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The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





VOL. CXLV. No. 9

Whole Number 3877





N the development of a farm. from

the raw, wild state to the improved

condition, improvements usually



come about in this order: erection of

house and barn, clearing of land, build-

ing of fences, erection of other farm

buildings, such as silo, chicken house,

hog house, granary, tool house and

finally the replacing of the original

house and barn with new structures

equiped with all the modern conven-

iences. So far as the farms of the

Saginaw Valley are concerned, the task

is not completed at this point. Few, if

any, farms in this territory are pre-

pared for the most profitable produc-

tion until they are tile drained. In

fact, so important is this matter that

in the case of the more fertile soils of

this area after the erection of a house

and barn, the most important improve-

ment is tile drainage.



The Relative Importance of Tile



Drainage.



It has been proven by the experience

of successful farmers that the fertility

of a farm can be maintained without

stock. Furthermore the raising of

crops on productive soils and dispos-

ing of them at the present prices is

fully as profitable as selling these

crops through the medium of live

stock. It therefore follows that the

logical order of improvement on farms

having soils of this character is tile

drainage immediately after the erec-

tion of necessary buildings and the

clearing of the land. Heavy, wet soils

will be greatly injured by tramping of

stock. Furthermore the purchase of

stock will require capital that should

be invested in tile. Therefore fences

are not necessary at this stage in the

process of development, and the mon-

ey required for the same can be put

into soil improvement. The soil is the

foundation of agriculture; the build-

ings, fences, live stock, etc, are super-

structure, or accessories. Until the

foundation is secure the wise farmer





 





.11...”-





 





A Splendid Grade was Obtained -by

Careful Hand-work as Shown Above.





By EARL P.





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1916





ROBINSON





County Farm Agent, Saginaw County





will not put more money than is actu-





ally necessary into other improve-

ments.

The Cost and Returns.



Money spent in tile drainage is mon-

ey well invested. The average cost of

tile draining an acre of land in North-

eastern Michigan is about $15. Inter-

est on this sum at six per cent is 90

cents. The maintenance of drains





properly constructed will not amount





themselves. The seasons of 1913 and

1914 were both very satisfactory, on

the whole, and bumper crops were

promised, until along in August there

came a couple of extremely heavy

rains that destroyed or badly injured

thousands of acres of crops on untiled

land, while crops on well tiled land

were, for the most part, little injured.

These two or three heavy rains were

all that stood between hundreds of





 





 





 





 





Modern Tile Ditching Machines do Rapid and Effective Work.





to more than two per cent of the cost,

so the total expense will be about $1.20

per annum. In other words, if an acre

of tile drained land can be plowed, fit-

ted, sown to a crop and the crop be

harvested as cheaply as an acre of un-

tiled land, then at least $1.20 worth

more of produce must be grown in or-

der to make tile drainage a profitable

investment. That it will do this and

much more is the opinion of thousands

of farmers who have tiled. In fact, I

have heard many of the best farmers

in Saginaw, Gratiot and Isabella coun-

ties state that tile will pay for them-

selves in the first and second years af-

ter being laid. I know from bitter ex-

perience in the season of 1914, which

was a pretty good year, that the loss

of a bean crop on a certain field of my

own farm amounted to more than the

cost of tiling an area twice that size.

I have in mind a farmer who last

spring laid nine miles of tile. He was

offered $15 per acre cash rent for 40

acres of this tiled land on which to

grow sugar beets. The farmer decid-

ed not to accept the offer, and he put

in this field and 30 acres in addition

to beets himself, because he figured

that he could make better money. He

has made big money, but the results

would have been quite different had

this land not been tiled.

Tile Drainage is Insurance.



Tile drainage is more than an invest-

ment, it. is insurance. Every other in-

vestment on the farm increases the

risk. If the farmer erects a fine barn

he is not safe until he has it covered

by insurance. If he invests in blooded

stock he must protect his investment;

but. tile drains are a protection in





farmers and profitable crops. These

cases are parallel in many respects

with the single bolt, of lightning that

wipes out the profits of years. Such

cases strongly impress upon us the

fact that there are many chances of

failure, and the maximum success can

be obtained only by reducing these

hazards.



Among those unacquainted with tile

drainage it is generally supposed that

the only benefits received are in wet

years. As a matter of fact, crops on

tile drained land are, on an average,

better every year than on untiled land

of the same type. When one considers

what actions take place because of

the presence of tile in the ground he

will not, be surprised that. crops are

better on tile drained land.



Tile Drains Increase Length of Season.



Surplus snow and ice water is quick-

ly removed in the spring so that rain

water, which is generally much warm-

er, penetrates the soil to a consider-

able depth and warms it. The result

is that the soil is in condition for sow-

ing crops sooner.



Without tile the soil remains water

soaked a long time and becomes pud-

dled and soggy. This condition which

is very unfavorable to the growing of

crops, is common in undrained soils,

and is as detrimental in dry years as

in wet. The fact is that when the dry

weather sets in the puddled soils that

were previously water soaked, become

hard and dry sooner than soils that

have not been too wet at any time.

Well drained soils are generally in fit

condition for cultivation when they

need it, while soils not tile drained fre-

quently are not.





50 CENTS A YEAR.

82 FOR 5 YEARS.





Tile Drainage In the Saginaw Valley





The man on the tile—drained farm

has a great advantage over the man 011

the untiled farm in the matter of get-

ting his work done. I find that the

farmers in the better drained areas of

Saginaw county get to work on the

land a week or ten days earlier than

those living on the undrained areas.



Then there are fewer days wasted

from time to time throughout the sea-

son on' account of the condition 01‘ the

soil. When it comes to harvesting in

a wet season like the present one,

there are fields which cannot be en-

tered with teams and machinery on

account of the excessive moisture. The

result is that the necessary labor can-

not be performed and severe losses oc-

cur with crops that might be harvest-

ed had there been a good tile system

to quickly carry away the surplus

water.



Object Lessons Important.



Years ago a good deal of tiling was

done in Iv‘rankenmuth and Blumfield

townships and more recently the farm-

ers have been active in making this

improvement in Buena Vista township

and the extreme western part of this

county. Some, other parts of the coun-

ty needing tile drains fully as much as

the areas mentioned have tiled little

or none at, all. This, like many other

things, is largely a matter of example.

Somebody must start the ball rolling.

When this improvement is introduced

on some of the farms, the neighbors

are not slow in appreciating the ad-

vantages. They will soon notice that

their progressive neighbor gets onto

his land earlier in the spring, gets

along better with his work through

the summer, suffers less from floods

and secures better crops. I find in

this situation a strong argument for

farm demonstration. The county agent

will have accomplished a good work if

he gets drains properly installed on

some farm as a demonstration of their



(Continued on page 270).





 





 





The First Beet Crop Grown on this 70

Acres After Tiling Brought $6,250.
266—2





The Michigan Farmer





Emblished 1843. Copyright 1916.





The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.





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TERMS or SUBSCRlPTION:



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Enterd as second clan matter at the Detroit. Michigan.

poltofficc.





DETROIT, FEB. 26, 1916





 





 





A FEW LEADING ARTICLES OF

THE WEEK.





 





Tile Drainage in the Saginaw Val-

ley.———Urging tile as a most profit-

able investment ................ 265



The Bean Disease Situation.———As

viewed by Michigan’s specialist

in bean diseases. . . .. ............ 267



Everbearing Strawberries.——From

the standpoint of commercial pro-

duction ........................ 271



Cattle Feeding in Michigan—De-

scribing the attitude of a practi-

cal feeder ..................... 276



The Man, the Cow and the Farm.—



A discussion of the personal equa-

tion as related to dairying ...... 279



Constructing the Poultry House.—

Essential Factors to be Consider-

ed ............................. 292



How to Sell the Big Crops—Meth—

ods employed by co-operative pro—

ducers’ associations ............ 295



Gasoline and Alcoho|.—A discus-

sion of the availability of alcohol

asafuel.... ......... ...........300





ALWAYS SIGN YOUR NAME.





 





Inquiries are often received from

parties who desire information, but

who neglect to sign their name to the

communication. Such inquiries are

not given consideration under our rule.

The name of the inquirer will be with-

held from publication when this is re-

quested, but it must accompany the in-

quiry as an evidence of good faith, or

same will not be answered through

our columns.





o





THE FARM GARDEN.





 





Our next issue will contain several

special articles relating to the farm

garden, which will be of special inter-

est to every reader who would make

the farm garden contribute its full

share of delicacies to the farm table.





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





A subscriber asks



Judging Live Stock for the discussion

at the Fairs. through these col-

umns of whether



it is better to have the judging of live

stock at local fairs and in other show

rings done by a single judge or by

three judges acting together, and why?

By way of opening this discussion let

us recount briefly the advantages of

having a single judge, as is the almost

universal practice in all show rings at

the present time. In the first place;

the judging of any breed of live stock

in the show ring should be done by a

judge or by judges who have a thor-

ough knowledge of the desirable points

of the breeds which they judge. It is

ordinarily quite difficult to get even a

single judge who is thoroughly compe-





TH‘E MICHIGAN FARME'R





tent from a technical Standpoint to

place the awards in accordance with

the merits of the respective animals

entered in conformation with the scale

of points established by the record as-

sociation of the breed. Too often the

officials of local fair associations do

not give the matter of selecting judges

the attention which it merits.



The very best plan of selecting the

judges for this‘ work is through corres-

pondence with the officers of the state

breed associations. These officers will

gladly suggest the names of men who

would make competent judges in the

different breed classes who are so lo-

cated that the cost of securing their

services would not be large. When the

awards are placed by competent judg-

es the show ring becomes of greater

educational value to the patrons of the

various breeds who show their animals

in same, as well as to that portion of

the public which may have sufficient

interest in the competitive exhibits to

watch the placing of the awards.



The plan above suggested is the one

followed in all the larger show rings of





the country where the competition is '7





open to the world or to the breeders of

several states, except that in this case

the national breed associations are

asked to suggest names of men who

would make good judges in these

events. It is the usual custom to ask

for the suggestion of several names so

that the officers of the fair or other ex~

hibition may have the opportunity of

choosing from among those whom it

may be easiest to obtain, or who for

any reason they may prefer to ask.

Where it is attempted to have more

than one judge, the problem of secur-

ing competent men to place the awards

is multiplied. There is also a greater

chance of dissatisfaction in the man-

ner in which the awards are placed

whenever the judges may not be unan‘

imous in their opinion as to the man.

ner of placing them.

It is unfortunate

A Fine Point in Farm for them, and

Management. for the business

in which they

are engaged, that most farmers, and

particularly those who are developing

new farms, are unable to properly

finance their business during the proc-

ess of its development. It becomes

necessary for them to choose which

one of several needed improvements

or investments they will first make.

Naturally it is to their advantage to

choose the investment which will add

to the producing or earning capacity

of their business rather than one which

satisfies a real need which can, how-

ever, be deferred until a later date

without hindering the immediate de-

velopment of their business plant.



The leading article of this issue em-

phasizes the fundamental fact that the

soil is the foundation of agriculture,

and that until this foundation is made

secure, the wise farmer will not put

more money than is actually necessary

into other improvements: in other

words, when there is an opportunity

for choice between investments, one of

which will add to the fertility or possi-

ble producing power of the soil, that

investment should be considered a fun-

damental or basic one and be given

preference over a more superficial

need. The article above mentioned em-

phasizes the fact that in the territory

described tile drainage is a basic or

fundamental investment which? should

be made as early as possible in the de-

velopment of a farm plant.



In another soil fertility article writ-

ten with a particular View to the needs

of the farmers of another section of

the state, the writer, also a county ag-

ricultural agent, emphasized the para-

mount, importance of adding vegetable

matter or humus to the soils of that

community. In that case the invest-

ment required in the fitting of the

land, the sowing of supplementary

crops for green manure, and in many

cases the application of lime to pro-

mote the vigorous growth of soil im-

proving legumes, was pointed out as

the most urgent need of the average





farm and the best investment‘wvhich,

the farmers of that Section could make.



This -matter of choosing between

needed expenditures for the improve-

ment of the farm plant is a point in

farm management which should be

given the most careful consideration

by every farmer in the state. The

fact that the fertility of the farms of

most sections of the state has become

somewhat depleted rather than improv-

ed with the passing years, is proof

that this point has not been given the

attention which it merits in every' case

and probably not in a majority of cas-

es. Truly the soil is the basis of suc-

cessful agriculture, and in conserving

and increasing its fertility the home-

owning farmer is starting right in the

solution of the vexed questions of farm

management.



The leading article of this week will



not interest every reader of this paper

from a technical standpoint, yet we

trust that it may at least suggest a

careful study of this basic question of

farm management, to the end that

such steps as are needed to conserve

and increase the fertility of the soil on

each and every farm may be given

proper consideration, and in so far as

they require an investment of labor or

money that they be given the prefer-

ence over other and less pressing

needs.

In the columns of a

recent issue will be

found a report of a

discussion held at the meeting of a

farmers‘ organization, at which the

question of taxation was the subject

under consideration. As is the case in

most discussions, the speakers aligned

themselves on opposing sides in this

discussion. ()ne side expressed great

dipleasure at the increase in taxation

and vigorously criticized public offi-

cials responsible for such increase.

They believed in the liberal support of

state institutions as a general propo-

sition, but thought the farmers should

not be oppressed thereby. Another

faction took another point of view and

advanced the proposition that increas-

ed taxes were not a calamity, provided

the public got value received from the

investment, and that the public could

choose other officials if not satisfied

with present incumbents.



This idea affords a suggestion upon

which every taxpayer might act to ad-

vantage. Just put in a half-hour study—

ing the tax receipts to determine in

what general manner the money con-

tributed was expended. If this is done

the average tax-payer will find——doubt-

less with some surprise—that, the larg-

er items are due to the expenditures

with which he is most closely acquaint-

ed. Generally the school tax will be

found to be the largest, and very few

thinking men believe that our local

schools are either too numerous or too

good. The next largest item of cost

under normal conditions will be the

tax for highway improvement. There

is undoubtedly a growing feeling on

the part of the farmers of the state

that they are getting value received

for expenditures of this kind. Under

normal conditions the cost of running

county and township municipalities

will about equal the amount of the

state tax, and a little time devoted to

ascertaining the cost of various items

of township, county and state admin-

istration will be time well expended.



It will be easy to begin this investi-

gation with the township by carefully

looking over the printed statement of

township expenditures which is avail-

ableto every elector on town meeting

day. Later follow the report of the

proceedings of the county board of su-

pervisors carefully, and next year

when the Legislature is in session,

make a study of the appropriations

made for various state purposes. In

this way every tax-payer will be bet-

ter informed as to whether he is get-

ting value received for this compulsory

expenditure, and such criticisms as

are made will be more effective by be-

ing given concrete rather than general

application. The tendency toward





Value Received.





FEB. 26, 1916.





higher taxation is regrettable, and it is

most impotant that the taxpayers

should get value received for their tax

money. ' ' '





 





HAPPENINGS OF ’THE WEEK.





 





Foreign.





The European Wan—What appears

to be the most important event of the

past week in the great conflict was

the capture by the Russians of Erzer—

um, a strongly fortified Turkish city

located a hundred miles south of the

eastern extremity of the Black Sea.

The Russian forces are continuing

their advantage by conquering smaller

places to the right and left of this

city and now the port of Trepizond on

the Black Sea is threatened by both

land forces and the‘Russian fleet, and

also Diarbekr which is far inland and

near the Bagdad railway. Should the

Russians be favored with victory in

the latter instance it will go far to

ward relieving pressure against Eng~





lish troops surrounded near the lower ,





Tigris river. Allied forces have taken

over most of the railroad lines of

Greece. Italians and Austrians are

close together near Durazzo, Albania,

and a battle is impending. There have

also been minor .engagements along

the fronts of Northern Italy. Violent

artillery fighting occurred in the

Dvinsk district on the Russian front

and in Galicia there is greater activ-

ity between Russians and Austrians.

Germans captured 350 yards more of

trenches from the English north of

Ypres on the Yser Canal. Frequent

artillery duels have occurred at other

points on the western front, with nom-

inal results.





The executive authorities of Berlin

have decided to limit the sale of but‘

ter to a quarter of a pound for each

person weekly. '



A’munition plant at Monckton, N.

B., was destroyed by fire last Sunday

night.



In order that she may maintain her

neutral position, Roumania has offered

to sell wheat to all belligerents, upon

the condition, however, that none be

exported from her territory.



Wheat in Liverpool sold at $2.11 per

bushel last week, which is the highest

price since the Franco-Prussian war in

1871. High ocean freight rates which

amount to 48 and 50 cents per bushel

from America to Liverpool, and 75

cents per bushel to Mediterranean

ports are responsible for the wide mar-

gin between prices in England and

continental Europe, and the United

States.



Conditions are apparently improving

in Mexico. Although Gen. Villa, the

rebel chief, has thus far escaped his

pursuers, his forces are so small and

poorly equipped that operations by him

are not being so seriously considered

as a short time ago.





National.





Legal controversy over the owner~

ship of the prize ship Appam at New-

port, Va.. is now in the hands of the

Federal District Court. The develop-

ment of the proceedings is being

watched with great interest, owing to

the international questions involved.



Mystery surrounds the illness of 35

persons who were compelled to ask for

medical aid after partaking of a church

dinner given at Carnegie, Pa.



The defendants in the famous East-

land tragedy case were acquitted by

Ehe 1United States court in the recent

ria .



The request for a war ship to carry

a supply of milk to infants in Germany

and Austria has been declined by See-

retary of the Navy Daniels.



Relief work around Newellton, Lou-

isiana, where high water has flooded

practically all of the low country,

must be continued for perhaps a week,

as many outlying districts must be

reached by steamers. The condition

of the marooned refugees is still un-

certain.



The census bureau at Washington

estimated the population of the United

States on January 1 at 102,017,036.



The fifty—sixth annual convention of

the National Educational Association

is being held in Detroit this week. Ful-

ly 5,000 delegates will be in attend-

ance.



An epidemic of distemper among the





horses in upper Michigan is seriously "





hampering lumbering and wood cutting

activities.



New York state is seeking to have

the treasury department at Washing-

ton enforce an order to stop the im-

portation of anthrax into this country

from China and South America. The

disease is brought in on hides and can

be destroyed by proper disinfection.



Fort Wayne at Detroit will not be

abandoned as an army post. The in-

crease that is certain to result from

the present agitation for a larger

standing army will make necessary

the use of all army posts now avail-

able for the training and housing of

the soldiers. - »





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FEB. 26, 1916.





THE MICHIGAN, FARM'E'R





The Bean Disease Situation





Address given by Prof. J. H. Muncie,

C., before the: recent meeting of the

ICHIGAN, as every grower well

knows, ranks first as a bean

growing state. During the past

ten years, this state has planted annu-

ally an average of about 400,000 acres

to this crop alone. The average yield

for this period is approximately 4,500,-

000 bushels of dry edible beans.



As beans came to be grown on a

larger scale, the farmers realized more

fully, the peculiarities of this crop and

its limiting factors.



During the past season, due to ad-

verse weather conditions and diseases,

only about 40 per cent of a total crop

was harvested in the state. This

amounted to approximately 3,800,000

bushels of beans.



The Department of Botany is con-

cerned with one factor in bean produc-

tion, the control of bean diseases.

These diseases are known as the bean

anthracnose and bean blight.





Anthracnose.



Bean anthracnose is caused by a

very minute parasitic plant, called a

fungus. The root—like threads pene—

trate the seeds and thus the disease

organism is carried to the field on the

seed beans. The moisture in the soil

necessary for the germination of the

seed, causes the dormant threads or

mycelium to grow. When the diseased

seedling pushes its way above ground,

the anthracnose is readily seen as red-

dish brown or black sunken spots on

the seed leaves. From the seed leaves

it spreads to the stems and leaves.

The disease is easily recognized on the

leaves by the reddening of the leaf

vines. And later it spreads from the

leaves to the pods. On the pods the

characteristic reddish brown or black

sunken spots are formed. After the

pods become diseased the fungus push-

es its way through this tissue into the

seed within. On the seed it produces

a reddish brown and black circular

spot.



Blight.

The bean blight is caused by a bac-





terium. It also is carried into the field

upon or within the seed. The progress

of the blight is very similar to that of

the anthracnose. Its first appearance

above ground is as amber-colored

blotches on the seed leaves. Spread-

ing to the leaves it first produces a

watersoaked, area usually on the mar-

gin of the leaf. This, water—soaked area

later drys out, becoming brown and

papery. 0n the pod it produces am-

ber-colored flecks or blotches. The

bacteria penetrating the pod produces

yellowish blotches on the seed. These

yellowish blotches on the seed are

commonly mistaken for frost injury.





How these Diseases Spread.

The growth, spread and severity of





these. diseases depend to a great ex-

tent upon weather conditions. Wet

weather during the growing season

causes an increase in the amount of

disease present. Continued dry weath-





er during this season checks these dis--





eases. Moisture is absolutely essen-

tial to the growth and spread of both

diseases. .



Since the spores of the anthracnose

organism and the bacteria of the blight

organism are present on the dew or

moisture on the diseased spots, beans

should not be cultivated while the

plants are wet. To do so will spread

the diseases. It is very frequently the

case that beans on heavy undrained

land are much worse affected by these

diseases than the beans on light or

well drained soils. The relatively high-

er amount of moisture in the heavy or

Undrained land and consequent great-

er humidity of atmosphere immediate-

ly surrounding the plants are more

conducive to the growth of these dis-

ease organisms. Bean land must be

well drained.



Diseases do not Live Over in Manure.



The question has often been asked

as to whether these organisms live ov-

er from year to year in the bean trash





Specialist in Bean Diseases at M. A.

Michigan Experiment Association.



or bean manure applied to the soil as

a fertilizer. To solve this problem we

have carried on some experiments.



Diseasedbean fodder was fed to a

cow and the dung collected. Sterile

soil was fertilized with the dung and

the disease—free beans planted in it. No

evidence of these diseases was found

on the plants. A solution of this dung

was also made and sprayed upon dis-

ease free plants. In this case, also, no

evidence of these diseases appeared.

From the results of this experimnt we

may conclude that the casual organ-

isms of anthracnose and blight do not

survive passage through the alimen-

tary tract of cattle and are not trans-

mitted to the soil in the dung.



In a second series of experiments

sterile soil was inoculated with diseas‘

ed bean stems, leaves, pods and dust,

from the thresher and left out of doors

all winter. Disease-free seeds were

planted in the summer in this soil and

in uninoculated sterile soil. The an<

thracnose made its appearance upon

the lower leaves of the plants in the

inoculated soil while there was no dis-

ease found on the plants upon the ster-

ile soil. Later in the season the blight

also appeared on the plants on inocu-

lated soil and spread to the plants on

sterile soil. The results of this ex-

periment point rather conclusively to

the fact that: these organisms can live

over in the soil on diseased bean trash.

Hence, the trash should not be plowed

under and beans planted on this soil

the following season.



Clean Seed'the Only Insurance.



For the past two seasons we have

planted bean seeds treated with var

ious chemical solutions, dry heat and

hot: water. So far these treatments

have failed to control (the anthracnose

and blight. Spraying with bordeaux





free from disease had they not been

planted in the same field with our own

home-grown seed which produced bad-

ly diseased plants.



We have found, from data collected

during the past three seasons, that

early maturing varieties of beans have

a smaller amount of diseased seeds

per bushel than those of later matur~

ing varieties.



Because of the early ripening and

consequent drying of the pods, the pro-

gress of the disease organisms through

the pod into the seed is greatly check-

ed. The variety upon which these data

were collected is known as the Early

“'onder.



A Possible Solution of the Seed

Problem.



For the past two seasons we have

grown Early Wonder beans in the state

of \Vashington. The seed sent out

there in 1914 picked two pounds. Sam-

ples of the beans from this seed show-

ed a small percentage of diseased, dis-

colored beans. Samples of the plants

from the 1915 crop pulled at, random

from the field and sent back to us,

showed minute blight blotches on the

pods and no anthracnose. There was

no evidence of either disease on the

seed from these pods.



It. may be possible to grow Michigan

beans under dry weather conditions in

western states and bring the seed back

for planting.



An anthracnose-resistant red kidney

bean has been found in New York, but

so far no disease resistant white pea

bean has been discovered. However,

it is possible that such a resistant:

white pea bean may be found and it,

would repay one’s efforts to keep on

the lookout for disease-resistant bcan

plants.



Vt’e recommend that early maturing

varieties of a known high yield and

low pick be planted.



Beans for a. small seed plot: should

be selected while in the pods. Select

for seed, from the field, the beans in





 





 





 





 





 





The Ultimate End of the Old Rail Fence.





 





 





mixture has not given satisfactory

results.



Much can be done to eliminate these

diseases by carefully hand-picking the

bean seed, but this does not entirely

control them. All clean appearing

seeds are not free from these diseases.



It is a good plan to save for seed the

beans in pods relatively free from

these diseases. The grower can go

through his field and pull up the vigor-

ous plants showing little disease on

the pods. In this way vigorous seed

with little disease can be secured for

planting the following season.



This plan has been tried by Mr. A.

13. Cook, of Owosso, and is very satis-

factory in reducing the amount of dis-

ease on the crop.



Some Experimental Knowledge.



Since wet weather is necessary for

the development of these diseases, it

was thought advisable to try out seed

from regions having a dry growing sea-

son. White Navy Beans were obtain-

ed from Idaho, Arizona, California, and

planted in the test plots. The plants

from this native western seed were

not only badly diseased but failed to

mature during our growing season.



It is very possible that these plants

would have remained comparatively





the cleanest pods on the most. thrifty

and productive stalks. Carefully hand-

pick the seed thus obtained. Vv'hile

hand-picking does not entirely elimi-

nate these diseases, it decreases the

amount of disease put into the field on

the spotted soil.



The outlook for next year is encour-

aging. In spite of the bad season, it

seems likely that a grade of beans bet-

ter than that. of previous years will be

planted. This is due. to the widespread

and vigorous attempts which are be-

ing made by bean jobbers and farmers

to get seed of low pickage from the lo-

calities where the weather conditions

were not, conducive to the spread of

the diseases. Such clean seed, if thor-

oughly repicked to eliminate all stain

and spot will constitute as safe seed

for next year as can be had.



THE BEAN CROP FOR 1916.



In the bean growing sections the

question foremost in the farmer’s mind

is, “Shall we, after the disastrous sea-

son of last year, grow beans, and if we

do what about seed?” “'eather condi-

tions were primarily responsible for

the spread of bean diseases as well as

blight in potatoes. The best advice





 





3—-267





from the plant pathologists in the em-

ploy 0f the Federal government is that

with normal weather during the grow-

ing season there would be a normal

crop in its freedom from disease, with

as good seed as possible for planting.

Continued wind and rain last year mul-

tiplied many times the spread of the

spores, even when apparently good

seed was planted.



Hot dry weather will, inversely, de-

stroy many millions of spores, even





'\Vil"ll not over good seed is planted.





When the seed bean germinates the

anthrax, or pustule, is bared by the

white skin, left behind, to the rays of

sunlight.



The Michigan-grown bean seed, with

an average percentage of diseased

stock, comes back from its sojourn of

a year’s cycle in the irrigated sections

of :he west with the white clean pods

of {he'days known in Michigan in past

years.- Sunshine and weather condi-

tions have been the agents of regener-

ation. In fact, this is the method of

the regeneration of the various grades

of garden beans by some of the large

seed houses. From these facts one can

draw their own conclusions as to a

normal season for the crop of 1916.



Another interesting observation was

la» year, in what is called the sheep

feeding district of Shiawassee county,

0n clover sod covered with sheep ma-

nure after the hay crop was removed

and the land well prepared, the crop

was normal, both in quality and quan-

tity. In the same sections with sim-

ilar seed on land less well prepared

the crop was sub-normal in yield and

badly spotted with anthracnose.



fine of the interesting contributions

to bean growing is by George Ricker,

of Huron county, who for several years

has grown an early variety of Flint

corn put. in at the time of planting

beans at the rate of 16 quarts of beans

to two quarts of corn. Mr. Ricker grew

above an average crop of beans in 1914,

and 90:1 baskets of ears of corn. In

191.3, 18 bushels of red kidney beans

and 60 bushels of corn per acre. A

very early type of corn must be used

to mature within the period of bean

growing.



Beans in Hungary.



Mr. Strauss, of Buda Pesth, Hun-

gary, described bean growing in his

home country, at the recent meeting

of the bean jobbers and growers in De-

troit, mentioning that beans were

grown as a border crop along hedges

and among the corn, for the reason

that the bean thrived best with corn

for a shade. The bean in Hungary is

not a field crop in the sense used in

Michigan, but is grown by old men

and women, planted, cultivated and

threshed by hand, with an annual ex-

port prior to the war of approximately

2,300,000 bushels. And this quantity,

gathered in not to exceed five or eight

bags from an individual grower, shows

the Michigan bean raisers are compet-

ing with a grade of labor that makes

for low prices.



For the past two years this has not

been a factor nor will it be for several

years at least after the close of the

war, because no beans will be. avail-

able for export.



(‘onmnucially’, prospects are exceed-

ingly bright for bean prices of the 1916

crop. There will be none of the 1915

beans on the market and a scarcity

will exist before the crop is grown. Eu-

rope will need beans for 1916, whether

it may be war or peace. One of the,

largest dealers in beans hazarded the,

Opinion that the. basis to the farmer

would not be below $2.50 per bushel.

Even with a very large crop.



The dealers say that compensatory

prices and price maintenance are all

up to the farmer by conservative mar-

keting, and that the bean market this

year has been well handled.



The Michigan bean growers will

meet at the Agricultural College dur-

ing the week of the Farmers’ Roun-up

Institute, on Thursday, March 2, Ques—

tions of seed diseases and marketing

will be embraced in their discussions.



Shiawassee Co. JAS. N. MCBRIDE.
THE MICHIGAN FARMZER .





FEB. 26, 1916.





 





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N article on the tramp nuisance,

contributed to these columns by

the writer, some weeks ago, has



called forth considerable comment.

The subject is not a. new one, indeed,

it is as old as the race. The profes-

sional idler has always been with us.

The ideas expressed in the article men-

tioned, were not new, and probably in

some form, have been put in print

many times. But like many other ills,

the tramp problem becomes more com-

plicated and perplexing as time ad-

vances and conditions change. A few

words at the opportune time, on a

question that is vital to the life of a

people, set readers to thinking, even

though they may have known and held

similar views for years. '



In reopening this question, the writ-

er wishes to set forth a few local facts

and conditions not available when the

first article was written. These facts

prove conclusively, the contention that

the great majority of our tramps are.

men who are seeking idleness rather

than industry. And when you admit

this fact, the whole fabric of support to

tramps through hand-outs and other

methods, falls to the ground. But to

state. the facts:



In two villages in the writer’s sec-

tion, a novel experiment has been tried

during the last eight or ten weeks.

These villages, like many others in

Michigan, have been of late literally

over-run with tramps. The first cold

wave was sure. to blow in fifteen or

twenty hoboes who applied to the vile

lage marshal for a night‘s lodging and

breakfast; and this stale of affairs

would continue day after day, through

most of the colder months. Obviously,

the expense was an important item.

The two villages under consideration

decided to feed no more tramps unless

they were willing to give labor in re-

turn. The plan was this:



A Town Wood-pile.



A town wood-pile was reared, and

when it man applied at the station for

a meal or a. night’s lodging, he was giv-

en an axe and a saw, and escorted to

the wood-pile. Here he was invited to

earn his keep, and the good old adage,

“He who will not work can not eat,”

was enforced. The scheme proved ef-

fective beyond all expectations. The

number of visiting tramps grew fewer

and fewer as the bad news spread

throughout hobo land, and at the pres-

ent writing, tramps in these villages

are rare.



In one of the towns, at least, a sec-

ondary benefit has come from the ex-

periment. During the late summer and

early autumn, the many beautiful

shade trees of the village were ireaied

to a much-needed trimming. The limbs

thus cut off composed the town wood-

pile. As this wood was cut into proper

lengths by tramps, it was distributed

among the needy families of the vil-

lage. And lei: it be said in this con-

nection, that the right kind of charity

is a blessing and blesses him who gives

as well as him who receives. The

needy families of any locality who,

through sickness or death or other

misfortune, have come to want, are.

proper channels through which to ex-

ercise the charitable Spil‘ii. But to

feed an army of able-bodied, indolent,

shiftless idlers, is not charity—it is a

crime. It is a crime against the indi-

lvidual and against society.



? The Effective Remedy.





 





- | In the facts and conditions existing





i‘in these villages, then, we have a rem-

'edy for the tramp evil. All that is

needed is to give this plan universal

application. Let individuals and com-

munities adhere strictly to the, rule.





Let a pretense. at work be ground of





 





 





" ’refusal of food, for many of these gen-





tlemen of the road are master hands

at pretending to work. In any com-

imunity where a village or community

has arranged the matter, let individu-

als refuse altogether to feed vagrants

under any consideration. Send them





Mention Michigan Farmer when writing in advertisers to the town wood-pile or whatever it





Solving the Tramp Problem





may be, and they can get ’work. Work

or starve. Let this be the motto. This

is true kindness both to the tramp and

to those deserving of help. Misapplied

charity is worse than none at all. Why

should any man who is well and strong

be led to think he can live on the hard-

earned means of his fellows? Devoid

of responsibility, careless, shameless,

indolent, lacking in the primal princi-

ples of manhood and good citizenship

—these are the attributes which apply

to the professional tramp. In nine cas-

es out of ten, he is a professional bum

as well. Cases are all too numerous

in which a tramp in a. half-drunken

condition has asked for a hand-out,

and thrown away what was given him,

before he was out of the dooryard.



In conclusion, let us repeat the Sen-

timent of a former article referred to in

the beginning. The farmer has his

part to play in solving this question.

He, as much as any class, will benefit

from the obliteration of the tramp nui-

sance. Fear, false sentiment, religious

superstition, mistaken philanthropy—-

all must go. Greater security for prop-

erty, more labor available on the

farms—these are some of the direct

benefits to the farmer. Lend a hand,

and benefit yourselves while you are

benefiting the tramps and society.



Hillsdale Co. J. A. KAISER.



CROP AND FERTILIZER QUES-



TIONS.





Best Field for Sugar Beets.



Will you please advise me which

field to put in sugar beets? I have

four acres of good soil; had beets on

it last summer but the beets drowned

out; only got 12 tons. The weeds were

well kept down and the land was plow-

ed seven to eight inches deep last fall.

Or I have a piece of old sod that was

plowed six inches deep last fall.



Sanilac Co. W. .



As both fields are fall plowed I think

you would stand a good chance with a

favorable season to get a good crop of

beets on either field.



Usually I would not recommend to

plant beets after beets, but this field

owing to too much rain, did not pro-

duce a crop and I should expect a bet-

ter crop here than on the Old sod

field. A heavy sod is not recommend-

ed for beets, surely not if spring-plow-

ed, but it will do very well when fall

plowed.



Sowing Alfalfa in Growing Wheat.



We have a side hill field in wheat

which we would like to seed to alfalfa

as soon as possible. Now this field al-

ways produced fine crops of clover,

but washes when a cultivated crop is

grown. The field is not steep in any

place but the slope 40 rods or more

and the natural drainage is perfect.

We have nine acres of alfalfa which

has been seeded six years. It always

was good color and has yielded better

every year, being the best this year.

Now I am top-dressing this wheat this

winter with the manure madefrom the

feeding Of this alfalfa once a day to

my cows. Would you think I would

be successful if I seeded this field to

alfalfa, same as one would red clover,

in the spring? We inoculated our nine

acres six years ago when we seeded it,

with sweet clover soil. Would not this

manure inoculate this wheat field? I

top-dressed a field of wheat lust win-

ter and seeded to clover, mixing in a

little alfalfa. The growth of clover

was very heavy and I did not notice

much alfalfa the first cutting. But

when the second crop came. on there

was much alfalfa scattered all through

it, and of very good color. This field

had never grown alfalfa before.



Macomb Co. . .



I have been experimenting with this

same object in View for a number of

years, and am not ready to make any

definite report or give advice as yet.

At first I mixed only a little alfalfa

seed with the clover. One year quite

a bit of the alfalfa grew, but usually

only a very little, and very little for a

second crop. Last spring I mixed a

little clover with the alfalfa, (just the

reverse in seed), and seemingly had a

fair catch of alfalfa, but there was

more clover even then, than alfalfa.

This land was covered with stable ma-





nure and one and a half tons of geod





limestone applied in spring and plant-

ed to corn. The corn stubble was disk-

ed and sown to wheat. The clover

seed was sown last March. I think I

have a stand of alfalfa, but can tell .

better next summer. The wheat had

250 pOunds of fertilizer. I would inoc-

ulate the alfalfa, it costs but little. Al-

falfa doesn’t seem to be as vigorous

to start as clover.

How to Use Hardwood Ashes.





Am making a fine lot of pure hard-

wood ashes, (beech and maple). I

thought of using them instead of com-

mercial fertilizer in my corn planting,

putting a handful in each hill; or had

I better mix the ashes with muck, half

and half? Please state best disposi-

tion to make of them.



Oakland Co. W. L. L.





Unleached hardwood ashes contain

five to six per cent of potash and one

per cent of phosphoric acid and over

30 per cent of lime. I would advise.

against putting in bill, as it is liable

to injure the germinating power of the

seed. Better screen them and apply

with fertilizer drill at the rate of 200

to 250 pounds per acre. 1 think it

would be better to mix them after

screening with acid phosphate. Mix

equal parts and apply 200 to 250 lbs.

This will give you a two to three per

cent potash mixture, and the phosphor-

us will be of great benefit.



It is best not to mix too long before

sowing. Mix in the morning what you

will sow during the day.



Selling Sweet Corn to Canning

Factory.



In your paper some time ago you

printed an article written by Colon C.

Lillie on crops raised for canning fac-

tory. He speaks of sweet corn as a

profitable crop, but he does not state

how it is marketed, whether in the

husk or not, or what they pay for it:

whether they buy by the hundred

pounds or by the bushel. Now if he

will be kind enough to tell me just

110w he markets his sweet corn and

how much he gets for it, I shall be

very grateful.



Barry Co. C. C.



The sweet corn is picked or snapped

from the stalks when in the proper

condition for canning, that is, when in

best condition for eating green, or

when the. majority of the ears of the

field are in that condition. It is hauled

at once to the factory and sold by the

ion. Our factory pays $8.00 per ton

for Evergreen, $9.00 for Country (“ren-

tleman and $17 for Golden Bantam. If

one wishes to he can draw the husks

and cobs back home for feed.



Speltz vs. Oats.



What time of year is it sown, how

many bushels of seed, and what is the

yield of speltz per acre on light sandy

land? Are there any drawbacks to it?



Muskegon Co. R. J. P.



Speltz (or emmer) usually does bei-

tér on dry, sandy soils than oats.

Many farmers on this kind of soil are

now growing it in preference to cats.



It should be sown early in the spring

at about the usual time of sowing oats,

and about the same quantity per acre.

There are no particular drawbacks to

growing this crop successfully. As

with all crops, the better the. land the

better the crop. While this crop will

do better on dry sandy land than oats,

it will do better on rich ground than

on poor ground. It will make good

use of manure or fertilizer.



Growing Lima Beans.



I am thinking of putting in lima

beans. Would you kindly tell me what

variety is best, what soil they require,

just what lime they should be planted

and what time they are harvested;

also, is there a good market for them,

and are they hard to grow and do they

require a lot of work?



Macomb CO. Sirnscmnrn.



I know nothing about growing Limas

as a market garden crop, but have had

experience growing the dwarf Limas

for the canning factory. They are not

as reliable nor as easily grown as our

common beans. They ripen very un-

evenly, and are seriously affected by

cold, bad, wet weather, and are not

very hardy. They do best on a sandy

loam or warm dry soil. They can be

sold green or as ripe beans. I do not

know the market price. Factories pay

about two and a quarter cents a pound

for the green shelled beans.



COLON C. LILLIE.
._... r——-r‘-





 





. FEB.“ 26, 1916.





TRYING TO BEAT NATURE. I





The laws of nature were made long

before farming became a recognized

vocation and the laws were on nature’s

statute book long before man found

that the book existed. In the farming

business. we are constantly bumping

up against the laws of nature and as

long as we try to fight those laws our

farming will be inefficient. The soil

contains certain elements which are

valuable in producing a certain crop.

Year after year if this crop is produc-

ed on the same soil the necessary ele-

ments are gradually exhausted and the

crops become less abundant. The

farmer who uses his soil without re-

placing any of the fertility is robbing

his farm, he is trying to buck nature’s

laws. One of these laws states thatI

you cannot get something for nothing[

and that is what we do, or try to do,

when we crop our land and give noth-

ing back. By assisting nature in the

working out of her laws we are bene-

fited. Increasing the fertility of the

soil increases the crops grown on that

soil and nature’s laws are obeyed to

the advantage of the farmer and hisl

farm.





 





Some Examples.



A flock of pullets are ready to lay

in the winter but do not lay because

of poor feeding methods. Short ra-

tions are given them and what is the

result? Nature uses the little food ma-

terial that is available to keep the bod-

ies of the fowls in as good a condition

as possible.



The dairy cow is a delicately con-

structed animal of the greatest value

to man. Nature has given her great

powers but man must assist nature to

produce the best results. Short ra-

tions are not an economy. The cow

that is half fed and furnished ice wa-~

ter to drink will not be a good produc-

er, as nature will use the food as

much as possible to conserve the en-

ergy of the animal.



The peach orchard that is not thin-

ned may produce a large quantity of

small peaches. The trees are devital-

ized and the next yearlthe crop may

be very small. Nature knows that the

tree must have some time to recuper—

ate. When man assists nature the

tree does not overhear, its annual

crops will be of better quality and the

orchard will be longer lived.



The farmer who tries to beat nature

by excesses of any kind will meet

with the same fate as the soil and the





 





tree. He will lose in efliiciency. There

may be some places where man can

beat nature and not pay the bill. I

have never heard of the place and it

is certainly not on the farm.



Ingham Co. R. G. KIRBY.





ROAD BUILDING IN MICHIGAN.





Road building operations will be ac-

tive in Chippewa county this year. The

Chippewa commission has let contracts

for over 33 miles of state reward high-

way, to be finished by December 1.



Mecosta county has started work on

15 miles of trunk road, as links in a

main line from Grand Rapids to Cadil-

lac, and will complete same this year.

The state reward on these roads will

be $1,600 per mile.



Jackson county has let contracts for

building six pieces of road as follows:

Parma trunk line, one mile, to W. S.

Hoag, Springport, $6,800; Sandstone

trunk line, one mile, to Lowery Gravel

Co.. $6,303; Grass Lake trunk line, one

mile, to Greenville Gravel 00., $6,995;

Rives trunk line, one mile, to A. C.

Mitchell, $4,698; Henrietta, one and a

half miles, to W. E. Fleming, $3,449.30.



The Ottawa county road commission

has let the contract for building two

miles of concrete road on the Holland-

Grand Haven stretch to Klaas Bolens

and D. M. Cline of Spring Lake, the

price being 990 per square yard.



Ingham county has been investigat-

ing the plan of bond issues as followed

in Genesee, Kent, Ottawa and Berrien

counties. Only 44 miles of the 250

miles of road planned for Ingham have

been completed.





Kent Co. ALMOND GRIFFEN.





 





THE, MICHIGAN FARMER‘





John Deere Corn Planter

The Accurate “Natural Drop” Planter





CCURATE—because it has the “Natural-Selec-

tion" drop—an improvement over all other

methods.



Kernels do not have to be tipped on edge to enter

the cells. Surface of hopper bottom and openings

to seed cells are oblique, or sloping. The kernel:

naturally move toward and fill the cells.



A full—variable drop planter. Plants two, three

or four kernels as desired-all you do to change num-

ber in the hill is to move foot lever.



Drilling distances varied, and change from hilling

to drilling or back to hilling made just as easily.



All corn plates for this planter have 16 cells. There-

fore, the same drilling distances are obtained with one

plate as can be secured on other planters that require

8, 12 and 16 cell plates.



The gears are always in mesh and can be shifted at

any time (even when in operation) to change drop or

drilling distances.



Investigate the John Deere tip-over hoppers, quick

detachable furrow openers, underhung reel and disc

marker without rope.





Write for free booklet, “More and Better Corn."





 





John Deere Syracuse Plows

The Plows with Perfect Fitting Parts





SYRACUSE shares fit perfectly—extra shares go on

easily. A smooth joint is formed between share

and moldboard and share draws up snugly to its place.





Remember that Syracuse cast shares are chilled

throughouttheirentirecuttingedgeandpoint. The

under side of point and cutting edge is also chilled—-

of vital importance in preserving the proper pitch

and extending the period of usefulness.





Two bolts in the share instead of one and there is

a rib on back of share that strengthens share and

standard. Lug holds moldboard and share closely

together.





In addition John Deere Syracuse Plows are built

with long handles, which produce steady running

qualities and make the plow handle easily in the

furrow.





Write for free literature on the 31 series, combina-

tion plows, for use where land is somewhat rolling

or where it is desired to turn furrows smoothly up

or down on sloping land.



Also the 342 series, combination plows, for use in

sandy or gravelly soil, turf or stubble; the 26 series

hillside plows, light weight, clean turning plows that

do excellent work in hillside or level land.





No. X‘fio





 





John Deere Dealers Everywhere





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' ’n my: .I’: -. .

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The Spreader with the Beater on the Axle





ONLY hip high. to the top. Wheels out of way

when loading. Mounting the beater on the

axle is patented. Write for Spreader booklet.

Three exclusive John Deere Spreader features:

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no attention. Performs wonders in the

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John Deere Two-Way Plow

Steel F rame— Patent Auto Foot F rams-Shift





HIGHLY practical and convenient for working soil.

all in one direction on hillsides or elsewhere. Also

adapted for plowing irregular shaped pieces of land

or any other kind of plowing.



Auto foot frame shift works with great exactness.

Slight foot pressure swings frame and moves work-

ing plow the degree required. Patented.



Automatic horse lift—no work for operator. Each

plow independent of other—each has own depth

regulating lever and lifting device.





Write for booklet.





 





Joh Deere lows for Light Tractors

High and Level Lift





RACTICAL—the right size for the average farm.

Work with any standard tractor. Controlled by

the man on the tractor.



Pull the rope and all bottoms raise high and level.

Another pull lets them down. Plows do not clog or

gather trash on the turn.



Extra beam and bottom, readily attached, in-

creases regular two bottom plow to three, or regular

three bottom to four, as desired.



Equipped with Quick Detachable Shares—save 80%

time changing shares. Write for free booklet.





 





 





 





 





 





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For 83‘ . chCID- plowing outfit,m1Idt-in Lansing.

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our sales

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Farm Notes





Seeding Clover in Oats.





I have a field that I would like to

sow to oats and seed it, but it is un—

certain seeding with oats.

think I could be more sure of getting

a good catch if I waited until the oats

were harvested, and then disked the

ground and harrowed it good and sow-

ed it to timothy and clover? How

would alfaifa do sown after oats were

harvested? The soil varies from sand

to heavy clay.



Newaygo Co. B. J.~O.





It is a far better plan to seed clover

in cats, using only a. thin seeding of

oats, (say not more than one bushel

per acre), than to depend on seeding

after oat harvest. If the land is in a

fair state of fertility and is not in an

acid condition, there is a better chance

of getting a seeding which will with-

stand the winter than to sow on the

fitted stubble after the oats are har-

vested. This plan works all right in

some seasons when there is sufficient

moisture to make the plan successful,

but is a much more uncertain proposi-

tion than seeding to clover in a moder-

ately thin stand of oats. Alfalfa would

stand an even less chance of success

than would clover on ground which

had never grown alfalfa before, if the

same is seeded after the oat crop is

harvested.



If difficulty has been experienced in

getting a stand of clover on this land,

it would be profitable to have a test

made to determine whether lime is

needed to correct an acid condition,

and in case the soil shows acid reac-

tion, it would be profitable to apply

lime when fitting the ground for oats

in the spring. In a great many cases

where the loss of clover seeding is

attributed to dry weather, the loss is

at least in part due to an acid condi-

tion of the soil which can be removed

by a liberal application of lime.



Sweet Clover for Heavy Land.





Which is the best kind of sweet

clover to sow on heavy land to build

up the soil, and about how much per





acre?



Lapeer Co. A. G.



Unless it is very deficient in vege-

table matter, we do not advise the use

of sweet clover on heavy land. ' The

chief value of sweet clover as a soil

improver lies in the fact that it will

succeed on soil containing less organic

matter than almost any other of the

legumes which can be used for that

purpose.



On heavy soil as a forage crop and

soil improver alfalfa is very much su-

perior to sweet clover and will be a

more profitable crop to grow. Where

it is necessary to add a considerable

quantity of vegetable matter to the





‘ soil quickly, sweet clover may possibly





find a profitable use on such soil where

the land is used for wheat in the crop

rotation, so that it would be undesir-

able to introduce vetch, although some

other legume, as peas or cowpeas,

could be used to advantage for this

purpose and the results could be se-

cured more quickly than with sweet

clover.



Sweet clover is best adapted to the

improvement of sandy, gravelly soils

which are very low in their humus

content and upon which other legumes

cannot be made to succeed as well.

White sweet clover is the most valu-

able variety for forage or soil improve-

ment purposes.





TILE DRAINAGE IN THE SAGINAW

VALLEY.





 





(Continued from first page).

value. He can also help'the farmer

avoid some serious mistakes when he

undertakes this improvement.



Follow a Definite Plan.



In the first place not a tile should be

laid until the farmer has a more or

less definite plan of the system for the

whole farm. To run tile hit or miss

through the farm to drain ‘out certain

“low spots” is a piece of bad manage—

ment that is almost sure to result in

needless expense of time and mate-

rial. Most of the soils of the Saginaw





 





 





Valley are comparatively level and





Do you"





 





FEB 26,1916.

generally require tile laid out in par-

allel strings from four to eight rods

apart. Any makeshift of tiling that

does not conform to this general plan

is likely to be unsatisfactory and to re-

quire changing sooner or later. It is

a mistake to suppose that tile are re-

quired only on the low land, since ex-

perience has taught hundreds of farm.

ers in this part of the state that fully

as much benefit is secured from tile

on the higher portions of their farms

as on the low lands.



A second mistake that beginners are

likely to make is to use tile that are

too small. Tile one and a half to two

inches in diameter were formerly us‘

ed, but I am informed that most of the

tile factories in Ohio no longer make

anything smaller than four inches, and

I know that few factories in Michigan

make sizes less than three inches. In

those sections where farmers have had

the most experience with tile the ten-

dency is to use the larger sizes, noth-

ing less than four inches being used

except for short branch strings and

the majority of farmers think .that

three-tinch tile are too small for any

condition.



Tile drainage is an opportunity that

is knocking at our door. It is the key

that will unlock stores of plant food

for our crops. It is the first number

on the farmers’ program of efficiency.

Anything that will increase the num-

ber of properly tile-drained farms will

immediately increase profits of farm~

ing and permanently benefit the com-

munity.





GETTlNG READY FOR «MICHIGAN

. FAIRS.





 





The Michigan Association of County

and District Fairs met in Grand Rapids

and elected these officers: President,

F. A. Bradish, Adrian; vice-presidents,

Perry F. Powers, Cadillac; Don L.

Beardslee, Greenville; Chas.rE. Ander-

son, Hartford; secretary and treasurer,

Frank Rathsburg, lmlay City. The

next -meeting will be held in Detroit.



The Fruit Belt Agricultural Society

met at Empire, Leelanau county, and

elected the following officers: Presi-

dent, E. R. Dailey; vice-president, H.

L. Nessen; secretary, Andrew John-

son; treasurer, Frank S. Hardy. Plans

were made to increase live stock ex-

hibits at the coming fair.



The Clinton County Society met at

St. Johns and voted to bar‘ out all

gambling at the fair this year, includ-

ing the cane racks, candy wheels and

other mild forms of chance, as well as

the more serious offenders. The soci.

ety is in good shape financially, with

a balance of $902.69 on hand. The new

officers are: President, R. L. Bixby;

vicepresident, C. J. Sowle; secretary,

C. S. Clark; treasurer, Merritt Ride-

nour.



The Cass County Society asks the

supervisors for $1,000 in support of

this year’s fair at Cassopolis and if the

request is not granted no fair is likely

to be held. The new officers are: Pres-

ident, James Springsteen; vice-presi-

dent, Milo Cook; secretary, Ralph W.

Hain; treasurer, Leo A. Parker.



The Chippewa County society will

provide a race track and grounds for

base ball, foot ball and lacrosse at the

Sault Ste. Marie grounds. The new

officers are: President, S. T. Handy;

secretary, L. S. Holden; treasurer, A.

W. Clarke.



The Isabella County Society met at

Mt. Pleasant and reports showed cash

receipts of about $5,500 for the past

year and a balance after debts were

paid, of over $200. Officers for 1916

are: President, Dr. J. J. Walkington;

vice-president, Robt. Wardrop; secre-

tary, T. W. Ayling; treasurer, C. J.





'Myers.





Reports read at the annual meeting

of the Hillsdale County Association

show funds on hand of very close to

$5,000. The officers elected are: Pres-

ident, Loren R. Eagle; secretary, 0.-

VV. Terwilliger; treasurer, Wm. Mer-

chant.





‘ Kent C0. ALMOND GBIFFEN.
FEB; 26, 1016.





V





T H 13: MI c H 'I' CAN





 





 





 





{ Evcrbcaring





N April, 1915, we set 1000 plants of

I the Superb variety of fall, or ever-



bearing,‘ strawberries. The plants

were obtained at $15 per thousand;

practically every plant grew, and all

proved true to name.



The ground had been previously ma-

nured; during the summer cultivation

was kept up thoroughly, and by fall

the rows of plants were continuous, al-

though originally set two by three feet.



Blossoms appeared on‘these plants

soon after they started growing, but

they were kept picked off until the

first of July. The first full quart of

assorted berries was picked on August

12, and taken to the local hotel, Where

it was bought by one of the guests for

twenty-five cents. From that time on

our troubles in supplying the market

demands were surprising. People from

the hotel called us up on the phone

two or three times a day, asking us to

be sure and save them some berries.



When the wet weather came in Sep-

tember, the strawberries cracked op-

en; othrewise, we could have shipped

quantities of them to the resorters

who had returned to their homes in

the city, leaving orders and checks in

payment for same.



The season’s experience has demon-

strated that the problem in the ever-





'StraWbcrrics





ners from our fruiting patch we will

have more than enough plants for an

acre. "



While the ever-bearing strawberries

have not paid expenses the first sea-

son, yet they have done more than the

Warfield and Dunlap, or other ordinary

types, which, of course, bring no re-

turn whatever the first season. The

income from fruit has been $14.39; if

we put a value of $10 per thousand on

the undug new plants, and estimate

their number at eight thousand, then

the investment has indeed been a prof~

itable one.



Given proper climatic conditions for

ripening, the Superb berries are in-

deed well named. The fruit is quite

uniform in shape, being round-conical;

well filled and colored to the tip; firm

fleshed, with a pleasing aroma and

flavor.



Our experience proved, however,

that as with peaches and grapes, so

with the berries; given a fall with

much cloudy and wet weather, and the

fruit fails to develop a sufficient sugar

content, and gets filled with a surplus

of juice which is flat in flavor. The

berries, too, decay rapidly in such

weather, and become splashed with

sand. A large part of our late fall

crop was fit only for cooking, under





 





 





Everbearing Strawberries Promise Increased Revenue from this Fruit.





bearing strawberry trade is not to find

a market for the fruit, but fruit for

the market. Probably the coming sea-

son will provide a much larger crop

from these same plants; during the

present season we harvested 58 quarts

of fancy fruit, and 14 quarts of second

grade fruit. \Ve fixed the price at 25

and 15 cents respectively, most of the

sales being made direct from patch to

consumer. No doubt a higher price

might have been realized by seeking

out a special market, but that would

require a supply of berries for filling

orders, which, of course, we did not

have.



Only eight hundred of our plants

were allowed to fruit; the blossoms

were removed from the other two hun-

dred, so that all the energies of the

plant might go to forming running

plants for an increase plot for next

year. Twice, during the summer these

runners were pinned down with soil,

so that they might root early in the

season. Fully two thousand plants

have resulted from this practice. ‘One

plant has approximately sixty runners

attached and all rooted. Other plants

have no runners at all, but an enor-

mous development of crown. One can-

not help but wonder if it would not

pay to improve the variety by select—

ing for propagation only those plants

which produce a moderate amount of

runners, storing up considerable ener-

gy in reserve for fruit production the

next year.



At two cents apiece, however, there

should be a good profit in selling the

plants; we figured that our plants cost

us that by the time we paid express

charges, and trimmed them up, so that

when the neighbors come asking for a

few plants for the home garden, we let

them go at that figure. We are sav-

ing the plants, however, for an increas-

ed acreage next year. It requires

about 7,200 plants for an acre, setting

two by three feet; by using the run-





such conditions of weather as prevail-

ed. However, the very rains which'cut

down the production of berries served

to increase the production of new

plants, so that we have no complaint

to make.



Others who have tried the ever-bear-

ing strawberries claim that they will

produce almost continuously the sec-

ond year. We expect to watch results

with the early crop of Superb in com-

parison with Warfield and Dunlap next

year, and feel sure of one thing; that

while a late frost may destroy the

blossoms of the latter varieties, the

Superb will keep on blossoming after

the frost.



Benzie Co. E. H. BROWN.





PLANNING THE GARDEN.





 





By laying out the garden intelligent-

ly and considering carefully the nature

and requirements of each vegetable,

much labor may be saved in the sum-

mer cultivation and the production of

the garden may be materially increas—

ed. Before the time for planting ar‘

rives, a plan should be drawn. Vege-

tables requiring the same cultivation

should be planted together; those

needing the same length of time to

reach maturity should also be placed

side by side. It is much better to have

the planting plan made up well in ad-

vance than to do it by a hit-or—miss

method. Garden planning in winter

means economy of time, labor and

money in spring and summer.



Plan to keep the garden busy. This

may be done by arranging one crop to

follow another in close succession.

Plant spinach, radishes and early let-

tuce side by side and set tomato and

pepper plants to follow the spring

crops. The early crops will be ready

to take off before the'middle of June

and in nul'ing them out, spaces may

be made to set the plants. Thus the

early crops may be used until July and





 





The Red Ball on

“Ball-Band”





is right where

”if; you can see it





 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





All over America men look for the Red Ball when

they buy rubber footwear. Eight and one-half mil-

lion men won’t buy any other kind. They know

that the Red Ball stands for value that they cannot

get in any other kind.



Begin to figure the cosr of rubber footwear on its

cost per days wear, and you Will see that “Ball—Band"

gives greatest service at lowest cost.





 





is made right and stays right. ”Ball-Band” boots are vacuum cured.

During the vulcanizing this process causes a tremendous pressure on

the fabric and rubber, and makes the boot one solid piece.



More than 50,000 stores sell “Ball-Band” Rubber Footwear.

If you have any difficulty getting “Ball-Band,” write us, giving the

name of your merchant. We will see that you are supplied.





Write anyway for our free booklet, “More Days Wear”

Tells how to treat rubber footwear so as to get the full worth of it.





 





 





Something New

"Ball-Band” Light Weight Rubbers for street wear in





Men’s, Women’s and Children’s sizes. They are“Ball-Band"

Quality and Value. Look for the Red Ball on the sole.





 





 





 





HISHAWAKA WOOLEH MFI. 00., 319 Water 31., Mishawaka,lnd.

"The House That Pays Milieu: for Quality”





 





 





 





 





l r t» ' Farm andGarden 7

Planet JI‘. Tools 5%

cut down work and boost your crops gist





Old-time farming no longer pays-—thcsc scientific tools do the work “ t

of 3 to 6 men, give bigger yield, and save their cost in a single season.

Invented and made by a practical farmer and manufacturer, with half



' ‘ a century’s experience. Planet Jrs are strong and

& lasting. Every tool fully guaranteed.





72-page Catalog (184 illustrations) free!





Describes over 70 tools. including 12 entirely new ones and improve-

ments to our Seeders, \V'hcel-l loes. Horse Hoes. Harrows. Or.

chard- and Beet-Cultivators. Write postal for It!





‘K S L Allen & Co Box 1107M Philadelphia ’ "





\ No. 25 Planet'Jr Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Double and



‘\ Single Wheel-Hoe, Cultivator and Plow IS a splendid combi‘

‘\\., nation for the family garden. onion grower, or large gar- ‘ .

5" dener. Is a perfect seeder. and combined double and *

single wheel-hoe. Unbreakable steel frame. CapaCity—



.‘ 2 acres a day.

\\ Planet Jr 12-tooth Harrow, Cultivator and Pulverizer

\ is stronger, steadier in action, and cultivates more

thoroughly than any other harrow

made. Non-clogging steel



wheel.k Invaluable to the k)‘

/-\ mar et-gar- ° r <

\' ,“ dener. trucker. 'I I:-

y?“ \ tobac co or WMQ(““\N H" y‘

.4“





small-fruit





W "(maxim





£12..





67

14%»;





«(2%





. \





. ‘i\





.4\‘ I





J





4 \lflmlm





Sul\\
"\





I





has M i'c HrG AN? 'II'A R am





 





a





FEB. 26, i916:





 





war mam m m.

m PO0R sum warn——





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





, YOU can on

$35- 'iiiiii‘§o§s“i¥“ $12.5_0

AND SOW GOOD SEED





The ideal is a Combination Fanning Mill

and Grader that insures the sowing of plump

- grain that is free of weed seed and is offered

at a price below manufacturer‘s cost.



Don’t envy your neighbor‘s big yield nor

deny yourself and your family the pleasure

from money so earned for the price of this

cheap convenience. Better buy an Ideal and

have no regrets.



The small lot of machines offered in this

sale Were forfeited in payment of a loan

when the Ideal Company went out of busi-

‘ ness. We were able to buy the lot at a‘ very

low price and are closing them out rapidly.





LRange of Work Covered



The Ideal machine does work under special

patents that no other machine can do. It



cleans and separates such seeds as wheat,

' oats and clover- it cleans and separates

_ Buckhorn from first grade clover, dodder and

other foul weed from alfalfa; clover and tim-

othy from Red Top; mustard from oats:

grades wheat and oats into three grades and

cleans and grades broom corn seed.





Ideal Users Enlhusiasiic





”I am glad to find in the Ideal a really

satisfactory seed and grain separator. It gets

rid of the ruinous, foul'sced and grades up-

ward the quality of seed planted."



E. l’. Ml’l‘ldllihlo 'lfipton, Ind.



” I saw this mill demonstrated at Wabash.

Ind. I bought because it did the finest work

of any mill 1 have ever seen."



WALTER CURTIS,

R. l“. l), No.10, Wabash. ind.



" I have tried this mill on wheat and tim-

othy seed. it surely (luvs good Work. My

neighbor. Bert Moore, says his Ideal is ideal

for grading oats." ’1‘. ll. DAVIS,



R. li- No. 2. l’ennville, Ind.





Further information if desired.



‘ ' I ’l'hese Ideal Separators

Fa" warnlng' cannot lastmuch longer.

l’rompt action means you Will get a complete

$35 machine at $12.51). Delay means disap-

pointment. Send cash or check With order.

The margin is close and we cannot afford to

open accounts.



REFERENCE: lhinnor Bradstreet reports at

your local bank.





. 227 East Ohio Street

Lyman Bros. mommrous, 1ND. '





OYears inBusines





IO0.000 Customer's .





it pays to buy from a house that is well es-

tablished and known to be reliable. Espe- .

cially is this true of seeds and trees.



Garden Book Free. Write for your copy of

our 1916 illustrated Garden Book. It Will

help on in plannin your Garden and Or-

char planting. Allkinds of Vegetable. Field

and Flower Seeds._Frmt and Ornamental

Trees. Shrubs and Vines.

Alpple, 6c- Peach, 8c- Plum, Pear and





Che , 16¢ each

grafted" Concord Grapes. 2.00 per 100. eight paid

on tree and plant orders of $1 or more.





GERMAN NURSERIES All!) SEED HOUSE

Box 241 Beatrice. Nebraska





THATERDW





W ARDEN

éfipgmm ~ SEE

‘i: J FLOW ER





mi)!"





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 

 

   

   

   

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





for



runs over Seed

- elbow: gag] make garden for profit or pleagurrefi

our high—bred strains Will make returns r0



our work bi get and Borer. Give us a



o prove this gy writing to-day for our





FREE Farm and. Garden Guide





dabl 80- a guide with money-saving ‘,

A gage?“ eaveryligigng needed in garden and I‘D

(1. Full of practical culture directions.

with true-to-nature ,illustratiops.

bee for the asking. Please write

. it today—n postcard Will do.

' The Page-Philippe Seed Co. ,

Box 170 Toledo. Ohio





“HQ-LOO” Seed B





Tells What, How When to hot Your

Vegetable and F ower ' ‘n. Sent

Free onRequest.





lha Helmas‘etuhermau Sand no.

SEED GROWEBS

Drawer D. CANTON, OHIO.





KANT-HOGJPR‘gYfl'

ousuof-{n-aysfmmmm . -. W,





 





 

 

   





 

 





   

   

   

   

 





 





 





 

 

 





Spray

1* wu‘





.‘ :‘(uls





   

 





 





.. .---i.-..l .. A





 





. Wilken.





being developed. Early peas will come

off the land the latter part of June

and beets for winter use may follow.

By planting, Detroit Dark Red beet by

the first of July, nice vegetables for

winter use may be had. These- will not.

be large but they will be of much bet-r

ter quality than spring-planed beets.

Between the rows of dwarf peas or

early potatoes Green Pod and Golden

Wax Snasp beans may be planted.

These will develop quickly and occupy

the ground" when the first crop is re-

moved.



Plan successions of such vegetables





Winter Meeting





HE Oakland County fruit grow-



ers again demonstrated the fact



that they were live wires, when.

the Oakland County Horticultural So-

ciety entertained the Michigan State

Horticultural Society at it's annual

mid-winter meeting. The meeting was

held at Pontiac, February 15-16 and»

was well attended by fruit growers

from all parts of the state. The large

local attendance and the great interest

shown in all the subjects indicate that

fruit growing in Michigan is by no

means confined to the western part of

the state. In welcoming the state so-

ciety to Pontiac, C. A. Bingham, presi-

dent of the Oakland County Society,

spoke of the rapid development in fruit

growing among the farmers of this sec

tion of the state. It is only a few years

ago when the state meeting which was

held at Pontiac drew a very slight

crowd, but two years ago a summer





the later crops are atlthe sanie time





as peas, sweet 'corn and snap beans.

By planting Alaska, Nott’s‘ Excelsior

and Telephone peas on the same day

green peas may be enjoyed for several

weeks. Another planting of Telephone

two or three weeks later will add still

farther to the season. In the same

manner Cory, Golden Bantam andSto-

well Evergreen sweet corn will afford

a succession.



Finally, in planting the garden or-

der the necessary seeds and supplies

early. Do this before the time for

planting arrives that there may be no

delay in getting the seeds into the

ground at the right season. C. H. G





of Fruit Growers





that they may maintain their places

among the activities of- the world.

The development of the automobile

business was cited and fruit growing,

especially apple growing, was compar-

ed with it.

to the improvement of cultural meth-

ods, including cultivation, spraying and

pruning, were given, and with refer-

ence to marketing the value of co-oper-

ation, honesty and advertising were

brought out. In a future issue of the

Michigan Farmer these will be given

in detail.

The Keifer Pear Question.



The first subject taken up at the af-

ternoon session was “The Growing of

Pears and Cherries,” by Robert Craw-

ford of Armada. Mr. Crawford brought

up the perennial discussion of the

Keifer pear. He said he found this va-

riety valuable because it was practical-

ly an annual bearer and did not cost





 





meeting at which the Oakland county

people were hosts, was one of the most

successful ever held by the state soci-

ety. In spite of the fact that Oakland

county was becoming the playground

of Detroiters, Mr. Bingham said that





' fruit growing was and would continue

' to be one of the foremost lines of ac—





tivity in Oakland county.

Efficiency in Fruit Production.



The first morning session was given

over to the discussion of “Efficiency

Methods in Fruit Growing,” by F. A.

The thought brought out. was

that, due to the fact that fruit grow-

ing has been so profitable in the past,

many orchards have been set, and con-

sequently there will be a great in-

crease in production, making the com-

petition for markets stronger. This

would necessitate improvement in the

methods of fruit growing in such a

manner as to lower the cost of produc-

tion and marketing so that fruit grow-

ing would continue to pay a profit, and

at the same time enable the consumer-

to buy the fruit at lower cost. All

thriving industries pass through a pe-

‘riod of growth during which crude and





extravagant methods are generally us-_





 





'ed, but‘as these industries mature the;

work must become more efficient- «so





 





 





Vineyard of R. A. Smythe, Secretary of State Horticultural Society





very much to raise. If one has other

good varieties of fruit, such as the Spy

or the Red Canada apples, he can usu-

ally sell his Keifer pears to advantage

because these quality varieties would

“sugar coat" the Keifer, but if the

Keifer was grown exclusively Mr.

Crawford thought there would be

many years in which it would be difli-

cult to sell the fruit. With reference

to growing cherries he favored a more

extensive planting of this fruit in the

southeastern part of the state because

the market was good. He thought it

was practically the only fruit adapted

to city yard growing because it needed

comparatively little syraying on ac-

count of its freedom from scale.



Horticulture as an Occupation for



Women.



“Women in Horticulture” was dis-

cussed by Miss Addie Sly, who has

been very successful in conducting a.

fruit farm at Birmingham. Miss Sly

has become active in farming because

she wished. to keep intact the old

homestead which has been in the fam-

ily for more than eighty years. Miss

Sly saw no reason why a woman

should not take as active an interest

in. farmingas a. man. * By: employing

Imerr- Who'Work for—her: interests; and





Suggestions with reference-





by systematically carrying on the

work, Miss Sly has found that farming

is no more difficult than other lines of

activity. She valued the man who

would go about the farm Sundays look-

ing over thework that has been done

during the past week, or the one who

would willingly stay up all night car-

ing for a sick animal, because when.» a

.man- did these things she was sure he

had the interests of the farm at heart.

Miss Sly had no difficulty with help

because of the- good treatment. she

gives them, and because of the syste-

matic way in which the work is ar-

ranged. Each day every man knows

what work he is expected to do. The

day’s work is started promptly on

time, meals are also} ready at certain

stated times, and after the day’s work

is over the men have for their own use

a comfortable building in which they

may smoke- or play games as they

choose. Miss Sly commented on the

carelessness of farmers in leaving

their tools unprotected, and she won-

dered. how many of the farmers pres-

ent had their tools in the field ready

to begin next spring’s work. One hard

and fast rule on the Sly farm is that

each tool should be put in its proper

place after the work is done. Miss Sly

did not think it necessary for the wom-

an farm manager to do any of the

manual work; for the managerial dut-

ies properly taken care of would be

enough to keep her busy.





Suggestions on Peach Growing.



Mr. Roland. Merrill, one of Michi-

gan’s most prominent peach growers,

spoke on “The Peach Industry.” Mr.

Morrill’s long experience in this work

makes his advice on the problems of

the peach grower much sought after.

He said that in the future we would

give more attention to the unseen

things in peach growing; we would

give more attention to the effect of

cultivation and fertilization upon the

root system of the tree and our under-

standing of root edvelopment would be

better. After several years of careful

investigation he found that at the time

of the hardening of the pit of the

peach there were formed many small

hairlike roots which would come close

to the surface to come in contact with

the light and air, but which, after the

pit was thoroughly hardened, would

die. He was sure that these roots had

some relation to the hardening of the

pit, and on account of their apparent

value he said shallow cultivation was

very important at that time, as deep

cultivation would destroy them. He

never started cultivation until after

blossoming time, as experience has

shown him that cultivation makes the

blossoms more susceptible to frost in-

jury._ He believed in thorough cultiva-

tion until late in August ,and if the

season is especially dry, even later.

He did not feel very enthusiastic about

the summer spraying of peach trees

because of the susceptibility of peach

foliage to injury. He thought it very

important to keep the foliage in heal-

thy condition. The peach industry has

developed so that the peach grower

has not as broad a market as he used

to have. Every large consuming cen—

ter now has a good—sized peach pro-

ducing section near it, which supplies

it with fruit. The large peach grow-

ing sections of the south will compete

with Michigan fruits on the larger

markets. This will make it necessary

for the Michigan grower to develop

more efficient marketing methods and

to advertise to put before the public

the quality of Michigan peaches.





Orcharding on a Large Scale.





Under the title of “From Start to

Finish,” Mr. J. E. Merritt, of Manistee,

.told of his extensive operations in

clearing land and setting it to orchard.

The stumps were all pulled by machine

and then put in large piles for burning.

After burning, the land is gone over

several times to pick up the smaller

brush. It is then plowed and gone ov-

er again to pick up what brush. is un-





covered. in plowing. The work of clean-





ing: isdone so: thoroughly that after





 

 

 





 





 





.W’ (“a .w.
“mama's. ‘ g .





{h r‘. w





 





FEB.26.1916. THE MICHIGAN FARMER ,9—273





‘ .feadsaLQ‘ad irerMinutes





 

 





,w :91".





That means a saving of half your time and a big saving on machinery and horseflesh.

It means that with the New Idea you can do two days spreading In a s1ngle day. Our w1de

spread saves you half a mile of travel on every acre.





You need a spreader because it’s the only method of preventing the loss which comes ,

from improper spreading. Manure has a fertilizing profit of $8 to $10 per acre. You are

losing a great part of this when you try to spread by the fork and wagon method. The

manure lying piled in the barnyard loses by leaching and firing and you lose in the field

because it’s not spread right. When too thick the soil is burned and when too thin, or when

patches of ground are missed, there is not the proper fertilization.





The only sure way is to use a spreader.‘ Not just any spreader but one that spreads

wide and evenly, does not choke and can always be depended on to do 1ts work right.

You’ll find such a machine in the low down, scientifically built





N Registered IU.S.Pat.Off‘. A





It spreads 6 inches beyond the wheels and gives a total spreading width of 7 feet, covering 3 corn rows.

Can be loaded as high as a wagon box,—-—the double cylinders insure thorough pulverization and prevent

choking. Light draft.



The two cylinders pulverize all the manure, and the whirling distributor throws a fine even spray of pul-

Verized manure across three corn rows. It spreads beyond the wagon tracks, and you don’t have to drive

over the spread manure.



The New Idea has a variable spread of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 loads per acre.

Spread is controlled by convenient levers or can be entirely thrown 0H by conve—

nient foot latch. The variable feed enables you to give each part of the soil

exactly the amount of manure needed.



Wheels track but front wheels turn under for easy turning. Endless chain

conveyors with steel bars-scrape the spreader bed clean. No manure shreds

left to freeze in winter and rot in summer.



The New Idea is built like a wagon box, solid bottom with heavy cross

pieces supported by the full width of the side. Rear end properly braced





to prevent spreading of the bed and cramping of the bearings.

A Really Successful Chain-Drive Manure Spreader

A simple mechanism that can’t strip, break, freeze or get out Of order. The /

New Idea heavy chains will not break even under unusual pressure. Direct axle feed

prevents loss of power. Sprocket at one end drives cylinder and cams at other end

operate feed. We guarantee the New Idea to spread without choking when -

operated according to directions. We also guarantee it for one year against 0 fl

' breakage from any cause andl guarantee it indefinitely a 6

against defective materia or workmanship.

/////I/r{{/////’lll/// - “Helping Mother Nature” i FREE “/7 4 .

a 6"”’/// ////, , Big Special Book /{e I

. 7/ III/l N o matter how much you know about farm- t

' ing the book will present to you some new

' facts on fertilizing. Ask the Dealer for a

copy and free demonstration of the N eW





   





We also build the ”NISCO”

-—a special low down



type with narrow

front truck.





   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

   

 

   

   

   

 





N

\s“





\\





 

 





\s‘





   

 

 

 

   





Idea. If there is no New Idea dealer

near write us for free copy and





 

 





\





 

 





BOOK





I

I

11/





Ar

0 d" /

sign-3:13. /;/





 

   

   





illustrated catalog. * p 0

NEW IDEA SPREADER co. \ ragged Write for

/ 151 FIRST srmr‘sm'd" sp°°mmiibwwnm omo \ ‘ 5/06/13 . k

. - it or as

t h e N e w





Idea Dealer
THE ‘M I C HI ioA'





Ni FARM-Elli. ..





 





FEB. 26.. 1916.





 





 





Smooth Potatoes





With usually a thirty to forty per cent.

increase yield assured to every grower "

he will rid his seed potatoes of potato

scab and black-leg by using





for/ammmr

‘67}: firmer: 777:»





the official Standard seed cleanser to

prevent smuts and fungus; wilt. Po-

tato scab and black-leg once in the

ground may persist for many years.

The U. S. Department. of Agriculture rec-

ommends cleansing seeds with Formal-

dehyde solution to prevent spread of po—

tato diseases and smut: of grain. For-

maldehyde in pint bottles at your dealer,

35 cents. Big illustrated book sent free.





PERTH AMBOY CHEMICAL WORKS

100 WILLIAM STREET NEW YORK 5





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





FRUIT TREEi





 





Ornamentals, Evergreeru, Shade

Trees. Tested Seed, Vines. Berry Bush-

es, Everblooming Roses. Cannas and

gorgeous beddin plants. Hardy Per-

ennials that last, or years—all offered di- .

root to you from America’s lar est growers.



Belcot._ robust stock; over 1 acres along

Lnke Erie. 'I kinda of sell. 48 greenhouses.

Up to 460 curloads sold yearly. No risk. ,'

Sate arrival and satisfaction guaranteed. '





Photo-Catalog FREE!





Tells all about planting and care.

Prices and accurate descriptions of

thousands of choice varieties. _Spe-

crul otters on high rude collections.

Seed, Plant. Rose,gFr-uit and Orna-

mental Tree Catalog. 192 pages fully

illustrated. sent FREE! Write today.





The Storrs & Harrison Co.





 

 





“1





 





 





AND HOW WE





FRUIT TREES mm mm





li‘orIIO years our ’l‘rIIc to Lalwl ’l‘rocs have Iwcn find-

ing thcirwny into MichiganOrchards. They have

manic. good as proven by men who are ll‘ruiting

’l‘hmn. ()ur hookon Spraying, l’runing, Sclcction

of Varieties, etc, will interest you. It‘s. free with





catalog.

H. S. WILEY &. SON, Main St, Cayuga, N. Y.





EVERGREENS





38 Hardy Tested Varietlos





Best for windbreaks, _hedges and lawn

planting. Protect buildings, crops, stock,

gardens and orchards. Hill's Evergreens

are Nursery grown and hardy every-

where. From $1 to $10 per hundred. .

Hill ’3 Evergreen book and 50 Great Bargain sheet sent

free. Write today. World'slargest growers. Est.1855.

DI IIILI. It ERY co... DUNDEE. ILLINOIS

Box 23 Evergreen Specialists





 





 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





LIGHTNING .

Finest Early Radish in Existence. Ready

to out In 14 days. To introduce Our

Northern Grown “Sure Crop" Live Seeds

we will mail you II: Pack.“ "Condon'o



New Ughmlng “.125?" and our Mam-





- FREE





' Send name and address

on postal today sure.

lackl'erallcySeedFarm

Rockford. Ill.





‘ Gondonaros.,suusm..., 57-,





 





 





 





Peaches, Pears, Berries. Orna-

mentals, etc. It is FREE.

Write for it today. SURE. and

compare the values with others.

It will save you money. Drop a

postal. NOW to





Progress Nursery Co..Troy. O-





PIE





Tointrpduoe our enormous

nurseries to you we are

making this exceptional

offer- to flood apple tr'eos.

many c arcs varieties,

at this low price. Write.

Big Seed and Tree Book '.

ea. Galloway Iron. 5

60.. BulBGWoIoi-Ioo. In.





PEACHaAPPLE

TREES 2c 8:, up





Pear, Plum, Cherr , Small Fruits, Strawberry Vi..es,



fiufiskigirggiiglofi HALEDEUDDED from Bearing J.

. . enuine licio sA lea. CaLF



TENN. NURSERY CO. 30! 44 u 0mm“. 10::





'l‘rees— Roses —Vhes





7J4.

- iM-ln small or large lots at wholesale

I‘Iif





 





 

 





 





 





 

 

   





   





ces- Catalo and Green'-

— EE. gGreen’s N mg

29 Wall St. mm. ’0 e





the ground is well cultivated it looks





’ as if it had been under cultivation for





several years, it is so clean. It has

cost Mr. Merritt from $40 to $50 an





. acre to do the clearing and to get the'





ground in shape for setting the trees.

This high cost is due to the fact that it

is more costly to clear pine stump land





' than any other, and also because the





work was done so thoroughly. Mr.

Merritt’s talk was illustrated by a,





' large number of slides showing the





land before and after clearing, and al~

so the various operations necessary to

clear it.



The evening meeting was an open

one and was well attended by both

country and city people. Mr. John I.

Gibson gave an illustrated talk on

“Making Michigan Win,” in which he





. told of the good work that the Western





Michigan Development Bureau has

done in the development of the north-

western part of the state. Aside from

doing a. large amount of publicity work

to get new settlers, the Bureau does

everything to encourage the farmers

to use modern methods. Italso uses





.‘ its influence in improving the rural





social conditions, and the rural'school.

It has done much toward fostering the

good roads idea and has worked up a

market for high—class fruit under its

trade name,,“Sunny Ripe.”





Improving the Home Grounds.



Prof. Thos. Gunson, of M. A. C.,

spoke on a subject dear to his heart,

“Home-making and Surroundings.”

One of the chief reasons why farm life

is not attractive to many is the unat-

tractive surroundings that most farm

homes have. Too little. attention is

given to beautifying the grounds which

the farm buildings occupy. In this age

of commercialism we have also cut

away all shrubbcry and brush along

the roadsidcs. thus making the public

highways barren and unattractive. One

of the most important things in rural

progress is the development of the

aesthetic side of country living. There

is nothing we can do which will do this

and make the farm attractive to a good

class of people than to give attention

to beautifying the rural community.



The Wednesday morning session

was opened by Mr. Geo. Low, of Ban-

gor, who talked on “Orchard Heating.”

Mr. Low and several other prominent

I fruit growers of Bangor have had prac-

tical experience along this line, and

believe that orchard heating is prac-





 





tical for this state and has come to

stay. He told of his methods of ac—

complishing his work and the arrange-

ments he had for storing the oil and

filling the heaters in the orchard. An

article on this subject by Mr. Low will

appear in our columns soon.

Controlling the Aphis.



Mr. G. F. Leonard, a former M. A. C.

man who has had considerable experi-

ence with tobacco extracts for spray-

ing purposes, spoke on “Aphis Con-

trol.” He gave the results of work

along this line that various experiment

stations have been carrying on. The

conclusions reached as a result of

these experiments are that the most

effective time to spray for aphis is

when the leaf buds are about ready to

burst, the best spray to use being a 40

per cent tobacco extract. This can

either be used alone or with the lime-

sulphur solution. It has been found

that lime-sulphur is most effective in

the control of scale if the spraying is





 





 





delayed until this time, therefore it is

becoming a common practice for fruit

growers to wait as late in spring as

possible with their scale spraying. The

addition of the tobacco extract at this

time will keep the aphis in check if

the work is done thoroughly. If to-

bacco extract is used alone the addi-

tion of soap improves its spreading

and sticking qualities. All tobacco ex-

tracts are commercial products, there-

fore it is advisable for the grower to

follow the directions given by the man-

ufacturer. There has been no method

found of making tobacco extract at

home, which would produce a satisfac-

tory mixture.



Prof. C. P. Halligan gave an instruc-





tive talk on “Spraying.” He said that

in improving our methods of fruit

growing, we should take into consider-

ation the limiting factor in fruit pro-

duction. This factor varies; in one or-

chard it may be cultivation, in another

it may be fertilization, and not infre-

quently it is spraying. He urged the

importance of timeliness in spraying

and the necessity of doing thorough

work, if good results are expected.

There are several new kinds of spray

material which are proving very effi-

cient, and there is a. rapidly growing

use of these newer sprays; The pow-

dered form of sulphur spray has given

very good results in the control of the

scale, but has not proven entirely sat-

isfactory for summer spraying on ac-

count of causing some foliage injury.

The use of the oil sprays is also in-

creasing very fast. The advantage in

using a spray of this kind is that it

spreads on the tree and therefore does

not make necessary as exacting work

to insure covering the tree thoroughly

as does lime—sulphur. The use of a

dust method of spraying is again claim-

ing attention, but the results of experi-

ments carried on in this state do not

warrant the recommendation of this

method. There has been much inquiry

regarding a substitute for Bordeaux

mixture on account of the high price

of copper sulphate, but nothing has

been found which will take the place

of Bordeaux in the cOntrol of fungous

diseases of the grape.



Prof. L. R. Taft recommended late

spraying for scale with lime-sulphur

at the strength of one gallon to eight

and the summer use of lime-sulphur

on all tree fruits except. peaches and

apples at one to 50. For apples strength

should be one to forty. THc use of

arseuate of lead with lime-sulphur in

summer sprays would control practi-

cally all of the chewing insects which

attack the fruit and the use of the to-





bacco extract in the scale spray would-





make quite certain the control of the

aphis. The scale spray when applied

to the peach before the middle of

March would also keep in control the

curl leaf. It has also been found that

a fall spraying for curl leaf has been

very effective.



Mr. Albert Griggs, of Pontiac, told

of “The Development of Horticulture

in Oakland County.” As Mr. Griggs’

experience extends to the early ‘days

of this development, his talk was an

interesting account of Oakland county

horticultural history.



Marketing Fruit.



In his talk on “Packing and Market-

ing Fruit,” Mr. Roland Morrill spoke

of the value of co-operation in making

marketing methods more economical.

Honesty is one of the most important

factors in the development of a good

market. One should never pack fruit

which he would not care to buy him-

self. The uniformity of grades and

the use of a trade name or some dis-

tinguishing mark will help one greatly

in establishing a reputation for his

goods. When this reputation is estab-

lished, one will have no trouble in find—

ing a good outlet for his fruit.



Mr. Luther Hall, of Ionia, who has

one of the most profitable Spy or-

chards in the state, spoke on “Produc-

ing Apples.” He said one of the chief

essentials in getting good production

was to have vigordus trees. He believ-

ed in liberal fertilization, but his meth-

od of doing this is somewhat unus-

ual. He found that the best fertilizer

for his orchard was good Illinois corn.

This was made in available form by

the pigs which were pastured in the

orchard. Mr. Hall’s method of or-

chard soil care is briefly as follows:

He plows as early in spring as possi-

ble and after thorough cultivation the

orchard is sowed to peas and oats in

August. After this is harvested he

turns in the hogs and feeds them corn».

He has found that hogs will never

bother the trees or root up the ground

to any extent as long as they have

plenty 0f feeding material. Shortly

before harvesting time he mulches the

trees by putting 150 to 200 pounds of





Straw around each tree; this is done





to conserve the moisture and also to

prevent the fruit which drops to the

ground from bruising. life has a. local-

sale for this fruit at 50. cents a bushel

in the orchard. Mr. Hall believes in-

shaping his trees so that they can car-

ry a. large load. He is a. firm believer

in the high heading of trees, especially

of the Spy, because after bearing a

few crops the limbs bend down so that

they are easy to pick. His trees have

borne an average of seven barrels each

a year. He has found that when trees

have a. light bloom the fruit will be

large, but if the blossoming is heavy

the fruit will be small, even if the tree

is thinned. This is because the tree is

weakened by producing so much bloom

and pollen. With reference to his un-

usual methods of orchard culture, he

did not claim that they would be adap-

table to all conditions, but said he was

entirely satisfied with, them and had

no thought of changing, as he thought

it was not wise to change bait as long

as the fishing was good.





WITH THE MICHIGAN FRUIT

GROWERS.





 





The Mason Connty Fruit and Pro-

duce Association held its first annual

meeting in Summit, and re-elected of—

ficers as follows: President, Jesse

Honk; vice-president, Theodore Er-

win; secretary, Guy Hawley; treasur—

er and sales manager, Martin Abra-

hamso; director, C. D. Kistler. The

society was successful beyond expec-

tations during the year, with apples

and peaches the leading crops handled

in cariots. The former membership

of 12 will be largely increased this

year. ’



Van Buren county members of the

Hartford Fruit Growers” & Farmers’

Exchange met at Hartford and elected

the following officers: President, J.

T. Wilkinson; vice-president, C. H.

Mowry; secretary, Edward Correttey

treasurer, G. W. Mcrriman. Two

standing committees were appointed

as follows: Arbitration, E. W. Ewald,

Jacob Geisler and Edward Skinner;

orchard inspection, Arthur Dowd, J.

T. Wilkinson and Chas. S. Johnson.

The Exchange has already placed an

order for 300 barrels of spray mate-

rial for use of members.



Preparations are being made to

raise large quantities of cranberries

in the bog south of Alpcna city, in Al-

pena county. Marked improvements

have been made in clearing up the

ground and an extensive acreage has

been plated to vines. The Lakeside

Cranberry Company is back of the ex«

periment and has engaged E. V. Shaw,

formerly of the Cape Cod cranberry

belt. in the east, to manage operations

for another year. Mr. Shaw believes

that Alpcna cranberries will in time

be as well known as the Cape Cods.



W. H. Pratt and Sons, who recently

bought the Bowe farm of 160 acres in

northern Berrien county, will set out

the farm, except 10 acres of river bot-

tom land, to fruit. They will set 40

40 acres of apples, 10 of peaches and

10 of strawberries, adding other fruit

later. ALMOND GRIFFEN.





CATALOG NOTICES.





 





Isbell’s seed annual for 1916 sent on

request by S. M. Isbell & 00., Jackson,

Mich, IS a 120-page illustrated catalog

listing a complete line of farm, garden

and flower seeds offered by this firm.

It contains many illustrations of the

product of Isbell seeds.



_The 1916 spring catalog of Paines-

Ville Nurseries will be sent upon re-

quest by the Storrs & Harrison Co., of

Painesville, Ohio. This is a profusely

illustrated catalog of 192 pages listing

a complete line of farm, garden and

flower seeds and plants, together with

ornamental trees and shrubs for spring

planting.



Hayes power Sprayers manufactured

by the Hayes Pump & Planter Co.,

Galva, 111., are fully illustrated and de-

scribed in a 48-page art catalog sent

upon request to interested readers of

the Michigan Farmer. It illustrates

and describes every detail of construc-

tion of the full line of sprayers manu-

factured by this company. '
\





. A-,—:,».l.'-1:.,.~,- - w





THE





 





FEB. 26, 1916: _ i





MICHIGAN FARMER





 





 





.. .. .»mm>~1¢4wr- m v-«mmm





 

 





’ 11—275





 





 





 





.sllllllllh.





 





 





 





'IT’S A COMMON-SENSE CAR TO DRIVE—THIS 3400 R. P. M. CHALMERS





Great energy in an engine. will do one of

two things.



It will either deliver great power or great all-

round performance. But it won’t do both.



It was up to Chalmers engineers to decide

which of the two would be the more desirable

in the new 3400 1'. p. m. Chalmers.



In early road and laboratory tests of this

phenomenal engine’s energy they found that it

developed superfluous power.



The might of this small engine was amaz1ng;

the temptation to let it deliver its full measure

of might was tremendous.



But Hugh Chalmers said: “Might isn’t

everything. We can’t afford to sacrifice per-

formance to power. Keep her horse - power

down. Get long mileage on gas—quicken her

acceleration. Make her perform.”



So it was decided that the headlong power

of the 3400 r. p. m. Chalmers must be held in

check—by the curb-bit of fuel-economy.



Thus it added mileage to might, made every

gallon of gas kick in with 18 miles of wonderful

flight, with an uninterrupted flow of silken,

miraculous acceleration, and speed up to sixty

miles an hour.



But bore, stroke, and engine speed remained

unchanged. It still recorded its 3400 revolu-

tions per minute.



As long as motor cars run on gasoline, ex-

treme racing speed will be as prohibitive in cost





 





to the average user as extreme racing speed in

a horse.



A Dan Patch is not for the average stable—

an interesting sort of beast, but pretty useless

when it-comes to the prosaic requirements of

the day’s work in town or country.



When Mr. Chalmers refused to O. K. the

sacrifice of all-round performance to mere brute

might, he saved the owner of the 3400 r. p. m.

Chalmers from $1 50 to $200 per year in cost ofgas.



And so it’s a common-sense car for a farmer

to drive, because thrift is the first law of scien-

tific farming. This car does not require a big

burnt offering on the altar of useless might.



Its pick-'up and ease of control will astound

you the moment you set foot on the accelerator

button. You can shoot ahead of another car’s

dust at Will. No jar or sidesway—always four

wheels on the road—you slip up the hills on

highj—your direction is straight and true.



Big and roomy; 115 inches of wheelbase;

Westlnghouse starting and lighting; deep, rich,

genuine full-grain leather upholstery; stunning

color options.



. The next time you go to town, go and see

tlns car; you feel already that this is the car

you must own.





$1050 Detroit

$1475 in Canada





Chalmers Motor Company, Detroit, Michigan





Quality F int





1
\" _v. " a».





Let the Olds





Let the OLDS engine do your





farm W ork: your

pumping, churning,





 





...... sawing, run your

eltectric light plant,

e c





Let the OLDS give you satisfaction under our liberal guar-

antee—lasts youalifetime, alwa 5 ready to run, easy to start

in coldest weather, develops fu 1 rated horsepower.





save you money in fuel expense. The OLDS

doesn’t eat up gasoline. It Is known all over the world for

the small amount of fuel it uses.





save you trouble. The OLDS is so built that





it is easy to re am The c linder is cast se)arat fr 111

the bed; you dolii’t have y I e 0

to tear down the engine

when you want to re an

the cylmder The va ves

are vertical and in sepa-

rate cages; you don’t

have to take off the cyl-

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need to have the v ves

reground. These fea-

tures save you trouble,

cost of expert help and

loss of time.





Let the OLDS





Let the OLDS





Let the OLDS





1111xcr prove to you

the quality of the engine.

It is an exclusive, pat-

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in repair: no pump to repack. The OLDS

mixer will never wear out.





number you a mp 11 g





Let the OLDS

150.000 satisfied users.





RELIANCE ENGINEERING COMPANY

997 Walnut St. Lansing. Michigan





its





 





and Mules to Blip





When the heavy coat that holds the wet sweat apnd

dirt 1s removed. 1?!!! orezoodfro



are healthier and wet better. They are mmore ll‘eaeeedily

kept clean and their improved a pearance greatly “

adds to their eellinc rice. [ta opayetoelp

llanke and uddere 0 gear eons—yous“

milk. Clip them with t famous





Stewart a§:.'i:..llacl1ine ’ it





It turns easier, clips faster and closer and stays sh ,

lo rt Geton deal orient: 82 and

our erm

will ship C. froma: D. for balance





anyy other. Gears are out fromso

mandated and run in

transportation costs back if not eat tinned.

OFLIXIULI SHAFT“ co.

B614I N. LESalie 813.60.114-





oil; little friction, little wear. Has six feet of new

running_ flexible shaft and the celec



tewart sin in tension clipping head,



highest grade. rice complete. only 87. 50.





 





 





   

   





This lever Controls Entire Row





The West Bend line includes Steel and Wood Stanchions (automatically





and individually operated). Feed and Litter Carriers. Watering Bowls



and complete systems. Writ: today for fru catalog she-win: satin Has.



1 WeslBendBarnEquipment Co. 268 So. WaterSI. West Bend. Wk.

' [‘11: m1.





C :I‘h‘ r-e-‘l [3‘3





\il





1'171“ “ 41,

).ill' “g





 





With West Bend Automatic

Swingin‘ir Stanchions you can

lock up or release a to so cows

at one throw of a lever as easy as

you can operate one stanchion ;_

with other equipment. This



is only one of the many valu-

able. time‘ -. g

s a v i n z.

labor-eav-

in a l e a t-

u r e s o f

Week Bend .‘

Equipment.





 





 

 





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





arm —-—





1





 





 

 

 





Earns Its cost first month—Sold en 30 Days’ trial

"Self-fed pigs gain faster" says Iowa Experiment Station. This new :3;





_; ‘1



| W a . 1‘ \‘v 1 feed or meets all their requirements. Endorsed by re. Saves feed

9&0 ‘ \\ ,\l ' 1 labor. Six separate bins for salt. corn, tankage middlings. oil meal, etc. Water proof.

'. 1‘.- ~ Keeps feed dry and street. Strong, handsome, well built. Ens adjustable trough



' x“— ‘ - “ " made ot2 in. lumber. Sliding bar to keep out larger pigs. Automatic agitator.

vh— — MAKE MORE MONEY IN HOGS THIS YEAR



, (- by having this self-feeder. Sold on 80 DAYS' TRIAL Write today for full particulars.

Feeding 6(éappacllw, \ - .1 \“ kc .HOYT ., co_ > Dept. M FOSTORIA OHIO





 





 





(‘ANT PLAY 'POSSUM

WITH A SABO TRAP





 





$Cen't be duplicated

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rice. lt' e I won.

erful bum for

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the most tf

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i15m8tylos uggios and 65

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ELKHAI'I’ CARRIAGE ‘ HARNBS': MFG. 0°-

4WeyAve..llledl1lIert. .





15'“





Here Mr. Trapper, is a trap which' is (placed in. the





animal’s burrow; requires no! bait an is positively

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Our free booklet explains this wonderful trap;

shows how to increase yourlcatch an rofits with

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a business proposition



Write for booklet today. Acents wanted.





SABO TRAP MANUFACTURING CO.,

3120 W. 25th St.. Cleveland, Ohio





 





 





When Writing to Advertisers Please

Mention The Michigan Farmer.





CULL BEANS FOR FEE . 3115”: 1315383 1321}?





YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED C0. Owoeso. Mich.





 





THE MICHIGAN





 





 





“*5“ ._,,_:_y‘.,, ,. t .1...” A“ r





FARMER





T is impossible to give a complete

I treatise on cattle feeding within



the limits 6f a single article,

which might be published in these col-

umns. So much depends upon the sit-

uation in which the prospective cattle

feeder finds himself as to the kind and

quantity of feeds on hand, the cattle

available for feeding purposes, the

barn room which may be devoted to

the enterprise, and the manner in

which it is equipped, the market in

which the cattle must be sold when

finished and last, but not least, the





 





{kind of labor to be employed in the.





feeding operation



As a general proposition it may be

'said without fear of successful contra~

diction that the principal object of fat-

tening cattle in Michigan or elsewhere

should be considered as the marketing

lof home-grown feeds or available by-

1products at a fair price, at the same

itime retaining the fertilizing value of

the feeds consumed upon the farm, for

lits enrichment to the benefit of future

'crops. Given these conditions, that is

:to say, a supply of available feed, eith-

er grain or roughage, for which it is

Edesired to furnish a home market and

isuitable stable room in which to con—

:dnct the feeding operation, if the feed-

ers are purchased wisely and the feed-

ing operations conducted intelligently,

icattle feeding offers a very good solu-

Etion for the home marketing of these

suiplus products in an advantageous

manner and the possibility of making

:a fair profit on the transaction from a

commercial standpoint The inexpeii-

enced man who attempts cattle feeding

in Michigan With the idea of reaping

large profits on the feeding operation

itself is more than likely to be disap-

pointed.





 





An Illustration.



As above noted, the first considera-

tion in an enterprise of this kind

should, in the writer‘s opinion, depend

upon the supply of feeds for which it

is desired to create a home market. To

illustrate: the writer found himself

this winter with a considerable quan-

tity of alfalfa hay on hand, much of

which had been so damaged by the ex-

ceedingly unfavorable weather during

the haying season as to be saleable

only at a price which was considerably

below its actual feeding value. As a

means of creating a home market for

this product, a bunch of fairly good

feeding steers was purchased in the

Detroit market during the. heavy runs

which occurred in November when

they could be purchased at a price

which seemed to offer a fair opportu-

nity of making a margin of profit on

the feeding operation besides supply-

ing a profitable home market for this

quantity of second-grade alfalfa hay.

In order to utilize the hay in this man-

ner it was necessary to purchase the

grain to be fed with it. After a care-

ful study of the market good number

three corn was purchased before re-

cent advances in the grain market,

costing 73 cents per bushel delivered.



Sizing up the Situation.



In View of the general situation, it

did not seem reasonable to expect a

high market for finished cattle of the

grade which these steers would make

next spring, for several reasons. First

among these was the badly frosted

corn in the northern sections of the

corn belt which, together with the

high price which grains of all kinds





1 now command, seemed certain to cause





heavy marketings of cattle from all

sections of the country. On this ac-

count, after a careful survey of the

situation and in View of the fact that

the primary object in this feeding ven-

ture was to market as much alfalfa

hay through these steers as could be

profitably done, we decided not to un-

dertake to finish them in a manner to

make market toppers but to feed them

fairly well and market them in what is





 





 





Please give us an article on “Dry Feeding of Cattle in Michigan.”

I would— like is the personal experience of a practical feeder.





technically known as a warmed-up con- ,





 





\





FEB. 26, 19161





\





‘Cattle Feeding In Michigan





What

SUBSCRIBER.



dition. For this reason the steers

which showed evidence of having been

on scant pasture were fed on a choice





grade of alfalfa without grain for the





first three or four weeks, after which

they were gotten onto a ration of eight

pounds of corn per day per head and

the second grade alfalfa hay, a bunch

of hogs being run in the same yard

with the steers. They are fed loose

in a large stable with tight bottom

mangers around the outside for feed-

ing both grain and hay, with access at

all times to an automatic drinking

fountain. The manure is hauled from

the stable directly to the field with a

manure spreader as it accumulates,

whenever weather conditions are fav-

orable for this work.



Handled in this way the labor cost

of feeding these cattle is reduced to

the minimum, being less in fan, than

would be the cost of marketing the

hay in any other manner. The steers

cost $5.75 per cwt. in the Detroit mar-

ket, and if they bring $7 per cwt, or

more in the spring, we figure that they

will return a fair profit, aside from the

value of the feed consumed.



The above facts are related simply

to illustrate the attitude which the

prospective cattle feeder should take

toward the feeding business in order

to make it a profitable enterprise. Un-

der different circumstances an entirely

different plan should be carried out,

depending upon the premises which

obtain. If, for instance, the feeder has

a surplus of corn silage on hand, this

can be profitably utilized in cattle feed-

ing but the plan of feeding should be

altogether different. If a different

class of feeders are more cheaply

available, then the plan of feeding

should be varied accordingly. If a lo-

cal market is available in which the

feeding cattle can be marketed to ad

vantage in any particular stage of fin-

ish, then that fact should be taken in-

to consideration and a plan adopted

which will make the venture most

profitable under those conditions.



The Choice of Methods.



The writer has fed cattle of many

market grades under a variety of con-

ditions and is firmly convinced that

the man who would make a profit in

cattle feeding in Michigan must give

careful consideration to all of the fac-

tors above noted and use good judg-

ment in every phase of the operation

from the purchase of the feeding stock

to the final marketing of the finished -

product. Under present market condi-

tions and present feed costs, two meth-

ods may be profitably considered with

the grade of feeding cattle ordinarily

available. One is the warming up

process above described which will

permit the lengthening of the feeding

period if market conditions are not

favorable at the time when it was orig-

inally intended to dispose of the cat«

tle without entailing a necessary loss

upon the feeder. Where cattle are put

upon full feed and crowded through a

five or six months’ feeding period they

cannot be held after a desirable finish

is obtained without entailing such loss,

and at present prices of feedstuffs they

must be a very desirable grade of

feeders which will finish into a product

of exceptional quality and must be

sold in an appreciative market, to re-

pay the cost of feed consumed, to stay

nothing of making the feeder a profit

above that cost.



The other plan which affords a pos-

sibility of profit, is a short feed on a

full ration which will quickly put the

cattle into fair market condition and

thus reduce the length of the feeding

period to the minimum. This is a plan

which finds favor with experienced

feeders who desire to find a profitable

home market for a surplus grain pro

duct, rather than of highly nutritive

forage, as was the case with the writ-

er this season.



(Continued on page 278).
l





FEB. 26, 1916.





CABBAGE FOR SHEEP.





 





I would like some advice_about the

value of cabbage for feeding sheep,

and what could one afford to pay for

them for that purpose? I have 42 head

of high-grade Shropshires and raise

early lambs, that is, from the first of

February to the first of April. The

present season they will drop from

February 20 to March 15. I have clo-

ver hay, bean pods, and cornstalks for

roughage and oats for grain. Would

like to know about cabbage as a green

food as I have no turnips or silage to

feed for milk producing. Cabbage are

selling at three cents per head, or less

in large lots. What are they worth

per pound to feed in my case?



Newaygo Co. 0. C. W.



By comparing the food analysis of

cabbage with that of rutabagas, sil-

age, etc., one can get a good idea of its

value. Cabbage is certainly just as

palatable and as digestible as any

green succulent food.



Crude Carbohy-





Protein. drates. Fat.

Turnips . . . . . . . 0.9 6.4 0.1

Cabbage ....... 2.3 8.9 0.1

Rutabagas . . 1.0 8.1 0.2

Corn silage . . . . 1.4 14.2 0.7





Corn silage does not contain so much

water as either rutabagas or cabbage,

in fact only about one-half as much,

and this must be taken into consider-

ation. It will be noticed that cabbage

is comparatively rich in protein which

is valuable. It contains more than

twice as much as rutabagas, nearly as

much starch and sugar and half as

much fat. The analysis will show that

cabbage 's worth more than rutabagas.



“men—Amie considers that silage is

much drier, containing 26 pounds of

dry matter to 100 pounds of silage,

and cabbage contains only 10 pounds,

then 100 pounds of silage would con-

tain as much protein as 100 pounds of

cabbage. It would contain five times

as much starch and sugar, and 17

times as much fat. I would estimate

from this analysis that cabbage is

worth only about half as much as

corn silage and fully as much as ruta—

bagas or turnips. Corn silage is usu.

ally figured at $3.50 to $4.00 per ton.

This would make cabbage worth $2.50

to $3.00 per ton, but as you have no

succulent feed, you can afford to pay

more than that.



COLON C. LILLIE.





LIVE STOCK N EWS.





 





Several new high winter records for

prime lambs, wethers, ewes and year-

ling wethers have been made recently,

and no one. appears to think the limit

has been reached, so great is the

shortage in feeding districts. Most of

the winter feeding is being carried on

in Colorado, Utah and portions of Ne-

braska, and the Utah flocks will find

their way when finished to the Pacific

coast markets. With such a lack of

live muttons in the United States, it is

no wonder that there is a wide-spread

desire to get in the industry, and the

few flocks of breeders and feeders that

are offered on the markets of the coun-

try are sure to bring fancy prices. The

range is steadily contracting, and little

danger exists of overdoing the produc-

tion of sheep or lambs in the next few

years. In Idaho‘ early lambing is find-

ing general favor, and it is stated that

sheepmen are looking for a good many

spring lambs in March and April. Re-

cently a sale was reported of 8,000

lambs in Montana for $8 per 100 lbs.

laid down in Billings, the owner ship-

ping them to his feed lots in Colorado,

and about the same time a band of four

thousand head of stock ewes was pur-

chased by an Idaho sheepman at the

unheard of price of $10.75 per head.

They were just good range stock, not

pure-breds, all bred and bought for de-

livery the first day of March. The

ewes are expected to produce at least

an average of one lamb per ewe, and

to shear in the coming spring about $2

worth of wool per head.



In a feeding trial with 159 pigs, some

fed during the summer and some in

winter, on the average 4.13 pounds of

corn meal were consumed to produce

one pound of live weight, the maxi-

mum being 5.2 pounds and the mini-

mum 3.24 pounds of meal, says a re-

port from an agricultural station in

Ireland. It was found that the aver-

age daily gain in weight made by a

large number of pigs fed on barley,

bran, or corn was practically the same.

The pigs fed on barley produced a bet-

ter quality of pork than those fed on

corn.





 





 





 





THE MIC‘HVIGAN FARM~ER . 13—-277

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TIME is money and it “costs” time to take care of cows.





STAR

Curb Clamp





And the profit comes from the milk they yield. So-





 

 





STAR BARN EQUIPMENT by cutting labor cost in

half, saves you money. And by making the animals give

more milk, and better milk, it increases your profits. Inci-

dentally, don’t forget it offers health insurance as well. That’s

how STAR BARN EQUIPMENT gives you “more cash

from the same cows.”





 





[PATENTED]





HIS device, now used on

all STAR STALLS, marks

a revolution in stall setting.





It’s about time you looked into this matter of cutting costs and rais-

Sixty seconds will set a stall—





ing profits in the dairy business; We’ll show you how. And—there’s

no theory about things that are down in cold, hard figures on the record the same length of time will re-

books of the best dairymen in America. move one. And you can finish

up your curb right alongwith the

rest of the concrete work without

the use of templets or anchors

and know that the stalls will fit

when they arrive.





And the Star Curb Clamp holds

a stall as Solid as a Rock.





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request and well worth owning. Sendfor them. STAR STEEL STALLS are built in our fac-

tory instead of your barn—they are sold on the Unit System—the Arched Construction

gives strength—the Alignment Device is simple and positive—the Star Curb Clamp en-

ables you to finish up the curb with the rest of the concrete work. Our stalls are

equipped with the wood—lined GIANT STAR STANCHION—it adjusts to fit all size

necks—has the One Hand Lock, and the quiet Double Chain Hanging—has a Sure Stop

that’s automatic and is the strongest stanc‘hion made. The biggest labor saver in the

barn is the Star Litter Carrier—we have the

most complete line of litter and feed carriers

in this country. Roller Bearing—Double Lock-

ed Tubs and Swinging Boom to free barnyard

of obstructions. Write for our catalogues today.





 





. Harvester Hay Carrier

, ' \ No._493 . :





 





. Write for ‘

Literature FREE

f—a 159 page. profusely

illustrated book of valu-

able barn data if you

wrlte, mentioning the

number of cows you .

keep,_whether you intend

to build or remodel your

barn and when. Also





 

   





 

 

   

   

   

 





FR E E e A a N

. P L A N 5



Let us help you design your new ham or remodel

your old one. Our Barn Plan Department is at your





service and Blue Prints are free. Let us know your

wants.





 

 





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In writing, .rla/c Hillel/'10 mtererted in Stalls, L z'lz‘er

Carriers, Static/z {0713,Hay Tools or Barn Door Ha ngers





Star Goods Sold 1337 Best Dealers Everywhere





Biggest in size and value. Roller

Bearing and Built for Heavy Duty.

Ask your dealer or write us for details.





HUNT, HELM, FERRIS & CO.





_ 13 Hunt Street Harvard, Illinois





 





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_ TREES and FRUIT PLANTS, ORNAMENTAL ‘ “All” AUCTloNEERlNG masses:

FRUIT and SHRUBS of all kinds. Send for Catalog. TREES and become Independent WIth no capital Invested.





Idlvvezy thriant-th 01‘: the tbillsiness taught. In a weeks.

l ‘i z . .

T. B. WEST, MAPLE BEND NURSERY, Lock Box 108, PERRY, 0., 103.35? 113%va Elfi‘riédflgor AUCTIONEERINGJ





28 N. Sacramento Blvd, Chicago, Ill. Carey M. Jones, Pros.





 





 





‘ /





 





Here at last is the land clearing device you have been looking for—the Kirstin One-Man Stump Puller—a simple.

powerful, practical Puller that one can handle and operate with ease. No big, expensive. cumbersome outfit—no



horses to drive—no extra work of any kind. With the Kirstin, one man alone clears land quickly, easily, economi-

cally. Costs little to begin with—nothing for upkeep—and costs far less to operate than any other hand





0 ' i. or horse power puller on the market. In the



\

“'3 1“ One-Man Stump Puller

you get every quality needed for land clearing—menu)“





The Kirstin can be usedkanywhere—Ton hillsides, in swamps and

own ~ ‘ - - -_ on rough ground or in this timber w Ierc no other puller could

:bler. ”“g‘ Tlafhglrshn IS the 01:11), 53111111: plug”. With vari] be used. The Government uses Kirstins—so do several of the

. spee 5' ‘5 glVCS you a lga van age savesmuc State Experiment Stations—and thousands of land owners from



time. To startthe tough stumps. you have enormous pagan: Maine to California and from Canada to the Gulf are loyal

then when the stump breaks loose, a turn ofa wrench gives boosters for'the Kirstin because it has demonstrated

gnaurspud. Any and all kinds of stumps—big. little, green. its superiority as a land clearing device. ”you have

dry. tough—also trees and hedges—are pulled quick and only acouple of acres of stump land you can lafiurd

easy. _ The Kirstin holds. the record for lowest cost of



Operation. Prove our claims by





toletit lay idle. Cut a Kirstin now—clear outthose

Ten Days Try-Out on Your Farm





stumps—make youxidle land pay you a profit.

0 0

Get the Kirstin Catalog—Today!

_ With the Improved Double Leverage Kir-

Still you can clear over an acre from one anchor.





Any one having stump land should get this

Also no time wasted in frequent re-setting of





 

   

   

 

   

 





   





 

   

   

   

   

 





 





 

 

 

   

   

   

 

 





 





A. J. KIRgng cg"



' 2 Lu ngton t.

59 9 Escanaba, Mich. I

Please send me your tree I

book on Stump pulling. ,





 

 

   

 

 





 

 





valuable lree book at once. It tells all about

the wonderful Kirstin One - Man Stump

, , _ _ , Puller. the Kirstin Service Bureau. t he

puller. The Kirstinis designed to save time. Payment plans and run, explains easiest.

When you get a Kirstin you get a complete, best. cheapest way to clear you: land.

practical Stump Pulling Outfit a: littll

con-and you are protected by the

. Kirstin Iron-Clad Guarantee.





 

 

 

 





 





Fill out'the coupon or mail

a postal—today-nowl





 





 





' Name uoasis-ntooooonQOccsuccess-uno-I





 

 

 

 

 





Town ...............................'$





R.F.D.or

Poo-30300000.. State...........u.u





 

   





 





381 E. Morrison 5!.





.. "id. 4236 Dennis St.

Portland. Oregon 53





ultSte. Marie. Ont-
./'

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buildings — Free.





“i... "'.LQL.L.'.'..i.iii lllllll





in T-I_-

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build. We will





Noun Corn Crib Write today.





3

National

Fire Proofing Company



1115 Fulton Building





Pittsburgh, Pa.





23 Factories—Short hauls—

Prompt shipments.





The Farm," and tell us

what kind of a bund-

ing you are planning to





A... you save money by

building permanently.





/





THE MICHIGA





Expert Builders

Specify Natco





' Profit by the ex-

perience of the

world’s greatest

architects.

who designed the build-

ing shown here, the Com-

mercial National Bank



Building of Chicago, know

that he was ‘using the most

' " lasting and safest of all mater-





ials. Follow his splendid example. ~





' Bild With Natco HollowTile





Best for the city—best for the farm. Erect a Natco 11t‘,'rl"llli lll'll

lmperishable Silo ——“The Silo That Lasts_ For Gener- "4| ‘ I l 1

ations.” Catalog sent for the asking. Build arhome . ll”



you'll be proud of— use Natco tile —, lg"!

l make it warm in winter, cool in sum- ,{ l\ 'J

‘ mer. safe, healthy and comfortable. .4 ll”

Build a Natco Corn Crib, Milk

House, Garage, Barn, etc. We Jill

have plans for all kinds of farm 4





A 4- . ‘.

Write for ‘l'llil . _" F' //§\L\ "

our new book “Natco On ll > , If - J-

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The man





 

 





 

 





 

 





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help





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Two 14 x 32 Natco Imperish-

able Silos on farm of James





A. Lowe, Algonquin, Ill.





 





 





 





. , kinds wood stave. Haul



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TILE OR STAVE paid to your home



Fire and frost proof. Superior to cement.



Save money, too, by early-in-yctir shipments



and details. Silo users make best localagents.

Write today—Dept. 621, ‘





GUARANTEED Glazed tile or four

mazoo Silos when farm

labor is most plentiful



town- Red wood doors, continuous Opening



door lrame. Tile silos anchored by weight.

direct from nearest kiln, on factory to farm

co-operation sales plan. Ask for booklet



KALiAMAZOO TANK & SILO C0.



KALAMAZOO. MICH.





 





 





 





 





 





NY silo is better than no silo,

but no silo is better than the





Will.“





, Get our catalog and the book that tells

what owners of the Indiana Silo think

about it.





Write today for early buyere’ money-saving

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THE INDIANA 811.0 00., 582 Union Bldqunder-ooand-





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' HIPPED 0N

APPROVAL





The INDE—



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manufactured of the best

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you can examine your Silo-at. your

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Send f or free



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CATALOGUE

INDEPENDENT SlLO co.





Zilti Univevsity Ave.. St. Paul, Minn.

811 I. 0. 0. 1“. lildg.. Indianapolis. Ind.





MAPLE SYRUP MAKERS





The Grim Evaporator





Used by principnl .

mnple syrup makers

everywhere. Saving .

of time Ind fuel alone ‘ ‘- .

will pay for the out- '

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logue and state num- V ‘ ‘ t

be: of tree- you tap. '





lGR’l‘MM' MANUFACTURTNG CO‘.

“9-821 Blimplaln m. It. H.





mm, 0M0,





 





 





. ‘ V n . .

THE TIME, NOW!

All the winter long, the troubled owner

of a lame‘horse reads our advertise-

ments. Then, day after day slips away

while he talks, laments, listens, takes

advice and hesitating—FAILS T0 ACT—

till the Springtime is on him and his horse

is not yet able to work. Meantime the

thrifty, prosperous, resolute man reads,

considers the evidence carefully ——

Decides Promptly—and his horse is uickly

cured, worked, too, if needed. hat’s

exactly what happens every winter.





“I \Vnnt the Whole World to Know What It Has

Done For Me.”— Frank Stevens. of Greenwood, Ind..

and adds: “ Save-The-Horse has cured bone spaviii,

thoroughpin, and one with a sprained stifle.”



0m- Chnrzen for Treatment ARE MODERATE.

But write for our 96 page “ SAVE-TIIE-lloBSE

1300K ”—it is the last word on the UP—To-DATE

treatment of 68 kinds of Lameness—Ringbone—

Thoroughpin — SPAVIN — and ALL Shoulder, Knee,

Ankle, Hoof , and Tendon Disease, -- Fully ILLUSTRATED.



WE ORIGINATED the plan of giving a Signed

Contract Bond to return money if remedy fails.

But write. BO0K, Sample (‘ontrnot and ADVICE—

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TROY CHEMICAL C0., ‘10 Commerce Ave. Bindnniton, N.Y.





‘ Drugglsts Everywhere seil Snve-The-Horee with CON-





L’l‘, or we send by Parcel Post or Express paid.





M1008 ERS'lo

EXTENSION-ROOF





 

   





The HOOSIER ROOF will make your silo 100%

efficient. No 10st space by your eiisilage settling.

It is the kind of silo roof you have been looking

for. “'rite nearest office for catalogue and learn

why HOUSI ER customers say that the “HOOSIER

ROOF ought to be on every silo."





SHEET METAL SPECIALTY COMPANY

302 New York Street, Goshen Ind.

_ 302 Ann Arbor Savings Bank, Ann Arbor, Mich.





 





 





 

 





NBW' Edition iii: of

~lVlode-rn Silage Methods

__ " ENTIRELY a new book-new



chapters—tells facts about every





type of silo—home made, stave,

brick.cement,tile,rnetal,pit,





 

 

 





 

 

   





N" F,A.R M E R

CATTLE FE‘EDlNG IN MJGHIG‘AN. _





(Continued from page 276).

Cattle feeding is a. business which

the novice should grow into rather

than go into on a large scale. It is a

business in which experience counts

and in the prosecution of which good

business judgment must be used on

the part of the feeder. The man who

adopts a. method or plan of cattle feed-

ing simply because some successful

feeder has found it profitable, when

the conditions under which he oper-

ates may be altogether different, is

well started on the road to disappoint-

ment. On the other hand, cattle feed-

ing does afford a remunerative market

for home-grown products or cheaply

available by-products and has proven

a profitable specialty for many farm-

ers and a valuable side line for very

many more. The average Michigan

farmer should, in the writer’s opinion,

however, look upon cattle feeding as

a possibly profitable side line rather

than as a specialty.





iCARE OF THE sow AT FARROW-

' ING TIME. "





Farrowing time is one of the most

important times of the year for the

breeder of swine. Often a man de-

stroys his chances of success by neg-

lect, at this time. While the number

of pigs a sow farrows is important, the

number she raises determines whether

she is being kept at a profit or loss. A

sow that farrows five pigs and raises

all of them is more profitable than one

which farrows fifteen but, raises only

two or three. The disposition of the

sow has much to do with the number

of pigs she will raise, but proper care

at l‘arrowing time. is also an important

factor.



A week or so before she is due to

farrow the sow should be removed

from the other sows and placed in the

quarters where she is to farrow. It is

best to feed her a ration high in pro-

tein and rather laxative in its nature,

similar to the feed she is to receive

while suckling her pigs. At the Mis-

souri Agricultural Experiment Station

good results have followed the use of

a ration of corn, 50 per cent; shorts,

25 per cent; bran, 15 per cent; and

linseed oil meal, 10 per cent—all by

weight. As the farrowing date comes

closer the ration should be reduced

somewhat. This will bring the sow up

to farrowing time in good condition.

She will not be so feverish and rest-

less, so there will be less danger of

her mashing her pigs when she far-

rows.



An important precaution to be ob-

served in caring for the farrowing sow

is not to supply her with too much

bedding; a bushel of wheat chaff or

cut straw is good. If the place where

the sow is to farrow is warm it will

not be needed for warmth. The dan-

ger of supplying too much bedding is

that the pigs will be covered by it and

be smothered or crushed. It may be

necessary to change the bedding after

the sow fai'rows but the amount should

not be increased.



The less a sow is disturbed at far-

rowing time the better, and for that

reason she should be kept separate

from the other hogs. While someone

should be on hand, unless she needs

assistance it is best to keep away from

her. If it does become necessary to

help her, do it as quietly as possible.



The pigs should not be chilled before

they have dried off and suckled, so if

the weather is cold a lantern hung in

the top of the cot will be of service. If





, the sow is gentle it is well to take





each pig away from her as soon as it

is farrowed and place it in a box or





._ barrel containing some hot bricks cov-





ered with old sacks. After the pigs

have dried off and are lively enough,

they may be put with the sow. In case





ithe pigs do become chilled, the best





way to revive them is to dip them in





hot water.





As the pigs are not able to take





‘much milk, the flow should not be





 





 





run 26, 1.916.





stimulated: for- a few days. Give the

Sow plenty of water as she is in a fev-

erish condition, but take the chill off

of it if the day is cold. It is not nec-

essary to feed the sow fOr a day or

two and the first feed given should

consist of a small amount of thin slop,

which should be gradually increased

as the pigs become able to take more

milk. In two weeks ti‘rne she should

be on full feed which should consist of

a good, laxative, milk-producing feed.

There is no better way of feeding the

pigs than through the mother, so feed

the sow for the greatest amount of

milk.

Mo. Agri. Col. L. A. WEAVER.

MAKING PROGRESS IN HORSE

BREEDING.





No noticeable progress can be made

in breeding animals of any species so

long as the breeding stock consists of

unsound individuals or is of unknown

breeding. The country is over-run with

grade and scrub stock of all kinds, and

in the breeding of horses there has

been much misunderstanding regard-

ing the real requirements. A definite

plan for breeding has been lacking.

Some farmers have attempted to im-

prove their stock by grading up with

pure-bred sires, but oftentimes unsuit-

able types have been used and all sorts

of crosses have been made. The result

has been. naturally unsatisfactory.



Looking upon breeding as a business

proposition, why do some farmers per-

sist in allowing $5 or $10 in service

fee to make a difference of $100 in the

value of the colt? The higher service

fee, with a pure-bred sire, has always

proved profitable. There is a ready,

appreciative outside market for a good

grade colt, while the scrub goes to a

local buyer at a low figure.



Although some farmers have come

to appreciate the importance of using

sound, pure-bred stallions, many farm-

ers have not comprehended that sound

mares are important. When a mare

has closed her usefulness as a work

horse, because of a weakness, she is

ofttimes set aside for breeding. So

long as this is continued, unsound

horses will beget unsound horses, and

value in horse flesh will not increase

as it could be made to with a little

thought in the selection of the best,

mare for the purpose.



By gradual processes the farming

communities of Europe replaced their

scrub stallions with pure—breds. They

learned by experience that the greatest

profits were gained by the production

of pure-bred and high—grade stock, and

in many breeding centers they would

not keep or patronize a non-registered

sire. In Great Britain practically all

farmers recognize the importance of

using pure-bred sires, and only such

as are used in various districts whence

come the many well-known British

breeds of horses.



The great war will devastate Europe

of her prize stock, which will mean

that, countries such as the United

States, will need to supply the future

world‘s supply of horses. It would be

a good move in the proper direction if

every community should organize a

horse-breeders’ association, on the co-

operative basis. Granges and other

societies should see to it that the horse

receives his due attention along with

the other farm animals. Most farmers

do not appreciate the value of a horse

until they come to purchase one. And

why should any farmer buy horses?

Every farmer. in America should be

breeding his own stock.



New York. EARL W. GAGE.





ems.





“Will they Freeze?” This question

is answered in a booklet sent upon re-

quest by the Canton Culvert & Silo

00., Canton, Ohio, manufacturers of

Zyro metal silos. It contains testimon-

ials of many users on this point.



Du Pont Magazine, published month-

ly by I. E. Du Pont de Nemours & 00.,

Wilmington, Del., contains much valu-

able information on the use of ex-

plosives for the various industrial pur-

poses to which they. are adapted. Semi

for a copy, mentioning this paper.
\





ems." 26,‘ 1916-.





ThetMan, the COW and the Farm





By ‘W. MILTON KELLY





ILK,‘ cream,” rbutter and cheese

have long been recognized as

among the. best of the material



good things of life. Natural, then, and

not strange, is ‘it that man has com-

mercialized the dairy cow. In all coun-

tries where. the dairy industry has

made its greatest progress we find the

highest type of civilization. Scientists

have no difficulty in tracing the rise

of civilization as concomitant with the

growth of the dairy industry; hence I

offer no apology for linking the man

with the cow at the present time. The

man represents the highest type of

evolutionary forces which have been

and still are at work, but the dairy cow

holds a very high place in the scales

of development below man. By work-

ing together they have been able to

achieve marvelous results on the farm.



Successful dairy farming depends

largely on hitching up, or as scientists

would say, correlating, three entirely

different things—the man, the cow,

and the farm. There is no sort of use

in trying to achieve success with a

cow not adapted to the farm or par-

ticular line of the business pursued,





plement his pastures, feeds regularly

and with good judgment, has an abund-

ance of pure water and salt at hand at

all times and keeps the mangers and

feeding places clean and sanitary. The

dry cows are given special attention

so that they may build up their bodies

and nervous systems for the great

strain of the next lactation period. In

addition he studies the question of

economy of transport and the best

methods of buying and selling dairy

foods and dairy products. Efficient

buying and selling is essential to suc-

cessful dairy farming; its profits de-

pend on this.

The Cow.



Several breeds of dairy cattle have



been developed under widely different





THE MICHIGAN FARMER-





 





 





environments and slightly different

ideals. The Jerseys, Guernseys from

the Channel Islands give rich milk

adapted for a high-class milk and

cream trade or for butter making. Hol-

land has given us the Holstein-Frie-

sians, the greatest milk-making ma-

chines in the world. From Scotland

come the Ayrshires with their perfect

udders and rugged constitution. Some-





 





 





High-bred Cows and Low Dairy Ideals do not go Together.





nor with a man not capable of caring

for her, nor with a farm not adapted

for growing the food crops necessary

for compounding a reasonably well-

balanced ration. 111 the older dairying

localities long experience has forced

dairymen to give their cows the best

of care and grow a variety of crops

adapted to their needs, or a cash crop

that may be sold advantageously and

the fertility removed replaced by pur-

chased concentrates. Either directly

or indirectly the farm must support

the cows if the business is to pay sat-

isfactory profits.

Improve the Dairyman First.



The better dairyman must precede

the better dairy cow. If possible he

should take a course at an agricultural

college. If this is not possible he

should read dairy literature that may

now be had for a small sum. The man

who is seeking information can obtain

it at little expense in these days of ex-

pansion of agricultural thought and

practice. He must also be a student of

economy and efficiency. He must think

deeply and act wisely. Knowledge is

power only when a man can employ it

to set natural materials and forces to

work in such a way as to achieve prac.

tical results On his farm.

point that many clever business men

turn tricks that put their business on

a money-making basis where a dairy

expert would fail. The dairyman not

only needs knowledge, but he must

have the ability to put his knowledge

into practice.



The successful dairy farmer houses

his cattle comfortably, treats them

kindly, studies them individually as

well as collectively and keeps a record

of the amount of milk produced and

food consumed. He provides succu-

lence for winter by putting up silage,

plans to use up all of the cheap, bulky

feeds possible and regulates the

amount of grain according to the milk

flow. He plans for summer drouths

by having some silage left over in the

spring, or grows soiling crops to sup-





It is at this"





what variant in type, there is a gen-

eral similarity and a well-defined rela-

tion between form and function in

these breeds from different. countries.

Then come the Brown Swiss with a

type so modified that our dairy farm-

ers were skeptical about the first im~

portations, so widely did they depart

from our accepted standards. But pro-

duction records prove that these big-

boned mountain cattle are entitled to

recognition from our dairy farmers.

With these breeds the work of grading

up the native stocks into profitable

dairy herds has proceeded very rapidly

in many localities in this country, with

satisfactory results where the work

has been conducted in the intelligence

of the present era.



Various seven-day, thirty-day and

yearly tests, conducted with the most

careful scrutiny, have afforded con-

vincing demonstration of the fact that

the milk, cream, butter and cheese of

commerce need not be made by the

cow whose annual yield of milk is lim-

ited to 4,000 pounds, but that cows

producing from 6,000 to 10,000 pounds

are within the possibilities, the com-

paratively easy possibilities. It re-

mains in large part for the dairy farm-

ers throughout the country to avail

themselves of the improved blood pro-

duced by enterprising breeders who

have made two pounds of milk flow

from an udder where only one pound

was wont to be produced. Years ago

improved blood was not at his com-

mand, but today good blood may be

had at reasonable prices, and if the

4,000 pound of milk per year cow out-

numbers the 6,000 and 10,000 pound

cow in the herds of the country it is

the fault of the farmer, it is the price

of his ignorance or indifference.



Form and Function.



Just how much importance to place

upon the relationship of form and func-

tion, or production records, is a rather

difficult thing to decide. Some men

think if you get a cow with a wedge

shape, very prominent backbone, a





,r

l





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





than to buy experience





ACH year some 40,000 farmers, who have bought at one

time or another “cheap" cream separators, discard their

inferior, cream wasting machines and replace them with



clean skimming De Lavals.



These men bought the “cheap” machines because they

thought they were “good enough” or “just as good” and that,

by purchasing such machines they could save a little money.

They actually would have been better off in most cases had

they bought no separator; for they lost most of the money

they spent for the “cheap” machines, besides all the cream

these machines have failed to get out of the milk.



No one ever saved money using a “cheap” cream wasting

separator or an old or half worn-out machine. No one ever got

back the money spent for such a machine by continuing to use

it. Those who bought “cheap" machines and got out of the

difficulty best are the ones who quickly discovered their mistake,

discarded the inferior machines and put in real cream separators

-——De Lavals.



There are nearly 9,000,000 farmers who have bought De

Lavals, and every one of these had just as many opportunities

to buy “cheap” separators as any one else. They did not do it

and are now money ahead. They have avoided paying the high

cost of experience, and their De Lavals have paid for them-

selves many times over. It always pays to buy a separator of

proved, known superiority.



The nearest De Laval agent will be glad to let you see and

try a De Laval on your own farm. without obligating you in

any way. It is better to take advantage of this opportunity

than to pay dearly for your own cream separator experience.

If you don’t know the local De Laval agent, simply address the

nearest main office as given below.





The De Laval Separator Co.





165 Broadway, New York 29 E. Madison St., Chicago

50,000 BRANCHES AND LOCAL AGENCIES THE WORLD OVER





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





70 lbs. Milk Cost 36 cts.





Elsie, MiCh-. H. F. Lewis, has a herd of 16 pure bred Holsteins that

are doing fine on Unicorn. He has a 2 year old that is giving 56

lbs. per day with no other grain ration but Unicorn. Also a 5 year

old that averaged 70 lbs. per day through January on 14 lbs. of

Unicorn feed as a grain ration. These are facts I obtained of him

this morning. A. R. LEVEY.





Hundreds of UNICORN feeders are doing as well.





UNICORN DAIRY RATION





is equally profitable for tests or every day dairying. TRY IT.

FOR FACTS AND FIGURES WRITE,





GHAPIN & 00., Dept. ll, Hammond, Ind.





 





 





 





When Writing to advertisers please state that

you saw their ad. in The Michigan Farmer.





l.

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g

3.

i

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.2
HE ends lap over similar to

a “ship-lap” joint—braces

tile against tile—gives you

the maximum durability of tile

-—the ideal silo material— defies

age, fire, winds, winter frost and

Summer heat.





Write for literature





and let us tell you about this superior

construction in the Lansing Vitrified

Tile Silo. Reinforced throughout with

twisted steel -—10% stron er than steel not.

twisted. New fluted end eeps mortar m

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climb. Write today for

catalog.



1. M. PRESTON co.

Ilem.309 Lanalng. Mlcll.

Get our oil’ er on Climax



Silage Cutters

and Bidwell Threshers





 

 





 





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S.





////// I





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f TH E“ Neil C: Hi1 GA





, ‘ bright eye, and ah- theother: points,





she will prove a good milker, but I





f Want to say from my own experience

" buying, breeding





and raising cows

that the dairy farmer should not place





' too much‘ importance upon dairy form.





The fact that so many cows without

the true dairy form have made very

creditable advanced registry records

is practical proof that the form thedry

is of little use to the great mass of

dairymen. Some men who are breed-





. ing pure-bred cattle will give much at-

‘ tention to a fine horn or a certain col-





or; and they will weed out all cows

that have not the horn just so; or a

black switch. The chances arethat

the men who are doing that are de-

stroying in many cases animals which





 





 





Market the Milk





Raise your calves

and get the bigger

money to w h i c h you

are entitled. But do not

feed the calf whole milk,

with bu ttcr fat worth

$600 a ton.



You can sell all.

the mother cow’s

mllkor butter and

make your cul f pay

you a big profit on

its feedaby raisingiton





Blatchford’s Calf Meal ‘





The Recognized Milk Equal

Youtget 100 allons 0 rich milk feed from 100 pounds of

Blatch urd’s :Illf Meal. and it costs u onl one-fourth

.- much. It will make your call grow at am well.



Blot Ma’s Cal! . la compo-ed of tho clam-nu

(Ii. young c." nude in the moat trying period of its life‘

is thorouzhly steam cmikedf rcventa bowel troubles and

other ills due to improper gm k substituteo.



mater-lord's Pilfleql Insure! quick sturdy growth of

younl pm It wire-nine time. Without setback or mum on.



rite us for our ree

ooh on “How to Reuse

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‘ Haichforil Cal! Meal Factor!



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PRICES (”01"an





42565196554”





Four sizes of Galloway Sanitary bath-in-oil ,

so arators for 1916 and four new low

19 6pi-ices. Six easy selling plans——

cash or terms These new separators

skim from 375 to 960 lbs. per hour. They

are boilt in my great chain of factories

from the highest quality materials by

skilled workmen and sold to you di- ’

rect to you at one small profit.

If you buy a separator in the next twelve

months you should have my





NEW 250 PAGE 1916 BOOK





It tells you how I build Galloway Sanitary

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To try in your own h°m°. 30 days free .no matter where

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of high grade material, beautifully finished smooth de-



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Ask your dealers to show

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‘ Send postal toda . Write



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—A'good sober Dairy Man with two good

wanted boys able to milk. B the Year.

B. C. Banfleld. lo. Michigan.





When writing advertisers mention lllchuan Farmer





Owen





 





have the power to, produce the most

milk and butter. They have sacrificed

lthem to that fad called form. It is all

lright in itself for skillful breeders to

maintain dairy form within certain lim-

its, but the average dairy farmer will

succeed better to breed his cows upon

llines of production as determined by

1the scales and the Babcock test.





The Farm.



The dairy farmer must bear in mind

that he is a farmer as well as a dairy

man. It is fundamentally wrong to

assume that one can build up a highly

specialized dairy business that will

pay profitable returns without growing

an abundance of palatable and nour-

ishing food for the cattle. In many

parts of the country where dairy farm-

‘ers have attempted to set the milk-

iproducing endof their business above

Lthe crop-producing end they have met

with failure. Dairy cows and crop pro-

duction are economically inseparable

on the well-managed dairy farm.



The selection of the farm is, per-

haps, of less importance to the major-

ity of readers than the selection of

some particular branch of the industry

that is adapted to their present sur-

roundings. It is possible, however,

that a brief discussion of the advan-

tages and the disadvantages of certain

soils and locations may be of value to

those who are contemplating buying a

farm and going into the dairy busi-

ness.



Dairying has so far made its great-

est progress in the more northern,

colder climates very largely because

the handling of milk and its products

was cheapened by low temperatures a

portion of the year and by cheap ice

refrigeration for the summer season.

This in the main is the fundamental





 





‘ reason why the northern states lead in





dairying, together, perhaps, with one

more reason—that northern farmers

have learned to care for the cow in





, winter better than those in the south





have learned to do in hot weather.

While dairy farmers in different local-

ities face local problems of climate

and soil, yet the same general princi-

ples of crop growing and cow feeding

hold good everywhere.



Best Location for Profitable Dairying.



Location plays an important part in

the dairy business as regards markets

and classes of production intended. For

milk or cream selling the farm must

necessarily be located near the mar-

ket, or near some shipping station. For

producing butter or cheese, or raising

dairy stock to sell, it may be located

far from a railroad or market; in fact,

for these purposes, the advantages of

a farm, remote from market or public

conveyance, may be more favorable

than near, as land is much higher and

help more expensive near a market or

railroad line. .



An ideal dairy farm should support

luxuriant growths of pasture, meadow

grasses and forage crops. Grass is

the natural food for dairy cows. With

their great capacity for handling large

amounts of bulky feed and a corres-

pondingly insatiable appetite for fresh

green grass and forage to suply the

needs of their digestive systems they

derive the most benefit from these

crops. Hay and corn silage furnish al»

most as important a part of the winter

ration for the dairy herd as natural

grass and green forage do in the sum-





 





N FARMER





s





mer. With land. that Will. supply an.

abundance of grasses and rich protein





forage as a basis, the cost. of efficient





dairy rations. -is minimized and the

cow’s health is better maintained than

when too much concentrated grain and

by-products are fed.





Where the farm is situated a con-

siderable distance from the railway

station he will of necessity produce his

own feedstuffs as the expense of haul-

ing a long distance will be, if not pro-

hibitive, yet so great that such a

course will be inadvisable. Where

this is the case he will find it advan-

tageous to practice summer dairying

and plan to carry his cows through

the winter with such feeds as silage,

hay, home-grown grain and a very





small quantity of purchased feeding.





materials. On the other hand, if the

farm is situated near a railway station

he can find more profit in buying con-

centrated feedstuffs to balance his

home-grown roughage and produce

milk during the winter months. Un-

der ordinary circumstances it pays bet-

ter to plan the herd management so

that it will yield a steady income

throughout the year.

The Size of the Dairy Farm.



The size of the farm, the proportion

of tillable lands to rolling pasture

lands, the kinds of soil, the value of

the buildings, and numerous other fac-

tors, influence the value of the dairy

farms. The question of whether it is

better to buy a farm near a market or

railroad station or go further back and

buy cheaper land depends upon the

amount of capital one has to invest in

the business, his ability to make it

yield large profits and the particular

branch of the business he is to pur-

sue. Some of the very best money-

making farms are situated further

back, but, as a rule, it is better to in-

vest in a farm that is situated in close

proximity to good markets and near

transportation lines, even though the

original cost is considerably greater.

VVell-located farms always find a more

ready sale, which is many times an im-

portant thing to consider before in-

vesting in a farm.





STANDARD OF THE FARM DAIRY

HERD.





 





It seems to be true that the quality

of the farm dairy herds is of a much

lower standard in practically every

way than those of the city dairyman.

This really works to the detriment of

the farmer and yet he is to blame for

the whole thing. The city dairyman

who must buy all of his feed knows

that he cannot afford to keep a cow

unless she is a real producer, therefore

he goes out'into the country and per-

suades the farmer to part with the

very best cows in his herd. The cow

is taken to the city and worked as

hard as possible until she begins to

fail, when she is sold to the butcher.

All of her calves have gone to the

same place and thus we see that noth-

ing whatever has been done toward

building up the standard of the dairy

animals of the country.





Circumstances make it necessary

that the city dairyman should make a

very close study of the business and

knowledge thus acquired enables him

to take advantage of the average farm-

er when he goes out into the country

in search of cows to add to his herd.

Very seldom does he consider buying

the cows that the farmer is Willing to

dispose of but he ferrets out those

that he is confident are the real pro~

ducers and, be it said to the credit of

his shrewdness, he usually gets what

he wants.



Such sales are. bound to keep any

herd down to a mediocre standard be-

cause the cows that really produced a

profit are gone, also there is but small

likelihood of any improvement because

calves from poor cows seldom prove

more valuable than their dam. Such

methods usually allow the quality of

the herd to deteriorate.



It is certainly timethat the farmers





 





FEB. 26, 1916.





in the vicinity of the larger cities and

tOWns were educated along these lines,

so that the robbing of the country

dairies may be prevented. Dairymen

in the country must become as wise

as the city buyers and refuse to sell

the animals that they should depend

upon to help them toward greater prof-

its. The practice of this plan would

add greatly to the worth of hundreds

of herds that are nearby the cities,

the place where the opportunity for

the greatest profits is found. ,



There is another way in which the

country dairyman can greatly improve

his herd and that is to make arrange-

ments with the city dairymen to pur-

chase all of their heifer calves. He

can really afford to pay a little more

than the market price for the calves

inherit qualities that will practically

insure their becoming good cows. It

is never much work to get these or-

phans to growing, nicely and there is

usually plenty of pasturage which can

be supplemented by such feeds as are

to be had cheaply. When these be-

come milkers the better ones may be

selected to add to the herd and the

surplus sold. This not only affords a

means of quickly building the herd up

to' a high standard but affords an op-

portunity for extra profit.



Ohio. S. C.

AN INTERESTING CONTEST AT



THE DAIRY MEETING.





 





An interesting feature of the recent

meeting of the Michigan Dairymen’s

Association at Kalamazoo was the

bull-calf weight estimating contest

held on Thursday evening, February

10. A pure-bred Holstein bull calf was

the prize awarded in the competition.

The calf was bred by Judge Williams,

of Allegan county, and Marvin C.

Haight. He was a grandson of Friend

Hengerveld DeKol Butter boy on sire’s

side and a great grandson of Pontiac

Aaggie Korndyke on dam’s side. On

the date of the contest the calf weigh-

ed 167 lbs., 15 ozs. He was won by

James Van Aug, of Kalamazoo, who

sold the calf at auction, Prof. A. C.

Anderson officiating as auctioneer.

John M. Larsen, of Chicago, an exhib-

itor at the show, purchased the calf

for $75.00, and will present him to a

friend at Omaha, Neb.





MlLKING METHODS.





 





In tests made in Germany with the

Hegelund method of milking, it is

claimed that one cow gave seven

pounds of milk daily three weeks after

calving when milked three times a

day, and on the same ration when

milked eight times a day, 20 pounds.

After three weeks she was restored to

the three times a day milking and con-

tinued to give the higher amount of

milk. Another cow gave from 10 to 12

pounds of milk per day on three times

milking and 29 pounds when milked

seven times per day, which amount

she continued to give when returned

to three times milking.





NORTHERN PENINSULA DAIRY-

MEN MEET.





 





The first annual meeting of the

Northern Peninsula Dairymen’s Asso-

ciation was held at Stephenson, Tues-

day, February 15. Much enthusiasm

was shown over results and prospects

of dairying in the Upper Peninsula.

Addresses were delivered by President

F. H. Vandenboom, Marquette; W. F.

Raven, Upper Peninsula Extension

Specialist for Michigan Agricultural

College; Prof. A. C. Anderson of Mich-

igan Agricultural College; George W.

McCormick, of Menominee. Discus-

sions of co-operative cattle buying

were led by County Agents R. G. Hoop-

ingarner, of Crystal Falls, D. S. Bul-

lock, of Marinette, Dr. Sawbridge, of

Stephenson. County Agent Geismar,

of Houghton County, read a paper pre-

pared by W. S. Prickett, proprietor of

the Roycroft Dairy Farm upon the

Northern Peninsula as a dairy section.



The officers elected for the ensuing

year were: President, F. H. Vanden-

boom, Marquette, (re-elected); vice—

president, R. L. Nye, Menominee; sec—

retary-treasurer, C. V. Ballard, Iron

Mountain, (re-elected). Board of Di-

rectors: U. F. Asslin, Norway, Mich.;

L. G. Holden, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.;

J'. W. Byers, Iron River, Mich.; W. B.





,T-romas, Manistique, Mich.; C. E. Peck,





Oontonagon, Mich.
\u





FEB. 26, 1916.





DAIRY PROBLEMS. ,





 





The Ration Lacks Protein.



I am milking grade Holstein cows,

giving 30 lbs. of milk a day. I~ wish

you would give me a balanced ration.

Right now we are feeding corn, oats

and barley, equal parts, for roughage;

corn stover, bean straw, clover and al-





falfa. Bran is $26 a ton; middlings

$29; cottonseed and oil meals $36 a

ton. We have wheat and cull beans.





The cows are not doing the way they

ought to. W. N.

Corn, oats and barley do not contain

quite enough protein to properly bal-

ance a roughage ration of cornstalks

and clover and alfalfa hay. If the

cows had all the alfalfa hay they would

eat, also silage, then ground oats would

properly balance. I suggest that you





barley.

weight, with wheat bran.





liberally I think you will get results.



Cottonseed Meal Not Necessary.



Will you give me a balanced ration

for my cows? I am feeding good en-

silage twice a day, good alfalfa hay

twice a day. Cornstalks, not frosted,

twice a day; grain two-thirds; sound

grain: two-thirds sound oats, one-third

ground rye, one pound cottonseed

meal, fed twice a day. Would it pay

me to feed bran at $26 per ton?



Hillsdale Co. T. T. H.



This is a good ration. You can do

away altogether with the cottonseed

meal and rye by feeding one-third bran

with the ground oats. I think it would

make a better ration.



Probably Skin Disease.



\‘i'hat is the trouble with my two-

year-old registered Holstein bull. He

is always licking himself and I can’t

find any lice on him. I feed cornstalks,

hay, straw and silage, and for grain,

ground buckwheat and oil meal. I

would like to know what to do for

him. (‘ould I better my grain by mix-

ing some wheat bran and not so much

of the other grain? “'hat; is the best

grain for calves when skim-milk and

alfalfa hay are fed? Would a wash of

castile soap do good or harm to the

bull? H. L.



No one can tell the trouble with this

bull without making an examination.

I suggest that. you consult your local

veterinarian. He ought to be able to

tell you the trouble and also to pre-

scribe a successful treatment.



Perhaps too heavy a feed of buck-

wheat might cause irritation of the

skin. Discontinue the buckwheat for

a time and give him wheat bran. It

would take several days for this to

produce any results.



I would not wash him with soap un-

til I consulted a veterinarian. If you

wet his skin you must rub till thor-

oughly dry.



Can the Ration be Cheapened?





How can I reduce the expense of.





feeding my cows? I am feeding wet

brewers’ grains at $6.50 per ton at the

rate of half a ton per week to 14 cows,

and silage and clover hay for rough-

age. It is almost impossible to get

good corn this year. I am a gardener

and am buying everything but the

roughage. Can you advise anything

for the pox on cows? W. S.





If we reduce the wet brewers’ grains '





to a dry matter basis, it will make a.

grain ration of seven to eight pounds

per day, which, while liberal, is not ex-

cessive. Again, the ration can be fair-

ly well balanced by substituting corn-

meal and wheat bran equal parts by

weight for the brewers’ grains. In

other words, the brewers’ grains fur-

nish protein a little in excess when fed

in connection with clover hay. But

corn meal and bran are little, if any,

cheaper than the brewers’ grains, so

there would be no reduction in the

cost, and as there is no harm in a

small excess of protein as long as it

does not add to the cost, I see no rea-

son for changing. I can suggest no

better or cheaper ration.



Variola, or “Cowpox,” is not very

pleasant to handle, but it is not~usually

serious. Wash the teats and udder

before milking, with tepid water, use

a little soap if necessary, to get it

clean.

or iodoform ointment. If it does not

bring relief, use a two and a half per

cent solution of chloride of zinc. If

this does not readily bring relief then

consult your veterinarian.





\.





Then apply ‘carbolized vaseline ‘





l





‘a SEPARATOR EXTRM





 





l

l





l





years ago we decided to use our 20 years

lof experience and our knowledge of what





feed Wheat bran in Place of oats and ; farmers really need and want in a separator and

Mix corn meal equal parts by. ’



This will[

give you more protein, and by feeding l CVOI‘y WlSh.





 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FA'RMER





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





\\

Here’s \\

that new \\\Q





model Reliance— \\

\\\





the separator that

:arggfffiijit’ljbii st‘ iiilt a tfii’frmers \\

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wanted that over 100,000 were

sold within two years’ time. (IITWO





produce a new model separator——one that would meet

No ordinary machine would do—it must be





The N ew

Model





Reliance

Cream Separator





met with such instantaneous success, such a tremendous demand, that}

we could hardly keep up with orders.



This machine has twelve big, important features.

showing pictures and giving full description.





No cups——no lubricators. Learn about the wonderful Reliance

bowl—guaranteed to skim to 1.30 of l per cent or better, no matter

what the densrty of cream.





the splendid fiaturcs of this fine money-maker. \Vritc today.





Reliance Engineering Company

MICH.





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LANSING Box 563





 

 

 





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EPARATOR EXTRAORDINARY





Achievement of

Twenty Years’

Experience





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17—281





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When writing to advertiser please mention

The Michigan Farmer.
I .





282 ~18





‘ u.





FEB. 26.519136.





 





THE "hafCHIGAN FA-RME‘R





NOTE: Even after its experience of nearly a century, Case is not‘ content to publish advertisements unleu based on the very latest

authoritative information. This is one of a series of messages to farmers prepared alter visiting treetor demonstrations, talking to hundreds

of farmers and: carrying on a national‘ investigation through our sales organization and by mil to find the gas tractor needs of the farmers.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





When you come to reason it out, it is natural that a concern

like the Case Company, founded in 1842, should take first rank.

For back of each Case tractor lies tradition, history and valued

reputation—worth millions. Each tractor is made to add to

this world-wide reputation. We built our first tractor 24 years

ago and have since spent hundreds of thousands in perfecting it.

\Ve do all the experimenting before placing our tractors on the

market. We could not afford to put forth an experimental machine.





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From an actuatphowaruph Ufa. Case 10-20





How You Benefit





The very foundation of our continued success depends on good

tractors. The honor of the Case name has been built on the

reliability of Case products—and accepted the world over as the

standard by which others are judged. We are determined to

stand by the faith that has given us this name. We may appear

selfish in doing so. But if making wholly-worth products is essen-

tial to our preservation, if it is necessary to thus jealously guard

our reputation—you benefit, too. You profit in our selfishness.





Ten Construction Details in the Case 10-20

1





. Larger shafts—all high carbon steel. heat treated. Also larger

bearings.



. Steel channel frame speciallv braced and stayed to prevent



deflection.



. Ample cooling for motor by same type radiator as used on



heavy-duty trucks.



. Transmission gearing completely housed; runs in an oil bath.



Bull pinion of steel. case hardened.



. Next to bull pinion is a high-duty Hyatt ‘Roller Bearing.



. Rear axle carried in cannon bearing provided with 3 Hyatt



Roller Bearings. 1 of them being on each side of drive wheel.



. Extra bearings provided and located next to the belt pulley

and clutch, which takes the strain due to pull of belt away

from engine bearin .



9. Only one clutch is used for both operating in the belt or for



The Sign of traction. .



Mechanical 10. Hitch is so arranged as to do away with all side draft.





£$§fi§"3.,§’," Each Case tractor in its class has its own special features.





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Founded 1842





J. 1. CASE THRESHING MACHINE COMPANY, Inc. gait. RACINE, WIS.





“The Good Tractors Can

be Counted on One Hand”





So says a well-known agricultural authority in

The Country Gentleman. (There are 152 tractors. on the

market.) Then he goes on to say: ”Emphatically, the light tractor

Izas been made practical, but not all the light tractors on the mar-

ket are practical. There is special danger in the tractor made

by a concern that lacks experience in either this or the farm

implement field.”



The makers of Case tractors believe in spreading such sound

advice as this. We think it is, the kind of information being

sought by knowing farmers. It is keeping our faith with thou-

sands of customers. ' ‘



Farmers want to know who leads in the tractor world. Many

make comparison with automobile history. Many realize the

large number of automobile companies who have fallen by the

wayside. Most farmers do not want to be caught with an orphan

tractor on their hands. This is why so many lean towards Case.





Quality Comes First with Most Farmers





Over 9,000 dealers tell us farmers are commencing to rebel

at mere cheapness. “Quality is the most important thing for

the farmer to consider,” says The Farmers’ Mail and Breeze.



This is especially true with the smaller tractors, for the greatly

increasing interest in the smaller engines has encouraged many

companies to produce engines that are not up to the quality of

the big machines. It is extremely important to consider the

reputation behind the tractor. Is the company of which you

are buying the machine well established? Has it been success-

ful in making tractors?



“In other words, care should be taken to guard against

tractors built oh half-baked ideas. When you buy a tractor

from the standard companies you are certain of getting an

engine that has received thought and study by specialists

who know the problem of farm engineers.”





 





 





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M an actual photograph ofa Case 10-30





Case Commands International Admiration





Case has always stood for quality. For 74 years men

and their children and their children’s children have placed

their confidence in Case—an unviolated trust. Its reputa-

tion for honesty is indeed enviable. It is a standard com-

pany, making standard products, nothing freaky or experi-





mental. It has an unmatchable corps of tractor engineers

and experts, backed by unlimited resourcesin fac-

tory and field laboratories. So evidently it is the

one concern which is destined to lead the tractor



world. Case gas tractors come in four sizes:

10—20, 12—25, 20-40 and 30—60.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

   

 

   

 

   





Leaders in Other Lines of





0 fl 1 I '

Agricultural Machinery E AS E LaldiO‘

Case steam engines.Casethreshing machines. ‘





Case road machinery. Case- automobiles. and , Yum N73111:: On {1 Q3

each Case product is a dominant factor in its ’4, in ‘ 1‘ v.” D \g“

own field. Write today for our complete Case 9/4, 1 Gold W in 0.9.3‘“

Catalog. It is an album of. information that "low “

should be under the reading lamp in every farm ”’

sitting room. It is beautifully printed. with many

interesting scenes and reproductions in color. No farmer should miss

having it. Especially when it costs you only one penny for a postal card

to get it. Merely write, “Send me your general machinery catalog."





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LITERATURE

, POETRY

'I'IISTORY an?

INFORMATION





 





 





 





   

 





 





‘ PUBLISHE





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agazine Section ‘





 





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‘Ibe FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms apart of our paper every week. Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





VERYONE familiar with the his-

tory of the American revolution

knows of the military activity in



the beautiful Mohawk valley. Here

British agents incited the Indians to

commit all sorts of depredations

against the settlers. Their frequent

incursions finally forced the settlers

to forsake their farms and the valley

became deserted except for small ma-

rauding bands who wandered about

seeking for some luckless traveler.

At the time of this story one of the

important outposts of the colonists

was Fort Stanwix the route to which

lay through Mohawk valley. The post

was a veritable thorn in the side of the

British and, although they did not

seem able to raise a force sufficient to





A Messenger From Ft. StanWiX

By EUGENE E. EWING





capture the place, their roving bands

did many things to make the life at

the garrison unpleasant. They kept

constant watch along the trail for mes-

sengers traveling between the post

and the outside world and anyone fall-

ing into their hands was almost cer-

tain to lose his life.



The life of the garrison was certain-

ly not to be envied. The tactics em-

ployed by the enemy rendered the se-

curing of supplies from the outer world

uncertain and the same cause made it

difficult to hunt game in the surround-





ing forests, which would have helped

out on the rations greatly. There was

a time when the soldiers found them-

selves in a desperate situation. The

supplies arranged for had failed to

come and an epidemic rendered so

many of the men unfit for duty that it

was not possible to send a large force

for the food and munitions. After con-

sidering the matter thoroughly the offi-

cers decided that their only hope lay

in dispatching a messenger, trusting

to Providence that he would be able

to make his way safely through the





many dangers. When volunteers were

asked practically every man who was

at all fit, physically, stepped forward.



One by one the volunteers were

eliminated for one cause or another un-

til there remained but one—Reuben

Hart—- a lithe, clean-limbed youth but

eighteen years of age. It was certain-

ly an important mission to entrust to

a mere lad but his superiors had al-

ready learned that his courage and en-

durance were to be relied upon and if

anyone could make his way through

the dangers that beset the forest trail

it was Reuben Hart.



At midnight following his selection

Reuben quietly slipped forth from the

stockade and disappeared into the

shadows of the nearby forest. When





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WORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES





 





 





 





 





People.





um)“





 





Charming Dress of Lace and

Georgette Crepe.





 





 





 





 





 





During the Recent Great Floods in San Diego Valley many Fine Bridges were

Completely Swept Away.





 





 





 





 





Great Britain is Concentrating Men and Supplies in Egypt to Blockade Ger-

many’s Next Drive.





Ihe Fifth Norfolk Regiment whose Members have been Lost Si Iht f i

Making a Charge in Gallipoli Forest. 9 o Snce





u,

,4.’ .a “.3 ~'





 





 





Colonel Roosevelt Leaves for the West

Indies.





 





Wear.





 





Winning Crew of Pretty Girls in Competition with a Dozen Crews of Men at





Bobsled Races in





Copyrizht by Underwood. & Underwood N. V.





W.“





the Rural Districts.
284—20





the sun arose that morning he had

safely covered many miles of his

route. But daylight increased rather

than diminished his dangers 'for at

any moment some Indian was likely to

come across his trail and Reuben well

knew that this would mean pursuit. He

felt confident that the enemy could not

be far away for he had come across

camp sites that had been recently. oc-

cupied. Indeed, he once fancied that

he could distinguish the forms of In—

dians moving along the top of a hill

across the valley.



But the first day passed without any

excitement and as night was drawing

near Reuben cast about for a suitable

place to spend the night. Mounting a

small elevation to view the surround-

ing territory he stepped from behind a

clump of bushes and found himself

facing a camp of half a dozen British

soldiers and ten or twelve Indians.

They appeared to be busily engaged in





preparing their evening meal and the ..





lad quickly stepped back among the

trees, hoping that they had not seen

him. He was not to be so fortunate,

however, for by their shouts he knew





that he had been spied‘ and his only.





hope for safety was in flight. Sparse

undergrowth made running easy but

the Indians were probably fresh and

Reuben fully realized that a great ef-

fort would be. necessary to outdistance

the pursuers.



For a time Reuben seemed to be

able to hold his own against all but

one of the savages, who was slowly

drawing away from his companions.

As the Indian continued to shorten the

distance between them the lad realiz-

ed that he must resort to strategy or

the race would soon end.



Luckily for Reuben the Indians had

started in such haste that they were

unarmed and the Britishers were so

far outdistanced that he had no fear

of their guns. The first of the pursu-

ers was now almost upon him which

made immediate action necessary.

Turning quickly and swinging his gun

Reuben gave the savage such a hard

blow that he fell to the ground, stun-

ned. While this put one of his pur-

suers out of the running the others

had been able to make gains and his

plight was even more. uncomfortable

than before.



Reuben realized that unless he was

able in some way to regain his breath

he must soon drop from exhaustion so,

facing about, he raised his rifle to his

shoulder as if to fire. The Indians

quickly sprang behind trees in quest, of

safety. While this gave him a slight

opportunity for resting it did the same

for his pursuers and when, after a few

moments the ram was resumed he

found himself not only unable to make

any gain but even to hold his lead 11p-

on the savages.



Night was now falling and it had

grown quite dark among the trees so

that both Reuben and the Indians were

compelled to slacken their pace. More

than once the lad stumbled and fell

but his agility made it possible for

him to regain his feet without loss of

time. By 'the noise that the savages

were making he knew that they were

meeting with difficulties, also. He

knew that the darkness offered his 0n-

ly opportunity for safety but to elude

his pursuers was not so easy as might

be imagined for the ground was cov—

ered with sticks and twigs which snap-

ped beneath his feet, making it possi-

ble for them to follow him by the

sound. ,



By the noise of their running Reuben

could tell that the Indians had now

changed their tactics for they had

formed into an extended line, probably

expecting to encircle him. Their plan

seemed likely to succeed when his feet

struck a plot of ground that was moist

and free from litter. Noting that his

footsteps were making no sound by

which they could follow him the lad

grasped a low-hanging limb and swung

himself up into a tree. After a few

seconds the Indians went trotting by

and as soon as they were a few rods

away he dropped to the ground and





TH E “M: 1c 11mm. (F‘A fish/LE R .





quietly made his way in the other die

rection.



The Indians soon found, however,

that they had been tricked and they

retraced their course, carefully search-

ing among the brush and fallen trees;

Running quite a distance Reuben then

climbed into another tree and remain-

ed there f'or several hours while the

Indians beat up and down through the

Woods several times, once even passing

beneath the tree Where he was hidden.

Judging by their talk he imagined that

they were angry with each other for

allowing him to elude them. They fin-

ally gave up the search and returned

to their camp.



After waiting for some time to sat-





5:;

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all“IllillllilllIt!!!IHHIIIilllllillltlllIHI|llllIHHllllItillIIIHIll!HIIIIHIIINIIIIIllltHllIIIIHHIIIHIIIllllllllllllllllHUI||l|llllilllllIIHllllillllIlllltlltllllIlllllllllIltlllllll|||llllllllllllIlIll|IlllI|IIIHIIIlllllllllllllllmlIII E:





Land 0" Ned Stories.





By HOWARD T. KNAPP

llllllllllllllllllIlllilllllllllHlllilllliliililllll'lliillillllllllllll||HilllliiillHillltilliIIllIHHIIIllI|iIlllllllIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIll||ll||lllllllllllllllllllllllll|Il|lll|I|IlllIlltllllllll|Illllllllllllliillllllll





isfy himself that the savages had de-

parted Reuben descended», and; by care-

fully picking his way, was soon out of

hearing. He pressed onward for sev-

eral; miles before he venturedto spread

his blanket to rest his exhausted body.



Early the following morning Reuben

Was up and on his way and, being

spared further trials, reached his des-

tination in good season, where he ac-

quainted the officials with the situa-

tion at Fort Stanwix. An abundance

of supplies, accompanied by a strong

force, were soon on the way to the re-

lief of the garrison. Thus the bravery

and endurance of youthful Reuben





I-Iart were instrumental in saving that,





important post to the Colonists.





The Wedding Trip Completed





LTHOUGH the plain surrounding

the ant hill was already black

with winged ants, young prin-



cesses and their mates starting out on

their wedding journey, ever increasing

numbers of excited insects continued

to pour from the city gates until it

seemed to Billy Be By Bo Bum that

the inside of the earth must be one

vast ant hill which 110w was pouring

out its entire population. Faster and

faster they came, arising from the

gates in dense swarms that swirled

and eddied about Billy’s head like a

living cloud, a cloud that buzzed and

hummed with the rustle of innumer-

able wings.



Then Billy saw that the same thing

was going on in the next field where

another big ant hill reared its crest

above the tangle of the grass forest.

Farther on there was another ant city,

and this, too, was pouring forts its

countless thousands of winged males

and young queens.



“Did the inhabitants of all these dif-

ferent cities arrange before hand to

start their wedding journeys today so

they could all go together?” asked

Billy Be By Bo Bum.



“No, sir, they did not,” replied Tink-

er Teedle Tee. “There is never any

communication between the different

cities, and the inhabitants of one col-

ony never have anything to do with

their neighbors, except when they go

to war with each other.”



“Then how does it happen that they

are all starting on their wedding jour-

ney at the same time?” demanded

Billy.



“How do you know when it is time

to spin tops or that kite flying time

has arrived?” retorted the elf. “Does

anyone tell you when marble season

opens?”



"Of course not,” replied Billy.



“Well, one boy will start spinning

his top and that reminds the others.

'So each fellow gets out his top and the

next day everyone is spinning tops."



“It is the same with the ants,” re.-

plied Tinker. “The inhabitants of one

city will start. on the marriage flight

and their neighbors, seeing what is

going on, catch the excitement and

make up their minds it is time for

them to do the same thing. The re-

sult is that when one flight starts, sev-

eral others generally join it and start

off in one big swarm.”



A stiff breeze was now blowing, and

as the ants arose from the various hills

they drifted with the wind until they

were united in one vast swarm that

darkened the sky like thunder clouds.



Flying before» the wind, the ants

drifted farther and farther from their

home cities, until at last Billy and

Tinker found themSelves alone on the

plain except for the worker ants, who

now seemed to have forgotten their

royal brothers and sisters and had

turned their attention to closing up

the openings made in the sides of the

hill to help along the exit.



“By night every one of these young

queens will have come to earth,





and after pulling off her wings with

her feet, started the work of building

a home city of her own,” said Tinker

Teedle Tee as the swarm disappeared

in a clump of trees. “But I can’t help

feeling sorry for their poor mates, for

by this time tomorrow or the day after

at the very latest, not a male will be

left alive. Their one mission in life is

to marry the young queens, and when

they have fulfilled their mission, Old

Mother Nature has no further use for

them. One by one they will drop out

of the swarm and fall to the ground

where they will fall easy victims to

the birds and insects that prey on

ants. Even if they escape this fate,

they will perish of cold and hunger,

for they do not know how to forage

for themselves but have always de-

pended on others to feed them.”





“That certainly does seem a shame,”

said Billy Be By Bo Bum. “So many

thousands of ants born only to die

after one short day of liberty.”





“Yes, it does seem too bad,” agreed

Tinker Teedle Tee. “But you must re-

member, Billy Boy, that after they

have married the princesses they are

of no further use in the world. If they

lived, the Worker ants would have to

support them, and what: with caring

for the thousands of baby ants and

providing food for the unmarried males

and females, it would be too great. a

task for even the industrious little

workers. Then it wouldn’t be any

time at all before the city became so

overcrowded that there wouldn’t be

room enough to turn around. So, on

the whole, Mother Nature. has taken

the wisest course, as she always does,

in dooming the males to death as soon

as they have fulfilled their life mis-

sion.”





“Oh, look, Tinker, what are those

ants doing?” cried Billy, pointing to a

group of workers who were dragging

a princess, who had already pulled off

her wings, back toward the city gate.





“They are taking her back to help

the Queen Mother,” replied the elf.

“You see, Billy Boy, the regular Queen

is getting old and is not able to lay

enough eggs to keep the city supplied

with workers. So her children, who

are always thinking of the future wel-

fare of their city, adopt one of their

married sisters and bring her back

home where she is installed as an aux—

iliary queen and helps her mother lay

eggs.”



“How does the old queen like that

arrangement?” asked Billy. “I should

think she would object to dividing the

honor with another, even one of her

own children.”





“Oh, they get along fine together,”

replied the elf. “In fact, the mother is

glad of the help, for then she doesn’t

have to work so hard. Now, with bees

it is different, for the Bee Queen is the

most jealous person alive. If the work-

ers dared bring a young queen into

the hive, the Royal Mother would fly

into- a rage and attack the intruder

and sting her to death.”





g

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m.- “Q m

firmer CluE) Work





HE boys and girls who succeed

in life are those who plan ahead.

Following are a few suggestions

for wide~awake club members: 4

1. First of all have your’ club organ-

ized and leader selected.

2. Send in your enrollment to the

Agricultural College, East Lansing.

3.- Begin studying the project you

are going to take up.

Corn Club Boys should:

1. Test their seed corn.

2. Decide on location of their plot.

3. Study corn culture.

4. Study fertilizers.

Potato Club Boys should:





1. Secure bulletin No. 2.



2. Be familiar with treatment for

scab.



3. Decide on variety they are to

grow.



4. Decide on localtion of their plot.



5. Study fertilizers.





Garden Club Boys and Girls should:

1. Decide what vegetables are to be

grown.

2. Study loca market.

3. Studysoils and fertilizers.

4. Make plans for saving wastes by

canning.

Pig Club Boys should:

1. Arrange for securing a pig.

2. Study types.

3. Study feeds.

4. Plan for housing pig.

Poultry Club Boys and Girls should:

1. Decide on variety they are to

raise.

2. Plan for setting hens or incubator.

3. Plan for housing chickens.

4. Study egg testing, hatching, brood-

ing and feeding.

Garment- -making Girls should:

1. Decide on garments to be made

this year.

2. Study cloth and materials.

3. Study report blanks.

4. Begin learning stitches.

Housekeeping Club Girls should:

1. Decide on problems to be worked

this year.

2. Study of foods and food values.

3. Begin keeping a note—.book.

Canning Club Girls should:

1. Study bulletins on cold-pack proc-

ess.

2. Make a list of products to be can-

ned during theseason.

3. Make plans for selling canned

goods.

4. Study jars and containers.

Your club meetings will bring out

other phases of the work to be stud-

ied.





'EPH'M JONES.





BY MAGGIE A. cno‘MLICH.





Dah goes lazy Eph’m Jones—

Good-fo’-nufiin’ bag 0’ bones!



Got his bait in dat ole can.



Got his fish pole in his han’.

Huh! Des look at Eph’m’s hat.

Ever see de beat 0’ dat?



Dat’s de on’y one he owns—

Lazy, loafin’ Eph’m Jones.

Why’nt he wuk lak folks lak me?





Why’nt he let dem fishes be?

Whut‘ he s’pose he comin’ to?

Ain’t he nufl’ln’ else to do?



Look at him, des slouchin’ ’long.

Hummin’ some ole sort 0’ song.

Lawd! I’se got ter dig' an’ scratch

In dis blame’ ole tater patch!





Huh! I reckon he’s a gwine

Some’re wid dat pole en line—

Way a-past de druck down mill

Whah de crick runs roun’ de hill‘;

Dat de willer tree is made—-

Den he’ll set down in de shade

Good-fo’-nuffin’ Eph’m Jones!





Lawd! Hit’s hot hyuh in de. sun!

Wisht dis tater patch ’uz done.

Reckon Ephim he’ll des lay



In de shade dah all- dis day.

’Th’owin’ in an’ pullin’ out



Bass en’ sunflsh—mebbe trout!

Den he’ll come a sloucin’ home

Grinnin’ lak a curry comb!





Oomph! Dis sun am not: My lan’,

Dis is mo’ dan I can stan’.



Dah go Eph’m thoo de wood—-

Um-m-m! I bet dat shade feel good,

Lawd! I guess nobody owns





Me mo’ dan dey do Eph’m Jones.

Tater patch, 1‘. sets you' free——

Eph’in!





Eph'm! Wait fo’ me. '
. 1... ...... c......mW...W-.m





who... - I . THEMLI'QHIGAN F'ARMER.   21—235





 





 





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THE MICHIGAN FARMER





FEB. 26,1918.





 





 





 

 





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“Sure, I know ’em; an’ you’re not

mentionin’ one more particular cow-

boy in my outfit,” said Stillwell, with

a dry chuckle and a glance at Stewart.



Madeline divined the covert mean-

ing, and a slight chill passed over her,

as if a cold wind had blown in from

the hills.



“Stewart, I see you carry a gun,"

she said, pointing to a black handle

protruding from a sheath swinging low

along his leather chaps.



“Yes, ma’am.”



“Why do you carry it?” she asked.



“Well,” he drawled, “it’s not a. pret-

ty gun—and it’s sure heavy.”



She caught the inference. The gun

was not an ornament. His keen,

steady, dark gaze caused her vague

alarm. She had to do with a question

involving human life; and the value

she plaCed upon human life, and its

spiritual significance, were matters as

far as the width of the world from this

cowboy’s thought.



A strange idea flashed up. Did she

place too much value upon all human

life? She checked that, wondering, al-

most horrified, at herself. And then

her intuition told her that she possess-

ed a. stronger power to move these

primitive men than any stern .rule or

order.



“Stewart, I do not fully understand





1 What you hint that Nels ‘and his com-





rades might do. Please be frank with





2 me. Do you mean Nels would shoot

" upon little provocation?”





“Miss Hammond, as far as Nels is

concerned, shooting is now just a mat‘

.ter of his meeting several 'of Don Car-

los’s vaqueros. It’s sure wonderful

what Nels has stood from them, con-

sidering the Mexicans he’s already

killed.”



“Already killed!

not in earnest?” cried

shocked.



“I reckon I am. Nels has seen hard

life along the Arizona border. He likes

peace as well as any man, but a few

quiet years don’t change what the

early days made of him. As for Nick

Steele and Monty, they‘re just bad ac‘

tors, and looking for trouble.”



“How about yourself, Stewart? Stills

well’s remark was not lost upon me,”

said Madeline, prompted by curiosity.



Stewart did not reply. He looked

at her in respectful silence. In her

keen earnestness Madeline saw be-

neath his cool exterior, and was all

the more baffled. Was there an in-

scrutable mocking light in his eyes, or

was it only her imagination? The

cowboy’s face was as hard as flint.



“Stewart, I have come to love my

ranch,” said Madeline slowly, “and I

care a great deal for my—my cowboys.

It mould be dreadful if they were to

kill anybody, especially if one of them

should be killed.”



“Miss Hammond, you’ve changed

things considerable out here, but you

can’t change these men. All that’s

needed tovstart them is a little trou-

ble; and his revolution is bound to

make rough times" along some of the

wilder passes across the border. We

are in line, that’s all, and the boys are





Stewart, you are

Madeline,





V getting stirred up.”





“Very well, then, I must accept the

inevitable. I can see that some of my

cowboys cannot be checked much long-

er; but, Stewart, whatever you have

been in the past, you have changed.”

She smiled at him, and her voice was

singularly sweet and rich. “Stillwell

has so often referred to you as the

last of his kind of cowboy. I have just

a. faint idea of what a wild life you

have led. Perhaps that fits you to be

a. leader of such rough men. I am no

judge of what a leader should do in

this crisis. My cowboys are incurring

risk in my employ; my property is not

safef perhaps my life even might be

endangered. I want to rely upon you,

since Stillwell believes, and I, too,

that you are the man for this place. I





 





By ZANE GREY





Light of Western Stars





 





 





shall give you no .orders, but—is it too

much to ask that you will be my kind

of a cowboy?”



“Miss Hammond, what kind of a.

cowboy is that?”



“I—I don’t exactly know. ”It is the

kind I feel you might be. But I do

know that in the problem at hand I

want your actions to be governed by

reason, not passion. Human life is not

for any man to sacrifice, unless in

self-defense or in protecting those de-

pendent upon him. What Stillfell and

you hinted makes me afraid of Nels

and Nick Steele and Monty. Cannot

they be controlled? I want to feel that

they will not go gunning for Don Car-

los’s men. I want to avoid all vio-

lence, and yet, when my guests come.

I want to feel that they will be safe

from danger and annoyance. May I

not rely upon you, Stewart? Can’t I

trust you to manage these obstreper-

ous cowboys and protect my property

and Alfred’s and take care of us——of

me—until this revolution is ended? I

have never had a day’s worry since I

bought the ranch. It is not that I

want to Shirk my responsibilities; it is

that I like being happy. May I put so

much faith in you?”



“I hope so—I reckon so, Miss Ham-

mond,” replied Stewart.



It was an instant response, but none

the less fraught withconsciousness of

responsibility. He waited a. moment,

and then, as neither Stillwell nor Mad-

eline offered further speech, he bowed

and turned down the path.



“Wal, wal!” exclaimed Stillwell.

Thet’s no little job you give him, Miss

Majesty.”



“It was a woman’s cunning, Still-

well,” said Alfred. “My sister used to

be a wonder at getting her own way

when we were kids. Just a smile or

two, a few sweet words——and she had

what she wanted.”



“Al, what a character to give me!”

protested Madeline. “Indeed, I was

deeply in earnest with Stewart. I do

not understand just why, but I trust

him. He seems like iron and steel.

Then I was a little frightened at the

prospect of trouble with the vaqueros.

Both you and Stillwell have taught me

to look upon Stewart as invaluable. I

thought it best to confess my utter

helplessness and to look to him for

support.”



“Majesty, whatever actuated you, it

was a stroke of diplomacy,” replied

her brother. “The fellow has good

stuff in him; but remember, he’s a

composite of tiger-breed and forked

lightning, and don’t imagine he has

failed you if he gets into a fight.”



“I’ll sure tell you what Gene Stew-

art will do,” said Florence. “Don’t I

know cowboys? Why, they used to

take me up on their horses when I was

a baby. Gene Stewart will be the kind

of cowboy your sister said he might

be, whatever that may be. She may

not know and we may not guess, but

he knows.”



“Wal, Flo, there you hit plumb cen-

ter,” replied the old calileman. “An’

I couldn’t be gladder if he was my

own son!”



Early the following morning Stew-

art, with a company of cowboys, de-

parted for Don Carlos‘s rancho. As

the day wore on without, any report

from him, Stillwell appeared to grow

more at ease; and at nightfall he told

Madeline that he guessed there was

now no reason for concern.



“Wal, though it's sure amazin’

strange,” he continued. “I’ve been

worryin’ some about, how we was goin’

to fire Don Carlos; but Gene has a.

way of doin’ things.”



Next day Stillwell and Alfred decid-

ed to ride over to Don Carlos’s place,

taking Madeline and Florence with

them, and to stop at Alfred’s ranch on

the return trip. They started in the

cool gray dawn; and after three hours’

riding, as the sun began to get bright,





 





11-5 M‘ "»





r» ‘,





-r~ ~1er
yr





 





 





' in '71:»: . mi,

FEB. 25,1916."

they entered a mesqui grove surround-

ing corrals and barns, a number of

low, squat Mimi-rigs, and a huge, ram-

b‘ling’ structure, all built of adobe and

mostly crumbling to ruin. Only one

green spot relieved. the bald red of

grounds and walls; and this, evident-

ly, was made'by the spring which had

given both value and fame to Don Car-

los’s ranch. .



The approach to the house was

through a wide courtyard, bare, stony,

hard-packed, with hitching-rails and

watering-troughs in front of a long

porch. Several dusty, tired- horses

stood with drooping heads and bridles

down.



“Wal, dog-gone it, Al! If there ain’t





now! There’ll be dark-skinned, beady-

eyed, soft-footed greasers slip right up

out of the ground. There’ll‘ be an ugly

face in every door and window and

crack.”



“It’s like a huge barn with its char—

acteristic odor permeated by tobacco-

smoke,” replied Madeline, sitting down

beside Florence. “I don’t think very

much of this end of my purchase. Flor-

ence, isn’t that Don Carl’os's black

horse over there in the corral?”



“It sure is. Then the don’s heah

yet. I wish we hadn’t been in such a





i ii M a 7?“ "M

T H E





gun; A vest or waistcoat, richly em-

broidered, partly concealed a blouse

of silk, and wholly revealed a silken

scarf round his neck.



His swarthy face showed dark lines,

like cords, under the surface. His lit-

tle eyes were exceedingly prominent

and glittering. To Madeline his face

seemed to be a bold, handsome mask,

through which his eyes piercingly be-

trayed the nature of the man.



He bowed low, with elaborate and

sinuous grace. His smile revealed-

brilliant teeth and enhanced the bril-

liance of his eyes. He slowly spread

deprecatory hands.



‘;Senoritas, I beg a thousand par-

dons,” he said. How strange it was





“I reckon I see a good many things

round hyar,” replied Hawe meaningly.



“Well, do you intend to open these

boxes upon my say—so?”



“No,” retorted Hawe. “It’s not my

place to meddle with property as come

by express an’ all accounted fer reg-

ular.”



“You call yourself a sheriff!” ex-

claimed Stewart scornfully.



“I’ll open them. Here, one of you

boys, knock the, tops of these boxes,”

ordered Stewart. “No, not you, Monty.

You use your eyes. Let Booly handle





“.7. -MWfi»~unmv.Wx«- '





 

 





.. or 4:47

IVCHIJGAN FARMER





 





 





 





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rm}? 4 r





a. .‘





 





on..Your Farm





OR many years, we in America have

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It will provide more shooting for you and for

everyone, for it is a fact that game raised for

sporting purposes can not be confined in any re-

stricted area. At the same time, those who own

large acreage, or who pool their land with others,

get profit from those who pay for sport.



Game farming can be done on a small scale,

and as a side issue to regular farm work, or it is

a profitable occupation in itself.



Women on the farm who are raising domestic

poultry, will find it worth while to breed game

birds as well.



When conducted on a large scale, a game





It farm produces sufficient income to be a paying

». hurry to come over. .There! That the axe. Rustle now!” business in itself.



. doesn’t sound encouraging. - Monty Price had jumped out. of the But this ‘subject is too big to be properly

3 From the corridor came the rattling crowd into the middle of the porch. treated iii this space. Every progressive farmer





urn Mr"





of spurs, the trampin'g of boots, and

loud voices. Madeline detected A1.

fred’s tone of annoyance.



“We’ll rustle back home, then,” he

said.



“NO!”



Madeline recognized Stewart’s voice,

and she quickly straightened up.



“I won’t have them in here,” went

on Alfred.



“Outdoors or in, they’ve got to be

with us!” replied Stewart sharply.





ears, I beg you to overlook rough talk.”

With that he turned to the men be-

hind him. “Nick, take Booly, go back

to Monty and the boys. Fetch out that

stuff—all of it! Rustle now!”

Stillwell and Alfred disengaged

themselves from the crowd, to take up

positions in front of Madeline and

Florence. Pat Hawe leaned against a

post and insolently ogled Madeline,

and then Florence. Don Carlos pressed

forward. Madeline seemed to see him

from his great high-top boots upward.

It was a slow, fascinated glance she

let rise over him.

, He ,wore tight velveteen breeches,

with a heavy fold down the outside

seam which was ornamented with sil-

ver buttons. Round his waist he had

a sash anda belt with fringed holster

firom which protruded a pearl-handled





The manner in which he gave way to

Booly and faced the vaqueros was not

significant of friendliness or trust.



“Stewart, you‘re dead wrong to bust

open them boxes. Thet’s ag’in’ the

law,” protested Hawe, trying to in—

terfere.



Stewart. pushed him back. Then





Don Carlos, who had been stunned by;





the appearance of the boxes, suddenly

became active in speech and person.

Stewart thrust him back, also. The





Now here—I’m supposed to be consult-

ing an officer of the law. Will you

take charge of these contraband

goods?”



“Say, you’re holdin’ on high an’

mighty,” replied Hawe, in astonish-

ment that was plainly pretended.

“What’re you drivin’ at, hey?”



Stewart muttered an imprecation.

He took several swift strides across

the porch and held out his hands to

Stillwell as if to indicate the hopeless-

ness of intelligent and reasonable ar-

bitration. He looked at Madeline with





a glance eloquent of his regret that-he-





c'ould not handle the situation to

please her. Then, as he wheeled, he

came face to face with Nels, who had

slipped forward out of the crowd.

Madeline gathered serious import

from the steel-blue flash of eyes where-





/





 





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w Pat Hawe’s hOSS. 1'11 eat it,” exclaim— for Madeline to hear English spoken creasing demand of American markets

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. “What’s Pat want here, anyhow?” “The gracious hospitality of Don Car— T p f . yg a m rig.



growled Alfred. . los has passed with his house.” . 0 you, game arming ShOUId prove

No one was in sight, hilt Madeline Stewart stepped forward. I Thrust- Of interest for three reasons: .

heard loud voices coming from the ing Don Carlos aside, he called: _It IS profitable from a marketing stand-



. house. Stillwell dismounted at the “Make way, there!» 130th The demand for eggs and for



'Ir porch and stalked in at the door. Al- The crowd fell back to the tramp of breeding stock is much greater than the"



' fred leaped off his horse and helped heavy boots. Cowboys appeared, stag- supply, and will be for years to come.

Florence and Madeline down. Then, gering. out of the corridor with long Pheasant eggs, for instance, sell today at

bidding them rest and wait on the boxes. These they placed side by side from $20 to $25 a hundred. Live birds



" porch, he fOHOWGd Stillwell. upon the floor of the porch. bring from $5 to $7 a pair.



“ “I hate these Mexican places,” said “Now, Hawe, we’ll proceed with our It will, at small expense in time and trouble,

Florence, with a, grimace. “ley’re so business,” said Stewart. “You see supply you with an abundance of food for your

mysterious and creepy. Just watch, these boxes don’t You?" own consumption. Pheasants, wild turkeys,



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i “Listen, A1”, came the boom Of Still- Mexican’s excitement increased. He ‘ .

3 “'Pll’S big voice; .“llOW that “rp’ve but. VVlldl)’ gesticulated; llP exclaimed :0:;:?::;:dil;le2fi::;c3:m[: adcoplyt off Game Panning for Profit and Pleasure. I am lnterested

g led in over hyar With the girls, you shrilly in Spanish. “'1an, hOWGVPI'fl‘ ' g h n p0\l"cr)y_ti'iily-y—iiiii:s: ---------------------------------------

; let Stewart run things.” the lids were wrenched open and an‘ M” --------------------------------------------------------------

l Then a crowd of men tramped pell- inside packing was torn away, he grew v; Address _____________________________________________________________________________

mell out upon the porch. Stewart. rigid and silent. A i ______________________________________________________________________________________

’ dark-broWed and somber, was in the Madeline raised herself behind sun-lé :3,

‘ lead. N818 hung close to him, and well to see that the boxes were full ofll

,9 Madeline’s quick glance saw that Nels rifles and ammunition. . '

. had undergone some indescribable “There, Hawe! What did I tell you?” c D it

'. change. The grinning, brilliant-eyed demanded Stewart. “I came over here ome to etro

' Don Carlos came jostling 01“ beside to- take charge of this ranch. I found ‘ Th. Automobile Center

a gaunt, sharp-featured man wearing these boxes hidden in an unused room. Bigopportunities

' a silver shield. This no dOUbt was I suspected what they were—4:0ntra~ . everywherle for thiait

i Pat Hawe. In the background, behind band goods!” ,__ p , . _ esting,triii1:aesiii3im§iih°liii§xi2§mmn§mg

' Stillwell and Alfred, stood NiCk Steele, ““731, supposin’ they are? I don’t ‘ to, ‘ - If," _ _ businesg. Ambitious men nelsded toLstart

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came,” said Stewart bluntly, “we’re in an’ want to make a big show before—” i EARN $75 T0 $300 A MONTH

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THE MICHIGA

by Nels communicated something to

Stewart. ’ Whatever that something

was it dispelled Stewart’s impatience.

A slight movement of his hand brought

Monty Price forward with’a jump. In

these sudden jumps of Monty’s there

was a suggestion of restrained fero-

city. Then Nels and Monty lined up

behind Stewart. It was a deliberate

action and unmistakably formidable,

even to Madeline.



Pat Hawe’s face took on an ugly

look; his eyes had a reddish gleam.

Don Carlos added a pale face and ex-

treme nervousness to his former ex-

pressions of agitation. The cowboys

edged away from the vaqueros and the

bronzed, bearded horsemen who were

evidently Hawe’s assistants. I



“I’m driving at this,” spoke up Stew-

art presently, and now he was slow

and caustic. ”Here’s contraband of

war! Hawe, do you get that? Arms

and ammunition for the rebels across

the border! I charge you as an officer

to confiscate these goods and to arrest

the smuggler, Don Carlos!”



These words of Stewart’s precipi-

tated a riot among Don Carlo’s follow-

ers, and they surged wildly around the

sheriff. There were an unflinging of

brown, clenching hands and a shrill,

jabbering babel of Mexican voices. The

crowd around Don Carlos grew louder

and denser with the addition of armed

vaqueros, barefooted stable-boys, dus-

ty-booted herdsmen, and blanketed

Mexicans, the last of whom slipped

from doors and windows and round

corners.



Shrill cries, evidently from Don Car-

los somewhat quieted the commotion.

Then Don Carlos could be heard ad-

dressing Sheriff Hawe in an exhorta-

tion of mingled English and Spanish.

He denied, he avowed, he proclaimed,

and all in rapid, passionate utterance.

He tossed his black hair in vehemence;

he waved his fists and stamped the

floor; he rolled his glittering eyes; he

twisted his thin lips into a hundred

different shapes and, like a. cornered

wolf, showed snarling white teeth.



It seemed to Madeline that, Don Car-

los denied knowledge of the boxes of

contraband goods; then knowledge of

their real contents; then knowledge of

their destination; and, finally, every-

thing except that they were there in

right, damning witnesses to some-

.‘body’s complicity in the breaking of

neutrality laws. Passionate as had

been his denial of all this, it was as

nothing compared to his denunciation

of Stewart.



“Senor Stewart, he keel my vaq-

uero!” shouted Don Carlos, as, sweat-

ing and spent, he concluded his ar-

raignment of the cowboy. “Him you

must arrest! Senor Stewart a bad

man! He keel my vaquero!”



“Do you hear thet?” yelled Hawe.

“The don’s got you figgered fer thet

little job at El Cajon last fall.”



The clamor burst, into a roar. Hawe

began shaking his finger in Stewart’s

face and hoarsely shouting. ’



Then a lithe young vaquero, swift

as an Indian, glided under Hawe’s up-

lifted arm. Whatever the action he

intended, he was too late for its execu-

tion. Stewart lunged out, struck him,

and knocked him off the porch. As he

fell, a dagger glittered in the sunlight

and rolled clinking over the stones.



The man went down hard and did

not; move. With the same abrupt vio-

lence Stewart throw Hawe off the

porch, then Don CarIOs, who, being less

supple, fell heavily. Then the mob

backed before Stewart’s rush until all

were down in the courtyard.



The shuffling of feet ceased, the

clanking of spurs, and the shouting.

CNels and Monty, now reenforced by

Nick Steele, were as shadows of Stew-

art, so closely did they follow him.

Stewart waved them back and stepped

down into the yard. He was absolute-

ly fearless, but what struck Madeline

so keenly was his magnificent disdain.





 





 





 





bytestforallworkinanyweather. : Manifestly he knew the nature of the

MONEY BACKlfshoes do not i . .

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the look of him it was natural. for Mad-

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. .2;

. 4 _ - a

n v





N} FA "R' M E R,





fore him—which .they did, even Hawe

and his attendants sullenly retreating.



Don Carlos got up to confront Stew-

art. The prostrate vaquero stirred and

moaned, but did not rise.



,“You needn’t gibber Spanish to me,”

said Stewart. “‘You can talk Ameri-

can and you can understand American.

If you start a rough-house here, you

and your greasers will be cleaned up.

You’ve got to leave this ranch. You

can have the stock, the packs, and

traps in the second corral. There’s

grub, too. Saddle up and hit the trail!

If you don’t, I’ll have the United States

cavalry here in six hours, and you can

gamble they’ll get what my cowboys

leave of you!”



Don Carlos was either a capital ac-

tor or else he was thoroughly cowed

by reference to the troops.



“Si, senor! Gracias, senor!” he ex-

claimed, and then, turning away, he

called to his men. ‘



They hurried after him, while the

fallen vaquero got to his feet with

Stewart’s help and staggered across

the courtyard. In a moment they were

gone, leaving Hawe and his several

comrades behind.



Hawe was spitefully ejecting a wad

of tobacco from his mouth and swear-

ing in an undertone about “white—liv-

ered greasers.” He cocked his red eye

speculatively at Stewart.



“\Val, I reckon as you’re so bent on

doin’ it up brown that you’ll try to fire

me off’n the range, too.”



“If I ever do, Pat, you’ll need to be

carried off,” replied Stewart. “Just

now I’m politely inviting you and your

deputy sheriffs to leave.”



“\Ve’ll go, but we’re comin’ back one

of these days, an’ when we do, we’ll

put you in irons!”



“Hawe, if you’ve got it in that bad

for me, come over here in the corral

and let’s fight it, out.”



“I’m an officer, 211’ I don’t, fight out-

laws an’ sich, except when I hev to

make arrests.” '



“Officer! You’re a disgrace to the

county. If you ever did get irons on

me, you’d take me some place out of

sight, shoot me, and then swear you

killed me in self-defense. It wouldn’t

be the first time you pulled that trick,

Pat Hawe!”



“Ho! ho!” laughed Hawe derisively.



Then he started toward the horses.

Stewart’s long arm shot out and his

hand clapped on Hawe’s shOulder, spin-

ning him round like a top.



“You’re leaving, Pat, but before you

leave you’ll come out with your play,

or you’ll crawl,” said Stewart. “You’ve

got it in for me, man to man. Speak

up now, an’ prove you’re not the cow-

ardly skunk I’ve always thought you!

I’ve called your hand.”



Pat Hawe’s face turned a blackish-

purple hue.



“You can jest bet I’ve got it in fer

you,” he shouted hoarsely. “You’re

only a low-down, drunken cow-punch-

er! You never had a dollar or a de—

cent job till you was mixed up with

thet Hammond woman”



Stewart’s hand flashed out and hit

Hawe’s face in a ringing slap. The

sheriff’s head jerked back, his som-

brero fell to the ground. As he bent

over to reach it, his hand shook, his

arm shook, his whole body shook.

Monty Price jumped straight forward

and crouched down with a strange,

wild utterance. Stewart seemed all at

once rigid, bending a little.



“Say ‘Miss Hammond,’ if there’s oc-

casion to use her name,” said Stewart,

in a voice that seemed cooly pleasant,

yet had a deadly under note.



Hawe did a moment’s battle with

strangling fury, which he conquered in

some measure.



“I said you was a low-down, drunk-

en cow-puncher, a’tough, an’ as near

a desperado as we ever hed on the

border,” went on Hawe deliberately.

His speech appeared to be addressed

to Stewart, although his flame-pointed

eyes wire riveted upon Monty Price.

“1 know you plugged thet vaquero last

fall an’, when I git my proof, I’m com-

in’ after you!” \





.,





 





 

 

 





 





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_“That’s 'all right, Hawe. You can

call me what you like, and you can

come after me when you like,” replied

Stewart; “but you’re going to be in

bad with me. You’re in bad now with

Menty and Nels. Pretty soon \you’ll

queer yourself with all the cowboys

and the ranchers, too. If that don’t

put sense into you, here, listen to this.

You knew what these boxes contained.

You know Don Carlos has been smug-

gling arms and ammunition across the

border. You know he is hand and

glove with the rebels. You’ve been

wearing blinders, and it has been to

your interest. Take a hunch from me.

That’s all. Light out now, and the less

we see of your handsome mug, the bet-

ter we’ll like you!”



Muttering, cursing, pallid of face,

Hawe climbed astride his horse. His

comrades followed suit.» Certain it ap-

peared that the sheriff was contending

with more than fear and wrath. He

must have had an irresistible impulse



_ to fling invective and threat upon

Stewart, but he was speechless. Sav-

agely he spurred his horse, and, as it

snorted and leaped, he turned in his

saddle, shaking his fist.



His comrades led the way with their

horses clattering into a canter. They

disappeared through the gate.



Later in the day, when Madeline and

Florence, accompanied by Alfred and

Stillwell, left Don Carlos’s ranch, it

was none too soon for Madeline. The

inside of the Mexican’s home was more

unprepossessing and uncomfortable

than the outside. The halls were dark,

the rooms huge, empty, and musty.

There was an air of silence and sec-

recy and mystery about them most fit-

ting to the character that Florence

had bestowed upon the place.



Alfred’s ranch house, on the other

hand, where the party halted to spend

the night, was picturesquely located,

small, cozy, camplike in its arrange-

ment, and altogether agreeable to Mad-

eline.



The day’s long rides and exciting

events had wearied her. She rested

while Florence and the men got sup-

per.



During the meal Stillwell expressed

satisfaction over the good riddance of

the vaqueros and, with his usual opti-

mism, trusted he had seen the last of

them. Alfred, too, took a decidedly

favorable view of the day’s proceed-

ings; but Florence appeared unusually

quiet and thoughtful. Madeline won-

dered a little at the cause. She re-

membered that Stewart had wished to

come with them, or to detail a few cow-

boys to accompany them, but Alfred

had laughed at the idea and would

have none of it.



After supper Alfred monopolized the

conversation by describing what he

wanted to do to improve his home be-

fore he and Florence were married.

Then, at an early hour, they all re-

tired.



Madeline’s slumbers were disturbed

by'a pounding upon the wall, and Flor-

ence’s crying out, in answer to a call

of—



“Get up! Throw some clothes on

and come out!”



It was Alfred’s voice.



“\Vhat’s the matter?” asked Flor-

ence as she slipped out of bed.



“Alfred, is there anything wrong?”

added Madeline, sitting up.



The room was dark as pitch, but a

faint glow seemed to mark the posi-

tion of the window.



“011, nothing much,” replied Alfred.

“Only Don Carlos’s ranch is going up

in smoke!”



“Fire?” cried Florence sharply.



“You’ll think so when you see it.

Hurry out! Majesty, old girl, now you

won’t have to tear down that heap of

adobe, as you threatened. I don’t be:

lieve a wall will stand after that fire.”



“Well, I’m glad of it,” said Made-

line. “A good healthy fire will purify

the atmosphere over there and save

me expense. Ugh, that haunted rancho

got on my nerves. Florence, I do be-

lieve you’ve appropriated part of my





 





r. .. ’:‘





riding habit. Doesn’t Alfred have any

lights in this house ?”





Florence laughingly helped Madeline ”





to dress. Then, hurrying through the

dining-room, and stumbling over the

chairs, they went out upon the porch.

Away to the westward, low down along

the horizon, they saw leaping red

flames and wind-swept columns of

smoke.



Stillwell appeared greatly perturbed.



“Al, I’m lookin’ fer thet ammunition

to blow up,” he said. “There was

enough of it to blow the roof off the

rancho.”



“Bill, surely the cowboys would get

that stuff out the first thing,” replied

Alfred anxiously. ~



“I reckon so; but all the same I’m

worryn’. Mebbe there wasn’t time.

Supposin’ that powder went off as the

boys was goin’ fer it, or carryin’ it out!

We’ll know soon. If the explosion

doesn’t come quick now, we can figger

the boys got the boxes out.”



For the next few moments there was

the silence of sustained and painful

suspense. Florence gripped-Madeline’s

arm. Madeline felt a fullness in her

throat and a rapid beating of her heart.

Presently she was relieved with the

others when Stillwell declared the dan—

ger of an explosion need be feared no

longer.



“Sure you can gamble on Gene Stew-

art,” he added.



(Continued next week).





A FEBRUARY RAMBLE.





 





nv F. J. 3'.



February wild? She‘s not always so.



Here‘s a winter day full of charm I

know.



Leave the fireside, Jacko falls in train,



Through the gate we go out into the

ane.





Loiter at the gate, rub old Brindle’s

nose;



While she licks my hand other cows

crowd close,



Down the lane. we go, climb the or-

Chard hill,



Through the sparkling snow and the

winter chill.





Linger at the pond all ice covered o’er;



Where the sparrows hop round the

frozen shore.



Jacko finds the track of a timid hare:



Hard tp call him off—so I leave him

t iere.





Onwarld still and up to the pasture

0t—

Crystal white expanse, pure without a





0 9

Skirt the woodlot’s edge where the

trees stand bare,

Holding up grey arms to the wintry

air.





Stop to rest a bit on a fallen log;

Warm from exercise, breath a misty





fog.



Watch a snowbird seek for his morn-

ing meal-—



Perky littlle chap—nothing daunts his

zea .





Jacko soon returns, hopping on three

legs,

Sitting in the snow, folding arms, he





egs.



Thinly clad is Jack, but his heart is

true——



Plainly says, “I leave not until you





Answering his appeal onward then we

fare,



Have a_ jolly race through the frosty

air.



Jacko soon

lack;



Then we face about for the journey

back.' *





revives, does not spirit





Down the westering slope wander at

our ease;



Icicles hanging sharp from the apple

trees.



Crunching snow beneath, arching blue

above,



Peace of God o’er all, telling of His

love.





Now the house we spy, barn and gar-

den land,



Cupped in hollow like ’twere in God’s



own hand.



old farm perhaps—not worth



much they say;



Yet it shares this bright February day.





Poor





 





Education will not make people hap-

py unless it is directed into useful

channels.———Lord. '



Talents are absolutely nothing to a

man except he have the faculty of

work along with them.———Lowell.





. . ...,.. .. .... .m.....x.r.-.~m;e:.-um~au M’I‘B-‘t W- 4





‘ THE MICHIGAN FARMFR





 

 





 





Installer





Operator





The whole telephone—using pub-

lic is interested in the army of

telephone employees—what kind

of people are they, how are they

selected and trained, how are they

housed and equipped, and are they

well paid and loyal. '





Ten billion messages a year are

handled by the organization of the

Bell System, and the task is en-

trusted to an army of l60,000





loyal men and women.





No one of these messages can

be put through by" an individual

employee. ln every case there

must be the complete telephone

machine or system in working or-

der With every manager, engineer,





 

 





The Picked Army





 





 





 





of the Telephone





must be specially fitted for his

position.





‘Workrooms are healthful and

attractive, every possible mechan-

ical device being provided to pro-

mote efficiency, speed and comfort.





Good wages, an opportunity for

advancement and prompt recogni—

tion of merit are the rule through-

out the Bell System.





An ample reserve fund is set

aside for pensions, accident and

sick benefits and insurance for em-

ployees, both men and women.

“Few if any industries," reports

the Department of Commerce and

Labor, “present so much or such





widely distributed, intelligent care

for the health and welfare of their

women workers as is found among

the telephone companies.u ‘





clerk, operator, lineman and in-

staller co-operating with one an-

other and with the public.





The Bell System has attracted

the brightest, most capable people

for each branch of work. The





training is thorough and the worker





These are some of the reasons

why Bell telephone service is the





best in the world. |





AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANV

AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One System Universal Service





HARNESS





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a,





 

 

 

 

   





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THE M 1c H IG A N“ F A R ME R





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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“6111513 221113 Her fibeds f





 





 





 





 





At Home and Elscw ere





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





g figé n





 





 





The Domestic Crucible—22





Grace Decides to Be Firm





T’S bedtime, John Ludlow,” Grace

I announced into the dark of the



screened-in porch, where John had

been lounging in the hammock since

their silent supper. “You’ll never get

up in the morning if you don’t get to

sleep right away.”



“I think I’ll sleep out here,” John re-

plied politely. “I want plenty of air,

and it’s stifling in that bedroom.”



Grace opened her lips to remon-

strate, then shut them tightly and

walked away.



Stifling in that bedroom, and it was

16x18, and the coolest room in the

house, cooler even than that porch

where vines shut out what breeze

might enter! Of course, it was her

drapes he was taking a fling at. He

wouldn’t sleep in their ‘own room be-

cause she had just exercised her law-

ful right to be mistress of the home

and had put up overdrapes at the win-

dows when he said he didn’t want

them. Very well, he could sleep 011

the porch all summer, and when it got

too cold to sleep out he could go to

the barn and sleep on the hay, for all

of her. Those drapes should stay up,

and John Ludlow should see two could

be contrary. Though, of course, she

wasn’t contrary, she simply had to

show him she had rights he must re-

spect. Let him sleep on the porch,

she didn’t care. Not a bit! But a tear

trickled down her nose nevertheless

and splashed onto the filmy dresser

scarf as she meditated.



Just last week she had solemnly

vowed they should have no more quar-

rels! A distinctly audible sniffle warn-

ed Grace that if she was to insist on

her rights she must stop that train of

thought. She blew out the lamp and

dropped into bed, telling herself that

it was all John’s fault and he should

be the first to give in. She was to run

the house and he the farm, that was

their agreement and he could live up

to it. But in spite of her positive

knowledge that she had the right of it,

sleep was a long time coming and

there was a large damp spot on her

pillow before she finally forgot her

troubles in slumber.



Breakfast was a silent meal. Grace

got up a half-hour earlier to make the

particular sort of corn muffins that

John most enjoyed, but he reached by

the heaped-up plate at his elbow and

took the threeodaysfiold bread. The

coffee was unusually good, the eggs

just soft enough, the potatoes fried to

the delicate shade of golden brown

that John always wanted. But some-

how the meal went begging so far as

John and Grace were concerned. The

hired man consumed muffins and cof-

fee with that air of conscious uncon-

cern always adopted by the help when

they feel the domestic barometer wob-

bling, and after what seemed to Grace

an eternity, he and John departed for

the fields, John flinging back a mum-

bled “Good-by” as he slammed the

Screen behind him.



Grace gazed .at her peace offering of

corn muffins as John stalked down the

gravel path. Two big tears rolled

slowly down her, cheeks and splashed

into her cold coffee. But only two!

Indeed, she was not going to sit around

and cry because her husband chose to

be a brute. She jumped up quickly,

swept the plate of muffins into a basin





for Carlo, and in her determination to

show her independence, poured a pint

of cream into Snowball’s saucer,

though cream was scarce and the but-

ter money had to pay for the screen

she insisted on having for the porches.





She hurried through the dishwash-

ing, slighting the cream separator in

a way that would have scandalized her

mother, decided on bread pudding for

dinner, which John loathed, instead of

strawberry Shortcake and whipped

cream, which he would be expecting,

and then went to the dining-room to

put up her drapes in’there.





So far she had only hung them in

the living-room and her own room, in-

tending to compromise in that way.

But if John chose to get mad and sleep

outdoors because she wanted things a

little hit her own way, she would just

give him something to get mad over.

The drapes would go up all over the

house.



The morning in the field seemed to

have wrought internal changes in





John. When he came up at noon, he

positively smiled as he entered the

kitchen. Grace's heart smote her at

this peace signal. If only she had left

down those old drapes and made the

Shortcake! But it was too late.





Peace overtures faded from John’s

face as he entered the dining-room,

darkened by the soft green drapes. He

ate the meal silently, apparently not

knowing what he was eating. But

when bread pudding followed the

mashed potatoes, salmon loaf, canned

corn and pickles, all things he detest—

ed, Grace saw all hopes of an early ar-

bitration meeting vanish. He was pos-

itive she planned that meal out of

pure malice. Why hadn’t she picked

those early peas John told her about

the morning before? Why hadn’t she

cooked the steak the hired man had

brought from town last night? Why,

oh, why, had she fed Snowball the

cream and left the strawberries stand-

ing down cellar?



But there was no use wishing. She

would just have to stick it out. If she

gave in now, she would be tyrannized

over all her married life. A dozen

wives had told her so, and experienced

wives ought to know! DEBORAH.





The Backward” Child





By CHAS. w. KOLLOCK.





HE Backward Child may not, at



first thought, seem to be a ser‘



ious problem among the many

that confront us today. What is really

meant by the Backward Child? It

means a child who has begun to at-

tend school, who fails to learn as oth-

er children do and at the end of the

term is tu1ned back to repeat the

course. They are usually regarded as

mentally deficient and undoubtedly are

physically affected or diseased. This

does not seem to impress us as a very

serious affair, but let us look more

closely into the matter and learn the

results. There are in this country

twenty millions of school children, ten

millions of whom have ear, nose and

throat troubles, and five millions suf-

fer from affections of the eyes. There

are three hundred thousand blind per-

sons in the United States whom it

costs the country fifteen million dol-

lars a year to support. At least 20 per

cent of these have lost their eyes from

ophthalmia neonatorum which should,

had the proper preventive treatment

been used or had they been promptly

and properly treated after infection,

have resulted in a negligible per cent

of blindness. There are among the

twenty million school children about

three million who are called “repeat-

ers,” that is, those who remain in one

room at school term after term. These

“repeaters” cost the country about one

million dollars a year extra to try to

educate them, and then failure is the

more common result. These children

are too often .supposed to be mentally

deficient when, on the contrary, they

are physically defective or diseased. In

reality only about three per cent are

mentally defective, and the money

spent in trying to teach them is often

wasted as the true cause of the trou-

ble is not detected. It would certainly

take but a small portion of the one mil-

lion dollars that are spent in trying to

educate them to’ use in finding the

real causes of their backwardness,

when the truly defective could be plac-





ed in the schools for defectives only,

and where, in many instances, they

are educated and trained to be not

only self-supporting but useful citizens.



The medical inspection of schools

should begin in selecting the locations

for the schools. The buildings should

be on high ground where the drainage

is good and the surroundings are heal-

thy. They should be away from exces~

sive noises, have plenty of air and sun-

light and ample playgrounds. School-

houses should be planned by archi-

tects who make a specialty of such

work and such matters as light, venti-

lation, heating, plumbing, desks, black-

boards, wall, books, bathing facilities,

and especially the drinking water

should receive most careful attention.

The teachers, as well as the children,

should be examined to learn if their

health is good, if they hate chronic

affections which may be contagious or

infectious and whether, as far as can

be ascertained, they are mentally and

morally fit to teach. School nurses to

aid in inspection may be of great as-

sistance and it would indeed be a real

advance to have a competent trained

nurse in attendance at exery school,

not only to look after the many physi-

cal ailments of the pupils but to teach

them many simple things about injur-

ies, caring for the injured, etc. ——Jour-

nal of the South Carolina Medical As-

sociation.





 





IN THE CELLAR.





 





BY ELLA E. ROCKWOOD.



The farm house cellar is a store-

house of food reserves in winter. Mod-

ern living has somewhat changed in

rural communities as elsewhere and

there is less of the wholesale slaugh-

ter of meat animals to be stored away

in one shape or another for use during

cold weather, yet supplies must be

cared for and the cellar contains a

wholesome assortment of fruits and

vegetables and meats. Tightly closed

as it is, to prevent ”the entrance of





frost, decay goes on among the pro-

ducts of garden and orchard. It is

needful to keep these sorted over to

eliminate the waste and insure safe

preservation of the remainder. Many

a man can remember how, as a boy,

he dreaded the task of sorting apples

in the cellar, but it has to be done, if

the job is rather disagreeable.





The partly decayed f1 uit is not who]-

ly worthless. An apple with a. decay-

ed spot can be trimmed and used to

good advantage, especially in a year

like the present when apples are

scarce. Provident housewives should

cook and can every bit of such fruit

for spring and summer use. Sweet

apples make excellent sweet pickles

and are very acceptable on the table.

Nobody hears anything about dried ap-

ples these days, but as fast as the cans

are emptied they can be filled with

good rich sauce, thus keeping up the

store instead of allowing it to become

depleted.



Modern heating methods mean heat-

ed basements and these are not con‘

ducive to keeping vegetables and

fruits. A sepal ate compartment needs

to be provided for them in such cases.

Potatoes will shrivel badly in a warm

room.





The ideal cellar is cemented as to

floor, and whitewashed upon the walls.

It is also provided with windows to

brighten the interior. It is possible

to make of it a sanitary cheerful room

instead of the dark, unsightly place

sometimes found under living-rooms.

Stairs leading to the upper rooms are

easily kept clean if covered with lin-

oleum. Paint answers equally well,

and either is far supe1ior to bare

boards, which must be cleaned by

scrubbing.





 





WOMEN FARMERS IN GRAND

TRAVERSE.





 





BY GRACE T. STUTSMAN.

All the world reads with interest the

letters which the “Woman Homestead-

er” has written from the Colorado

ranch, “The Woman Rice Planter,”

publishing the journal of her experi-

ences in Carolina, but of the women

fruit growers of our own state little

has been said or sung.





It is doubtful if in any territory of

similar area can be‘ found so many

women owning and directing farms as

on the Grand Traverse peninsula,

Michigan. This does not include the

farmers’ wives to whose thrift and

good judgment many men owe the suc-

cess of their farming. Neither does it

refer to another large class of women

who have turned over to their hus-

bands the management of their inher-

ited or acquired lands. There are

many wives whose money has bought

land and equipment for the husband to

operate. No one knows how many

women also furnish the brains for the

management of the farm, but since the

man is the ostensible manager, these

women are excluded from our consid~

eration of women farmers. We refer

now to single women, widows, or

wives whose husbands are occupied

with other pursuits. A census of Pe-

ninsula township would show a large

number of farms owned and controlled

by women. Some are thus engaged by

necessity because the husband or fath-

er has died leaving the farm to be sold

unless the wife or daughter chooses to

put her shoulder to the wheel and as-

sume command. In many instances





‘
they have preferred to retain control

of the home,,,place and are finding a

fascination in the alternating, triumphs

and disasters of this most complex

phase of agriculture. They are find-

ing, too, a satisfactory life and a com-

fortable living. The editor of Collier’s

Weekly said recently: “True success

lies not in attainment, but in the sin-

cere and unremitting struggle to at-

tain.” In the light of this definition

these women are succeeding admir-

ably as are those others, newcomers

in the region, who have purchased

land, set out new orchards or renovat-

ed old ones and are making every ef-

fort to build up their farms and to

produce the sort of fruit which will

increase the good reputation of the

region.



They come from varied walks in life

and have turned to farming for a vari-

ety of reasons. There are school-teach-

ers, artists, musicians, stenographers,

unoccupied women of independent

means, the childless and hence idle

wives of traveling salesmen, as well as

the never idle mothers of a small brood

whose father is busy in one of the

leading professions. Some have come

because their friends did. Others have

been influenced by the abundant liter-

ature of the day dealinngith the

charms of country life. Still others

have come to some of the resorts

which abound for a summer’s holiday,

and finding here a bit of the “delec-

table land," have chosen to remain

and become the possessors of a share

of all that this region has to offer of

“land and lake and sky,” and oppor-

tunity.



Because a woman is physically un—

able to perform all the heavy tasks of

farm work is no reason why she can-

not wisely direct the operations of

field and orchard. To be sure she has

the expense of an extra man to attend

to the duties which a man farmer

would ordinarily do himself, which

subtracts substantially from the net

income of her farm. But in some cas-

es. if not all, it may be that by wom-

an’s natural attention to details and





by stopping of small leaks she makes





i‘l the long run as much as her broth-

er farmer.



it seems to be the general opinion

that a woman cannot cope with the

hired man problem, that a man will

not. work for a woman and carry out

her orders to the fulfillment of her

plans, but experience in this locality

seems to prove that it is a matter of

personality and not of sex. The fem-

inine employer seems to succeed here

as well as the masculine. Not long

ago we read an unconvincing tale of

a woman who tried to carry on her

father’s farm after his death but. found

that the men did not consider her au-

thority and were constantly criticizing

her plans and pointing out flaws in her

judgment till in despair she gave up,

ostensibly, and later masqueraded in

masculine attire, posing as her twin

brother, whereupon, the “hands" all

fell to work with vim, eyerything

boomed and the year ended in a blaze

of glorious success. The moral of this

was supposed to be that men won’t

work for a woman if they know it.

While between the lines we spied this

point, if she had assumed the same

attitude toward her men and used the

same tactics with her skirts On, that

she did while pretending to be a man,

the results would have been as grat<

tying.



Most of the established women farm-

ers on the Grand Traverse peninsula

follow the plan of separate, indepen-

dent house and garden for their men,

and they thus make a point of employ-

ing only married men who have the

stimulus of family ties to keep them

practically permanent and to inspire

them with ambition to give satisfac-

tion and to retain their positions. It

isn’t a mere job, it rises to the dignity

of a situation in these cases. Some

employers furnish firewood, others a

stipulated daily allowance of milk, and

most of them allow the hired man the





yield from One or more cows for the

winter months during which the owner

is away. -



This absence of the owner during a

part of the year suggests a thought

which merits consideration. She is

away, either to follow her profession

of. teaching, painting, singing, nursing

or whatever it is on which she depends

for income while her farm is develop

ing, or she goes to enjoy the social ad-

vantages, or rest or travel which her

family wealth enables her to secure.

From her earnings, if she is a profes-

sional woman, or from her income if

she is a woman of means, she has the

wherewithal to build up her place

more quickly than the widow or daugh-

ter on the home farm who must de-

pend on the farm itself to furnish her

living, to renew equipment and to

maintain its highest degree of fertil-

ity. Educators say that anyone can

teach the bright pupils, but it takes

the best teaching ability to impart

knowledge to dull minds, and so we

would say that anyone can take money

from other sources and build up a

farm, but the man or woman who by

good judgment and earnest effort can

make a farm build itself up, is deserv-

ing of the higher praise.



Should one ask if these women are

getting rich, the answer would doubt-

less be that farmers do not “get rich"

as wealth is counted now-a-days. If

the question is modified to the point

of inquiring if they are “making mon-

ey,” it would be safe to say that they

are as much as the men, each accord-

ing to her several ability. Or we would

meet it by the Yankee method of re—

plying to one question by asking an-

other, “Do all men farmers succeed

financially?” Most’certainly not, and

neither do all the women. Some do

and some do not. Some have under-

taken and given up discouraged, oth-

ers are still striving against great odds

while a few have reached independ-

ence. At any rate, all have found ab-

sorbing interest which precludes phy-

sical and mental stagnation. Our ar-

gument is that farming is a business

at which a woman may succeed as well

as a man if she has the requisite qual-

ifications. Of course. the ideal ar-

rangement for farm life is first a farm

home made up of the great triangle of

husband, wife and children, but since

the gods do not vouchsafe these bles-

sings to every maiden, do not refrain

from undertaking to run a farm if you

feel that you would like to do it, sim-

ply because you belong to what used

to be called the gentler and weaker

portion of human kind. Looking for

compensation in all forms of affliction

let the lone woman farmer lay this

flattering unction to her soul, you

couldn’t discharge a husband and get

another if he didn’t do the work as

you want it done.



The woman who would own and op-

erate a farm needs the suppleness of

a sapling to bend and not break when

storm and stress arrive; the firmness

of granite with the resilience of rub~

her, to rebound when borne down by

disappointment and the uncounted dis-

asters incident to crop and equipment.

She needs courage, sound judgment,

foresight, health, and a sense of

humor.





HOME QUERIES.





 





Household Editor:—Can you tell me

how I can get spots of red barn paint

out of light-colored print? I tried

wetting them with kerosene and wash-

ed carefully with naphtha soap. It

hardly made them fainter. Boiling did

no good. Do the tiny black flies do

house plants any harm? If so, is there

a remedy?—Mrs. F. L. S., Traverse

City.



Soaking the paint in gasoline or tur.

pentine should remove it. Water and

boiling will only make matters worse.

Wash the plants in tobacco water.



Household Editorz—VVill you print

the names of several firms in Detroit

who ‘buy flowers from small producers,

such. as asters, gladiolas, tulips and

dahlias?—-A. J. B. .



We cannot print the names of busi-

ness firms in this column.





. . -vcwm. .. .«c.wvv._=-....~Wi.a.wm~m-

. p . . ._._





THE-aMICH'IVGAN FARME’R





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   





 





CALU

C

’9



AllO





Kalamazoo Pipeless





SET in cellar-connect with big register





up—no pipes to fit except smoke pipe.





 

   

   

 

 





 





 





 





 





Rheumatism , gout or lumbago

are soon relieved by





Vaseline





go‘. U35. PM, om





Camphorated





Petroleum Jello





Also strongly recommended as a

soothing. healing ointment for gath-

ered breasts.





At drug and general stores every-

where. lllustrated booklet describ-

ing all the "Vaseline" Preparations

mailed free on request together with

"Vaseline” Poster Stamps.





CHESEBROUGH MFG. CO.





 





 





New Cook Book Free





vvv

'0090

.‘o





Save Money, Room and Fuel





rooms—heats the whole house with forced warm air—easy to set "





Free Trial— Cash or Easy Payments



Write at once for manufacturer’s factory price. "’e pa freight and ship within 24 't1 .

hours. If you prefer a pipe furnace we shall be gla to make up plans free and '

quote prices. Write today and ask for Furnace Catalog No. '

KALAMAZOO STOVE 00.. Manufacturers. KALAMAZUO. MICH.

300,000 families using Kalamazoo Stoves, Ranges, Gas Stoves, Furnaces. .,

White Enameled Metal Kitchen Kabinets and Tables. -

4 catalogs—say which you want. . , ~





A KGIONGLQQ,





3:23:22: Direct to You"





 





 





 





33 State stiginmfldiizev)York cayfié

Indoor Closet





gram

fl" lid and Convenient than

the Out-Door Privy





Eliminates the open vault and cess-

Eiool, breeding places for rms.

ave a warm. sanitary. 0 orlces

. ' toilet. right in your house. No going

. "'~ ‘out in cold weather. A boon to

inval ids. Endorsed by State Boards of Health.





Put It Anywhere In Tho "out.

The germs are killed by a. chemical process in

water in the container, which you empty once a

month. Absolutely no odor. No more trouble

to empty than dishwoter. Closet. absolutely

guaranteed. Write for full description and price.





BOW! SANITARY um. 60. 318 IN! BLUE, DETROIT,





ob teh Ito—So W hand-"Ht

A“ an... wawiihzuwm‘iumw“ "“-





 





 

   





 





Buy 90 E E WHOLESALE



Your FF IN IO-LB LOTS

Get the EST and SA lOcts r nn .

WE PAY POST, EXPRESS or B2B IGHT





IF YOU LOVE 0000 1ND FUR PRICE LIST





 





VNE COFFEE ct‘i‘irtiigfissi) Cofiee s eclullsts

ept. 7, 2855-57 W. Madison St.. C ,. CAGO.





 





27491 ':





“Just What

You ,Want—





—— tempting, tasty, tender

Biscuits,Doughnuts,Cakes and

other wholesome things to eat—

so good that I could eat ’em all.





“That’s because they’re made With

Calumet Baking Powder. I know Calumet is

pure—I know it makes everything uniformly

good—I know it never fails—I know it’s saf-

est—

“Mother uses Calumet every bakeday

and you ought to taste the good things

we have at our house.”





the most economical to buy and to use.





Received Highest Awards





See Slip in

Pound Can





T O O 9 O Q

O’A‘A."o’n '..-.. u .





One

Register Furnace





set in floor of one of main .2





 

   

 

 

 





   

   

 

 





1,.~' 1'





 

 





 





 

 





AGENTS $10 to $20 3 Da

'- Easy selling. new, justou .

f.» l b ._ J,»_ Alumlnum Punt

figure Gem Steam Cooker

" ' ,,'( Cooks entire meal over one burner.

‘ Will not burn or scorch food. Guar-

anteed 15 years. Thousands writbe

I Bold—low price—big profit. Writequick

for exclusive territory and large free

, - catalogue of 400 specialties.

American Aluminum Mfg. Co., Div. B.B.Lomonl, Ill-





. .

Free for Testing

' r ted EVERBEARING

. sinfiil‘iiiiniiira PLANTS FREE}!

{hon will re rt as to your success With



1' em. ’





 

 

 





 





iI bear loads of big. red,



" berries from June to November. We



" " have counted {80 berries, blossoms



r -, , at . »-. and buds on a single plant. A osuil



.“ ' be 3 es willliring the hints. also enoug seed



. >rrl : of the new c’i-laEAi. FETERITA to



v « e rod square or round. Alsoa



W ’- -' ( on. of perennial om :rAL POPPY



< ' ' need. Send It) cts for mailing expense



or not, as you please. Write today



and get acquainted With



flit GARDNER nunsznv coma“



Box145. Osage. Ion. .





“STRAWBERRY PlANTS

THAT GROW”





‘l’ltOHRlfiFSlVE". Best full—bearer: Also Std.

Juuesorts. including our Ncht-wlling, "(‘OL-

l.l.\'>‘“. Full .\<,~urtmeut other Fruit Plants.

Catalog l-‘Rlili.

. E. Whitten’s Nurseries,

Box (14) Bridgman, Mich.





Strawberry Plants





 





 





Guaranteed as good as grows at $1.00 per

1000 and up. (‘atnlogue Fltlili.

ALLEN BROTHERS, R. 9, Paw Paw Mich.





Strawberry Pla nts





And other Small Fruit Plants





 





I o

Box 368. Leslie. Mlch‘





STRAWBERRY IND SMALLFRUIT PLANTS

Reliable Northern Grown

Plants. Ornamental Shrubs

and Gladiolus.“'e grow, sell direct. guarantee to please.

Write For free illustrated Plant Book. Address R. J.





Stahelin, the St. Joseph Nursery, Box 461. St.Joseph.Micliigun





STRAWBERRIES ‘“' V"“*"‘

Catalog Free

Rokoly’s Inmouo Michigan plants. Only hardy well

rooted stock. All varieties—Strawberry, Raspberry.

Blackberry, Currant. etc., including the EVERBEARIHC

STRAWBERRY. Write today sure for free catalog:

BOX R5. GRIDS” “IO





1. u. ROKELY.

CATALOG





IIEW STRAWBERRIE me i..."





Reliablojnteresting and instructive—All about the New

Ivorboororo and other important varieties. ddress

c. u. ruusaunofl a. son. Mason, ion.





WHOLESALE PRICES

on Slum Pia-u. Mon: other urination and on roots I

k at reasonable trices. Catalogue F311: Write to ny to





Plants. $1.65 per 1000. Truthi'ul. valu-

Strawberry able illustrated catalog free“ Worth

‘3. Mayor’s Plant Nursery, Merrill. Michigan.





Catalog Free.
292~28





~.__..





Wisconsin Wins In Big Hatching





'"—-'“' “—1"°—'—° L Contests hi,”





I For only $10you can

I get these two prize Wisconsin Incubators have

long proved their wonderful .





   





 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





minnai‘tngfmafihines » 1%

"If rel al ' '

I east of the gRoc_ii)1es.'E hatching qualities. Compet-

ing with every make known, I

they won in the five big an- .

nual National Hatching Con-

’ tests. Think of it. Five com I

secutive victories. That cer- -

tainly proves gap can 't make





 

 

 





the publisher about usl.‘





 

   

 

 





 





 





 

 

   





Made of I





   

 





 

 

   

 





   





a mistake. hipped on I



Bath 3:23.33? so new EREEH Trial .



* ' . I



Machines . .V . 0, "1111'-



-Freight Paid For Only 1 ‘ 7 - , O‘JC ,5 IF NOT :

l '11. also furnish no Egg Incubator 3'2 ‘- " ' ‘ " , - CH SATIS__FIED.



and 1110 Chick Broader both for only. w... r 10 _Y_EAR :



Wisconsins have hot water "

I heat, double walls, double glass doors, copper GUARANTEE I





I tanks and boilers, self- regulating. Nursery under egg tray. Made of finest, select, I



. clear CALIFORNIA REDWOOD, not pine, paper or other flimsy material. Incubator fin- I



I islhed' 13 natural colon—{plot painted to cover up cheap, shoddy Eaterigl. t thncu‘lat'cl‘lh and ItB‘roo3de1t' -

3 mm: comp ete wit t ermometers, egg tester, amps, every mg u e 01 15 is e es



I outfit you can buy. If you don' t find it satisfactory after 30 days’ trial, send it back. Don’ t I

buy until you get our new 1916 catalog. fully describing this prize winning outfit. WRITE I



.F FOR IT TOD Y You can’t make a mistake in buying a Wisconsin. 0n the market 15 years.





I WISCONSIN INCUBATOR COMPANY, ” Box l06 Racine,Wis. I

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII.





 





 





 





Stronger Chicks and More of Them





Don’ twasteawhole season—~vour time, temper and money. Start right.

Your interests and ours are identical. You want better chicks and more

of them-we want you to have them. X- -Ray book tells how.

\ Send for free copy.

\\'\\





iff> X- Ray Incubator





‘ / Duplex Central Heating Plant chases cold out of all the

corners. X—Ray Automatic Trip keeps heat regulated ex-

actly. F111 [/19 11' Ray Tank only one time—one gallon —- for the (mhre

hair/1. Hinged glass panel top permits you to see all that 5 going

onin the hatching: chaniberwithout raising the top or even steeping.

j X— Ray perfectly level egg tray leaves all space available for eggs.

Fifteen big special features. (in! free book and see for yourself.

IVe pay express to practically all points.



Give your chicks a chance. Raise largest percentage.





Brooaers Too X- -Ray Breeders—sanitary, rat- -proof, evenly heated





cential heating plant. Postal for free book No.29

X-Ray Incubator Company, Dept. 29, Des Moines, Iowa





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





Express

Paid





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





HATCHED IN AN

OLD TRUSTY





ELEVEN YEARS OLD





This was for Mr. S. W. Warren of

’l‘ryon, Neb.. and it was in an Old Trusty

It that had fallen off the porch and let lay

, around the vard and irivr 11 abuse that would have

I! put an ordinary incubator out of business in no





 

 

   

   

 

 





time. Old 'lrusty is built to make good, not only

for a few years but foi many years, and make

_bi hatches any time and anywhere. 650,000 sat.-

is ed ow.ncrs





Write for This FREE



1 (BS-Page Book

and get our 1916 price, freighflpaid to your sta-

tion. 40 to 90 days’ trial JOHNSON.





\M. M. JOHNSON C0., Clay Center, Neb.





lili Jesus





and get our 1916 Incubator

Book FREE and postpaid.

Shows why Prairie State In-

cubators “hat ch most

- chick: that live " Contains

, chapter on Poul Diaeaaes- lilo

' - oneon hatchingnn rearing

PRAIRIE STATE INCUBATOI 00.

12.1-11.9





G E M The High Percent Matcher

Buy the Gem and he sure. 25 years highest;





on: ccss. (‘ opacity 50 to 270 eggs. (11 in chicks

ulwoys lively and thrive because our unique system of ventila-

tion conserves natural egg: moisture Wells six ply (4 layers of

insulation). Built of Cypress the ‘ wood- etcr- \





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





Less $





1..- 10





Freight lyald anywhere

east of ckies—a trifle

more farther west.





19“”; dad WI N S





w .

In 2 Biggest





with be: until: fiiiohfifgincgbfd H ATCH' NG

CON TESTS





or grinse‘b 1n the lley “manner

EinstchinEIContest. She placed 14

s in e incubutoTh Ind batches

14 strong chicks. Think of that.

You can now get us famou- .

o: . wood. Ever l1 eld

'4 Egg Incubator BOTH $

Glllckl Prooder FOR

to rdered t other. sodays

trial, Ito-agar Guarantee. ”Fug.“

Order-direct mthisudvettise: P.

5 merit—money back if not satin-Ea.‘ of





{a . c.tory Ipcubutor is cover-e"





 





 

 

 

 

 

   





Write

for Express

Prepaid Price





 

 

   

 

 





 





 





 

 

 





 

 

 

 





   

 

 

 





 

 

 

   

 





 

   

 

 

   





 





 





   

   

 

   

 

 

 





 





nsl. " Gem hot- water heating system of cold-

rolled copper distributes and cquslizes warmth.

Best, doulile- wafer regulator Removable chick

trays. Many more features in big. free catalog.

Get. our spciisl offer, also “How to Buy an,

Incubator." and save money Write today.





GEM MFG. 00.. Box 20. Greenville. o. ‘





$1500 Yearly RdlSlIlg Poultry





New 100- -page book--' ust ofi' pros-“by



In Bde drd I recognized poultry out orit‘y-flives the



very information on need undrcdl



of women pa for omes raising poultry



nbsck yar ---healthfi_11. interestinlg



This book tells how to avoid beginner' s costly mis caugiv



experience successful breeders--how they starts



grew on me a money. .



Describes America’ a [re cutest moncy- -savln lin >

muteed incubators. breeders. Book in tree





   

 

 





. . ‘ and well made. Send



nailed iron. for free catalogue.



Ironclad Incubator Go. .

8011117 . Rselno, Villa. (3)





ggaggy; BEFORE 1011 in





This 136- Egg Incubator and Brooder

- : ipped anywhere on 80 days' trial.

No money down - no deposit.



$995 Pays tor BOTH It Sat-





   





 

   





 





 





 





 

 

 





isfactory when Tested

No other such open lib ersl oifcr

as this, because no other outfit:





. . incubator



‘ . Efiwatezzfiroodalégtr r.Both

11111-1:



guaranteed. Wohkeal slthel'l-k





Tells why chicks die





E. J Reefer. the poultry expert, 4382 Reefer Bldg.

‘ Kansas Cit, Mo ., ti551 viiig awa free a valuable

book entitle, “W111 iarrboea on How to Cure it. "

isbook contains scientific facts on white diarrhoea

andla toleln owto prepare an unplo hom mo solution that cures this





 





 

 





 





 

 





demand-«mite Immo Iy.

Hodollncubstor Co.) 16 Henry 8h. Buflslo.N.Y.

Also 39 Barclay St. ,New York City





[$2.50 for 25 to 50 CHICK “OVER





Made cl Galvanized Steel. Co be usai



In any box. Safe and durable hat water



but. All complete. Incubator book (fee.

We make 73 different articles.





venom. IlllCUBATOR co., Holly. 111.11. '





issue over night and Ictuoll y raise- 93 per cent 0

every hatch Allpo 11] to scr- lhould certainlywri

axons of these valuabo book.





tour. Reels r





THE MICH‘I'G'A





   

 





N. FARMER





HIS is the time when people



think of building new poultry



houses or enlarging old ones that

the flock has outgrown. In building a

new house it is a mighty good scheme

to try and overcome some disadvan-

tages that, were present in the 01d

structure.



In selecting the site for the poultry

house, we need to be very cautious

because the site has so much to do

with the health of the chickens and

with the salability ol.‘ the eggs. If we

were to place the chicken house in a

low, damp, dirty place it would mean

that we would have diseased fowls

from parasites that live in the soil and

in addition, we would probably have

dirty eggs, because dirty ground means

dirty feet for the hen—dirty feet mean

dirty nests, and so on until the egg

lands in the hands of the consumer.

Then we hear peculiarly grating, disa—

greeable remarks, not to mention the

fact that we have to take less money

for the eggs than as though the old

hen had wiped her feet on the. door

mat.



The most important things to bear

in mind when building a chicken house

are dryness, ventilation, sunlight and

disinfection. We will take them up in





 





‘aph we spoke of some of the effects

ithat a dirty yard might have upon the

ihen and the lien iiiiii‘kct. That was

{destructive criticism. Constructive

‘criticism would dictate that we place

ithe hen house upon a southern slope—-

that means sloping, not lev 9] ground. If

we can get 21 location that has a warm

porous soil and that is capable of be-

ing well drained, we may deem our-

selves very fortunate. It is a very

good plan to keep the hen house at

some little distance from 1119 surround—

ing buildings so that there will be pro-

-vided no harboring places for rats,

mice, or other vermin. Some people

think that the chicken house ought to

be pretty close to the dwelling house

but I am slightly at, variance with this

View. That the proxiiiiiiy oi' the chick—

en house does have something to do

with the ease with which the woman

of the house can take care of the

chickens I have little doubt, but. I sin—

cerely believe that, the obnoxious pres-

ence of the chickens on the back porch

more than outweights the convenience

that is had by their quarters being

close to the house. It seems to be the

inherent nature of a chicken to want

to be around the back porch if his

quaiters me close enough, and as for

me, “give me libeity or give me death”

—-—of the chicken.



The kind of floor that ought to be in

a chicken house is a matter that may

well merit some attention. It is more

or less ideal to have a cement floor

because, in this manner, we can keep

out vermin that would burrow up' from

underneath, but it is true that fowls

are not as healthy on cement floors as

they are upon dirt floors. The cement

is apt to be damp and if there is any-

thing that cannot be condoned in poul-





       





1

I

I





 





try house architecture it is a wet





: the order named. In the previous par-





FEB. 2.6. 1916.





Constructing the Poultry Hohse





house, giving rise, as it does, to‘ vari-

ous and sundry diseases such as roup,

catarrh, and so on.



The body temperature of the hen is

160 degrees F., and so we see that she

must have considerable air to main-

tain such rapid oxidization within her

body. She requires more air in pro-

portion to her body weight than any

other creature upon the farm. King

estimates that a horse weighing one

thousand pounds breathes a trifle less

than thirty-five hundred cubic feet of

air daily. A cow of the same weight

demands a little less than three thou-

sand cubic feet, but two hundred five-

pound hens make a demand upon the

ventilation for eight thousand cubic

feet of air every twenty-four hours.

This shows us immediately that one of

the most important essentials of poul-

try house construction is that we pro-

vide ample air for the hens to breathe.

There can be little question but. that

many farm poultry houses are deficient

mainly because they do not admit

enough fresh air and sunlight. Fresh





air is just as essential as is food and .





sunlight is nature’s own disinfectant.

The point to be remembered in venti-

lating the poultry house is to admit

liberal supplies of fresh air, but at the





 





Good Hens can not do their Best in Poor Coops.





same time to keep this from circulat-

ing over the fowls in the form of a

draft. A muslin front house adapts

itself to this principle very readily. It

has, however, an objectionable feature

when used in rather damp locations.

If ihe meshes of the muslin are too

tight, the moisture collects in them

and with it the dirt, thus giving an un-

sightly appearance. However, the ap-

pearance is not the most, objectionable

feature that such a wet combination

possesses. When the meshes become

wet the strands swell and clog up most

of the pores through which air can en-

ter. In getting muslin for a muslin

from house, we ought to get that with

large meshes rather than tightly wov-

en fabric.



Sunlight and the mite mean consiaiit

fight. VVht‘I'PVGI‘ sunlight can gel to

roosis or poultry house appliances, we

may rest assured that ihe lice will not

be very troublesome. Direct sunlight

is one of the best disinfectants that

can be had and the more that can get

mm the poultry house the better.

There are many more poultry houses

111111 suffer from insuflicient light, llian

there are that have too much. A very

good rule to go by in putting windows

inio the hen house is to allow one

square foot of glass for every ten to

sixteen square feet of floor space, or

one square foot of glass to each three

birds to be housed. The construction

of a hen house ought to be simple, in

fact so simple that at any time the

house can be thoroughly sprayed with

the assurance that the gasolene or ker-

osene used can get into all the crevices

or cracks which present themselves.

The nests may well have portable

backs and fronts, or be so arranged

that the top can be raised up, the

straw cleaned out and the nests com-

pletely disinfected. Do not forget that





 





 





 





‘1-





In





-m-rw





«WV 5" 1M
, ,w....,>WJ-qu— 1





THE'Mrc‘HIGANFA-RMER ' ' 29-293





 





 





   

   

 

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 





   

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





 

 





.‘/





   

 





7' 113313.26. 1916 W

\ /"// V “/27

Q" /

fl/fl/j

. ”'4’!

\é’





[W “cl You aw i

. to Make Poultry Healthy t

Make Hens lay Make Chicks Grow





NOW that matingtime' has arrived, it’s up to you to see that your poultry

get a tonic and internal antiseptics to make them vigorous and free of

disease. Therefore, feed Pan—a-ce—a. _





In that condition your hens will lay better, you will get more healthy, fertile

eggs and the chicks will stand a better show of reaching maturity.

Therefore, feed Pan-a-ce-a.





And; before the hatches come, I want to warn against gapes, leg weakness

and indigestion, for these ailments are responsible for half the baby-chick

losses. Therefore, feed Pan-a-ce—a—it will save you these losses.





My lifetime experience as a veterinarian, a doctor of medicine and poultry

raiser has taught me the needs of poultry under all conditions; that is why

I urge you to try my scientific and long-tried prescription,





1- Dr. Hess POullI'y

PA r-A- E-A





It’s a Tonic—Not a Stimulant





Here are a few of the valuable ingredients in Pan-arce-a to meet the

requirements of your poultry which I have just stated:





Nux Vomica, a nerve tonic; Carbonate of Lime, a shell former; H yposul-

J phite 0f Soda, an internal antiseptic; Quassia, an appetizer; Iran, to



enrich the blood, and other valuable ingredients, all well" known and recom-

mended by the highest medical and veterinary authorities.





Perhaps the strongest argument in favor of Pan-a-ce-a is the fact that it has

been on the market for 22 years and is growing in favor each year.

3 Read the guarantee in the right—hand panel—that is your protection.





There is a Dr. Hess dealer in your town, a man whom you know, a man

who stands back of my guarantee and will return your money if Pan-a-ce-a

fails to make good. 1% lbs. 250; 5 lbs. 60c; 25-lb. pail, $2.50 (except in

Canada and the far West).





DR. HESS 8: CLARK, Ashland, Ohio





Dr. Hess Stock Tonic

2545. pail, $1.60; 1004». sack, $5.00

Why pay the peddler twice my price?





Your stock need this tonic now to harden and condition

them after the confined heavy feeding of winter. There's

nothing better to put horses in trim for hard spring and

summer work. Milch cows need it just now to prepare

them for the heavy milking season ahead. Dr. Hess Stock

Tonic makes all stock healthy. keeps them toned up and

expels worms. Sold under money-back guarantee. 25-lb.

pail. 81.60: loo-lb. sack. $5.00: smaller packages as low as 50c

(except in Canada and the far West and the South). Send 20

for my new free Stock Tonic book.





. Dr. Hess Instant Louse Killer





' Kills lice on poultry and all farm stock. Dust the hens and

sprinkle it in the nests, or, if your fowl are pro-

P





I J ""-

W





   





1 \





[‘QQ‘





u ‘

lM1111 .





l



l

% t



.?





 





 





 





 





 





 





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

 





My Guarantee





So sure am I that Dr.

Hess Poultry Pan-a-



' ce-a will help make

” your poultry healthy.

.. help make your hens

. lay and your chicks

* grow that I have told

. mydealerinyourtown

to supply you on con-

' dition that if Pan-a-

ce-a does not do as I

claim. return the

emptypackageand

get your money

. back.





 





- m'r W"





 





 





 





 





 





 





TM





vided with a dust bath, sprinkle Instant

Louse Killer in the dust bath every



other Week—the hens will do the

rest. Also destroys bugs on cu-

cumber,squash and melonvines. . ’





slugs on rose bushes. etc. '

Comes in handy, sifting-top , '

cans. 1 lb. 250: 3 lbs. 600





 





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C O . I O

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., ' '— Cb fi.

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‘t

(fixcept in Canada and ii

t e far West). I I





guarantee it.





 





 





 





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/.,met.'

18" ‘ l; . ii

' ll’ ‘18:?" 1

n l},'

11; ,,_ 1

1 .. 0., \

._ 1‘s.





 

 

 

 





 





It you have a sick or iniured

animal, write Dr. Hess, tell

symptoms, enclose 2c stamp

tor reply, and he will send

you a prescription and

letter of advice tree oi

charge.





 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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294—30





a





' ROCK COOKERELS, large. farm

"md Plymounlh raised from rize winning flock.

oooh.two for 35. J. A. BARN M. Union City, Mich.





 





—200 bighushy vi orousbirids





Blind Bock cUCRCIel: Afew u ets.

. Coflman. R. 3. Benton arbor. Mich.





 





' The noted prize strain. Grand

Illnglol Barlfld “nuks Breeding Cockerels for sale. 33

a iece. two for $5. Also selected pens for breeding.

P ainvi‘ew Stock and Dairy Farm. Romeo, Mich.





IG Beautiful Hen hatched Barred Plymouth Books

sold on approval 52 to $5 each. (4 females and male

$10)good layers.t‘irculnrs and photos. John Nortlioii.CIare.Mich.

Barred Plymouth





0 I I

Ilousms llorlhorn limgOSlraml 11031.}... H {1,}... "f“

a rizes. Some nice ockere san u e s or sa 6.

{I’Vrliltye‘l'or prices. David W. Cousins. North port-Mich.





EARVEIW Poultrv Farm Established 1900. Trap'

L ‘ ‘. W. Le horns Eggs for hatchingv





.‘t ‘t in )f b. .

15. $13550: iii; 100.35. Thos. . Barns. Creston. (”110°





C H l C K 8. faith erfil‘flf"ioi§°‘§33fi:





JOS. NEUMAN, Prop., Eureka. Farm, Dorr, Mich.





Barred Ply n10“I cockerels for 32. Best breed-





in obtainable notruite matured. “'ould cost $0.“)

at erivise. RIVER IEW FARM, Ii. 2. Vassar.Mich.





Barred Rock Ckls.Sl‘é’tiingiféiofff‘fnfli‘é’e‘p





- ~ 1 ‘ ' . .A. ullo. Deckerville. Mich.

nairou buring A Putt '1





Rocks. Have some splendid





ARRED [locks Parks 200 Egg Strain with records to

290cggsayczir+$150 per 15 Delivered. By Parcel

post. Fred Astling. Constantine. Mich.





UFF LEGHORNS—Cockerels. ullets. hens or

pens; anything you wish in Bull .egliorns. Great

laying strain. Dr. William Smith. I’etersburg. Mich.





' ' Silver. White and

ch'cks that live $15 per 100! Partrid e \Vyan.

dottes. White Leghorn Chicks $12 per 1 , Pekin

and llouen Ducklings 25 cents cucli. ALDH AM

POULTRY FARM, R. No. 37. Phoenixville. Pa.





("ICES \Ve ship thousands each season. ’Ten

_ 9 varieties. Aiicona's $11 a hundred. free

booklet. Freeport Hatchery, Box 12.Freeport.Mich.





E for hatcliing-I‘rom pure bred White Plymouth

ggs llocks. Pekiii and W iite runnncr ducks. \Vhite

A rican guineas. H. V. Hostctlcr, R. 1, St. Johns. Mich.





EGGS for Hatching. Park's 200-cgg strain barred

Plymouth Rocks. Iii-$1.50; 25-3150; 30-3300:

50-$4.50. .l. E. Grimm. Conklin, Mich.





EGGS S. C. W. Leghorn. good as offered. 19

‘ eggs $1.00. 30,eggs $1.45. Catalog free.

I. HAYER. J r.. Merrill. Mich.





GGS for hatching. Bab chicks a, sspecialty. From

pure ll. 0.1ihodelslan Reds and . C. White Legs;

horns. 81.00 per setting. Baby chicks $10 per 100. B00

'our orders now. Red & White Poultry Farm. H. A.

icholls, Prop., Ellakc, Mich,





' —200 Egg Strain. Ono customer's

Farris ”Shams flock averaged 102 eggs in six winter

mos. another 181 eggs in 10 mos, another 199 eggs. in

12 mos. You can do as well. Eggs. chicks, breeding

stock from hens with records up to 264 eggs. Prize

winners at largest. shows. Prompt shipment. priceslow.



uality guaranteed. White Le horns are best ‘foreggs.

\ 'e raise thousands. Free cata 03 and price list bives

particulars. Write for it now. 16 ears square due in -

thousands ofpleased customers. ‘EliliIS Ll‘IGHOR

FARM. 934 Union. GRAND RAPIDS. MICH.





' a few Buil' Rock Cocks and



For Quick clearance! Cockerels at $Zeach. Hens and

ullets $1.50 each. Bluei)rpin ons. both sexes $2 each.

ust be sold before February 1 lth. Winners at Chicago,

1911. '12,’13.'1~i and’16. Bird Lawn Farm.Lawrence,MICh.





£0WLEII’S BUFF HOOKS. tofflfsimlfeé?

[to $3, White Holland Turkey Toms '30; hens $3.

R. B. FOWLER. Hartford. Michigan.





F 8 I -\Vhite Rock Cockerels 9 lbs. $3.00, 8 lbs.

9" a 9 $2.50. Fine white birds. Order early.

Mrs. Elsie M. Robinson. Petersburg. Michigan





ILIPROV I‘Z you r poultry. M v You ng’s strain S. C.V\'hite



Leghorns great money ma ers. Strong. Vi orous. free-



mnge stock. Baby chicksSSperlOO and up. Satisfaction



guaranteed. Free catalogue.W.Van Appledorn, HollandJiirch.

Toms all sold.





1'

".manlh BIOIIZ: lurk.” choice hens 815A OW

each. COLLAR BROS. Conklin, Mich, R. No. 2.





.ANIAI()'1'H Bronze Turkeys Mammoth Toulouse Geese and

MBJ'Jiock and F.C.White Le horn iFockerels.Berksliiros.both

lexullngcs. Cliasc'sStock arm, Marlette.llli('h. R.1_



. - - Strong, vigorous birds

Pill. are“ While 0min l0"! best of egg strain.eggs

after Feb. lst.. baby ch cks later. MRS. WILLIS

HOUGH. Pine Crest Farm. Royal Oak. Michigan.





II. I, llods. Bolh Combs. Mosl Popular 15:33.33





gs for hatching. Baby Chicks. Write for catalog

I TERLAKES FA RM. Box 39. Lawrence, Michigan





RHODE ISLAND REDS and PLYMOU T_H ROCKS.

Males 5 to 12 lbs. according to ageSZto 8:); P. R. hens

weight 5 to 9% lbs.. eggs 15 for 31.00; P. R. eggs Séper 100.

Mammoth Bronze Tom Turkeys. 8 to 88 lbs. according

to age 86 to $25. 10 eggs S3. A. E. Cramp ton. Vassar. Mich





and S. C. R. I. Red Cockerels. eggs and baby chicks.

R. \V. Emden Grinders, B. O. Ducks. Fine stock.





Prices reasonable. 0.13. Hawley. Ludington. Mich.





Ilose Comb Brown Leghorn & Mammolh PoIln Duck

Eggs :1 per setting. $5 per 100. W. China Geese 250ents

each. CLAUDIA BETTS. Hillsdale, Mich.





ROSE AND SINGLE COMB Rhode Island Reds

Eggs, pcr15, $1.50 by parcel post; from special pens,

20c each by express, Jennie Buell, Ann Arbor, Mich.





' and White Wyandottes. First prize

silver hide" winnors atlonia. Choice cockerels rcti-

oonable. Send for circular. C. \V.lii'owning. R.‘2,l’ort1mid.Micli.





S O. B. Minorcas (‘ockercls and Pullets. Eggs. Pope

- strain. 1’. U. Bred Sows and fall pigs. Big type

with quality. R. \V. Mills. Saline. Mich.





S C White Leghorns, vigorous bred to lay stock.

- . Eggs. $5.00 hundred—750 for 13. a, few day old

chicks. safe





fertility guaranteed.

M. MALON 1.; l',





delivery an

Kalamazoo, Michigan.





ll. N0. 1,

“'liite Wyandottes. both fancy and

Walnlll comer utility.a nice lot of cockcrols for sale.

Satisfaction guaranteed. W.J. Scholl, Bremen. Ohio.



0 a fine lot. male and femaleat

White Wyandoue low price and write our

wants. DAVID HAY. 202 Forest Ave,. Ypsilanti. ich.





Whilo Wyandolle Bocliml: $95? §§?35‘%L%y $535-





EGGADAY POULTRY RA NCH'. Marshall. Mich:

HYDE Wyandotte Cockercls. $2.50. $3.56 and $3





each. From High Bred stock and heavy layers.

A. FRANKLIN SMITH, Ann Arbor, Michigan.





“h". lIsli’yandottes. Duston‘s strain. 3 firsts at Van





uren Co. Fair. 25 fine cockerels $3 each. 2 for

85. VERN MOORE, R. No.1. Hartford. Mich.





While Holland lurlioys. .Fi‘fmii‘ihgfngi‘i‘éfliysgfik'

Alden Whltcomb. Byron'Cenur. Michigan.





Pelilnaiid lionen Brakes “torsion?” 3

Iliorldoo Poultry Yards. Sheridan, Michigan.





2:12....” 4.3....” -<-ur"'~'€-Jf~'~£~'~'~ “'~





 





 





Big Cash Profits





EVery “look on Chicks. Write me for detail:

ohowin how (inner: with Belle Cit outfits

make 10 ’to $25 a wool: on day-o1 chicks.

Get the facts! Any man, woman, boy or girl

can do it by following my plan and ruin: my





 

 





 

 





I ship Bufi‘ala, Kansas

City, inmapoli'oor Racine ;.





 





 

 

 

 





Incubators and Brooders‘





"In 25 World's Greatest Matches

Belle City Won With Perfect Hatches”

402,000 in use. Get the whole

wonderful story told by the champion-



ship winners themselves in my big





free Book, “Hatching Facts"



‘ K» On Practical Chicken Rousing



With book comes full description and illustration of



my incubator and brooder in actual colors—the kind

a b . Government and leading Agricultural





 





I] Y .

Colleges—that won the ' Tycos" Cu that will win

big success and cash profits for you—D—





My 10-Yoar Money-Back

Guaranty— My Low Prices

-same as last year. Freight prepaid. My





1-2-8 months’ Home Test—all facts,proofs, particulars

.100 photographs of prize winning hatches—also my





$1300 Gold Offers





Conditions 50 easy anyone ma receive biggestpay.

Biggest chance anyone ever to make extra money

With a hatching outfit.



Learn how I paid one Belle City user.$156.25. another

50. many from $45 down. Everything comes with

ree book. Write me today. Jim han, Pres,



Bollo City Incubator 60., Box 1 4, Rocino, Wio.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Compound Incubators





 

 

 

 

 

 





-



F—Get Bigger Hatche _

Any Plano—Any Tlmo~Any climate

.These famous Metal covered machines make



big money every year for poultry raisers. High



quality material. superior construction. aim.

plicity and ease ot operation all combine to give





 





t h e greatest

hatching value. j





'.>"





 

 





 





 

 

 

 





A





 

 





 





.r





._ L. .

= - ‘2}.

'0

. .





Don’t Pay

Two





“'2 .

‘3” 1:.-





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





. <£‘_





Prices





bator you get

the greatest

batching value

at the lowest

ossible price.

ill last a life

time. ave tried a





ll. nun:

FREE 1916 Catalog REE





Don’t buy an incubator anywhere at ans

price until you get our new 1916 catalog on

rock bottom prices. You owe it to yourself to

know all about this wonderful incubator.

Write today—sure.



WARSAW INCUBATOR 00.

Box 249 Warsaw. III.





 

 





   

 

 

 

   





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 





Beginner I. at

COLONY OnIYOneChick





ROODER "I put 272 chicks under my





CASIIIN Candee Colony Brooder that

COAL





 

 

 





BURN . were 6 weeks old last Wednes-

1N0 sf" Krona-rim day and I still have 271 and I

Write For Big





never saw or run one of your

“Inflated Cull" Brooders or any other until





that gives the experi- fifigifisgil°hn'n°h°n'

D I





 

   

 





 

 

 





   

 

 





ence of Candec operators

hut year and pictures of

their plants. Tells about the coal.

burning broader automatically

regulated. Large. roomy hover.

Poultry raising will be more prot-

itable brooding with the Candeo,





“1‘1,th I”.

Licensed by W. A. .

Schlcit Mfg.Co.,Inc. ;“





 





   

 

 





 





 

 





 





WE PAY $80 A MOIITII SALARY





and furnish rig and all expenses to introduce

our guaranteed poultry and stock powders.

BIGLER COMPANY. X 682. SPRINGFIELD. LLINOI‘





1G FOl'li POI‘L’l‘liY .l()I‘liNAI.—tlio Practical

Poultry Paper for Practical Poultry Raisers; only

)ilptll‘flel'nti’tl exclusively to the poultry interests of

llinois. Indiana, Michigan and “Visconsin. It's

\'()I ll paper: you should read it. Bright. Snappy, Live.

Sl’l‘X‘I. l. OFFER; 6 mos. ’l‘rialSiibsr-ription 15c. Send

stamps. Big Four Poultry Journal. Desk 26, Chicago.





 





pounnvf’“ _ A





Single comb While Leghorns





Day-Old Chicks & Eggs lor Hatching





Cheap feeds. free range. bulk of work ofhandling

the. flock in winter, when the farmer is least

occupied. makes poultry raising doublyattractive

and profitable for the farmer. Our stock bred

for vigor and egg production. makes raising easy

and profit certain. Just a word about our mat-

ing: Every male bird used in our breeding pens

has been sired by males out of 1500 egg hens - or

better. We are offering chicks and eggs for

hatching from these males mated to large, vigor-

ous. early-maturing females. at very reasonable

prices. Two thousand chicks per week. Absolute

satisfaction. full count and safe delivery guaran-

teed on all orders. We are booking orders for

earlv spring delivery. Write us for prices and

further particulars. '





Hillandolo Poultry Farm,





 





-1THE‘ MICHIGAN FARMER'A-





a dust bath is one of the ways nature

provides so that the fowl can dust her-

self and thus get rid of the parasites





that cut down winter production and





annoy the old biddy.



One of the best louse powders that

can be had was first formulated in Cor-

nell University by R. C. Lowry. It is

prepared by mixing three-fourths of a

pint of gasolene, one-fourth pint of

crude carbolic acid and two and one-

half pounds of plaster of paris. Force

this mixture through a sieve to break

up the lumps, dry in the air and when

dry cork tightly. This mixture will re-

main good indefinitely. VVhen you want

to apply the powder, punch some holes

in the top of a tin can and use this as

a shaker. The fowl may be held by

the legs with her head down. In such

a. position the feathers fall readily

away from the body so that the pow-

der may be distributed through to the

skin. Frequent applications of this

louse powder are to be recommended.



In building the poultry house, par-

ticular attention may well be paid to

its location, the construction ought to

be such that the coop will be dry, lib-

erally ventilated, accessible to the sun

and capable of being easily disinfected.



Ingham Co. I. J. MATHEWS.





 





A HOME-MADE OAT SPROUTER.





 





The accompanying picture repre-

sents an oat sprouter which I made

myself and have used with success.



In the basin on the right are 53 eggs

and 76 in the basin on the left. This

shows the gain made by my hens, in

one week after I began feeding the





 





 





 





Sprouted Oats Increase Egg Supply.





sprouted oats, with no other change in

their diet.



The sprouter was set out on the

porch in order to get a good light, but

its regular place is in the kitchen, by

a window near the kitchen range.



It is simply a frame with cleats on,

to hold trays made of one-half—inch by

one-inch wood strips, with galvanized

wire screen tacked on the bottoms.



This greatly simplifies the raising of

early chicks, also gets the good fertile

eggs, from which to hatch the early

chicks. For feeding chicks it is best

to cut off the top of the cats and clip

them up in short lengths with the

shears, feeding the rest to the hens.



Little ducks and geese require great





 





 





 





 





Krentoi Bron" Prop». Eon Loosing. Mich





A-..;.. __'_. , .___...‘.,_. _~._.,,.;...,..1-~.._»-»- -_ v...





amounts of green feed and in an ex-

tremely dry time one of these sprout-

ers might spell the difference between

success and failure.



The trays should be very loose in/

the frame, or they will stick when wet

up. In making a sprouter allow one

square inch of space for each hen to

be fed and a few extra inches for the

early broods of chicks, or else allow

an extra tray from which to cut the

tops for the chicks. Seven trays are

used in this one as this allows a tray

for each day in the week.



The tray that is emptied in the

morning is refilled at once, with oats

that have been soaked over night in

warm water. ,.



Ten minutes twice a day will care

for this sprouter and there is no lamp

to be cleaned, filled and kept burning,





FEB. l,‘ 1916.

all the time, also all danger of musty

or moldy oats is avoided by the open

trays.



The top tray is fed each morning

and all the others are sprinkled with

warm water and moved up a notch,

putting the freshly filled tray in at

the bottom. All are well sprinkled

again at night.



One of these sprouters painted a.

nice, dark green, combining nicely

with the green of the oats, makes a

pleasing object in the kitchen, giving

a hint of spring time. '



One of the neighbors 'proclaims

mine “prettier than any house plant.”



It is not only pretty, but a grain-sav-

er, and the materials for making can

be readily picked up on nearly any

farm.



Kalamazoo Co. Mas. M. KENNEDY.





 





SHIPPING HATCHING EGGS.





The season is almost at hand when

many of us will be buying, and not a.

few selling, eggs for hatching. It is,

therefore, pertinent to discuss at this

time methods of shipping hatching

eggs. It is not true that; faulty pack-

ing causes much trouble in the line of

poor hatches, for the average breeder

of fancy stock knows how to ship his

eggs. Usually more of the fault lies

with the receiver who does not give

the eggs proper attention when they

arrive at their destination. This at-

tention should consist of a period of

quiet before they are put in the incu~

bator or under the hens. It is inevita-

ble that the delicate cells and germs

get more or less disturbed by a long

trip—~this in spite of skillful packing

and careful handling.



The express companies handle most

of the hatching eggs that are trans-

ported, as it is undoubtedly true that

they do it with more care than the

post office department. Yet it is also

true that long shipments are made by

parcel post and good hatches result.

Several manufacturers of parcel post

boxes put out cartons that carry eggs

with a considerable degree of safety.

All packages containing eggs should

be so marked, whether they are to be

sent by express or parcel post.



Fiber boxes are best for mail ship-

ments but baskets are better for ex-

press. It is undoubtedly true that a

basket is handled with more consider-

ation than a box by express company

employes. The basket should be just

about large enough to hold the ship-

ment with the necessary packings. A

bushel basket will hold about 100 eggs,

while a ten-pound grape basket will

hold one settings The grape basket is

scarcely strong enough, however, but

baskets of that size do not cost very

much.



\Vhen the, basket is ready to pack,

line it with newspapers and put one

inch of excelsior over the bottom.

VVI‘RD each egg separately in soft, pa-

per and place them in the basket, the

small end down. Place them one inch

apart and fill all spaces with excelsior,

crowding it in carefully. Put on an-

other layer of excelsior and repeat un-

til the basket is full. The secret of

success is to keep the eggs from com-

ing in contact. with each other during

the journey. Round up the top with

excelsior and cover with canvas, sew-

ing it to the. basket all the way round.

Eggs packed in this way are seldom

broken. No eggs should be shipped

unless they have perfect shells. Hens

in the breeding pens should be fed all

the oyster shells and green food they

will eat. This gives the eggs strong

thick shells. C. H. CHESLEY.





 





It was found that 15 days after inat-

ing the hens still laid .fertile eggs.

When mating was repeated after a pe-

riod of more than 16 days”, the first fer-

tile egg'wasgenerally laid three days

later. It was fOund possible to influ-

ence the color of the eggshell by pair-

ing a cock of, a breed which. has yel-

low or brown eggs with a hen of an-

other breed that lays white eggs, or

vice versa, the breed of the hen alone

being responsible for the color of the

eggshell.





.4; .._.:....n.. ...._»..... M. .............. _ .~





 

 





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“a,





 





 





 





at as..-





NWWWW“llllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflfllllllllllflllllflIlllllll||l"llllIWWIlllllllllllllmmlmmllflllllflflllfllll . ‘ i; ;





Farm Commerce





'|llIlllllllllIllllllliilllIlllllIlllllIlllllHIIIIIlllllllll|lllllllllllllllllll||ll||||lllllll|||l|llllllllIIlllllllIllIllllllllllllIllIllllll||IllIll!llll||IlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIll||Illlll|llll||||ll|IlllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllll : ’ '





Ellllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllll’!





 





How to Sell the Big Crops





HEN in any industry the supply

W catches the demand, the prob-



lem in that industry becomes

no longer production. It becomes

sales. The question is not how to pro-

duce, but how to sell.



In previous articles we have shown

that the problems of the jobber, the

retailer and the consumer are also the

problems of the producer. In analyz-

ing our big problem we said, “Here,

on the one hand, are food supplies for

the people of this country and here on

the other are the one hundred million

inhabitants. How can we economical-

ly distribute these crops to’these

people?”



Our conclusion was that the 2,500

produce jobbers with their 7, 500 trav‘

eling salesmen and the 300, 000 retail-

ers whom they supply are virtually the

producer’s agents who perform a dis-

tinct function—a necessary service—-

in assembling perishable products in

the market centers and distributing

them to the consuming public. We

have said very little regarding the pro—

ducer’s relation to this public.



Agricultural science and modern

methods of farming have made it pos-

sible for the grower to economically

produce fruit which should yield a fair

return on the investment. Let us as-

sume that we have a marketing sys-

tem which is fair and satisfactory to

every factor engaged in the distribut-

ing process. The crop comes to the

consumer in good condition and at a

reasonable price because the market-

ing is efficient and not extravagantly

or dishonestly performed. The conse-

quent good will and demand of a sat-

isfied public is reflected to the retailer

and passes through the jobber’s sales-

men and the jobber to the producer.

The crop moves rapidly and everyone

is satisfied.



But, even under these almost per-

fect conditions, suppose the country

produces too much. The crop accumu-

lates in the jobbing and retail stores.

It rots in the grower’s fields. Prices

take a slump. But the public is al-

ready consuming its fill. Low prices

offer little inducement to buy. Sales-

manship is speeded up without result.

There is an oversupply.



What can the grower do? What

forces has he at his command? To

whom can he appeal? Let us see what

others have done under these condi-

tions.



Last year the California lemon crop

increased 132 per cent over the output

of the preceding year. Americans use

lemons most freely in cold drinks in

hot weather. They use them in a com-

paratively small way throughout the

year for culinary and other general

purposes. A low retail price will not

greatly stimulate the use of lemons in

the summer time, when temperature

is the real controlling factor.



Last year the most significant factor

in the lemon situation was the abnor-

mally cool'weather that prevailed over

the United States after the middle of

May. Only twice after April did the

average eastern temperature reach the

normal; twice only after May did the

central temperature reach normal;

and at no time after May did the aver-

age temperature reach normal in the

western sections of the United States.



When war was declared in 1914 it

was generally believed that importa-

tions of foreign lemons would be stop-

ped. Wholesale and retail prices rose

to abnormal figures in the fall, the

trade had no advices regarding impor-

tations and the dealers stocked up for

the future with highvpricedi fruit.



But imports were not stopped. Itala

ian lemons were shipped here in the





‘1





usual quantities in the fall. The Whole-

sale price dropped $3.00 per box in

thirty days. However, the wholesale

and retail trade had large supplies of





high-priced foreign and California lem- _





ons on. hand, a condition which pre-

vented a free distribution of the fruit

for many weeks:



The reduction of the duty of one

cent per pound in 1912 lowered the ov-

erhead charge on foreign fruit 72 cents

per box, and because the war cut off

the usual continental European mar-

kets this country received a flood of

Italian lemons of all grades whenever

it was figured that overhead charges

could be realized. The New York price

of foreign lemons for the year 1915,



which is a leading factor in establish-

ing values throughout the country, was

only slightly more than the average

cost of producing and placing a box of

lemons on the cars in California.



But people ate no more lemons.



The California lemon growers figur-

ed their acreage. They found that they

had 20,000 acres of lemons four years

old or under, which would soon throw

an additional supply upon the market.

It would be necessary to increase the

consumption of lemons in the United

States and Canada from 75 to 100 per

cent within four or five years.



The California lemon growers are

well organized. They have had years

of hard experience in growing and

marketing citrus fruits. They selected

national advertising as the practicable

implement for increasing the consump-

tion of American lemons. Good adver-

tising, they logically reasoned, would

teach people the hundreds of useful

ways for employing this versatile fruit.

So the Exchange set aside $100,000, or

two cents per box, for its first year’s

campaign to make people use two lem-

ons where they formerly used one.



This was not their first experience

with advertising. Twenty years ago

when the state shipped 5,000 cars of

citrus fruits there was a great cry

about overproduction. Today 21 nor-

mal crop is 50,000 carloads. Six—sev-

enths of this is oranges.



From 1894 to 1914 while the popula-

tion of the United States increased 47

per cent the California citrus ship-

ments increased 724 per cent. During

this period Florida citrus shipments

increased 95.2 per cent and imports

26.6 per cent.



Under these conditions it is said that

F. .Q. Story, the Exchange president,

for ten years or more, rose regularly

at directors" meetings, when the com-

ing year’s policies were being settled,

and advocated advertising of oranges

to the consumer to increase consump-

tion, until by sheer persistence he got

an experimental appropriation and

demonstrated that he was right.



Probably this orange advertising

was the first big attempt to advertise

a perishable crop. And it made good.

It taught people to eat more oranges.

They got the orange habit. The fact

that this year the Exchange spent

$250,000 on its orange advertising. and

appropriated $100,000 to launch a lem-

on campaign, indicates how much im-

portance these men place upon con-

sumer demand as a factor in bringing

to them fair returns on their invest-

ment.



The California raisin growers faced

a similar situation. As they developed

raisin growing around Fresno they

reached a stage in which raisins could

no longer be produced at a profit.

Prices got down to one and one-half

cents and two cents, and some growers

were abandoning their farms—leaving

the fruit to rot on the vines. The

growers banded together through nec‘





 





 





 

 





3.-....





b if PERE III-IIIIIIIIII

l





“TIA 91.1.5"? E;





 





H ow there came





to bea





Pere Marquette Railroad





“As it stands today, the Road embraces 41 lines originally





entirely separate.





These lines gradually grew into three small





systems—the Flint 8c Pere Marquette in





i A FEW

FACTS





eastern Michigan; the Chicago 8: West

Michigan in western and the Detroit, Grand





Rapids & Western in the central part of the

state. These three systems were consolidated in 1900 to form





the Pere Marquette Railroad.





“The Pere Marquette Railroad didn’t ‘just happen’. It is

the result of a steady growth due to manifest need. The little

lines couldn’t furnish connected service—consolidation resulted.



Today we have through service to nearly all





AND A FEW





the principal cities of the state.

THOUGHTS Would we return to the



old order of things? Not

we! This Railroad is here today by virtue of the

efforts of some of the best men Michigan ever

had. We of this day cannot know of their struggles,

their determined perseverance, their sacrifices,

their indomitable courage and heroism. But the

bands of steel stand for all these.





 





“This is Michigan’s Railroad. It serves us in Michigan

principally, and it must be conserved in order that it may





continue to serve us as it should.





couragement.

securing adequate rates.





 





It needs your business.

These things will enable the Road to





It needs your word of en-





 





It needs your help in





so maintain itself as to guarantee its future on a basis which will

meet your transportation demands and promote the progress





and development of the state.





We are doing everything





possible to bring about this result. Are you doing your part?





Talk No. 2





05.44%?





Operating Receiver,

Pere Marquette Railroad.





W

III-VIIIIIIIII-IIIIIIIII





 





 





,~ think of it.





Locate in Virginia





Virginia Farms are selling now

for $25.00 per acre and up~adapted

to the growing of Corn, Alfalfa,

Fruits, Grains, Grasses and the pro-

duction of Beef and Dairy cattle.

One farm of 500 acres yielded its

owner a Hay crop of over 2, 000 tons

last year from Alfalfa alone. Lands

are advancing in value each year—

thousands of acres are waiting to

be tilled by the most progressive

methods of the day, to yield highly

profitable returns. Virginia claims

the finest apple growing section in

the world.



Come to Virginia—110w is the

time to buy. Healthful climate,

abundant rainfall, good water, pub-

lic schools and churches. Cheap

and quick t1ansportation to the

great Eastern markets enables you

to command highest prices for your

product's. Virginia offers the g1 eat-

est of opportunities for farmers and

investors.



Send for hand—book with map and

other literature telling about the op-

portunities to be had in the Old

Dominion. Write now—while you





G. W. KOINER





Slat. Commissioner of Agriculture

RICHHOND. VA.





 

   

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





9115 55755





FRHGHI 9ND EASl

0F HOLKIEE





Biggest Offer Yeti:





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“0%!" on the, mach-tot and broods!

or writo tor new 1916 catalog.

We Incubator Cm. lulu. Rocha. Win.





 





‘ For Sale:





 





"Die Profits In

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Big FREE 1916

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Describes Cyphers —i~<'.'«-' “we... \ a

Popular-priced In- _ ‘

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Ssizes. 20 yearsleader-

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CYPIIEISIICIIIATDI to. “In! 35 .IIfl||I.I.I.

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I72 PAGE

BOOK ON





 





 





Pou Ln" PAPER 44-124 PAGE periodical,

upsto-date: tells all you

want to know about care and management

. of poultry for pleasure or profit. Foul

months for 10 cents

POULT RY ADVOCATE. Dept 117.

Syracuse. N.Y.





BE E S PAY BIG PROFITS

Raise 1vlour own honey. We start

you rig in Send today for Boo 5 up-





ply catalog and

Sample copy of American Bea Journal.

Oldest Bee paper in America —- all

A. G. WOODMAN 60.. am. Is. Grand Rapids, Mlch.





 





 





We positively tench you at home by mail to can

no ‘50 “mainly as.l Chaufifur or liepaérman.

on: m

[40'me F011le [1). Write formmiiw':

fraction! Auto School, ss-w Beaver Street, New York





 





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your ideas. they may bring you we; th.





Wu 1110 for

Needed Inventions" and “How to 1’.

margin Mono y.‘ RANDOLPH " 05°u11paiiziii1i





ATTORNEYS. DEP'l. 67. WASHINGTON. D. C.





ABLE IDEAS WANTED. Manufacturers

1 want. Owen Patents. Send for 3 free





 





books; inventions wanted. etc. I help





. you market you im ention without charge.





RICHARD B. OWEN. 125 Owen Bldg" Washington, D. 0.





PATENTS 3.331: mifmif'a 1‘1““. q P“

. e or o e or- . earoh

BOOKS AND AD VICE

wagon E. Coleman, Patent Lawyer. Washingtonm. G





 





 





ANTED. Man to run grain and stock farm, must



be thoroughly competent: one with technical know-

ledge would be more favorably considered. Farm about

400 acres. near Detroit. 1VRplicatlon with references only

will be considered. BOX 212 In Care Michigan Former.





POST CARDI.

5 ert Cards for Dime. Five loc

G. P. wrxeso. . MAHONJICR

m





 





 





DOGS





? IOU“! F011 MINING—533.1“ fififgomblifm’i'

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W. I. LICKY. llo.





Thoroughbred Sable 11: White scotch collie

“puppiefi nature healers—Males





Females $8. J.ONES Sherwood. Michigan.
j, » ww..,,;.,_.gg‘._—;vmmgsw~





296—- 32





‘THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





 





 





HE Champion Guarantee is





“Ma/1111’ .VI/lifflc‘tlflfl to fire user





“dimer Bar. ”





 





hampl n





“TOLEDOMADEFORTHEWH/Qw /' PLDS TRADE





Dependable





VW'rite Your Own Guarantee





11 bro/we satnfaetzon to Me

user. Free repazr, replacement or your money barf.”



, If in your opinion that way of putting it does not afford

you every possible protection in buying Champion Spark Plugs,

write your own guarantee and forward it for our signature.

’makes you the judge of

our product, and if you are not absolutely satisfied, you have

30217” choice of three remedies FreeRepair,”





And always you are the counsel, judge and jury, all in

one, and there is no appeal from your verdict.



But such is the dependability of Champion Spark Plugs and

such is the thoroughness of our inspections, that our guarantee x ”1' %i"".75c

is scarcely ever brought to mind, except as we see it printed 1911 are equipped

on the cartons in which we pack our product.





Champion Spark Plug Co.,





 

 

 





 





”if“ 1mm 11





 

 





 





“Replacement” or





   





All Ford Cars since





at the factory with

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505Avondale Ave.,

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The McCallum Road Plane L





This implement is adapted for the maintenance of gravel and dirt roads. 'The

lever deilects the rear blade controlling the depth of the cutting blade which ellm- /





inatcs road \vaws, chuck holes and ruts. It is ten foot long. five feet wide and





Weighs four hundred lbs. drawn by two horses.





entire road at one operation drawn by four horses or tractor.





PONTIAC, MICHIGAN. >4





sold by l’atentee.





ANGUS McCALLU M,





 





Double ones right and left takes 4





M anufacturcd and ,1





 





WANTED- Honest, EnergeticMen





in every county to sell our his, line of goodsA direct to

farmers. L‘XPERIENC L‘ NOT NECESSA Y. We

fully instruct you. Farmers, laborers. mechanics. or any

men willing to work can ma kc





$1000 to $3000 a Year

handling our big sellers Exclusive territory given. We

furnish you the capital. You furnish the team to carry

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lars, giving age and occupation.





THE DUOFORM COMPANY,





Dept. 2. NorthJava, N Y.





 





ALSIKES5...





INVESTIGATE-nsnl and Che-pool Soodlng Known.

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bargain. Greatest hay and pasture combination grown.

Write for Free Sample 211111100 page catalog and circulate

describing this wonduful g1 ass mixture. Beats an thing

you can sow and min ulously (‘h( ap. We handle on y best

tested recleancd seed guarantet 11. Write before advance.



.A BERRY SEED CO. . Box Q31. Olarlnda, Iowa





We have the kind

vou used to sow.

Large, plump, blue

seed; over 99% pure





and high vitality.

Remember every ti\ o pounds of dead seed aiid

impurities to the bushol, adds $1. 00 to cost; also,

that the country is flooded with seed containing

five to fifteen pounds to the bushel that will not

grow





The C. E. DePuy Co."‘,’.'l§lfi°





Low Prlooo. Take no chances by sowing damaged

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Exclusive Field and or." Seed Guido with samples you

want rue. Address AMERICAN MUTUAL SEED Company.

Dept. 531 43rd and Robey St.,Chica1zo,Illinoia.





TIMOTHYI’E ALSYKE $14.5."





Bags extra at 20¢ each. Send us your order.

Young—Randolph Seed Co. Owosso. Michigan





 





 





 





 





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Waterloo, Iowa





 





, w.





ETZ FEED MILL





Self-Sharpening Silent-buhr





Grinds 1,000 to 3,000 Busbels Per





Saving 1n cost of grinding plates

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71.



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1., J LETZ MFG. co.

3105»! Road CROWN POINT. IND.

I..-----.------.----'





Write for Samples and Prices of





White Bonanza Seed Oats





One of the best varieties grown in Michigan.





i





1!!!!gli‘Jl-Illllnllu .





 

 

 





 





Young-Randolph Seed Co. Owosao. Michigan





essity—a factor which has compelled

successful organization in many agri-

cultural industries.



The raisin grower‘s’ selling organiza-

tion agreed to take a certain definite

fixed figure—I believe it was three and

one-quarter cents per pound—all the





raisins of those who joined the associ-





ation. They bought about eighty per

cent of the total crop, but found when

they came to sell it that they had

something like 10,000 tons left on their

hands.



Their crop was increasing with what

appeared to them alarming rapidity

and the danger was what to do when

a bumper crop came. They said, “We

are raising sixty to seventy-five thou-

sand tons now. What will we do when

we have a crop of 100,000 tons ?”



There was just one solution—make

people eat more raisins. Advertising

was the method.



In the fall of the first year, 1914,

they appropriated $100,000 for the

campaign, and in the spring showed

their faith by another appropriation of

$160,000.



They were not so much interested in

establishing their own label or taking

trade from other brands as in increas-

ing the consumption of raisins. They

wanted to sell their brand where none

was sold before, and they succeeded.



One outlet they went after was the

baking trade. They said, “Here, Mr.

Baker, we are going to advertise rais-

in bread. You can bake and sell it

and we will grow the raisins.” They

now have several thousand bakers

making raisin bread, and some of them

bake a thousand loaves a day. That

means each such baker takes annually

something like 16,000 ibs. of raisins.





If you drive around through the



fields of, Fresno it seems as though the

whole world would never use the

amount of raisins they are growing,

and when they tell you that this year

they expect. to pack 110,000 tons, you

feel sure they have an over-supply.

But 110,000 tons distributed over one

hundred million people means about

two pounds per capita. In England,

as a matter of fact, the average raisin

consumption is said to be five pounds

per person.

- The National Dairy Council, at its

first annual meeting in Chicago in No-

vember, 1915, gave as its object the

“promoting of the dairy cow and all

interests dependent upon her, through

cooperative and united effort.” It is

proposed to raise a fund of $150,000 to

$200,000 a year for a period of three

years to cover an advertising cam-

paign similar to that which proved so

successful in disposing of lemons, or-

anges, raisins and other foodstuffs.

The dairymen believe that the public

is losing sight of the advances made

in the dairy industry and the actual

food values which dairy products now

contain.



They must convince the public that

dairy products are pure, healthful and

safe to eat, that they are economical,

and that they possess high nutritive

value. And they must co-operate to

enforce regulations which will make

their products all that they are repre-

sented to be. They must, distribute

recipes showing new uses, publish edu-

cational matter showing why dairy

products are valuable foods and prove

to the consumer that such products

are derived and distributed under heal-

thy conditions.



The per capita consumption of milk

is something less than half a glass per

day; of butter less than one-twelfth of

a pound; of ice cream, about two tea-

spoons full; cheese .009 of one pound.



Take for analysis, the average

daily per capita consumption of

cheese. When weighed out. it is hardly

enough to bait one hole of a mouse

trap. A rough estimate of the retail

price realized for cheese produced in

this country shows that the consumer

pays $70,000,000 for cheese every year,



If the dairymen could induce every

person in this country to eat every day

a piece of cheese of sufficient size to

bait two holes to a mouse trap, it





 





FEB. 26, 1916.





would mean an increase of $70,000 in

the’ cheese business alone.



If, by telling people why they should

use more dairy products or how they

could use more, they could make ev-

ery person in this country consume

one-half glass of milk, one-twelfth of

a pound of butter, .009 of a pound of

cheese and two teaspoons of ice cream,

in addition to what they already eat,

it would increase the dairy business by

$635,000,000.



Incidentally, helping the milk, butter

or cheese industries would help the

dairy cow industry and that would ben-

efit every industry that is in any way

dependent upon the dairy cow.



A consumer demand, equal to or

greater than the supply of dairy pro-

ducts, would be the first essential in

achieving the above conditions.



Honey is being gathered, mixed,

packed, marketed and nationally ad-

vertised. Mingling the products of

many hives plus careful grading makes

uniformity possible. The shipper has

a uniform product of dependable grade

and a regular supply. He is ready to

call the public’s attention to his goods.



The Florida Citrus Fruit Exchange

is seeking to make people eat more

grapefruit and oranges—particularly

their own brands—through an adver-

tising campaign similar to that of the

California orange a11d.lemon growers.



Several brands of butter are being

placed on the market and advertised

in the face of conditions, not unlike

those under which honey is popular-

ized.



An association of northwestern ap-

ple shippers has concentrated its en-

tire appropriation on a campaign in

New York City. They are attempting

not only to make people want more

apples and more of their particular

brand, but they are striving to teach

them just when they should buy each

variety shipped under that label. They

realize that a satisfied customer is the

best advertising obtainable and that

buying the right variety at the right

time—that is, when that particular va-

riety is at its best—means maximum

satisfaction to him who eats it.





The California walnut growers are

striving to overcome certain difficul-

ties which are peculiar to their indus-

try by going direct to the consumer.

They pack walnuts in one-pound boxes

and tell people about them through

national advertising.



Long ago other industries realized

the value of consumer demand and

consumer good will. The manufactur-

er studied supply and demand while

the producer planted his orchards.



The necessity for a large consumer

demand is even greater with a perish-

able erop than a manufactured article.

The manufacturer can decrease his

factory output, but fruit and most per-

ishables are grown and matured regu-

larly, regardless of economic condi-

tions.



When the number of producers nar-

rows down to a few they restrict pro-

duction to what the consumers will

take, although not necessarily by

agreement. Each makes what he finds

he can sell, and the net result is re-

stricted production.



But when we come to conditions un-

der which our big crops of fruits and

perishables are produced, we find, In-

stead of a few hundred starters, thou-

sands of people engaged in the indus-

try. It is neither practicable nor de-

sirable to narrow this field to a few

people who control the industry. Now,

that means this: either the demand

must be stimulated to keep ahead of

the supply or else when the supply

catches the demand a disaster will ov-

ertake the industry. When the sup-

ply catehes the demand and there is

a little surplus distributed among

these thousands of producers, the lat-

ter get in a panic to sell and each en-

deavors to get from under the impend-

ing crash. The result is that prices

fall to where they only cover the cost

of distribution and nothing is left for

the growers.





Illinois. D. W. FRANCISCO.





 





A»
use. 26, 1916.





COLD STORAGE HOLDINGS OF

APPLE





 





The quantity of apples stored in

coolers, according to the Office of Mar-

kets, appears to be 14.8 per cent more

on February 1 this year than were

held on February 1, 1915. The bar-

reled apple holdings show an excess of

33.6 per cent over a year ago, while

boxed apple holdings are 25.2 per cent

below those of last year. Apples mov-

ed out of storage faster during the

month of January than in December.

At the end of January 27.3 per cent of

the December holdings had moved

from the coolers.





lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllII|llllll|llllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllll

Crop and Market Notes

Michigan.





Muskegon Co., Feb: 16.—Have from





10 to 11 inches of snow, and winter ,





grains are in fine condition. Farmers

have plenty of roughage but need more

grain. Stock mostly marketed. Very

few sheep here. Hens have started

laying. Not much maple syrup made.

Butter~fat 311/2c; eggs 28c; chickens,

alive 13c; dressed hogs 8c; beef 80;

wheat $1.25; corn 820; beans $3.25;

red kidneys $4; potatoes $1; hay $14

@15 per ton. .



Branch Co., Feb. 16.-——Not much

snow at present and ground is frozen

but no ice. W'inter grains look good.

Stock not doing well, there being a.

scarcity of grains. Much corn is spoil-

ing, some of it being unfit for feed.

Hens have started laying. Wheat is

$1.25; corn 65c; oats 42c; potatoes

600; eggs 20c; butter 250; butter-fat

30c.





Mecosta Co., Feb. 16.—There is some

snow. Fall. grains have suffered from

previous freezing and thawing. Not

much stock fed this winter, feed be-

ing scarce in some sections. Beans

are about sold and the potato outlook

is not so favorable as a short time

ago. They are now worth 75@800.

Some farmers are selling. Butter-fat

30c; eggs 350; hogs $7.50; fat cattle





$6 per cwt.

New York.





Orleans Co., Feb. 17.——We have a

heavy fall of snow and zero weather.

Winter grains in fairly good condition.

Farmers seem to have plenty of feed

for own use but none to sell. About

the average amount of feeding stock.

Fruit growers are somewhat discour-

aged, being unable to realize from their

stock in storage no higher prices than

were offered in the fall. Eggs are

abundant, bringing 250: milk 4140 per

quart, wholesale; potatoes $1; hay $18.



Niagara Co., Feb. 17.——There is now

enough snow for sleighing, though the

ground was bare for a long time, and

winter grains showed signs of heaving.

Grains nearly all disposed of. Hens

are laying some; eggs 28c; wheat is

$1.20; shellcdt corn 85c; pea beans

$3.50; red kidneys $4; hay $15@18.50.



Ohio.





Fairfield Co., Feb. 15.—-Ground has

been bare much of the winter and

wheat is in bad shape. Farmers have

plenty of feed for own use. Usual

amount of cattle and hogs fed, the lat-

ter being pretty well marketed now.

Hens are laying well. Eggs retail at

25@28c; butter 25@300; wheat $1.25;

com 700; oats 42c; potatoes $1; hay

$15; cattle $5@8; hogs $7.50.



Highland Co., Feb. 16.——Lack of snow

has damaged wheat and rye. Farmers

have plenty of roughage; cattle and

hogs nearly all sold. Hens are not

laying Well. Wheat $1.20; com 680;

oats 48c; beans $3.50; potatoes $1;

hay $15; cattle $6@8; hogs $7.50@8.



Minnesota.





Lyon Co., Feb. 15.—Weather severe

since first of January, and snow is

deep. Usual amount of stock is being

wintered. Public sales are well pat-

ronized and bidding is high. Seed corn

situation is serious. Butter-fat 300;

butter 25c; eggs 35c; oats 40c; wheat



- $1.20; hogs $7.50; cattle $6.

Nebraska.



Lincoln Co., Feb. 15.——Snow is prac-

tically gone and wheat is looking good.

Cattle are in good condition. A large

portion of fat cattle are marketed.

Hens are laying well; eggs 22c; cream

27c; wheat $1.12; cattle $7 @750; hogs

$7@7.25.



Smith Co., Feb. 12.——Wheat looking

well. Farmers have plenty of rough

feed. and are well supplied with stock





cattle; fat stock well marketed. Hens ‘





are laying a little at present. Milk 5

@7c per quart; butter-fat 27c; wheat

$1.12; corn 57c; potatoes $1.50; hogs

$7@7.40.





Otoc Co., Feb. 15.—Have had a cold , '-





steady winter with six inches of snow

at present. Wheat in good shape so

far. Not many cattle feeding in this

section. Feed is plentiful. Hens have

started laying. Butter 280; milk 60 a

quart; potatoes $1@1.25; hay, prairie

$5@6; alfalfa $7@8; cattle $60@100

per head; horses $100@225; corn 62c.





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Choice Virginia Farms

All!“ BHESM’ElKE 8!. OHIO BlllWll





At $15.00 an acre and u . Mild climate, fertile soil

abundant rainfall cheap obor. Convenient tog

markeuschools and churches. Write for free illustrated

booklet Country Life in Viginia" Address



K. 'r. dnawmr. Indus. Act., a: 0. mm.

Room 1022. - . - Richmond. Virginia





160 acre farm in Clinton C

FM 8“. h, ”In". Mich. Two miles from gooei

village and marksmone mile from our line, eight miles

from Lansing. Can be bought on easy terms (or

mufnllw Drlge aske‘dl fairgther'ingmssIln the same

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108 $0. SYCAIOBE STREET. H"





 





 





‘ FOR SALE: 33.3.1-“3i.il‘ii55.’éi§§$‘f“i;..i3.10.3





pasture easily cleared; burn 40316} It... full bilHt'Illt‘ni ,

tool shed 1‘): ill); good 10 room house, basement: \' nonl-





- shed; ice house; chicken coop; hog house; garage: 11)





ton silo; good Well; windmillnvuterin house and barn,

gas lighting plant for house and burn also gas range.



1.5 miles from county seat and 9 miles from railroad.

Unlimited free pasture available. Terms 350 per acre,

purtc-ash. Owner R. Shepard, Mio. Mich., R. l.





O O 0

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Fill' saie . 640 acres of good land in whole or in part:

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Forty acres good unclean-d l'lll(l i ‘\I t-

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For SIIO. moroni-y Count)" No buildings, small tini-

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144 I. STOCK FIRM. Hfileslhgf’”all? $53.11;

Terms. Others. Evans-Tinney 00., Fremont, Mich.





 





69 Acres for saleor rent. joining village, tomato

factorylerds. from farm. 30 mi. from Detroit.

Mrs. Carrie Waterl. Bellevllle, Mich.

GLADWIN 00. FARMS and Stock Ranches ay big



tundends, My new farm list 1'qu out,tells w y. It's

free. U. G. REYNOLDS. GLADWIN. MICE.





FOR SALE: 12) acre farm 110 acres cleared. 10 wood-

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John Higgins. Bumga. Mich.





—so A —a' ' -

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Barn. Price $4200.00 11 $1200 ash. fialance Ten





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gains rcent. Address Owner

men. Howell. Michigan.





Wa nt e d- 968°“ 33“" 1:9“ ““31

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work 196 acre farm on shares at. Ortonvillol,ml{iicl:



Apply J. F. WEHNFIL m'Pulford St" Detroit, Bitch.





 





 





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a





THE MICHIGAN FARME





7‘: ~— ."





‘ FEB. 26, 1916.





 





E lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllfl





~Markets. g

5





lll|lIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllll|IlIllllllll|llllllllllllll||llllllllllIlllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllll

GRAINS AND SEEDS.





E

E

EL





 





February 22, 1916.

Wheat—Although wheat values

show a heavy decline for Monday, the

average quotations for the past week

were on practically the same level as

those for the previous week. The mar-

ket has resolved itself into a proposi-

tion of getting the grain to European

countries. Whenever the opportunity

for export is restricted on account of

lack of cargo space, prices here sag,

and on the other hand, any increase

in ocean transportation facilities al-

lows prices to jump up. Values in Eng-

land were the highest last week they

have been since the Franco-Prussian

war in 1871, and are ruling about 75c

above American seaboard prices. Ar-

gentine Republic has advised its farm-

ers to hold their wheat, stating that

European needs will require all the

available product regardless of the

price consideration. Crop news in this

country suggests that much damage

has already been done by exposure, es-

pecially iii the southern wheat grow-

ing states. Primary receipts are lib-

eral although the visible supply shows

a decrease of 2,269,000 bushels. One

year ago No. 2 red wheat was quoted

at $1.531/2 per bushel. Last week’s

Detroit quotations were:

No. 2 No. 1

Red. White.

Wednesday .....1.321/2, 1.271/2 1.36

Thursday .......1. 2 1 27





Friday .. . . . . . .1.321/2 1327M, 1.36

Saturday . . . . . . .1.31 1.26 134%

Monday . . . . "1.27% 1.22% 1.30





Chicago.—-—No. 2 red wheat $1.25@

1.27%; May $1.245/8; July $1.203/2 per

bushel.



Corn—Corn has been coming to the

market freely, which with a poorer

eastern demand and the depressing in-

fluence of the wheat trade, caused a.

liberal decline in quotations since last

Friday. The visible supply increased

2,241,000 bushels last week. A year

ago No. 3 corn was quoted at 73c per

bushel. Last week’s Detroit quotations





were:

No. 3 No. 3





Mixed. Yellow.

Wednesday ......... 4 76

Thursday 74 76

Friday .............. 74 76

Saiurday coo-cocoa... 73 75

Monday 72 74





Chicago—No. 4 yellow corn 68@

71140; May 767/30; July 767/30.



Oats.—The demand for oats is only

moderate, which with a fair volume of

stocks, permitted values to decline

with those of corn and wheat 011 the

bearish market Monday. The visible

supply is 341,000 greater than a week

ago. Primary receipts have been fair-

1y liberal. One year ago standard oats

Were quoted at 581/30 per bushel. Last

week’s Detroit quotations were:





No. 3

Standard. White.

Wednesday 51 50

Thursday 51 50

Friday 51 50

Saturday . . . . . ....... 50 49

Monday ............. 481/2 471/2





Chicago.-———Standard oats 45%@

4714c; May 461/20; July 44340 per bu.



Rye.——Market is quiet with N0. 2 at

$1, or 10 below last week’s price.



Barley.—Values are easier with

malting at Milwaukee quoted at 68@

74c and at Chicago 66@75c.



Beans.»~The demand for beans is

active, offerings small and local prices

are 2@5c higher. Immediate, prompt

and February shipment $3.65; March

$3.67. At Chicago prices ruled steady

with pea beans, hand-picked, at $3.80

@3.85; prime choice $3.65@3.70; red

kidneys $5.20@5.40.



Peas—At Chicago the market is

quoted at $2.40@2.50 for field peas,

sacks included.



Clover Seed—Higher; prime spot

$13.30: March $12.50: prime alsike $10.

At Toledo prime cash $13.271/2; prime

alsike $10.



Timothy Seed.—Prime spot $3.80 a

bushel.





 





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Flour.-——Jobbing lots

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs, as follows: Best

patent $7; seconds $6.70; straight

$6.50; spring patent $7; rye flour $6.



Feed—In 100-Ib. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $26; standard middlings

$25; fine middlings $30; cracked corn

$33; corn and oat chop $29 per ton.



Hay.—No. 1 timothy, $18.50@19;

standard timothy $17.50@18; light

mixed $17.50@18; No. 2 timothy $15

@16; No. 1 mixed $14@15; No. 1 clover

$10@13.



Chicago—Choice timothy $18@

18.50; No. 1 do. $15.50@16 50; No. 2

$13.50@14.50.





in one-eighth b





DA’IRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





 





Butter.——Trade rules firm with p'ric-

es for best grades 11/20 higher. Extra

creamery 32c; firsts 310; dairy 210;

packing stock 180.



Elgin. The demand is good for all

kinds, including storage stock. The

receipts of extras is not equal to the

demand. Prices are 11/20 higher. Bas-

ed on sales prices are 330.



Chicago—The business is good for

all grades. Extras are in demand and

bring premium prices. Receipts are

light and are not held long. Extra

creamery 321/20; extra firsts 31@320;

firsts 271/2@300; extra dairies 310;

packing stock 19@19%c.



Eggs—Buying in small lots prevails

because it is expected that the mild

weather will bring lower prices. Cur-

rent receipts are quoted at 220; can-

dled firsts 221/20.



Chicago—Mild weather had a weak-

ening effect on the market. Prices

are about 11/20 lower than last week.

Buyers are only taking small quanti-

ties. Firsts 22@221/20; ordinary firsts

21@211/gc; miscellaneous lots, cases

included 20@22%c; refrigerator stock

12%@15c, depending on quality.



Poultry—Increased receipts have

caused easier feeling but prices remain

unchanged. Turkeys 16@17c; spring

turkeys 21@220; fowls 14@180, ac-

cording to quality; spring chickens

161/;3@18C; ducks 18@190; geese 17@

18c per pound.



Chicago—A moderate demand exists

on local account and the feeling is

fairly firm. Many poor and thin geese

are coming and are hard to sell. Tur-

keys, young and old 12@190; fowls





- 111,é@151/2c; springs 17c; ducks 15@





17c; geese 10@150.

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





Apples.—-Apples are moving freely

and offerings are ample. Greenings

$2.50@3.50; Spys $3.50@4; Baldwins

$3@3.50; Steel Red $4@4.50. At Chi-

cago the movement is somewhat freer.

Quality is only fair and peddlers are

the chief buyers. N0. 1 Greenings are

$2.75@3 per bbl; Jonathans, No. 1 $3.50

@4; Baldwins $3@3.25; Wagehers

$2.25@2.75; Spys $3@3.75.



Potatoes—Steady and in fair sup-

ply. Carlots on track, white and red

$1@>1.05 per bushel. At Chicago the

market ruled quiet. Concessions are

being made by handlers to stimulate

trade. Michigan whites are selling at

88@92c per bushel. Other kinds sell

from 80@920.





 





WOOL AND HIDES.





 





Wool.——-A stronger undertone is de-

veloping in the wool trade with prices

holding firm to higher. England has

placed an absolute embargo on East

India wools, thus curtailing supply to

the advantage of holders. Domestic

offerings are in greater demand with

fleeces in partied rly small supply.

Quarter—blood Ohio unwashed wools

sold at Boston at 390 last week; half-

bloods 360, with the corresponding

Michigan grades at 36@37c and 32@

330 respectively.



Hides.—~No. 1 cured 161/20; do. green

140; No. 1 cured bulls 13c; do. green

10c; No. 1 cured calf 210; do. green

200; No. 1 horsehides $4.50; No. 2

$3.50; No. 2 hides 10 lower than the

above; sheepskins, as to amount of

wool, 50c@$2.





GRAND RAPIDS.





 





Potatoes have sold here at 70@80c

during the past few days and the buy-

ing price at Greenville and other load-

ing stations is around 750. White pea

beans are also worth less just now,

with quotations at $3.10. Fresh eggs

are bringing 20@21c and No. 1 dairy

butter is quoted at 23c. Grain prices

at the mills are as follows: No. 2 red

wheat $1.25; oats 500; rye 85c; corn

75c; buckwheat 75c. '





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





 





Only a moderate amount of business

for the season was transacted Tuesday

morning. Cabbage was selling freely

at 60@65c per bushel; apples moved

slowly at 800@$1.50 per bushel; car.-

rots $1.25; potatoes 900@$1.20; pars-

nips 70((1‘800; new rhubarb 15@250 a

unch; green onions eight bunches for

250. Hay is moving slowly at $18@22

per ton. '





 





LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo.



February 21, 1916.

(Special Report of Dunning and Stev-



ens, New York Central Stock



Yards, Buffalo, N. Y.)

Receipts here today: Cattle 171

cars; hogs 100 d. d.; sheep and lambs

48 d. d.; calves 1000 head.



With 171 cars of cattle heretoday

the market was very slow, the choice





 





 





tidy shipping cattle selling mostly

steady to 100 lower, but the light and

plain cattle sold very mean and bulk of

them went 10@25c lower. There was

a good healthy trade in the cow mar-

ket and also the bulls. We look for a

fair run of cattle here next Monday

and a steady trade.



Our hog trade was rather slow at

the opening and prices generally 50

lower on the best grades, while pigs

were extremely dull and fully a quar-

ter lower than Saturday’s best time.

Bulk of the sales were around $8.60, a

few selected lots a little more; pigs

generally $7.75, with light quotable as

high as $8.25; roughs $7.50@7.60;

stags $5@6. About everything sold

that arrived in time for market and

the outlook for the next few days, full

steady.



Market was active on sheep and

lambs today and prices 50 higher than

the close of last week. All sold and

we look for steady prices the balance

of the week.



We quote: Lambs $11.50@11.75;

cull to fair $8@11.40; yearlings $8.50

@1025; bucks $4.50@7; handy ewes

$8.25@8.50; heavy ewes $8@8.25;

wethers $8.75@9.25; cull sheep $4.50

@7; veals, good to choice $11.75@12;

common to fair $8@11; heavy $6@9.





 





Chicago. ‘

February 21, 1916.



. Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Receipts today..17,000 57,000 14,000

Same day 1915..12,012 39,189 8,924

Last week ...... 40,621 251,528 76,134

Same wk 1915..38,322 219,285 52,441



Shipments from here last week were

10,192 cattle; 54,642 hogs, and 16,983

sheep, comparing with 12,949 cattle;

67,978 hogs, and 14,315 sheep a week

earlier, and with 7,336 cattle; 24,455

hogs, and 2,580 sheep a year ago. Hogs

marketed here averaged 206 lbs.



This week opens with a small Mon-

day cattle supply and firm to 100 high-

er prices, while hogs are firm to 5c

higher at $7.65@8.40. Sheep and lambs

are unchanged.



Cattle were marketed much less lib-

erally last week than a week earlier,

as the glutted condition of the market

at that time brought about reductions

of 25@4OC per 100 lbs. in most descrip-

tions. This fall in prices made most

stockmen less eager to hurry their

cattle to market, and supplies offered

for sale were so materially lessened

that the decline was speedily recover-

ed. There was not much trading in

steers last week below $7 or above

$8.75, with sales of the best class of

heavy steers at a range of $9@9.65

and a sale of five head of prime steers

that averaged 1,618 lbs. from the Uni-

versity of Illinois at $10.25. The com-

moner class of thin steers of light

weight sold for $6@7.45, with a medi-

um grade of steers taken at $7.50 and

upward and steers that passed for

good at $8.25 and" upward. The best

yearling steers received brought $9,

with no prime ones offered. But‘cher-

ing cows and heifers had a good out-

let on the basis of $5@7.40 for cows

and $5@8.75 for heifers, with compar-

atively few fat little yearling heifers

going as high as $8. Cutters sold at

$4.15@4.95 and canners at $3@4.10,

whiles sales took place of bulls at, $5

@725. Calves sold during the week

at a range of $4.50@11.25, with a late

top at $11. Weakness was developed

in the cattle trade on Thursday, and

prices lost 10@15c of their early gains,

with local packers apparently stocked

up and shippingorders lacking. Dur-

ing the entire week there was a poor

market for Illinois dairy

many of these cows have been con-

demned on post-mortem recently, but

sound Wisconsin dairy cows had a

fair outlet. The university $10.25

steers were Shorthorns of fancy finish

and had been used in the class work

at the college. Above $9 there was a

slim showing of cattle. Limited sales

were made of stock cattle at $6@7.25.

The outlet for this class of cattle has

caused them to sell 40@500 higher,

with four states, Illinois, Pennsylvan-

ia, Delaware and Michigan ready to

accept Chicago stock. Illinois requires

that stock going out must be held in

quarantine 21 days and be inspected.



Hogs made another high record for

the winter packing season last week,

with a top at $8.50, the local and ship-

ping demand being extremely good;

most of the hogs sold brought over

$8, prime heavy shipping barrows go-

ing the highest and prime light ship-

ping hogs at prices not much below

them. Recent receipts have averaged

in weight 203 lbs., comparing with 199

lbs. a week earlier, 223 lbs. one year

ago and 221 lbs. two years ago. Ex-

tremely liberal runs of hogs are apt

to show up at the opening of the week,

and nearly 80,000 hogs reached here

on Monday last week. Pigs failed to





. sell as well as a week earlier. The





week closed with sales of heavy pack-

ing hogs at $7.95@8.30, the best heavy

shipping and butcher hogs at $8.30@

837%, light bacon hogs at $7.60@

8.12%, light shipping hogs at $8.15@

8.30, and pigs at $5.50@7.35.





cows, as.





It 'is not possibleto maintain prices

for fat lambs, yearlings and sheep at

their highest quotations all the time,

but even on sharp reactions, prices

are still far higher than in any for—

mer winter. The opening of the feed-

er outlet is an important feature, feed-

ling lambs selling last week at $10.35@

10.40, the highest prices ever paid in

the Chicago market for lambs to go

out to feed lots, and standing more

than $2.50 per 100 lbs. higher than the

best price paid for feeders in 1914.

The week’s close saw lambs selling at

$8@11.50, yearlings at $8.50@10.10,

wethers at $7.25@8.50, ewes at $4.50

@825 and bucks at $5.50@6.75. '



Horses were plentiful last week and

in good local and shipping demand at

about recent prices, with liberal pur-

chases of horses for the French army.

Farm workers were offered at $90@

150, while inferior animals went as

low as $50@75. Drafters were salable

at $200@285, according to wei ht and

_quality, with few choice enoug to go

over $240. Desirable chunks brought

$165@220, and a few pairs of big hors«

es sold at $500@540.





 





NOTICE TO BEAN GROWERS.





_The Michigan Bean Growers’ Asso-

ciation will meet Thursday, March 2,

1916, at the Agricultural College dur-

ing the week of the Round-up Insti-

tute. Important plans for this next

year’s crop will be discussed—Jae. N.

McBride, State Market Director.





 





 





BOOK NOTICE.





“The Marketing of Farm Products,”

by Dr. L. D. H. Weld, of Yale Univer-

sity, formerly of the University of Mine

nesota. This book aims to set forth

the fundamental principles of market

distribution as applied to agricultural

products. The author has attempted

to describe the marketing conditions

as they are, and has made no effort

to propose any definite or comprehen-

sive program for improvement. He

believes that investigations of market-

ing practices have not proceeded far

enough as yet to make such a program

possible. The book is divided into 21

chapters which cover, in an unpreju-

diced manner, the whole range of mar—

keting factors. It contains 480 pages

and can be secured through the Mich-

igan Farmer office at $1.50 per copy.

Published by the Macmillan Company,

New York City.





 





The British government plans to

take over all the large distillery prop-

erties and turn them into munition fac~



ories. '





 





Michigan Butter and Egg Shippers’

Association will meet in Detroit Feb-

ruary 29, at Hotel Statler.





 





 





Forage Crop





All Michigan farmers interested in for.

age crops should have a copy of our new

spring catalo ue which gives valuable

information a out Sweet Clover, Sudan

%ass, Cow Peas and Soy Beans, Alfalfa,



inter Vetch, etc. Write toda . A

postal card will bring it to you ree of

charge. Address





Alfred J. Brown Seed Gompan ,





Grand Raplds, Mlch. and please mentlon the "ch1. armor





nurus B. HOLMES (To.





High and Riopelle Sts. Detroit, Mich.





Commission Merchants





 





 





 





 





Poultry, Live or Dressed, Dressed Hogs, Calves,

Sheep and Eggs. Reference. Peninsular Savings

Satisfaction Guaranteed.

Ship your good quality to us.

L Highest. Market Prlces.

OUR NEW LOCATION—

623-625 Wabuh Bldg., Pittsburgh. Pa-

Ti I‘I FIART’S'I‘TiTi COMMISSION 00., Union Stock

Yards, ’I‘oledn, 1)., Sell live stock on commission,

market, force of six looks after yo u 1' Interest.

Financially backed by over $1,000,000.

Market Quotation day of arrival delivered here, and

will pay premiums whenever possib 8.





Bank. Sullivan I’m-king Co. Shipments Solicited.

Fl. . Richmond Co., Detroit.

HA

Daniel McCaffrey’s Son: Co.

get highest prim-s and best fills. Try them. Daily

WE WILL PAY THE HIGHEST OFFICIAL DETROIT

American Butter 3: Cheese Co.. Detroit. Mich.





 





SAVE MONEY UNLIMDING





Save 'the expense of men and teams in unload.

ing hay, grain, pulling timbers, ..

elevating ice. drilling. divgmg, etc..

with an IRELAND HOIST.



100 uses on each farm. Guaranteed

everywny. Free circulars. Ireland

Machine 8: Foundry Co.. 33 State

St. 'Norwich. N.Y. Also mfgrs. of

drag and wood sun, mills, etc.





 





. Write W. A. Ewalt. Mt. Clemens.Mlohlgan

For SI". for those pure bred, Sable and white Scotcli

Collie Puppies, natural heelers from trained stock.





 





AG'IC egg tester tells hatchable eggs before incubat-

ing. 1 year trial guarantee. White and Brown Ieghom

our: $3.50 per 100. Catalog tree. Welday, M. F. Seville, 0.
I





'2





 





FEB. 26, 1916. /"





Lump Limo. Hydrated

”me or Ground Stone.

We sell our lime under this

brand because farmers who

try it once want to buy the

same quality again. The Tiger Brand

guarantees strength and uniformity.



There is a dealer near you who sells Tiger Brand.

Write for his name and our FREE Lime Book.





THE KELLEY ISLAND lIME &TRANSPDRT co...

”1 leader Bldg. Cleveland, Ohio





_A_skForv '

TigriBraml _





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





FRESH FROZEN

Winter Caught Herring





We will deliver at your

. . ~ door by parcel post



" pounds of dressed and

scaled herring, ready for

the frying pan for





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





.

01' I2 pounds Round herring for

g. or 7 pounds smoked herring ready to eat for

$1 00 Three boxes for $2.75. Fish

‘ Guaranteed to arrive in ood

condition. Offer good to April Ist. good

, money order or check. Do It Now!





The Ranney Fish Co.,

West 11th St., Cleveland,&l





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





New Method-Learn To

Play By Noto— Piano.

‘ Organ. Violin. Banjo.



Mandolin, Guitar, Cornet.

Harp ’Cello or to sing.

Specml Limited Olfer of free

weeklylessons. You payonly

for music and postage.which

is small. No extras. Begin-

ners or advanced pupils.

Everything illustratedplain.

simple. systematic. Free lec—

lures each course. 16 years'

success. Start at once. Write

for Free Book let'l‘oday—Now

U. 8. SCHOOL OF MUSIC. Box 270

225 Fifth Avenue. New York City





STEEL IAIITLE BIIBIIERS ARE THE BEST

increase your Lamp and Lantern

ight Three Times. No Smoke. No





 

 





 





Odor. Fit Common Kerosene Lamps

and Tubular Lanterns. Every urn-

er Fully Guaranteed. If Your Deal-

er Doesn't Keep Them Send His

Name and Add ress and yourName and

Address and 350 for a Sample or $1.00

for 3 sizes Local County and State

Agents Wanted. ’VVrite for Free Per-

ticulars Today. The Season la 11.

Now Is The Time To Sell Them.



The Steel latte light to. 330 linen St. lolcdo, 0.





Millions of Trees

PLANTS, VINES, ROSES, ETC.





The older-at,~ largest and most. complete nursery in

Michigan. Send for catalog. Prices reasonable.





I. E. lLGENFRITZ’ SONS CO.,

Tho MONROE NURSERY. Monroe. filch





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Plant Trees Grown at





If you want vigorous, hardy stock, if you want reliable

varieties. if you want reasonable prices llllll sutisfac-

tion with your purchase, send for a. catalog and secure

your trees and p an s





in: MlCllIiiAtNmiillllSEllY comm“





Winkworth & Sons. onroe. Michigan.

Growers for Sixty-seven Years.





AUGUSTA BASKET COMPANY





{Manufacturers of

Best (111M133: li‘i'uit

‘ Packages. B as l: e ts,

, (rates. etc.



' Write for 1916 Pitta.-



log and price. list,



Augusta, Mich.

Box 52.





 

 

 





."‘ l.

“BASSVVOOD o ARTS”





Pedigreed Oats:





Worthy. Alexandorand other varieties, bred by the

Michigan Agricul. lll‘ill (lolletzo. best of hundreds of

\ mimics tested. Grown in M icliiguu and adapted to

.\Il(‘llll.laln conditions. Reported upon by farmers as

follows: “The oats produced 8', bushels per acre, best

3 il-ld in township." ”Your pedigreed oats have ll wry

st iii straw and are good yit-lders.” “ 'ere far hotter

than ill) on ll \ urn-t) .” “Best crop we have had in ten

yours." "iii-st. \ve ovt-r grow.” lift. “’i‘ife to Secretary

Mich. Experiment Association, East Lansing. Mich.





 





 





100 A ‘ 2 year, 4 to Sit. high—«ideal size for

PG Orchard P.ant2ng. timid for Fri-v (‘zitzu



I m: Applt', l’czn', l’i-au' 1. Gin-rm} Plum, Small

lee: 1".ull. Urnaimoiitnl l'."-"P.s, [lows and Shrubs.

810 Buy direct ofgrower~0ne-lia.fagent's prices.

Denton. Williams 8: Dentnn, Wholesale

NurseriusJJ‘r \VJVilll‘dmiW





WHITE SWEET CLOVER





J

Snooiallv treated for quick ermination

lso Fancy M lum ammoth.

Alsike and Alfalfa Clover-s, Timothy

S , Winter Veteh, etc: Ask for

samples and special price list. Young:-

Randolph Seed Co., Owosso, Mich.





' Finest and Best Plants Grown.

Its All kinds, also Farm Seed. etc.

1200 Acres. 401iago Catalog Free,

Box F, New Curl-ale, Ohio.





 





 





Small Fru

W. N. SCARFF,

—2 .f .00. r . .. ’ .f

Gram Vim 500:2.66.é’firigwbed‘l’51125731251233;

free. Woodbine Nllv‘flerh‘fl. Gonnvn. n,





1





Th C B! 0 . ' .



120 bu. . or acre tio‘ii oii-i'c‘es grid shin Ilgsi‘i'iig,

unoflown Btoolr‘ii‘arm, Flat Roe , Mich.



SWEET CLOVER SEED. Wbiflfgmfinglefiggfe





$91” bu. of601b. R. E. PURDY, Falmouth, Ky.





.. 2.... d- h..- m... 4... ...mu....4“m





THIS .IS THE LAST EDITION.





The first edition is sent to those who

have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets. The late market edi-

tion will be sent on request at any

line.





 





DETROIT LIVESTOCK MARKET.





Thursday Market.

February 24, 1916.

Cattle.



Receipts 2278. There was another

heavy run of cattle at the local yards

this week, but in all other departments

the receipts were far below those of

a. week ago. Most of the roads gave

satisfactory service but the Michigan

Central fell behind and there is a good

chance for improvement in their ser-

vice, which it is hoped Will be rem-

edied.



The cattle trade was; dull and every-

thing but (runners and bulls were his

230, low-or than they were a. week ago

and on W ednesday quite a large num»

ber went over unsold at dark, the de-

mand for stockcrs and feeders was

dull, but speculators took hold freely

and helped out wonderfully. The close

on Thursday was dull at the decline.



Milch cows of quality were scarce

and the few offerings brought strong

last week’s prices. Common grades.

dull. Best heavy steers $7.50; best;

handy weight butcher steers $6.50@7;

mixed steers and heifers $6@6.25; han-

dy light butchers $5.50@5.75; light

butchers $5@5.25; best cows $5.50@

5.75; butcher cows $4.75@5; common

cows $4.25@4.50; canners $3@4; best

heavy'bulls $5.50@6.25; bologna bulls

$5.25@5.50; stock bulls $4.50@5; feed-

ers $6@6.75; stockers $5@6.25; milk-

ers and springers $40@ 80.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Mich. B. Co»

5 butchers av 831 at $6.50, 5 cows av

1120 at $5.50, 2 bulls av 1625 at $5.75,

1 canner wgh 1010 at $4.25; to Sulli-

van P. Co. 7 steers av 907 at $6.70, 5

butchers av 850 at $5.40; to Thompson

Bros. 11 steers av 1074 at $7.25; to

Hammond, S. & Co. 20 do av 933 at

$7.85, 5 do av 800 at $6.50, 2 do av

1040 at $8; to Bray 17 cows av 1007 at

$5, 4 do av 800 at $4.25, 1 do wgh 1150

at $6, 1 do wgh 860 at $3; to Parker,

W. & Co. 1 bull wgh 1590 at $5.75; to

Sullivan P. Co. 3 cows av 920 at $4.50,

3 do av 1060 at $5.60, 1 heifer wgh 790

at $6.60, 8 steers av 991 at $7.10, 1 COW

wgh 1190 at $5.75; to Breitenbeck 8

steers av 1000 at $7.10, 4 cows av

1000at $5.50, 1 do wgh 1050 at $4.50;

to Bresnahan 8 do av 900 at $4.50, 11

do av 1066 at $4.75, 1 bull wgh 1400 at

$6; to Hammond, S. & Co. 1 steer wgh

680 at $6, 9 do av 724 at $6.15, 1 do

wgh 850 at $7.50, 4 cows av 900 at

$4.15; to Bray 4 cows av 840 at $4, 2

do av 750 at $5.50, 4 do av 1100 at

$5.65, 8 do av 944 at $4.25; to Sullivan

P. Co. 20 steers av 1073 at $6.85, 16 do

av 1162 at $7.35, 3 do av 917 at $6.50,

6 cows av 902 at $5, 3 do av 1070 at

$5.75, 6 do av 1123 at $5.50, 2 do av

990 at $4.25.



Reason S; S. sold Thompson Bros. 4

bulls av 1330 at $5.75, 2 butchers av

885 at $5.50, 7 do av 500 at $5.90; 10

Sullivan P. Co. 7 cows av 990 at $5.80,

1 cow wgh 1370 at $5.25; to Nagle P

Co. 8 steers av 872 at $7.10; to Bray

1 cow wgh 1070 at $4, 7 do av 1040 at

$5.60, 1 steer wgh 1500 at $6.75; to

VVyness 10 do av 938 at $7.50, 3 do av

903 at $6; to Newton 13. C0. 3 cows av

1003 at $4, 4 do av 1072 at $5.75; to

Dunne 1 steer wgh 1130 at $6.75; to

Bragg3 9 cows av 955 at $4, 3 do av 983

at .



Veal Calves.



Receipts 847. Good veal calves sold

about the some as on Vv'ednesday 01'

last week; one 01' two small bunches

Iot' extra fancy brought $12, but bulk of

the good went at $11@11.50. Common

aniloheavy grades were very dull at $7

@ - ,



Haley & M. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

2 av 105 at $9, 20 av 145 at $12; to

Hopp 2 av 300 at $7.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts 3055. The supply of sheep

and lambs was very light and the qual-

ity common. the few good ones bring-

iiig $11 per ch. The demand [or good

grades was strong and many more

could have been disposed of at good

prices. Dost. lambs $11; fair do $10@

10.50; light to common lambs $8.50@

9.50; yearlings $10; fair to good sheep

$6@7.50; culls and common $5@5.50.



Sandel, 8., B. & G. sold Thompson

Bros. 8 lambs av 50 at $5.50, 13 sheep

av 95 at, $5.50, 2 do av 90 at $7, 14

lambs av 65 at $10.3 .



Bigelow sold Sullivan P. Co. 10





$10.60.

Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co.





$10, 8 do av 65 at $10.50.





ogs.



Receipts 7593. The hog trade was

active and good grades were fully 25c

higher than they were a week ago, or

strong at VVednesday’s prices. Heavv

grades $8.45@8.50; light and mixed $8

@830; good pigs $ .25@7.65; light

thin pigs $6.50@7.





 





 





THE ,MICHIGAN F'ARMER





 





lambs av 55 at $8.50, 40 do av 65 at!





5 lambs av 85 at $7, 28 do av 75 at“





 





\





 

 

   

 

 





Illustration

One-third

of actual

size





We (Ave Y_0.u.. ,

This Fine Leather ,5

Tobacco Pouch '





Every smoker appreciates a leather to-

bacco pouch. This handy, serviceable,

Tuxedo Draw-Pouch is made of fine,

soft, flexible tan leather, with a draw-

string and snap that close pouch tight

and keep the tobacco from spilling.





Send uds 10c and your tobacco dealer’s

name, an .we will mail you prepaid, anywhere in U. 8., a 10 t' f

TUXEDO and this handsome Leather Draw-Pouch. W: gladly

make this offer to get you to try TUXEDO.





The Perfect Pipe Tobacco

TUXEDO is the 'one tobacco that





every man can smoke all day long, the

year ’round, With the greatest enjoyment

and comfort.





Because the exclusive ”Tuxedo

Process” makes TUXEDO so delight-

fully mild and free from all trace of



bite”, that TUXEDO cannot irritate

the most sensitive throat or tongue.





Convenient, glossine wrap- 5

pod moisture-proof pouch c





Famous green tin with gold

lettering, curved to fit pocket 1 06

In Tin Humidorr, 40c and 80:





' SD; E



~ CIA pAR



rOR [LY DRE T In Glau Humidor: 50 d 0

i , "‘jlp..E\&ClG£«RE/fi , c an 9 I





, ...

Wlt'u.tc¢..xnu.1v 1‘3

; "" i a V " ‘ ;= . ”0,,





‘9‘? wattlmman' :





THE AMERICAN TOBACCO COMPANY





 





 





 





 





111 Fifth Ave., New York City Room 1199

“Low and “ y y “HARD to

£3350 The Guarantee Spreader $5.43





Hos acquired a national reputation for spreading LIME.

(Jilflll‘hi) LlM ESTUNK. commercial fertilizers. and etc-

’1}ll'l (H AliAN'l‘lCE SPREADER will pay for itself by

properlyjihplylllg one car of these expensive fertilizers,

lav 3N L1. and has more good points than an) otlwrsprend-

er on the market.





WRITE FOR





FREE





CATALOG





 

   





The special patented features such

- as our spidor—tmangle-steel-

‘ _ blade-force feed. and spread-



:, iiig attachment that will

i s iread evenly or sow in rows.



111' exclusive shifting clutch

quit-kl)" throws machine in





 

 





   





 

 





 





., lgtnd out of gear 'l'rom shut and



' is it n-nl 1180655”) for riil'lllll,



- - 7 , material. (lolliplvii'i) vq. ap—

, . , l ' pod With accui'niv acirviuurk,

“ n— . . ’ .3“ x k . indivn‘. 'r, sun-cu, litl, wot, lli‘t'li'

mil (173$ . [m 0.4;: Ml“? LA“ yoke double and single-irons.





   





NO hing extra tobuy. \‘l'l'l l'AY

Flil-ZlUlll‘. A dependable spreader





Write us today for catalog. in will save you money. t 10w me

a. a p ' .





Guarantee Manufacturing 00., Dept. 853. Baltimore, Md.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Milking Time Cut In Half

Cleaner Milk—Double Profits





Instead of eight cowx, you 01‘ your hii'e'd man

can milk 13 to 3;) iii [ductically ilie same time

and without getting tired over the job. More—



()voi' you ('2lll xvii?" tlu- lust l'mv (mus just ilh (‘lcnn llllll



good as the Iii‘st if you kll‘L‘ Using a





‘ H inman Milker Outfit





’l‘lniusangs are already 1doing; it and they tell us they

“ll 10d t ey had i‘t-alizw voars before how <llll])l” tlic ' -



, . . . Alltr ll ~ d < .. - ..

11111071411171. was ti) ()Dt‘l'attl and (5198.11. Willibfiligii‘l. 1:31;; “:2; ggggEZi'fglcotlligshtiling/if





LHlNil/llibl MILKING MACHINE CO., 74-84 Elizabeth St., Oneida, N. Y.





T





 

 

 

 





 





, OUR FREE CATALOGUE

\\_’lII toll you and slum by pictures how

simple the [human Millmi's (ire—how

they do the work—why the lilllli is so mun-h

cleaner and how they will increaseyuur profits.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Ensley sags —

save money on





Before you put up that fence—or do that roofing or painting job, get Ensley's Free

logs—one on each subiect. ou absolutely can't aflord to buy anywhere before

you study these books—greatest ever issued on Fence, Paint and Rooting.





ENSLEY’S PRICE IS RIGHT





Quality too. Enormous output makes attractive rioes. Bi stock.

Prompt delivery. You get yvhat you want when youpwant it. Ontolop

give you complete information—many helpful suggestions. You always

eta square deal from Ensley. Send a postal now—specify which



“grins you want—Fence, Paint or Roofing.





N THE F. 8. mar CO. 262 min Ill!" IETIIII’, Ilfll.
at-..





5 ‘:-.. mini» rich-W‘-





 





Solid con-

struction and

good style give

to Honorhilt

Shoes their well

earned reputa-

tion for quality.

For comfort and

Wear they have

no equal no mat-

ter what you pay.





110111093111





SHOES





Materials are the choicest; work-

manship' ls high grade. A trial will





All Stylet





convince you that they are





the best money ’s worth you





ever secured in footwear.





WARNING—Always look for the Mayer A"





Ask your dealer.





Men’s





name and trade mark on the sole. If your

dealer cannot supply you, write to us.





We make Mayer Honorbilt Shoes in all styles for men,

women, children;Dry-Sox wet weather shoes; Honorbilt

Cushion Shoes, Martha Washington Comfort Shoes.





F. Mayer Boot& Shoe Co., Milwaukee





 





MNORBllI





 





HAND





Land clearing an

essy.one.msnjob

-hig stumps pul—

led clean with

this wonderful

machine.





   





POWER.





{:3 Stump Puller





Works on any land. Operated by hand! No horses;

no digging. Made of forged Krupp steel—guaranteed.

Adopted and used byU.S.Government officials and many states.





Drop a postal to

W. J. FITZPATRICK

80114





San Francisco,Calil’.





Send for FREEillustrlted book on Land Clearing and specialofi‘er.





132 Fifth Street





 





 





Makes tile 3 to 8 inches in diam., 12% inches long.



500 tile per day by hand. 1.200 by power.

This machine and ti1e used by Experiment Sta-

tions of Agricultural Colleges and the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 5.000 farmers have

doubled the yield of land by underdrainage. and saved 75% of cost by using our Machine.

Save cost of hauling and breaking. Make perfect

tile $3 to $5 per thousand. MACHINE SOLD DIRECT FROM FACTORY

TO YOU. 'I'EN DAYS 5' FREE TRIAL SEND NOW for 36-page Illustrated

Catalogue. ‘Tells you about great benefits of underdrainage.

levels and get grades. make and lay your tile at low cost.





FABMERS’ CEMENT TILE MACHINE co. .





01‘ power.





process. No tamping or use of pallets.





You can do the same.





FORD JOKE BOOK





All lllelalcst and best Iunn one and stones

the FORD automobile. Hund’rgds :1 them and :3

good ones. Also JITNEY jokes, Moving Picture

and Snags jokes. Laugh till you shake A neat colored

covere book by mail for only TENC TS.



, PIKE PUB. CO. BOgCEN 382

“I! SO NORWALK CONN.





$.17





 

 

 





 





 





Low steel wheels. wide tires make

loading and handling easier. Wei fur-

nish Steel Wheels to fit any axle to

carry any load. Plain or grooved tire.

Catalogue sent free.





EMPIREMFG. 60.. 389 Qulncydll.





 





 





Save 20% on Tires-





You're paying more than you ought to pay

for tires. Save 20%. Buy Riverside Tires.

5.000 Mlles Guaranteed

”you use Ford sires. miles all others.

Sand for free automobile4 book and get information

on how to save money on all automobile accessories

Write for this book today —to house most convenient.





W” Dept. (1110

fluted. Bituminous City. Ft. Worth, Portland





SWEET GLOVER





IIBOEST MONEY-MAKER KNOWN—INVESTIGATE

The greatest forage plant that {grows . Superior to all

as a fertilizer. Equal to Alfalfa or hay. Excels for pas-

ture. Builds up worn-out soil quickly and produces im-

mense crops, worth from $50 to $125 r acre. Easy to

start. grows everywhere on all soils. on't delay writin

for our Big loo-page free catalog and circular giving fu

particulars. We can save you money on best tested.

guaranteed. scarified seed. Sample Free. Write today.

A. A. BERRY SEED 00.. BOX 931 CLARINDA. IOWA





GLOVE AT WHOLESALE





   





   





 

 

 

   

 





 

 

 





 

 





 





 





prices. We save you



money. Buy now be-



fore advance. Crop



shell-test known. Wee xpect big her prices. Don't buy



Seedsof any kind unt1 you see our samples



andId prices. We specialize on high uality tested Clover



Timothy. Alfalfa. Sweet Clover and Alsifre; guaranteed



the best sold dsubject to your approval and vemment



rite today for samples and special noes and big



Profit-Sharing Seed Guide. Aunm moan UTUAL SEED

Co., Dept. 131 43rd and Roby St" Chicago, Illinois.





HHDSHDS





et weather damaged nearly all seeds.

Most are full ofh laastel dgrains and weeds.

Buokhorn,Thistle.and Dock. Ours are not



and are far the cheapest to sow. Scarcity of

a seed makes early buying advisable. San-

ples and instruction-“How to Know Good Seed” Free.

'rito today. (MLSCOTT 8 SONS 00.. 36 lain Stain-ruined).





 





 

 





 





 





 

 





One man or boy operates it by hand

Tile thoroughly cured by patent





how to take l, ‘.





_ g ‘ Q

Box 3m . ST. JOHNS. MIC".





 





 





Phosphorus at 2; the Cost





in other forms can be had in





Daybreak Finely Ground

Rock Phosphate





By using it at a cost of $1. 00 per acre

per year you supply more Phosphorus



an the crops use each tear and per-

manently enrich your 301





Rock PhOSphate Pays





Write us for the Book of Proof. prices

and particulars.





FEDERAL CHEMICAL CO.

Ground Rock Department

12 Clark Street Columbia,Tenn.





 





THE M 1c H1 G’A'N'VFA RMER





Ellll'llllIlllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllullllflllllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllllllIlllIllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllu llllllllllllllllli lliillllllllH|ll|lllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllm





Practical





GASOLINE AND ALCOHOL.





BY FLOYD w. ROBISON.



The present high price of gasoline

has brought into prominence again the

possibilities of the use of substitute

fuel. It will be recalled that a number

of years ago, after severe importuning

on the part of certain industrial inter-

ests, together with some general ac-

quiescence on the part of farmers

throughout the country, Congress pass-

ed a bill authorizing the use for indus-

trial purposes of a product which sub-

sequently became known as denatured

alcohol.



It has been assumed for some time

that alcohol was a perfectly feasible

product to use as a fuel, but as is quite

generally known the exceedingly high

cost has made its use impracticable,

especially so because of the fact that

gasoline and kerosene are still used to

a great degree as fuels.



Certain men with foresight began to

realize, however, that the time was

coming, in fact, apparently almost

here, when the ordinary standard fuels

would be very nearly exhausted, at

least the price would become so high

that unless other fuels were obtainable

it would be a restriction upon industry.

Alcohol as a Beverage is Losing Favor.



We have never been inctrested in

alcohol in this counlry up to date, ex-

cept as a beverage, and there has been

a decidedly growing disposition on the

part of our people to eliminate it from

the channels of commerce insofar as

its present usage is concerned. With

this View we are very highly in sym-

pathy but we are appreciative of the

immense value 10 industry which 211-

cohol may furnish, provided its manu-

facture is so regulated and adjusted

that it will reach industrial channels.

The present price of alcohol per gallon

is about $3.00, and the internal rev-

enue tax on this product is about $2.50,

which makes the alcohol when tax

free, marketable at about fifty cents

per gallon. it is possible to use alco-

hol at fifty cents per gallon in certain

industries, but as a fuel oil it is still





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





BOWSHER allow

FEED MILLS ”WW





Crush our com (with or

without shucks) and grind

all kinds of small grain.



Handy to operate~light~

est running. 10 sizes: 2 to

25 h. p., capacity 6 to 200 ’

bushels. Conical shape , A 1/ ,

Grinders. Difierent from

allothers. Also makeSweep

Grinders.



. erte for Go tale.

1 and folder about the value of

: different feeds and manures.





D. N. P BOWIHER co.

M Bond. Ind.





 





 





 

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

 

   

   

 

   

 





 





30 DAYS FREE TRIAL





and Prepaid on the new 1916

“RANGM 'Pblcycle. Write at once

, “A for our big catalog and special ojer.

‘ Marvelous lrnprovemnoto. ra.

ordinary values in our 1916 price after.

: You caniwt aford to buy without get-

' ting our latest propositons

loyo.be a“ ‘RldorA out" and make

era for bicycles

Get our liberal terms

on a sample “RA NGER” to introduce.

- ‘I‘lree. equipment. sundries an

,, everything in the bicycle llne half

‘ usual prices. A” row second- hand bicycles





lino Hill! 00., ems-77 GlllllABO





 

 





 





$60 to 812') monthlyp





Gonrnmnl Farmm Wanlod. 1...... L...“ Quart...

Write. OZMENT. 17 F. St. Louis.





 





 





 





.too expensive.



! , What is Denatured Alcohol?



i When Congress passed the act per-

jmitting the use of alcohol tax flee un-

idcr celiain conditions 101 industrial

ipurposes, the purpose of the act was

to furnish it, at a price which would

encourage its use in the industries.

In so doing it became necessary as we

have intimated before, to place certain

restrictions around its use so that the

product which was produced tax free

could not be used for beverage purpos-

es. This called for the production of

certain denaturants; in other words,

the mixing {with the grain alcohol, cer-

tain other ingredients which. did not

materially alter its character as a fuel

and for other industrial purposes, but

which did make it undesirable to use

as a beverage. The original denatur-

ant which gained the most favor was

wood alcohol. \Vood alcohol is very

similar in some respects to grain al-

cohol, but is regarded as poisonous

and a. dangerous product, to use in a

beverage. So similar is it in its var-

ious actions to grain alcohol that we

have had to contend with it in manu-

factured articles of food, particularly

extracts, in previous years, but its ef-

fects have been such that it is consid-

ered an exceedingly dangerous product

to use in grain alcohol except that

some persons are so addicted to the

use of alcoholic drinks that even wood

alcohol is not a sufficient deterrent and

something decidedly stronger or of a

more disagreeable taste has to be us-

ed, to discourage such use of the pro-

duct. Tobacco extract has been used

and chloroform, and a great variety of

substances have been used as denatur-

ants.





 





Ell!"IIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllIlllllIll|lll|lllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllll|IlllllllIllllllllllllIll||lIllllllIIiil|IllIllllllllllllIllIllllllllllllllllllllfi





 





FEB. "26‘, 1916.





.lllllllllllél





Scieh‘Ce.





llllflllllllllllllllllll





In chemical parlance the difference

between gasoline and alcohol may be

illustrated by showing their respective

compositions in general. Gasoline is

what we call an unsaturated hydrocar-

bon, that is to say, it is a combination

of the elements carbon and hydrogen

only and when it burns it burns with

a smoky luminous flame. In order to

cause gasoline to burn at all it is nec-

essary that it be supplied with air, or

with oxygen, and inflammable as it is

considered to be, the most effective

means of stopping a conflagration of

gasoline is to shut off the supply of

air or of oxygen. When gasoline takes

fire it unites with the oxygen of the

air and its carbon is thus burned to

C02, and its hydrogen is united with

the oxygen to form water, the two end

products of the combustion of gaso-

line, carbon dioxide and water. When

alcohol burns, while it also draws up-

on the supply of oxygen it does not do

so to the extent that gasoline does. A1-

cohol will burn with a non-luminous

flame which shows that it has a con-

siderable quantity of oxygen within it-

self which unites with the carbon con-

tained in it, forming carbon dioxide

gas and also with the hydrogen, form.

ing water.



Alcohol is Produced from Starch and

Sugan



Alcohol is a, feasible fuel but a great-

er incentive than exists at the present

time must be given before it can take

the place of gasoline even at any-

where near lhe present prices. Alco-

hol is a product of fermentation. It is

produced indirectly from starch and

sugar; first from sugar and farther

back from starch. One very abundant

source of alcohol existing in the old

country is potato starch. In that coun-

try, particularly in Germany, where an

abundance of potatoes have been

grown, we understand alcohol is a very

great commodity for industrial purpos-

es. including fuel. In our own country,

however, with potatoes for food pur-

poses at 50 cents to $1.00 per bushel,

it is apparent that little progress will

be made toward turning these stan‘

dard articles of food into alcohol un-

less the waste products which have a

definite sugar or alcoholic value can

be utilized for this purpose.



A Commission of Scientists Needed.



What is needed in this country at

the present time on the fuel supply to

really solve industrially for the people

of this country the fuel problem, which

is certainly getting to assume mam-

moth proportions, is that Congress

should authorize the appointment of a.

competent, scientific commission to in-

vestigate the reasons for the prevail-

ing high prices of gasoline, and to sug-

gest remedies. This would involve an

investigation of the possibilities of al-

cohol as a fuel and for other industrial

purposes, and the conditions under

which the production and manufacture

of alcohol can be made profitable and

its use economical, and the introduc—

tion of other substitute fuels, such as

kerosene and the lighter fractions of

crude oil, and the possibility of their

conversion into oils of the gasoline

type.



The Fuel Problem is a National Non.

Partisan Problem.



These questions cannot be solved

for the people by debate on the floor

of Congress. It is absurd to assume

that Congressmen and Senators can

place themselves sufficiently in touch

with the scientific phases of these sub-

jects to legislate intelligently from

their own information alone. A com-

mission of experts to advise Congress

is needed, and needed at once, if there

would be conserved for the people the

enormous fuel supply which this coun-

try is producing and which it is capa-

ble of producing in the way of 311°

cohol, etc.
FEB. 26,7191};





[ElIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||llIllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllfiiI





$ Farmers’ Clubs 2





Elllllllllllllllllll|||IIll||lllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|ll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllal





OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSO-

CIATION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.





ll llllllllll





llllllll





 





President—R. J. Robb, Mason.



Vice-president—C. B. Scully, Almont.



Secretary and Treasurer—Mrs. J. S.

Brown, Howell.



Directors—Alfred Allen, Mason; C.

T. Hemline, Alma; W. K. Crafts, Grass

Lake; Edward Burke, St. Johns; Mrs.

C. J. Reed, Spring Arbor; Roy E.

Moore, Bellevue.



Address all communications relative

to the organization of new Clubs to

Mrs. J. S. Brown, Howell, Mich.





 





Associational Motto:



f‘The skillful hand with cultured

mind is the farmer’s most valuable

asset.”





 





Associational Sentiment:

“The Farmer: He garners from the

soil the primal wealth of nations.”





YEARLY PRooR'A—MS.





 





At this season of the year many 10-

cal Clubs should have prepared their

printed programs for the current Club

year. One of the first of these has

just been received by the editor of

this department, and will be reviewed

in an early issue. Copies of the yearly

programs of other local Clubs will be

welcomed for similar use. Let the

other Clubs know what you are doing

in this line by forwarding a copy at

an early date.





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





Will Work for County Agent—The

February meeting of the Arbor Farm-

ers’ Club was held at the pleasant

home of Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Nixon.

After a social hour and dinner the

meeting was called to order by Presi-

dent Chester Martin. The Arbor or-

chestra rendered several selections

during the program. Rev. Parmand

gave the invocation. Members re-

sponded to roll call by naming some

beautiful place they had visited. Mrs.

Jacob Hagen gave a fine paper on

“Health and Happiness.” She said in

part: “Happiness is not the result of

luck, but rather of one’s own thoughts.

Love others and others will love you.

Encourage good and overcome fear

and weakness and you will win the es-

teem of your fellowmen.” Louis Haas

read a very interesting article on the

farm tractor. He favored the tractor

rather than the horse. The president

then introduced Mr. Underdown, sup-

erintendent of the Huron Farms 00.,

who gave us a talk on the Huron

Farms. Mr. Underdown also said that

he had been requested to ask the Ar-

bor Farmers’ Club to appoint a com-

mittee of three who were to attend a

county meeting of delegates to see

what could be done towards a county

agent for Washtenaw county. The

president appointed C. Koch, W. S.

Bilbie and P. L. Townsend. Theflub

decided to buy singing books. The

meeting closed with the singing of

“America.” The March meeting will

be held at “Clover Blossom Dairy

Farm,” with Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Staeb-

ler.——Mrs. Ida B. Haas, Cor. Sec.



Discuss Taxation.——The Wise Farm-

ers’ Club met with Mr. and Mrs. J. H.

Wilson in Clare for the January meet-

ing, with a. large attendance. After a.

fine dinner, the Club was called to or-

der by President Jennings. Hon. D. E.

Alward, of Lansing, being present, he

was called on to talk a few minutes on

taxation before his train left. He stat-

ed that the state taX did not cut any

figure in making the taxes righer, but

it was the township and county tax.

But Mr. Alward would have a hard

time convincing the average farmer

that the state tax does not out quite

a figure in taxation. -All one has to do

is to look at his tax receipt of five or

six years ago and look at the receipt

that he gets this winter. The Clare

Orchestra dispersed some fine music.

Rev. Large offered prayer. J. H. Wil-

son gave us a warm welcome for him-

self and family. J. H. Seeley respond-

ed and told Mr. and Mrs. Wilson that

in welcoming the Club they welcomed

the oldest Farmers’ organization in

the United States today, as the first

Farmers’ Club was organized in the

township of Laurens, Otsego county,

New York, in 1806. The question,

“What effect will the war have on the

American farmer?” was opened by P.

M. Loomis. who gave a very good talk,

followed by N. Elden and Rev. Large,

who thought it would have a bad ef-

fect. Mrs. J. Duncan read a paper on

“How,to Benefit the Club.” A vote of

thanks was extended to the host and

hostess for their hospitality.





 





 





 

 





v.4..."- m.w.sz-.. ”new.“ .4”..- 2 a. »





l'rfillllllllllllllllllllillllllll|IlltiliIlllllllllllllllIllllIIlll|l|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliiil





$ Grange.





Will"llllllllIlHll|llllllllllllliMlllllllllWllllllllllllllllllElfi





Our Mottoz—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should

be first improved.”





KENT POMONA MEETING.





Kent Pomona Grange met with Spar-

ta and Algoma Granges at Sparta, on

Thursday, January 20. The forenoon

meeting was a closed session. The

morning session, at which there were

71 members, was given over to Pomo-

na Master T. H. McNaughton, who se-

cured a report of Grange work from

the reports given by the subordinate

Granges.



The afternoonmeeting was open to

all, there being a much larger attend—'

ance than in the forenoon. Mr. Mc-





IIII

llllllllllllllllllllllllllll





.Naughton also had charge of this meet-





ing. He announced that the State

Grange would furnish a man free of

charge to help any Grange organize a

co-oporative creamery where such was

wanted. All communities having 8.

Grange and wishing to form such a

company will profit by this as the

State Grange sends out competent

men only.



The budget system of taxes and na-

tional preparedness for war were two

important subjects discussed. The sys-

tem was explained and two members

of the Legislature present gave very

able talks on this subject. Senator H.

E. Powell, of Io:1ia, told of the present

system, and stated that he was in fav-

or of the budget system. He said in

part, that as long as the salaries of

the state officers were being raised, as

long as new commissions were being

appointed, and as long as the state in-

stitutions were increasing and demand-

ing more money, so long would we

continue to pay high taxes.



Mr. McNaughton told of the opposi-

tion» in regard to preparedness, taken

by the National and State Granges. He

said that we should look at the sub-

ject. in a sane way and help do away

with all unnecessary preparedness.

This subject was discussed, with the

result. that resolutions were adopted

sustaining the action of the National

and State-Granges.



A chorus from the Sparta school

helped to entertain the visitors. They

showed good training and credit is due

Miss DeOme, their teacher. In the eV-_

ening Miss DeOme favored the Grange

with two vocal solors, one of which

the words were written by the State

Grange Lecturer.



The fifth degree session was called.

at 6:30 p. 111., at which time ten candi-

dates were shown into the mysteries

of the degree of Pomona. After this

session the grangers present and their

friends listened to the report of the

State Grange. The Sparta high school

orchestra favored the Grange with a

selection, and other music was fur-

nished. ‘



Hon. H. E. Powell, of lonia, gave the

principal talk of the day, making a,

plea for a single standard of morality.

He said in part: “In the present Eu-

ropean conflict the plains of Mesopo-

tamia is a battlefield and a wireless

relay station is located on Mt. Sinai.

These conditions would not exist if we

had a single standard of morality. If

an individual took lands it would be a

great crime with heavy penalties, but

in the case of a nation it is for the

glory of the country. When this teach-

ing is done away with war will cease.

It is a Grange duty to educate for a

single standard of morality rather than

for a glory of conquest, and thus con-

tribute to betterment of its members.



Mr. Powell then spoke of the mis-1

sion of the Grange. He said, “The

Grange has three missions to perform

for its members—financial, education-

al and social. The financial mission is

the smallest, but more should be done

for co-operation. The producer gets

only 40 per cent of what the consumer

pays. It should be that the producer

would get some more than 40 per cent

and the consumer should pay less. Ed-

ucation is most important for the

schools of the state are taking more

than half of the appropriations, and

are only teaching people to know

things when they should teach how to

do things. The social mission is very

important and should be more thought

of. After education, care for the insane

is the second item of expense, there

being paid $1,752,283.48 every two

years. Also the ratio of insanity is

growing faster than the population.

The superintendents of the state asy-

lums tell us that liquor is the greatest

cause of insanity. Thus if society

would eliminate the saloon, citizenship

would be bettered and taxes would be

less. Prohibition states are good ex-

amples of this.” Mr. Powell’s speech





was educational to all as he told the

plain facts as they are and suggested

remedies in many cases.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





Jno.W. Finn's Wholesale Nurseries, Dnnsville, h. 1





 

 





 





37—301





The Most in Building Materials

Your Money Can Buy





   





——the most in lasting qualities, because of our





   

 





QL'O‘OG business policy and special process of manufacture. 4

' / “\| —the most in practicability and variety of product. ‘

"m M Years of experience, a great manufacturing plant and

\ “7 unlimited financial resources make this possible.

\QQ‘Aflo/ ——the most in scrricc. An enormous stock and





   





an efficient organization assure prompt deliveries.

This is what you get when you buy





‘GIobc—z





BRAND





   





‘Y 014'” remember

this brand"





   





/





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METAL PRODUCTS





Roofings, Siding, Cluster Shingles, Silos, Ganges,

Culverto, Rat-Proof Corn Cribs and other interior

and exterior uses





   

 





 

   

   

   





/





4





For 35 years we have been operating our own Steel Plant, 9‘

Rolling hIills, Galvanizing Works and Roofing Factories. '



This has enabled us to make “Globe Brand” the most in

buzldzng materials that moncy can buy.



This is Why, year after year. the United States Government,

practical farmers, big manufacturers and architects con—

tinue to use “Globe Brand” sheet metal products for all kinds '

of building purposes.



Send for our 1916 catalogue. Do it now. It will pay you to

find out the many advantages of "Globe Brand” sheet metal

. 4 products.





Also ask





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 





‘0

"5 .. l.

Mm

- I





\is





 





 

 

 





\.

.‘4'





inset}





for a copy of the Globe Handy Memo Book.

You'll find it useful, just 1 '

‘ as the name implies.





   





€13.63

0,!





 

 





l ‘. /

IIIJJI ,i

acquittal





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Mail this coupon, write a postal or leach-do something— NOW





The Globe Iron Roofing & Corrugating Co.

205 Newport St.. Cincinnati. Ohio

Send we your bit: 1916 Catalogue and Farmer's Handy .llemo

Book, FREE, prepaid.





NA .l I I C .....

T0 IVX

STA TF‘





   

   

   

   

 





 

 





 

 





 





 





 





 





Plenty (M Water For Your Dairy





Supply an abundance of fresh water for your dairy and milk

house. More milk and healthier stock. Makes the dairy

pay. Our experts will help you select the right pump

from among our 300 styles. All rigidly tested and

guaranteed by the larvest manufacturer of pumps

in the world. Backed by 65 years’ pump-making

experience. They are strong, durable and reliable.





OULDS PUMP

FOR (wear SERVICE





willfurnish you plenty of waterunder prel-

sureforfireprotection. Get our freebook.

“WaterSupplyfortheCountry'Home.”

Plan now for sanitary plumbing 1n

bathroom, kitchen and laundry.

Writetoday. AddressDept. M.

The Goulds Mfg. Co.

Main Office and Works:

Seneca Falls, N. Y.

Branches .'

Chicago Philadelphia

Boston New York

Pittsburgh

Houston

Atlanta

Fifi?! 3f

.\. i

1531





V





   

   

   

   





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 

   





 

 





 





Gout—DJ Mro. to.





THE

Jtufita FALLS [If U 3A.





 

 





   

 





v“.





‘Q.





 





0‘“





MR. FRUIT GROWER





M... mm KEEP BEES





Your orchards will produce more fancy fruit by so doing. Your berry crop

will be increased in quality and quantity. Your Alsikc and Hui-ct (,'l()\‘l'i‘('1'1)p~

will be greatly bencfitcd‘ You really cannot ali‘ord not to keep a few colonies.

Tons of honey go to waste each ycai',foi' want of bees- to gather it. Progrwshc

' farmers and fruit growers everywhere now realize the value of boos.



We furnish complete equipment. Modern lliycs, I’urc Italian Bees", gentle and

good honey gathers. Our booklet “The Bee Keeper and The Fruit Grower" t'rw-



catalog of bee supplies, Beeswax wanted.





BERRY BASKETS





We furnish the best woodberrybasket made. Our wax

Special Offer—200 wax lined





 





..





Also our general





   





_ Send for catalog.

lined paper basket is a cheap clean package.

paper baskets, post paid for $1.00.





M. H. HUNT 6t SON,





Lansing, Mich.





From Kalamazoo

Direct To You.





Don't delay sending today for free Handsome

Box I22. Kalamazoo, Mich.





 

 

 

 

   





 

 





,fl,





 

 





Box 525,





TREE





At Wholesale Prlooo. Planting time is about here.

Catalogue. Celery City Nurserles.



Alexander. Awarded Gold Medal for



est





2 Yr' Apple Trees, ‘6 t0 7 {L $12 per 100 SEE” 0‘13:- largest yieldin pedigreed Oat ront





Thousands of peach.pear.plum.cherryandquince and for Mioh., First premium for (ualitv. “Potatoes:

all small fruits at wholesale prices. Catalog free. Late Petoskey, Blight. resisting, heavy yieldin .

' Wallace Bros.. Had].





 





Bay Shore.
‘302 —38

BREEDERS’ DIRECTORY.





Change of Copy or Cancellations must reach us

Ten Days before date of publication.





AUCTION





WGCI., March lst., 1916





At l O’clock P. M.





Big Heavy Boned Duroc Jerseys. 25

Bred Sows due to farrow in Mar., Apr.

and May also a few Fall pigs both sexes.

6 oung Horscsoi‘ the dual purpose type.

A so 2 Shorthorii Bulls,-8 mos. old. Sale

will be held at in farm 6 miles east of

Lansing. Write 'or Sale Bill. *





M. A. BRAY,





OKEMOS, (Inghssm Co.) MICH.

CATTLE.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS





EitD ESTABLISHED IN 1900.

TROJAN- EllICAS and BLACKBIRDS only.

Also breeders of Percheron. Hackney and Saddle





orses.

WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionia. Mich.





ABERDEEN ANGUS





If you are in need of anextra good bull or a few choice

'ouiig cows or heifers. we have them for ’Sale. Car



erd is' headed by the Grand Champion Black

Monarch 3rd. We invite you to come to our Farm am:

see them. They are bred right and priced right. IT. L.

Clark, Hunters Creek, Mich. Sidney Smith, Mgr.





 





 





 





 





Four young bulls also yoihlg



Aberdeen Angus cows and heifers. Extra. good.



Priced rasonabie. Inquire I“. J. Wilber. Clio. Mich.



Pure bred Angus cattle. {Sonic



For sale extra ood bulls. Prices reason-

able. ANDREW EI’I‘IL. ermontville, Mich.





 





‘YHSHIREs—Ono of the foremost dairy breeds. The

most economical milk reducers. Calves

for sale. White Leghorn cookers s; Duroq Jersey

owino. Michigan School for the Deaf. Flint.Miohigan.





THE VILLAGE FARM,

Grass Lake, Michigan,

GUERNSEY CATTLE.





 





MILO l). (,‘AMI’BELL VHAS. J. ANGEVINE





BEACH FARM

GUERNSEYS





No Tuberculosis 0r Abortion





\V«- are oll‘ei‘iiig a number of line Registered cows

for sale. Sonic of llll'M‘ cows llilVl‘ finished their

A. li. test and others soon n ill with records from

4(llltoo‘lollis.oi fat in illll' ycai'.\\‘c also have livg.

Bull valves from .\.ll.<-o\vs for sale, alsoonc lliill

old enough for service whose. llaiii's record is

owr (1le lbs. of fat as a All: year old.





CAMPBELL 8 ANGEVINE





Coldwater, Michigan.





For Sale at Farmers Prices:





Choice Guernsey Bull Scalvcs sired by “Langwater

VVitchester” he by (Langwater Advocate &. Laiingiter

Daisy) and from excellent Dams. having A. R. records

of 422 ii- 412 lbs. of B. I“. aslhcifcrs.;;Write or call at





"Sweei Orchard Farm” Birmingham, Mich.

—REGI . '



GU ER~N S EYS BULL Kiwis?

Containin blood of world champion . .

HICKS‘ OUER SEY FARM. Saginaw. . 8.. Mich.





 





 





re . forsale,Watervliet,Mich. _\[ay Rose

CUBInseys g Seven A. Ii. cows in herd.

Address J. K. Blatchford, Auditorium Tower, Chicago, Ill.





VONDALE Guernsey bulls all sold. ' Sorry_to dis-

Aappoiiit those wishing ourstock. Only registered

bull calveelcit. Avondale Stock Farm. Wayne. Mich.





of service age and calves from

Guernsey BUIIS choice. Adv. reg. breeding.

T. V. HICKS, Route l. Battle Ceeek. Mich.





Calves from A. R. dams and whose

608m“, BU” dams are running for A. R. One ready

{or service. :G. A. WIGENT. Watervliet, Mich.





a for sale from A. R. dams. 2 heifers bred to

"UNIS”: freshen in Julie. 1 2-yr.-old bull and 3 bull

calves. Geo. N. Crawford. Hoiton. Mich.





Registered yearling Guernsey



FOP SHIE: Bull also Bull Calves. Write

JOHN EBELS. HOLLAND. MICH. R. No. 10.

T Fnriiicrs'.’Prices. Registered Guernsey Bull calves from





LIB. dams and dams being tested. If inter sted write for

phat, breeding and price. Byers A; Barnes. Goldwater, llich.





. Cows-—He‘fers

Choice Guernseys For Sale “1...“;

J BI. WILLIABIS, NORTH ADAMS, MICHIGAN.





Herefords-3 Bull Calves





ALLEN BROS. PAW PAW. MICH





HEREFORDS Well developed, beefy bulls. best

9 of blood lines. Serviceable age.

Registered. E. J. TAYLOR. Fremont,. Mich.





Do You Want A Bull?





Ready For Service.





From a grand daughter of The King of tho

Pontincl. Birod by a bull that is more than a half

brother to the Champion Holstein Cow of the

World. and whole dam is .30 lb. 6% I fat dau§hter

of Pontiac Aggie Korndykqwho has more 0 lb.

daughters than any other liung bull. If you do

write for pedigree.





EDWIN S. LEWIS, Marshall, Mich.‘





 





r-





 





‘ I





.A. .. -/' . _,





'THE MICHIGAN FARMER





March 4 sum JERSEYS al Alllillllll r—March 4





As Good as the Best at Your Very Door





BROOKWATER FARM





Sells 46 bred Sows and





Gilt: and two ready for





Service Boars March .4.





A cordial invitation to attend this sale is extended to all breeders and farmers. The offering will be

Closely Related to our State Fair Winners. The only place “lien-sows and gilts brml totlie great





boars The Principal IV and Brookwoior Cherry King can be purchased.

East where the famous Golden Model strain of Durocs of the west can l)(' purchased.





’l‘heonly place in the

Send for





illustrated Catalog and plan to spend March 4 profitably at





Brookwaier Farm,





March 4'





The Two Greatest Bulls





KING OF 'liIE PONTIACS

DE K01. Zd’s BUTTER INDY 3rd





I have young bulls from cows having high official

records and Granddaughtcrs of above bulls. Stock

extra good. Prices reasonable





BIGELOW’S IIOLSTEIN FARMS.





BREEDSVILLE. MICE.





HATCH HERD





YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN





Registered Holstein-Friesian sires, grandson's of

World's reatest dairy sire, out of chOice A. R. .

dams an Kin Pontiac. Jewel Korndyke; Brother of

K. P. Pontiac ass 44.14); average record 0f50 dams in

his pedigree 31.25 in 7 days: average per cent of fat

three nearest dams 4.37: of his own dam 4.93. Sires in

first three generations already have over 600 A. R. O.

A few females bred to “King". Prices





 





daughters.

reasonable.





OLSTEIN Bull Cali: Born Nov. 8th. YA nice indi-

vidual,weil grown, about evenly marked. His dam

and Sire’sdam have A.R.O. records that average Butter

Tday524.83lbs. Milk 503 lbs. W. B. READER. Howell, Mich.





 





. Big Holstein Bull ‘2. yr. old. (‘ood breeding.

For sale- Reg. bulls and heifers ll) inos. old.





Ferd. J. Lange. Sebewaing. Mich.





' ' All from A. R. U. Dams. Semi-0t-

liliOlcO “OISIGIII Bu”:- yearly records 720“»). butter inJr.

4yr. old class to over 1000 lbs. in mature class. Breeding: Cross

"King of the Pontiacs” and the “Dominick blood." Cherry

Creek Stock Farin. Billiards. licli. M. E. Pai'iiielee, Proprietor.



HERD of





A L FA L FA D A L Holsteins.





Contains aged cows producing 32.94 lbs. of

butter in 7days: 4yr. olds producing 31.76: 3 r.

olds groducnig 26.37 and 2yr. olds 25 69 all officially

teste . Sons and brothers of these high testin cows

for sale. Geo. H. Gillespie 8: Son. Mason, ich.





 





 





 





$75 getsZmo.old Hazel-Lot grandson of Ma le-

crest De Kol l’artliciii-a and Pontiac aid

30.2 lb. Dani's 5 nearest dams ave. 507.5 lb. milk 7

days. By a. son of De Kol 2nd Butter Boy 3rd. Her dam

18.96 lb. 2 yr. M. L. Manulln. Redford, Mich.





Qpailand Goring lifffhifiliifil‘isliiilig‘iiifiobzlli

up. ii psdanti. Michigan.



Holstein Bulls Ready

For Some. '





Grandsons of Friend Heiigerveld DeKol Butter

Boy and Pontiac Aggie Kornd ke. From high

record A. R. O. dams at farmers prices.



LONG BEACH FARM,

Augusta, Michigan. (Kalamazoo Co.)





‘ Bull Calves and Cows

1 Have Holstein Bulls, a... I one. .0. a...

I can show breeding, records. individuality and attrac-

tive prices. L. E. CONNELL, Fayette, Ohio.





 





 





 





 





Choice Holstein Bull Calves





Ready for service, World's Champion Paroniuge





IIILLCIIES'I‘ I-‘AIlM - Kalamazoo, Mich.

Special Notice





Registered Holsteins for Sale.

Our present farm being more valuable for real

estate than dairy farming, we are going to move

our herd further out from the city. We have twelve

bull calves which will be sold at prices from $35 to

$150 according to breeding—A rare chance to buy





a. bull calf at a low price. . .

Espanore Farm, Lansing, Mich.





“.T0 P N 0TC ll ” llolsicins





By careful retention, for many years, of largest: iro-



dnciiig females, and use of superior sires, a broe ing



herd of wonderful quality has been established. We



are selling young bulls of this“’1 OP NO'I‘CHWiuality.



of serviceable age. at moderate prices. Information.

edigrccs,ctc.. on application. McPHERSON FARMS

0., Howell, Michigan.





FOR SALE Registered Holstein Bulls





ready for service. and bull calves. also females.

FREEMAN J. FISHBECK. Howell, Michigan.





 





 





 





B ' i d Holstein heifer. 2 mos. old, mostly white.



egls are very nice individuality and breeding, $100



delivered, safe arrival guaranteed. Write for pedi roe.

HOBART W. FAY. MASON, MIC .





 





Reg. Holstein heifers, 4 ares months old and 4 ares

months, at $100 each. Also, 4 young bull calves at

$30 each. Ernest A. Black, R. 3, Howard City,Micli.





' Com osed of Pontiac Koriidyke

Rinkland nerd and liengeveld De Kol Breeding.

John A. Rinke. LWarren. Michigan.





 





 





FOR Salealiegistered Holsteins, 3 Bull calves sired

by ii. 30 lb. bull, l froii 11.28.58“). dam. Also 2 heifers 8

andlf) months old.\Vm. Griffin, R. No. 5,H_owell. Mich.





 





$150 Buys two high grade, richly bred, light colored

Holstein heifers, fresh soon from 26 lb. Bull.

B. B. REAVEY. Akron, Michigan.





A BA R G A I N ——A beautiful purebred

. four year old Holstein



cow, nearly white, good size and large persistent

milker, bred to freshen this fall.

G O. D. CLARKE, VASSAR, MICK.





lloglslmd Holslems al halil’nco. gangsters:

Cow two years old, calf by side. Heifer one year old

bred bull world’s record breeding. 23 lb. dam. one

year old. Sold separately or the six head for $500.00.

Also 8 hi h rade cows for $550.“).



. . LE . Portland, Mich.. Bell Phone.





.. l . .

Bog. llolsloin “"33.“ 3.3. bfiifsfi‘iiiif‘mni‘éé‘i‘;





marked and well grown. E. R. Cornell. Howell, Mich.





 





 





Ann Arbor, Mich.,





 





RI 7, Dept. So





You are invited to be our guests at Hotel Whitney the





evening before the Sale. Free conveyance to I March 4





the Farm Sale Day.





' eight nllllltll.’ oil thirty five dollars.

"”8an Bulll’urc bred bin, lllll. eligible. Perfect

markings. A. B. GRAHAM. flint, Michigan.





 





The Ail-Around

' istlie armer’scow. She’shis

Jersey iriencifaiid pride—the beauti-

ful,gentle,ever-paying milk machine that lifts

the mortgage, builds up the fertility of the

farm,aiid puts the whole business on a sound,

paying, permanent basis. She ada ts herself

to all climates and all feeds an does not

need fancy care. She matures early and

lives long. And she’s so sleek,cleancut and

handsome, as to be the family pet and

l 1 pride. Slie produces well

' _ .. Learn





and sells well.

about her in our fine, free

book,“About Jersey Cat-

tle." Write for it now.





THE AMERICAN JERSEY

CATTLE CLUE -

346 WCCtzads‘og No ocit, I





 





 





FEB





26, 1916.





 





 





.s... r»





I have started thousands of breeders on the road

to success. I have avery large and fine herd. Ey-

ory one an early developer. ready for market at six

months old. I want to place one hog in each com-

munity to advertise my her





a. s. BENJAMIN R. No. 10, Portland. mchlun





 





 





 





 





Bred sows and]? 11 ' f sale

Chester Whites .1... 9 m... a. sass...

F. W. Alexander. Vassar, Michigan.





 





Capitol Hard 0.1. Swine. .E’g’ggsgrwigmgegs

press prepaid J. H. BANGHAR'I‘, fencing, Mich





' . Long type prolific kind. Orders

cIIGSI.I “IIIIBS- booked for spri pigfi. Write out

wants. Meadow View Stock Farm, 5. olland. .\ ich.





Com risin the greatest



our Duroc Jerseys .1 oases... 1.



Kant. Again, Ohio Chief Goo. E Nufi, Orion. _Perfec-



tion. Ira. D. Jack, Pilot Wonder, both sex. Prices rea-



sonable. Send for pedigrees. E ENNING’S

‘ARMB. 3.1.. Bailey. Michigan.





nunoc JERSEY ions agh°isr§°tstsrssbaa

not akin. W. C. TAYLOR. ilan. Michigan,





—Fall and spring ige either sex. from

Duroc Jersey: am... a...“ ”s. c. gunman.

CHERRY LAWN FARM, shepherd, Michigan,





I. W. KEEIEV. Erie. Mich. B‘fééiiéfif“ 5.103%“:

D. M. &T.local from Monroe or Toledo, Keeney Stop.





 





 





 





 





Lillie Farmstead Jersey Cattle. Bull calves from R.

of M. Cows. also heifer calves and several bred

heifers for sale. Colon C. Lillie, Ooopersvillo, Mich'





 





erseys. Bulls ready for service. extralguality sired

by Jacoba’s Fairy Emanon. No. 1071 . from high

producing dams. SMITH (it PARKER. Howell.Mich





 





HE WILDWOOD Jersey Herd. Registered Jerse



Cattle of Quality. Forty head 'l‘nberculin testc

Majesty’s Wonder 90717 heads theherd. His daughters

are producing from 400 to 500lbs. butter in onto ear as

twoyearold boilers. and are bred to M ajesty's xford

Fox lili‘lll a classy Grandson of Oxford Msjesty which

combines type and production. Alvin Balden,Canac,Iich.





 





APLE Laneli. of M. Jersey Herd. Tuberciilin tested

by the U. S. Government. For sale bulls, cows,

bull calves and heifer calves. 'l‘he lmwst record of any

mature cow of this strain is 553 lbs. of b.3519 butter.

IRVIN FOX. Allegan. Michigan.





from high-producing dams.with

Jersey Balls for sale testing Asso. records. also on

semi-official test. 0. B. Wehner. R. 6. Allegan, Mich





 





 





HILLSIDE Farm Jerseys, yearling bulls. solid

colonhalf brothers to ex-world’s-record senior 2yr

old and from R. of. M. dams, with records from 400 lbs.

to 800 lbs. 0. and 0. DEAKE. Ypsilanti. Michigan.





DUROG JERSEY tried sows and s ring gilts

bred to E. D's. De ender Col.

No.172975. Inspection invited. E. D. Hoydenberk,Wayland.Mich.

° bred for Apr. farrow and Six

one April 6'" June gilts bred for June farrow.

Price $25.00. Weight 160 lbs. to 180 lbs.

H. G. Keesler, . R. No. 5., Cassopolis, Mich.





 





UROO Jerseys, Yearling Sows dc giltsbred for Apr.

furrow to a son of Orion Cherry King the greatest Bear of his

breed. Also fall pigs either sex. I“. J. Drodt.R.l. Monroe. Mich.





 





n Jerseys for saie——a. few choice tall pigs of either

III'OC sex. Fancy Buff Rock cockerels. JOH

MCNICOLL, Station A, Route 4. Bay City, Mich.





 





DUROC Jersey, Mar. gilts breed for A ril. Sept.pigs

either sex and Holstein bull calves 4 Registered





Holstein cows. E. H. MORRIS. Monroe, Mich.





DUROG JERSEYS Sfé‘fiii‘idp‘i‘él'se‘i‘iiifii"S駰fi§3





sale. Wm.W. Kennedy. R. B. Grass Lake. Mich.





 





 





DUROC Gilts bred for Apr. fan-owing. Aug. Boers.

Booking orders for Spring Pigs. Barred Rock Cock.

crels. E. J. ALDRICH. R. 1., 'l‘ekonsha. Calhoun (‘o.. Mich





Dunno JERSEY —A fe“’.bred





ilts f r sale.

Carey U. Edmonds. g 0





 





 





23 Registered Tuberculin ifiiéfii‘isliifiifiillfiai‘?

HERMAN HARMS. Reese. Michigan.





 





Registered and line bred Jersc

For Sale 3 Cows and heifers. ’l‘uberculih

tested. Chas. B. Cook li‘arin, Owosso, Michigan.





BIDWELL SHORTflORNS





For “Beef and Milk"





Registered bulls,

Scotch - to wed roans,

redsandw fits for sale.

Farm at N.Y.C.V Depot;

also D. '1‘. A; I. R'y.





BIDWELI. STOCK FARM

Box 8. Tecumseh, Mich.





 





 





   

 





My,





 





Albion Stamp 352670





Shortliorn Callie oi bolli Sex ior Sale





W. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan.





—Dairy or beef bred. Breeding stock all

Shodhoms ages for sale at farmers prices. C. w. Cruin,

Secy. Cent. Mich. Shorthor- Breederc' Assn.. McBride. Mich.





 





 





 





‘ f Sale Mar. lst, 1910. 251mm! shorthornsfl males.

"c "In at“Locust” on i). . R between Alniont &

Imlny City. WARNER BROS. Almont. Mich.





 





Bulls old enough forservice. Golden

IWU Shorlhflfll Wyandotte (lockereis. Collie puppies

5. G. BELCHER. R. No. 5, Hudson. Michigan.





Herd bull. Bright Sultan roan 4 yrs. no

Shudhorns fault, aiii retaining his heifers also one

roan ready forserviciu W. li. McQuillan, HowelLMich.





 





 





FOR Sale—18 Reg. Short Horn Bulls by Maxwalton

Monarch 2iid,a. son of Avoiidalo, i'roin2 to 13lmos.oid

John Schmidt, Reed City. R. No. 5., Michigan.





3 Choice Slim-Lil orn Bulls For Sale





. Ii. PETERS, Carlzind, Mich.





 





lnculding Herd Bull 0! Young

4 SIWIIIIOIII Bil": Mary Family, Price $75 and

8200. W. F. BARR. ALOHA, MICHIGAN.





 





OLLED Durhams for sale. pure Short Horns, bred

horiiless. Rose of Sharon and Young Mary, 2 bulls

l2 mo.lO young cows and Heller“. C. Kelly. Plymouth Mich.





“005.





' —Fino October igs both

Royallon Br.d BOIkShIICS 8010-9. sired by pfloyalton

Emperor, registered with papers at fair prices. Write

to D. F. Valentine. Supt... Temperance. Michigan.





' of best breeding. S eciai price

BerkShlres on two Spring oars.

D. W.SMlTH, Wixom, Michigan.





SWIGARTDALE FARM





BREEDERB OF

HOLSTEINS AND BERKSHIRES





Stock ior sale at all times. Berkshires oi unsurpassed

quality and breeding, at reasonable prices. A choice

bullealr, nicely marked, live months old. site's dam

with record of over 27 pounds. Dam of call a grand

daughter of Hengerveld De Kol. Price $50.00.





Swigarldale Farm, Pelersliurg, Mich.





Berkshires °‘ ”9’“ ‘ii”"2.§‘-‘.%'€.‘.§“‘.°“i“°"°i¥i°’



sex. a r i soc. no n.



o ecial reduced price. Write your wants quick.

itchell's LakesideFarms, 11.2. Bloomingdale. Mich.





 





 





 





n ' 1 Chester White males and females. Reg.

0": 0" Holstein mule calves, herd bull and cows.

Porham's Pedigree Stock Farm. Bronson, Mich.





~lit'l‘ll in the whole country.





 





 





Hastings, Michigan.



‘ ——A few of those big bone Duroo

FQI‘ sale _Gilts, bigger and better than ever.

Safe in pig to an Orion boar. Prices from $25 to 840.

Also tried sows and a lew boars cheap. A. LAMB

d: SON. CASSOPOLIS, MICHIGAN.





 





E a

are



iii In

in! “I.

rat or

[El II

II! "

E ,



I





 





 





O. l. C. Bred Gilts

Choice 100 lb. Pigs 316.

J. CARL JEWETT. Mason. Mien.





SPRING BOLRS of end S o nd

0- '0 Co Red Polled bu] calve’s? .

John Bower and Son. Grand Ledge. Mich.





0 l choice serviceable boars: bred gilts iorAnril and

. ~ . -May iari‘ow; Full pigs not akin. Write for low

prices and photo. A. V. Hatt. Grass Lake, Mich

3 All sold except one Jul boar

O. I. C So and a few Oct. pigs):

C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan.





I: ~ ’

Way Broihers Slack Farm. 30,3. 83%. fiégfif‘gté’lfl

for sale. Registered free. J. R. Way. ’l‘hreeRivers, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





0 I c serviceable boars, tried sows, gilts bred for

- . - March and April furrow, summerand fall pigs.

I pay express. G. 1’. ANDREWS. Dansville. Mich





 





o | c Gilts bred for March. April and May

I o I iarrow. Recorded in buyer's name.

H. W. MANN. Daneville. Michigan.





, . .

0. I. C s. Strictly Big Type. EEBV’QQMEEL";

July boars, 25 Spring gills. four fall yearllngs, four tried

sows. all bred for Spring farrow. Also {all pigs not akin.

Extra good ones. As I am crowded for room. this good

stock will be sold at Farmers' rices. They are good

enough that 1 will send themC. .D.& record them free.

Newman’s Stock Farm, Mariette, Mich. R. I.





0. I. C. and CHESTER WHITE SWINE





Bi g type With quality. We have the undefeated breeders

young herd at seven State fairs this year. They were

H‘ll‘eddl)‘ Abo 2nd, one of our many good herd boars.

bpecial prices on all boars for the next 30days. Get

a ("Hit bred to the Great Schoolmaster, the highest

priced boar of the breed, Champion over champions.

’\ rite for our big catalogues with history of the best

meZand see them.





Bolling View Slack Farms, Cass Oily, Mich.





O l Choice Signg boars and bred Gills.

. 0 c We pay press and Re ister free.

Glenwood Stock Perm.





Zeeland, ichigan.



' ’ Attractive rices on fall i rs



"CgISICI'Od 00 II c 3. and last sprping Its. All fgo'fin

large litters. Elmer n. Smith. Rod ord. Mich\





o I c’s W bred IOWI for ule.8lost April gills averaged 270

' I 'lbs.Jaii.10.1916. They are a very Y lot. Have

some May gilte and last fall yearling-.3130 a few service bone

and plenty of last fall pigs. Otto B. Schulze, NashvilleJiich.





0- I- C. Caligeigui‘iliiedimfipm'ii‘di‘ayfliiw'

as a e an an .

A. J. BARKER. sbfifmedfi. n.i~?.3 y





0 I c- figfifflfiflfifihfiidfififléfimfi 1:5.in

I l , c . 01‘

E. ."B. MILETT. Fowler-ville. ighigilii.





Breeders’ Directory—Continued on page 303.





 





 





 





 





 





pedigree.





,w-".“' W+_T ~





 





"A.”





l". " 3" "XV-"3'?
'W—"r W+-' ~





u”





f _





   

 





..





 





, Veterinary. g-





s‘rhllllllllllllllilllfllllllllllllllllIllllllllllIllllllllIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIllllllllllllllllllfllllllllllllfi

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.





 





Paralysis—My four-year-old cow is

down and unable to get up, but she

eats and drinks as well as usual so far

as I can tell. Her fore parts are all

right. She is due to freshen some

time next month. Mrs. L. A.. T., Pe-

toskey, Mich—Rub her back wuth mus-

tard and water every day or two; if

her bowels are not open give her 1 lb.

of epsom salts as a cathartic; also

give her 1 dr. of fluid extract of nux

vomica and 1 dr. potassium iodide at

a dose. in a pint of water as a drench

three times a day. Try and help her

to get up.



Warts.~—My 12-year-old mare has

tWO hard lumps in mouth, one in front

of grinders, the other on upper lip,

each about the size of a hickory nut.

M. 0., Shepherd, Mich.~Have bunches

cut out. Dissolve 1 oz. borax in a pint

of water and apply to sores twice a

da .



Heavesr—My six—year-old horse has

heaves, but not the common kind, as

he does not have as much motion in

flank as usual. F. C., Osceola County,

Mich.——Feed no clover or musty, dus-

ty badly cured fodder. Give him 1 dr.

fluid extract lobelia, 1 dr. fluid extract

nux vomica and 1/2 oz. of Fowler’s so-

lution at a dose in damp feed three

times a day. Careful feeding and

avoiding feeding of much bulky dry

food, will help him. You can safely

try any of the commercial heave rem-

edies that are regularly advertised in

this paper.



Chronic Cough—l have a horse that

has had a dry hacking cough for the

past three months and I am somewhat

alarmed about him having heaves. .H.

A. H., Sebewaing, Mich.——Rub throat

with one part turpentine and three

parts camphorated oil once daily. Give

1/2 oz. powdered licorice, 2 drs. ginger

and 1/4 pt. black molasses at a dose in

feed two or three times a day.



Injured Sow.——My Poland China sow

passes some blood with urine, caused

perhaps by an injury, but she is in

good health. G. W. B., Hastings, Mich.

——She is not in need of any treatment

and will soon be all right.



Contagious Abortion—Four of my

cows have lost their calves during the

past six months and nearly all these

calves came six or eight weeks before

time and were dead. Two of them

lost their calves on grass in mid-sum-

mer. I .feed clover hay, silage and oat

straw, and I would like to know if the

feed caused miscarriage. W. G., Palms,

Mich—I am inclined to believe that

your cows suffer from contagious abor-

tion and if they are now in calf they

may carry their calves full period, es-

pecially if they are aged cows. Clean-

liness and thorough disinfection of

your stables, giving each cow 30 drops

of carbolic acid well diluted in water,

and mixed with feed daily for ten days,

each month for three months, might

help them. Any of them that are not

in calf and has a vaginal discharge

will be benefited by injecting them

daily with the following tepid lotion,

made by dissolving 1 dr. permanganate

of potash in three quarts of clean tep—

id water.



Indigestion—I have a heifer that is

out of condition, very thin and not

thriving and our local Vet. asks $10 to

treat her. F. S., Mayfield, Mich—In

my practice I am very often called to

prescribe a remedy that will fatten

thin, hide—bound and emaciated cows

and upon investigation I invariably

find the stable filthy, badly ventilated

and'the food supply either of poor

quality or non—nutritious or else they

are stinted in food allowance. Poorly





,fed cattle are too often turned out of





doors and exposed to too much cold

and stormy weather for them to thrive

or lay on flesh. Give your cow a ta-

blespoonful of ground ginger, a table-

spoonful of cooking soda and a table-

spoonful of ground gentian at a dose

in ground grain three times a day.

Keep her warm, well bedded and in

the stable.



Calf Has Sore Foot—I have a calf

three weeks old whose bowels and kid

neys do not move properly; now his

left foot or pastern is swollen, causing

h1m to drag this leg and I have thought

he was a little tender in flank. He re-

mains down most of the time, but has

a fairly good appetite. D. T. P., Web-

berv111e, Mich—Paint swelling with

equal parts t1ncture iodine and spirits

of camphor every day or two. Give

h1m 10 grs. of acetate of potash and 1

oz. of ohve oil two or three times a

day. '



Sore Throat—I have a cow that

came fresh two weeks ago. Has lost

considerable flesh since, but drinks as

if throat was sore. H. H., Ravenna,

Mich—Apply one part tincture iodine

and two parts spirits of camphor to





;, l .1.” ..:.'~'





l





throat every day‘or'two. Give her a.

teaspoonful of salt, a tablespoonful of

cooking soda an a tablespoonful of

ground gentian at a dose in feed three

times a day.



Garget.—I have a cow that freshened

June 15, 1915, and soon began giving

stringy milk, with some blood from

right hind quarter. Local Vet. treated

her, but quarter went dry. She is to

freshen soon; can I expect to redeem

that quarter? Not long ago her four-

year-old heifer freshened and the same

quarter of her bag went wrong. B. B.

C., Ithaca, Mich.———In my practice I

have sometimes succeeded in opening

up blocked quarters with air pressure,

but invariably it is unsuccessful in

chronic cases. Gentle hand-rubbing,

using some belladonna ointment will

perhaps do some good.



Loss of Appetite—~Chickens Eat

Eggs—I have some cows that have not

a very good appetite. They are fed

good corn fodder, clover hay and corn

silage. I would also like to know what

can be done to prevent chickens from

eating their eggs. J. J., Berrien

Springs, Mich—Mix together equal

parts of cooking soda, ground ginger

ground gentian and powdered charcoal

and give each cow two tablespoonfuls

at a dose in feed two or three times a

day. To guard against the formation

of the egg-eating habit, fowls should

be fed plenty of lime, oyster shell, bone

or similar substances to insure a firm

shell upon the egg; furthermore, if

you know the “egg-eater,” better, cut

her head off. This will prevent her ed-

ucating a class.



Yeast Treatment—Will you please

publish a yeast treatment for cows?

Several years ago I clipped formula

frOm the Michigan Farmer, but have

mislaid it. L. F., Ithaca, Mich—The

yeast treatment is effective in curing

barrenness in cows and mares, when

the disorder is due to an acid condi-

tion of the genital tract. The solu-

tion is made as follows: Put two heap-

ing teaspoonfuls of yeast in a pint of

boiling water; set the solution near

the stove and maintain it at a- tempera-

ture of about 70 degrees for five hours.

Add three pints of boiled water and

keep it warm (house temperature) for

another five hours, then flush the parts

with warm water first, then inject the

yeast. The animal should be mated

from two to eight, hours later.



Feeding too Much Salt—What ef-

fect would refuse salt, or the salt

which is used to sow on land, have on

dairy cows, if fed in large quantities,

and how would it affect the offspring

of cows? E. A., Walled Lake, Mich.—

Feeding cattle too much salt creates

an abnormal thirst, irritates and in-

flames mucus membrane of stomach

and bowels, retards digestion, destroys

the appetite and usually purges the an-

imal; besides, it has a tendency to

abort or dwarf foetus.



Stocking—The hind legs of my hors-

es are inclined to stock when they are

not working, or not exercised. .,

Brant, Mich—Every horse should have

exercise every day, unless they are

sick or lame. If this rule was followed

farmers would meet with fewer losses

and their stock would keep nearer

sound. Mix together equal parts of

powdered nitrate of potash. Cooking

soda, powdered charcoal and ground

gentian—give a tablespoonful at a

dose in feed once a day.



Breeding Questions—Is it advisable

to breed a filly to her sire? Our local

breeders tell me this is the proper way

to obtain the best colts. To what ex-

tent are a majority of the imported

stock horses inbred? What is line

breeding? R. H. N., Weidman, Mich.

——Un1ess both the filly and her sire

are unusually rugged and well devel-

oped and perfectly sound, I do not be-

lieve it the best way to breed. I have

known of so many disappointments

that I speak from experience.

course, you understand a great deal

can be said both for and against such

close breeding. The results are sure

to be either fairly satisfactory or high-

ly unsatisfactory. The majority of im-

ported stock horses are not closely in-

bred. A typical line-bred animal may

be the result of a cross between a fill

and colt out of the same sire, but wit

different dams. If you carry back the

pedigree of a truly inbred animal for

more than three generations, you will

generally find that almost the entire

pedigree rests in a single pair of an

cestors, and line breeding is supposed

to have most of the advantages of in-

breeding without being dangerous.

Line breeding provides for the intro-

duction of some outside blood, while

at the same time a certain strain of

desirable ancestors is being constantly

concentrated. I have always thought

that extreme inbreeding is dangerous

and as a rule line breeding is to be

preferred. The idea in both line breed-

ing and inbreeding is to increase the

proportion of a certain desirable b100d

strain, but in line breeding the ani-

mals are not so closely related as in

inbreeding. Perhaps many more words

should 'be used to make this statement

plain enough to be well understood.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





.05,“ _ __~

/ ,/.,





l





I ' Ill!" /

. , av ’ ,'

Le '; elf/11,3!“ ‘





“I Thought She Would

lleuer Amount to Anything”





Many cow owners all over the

country know what it is to see a

cow that they were about ready

to sell to the butcher become one

of their best producers through a





judicious use of the ‘

great cow

medicine





 

 





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





 

 

 





There II nothin‘ mysterious

about Kow-Kure; it is simply a medicine for

cows that stimulates and builds up the vital

organs and makes them perform properly.

It has been found especially effective for the

prevention and cure of such diseases as Abor~

. tion, Barrenness, Milk Fever, Scouring. Lost

Appetite, Bunches, Retained Ajterbirth.





GI? THIS FREE BOOK





When a cow is sick, first aid is moot

. valuable, and to know inst what to do

may save the life of a valuable ani- 7-,

mal. Our free treatise,"The Home ,,

Cow Doctor," has been very (1:.

carefully prepared and ought to

be in everyfarmer's library.

Write us today for your

copy.



Keno-Kurd {avoid byfecd dealer!

and drugged: in five and 31.00

packages.





DAIRY

.ASSOCIATION CO.

Lyndonvlllo. Vt.





 





 





noos

O. I. C. SWINE Ichafioé’fleéiiifi





strictly 0.[[. 0. type bred'to fan-ow the forepart of May,





also fall pig's rice right. Stock registered in pur-

chaser-’8 name ree of c urge. A.J.Gordcn, n.2, D0rl‘,3iit‘ll.





 





0 l C Choice Boats ready for service. . I

. . . pay express am regis-

ter fees. JULIAN P. CLAXTUN, H. 8, Flint, Mich.





POLAND GHINAS





From our thousand pound Grand Champion Boar

and Big Stretchy/Son’s of best breeding. Spring

Boars at a bargain. Bred Gilts and Brood Sows.





llillcrcst Farm, Kalamazoo, Mich.





'l b d f M . h ’ -

room oulul as: other]?anesthetist.

anteed. G. W. HOLTON, alamazoo, Michigan.

POUND CHINAS °’ theii’r‘gat"l3i'§%’rii"gxlfr‘i%?1 Guts



A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline. Michigan.

largo Strain P. 0- eigiifs‘éligi’ifigrb‘r’fffofii itfifiigceafie‘i

of spring Gilts bred for spring fan-ow sired by Big





Defender the boar that. every body goes wild over.

II. 0. SWAB’I‘Z. Schoolcrnft, Michigan.





 





 





 





 





Gilts and sows. Bred for Mar. and

“I” I PG P. G. April farrow. Sired by Big Des

Moines, ig Knox Jr.,ahd Giant Defender. Bred to Big

Knox Jr. Smooth Wonder 3 and Big J umbo, four great-

est boars in state. Come or write. W.E.Livingston,Parma,Mich.





Big Type Bears all sold. Have several good Gilts

bred to Smooth Jumbo, Jr. Top Boar of J )

Collin Sole. Priced right to go quick. LD. Gregory,lonia,Mich.





' either sex, all :1 es. Some-

FM gal. POIIINI chm]: thing good at aglow rice.

P. D. Long, R. F. D. No. 8. Grand Rapids, ich.





 





 





Poland Chinas. Both sex and all ages at

"93" Bould bargain prices. A so, B, P. Rock

Oockerels. ROBE T NEVE. Piercon. Michigan.





POLAND Chimes—Big and medium type. Gilts bred

to bi two boars for April fan-ow. In all iigs, either

sex. . . Barnes & Son, Byron, ichigan.





- Bred sow sale, Feb. 18th.

3'? T DO PI cl Write for Catalog.

W. . HA ELSEW. Augusta. Michigan.





BIG type Poland Chinas—Western bred, lon ' bodied

extra large bone, pairs or tries not akin. 'c have

Peter Mouw, H. Fesenmeyer and Geo. Marshall breed-

ing. Cnilor Write, W. Brewbnkerdr Sons, Elsie. Michigan,





EGIS’I‘ERED Poland China Spring Bears and Sows

Rat $15 each. Making thisspecial price to make room

for others. A. G. Meade, Stanton, Mich.,Colbys Ranch.





' Giltsbredf ' r

LargPeYorkshlresf,,m,,_ $3233:

boars. igs all ages. Prices Reasonable. W. C.

COOK. Route N0. 1, ADA, MICHIGAN.





Yorkshires Gilts





For March (I: April farrowing For Sale.

Waterman & Waterman. Ann Arbor, Mich.





MU LEFOOT HOGS. {gr-2‘s. ‘3?





sole. C. F. BACON, R. 3, Britton, Michigan.



' ~Nothing for sale but; A r. Boar-s.

“aIIIPSIIlI. Hog: Taking orders forspringpiigs. “'rite

your wants. John W. Snyder. St. Johns, R. No. i, Mich





. Pigs of both sex. Bred Sows,Service

Hampflllr. szne- boars. Write for rices. Price to

sell. FLOYD MYERS, R. No. , Decatur, Ind.

HAMPSHIRE Swine. The great pasture hog. Select



herd headed by a mammoth son of the Great“Look

Out." Have a. few bred sows andfall pigs for sale.

Booking orders for raring pigs in pairs and tries, not akin. at

reasonable prices, e0. E. Starr. Grass Lake; Mich.





SHEEP.





Kope Kon Farms





SHROPSHIRES and DUROCS. KINDERBOOK. 'MICH.





 





 





 

   

 

 

 

 





39—303 *





no stock for sale





oxford Down Sheep. ,, mm“,





M. F. GANSSLEY. Lennon. Michigan.





' ~Yearlin and ram lambs from Che io

I..IGUSI.IS flock of humb of Mich. Also selectm ti:

shire swine. Elmhurst Stock Farm, Almont, Mich.





HORSES





DUNHAMS

Peroherons





For Filly Years The Best





Send ior fine Photographic

Catalogue.





D u n h a m 5,

Wayne, Dupagc County, lilinois





Percheron Opportunity





 





 





 





 





 





70 must be sold to close estate.

Purebred Percheronmares at $250-$600.

American bred Stallions 3800-31000 few

higher. No salesmen need apply, we

deal direct and give terms to respon-

sible parties.





A. A. Palmer, Estate

(R.R.) Orleans. (P.0.) Balding. Mich.





FOR SALE





Thcvtrotting bred and registered stallion, "THE

001‘ UEST" 2209!. Racing and 2:16 trotting, bred by

Geo. . Ketcharn of ‘oledo, 0., owner Oreosus 2:02,

sure foal getter and will drive anywhere a gelding will.

His record 109%. world‘s record for a 4 year old, over

a half mile track when made and held 4 years by him.

Overstocked and will sellnt a price that he will pay

for himself in 30 days in sevices in any good locality.

Is not afraid of autos or street cars. Can be used as a

business horse and always has his speed. Address



I. Starkweathor. Northville. Inch.





ill HeadolPereheron 20





Stallions and Mares

As good as can be found. Royally bred. some of

them by the great $10,000. Champion Carnot( 66666).

All recorded in P. S. A. Studbook. If you want

good ones come and see me . They will be





priced right.

ii. A. llOllllS &. SON. ll. ll. lie. 4. Napoleon. Ohio.





“FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE”





Registered Percheron Stallion. lHe is a grey, sound

and in the Ten class, workswell on the farm. He is a

Grand Sonof the Great Bislque and a great moverfie

is gentle and sure this horse must go on account of

fillies. Whitney Bros. Onondaga. )lich.





Registered Percherons





2 rising two year old Percheron Stallions weight 1550

and 1600 lbs. Priced to sell. Inspection invited.

L. C. HUNT. Eaton Rapids. Michiflnn.





Percherons, Holstein, Anglos, Shro shim. Dorm

DORR D. BUELL. Imirn. lchigan.





FOR S ALE—Registered Percheron Stallion Moro-



an Fillies at reasonable ricos. In-



peotion invited. F. L. K ING & SON. Char otte.Mioh.



of black Registered Percheron Mares in foal



Pair wei h ltimlbs. Price $650.00. Also some colts.



Jose I: I’m-ken Cflopolls,!EL



—Black Percheron Stallion.



For sale 3 untold wt.1750. right every



way. Extra good one. a. bargain iii taken soon.'



Wm. Bird. St. Johns Mich.





LOESER Brit’s.





We have 100 head of Belgian and Per-

cheron Stallions and mares. Imported and

home bred. We have sold pure bred horses

in Michigan for the last 25 years,and have

the right kind, and at the right price. We

can supply any numberof work horses, both

geldings and mares. Get in touch with us.





LIGONIER, INDIANA.





FOR SALE





One Pair of Bay Belgian Mares ”





coming five and six years old, full sisters, blockybuilt.

extra good bone, feet and legs: absolutely sound and

well broken. Will weigh 3,000 pounds in good ilcsh.

are in fair condition now. A high class pair of murcs

in every way. One high class shire mare is years ()lll.

Sound, weight 1625 pounds, very active. Here is one

which will make a great brood and work mare. ilus

class enough to show at State Fair. One good ll year

old chestnut Gelding. weight 1550, sound, active. to go

with the shire mare if you want a work team. Address

Starkweather Brock Farm. Northvllle. Mich.

FOR SALE-Registered Chestnut Belgian Stallion,



seven years old, sound and sure foal getter. Weight

1&0”). register N0. 4376. Russel Harrison. illillcrebllrgdhlicln.





 





 





Raise mules and get rirh. 200

head fine large jacks; Jenny.»

and mules. 1-1 to It hands

high. Large registered jacks

and draft stallions cheap now.

Will trade for sheep,cattleor

horses.Write for pricestoday.

Stock guaranteed. Address 1 ' "W.

KREKI.ER'S JACK FARM West Elkton, Ohio





. 0R SALE-2 Belgian Stallions one Imported 10 yrs.

old Buy. weight 2100 lbs. Oolts to show. One re -

istered Home hrml 3 years old Bay, weight 2200 bot

outstanding good ones, would consider an exchangelof

one of them for another equnly as good. if interested

write. OSCAR “Wild", St. Louis, Michigan.
, f ..

mea .postcar w1th

r your name and address and I'll



send you my big new 1916 Buggy

Book—the greatest vehicle

catalog ever printed. Shows

150 stunning new styles and

explains my special price—



». splitting, money-saving offer

‘ogto 1916 Buggy buyers. Write

~e‘the postal today.





\ ~.

’/ \ l

, Venn... \\\\\\ Book for Buggy Buyers /





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





President





 





 

 

   

 





3;:1eg1te/\ My new Catalog offers you the greatest assortment

Makelyg of high grade buggies ever put out by any factory: It IS a big book





(7% X 12% incheS) handsomely printed on fine paper, profusely illustrated and richly

to § colored. Tells how well every part of my famous SPLIT HICKORY BUGGIES are made





 

 





 





   





   





 





YO "I -——shows more styles and bigger bargains than you will find in 20 stores. A penny postal





 

 

   

   

   

   

 





I brings this wonderful display right to your own door. N o matter when you expect to buy send

l§ for my book now, I. want you to have a copy of this big book right away. It will make you a

II§ better judge of buggies and. buggy values. It will convince you that Phelps Will not only sell youa

I§ better buggy—a genuine Split Hickory—but that I can and Will save you $20 to $40 by my direct





   





'=\ from factory, special price-splitting offers for 1916. Write for this big, free book today.





.N



l.‘



I- V .

=



= _



I —





Vehicles are famous the world over for beauty of style, excellence of workmanship, light running, easy



riding and long service. Nearly a quarter of a million of them are now rolling over



the roads. Everybody knows that the name “SPLIT HICKORY” on a buggy. is a M "

mark of the highest quality. For 16 years I have been putting into these vehicles 6'": M” fl 7





 





lg;





 





%'





 

 





 

 





 





=

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the finestmaterials and the most expert workmanship I could find. I have made \ can“:

“Split Hickory” a name which my customers are proud to show. My new 1916 SII

selling plan cuts prices more than ever. Gives unequaled bargains in 150 new styles. Saves you $20 to 0'8

$40 on your new rig. My free catalog tells how it is possible to sell you a genuine Split Hickory this I 50 0“".-





 

 

 

 





 





 

 





- year as low as only $39.25; And remember that on every Split Hickory I give——





 





 





3yll Days Free Road Test and 2-year Guarantee





   

 

 

 

 

   

 





 





 

 

 





ou take no chances. I let you pick out the rig you want and drive it 30 \afifi '

46 days over your own roads—under your own conditions—before ou decide. I prove the '- . ,3, 7

(3 6 Y \ ,

4. e quality. I prove the value. You test the rig for comfort, light running, style and work- \ 1

(59% (46 manship from top to tires at my risk. Be sure to write for my big free i ;

9/ “‘00 ‘1‘ 1916 Buggy Book before you buy. A postal will bring it free, post- ,. a '

(09$ <70) ,. paid. Send today. See for yourself the money you can save, Address

degvgg 96% o H. c. PHELPS, President

«2. gm - in Oh" e ' m 0

tagged... 9 e lo amage g. o.

039,0 ‘5 :90 7' Station 56 Columbus, 0. ,4

«o “x («4% ’5" o - . , E .

- o 0» {£096 Q, 0., If you are interested in a new Farm Wagon or

"x 0.» - g 50%, ‘ a new set of Harness, be sure to ask for my

\ ’60 {"7 06‘ ’1 Special Catalogs of Split Hicko? Farm Wagons

09 o , Q ' and Ohio Brand Oak Tanne Harness. Both

‘86 x o - 0&6 bookssetnt'lffgee anfi postpaid on re

5 6 W1 save oum ne .

’5 Wee 460° ‘9‘. W y—ii. 0.1313399: Pryce. , , , , .

\ 66 O . ,‘ 3 ‘

\ a. o R . , - -- _

“be \ “a. a 0 , mm lor FREE

<> . 9 %, ecmlog novi—

. . .09 My,





 





 





«5;- K, AM_‘-~A‘;‘.\».-1‘—~——-+—