 197





Farm home dedicated by

129





grang ges ..............

Getting the most from the

gxange rally ..... 91, 109





Granges organized . . . .91, 349

Ingham county pomona

meeting .............

Kent City grange enter-

tains pomona 8

Making the home attrac-169





tive .................

Newaygo pomona Ilneeting

................ 13 37, 395

Pomona meetings ....... 17

Rural social problems. . . .572

Shall six counties organ-

ize .................. 25

Six county grange rally a

big success ......... 109

The grange and co-opera-

tion ............ 229, 253





grange and the problem





of distribution. .,465 481



play’s the thing ........ 509

Tri-county Pomona meet-



ing ................. 417





' Farmers’ Clubs.

A plea for co-operation

through the club

Club discussions, 37, 91, 109,

149,169, 197,229, 253,





.....





300 325,373, 395,417,

465, 481, 509.

Club fair, the, ........... 169

Farmers’ club fairs ....... 417

in Minnesota, 13, 53, 78,109 1

institutes ............. 541

Making the most _of the

farmer‘s" club ....... 300

Memory Day ............ 277 ‘

Minnesota follows Michi-

gan’s lead ........... 49

to organize state farm-

ers’ club ............ 541

‘Practical work in the

. farmers’ club ....... 129

gPrize club songs ......... 91

Seed corn day ............ 229

Some oppOrtunities for the

, farmers’ club ....... 1

Statistical reports ....... 481





. The annual meeting, 253, 441,

g‘ 572. “ '





Illustrations. 1

A happy baby ........ 128

Apiary of Harvey Haynes. 226

:Apple diseases - .......... 526

utumn scene ; ......... .353

Baby bonnet; a novel. .332





picture ........

Batfie‘fleld at yawrloo. ..315





__ Been crops {or past three.2





years . ...... 72

prices ................ 510

Belgian agriculture ’ ..... 243

“Bowser” ......... ' ..... 293

Boys camp at M A.’ C. ,

................. 329, 339

Bracing fence posts. 3

Buffet scarf ........ .562

Bungalow plan .......... 447

Butchering set .......... 460

Cannery apparatus .' ..... 220

Cartons for eggs and but-

ter ............ 368

Carriage, a historic ...... 559

Celery Field .......... ‘. . .557





Christmas cover design. .545

Citrus fruit growers’ or-

ganization ........... 291

Clearing cut-over

with sheep ..........

Concrete drinking fountain 17

....................... 1

Coop for fattening poultry

...348





Corn harvesting .......... 203

show at M C..... .137

Cover crop checks tree

growth ....... .162

judging demonstra.‘

tion ............... 208

Crochet lace design. . . . . . 90

Cuttin corn, plan for.. .236

Dairy erd cover design.

De Garmo, A. D. ’a





“Don’t blame me”. . . . . .196





Drying rack for corn. ..355

Extensive poultry farms. .174

Farm boys and their

mounts .............. 281

horses ................ 207

products display ....... 536

storage ............... 257

Farmyard scene ...... 427, 489,

Feeding poultry ..... 514

Fruit stands ............. 201

Garage plan ............. 423

Garlic, load of ........... 76

Geese, fattening and mar- '

ketin .............. 77

Good cultural methods in

orchard ............. 210

Grand Traverse exchange 92

....................... 1

Grange play ............509

Grape vine in bearing” .498





Grange co- operative store. 300

Hallowe’ en design ....... 407



Harvesting 100 bushels of

cats per acre. .521,523

Hill auditorium ......... 72

Holland farm scenes, 363, 364

Horse, good type ......... 566

Hort. exhibit at the State 2

26





Fair ......... . ......

House design ............ 548

Husking table, a ......... 356

Ice-house design .......... 307



with milkroom ........ 305

Jersey sire ........ . ..... 209

Keiffer pears ............ 381

Labor- saving in packing



fruit ................ 296

Land of promise ......... 397

Litter of pigs ............ 333

Live stock meeting in



Wexford county ..... 309

Marketing direct from the



field ................ 92

Memory day song ........ 277

Michigan prize baby ...... 434

Milk refrigerator ........ 185

Nest, an improved ....... 301



arrangement .......... 464

Northwestern Michigan ag-



ricultural scenes ..... 469

Old fence rows ........... 305

Orchards, renovating the.157'

Our farm boys ........... 566

Pasturing live stock ...... 521

Patchwork block ........ 366 -

Pear trees productive” 210

Pineapple lace design. .534





Potato blight, controlling4

the ................. 41



Potatoes, well bred 547, 549



Poultrthousek on farm of





Coo ...........



open front ............



Residence of Robert A.

Smythe .............. 233

,Rural sanitation ......... 476

Silos ................ 81,203

to conserve feed ....... 152

Sire, a well-bred ..... '. .122

Steers fed by T. M. War- .

ren ................. 161

Storage house ...... .....132

Strawberries ......... 5

Swine breeding .......... 383

self-f fed ................ 493





Swiss agricultural scenes. .213

7 .





Tatting design





’Thanksgiving place cards4





'Tomatoes grown by Miss

137





See] ey





..............





Tool basket and contents.295 ,

,Tractors on the farm. . . .. 56





Trap nest ............... 570





Trailer on farm, 172, 248, 460

Traveling mail '

Tree repair ..... 283, 310, 334 _-





box ...... 43





Trucks on the farm ......

Turkeys, feeding young” 38





_Unloading cider apples..449





Vetch as soil builder. 61 -

_WeighinflgId stock at Quincy 16 ‘

‘ Wheat em I I‘ I 1 O O "





White Leghorn hen. . . . i. .886





2-World’s record cow. . .27, 36:





Young farmer and calf. . ..





my

....... . .‘ . . .357 .





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





11.





4-4.”