«u





The Only Weekly Agricultural,





VOL. CXLV. No. 5 i

Whole Number 3873





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Horticultural,





DETROIT, MICH, SATURDAY, JANUARY 29, 1916





 





and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





50 CENTS A YEAR.

32 FOR 5 YEARS,





Tile Drainage and Soil Fertility





By J. H. HULETT.





, OME of the evil effects of an ov-

S er supply of water in the land has



been realized for many years but

it was but recently that the full bene-

fits accruing to the land because of its

being drained, was noticed. It is

thought that the Romans used some

sort of earthenware pipes to remove

surplus water from the soil. However,

that may be, it was only in compara-





tively recent times that any systematic





efforts were made to remove both the

surface water and the stagnant water

within the soil. About a century ago

this kind of drainage was attempted in

England with success. These pioneers

in modern drainage noted many good

effects from their practice but failed

to fully comprehend many other bene-

ficial results which accrue from thor-

ough drainage of the soil. Removing

the surplus water from the soil will

make the soil warmer, will make it

more mellow, will tend to increase its

fertility, will lengthen the season dur-

ing which it may be cultivated, will

enable plants growing thereon to bet-

ter withstand drouth.

A Wet Soil is a Cold Soil.



When the soil is wet, it is also cold.

The principal, means of warming soil

is by the heat from the rays of the

sun. When the heat of the sun warms

the surface of the ground, the water

that is near the surface is evaporated.

This is a cooling process and in turn

makes the soil that much cooler.



Any overabundance of water in the

soil tends to make the soil particles

knit closely together. When a boy I

used to make clay balls by saturating

lumps of clay with water, moulding

them into shape and leaving them in

the sun to dry. When





water from the soil will tend to in-

crease the bacterial action of the ben-

eficial bacteria, which in turn tends to

make the soil more fertile.



A superabundance of water in the

soil will prevent its cultivation until





by the natural action of the sun’s rays.



The roots of the ordinary plants

grown as farm crops cannot live in wa-

ter. When plants are trying to grow

on land where the lower layer is sat-

urated with water, they send their





 





 





A Good Outlet is Essential for Successful Tile Drainage.





such a time as the water has left the

soil. The early removal of the over—

supply will allow the farmer to get on-

to the land earlier and begin the work

of cultivation. This will add to the

time that land can be cultivated by

just that amount of time which would

be consumed in evaporating the water





 





thoroughly dry they

were hard and firm,lin

fact, quite difficult to

break. We notice this

tendency in the fields,

for when the surface

layer of the earth gets

saturated, we say that

the land puddles; af-

ter drying out it is dif-

ficult to work, but

breaks up into clods.

Removing the surplus

water will tend to

remedy this condition.

Soil Bacteria.



Many millions of

minute organisms live

in the soil. They are

known by the general

name of bacteria.

They may be ‘benefi-

cial or harmful accord-

ing to whether the re-

sults of their presence

and work- will make

the soil produce bet-

ter crops or lesser

crops. In general, the

beneficial bacteria re-

quire air to do their

work while the harm-

ful ones get in their

work when air is ex-

cluded. Thus, the re-

moval of the surplus





 





roots only to that part of the land

near the surface which is in a condi-

tion wherein they can maintain life.

When the summer drouth comes on

the top layer of earth dries out, leav-

ing the roots where there is no water

to supply their needs. Then, too, it is

well known that the hard, baked land





 





Dredging an Outlet for Tile Drainage in a Low and Levelrsection of Michigan.





that has suffered from a surplus of wa-

ter gives up its moisture much more

readily than the more mellow or fri-

able land that has not suffered from

this cause. This friable land will hold

more water of capilarity than will the

hard, packed land. From this, one can

see how drainage will enable plants to

better withstand drouth.

Terminology Defined.



Hydrostatic water may be defined

as that water which is prevented from

sinking by an impervious subsoil. The

surface of this water is what is called

the water table. This may be above

the surface of the ground, near to, but

just beneath the surface, or many feet

below the surface. There is no dan-

ger of removing this water too far be-

neath the surface by ordinary drain-

age. If near to the surface, this water

may become water of capillarity to be

used by the plant. If too near the sur-

face it may keep the plants from send-

ing their roots down deep into the soil

and thus deprive them of needed nour-

ishment.



Water of capillarity may be defined

as that water which is held in the soil

by means of capillarity attraction. It

forms that part of the soil water

which supplies the needs of the plants.

It moves about in the soil because of

the same natural process which forces

the oil up the lamp wick to the flame.

This water forms a fine film of water

over the surface of each soil particle.

When it is present we say that the

ground is moist. “'hen absent we call

the ground dry. Drainage, by making

the soil looser and more mellow in-

creases the capacity of the soil for

holding this sort of water, which is

that water on which

the plants feed, as

mentioned above. The

average of a large

number of tests shows

that drained soils will

hold about 12 per cent

more water of capil-

larity than similar

soils that ‘are not

drained. Ordinary soil

one foot in depth cov-

ering one acre, weighs

about 3,500,000 lbs.

One inch of rainfall on

each acre will weigh

about 113 tons. Twelve

per cent of 3,500,000

will equal about twice

this amount. This

gives some idea of the

amount of water of

capillarity that is held

in the soil where it is

available for the use

of growing plants.



Water which is ab-

sorbed by the soil

from the atmosphere

is called hygroscopic

water. In the early

morning during the

hot, dry summer

months one frequent-

ly notices that the

fine dust in the road is





(Continued on p. 123).
THE MICHIGAN FARMER





- - ' 11111. 29, 19115.





 





122—2

The Michigan Farmer

" W 1843. caught me





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postoflicc.





DETROIT, JANUARY 29, 1916





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





The Bureau of

Crop Estimates of

the U. S. Depart-

ment of Agricul-

ture under date of January 21, 1916,

published an estimate of the stocks of

potatoes in hand in the principal late

potato states on January 1, 1916. This

estimate shows the supply of potatoes

in hand at the first of the present year

to be 38 per cent smaller than the sim-

ilar supply one year ago, 15 per cent

smaller than two years ago, 30 per

cent smaller than three years ago and

16 per cent larger than four years ago.

The states included in this estimate

produced 66 per cent of the 1915 crop.





The total number of bushels estimat-

ed to be held on January 1 is 105,345,-

000 as compared with 169,554,000 bush-

els one year ago, 123,292,000 bushels

two years ago, 149,845,000 bushels

three years ago and 90,778,000 bushels

four years ago.



While imported potatoes are never

a very large factor in our markets yet

in 1912 there were imported 13,734,695

bushels. This importation of foreign

potatoes which was the largest in the

history of the country would bring the

total of stocks in hand on January 1

four years ago, to nearly the same ag-

gregate given in the above estimate

for the present year. Under present

conditions of war in Europe, in addi-

tion to a quarantine against foreign

potatoes to prevent the introduction

of dangerous potato diseases, importa-

tions will be practically suspended for

the present, year. Naturally potatoes

will continue to share in the increased

price of all foodstuffs now prevailing

so that growers who still have pota-

toes in their cellars may feel assured

of receiving remunerative prices for

them at any time they may desire to

sell them during the marketing season.



Whether it will pay to hold for high-

er prices than now prevail is a ques-

tion for the grower to settle for him-

self. While it is a fairly safe assump—

tion that prices will not permanently

decline unless forced so high as to

greatly curtail consumption, yet there

are comparatively large speculative

holdings in many centers of consump-

tion which may be expected to keep

the market from making further rapid

advances after the holders begin to

let them go upon the market, at least

until this supply is considerably de~

pleted. The price at which speculative

holders will unload is, of course, prob-

lematical, but it is considered by some

well informed students of the market

that if carioad prices should reach

$1.25 per bushel during the coming

month, a fairly large percentage of

these holdings would be moved.



In any case prevailing values will

appear very attractive to growers who

are fortunate enough to have a mar-





The Visible Supply

of Potatoes.





ketable crop. in hand, and should the





.bulk of the Michigan crop be market-





ed at an average price which would

approximate present values, the total

income to the farmers of the state

from a crop now estimated in the

above report at 20,945,000 bushels,

would be greater than the total income

from last year’s crop of more than

44,000,000 bushels.





A noticeable fea-

Live Stock for North- ture of the pro-

ern Michigan. grams and pri-

' vate discussions

which occurred at the Live Stock meet-

‘ng at M. A. C. last week was the unan-

imity of opinion with regard to the fu—

ture of northern Michigan as a live

stock producing country. Mr. W. F.

Raven, live stock field agent of the

College for the Upper Peninsula, spoke

before the Michigan Sheep Breeders’

and Feeders’ Association with regard

to the adaptability of the Upper Penin-

sula as a sheep raising country. Sev-

eral years’ experience in that section

has convinced him that the Upper Pe-

ninsula of Michigan aflords advantages

in sheep growing which are excelled

by no other region in the state or

country. Data with regard to some of

the experiences with sheep which Mr.

Raven has had opportunity to observe

were given to substantiate his posi-

tion.



In a paper written by T. B. F. Soth-

am and read before the Hereford

Breeders’ Association by his son, just

as strong arguments were introduced

for the production of all kinds of live

stock on the cutover lands of the low-

er peninsula during the process of

subduing the brush and getting them

in condition to be cleared for agricul¥

tural purposes. The nature of Mr.

Sotham’s arguments will reach the

reader through the publication in an-

other column of this issue of the ma-

jor portion of his address.



Another northern Michigan man

present who had some convincing fig-

ures regarding the suitability of the

cutover lands of northern Michigan

for beef production was G. A. Prescott,

Jr., of the Prescott Ranch in Ogemaw

county. Mr. Prescott showed the writ-

er weights of droves of steers which

had made an average daily gain of

nearly three pounds over a two-month’s

feeding period on pasture during the

hottest part of the summer. May lambs

sold in the fall from the Prescott

ranch averaged 71 pounds from grass

last year.



Feeders from lower Michigan who

were unable to get feeding stock

through the regular channels last fall

found a supply of excellent feeding cat-

tle in the northern part of the state.

The grazing operations for the most

part have been confined to relatively

small areas of the better cutover

lands of the northern counties up to

the present time. There are great op-

portunities for similar development in

nearly all sections of the northern

counties awaiting the attention of the

capitalist or fore-handed farmer who

is in a position to utilize them for

grazing purposes.



It has been well pointed out that the

northern part of the lower peninsula

and the great agricultural areas of the

upper peninsula may be profitably util-

ized during the process of develop-

ment to produce live stock which the

feeders of the lower counties need to

carry on their feeding operations and

which is with increasing difficulty se-

cured from the western ranges. The

price now commanded by good feeding

stock of all kinds is certain to in-

crease rather than diminish in future

years and offers attractive possibilities

for the profitable agricultural develop-

ment of Michigan’s great area of am

occupied cut-over lands. _



A few years ago



Winter UseofAu- even the most en-

tomobiiec. thuSiastic believer

in the future use of



the automobile had grave doubts as to

the practicability of the general use of

such machines on ordinary country

roads. The great strides in the im-





provement and perfection of The auto-1





mobile M76 long since removed these

doubts. Still more recently the must

enthusiastic automobilist regularly put

his machine away for the winter along

about Thanksgiving time when theto

roads became rough and frozen, as he

considered it impractical if not impos-

sible, to keep it in commission or make

it useful during the winter months.



Here again modern improvement

has brought about a marked change in

the usual practice. Today one sees

automobiles traveling country roads

at almost any time when the snow is

not so deep or drifted so badly as to

make them practically impassable to

any wheeled vehicle. The improve-

ment which has brought about this

changed condition has been the gener-

al improvement of the

Wherever the roads have been perma-

nently improved, they are not softened

by the fall and early winter rains to

make them muddy nor cut up by the

traffic over them so as to make them

rough and impractical of travel to

pneumatic tired vehicles after they

have become frozen. »



In View of these unexpected changes

in winter transportation in the open

country it is a most reasonable proph‘

ecy that in a few more years when

the permanent improvement of the

trunk line roads of the state has been

completed, that automobile travel in

the country will be quite as general in

the winter as it now is in the summer.

This improved means of winter trans-

portation will greatly facilitate the

farmer’s business, since it will not only

permit the winter operation of pleas-

ure cars but will make possible the

hauling of farm products direct to city

markets on auto trucks over a very

considerable portion of the state. Al-

ready the use of such trucks is general

by farmers living within twenty-five or

thirty miles of large city markets in

the delivery of all sorts of farm pro-

ducts. Such operation is perfectly

feasible for double this distance just

as soon as the roads are permanently

improved so as to make such trans-

portation feasible at all seasons of the

year. The radius of the practical op-

eration of this method of transporting

farm products is rapidly increasing

each year, and the time is close at

hand when it will be very general

throughout the more thickly populated

country districts of the state. What

efiect this may have upon the agricul~

ture of the state and related industries

is, of course, problematical, but it is

certain that the effect will be a bene-

ficial one from the standpoint of in-

creased opportunity and larger profits

as well as a broader and less isolated

life for the farmers of Michigan.





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





Foreign.





The European VVarr—Changes in po-

sitions held by belligerents occurred

in the Balkan states and also in Asia

Minor. The Russians are crowding

back the Turks in the big campaign

through the Caucasus Mountains where

they have occupied a number of posi<

tions. On the other band, the British

forces in Mesopotamia have had diffi-

culty in holding their advantages

against the Turks, reports indicating

that weather conditions have been un-

favorable toward forwanl movements.

The Austrians have extended their

command of the Adriatic coast from

Trieste to near the Albanian frontier

through the recent capture of the Mon-

tenegrin forts of Antivari and Dulcig-

no. In Galicia the Russians are ad-

vancing on the Dniester and Pruth riv-

ers. Nothing of importance has been

reported along the middle and north-

ern sections of the eastern battle

front. In the west little of importance

has occurred outside of the occupancy

on Sunday by the Germans of 200

yards of first line trenches north of

Arras.



An agreement has been reached be-

tween the German and French govern-

ments to set free civil prisoners in

both countries who are not subject to

military service. Under this agree-

ment all men under seventeen years of

age and over fifty-five years will be re-

leased and sent home. Also all other

men unfit for military duties, and all

women.



The identity of the submarine which

sunk the Persia in Mediterranean wa-





\





highways. -





ters has not as yet been disclosed.

Both the German and Austrian admir-

alties have announced that the Persia

was not sunk by one of their sub-





marines.

mThe British government has decided

place a ban upon the importation

of luxuries during the remainder of

the war. The step has been taken to

conserve resources for whatever nec-

essities may be required.



Statistics show that during the year

1915 ship-building was reduced one-

third through the influence of the war.

All the combatant nations have suf~

fercd extensively through this loss.



The appearance of the new German

air monsters capableof carrying 27

men and fitted with motors developing

700 horsepower, has been reported

from French sources.





National.





The advance in gasoline prices

throughout the country has brought

numerous petitions to representatives

at Washington for a federal inquiry in-

to the alleged manipulation of the gas

oline market.



Already a bill providing for a tariff

commission has been drafted to be in-

troduced at the present session of Con-

gress. It will probably be accompanied

by a message from President Wilson.



Major General Goethals, governor of

the Panama Canal Zone, has sailed

for the United States to appear before

the congressional appropriation com-

mittee relative to canal bills.



Lack of funds will probably make

the Michigan business men’s military

camp an impossibility during the com~

mg summer.



Protest is being made to Michigan

congressmen against the proposed re-

peal of the mixed flour law. It is now

unlawful to mix corn flour with wheat

flour without labeling the product as

such a mixture. There is general op-

position to any letting down of the

bars against adulteration of pure

wheat flour.



President Wilson is mapping a tour

of the middle- west in the interest of

the administration preparedness cam-

paign.



Dr. J. 0. Reed, former dean of the

literary department of the University

of Michigan, died Sunday at the home

of his brother in Cleveland.



The usual evidence of slackening

trade has not yet appeared to any de~

gree in the business centers of the

country. More attention is being giv-

en in the market for investment secur-

ities, which indicates confidence in the

legitimate progress of general business

activity. Everywhere the feeling of

optimism is growing and just now the

only likelihood of restriction appears

to be in the capacity of manufacturers

to produce goods by reason of short-

ages in raw material.



Damage by floods in the Yuma Val-

ley in Arizona amounted to more than

one million dollars. Bonds will soon

be issued to provide funds for the re-

building of docks at Tucson, Arizona.





FARMERS’ INSTITUTES.





 





County Institutes.—Leelanau, Sut-

ton’s Bay, Feb. 1—2; Bay, Munger,

Feb. 1-2; Grand Traverse, Traverse

City, Feb. 2-3; Tusoola, Caro, Feb. 243;

Antrim, Bellaire, Feb. 3-4; Charlevoix,

Ironton, Feb. 4-5; Huron, Bad Axe,

Feb. 4-5; Sanilac, Croswell, Feb. 7.8;

Oceans, Hart, Feb. 7-8; Allegan, Mar-

tin, Feb. 8-9; St. Clair, Port Huron,

Feb. 8-9; Osceola, Leroy, Feb. 8—9;

Macomb, Warren, Feb. 9-10; Muske-

gon, Cloverville, Feb. 9-10; Newaygo,

White Cloud, Feb. 9—10; Lapeer, Had-

ley, Feb. 10-11; Ottawa, Holland, Feb.

10-11; Mecosta, Big Rapids, Feb. 10-11;

Saginaw, Saginaw, Feb. 10-12; Barry,

Hastings, Feb. 11-12; Genesee, Flint,

Feb. 11-12; Kent, Grand Rapids, Feb.

11-12; Berrien, Three Oaks, Feb. 14-

15; Cass, Cassopolis, Feb. 14-15; St.

Joseph, Sturgis, Feb. 15-16.



One~day Institutes. ——Lenawee, Me-

dina, Jan. 31; Lime Creek, Feb. 1;

Morenci, Feb. 2; Fairfield, Feb. 3; Og-

den Center, Feb 4; Madison, Feb. 5.



Livingston. —F0wlerville, J.an 31;

Deerfield Center, Feb. 1; Oak Grove,

Feb. 2; Hamburg, Feb. 3; Pinckney,

Feb. 4; Gregory, Feb. 5.



Kent—Grattan, Jan. 31; Cannons-

burg, Feb. 1; Rockford, Feb. 2; Byron

Center, Feb. 3; Sand Lake, Feb. 4; Al-

pine, Grange Hall, Feb. 5.



Ottawa—Nunica, Feb. 3; George

town, Feb. 4; Jamestown, Feb. 5; Zoe-

land, Feb. 7.



Washtenaw.——-Salem, Feb. 3; Ypsi-

lanti, Feb. 4; Dixboro, Feb. 5; Chel~

sea, Feb. 7; North Lake, Feb. 8;

Nortbfleld, Feb. 9; Willis, Feb. 10;

Salem, Feb. 11.



Clare—Harrison. Feb. 1;

Feb. 2. ‘



Kidland.—-Pleasant Valley, Feb. 3-4.



—Stockbridge, Feb. 7.

limb—Davis, Jan. 31: Meade,

Feb. 1; Washington, Feb. 2; Fraser,

Feb. 3; Armada, Feb 4.





Farwell,





Jackson—Brooklyn, Feb. 8; Norvell}





Feb. 9; Michigan Center, Feb. 10: We.-

terloo, Feb. 11; Henrietta, Feb. 13.
1“-





 





   





JAN. 29', 1916.

TILE DRAINAGE AND son. FER-

TILITY.





 





(Continued from first page).

quite damp. This is water that has

been absorbed from the air. While

there is little doubt that plants use

this water to some extent during a

period of drouth, hygroscopic water

does not compare with water of capil-

larity in agricultural value. Fine, mel-

low soils have more power for absorb-

ing hygroscopic water than hard, clod-

dy ones; cultivated soils more power

than hard soils or those protected by

growing crops.



Drainage an Economic Question.



Will land be benefited by drainage?

This question is one that always con-

fronts the farmer who would increase

the production of his land. In general,

if the crops are good, grow well all

the season, produce a maximum yield,

I do not think drainage will materially

benefit the farmer. The general con-

tour of the land sometimes precludes

the idea of drainage. To be drained,

land must be level enough to admit of

leading the water off it.



Where there is ground that seems

too wet for cultivation, one can, by

means of digging small pits from two

to four feet in depth, tell whether the

soil water will settle into the spaces

thus formed. If it will not, there is

little likelihood of its getting into tile

laid at that depth. These pits should

be left throughout the year, if possible,

so that some idea of the height of the

water-table can be obtained. How-

ever, the height of the water-table is

not the only element that has to be

taken into consideration in determin-

ing whether it will pay to drain the

field or not. The kind and habits of

the crops to be grown thereon are

quite as important elements that need

to be considered before arriving at

the final decision.



The appearance of the surface of

the ground will carry its own convic-

tion to the man experienced in tile

drainage as to the advisability of til-

ing the field. Land that dries unev-

enly in the spring is likely to have

surplus water that it will be wise to

get rid of. However, the source of

this water must be taken into consid-

eration. If this should be water over-

flowing from some spot where later

the water—table will be lowered suffi-

ciently as to prevent the water from

getting onto the spot, there is some

question as to the advisability of un-

der—drainage. The appearance of the

cultivated crop grown will also serve

to indicate whether there is any ex-

cess of moisture. Crops growing upon

land show by their size and compara-

tive thrift whether there are wet spots

or not. The cereals and grasses are

small and will have a general un—

thrifty appearance when the water-

table lies too close to the surface of

the ground. Clover, too, is much more

apt to winter-kill in the wet spots than

in places having good drainage.



An Investment, Not an Expense.



'One should view the question of

drainage as he would any other invest-

ment. He should not expect too big

returns from his outlay. If the increase

in value of the land will cover the

cost of drainage—and it usually will——

he should consider this a good invest-

ment. He should not expect to get his

money back in a year or two but

should only look, from year to year,

for what the same amount of money

would bring him if invested in some

other enterprise. If the drainage pays

the legal rate of interest on the invest-

ment, he should consider that as a

good return. Of course, if one has an

unsightly place that is an eyesore to

him and the whole community, he will

do well to get rid of it at any price——

that he can afford to pay. It is safe

to say that one can afford to lay out

any expense that does not more than

cover the increased value of the prop-

erty and where a good rate of interest

upon the investment is paid by the in-

crease in production.



Money spent in drainage should rep-

resent only an added sum which is to





 





TH ETMICHIGAN’ FA’R'MER





increase the original investment in the

farm. If the land is to be worth no

more after drainage, if the returns are

not going to increase, then why drain?

There must be some_ recompense for

the increased expenditure. In~Some

instances exceptional cases or condi-

tions exist, as in the case of the dis-

posal of sewage, or conditions making

it expedient to raise crops which with-

out drainage would be unable to grow

to advantage.



The Source of Water to be Drained.



It is necessary to make a careful

study of the source of water on land

which it is desirable to drain because

the expense of drainage will depend

to a great extent upon this source, and

the methods that will effectively re-

move the surplus water from one place

may prove inefficient in removing it

from some other.



If the water comes from seepage,

cutting off the supply will remove the

excess from the soil. This may be

done with only one line of tile, while

if the water comes from the ordinary

rainfall the whole surface. of the field

may have to be drained. Drainage of

the uplands may drain the lowlands

also; drains necessary to carry the

water of precipitation in a rather ten—

acious soil will have to be laid much

closer together than in carrying the

same kind of water from a porous,

rather sandy soil. Ooze or seepage is

water that has fallen upon other land,

generally at a higher level than the

surface of the land where it makes its

appearance. This is brought out upon

the surface by an impervious subsoil

and is known as spring water.



Tile drainage has been spoken of

frequently because this is the method

which should be used wherever prac-

ticable. Open ditches are unsightly,

difficult to maintain in an efficient con-

dition, more expensive in the long run,

and should only be employed under

conditions where it is impracticable to

use tile.



Water flowing through a field should

be broken up into as small streams as





practicable for the erosion from a

small stream is much less than from a

large one. Through tile drains where

these can be maintained in a satisfac-

tory conditions; where they cannot, it

may be fed "through furrows.



But when we learn that a given

amount of rain water at 60 degrees—

the usual temperature of the water

falling in the spring rains—contains

ten heat units, each of which can raise

the temperature of a pound of sand

5.24 degrees providing said tempera-

ture is below 50 degrees, and when we

remember that the. vital forces of life

begin to take on activity only after the

soil has reached a temperature of

about 48 degrees; that the early spring

temperature of the soil is much lower

than this, we begin to realize the ad-

vantage of the slow percolation of the

rainfall through the soil, as promoted

by tile drainage. The slow percola-

tion of water through tenacious soils

tends to make them more friable be-

cause it makes them more porous

which makes it more easily broken

down and pulverized. Anything that

will help to cause the slow percola-

tion of rain water through the soil will

help to diminish the effects of floods.

As the timber becomes removed, the

number of shallow drains or “gullies,”

as they are called, increase. These

agencies tend to remove water of pre-

cipitation or melting snow at the ear-

liest possible date. The discharge of

this water so quickly into the natural

streams is the principal cause of the

disastrous floods which sometimes

sweep over large sections of the coun-

try. Drains, by making the soil more

porous, have the effect of causing the

rain water to sink into the ground

where it falls and thus tend to dimin<

ish the evil effects of the floods.



Work to a Definite Plan.



Before starting to drain a piece of

land, one should be in possession of a

well matured plan. Water that is pres-

ent on the land at one season may

come from a very different source

from the water that is on the land at





lilllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllll|||l||llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllll|llIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|l|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllI[lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





 





 





A Good Crop of Potatoes





I have taken your paper for a num-

ber of years and find I could not do

without it. I read every article, per-

taining to my line of farming, which

it contains. \Recently I read a number

of articles by different farmers telling

how they get their large crops of po-

tatoes. As I am interested in potatoes

myself, thought I would tell my experi-

ences of the past season. The accom-





panying picture was taken October 13. '





The potatoes shown were yielding

about two and a quarter bushels per

square rod, or at the rate of 360 bush—

els per acre.



The field was covered with barn-

yard manure in the fall of 1914, it be-

ing a clover sod, in which quite a lot

of June grass had started. It was

plowed April 12 and 13. After plow-

ing we went over it three times with

a spike-tooth harrow. This was done

at intervals of. about five days and the

last time was May 10. It was then

marked and planted May 11 and 12, to

Dusky Rurals. We took the seed just

as they were dug the year before and





cut the seed as we were planting. The

field was marked both ways, rows be-

ing 33 inches apart.



About a week after planting we be-



gan cultivating (by mark the first

time) with a five-tooth shovel culti-

vator. We cultivated once a week un-

til the middle of July when the pota-

toes were “set” so that it wasn’t safe

to disturb them.

We sprayed three times (July 16-26

and August 7), with Paris green. The

last time they were sprayed it was al-

most impossible to walk down the

rows, the vines being so rank that

when held up lots of them would

reach to a man’s shoulder.



They were ready to dig before we

got to them, but we were busy filling

silos so they were left until October

11—12-13—14. The field averaged 280

bushels per acre, cost of production

being 16 cents per bushel, no counting

the hauling half a mile to the market.

We still have a large per cent of the

crop. '





Kalkaska Co. I. D. WORDEN.





3—123 ,





other seasons. Drains are permanent

fixtures and cannot be too carefully

considered. One must take into con-

sideration the amount of water to be

removed, the size of tile necessary to

carry the surplus water, the different

grades possible, the obstructions to be

overcome, and everything that will

have any bearing on the laying of the

tile and efliciency of the system of

drainage after it has been installed.



A carefully prepared map should be

made, and kept, of the field so that

one can readily locate and continue at

any later date any line of tile that re-

quires extending. This map will be

of great service to him in locating any

sort of an obstruction that may chance

to get lodged in the tile. Knowing

just where to find any line of tile at

any given place in the field may save

an immense amount of hard digging

at some time when it becomes neces-

sary to inspect the Working of the

drain.



Factors to Consider.



The cost of labor is one great factor

that should be taken into considera-

tion in planning a system of drainage.

High-priced labor may make it neces-

sary to cut down on the number of tile

laid as well as the depth at which it is

to be laid.



The character of the soil will deter-

mine to a large extent, what it will

cost to lay any given line of tile. Hard

clay soils excavate much slower than

sandy soils. Also, tile laid in sandy

land may be placed much farther

apart, because it is so much more por-

ous and water will reach it much more

readily.



The price of tile is another factor

that must be considered, if you are to

work economically and efficiently.

While large tile are to be preferred

to smaller, for with the large size tile

you are. sure that your drain will have

sufficient capacity to take care of all

the surplus water, there is no use of

incurring the added expense of laying

the larger size.



The location of the outlet will have

to be taken into consideration and

where practicable it would be at some

open spot. To make an outlet in por-

ous soil will cost much more than an

outlet in some stream or ditch. This

outlet must be kept at all times, free

from obstructions and should be locat-

ed in some protected spot where frost

will not get in, follow up the line and

assist in breaking down the tile.



Deeply laid tile will drain a much

larger area in soil that is porous but it

is possible to get the tile too deep in

soil that is close grained and ten-

acious. The shallower laid tile placed

closely together will effect a removal

of the surplus water much more quick-

ly in hard ground. Then, too, the last

foot: at the bottom of the ditch costs

much more to dig than does any other

foot of its depth.





Practical Considerations.





A grade of about one per cent, or of

one foot in each hundred feet, is about

the right slant. However, there is a

chance for a wide variation from this

estimate. If there is a free outlet

above the surface of any water, tile

may be laid for short distances per-

fectly level and yet give good results.

Where possible, all tile should be laid

as laterals. Mains should be done

away with wherever practicable for

they do not furnish a clear and unob-

structed outlet for the tile. The water

flowing into a main makes currents

therein which are liable to throw

down soil that in turn may clog the

flow of the water.



The crosssectional area of circles is

proportional to the square of their re-

spective diameters. Thus, doubling the

size of a common cylindrical tile will

multiply its capacity by four. And

even more than that when we consider

small diameters for it also reduces the

friction of the water on the sides of

the tile. The longer the line of tiles,

the less area it is able to drain when

running full. C. G. Elliott, in his book

on “Practical Farm Drainage,” says:

“A three-inch tile will drain five acres,
<





124 —4





and should not be of greater length

than 1,000 'feet. A four-inch tile Will

drain 12 acres; a five-inch, 20; a six-

inch, 40; a seven-inch, 60 acres.’.’ An-

other rule taken from another source

is as follows: “Squaring the diameter

of the tile and dividing by four, if the

fall is less than three per cent, if more

than three per cent, dividing by three,

will give the area drained by a given

sized tile.” This. rule would require

tile of a larger diameter for draining

a given area and is, to my idea, the

safer of the two. You never hear a

man complain that he has laid too

large tile nor that the tile are too close

together.



Water enters the tile from the bot—

tom and not from the top, as has been

supposed by some. When the bottom

is obstructed, it will enter from the

next lower free opening. There is no

necessity for placing stone or other

open matter at the top of the tile. That

will not help the water to get into it

as has often been supposed.





The grade at which the tile is to be

laid should be established before there

is any work done towards digging the

trench. If the field should be so level

that it is impossible to tell which way

the slope faces, one may find that he

has no grade down which the water

may run. The early establishment of

the grade will'give one the opportu-

nity to give his drains the steepest

slant possible and enable him to make

his grade greatest at the outlet, where

it should be instead of at the head of

the ditch, as it may be should he not

know what and where his grades are.





Care should be exercised in laying

a drain that no tile with less capacity

is placed in the ditch below those hav-

ing greater cross-sectional area. All

tile should be inspected carefully and

the crooked or dented, or those that

for any reason have lesser capacity

should be laid at the head of the drain.





All joints should be inspected care—

fully and the tile turned until they Will

fit accurately. If the bottom is of such

a nature that the tile do not lay flat,

as in quicksand, there may be a firm

bottom made of stiff clay or a board

laid so that the tile will not get mis-

placed. Some lay tile from the top

end of the trench by means of a tile

hook. Some others cover the tile as it

is laid to a depth of five or six inches

so that it will be held firmly. Soil

should be packed all around it in order

that no water will flow along on the

outside against the tile and thus de-

stroy its bed.



Silt Basins.



A silt-basin is a trap to catch the

sediment that flows down with the wa-

ter. It may be of sewer pipe or of

good solid plank. It should be placed

so that it may be cleaned readily. If

possible, it should come up above the

top of the ground and should always

be kept covered so that vermin cannot

enter. If it is absolutely necessary to

ceme from a greater to a lesser grade,

there should be a basin so that the

sediment which comes down with the

swifter current will be deposited there-

in where it can readily be removed.





Only in the most general manner

can one discuss the laws to which one

must conform when he starts in to

drain his farm. 0n general princi-

ples, the land—owner cannot do that

which will injure his neighbor. A man

may drain his own land, providing he

does not turn the overflow on to his

neighbors’ ground in such a manner

that it will reduce the value of the

neighbors’ land. In most states a man

may do that which benefits himself,

although it hurts his neighbor, if he

can show that his action is a benefit

to the community at large. The neigh-

bors’ source of water supply may be

cut off and diverted without his hav-

ing any redress, provided that water

supply is under ground. However, it

is always good policy and in the inter-

est of the community that the consent

of all concerned be secured, wherever

this is possible. In all cases, this old

saying applies: “Be sure you are right,

tun go ahead.”





TH E MICHIGAN; FARMER“





Michigan Experiment AsSociation





the past year’s work of the



Michigan Experiment Associa-

tion, the annual meeting of which was

held at the Agricultural College last

Thursday and Friday. A year ago the

organization had 250 members and in-

cluded ten local associations in differ-

ent sections of the state. Today there

are 766 members and 50 local associa-

tions. This remarkable growth is the

result of apparent economic advantag-

es coming to the members and to the

communities in which local associa-

tions have been established and to the

constructive work of President Scully

and his staff.



The prime purpose of the work is

the production and distribution of pedi-

greed farm seeds and the carrying

out of cooperative experiments. Par-

ticularly in the first line of work have

noteworthy results been accomplished.

Higher yielding varieties of cats,

wheat and rye, have been introduced

into a large number of communities

through the efforts of the society, and

one entirely new grain, a winter bar-

ley, which holds out wonderful possi-

bilities to Wolverine farmers, has

been given to the agriculture of the

state.



Through the secretary’s office or-

ders for seeds of different kinds of

grains to the amount of 3,400 bushels

have been received and filled. This

has been done through the co—opera-

tion of members and by a moderate

amount of advertising in the agricu1<

tural press and local newspapers. The

possibilities along this line seem al-

most unlimited. The increased yield

from fields sown with seeds recom-

mended by the association is arousing

general comment and suggests that be-

fore long the business of the organi-

zation will demand a larger force to

take care of the work.



The finances as reported by Secre-





U .‘IUSUAL, growth characterized





tary-treasurer V. M. Shoesmith, ol.’

East Lansing, show a balance of $114.-

27 on .hand January 1, the receipts for

the year being $646.57 and the expen-

ditures $532.30. It was voted at the

meeting that members of local associa-

tions shall hereafter be required to

pay into the state organization 500

per year instead of 250, and the local

associations are empowered to vote

whatever amount of dues they deem

necessary for carrying on their local

work.



The oflicers elected for 1916 are:

President, I. E. Parsons, Grand Blanc;

vice-president, Fred Cornair, Chesan-

ing; secretary-treasurer, V. M. Shoe-

smith, East Lansing; assistant secre-

tary, A. L. Bibbins, East Lansing;

plant breeder, F. A. Spragg, East Lan-

sing; executive committee, I. E. Par-

sons, Fred Cornair, V. M. Shoesmith,

J. Robert Duncan, of Vicksburg, C.

Hunsburger, Grand Rapids, and D. E.

Turner, Hillsdale.



Reviews of the addresses given at

the session of the association will ap-

pear in future issues of this journal,

also a list of the awards in the con

tests in connection with the annual

meeting.



The committee on resolutions re-

ported the following resolutions which

were approved:



1. That the Experiment Association

express their appreciation to the ex-

ecutive committee and the various





speakers for the splendid program de-

livered at the 1915 annual meeting.



2. That the congressmen from Mich-

igan be requested to distribute farm

seeds only to such persons as are rec

ommended by the experiment station.





3. That the Michigan Experiment

Association favor legislation, leading

to more complete crop statistics.



4. That owing to the damage done

to the farm crops in the state of Mich-

igan by the weather conditions in 1915,

the farmers be requested and advised

to test all seeds for germination be-

fore planting the crop of 1916.





Salt as a Substitute for Potassium





By PROF. M.





ECENTLY the writer has receiv-

ed a number of inquiries as“to





the advisability of using commer?





cial salt as a possible substitute for

potash. He takes this opportunity to

give the present status of this subject.



Salt, or chloride of sodium, is con-

stantly carried inland from the sea as

spray and also distributed in dust by

the atmosphere. These amounts are

almost insignificant several miles from

the sea coast, however. Sodium oc-

curs in appreciable amounts in sev-

eral soil forming minerals and is there-

fore present in small amounts, at least,

in all arable soils. When sodium is

present in the chloride form it is read-

ily washed or leached out of the soil,

thus in humid, or regions of normal or

high rainfall, it does not accumulate

in the soil mass.



Sodium is present in appreciable

amounts in the ash of most cultivated

plants. Several eminent scientists

have studied its role or importance in

plant nutrition. It is generally agreed

that sodium is not essential for the

maturity of crops and seedproduction,

on the other hand, numerous other re-

liable experiments show that it may

be beneficial, due to its indirect action.

It was found by Birner and Lucanus,

as early as 1866, that certain salts of

sodium aided the passage of phosphor-

ic acid into the plant. In 1885, Good-

ale suggested that sodium may take

the place, in part, of the potash in

plant nutrition, and more recently,

Wheeler and co-workers at the Rhode

Island Experiment Station conducted

elaborate experiments, the results of

which in general show that sodium is

unable to take the place of potash in

plant nutrition in toto, but it may, and

often does so in part, and thus causes

the plant to make a more" economical

use of potash.



Too Much Salt lnjurious to Crops.



Commercial salt may be injurious to





)





V





M. McCOOL





crops when present in the soil in too

large amounts, it being one of the con-

stituents of the so-called “alkali soils”

that occur quite generally in certain of

the arid regions. In general, one part

of. salt to about one thousand of soil

may prove injurious to young plants.

Furthermore, when applied to acid or

sour soils it has a tendency to inten<

city this condition, whereas applied re-

peatedly on soils high in carbonate of

lime, the very injurious so—ealled

“black alkali” or carbonate of soda is

formed.



It has been conclusively shown that

salt when applied to certain soils acts

as an indirect fertilizer in that it un-

locks portions of the phosphorous and

potash from difficultly soluble or un-

available complex mineral compounds

in the soil. It is probable that it is

most active in this respect when ap-

plied to soils that are low in carbonate

of lime. It should be recalled that

land plaster, which was formerly quite

extensively used in parts of Michigan

and other states, acts in a similar man-

ner. The salt, inasmuch as it liber-

ates these compounds, is a soil stimu-

lant, but when it functions in place of

part of the potash in plant nutrition,

or causes a crop to make a more eco-

nomical use of potash, it is a fertilizer.



Perhaps of lesser importance, salt

decreases the amount of water remov-

ed from soils by crops, and to a cer-

tain extent decreases the loss of water

by evaporation from the surface of

soils; in fact, it is generally held by

farmers who use it that salt helps to

retain moisture, therefore being most

important in this connection on sandy

soil. Moreover, certain farmers main-

tain that celery is more crisp and of

a better quality when the soil is treat-

ed with small amounts of this sub-

stance. However, an application of

potash may result in similar condi—

tions.





JAN ' as, 17916.





The application of salt to soils and

the results obtained therefrom have

occupied the attention of agricultural

writers for centuries. Grifl‘lths, in his

treatise on manures, (published in

1889), called attention to the generally

recognized importance of salt when

applied to soils, stating that about 250,-

000 tons of finely crushed common salt

were used annually for agricultural

purposes in the United Kingdom.





Experimental Results.





Certain German investigators found

that salt when applied to soils very

low in available potash, appreciably

increased the yields of Several crops.

Others found that a substitution of

salt for a part of the potash in fertil<

izers, result in increased yields on cer-

tain soils.





Rather extensive field experiments

have recently been conducted in Aus-

tria at the Royal Agricultural Station

at Magyarovar,’ to determine the value

of salt as a fertilizer for sugar beets.

The results obtained in 1909 and again

in 1911 show that under certain con-

ditions the beet re-acts satisfactorily

to judicious applications of this sub-

stance, but where the soil is too heavy

cracks form and the beets may be in-

jured. These studies were continued

in 1912 in four groups comprising 23

experiments. In group one, experi-

ments were conducted with clay soil

on eight estates. Applications of 315

pounds per acre increased the yield in

four cases, reduced it in one, and in

three had no effect. The second group

of experiments included studies on sev-

en different estates, 235 pounds per

acre being added. The yields were in-

creased in four cases. Group three

comprised four experiments in which

160 pounds per acre of salt was ap-

plied. Two gave good returns, and in

two it had no effect on light sandy

soils. The fourth group comprised ex-

periments to determine the amounts

of salt to apply. The results obtained

show that at least 160 pounds per acre

must be applied, and it is more effica-

cious when 320 pounds were employed.





The results of these experiments

vary or differ appreciably, but in gen-

eral they show that under some con.

ditions a judicious use of common salt

will increase the yields of beets and

that it should be used with caution on

heavy soils.





Wheeler and co-workers carried on

exhaustive field and laboratory experi«

ments with many different crops for a

number of years to determine if sodi-

um will take the place of potash in

fertilizers. The results of these well

controlled experiments show that

great benefits are derived from a soil

low in potash when salt is applied in

conjunction with small amounts of pot—

ash. Wheeler fixes upon the point that

various sodium compounds, including

salt, should be best used for growing

such crops as mangels, radishes and

turnips. There are on record many

other reports of the results obtained

from the use of common salt as a fer—

tilizer, some of which show positive

and others negative returns.



The situation seems to be as fol-

lows: Common salt on some soils un-

doubtedly will increase the yields of

various crops, especially the root crops

or those that require large amounts of

potash. Furthermore, it should be

looked upon chiefly as a soil stimulant,

inasmuch as it liberates both phos-

phorous and potash from less avail-

able complex compounds, and should

be used only as an emergency on soils

that are very high in these substances,

or in conjunction with an application

of potash and phosphorous. Too large

applications will prove injurious, in-

asmuch as it may injure the structure

of some soils and increase the acidity

in others. It seems that the optimum

amounts to apply under most condi-

tions, at least, range from 200 to 300

pounds per acre. Certainly the use of

common salt on soils in Michigan have

not passed the experimental stage, and

indeed the writer does not advocate

its general use.





 





 





 





-sr~ w- -
. \ -

JAN. 29.. 1916.





Agriculture, as a profession, is now

on the same plane as engineering,

chemistry or any of the occupations





'which are founded on applied science.





An inquirer or a chemist would not

think of trying to carry on his work

without the aid of a professional libra-

ry to which he could constantly refer.

One can hardly take up an engineer-

ing journal without seeing a page or

two given to the advertising of tech-

nical books, but it is comparatively

rare to see agricultural books adver-

tised in the farm papers, and rarer

still to find a farmer who possesses

anything like an adequate working li-

brary. Probably this difference is part-

ly due to the fact that the farmers, as

a. class, are not yet as well educated

a body of men as the engineers and

do not understand so well the use or

value of technical books. Yet it is un-

usual to find a farmer who does not be-

lieve in agricultural schools and col~

leges or who does not think it worth

while to listen to what the teachers of

agriculture have to tell him. I have

known farmers who would gladly drive

ten miles to hear Joseph Wing give a

talk on “Alfalfa,” but who would ridi—

cule the idea of buying a book on the

subject. Yet a careful reading of

Wing’s book on alfalfa will give as

much information as he could have

given in a half dozen lectures, besides

the book is always at hand to be con-

sulted at any time.



There are now a great many agri-

cultural books by men, who are au-

thorities in their line, which are not

so difficult as to be beyond the com-

prehension of the man with a common

school education. A library of such

books need not be expensive. Ten to

twenty dollars is sufficient to make an

excellent beginning and by adding one

or two books a year a fine professional

library can soon be built up. The val-

ue of such a library can hardly be ov-

erestimated. There is probably no oth-

er occupation so diversified as farm-

ing. Problems in economic botany, in

entomology, in veterinary medicine, in

mechanics, in feeding, and in the phy-

sics and chemistry of the soil are con-

stantly arising. Think of the many

questions concerning correct methods

of tillage, that come up every year

with the different kinds of seasons,

which a book on soils will help to

solve. When a crop is suddenly at-

tacked by an unfamiliar insect pest a

book on practical entomology will us-

ually enable you to identify the insect

in a few minutes and will give the best

methods of fighting it. In nearly every

case, what is thought to be a new pest

is only a well known insect that for





' some reason has suddenly increased in





numbers so as to become a nuisance.

In stock feeding it is necessary to

have a correct understanding of food

values and rations if the flock or herd

is to bring a profit rather than a loss.

We have seen cases where a few

hours’ careful study of feeding prob-

lems would have saved the feeder, in

one winter, many times the cost of a

whole farmers’ library. When called

on to prepare a paper or give a talk

before your Grange or Farmers’ Club

think of the satisfaction in having a

reliable source of information at hand,

which when used in the light of your

experience, will enable you to present

something of real value.



Some of the book companies will

send their books subject to examina-

tion. It is usually best to select the

books of fairly recent copyright, as ag-

ricultural knowledge is making rapid

strides these days and some books

soon get out of date. One good way to

select bookins to go to a public li-

brary and ask to be allowed to ex-

amine their books on agriculture and

applied science. With a little experi-

ence you will be able to pick out al-

most at a glance, the books which will

be of value to you. The members of

the faculty of the agricultural college

are usually-glad to recommend books

on their special lines of work. It is





THE MICHIGAN FARMER

The Farmer’s Professional Library





best to accompany such request by a

self-addressed and stamped envelope.

The editor of your farm paper will al-

ways be glad to advise you in the mat-

ter of selecting reference books, many

of which are given notice as they come

out. Every progressive farmer should

get a list of up-to—date reference books

covering the general and special sub-

jects in which he is most interested

and lay the foundation of a profession-

al library if he has not already

done so.

Allegan Co. 0. F. EVANS.





CASH VALUE OF TREES.





 





Several years ago in the campaigns

to save trees the Ladies’ Club would

occasionally have a “tree article.” on

the program and it might be entitled,

“Save the Beautiful Trees,” or “Pro-

tect the Lovely Forests.” Practical

farmers frequently looked upon these

appeals as purely sentimental, entirely

devoid of practical value, and extreme-

ly useless. Trees were looked upon

as worth so much for lumber or fire-

wood and in the mind of the pracitcal

farmer they had no other value.





In this age it is said that every-

thing is commercialized. The natural

beauty of the farm has been commer-

cialized at the same time and it is a

good thing, as it makes a man think

twice before he injures a valued tree

on his premises. If you do not believe

that shade trees are real estate assets,

place your farm on the market and

visit with the city man who may come

out to view your place as a prospec-

tive investment. Fine trees have their

appeal and the appeal goes right to

the pocket book. If you are expecting

to retire some day and sell your farm,

it might be well to remember that a

few dollars invested in good trees

from a reliable nursery will pay much

better interest on the investment than

would the money placed in the sav-

ings bank. Trees are not expensive

and their growth is slow but the years

seem' to fly on the farm and somebody

will be farming your land a hundred

years from now and thanking you for

the shade trees which you have plant-

ed. Possibly 30 years from now these

trees will add $5,000 to the cash value

of your farm if you place it on the

market.



Michigan was a state of fine forests

and many of the large trees have been

saved in sections where they are

scarcely appreciated. This fact is not-

ed from the large number of advertis-





 





 





ing signs nailed to fine shade trees. A

short time ago I drove by a rural

school on a corner where stood three

large elms. Two of these trees were

decorated with advertising signs, no

doubt a fine example to the children

who attended the school. A campaign

against advertising on trees should be

taken up in every rural school. The

merchant who objects to signs being





removed from shade trees along the,





road, should lose a lot of trade in his

community. It is bad enough to see

the barns and fences ornamented and

pasted up with gaudy colors, but when

it comes to the best trees along the

road, the publicity business has gone

too far.



A tree has a cash value. Sentiment

is a very nice thing but unfortunately





it sometimes fails" to impress the mass-

es except at rare intervals. The tree

has become commercialized on the

best of farms and there is no cheaper

way to permanently improve the real

estate value of a farm than to plant

fine shade trees.



Ingham Co. R. G. KIRBY.





CATCHING RATS.





 





For years we believed nothing bet-

ter than a Thomas cat for catching

and completely eradicating rats. We

have changed out opinion now, as we

have found that the wire cage traps

sold in stores are far ahead. It is said

to be a French invention and of late

years has been sold quite extensively

in this country.



The trap is manufactured in two

sizes, a small one for mice, which will

also answer for rats, if the rodents

are not very plentiful, but the large

size is a more effective rat extermi-

nator. A neighbor caught fourteen

rats in one night with one of these

traps. The most we have ever caught

in one night as seven. Some have es-

timated that every rat caught is one

dollar saved in grain. We consider

this rather a high estimation, but it

certainly pays to catch them when

they can be caught so easily.



In setting our trap the first time,

we set it in the corn crib. Not a rat

ventured in for over a week, and it

seemed they would not go in as long

as there was plenty of feed outside

Finally they began to go in. It seem-

ed that when one has gone in, others

are pretty sure. to follow. For this

reason, we never kill all we catch, but

leave one or two in the trap to induce

others to go in. We believe that here-

in lies the great secret in catching

rats with a cage trap.



Indiana. _ A. B.





A FARM WORK-SHOP—ITS EQUIP-

MENT.





 





A good workshop is, without any

doubt whatever, a valuable asset to

any farm, and in consideration of the

slight cost of putting up such a build-

ing and equipping it with a few tools,

no farmer can profitably do without

one. In a great many instances we

can convert an old building, otherwise

of very little value, into a modern

workshop which will hold all neces-

sary tools and equipment and the cost

will be comparatively small.



The proper size of such a building,

of course, will vary, this depending

greatly on the amount of work to be

done and the equipment. Our work-

shop is 18x22 feet and contains an ov-

erhead storage room where we keep

lumber and other necessary supplies.

By this arrangement much valuable

space is saved and gives us plenty of

room to do our work on the lower

floor where we have a work bench,

forge, and other necessary equipment.



It is not necessary to have a full

equipment of tools in a farm work-

shop, but we must have the following

at least: A good hatchet, hand-saw,

rip—saw, steel square, a good plane or

two, set of Chisels, a good brace and

set of bits, set of taps and dies, a good

axe, some tongs, and a good black-

smith’s hammer. The above will do to

start with and other tools can be

bought from time to time as the need

arises.



A great many farmers have special

talent along this line. Some have been

mechanics at some time or another,

while others are quite handy with

tools, and in this way a great many

dollars can be saved in the course of

a year which otherwise would be paid

out of the farm profits for the different

repairs arising from the constant use

of the farming equipment. A farm

workshop is a good investment be-

cause on the average farm it will pay

back to the owner the price of its con-

struction and equipment in the course

of a year.



We keep on hand a stock of bolts of

different sizes and lengths, as they are





5—125





sure to come in handy at some time fo

the year. In our shop we are able to

mend harness, sharpen harrow teeth,

mattocks, replace mower knives and

broken parts, make single-trees, fit

horseshoes, and many other small jobs

that often run up into many dollars in

the course of a year. This work is us-

ually done on rainy days or during the

winter when our work is not rushing.

However, it is in the busy season that

the workshop is appreciated, especial-

ly when something breaks. In a few

hours’ time we have generally the

broken part mended and oftentimes

are at work before we could make a

trip to the village blacksmith shop.

Aside from this we perhaps save a.

day's wages, which is just that much

more earned, to say nothing of saving

a lot of hay or some other valuable

farm crop which otherwise would suf—

fer if not attended to when conditions

were favorable.



Our workshop, while not large, is a

great saving in time and labor and is

a good investment as it has already

saved many times its cost during the

past few years.



Penn. H. W. SWOPE.





SEED POTATOES FOR MICHIGAN.





 





There will be an unusual demand for





seed potatoes in many parts of Michs ,





igan the coming season. No doubt

many growers will send to other states

to get their seed. While the supply of

first~class seed may be limited in this

state there will be a large quantity of

potatoes available for seed purposes

which will be as good as most of those

shipped in from other states. By buy-

ing near home the growers will not

only save freight charges but will not

run the risk of bringing powdery scab

and some other diseases which are

not known to be in Michigan, into the

state. Imported seed is more or less

dangerous on this account, especially

when bought from sections where the

powdery scab is known to be present.

Perhaps the chief thing which stands

in the way of growers getting their

seed within the state is the lack of

knowledge as to where it can be pur-

chased. Realizing this the Extension

Service of the Agricultural College will

try and locate as much good seed as

possible and advise those who make

inquiries as to where they can get good

seed. Blanks have been printed which

will be sent upon application to any-

one having good seed potatoes for sale

and who desires to get in touch with

prospective seed purchasers. Any per:

son residing within the state who may

desire to take advantage of this op-

portunity may do so by writing C. W.

VVaid, Secretary Michigan State Pota-

to Association, East Lansing, Mich.

The blanks which will be sent to the

applicants should be filled out and re-

turned promptly. About the middle of

February the information which is giv-

en en the blanks which have been re-

turned will be compiled and put into

shape for distribution.



The fact that this work is to be

done will be advertised freely and

there should be a liberal request for

information about seed potatoes.

Those residing outside the state Will

be furnished the list if they desire it

and will make their wants known to

the secretary. This service is entirely

free and is available to all within the

state. It is one feature of thevexten-

sion work with potatoes. There is a

close co-operation between the College

and the Michigan State Potato Asso-

ciation in this work. We are trying

to so shape the work that many grow-

ers will realize the importance of it

and become sufficiently interested to

join the State Association. Those who

desire information as to the other lines

of work which are being undertaken

by the Extension Department of the

Agricultural College in co-operation

with the' Michigan Potato Association

may secure the same by writing the

secretary.



‘ C. W. WAID,

Sec’y Mich. State Potato Assn.
Note the dove-tailed joint that makes

this silo absolutely air-tight. See the

pin that anchors the reinforcing steel

bands to the individual blocks. Each

is a separate. sealed, heat and cold

resisting unit of vitrified tile.





Z5729

Everlasting





S°l

is built of blocks like this, the high-

est development of scientific silo

construction. it is made by a firm





of national repute in the manufacture

and sale of clay products.





Read About It 153:3“ f“ mil:





lets that tell minutely why the Everlasting

Silo will keep your silage longer and better

than any other.





LEWIS l‘lcNU'l'T





 





{‘1}? ,Clay Products

ii “iii: ' 23 80. Walnut St.,

11- 1'" '15" ’

I: T‘ I: I I Brazil lnd.

.1‘ill1 7 +3 '3“ \\ 1| mill ’

‘1'. -’.'.'.-I [UNI ‘lu ”i"! “9 i1 11 1.





- -11 '11111.





i

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1 11M;





 





Glazed tile or four kinds wood stave. Haul

and easily erect Kalamazoo Silos whenfarm

labor is most plentiful and cheap. Freight

paid to GUARANTEED Tile silos





your home anchored

town- Red by weight.

wooddoors Fire and

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opening Superior

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Save money, too, by early-in-year shipments

direct from nearest luln, or factory to farm

oo-operation sales plan. Aslc for booklet

and details. Silo users make bat local agents.

Write today—Dept. 621

KALAMAZOO TANK sc' SILO co.





 





 





KALAMAZOO,MICH.





 





 





NY silo is better than no silo,

but no silo is b___etter than the





111111;





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Get. our catalog and the book that tells

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Writs today for early buyers’ money-saving

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' m INDIANA SILO 00.. 582 Union Bldcglndmomlnd.





Kansas City. Inn Dec loin Fort WM Tax.

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Keeps ensilage



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Manyexclusivefcaturcs



Doors on hinges: triple,



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_Our SQ yrs. of manufacturin exper-

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Enameled Metal Silos Agents wanted



THE E. W. ROSS C0.

Springfield, 0.





 





 





 





 





Build Your Silo To Last!





The Silo that gives the best silage for

‘ x the longest time is chi apest and best.

Choose byt this standard and build a





GUERNSEY SlLO





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Mention The Michigan Farmer Ute: Writing Advertisers





 





HE Fifty-second Annual Conven-

tion of the National Wool Grow-

ers’ Association held at Salt



Lake City, January 13 to 15 inclusive,

was claimed to be the largest meeting

of stockmen ever assembled in con-

vention in America. The prosperity

of last year, the fear of threatened ad-

verse land legislation, the realization

of the power of organization, and the

necessity of voicing the appreciation

and supporting an exceptionally effec-

tive force were combined factors in

producing this attendance.



The one predominating feature of

the entire convention was the discus-

sion of the land question. Various sys-

tems of preparing and marketing wool

were considered, the losses incident to

predatory wild animals and to poison-

ous plants were noted, a representa1

tive of the forestry department de-

sCribed several interesting experi-

ments which involved a change of

present range methods with good re-

sults, and other interesting addresses

were made, but all these were subor-

dinated to the problem of securing

such congressional action as would”

most equitably conserve the interests

of the stockmen in the disposal of the

remaining unappropriated public do-

main. It was felt that some action is

coming soon, and that the industry

most affected by such legislation is en-

titled to consideration. The sheepmen

are a unit with the caitlemen as to

certain questions, and the final unani-

mous sentiment of this convention is

expressed in the resolutions.



An Interesting Program.



From the opening address of Presi-

dent Hagenbarth to the closing re-

marks of Prof. Marshall, the sheep ex-

pert of the federal government, the

program was unusually interesting

and instructive, and given full appre-

ciation by those in attendance. While

some of them would be of little inter-

est to eastern farmers, others will fur-

nish valuable information. In his ad

dress the president warned against in-

flation and over-enthusiasm because of

prevailing high prices, and advised

the payment of debts instead of their

creation: he argued for the leasing of

the open range, and for the necessity

of regulating the market supply of

lambs by extending the time of mar-

keting; he noted the need of improved

methods of care and breeding, and

deemed a public ram sale advisable.



Mr. E. Clifton, New Zealand Com-

missioner of Live Stock at the Pana-

ma-Pacific Exposition, gave a very in-

teresting paper upon sheep conditions

in that far away island. Twenty-five

million is the number there usually

maintained, while their marketings

are about eight million annually, most

of which is exported to Great Britain.

Sheep there run on grass the entire

year, under fence. The Romey breed

predominates by a large percentage,

while the Lincoln is also popular. The

Corriedale, about which we hear much

in America, is of comparatively small

importance, although this is its native

land. It has been developed by cross-

ing Lincoln rams upon Merino ewes,

and then inter—breeding the crosses,

rejecting many of the produce in the

process of selecting animals which

would breed approximately near to the

type desired, which is practically that

of the first cross of the two breeds

named.



Of similar interest was the talk of

Prof. Marshall upon Australian condi-

tions, which country he visited last

year as the representative of the Am-

erican government. There sheep are

handled in immense pastures, fenced

rabbit- and dingo-proof with high wov-

en wire, the only labor required being

a. fence rider. As many as four thou-

sand are run in a single pasture.

These pastures are made possible by

the government leasing the lands for

long terms, at rentals proportionate

to the number of sheep per acre the

land will. carry. An average rental is





 





/





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





Nat’l Wool Growers’ Convention

By ROSCOE WOOD.





about one and one-half cents per acre.

Ninety per cent of the sheep are Mer-

ino, but in recent years there has aris~

en a tendency to use longwool rams in

certain sections. In the Merino breed-

ing the aim is to produce a long, ro-

bust wool, (which we would call

coarse in fiber), as they have found

that it produces more profit per acre

than a finer wool.





Regarding wool classing, or grading,

as we term it, the conditions are so at

variance with American conditions

that the practicability of their adop-

tion here is seriously questioned. There

the wool is never sold as an entire

clip, but is classed, sent to the sea-

port town, and sold at public auction

through a selling agent. Their class-

ing is based more upon shrinkage bas-

is, as the flocks are very well graded

when they come to the shearing shed.

The production of good mutton there

is a long way in the future, while the

extension of sheep raising is hardly

possible, the richer lands near the sea.

coast being turned toward intensive

farming while the deserts in the inte-

rior are practically inaccessible and

furnish little feed at any time. Drouths,

labor troubles, and taxes are the great

drawbacks to the business, but it has

a. stability that the American range

sheep industry can not hope for until

the land question is settled so that

sheepmen can put their business upon

a permanent basis.



Dwight B. Heard, President of the

American-National Live Stock Associa-

tion, gave a forcible exposition of the

land situation, and regarded any con-

gressional action which gave the west-





JAN. 29, 1916. -





ern/stockmen justice as requiring a

classification of the public lands, that

land subject to homestead entry must

be of such character as to enable the

entryman to reasonably support a fam-

ily, that stock water should be con-

served for the use of live stock, and

that all public lands not fit for home-

steading shall be leased under federal

control, similar to the forest reserves.

Resolutions.



Resolutions adopted are summariz-

ed as follows: Petitioning Congress

to secure more revenue by an amend-

ment of the tariff on sugar, meats, and

wool, through a non-partisan tariff

commission; asking the Department

of Agriculture to require the steriliza-

tionof all wool and other animal pro-

ducts imported from countries in

which foot-and-mouth disease prevails;

supporting the Department of Agricul-

ture in its methods of eradicating the

foot-and-mouth disease; asking Con-

gress to enact legislation providing for

the classification of the public domain

into lands suitable fur crop production

and lands suitable only for grazing,

the former to be opened for settlement

in tracts of such size as will adequate-

ly support a family, the latter to be

leased to those who will use them for

the production of live stock; asking

the Secretary of the Interior to set

aside unoccupied government land for

stock trails; petitioning Congress to

enact a pure fabric law; commenda-

tion of the National Wool Warehouse;

soliciting the support of all fiockmas-

ters to the National Wool Grower; a

disavowal of lawless acts by individual

sheepmen.



The old officers were re-elected, in-

cluding F. J. Hagenbarth, Spencer, Ida-

ho, president, and S. W. McClure, Salt

Lake City, Secretary.





The Annual Live Stock Meeting





HE annual meeting of the Mich-

igan Improved Live Stock

Breeders’ and Feeders’ Associa-



tion, and the meetings of the allied

breed organizations held at the Mich-

igan Agricultural College January 18

to 21 inclusive, brought out a larger

number of breeders than usually at-

tend this important winter event. Due

to the fact that the meeting was ex-

tended over four days instead of being

crowded into two, as has been the cus-

tom in former years, the attendance at

the general meeting on Wednesday and

the banquet on Wednesday evening,

was not as largely attended as has

been the case in some former years.

More farmers and stock breeders were

however, in attendance at the various

sessions than at any previous meeting

of.these allied organizations.



Excellent programs were given both

at the general meeting and at the div-

and breed meetings. Owing to the fact

that these meetings were held in dif-





ferent rooms in the agricultural build-

ing, scattered over a period of three

days, it has been necessary to gather

the report through the official chan-

nels of the organization, making it im-

possible to give a complete report of

the business meetings of these differ-

ent organizations in this issue. Such

a report will, however, be published in

the next issue, and arrangements have

been made for the publication of the

major portion of the principal address-

es given at the general meeting and

the more important of the breed meet-

ings. The first of these which was giv-

en at one of the earlier breed meet-

ings appears in another column of this

issue and will be succeeded by others

in future issues. Altogether the meet-

ing was one of great profit tothe live

stock breeders of the state, and its ef-

fects should be reflected through the

various breed interests of the progres-

sive Michigan farmers who were in

attendance.





Live Stock for Mich. Waste Places





Paper by Thos. F. Sotham, Read Before the Michigan Hereford

Breeders Association.





HE greatest obstacle barring the

way to adequate progress in

the development of Michigan



waste places is Michigan's own ignor-

ance of their real value and certain

future. The average Wolverine citi-

zen living within a hundred miles of

the Indiana or Ohio border is a dog in

the manger when the settling of Mich-

igan territory further north is consid-

ered, he knows little and cares less

about the cut-over lands to the north-

ward, and he either damns them with

faint praise or in his ignorance con-

demns them altogether. Dollars by the

million have been sent out of the four

southern tiers of Michigan counties to

tame the wilderness of the west and

south and north, from Panama to Alas-

ka. Investments from this self-con-

sciously superior region have been en-

thusiastically hazarded in seven figure

amounts on Saskatchewan, where

frost and snow is a common August

visitor, and ice locks the grain shocks

to the ground to insure the thresher





with employment in the spring months.

And yet, only suggest to those invest-

ors that there are splendid, cheap land

investments above Saginaw Bay, and

lo and behold, with brazen assurance

they inform you that the polar regions

lie thereabouts. Boo! And the worst

of it is that the Buckeye or Hoosier

faring northward through the south-

ern counties of Michigan is deterred

by the ignorance of Clare and Ogemaw

and the like, that is nourished there.



A very dear friend of the writer, who

has profited over a million dollars

through the unearned increment inher-

ent to his late father’s farm as it re-

ceded farther and farther within the

limits of Michigan’s greatest city; ex-

claimed upon being urged to do some

thing for Michigan’s waste places:

“What! that God-forsaken country.”

Yet this same friend saw the cattle on

one of his western ranches lie down

and die in the Arizona desert by thou-

sands for the sheer lack of water and



(Continued on page 149).





1e,
JAN. 29, 1916.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





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This is the New 3400 r.p.m. Chalmers; 45 H. P.; 2660 Pounds——the Price $1050





600 merchants, who sell a great many

thousand cars every year, took one look at

this new 3400 r. p. m. Chalmers and bought

$22,000,000 worth in forty minutes.





Perhaps half of them came from county-

seat towns, some from smaller communities.

They took almost half the Chalmers output.





That means about 10,000 of the new 3400

r. p. m. Chalmers are going on the farm.





The other half will go to the cities, which

for eight years have absorbed the greater share

of Chalmers production.





You can stand on Fifth Avenue any day

and watch a million dollars’ worth of Chalmers

go by. Stand on Jackson and Michigan Boule-

vards, Chicago, and you will think half the

city is riding to work in Chalmers.





Minneapolis, Boston, St. Louis, Kansas

City, San Francisco, Cleveland, Detroit, daily

show the Chalmers conquest.





Now comes this new 3400 r. p. m. Chalmers;

up goes the demand, new buildings,‘ produc-

tion. And down comes the price m$1050.



That is $300 less than any Chalmers model

ever built before, and some $900 less than the

Chalmers of three years ago.





The hundreds of Chalmers dealers who sell

a great many cars to farmers every year have

bought more than $10,000,000 worth of these





 





new cars because $300 saved is $300 earned,

and $300 is six per cent. on $5000.



They bought so heavily because they knew,

as good merchants, that this was a good-sense

kind of a car for a farmer to drive. It develops

45 horse-power at the usual cost of 25 H. P.

(And gasoline isn’t getting any lower).



The engine is rather small beside the big

hulk of an engine it used to take to turn up 45

horse-power. The cylinders are 314 x 41/2—six

of them. But they deliver the stift'est wallop

that ever came out of an engine of its size. It

“turns over" 3400 revolutions per minute, or

better than 56 a second.



You understand the “kick” that is back

of speed. Some cars do 1400. Some 1800.

Some 2200. Others 2400. One or two get

around 2600; one reaches 3000 r. p. m.



But this is the highest engine speed ever

developed in an American stock car.



It means great power from a small engine;

a light-weight chassis; quick acceleration; long

mileage on gas; abnormal tire life; and ability

to pass your neighbor almost at will.



One minute‘with your foot on the accel-

erator makes you want to own the car.



When you go to town again look up the

Chalmers dealer; and send for a catalog now.





$1050 f. o. b. Detroit

Chalmers Motor Company, Detroit, Mich.
128—8





 





/





THE -MICHIGA





 





LOOkOIlW





For Bad Seed»





Once more I warn you to look out

for bad farm seed. No living man can re-

L call a year whgrii Seed Gram £13531 Giiass 1Seedk

. ast summer‘s exce ing wetness l . an

Were so foul Weed seeds by billions were

harvested along with the grain. Moreover. a big per cent ofithe grains

themselm are running to low quality and are unfit for planting. Mark

Grain or Grass Seed this ear

without first scientifically removing both the weed seed an the

bad grains will pay a. fearful penalty at harvest. It means money

-—big money to you—to clean and grade your seed now—before

This is true no matter what crops you grow.





 

   

 





weeds infested almost every field.





my word, the man who sows





planting time.





Let This FREE Book

You Big





how to clean and grade any an

tiplied Wheat Yields: extrii bumper Corn Crops:





' . Fl Timoth Clover Alfalfa etc.—

record breaking Huvestaoi‘gzrfieib ax. DEB . Grainl A la a





es—In r own exact w s. _

is a handsome, illustrated Book. Worth $100 to any farmer—but yours for the asking.





sndGRA





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'1 /'.





N ,FARMER





RUNING is a natural process in-

tensified. Useless and weak

limbs are choked out by the‘lack



of sunlight in nature’s way, but the

process is slow and the dead brush is

still left in the tree. In pruning we

select limbs which will form the de-

sired head of the tree and make them

strong by cutting out others and

thereby eliminating the struggle of the

survival of the fittest among limbs. By

pruning we also control the shape of

the tree so that it will be more con-

venient for the carrying on of our mod-

ern orchard operations.



What Pruning Accomplishes.



We can also correct evil tendencies

of growth by pruning and control to

an extent, the habits of bearing fruit.

In the matter of growth a variety may

grow too upright or too spreading to

make the ideal shape. If. so these

tendencies can be corrected to a great

extent by cutting off of limbs which

grow inward on upright trees and

those growing outward on spreading

trees. In the matter of correcting bear-

ing habits we can cut back the tips of

limbs if it is characteristic of the va-

riety to grow fruit on the ends of the

branches and thus encourage the for-

mation of spurs in the tree. Trees

which overhear can be brought down

to bearing a moderate crop by a thin-

ning out of the short fruit spurs while

those which are slow in coming into

bearing should have little pruning and

only in such a way as to leave as

many.of the fruit spurs in the tree as

possible. This can usually be accom-

plished by pruning out the large limbs

and leaving as much as possible the

smaller and shorter ones which are

more likely to have fruit buds on

them. ‘



In general the tendency is toward

less pruning rather than more. A year-

ly cutting back on general principles

is not considered policy any more but,

instead, just enough pruning to ac-

complish the real purpose of pruning,

that of directing the growth is deemed

essential.



Pruning Young Trees.



In the pruning of young trees before

setting the broken roots should be cut

off and the others cut back to about

six inches in length and the top, if a

whip limb, should be cut. back to about

knee height if there are plenty of live

buds beneath that. To cut away all of

of the live buds in pruning the top of

a nursery tree makes it necessary for

the tree to force out dormant buds at

the most critical period of its life. If

the tree is branched high the top can

also be cut to knee height if plenty of





 





 

   

   





live buds remain. If not, then the

‘branches should be thinned out to

about four, which should be so placed





JAN. 29, 19-16.





Pruning Apple Trees





tility of the heavier; soils will encour-



age wood growth and check bud for-



mation. '

Light Annual Pruning Best.





Bearing trees should have a. light

annual going over. Spasmodic pruning

does not shock the tree in the real

meaning of the word shock, but it is

likely to upset the balance between

weed growth and fruit bud formation

and will consequently result in tem-

porarily checking production.





' Very often when a bearing orchard

is taken in hand there will be needed

a lot of pruning to correct the mis-

takes or carelessness of the past In

such cases one of any two limbs close

to each other and nearly parallel

should be cut out, no matter how large.

Also all crotches should be remedied

if possible by removing one of the

limbs which form it. If several large

limbs have to be cut out it is advisable

to cut them out and leave the neces-

sary thinning out of small brush until

the next year. If severe pruning, such

as cutting back the tops, is necessary,

it is best to do the pruning in the

spring when the crop prospects of the

tree are good. In doing this the growth

of a large amount of water sprouts is

generally prevented as the energies of

the tree are devoted to maturing the

fruit crop.





As varying conditions of tree growth

need different pruning, so will differ-

ent varieties need different pruning

because varieties different in their

habits of growth. For instance, it

would not be wise to prune a Duchess

in the same way as a Greening. The

same variety under different soil con-

ditions may also require different

pruning. The main object in all prun-

ing is to make the tree bear as near

as possible annual moderate crops of

good-sized and well-colored fruit. An

endeavor to keep a balance between

the wood growth and the fruit bud

formation will do much toward accom-

plishing this. ‘





MAKING A PLANTING: BOARD.





 





Next to selecting the wrong varie-

ties there is no more permanent mon—

ument to carelessness than irregular

planting. In setting out an orchard,

whether it be large or small, the trees

must be properly planted to look well.

A handy planting guide can be made

of a board about six feet long and four

inches wide by placing a notch at each

end and one on the side. After the

orchard plot has been measured off

and the stakes set for the trees at the

correct intervals, the planting board

can be laid on the ground with the

notch C aganist the stake where the





 





H .





as to makdv’the'“ framework of a well

balanced top and at least two inches

from each other on the trunk.



In the past it was thought essential

to give the young trees which have

not come into bearing a thorough prun-

ing each year so as to “shape up” the

tree and make it stocky. But it was

found that a. thorough pruning delayed

bearing considerably, because it usu-

ally eliminated the early developed

spurs and induced wood growth at the

expense of fruit bud formation. So at

present it is deemed advisable to do

just as little pruning to the young tree

as is consistent with keeping the grow-

ing top in good shape. The only cases

where the old practice would still be

of advantage are on varieties which

start bearing very young and are like-

ly to overhear, such as the Wagoner.

This is especially advisable when such

varieties are set on light soils as the

tendency to overbear is greater than

on the heavier soils because the fer-





 





B

- A .





The useéwail‘lditmg Board will lnsu re Straight Rows in the Orchard.





tree is to be planted. Then stakes can

be placed at the points, A and B, and

the planting board removed to dig the

hole. ’



After a fairly large hole has been

dug to give the roots plenty of room

the planting board is returned be-

tween the stakes at the points, A and

B, and the point, C, will be exactly

where the original stake was located.

This gives the planter the exact spot

to place the tree. This method is

much better than pulling up the orig-

inal stake, digging the hole and trust-

ing to luck that the tree will be plant-

ed inthe correct alignment. While

the planting board is over the hole and

the tree standing in the notch the

earth may be shoveled back and press-

ed down. When the board is removed

the tree will be firmly situated in the

right place and the remaining earth

may be thrown in the hole and firmly

tamped down.





lngham Co. R. G. KIRBY.
U





 





 





JAN. 29, 1916.





THE VALUE OF TREE PRODUC-

TION RECORDS.





 





With the development of stronger

competition in fruit growing more effi-

cient methods of carrying on orchard

work will develop and become com-

mon practice. Practically all of the

methods of present-day orcharding

were at one time in the experimental

stage and even after their value was

apparent it took time to convince

enough individual growers of this to

make them common practice.





We all know of the value of individ-

ual production records in the case of

dairy cows and hens, but we have nev-

er thought of such work with reference

to the orchard. Tree individuality is

an established fact and in order to

learn of the best individuals in the or-

chard individual records are of im-

portance. The U. S. Department of

Agriculture has realized this and is

keeping some interesting orchard rec-

ords. Assistant Pomologist L. B. Scott,

in the following, gives a hint of the

value of this work.





“We have had some deciduous bud

selection investigational work in Con-

necticut and also in your own state in

co-operation with the Michigan Agri-

cultural College. In Michigan we have

had two years’ performance records

on Northern Spies and Baldwins and

we believe there is going to be found

in those varieites just as great a varia-

tion as we have found in the case of

citrus fruits. Our Northern Spy study

plot is located in the orchard of L. E.

Hall, near Ionia, Mich, and the Bald<

win study plot in the orchard of B. F.

Hall, near Belding, Mich. We have

found certain trees which were poor

producers in 1914 that were also poor

producers in 1915; other trees that

bore very heavy crops in 1914 which

duplicated that performance the fol-

lowing year; still other trees appear

to have an alternate habit of bearing

one year a heavy crop and the next

year practically nothing.



“The work so far with deciduous

fruits is in a preliminary state. How-

ever, we have gone far enough in the

California citrus work to demonstrate

conclusively that there is a considera-

ble amount of variation encountered

in all standard fruit varieties. How-

ever, we believe that, by keeping defi-

nite statements of individual tree rec-

ords, that is, by keeping track of the

amount of fruit and quality of fruit

borne by each individual tree in an

orchard and then only propagating

from the standard type or ideal type

trees, eventually by such a method of

selecting budwood you would secure

an orchard which would have uniform-

ly\productive type trees.



“The work of serving commercial in-

dividual tree records has been begun

by a number of growers, not only in

California but in Florida as well, and

some deciduous growers in various

sections of the United States. One

firm in California is picking every tree

separately on 1500 acres of citrus

fruits; they have been doing that now

for four years and find it pays them

to do so. When they find a tree, after

a series of three or four years, which

is a good healthy tree but is a consist-

ently poor producing one, they rebud

it or topwork it, going to good type.

trees on which they have actual per-

formance records and getting. their

budwood from these good standard

trees. Eventually this firm hopes to

work over every tree in its orchard to

a high producing tree.” I





 





According to the New York Cornell

Station, both Bordeaux mixture and

lime—sulphur solution may be used for

the control of leaf blight which is said

to attack not only the sweet cherry,

but is quite common on sour cherries

and certain varieties of plums. A

5:5:50 solution of Bordeaux mixture

or a lime- sulphur solution at a strength

of one gallon to 50 gallons of water

are recommended





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





9—129





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





Note These





- Features





——





Control—Fun control of entire

outfit from operator's seat.





Enclosed Gearing—Every

gear a steel gear and all cut

gears excepting bull gear—all

gears encased and running in

oil, including bull gear.





Roller Bearings—Roller bear-

ings exclusively used throughout.





Heavy-Duty Engine—Four»

cylinder, heavy -duty e ngine —-

Rumely made.





Durability—Rigid I—beam

frame construction.



new Rumely model.

NO Extras—Prices are for trac-

tor complete with plows.





La Porte





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





m ~ - 7 . ‘

w LV;'IMWI7MLS::: (I,

fig" r1111"IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII_.IIr? _'_IIIIIIIIII(i





.11111111111111111—111111. 111%





 





 





 





 





1’) 1’2 0 U I‘I“C' I n

1121111111111 8;?”





-/ 1E0.B.;La Porte





This new Rumely model has met

with instant success because

it fills all requirements for a small

farm tractor—and it is built by a

company that knows how.





It is strictly a one-man outfit~tractor and plows

are combined in one machine, and the control

of the entire outfit is from the operator’s seat.





With the Rumely you plow just the same as with

a horse gang—the plows are where you can see

them and you know how the outfit is working

every minute. You can back with your plows,

make short turns and cut square corners.





Besides plowing, this tractor will pull your discs,

harrows, mowers, drills and binders—it will oper-

ate your silage cutter, hay baler, corn sheller,small

separator and feed grinder. In fact, handle all your

power jobs, draw-bar or belt. When used for

other than plowing, plows are quickly detached.





We make the same design 111 a three- plow tractor

-—-“12 24. ” Price $975.00 cash, f. o. b. La Porte.





Send for a catalog completely describing this





ADVANCE-RUMELY THRESHER Co.





(Incorporated)

Battle Creek. Mich.





 





 





   

 





I





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   





Indiana





 

   

 





   

 

   

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





or\\‘w

fig§





\F/ l 1.1- :‘

\HIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII. 10W ..

IfllllflllllllIIIIIIIlIIIIIIlIII/llll





 





 

 





   





IllIll





 





 





 





 





 





Northern Grown Yellow Dent Corn





Crop of1914





Our Test 100 ‘70. We guarantee 91% ierm. Send

for Sample and Test it yourself. Write for prices.





Jones Seed Co.





9 81 ll lonia Ave. Grand Rapids, Mich.





10 DAY “STRAWBERRY PLANTS

lllEEorchardTest 7”“ “30W”





‘PROGRESSIVE”, Best Fall-bearer: Also Std.

21' . TAHL SPRAYERS





June sorts, including our New Seedling, ”COL-



LINS". F1111 Assortment other Fruit. Plants.

‘1‘" ‘ - We will ship you any Barrel Spray-

ing Outfit 1n our catalog for a thors





Catalo FREE. . .

. E. Whitten’s Nurseries,

ough Ten-Days’ FREE Test.

NewCataloz





Box (I 4) Bridgman. Mich.

-SBeclal$reo Trial Offfr





WW» v1: 111511 CLOVER





.' saves you fully 40%. If not greatect bar

0k out for Buokhorn and other





you ever saw, return it-test costs nothin.

Win-Sum Sprayer °°" '“ 428 Quincy, "I weeds 1n oloverthis year. Very little Pure

seed to be had. Ours is practically free





F t 1 weed seeds and waste. Much the cheapest

sma" Fruitsr Alneliindild £13118 tFali‘iiingeegmgzg. to sow. All other varieties of field seeds. Sun-





1- A1- 401111189 Catalog 11 rec. also and instructions“llow to Know Good Seed” Free.

W- N SCARFF Box F. Ne w Ca rlille. 01110 Write Mn!- 0M.SCOTT a 80118 00436 1111111 Bhlsrylvlllofi.





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





 





.1.-;.--. .-..,W M .....,........k......_..._.. v.... a“. 1 ..





 





 





 





Small Fruit Plants

Guaranteed in every way. Prices

reasonable. Fine, large, healthy

plants guaranteed to be true to

11111111 and to re a1h ) 011 in good growing





(ondition. If you want to get 0111 bar-

gains write at once for 111talog.





Keith Bros Nursery. Box 103 Sawyer,Mich.





 





Free for Testing

ArurX it of mate 1'] EVERBEARING

STR WBERRY PLANTS FREE if

. ou w1ll re ortns toy our-success with

, "‘ cm. Wi I bear loads of 2, red,

, berries from June to November. We

‘ have counted 480 berries. blossoms

and uds on a single plzni t. A 05ml

willbring etvhecplanm, also eno111seed

' of then FE RTYA to

plant a rod squar co froué: Tnd. Also

pkt. ofS perennial ()Rl NTAL POPPY

seed. nd 10 ate for mailing expense

or nots. ens you please. Write today

and get acquaintedw

'I'HE GARDNER nunsznv oCOMPANY

..l0uzo





KANT - [(1.06 - SPRAYER





9 sizes of sprays from one nozzle. Starts

or stops 1nstantly~saves solution and

work. Sendforcatalog. Agentswanted.

Rochester Spray Pump Co.



' Broadwa Rochester N Y





PURE FIELD SEED





Clover Timoth, Alsike. Alfalfa and all kinds of PURE

FIELD SEED direct from prodtuer to ionsumer;

freefrom all noxious weeds Ask for sump



.O. HOYT dz 00.1i0x M. FOS’l ()RIIA, OHIO





SWEET CLGVER seed. special scarifyed bullet!

and unhulled. Circular and



prices on request John A Sheehan, R. 4, Falmouth Ky.

Plants 31. 65 per 1000. True composed





Strawbelly and valuable illustrated catalog free.

Mayer’ s Plant Nursery Merrill. Mich. BoheminnNursei-ymsn





SEEDS THAT GROW- 3111239051‘1’51‘3515 3°62}?





alogue Free. Alleu‘ 8 Seed House, (2.1- neta, Uhio





 

   





   

 





 





Swarm“ ‘
Over 100,000 ’

Reliance Cream Separators

Bought By American, '

Farmers in Past

Two Years ' '





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





W0 years ago the Reliance Engineering 00. announced they



would build a new model cream separator; a cream separator

. which would be absolutely self-oiling and so perfect in con-

struction, so efficient, that it would be the most profitable separator for

the farmer to purchase.

During February, 1914, a few of these separators were shipped from the

factory and a few individual good opinions began to be formed. The growth

of this volume of good opinion was in ratio to the growth of the volume of

produotion. In a very short time, the news of its performance traveled faster

than the supply, and there was a waiting list in all parts of the country.

In spite of the larger increased output today—the same conditions exist.

Every farmer you meet has a clear-cut idea of the superiority of this

separator. The fact that more than 100,000





RELIANCE





Cream Separators





have been bOught by American farmers in the last two

years proves the feeling created by the Reliance.

Reliance prestige is steadily growing greater. The

Reliance demand will go right on expanding in

volume and in enthusiasm. We urge you to as-

sure yourself of immediate delivery so that you

may guard against disappointment. If you can se-

cure a Reliance now, protect yourself and take it.

If you cannot do better than arrange- for delivery in a

month or two. we urge you to take that Dl‘w‘mlllnn.





Learn more about this machine. .\ postal will bring

the Reliance Book. Send for it.





RELIANCE ENGINEERING co.

Box 563 . LANsmc, MICH.





 

 





 





Eggortable sawniq‘i

A 3-in-0ne‘0utfit





Ilsed as a Portable San

Outfit. Only one horse

is required to handle it.





Saw may be detached.

making it a portable out-

fit for all kinds of work.





 

 





'2-Cylind er

[Englne





 





Engine is easily removed





 





r





Here is the successful Light Weight Saw

Rig you have been looking for. Weighs only 1285 lbs. Que fI'OII the truck! and used

horse easily takes it anywhere. Saw frame of the tilting for all general purposes.

type. Blades 28 inches. Fitted for pole saw work. when .



ordered. Where desired. tongue neck yoke and doubletrees will be furnished ln§tcad of Shafts. .

The sensitive Cushman Throttle Governor responds instantly when saw strikes the_log. making

it stand up and deliver steady. uniform _ ”worsening. One man who uses this outfit says

the Cushman pulls more like a steam engine than any other gas engine he ever handled





Light Weight -

Cushman Engines





Are the most useful engines for farm work. Run

very quietly and steadily, on account of ThrottleGov-

ernor and perfect balance. In Violent explosmns and

fast and slow speeds. Very light in werghtpnd easy

to move around from job to job. 4 H. P. weighs only

1119011955.: ii $05123”? labs; 15EH. P. only 7831: “1%: 20 rm l. h‘ a P ,



. .ony . us man ngmesaren c cap. -

but they are cheap in the long run. Engine book free. i::.."'l".‘..".".‘.‘.t'.".‘.2:‘a :TtaP’Wadfl't :gofllbh:





Cushman Motor Works. 826 N. let St.,Lincoln, Nebr.





PEACHaAPPLE BIG NEWS





TREES 2c 8. up“

Vl80rOUSClllCllS





Pear, Plum, Cherry. Small Fruits, Strawberry Vines}

Nuts, etc. GENUINE HALE BUDDED from BenringJ.

California Redwood-Hundreds of dead air cells

(:0th eggs ainst sudden changes. Double Disc Re u-

bor." Co on N





H. HALE TREES. Genuine Delicious Apples. Cnt.Fro&

TENN. NURSERY CD. Box 44 Clfldllfl. T“

for our high smile “m at Water Hater— M" Dou is

“We“ comm‘si‘ms M' O“ , .35 Lower:- PRICE YET 22°: :‘fit‘fi,’

. etc for: at:





Farmers .- -





. . - l.

Dansvrlle Fruit Tree Co., Dggmgfn 5,3,? q





 

 





   

 





. as.





 





 





   

   

 

   





 

 

 





Ready to Use





 





Spend your spare time this win

taking orders in your neighbor





 





t of Rockies.

" “223‘?

Why Pay Seven cents Per Pound, .........°.r. - ,7, .

tor having your beans picked over at the elevator when Bo‘wfi'" INCUBALog'aoh , "N f

you can PICK THEM YOURSELF. on oneo been ' - @952? /





pickers, that cost $4.00 Vamar. Send your money (I

write for catalog. to. The Klllor Co., Vasur. Inch





 





 





   





Clean. Disease-Free





SE E D POTATOES

John V. Harrison. Sec. of Kenton Potato

Growers Aas'n. Hinton. Itch.





I 113 11 hi ks d'e

E. J . Reefer, the poultry expert. 1081 Earmer Bldf.

Kansas Cit . Md. is wing swag free a valuab e

btli‘ok mliktleti “Elma: .gia'hré-hofea tan How it: gin" It."



' 8

waursorrm-grmuumfirmmm irritabdm‘iw iii. ”Sway-z. delimiter. life-i“...

a .

WOUNG-RANDOLPH sun 00.. Owooso. Mich avgfunmmnmmhmm "m ”-3-“





Government Farmer: Walled. ”0 tam“: monthly.

Write. ozumrr. 11??wa '3'





When Writing to Advertisers Please





   

   





 





:—





 





monashsocmcx IIOVEI

“#:qu Cmbzusd , w .

incubus. Seleendduuble. I'btwu“

lieu. Meander: 1mm hoddrec.

Wemkcildéflercmm





 

   

 





 





 





Mention The. Michigan Farmer. smut. Dunno em. up.“





»





'THEHMI‘CH/IGAN‘ FARM-ER,





- : I,. —~





7 Iran. 29, 1916.





Marketing . Maple Syrup





By W. L.

OME of our living ancestors can





of their careers when maple sugar

was not a. luxury but an article of ev-





* i well remember in the early part

- :ery-day use. It is even fortunate that





‘a cheaper article, such as cane sugar,





 





which is capable of meeting the de-





~ gmands for quantity has been produced.





The demand for maple sugar and even

syrup, purely as an article of luxury

is now greater than can be met by the

pure products alone. The increased

demand has not been met by increased

production but by fabricators and mix-

ers. When seven cents represents the

actual cost of production of sugar per

pound, and 60 cents the cost of pro-

ducing syrup per gallon, it is evident

that it cannot compete with an adulter-

ated product which contains a very

little real maple, or an artificial flavor-

ing entirely. In view of this fact,

what I shall have to say on marketing

maple products will be aimed partially

toward selling maple products 'with

the mixers’ and adulterators' products

as competitors.

Quality-Goods Necessary.





iness that permanent trade must be

built upon personal honesty and qual-

ity of goods. It follows then, that cus—

tomers must know the goods are as

represented. As a. uniform grade of

maple produce cannot be made during

all seasons and at all times in the

same season, they should be sold at

prices accordingly, abandoning the

idea that perhaps the customer will

not notice the slight difference in

taste or color.



Co-operative marketing associations

of variouskinds have met with consid-

erable success selling various pro-

ducts. The only one conforming its

endeavors to maple products is oper-

ated by the Vermont Maple Sugar

Makers’ Association. It has met with

singular success in winning for Ver-

mont maple sweets the reputation

they now have through the United

States. ‘ All members of the associa-

tion ship to a central point where the

grading is done and later the sales are

made by one experienced in market-

ing. This is supported by a commis-

sion on the sales, and allowing for

this, the receipts of each individual

maker are greater than if he made his

own sales in a market not entirely fa-

miliar to him.



Register Under Pure Food Law.



One of the most effective methods of

gaining the confidence of purchasers

is to register the product under the

pure food act and place the serial num-

ber on each package or can. The pro-

cedure is, first to write the Depart-

ment of Chemistry at Washington,

stating thal you are manufacturing a

pure product and wish to register it.

In return you receive blanks upon

which sworn statements are made be-

fore a notary regarding the purity of

your sugar or syrup. Upon receipt of

this in Washington, a serial number

'will be given the maker, which he is

free to use upon all maple goods of

standard quality. This procedure must

not be understood to lead to a guaran-

tee of purity from the government.

The guarantee comes from the maker

himself and the government merely

éagrces to prosecute any person mis-

fbranding or adulterating the labeled

product. This means of protection is

(open to every maker of standard qual-

ity maple goods with a cost to himself

extremely insignificant. The maker is

thus reasonably assured that his goods

reach the consumer pure.



How to Get Customers.



Unless an entire output is consumed

locally a certain amount of advertising

pays for itself by getting new custom—

ers and reaching the most desirable

ones. Am0ng the good customers, the

past residents of the community who

now live in states not producing maple

products are the very best, both for





 





 





It is an axiom, I believe, of all bus- -





GILSON "





their own trade and for the number‘





who buy through their influence. To

get such names the list of subscribers

to the local paper will be of assistance.

It makes advisable the printing of a.

small but attractive pamphlet, or some

direct means of communication to each

prospective customer must be used.

Such advertising pays for itself in that

a class of customers are reached who

are willing to pay the price for de-

pendable goods. Among others of the

best customers are prominent hotels

and eating houses. In fact, any kind

of disposal from which many people

can carry the name of the maker or

the trade name of the product away

with them is valuable in advertising

it. Among those to avoid as custom-

ers are the mixers and fabricators be-

cause instead of passing their maker’s

name or brand along, it becomes at

once concealed and that of the mixer

substituted. The aim is always to

make one pertion sell another and this

principally by honest quality and keep-

ing the name of the goods before all

possible customers.



The Department of Forestry, of the

Agricultural College, now operates a.

sugar bush annually with a view of

solving many perplexing problems for

the sugar and syrup makers of Michi-

gan. The industry is developed to a

very small extent in Michigan compar-

ed to what it can be with its abundant

resources of maple trees. The Fores-

try Department welcomes inquiries up-

on this subject from any to whom as-

sistance can be given.





 





LOSSES FROM DECAY OF FRUIT.





 





The experiences of the citrus fruit

industries of California serve to ex-

emplify the truth that losses from de-

cay are large. Fruit handling investi-

gations of the department had their in-

ception and inspiration in the River-

side district. These studies have be-

come classic in this field of work, and

have served as models for similar

lines in all parts of the United States

and even in foreign countries. The

reduction of the decay loss to a neg-'

ligible quantity through the applica-

tion of the results of the work in ac

tual practice has served as the basis

for the extension of the careful hand-

ling campaign throughout the length

and breadth of the land. A few years

after the department’s workers with-

drew from the field in California, an-

other serious invasion of decay was

experienced during a season more fav-

orable than usual for the development

of the decay fungus. The growers

had not altogether forgotten the im-

portance of the department’s work,

but they had been led unconsciously

into a sense of security by a series of

years during which the decay loss was

not serious. An appeal to the depart-

ment for further work brought about

a general survey of the existing con-

ditions, with'the result that the ear-

lier work was amply corroborated,

more strongly than ever, indicating

the importance of extra effort during

unfavorable seasons. A type of hand-

ling sufiicient to insure soundness dur-

ing seasons unfavorable for the devel~

opment of disease may be insufficient

during warm, moist weather or other

conditions most favorable for the

growth and spread of decay mold.



For a third time the industry has

been compelled to appeal to the de-

partment for assistance in solving the

decay problem. Decay losses during

the current season have been higher

than usual, and in some instances

have been severe. Investigations dur-

ing the season by the department “are

again confirming the earlier work. It

is being shown that the natural in-

trinsic shipping and keeping qualities

of the fruit have not been noticeably

reduced. ‘





 





Lfir
an}





 





 





 





 





JAN. 29, 1916.





MARKETING BY PARCEL POST

AND EXPRESS.





 





During the past few years a consid-

erable public sentiment has developed

in’ favor of the promotion of direct, or

more nearly direct, dealing between

producer and consumer, with special

reference to food products. While it

is probable that the existing means

and methods of distribution never will

be entirely displaced, there undoubt-

edly is a field with which direct deal-

ing may become effective, with no oth-

er intermediate agency than the trans-

portaion companies or the United

States mail, in the shape of freight

(rail or water), express, or parcel

post.



As a result of this demand for direct

marketing, especially by parcel post,

the Office of Markets and Rural Or-

ganization, Department of Agriculture,

has carried on extensive experiments

in this method of selling various farm

products. Many successful experiment-

al shipments have been made with

eggs, butter, and lettuce, and on a less

extensive scale shipments of strawber-

ries, cherries, blackberries, gooseber-

ries, grapes, cauliflower, and tomatoes

have been tried.



One of the difficulties encountered

in the practical application of market-

ing by parcel post is the matter of

contact between producer and consum—

or. A producer in the country may be

ready to do business by parcel post

but does not know of a person in the

city who wants his produce, whatever

it may be; and the consumer in the

city who desires to buy direct from

the producer by parcel post is simi—

larly handicapped by not knowing

Where to find the farmer or producer

who has the produce he wants. At—

tempts are being made to find satis-

factory methods whereby growers and

consumers may come into contact with

each other.



There are only two reasons why the

consumer should undertake the addi-

tional trouble in securing produce by

mail. These are economy in cost and

greater freshness of product. The dif-

ference between the country and the

city price must be shared fairly be-





tween tl‘e producr and the buyer, and

all transactions must be made with

scrupulous honesty, for otherwise





there is little prospect of making a

success of parcel-post marketing, and

the benefits which should accrue to

both the farmer and his customer will

be lost entirely.





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|II|I|I|IIIIIIII||I|IIII|II|I||IIIIIIIII





Crop and Market Notes.





Michigan.



Berrien Co., Jan. l7.«Good sleigh-

ing and ten below zero. Fall grains

have been well protected nearly all

winter. Corn not all cribbed yet, and

much of it very poor quality. Most

live stock healthy, not many cattle or

sheep on feed. Rough feed in suffi-





cient, quantity for home use. Wheat

$1.17; oats 40c; potatoes $1; apples

75cCi;$1 hay $12 @14; cows $50@70;





butter- tat 320; butter 300.



Lapeer 00., Jan. 18. —-Wheat in good

condition as yet. Farmers seem to

have plenty of feed for own use, and

lots of stock to feed it to. Sheep are

pletty well sold off. Eggs are scaice

since severe weather, bringing 310;

cream 30c; wheat $1.08; corn 75c;

beans $3. 40; potatoes 800; hay $17;

cattle $6; hogs $5@7.



Sanilac Co., Jan. 19.—Wheat and

meadows seem in good condition, al-

though there is a little too much ice

on the ground and very little snow.

Hay being cheap and the corn crop

large, there is an abundance of rough

feed, and a little above the average

amount of stock fed. Hens are begin-

ning to lay. Eggs 26c; butter—fat 30c;

wheat $1.01; beans $3.50; potatoes $1;

hay $7@11.



Saginaw Co., Jan. 17.—Wheat and

rye fair, though there is very little

snow on the ground. Many farmers

are short of feed, with usual amount

of live stock on hand. Hogs scarce

owing to the small amount of soft

corn. Hens not laying well. Wheat

$1.14; com 640; oats 410; beans, hand—

picked $3. 50; hay $13@14; potatoes

'.$1 10; butter 31c.



New York.

Orleans Co., Jan. 17.—Fall sown

(Continued on page 144).





|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIlIllllIIlIll|||lllllllllllllllllllllllllIllIIllIllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





THE MICHIGAN F‘ARMER





"I ‘ W, I

IIIIIIIII IIIllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllllllllllrI IIIII Illllllll II III





What's. Your Herd Worth?





HE worth of your herd is based on the profit it makes



for you. Is that a fair statement? All right. If you can



permanently increase your earnings without enlarging

your herd, isn’t that just about the best place in the world to

invest a little money? You can do that very thing. STAR

BARN EQUIPMENT leads the way to a healthier herd—

cows that give more milk—and better milk—~and all with

about half the labor it now takes. We can prove every word

of these statements.





The reasons why you’ll buy STAR BARN EQUIPMENT

in preference to other kinds lie it its patented features—exclu-

sive with our make—found in no other.





STAR S eel Stalls

erCarriers





Sianchioii glib





e§

mp“





\





«1‘





ll'"-'

"mull“ .111





llllllmu





 





amumlllllllmm

l'





mllllllllllll





   





 

 





IIIIIflllIlIllllllllllllllflfllIIIIlIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIflIfllIIIIIIIIIIflllIlllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIlIIlIIIIIIlIIIllllIIllIlllllllllllllllllfllllllllllllll





 





11—131





 





ET III III III III. III





1





"Sixty Seconds.”

Sel's A Stall





IIIIII till .311





 





IIIII





 





 

 





TheS TA R 3”

Curb Cla rnp





(PATENTED)





0U can now finish your



curb with the rest of your



concrete work without us-

ing templets or anchors.





The new Star Curb Clamp

sets the stall where you want it

without fuss or bother. “Sixty

seconds sets a stall” firm as a

rock. In the same length of time

you can remove it.



This is a revolution in time sav-

ing and an extra insurance of prop -

erly set stalls. On all STAR STALLS





as regular equipment. Exclusive

with us.





 





 





Ill/”I/II/lllllllllllllll\\\\\\“\\\\\\\\®





in our factory, not your barn.





insuring maximum strength.

Lock—is adjustable and by far the strongest stanchion made.





Lock Tubs.

Get our literature.





Modern to the





Harvester Hay Carrier





 





remodel your old one.





   





‘4) ; s, ,

' IHU‘N‘I‘; :grznms , "1





°\ moi...__.__..

a'4 7".-





   





Write us today.





 





Sta [If/1230 n11 , L 1'1’ fer Carriers,





Roller





Biggest in size and value.

Bearing and built for heavy duty. Ask

your dealer or write us for details.





13 Hunt Street





__lllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllll





   





The STAR STEEL STALL is built and sold on the Unit System—it is assembled

Alignment Device simplest and most efficient ever

made—the Star Curb Clamp enables you to set a stall arch or remove it in sixty seconds

and the Arched Construction does away with useless castings and dirt catchers as well as

The GIANT STAR STANCHION is wood- lined and

adjusts to fit all size necks—has the quiet Double Chain Hanging and One Hand

STAR LITTER CAR-

RIERS are Roller Bearing with Double

last degree.

It tells the whole story.





FREE ...~

, PLANS

Let us help you design your new barn or





Our Drafting Depart-

ment is at your service and Blue prints are free.





In rr'rilz'ng S/II/é’ Tl’lltl’llz’i‘ {II/ermz‘cd 2'71 S/alls,

flay T0015.





Star Goods Sold by Best Dealers Everywhere





HUNT, HELM, FERRIS &»CO.





 





Write for

Literature FREE

—11 159 paimk profusely



00k





illustrated of valu-

able barn data. if you

write, mentioning the

number of cows you

keep, whether you intend

to build or remodel your

barn and when. Also

mention what you are‘

.1 interested in. LitterCar-

Iiers, Hay Tools, Barn

, Dom Hangers, and we

will include catalog of same.





 





 





HARVARD, ILL.





lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIlIIlIlIIIlIIIIllIIIIIIIIIllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllll





IIllllllllllllllllllllll||l||I|flIllIllIlIlllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlIlllIi





 





 

 

 

 

   





 

 

 

 





You can clear from 10 to 50

acresin ten days with the Faultless Stump Puller, and

then decide whether you want to keep it or nob—before you pay us

Ill! money. The Faultleu Stump Puller develops greater power,

;,._ _,, with less stram 011 the team and the machine, andis easier

and safer tohandleth: III anyother stump

pullermade. Bd( ked by the strongest guarantee.





Right Now We Are Making

A Special low Price Offer





It means a slash' in stump puller prices that

will surprise you. erto [or lull Infor—

.- matlon at once and savo money. ‘





Our Free Book gives much valuable and

reliable information on clearing

stump land, with numerous

illustrations. Write for it today.





Faultless Stump Puller Co.

Dopt. M ere-co. Iowa





HARNESS





HORSE





COLLARS





Ask Your dealer [or the label

Made and Warranted by





ARMSTRONG 85 GRAHAM





   

   

   

   

 

 





 

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





 





 





WHOLESALE ONLY. DETROIT. ESTABLISHED 1880.





 





 





MAPLE SYRUP MAKERS





The Grimm Evaporator





Used by prinripal

maple syrup nmkers

everywhere. Saving - .-

of time and fuel alone f3 ".

will pay for the out- : ‘

fit. Write for enta- .' -.;

lnguc and state num-





 





ber of trees you tap.





GRIMM MANUFACTURING CO.

619-6218hamplaln Ave” N. W. Cleveland, Ohio,





AGHIBULTURAL LIME





The Strongest in Ohio





See Ohio Official Report.





The Scioto Lime & Stone Co.,





De elaware, Ohio.

FREE SAMPLES AND BOOKLEI‘ upon request.





FOR SALE





CARBONATE 0F LIME





Running 985a ure. This lime is In ideal condition'for

aIplying to t e soil, eith( r me( hanitally or by hand



1 rite for prices in car lots or in small quantities.

II. I. du Pont. de Nenioum (E. Co. Bay Cit1,1\11ch.





--l{oul should get; the highest grade

limestone manufactured. Buy



it upon the basis of analysis. We

manufacture the higlh est finds pul-





vorizodl imest ld

Let: us prove it. Ask for samplg 1:3 arirl‘lysigflnn

CAMPBELL STONE 00.. Indian Rlvor. Mloh.





Pnlverlzod lime rock for "sour"

lls. Wri'IIze for LOW? PRICES

DIRECT OYOU and we will

send sarmpile and full particu-

Write to 0111ch nearest you.





KE SIIORErs STONE C0

Muskezon. Mich. and Benton Harbor. llch
title of our

new free book . ‘

on hollow tile for farm build- “





ings. Send for it. Before you fine. an...

figure on another building, read uzuft. Fireproof.

it carefully; study its illustrations f3.wfi"m





and plans. Natoo buildings cost a little



mere than frame buildings, but the first



cost is the last cost—no painting or repairs.



They cost less than other forms of permanent



construction, and are easier to erect. You'll be con



vinced that for permanency, safety, health, convenience

and attractiveness, you should





Build with N atco HollowTile





They cannot decay, burn, warp, crack or crumble. Their glazed surfaces

are impervious to air and moisture; their dead air spaces resist frost.

We have some very practical plans of buildings .. I

ready for you—free—and ‘our experience as the -' '

largest fireproofers of buildings in

North America' 15 yours for the

asking. Write today. And be

sure to ask for the book,

“Natco On The Farm.”

Also ask for catalog describing the

ever popular Natco Imperishable Silo—

“The Silo Tint Lasts For Generations. "





A perfect ensilage praei'ver in aalarts,

through all weather conditions

some, durable, convenient is this,

the‘ ‘skyscraper of the farm."

and a most valuable addition





to your farm buildings.

. Natlonal

‘ E1re Proofing Company

__._ R 1115 Fulton Building

"" 1- "5' k . Pittsburgh, Pa.





'\\\-——-71I III‘II_IIII_'|'I'1'111III‘ \ ‘

23 F actories—Short hauls-S '

Prompt shipments.





I.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





 





Natco Poultry Houu





Well ventilated, clean.

warm





co —makssfowlh Ma:





 





 

   





;\\\\\\\\\\\ w.- -

_‘,_—-J‘~ N‘.

The Note. l-periohlhle Silo





A perfect ensila e preserver. Strong, con-

mient, fine £00 £119. Your bestinvestment,





 





 





, 9...... SENT ON TRIAL

m CREAM

SEPARATOR





Thousands In Use 3531;330:011 jus-





tifies investigating our wonderful oll'er: .

rand now, well made. easy running, easily .

cleaned, ect

$1 5. 95. ims one quart of mill: n Inin-

ate, warm or cold. Makes thick or thin cream. Difi'erent from picture, whichill us-

!rates our low priced large capacity machines. Bowl 18 a sanitary marvel and em-

bodies all our latest improvements.





 

 

 

 





' in!

Our Twenty-Year Guarantee Protects You figfifififif‘é’l’nifize‘éfiii g1...





erous terms of trial will astoniah you. Whether your dairy 15 large or si11all.or if you have an old sep-

nrator of any make you wish to exchange, do not. fail to get. our great offer. Our richly illustrated

catalog sent free on request, is the most complete. elaborate and expensive book on Cream Sop-ra-

tors issued by any concern in the world. Western orders filled from western points.“ rite

”day for our catalog and see what 11 big money saving proposition we will make you. Address:





American Separator Co., Box "31, Bainbridge, N. Y.





Milks 15 Cows in 45 Min.





Mr. A. D. Miller of Vi oodland l\[i( 11. .'11 rites:

"1‘ he llimmln Jilillcing ll(1(/li)l(’ that I

bought of 3 on last full is justns 31111 rcpmsent-

ed it tobc. l have a. herd of 15 registered 1101-

stein cows and (Inn milk them alone in 45 min-

utesWould not be without the Hmmcm at any

pri( 0.



May we send the names and addressts of

Hinman users liv' mg nearest you, so that 3' on

can let them tell vou in their own words what

t_h___e Hinmcm 11 ill save you?_





~The H mman Mflker





has been a11arded

six gold medals‘and

diploms. includ-

ing the gold 111edal

at the Panama-

l’acilic Exposition

but the most grati-

lying honor of all

is the number of

Hinnmns in cvcr3

dairy 3icinit3.



Each Ilinman unit takes the place ofa

hand milker. A three-unit outfit enables a

111an.ore3en 2.1103 tomilkattherateofsbout

25(Io33s2111 hour and weighfand record the

milk. 'llie milk \1i11 be cleaner than b3 the

handmethod. llundieds of dair3men re ort

that the milk yield is increased b3 the in-

man. Hundreds of others are saving the

l expense of hired men.



Over 360,000 cows are milked daily with



Iluimans.



FREE MILKER BOOK

explains the many exclusiv e advantages of the

simple Ilinman Milken It will 111le) 3011 see

for 1oursolf that 3 1117mm». outfit in _1our

stub e 11 ill 5213 e enough in one 3 0211 to more

than p213 its loriginnl cost.





HINMAN IILKIIG MACHINE 60.,

U 34 Elizabeth St, Oneida, N. Y J





58leel Wheels





-:“"" newness; EMK





WM never

:' rite hr our-bistros book tell-

- ing all about them and how they FREE

, m. a; c... .3. 789 Quluy. ‘





 





DAIRY H.





 





A Jump in Her Record





Most every herd has one or more cows

that seem slug :ish and low in yield

Without any appart of reason In many

cases this may be due to some vital or-

gan bu oming (11c'r13 orked. Proper treat-

1111 nt is needed to build up the system

and fortify the cow agamst serious

disease.



If you have such a cow, buy a. pack-

age of Kow-lx'ure from your feed dealer

or drugg'ist and use according to direc-

tions. You’ll be surprisod at the differ-

ence it makes in her general health and

milk yield. Kow-Kure is especially

recomlnonded as a preventive and cure

for AbOI t1on Barrenness, Milk Fever,

Scouring, Lost Appetite, Bunches and

Retained Afterbirth. ,





Write for free Treatise. “The Home Cow Doctor."

DAIRY ASSOCIATION CO-

Lyndonville, Vt.





 





“A Success For

Eight Years”





 





 





 





 





 





111111111 AUCTloNEElllNG gym... - arm: -





and become independent with no capital invested.

Every branch of the business taught. in 5 weeks.

“'rite todav for free cat al :1:



JONES' NAT'L SCHOOL OF AUCTIONEERING

fill. Sacramento Blvd" Chicago, Ill. Carey M. Jones. Pres.





Dried Salve Grain from

Cheap Feed Mill fire—fogging nine an-

tniured. Price low—Ask for sample.

BARTLETT 00.. Hill H. Jack-on. lichlgan





 





 





 





I





Keep a Cow Diary





F you have kept a record of the

date of service of your cows, it

will be a simple matter to tell



when they are due to freshen. The

average cow should have a rest of at

least six weeks before calving, and the

careful dairyman 'will dry her up at

this time, and give her a special ration

until she freshens.



The average cow is far from her

best unless she has this rest and is in

proper condition to bear the burden of

maternity. One of the laws of nature

is that the mother must draw upon her

body for the support of her offspring,

and when food is limited and the moth-

er 1's in poor condition the offspring

and mother will each ShOW the result

of improper attention. Therefore, the

great demand of a record of service.



As soon as the cow is dry begin

feeding her a ration of such feeds as

bran, oats and oil meal, which are

bulky and cooling to the system. The

amount fed should be increased as the

cow will clean it up until she is re-

ceiving about four pounds daily. This

should be continued until about two

weeks before she calves, when it

should be decreased to one-half or less

than this amount.



Corn has no place in the ration at

this time and should never be fed.

Cows which are due tofreshen in the

spring when soiling is practiced, or





JAN. 29, 1916.





not only next to godliness but it means

the production of pure, wholesome

cream and butter and the safe-guard-

ing of the health of the consumers of

the dairy products.





Probably the most neglected thing





about the dairy business are the uten-

sils used for containing the milk. Too

many dairymen still cling to the Wide—

top pails that catch just about all of

the dirt that is going, or to the rough

galvanized or wooden pails that cannot

possibly be kept clean. When the nar

row top pail in some form or other fin<

ally comes into general use by our

dairymen the standard of quality of

their product will have been raised

several degrees.



In choosing pails or other vessels

that are intended for use in the dairy

always choose those that are seamless

or as nearly so as possible. Where

seams cannot be avoided see that they

are filled and covered over completely

with a smooth coat of solder. Seams

and rough places form lurking places

for all sorts of germs and foul odors

and the greatest care used in cleaning

and sterilizing will not always remove

them.



Washing the dairy utensils is not

the most pleasant task imaginable,

hence many dairymen are likely to

slight the task. The first things es-

sential to a good job are plenty of

warm water and a good, stiff brush.

Don’t be afraid of using too much wa-





 





 





A Good Bunch of Youngsters.





when they are turned out onto fresh

pasture, need not be grained, but they

should be allowed the six weeks‘ rest

from milking. Intelligent care at this

period will have a decided effect on

the milk productionof the cow all

through the season and will repay the

dairyman for the additional work and

expense, if it is considered such.



But all of the success gained from

following the above facts will re-point

to the need of records correctly kept

by the farmer, and any farmer engag-

ed in dairying or stock raising who

fails to keep accurate records, is work-

ing under a great handicap. If these

records have not been kept, start an

individual record of each animal now.

Show what time she was dried, the

amount of rations and kind fed, the

production of milk and all information

in regard to feeds and the effect on

the milk production.



When the time comes to have the

cow served, record the date and such

information in regard to the sire as

may prove valuable. This information

will not only be of great value to the

present owner, but will be greatly ap-

preciated by the future owner, if it

should be desirable to sell.



After you have kept these records

and reaped the following benefits, you

will be certain to appreciate, the full

value of becoming a member of your

community cow-testing association,





for this work only forms a continu:





ance of the business-like manner of

handling the dairy herd, and is an i11-

surance policy against depressed

creamery checks and an insurance of

profit in the undertaking. By all means

keep a record of your cows.



New York. E. W. GAGE.





CLEANING THE DAIRY UTENSILS.





The old adage about cleanliness be-

ing next to godliness should be adopt-

ed as a first principle of the creed of





 





every dairyman because cleanliness is





ter or of wearing the brush out. Scrub

every seam and corner thoroughly and

then scald the vessel with boiling wa-

ter or, what is better, live steam if it

can be secured. The best job of

cleansing we ever saw performed was

by a dairyman who lived near a big in-

dustrial plant. Each day he took his

cans to the boiler room where there

was no limit to the hot water and

steam he could use, and we are sure

there was no possible chance for any

living germ to remain in those cans

after he had completed his job of

washing. Of course, there are very

few so situated that they can follow

that man’s plan, but facilities at hand

can frequently be greatly improved

upon.



If a thorough job of washing has

been done the vessels should be free

from all germs, but unpleasant odors

may yet adhere to them so it is neces‘

sary that they be given a good sun-

ning. Sunshine is one of the best pur-

ifiers known and will soon remove any

odor that yet clings to the vessels.



During the first half hour after the

milk is drawn from the udder is the

time that it is most susceptible to con-

tamination from odors; hence the ad-

visability of removing it from the sta-

bles as quickly as possible.



Ohio. SllERLEY CONNELL.





BALANCED DAIRY RATIONS.





Most feeders of dairy cows can pro-

duce protein more cheaply than they

can buy it, according to C. H. Eckles,

of the Missouri College of Agriculture.

Wise is the man who has a good sup-

ply of legume forage on hand from his

alfalfa, clover, cowpea, or soy bean

fields, for the dairy cow cannot do her

best on corn, timothy hay, or fodder,

even with good succulent silage to

help maintain summer pasture con-

ditions.



Bran at a dollar a hundred furnishes
JAN. 29, .1916.





protein at a cost of about eight and a

half cents a pound, while cottonseed

at $1.90 a hundred. furnishes it at a

cost of a little over five cents a pound.

The cost of producing the protein on

the farm in alfalfa, clover, or other le-

guminous crops varies with local con-

ditions so that no such definite figures

can be given, but almost any farmer

should be able to supply himself at

much less than five cents a pound. If

he has neglected to do so, however, he

must purchase protein in some form

to supplement the silage and corn

which he has on hand.



Feeding two pounds of cottonseed

meal a day to a cow that has been giv-

ing milk on such a ration as corn, fod-

der, and timothy hay will increase the

flow to a surprising degree. In spite

of the many things that have combined

to raise the price of cottonseed meal

this year, it is probably the cheapest

concentrate to buy for this purpose.



Some recommended dairy rations

which will give good results are:



(1) Corn silage 25 lbs; clover hay

10 lbs; corn 4 lbs; bran 4 lbs.



(2) Corn silage 30 lbs; alfalfa or

cowpea hay 10 lbs; corn 6 lbs; bran

2 lbs.



(3) Clover hay 20 lbs; corn 4 to 5

lbs; bran or oats 24 lbs.



(4) Clover hay 20 lbs; corn-andcob

meal 5 to 7 lbs; gluten or cottonseed

meal 2 lbs.



(5) Alfalfa or cowpea hay 10 lbs;

corn fodder 10 lbs; corn 5 to 7 lbs;

bran 2 lbs.



(6) Alfalfa or cowpea hay 15-20 lbs;

corn 8-10 lbs.



Each of these rations includes “a

whole day’s feed for the ordinary cow,

half to be given in the morning and

the other half in the evening, but they

are not intended for the cow of unus-

ual dairy capacity, or one that is be-

ing fed for heavy production, or to

make a record. The amounts speci-

fied are those to be fed to a cow giv-

ing from 20 to 25 pounds of milk a

day, and cows giving more than this

should receive more feed, especially

more grain, while those giving less

milk should have the grain cut down.

The general plan followed is to give

each cow all the roughage she,will

eat, and about one pound of grain for

each three pounds of milk produced.





 





DAIRY PROBLEMS.





 





The Principle of the Balanced Ration.





I would like to know what per cent

of protein, fat, etc., a balanced grain

feed should have. Also would like to

know what per cent of the above are

contained in corn meal, also in ground

oats. Could you recommend a good

work on feeding dairy cows? That is,

something that covers the ground

thoroughly, including balancing of ra-

tions, etc.?



Washtenaw Co. N. F. P.





Careful feeding experiments ShOW

that a dairy cow giving a good flow of

milk should have a ration containing

about 2.5 pounds of digestible protein,

12.5 pounds of carbohydrates and 0.4

pounds of fat for 1000 pounds of live

weight. This ration will contain about

15 pounds of total nutritive substances

and 24 to 25 pounds of total organic

or dry matter.



The feeding problem is to provide

such feeding stuffs to mix with what

is ordinarily grown on the farm so the

cow or other animal will not only be

provided with these several amounts

of food nutrients but at the same time

there will be little or no waste.



It is not necessary to figure the ra-

tion out mathematically correct. Some

leeway can very well be left for the

individuality of the cow and the feed-

er. But it pays well to keep the prin-

ciple well in mind when combining

our feeding stuffs, and see that they

conform fairly well to the standard.



Of course, this standard takes into

consideration the food nutrients in the

roughage as well as in the concen-

trates. Corn contains 7.1 per cent of

digestible protein, 62.7 per cent car-

bohydrates and 4.2 per cent fat. Oats

contain 9.1 per cent protein, 44.7 per

cent carbohydrates and 4.1 per cent

fat. In oatsxthe food nutrients are





i





very well balanced. In corn the car-

bohydrates are in excess of the pro-

tein. However, we cannot feed grain

alone. It is not bulky enough. Clover

hay and ground oats are a well- bal-

ancedvration, but clover hay and corn

meal would lack protein. Cornmeal

and alfalfa hay furnish the food nutri-

ents in nearly correct proportions.



The best work on feeding by all

odds is Prof. W. A. Henry’s work en-

titled, “Feeds and Feeding.” This has

been translated into several different

languages, and a number of editions

have been exhausted. It can be or-

dered through the Michigan Farmer.



, Poor Silo Doors.



I have a cement silo, the blocks of

which are solid and four inches thick.

Every two feet there is a door. The

doors are two feet square and fit in a

frame just like a door of a house. Now

I always have two feet of spoiled sil-

age which would amount to enough

for two cows. I covered the deors and

frames with tar paper one year and

also tried it with tin, and that did not

do any good. Can you give me any

information about this. My neighbors

are troubled with the same thing.



Ottawa Co. J. .



The door frames must fit poorly into

the cement tile. Plaster around the

frame with cement mortar. If the

doors do not come flush in the inside

with the surface of the tile, there will

be spoiled silage because it will not

settle well there. If these doors do

not come flush on inside, make them

do so. Do this, and I can see no rea-

son why silage should spoil.



Wet Brewers’ Grains.





I would like to know the value of

malt after the brewery has brewed it.

It is shipped here from Columbus, 0.,

at $6.50 per ton.



Washtenaw C0. D. C.





Wet brewers’ grains contain about

three times as much protein as corn

silage. They analyze as follows: Pro-

tein 3.9 per cent; carbohydrates 9.5

per cent; fat 1.3 per cent.



Where one lives within hauling dis-

tance of a brewery, these grains are

worth considering, but they contain

over 75 per cent water and one cannot

afford to haul them very far. It would

seem to me that in this case one might

better purchase the dried grains. It

takes fully five tons of the wet grains

to make one ton of dried grains. The

price ought not to be five times as

much, besides the cost of hauling wet

grains from the depot would be fully

five times as much as hauling the dry.



I never before heard of the wet

brewers’ grains being shipped by rail.



‘COLON C. LILLIE.





 





WHEN THE BUTTER WON'T COME.





 





Strain your milk in a pan and then

set it on the stove until it begins to

crinkle over the top. Once a day will

do. I would not let it stand over 36

hours, as I think that makes it bitter.

If the milk is strained in pans that

have been used but are not sour the

cream will raise sooner.



Mrs. G. H.



The following remedy to use when

the butter won’t come was given my

mother by a neighbor many years ago

and it has always worked satisfactor-

ily whenever we have had any trouble

with the butter failing to come or to

gather. '



Put into the'cream crock before be-

ginning to save the cream, a piece of

saltpeter the size of a small pea, with

a scant teaspoonful of salt and the

same amount of sugar. Pour on

enough boiling water to dissolve, stir

well each time the cream is put in.



Last year I noticed the milk was bit~

ter and after scrubbing all the dairy

utensils in suds with a little carbolic

acid in it, which seemed to make no

difference in the milk, I talked to my

husband about it. He seemed to know

at once what was the matter for he

stopped feeding some beet tops which

he had not removed from the roots

and which he had thrown into the

barn for feeding in the fall. He did

not discontinue feeding the roots, only

broke the tops off. They had wilted

and undoubtedly gave the bitter taste.

——N. S. C.





THEVMI'CHIGAN/ FARMER





 





 





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kicks over is lost forever





ND the butter-fat that goes into the can through the

skim-milk spout of a cheap, inferior or worn-out

cream separator is just as surely lost as the milk in



the pail the cow kicked over.





If you are trying to get along without a cream sepa-

rator; or with an inferior or worn-out machine, you are

losmg butter-fat right along and butter-fat is money.





Get YOur





   

 





   





\_ ‘





   

   

   

   

   

 





Now — Right Away





every day you use it it will be pay-

ing for itself out of its own saving.





   

   

 





If you haven’t the spare cash right now that need not

hinder your immediate purchase.





 

   

 





We have an arrangement with De Laval agents

which makes it possible for any reputable farmer to

secure a De Laval on the partial payment plan—a small

payment at time of purchase and the balance in several

installments, so that a De Laval really pays for itself

While you are using it and getting the benefit from it.





 

   

   

   

 





Let the De Laval start saving cream for you right now

while butter and cream prices are highest. See the

nearest De Laval agent at once, or if you do not know

him, write us direct for any desired information.





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.





165 Broadway, New York 29 E. Madison St., Chicago

50,000 BRANCHES AND LOCAL AGENCIES THE WORLD OVER





.—__*'__fi

HOW MUCH DOES YOUR

MILK COST?





33 cents worth of UNlCORN plus 26 cents worth of roughage made

100 lbs. Milk in Official Holstein Tests made by Bayliss Griffin, Sylvania,

Ohio. 1 pound of UNlCORN made 4% lbs. of milk. Hundreds of

UNlCORN feeders are doing as well. YOU CAN T00. - - - - -





UNlCORN DAIRY RATION





is equally as profitable for tests or every day dairying. TRY IT.

FOR FACTS AND FIGURES WRITE,





GHAPIN & 00., Dept. II, Hammond, Ind.





Self-Feeder for Pigs and Lambs





Earns Its cost first month-Sold on 30 Days’ trial

“Self-ted pigs gain faster” says Iowa Experiment Station. This new eel!-

leeder meet: all their requirements. Endorsed by breeders. Saves feed and

labor. Six separate bins for salt, corn, tenhge, middlings, oil meal, etc. Water proof.

Keeps feed dry and sweet. Strong. handsome, well built. Hen adjustable trough

made of 2 in. lumber. Sliding be: to keep out larger pin. Automatic agitator.

_ ‘ MAKE MORE MONEY IN “008 THIS YEAR



by having this self-feeder. Sold on 30 DAYS' TRIAL. Write today for full particulars.

‘ ' ' A. c. HOYT 8: co. M FOSTORIA OHIO





 

   

   

   

   

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





   

   





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THE M'id‘HIGAN FARMéF'iR





 





 





 

 





 





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Patented by Hudson





December 28, 1915

Patent No. 1165861





Costly Cars of Every Type Outrivaled





man who buys a car.

A new invention—called the Super-Six—

has proved itself by 80 per cent the best

motor in the world.





It has been compared, in official tests, with the

finest cars heretofore built. That includes Eights

and Twelves. And, against them all, it has won

the world’s records. .



So the Super-Six stands supreme. Not by any

minor margin, but by 80 per cent, as compared with

like-size motors of the past.





THESE are facts of overwhelming import to a





 





A HUDSON PA TENT





This motor is a Hudson invention, secured by

Hudson patents. No other car has anything like it.

So what this car does is not even approached by any

other car in the field.





Please remember that. Last year many cars had

motors mu‘ch alike. Now this one car—the Hudson

Super-Six—has an 80 per cent better motor. And

the results of that supremacy mean everything to you.





 





IT HAS 76 HORSEPOWER





This motor is a small, light Six. The size is

identical with last year’s Hudson Six-40.





But old-type motors in this





)‘x‘, P! >"‘= “$71,“ ‘ 5”“





 





Efficiency Almost Doubled

Without Any Added Size in the





 





m~

JAN. 29,1916.





   

 

 

 

 





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P

m—Jm/





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‘1





 

 





‘5}





We have built the smoothest-running motor ever

known.



All this 80 per cent of added efficiency is power

that was heretofore wasted. It was consumed

within the motor.





50 that means vast fuel economy. It means

almost no engine wear. It saves your tires by sav-

ing jerks. It means a saving in these ways of

hundreds of dollars.



And riding is like flying in this Super-Six. You

never knew such luxury of motion. The car is so

quiet that it seems to move by magic.





No more power is created than in former like-

size motors. No more fuel is consumed. But you

get 80 per cent more efficiency from it by this

saving in vibration.





YOU WILL WANT IT





Once ride in the Hudson Super-Six and no other

car will content you. You will laugh at a car about

half as efficient, with a motor just as large. _



The vast reserve power, this smoothness, this

flexibility multiply the joys of motoring. And the

luxurious bodies—the finest you have ever seen—-

make the car look its supremacy.



Yet, with all these advantages. the Super—Six is

an economy. We are building this season $42,000,000

worth. This matchless output in a fine car gives

you a value heretofore un-

known.





2:.»





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





size yielded about 42 horse-

power at their best. The Super-

Six delivers 76 horsepower.

Just consider what that

means. Think of almost doubled

power without added size.





Think what vast reserve

power. Hills are climbed with.

out effort. The hardest roads

are easy. You can creep on high

gear. You can pick up in.

stantly.





engor.





passenger.





 





BIRD-LIKE MOTION





 





880.





 





 





 





What we have done by this





World’s Record Breaker

All Records Up to 100 Miles





These tests were made at. Sheepshead’i’Bay

with a 7—passenger Super Six—a touring stock

car—under official supervision of American

Automobilv Assaciation.



100 miles in 80 min, 21.4 sec, averaging

74.67 miles per hour. with driver and pass-





75.69 miles in one hour with driver and

Two laps made at 76.75 miles per hour.





Standing start to 50 miles per hour in 16.2

A new record in quick acceleration.





This enormous saving in

fuel, in engine wear and tires

amounts to vast sums in the

long run. A car without this

motor, sold at half the Hudson

price, might cost you more

than this.



Let the nearest Hudson dealer

prove these facts to you. Go

riding with him. See the luxury

of the Super-Six. When you

do that you are bound to want

this car.





7-Passenger Phaeton, $1375 at Detroit

Five Other Styles of Bodies

Ask for Our Super-Six Catalog





HUDSON MOTOR CAR COMPANY





 





 





 





 





 





invention is to end vibration.





Michigan (Lower Peninsular) Dealer:





Bemb=Robinson 00., Detroit, Mich.





Michigan (Upper Peninsula) Dealers:





Escanaba—J. E. #Jackson.’

Gladstone—Holmgren Auto Co.

Iron River—Lindwall &. Lindstrom.





Bessemer—E. H. Ekman.

Chassell—Edwin E. Warner.

Eagle River—R. L. Blight.





 





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-v , Detroit, Mich.





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Marquette—E. R. Jones.

Sault Ste. Marie—Soc Hardware Co.





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LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





‘I7re FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





J





 





 





 





 





r





This Magazine Section forms apart of our paper every week.





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





 





es over the most famous phrases



in Lincoln’s Gettysburg address:

“Government of the people, by the peo-

ple, and for the people.” The words

were not struck out by Mr. Lincoln on

a purely original impulse; the thought

had been in the minds and on the lips

of lovers of liberty and democracy for

many years as the following references

to previous utterances would indicate.





FROM time to time discussion aris-





 





 





 





mans are Replaced by Stones.





Copper Clock Weights Used by Ger-





“Of the Peeple,





By DR. L. K.





In 1850 Theodore Parker, addressing

an anti-slavery convention at Boston,

spoke of the American idea as a “gov-

ernment of all the people, by all the

people, for all the people.” Twenty

years before, in the course of the re-

ply to Hayne, Daniel Webster voiced





 





By the People”

HIRSHBERG





the same thought. “The people’s gov-

ernment, made for the people, made

by the pepole, and answerable to the

people” is the form in which he left

the thought.



Still earlier, the germ oi“ the historic

phrase can be found in William Wirt’s





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WORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES





“Life of Patrick Henry” published in

1818. In describing the tenets of the

republican party of which Jefferson

became the leader, he said: “They de-

clared themselves ‘3 ‘l‘ ‘5‘ firm ad-

vocates of a government of the people,

by the people ‘1‘ ‘F * considered

man as the Only title of nobility which

ought to be admitted, and his freedom

and happiness the sole. objects of gov-

ernment.”





"IiiHHHIHHHIHHHHIIHilliHIiillIIHIHHHHHIIIHHHIIHHIIHHHIIIHHIIHHHHHHH.‘liiiHHiliilil





 





 





 





 





Women Fighters in Austrian Ranks,

One was Decorated for Bravery.





 





 





 





 





 





British Ship immense Quantities of





Biscuit to all War Fronts.





 





 





t l





Well-known Americans Spending the Winter in North Carolina instead oil





Kut-EI-Amara on the Tigris River where British Forces Under Gen. Town-

' Patronziing European Resorts.





send were Surrounded by Turks.





 





 





 





 





Steel Mills at Youngstown, Ohio, where Rioting Started which Resuited In





Remarkable Picture, Showing Fields, Hedges and Roads, Taken in Northern

Loss of Life and Much Property.





France from German Flying Machine.

t Copyright by Underwood a Underwood. N. v.
136—16 ,





PRICESDOWA’AGAIN.





GALLON" SANITARY?

GBEAIficSedEtfinAMTOBVS





mam





has b e e n main

:bhroughout. In spite of





an .519”

materials, on account





of the large volume go-



ing throughiny factories. I am



. . ab 9 to again cut and slash



cream separator prices. The 1915 rices are not



in force any more. M new low 1&6 prices and

I new easy selling p ans such as no money



. down—a year to pay, etc. , have taken their place.

1





 





 

 

 

 





 

     





10,Q003e stators now coming through my fac-

tories—a1 to be sold on special prone-men bo-

i'fii’t'" i???“ l

n I ion a amous ine of arators I

have been building I have sep

which I am selling or less money than ever be-

. fore. It is_ identical in quality and design with

the other sizes, and fully described in my

1916 BOOK— NOW READY!

260 PAGES—If you buy a separator in the next

t





. twelve months dyou should have this book. I

l tells how I bull the Galloway Sanitar Bath-in-





ded a new size





Oil Cream Separators from the groun up. R

this book before you buy a cream separator of





_ Buy intake at lanyipi-ice! bro

on’ e mis ea on cream se arators t wn

together and sold for a price. Bu direct from





a real factory get a better mac inc and save

from 825 to§50 on a machine of the hi hest

. quality. Shipped fmm at-



' “ ’ erloo, Kansas City,

Council Bluffs, St.

Paul or Chicago——

,- near- '

est paint.





 

 

 

 

 





 





I...





nor: nus

. sum m

D QUALITY





l}: Heavy,high carbon steel

"3;; gear shafts and bowl . 4

. spindle; extra long bear—

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supply tank; both gear shafts and both 8 indie

bearings supports by one solid casting; eavy ‘ *

, sanitary tinware; low bowl speed reduces wear ,

on bearings and ears. No raw, sharp edges in

the bowl to bre u the globules of butter fat. ,

a Drop us a postal t ay.





 

 





WILLIAM GALLOWAY COMPANY .

Waterloo, lows ‘





 





‘ 183 Galloway Station





 





This dressing will keep the leather in your

work shoes soft and strong, protect it

from barnyard acids. keep out water.





P & V Farm Slice Dressing





TheTanner's Own Dressing,is made

in the tannery from the animal

greases used in heavy leather.



Give your shoe dealer’s name.





Pfiater 8: Vowel Leather Co..

' wankee, is.





 





 





'STUMPsi‘





HE CULES'





All Steel Triple Power Stump

uller pulls an acre of stumps adny

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mum sump mLLEns for trees oratumvs- '-



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can m the. down. New All-Steel machines. Stump-an-

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Double. Tripleand Quadruple Attachment, also Rotary

Write for has catal .





Power for sawm grin . etc.

878 Ninth 8L, lonmouth. l l.





MILNE MFG. C .y





 





 





When writing to advertisers please

mention The lVIichigan Farmer. .





 





   

 

 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER-





=léllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlIlllllllllllllllIHIIllIllIlllIIlllllllllllillllllIlllllllllllllflllII|llllllllllIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli ..





Land O’ Nod Stories.





OME on your majesty, it is time

C we were getting back to the

city,” said the captain of the

guard when the Queen of the Ants had

milked so many aphids, or ant cows,

that her crop was swollen to twice its

natural size.

“Well, if you say so, I suppose I

must go,” grumbled the Queen, and

she turned and started down the stalk

of the rose bush, followed by Billy Be

By Bo Bum and Tinker Teedle Tee.





“Would you like to stop in and see

our dairy on the way back?” asked the

Queen when they reached the ground.

“Why, I thought we just came from

the dairy," said Billy.



“Gracious no,” replied the Queen.

“That was only one of our herds out

to pasture. We milk them in good

weather, but our real dairy on which

we depend for our main supply of milk

is underground and the cows never

see the sun from one year’s end to

the other. Vl’hut do you say, captain,





. do you mind if we return to the city





by the way of the dairy?”



“Not at all,” replied the leader of

the guard, and he led the way to the

mouth of a tunnel hidden between the

roots of tho rosebush. Billy and Tink-

er followed, and before they had gone

very far the tunnel widened out into a

big room, the walls and roof and floor

of which were broken by the roots of

the rosebush that grew above. And

these roots were covered by hundreds

and hundreds of aphids or ant cows,

their sharp beaks fastened in the ten-

der bark, drinking the sweet sap, while

dozens of worker ants were satisfying

their hunger by milking the cows.



“This is our main dairy,” said the

Queen proudly. “You see the workers

do not, have time to go out and forage

for their food, so when they get hun-

gry they come here and fill up on

milk.”



“But how did you get such a big

herd of cows way down here under-

ground?” asked Billy.



“How does any farmer get a herd

of cows?” asked the Queen by way of

answer.



“He raises them, of course.”



“And that is how we get our cows,”



“Now you’re trying to josh me,” pro-

tested Billy. “You can’t make me be-

lieve ants raise a herd of cows as a

farmer raises his calves.”



“I don’t care whether you believe it

or not,” retorted the Queen, who was

just a. wee bit provoked that Billy

should think she was telling him sonic.—

thing that was not so. “And if you

will think-a minute, you will realize

that there is nothing so very strange





 





about it after all. It’s not half so won—

derful as many other things you have

seen sincc you came to Ant‘land.”



“That. is so,” agreed Billy, “but for

{he life of me I don’t, understand how

you can raise a herd of cowsway

down here under ground.”



“In the spring and summer the aph-

ids lay their eggs on the stalks and





; leaves of the rosebushes,” replied the





Queen. “Every gardener knows all

about it, for he calls my cows plant

lice and tries to kill the eggs and baby

cows with smoke and other horrid

poisons. One fine day the Shepherds,

those worker ants whose duty it is to

care for the cows, go up and carry the

eggs down into the city. The nurse-

maids care for the eggs just as care-

fully as they do for those I lay myself,

and when the baby cows hatch out,

they are tended and fed until they are

old enough to care for themselves.

Then the Shepherds place the young

Aphids on the roots of the rosebushes

where they live all winter, feeding on

the sweet sap, and we always have a

supply of fresh milk on hand.”





 





By HOWARD T. KNAPP

fill“IllIllllIlllllIllllllIlllllllllllllllllllIIllll|IlllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIlllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll”llfllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllulllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll"MINE





The Ant’s Dairy





3'





llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIll”





“Now out in Colorado we have a

family of cousins called the Honey

Ants who do not have to depend on a.

herd of cows for their milk. Like the

Aphids, they feed on the sweet sap of

bushes and young trees, but instead of

converting this sap into milk, as do

the Aphids, they transform it into hon-

ey as good and sweet as that made by

any bee. In fact, it is so good that

the Indians eat it and regard it as a

great delicacy.”



“You mean to say people eat ants’

honey?” asked Billy in, surprise.



“They do more than that,” replied

the Queen. “They not only eat the

honey, but the ants who made it.”



“Eat the ants?” exclaimed Billy. .



“Yes, sir, and they like it better

than candy. Why, Billy Boy, if you

were to visit an Indian and he wanted

to give you something especially good

to eat to show his friendship, he would





JAN. 29, 1916

Set before you a dish of Honey Ants

which you would be supposed to eat,

honey, ants and all, as younwould

candy. ,



“These ants are wonderful diggers,

for they hollow out their homes in

the sandstone rocks. Now, I think it

is mighty hard work digging in the

dirt, but just imagine cutting galleries

and rooms out of solid rock.

me faint even to think of such a thing.

If you cut open one of these cities,

you would find all the passages led to

one central room, the roof of which

would be covered with ants, clinging

to the ceiling like flies, their bodies

swollen to many times their natural

size by honey. If you were an Indian,

you would give a whoop of joy when

you uncovered the nest and scoop up

the gorged ants and eat them."



“Well, I’m not an Indian, thank

goodness,” said Billy. “And, although

I’m very fond of honey, I do-not care

to eat the busy workers who made it.

So I guess I’ll stick to the bees for my

honey.”



“Everyone to his own taste,” said

the Queen as they resumed their

journey back to the city, and next

week I’ll tell you about the Marriage

Flight.





n‘lllllllHllllllllllllIllIll}”Hill!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIllHIlHlIllIII[llllllIIIlllllllllMllllllll|“llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIHllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIll"!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





Educated Out of School—N0. Z





By WILLIAM JONES





ANY years ago boyish specula-



tion led us to learn, if we could,



wherein each of our friends

was superior to other men of our ac-

quaintance. And strange as it may

seem, we were unable to find a single

person among the humblest and most

ignorant of the community, who could

not outdo his neighbors in some physi-

cal or mental work. Somewhere in





the duties or activities of life each

man had gained a community reputa~





tion.



In after life this boyhood survey of

our small world has been a real help

to us. We were taught by it that ev-

ery life has some contribution to make





or encouragement to give towards one’s

advancement, and on the other hand





that we are in a position to assist our

companions or associates. It is per-

haps the same observation that the

Oriental student made twenty centuries

ago when he discovered that the fool-

ish things ”of the world are used to

confound the wise.



A case in question in which the writ-

er was a losing party was enacted re-

cently. Last summer I remodeled the

second story of my farm home. Hav-

ing completed a course in one of the

large educational institutions of the

state and given especial attention to

economics, and especially to the effi-

cient use of labor, I was of the opinion

that the job could not be done at less

expense. Accurate account had been

kept of every item so that I knew the

total cost of materials and labor.



()n the old state road lives Widow

Smith with her eighteen-year-old son,

Bruce. The boy has been deprived of

many common advantages and largely

for this reason is not considered among

the well-prepared youths of the com<

iiiunity, a matter on which I have

more doubt than I had a year ago.

Their home was badly in need of re-

pair and one day I made a proposition

to the boy.



“Bruce,” I said, “from what you say,

those two rooms are practically the

same size as the two I remodeled. Now

I know just what it cost me for mate-

rials and labor outside of my own

work. If you can do your job for less

than mine cost me, not counting your

own time, I’ll give you what you con-

sider the best calf in my yard.”



“I don’t know, Mr. Jones, that there

would be any use in my trying. I’d

like one of those calves and if you’re

not foolin’ I’ll accept your offer.”



I assured him of my sincerity- and

he left. It was six weeks before I

again talked with the boy. We met

on the street in Brannock.



“Well, Mr. Jones, I have the rooms





fixed and I’ve got the cost list here,”

and as he talked he pulled papers from

his pocket and handed them to me.



The list was neatly arranged and

each item for materials was accompa-

nied with an invoice of local dealers,

but he had no charge for labor.



“Where is your labor account and

what kind of a job did you have done ‘3”

I asked.



“You stated that we were not to

count our own work. I did it all my

self and I think it looks pretty good

and I know it’s solid. Mother and I

would like to have you see the rooms,”

he replied.



Mrs. Jones and I motored over a few

nights later and I confess we both

were surprised at what the boy had

done. His rooms were every bit as

well finished as ours and I’m not sure

but that Mrs. Jones was right when

she remarked that she really liked

them better.



He learned from a local engineer of

a new material called plaster-board. It

comes in pieces about a half-inch thick

and in various sizes. There being no

grain to it the material can be cut in

any direction with a hand saw and is

nailed like a. board directly to the stud-

ding, or, as the boy did, right over the

old plaster. And its stronger than a

board of equal thickness.



With this he covered the walls and

ceilings of the room, painted over the

surface and then nailed strips of wood

over the joints. The strips give a very

nifty appearance to the room and Mrs.

Smith assured us that the rooms were

as warm and cosy as any she had ever

been in.



I then showed my expense account

to Bruce and he was more surprised

than I had been to learn that he had

beaten me out by $32.46. Of course,

most of this difference was in labor

but his actual cost of materials was

$4.89 less than what mine was.



My confidence in the untutored





youth was increased when he selected ,





the calf. He objected to taking it on

the ground that he had not chanced

anything in the contest, but insistence

on our part finally led him to do so.

Mrs. Jones invited them to dinner last

week when Bruce went through the

bunch of calves and after careful study

picked the one that won first place at

the local fair last fall.





This incident confirms my early

views that those who may think them-

selves wise should be watchful and

humble lest they miss good lessons

from their unpretending neighbors. It

argues for universal education, for

democracy and that great educational

institutions do not control the source

of knowledge but merely offers the eas-





iest means of reaching the'supply.





It makes —
J AN. 29, 1916.





Work and Play

‘ By W. s. HASKELL





FTER all the difierence between

work and play is not great. Both

are general terms denoting phy—



sical or mental exercise. Both require

energy, planning or designing and both

have objects in view. The difference

usually noted is that work serves

some economic end,,while the object

of play is to satisfy a desire for amuse-

ment.



But in actual life this difference does

not always obtain. The professional

ball-player is apt to make work out of

his play, while many men find real

amusement in their daily tasks.



It is not the amount of energy used

that drives so many people to look up-

on work as drudgery and upon a game

of some sort as recreation. The fact

is that in either physical or mental

play one is more frequently called up-

on to use a greater amount of effort

than in his business. '





But the reason for a general preju-

dice against work appears to lie in the

attitude of the mind, and this attitude

no doubt is the result of that old fa-

miliar law of human nature which sets

in motion a desire for the uncommon.

What we call work is everywhere

about us. Our capacity for it is usual-

ly well filled. On the other hand, we

play incidentally, or perhaps a few min—

utes each day; hence, the longing for

amusement is never fully satisfied.‘ The

mind naturally reflects this over-sup-

ply of work and lack of play in abhor-

ring the one and seeking the other.





Notwithstanding this, some men

have trained themselves not to ob-

serve the difference, and they are

amused the Whole day long. To them

life is a game. They get entertainment

out of their work. The~ uncertainties

of fate have a charm even more allur-

ing than the gridiron, the diamond or

the race course.





And the philosdphy of such an atti-

tude of mind seems to be a very sane

one. To keep score on a field of corn,

figure the influence of a wide ration on

the dairy cow, forecast tomorrow’s

weather, speculate on grain prices,

these and a thousand other problems

ought to keep the farmer, at least ac-

tive and consequently young.





The man who is playing the game

and thereby keeps himself in condi-

tion, who is ready to use every mus-

cle to its capacity, every nerve and

brain cell to their limit, is not only

the man who is most likely to succeed

from a business standpoint, but is the

one who will get from life the highest

satisfaction. He will have bridged

the great gulf that too many men find

between work and play, by emancipat-

ing work from over-seriousness and

encumbering play with dignity.





No-beauty is really beautiful which

in any way hinders righteousness or

weakens spiritual life.



“Phillips Brooks.





Hill!liiiiiiIi’ElilllllilllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllHllmill!lilllllllllllll‘ll1!lllllllllllllllllllllllllliilllllllm

WATCH YOU RSELF GO BY.





m' T. (l. immus.

Say, what’s the use of taking stock

In all these tales we hear—

Wliy “rip the lining” out of “Jones”

And make “Smith” look so queer?

You cannot always tell, my boy,

Perhaps ’tis all a lie—

Just step around behind some tree

And watch yourself go by.





You’ll find that things look different,

And crooked paths look straight—-

That “Smith” is not the only man

Who sometimes “gets home late;”

Perhaps your wife’s own husband

Sometimes gets all awry—

So step around behind some tree

And watch yourself go by.





In business as in pleasure,

And in the social life,

It doesn’t pay to speculate

Or let your thoughts run rife,

But try to think the best of those

Who in your pathway lie—

Then slip around behind some tree

And watch yourself go by.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





l7—-—137





 





 





V





O





   





ments.





like.

this





in the





l class.





mission.





 





 





AAAAAAAA





To those Saxon Roadster attractions

which earned

among 35,000 owners we now add

over a score of further improve-

They mark the best prac-

tices in roadster construction.





Judge the field of low-priced two—

passenger cars by any gauge you





new series

stands out clearly—the pick of its





l Feature Innovations





You Now Find





3 Three Speed Transmission.

' greater flexibility.

Saxon Roadster—among cars selling for

less than $400—has a three speed trans-





Saxon high speed motor.

widespread praise—when first brought out





: _- ROADSTER





Costs less to run than horse and buggy





 





Today’s chalce—

among two-passenger cars





its present prestige





end you'll agree that





Saxon Roadster seated,





This provides

Only the new series





This motor won





Timken Axles.

Ventilating Windshield, Signal Lamps at

side, Adjustable Pedals—all equipment of

unmistakable desirability.





A body of greater beauty.

believe—will question the supremacy of

the Saxon Roadster in the matter of hand—

some appearance.

streamline.

to be seen in it.





More room.

cious comfort for two large people when





“Most Economical Car





And not only that. but Saxon Roadster——

all things considered—costs less to keep

up than a good horse and buggy.

every sort of test—under hardest possible

conditions—it has maintained an average

operating cost of one-fourth cent per mile

per passenger—30 miles to the gallon of

gasoline—”)0 to l50 miles on a pint of

oil—3500 to 5000 miles on a set of tires.



Sliding gear transmission; and resilient

vanadium steel cantilever springs: are ad-





395 l





 





No better can be bought.





NO one—we





its body is a perfect

You are proud to own it—





Plenty of leg length. Spa-





to Own' ’





 





Against





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





 

   

 

 

 

 





Farmers





 





Wheat averaged in 1915

Oats

Barley averaged in 1915





wise, ranging from $12 to $30 per acre.





pamphlet. address





Regarding Western Canada as a grain producer, a prom-

inent business man says: “Canada's position today is

sounderthan ever. There is more wheat, more oats, more

grain for feed, 20% more cattle than last year and more

hogs. The war market in Europe needs our surplus. As

for the wheat crop, it is marvelous and a monument of





strength for business confidence to build upon, exceeding the most optimistic predictions.”

averaged in 1915 over 45 bushels per acre





Prices are high. markets convenient, excellent land low in

. _ . Free homestea

from railway lines and convenient to good schools and churches. The climate is healthful.





There is no war tux on land. nor is there any conscription.

asto best locations for lsettlement. reduced railroad rates and descriptive illustrated





M. V. MclNNES,

I78 Jefferson Ave..





N Bushel Drop in IS I 5





pay for their land with one year's crop





and prosperity was never so great.





 

 

   

   

   

 

   





over 25 bushels per acre





 

   

 





over 40 bu 8 per acre

rice either improved or other-





lands are plentiful and not far





 

   

   

   





For complete information





   

 





Detroit. Mich.

Can-din: Government Agent.





 

   

 





 





Rains caused



w ee d y fields.



, and damaged

in o s t of the



seed





timothy

the past season. Our supply is from a. section

wherethere was no such effect: seed silvery-White.

over 99%% pure and strong vitality. It is not only

the best. but cheapest to use. Samples FREE.





 





‘ The c. E. Depuy 00- "3.12.259





R E A L 0 N E 8

So light a woman can handle.

so strong they cannot break.

Single, Extension. Step and

Fruit. Write for catalog and

get them at Winter Discounts.





\ ~ The Berlin Fruit Box Go.





BERLIN HEIGHTS. OHIO





 





 





 





—lor its power, smoothness, flexibility. ditional features. Go see this new series

ability to cool under all conditions and Saxon Roadster at the nearest Saxon

operative economy. it has been still dealer's. Write for Saxon Days. Address

further refined and developed. Dept. 19.

“Four” Roadster 3395 “Six" Touring Car 3785

With detachable Coupe top 455 With detachable Limousine top 935

Delivery Car 395 “Six” Roadster 785

.

Saxon Motor Car Company, DetrOit

(264)

Vr "‘ , . .

Th H n m n s 0°

.,. -. « roe un re I ion

/* W at}: POP

AND TIMOTHY Bu.





INVESTIGATE—Iool and cheap... Seeding Known.

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bargam. Greatest hayand pasture combination grown.

Write {or Free Sample and 100 page catalog and circulars

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tested recleaned seed guaranteed. Write fore advance.

A. A. BERRY SEED 00.. Box 531. Clarlnda. low.





SWEETGLUVERs if





White_Blossoms. Biggest bargain in unhulled Sweet Clo-

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Wonderful money-maker. Best paying crop on the Farm

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heavy, money-making crops while doing it. Splendid pu-

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f‘ree sam lcs and prices and big Prollt Sharlng exclusive

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Free catalog ixn colors explains





\ 0W you can save

, money on Farm Truck or Road

/:‘ Wagons, also steel or wood wheels to fit

. _ anyrunning ~.



. ~' ‘2} gear. Send for

it today.



’ EloctnchiooICo. ' '

35 Elm St..fluinq.lll.





 





 





   

 

 

 

 





 





PATENTS That Protect and. Pay

Send Sketch or Model for Search

BOOKS AND ADVICE F R E B

Watson E. Coleman, Patent Lawyer_ Washlnftondlc.

PATEN want Owen Patents. Send for 3 free



books; inventions wanted. etc. ‘





help you market your invention without charge.

RICHARD B. OWEN. 11‘! Owen Bldg., Wuhington. I). C.





Mention The Mlchlgan Farmer When Wrmng Advertisers





 





ABLE IDEAS WANTED. Manufacturers
teal-7,18 " *‘





 





 





Unhooking the stirrups from the

pomel, Stillwell let them fall, and be-

gan to search the saddle for some-

thing which he evidently expected to

find. Presently, from somewhere

among the trappings, he produced a

folded bit of paper, and after scrutiniz-

ing it, handed it to Al.



“Addressed to you, and I’ll bet you

two bits I know what’s in it,” he said.





Alfred unfolded the letter, read it,

and then looked at Stillwell.





“Bill, you’re a pretty good guesser.

Gene’s made for the border. He sent

the horse by somebody, no names men-

tioned, and wants my sister to have

him if she will accept.



“Any mention of Danny Mains?”

asked the rancher.



“Not a word.”



“Thet’s bad. Gene’d know about

Danny if anybody did; but he’s aclose~

mouthed fellow. So he’s sure hittin’

fer Mexico! Wonder if Danny’s goin’

too. VVal, that finishes two of the best

cowmen I ever seen, an’ I’m sorry.”

With that he bowed his head and,

grumbling to himself, went. into the

house. Lifting the reins over the head

of the horse, Alfred led him to Made-

line, slipped the knot over her arm,

and placed the letter in her hand.



“Majesty, I’d accept the horse,” he

said. “Stewart is only a cowboy, and

as tough as any I’ve known; but he





had a better education than most cow~ .





boys, and I’ve seen him show such

fine feeling as‘you’d scarcely except in

one of his kind. I liked him pretty

well before he thrashed Pat Hawe, and

afterward I guess I liked him more.

Read the letter, sister.”



Madeline bent her gaze from her

brother’s face to the letter, which ran

thus:



Friend Al:



I’m sending my horse down to you

because I‘m going away and haven’t

the nerve to take him where he’d get

hurt, or fall into strange hands.



Maybe it’s not just proper what I’m

going to ask you, but I’m thinking

most of the horse. If it’s proper and

all right—~why, give him to your sister

with my respects. And say that if

there ever was a horse gentle and no‘

ble enough to be worthy of carrying

her, he is.



But if you don’t like the idea, Al, or

if she won’t have him—then he’s for

you. I’m not forgetting your kindness

to me, even if I never showed it. And

Al, my horse has never felt a quirt or

a spur, and I’d like to think you’d nev-

er hurt him. It’s some strange that

a cow-puncher is afraid to have. his

horse hurt, but this horse was more

like a brother to me.



I’m hoping your sister will take him.

She’ll be good to him, and she can at:

ford to take care of him. You see, Al,

I’m all selfish in this deal, thinking of

the horse. And that’s on the square.

All the same. I’m not forgetting your

sister’s kind words to me. And, while

I’m waiting to be plugged by a greaser

bullet, if I happen to have a picture in

mind of how she’ll look up on my

horse why, man’ it’s not going to

make any difference to you. She need

never know it.



Between you and me, Al, don’t let

her or Flo ride alone over Don Car-

los’s way. If I had time, I could tell

you something about that slick greas-

er. Tell your sister, if there’s ever

any reason for her to run away from

anybody when she’s up on that roan,

just let her lean over and yell in his

ear She’ll find herself riding like the

wind.





 





Sodong,

Gene Stewart.



0 Madeline thoughtfully folded the let-

ter and murmured:



“How he must love his horse!”



“Well, I should say so,” replied Al-

fred. “Flo will tell you. She’s the

only person Gene ever let ride that

horse, unless, as Bill thinks, the little

Mexican girl Bonita rode him out of

El Cajon the other night. Well, sister

mine, how about it—will you accept

the horse?”



“Assuredly, and very happy indeed

am I to get him. Al, you said, I think,

2;. that Mr. Stewart named him after me





-





 





 





——saw my nickname in the New York

paper?”



“Yes.”



“Well, I will not change his name.

But A], how shall I ever climb on

him? He’s taller than I am. What a

giant of a horse! Oh, look at him—

he’s nosing my. hand. I really believe

he understood what I said. Al, did

you ever see such a splendid head, and

such beautiful eyes? They are so large

and dark and soft—and human. Oh,

I am a fickle woman, for I am forget-

ting White Stockings!”



“I’ll gamble he’ll make you forget

any other horse,” said Alfred. “You’ll

have to get on him from the porch,”



As Madeline was not dressed for the

saddle, she did not attempt to mount.



“Come, Majesty—how strange that

soundsl—we must get acquainted. You

have a new owner, a very severe young

woman who will demand loyalty from

you and obedience—and some day, af-

ter a decent period, she will expect

love.”



Madeline led the horse to and fro,

and was delighted with his gentleness.

She discovered that he did not need to

be led. He came at her call, followed

her like a pet dog, and rubbed his

black muzzle against her.



Sometimes, at. the turns in the walk,

he lifted his head, and, with ears for-

ward, looked up the trail by which he

had come, and beyond to the foot—hills.

He was looking over the range. Some-

one was calling to him, perhaps, from

beyond the mountains. Madeline liked

him the better for that memory, and

pitied the wayward cowboy who had

parted with his only possession for

very love of it.





 





CHAPTER XI.





That afternoon, when Alfred lifted

Madeline to the back of the big roan,





she felt high in the air.



“We’ll have a run out to the mesa,”

said her brother as he mounted.

“Keep a tight rein on him, and ease

up when you want him to go faster;

but don’t yell in his ear unless you

want Florence and me to see you dis-

appear on the horizon!”



He trotted out of the yard, down by

the corrals, to come out on the edge

of a gray, open flat that stretched sev-

eral miles to the slope of a mesa. Flor-

ence led, and Madeline saw that she

rode like a cowboy. Alfred drew on

to her side, leaving Madeline in the

rear.



Then the leading horses broke into

a gallop. They wanted to run, and it

was splendidly manifest to Madeline

that she would hardly be able to keep

Majesty from running, even if she

wanted to. He sawed on the tight

bridle as the others drew away, and

broke from pace to gallop.



“This will never do. They are run-

ning away from us,” said Madeline,

and she eased up her hold on the

bridle.



Something happened beneath her

just then—she did not know, at first,

exactly what. Much as she had been

on horseback, she had never ridden at

a running gait. In New York it was

neither decorous nor safe. So when

Majesty lowered and stretched, and

changed the stiff, jolting gallop for a

smooth, gliding run, it took Madeline

some moments to realize what was

happening. She felt the steady, even

rush of the wind. It amazed her to

find how easily, comfortably she kept





to the saddle. She found herself alive,.





throbbing, and inspired by she knew

not what. She loosened the bridle,

and leaning far forward she cried:

“Oh, you splendid fellow—run!”

She heard from under her a sudden

quick, clattering roar of boots, and she

swayed back with the wonderfully

swift increase in Majesty’s speed. The

wind stung her face, howled in her

ears, tore at her hair. The gray plain





T 13 EM 1 a: "M ‘1 MAM "i: A-‘R M F. k "f





Light of western Stars





By ZANE GREY





 





swept by on each side, and in front-

seemed to be waving toward her. In

her blurred‘sight Florence and Alfred

appeared to be coming back; but she

saw presently, upon nearer view, .that

Majesty was overhauling the other

horses, was going to pass them.





Indeed he did pass them, shooting

by so swiftly as almost to make them

appear standing still. He ran on, not

breaking his gait till he reached the

steep side of the mesa, where he slow-

ed down and stopped.



“Glorious!” exclaimed Madeline.



She was all in a blaze, and every

muscle and nerve of her body tingled

and quivered. Her hands, as she en-

deavored to put up the loosened

strands of hair, trembled and failed of

their accustomed dexterity. Then she

faced about and waited for her com-

panions.



Alfred reached her first, laughing,

delighted, yet also a little anxious.



“Can’t he run? Did he bolt?”



“No, I yelled in his ear,”’she re-

plied.



“So that was it! That’s the woman

of you—forbidden fruit. Flo Said she’d

do it the minute she was on him. Maj-

esty, you can ride! See if Flo doesn’t

say so.”



The western girl came up then, with

her pleasure bright in her face.



“It was just great to see you. How

your hair burned in the wind. Al, she

sure can ride. Oh! I’m so glad~—I was

a little afraid. And that horse! Isn’t

he grand?”



Alfred led the way up the steep,

zigzag trail to the top of the mesa.

Madeline saw a flat surface of short

grass, level as a floor.



She uttered a little cry of wonder

and enthusiasm.



“Al, what a place for golf! This

would be the finest links in the world ”



“Well, I’ve thought of that myself,”

he replied. “The trouble would be,

could anybody stop looking at the

scenery long enough to hit a ball?

Majesty, look!”



And then it seemed that Madeline

was confronted by a spectacle too

sublime and terrible for her gaze. The

immensity of this red ridged, deep-

gulfed world, descending by incalcu-

lable distances, refused to be grasped.

It awed her, shocked her.



“Once, Majesty, when I first came

out west, I was down and out—deter-

minted to end it all,” said Alfred. “I

happened to climb up here looking for

a lonely place to die. When I saw

that—I changed my mind.”



Madeline was silent. She remained

so during the ride around the rim of

the mesa, and down the steep trail.

This time Alfred and Florence failed

to tempt her into a race. She had been

awestruck; she had been exalted; she

had been confounded; and she recover-

ed slowly, without divining exactly

what had come to her.



She reached the ranch~house far be-

hind her companions, and at supper-

time was unusually thoughtful. Later,

when they assembled on the porch to

watch the sunset, Stillwell’s humorous

complainings inspired the inception of

an idea which flashed up in her mind

swift as lightning. By listening sym-

pathetically, she encouraged him to re-

cite the troubles of a poor cattleman.

They were many and long and inter-

esting, and rather numbing to the life

of her inspired idea. .



“Mr. Stillwell, could ranching here

on a large scale, with up-to-date meth-

ods, be made—well, not profitable ex-

actly, but to pay—to run without a

loss?” she asked, determined to kill

her new-born idea at birth or else give

it breath and hope of life.



“Wal, I reckon it could,” he replied,

with a short laugh. “It’d sure be a

money-maker. Why, with all my bad

luck an’ poor equipment, I’ve lived

pretty well, an’ paid my debts, an’

haven’t really lost any money except

the original outlay. I reckon that’s

sunk fer good.” .-



“Would you sell, if someone would

pay your price?” , ‘ .



“Miss Majesty, I’d jump at the





JAN. 29, 1916.





chance. Yet somehow I’d hate to

leave hyar. I’d jest be fool enough to





.go sink the money in another ranch.”





“Would Don Carlos and these other

Mexicans sell?”



“They sure would. The don has

been after me fer years, wantin’ to sell

thet old rancho of his; an ’these herd-

ers in the valley, with their stray cat-

tle, they’d fall daid at sight of a little

money.”



“Please tell me, Mr. Stillwell, exact-

ly what you would do here if you had

unlimited means?” went on Madeline.





“Wal, Miss Majesty, it jest makes

my old heart warm up to think of sich

a thing. I dreamed a lot about it when

I first come hyar. What would I do

if I hed unlimited money? Listen. I’d

buy out Don Carlos an’ the greasers.

I’d give a job to every good cowman

in this country. I’d make them pros-

per as I prospered myself. I’d buy all

the good horses on the ranges. I’d

fence twenty thousand acres of the

best grazin’. I’d drill fer water in. the

valley. I’d pipe water down from the

mountains. I’d dam up thet draw out

there. A mile-long dam from hill to

hill would give me a big lake, an’ hev-

in’ an eye fer beauty, I’d plant cotton-

woods around it. I’d fill thet lake full

of fish. I’d put in the biggest field of

alfalfa in the southwest. I’d‘plant

fruit trees an’ garden. I’d tear down

them old corrals an’ barns an’ bunk-

houses, to build new ones. I’d make

this old rancho some comfortable an’

fine. I’d put in grass an’ flowers all

around, an’ bring young pine-trees

down from the mountains. An’ when

all thet was done, I’d sit in my chair

an’ smoke an’ watch the cattle string-

in’ in fer water an’ stragglin’ back in-

to the valley.

there wouldn’t set on a happier man

in the world than Bill Stillwell, last of

the old cattlemen!”



Madeline thanked the rancher, and

then rather abruptly retired to her

room, where she felt no restraint to

hide the force of that wonderful idea,

now full-grown and tenacious and al-

luring.



The next day, late in the afternoon,

she asked Alfred if it would be safe

for her to ride out to the mesa. \



“I’ll go with you,” he said gaily.



“Dear fellow, I want to go alone,”

she replied.



“Ah!” Alfred exclaimed, suddenly

serious. He gave her just a quick

fling of eyes, then turned away. “Go

ahead! I think it’s safe. I’ll make it

safe by sitting here with my glass and

keeping an eye on you. Be careful

coming down the trail. Let the horse

pick his way, That’s all.”



She rode Majesty across the wide

flat, up the zigzag trail, across the

beautiful grassy level to the far rim

of the mesa, and not till then did she

lift her eyes to face the southwest.



Madeline looked from the gray val-

ley at her feet to the blue Sierra Ma-

dres, gold-tipped in the settin sun.

Her Vision embraced in that gance

distance and depth and glory hitherto

unrevealed to her. The gray valley

sloped and widened to the black senti-

nel Chiricahuas, and beyond was lost

in a vast, corrugated sweep of earth,

reddening down to the west, where a

golden blaze lifted the dark, rugged

mountains into bold relief.



The scene had infinite beauty; but

after Madeline’s first swift, all embrac-

ing flash of enraptured eyes, the

thought of beauty passed away. In

that darkening desert there was some-

thing illimitable. Madeline saw the

hollow of a stupendous hand; she felt

a mighty hold upon her heart. Out of

the endless space, out of silence and

desolation and mystery and age, came

slow-changing, colored shadows, fan-

toms of peace, and they whispered to

Madeline.



They whispered that this was a.

great, grim, immutable earth—that

time was eternity—that life was fleet-

ing. They whispered for her to be. a

woman—to love some one before it

was too late—to live any one, every

one—to realize the need of work, and





An’ thet, red sun out.





 





 





«w— \ume—‘flafi. .... A..- .

. .





 





 





.‘ 15m





. A.“ éékpaweameww-.-.....-.x__..,,, .
JAN: 29, 1916. ‘

in doing it to find genuine happiness.



She rode back across" the ”mesa, and

down the trail, and once more upon

the flat she called to the horse and

made him run. His spirit seemed to

race with hers. The wind‘of his speed

blew her hair from its fastenings.

When he thundered to a halt at the

porch steps, Madeline, breathless and

disheveled, alighted with the mass of

her hair tumbling around her.



Alfred met her, and his exclamation,

and Florence’s rapt eyes shining on

her face, and Stillwell’s speechless-

ness, made her self-conscious. Laugh-

ing, she tried to put up her hair.



“I must—look a—fright!” she said.



“Wal, you can say what you like,”

replied the old cattleman, “but I know

what I think.”



Madeline strove to attain calmness.



“My hat—and my combs—went on

the wind. I thought my hair would go

too. There is the evening star. I am

very hungry!”



And then she gave up trying to be

calm, and likewise to fasten up her

hair, which fell again in a golden

mass.



“Mr. ,Stillwell,” she began, and pans-

ed, strangely aware of a hurried note,

a deeper ring in her voice. “Mr. Still-

well, I want to buy your ranch——to en-

gage you as my superintendent. I

want to buy Don Carlos’s ranch, and

other property, to the extent, say, of

fifty thousand acres. I want you to

buy horses and cattle—in short, to

make all those improvements which

you said you had so long dreamed of.

Then I have ideas of my own, in the

development of which I must have

your advice and Alfred’s. I intend to

better the condition of those poor Mex—

icans in the valley. I intend to'make

life a little more worth living for them

and for the cowboys on this range. To

morrow we shall talk it all over and

plan the business details."



Madeline turned from the huge, ev-

er-widening smile that beamed down

upon her, and held out her hands to

her brother.



“Alfred—strange, is it not, my com-

ing out to you? Nay, don’t smile. I

hope I have found myself—my work——

my happiness—here under the light of

that western star!”



(Continued next week).





 





BACK TO THE LAND.





BY B. s. OWEN.

I left the rustle and the roar,

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The dearest fortune one can find



Is strength of body, peace of mind.





Then come, dear friends, we welcome

Youo



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c Crucible—20





Grace Changes the Color of “Blue Monday”





RACE LUDLOW lifted the heavy

G pail of dirty suds, and pressing



her left hand tightly against her

aching side trudged toward the door.

Down eight steps and across the back

yard she carried it, to dump it down

the little hill back of the house whence

it would trickle away towards the

drain. Ten times she had been up and

down those steps to empty the tubs af-

ter washing, and if she rinsed and

blued as she should she would prob-

ably go up and down ten times more

before the last garment was on the

line. Then there would be the floor to

scrub and that water to empty, dinner

to get, dishes to wash, beds to make,

rooms to tidy and supper to plan for

the evening.



She sighed impatiently as, back in

the kitchen, she banged the pail on

the floor, rinsed the clinging suds from

the bottom of the tub and prepared

to fill it up with clear cold water for

rinsing and blueing. Fortunately she

did not have to go down the steps for

that. The cistern pump was on the

back porch, so it only meant going a

few steps for clean water, but the op-

ening and shutting of the door chilled

the room, and after the steam of the

washing suds, gave Grace a decided

feeling of discomfort.



She shivered as she plunged her

hands in the icy water, but glancing

at the clock decided she hadn’t time

to wait to heat water to take the chill

off. They must be rinsed and got on

the line at once, or dinner would be

late. Either that or leave them until

afternoon, which she had no mind

to do.



“It seems as though everyone and





 





 





 





 





everything conspired to make women’s

work as hard as possible,” she com-

muned moodily with herself. “I’d like

to see any man work with things as

unhandy as I have them. I know I’ve

walked two miles this morning, just

carrying and emptying water. I’ll bet

the man that built this house spent

six months planning to make it as in-

convenient as possible. Certainly no

woman would have had her kitchen lo-

cated so she’d have to go down eight

steps to get to the ground.



“It’s not so bad except on washing

days,” she added, shaking out a sheet

and depositing it with its mates in the

basket. “But after you have broken

your back rubbing a tub or two of

dirty clothes, to have to walk up and

down those steps emptying water is

more than flash and blood can bear.”



She pulled on heavy mackintosh and

cap as she spoke, donned white

fleece lined mittens, and lifting the

basket with a groan and a scowl for

her aching back sallied forth to hang

the white clothes on the line. An icy

wind that froze the clothes as she

hung them, and flapped them rudely

about her face effectually kept her

mind from thoughts of the steps to

climb and gave it a turn in another

direction.



I “l’d‘ like'to see John 'hang these

things out in freezing weather,” she

jerked out, between frantic grabs at

wildly flying sheets and table linen.

“He’d hang them out about once and

then string them around the living-

room the rest of the time. Any time

a man would put up with what a wom—

an goes through,” an indignant snort

as a pillow slip sailed away across the

yard cut forth further ruminating on

John and his ilk and fastened her





mind firmly on the business in hand.



It was time to start dinner when she

got back in, and after blowing vainly

on her numb fingers and swinging her

arms briskly about, she hurried

through the usual wash-day noon meal.

Part of the clothes had to go over

until afternoon, for meals on time was

a fetich in the Ludlow family.





“Town women have it so much eas-

ier,” she mused as, after dinner she

finished up the job of rinsing the

clothes which were left. “No water to

carry nor tubs to empty. All they do

when they’re through washing is.to

pull a plug out of the bottom of the

tub and let the water run away. It

was just fun for Mrs. Smith to wash

there in Jackson. If I just had tubs

like hers, now, I wouldn’t mind wash-

ing a bit.”



All the time she was hanging the

clothes around the kitchen range, she

refused to go out in the cold again,

her mind dwelt on the stationary tubs

which had graced Mrs. Smith’s base-

ment. Made of slate, and standing at

just the right height on four solid legs,

they were always ready, quick to fill

and nothing at all to empty and clean.





“Why couldn’t I have some right

here in the kitchen;” Grace said audi-

bly, as solitary people have a fashion

of doing. “They could stand right ov-

er there in the corner out of the way,

and we could puta hinged cover over

them and make an extra table. Of

course, I haven’t the running water to

fill them, but John or the hired man

could do that before they go out, and

then if I didn’t have to carry all the

water out after washing all morning it

would take off half the work. John

could surely connect them up with a

pipe to carry the water off, and when

we do get water in they’d be here all

ready. I’m going to write Mrs. Smith

anyway and find out how much they’d

cost.”



The next morning’s mail carried a

letter to Mrs. Smith, and after Grace

had given up looking for the answer

one came. There was a page or so of

the usual apologies for delay, and af-

ter skimming through it Grace learned

that the tubs had been in the house

when the Smith’s moved in, so that

lady had to go down town and hunt

about before she could find out the

cost. At last she had found a plumber

who would sell two tubs and do the

inside plumbing for $15. As the Lud-

low’s lived where he could not set the

tubs up for them, he would deduct the

cost of setting them up from the price

of the tubs. They would probably

cost around $13.



“If that’s all they cost they’re mine,”

Grace exulted. “If I carry water up

and down those steps much longer I’ll

pay a doctor $25, and I’d rather pay

half that for convenience and keep

well. I suppose John will growl about

hard times, but if he can have a sulky

plow I don’t see why he shouldn’t buy

me these tubs. They’ll be used 52

weeks out of the year, which is cer-

tainly more use than his machinery

ever gets.”



Contrary to expectations John did

not growl. He came in at three o’clock

wreathed in smiles and flourishing a

check for $100.



“Lansing bit at last,” he crowed.

“He’s taken the colt at my price, just

as I was ready to throw off $10.”



“Throw off $3.00 more, then,” Grace

said promptly, “and give me the $13

for some stationary washtubs.”





“What’s the answer?” demanded

John. “I never say one. What does

it do?” '



“They stand quietly in the corner

when not in use,” Grace explained,

“and are connected with the outside

world by a good drain. You and Bill

fill them wash day mornings for me,

and when. I’m through washing I pull

out a plug and the dirty suds carries

itself outside and down the drain. I’ve

carried out 3,000,000 hogsheads of wa-

ter since I’ve lived here, to say noth-





ing of what I’ve carried in, and now‘





I’m through.”



“If it’s as bad as that I guess you

get the tubs,” John agreed. “We ought

to do something to celebrate our vic-

tory over that old skinflint.”



And lest he change his mind, Grace

sat down that moment and ordered the

tubs. DEBORAH.





 





WINTER BUTTER-MAKING IN THE

HOME.

BY ELLA E. ROCKWOOD.



Cold weather interferes with the rip-

ening of cream so that unless properly

handled it becomes inoculated with

the wrong variety of bacteria and de-

velops a bitter taste instead of the

pleasant acidity and fine aroma essen-

tial for the production of the best

quality of butter. '



Probably the most satisfactory meth-

od of treating winter cream in the

quantity handled on the average farm

not specially devoted to dairying, is to

hold it three or four days before

churning, making butter twice a week.

This plan adapts itself very conven-

iently for the housewife. Tuesday and

Friday will be found to fit in nicely as

churning days in the regular program

for work.



Having the cream for the churning

we will now proceed to ripen it. Be—

ing all in a single vessel, well stirred

twice daily, the sweet cream Should,

on the day preceding the churning, be

warmed up to 62 to 64 degrees. By

placing the receptacle containing it

within a larger one filled with warm

water and stirring constantly the tem-

perature will speedily rise. It should

be tested with a reliable dairy ther-

mometer and removed when the prop-

er point is reached, then set in some

convenient place where the tempera-

ture will not drop very much and care-

fully covered. Next morning the cream

should be ready for the churn, pleas-

antly acid, moderately thick, pouring

from a dipper like molasses, and “pit-

ting” the surface as the last drops fall.

Both outside and inside of the dipper

will be coated thickly with adhering

cream. When this condition is reach-

ed, combined with the tests given in

the previous sentence, those who know

are satisfied that the ripening is com-

plete.



With the cream in readiness the

next thing is the churn. This should

be scalded as usual but not chilled too

much. If the cream has dropped be-

low 64 degrees it should be again

warmed as it is a useless waste of

energy to attempt to churn at too low

a temperature in winter. Herds vary

in this respect and only experience

and an actual test can determine the

exact degree for exhaustive churning.

As a rule, when the butter comes

quickly it means imperfect separation

of fat and consequent waste in the

buttermilk. Even without a tester one

can tell fairly well whether any con-

siderable amount of fat is left in it or

not. If it is quite thick with a yellow

tinge and a rich creamy taste, the

churn has not secured all the butter.

It should .be a clear bluish white and





 





 





 





i
l

.

l

.j

.5

3





 





 





 





.w-uun. -. ".4 M...





 





an. a, 19m





rather thin in order to indicate com-

plete separation A churn only one-

third full (if cream will'generally get

more complete results than a fuller

one because the concussion is greater.



In washing butter in cold weather

the water should be about the same

temperature as the buttermilk. This

leaves the granules in the waxy stage,

easy to press into shape after salting.

If too cold they gather in very small

particles, like corn meal, on the sur-

face of the water, so fine that they

pass through the opening of the churn

and collect in large numbers on the

sieve. Twice washing is sufficient.





' Too much water washes out the flavor.





A churning of five or six pounds

may be salted in a butter bowl, more

than that is best treated in the churn.

Streaks are caused by imperfect dis-

tribution of salt which the working is

supposed to incorporate evenly. Salt

heightens the yellow color of butter

and the tint is deepest where this is

deposited most thickly. Hence the,

logical remedy for streaked butter is

more working.



It is difficult to convince the average

home butter-maker that it is not neces-

sary to set butter away until next day

before finishing. If this is given a

fair trial even the most skeptical wom-

an will be convinced that it is better

to finish the job as soon as the salting

is done. It is then in the best possible

condition for working and right then





'and there is the time to give it all it





requires. Next day it is rigid and must

be warmed, and possibly “half melted,

before it can be handled. The best

butter makers today do not rework

the product but do all that is required

at the one operation, salting, working

and printing or packing as soon as the

churning is completed.





 





BABY WEEK.





1916 is Baby Year.

American babies, the needs of Ameri-

can babies, and America’s responsibiL

ity to her babies will this year be

known as never before, because the

first week in March will be Baby Week

throughout the country. More than

400 communities representing every

state in the union are already laying

plans for Baby Week, according to the

Children’s Bureau of the United States

Department of Labor, in order that

during those seven days the needs of

the babies may be so presented that

all the parents in those communities

will learn a little better how to care

for their babies, and all the citizens

will realize that they have a special

obligation to safeguard the conditions

surrounding babies. The Federal Chil-

dren’s Bureau believes that Baby

Week will give more parents a chance

to learn the accepted principles of in-

fant care, and will awaken every Am-

erican to his responsibility for the

deaths of the 300,000 babies who, ac-

cording to the census estimates, die

every year before they are twelve

months old. Therefore the Children’s

Bureau has prepared a special bulletin

of practical suggestions for Baby

Week campaigns, adapted to the vary-

ing needs of communities of different

types. Copies of this bulletin may be

had free of charge from the Children’s

Bureau at Washington.





 





CHEESE.





 





BY N. M. PAIBPOINT.



Cheese is one of the foods that is

not yet sufficiently used, either for

nutritive dishes or as flavoring.



Its nutritive qualities are very high,

its food value being equal to twice its

weight of fresh meat or eggs, and

three times its weight of fish. As the

result of this, cheese dishes should be

used instead of meat or eggs, and not

made an important part of the same

meal.



Cheese is the casein or curd, of milk,





' solidified, pressed, and allowed to dry,





and it contains a very large part of

the solids, fats, and mineral matter,

found in whole milk.



Sometimes skim-milk is used in its





The facts about





 

 





manufacture, but usually it is . from

whole cow’s milk, that is considered

specially valuable for that purpose,

and the milk must be in good condi-

tion if the cheese is to be satisfactory.



There are. a large number of kinds

but they can be generally divided into

three classes, hard, soft, and those spe-

cially flavored.



The ordinary American product is a

hard cheese, and that made for the

home trade is milder flavored than

that made to be exported. The soft

cheese is well represented by the

Neufchatel, a very soft cream cheese,

that was first made in this country in

Orange county, New York state. The

Cream cheese that is put up in square

packages, and is often called Philadel-

phia cheese, usually contains more of

the fats of the milk than the Neuf-

chatel. New York state has been the

home of cheese making for many

years, and it is still the most import-

ant industry of some towns and cities.



Among the hard cheeses of the dif-

ferent nations are the Stilton and

Cheshire cheese of the English; the

Edam of the Dutch; Gorgonzola of the

Italians; and Port-du-Salut of the

French. These all vary in flavor and

hardness, but are of the same type as

the regular American cheese, and are

now all made in this country, as well

as being imported. ‘



Among the soft cheese of the Neuf-

chatel type, are the Camembert, the

D’Isigny, and the Roquefort, which is

semi-soft cheese. The Limburger is a

soft cheese, and with the Brie, and the

Camembert are among those specially

flavored by selected fermentations.



There is a very hard Italian cheese,

called the Parmesan, that has a gran-

ular quality. This can be purchased

in a grated form, and is particularly

useful for flavoring for soups and sal-

ads and to use with macaroni and rice.





NlCHlGAN’S HAPPY BABIES.





 





German Measles.



German measles is a common dis—

ease of childhood, but almost never

seen except in cases of epidemics. It

is mild, almost never fatal and sel-

dom, indeed, serious. The chief char-

acteristic of the disease is a fever ac-

companied by a rash. There are once

in a while cases accompanied by sore

throat or perhaps by the catarrhal

symptoms which occur with measles,

but often the rash is the first and only

symptom of. the disease.



The rash usually begins on the face

and spreads to the whole body, though

it sometimes appears first on the back

and chest. It is usually fully develop-

ed in 24 hours, and sometimes lasts

only that long, though there have been

cases where the rash stayed out for

four days. The spots are a pale-red

color, varying in size from a pin head

to a pea and on the face running to-

gether in blotches like true measles.

There is usually but little rise in tem-

perature, 100 or 101 degrees, and the

temperature goes down as the rash

disappears. Occasionally the skin

comes oi! in fine scales over the body,

legs and arms, but this does not al-

ways occur.



As the diseaseis contagious, the pa-

tient should always be isolated during

its course. No age is exempt, and the

fact that a person has previously had

scarlet fever or measles will not pro-

tect him from German measles. The

same person will not have two attacks,

however.



The epidemic usually occurs in win-

ter or spring, and not infrequently fol-

lows an epidemic of measles. It is

often hard to diagnose, as it is some-

times confounded with scarlet fever

or measles. It has, however, none of

the dangers which accompany these

diseases, and is never followed by ser-

ious complications. DEBORAH.



Keep the dust cloth in a closed can

with some absorbent cotton soaked

with coal oil in the bottom. The cloth

will absorb enough oil to enable it to

take up the dusts-X. Y. Z.





 





 





 





THE MICH I-GAN FARM m





A T UNCE A ND

mp YUM?

MIME /





' this country.





less than the wholesale price.





Griddle Cakes now.





cakes that can be made.





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





You know Karo, no doubt.





65,000,000 cans were used.





Corn Products Refining Co.





I. 0. In “I luv Yuk Dept. 102





 





KaroPremiumGriddle





$2.25 SOLID ALUMINUM GRlDDLE FOR 85 CENTS





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





VERYBODY these days knows aluminum ware—the Hell-

E est priced and most satisfactory kitchen ware need in





Here is your chance to get a 10% inch Solid Aluminum Griddle for





This Aluminum Griddle needs no greasing.

over; it doesn’t smoke up the house; it doesn't chip; it doesn't rust and'

it looks so much better and cleaner than any of the old kindof griddles.



It bakes Griddle Cakes that are really just as crisp as you want them

to be. .With Karo on them, they are the finest eating in the world——

and so digestible because baked without grease that many people who

haven’t dared to eat griddle cakes for years, are enjoying Karo and





At great expense we are seeking to place a Karo Aluminum Griddle

‘ in the homes of all Karo users, so that Karo—the famous spread for

griddle cakes and waffles—may be served on the most deliciously baked





Go to your grocer today and get 50 cents worth of Karo and send us

the labels and 85 cents in stamps or money order at once.

your Aluminum Griddle by prepaid parcel post.



It is the best known and

most universally liked syrup in this country. Last year





Get your Karo today—and send us the labels and 85

cents at once, so as to be sure of getting yours.

also send you free the famous Corn Products Cook Book.





21— 441





‘::=





V





IN CASH AND LABELS FROM 50 CENTS WORTH

0F KARO -[r'E7' YDUR KARfl [A8515

SEND





 

 





It beats uniformly all





You’ll get





We will





 





 





 





tasty and tempting.





 





Things to Eat For

the Worker on the Farm!





“You want things at your house that V

are nourishing and wholesome. as well as





Then take my advice—





use Calumet Baking Powder every bake day.





“Such tender, light and appetizing bis-

cuits, doughnuts, muffins, cakes and

other goodiesl—all so tempting you just

can't keep away from them.





“My mother uses Calumet all the time

and I know she knows what’s best.

It’s unequaled for sure results—for

leavemng and raising qualities—

for purity and economy. Try it

on the money-back guarantee.”





Received Highest Awards





New Cook Book Free

See Slip in Pound Can





 





NOTICE





the Heat—Check between chimney

and heater? It don the work of

two cyeannd two hands —— busy

all the time, and makes an incuba-

tor hatch eggs the some as lens

‘0 It. ‘Coats $1.00 each. Attach

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Send poetal for them “once.

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I. F. REUBERT 60.. Box 817 Mankulo. flinn.

POULTRY.





BA "RED ROCKS‘EEAE’? Zigficigggmfi

lesson. FRED ASTLING. Constantine, Michigan

ROCK COOK EIIELS. large. farm





Ia".d Plymwnlh raised from prize winning flock. $3

each, two for $5. J. A. BARNI’M. I'nion (‘it_\‘. Mich.





Oockerels, $2.00 for single liird, $1.50

Ballad flock each for two or more same order.

A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline. Michigan.





Barred Rock Cockmls

W. C Coflman. R. 3.





—200 big bushy vi rorous birds

A few ul ets.

Benton arbor. Mich.





1G Beautiful Hen hatched Barred Plymouth'ltocks

sold on approval 82 to $5 each. (4 females and male

$10)good luyers.('irculara and photos, .Inlin Norilion,()lnrc.Mich.





B d l l. . R.C.Rhodc Island Reds. S. C. White

'3 0 8!. Leghorns, a few breeding cockercls at $1.

Ekgs and stock in season. J. C. Greene. St. Johns, Klich.





UFF LEGHORNS—Oockerels. ¥lllli't.‘-I. liens or

pens; anything you wish in Buff .cghorns. (irreat

laying strain. Dr. William Smith. I’ctcrshury.Mich.





I'FF ROCKS and “'HI'I‘IC I’I‘JKIN l)l'(‘KS. (‘kls.,

good birds. 52. . Drakes and Ducks~ $150 each.

Prize winners. S. BOVVSICR, Prescott. Michigan.





' ' ' ' liuflD Iiock Winners.

Chicago, Minneapolis. Madison A I... good more...

at $2 and $3 each. Four cocks at $3 each. A few good

breeding hens $2. Buff Leghorns and Blue ’Orping

tons. iii Iii) LAWN FARM. Lawrence, Michigan





LEAliVlu‘IW Poultry Farm Established 1900. Trap-

nest strain of S. C. W. Leghorns Eggs for hatching.

15, $1; 50, $3.; 100, $3. Thos. H. Barns. Preston. Ohio.





HMS for hatching. Baby chicks a specialty: From

1“; pure it. 0. Rhode Island Reds and S. (V. \Vliitelie -

horns. $1.00 per settin . Baby chicks $10‘pcr 100. I300

your orders now. If. A. Nicholle, lullakc, Mich.





for hatching—From Pure bred “'hitc Plymouth

E s Rocks. I’ekin and W lite runiiiicr ducks. Vi hite

A mean guiiieus. H. V. Hostctlcr, It. 1, St. Johns. Mich.





! Cockcrcls $2

artist. as. nocKs

It. B. FOWLER. Hartford. Michigan.





null SALE: —- Light Brahamas. S. (‘. it. 1 li.. Hou-

dans and White anndottcs. ('ockercls and pul-

lets from $2 to $5. M rs. Ii. C. Iianlield, Owcndnlc. M icii.

- —200 Egg Strnin. ()iic customer's

hills ”Shams flock averaged 102 eggs in six winter

mos., another 131 eggs in 10 ino.~'., aiioi her 199 eggs in

12 mos. You can do as well. I‘lggs. chicks. breeding





stock from hens with records up to 261 eggs2 Prize

winners at largest Shows. Prompt shipment, prices low,

( uality guaranteed. “‘hite Le thorns ai'c‘best for eggs.

We raise Ch()llfiilll(lfi.'1“1‘(‘.8 cata og and price list ,ivos





i t' 'ulars. W'rite for it now. ltiycarssquarc (lea in ’—

{Ililduisfands ofpleased customers. li‘It‘liItIS LI‘IGHUIII

FARM. 9341Tnion, GRAND RAPIDS, .\11(‘H.





large Taulnuse Ganders’ iiillbloods.(tolor,gray.





Prices reasonable.

Mrs. B. M. Kinney. R. 2.: Box 35, hrlillington, Mich.

Toms $6; Hens $1. Fawnaiid

Mamm0lll Bronze lurk”: White. Indian Runner.

White egg strain, $1 each. CollarBros,(‘onklin.Mich. .R. 2.

A .\l MOTH Bronzc Turkeys Muiiiiiiotli Toulouse Geese and

B.l'.Rock and S.(!.\Vliitc Le, rhorn (‘m-kcrels.Berkshires. both

scx all ages. Chase’s Stock arm, MarlctteJlich. IL].





. - ' Strong, vigorous birds

Pill. cm“ While arm “"3 lies-to! egg strain.eggs

after Feb. lst., baby clicks later. MRS. WILLIS

HOUGH. Pine .Crcgt Farm. Royal Oak, Michigan.





llose Comb Brown leghorn Cockercls

From Mad. Sq. and Mich. and Ohio State Fair win-

ners $1.50 each. CLAUDIQ BETTS. Hillsdale. Mich.





and S. C. R. 1. Red (‘ockerels, W. Runner Ducks,

. B. O. Ducks. Eggs in season. Fine stock. Prices

reasonable. O.E.Hawley. Ludington. Mich.





RHODB ISLAND REDS and PLYMOU TH ROCKS.

Males 5 to Him. according to age $2 to 55: P. H. hens

weight5to 9% lbs. eggs 15 for 51.00: P. H. eggs $5 per 100.

Mammoth Bronze Tom 'l‘urkeys. 8 to 38 lbs. according

to age 36 to $25. 10 eggs $3. A. E. Crniiipton. Vassar. Mich



' and White Vl’yaiidoties. First prize

Oliver some" winners at Ionia. (‘hoice cockcrels rea-

sonable. Send for circular. C. W.Browning, R.2.Portlaiid.Mich.





C. White Leghorn Cockerels. Grand Birds—Utility

. or exhibition. We won State Fair this year. Hatch-

ing Eggs, $1.50 and $2.50 per setting, 38 per 100. Wishbone

Leghorn Farm, A. B & J. M. Wilsey, Ann Arbor. Mich.





WIIIT'I‘AKEII II. I. REDS §§é2“‘i..p‘iii‘iiii





i an. Both combs. Some ood males cheap.

TERLAKES FARM. Box 29. Lawrence. Michigan.





I Healthv farm raised cockerel

Willi. ”WWII"! "09kt :2 and is. Pallets 51.50. kg;

orders booked now $1.25. Ray M. Winters. Allegmi. Mich.



' a. fine lot. male and female at

White Wyandotte low price and write your

wants. DAVID RAY. 202 Forest Ave... Ypsilanti.Mich.



I From B ed—t l t k,

While Wyandolic cockerrls 3250, .500 in? 3&0.

EGGADAY POULTRY RANCH .‘Marshall Mich.





HITE Wyandotte Cockerels. $2.50. $3.50 and $5

each. From High Bred stock and heavy layers.

A. FRANKLIN SMITH, Ann Arbor. Michigan.





CLOSING Out my White Indian Runner Ducks—V. R.

Fishel strain. These ducks cost me a. lace.

Oflering while they last. Drakes $3; Ducks $2. rare

bargain. RIVERVIEW FARM. ii. 2, Vassar. Mich.





l’cliiii and lionen brakes ”'Ofofffsi‘m? 3

Sheridan Poultry Yards. Sheridan, Michigan.





 

   

     

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





 





 





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MILD, morst, even heat sent

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a .





One Gallon of Oil, One Filling

, Makes the Hatch in an





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' Fill the big tank just once—that’s enou h

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and study X-Ray construction.

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:





THE MICHIGAN ’F‘ArRME‘li‘





HE production of geese for mar-

ket purposes has become a most

important industry in Rhode Is-



land, and has proved a most profitable

farm occupation, due to the heavy de-

mands for geese in recent years. The

geese farm industry stands today mid-

way between the chicken and turkey

business as to importance.



Geese are probably the hardiest of

all domestic fowls, requiring less at-

tention than cows or hens, and little

or no outlay for buildings. The old

geese do well in all Weathers with

nothing in the way of shelter but a

shed to run under, and usually they

disdain this. They do best on wet or

marshy land, where hens and turkeys

would die. They are, however, very

different from other fowls, and unless

their nature is understood and their

requirements met they are the least

profitable of all feathered stock. The

desirability of extending a knowledge

of the best methods of geese raising

as well as making experiments that

will throw more light on the subject,

is evident.



Good Crosses.



The Embden-White China breed are

the easiest to pick, are white when

dressed, and, though small, are plump

and present an attractive market ap-

pearance. The Embden~African are

also easy to pick and are large and

plump. The White China, though the

weakest and smallest of all varieties,

when mated with Embden ganders,

produce vigorous, quick-maturing gos-

lings. which are plump and solid when

dressed. The Embden-Toulouse is re-





 





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garded as the. most satisfactory cross

for large geese for the Christmas and

New Year’s trade. Pure African and

Embden crosses grow best early in

the season and should be marketed

early. Pure-bred China, African-Tou-

louse, and African-Brown China should

be dressed before fall, in order that

they may be easy to pick. White

plumaged Embden and \Vhite crosses

may be picked easily and later than

other breeds.



Old geese lay a greater number of

larger eggs and are more reliable than

young geese. Nevertheless, if geese

be purchased it, often saves time. to

buy young geese rather than to at:-

tempt to secure any number of old

ones. Young ganders are better for

breeding than young geese. Young

geese do not lay as many fertile eggs

or produce as many goslings the first

breeding season as they do the sec-

ond. If geese are often changed from

one place to another they are apt to

not breed well, and the other condi-

tions being equal they breed better

the third season they are in a locality

than the second season.



Getting Good Results in Breeding.



In order to insure the best results,

geese for breeding should be obtained

as early in the fall as'possible, not lat—

er than October. They thus have an

fopportunity to become acquainted with

their new surroundings before the

breeding season. Breeding geese

should have considerable exercise and

be kept moderately thin in flesh, all

through the winter by light feeding

and a free. range or facilities for swim—

ming. The best ganders for breeding

purposes are African and Brown Chi-

na. The Toulouse geese lay well, but

often fail to sit. The Embden geese

lay fewer eggs, but make better moth-

ers. Brown and White China breeds

are prolific layers. Geese are great

grarers, and too much grain is not

good for them. To insure fertile eggs

they should have an abundance of

green food and have access to a pond





 





 





prize-winning atches—



Also my $1300.00

acid on».



Conditions easy to re-



cewe b1. asst Ipail. .,

am _ow paid one



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another sgohmany from

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IIGL I COMPANY. X 0.1. IPRINOPIILD. lLLINOII





 





 





 





 





 





or other body of water. If this is not

possible, a tub of water set level with

the surface of the ground may be sub-

stituted.



Very early laying is not desirable,

since the goslings do not thrive unless

they have an abundance of grass. For

the first two or three days they should

be given nothing except grass and wa-





JAN. 29, 1916. .





Raising Geese for Profit





ter. ,Later a light feed of scalded

cracked corn should be given in addi-

tion three times a day. The goslings

are liable to be overcome by the heat,

and should always have some place of

retreat where they may escape the

sun’s rays.





New York. EARL W. GAGE.





 





COMMON DISEASES OF THE

DIGESTIVE TRACT.





Crop bound is generally caused by

the lower opening into the gullet be-

coming clogged by straw, hay, grass,

feathers or coarse foreign substances.

Sometimes it. is caused by paralyza-

tion of the muscles controlling the

crop. Perhaps one of the most import.

ant causes is indigestion. Do not ov-

er-feed. Make the hens exercise, and

fed plenty of coarse, sharp grit. If

the compaction is due to paralyzation

and an over supply of grain, a cure

can generally be brought about by giv-

ing the bird 3. tablespoonful of castor

oil, then massaging the crop and work-

ing part of the contents back out

through the mouth. If the compaction

is due to clogging of the opening into

the lower part of the gullet, or the

crop is very much distended by a

large amount of coarse, dry material,

it usually is necessary to make an inch

incision into the crop, and then re-

move the obstruction at the opening

into the gullet. Wash out the crop,

and with common or silk thread sew

up the crop, and then the skin.

soft feed the first few days. This dis-

ease is not contagious.



Crop Inflammation.



Inflammation of the Crop: Quite fre-

quently fowls are noticed walking

about in a droopy and listless way,

with a rather distended crop. Upon

catching the bird, and feeling the crop

it. is noticed that the contents are very

soft. A massaging of the crop quite

frequently causes a sour mucous to

run out of the bird’s mouth. This is

due to a sour crop brought about by

inflammation of the glands which line

the walls of the crop and secret saliva.

Generally the crop is partly filled with

a liquid or gas. This, being mixed

with the feed, gives the contents a

soft feeling.



it is generally caused by eating

spoiled or poisonous foods. Quite of-

ten it is caused by over-eating of very

fibrous feeds, like ground oats and

other coarse mill products. Or it may

be caused by eating anything which

disagrees with the bird.



Remove the cause. Feed more reg-

ularly. When changing from one ra-

tion to another do it very gradually.

Make the bird exercise and make sure

that all feed is wholesome and sweet.

Feed no heated, decayed or rotten

feeds. Feed nothing you would hesi-

tate to eat (as far as purity goes),

and increase the feeding of charcoal

and grit.



Treatment for Inflammation of Crop.



To cure the affected individual, give

a tablespoonful of castor oil and mas-

sage the crop, then holding the bird

with head down and mouth open, gent-

ly and gradually work the contents out

by way of the mouth. Next give the

bird two or three tablespoonfuls of

warm water, massage the crop and

then work this back out again by way

of the mouth. ' Then give another ta-

blespoonful of castor oil. Don’t feed

for 24 hours, and then feed sparingly

of easily digested and wholesome feeds.

Give plenty of charcoal.



This disease is quite frequent in

small chicks, in which it may be the

result of any of the above causes, or

chilling, over-heating or over-eating.



Compaction of the Glandular Stom-

ach. This is quite often found in

small chicks, the stomach being liter-

ally' packed with fine hair and coarse

dry grass. Sift all beef scrap to re-

move these hairs, and keep chicks

away from the coarse dry grass. Feed

plenty of green feed, and the tendency





Feed .





« «nee: . my” W m sir-sew new. “MW ' H ofi‘ a... -





 





. Mm:





be» ... .. 4
vars.” ‘,





em





\ we “wit?





4?” Hummus 'v.‘ A "a; ,_





 





 





' ’ 111m; 29, 1916.





0"





,to eat'too much of'coarse, dry grass





will be lessened. Gives. half teaspoon-





ful of castor oil. Provide plenty of _

, the place of her summer ration on the-





charcoal and grit.





Texas. F. W. KAZMEIER.





 





EARLY CHICKS FOR WINTER

‘ LAYERS.





 





Records show that the first year of

a pullet’s laying is the period when

she returns the greatest per cent of

profit upon her keep. From this it is

easy to see that the poultryman who

succeeds in bringing his pullets to the

laying stage as early in life as possible

is the one who will get the best re-

sults. Early chicks and the prOper

care in bringing them up are things

necessary to secure this.



An incubator is very useful in this

sort of work, as the first chicks

should be hatched out not later than

February 15 and it is not usual to have

many broody hens at that season of

the year. Some object to such early

chicks, claiming that they are too hard

to rear in the extremely cold weather

of that season but, if proper quarters

are provided, we think that better re-

sults are obtained than from the ones

hatched during the changeable weath-

er of the later months. Chicks that

are hatched after the first of May can

never be developed into early layers.



Early chicks and good quarters are

not all that is necessary to secure

early laying pullets, however. A prop-

erly balanced ration with a systematic

plan of feeding are other requirements.

Begin the feeding with a nourishing

ration that will promote development

of frame and growth rather than the

putting on of fat. Where the, chicks

are made over-fat the time of their

reaching maturity is likely to be great-

ly delayed.



If the pallets have been properly

fed and cared for by the time that

they are seven months of age some of

them should begin laying and within

a few weeks the flock should be pro—

ducing enough eggs to pay their daily

keep. By this time their rations

should‘ have undergone a radical

change." Previously a ration that aim—

ed at development of the body was

given but that is no longer necessary

and we should now be giving food that

is rich in the elements necessary for

egg production.



By using the proper system it is pos-

sible to have the pullets laying well

early in the fall while summer condi-

tions are yet present to some extent.

This early start will have a great deal

to do with the results secured during

the winter months. We have in mind

a flock of 16 pullets that during the

months of December and January

laid 600 eggs that sold at an average

price of 25 cents per dozen. It prob-

ably cost no more than five cents per

dozen to produce these eggs and the

profit was certainly great enough to

satisfy the most greedy. This is sure-

ly proof that work with pullets that in-

sures their development into winter

layers is profitable. The work must

be begun, however, during the early

months of the year.



Ohio. SHERLEY CONXELL.





PRACTICAL POULTRY HINTS.





Do not speak of your poultry flock

as “Thoroughbred,” as you doubtless

mean “Pure-bred." Thoroughbred re-

fers to the breed of well developed

horses commonly known by that name

and the term is incorrectly used in de-

scribing a breed of poultry. Thorough-

bred is a breed name, the same as

Plymouth Rock, Holstein, Toulouse,

etc.



A menu of oat meal in the morning

and corn meal mush at night would

soon put a working man in the hospi-

tal. Even the best of food must be

spiced up by variety and it takes a re-

markable‘ appetite to cling to one or

two articles of food for any length of

time. How about the hen in winter?

The weight of the winter egg basket

is largely determined by the variety of





V'rHET. ,MIC‘HIGAN'FARMER





food furnished the hen. She is unable





to select her own ration in winter and '





one or two kinds of grain do not take





range.



Plenty of straw or dry leaves must

be available for the scratching shed or

laying house during the winter. The

hen must exercise and scratching is

her only form of gymnastics. Make

her scratch. The hen that sits on the

roost all day seldom sits on the nest.



Keep the hoppers well filled with

grit, oyster shells, and charcoal. On

cold windy days the birds frequently

receive set-backs which make them

non-producers until spring. Avoid this

trouble by keeping the laying-house

well supplied with the hen’s necessi-

ties of life.



Crowding on the perches is a fre-

quent cause of over-heating and this is

followed by a sudden chill when leav-

ing the roosts on a cold winter morn-

ing. Some breeders drive spikes in

the roosts about six inches apart and

this compels every bird to occupy the

right amount of space and no more.



A chicken crook is a handy imple-

ment in the poultry yard. You can

make one from a stiff piece of wire

bent into a crook at the end with a

pair of pliers. When examining a bird

for lice in the day time or catching

birds for examination by other breed-

ers the crook will save considerable

disturbance caused by chasing and

grabbing among the birds. One quick

Iunge at the bird with the crook and

you have it securely caught by the leg

without any injury.



Cull the flock thoroughly. One poor

sickly looking hen may pull through

the winter and lay just enough eggs

next spring to enable you to hatch out

six or eight birds lacking in vitality.

These birds will never thrive and may

be the. means of transmitting disease

to healthy members; of the flock. You

can possibly afford to keep culls if you

are expecting to get out of the busi-

ness in less than a year and stay out.

Otherwise you must cull, and do it

right.



Ingham Co. , R. G. KIRBY.





DUST BATH MATERIAL.





 





- Do you think the lime dust from a

limestone road, mixed with some fine

road dust, would make a good dust

bath for the chickens to bathe them-

selves, or would the lime in some way

hurt the hens? I have a cock which

appears to be all right and eats well,

but hlS comb is not of a nice rich red.

It is more of a wine color. What do

you think is the matter with him. I

want to use him in my breeding pen

this year if possible.



Branch Co. W. B.



The limestone dust bath will be all

right for dust-box use. It cannot have

any bad effects as the lime is not in

the caustic or burned lime form, which

might have some evil effects. When

mixed with some good road dust this

material should make a very good dust

box material.

a slight attack of liver trouble or if

diarrhea is also present, the trouble





 





 





Your rooster may have,





i

l





i





may be a slight attack of enteritisu‘





The male birds are more inclined to

sit around when confined in winter

than the hens and not standing confine-

ment as well they become more sus-

ceptible to disease. It is quite essen«

tial to the health of the flock that it

is made to work for its living in

the winter time. This can best be

done by feeding all the grains in deep

litter. Are you sure that the cocks

comb has never been frosted? This

may be the cause of the discoloration.

If the bird appears to be in full vigor

it will be all right to use him for

breeding purposes, but if there are

any indications of lack in this way it

would be best to use some other bird.





 





It is a good plan to have plenty of

fine loam in a dry place to be used

for filling the dust baths during the

winter.



Although salt will sometimes kill

fowls and chicks if placed 'where they

can get at it, a little salt in the mash

is an advantage.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





23—143





'“





 

 

 

 

 





O Q





 

 





.7

mm yams





HIS was what OldTrusty

Incubator did for Bessre

Warren of Tryon, Neb. Pretty



good record don’t you think? And when

you consider that you can get Old Trusty

for less than 510. it’s a pretty low cost

per year of service. Back of





Old Trusty





there’s ZOyears of Johnson “knowhow”



plus the experience of about 650,000

satisfied owners. Hundreds of thou—

sands of more owners than any

other. Makes big hatches easyin cold

est weather.





Write for This Free

l36—Pagcllook



and let me tell you why chicken

profits come so easy with Old

Trusty. Still less than $10. freight





4—mii‘fi‘ ‘ ' .. , paid east of Rockies—a. little more

1' ‘ farther west. Ignite today.





‘2C/

’. mpg-3430““ 5‘ H.JOHNSON





0. M. M. Johnson Co.

Eli n.fl_J0rlg§§g§ C Clay Center. Neb.

we?! :2:





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





—¢





   





 

 

 





 





Wisconanins In Big Hatching

' ' OT? Contestsfili.”





Wisconsin Incubators have

long proved their wonderful

hatching qualities. Compet~

ing With every make known.

they won in the five_ big an- I

nual National Hatching Con-



tests. Think of it. F we can- I

secutive victories. That cer- .

tainly proves you can’t make



a mistake. Shipped on .





30 Da ’FREE Trial I

MONEY '





I For only $10youcan

I get these two prize .

Winning machines

I delivered. freight l ;

east of the Roe-lea. . .

You take no nsk— 1

none back I! not I

I qua . You can ':

direct from this ad. Ask

- the publisher about no.





Both





   

 





 

   





   

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





 

   





 

 

 

   

 

 





 





Machines a ' - a

Freight Paid for Only . . , . , 1325! [$331. -

3 We also furnish m a? Incubatorsiz I -.'f I. ‘0“ SATISFIED I

ammonium mum” . . . ,~ ~— I

I Wisconsins have hot water ‘ - > -— — ~ New---“ ’ m 1% Gag-RYAENITREE :





I beat, double walls, double glass doors. copper

I tanks and boilers, self-regulating. Nursery under egg tray. Made of lineal. select. I

- clear CALIFORNIA REDWOOD, not pine, paper or other flimsy material. Incubator fin- I

. ished in natural color—not painted to cover up cheap, shoddy material. Incubator and Brooder .

shipped complete With thermometers, egg tester, lamps. everything but the oil. This is the ha

I outfit you can buy. If you don't find it satisfactory after 30 days’ tnal. send it back. Don't .

I buy until you fie: our new 1916 catalog, fully describing this prize Winning outfit. WRITE

FOR IT TOD Y. You can't make a mistake in buying a Wisconsm. 0n the market 15 years. .

I WISCONSIN INOUBA‘I’OR COMPANY, 3. Box I06 Racine, Wis. I





Wins in the Two





_ Why take chances with untried machines when for only

>010 we guarantee to deliver safely. on Freight charges paid

e (East of Rockies) BOTH of these big prize winning my



chines (all: equipped. not up ready for use? Why not

own on Ironclad —the incubator that has for two

years in succession won in the greatest hatching

contests ever held. In the last contest conducted by

Missouri Valley farmer and Nebraska. Farm Journal.



machines were entered. including practically every

make. style and price. With 140 egg Ironclad—tho

same machine we oil’er with. Brooder, freight paid. for

only '10. Mrs. C. F. Herrick. Lockney. Tens, hatched 148



chicks from 118 eggs in the last contest.





30 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL

Money back it not satisfied.





cheaply construc- Guarani”

ted machines Ironclads are not

co with cheap tin or other

thin metal and painted like some





6 to ual‘ ‘

rmiamaiszsnsémrm W

wwcnnoeeexacywt ‘.Don’

incubator until you I&wef§"§ mode .of

Note those Ironclad ceifunfio . ‘ '

wood, triple walls. 3am ' ‘ crating. [Argon

’b at. cog“: m - V: -

in! an . goo _ gl- door and ‘

the: spec adv taxes ulb‘ explained In Free Catalog. WI‘IQO” INDAY m of“ direct from thin advertisement.





GLAD INOUBATOR COMPANY Boxll7 RACINE WIS.





a???" runny





freight Paid





last of Rockie





 





 





 

 





II has





an- get our 1916 Incubator «

Book FREE and tpaid.

> Shows why Promo to In-

cub-tor.





and AImnaofor 1916 hum with

manyoolonfl Mo! towlohuetolih. “tells

all about chickens. their prion. Nich- cuo. di-

senses and remedies. Allabouolmhmthei:

pace- nnd their operation. All about poultry





“hatch most «a;

' ' : hon-cl and how toboild them. It's anomalo-





 





f' on you: Diseases. an ' ' loot chickend . Y it. o I nae.

Cum hatchmgan rearing. Ede. BIOBNAII‘NT Mon gen! “0092!; "5





 





 





' IO‘I'A‘I’I “mm“

-~"-‘-- -"«»~ 1;... BI? {"PUE POIETLTIgY gOIlllfDNAlL—tfie Practiclal

— on ry aper or me ma 0 t _ aisers; on y

5‘ B'Em'mmgm‘ikensvgm’gflv haperdevoted exclusively to the polizltrr‘y interests 0

Geaeand “1' eye. gm}? liners, Indiana. Michigan and Wisconsin. It's



Wu rflaedgTOWgBtlnd mfitm - YOUR Xaperti‘you should read it. Bright.8nap 3'. Li



ow sagas an ncu -a2i’r;e:rs ow; arse iPEGI 113.01? Elli-$6 mos. TrialSuheorlption go. So

who Ammudeoulfl'ym. hand Gamma: , amps. in Four oultn Journal, Deskm. Cm

mu. uzuhznr. Box 692 mama. Minn. Mention Michigan Farmer when wrltlng to adverflsm





.1; ‘
' 1144—24 ,





@lflfllllllIlllllllllillIlllllllllllilll|lll|IIlll|illllill|IlllllillllIllIIllllllllllllllIlllIllllllllllllllilllllllla





Markets.





llIlllllllilllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllIllllIllIllllll|IllIIlllllllllllIllllIlllflllllllllllllflfllllllillllg

GRAINS AND SEEDS.





January 25, 1916.



Wheat—Export buying by private

concerns and government agents, car-

ried prices to higher levels last week.

Attempts of European countries to pur-

chase supplies outside of the United

States has evidently failed, and now

that their agents are active here, the

bulls find it possible to keep values up

and advance them. The visible sup-

ply of wheat in bond, together decreas-

ed nearly two and one-half million

bushels, and despite the fact that pri-

mary receipts aggregated nearly two

and a half million bushels, or over a

million bushels more than for the cor-

responding period a year ago. Weath-

er conditions also threaten the grow-

ing crop, fields over a greater part of

the country being exposed. One year

ago No. 2 wheat was quoted locally at





lei”





llllllllllllllllllllllll





%





$14534 per bushel. Last week’s De-

troit prices were:



No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. May.

Wednesday .... .1.30‘,«é 1.251/2 1.351/2

Thursday ...... 1.30%; 1.25%, 1.35

Friday ......... 1.33 1.28 1.37%,

Saturday ....... 1331/2 1281/2 1.38

Monday ........ 1331/2 1.28% 1.38

Tuesday . . . . .1.351/H> 1.301/2 1.40



Chicago—May wheat $1.36; July



$1.261Ag.





Corn—Economy in feeding and good

supplies at primary elevators have

forced a slight decline in corn values.

The bulk of farmers’ holdings is just

becoming available for marketing, and

fairly liberal deliveries are being

made. The visible supply shows an in-

crease of 1,125,000 bushels. Eastern

interest in the deal is easy. One year

ago No. 3 corn was quoted at 741/20 per





bushel. Detroit’s last week’s quota-

tions were:



No. 3 No. 3



Mixed. Yellow.

Wednesday ......... 75 761/3

Thursday ........... 741/3 6

Friday ............. 741/2 76

Saturday ............ 741/2, 76

Monday ............. 74 751/2

Tuesday 741/2 76





Chicago—May as. 79c; July 79.2c.

Oats—Export sales of oats have

given the trade support and helped to

advance prices. Stocks are decreas-

ing. Domestic demand is active and





general. One year ago standard oats

were quoted at 560 per bushel. Last

week’s local quotations were:

No.3



Standard. White.

Wednesday ......... 53 511/2

Thursday ........... 531/2 52

Friday .............. 53% 52

Saturday ............ 54 521/2

Monday ....... . . :.. . 54 52%,

Tuesday 54%, 53

49(éhicago.——May oats 53.40; July



. c.





Rye.—High-er at $1 per bushel for

cash No. 2. Demand good.



Beans—Steady with offerings light

and demand strong. Immediate, prompt

and February shipment quoted at De-

troit at $3.70 per bushel. At Chicago

market continues to advance with pea

beans, hand-cicked Michigan stock

quoted at $4.15@4.25; prime do $3.85

@395; red kidneys $4.90@5.25.



Barley.——At Milwaukee barley ad-

vanced to 73@80c, and at Chicago to

67@8OC per bushel.





Clover Seed.—Higher at $12 for

prime spot; March $11.90; prime al-

sike $10.25.





Timothy Seed—Steady at $3.80 for

prime spot.



Field Peas—At Chicago the market

is slow at $2.35@2.60 per bushel, With

sacks included.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





Flour.—Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best

patent $6.80; seconds $6.50; straight

$6; spring patent $7.10; rye flour $5.90.



Feed.—In 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $24; standard middlings

$25; fine middlings $30; cracked corn

$33; corn and oat chop $29 per ton.



Hay.—No. 1 timothy $18@18.50 per

ton; standard timothy $17@17.50; light

mixed $17@17.50; No. 1 mixed $14@

15; No. 2 mixed $10@12; No. 1 clover

$10@12.



Chicago—Easier. Choice timothy

$18@18.50; No. 1 do $15.50@16.50; No.

2 do $13.50@14.50.



Straw—Wheat and oat straw $6.50

@7; rye straw $7.50@8 per ton.





 





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





Butter.—The market remains firm

and prices are. unchanged. Extra

creamery 310; firsts 29c; dairy 21c;

packing stock 190.





 





 

 





T H E M I C H I G A

Chicago—There is just enough busi-

ness to keep supplies from accumulat-

ing. The market is quotable steady

at last week’s prices. Extra creamery

301/20; extra firsts 28@290; firsts 25@

270; extra dairies 300; packing stock

19@191/2c.



Elgin.—Trade has been quiet. Fancy

goods are scarce but the demand for

medium grades which have accumu-

lated is increasing. Price remains un—

changed, the quotation being 310.



Eggs—Mild weather brought in-

creased supplies and consequently

lower prices. Current receipts are

quoted at 27c; candled firsts 280.



Chicago—Increased receipts caused

a drop of about 5c in prices. Mild

weather is cause of decline. Refrig-

erator stock is freely offered but in lit-

tle demand. Firsts 270; ordinary

firsts 260; miscellaneous lots, cases

included 24@27c; refrigerator stock 15

@18c, depending on quality.



Poultry.—The market is firm and

offerings are not large. No change in

prices except turkeys, which are 10

higher. Turkeys 16@17c; spring tur-

keys 21@220; fowls 10@16%c, accord-

ing to quality; spring chickens 15@

161/2c; ducks 17@18c; geese 16@161/20.



Chicago—Little change in the mar-

ket. Turkeys received are of poor

quality. Staggy young chickens will

be discriminated against hereafter.

Turkeys, young and old 12@180; fowls

12@15c; springs 141/20; ducks 17c;

geese 10@131/20.





FRUITS—AND VEGE—fiBLES. ,





Apples—There is no change, the

market being quiet. Greenings at $2.50

@350; Spys $3.50@4; Baldwins $2.50

@350; Steel Red $4.50@5. At Chicago

business is fair and supply is good.

Prices are slightly higher for some va-

rieties. No. 1 Greenings $2.50@2.75

per bbl; Jonathans, No. 1, $3@3.50;

Baldwins $2.75@3.25; Wageners $2.25

@275; Spys $2@3.75.



Potatoes—Are firm and in good de-

mand. Prices are 50 higher. Carlots

on track, white $1.05@1.15; red $1.05

@110 per bushel. At Chicago the de-

mand was slower than usual as buy-

ers are seeking lower prices on ac-

count of mild weather. Prices are

about 50 lower. Fancy Michigan Rur-

als sold for $1@ 1.05 per bushel. Oth-

er prices range from 900@$1.05. At

Greenville the farmers are being paid

85@88c per bushel.





 





 





 





WOOL AND HIDES.





Wool—Outlook is bright. for those

having supplies. Manufacturers are

obliged to purchase material at prices

set by the sellers. Sales at Boston

last week amounted to seven million

pounds. Shipping conditions in the

southern hemisphere and an embargo

on New Zealand wools are making

stronger markets in this country. Ter—

ritories are most in demand, although

fleeces are receiving considerable in-

quiry.



Hides—No. 1 cured 161/2c; No. 1

green 14c; No. 1 cured bulls 13c; No.

1 green bulls 100; No. 1 cured calf

210; No. 1 green calf 200; No. 1 horse-

hides $4.50; No. 2 horsehides $3.50;

Zingepskins, as to amount of wool, 500





 





 





GRAND RAPIDS.





Two Kent county growers sold five

cars of apples January 21 at prices

materially lower—about half it is stat-

ed~than the figures they were held at

last fall. There has been no general

break however, in the apple market,

though the situation is not very en-

couraging at present for growers with

stock in storage. An easier feeling is

reported in potatoes, with the going

market price around 85@900. New

white pea beans are quoted at $3.40;

red kidneys at $4.40 to farmers. Poul-

try is higher, with the quotations for

fowls at 14@160 live weight. Hay is

bringing $14@17 on the city market.

Grain prices are as follows: Wheat,

No. 2 red, $1.23; rye 85c; oats 420;

buckwheat 70@80c; corn 720.





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.



Supplies were more plentiful Tues-

day morning, which resulted in slower

sales, especially for apples; the price

range was 75c@$1.40 per bushel. po-

tatoes 750 for inferior to $1.25 for a

fair grade; cabbage 70@750; parsnips

65c; onions $1.10@1.25; carrots 65@

700; eggs 38@40c; pork $10 per cwt;

chickens 160 per 1b live; loose hay

moving slowly with prices around $20

per ton.





LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo.

January 24, 1916.

(Special Report of Dunning and Stev-

ens, New York Central Stock

Yards, Buffalo, N. Y.)

Receipts of stock here today: Cattle

175 cars; hogs 115 d. d.; sheep and





 





 





 





 





lambs 45 d. d.; calves 900 head.





N EAR MFR " ' 1





With 175, cars of cattle on our mar-

ket here today trade was in a demor-

alized condition and the bulk of the

cattle s’old 25c lower, and .in some cas-

es as much as 35c lower. They had

25,000 cattle in Chicago today and

Swift used that as a hammer on our

market here, and in fact they Were the

only big packers that were in the mar-

ket; so you can see it was impossible

to get any action on shipping cattle

when we only had one man to bid on

them. We look for a fair run of cattle

next week and a very slow mafixet.



Receipts of hogs were somewhat

lighter than expected and with good

demand all grades sold 15@20c higher

than Saturday’s close. All good grades

around $7.80; pigs and lights $7.25@

7.50; roughs generally $6.75; stags $5

@550. Everything sold at the close

and market looks quite good for the

balance of the week.



The sheep and lamb market was ac-





tive today and prices 250 higher than .





the close of last week. All sold and

we look for lower prices balance of

the week.



We quote: Lambs $11.50@11.60;

cull to fair $8@11.25; yearlings $8.50

@1050; bucks $4.50@6.25; handy





ewes $7.75@8; heavy do $7.25@7.75; 5!





wethers $8@8.50; cull sheep $4.50@





6; veals, good to choice $12@12.25;'





common to fair $8@11; heavy $6@9.





 





Chicago.

January 24, 1916.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Receipts today..23,000 70,000 18,000

Same day 1915..17,154 48,354 15,095

Last week. . . ., .59,562 282,029 88,851

Same wk 1915..42,354 197,934 61,956



Shipments of cattle here last week

were: Cattle 11,714; hogs 53,106, an

sheep 17,451, comparing with 10,61

cattle. 52,255 hogs and 17,248 sheep

a week earlier, and 10,354 cattle, 39,863

hogs and 3,862 sheep a year ago. Hogs

received here averaged 194 lbs.



Cattle open steady to a dime lower

today, while hogs are a little higher,

selling at $7.05@7.70. Sheep and lambs

open with bids a little lower.



Cattle were in active demand early

this week. Steers received during the

week went chiefly at a range of $7.50

@9, with the best class of heavy

steers purchased at $9@9.85, but only

two or three sales were made above

$9.65. Cattle that classed as good sold

at $8.50 and over, whilé medium grade

cattle brought $7.75@8.45, warmed-up

steers $7@7.70 and stalk-fed steers

$5.60@6.95. There were no prime

yearlings, and the best of these steers

offered went at $9.25@9.50. Butchering

cows and heifers had an outlet at

$4.80@8.50, the best cows selling at

$7@7.50, while cutters went at $4.15@

4.75, canners at $3@4.10 and bulls at

$4.75@7.10. Calves were good sellers

on the basis of $4.50@11 per 100 lbs.

for coarse heavy to prime light veal—

ers, with shippers buying the better

class of heavy calves at $7.50@9.

While cold weather made the sale of

beef throughout the country much

larger, it is still obvious that any re-

turn to fairly large cattle receipts con-

tinuously cannot fail to cause a weak—

ening of prices, prime cattle excepted.

It was very largely last week a case of

too many.$7@7.75 cattle, eastern buy-

ing orders falling off as the week ad-

vanced, leaving more offered than

could be disposed of pramptly. Sales

of the $8@9 class were animated most

of the time, and above the $9 line

strength was manifested constantly,

as few steers of this class were offer-

ed. The market closed Saturday in

bad shape, the week’s receipts being

the largest since early in December.



Hogs were boomed last week to the

highest prices recorded since last Oc-

tober on lively local and shipping buy-

ing, the liberal receipts being readily

taken. Even on Monday there was a

large advance in prices, notwithstand-

ing the run of 69,395 hogs, and later in

the week prime. hogs brought $7.75,

followed by a subsequent sharp de-

cline in values. The shipping outlet

was large at times and exerted a

marked influence on prices for such





grades of heavy and light hogs as east- '





ern packers are in the habit of buy-

ing in the Chicago market. Premiums

were paid for choice heavy shipping

barrows. Recent receipts averaged,

104 lbs, comparing with 191 lbs. a

week earlier, 225 lbs. a year ago and

217 lbs. two years ago. Hogs sold

much higher than in recent years, 1914

excepted. After a drop to $7.50 for

best hogs, there was a sharp advance

Saturday on small receipts caused by

the floods, and sales were made of the

best lots at $7.50@7.65, with rumors

of $7.671/2 and $7.70 being paid. Sales

ranged all the way down to $6.85@7

for ordinary light hogs, pigs fetching

$5@6.70. Light shipping hogs brought

$7.271/2.@7.35 and the best heavy ships

ping hogs $7.50@7.65. A week earlier

hogs brought $6.45@7.30.



Lambs, yearlings, wethers and ewes

continued to shoot upward last week,

with further new high records for mid-

winter, advances in prices being ex-

tremely large. It was again a case of





u





i 1 JAN. 29, 1916.





large buying orders, with nowhere

near enough to go around, Monday re-

ceipts of only 24,791 head being follow-

ed by meager supplies. Fed western

lambs comprised most of the daily of-

ferings, nearly all of them prime in

quality. Advances amounted to 10@

25c for good lambs, 35@50c for year-

lings and wethers and 40@65c for

good ewes. Lambs sold at $8@11.15,

yearlings at $8.25@9.80, wethers at

$7.25@8.35, ewes at $4.75@8.25 and

bucks at $5.50@6.50.



Horses were in the usual supply and

demand last week at unchanged prices

with the principal trading in army

horses. The poorer horses sold around

$60@100 and the choicer class of draft-

ers on the basis of $240@285, with wag-

oners at $150@200. Light weight draft-

ers were salable at $200@235.





 





 

 

 





 

 

   





..-. --.:

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Illilill“linguist

‘||l|lllllllllllllllgllllilll



mmimmmuiiiii.

|||llllllllllllllllillllll?‘ - ,

ililllllllll‘llllllilliliiil :





 

 





 

   

 

 





 

 

 





 

 





 





THE INDEPENDENT

,SILO is a mOney maker

for you. It saves the corn

from the tassels to the

roots. 40% of the feeding

value is in the corn stalk.

Save it. Get a independent.

Constructed of best fir .

staves. Finished workman-

ship. Dependable Anchoring

System. Shipped on approval.»





Write for free catalog.





INDEPENDENT. 811011).





I i ereity Ave.. St Paul linn.

5361.10].1 5. F. Bldg" Indianapolis. Ind.





   

   

   





   

   

   

 





 

   

   





 





 





HIGHEST PRICES

For Farm Products





demand judicious use and economy In the purchase of

fertilizers. The war has cut off the sup Iy of potash.

Phosphorus is required for all soils. A l beral applica-

tion of acid phosphate this year will pay big dividends.

Nitrate of soda not only supplies nitrogen, 11 absolutely

the best form, but also releases potash in the soil, other-

wise unvailablc.





Don’t Neglect Your Land





The prospects are too good. Buy only the fertilizing

elements you need don’t pay freight. on useless fillers.

M ix the fertilizers yourself—save factory charges too.It.'s

the economical way, approved by all the authorities.



Acid phosphate, nitrate of soda. tankage, bone, etc.

in proper mixtures and combinations wil boost your

crops. We can ship promptly in small or car lots from

Krinciple points. Order early, there is indication of



igher prices.



Get. our free book on Home Mixing, with Fertilizer

Formulas and our prices on all fertilizer materials.

-Also guaranteed inoculating bacteria for all legumes.



Nitrate Agencxes Company

45! Central Punk Bldg Columbus. Ohio





Dom WASTE pun FERTILIZER





Don’t waste your lime or fertilizer. A pply it

evenly and economically with the most com-

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The Guarantee Spreader

Fully e nipped with patented shifting clutch

operate from seat and spreading attachment

that. spreads even] or cows in rows. Simply

constructed and w ll last a lifetime.





The Guarantee Mfg. Co.

Dept. B 50.

Baltimore, Md.





 





 





   

   

   

   

   

 





 





 

 





We Pay

Freight





' ELAN 1)



STRAIGHT LINE

_ Big timbers or small irregular-shaped logs

it’s all the same to an Ireland. Saws in any

lengths Without leaving lever. No turning for

last cut. Durable. compact, simple. no vibra-

tion. Many advantages over other straight

line sawmg rigs. Write for convincing circu-

lars. Also details on our wood saw machines.

isawtand shmgie mills, canvas belting and

1015 s.





' ireland Machine 8: Foundr C0, '

33 State St. Norwich. . Y.

PLEASE RENEW EARLY

If your date tab shows Feb. 6

or Feb. [6 it means this is your

last issue. An early renewal will





save us trouble and you a. pos-

sible annoyance.





 





 





 





 





at:





 





 





 





wane“; .. . .wmazau Y. r“ fauna
J':.'Tn.’m« . .mfihvu Y. :M f‘.M.





 





 





 





   





I, JAN29. 1916. ,i





THII‘ IS THE FIRST EDZTIONa





 





The first editiOn is sent to those who '





have not e res‘sed a desire for the

latest marke s. The late market edi-

tion will be sent on request at any

time.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKET.





Thursda 8 Market.

Tanuary 20, 1916.

Cattle..'



Receipts 2042. The run in all de-

partments at the local stock yards was

considerably below that of a week ago

and everything was yarded and sold

much earlier than usual, the only

stragglers being late trains off. the

Pere Marquette.



In the cattle division the trade was

active and prices averaged full steady

with last week on all grades, nearly

everything going to the local butchers.

Farmers after stockers and feeders

were scarce, although some good light

stuff could have been picked up at

prices that would pay for feeding.



The milch cow trade was dull, es-

pecially so on those of the common or-

der, which are selling at $35@50.



Prices paid averaged as follows:

Bes heavy steers $7.25@7.60; best

handy weight butcher steers $6.50@7;

mixed steers and heifers $6@6:50;

handy light butchers $5@5.75; light

butchers $4.75@5.25; best cows $5.50

$6; butcher cows $4.50@5.25; com-

mon cows $3.50@4; canners $2.75@

3.25; best heavy bulls $5.50@5.75; bo-

logna bulls $5@5.25; stock bulls $4.50

@5; feeders $6@7; stockers $5@6;

milkers and springers $40@80.



Roe Com. Co. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 6 cows av 875 at $3.60; to Bresna-

ban 6 heifers av 591 at $4.75; to

Thompson Bros. 4 steers av 802 at $6,

12 do av 876 at $6.60, 2 cows av 1090

at $5.50, 2 do av 900 at $4.25, 2 steers

av 875 at $6.25, 1 cow wgh 920 at $4.25;

to Kamman B. Co. 1 steer wgh 1090 at

$6; to Thompson Bros. 4 do av 817 at

$6.75, 3 do av 1073 at $7.10, 1 bull wgh

1320 at $5.75, 2 cows av 1010 at $4.50.



Haley 8r. M. sold Golden 1 cow wgh

760 at $4.25, 6 butchers av 850 at $5.25;

to Thompson Bros. 1 steer wgh 1200 at

$7.60, 2 do av 920 at $6.85; to Stein-

berg 3 butchers av 503 at $5.25; to

Kamman B. Co. 4 do av 1002 at $6.50,

2 steers av 1010 at $6.60; to Breiten—

beck 13 cows av 1060 at $5; to Mason

B. Co. 14 butchers av 684 at $5.55, 4

bulls av 1192 at $5.40; to Hoflfend 4

butchers av 692 at $5; to Kamman B.

Co. 4 steers av 950 at $6.65; to Bray

1 cow wgh 1060 at $3.80; to Newton B.

Co. 2 do av 1170 at $5.25, 6 do av 861

at $3.75, 9 do av 882 at $5.75, 1 bull

wgh 1910 at $6; to Remmick 1 do wgh

1150 at $5.50, 8 steers av 1154 at $7.10,

2 cows av 1088 at $5; to Breitenbeck

2 cows av 1110 at $5.60, 10 steers

av 857 at $6.50; to Klepler 2 cows av





1112 at $5.

Veal Calves.

Receipts 653. ‘ The veal calf trade





 





.was dull and averaged about'50c lower





than that of a week ago. A few ex-

tra fancy brought $11.50 but the bulk

of sales was at $10@11 for the good

grades and $7@9.50 for medium and

heavy grades.



Sandel, S., B. & G. sold Kull 9 av

140 at $10.50, 1 wgh 120 at $10.50, 1

wgh 130 at $8; to Sullivan P. Co. 3 av

165 at $11; to Burnstine 2 av 105 at

$8, 1 wgh ’170 at $10.50, 5 av 165 at

$8.50, 3 av 175 at $9.50; to Nagle P.

Co. 5 av 140 at $11, 3 av 125 at $9, 5

av 140 at $11, 2 av 175 at $11, 5 av

140 at $11.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts 4,800. The sheep and lamb

trade was active and a few heads of

choice lambs were 10@ 15c higher than

last week, but the general market was

about steady as follows: Best lambs

$10.50; fair lambs $9.50@10; light to

common lambs $8@9; yearlings $8.50

@9; fair to good sheep $6@6.75; culls

and comn'mn $4@5.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Thompson

Bros. 23 lambs av.65 at $9.25, 22 do av

85 at $9.50; to Parker, W. & Co. 203

do av 75 at $10.50, 11 do av 47 at $9;





~ to Hammond, S. & Co. 7 yearlings av





100 at $6.90; to Swift 8; Co. 209 lambs

av 82 at $10.60; to Sullivan P. Co. 14

sheep av 110 at $6.50, 8 do av 100 at

$5.50; to Thompson Bros. 127 lambs

av 65 at $9.75; to Barlage 7 sheep av

90 at $5.50; to Swift & Co. 182 lambs

av 65 at $9.85, 29 do av 55 at $9.25, 23

do av 55 at $9, 38 do av 70 at $9.50; to

Nagle P. Co. 231 do av 70 at $10.25,

60 do av 75 at $10.50, 216 do av 70 at

$10.25, 27 do av 75 at $9.50, 172 do av

75 at $10.25, 116 do av 85 at $10.50, 52

do av 70 at $10.50; to Sullivan P. Co.

87 do av 65 at $9.50.



Roe Com. Cu. sold Thompson Bros.

11 sheep av 125 at $5.50, 14 lambs av

93 at $10; to Barlage 7 lambs av 65 at





Sandel, 8., B. & G. sold Thompson

Bros. 5 sheep av 110 at $6.25, 7 lambs

av 60 at $10.





Ho 3.



Receipts 12.032. qI‘he hog trade op-

ened dull and 10@15c lower than on

Wednesday. Pigs sold around $6.75;

yorkers and heavy at $7.25@7.40.





 





WE}?! . .j '. ,p





Friday's Market.

January 21, 1916.

Cattle.



Receipts this week 2402; last week

2791.. Canners and bulls are steady;

common milkers not wanted; all other

grades 25c lower than the opening this

week. Best heavy steers $7 @750;

best handy weight butcher steers $6.25

@7; mixed steers and heifers $6@6.50;

handy light butchers $5.50@6; light

butchers $5@5.50; best cows $5.50@6;

butcher cows $4.50@5; common cows

$4@4.50; canners $3@3.85; best heavy

bulls $6; bologna bulls $5.25@5.75;

stock bulls $4.50@5; feeders $6@7;

stockers $5@6.50; milkers and spring-

ers $35@75.



Veal Calves.



Receipts this week 975; last week

884; market steady. Best $11; others

$7@10.50.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts this week 6,690; last week

6,587; market steady. Best lambs

$10.50@10.75; fair do $10@10.25; light

to common lambs $8@9; gearlings

$9.50; fair to good sheep $6. 5@7.25;

culls and common $4.50@5.



Hogs.



Receipts this week 16,912; last week

18,661. Market steady. Pigs $6@

$6.75; yorkers and heavy $7.20@ 7.30.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





All descriptions of cattle offered on

the Chicago market have been work

ing their way gradually upward for

several weeks, subject to the inevita-

ble reactions from time to time, the

undertone having become much strong

er since the weather changed and be-

came decidedly wintry. A limited de-

mand exists for strictly prime corn-

fed beeves carrying plenty of weight,

but these" are in such meager supply

that sellers have been obtaining fre-

quent advances, with good prospects

that $10 per 100 lbs. will be paid be-

fore long, provided any are offered.

As for prime yearlings, seldom are

any offered on the market, so that

prices are usually merely nominal, de-

spite a good demand most of the time.

However, the big call these times runs

strongly on medium-priced cattle that

can be converted into beef that does

not cost the average family too much

money. Within a short time compara-

tively low-price lots of cattle have sold

for $1 per 100 lbs. more than at the

previous low time, and the great defi-

ciency in the country’s cattle supply

may be expected to bring forth higher

prices in the future. During the first

11 months of 1915' shipments from all

points of stockers and feeders to feed-

ing districts ran rather more than 15

per cent ahead of the corresponding

period of 1914, but the lack of good

feeding corn and its advance in the

northern portions of the corn belt

states caused such a general early

marketing that the present supply in

feeding districts is unusually low, ac-

cording to reliable accounts. Country

shippers of cattle of the stocker and

feeder types should stop shipping such

cattle to the Chicago stock yards, as

there is no outlet there to feeding dis-

tricts, and sellers have to depend on

killers, who pay much lower prices

than would be paid by cattle feeders.

Such cattle should be sent to markets

where there is a feeder outlet, such as

the Missouri river markets. In the St.

Paul market of late buyers have been

paying from $5.50@6.50 per 100 lbs.

for feeders weighing from 650 to 950

lbs., while good feeding cows brought

$4.50@5 for lots weighing around 900

lbs., such cattle being shipped to the

Dakotas, Minnesota, Iowa and Illinois.



The Chicago hog market has under-

gone a remarkable improvement in re-

cent weeks that has raised prices for

all descriptions to generally unexpect-

edly high levels, and it is expected

that further advances will take place.

In short, the requirements of local

packers and eastern shippers have

been extremely liberal, while of late

yard speculaors have taken a conspic-

uous hand, making large purchases of

the better class. Prices were the high-

est paid since last October, with the

bulk of the hogs selling at a range of

309 per 100 lbs. and the best light

weights going about 200 below prices

paid for the best heavy weights. This

condition of things is due to the great

predominance of light hogs, the aver-

age weight of the receipts being much

below that of recent years. The hogs

coming to market are steadily increas-

ing in weight, however, and further

gains in this direction are generally

expected. Late receipts have been av-

eraging heavier in weight than at any

previous period since October. All

things considered, it seems to be ad-

v1sable for stockmen owning thrifty

youngsters to hold them until they be-

come well matured and superior in

quality. The packers need large num-

bers for converting into cured meats,

and never in the past was the general

consumption of fresh pork products

anywhere near so large as now.





 





<





THE MICHIGAN F'ARMER‘





23—14;





 





 





 





 





 





BUY





9





United Fence Prices





ADVANCE MARCH 15, l9l6





And SAVE FROl'l ONETO THREE CENTS PER

ROD on your next year's requirement





This advance notice to our customers is in keeping with our regular business

policy. March 15th is the last day we can accept orders for fence at old rices.

Thereafter they will advance from one to three cents per rod. The ste y rise

in the price of raw material is responsible. Read the following table then place

your order for next season and Save Money. .





NOW





 





GUARANTEE

We guarantee our fence to be made from the best Galvanized

Hard Steel Wire, both stay, llne wire and knot, and to be the most

perfectly woven fence on the market.





 





NOTE-Close prices on other styles all No.9 Heavy Fence will be quoted upon request.





MEDIUM STOCK FENCES





 

 

 





3 3 Price Price

{g g No. 9 top and'bottom and No. I: tiller. 9,, m, ,9, M

g 5 gv Wight no.3. no.3.



, so ‘ -



'1 f. "7:3 Spacing' in inches ”rm 3:2,. mm”

:3 :3 125;- Mich. mun.

z—jg—igmmsg 3374/ 3?, 3?, 2,14 (r; ................................. g3¢ a); $0.12 $0,};



I—‘ —: .........;, : 4. I ' 4, ,p, ) .................... u... 4 I . .

8~;;4——l(i.........3, 3%, 3,}, 4%, 51;: 5, s................. 53/: lbs. .13 g)

Salt—.0 ......3, 314, 3%, 4-4, 5,2, 6, SW ........ lbs. .22 ,24

8—-45—lo ......413, 5, 53/, 6 7, 8. q 6 lbs. .19 .21

(3—42—16- ........ 3, 3,14. 3%. 434;, 55/2. 6, x, s .......... 6%, lbs. .21 .23

El—-1‘.’—30.........3, 314,315, 41;, 5%, 6. s, 25 .......... 25 lbs. 3 :25

llf—QO—ls. ........ 3, 3%,, 356.4%. 5%. 6. s. 8, s ..................... -714 11,5, 34 ,25



HEAVY STOCK FENCES

All No. 9 ere

9—48—12.........3, 4. 5. 5, 6, 8. 8. 9 ....................................... 12 lbs. $0.36 $0.39

m—{n—I'.’ ......... :3, 3&4”, 3,143, .94, 53/1, 6, s, 8, s ...... "0.1351115, .40 _43

10—50—16 ......... 3, 6h. 3%, 4%, 55/2, 6. 3, s. sill/2 lbs. .44 .47

POULTRY FENCE



18—50—24 ......... 31:34:, £4,412? 14%, 11%;] 13114-131452}; 12 1b .39 42



, . . . ’2. ' L. ---------- ‘ s. .

Staples Galvanized. 1% inch. per bag;r of 251b5..... ..................................... 85 .90

Brace Wire, No. 9, Soft, per coil 25 lbs .. .3) .85

Stretcher. all iron, double w ...................................... 7,50 7,75

Barb Wire, 4 pt., per 80 rod spool .... 2.85 3_10

llnrb Wire, 2 pt... per 80 rod spool..................................................................... 2.2) 2.95





 





     





 





THE UNITED FENCE 00..





WRITE FOR CATALOGUE TO OUR OFFICE NEARES'I‘TO YOU





BOX 30—PORT HURON. MICH. OR MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.





0F PORT HURON, MICH.





 





 





 





 





POSTPAID





WRITE FOR

IT man





 

   





 





FRE





M Bi New Catalo of ,-

CANy ’T-gSAG Farm Gatefiwill





 

 





mane . Write for

"a" it NOW—TODAY.





Cool: I‘eu than all wood—Inst 6 timotalaorg

—e-n' not. he. no or Nut.

but“ bolted (not nailed) between 3 angle

steal no rights. Guaranteed 6 years. You can

get complete Gates or Just the Gate Steele 00

on can make your own state: and save money.

“I“ lu- Cntaltt. m V. I"

ROWE MFG. COMPANY

2313 Mun-use. Hut-u. III. as:





 





 





 





ac 0,000 7W Hove

Wesgoonoow





Ll idle-I’d!) I til-g!) DI RECT

- I ' 'chQJ-Qu!» FROM FACTORY

T" “' ‘il’idlblieui, ‘ FREIGHT PREMID

5"“ «as-1.5! smashes.



!- ’ m ea Wire,

:!.,—.’b,-:;: 033%.; Galvanized.





   





 

   

 





     

 





' ' Iona ‘ 1“ «Mad



sample free. Just write postal now to

THE m FENCE & WIRE CO.

Department 49 Cleveland. 0.





Oat Sprouler $2





For $2.00 you can build the simplest.

most efl‘icncnt, easiest to operate and very

best oat-sprouter ever constructed. A

boy can make one in an evening with no

tools but a. saw and hammer. Cost of

operation for a 40-hen size less than 7c a

month. There are thousands in success-

ful operation. Plans with plain directions

for building, 250 postpaid.

I. PUTNAM, Route 111





Farms and Farm lands For Sale





Fertile Virginia Farms

Along Bhesapeake 8. Ohio Railway





At $15M acre and up on easy terms. Mild cli.

mate. rich soil. abundant rainfall. plentiful and

cheap labor. Convenient to Eastern markets, also

to good schools and churches. Write for free

illustrated farm home booklet, "Countr Life in

Virginia", and low excursion rates.





K. T. Barley, lnlusfdlgt,





0.1.0. m, Room 1022. lllcllmd, Va.

Virginia Farms and llomcs.





FREE CATA OGUE OF SPLENDID BARGAINS.





 





   





 





ELMIRA. N. Y'_





 





 





 





 





The South—The Homeland I





FOUR T0 SIX TONS OF ALFALFA. 60 to 100

bushels of corn to the sore, $100 to $500 an acre from

fruit or opportunities for the stock raiser and

dairyman, a imate which means two to four crops

a year, pleasant home locations, attractive land

prices, are things the South olfers homeseekers. Our

publication_s and special information on request.

, M. V. RICHARDS

Ind. and An, Oem'r, Southern 8!. “en It to»

Room 13 Want-MDJL A“ H.





   





   

   

   

   





   





 





FOR SALE





Plantation 640 acres 6 miles from West Polnt.M lss. 0n

stone road. Has flowing well. 400 acres in cultivation.

Balance rinc pasture well fenced. Fertile soil. Good

house; line barn and cabins for laborers. Splendid com-

munity. Price $65.00 per acre. Terms. Write C. O.

HOLMES, 1112 Broadway, Gary, iana.





 





“I 8": 100110.113 farm, 1 mile ‘West of Howell. fair



buildings, Windmill, water in house. well

fenced, mostly sandy loam.l niilofrom milkf‘actory. A

findopportunlty for one wishingto raise pure bred

_ olstein cattle as Liv. ., is known all over U. S. for

“:5 Holstein cattle. Will sell for $000 down, rest on

time. 1. U. GILKES, Howell, Michigan.





 





OR Sale—160 acres, 80 acres cleared, heavy clay and clay loam



col 1, telephone and free mail delivery, ongoodrood. Smile!

from Harlemflichjns barn 36 x 60, good frame housegood we“

close“) school and church, good noighborhoodmo incumbrlnco

good young: orchard, Well fenced, no wasteland. nearly level.

Well (lrnined, rice 56000. 12000 down and 10 years time on

remainder. . F. UMPI‘IERY. EVART, 1V1 ICH





 





You can get more value for vour

I .

Fa rmers- money in farm prorerty in Southern

Michigan than any where in the United States. If

interested write for catalogue.



B11388 & BROWN. Coldwnter. Michlm.





BEAUTIFUL FARM 0N RIVER BANK





50 acres 215 miles from Beavcrton, Gladwln Co. Mich.

N cw House and Barn just completed, flowing well, a)

acres cleared, best of land. $2,250 hall cash. 100 0



[arm bargains. U. G. REYNOLDS, Gladwin. Mich.





 





 





‘30 Acres sandyand clay loam, clay sub-coil. near

Pontiac, on R. R. Good buildings, 120 acres plow

land, only $9000. $2500 down. GILMORE &

CHAVENL‘LLE. 412 Hammond Bldg. Detfl. lanch





l I _ '

Central Michigan Farms 3.?Sinvifinfiéfia.'§£ili‘3§





easy terms. Write forlist A. 0.1!. Benham,llsstiu:s.Mich,





 





 





240 acre farm. Will sell stock, to 1.. '

For Sale For description and terms 7131;. etc.

THEODORE GUYER, Central Lake. Mich.





RUFUS B. HOLMES 60.





 





 





 





 





 





R. B. CHA Fm Q Co.,lnc.,Rlch-lonll.Va.





High and Rlopelle Sta. Detroit. Mich.

I I

Commussuon Merchants

Poultry. Live or Dressed. Dressed Hogs, Calves,

Sheep and Eggs. Reference, Peninsular Savings

Bank. Sullivan Packing Co. Shipments Solicited.

Satisfartion Guaranteed.

Ship Your good quail .

H A y 3...... ...... par ..

I. 1.. Richmond 00.. Detroit.

H A OUR NEW LOCATION—

623-625 WM Eds" Margin. Pa.

Dame! McCafiney’: Sons Co.

HE HABPSTER COMMISSION (1)., Union Stock

Yards, Toledo. 0., Sell live stock on wmmission.

as; 11% priciefanid “I,“ fills. Try them” 3%)

one an oaks afte .

Finrkazfially hacked by over $1.000,fi§3.y° u r m

F‘I'ERs—We are paying from two to five cents

, above the highest official Detroit Market

quotation for your eggs shipped divert to us by ox.

press. Write us for imfor-ation. It will pa you-

Amerlcan Butter & Cheese 00., Detroit, Mich.





-,

\
send _

you my big free book of nifty new

1916 buggies._ I want you to see

the stunning rigs and the bargains

I am offering this season at rices

that [save you from $20 to $40. hink l

of it! You can now get a light-running.

easy riding. long ife, genuine,





$39 25 and up. Guaranteed ,1



- 2 years. Remember!

give 30 days free road test to

rove the quality. Catalog shows -

hundreds of other snappy styles .

—- all at money savmg prices.

Write for the big Free Book today.

H. c. Phelps. Pres. ,



THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO.

Station 57 Columbus. Ohio





I' III/III'IIIIIIIII/A'I





APPLETON





4., on SAWS





~ Make money from wood

,5 \‘ 3» '. ‘r. this winter. The portable

‘RJ .‘Ifl‘ ‘ ‘ ‘, rig (below) can cam its

q ;:





 

   





\‘W





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





F\\





m\\\\x“





   

 

 





cost, plus a big profit, in

'r' one season; and the

whole outfit is made to

stand years of hard service.

Mounting; strongest oak or steel, mortised,

bolted and firmly braced Best steel wheels,

Ctaggered spokes Saw frame, heavy angle

Steel bars.boltcd and rigidly braced: equipped

with tilting table. Saw blade 20 to 30 inch.

Appleton Engines deliver full rated h. p. with

least use of fuel; and wear for years. Sizes 1%

to 22 h. p. (4 to 10 h. p. for outfit below.)





 

 





'4»?





 

   





 

 





Send forfree cata-



logs showing 10



- ~ styles of Appleton



Wood Saws and fiillline of Engines. Grinders,etc.

Appleton Mfg. Co. 620 Fargo 3L. BateviaJII.





 





 





 





This Land is Worth

$465.00 Per Acre





The cro a it now produces, 5 tons of

alfalfa. II bus. of com, and 52 bus. of

wheat. will pay interest on this valuation

after paying all costs of production.

Ten years ago it was worth $|00 per

acre on the same basis of crop produc-

ing value.





§l.00 22]“ Acre E Year‘





has been the cost of the increase in for-

tility and value. The fertilizer used was

Rock Phosphate. This method is fully

explained in our booklet. Write for your

COPY.





 





THEIMlCHIGAN'FARMER





EllllllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllilllllIlllll|||IlllllIlllllll|lllllllIII|IIII|lllllIll|llll|lIllIllllllllllllllllllllfl

g Grange. g

lllllllMllllMllllllllllllllllIIlllIIlllIlllllllllllllllllullllllllllllllllMllllllllllllllllllldill

Our Motto:—“The farmer is of more





consequence than the farm, and should

be first improved.” ’





 





STATE GRANGE OFFICERS.





 





MasterfiJohn C. Ketcham, Hastings.

Overseer—C. H. Bramble, Tecumseh.

Lecturer—Dora H. Stockman, Lan-

sing.



Secretary—Jennie Buell, Ann Arbor.

Treasurer——Frank Coward, Bronson.

Executive Committee—C. S. Bart-

lett, Pontiac; Geo. B. Horton, Fruit

Ridge; J. W. Hutchins, Hanover; W.

F. Taylor, Shelby.





 





STANDARD GRANGES.





 





A Grange that meets five fixed re-

quirements and any six of the optional

requirements shall be known as a

“Standard Grange” and shall receive

a suitable reward from Michigan State

Grange.



Fixed Requirements.



1. One or more meetings each

month. (A “meeting” is defined as

one opened and closed in ritualistic

form).



2. Owning or renting a hall or hav-

ing other fixed place of meeting.



3. A program at every meeting un-

less degree work prevents.



4. An average attendance of 25 per

cent of membership.



5. Reports to State and Pomona

Granges made during the first month

after a quarter has closed.



Optional Requirements.



1. Opening and closing without us-

ing manuals.



2. Degree work memorized by offi-

cers or special team.



3. At least: 15 per cent. of member‘

ship members of Pomonas.



4. Observance of days set aside by

State Grange.



5. Promptness in opening and clos-

ing.



6. Co—operai ive trade through

Grange contracts to amount of $500 or

over each year.



7. An orchestra, band, chorus, quar-

tette or Juvenile Grange.



8. Observance of parliamentary

practice in conducting meetings.





 





FEDERAL CHEMICAL CO.

Ground Rock Department

1'2 ("lurk Street Columbia, Tenn. I





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





our sales

office near-

est you for

prices and

terms on fertil-

izers adapted to w

your soil and crops. '

Send for Booklet - Free

The American Agricule

tural Chemical Co.

New York, Baltimore. Phil-

adelphia. Buflalo. Cin-

cinnati. Cleveland.

Detroit, etc.





 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





   

 

   

   

   

   

 

 





 





 





WOOD SAWS





Made§ofspeciul saw steel after our

own analysis. Every saw given uni-

form and tough temper to the very

. pointsot‘lhe teeth. Thesi- saws hand

Bet and fil(‘(l. Arbor hole 195 in.





Satisfaction Guaranteed





Size Price Size Price Size Prige.

Z) in. $2.50 24 in. $3.50 28 in. .l5

22 in. $3.00 26 in. $4. 30 in. $5.21»

Hardwood Tilting Table Saw Frame. Weight

370 lbs. Thoroughly braced. comWete. $14.90. Send

personal check or money order. 'e make immedi-

ate shipment by express or freight.





. HIIEIIS’ CEMENT TILE MAIIIIIIE 00.. St. Johns. Ilch.





“v;

.1\ . .





$65 , » -.y it.





 





 





 





 





 





9. Degree work in all four degrees

at least twice each year.



10. Leading in some effort for com-

munity betterment.



11. Presenting two public programs

of dramatic or other literary form dur-

ing the year.



12. The presentation of one public

healthy program.





 





NEWAYGO COUNTY POMONA.





 





Newaygo County Pomona met with

Ashland Center Grange December 29-

30. Never has there been such an at~

tendance since the early days in the

history of the Grange in Newaygo

county, when contests were at their

height. Ashland Grange is composed

largely of young people and is next to

the largest, Grange in the county.



Seventy—five sat down to the first

table where a delicious chicken dinner

was served and 75 at the second, with

about a dozen left for the third.



When Grange was called to order

for the afternoon program nearly 400

people were in the hall. One of the

noticeable things were the children

present. These children had a part in

the afternoon exercises and they cer-

tainly delighted the hearts of all pres-

ent. The principal subject for the af-

ternoon discussion was “National Pre-





 





   

 

 





‘ werful rtable lam , giving a 800 candle

’ Avg;- pure vegite light. Ifirst what the farmer.

. airyman stockman, etc. needs. Safe—Reliable

—Economical-—Absolutel . Rain, Storm and Bug

proof. Burns either gaso me or kerosene. Light

‘ in weight. Agents wanted. Big Pronto. Write





hr Get-lob. THE 3551‘ LIGHT CO.





.paredness,” Bro. R. M. Hall opening





the subject. He was not in favor of it,

and said we should nourish a christian

spirit. Oscar Blood, 3. Civil War veter-

an, believed in being ready. He be-

lieved in paying out more money to

maintain a good standing army and





 





280E. 5th St. Canton. 0'.





less for good roads. Another believed,





not in force of arms, but in justice,

peace and mercy.



Bro. J. H. Edwards gave the speech

of the afternoon. He said he was not

in favor of the jingo talk of the news-

papers. It' was one of the greatest

curses that ever struck this country,

and goes hand in hand with the liquor

traffic. We can mine every harbor in

ten days. We have ample time to get

ready, and in 30 days we can drill an

army of 100,000 men. He would build

up a citizenship that would demand

the respect of the nations. The poor

suffer most in time of war. If we pick

up a war every family will have a

vacant chair. Mr. Edwards is in favor

of a conscription law, fixing the law

so that no substitutes can be bought,

thus making it necessary for the pres-

ident himself to go if called.



Miss Laura Carr read a good paper

on “Community Service for Women.”

She believed in women doing all in

their power to promote the welfare of

their own neighborhoods. Miss Carter

said every neighborhood should have

a leader—one that would be willing

to go ahead and start something for

the good of the neighborhood.



Mary Robertson said the Grange was

the greatest factor in community ser-

vice. She told of the get-together spir-

it of the big meeting and was in favor

of contests in canning clubs to bring

the young people to the Grange.



Miss Currie L. Carter, Commission-

er of Schools, gave a fine talk on “Fac-

tors for a Good School.” She told

what a problem it was to care for so

many school children physically, and

gave plans for ideal schools and

grounds.



in. H. n. Blandford, County Agent,

related his experience in the county

achievements of Newaygo county the

past year. The result is that, banner





potatoes and beans are being shipped

out by the carload at high prices.



On Wednesday evening a business

meeting was held, five candidates were

instructed in the fifth degree and offi-

cers were elected—Mary Robertson.

I‘llllllllllllllllllllilllllliillilllIlll:lllllllllllflliiHlliilllilllillHHimHllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfii’





 





ElllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHHI’HH5‘llllHllllIlllHIlllliHlHlllllllllHllIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfl





OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSO-

CIATION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.





President—R. J. Robb, Mason.



Vicepresideni—C. B. Scully, Almont.



Secretary and Treasurer—«Mrs. J. ‘

Brown, Howell.



Directors—Alfred Allen, Mason; C.

T. Hamline, Alma; W. K. Crafts, Grass

Lake; Edward Burke, St. Johns; Mrs.

C. J. Reed, Spring Arbor; Mrs. R. E.

Moore.



Address all communications relative

to the organization of new Clubs to

Mrs. J. S. Brown, Howell, Mich.





 





 





Associational Motto:



“The skillful hand with cultured

mind is the farmer's most valuable

asset.”





 





Associational Sentiment:

“The Farmer: He garners from the

soil the primal wealth of nations.”





CLUB DISCUSSED—NS.





 





 





Ray Farmers’ Club met at the hall on

Thursday, January 13, for their an-

nual oyster dinner. Despite the in-

clement wealher about 65 members

were present. After a sumptuous din-

ner the meeting was called to order

by President J. A. Priest. Song by

Club, invocation by Mr. J. P. Gilmour,

followed by a short business meeting.

The program which was necessarily

short, was then taken up. A fine re—

port of the state convention at Lan-

sing was given by our delegates, Mr.

and Mrs. H. E. Curtis, after which the

Club adjourned to meet with Mr. and

Mrs. C. J. Hartway in February.———Mrs.

J. A. Jewell, Cor. Sec.



Two Interesting Papers.-—The Jan-

uary meeting of the Ingham County

Farmers’ Club was held at the M. E.

Church with Messrs. Sear], Root, Clin-

ton and Densmore and their wives as

hosts and hostesses. President Ives

called the meeting to order and with

Mrs. Watts at the organ all joined in

singing the “Sweet Bye-and~Bye.”Mrs.

Tanswell read a letter from Clarence

J. Reed, president of the Jackson Coun-

ty Farmers’ Club, inviting our Club to

attend a meeting to be held at the

court house in Jackson, February 9.

R. J. Robb explained that this organi-





JAN.‘ 29, 1916.’





zation was composed of members of

the various Clubs in the county, held

two meetings in the year, one in Feb-

ruary and one in August. The invita-

tion was accepted. The first paper of

the afternoon was “Grinners and

Growlers,” by. Mrs. W. H. Taylor, who

treated the subject as one who smiles,

and the grouch, and in looking over

papers she found many, many items

about the smile, but only one upon the

grouch, which she gave in full. A good

definition of a smile is a certified

check for happiness that can be cash-

ed anywhere. A smile is worth 3. mil-

lion dollars and does not cost a cent.-

The secret of a long life is never los-

ing your temper. In the discussion

Mrs. Shafer said smiles grease the

wheels of everyday life, and told of

meeting a person one day in spring,

when the sun shone bright and beau-

tiful overhead, but muddy underfoot.

He referred to the mud, she spoke of

the sunshine, when he replied, I am

not going that way today. Mrs. Bow-

den gave a history of the royal fam-

ilies of Europe, telling how they were

all related by ties of blood. The next

paper was by Mrs. Ivies, who said in

part that the elements seemed to go in

threes, earth, air, and water; mot,

stem and leaf; father, mother, child;

so she would take “Barns, Barnacles,

Brass Tacks}? She described the mod-

ern barn, arranged for convenience,

drainage and sanitation, mentioned all

the tools necessary for farm work and

a building necessary to cover them. A

good hog house, for the hog, was the

mortgage lifter. A hen house, for the

hen keeps the larder well filled. With

all this expense, how much was used

for kitchen efficiency? One—tenth

would add many conveniences. Club

then adjourned to meet the second

Saturday in February with Mr. and

Mrs. W. S. Root on South street. The

program committee is busy at work

and it is expected the year-books will

be ready for distribution at the next

meeting—Mrs. Tanswell, Cor. See.



The Riley Farmers’ Club met with

Mr. and Mrs. P. J. Staub, January 13,

at 10:30 a. 111. The meeting was call-

ed to order by President Frank Faiver.

Following opening exercises the Club

voted to join the State Association of

Farmers’ Clubs. Mr. Burke, of Green-

bush gave a short talk-.011 the benefits

derived by joining the State Associa-

tion. Following dinner the Club was

called to order at 1:30 p. in. Songs,

“Old Black Joe,” and “Massa in the

Cold Ground.” It was voted to add

the name of Olive to our Club, hence-

forth to be known as the Riley—Olive

Farmers’ Club. Members then drew

for the next meeting. The February

meeting going to Mr. and Mrs. Tomp-

son. Dr. Gohn, of St. Johns, gave a.

talk on hog cholera, saying he wished

every farmer in Clinton county to

join him in doing all in their power to

prevent the disease from spreading in

Clinton county. An address on, and

thorough discussion of, hog cholera

and how to prevent it, was given by

State Veterinary George Dunphy, in

which he said the only way is for the

farmers to pull together and clean up,

and to co-operate among themselves

and with our county agent. A talk on

what a farmer can do, by Mr. Burk,

was much appreciated. Two new mem-

bers were added to the roll. The pro-

gram afforded several good musical

and literary numbers. An extension

school from the extension department

of M. A. C. will be held at the South

Riley Grange Hall from January 24 to

27, with a large attendance enrolled

and a profitable time expected—Ella

Blizzard, Cor. Sec.



Have Oyster Supper.—Gun Plains

Clover Leaf Farmers’ Club met at the

home of Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Howe on

Tuesday evening, January 11. About

70 were present. A bounteous oyster

supper was served, followed by the

meeting. The program was good. Sev

eral fine musical selections were ren-

dered. The chief amusement of the

evening was a “fish pond” where old

and young participated. A discussion

was given in regard to getting speak-

ers on agriculture from the M. A. C.,

and it was decided not to have them

this year. Mrs. Fred Myers, Cor. Sec.



Membership lncreasing.—The West

Otisco Farmers’ Club held their Janu-

ary meeting at; the home of Mr. and

Mrs. Russell Slayton, January 6, and

passed a very pleasant day. About 45

people helped to dispose of the bounti-

ful dinner provided for the occasion.

Several of the 38 members of the Club

were unable to attend on account of

sickness, which was much regretted.

Two new members were voted in, and

four new names were presented to be

voted on at the next meeting. A good

program was well rendered, and the

topic for the day was thoroughly dis-

cussed. Our president and his wife

who were delegates to the state meet-

ing at Lansing, gave a good report of

the meeting which delighted their hea

the meeting which delighted their

hearers. The next meeting will be

held at the home of Mr. and Mrs. W.

B. Travis—Martha Hall, Cor. Sec.





 





.. wu—r »
.. wu—r »





 





 





 





 





JAN. 29. 1916.





These Lands Described





These lands lie 690 miles south of Kansas

City, on the Kansas City Southern Rail-

road. about sixty-five to seventy miles north

of the Gulf of Mexico, in what is known as

the Ozone Belt of Louisiana’s Western High-

lands. They lie from 130 to 185 feet above

sea level. and are naturally well drained and

free from any connection with alluvial mead-

ows, drain swamps or land of similar kind.

Too much cannot be said of the natural for-

mation of this country.





Soil





The soil is a dark colored, sandy loam. un-

derlaid by a rich clay subsoil. This soil is

known asavery quick soil. as the sun warms

it quickly. allowing seed to germinate rap-

idly. It is a natural soil, built by natural

methods. and not deposited by overflows. etc.





Transportation





Beauregard and Vernon Parishes (Coun-

ties). in which Long-Bell Forms are located.

enjoy unequaled transportation. The Kansas

City Southern Railroad, Lake Charles &

Northern Railroad. Louisiana & Pacific

Railroad. Gulf. Colorado & Santa Fe

Railroad, and several chartered railroads of

lumber companies are available through both

of these Parishes. The Kansas City Southern

Railroad gives an entrance into Port Arthur,

where sea transportation can be had to all

points of the world. _





Schools





The school system of this locality is one

of the most attractive points in its favor. be-

ing equal to any similar system in the North.





Roads





The roads in these two Parishes are ex-

ceptionally well built. and a large amount of

money. in the near future, is to be expend-

ed for additional highways.





Crops





It is our purpose to recommend general

farming and livestock raising thruout

this section. Louisian"s corn crop for the

year just past is estimated at 48,000,000

bushels. This is a jump from 19,000,000

bushels in 1913. and shows how rapidly is

Louisiana changing from a one-crop state to

I diversified farming section. Here you may

grow corn, oats, hay, the clovers, velvet

beans,cowpeasand other legumes, and with

less competition than in almost any section

of the North. We recommend Sudan grass

growing. especially, for this section. Be-

sides the staple mos, you can devote a few

acres to trucking and can have about your

home for additional profit such products as

oranges, kumquots, figs, grapes, pecans, mel-

ons. ground fruit. etc. The staple crop of

Louisiana. of course, is cotton. and most of

our Northern farmers will want to have a

crop of this great “mortgage lifter.”





Livestock, Poultry, Etc.





This section of Louisiana is well adapted

to all kinds oi livestock raising. cattle,

sheep. hogs. and by the introduction of fancy

stock for breeding purposes the native stock,

which is cheap, can be turned into money

very fast. There is a great demand for poul-

try and poultry products right in this very

section. and especially in the large Southern

market. This demand in now supplied by the

North. .





 





I Announcement of .

uisiana’s Land Opening





This announcement is appearing all over this country at the same time. We are determined to sell the lands described herein just as quickly as pos-





sible. If you want to own one of these farms then by all means send us the coupon below, together with your first remittance, today without fail. If you

will not take our word as a guarantee, and you desire to know more about these lands before reserving a far1n,thcn send coupon for our literature below.





This Company—Our Plans





This Company is a sister corporation of

The Long-Bell Lumber Company of this city,

which holds first rank among America’s larg-

est lumber producers. You may investigate

this company thru your bank, Don's or





era and idlers will find nothing congenial

among the men and. women who are coming

to the Long-Bell Farms with funds to build

their homes and. plant. their crops, and who

know what success is. We have 200,000 acres

of land to sell. beside that now being of-

fered for sale. and we want to make the first

100,000 acres we sell ouickly dispose of the

remaining portion of our holdings. With this





 





14.00 Feb. 6 to Feb. 15, “

16.00 Feb. 16 to Apr. 1, “

18.00 Apr. 2 to June 20, “

20.00 June 21 to Sep. 15, “

22.00 Sept. 16 to Nov. 1, “

25.00 Nov. 2 to Dec. 31, “





through agent.

by you or for you in writing.





Select, for instance, 80 acres.





your reservation is received.





your reservation.





. Send us $40.00 as reservation. You

W111 be allotted the land for sale at the prices which prevail

If not satisfactory to you, we will return

the $40.00 to you on demand. That is all you have to do.

Will be first served. The $12.00 land is the same quality as the $25.00

land. You can select your own farm if you so desire, after you make





TABLE OF PBIGES AND TERMS





50c per acre is the Reservation Price, no matter

What land is allotted you.





Price 'l‘inic Down Payment

Per Acre Limit Reservation Made After Time Interest

Inspection





$12.00 Jan. 30 to Feb. 5, 1916, 50c per acre $5.00 per acre 3 to 5 yr. 6%

500 per acre

500 per acre 6.00 per acre 3 to 5 yr. 6%

500 per acre 6.00 per acre 3 t0 5 yr. 6%

500 per acre 6.00 per acre 3 to 5 yr. 6%

50c per acre 6.00 per acre 3 to 5 yr. 6%

500 per acre 6.00 per acre 3 to 5 yr. 6%





6.00 per acre 3 to 5 yr. 6%





80 acres is the largest farm we will sell to each man at $12.00 per acre.





You select your own land if our selection does not suit you. You

are allowed 90 days in which to make an examination in person or

No sale complete until land is examined and accepted

If land allotted you is not satisfactory,

all reservation money will be returned to you.





How to Send Reservation





when





First come





 





return every cent you have paid.





 





Our Guarantee





Send us your reservation and remittance of 50¢ per acre for each

acre you want to reserve, and we will allot you land at the price at

which same is being sold at the time your reservation arrives. The

only role we follow is “First come, first served.” As mail comes into

our office it will be stamped with the day, the hour and the minute.

and it will be opened in this manner.



The first reservations receive the

land is the same quality as the $25.00 land, and those that follow, for-

low in this order. We will notify you immediately after allotment the

price at which you bought .If this is not satisfactory to you, we will





 





lowest price land, the $12.00





Long-Bell Farm Land Corporation

By R. A. LONG, Chairman the Board of Directors





 





Bradstreet’s. or in any way you so desire.

The fact that its name is connected with this

project should be sufficient for you to inves-

tigate carefully the opportunity it offers.

We want the men and women who buy our

lands to know that everything we say we

will do we actually will do. We want no man

to buy an acre of land who does not believe

he is capable of developing his farm asagood

farm should be developed. We want men and

women who understand how good is the cli-

mate and soil and who know how to make

the climate and soil return to them the in-

come that is worthy of their effort. Dream-





end in view we have decided to sell our land

upon the following lines:





.The Plan





In a table given above you will see exactly

what land we have to sell and the prices at

which we are selling it. There is no difi‘er-

ence between the highest priced land we offer

and the lowest priced, except a price differ-

ence.



Raw. uncleared, unimproved land through-

out the South is frequently sold by similar

organizations to our own at $25.00 per acre.

We believe the natural advantages and the





’ (#31100 per acre.





‘ 27-147





benefits derived from transportation, etc. in

Beauregard and Vernon Parishes tend to

make our land have a value in excess of

$25.00 per acre.





Read carefully the table below. and as

you read remember this: If you do not take

advantage of reserving a farm now at these

prices you have no one to blame but yourself.





All you have to do is to determine the

number of acres that you want to reserve.

Then remit us 50c per acre, together with

the reservation coupon below. As these cou-

pons come into our oflico they will be allotted

land at the prices than prevailing. For in-

stance, if you get your reservation to us the

first one. you will receive land upon a basil

When time limit has expired

we will select vou :1. farm at. $11.00 per acre. and

allotments will be made in this manner. The 500

per acre reservation applies for any size farm of

40 to 80m each.





As soon as we have allotted this land to

you we will send you a. purchase contract

and a receipt for the money you have re-

mitted to us. and we will tell you exactly the

price at which your land was bought. If this

price is not agreeable to you we will return

to you every cent you have paid. There are

no “ifs” or “ands" about this statement.

The question of price is made for the, pur-

pose of quickly disposing of our land and

placing settlers upon it. in order that we

may settle up this community as fast as pos-

eib e.





After you receive our purchase contract

you will be given ninety days in which to in-

vestigate your land. without any further pay"

ments. When you have seen your land if it

is not entirely to your satisfaction you may

select a tract entirely to your own liking; or

failing to do this, we will refund every cent

you have paid us. This is the way we in-

tend to do business.





We do not want you to buy an acre of this

land. nor to reserve a tract. unless you can

see your way clear not only to keep up your

payments to this Company, but to make the

kind of improvements that are necessary in

any new farming section.





Our Free Book





No matter whether you send us a reserva-

tion or not be sure and. send us the coupon

below for our free book entitled “Where

Soil and Climate Are Never Idle.” In this

book you will find every phase of Long-Bell

Farms entirely covered. We will show you

by the eye of the camera the very country

you will view when you go down to investi-

gate your land. We will give you facts and

figures with respect to this section of Louisi-

ana. We will tell you of the work done by

the manager of the Long-Bell Demonstration

Farm. which comprises 612 acres. You will

see pictures of oranges, oats, corn, cotton.

vegetables, figs and grapes grown on the very

same farm.





We will tell you of a country where. upon

a few acres, you can earn an easier and a

larger living than you are now doing. We

will tell you and show you a section of

Louisiana where from the standpoint of edu-

cation. health, comfort and transportation

you can enjoy life to your fullest. We will

show you how land values are increasing all

over Louisiana, and in this section partic-

ularly. and we believe that. we can convince

you with this literature that here is the place

for the man who wants to succeed and to

locate.





We do not intend to lure you by fancy pic-

tures of any kind. but we are going to talk

to you in a man to man fashion about one of

the choicest spots that is as yet left un‘

touched by the plow of man. By all means

send for our great literature today. JuSt clip

the coupon now and place it in an envelope

and send to us.





Long-Bell Farm Land Corporation





Suite 410 R. A. Long Building, Kansas City, Mo.





 





RESERVATION COUPON





LONG-BELL FARM LAND CORPORATION:

Suite 410 R. A. Long Building,





Kansas City, Missouri

Gentlemen:





Please reserve me .......... acres in your Long—

I enclose $ .....

crvation remittance. If the land you allot me is not

satisfactory to me in price, or for any other reason,

you agree to return the amount of money I enclose





Bell Farms Colony.





herewith upon demand by me.





Name ...............................

Address. .............. - ..............

State.. .............................



Note—If you have not the money in the house. write us a





{letter or telegraph at our expense and tell us definitely when

this money will reach us, and we uill make a reservation and





hold to your order for ten days.





 





 





. .. as my res—





 





 





............. .





LOUI'SlANA





50,000,000 PEOPLE

\REACHEO av mmoaos

m 30 nouns mom

LONG ecu. mans





 





 





   

 

 





 





   

 





Gentlemen:





 





your book.





‘.

Allll’le .......





State ........





Address .....





 





FREE BOOK COUPON





LONG-BELL FARM LAND CORPORATION,

Suite 410 R. A. Long Building,





Kansas City, Missouri





. Please send me your great book entitled“Where

3011 and Climate Arc Never Idle.”

no way to buy one of your forms, but I agree to read





I bind myself in





......................................





 





Note—va you want to know the commercial value of the com-

bony standing responsible for this announcement you may re-

fer to any bank. express company or the commercial agen-

cies such as Dun or Bradstreet.
THE MICHIGAN FARMER ' " * cinemas;





* I’LL PUT





 





YOUR STOCK ‘





in a thriving condition, make the ”4

ailing ones healthy and expel the

~ worms. DR. GILBERT HESS '





Doctor of Veterinary Science

Doctor of Medicine





 

 





 





 

 

 





it you have a sick





* or injured animal

write me at once.





giving symptoms,

and I will send you

prescription and

htteroindvicelree

btcharue. Send2c. ~ti ,, .. , . ' l . .- '



Clamp lor reply. ‘ .i - 'i'fl -' " . ' ' ‘ ,' . . , " - . .. ' '3 .





 

   

 

 





_______





 

 





—





 

   

 





- u - a

o a a .

l—o-- - a

_ m.-. nu.- a





 

 





 

 

 





 

 





 





 





 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





a .

o a . a

a... can...



u





(glint! . Wign .





u!" / “—‘W‘U





2* ., ta... __.__ _

Why Pay the Pe "fit: _, ,.,, ”gr/e:

5:5 ii-H' I. - .





 

 





 





 

 





 





 

 





 





 





.- ~—---——/





 





I urge every farmer to see to it right now that his work horses are put in condition for

the hard work of spring and summer, so that when the sun shines your horses will be rid

of their old coats, full of stamina and ready for business. ’





And don’t overlook the spring pig crop—the mortgage lifters. Start them off free from

disease—free from worms. u





... “—





 





 





Be sure, also, that your milk cows are thoroughly conditioned for the long, heavy milking I g. . ' ‘ ' . ' - " 3 W1 3" ,u. " '



season, and that those with calf are vigorous and fit. , / ' ‘ ,' g', "/ _ ' -



Remember, your stock have been cooped up for the last few months and have been on ,‘r' .. ' ‘ Kt . ". , ,f 'f

dry feed. As corn or oats, hay and fodder do not contain the laxatives and tonics so ' ' l - '«





abundantly supplied in grass, your stock are pretty apt to be out of fix. Some of your

animals are liable to be constipated, rough in hair, their legs may have become stocked,

or they have dropsical swellings, but the most common disease of all, especially among

hogs, is worms—worms. ., .

' it





. ‘ ‘ I" \éf/Jff‘i: /// ‘ RemClllbfl',‘ I»:

, 7





   

 





   

   





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





25-“). Pail, $1.60. 100.“). 530k, $5.00 have no peddler’s





L wagon and ‘5

Highly Concentrated, as the Small Dose Quantity Proves » horses expenses r





to a ' that’s ‘

Now, as a worm expeller, Iwill go the limit in guaranteeing my Stock Tonic. To clean whyi’ciilsellyou ‘

out your hogs, put in the swill one tablespoonful of my Tonic to every two hogs twice a my Stock Tonic





 





day and you’ll make short work of the worms. Dr. Hess Stock Tonic is

A Sure Worm Expeller





A SPLENDID TONIC





through a local 9, ~§

dealer in your t,

, A town—a manwith \ ‘

Midi whom you trade ’ .

' 4 every week—at :47;





 





 

 

   





 

 

 





,. }:\

‘ /





 

 





This preparation of mine is 24 years old, farmers everywhere have tested it. I feed it to my own stock, J, '- l 1' och-bottom :

tor I know that it contains the necessary ingredients for enrichin the blood, improving t e digestion {,5 ,1 prices. if





 





and assimilation. keeping the entire animal system clean and wel regulated.



Now here is my guarantee to you—a guarantee that my dealer in our town will back up in letter and

spirit; it must surely convince you of t e undoubted faith I have in t is preparation—read it very carefully:

M So sure am I that Dr. Hess Stock 'l'onic will put our animals in a m

thriving condition. make the ailing ones healt y and expel the

worms. that l have authorized my dealer in your town to supply



“'0





you with enough tor your stock. and it it does not do an I cla ‘

N Eeturn the empty packages and my dealer will reiund your money.





And here are my prices— just half what the peddler charges: 25-lb. pail, 81.60; 100-lb. sack, 85.00.I

Smaller packages as low as 50c (except in Canada and the far West and the South). Sold only by

idependa le dealers who are known for square dealing. ‘





I have a book about Dr. Hess Stock Tonic that you may have for the asking.





$DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio





Dr. Hess Dr. [less

Poultry Pan-a-ce-a instant Louse Killer





////////.. \\ ‘5





I /.

z) x.‘ 1/ / A





-cg





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





 





 





This is just the time you should.be 'vin Kills lice on poultr and all farm stock.

your poultry this splendid tonic. w1 Dust the hens and c icks with it, sprinkle

at them in fine condition, make your hens it on the roosts, in the cracks, or, if kept .»

ay. ensure fertile hatching eggs and in the dust bath, the hens will distribute it.

strong, vigorous chicks. Very economical Also destroys bugs on cucumber, squash l Wt ,w

—a ennv’s worth is enough for 30 fowl and melon vines, cabbage worms, etc., , ‘“ 9 ‘

{51'le 25801% $13,633, realfiialgle delaltiléss-6 slggs orti rose bushesi elttgi. 2Csomof;irilhangy, / , ,,,.... f

I s, C' s. c; - . a1 . 51 mg— op cans. . c' s. 00 . 5:

(except ind 'Canada and the fgr West). (exceptt in.Canada and the far West). I @1825'lb'Pail’sl'6W‘ \

Guarantee . guaran ee 1t. LIV/i xvi/up / ////_~,‘
We"





}

l





’1





 





"1...,(1; a..’: _.





 





. my. 2:},- 19m





Lil/E STOCK FOR MICHIGAN

WASTE PLACES.





 





(Continued from page 126).

feed. And out there in the Arizona,

New Mexico, Colorado, Nevada, Utah,

Montana, Wyoming, waste places it

takes, and always will take, from 20

to 80 acres to keep one cow. Do we

cry, “God-forsaken?” God forbid? 0n

the contrary that region has been

blessed with brave lives and the infat-

uated dollars of those who see noth-

ing in the things near at hand but for

whom distance lends enchantment.



Since 1641 when the Jesuits estab-

lished Michigan’s first settlement, did

you ever hear of cattle dying in Mich-

igan for lack of food or water? Given

access to the food and browse of Mich-

igan’s waste places they will suffer

less from cold, starvation or thirst

than in any of the present waste plac-

es of earth. Yes! Take it from the

writer. A truth worthy of the most

careful consideration and searching

investigation. The sandiest sands of

Michigan’s waste places, with their

variety of nutritious grasses and herbs,

their shrub and tree browse, their ev-

ergreen cosy shelters, their anti—freez-

ing springs and babbling brooks, their

crystal rivers and lakes, have more

ovine, equine,~ bovine or porcine sus

tenance, in winter or summer, on one

acre, than those western alkali bar-

rens can rake and scrape from a forty.





Michigan vs. Western Ranges.





The writer sought out the flocks and

herds of Montana and Wyoming that

go through the winter rustling their

own living. Of cattle dependent for

their winter livelihood on their own

grazing, not a herd was found, though

in times past fortunes were amassed

on herds self—supported; and as freely

melted as the melting snoWs revealed

the havoc of the periodical hard win-

ter. But there are still some very

large sheep holdings in those states

that graze their own winter keep. If

some wintry day these latter flocks

could be set down in the brush shel-

tered, cutover, waste places of Michi-

gan (reserved from summer grazing

for this purpose, as their western bar-

rens are kept), busy bitings and satis-

fied bleatings, would promptly an-

nounce this arrival in nanny heaven.



Coyotes and wovles and mountain

lions are a- constant menace despite

the most efficient shepherds and their

faithful dogs. The losses from these

causes are never less than ten per

cent of the lamb crop; out there in

that sheep country par excellence (1')

as it appears to those who have only

seen it from this country. Their in-

terest rates on borrowed money are

nearly twice, out there, the legal rate

of Michigan and money is scarcer.

Freight rates to Chicago and Missouri

river markets are on an average not

less than $160 per car, while the rate

from Michigan’s range lands will aver-

age less than $40 to Chicago or Buf-

falo, two of the best markets in Amer-

ica. With Michigan waste places fenc-

ed with woven wire, dog-proof, the

losses of sheep from carnivorous foes

would be nothing. These small pas-

tures will reduce the labor expense

more than half, and a little common

sense (fence sense) at the time the

rams were used would insure from 20

to 40 per cent greater Michigan lamb





"crops than obtain out west.





Why, then, is every available range

in that western desert, fully occupied

or overstocked with cattle, sheep and

horses, while millions of vastly supe

rior Michigan acres lie neglected and

idle, the prey of top-penny tax asses-

sors and squanderers? The answer is

obvious to any sane investigator. Mich-

igan men able and capable of making

these regions immediately profitable

to themselves and a splendid asset of

the state, simply have ears that bear

not, eyes that see not and understand-

ing that refuses to apprehend, when

they face northward and contemplate





the beckoning possibilities of their,





own state.





The most lowly, despised Michigan ..





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





jack—pine plain, with its abundant,

crystal spring waters, its grazing,

browsing and natural timber shelters;

set down in any of these western,

range barrens lying between the Can-

adian and Mexican borders, would be

a live stock paradise, for a compari-

son it would be a garden of eden.

Large Holdings Essential.



Those lighter Michigan cut-over

lands now lying waste and unused,

should all be acquired in large hold-

ings (from a section, up), and fenced

into small pastures, (from 40 to 160

acres). Where these pastures lack nat-

ural springs, lakes or watercourses,

wells which are extremely inexpen-

sive, windmills and tanks, should be

provided. Winter pastures should be

ungrazed in summer, so that the live

stock may harvest their crop during

the dormant months. Cattle will graze

and browse thriftily in such pastures

till near the middle of December and

begin again about the middle of March.

During such winters as the present

one they will get a very considerable

part of. their thrift making sustenance,

between those dates. Sheep and hors-

es will dig, even in the deepest snows,

all winter, and thrive in such pastures

without other help. Ice, largely made

by the pressure of their feet on thaw-

ing snow, may seal much of the grass

away from the sheep, but between that

ice and the sod it will be economically

and perfectly preserved, sweeter in-

ocmparably, than silage, and the writ-

er believes, more nutritious; against

those days in March when the dissolv-

ing wind and sun exposes it gradually

in the most appetizing form, that is

not even surpassed by the delicious

new growth of April and May.



’Would that some captain of finance

might see his way to do something for

these Michigan waste places. We have

men Whom Michigan has made richer

than the dreams of Alladin, whose be-





ginnings were on the farm. Herev





peace and prosperity can be promoted

while dividends add to the joys of

public spirit.



Two—filths of southern Michigan, i.

e., the southern peninsula, lies above

a line drawn from the most westerly

projection of Saginaw Bay to most





westerly promontory at Little Point

Au Sable in Lake Michigan. Such av





line courses east and west at the mid-

dle of Bay, Midland, Isabella, Mecosta,

Newaygo and Oceana counties. Below





that line is as good land for farm ‘





homes as the sun shines on; largely

developed. Above that line the lands

average just as good but are largely

undeveloped. There are lands above

that line as good as any that lie below

it. And there are lands below that

line as poor as any that lie above it.





There is comparatively no difference,

The great bodies of;

water to the north, east and west mod- 1

ify all Michigan temperature. So much ‘

so that killing frosts frequently occur.

as far south as Indianapolis, before ;

the southern peninsula of Michigan is I





in the climate.





hit. The entire region of southern





Michigan from Midland to Mackinac:





being closer to larger bodies of water,

has, if anything a steadier climate,

and more healthful, the moderating in-

fluences of surrounding waters permit-

ting less fluctuation.

=8 "alt =8



The job of profitably developing

Michigan’s waste places is essentially

one for capital. It takes too long for

mere labor with a pittance of money

to change the wilderness into a profit-

able farm, though thousands upon

thousands have done it. After the

land is fenced and ranched and the





sheep, cattle and horses have profit»





ably disposed of the brush, letting the

sun reach the earth through their drop-

pings and making billions of grass

blades luxuriate where only bracken

and fern grew before. Then let the

small farm home come, and welcome.

Every forty will he wanted at an at-

tractive price and the farmer will





prosper from the start.

3 it 1‘





29—149





 





 





 





Just One Reading Brought Results





A northern Illinois farmer read just one copy of THE

BREEDER’S GAZETTE and sent in the price of a year's

subscription. He was not hasty in forming a conclusion. He

simply knew what he wanted when he saw it. This is how he

explains it:



“I find in your journal articles setting forth the experiences and veiws

ol the most successful farmers and stockraisers the country over, and also

the names and addresses of the most noted breeders and importers of

pedigreed stock.”



And Why did these things interest him? He states it briefly:

“A farmer should never lose opportunity to improve the quality

of his stock.”



"There you have. it. It is easy enough to understand Why a

reading of one issue of THE GAZETTE showed this Illinois

farmer that he had found what he was looking for.



There are lots of farmers who do not care for this journal,

and we are not trying to make the kind of paper they like, so we

are even. We know how to make that kind of paper, but we are

a little too proud to do it.





The founder of THE G \71’TTE, a man of far and clear

Vision, would likely haunt the mes-cut generation 1-: 11rvi11g' on his

work if we should attempt to make. such a papm as 1111111) fmmcrs

seem to like.



It is a lot easier and cheaper to make that kind of farm

paper than to publish THE (lAZET’ l‘ E once a week. And if

reports be true, there is more money in it.



There ought to be, as it costs a lot less to make them. And

until advertisers learn the fallacy of the quantitative theory of

circulation, until they learn that the character of a journal’s

constituency is worth more to them than mere numbers, it is

likely that the cheap sheets will make more money than those

which work constantly toward high ideals and command a con-

stituency of community leaders, who can ordinarily buy what

they want. ,



Perhaps you missed one point that our Illinois reader raises.

l He found that this journal contains articles from successful people

“the country over." THE GAZETTE is a journal of national

survey and circulation. No other farm paper approaches it in

. these respects. Are you a provincial, interested merely in the



things of your own neighborhood or state 01 section or do vou



desire to touch elbows with your fellows In their {aim and stock

T field the country over?



A year s subscription to THE GAZET’ l‘ E costs but $1, and



will include a big double Holiday Number, beautifully illustrated.



One copy of a regular issue will cost you nothing if you will

ask for it. Write for one today. Address





THE BREEDER’S GAZETTE

Room 1125, 542 South Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





PlCK this Gun; You Warn—VI: Can Sonar I?





 





 





 





 





 





—



Z I}

“Kill 1“ MI 1 m "LI-A IIAI. (cu ”AND 030V: “AND FOX IRAND mammal

can Inn- 41-- ma in. «:1. Ir 1-m- .2111! no Hi m: n 1111er 3‘ Protein \.





Selected Quality Cotton Seed Meal]





CRACKED CAKE (NUT mo PEA 512:) corrou SEED HULLSf





F. W. BRODE Q. (30.. Inc, Memphis. Tenn.





Headquarters for Cotton Seed Products

GOOD FOR





Wm





   





 





 





()nly feed mill that



successfully grinds snap corn at



me operation. Also grinds alfilfn.



clover, all loads of grain. Sllenl runnmg—buhls

selLshMpening and 3ch- arhgnlnc. Uses £55 Ens—gnome

10003000 he. one set buiws 10 days free mat Io cob



time you tine in in: grinding. capacity and light mun ‘

tic Let: is 100 '1‘ elicit-n: ‘





,quitrmn gag,





- Write today—gm: h. p. of your

engine-we [T send you valuable 4&-

page book' ‘Etfiucncy and Economy

in Feeding Farm Animals





Raised Withdutlifilk





H

_erna3eis“Daisy”and Merovme W. A.





Blatchford’s chin Meal"?





 





 





 





 





A useful eventive of scouring Calves

mse' d“'l‘be 1m ' - mm '

Lima and Mum-11 'w”,





 





 





 





F.8M‘Co" 139 “Jun-Stew
. l50f'30

BREEIIEIIS’ DIRECTORY.





Change of Copy or Cancellations must reach us

Ten Days before date of publication.





CATTLE.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS





HERD ESTABLISHED IN 1900.

TROJAN - ERICAS and BLACKBIRDS only.

Also breeders of Percheron. Hackney and laddle





Box-sec. _

WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionia. Mich.





ABERDEEN ANGUS





If you are in need of anextra good bull or a few choice

ouiig cows or heifers. we have them for 'bule. ()ur

herd is headed by the Grand Champion Black





 





 





Monarch 3rd. We invite you to come to our Farm ail-c

see them. They are bred right and iricod right. U. L.

Clark, Hunters Creek. Mich. Sit ncy Smith, Mgr.



Four young bulls also young

Aberdeen An “S cows and heifers. Extra good.

Priced rasonable. nquirc F. J. Wilber. Clio. Mich.





‘IIISIIIBES—One of the foremost dairy breeds. The

most economical milk reducers. Calves

for sale. White Leghorn oockere I: Duroc Jersey

swine. Michigan School for the Deaf. FliutJiichigan.





THE VILLAGE FARM,

Grass Lake, Michigan,

GUERNSEY CATTLE.





 





MILO D. CAMPBELL CHAS. J. ANGEVINE





BEACH FARM

GUERNSEYS





Combine quality and health, the foun-

dation ofa perfect Herd.





In the sixteen months we havc advertised in The

Michigan Farmer, we have sold 17 bulls aiidiillfemalcs

of our own brooding which we consider very satisfac-

tory \\‘Il(‘ll most lirccilcrs are complaining of slow

sales, llui good stock is always in (Il‘lllllllilfiVlll‘ll offered

at, fail-prices. It has been impossible to answer all

inquiries but_wc wish to thank all who have writtcn.





At present we have Registcrd Bull

Calves only for sale.





CAMPBELL o. AnoEva, Goldwater, Mich.

GU ERN S EYsanlaaso





Containin blood of world chamwons.

HICKS' GUER SEY FARM. Saginaw. '. 8., Mich.





. forsale,\’l'a.tervliet.Mich. llIay Rose

Guanseys reg Seven A. ll. cows ili herd.

Address J. K. Blatchford. Auditorium Tower. Chicago. Ill.





EGISTERED Young Guernsey Bulls. great grand-

R sons of Gov. Chane. Servicnble age nicely marked,

exceptional breeding. Avondale Stock 1* arm. Wayne, Mich.





of service age and calves from

Guernsey Bulls choice. Adv. reg. breeding.

T. V. HICKS, Route l. Battle Ceeek. Mich.





 





«MW—a mmmm.





I





THE M'ICHIGA





HERD





MaplooresiKorndykeHongorvoldand





butter in 7 days. His sire has sired three

of butter in a year.





Hengerveld Count eKol.

productive combinations in Holstein b





 





Michigan who are interested in yearly





yet produced for yearly production.





D. D. AITKEN, . .





Best Blood Lines. Individual Merit.





in Michigan we have him for sale.





DAIRY TYPE Plus PRODUCTION

Equals Crandall’s





Holstein Friosian Battle





Two very Good young Bulls for sale, Sired by Beauty Walker

Pietertje Prince 2nd. No. 107658. Dam. Hengerveld DeKol's

Best Daughter. Butter 33.62. milk 582.70. Write for Pedigree

ifwantilig bu .





Frank R.uCrandall & Son, Howell,Mich.





$50 gcts another 2 mo. old Hazel-lot grandsonof

Maplccrcst Dc Kol l’arthcnea and Pontiac

Maid 30.2 lb. butter 7 days. Dam trliccs to Pontiac

Koriidy kc iwicc l’iciortjo 2nd iwicc, DoKol 2nd five

times-x. M. L. McLIulin. Redford. Mich.





Britain! 6...... Initials:Richardson‘s

> up. Ypsilanti. Michigan.

I

Holstein Bulls Ready

0

For Servwe.





Gi‘aildsons of Friend Heugcrveld DcKol Butter

Boy and Pontiac Aggie Korndykc. From high

record A. R. 0. dams at farmers prices.



LONG BEACH FARM,

Augusta, Michigan. (Kalamazoo Co.)





 





 





 





 





Calves from A. R. dams and whose

‘IIGIIISC, 8“” dams are running for A. R. One ready

for service. ' G. A. WIGEN'l‘, Waterviiet, Mich.





a for sale from A. R. dams. 2 heifers bred to

uornseys freshen in June. 1 2-yr.-old bull and 3 bull

calves. Geo. N. Crawford. Holton. hiich,





Registered yearling Guernsey



I or Sale: lilill also liull Calves. \Vl‘itc

JOHN EBELS. HOLLAND. MICH. R. No.10.

EGISTEREI) Guernsey Bullsfrolu A. R. Dmnsmcady for

service. iubercular tested. also Registered Bullcnlvesfronl

LR. Dalns.ai Faruicrs' prices. Byersk' Barnes.(‘oldwatenMiclL





Choice Guernscys For Sale “Emigf’ers

J M. “'ILLIAMS, NORTH ADAMS, NIICHIGAN.





Herefords—3 Bull Calves





ALLEN BROS. PAW PAW, MICH





Do You Want A Bull?





Ready For Servoce.



mm a rand daughter of The King of the

Pgntiacm “Bired by a bill] that is more than a half

brother to the Champion Holstein Cow of the

World. and whose dam is a 30 lb. 6% 5 fat daughter

of Pontiac Aggie Korndykewho has more 30 lb.

daughters than any other liVing bull. If you do

write for pedigree.





EDWIN S. LEWIS, Marshall, Mich.





The Two Greatest Bulls





KING OF 'iIIE PONTIACS

IIF. hill Zd’s BUTTER BOY 3rd





I h '0 young bulls from cows having high oficial

recgi‘ds and Granddaughters of above bulls. Stock

extra good. Pricesreason ) .





BIGELOW’S noi§rnn FARMS,





BREEDSVILLE. MICH.





HATCH HERD





YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN





Registered Holstein-Friesian sires, grandson's of

World's vreatest dairy sire. out of choice A. R. O,

dams and King Pontiac Jewel Korndykc: Brother of

K. P. Pontiac Lass 44.1.3: average record of 50 dams in

his pedigree 31.13 in 7 days: average per cent of fat

three nearest dams 4.37: of his own dam 4.93. Sires in

first three generations already have over 600 A. R. 0..

daughters. A few females bred to “King". Prices

reasonable.





iisrrnsoon SALE





February 10, 1916.

Lilly of the Valley Farm, Ann Arbor, Mich.

l5—Pure Bred Holsteins—15

15—High Grade Holsteins—l5





7 day A. R. 0. records 16 to ‘23 lbs. Horses. mach-

inery and Pure Bred Durocs. Ask for catalogue.





S. M. OROM





OLSTEIN Bull Calf: Born Nov. 8th. A nice indi—

vidual.weil grown, about evenly marked. His dam

and Site's dam have A.R.O. records that average Butter

7days24.831bs. lilk 563 lbs. W. B. READER. Howell, Mich.





3190 Buys Reg. Holstein heifer 8 mos. old and

Reg. Bull 3mos. old. Not akin. Good

breeding. FERD J. LANGE, Sebewaing, Michigan.





 





Choice Holstein Bull Calves





Ready for service. World's Champion Parentage





IIILICIIES'I‘ FARM - Kalamazoo, Mich.

Special Notice





Registered Holsteins for Sale.

Our prcscnt. farm being more valuable for real

cstaicilian dairy farming, we are going to move

our licrd further out from the city. We have twelve

bull calves which will be sold at prices from $35 to

$150 according to brooding—A rare chance to buy





abull calf ata low price. . .

Espanore Farm, Lansmg, Mich.





' Bull Calves and Cows

I Have Holstein Bulls, .11... I one. .0. 8......

I can show breeding, records, individuality and ammo-

tive prices. L. E. CONNELL. Fayette. Ohio.





“.T0 P N 0TC Ii ” Ilolsicins





By careful retention, for many years, of largoatfpro.



ducing females. and use of superior sires. a breeding



herd of wonderful quailty has been established. “'6



are soiling young bullsof this‘fl ()l’ NOT(‘H"quality



of serviceable age, at inodcrafc prices. Information.

0digrccs,vtc.. on application. MCI’HERSUN FAIL‘IIb

0.. Howell, Michigan.





FOR SALE





Registered Holstein bulls ready for service; and

registered Holstein hull calves. the best breeding in

the world, grandsons of G race Fayne‘lnd‘s Homestead.

Pontiac Kornd ke, Kin r Fayne Segis and Hongerveld

De K01. The aims of t lose bulls and calves. have

large advanced registry records. For prices, write





Callam Stock Farm, 204 Bearlnger llldg.. Saginaw.lllch.

FOR SALE Registered Holstein Bulls





ready for service. and bull calves. also females.

FREEMAN J. FISHBECK. Howell. Michigan.





 





 





n ' t r d Holstein b11113 months old. Dams record

8ng 0 e 2511).. of butter and 500 in... of milk in 7

days. Sire, one of the best in Michigan. Mostly white

beautiful individual. delivered, safe arrival

guaranteed. Write for pedigree and hoto.

HOBART W. FAY. MA 0N. MICE.





 





l I I

ling. Mil” hflugor Glim- Ridfiui‘igfifiialigé’ig

ivere eac . loo 1 earlin bull 28lb. d

price. DEWEY c. Piadsomgnadiey. Mli'fiigii?





 





8 Reg. Holstein heifers, 4 are8 months old and 4 are 5

months, at $100 each. Also, 4 young bull calves at

$30 each. Ernest A. Black, R. 3. Howard City,Mich.





 





OLSTEIN Friesian son of G.Champion female Mich

H State Fair.A.R.O. 2 yr. 9 (lays 372.5 milk,16.143 but:

tor. Hengerveld DeKol breeding.JohnA. Riuke,R.1. Warren, Mich.





 





illiefiarmsteadl'JergenyattiT. Bull calves from R.

o . we. a so 0 or as ves d

heifers for sale. Colon C. Lillie. ngpergevlfizlllllm





 





HE WILDWOOD J ersev Herd. Re istered J rs

T Cattle of Quality. Herd headed by Majesty’s W02!

der W17. one of the best sons of Royal Majesty. The

dau liters of Majesty’s Wonder are mated to a son of

M esty sOxford King. Herd tuberculin tested. We

have for sale a few. choice young bulls for fall service





 





 





from high producingcows. Alvin Balden, Capac,Micb.





The two great Holstein sires at the head of the herd. Maplecrest Korndyke

Hengerveld's dam and grand dam each made more than iSOO-lbs. of butter

in a year, and including the great grand dam each made more than 30-le. of





Finderne Pontiac Johanna Korndykc is the son of the world’s champion

cow, Finderne Pride Iohanna Rue, who gave 28,403-lbs. of milk and made

1470-lbs. of butter in ayear He was sired by a brother to the 40-1b. 4 yr. old

Mable Segis Kornd ke. The dam of the sire is a 30—lb. daughter of Pieterje

This is believed by many to be one of the most





I take pride in tendering the services of these animals to the breeders of





yearly work that makes the greatest profit and our effort is along the lines of

yearly records. These two herd sires represent the highest culmination ever





A few high class heifers in calf to Maplecrest Korndyke Hengerveld. and a few bull

calves from dams with records as high as 30-ibs. butter in 7 days, for sale.





 

 





Duroc Jersey Bears and Sows

BROOKWAT'ERS’ WINNING COMBINATION





This is our record, one which we shall maintain. Choice fail and spring pigs and mature stock. Send for

9“" new circular and state your wants. Write or better come. If you wish one of the best young Jersey bulls





Brookwater Farm, Swine Dept, Ann‘ Arbor, Mich.





Milking Strain oi Shorihorns. “unfulfilifihimm





.2.





N: i F A‘ii Minis"





JAN. 29, 1916.





 





 





SIRES





Finderne Pontiac Johanna Korndyko





 

   

   

   

 





daughters that averaged over 1200-lbs.





 

   

   

   

   





reading.





 





7 I

to success. I have : very large and fine herd. Ev-

ery one an early developer. ready for market at six

months old. I want to place one hog in each com-

munity to advertise my herd.





O. s. BENJAMIN R, No. 10. Portland. Michigan





 





 





 





 

   





production. Many people feel it is the





 

   

   

   





 





FLINT, MICHIGAN.





Prices that will make you money.





 





SWIGARTDALE BERKSHIRES





Are the kind that win at the Fairs and also produce

the litters as all of our show stock are regularihroeders.

They have the size with the bone to carr them and

their breeding is unsurpassed. Alltholea ing families

are represented. We have a. few choice Spring lloars

now crowding the 300 lb. mark. for sale, )rices from

$20 up. We are now booking orders for all pigs for

January deliver . Can furniHh choice Trios not akin,

for $45 to $50. 0 Guarantee Satisfaction.





Swigarldalc Farm, Pclersburg, Mich.





of best breedingof various ages.either

BerkShIres scx. all registered stock, no akin.

special reduced price. Write your wants quick.

it itchell’s Lakeside Farms, 1L2. Bloomingdale. Mich.





 





Have a choice lot of‘ ilts. Iam breed-



Berksnires ingfornpring farrou‘v‘ign . Write me

your wants. A. A. Pattulio. Deckerv lle, Mich.



Sows bred for 8 ring farrowing



BerRShlre priced accordihg to market.

B. B. REAVEY. Akron, Michigan.



ONEsyEn WHIIEs.—Th£ long ty ehprolific kintd,



- oi . er sex. r 0 your wan s.



Meadow View Stock Form. B. 5. Holland. Michigan.





 





 





 





The All-Around



is thcfarmer’scow. She’shis

Jersey friend and pride—the beauti-

ful,gentle,ever-paying milk machine that lifts

the mortgage, builds up the fertility of the

farm, and puts the whole business on a sound,

paying, permanent basis. She ada ts herself

to all c imates and all feeds an does not

need fancy care. She matures early and

lives long. And she’s so sleek,cleancut and

handsome, as to be the family pet and

pride. She produces well

and sells well. Learn

about her in our fine, free

book,“About Jersey Cat-

tle." Write for it um.





THE AMERICAN JERSEY

CATTLE CLUB

346 WutZSdSL. N.Y.Ciiy





   





 

   

   

   

   

   

     

   

 





 





 





 





 





MAPLE Lane R. of M. Jersey Herd. Tubercul in tested



by the U. S. Government. For sale bulls. cows,

bull calves and heifer valves. The lowest record of any

mature cow iiathis strain is 553 lbs. of any buitcr.





VIN FOX. Allegan. Michigan.





 





erseys. Bulls ready for service. extra uality sired

by Jacoba's Fairy Emanon. No. 10711 . from hi h

producing dams. SMITH d: PARKER. Howell.Mic .





 





from high-producing d ms.with

.ICISGY BIIIIS Ior sale testing Asso. recordsfalso on

semi-official test. 0. B. Wehner. R. 6. Allegan. Mich





Chgslers and 0. I. 03.83;"; ”firfifll‘fik





. W. Alexander, Vassar. chigan.





DUROC JERSEYS





Choice Spring boars and fine lot of gilts we are

hreedin for Spring farrowlng from Michigan

Master ece and other noted boars. .‘Prices reason-

able. he Jennings Farm. ILL. Bailey. Mich.





DUROC JERSEY ‘fiprlii’évs‘iii’ifg





ready to ship. Carey U. Edmonds. Hastings, Mich





DUIIOG .IEIISEI BOIHS fill“? ‘°‘§§.§l”i’ifii‘"€?fgg





i s

not akin. W. C. TAYLOR. Elvillan. Michigan.





 





-li‘all and spring pigs either sex. from

Duroc Jars": choice strains. . C. STAHLMAN.

CHERRY LAWN FARM. bhepherd. Michigan,





I. W. KEEIEI, Erie, Mich. §§i§%8$.°ii.”i”if





local from Monroe or Toledo, Keeney Stop.





of the growthy. heav boned

IIIIIOG Jers.’ no.r: t o alsoa few ilts. ylnspec-

tion invited. E. D. HE DENBERK, ayland. Mich.





 





 





 





DUROCS of the best of brcedin . April furrow.

Either sex. The gilts WI 1 be bred for Apr.

fai'row. Price $20.00 to $25.00 while they last.



H. G. Keesler. R. No. 5., Cassopolis. Mich.





 





F0“ SALE Duroc yearling Sows and May Guts

o and Au ust Boars.

E. J. Aldrich. R. l. Tekonsha, alhoun Co.. Mich.





 





1’ ROC Jerseys. Yearling Sows & giltsbred for Apr.

farrow to it son of Orion Cherry King the greatest Boar of his

breed. Also fall pigs either sex. F. J. Drodt.R.l. Monroe. Mich.





 





ILLSIDE Farm Jerseys, yearling bulls. solid

color.half brothers to ex-world's-reoord senior 2yr

old and from B. of. M. dams. with records from 400 lbs.

to 800 lbs. 0. and 0. DEAKE, Ypsilanti. Michigan.





 





23 Regisiorod luberculin Lfiiéifllifgii‘lingfiliiallilr

HERMAN BARHS. Reese. Michigan.





BIDWELL SHORTHORNS





For “Beef and Milk"





Registered bulls,

Scotch - topped roans,

rods and white for sale.

Farm at N.Y.(l. epot;

also D. T. & I. R‘y.





BIDWELI. STOCK FARM





Box B. Tecumseh, Mich.





 





 





 





 





Albion Stamp 352670





 





 





Shorlhorn Calilc oi both Sex for Sale





W. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan.





Sh IIIIII —Dairy or beef bred. Breeding stock all

0 "I: ages for sale at farmers prices. C. W. Crum,

Secy. Cent. Mich. Shorthorn Breaderl' Assn.. McBride. Mich.





Shorihorn and Pollod Durhamsi‘lf.f‘"‘,%anflg‘gs

white. C. CARLSON. Le Roy. Michigan.





 





WARNER BROS. Almont. Michigan.



—3 Bull Calves Sired by a 30 lb. bull. 1 from

For 8|" a 28.58 1b. dam. Also 2 heifers s andlz')

months old. Wm. Griffin, R. No. 5, Howell, Mich.





B1 lls old enou h forservioe. Golden

Iwo Shorfllorn W'yiandotte Coc erels. Collie puppies

S. G. BELCHER. R. No. 5. Hudson, ‘Michigan.





SIWIIIIO For Salk—One red scotch bull 16 mos. Sire

"ls Upperinill Omega. One white scotch t0 -

ped. Sire Bright Sultan.W.B.McQuillan.Howell.Mic .





OR Sale—18 Reg. Short Horn Bulls by Maxwalton





Monarch 2nd,a son of Avondale, fromZ to 13 mosold

John Schmidt, Reed City. R. No. 5.. Michigan.





MllllING SiloliilioilNS.Y°ss‘;‘tih§‘sr‘e~





DAVIDSON & HALL. Tecumseh. Michigan





 





Advertised in this paper last week is sold

The Bu“ but I have another ood. robust young

bull, Ready for Service. sired

Coiantha Johanna Lad, Write, GEO. D. CLARKE,

Owner of Nederland Farms. VASSAR. MICH.





H008.

- . -~Grand bunch of Gilt:

Dumas & Vlctona Com rising the hood





W. J. HAGELSBAW.

due March andA ril. 0. I. 03$ 3July boars.





UROU Jerseys——A couple of choice gilts bred for

Apr. furrow. Also an extra good spring boar. Send

card for price. etc. L‘. R. Cornell. Howell, Mich.





 





IIII 00 Jerseys for sale—4). few choice tall pigs of either

I sex. Fancy Buff Rock cockcrels. JOH

McNICOLL, Station A. Route 4. Bay City, Mich.





 





DUROC Jersey Mar. gilts breedlfor April. Septpige

either sex all Holstein bull calves dz 4 Registered.





Holstein cows. E. H. MUlillIS. Monroe. Mich.





 





—A fine bunch of Bred sown

“Ca" Ballad nIII’IIGS and fall pigs For Sale.

M. A. BRAY. OKEMOS. (Ingham Co..) Mich.





 





' Chester White males and females. Re .

"CEBIOI'III Holstein male calves, herd bull and cow%.

Parham’s Pedigree Stock Farm. Bronson, Mich.





i z a . ' . .‘

DUROC JERSEYS 2.503253“,SEfieillfffilSerb?





sale. Wm.W. Kennedy, R. B. Grass Lake. Mich.





HAMPSHIRE SWINE A few choice March and

. I April boars. Also two

good yearling boars. Yearling and Spring Gilts sold

0 ion or booked, to be bred for March onA )I‘ll fa rrows

1* all pigs single. pairs or trios not akin. rice to sell.

VI rite me your wants. Floyd Meyers, Il.9. Decatur. ind.





 





 





 

 





   

   





. I

Stock For Sale—ill





Corrupondom Isllciiod





liollm Iln stains:





 





Iafixnmr-

‘I-‘l-CQV





 





Qmsm-u—flm-





 





REGISTERED o. I. c. BOARS a GILTS





Hi h class fall i s at re bl i .

i. CARL whim, £2233, R4 in?“





o I cls Fine gilt farrow in February. year-

. I ng, bred sows, price right.

A. n. GRAHAM. Flint. Michigan.





Yes, I will pay

0- I. C. SWINE express charges

to your express office on August and September pigs

durln the month of Januarv. I also have choice ilts

bred or April farrow. A. J. Gorden, R. 2. Dorr, 1\ ch.





0 l C SPRING BOARS of odd type and

‘ ' 0 Red Polied bul calves.

John Berner and Son. Grand Ledge. Mich.





 





0 I Servicable boars. .spring gilts and ta!

0 a 0 gigs not akin. Write for low prices and

photo. A. . Hatt. Grass Lake. Mich.





in Feb. 40 Big Stretchy Sow.



Bred Sow Sale and Gllts. Write for catalog.

Augusta. Hichigan.

Bred gilts with also





and quality. $22 to $30 each.

C. J. THOMPSON, Rockford. Michigan.





 





 





of Superha. Defender. Much 001.. rions and others.

Afew young boars. M. '1‘. STORY. Lowell. Mich.





Way Broilers Slack Farm. {3,83% giggling:





' ——Fine October i both

I.’IIIIIII Bud BorkSIIIIUS sexes, sired by I)Rgoflyalton for sale. Registered free. J. R. Way. Threenivcrs. Mich.





tIIJOIXipez-or. re late with papers at fair prices. Write





red - .

D. F. Va entine, Supt. Temperance. Michigan. 0. I. c serviceable boars, tried SOWB. gilts bred for





of best breeding. 8 coin] rice

.el'kSI'III'OS on two Spring oars.p

D. W. SMITH. Wixom. Michigan.





 





. March and April farrow. summerand fall pi .





Ipay express. G. P. ANDREWS. Daneville. Mic .





Breeders’ Directory—Continued on page 151.





 





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341%. 29: 19.4.5"





 





 





. 31—151





 





.5’_J_lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllmlllllllllllllllllllIllllllllmllllllllllllllllllllllllllllullllg

E - o . ' g

_—=: Veterinary. s

EllllllllIIIlllIllIII||||Illllllllllllmmllllllllllullmmll .





CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR. V. S.





 





Indigestion—I have a three-year-old

cow that is not thriving; her appetite

is not Mbe‘md occasionally I find

some blood hind her in stall. C. A.

L.,' Bendon, Mich—Increase her food

supply, keep her in a clean, warm,

well ventilated stable and give her 1,5

oz. of ground gentian at a dose in feed

three times a day.



Worms—We have a Collie pup that

is troubled with worms and would like

to know what to do for him. Miss N.

A., Milan, Mich—For every pound that

the dog weighs, give 1 gr. of powdered

kamala in a tablespoonful or two of

milk three times a week for two

weeks. If this medicine produces the

desired effect earlier, don’t keep up

the treatment.



Suppurating Ban—Last spring I pur-

chased a Collie dog which is now 18

months old; ever since I have owned

him he has had suppurating ear; now

his hearing is affected and what I have

done for him has not relieved him. F.

B. H., Jackson, Mich.—-Cautious1y and

slowly drop peroxide of hydrogen into

ear to clean out pus; then dust in fine-

ly powdered boric acid and his ears

should be treated daily.





Leucorrhea.-—I have a gray mare 10

years old that for the past four years

has raised a colt every year and came





in heat regularly until winter set in;





now she has a. bloody discharge and I

would like to know what to do for her.

W. A. T., Deerfield, Mich—Give her

1 dr. powdered sulphate iron and a ta-

blespoonful of cooking soda at a dose

in feed three times a day. Dissolve 1

dr. permanganate of potash in 2 qts.

of tepid water and wash out vagina

through a rubber tube with tin funnel

once a day. It is perhaps needless for

me to say that she should have good

care and be well fed.



Mare Took Cold.——I have a four-year-

old mare that seems to have taken

cold; runs at nose and coughs very

frequently, but she is in good flesh,

has a fine appetite, and the remedies I

have given her have failed to relieve

her symptoms. F. H. 8., Homer, Mich.

—Mix together one part powdered sul-

phate iron, two parts ginger, three

parts ground gentian and give her a.

tablespoonful at a"dose in ground teed

three times a day; Apply one part of

turpentine, and two parts of camphor—

ated oil to throat three times a week.





Chronic Cough—I have a gray mare

17 years old that has been troubled

with a cough for the past 12 months

and I would like to know what will

help her. P. S., Gladwin, Mich.l—-Give

your mare 1 dr. of Indian Cannabis, 1/;

dr. fluid extract of lobelia, and 1 oz of





ground licorice and 1/2 pint of; black





molasses at a dose in feed twice a day.

Rub throat with one part tincture of

iodine and three parts camphorated oil

every day or two.



Sore Necks—I have been a reader

of your paper for a year and have fail-

ed to see treatment for sore neck;

therefore, I would like to have you tell

me how to cure a case. I have washed

them with suds made by dissolving

carbolic soap in warm water and kept

the hair cut of short, but this treat-

ment fails to cure him. There is a

black scab on top of neck covering the

sore. C. P, Rodney, Mich—First of

all, an efiort should be made by the

owner of every work horse to prevent

sore neck, shoulders and back; how-

ever, it has often seemed to me that

far too little attention was given to

the matter of securing a. nice fitting

collar, then keeping it clean and dis-

infected while in use. Dissolve 1/1, lb.

of acetate of lead, 3 ozs. sulphate of

zinc and 3 ozs. of tannic acid in a gal-

lon of water and apply this lotion two

or three times a day. The black core

that you speak of should be cut out

an dthe raw surface painted with tinc-

ture of iodine occasionally.



Cow Gives Bloody Milk—I have a.

cow Whm udder is not tender or swol-

len, but I discontinued milking her

from this quarter a week ago. This

was. done 0n the advice of our local

Vet. on account of bloody milk coming

from this quarter. L. 0., Elm Hall,

Mich.——She Will doubtless be all right

when she comes fresh.



Wounded Teat.—I have a ersey

cow that has an injured teat caused by

another cow stepping on her, and I

have been obliged to use a milking

tube to draw oil milk; however, the

wound is entirely healed. 0. N. EL,

Stockbridge, Mich—Dilate teat canal

and you will be able to milk her with-

out the use of a tube.



Diphtheretic Roan—I have a flock

of sick poultry and would like to know

if you can give me any advice in re

fart] to the disease. Several days ago



noticed some of the hens’ eyes were





 





THE MICHIGAN .FARMER





swollen and sore; now, there are quite

a butcher of them with closed eyes





' and the ears and bill are covered with





a scab. Upon removing the scab and

forcing open the eye a yellow cheesy

matter is seen. It seems to spread

rapidly in the flock and two hens have

been found dead so far. As I have

never seen anything like it, I would

like to know if you can tell me what

to do for them. G. N., Dundee, Mich.

-—From the symptoms you give I am

inclined to believe that your fowls suf-

fer from diphtheretic roup and your

best plan is to improve conditions

about your hen house by cleaning and

disinfecting it thoroughly. Further-

more, it should be kept free from all

drafts and dampness. Dissolve a ta-

blespoonful of common. baking soda in

a part of tepid water and wash out

the nasal passage, using a medicine

dropper or small syringe, or use per-

oxide of hydrogen. But, you had bet-

ter used a soda sol tion first and the

peroxide a few mmutes later. Give

plenty of soft and easily digested feed

and be sure that they have plenty of

good water to drink. In some cases

the diseased portions of head should be

burned with lunar caustic or a hot

wire. Until you succeed in stamping

out this disease, don’t purchase any

more birds.



C. J. S., Scottville, Mich—See treat-

ment for contagious abortion in this

paper, and commence treating every-

one of your pregnant cows and those

that have aborted, as well as your

herd bull.





Dairy Question—What can I give a

cow to make her breed and how soon

after she freshens is it safe to give

her this medicine and breed her? I

would also like to know how to feed

a cow before and after calving in or-

der that she would not be bothered

with a clinging afterbirth. J. J. N.,

Plymouth, Mich—Cows usually come

in heat very soon after calving, but I

do not believe it best plan to breed

them earlier than from six to nine

weeks. This is a matter you must de-

cide for yourself. Cows should be well

fed and exercised before calving, at

calving time the bowels should be op-

en and the cow fed sparingly of grain

for two or three days after she fresh-

ens and if the afterbirth does not come

away in 24 hours it should be taken

from her by hand.





Collar Calls—I have a horse trou-

bled with collar galls on both shoul-

ders and I have applied three applica-

tions of liquid blister without effect-

ing a cure. Our local Vet. refused to

cut out the bunches as he said it would

leave a tender spot. I have bought

new collars and changed draft. Would

a breast collar of four to six inches

width help her any? The worst hunch

is about the size of a hen egg and has

been sore for several years. ‘R. J. P.,

Holton, Mich—The only remedy is to

cut out bunches, then apply one part

iodoform and nine parts boracic acid

once a. day until they heal. I have op-

erated on a great many hundred such

cases and the operation is invariably

successful; besides, it is the only hu-

mane treatment. You ask the ques-

tion how much turpentine and linseed

oil constitute a dose when given to a

horse that has worms? The dose is

from two to four ounces and it should

be given in eight to ten times its quan-

tity of raw linseed oil on an empty

stomach, to be most effective. When

giving this medicine caution should

be used and leave the throat and ton-

gue of the horse alone and never hold

his head too high for fear of some of

this medicine going down the wind-

pipe and producing mechanical pneu-

monia.



Eczema—Ringworm.—l bought four

calves at an auction sale a short time

ago and one of them had a sore around

the eye; now all the others are affect-

ed. The skin is dry and scurvy-like,

and I forgot to say that there are some

little rough spots on different parts of

body. J. W. 3., Scottville, Mich.——Ap«

ply one cart iodine and nine parts of

fresh lard to sore parts every day or

two: This is either a case of eczema

or ringworm and no matter which this

medicine should effect a cure.





Stunted Little Pigs Lung Worms.

———1 have a litter of small pigs about

three months old that don’t do well;

they look plump, but don’t grow a bit.

Some of them have a strange cough.

We were examining one today and had

him on his back, when we let him go

he could not get his breath. He would

choke and seem to gasp for breath,

then finally come out of this spell all

right. S. 8., Rockford, Mich—I am

somewhat inclined to believe that your

pigs are troubled with lung worms,

and as you perhaps know, medical

treatment in these kind of cases is of

little value. Inhalation of turpentine

fumes is said to do some good, but the

best results follow feeding plenty of

nourishing food and keep the pigs in

a clean, dry and warm place. If your

pigs have a good appetite and they

continue eating, they w' perhaps

gradually outgrow the di .





 





."l .

llw- Latest

Modem

Silage

Methods





Tellsyou

Ill there is to

how about pros-

aic-day silage feed-

lng—how to build silos.

Gives reliable and unbiased

facts (we do not sell silos) on

every silo built—home made—

Itave, hoop and octagonal silos—

Dlt. brick, tile, cement. concrete silos

~81! modifications. Also covers

every “rop used for silage—41 of them.

Here’s an entirely new book—264 pages

—better than former copies used as text

books in colleges. Copyrighted Novem-

ber, 1914. Ten page index. We send it

for 10¢ coin or stamps. Sand for this

new copy today.





Silver’s “Ohio”

Silo Fillers





Write for catalog and booklet

"Silo filler c” which

we send free. e lo:

and we send “ .rn

Silage Methods” With

them.





The Silver Mfg. Co.

390 Broadway. Salem. 0.





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Feed Ills,





Crush our com (with or without

shocks) and [find all kinds of

gram.





Stock Thrive Best

on Ground Feed





Bowshcr Mills are difi'erently con-

structed from . Light rpm-In.

—handy to ofiente. In lo‘nzeo

from 2 to 25 . P. Sold With or ._

without elevator. We plio ma «.-

Sweep Grinders. Write today.



ad oldor val-



. m Watdo ind mortar“.

D. N. P. BWSHER co.

Sou“! IOnd, Ind.





 





   





.J

I





   





__..-_ __ ,1





(m.

a ‘ .

.. ff. ‘3‘ ,p h -‘ .-

Fr‘ w:





u.‘





 





 





ll"





   

 

 

 

 





u.





CATTLE





 





 





‘ ' All from A. R. 0. Dams. Semi-of-

Cho'c. “OISleln Bulls- yenrly recurds'lZOlbs. butter inJr.

4 yr. old class to over H100 lbs. in mature clue Breedinztmo-

"Iing of the Pontiac!" and the "Demmick blood." Cherry

Crock Stock Flinn. Hilliards, Iich. I. E. anolee, Proprietor





ALFALFADALE herd of Holsteins. Contains aged

cows producing 52.94 lbs. of butter in? dayswl yr.o ds

producing 31.76: 3 yr. olrls‘producing $.37 and 2 yr. olds

‘25.” all ofllcially tested. . onselbrothers of these high

testing cows for sale. Geo. H. Gillespie & Somhdason, M ich.





 





 





FUR sale: A fine large Holstein bull call 90% white

“’9“ bred, abargain at $35. With papers. Semi for

Photo and Pctllgrce.W.C.Henrlee & Son.Pm(:kney.MlCh.





OLIJCD Durhama for sale. pure Short. Horns, bred

box-mess. Roge of Sharon and Young Mary, 2 bull:

12 n10.10young cows and Hellcrs.[..r.K-,ny, Plymouth Mich,





“008





Gilts bred for March. April and May

0 farrow. Recorded in buyer’s name.

W. MANN. Donsville. Michigan.





 





 





 





o- In

H.





? ° ' Four boars fit for

0. l. C s. Strictly Big Type. 3mg 1. o u ,

July boars. 25 Spring gilts, four fall yearlings. four tried

sowa, nll bred for Spring furrow. Also {all pigs not. akin.

Extra good ones. As I am crowded lor room, this good

stock will be sold at, Farmers' rices. They are good

enough that I will send them C. .D. & record them free.

Mariette. Mich. R. I.





 





Newman's Stock Farm.





0. I. C. and CHESTER WHITE SWINE





Big type with quality. “'0 have the undefeated breeders

young herd at seven State fairs this year. They were

sired by Abo 2nd, one of our many herd boars.

Special prices on all boars for the next. mdays. (let

a (lilt bred to the Great Schoolrnaster, the highest

)riced boarof the breed. (‘liampion over champions.

Vrite for our big catalogues with history of the best

herd in the whole country. Comeiand see them.





Bolling View Slack Farm. has Olly, Mich.





O l 0 Choice Spring hours and bred Gilts.

0 0 0 We pay Express and Register free.

Zeeland. Michigan.





 





 





Glenwood Stock Farm.





' ’ Attractive prices on full pigs

“Cgldired 0- l- c s- and last sprim: gilts. All from

large litters. Elmer E. Smith. Redford. Mich.





 





 





n I c, 20 bred sown for salt-J last Aprilgilts averaged 270

I I sllbIJanJlLI‘Jltl. They are a very crowthy lot. lluw

some May gilt! and last. fall yearlings,nlso in. few service boars

and plonbyof last {all pigs. Otto B. Schulze, Nashville, Mich.





 





o l 0 Choice gilts bred for April and May farrow.

o o . Also last fall pigs of excellen l~guality.

A. J. BARKER, ADA. MICK. R. . 3





 





o I c Sows bred for March and Aaril fa rrow. Priced

I l . to sell. frOm best of stock. 'rite for photo and

pedigree. E. :B. MILETT, Fowlerville, Michigan.





PllLA ll GHINAS





From our thousand pound Grand Champion Bear

and Big Stretchys‘ows of best breeding. Spring

Boar's at a bargain. Bred (tilts and Brood Son's.





llillcrest Farm, Kalamazoo, Mich.





B' '1‘ Poland China Brood Sow Sale Sat. Jan.

'9 ypc 39th. 50 Sous bred for spring littcrst‘

M offering excells any offering over oil'ered at. public

53 e in the State. Write for catalog.



WILLIAM WAFE‘LE. Goldwater. DIlchlgan.





IG TYPE P. 0. Either sex. pairs or tries not akin-

Bred sows and elite. Hove several moon). boar pro.

spects. Absolntol no larger breeding Everything

guaranteed right. ‘RLNK KRUGER. svennmllich





 





 





BIG typel’oland Chinas—W'estem bred pairs or trim

not akin.We have man y Fesenmeyer & George Mar:

shall breeding. Call oxwrito, W.Brewbskor& Sous, Elsie. Iich.





mm lllllll $3.: ”$31”? ““hlisii‘é‘tdifiéfili:



antoed. G. W. HOLTON, amnzoo, Michigan.



PM!“ Bill": “mgr’gd‘fifif'WMUGM

A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline. chhlgan.





 





 





 





l” :m' c afewchoicebouu of spring and

n . -enrly summer inn-ow. A chance lot

of spring Gilts bred for spring fan-ow sired by Big

Defender the bear that. every body goes Wild over.

H. 0. SWABTZ. Schoolcraft. Michigan.





 





L ‘l' P c Gilts and sows. Bred for Mar. and

.2552. marsh 'dii‘él’n as. s :3“: as



r, e r. r 0 1g

mu. m Wonder: andle Jumbo. four great-





 





d been In “ moor wriu. W.l.l.ivin¢flon.h.rmn.lieh.





ll pom POLAND CHINA Spring) Boers and

“W gilt not akin. Also older stock. rices right.

clvoc amen, st. Louis, Mich.





In Feb. 40 Big Stretchy sows

M 50W sale and Gllts. Write for catalog.

W. J. BAGELBBAW. Augusta. Michigan





‘ o—Bred from

Spring Pigs at Half Price. “101mm

strain of Poland Ohinas on earth. none bigger. f

you ever expectto own a registered Poland China,

this is your opportunity. Get. busy and order at once.

Pairs and trio: not skin 31.") each. A few bred sows at

825. J. O. BUTLER, Portland. Mich. Bell Phone.





 





 





Big Ty Boots all sold. Have several good Gilts

bre to Smooth Jumbo, Jr. ’l‘op Door of J. D.

Collin Sole. Priced right to goqnick. [.D. Gregory.lonio,hlich.





Poland China Guts. bred to a good





BIG no son of

W rml Wonder. He sold in Iowa for $625. This

will!) leaceyou . Robert Martin. R. 7, Hastings. Mich.





For Sale Poland china: Silli'zflfia‘fil miss:





 





 





P. 0. Long. R. F. D. No. 8. (lrand Rapids, ich.

I Poland Chinns. lloth sex and all nuesat

so, ll l’. Ruck





bargain prices. .

Doctoral; I09 RT NEVE. Pinion, Michigan.

POLAND China—Big and medium typc. Hilts bred

tobl twe boars for April fan-ow. Fall 11%;“ either

sex. f. . Barnes & Son. lcth.





EGISTEREI) Poland China Spring Hours and Sewn

t $15 each. Making thlsspcclal price to make room

10! others. A. G. Meade. Stanton. M ich.,Colbys Ranch.





' Gilt bredf s ri

Largo Yorkshire: mi... .17. 3.25

hours. Pi all es. Prices Reasonable. W. C.

COOK. cute 0. l. ADA. MICHIGAN.





Byron,





 





 





u I ' H Yorkslres Pay the



Jones Pays lho Freight Mortgage. un-dmm

for March and April farrowinc. Mezuluwluml Farm,

Watennnn & Water-nun. Ann Arbor. Mich.





-— Fall Pigs. Brood Sows and

mulch")! H088 Gilts. Young service Roars. P3

not akin.ertc for prices. 0. F.Bocon. R. 3 Britten,M



—Nothing for sale but Apr. Boats.





"ampshlr' "0g: ’l‘akingorders forsprinsrfiigs. V‘Vrite

your wants. John W. Snyder, ‘St. Johns, it. o. l. Mich'





SHEEP.

Oxiord [town Sheep. “° 22“,“..53333“





M. F. GANSSLEY, Lennon. Michigan.





 





Registered bred ewes. also ewe lambs.

Shro Shire These are first class sheep at reason-

able ces‘ (l. P. ANDREWS. Dansvillc. Michigan.





AUCTION SALE





50Extra recorded Shropshire ewes. 25 extra Duroc

sows. February 16th. at KOPE KONIFARM. Kinder-

hook. Mich. Write for catalogue and plan to come.





' —Yearlinu and rum lambs from (‘lunnpion

lumlm flock of Thumb or Mich. Also sch-ct Berk-

shire swine. Elmhurst Stock Farm. Almont. Mich.





HORSES





DUNHAMS

Percheruns





For Filly Years The Best





Send lor line Photographic

Catalogue.





D u n h a m 5,

Wayne, Dupage County, Illinois





[MEIR BROS.





We have 100 head of Belgian and Per-

cheron Stallions and mares. Imported and

home bred. We have sold pure bred horses

in Michigan for the last 25 years,and have

the right kind, and at the rightprice. We

can supply anynumberofwork horses,both

geldings and mares. Get in touch with us.





ucoNIER, INDIANA.

Percheron Opportunity





70 [lead must be sold to close Estate.





(,‘o-nci'al N1). 6716!} winner of chior Grand (‘ham-

pionship at 1911 Jim-rnational at head of herd

for two years.





A. A. Palmer, Estate

ran.) Orleans. (P. o.) Beldlnz. Mia]:





20 Head of Percheron 20





Stallions and Marco

As good as can be found. ltoyally bred. some of

them by the great$10.000. ('hampion Carnotl 66666).

All recordcd in l’. S. A. Stutlbook. If you want

good ones come and see me direct. They will be





priced right.

H. l. ROHRS &. SON. ll. 0. lo. 4. Napoleon, m.





JACKS

AND

MULES





Raise mules and get rich. 200

head fine large Jacks. Jenny‘s

and mules, 14 to 17 hands

high. Large registered jacks

and draft stallions cheap now.

Will trade, for sheep.cattle or

horses.Write for prices today .

SW5 guaranteed. Address

K LER'S JACK FARM





 





 

 

 

 





 





 





‘ .





 





West :lkton, Ohio



FOR S ALE—Registered Percheron Stallion Im-

. _ an Fillies at reasonable rices. ln-



spection invited. l‘. L. KING £8011. Olin omen“.





 





 





Registered Porcherons

Brood mares. Fillies and Young Stallions. Priced

to sell. Win invited.



I... C. HUNT & 00.. con lapldo. Mlcm





PcrchoronleolsleintJn us.8hvo ' . Dina

DORR D. BUILL. 1mm. chitin.





Registered Black Percheron Stallio

For sale' seven yrs.old. sound and a sure (A)?





 





 





 





MLI'eigt eighteen hundred lbs. rem -

58mm, . No.7. Traverse City. Michigan
E. ‘ ‘ , "’

. .. w, . . . A. .

~ . ’ _ ' ,, rn‘wu

‘ : W!

.. , .





YmiGet Spreader--lt Wk for the Auto





Are you one of those who have a certain amount to invest and do not know whether to

buy an automobile or a spreader? Get both!



You can do it,—-if you get the New Idea Spreader first. Your automobile is an expense

from the minute you get it—necessary and very desirable perhaps,——but still an expense. On

the other hand your New Idea Manure Spreader is a money-maker from the very start. By

enriching the soil through proper spreading it brings you enough extra crops to pay for your

auto or anything else you may desire.



Your New Idea Spreader brings money and your auto takes money. That’s the differ-

ence. The automobile is all right. We haven’t a thing to say against it. But we do urge as

a matter of farm business sense you get the spreader first. Then you’ll be making money

while you wait to buy your car. The figures given below prove you make money with a





w DEA





Registered U.S.Pat.0ff‘.





 





N





The fertilizing value of the manure from farm The New Idea spreads 7 feet wide, 'covers 3 corn

animals is surprisingly high. These figures are taken rows. It spreads beyond the wagon tracks so you don’t

from the estimates of government experts. Taking an have to drive over thespread manure. It spreads evenly,

80—acre farm as a basis, you are entitled to the fertility giving all the land an equal chance. This is important

from 4 horses, 15 head of cattle and 40 hogs, which has because uneven spreading lessens the value of the





 





\





the following manure value per year: manure. When too thick it burns the soil and bare

’ spots receive no fertilization. Five feed changes take

4 Horses $1 10.96 . . .

15 Cattle 439.05 care of any $011 conditions.





40 Hogs M The wide, even spreading is secured by our patented dis-

$100553 tributor which sends the manure whirlingin all directions. Double





, , , ' cylinders insure thorough pulveriza- We also build lhe"NISCO”

You are losmg at least half of this when you fail to spread tion and make it impossible to _a special low down





properly. This means a loss anyhow $502.76 per year which you choke the New Idea by over- type with narrow

could as well have in your pocket if you used a New Idea. loading. Our endless chain con- ‘4 frat!t truck.



The patented features on the New Idea enable it to spread veyor takes all the manure to

manure in exactly the right way, evenly and Wide enough to do the cylinders. None left to

the work with the fewest number of trips. freeze or rot. 4





Not a Gear to It





No gears to break, freeze or get out of order. The New Idea is operated by strong

chains. It’s always ready. Our direct axle drive and feed eliminate lost power. Feed

operated from one Slde of axle and spreader mechanism from the other.



The New Idea is low down for easy loading—43 inches high—and is of light draft.

It’s budt like a wagon box, steel reach underneath and strongly braced at all points,

espeCially around the cylinder to prevent cramping of bearings.



The New Idea is guaranteed for one year against breakage from any cause and

is unconditionally guaranteed against defective material or workmanship.





“Helping Mother Nature”

A Book For Practical Farmers F R E E !





 

 

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





This is not a catalog. It is not a fancy illustrated book for front porch ,. ls

farmers. It is a practical book of facts for the man who actually farms. 0

Gives the results of government experiments in fertilizing. Shows the value 13 the





of manure and how to apply it to get the biggest crops. This book is

worth money to any practical farmer but you can have acopy free if you

apply right away. Ask the New Idea dealer, or if there is none near

write us for free copy of “Helping Mother Nature” and our catalog.





New Idea Spreader Company \\





152 First Street p ‘ Coldwater, Ohio





BOOK