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Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





 





vot. CXLV. No. 14

Whole Number 3882





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, APRIL 1, 1916





50 CENTS A YEAR.

52 FOR 5 YEARS.





The Unpaid Tenants of Our Farms





By ALFRED T. HALSTED





ACH and every farm has its ten-

ants. So'me farmers claim that

they manage to get along with-



out help. They don’t. Pardon the con-

tradiction—but, all farms are tenanted.

In our younger days some of us may

have believed in fairies and elves. We

would offer this subject as one which

the farmer can use to interest the son

in the vital problems of rural life. The

tenants referred to here are the bac-

teria and other minute organisms liv-

ing in the soil. It is this class of ten-

ants that in many instances goes un-

paid. All they require of us in return

for the inestimable services they ren-

der is their sustenance; and yet—

throughout thisgreat world of today

these soil organisms are almost at the

door of starvation. .

Prior to the year 1840 people were

of the opinion that humus or decayed

organic matter of plant origin was tak-

en by cr0ps, directly from the soil, as

plant food. They believed, in other





,words, that plants, like animals, used

‘organic matter as food. At the date





previously mentioned, Justus von Lie-

big presented systematic and rational

views on soil.‘fertility. He showed

quite conclusively that humus was not

Used by the plant except as it was first

broken down into simple compounds

and united with the elements of the

soil‘in thegfotrm of soluble mineral

salts. Even, Liebig labored under the

impression that all the changes which

took place were purely of a chemical

nature.



Through tireless work and research

it has finally come to our attention

that the disintegration of humus is not

a chemical process 'unless it be classed

biochemically. The enormous task of

breaking up crOp residues is depend—

ent upon the action of the micro- or-

ganisms of the soil. Experiment has

shown that through the action of these

organisms carbon is restOred to the air

as carbon dioxide, and nitrogen is

changed into ammonia, nitrites, and

nitrates in turn.



A factor of still greater importance

that must not escape our attention is

that the cleavage products formed, and

especially carbon dioxide, act as pow-

erful solvents in weathering or break-

ing down the 100k par-





question, “Why can not we raise the

bumper crops that our fathers were

accustomed to harvesting, if this be

true ?” To this query there can be but

one real answer. The grasping craze

for more crops and, in turn, more cash

has led us in the past years to be un—

reasonable and short-sighted. Blinded

to the present difficulty we have crop-

ped the soil year after year Without

putting anything back. We have neg-

lected to feed the soil bacteria, our

tenants, and they have gone on strike.



In this world of today a few men are

accumulating wealth at the expense of





be established to meet all conditions.

In order to meet the needs of any giv-

en field some modification of these

rules, arrived at through a considera-

tion of type of soil, climate, crop, and

the like, can be used.



Soil organisms are dependent, in

their welfare, upon the moisture con-

tent of the soil. This factor is influ-

enced by rainfall and the texture and

structure of the soil particles. Many

soils are improved by systematic drain-

age through tiling. The drainage of

soils deficient in humus is improved

by the addition of organic matter.





 





 





 





 





 





A Well-drained Soil in Good Tilth is an Ideal Home for Soil Bacteria.





fellow- -n1en. They continue to gain

while the others lose. We, as farmers,

have to work on an entirely different

basis. Only through the welfare of

the organisms on which we are de-

pendent can we reap our just gains.

Strikes are settled by mediation.

Terms are agreed upon and the work

proceeds. It would be well for us to

consider at length the requirements of

soil organisms in terms that will, in

the course of time, bring us actual

profit. Only a general set of rules can





Proper cultivation in the dry season

conserves the water supply. Micro-or-

ganisms live and multiply in the film

moisture that surrounds soil particles.

The most desirable condition for plant

and bacterial growth exists when about

one-half the entire pore space of the

soil is filled with water. When a soil

becomes water-logged the oxygen sup-

ply becomes limited and a formation

of toxic products occurs that sickens

and eventually kills the desirable or—

ganisms.





The production of carbon—dioxide in

the decomposition of organic matter is

essentially an oxidation process. The

action of micro-organisms in this work

is limited by the extent of ventilation,

or aeration, of the soil. Unless careful

tillage is practiced, the packing of soil

particles in clay land will limit bacte-

rial action to a shallow layer 011 the

surface. When you have an opportu-

nity, go to a field where clay predomi-

nates and a sod was turned under a

year ago. Dig up some of the old sod

and note its state of preservation. Gro-

ing to the opposite extreme we find

that organic matter disappears even

too rapidly in sandy soil, due to in

creased bacterial action because of an

almost unlimited supply of oxygen.

Sandy soils leach faster than others

By correcting the deficiency of humus

in the soil we have furnished bacterial

food and thus have influenced indirect-

ly the available supply of plant food.

We have helped to regulate drainage

and have improved aeration. The last

two points mentioned bear a direct in-

fluence upon another factor; namely,

soil temperature.



Two other items which influence soil

temperature are climate and season.

Bacterial growth occurs almost in di-

rect proportion to rise in temperature.

As the spring and summer seasons ad-

vance the temperature rises. The

crops grow and are cultivated. The

rise in temperature together with cul-

tivation, stimulates and increases the

bacterial growth. In turn the avail<

able plant food is increased to meet

the needs of the g1 owing c1011. Should

the c10p ripen as coolei days come, a

relative reaction occu1s in the soil.

The soil organisms become less active.

Can we find in this paragraph a logi-

cal argument in iavo1 oi keeping some

010p on the field all the time? Unless

the available plant food be used it

leaches away and is lost. Plant cover

crops. Let some of these serve as

green manure. Plow them under and

you have taken one step toward build-

ing up the humus supply in the soil

and feeding the soil bacteria.



Should our account with these or-

ganisms end here it would pay well to

be concerned with their best interests

They am willing crea-





 





ticles of the soil and

making them availa-

ble. for the use of the

c1 ops Microbes are

largely lesponsible for

all this. The very wel- .

fare of all cultivated

and uncultivated

plants bears direct re-

lation to the action of g

these Organisms of the

soil.



From the most de-

pendable authorities

we learn that the

greater share of Mich-

igan’s _,soils are well

supplied, even rich, 1n

the necessary miner-

als for crop growth.

This gives rise to the





 





,The Short Corn in Center Shows where the Leguminous Crop Failed to Grow the





 





Previous Year.





tures, however, and

are continually going

one step farther in our

behalf. Thinking that

our soils are worn out

in their mineral con-

tent and nitrogen, we

have resorted to the

purchase of commer-

cial fertilizeis. We de-

sire these to contain

potash, phosphate and

nitrogen. Our argu-

ment is that we reap

benefit in increased

yield. SOme soils are

deficient in potassium

and phosphorous; oth-

ers are not deficient in

these elements, yet





(Continued on p. 451).





 





szwA’u-M- «am.»-
450—2





 

 





'THE MICHIGAN FARMEYR





 





APRIL '1, 1916.





 





The Michigan Farmer





Established 1843. Copy right 1916.





The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.





39 to 45 cu St. Welt. Detroit. Michigan

31.12301“: MAIN 525.



NEW YORK OFFICE—381 Fourth Ave.



CHICAGO OFPC Iii—604 Advertiainz Building.



CLEVELAND OFFICE—10114015 Oregon Ave.. N. E.



PHILADELPHIA OFFICE—261463 South Third St.





M. J. LAWRENCE... . .. . ...........pmidcn

bl. L. LAWRENCE" ....Vice-Prc|ident

L. H. HOUGHTON .................................... Sag-Tran,





 





   





 





 

 

 

 





 





r. R. WATERBURY ............... .. .............. .. ‘

BURT WERMUTH ......... Associate

FRANK A. WILKEN ---------- .. Editors

ALTA LAWSON LITTELL.... ......



E. H. HOUGHTON .......................... Bunineu Mame]





 





TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:

One year. 52 tunes-m

Two yearn. 104 inner-

Three years. 156 inn ..

Five years, 260 iunu ........................................... 2,00

All lent poatpaid.

Canadian lubacriptiona 50¢ a year extra for postage.





 

 

 





 





RATES OF ADVERTISING:



40 cents per line agate type mealnrcment. or 85.60 per

inch (14 ante lines per inch) per insertion. No adv't in

Ierted for less than $1.20 each ineertion. No objection

able advertiaementa inserted at any price.





Mern Standard Fun Pa I'I Association and Audit

menu of irculation.





 





 





Enterd as second clau matter at the Detroit. Michigan.

pottoflice.





DETROIT, APRIL 1, 1916





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





In another column of

this issue appears a

synopsis of a. talk

given by one of

Michigan’s prominent dairymen at the

Lenawee County Round-up Farmers’

Institute, in which several very perti-

nent questions are asked. A member

of our staff was present at the insti-

tute in question, and in view of the

findings made public in the New York

bulletin mentioned in the article,

which have since been given careful

consideration, we have considered it

a fanrable and auspicious time for a

general discussion of the milk inspec-

tion problem from all angles. By way

of opening this discussion, the dairy

farmer’s side of the question has been

first presented by the publication of

this address as above noted. In a sub-

sequent issue the feasibility of making

adequate tests of the milk delivered

by patrons at receiving stations will

be discussed in our Practical Science

Department, the editor of which has

had a broad experience as a dairy and

food chemist, which has fitted him to

speak with authority on this subject.

City health officers will also be invited

to contribute their views.



As an abstract proposition the Mich.

igan Farmer is in complete sympathy

with the views expressed in the discus-

sion of the subject presented in an-

other column of this issue. Except for

the fact that the health officials of De-

troit and other large cities have pre;

viously, in pursuing the laudable un-

dertaking of safeguarding the public

health, seemed to be directing their

energies in the main along lines in

reasonable accord with generally ac-

cepted scientific theories, we should

have long since taken occasion to

make merited criticism of instances

which have been called to our atten-

tion in which arbitrary and seemingly

unfair rulings have operated not only

against producers, but as well against

city consumers of milk, by excluding

the product of some very excellent

dairies, the owners of which would not

submit to the dictation of arrogant, if

not incompetent milk inspectors in the

employ of the city board of health.

But in view of the legitimacy of the

object sought and the undoubted diffi-

culty of developing an inspetcion ser-

vice of this kind without the making of

some mistakes, we have counseled

dairymen to comply with the demands

and standards set by the health au-

thorities, and through organized effort

seek a price for their product which

would compensate them for the in-

creased 'c‘ost of production entailed by

such compliance.



While such compliance has been gen-

eral throughout the territory supply-

ing large cities which Michigan dairy-

men have helped to supply, the dairy-





Milk Inspection

Methods.





men supplying same have, in our opin-

ion, failed to secure adequate compen-





, sation, and the very fact that the De-





troit Board of Health found it neces-

sary to make a. ruling that all milk con-

tributing to the city milk supply must

be pasteurized is in itself a practical

confession that the methods of inspec-

tion in vogue have not been productive

in securing a milk supply of trust

worthy and unimpeachable quality. In

other words the experience of the city

boards of health seems to have con«

clusively proven the very reasonable

fact that up-to—date stables and mod-

ern utensils do. not necessarily insure

a high class milk product from appar-

ently healthy and well kept cows. The

personal equation is the great factor

in the quality of the product. Indeed,

from the findings reported in the New

York bulletin above mentioned it‘over-

shadows every other consideration.

The present methods of inspection do

not give proper consideration to this

factor. Only a laboratory test of the

individual patron’s product made at

the receiving station can do justice to

him and insure the best milk supply

for city consumers.



It will be made the purpose of this

discussion as developed in future is-

sues to first determine the practicabil-

ity of this apparently desirable plan of

milk inspection. If it should prove to

be easily possible of application, as

seems most probable, the dairy farm-

ers of the state will be urged to de~

mand, both singly and through their

organizations; the abandonment of the

the present arbitrary methods of choos-

ing sources of supply for city milk,

without special regard for the quality

of the product, for a system of real

milk inspection which will at once do

justice to both producer and consumer.





There are now pend-

ing before Congress

one or more bills re-

lating to the ques~

tion of the deve10pment of water pow-

er on the public domain by private

capital. It is claimed by the sponsors

of this legislation that a provision is

contained whereby the government

could regain control of the water pow-

er rights after a period of fifty years

by indemnifying the party or parties

to whom the grant for development is

made.



On the other hand, conservation

leaders maintain that this provision

contains a joker, and that really the

government would be unable to recov-

er the properties without paying for

and taking over all of the business for

which electrical current might be sup«

plied from such water power develop-

ments. An association has been form-

ed for the alleged purpose of educat~

ing the public in the matter of water

power developments, to the end that

such legislation may be enacted. Pronr

inent conservationists are, on the oth-

er hand, exerting themselves to defeat

the enactment of the legislation.



The busy public can hardly be ex-

pected to go deeply into a proposition

of this kind. There is no doubt, how-

ever, that public sentiment is very

largely in sympathy with the conser-

vation idea. There can scarcely be a

doubt, that even though the husband-

ing of natural resources by conserva—

tion methods may arrest immediate in-

dustrial development to some degree,

the public may in the end he benefited

by such a course. There has in re—

cent years been a marked tendency

toward concentration of water power

interests. Should private capital se-

cure a monopoly on water power

rights, an actual combination of such

interests or even a “gentlemanly agree-

ment” might mean a long fight to es-

cape indirect taxation for the enrich-

ment of such interests.



_Michigah'is7 interested in this prop-

osition only indirectly since the greater

portion of Michigan’s natural resources

in this direction are already develop-

ed or are in the process of develop-

ment. Past experience in the exploita-

tion of our natural resources by pri-





Conservation vs.

Development.





vate Capital asa general proposition

would seem, however, to point to the

desirability of conserving those which

remain intact for the greatest benefit

to the greatest number of our people.

How this desirable end may best be

accomplished is not an easy question

to answer.

people’s repreSentatives in Congress

must answer, however, so far as pend-

ing water power legislation is con-

cerned.





For various reasons, the

Starting the beginning of the sea-

Fiscal Year. son’s farming campaign



is a good time for the

beginning of the farmer’s fiscal year.

Ordinarily, the active campaign on the

farm begins about April 1. At that

time the stock of grain and forage

crops is largely marketed or fed out,

so that the task of making an inven-

tory of farm property is considerably

simplified. Then, too, the crops grown

and the live stock produced on the

farm during the coming year will be

largely if not wholly marketed before

the fiscal year closes, if it is dated

from April 1.



Much has been written with regard

to the desirability of keeping an ac-

count of the farm business which will

aid the owner of the farm in determin-

ing whether it is operated at a profit

or loss, and the factors of his business

which have contributed to such profit

or loss. Such a system of accounting

should be adopted on every farm.



A simple system of accounting which

has been adopted for farm demonstra-

tion purposes was described in an arti-

cle relating to a farm survey in Kent

county in a recent issue of this paper.

The farmers in counties having county

agents should at once make applica~

tion to their county agent for the sim-

ple account book which has been adop-

ted for this purpbse, for the reason

that at the end of the year they can se.

cure aid of the farm demonstrator in

making deductions with regard to the

profit or loss resulting from the sea-

son’s operations and secure sugges-

tions which the data compiled from

many farm demonstrations indicate in

a general way to be essential for the

making of a maximum labor income

from the operation of the farm.





Those not so situated should at least

plan for the keeping of some simple

farm account, not only of receipts and

expenditures, but with each crop

grown and each department of the

farm business. The possession of a

record of this kind will be most valu-

able in the analysis of one’s own busi-

ness after the season’s experience has

been completed. The keeping of such

a record involves the investment of

but a little time, and the benefits to be

derived are out of all proportion to the

effort required.





The “town meet-

ing” held on the

first Monday in Ap-

pril is in some es-

sentials the only surviving example of

a pure democracy exhibited in govern-

mental affairs. At the general meet-

ing called after the noon recess, the

general legislation for the township is

taken up. Here appropriations are

made for various purposes in which

unfortunately a large proportion of the

electors generally take little interest.

This is partly due to the fact that con-

fidence is generally felt in the town-

ship officers who are known to all the

voters, and their recommendations are

quite generally accepted in the mak-

ing of needed appropriations.



There is, too, the factor of neglect

on the part of the voter who may not

find it entirely convenient to be pres-

ent at this general meeting. Quite

frequently many voters do not take the

trouble of going to the polls unless es-

pecially solicited to come by some can-

didate for office. Generally, it is this

class that are most ready to criticize

the action taken at the township meet-

ing in the matter of appropriations or

the subsequent action of the township





The Annual Town

Meeting.





board in administering the affairs of 000





It is a question which the '





the municipality. Obviously it is ev-

ery man’s duty to register his vote at

the township meeting as at every oth-

eer election. ' , ‘





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





Foreign.

The European Wan—The European





conflict continues along the old lines '





with no important gains by either side

announced. The German attack on

Verdun was renewed last week with

fresh troops, but to no avail. Artillery

engagements along much of the west-

ern front are common these days, the

heavrest being in the vicinity of the

Verdun fortress. The Russians launch-

ed offensives in Galicia, at the center

and on the extreme northern end of

their lines in Europe and the Teutonic

Allies have been obliged to yield ter-

ritory in Galicia, while at the other

two points the Russians show that

they have thoroughly recovered from

the campaign of the summer of 1915.

In Asia Minor the Czar’s forces are

making consistent advances against

Turks. No important news has been

received from the Italian and Balkan

fronts this week. In the north sea a

British flotilla is reported to have

routed a German squadron and an at-

tack was made upon the German air-

ship sheds in Schleswig-Holstein on

March 25 in which three British areo-

planes are reported lost.





The Mexican Expedition—General

Villa and his followers appear to have

eluded the “trap” in which they were

reported to be caught last week and

are now free to make the mountainous

districts of southern Chihuahua and

northern Durango. The American

forces are 250 miles from El Paso and

unless Carranza’s soldiers bring the

elusive bandit to a stand this distance

will be greatly increased during the

present week. An engagement be-

tween the bandit’s forces and Carran-

za’s troops near Mamiquipa last week

only temporarily checked the farmer’s

retreat.



The Channel steamship Sussex, car-

rying many Americans was sunk last

week probably by a German submar-

ine. No warning was given. The mat~

ter is being thoroughly investigated by

Washington officials and should the

findings substantiate the above state-

ments diplomatic relations between

the United States and Germany will

likely suffer further strain. The Brit-

ish liner Minneapolis was also sunk in

the Mediterranean Sea. The fate of

the crew is not known. ‘





A conference of various high gov-

ernment officials of the Entente Allies

is being held in Paris this week to

consider military and political situa-

tions brought about by the war.



China seized cases of shells and cart-

ridges being conveyed to the Kiang

Nan Arsenal in Shanghai. A protest

against the seizure was made by two

Germans.



The Sir Ernest Shackleton’s Antarc-

tic expedition has been marooned at

their Ross sea base by the breaking

away of their steamer Auroro. It is

believed that a relief expedition will

have to be sent to the rescue of the

party.



A call has been issued to organized

labor in all countries for a world con~

gress to be assembled at the same time

and place that the belligerents meet





to make terms for ending the world,





war.



Members of the American Commis-

sion who are endeavoring to arrange

for closer trade relations between the

United States and South American

countries are now at Rio Janeiro, Bra-

zil. A general conference will soon be

held at Buenos Aires, Argentine.





National.





The war department at Washington

is making a special effort to bring the

number of men in the army up to the

maximum peace footing by adding 24,~

000 men. A total of 1,338 were added

during the first ten days of the cam-

paign.



Loss estimated at half a million doI~

lars resulted from fire in freight sheds

at Houston, Texas.





.Despite the fact that the produc-

tion of copper in this country has ex-

panded to new proportions during the

present year, it is not keeping pace

With the present unprecedented rate or

consumption.



A daughter born to Mr. and Mrs.

Francis sayre, Sunday, is the second

granddaughter of President Wilson.



Mrs. H. G. Kerns and Mrs. J. Boh-

net, prominent Lansing women, were

instantly killed when the automobile

in which they were riding was struck

by a Michigan Central train at Chelsea.



Six persons met death in a club

house fire at San Antonio, Texas, early

Sunday morning.



Fire destroyed a finishing mill on

Russell street, Detroit, Monday morn-

ing, entaillng a loss estimated at $50,—





 

 





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“APRIL 1, 1916.





THE MICHIGAN FARMFR





Disinfejction ‘of Seed Potatoes





HE treatment of seed potatoes



with formaldehyde or with cor-



rosive sublimate has been rec-

ommended for many years as a pre-

ventive of scab and other diseases car-

ried on the tubers.



Such treatment is, on the whole,

profitable, but has several limitations

which should be clearly recognized to

prevent disappointment, according to

the specialists of the United States

Department of Agriculture. The ob-

ject of disinfecting seed potatoes is 'to

destroy the germs of scab and other

surface parasites which might other-

wise be planted with the seed and in-

fect the new crop. Only surface in-

fections are reached by this method.

It is only partially effective against

deep pits of common scab. Formalde-

hyde is less effective than corrosive

sublimate against the black sclerotia

or resting bodies of Rhizoctonia or rus-

set scab, and against powdery scab.

Neither chemical, as ordinarily used,

will destroy silver scurf. Either one

will kill surface infections of black-

leg, but neither will reach the internal

infections common in tubers from the

black-leg hills. Neither fusarium wilt

nor late blight infection in potato tu-

bers can be reached by any seed treat-

ment, nor can any of the non—parasitic

diseases of potatoes, such as mosaic,

leaf roll and curly dwarf, be prevent-

ed. See Farmers’ Bulletin 544 for de-

scriptions of these troubles.



Clearly, therefore, the most import-

ant precaution against these diseases

is‘to select clean, disease-free seed po-

tatoes from healthy, vigorous plants,

as determined by field inspection dur-

ing the growing season and at harvest.





' Seed treatment should then be applied





as an additional precaution. It will

not be effective, however, if the soil

where the potatoes are to be planted

is already full of disease.



Soil Conditions and Potato Diseases.



Soil conditions have an important

relation to potato tuber diseases, and

many of these are widely spread

throughout the country, perhaps native

to some soils. Common scab is fav-

ored by a neutral or slightly alkaline

soil, and seldom gives trouble in acid

soils. It is, therefore, increased by

liming and by fresh stable manure,

Wood ashes, and alkaline fertilizers,

such as nitrate of soda and ground

bone, while acid phosphate and sul-

phate of ammonia tend to diminish

scab.



Rhizoctonia occurs to some extent

in nearly all soils, but appears to at-

tack potatoes most when the condi-

tions are unfavorable to the best de-

velopment of the potato plant. Bring

the land to an ideal state of tilth to

minimize loss from Rhizoctonia.



Powdery scab is worst on cold, wet

or poorly drained soils. Black-leg, on

the other hand, is carried by infected

seed. No potatoes showing a deep

brown discoloration at the stem end

should be planted.



Sulphur tends to prevent common

scab. It is not a substitute for cor-

rosive sublimate or formaldehyde, but

is a good drier for cut seed. Applied

to scab-infected soils at the rate of

500 pounds per acre it reduces the

scab, but such heavy applications can

not be generally recommended as prof~

itable. Preliminary experimental trials

are advised.



How to Disinfect Seed.



The formaldehyde treatment con-

sists in soaking the potatoes, before

cutting, for two hours in a solution

made by adding one pint of formalde-

hyde to 30 gallons of water. The solu-

tion can be used repeatedly. The gas

treatment is no longer recommended.



Corrosive sublimate is used at the

rate of 1~1000 for one and a half to two

hours. Dissolve two ounces of the salt

in hot water and dilute it to 15 gallons.

This is a deadly poison. Use with

great care. It must also be kept in

wood,‘ porcelain or glass vessels asit

attacks metal. It is mere effective





than formaldehyde, more particularly

against RhizOctonia and powdery scab.

Do not use the same solution more

than three times as the strength di-

minishes with each lot of potatoes

soaked.



To treat large quantities, set several

barrels on a slightly elevated platform.

Fit a plug in a hole in the bottom of

each barrel, fill with potatoes, cover

with solution, let stand two hours,

draw off solution and pour into another

barrel. Increase the number of bar-

rels in proportion to the quantity to

be treated. Another method is to use

a large wooden vat or trough, into

which the potatoes in sacks are lower-

ed by a rope and pulley, and later

hauled out, drained and dried on slat-

ted racks. >



Seed potatoes may be treated sev-

eral weeks before planting, provided

they are not reinfected by storing in

old containers or storage bins.



Sprouted potatoes are injured by

treatment, but will throw out new

sprouts. In general, however, pota-

toes will not be injured by following

the above directions. Many growers

believe germination is improved by

treatment.





 





THE UNPAID TENANTS OF OUR

FARMS.





(Continued from first page).

they are thought to 'be from the fact

that their supply is locked up in an un-

available form. In such instances hu-





 





will start of their own accord. It is

quite often advisable to take exception

to the best of rules. One exception to

the above rule is found in a considera-





tion of alfalfa. Even here the'rule will '





hold true. However, quicker and more

certain results are always obtained

(other conditions being favorable)

when inoculation is practiced. Al-

though we do not make a regular prac-

tice of inoculating the soil for other

leguminous crops, yet increase in yield

is most often accomplished from such

a practice quite profitably. When we

do not inoculate we depend upon the

presence of the desired organisms in

the soil. It is a proven fact that le-

gumes do not thrive without the co-

operation of soil organisms. Try as

you may and you will not find a heal-

thy bean plant without nodules on its

roots.



Many of us, in cleaning the stables,

pitch the compost out into a pile.

Sometimes this pile is where it catch-

es the rain water from the eaves. Heat

is generated in the pile. The moisture

and food content of the pile are ideal

for bacterial growth. Micro—organisms

abound in the feces. These organisms

start growth in the compost and break

down or digest the organic matter

present. In this manner it is rendered

soluble. The rain water from the

eaves takes it up and drains it away.

It is lost. A remedy for this can be

had at moderate cost. A compost pit

built of concrete will keep the liquid

manure from leaching away. Another

simple remedy is to haul the compost

directly to the fields and spread it.



Anything further than a general con-





 





 





 





 





A Simple, Convenient and Inexpensive Concrete Manure Pit.





mus is also invariably lacking. The

difficulty is remedied by building up

the organic content of the soil.



Nitrogen, in fertilizing materials, is

expensive. The air is all around us.

It is about three—fourths nitrogen. It

would not be asking too much of our

tenants were we to call upon them to

capture some of this nitrogen for us.

To this end practice some crop rota-

tion which allows for a legume, prefer-

ably clover, once in every three or

four years. If all conditions can be

made favorable it is well to consider

a longer rotation including alfalfa as

the legume.



Time and again the question arises,

“If my soil is depleted, how am I to

get soil organisms started on my

farm?" An answer might be of this

nature: Make the required conditions

right by adding humus and if neces-

sary lime to the soil and the organisms





sideration of this subjem at this time

is quite out of the question. The study

of soil organisms is still in its infancy.

New factors of great importance are

brought to light through research all

the time. It has been the aim of the

Writer to leave with you an impression

of the stupendous w0rk of these min-

ute soil organisms. In the past, either

their existence has been entirely over-

looked, or their importance has been

underestimated and they have been

neglected. We have been the ones to

suffer loss from this negligence. They,

our unpaid tenants, are willing to come

back and work for us even while we

sleep, if we use them right. It pays

to feed the soil bacteria. '





In' this connection proper considera-

tion should be given to the possible

need of lime to correct soil acidity. A

sweet, or at least a neutral soil, is nec-

essary for a maximum development of

beneficial soil bacteria—Editors.





3—451





CROP AND FERTILIZER QUES-

TIONS.





 





Permanent Pasture.~





I have 15 acres of new ground,- a

sandy loam, seeded to rye last fall. I

would like to know what kind of seeds

to sow for a permanent pasture, also

the quantity and time of sowing. I

thought some of the seeds should have

been sown last fall, but neglected do‘





ing so.



Barry Co. W. D. C.



I would not advise sowing the seeds

for a permanent pasture on this field

of rye this spring. Many of the seeds

would not be covered and would not

grow. It would be better to harvest

the rye when ripe, plow the ground

at once and harrow it thoroughly until

August 15 or thereabouts and then sow

the permanent pasture mixture. The

following makes a splendid mixture for

permanent pasture:



Timothy, mammoth clover, white

clover, sweet clover, orchard grass,

meadow oat grass, meadow fescue,

sheep fescue, Canada bluegrass, rye

grass, alfalfa, red clover, and Bromus

Inermis.



You can buy this combination al~

ready mixed or buy each separately

and mix yourself. If you mix equal

parts by measure it will be all right.



The first year it should not be heav-

ily pastured. Let it become well estab-

lished. It will pay to clip it and leave

the clippings on the land. If it is heavy

enough it could be saved for hay.



Speltz or Barley, Which?



What is best to raise here, Speltz

or barley? When is speltz sown—in

the spring or fall? If in spring, how

early, also amount of seed per acre,

and is it drilled or broadcasted‘ How

early is barley sown, before or after

oats, amount of seed per acre, and is

it best drilled or broadcasted?



Livingston C0. N. T. H.



If your land is extra fertile I would

prefer to grow barley, but if it lacks in

fertility or is quite sandy then prob—

ably speltz would do fully as well or

better.



Speltz is spring grain, but. there is a

winter variety. Very little of this,

however, is grown here. Sow one and

a half to two bushels. It is always bet—

ter to drill in grain, otherwise much of

the seed is not properly covered and is

lost. It is difficult, however, to drill

speltz on account of the heavy hull.

The drill must be set for more than

the usual amount of seed.



Both oats and barley should be sown

early in spring. But I would sow the

oats first. Oats should be sown just

as soon as the ground can be properly

worked. Don’t put off sowing barley

too long. Sow as soon after oats as

possible.



Two Forage Crops in One Season.



Last spring in the Michigan Farmer,

Mr. Lillie told about raising peas for

the canning factory and using the

vines for ensilage. Also about disking

the ground afterwards and planting to

corn. I am trying to get started in

the dairy business and have to sow

corn to carry the cows through the

summer. Now, I would like to ask his

opinion on a few points. Is it a pay-

ing proposition to sow peas, or peas

and oats as early as possible in the

spring and cut with the mowing ma-

chine and put into the silo for sum-

mer use, and then disk up the ground

and plant to 90-day field corn? Or

Would it be better to plant peas and

oats on ground to be seeded to alfalfa,

and then disk up and sow to alfalfa

after cutting the oats and peas? What

kind and how much peas should I sow

to the acre? Also, about how many

tons to the acre ought they to go on

good Clay‘soil? We have covered this

ground this winter with the litter from

the stables. Also, what can I do to a

field of alfalfa this spring to get the

June grass out of it?



Monroe Co. F. L.



I think it entirely practical to grow

a crop of cats and field peas for hay

and then disc up the ground thorough-

ly and grow a crop of early maturing

corn for silage. So, too, can the land

he plowed immediately after cutting

early clover for hay and planted to

corn for silage. The latter case is the

most risky, because the ground must

be plowed and at this time of the year

by plowing we might lose so much

moisture that germination of the corn

would be endangered, but with peas
52-— 4





 

 





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won'mr oars Prim m



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One of the best varieties grown in Michigan.

Young-Randolph Seed Co. Owooeo. Michigan





OAT SEED





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Pedigiiiuiied flats





$1.00 PER BUSHEL





Two varietiesJWorthy and Alexander.

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The Holmes Grain Co.





MARLETTE, MICH.





 





HRISTIANSEN. . A . MICH.

Member Michigan Experiment Association.

. I

Proprietors

' z . .eed growing farms in the County of Essex‘

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SEED CORN





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‘ . C . 1914 . Price83.25

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Early Washington

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The E. W. Armstrong Co.,





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Pedigreed Oats:





"‘ Worthy. Alexander and other varieties. bred by the

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SENSATION—IB bus. per acre. Also Learning

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N FARMER





and oats the land can be preparedby

disking with little or no loss of mois-

ture. One must be prepared to do this

work at once as the ground dries out

rapidly at this season of the year.

Alfalfa can also be sown after peas

and oats cut for hay. In each case the

pea and oat crop should be out quite

early.



Use the common Canada field pea.

Mix them equal parts by measure and

sow two and a half to three bushels

per acre. On good land with a favor-

able season two to four tons of hay

can be produced.





Cleaning Alfalfa of June Grass.

The best and only way to take the

June grass out of this alfalfa is to cul-

tivate it with an alfalfa harrow. This

is simply a spring-tooth harrow or cul-

tivator with rather pointed teeth. This

cultivating should be done as early in

the spring as you can get onto the

land. It will probably be necessary

to barrow both ways to get all the

June grass.



If the fieldhad been fertilized liber-

ally with phosphorous, (super-phos-

phate or acid phosphate), each year

the alfalfa would probably have been

able to fight its own battles. It would

be so vigorous that the J1me grass





‘aw—gp.





could not get a good ‘start.





Getting a Stand of ngover.



I have a 40—acre field of sandy land

and would like to get this land seed-

ed. This land was plowed last fall

and I sowed 10 acres to wheat. Be‘

fore sowing the wheat I sowed 600

pounds of hydrated lime to the acre

and dragged it in and then sowed 500

pounds of fertilizer to the acre and

dragged it in. The wheat was looking

good when the snow came and covered

the ground. What kind of clover seed

had I better sow on this 10 acres, and

do you think this piece of land is in

shape to get a catch of clover? Do

you think it would be beneficial to

treat the clover seed with pure culture

before I sow it and what time of the

spring would you advise me to sow the

seed? Some think to sow the clover

seed in March would be better than

to sow in April or May. What would

be your idea of fitting the other 30

acres to seed without a crop? I have

thought of spreading straw on the

next 10 acres and then sowing the

seed. I thought the rotten straw would

help preserve the moisture and keep

the wind from blowing the sand, as it

does sometimes in the spring. I sow«

ed lime on the whole 40 acres last fall.

If I had manure to use I would get

some phosphate to so on this 10 acres

if I knew it woul save me a seed

catch, but I will not have very much

manure to use with the phosphate

rock and they advocate to use the two

together. I would like to get this 40

acres seeded to alfalfa some time if it

is possible to do so. I have seen good

fields of alfalfa growing on a good

deal poorer ground than this 40 acres

——but alfalfa is very hard to get a good

stand here. I could summer-fallow the

other 20 acres till August or the last

of July, and try seeding it to alfalfa

if I knew just how to fit it up to get

the alfalfa to have an ideal seed bed,

so it would not be a failure. I do not

want to go to a big expense unless I

am pretty certain of getting good re-

sults. I would be glad of any good

advice. I would try some hardwood

ashes if I could get them.



Kent Co. J. T.



This land ought to be in good shape

to get a stand of clover. I believe you

will get it. On clay soil that honey-

combs by freezing, the best time to

sow clover is early in the spring be-

fore freezing weather is over. Then

the action of the frost will bury the

seed. But on light sandy soil many

think it is better to wait until the

land is dry enough to barrow. Then

sow the clover and harrow with a

slant-tooth drag. The barrow will do

the wheat little or no harm. Common

June clover is best. Sow about eight

quarts of seed per acre. (Many use

but four quarts per acre, which is suf-

ficient under favorable conditions).





If this land has not grown clover for

years it would certainly be a good plan

to inoculate the seed with pure cul-

ture.



Prepare a good fine seed bed on the

other 30 acres and sow to clover alone,

using 300 to 400 pounds of fertilizer.

Better use one ton of ground lime~

stone per acre before sowing the clo-

ver, ahd harrow it into the soil. It





 





APRIL 1. 1916.





will be an excellent plan to topdress

with the straw after clover is sown.

Spread straw with a manure spread-

er if possible, so as to get it even and

fine. Acid phosphate will give good

results without manure. It is already

Water soluble.



I would not be afraid to sow this 30

acres to alfalfa this spring. Do just

as I have said for clover. If you use

500 pounds of acid phosphate and one

ton of ground lime, and then top-dress

with straw one could almost guarantee

a stand. If you sow to alfalfa be sure

and do a good job of inoculating the

seed.



Hardwood ashes would be excellent

to use, as they would furnish lime and

also potash. But wood ashes are

scarce in this county now. I doubt if

they could be obtained in commercial

quantities.



A Catch-Crop Pasture.



I have bought a farm that is quite

sandy, with some gravel, and as there

is no pasture on it the question is,

what can I sow that will make pasture

this season? Can I sow something

that will make pasture for both cows

and hogs? Have been thinking of sow-

ing oats, peas and rape and seeding

with orchard grass and timothy. Or

if there is something better to sow

please advise me and how much of

each“ to soW'pe“ acre? Is there‘s.

spring rye and does it yield very well?



Osceola Co. J. H.



A catch-crop pasture can never be

depended upon like a well established

June grass, clover or a mixed grass

pasture. However, it is better than no

pasture.



I know of nothing better to sow for

this pasture than what J. H. suggests,

oats, peas, rape and clover, on good

rich land this would yield abundantly

but on sandy land—well, it all depends

on the sand and the season.



Manure the field well. If you have

no stable manure use fertilizers. Acid

phosphate and tankage. There is he

tie potash to be had this year.



Mix peas and oats equal parts by

weight, and sow three bushels per

acre, also five pounds of dwarf Essex

rape and six pounds of clover. Sow

oats and peas first, fairly deep. Then

sow rape and clover and roll. You

can sow rape and clover mixture with

grass seed attachment of drill at same

time you sow peas and oats by scat-

tering seed ahead of drill teeth.



A Nurse Crop for Permanent Pasture.



Would you please give me some in—

formation regarding a piece of new

ground that I cleared last summer?

It is heavy clay ground. I wish to

seed it this spring and keep it for pas‘

ture. What kind of clover would you

sow, and what is best for a nurse crop

on this kind of land? I think it is too

rich for cats. How would speltz or

barley do on such ground and which

is the best feed for hogs and cattle?



Osceola Co. C. B.



This is not the best kind of land for

speltz. Speltz does better on a drier

sandier soil. If oats would lodge on

this soil barley certainly would also.

But if you get a. variety of oats with

a good stiff straw and sow them rather

thin, say one and a half bushels per

acre, 1 don’t think they will be apt to

lodge badly. Of course, if a bad

storm comes at the right time any

crop will be blown down. Barley re-

quires a rich soil and if sown thin, one

and a half bushels, it will be safe to

sow. I like to hear one talk about

land too rich to grow oats and barley.

We don’t usually have it rich enough.

Barley will make the best hog feed.



Use the following mixture: Timothy,

white clover, alsike, red Clover, sweet

clover, redtop, tall fescue, and sheep

fescue. You can buy mixtures of this

sort ready mixed or buy the seeds sep-

arately and mix equal parts by meas-

ure. Sow the oats or barley, then sow

the grass mixture and harrow lightly

with slant-tooth harrow and then roll,

with. corrugated roller.



COLON C. LILLIE.





Too Many Odrers.



Joseph Newman, Dorr, Mich., who

has been advertising day-old chicks,

writes: “Please discontinue my ad.

I am getting more orders than 'I can

fill.”





 





"’13:."
il





1‘





15.





 





APRIL 1, 1916.





Oat Smut





One day last summer as I was going

along a road about a mile from a thriv-

ing Indiana tOWn I came to a good

looking field of oats. I noticed a few

“blasted” heads from the road, and so

I dismounted from my wheel and walk

ed into the field a little way. I then

found that the diseased heads were

considerably more abundant than I had



t first thought. I commenced picking



ae of them, and by actual count, I



thered 127 smutted heads without

moving other than to turn around in

my tracks. In view of the publicity

which has recently been given the for-

malin treatment as a preventive of

smut the severity of the infection in

this field was a surprise to me.

expected that with most progressive

farmers the treatment had become as

much a part of the standard procedure

in preparing oats for seed as is fan:

ning them, unless they were known to

be practically free of smut. Certainly

there are some farmers, however, prob-

ably not of the progressive type, who

do -not take the precaution just men-

tioned. A man may lose part of his

crop yield through a‘pumber of causes

and the loss be no reflection on im-

self as a farmer, but a serious loss

from oat smut is a reflection on the

farmer because there is a cheap, eas-

ily applied and effective way to pre-

vent suCh losses.



One cause for failure to take steps

against the disease is probably a lack

of realization of the total toll on the

crop which it takes. It is sometimes

said that a large number of “blasted”

heads indicates a large crop; and so it

does in a way. When the season and

soil are such that the crop grows vig-

orously the conditions are also best

for the development of smut and for

the growth of the smutted plants till

the blackened heads can be seen

among the normal heads. In years

when growth conditions are poor the

infected plants may never head out, or

if they do the stalks are apt to be so

short that they are pretty thoroughly

hidden by the normal plants. Even in

years of plentiful rainfall and conse-

quent rapid growth many more smut-

ted heads are hidden well down below

the normal heads than are found up on

a level with them. If one would meas-

ure, off small spaces in his field, count

all the stalks and determine the pro-

portion of heads destroyed by smut he

would in most cases have a much more





serious notion of the real damage done.





The Remedy.



The remedy is simple, effective, and

easy to apply. It depends on the fact

that the disease is caused by spores

which cling to the seed and infect the

seedling. It consists in applying to the

seeds a chemical which will kill the

spores but will not injure the seed for

planting purposes. This chemical is

formaldehyde. Put a pint of commer-

cial formaldehyde (40 per cent solu-

tion) in 50 gallons of water. Pile the

oats on the floor and sprinkle the for-

maldehyde solution over them until

they are damp but not wet, meanwhile

shoveling them over until the solution

is evenly distributed over them. Rake

them into a compact pile and cover

well with gunnyvsacks or other cloth

to prevent evaporation and leave for

from two to ten hours. After that they

may be planted at once or kept as

long as desired. In either case they

should be spread out evenly and dried

rapidly. It may be necessary to stir

several times in order to insure quick

and thorough drying. Care should be

taken after treatment not to put the

treated grain in sacks containing smut

spores or to drill it from drills simi-

larly contaminated or these things will

undo much of the work. If necessary

bags and drills should be treated to a

thorough application of the solution in

order to free them from the spores.

For the treatment of large quantities





of grain, machines which do satisfac- '





tory work are now on the market.

Indiana. . C. A. LUDWIG.





 





I





I had]





 





 





 





5—453





THE MICHIGAN ,FARMER





 





‘:





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The Spreader with the

Beater on the Axle





ONLY hip high to the top, but . .

has big drive wheels. Wheels» '5 ‘"

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Mounting the beater on the axle (a patented feature) does away with half the types of castings.





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Write for John Deere Spreader booklet. Tells all

about farm manures and fertilizers, how to store

manure, its value, and how to spread it most econ-

omically. Also contains illustration in colors.





John Deere Two-Way Plow

Steel F rame— Patent Auto Foot F rame—Shift

lGHl Y pra. -=





all in one direction‘on hillsides or elsewhere. Also





 





' and convenient'for working soil





 

 

   

 

 





adapted for plowing irregular shaped pieces of land : 3‘“ “'7 12;. _, .., , . , — , .. . . , f

or any other‘kind of plowing. lfiv -~l.." 7‘ -_ " -~=‘ ‘ -' f: ‘ . 51:. :5

' - . 1 w . . - *‘ "I. ~

Auto foot frame shift works with great exactness. irr— '4 ,, .3 ~ . _' j; . ,2 ’5“? ‘ .





Slight foot pressure swings frame and moves work-

ing plow the degree required. Patented.





Automatic horse lift—no work for operator. Each '2,» - fl 1..., x t": f ‘ -

plow independent of other—each has own depth ‘ 2323‘ "‘- gigfigL‘ _.,‘ 1?,"





regulating lever and lifting device. . ‘

Write for b’ooklet. John Deere Disc H new

The Flexible Spring Pressure Disc





 





ODEL B——the only disc that cuts at even depth

its entire width. It has a patented spring

pressure lever. With this lever, pressure can be

regulated at inner ends of gangs to cut out dead

furrows or disc ridges without burying the harrow.





The Model“B”does not crowd toward the bottom on

hillsides or in overlapping. The gangs are indepen-o

dent of each other and can be given the proper angle

to work right under such conditions.





W 't f f b kl t “B' C f

John Deere Syracuse Plows SeednB:d::I ree 00 e , Igger rops rom Better





The Plows with Perfect Fitting Parts





SYRACUSE shares fit perfectly—extra shares go on

easily. A smooth joint is formed between share

and moldboard and share draws up snugly to its place.





Remember that Syracuse cast shares are chilled

throughout their entire cutting edge and point. The

under side of point and cutting edge is also chilled——

of vital importance in preserving the proper pitch

and extending the period of usefulness.





 





‘a-v." .«JL-"z: ~;... . ‘





John Deere Plows for Light Tractors

High and Level Lift





Two bolts in the share instead of one and there is

a rib on back of share that strengthens share and

standard. Lug holds moldboard and share closely

together.





In addition John Deere Syracuse Plows are built





with long handles, which produce steady running

qualities and make the plow handle easily in the

furrow.





Write for free literature on the 31 series, combina—

tion plows, for use where land is somewhat rolling





RACTiCAL—the right size for the average farm.

Work with any standard tractor. Controlled by

the man on the tractor.





Pull the rope and all bottoms raise high and level.

Another pull lets them down. Plows do not clog or





 





gather trash on the turn.



Extra beam and bottom, readily attached, in-

creases regular two bottom plow to three, or regular

three bottom to four, as desired.





or where it is desired to turn furrows smoothly up

or down on sloping land.





Also the 342 series,combination plows, for use in

sandy or gravelly soil, turf or stubble; the 26 series

hillside plows, light weight, clean turning plows that EQUiPPed With QUiCk Detachable Shares-~save 80%

“‘0 excellent work in hillside or level land. time changing shares. Write for free booklet.





John Deere Dealers Everywhere





Better Farm Implements and How to Use Them





00K FREE—168 page reference book~—te|ls all about a complete line of farm imple-

ments and how to adjust and use many of them. A practical encyclopedia of farm

implements. Worth dollars. Describes and illustrates: Plows for Light Tractors; Steel

and Chilled Walking and Riding Plows; Disc Plow5; Cultivators; Spring Tooth and Spike

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Farm and Mountain Wagons; Teaming Gears; Manure Spreaders; Inside Cup and Port-

able Grain Elevators; Corn Shellers; Hay Loaders, Stackers, Sweep Rakes, Mowers, Self—

Dump Sulky and Side Delivery Rakes; Hay Presses; Kaffir Headers; Grain Drills and

Seeders; Grain Binders; Corn Binders; Gasoline Engines. This book sent free to every

one who states what special implements he is interested in and asks for Package





 





 





No. X~5.

John Deere, Moline, Illinois

1m:





Willi-"’“iwi ‘lSUDAN GRASS M...

1“,... \\ n





Northem-grown—Extra Fine Qu'ilitv—Ver Pu



‘ . ‘ _ ’ . . re—F‘ree

Johnson brass—High Germination. Do notyfail to plant

this wonderful forage crop this season. Heavy hay r0-

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pasture, not affected by drouth. Cheap to plant and

grows abundantly either yvet or dr «on all soils—no

allure. Write today for circular an 100~page catalog

and Free Sample. It Will pay you big.

A. A. BERRY SEED 00. Box 1231 CLARINDA. IOWA





SAVE MONEY UNLOADING





Save the expense of men and teams in unload- " .-

lng hay. gram, pulling timbers, .





' 'In spring. summer fall or

winter— for protection against ice,

snow or rain. nesting birds or trash—you can

always depend on the





. louden Bird-Proof Barn Door Hanger





If you expect to build, or your door hangers are out of

repair. you need the bird-proof, a completely enclosed track

that Wlll solve your door hanger problems for years to come.



The trolleys are thoroughly protected. They can‘t rust,

elo , or Jump the track. Hardened steel roller bearings

ma e them roll smoothly and easily. A child can open

or close the heaviest door:



Booklet No. 5 tells the whole story. It's free; write for it today.

The London. Machinery Company (Est. 1861)





Everything for the Barn"

I904 Court Street Fall-flew, Iowa





 





 

 

 





elevating ice. drilling, digging, etc..

with an IRELAND HOIST. ‘

100 uses on each farm. Guaranteed ‘

everywny. Free circulars. Ireland ‘

Machine’s: Foundry Co.. 33 State

St" ,Norwmh, N.Y. Also mfgrs. of;

drag and wood saws, mills. etc.





 





 





.1 I ’ .

,ll:\= TIMOTHY SEED, WINTER vsrcn.

Ask for samples and s ecial )rice list.





’ t .

woma-nsfihown SEED co., 0 oss .MICH.





TIMOTHY i ALSYKE 54'5“





 





 





Per bu.

Bags extra at 20¢ each. Send us your order. 1

Mean





Young-Randolph Seed Co. Owosso. lie





 





.w...-.~..... . .. .. ..... .e , ,,......,. . 3...... ,...¢....-...-..». 44...... ..





M. a». ’ n...-
THE.MICHIGA





N FARMERS?





 





APRIL 1, 1916.-





 





 





454—6

son 34 or a

NEARLY ceurunv





DOMIIAIT PROGRESS





Has made the Red Rlver Special the

Threshing Machine oi the Age





 





Since l848 the Nichols 6t Shepard





Company has been interested III one

of endeavored making of ma-

chinery for grain





They started their career with a revolu-

tionary improvement in the threshing

process that put them In the lead—con-

tinued inventiveness of the same bold





character has kept them at the front.

WHAT HA3 BEE" AccouPlqun 7





By Beating Out the Grbain, a principle

that has never been ab oned since

originated by this company. more sepa-

ration. better separation, faster aeparation.

cheaper separation. are all corn in

this one machine.



Owning or using a Red River Special

rig, you can do more than you can do

with any other known make of thresh-

ingmachine, anditiaaowrittonaaa

part of your pinch-sing contract.



What do you expect to (at when you

select another kind?





You ought to read own neighbor's epiinion

of a good job of reahlnx. You’ll find in

the Home Edition of the Red

paper Write for a 00 y and post up. The Big

Catalog will be sent a so if you ask for it.





NIGHOLS & SHEPIRD 00.





(In Continuous Business Since 1848)

BUILDER. IXOLUSIVILY 0'

TH RESH I "G MACHINERY





Redll S lTbreaIen Peelers W‘ Chechen

"Sign?“ Oil-Gas Gash-action bur-ea





BATTLE CREEK, 0 ”ICING“





River Special





(3)





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





THE.





KRAUs 1.55;.





Cultivator is s i In 1) l e ,

economical and thorough.

Its even cultivation means

big crops. Cost only 1 1-2

to Sc per acre cultivated as

compared £09 c government

figures, on the average

cultivator. Our pivot-

exle eliminates

tiresome le 3





 

 





 

 





. W

den, uneven lnnd and crookedrowe

A boy can operate. Practically no





IW's-l to for Literature

describing Cultivator and Akron Fertiliser

'Diatributc which applies fertiliser whil-

eultivatln This deVIca can be used onlyon

the Akron Akl'uflultivubor. Write today





r

D pt. 64

. Akron, Ohio

I





 





 





 





 





 





SPRAYERS





Mean Bigger Crops





”’5‘





 





. , ‘ In these days when insect and {moon pests

,/ur rc ever on the increase spraying is absolutely necessary.

‘ 'l‘ he United States Government as well as many of the

I riment Stations use llurst Sprayers because the quality

agifconsuuction is of the very best:





32 Different Styles





lilanh Horse and Gasoline toEngine Power. Ourb Free Book

by, How an y',’ shows 7‘ il fostrutions of

lnSt‘Ci‘. and fungous peests tgudprey ives the remedyf or each, also





shows our complete line of nprsyers. Write for “to





The It. Lilnrstllunfacming Co..2£1NartbSt., Cadmflho'





 





 





 





 





 





Siberian Seed Oats





best yielders for ten years Ohio Ex-



peI-iment Station. 80c sacks included.

The E. W. Armstrong Co...



Monroeville, Ohio





 





 





 





The "Berlin





ThoVflIite Basket





That. secures highest

rices ffor \our mit.

rite for 1316 catalog



showl ngom‘ ( omplete line



and secure Iour baskets

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DISCOUNTS.





The Berlin Fruit In Go.

huh nun. aha.





 





 





 





 





Fl’abClass 2 Yr. Trees, 4 to Sit. ‘ YOUR





CHOICE

91181.“). 121Peorl 31.50, 12 Quince .211). 12 Phi-III

3.75, 12 Peaches (l. v.“ t8“. Jo haw.



'IWhobelle Nurseries. Danavlllmfl. I. .Cotnlogkae





HERE is no line of farming

which will bring returns as early

in the season as the grow-ing

of small fruits. It readily adapts itself

as an adjunct to any kind of farming

and the returns from it are usually

greatly welcomed because they come

at a time when nothing is coming in

and everything is going out. There is

a further advantage in growing small

fruits in that their season is short,

the activity of harvesting is soon over

with and all the work necessary the

rest of the season is in preparing the

plants for another season’s crop.



The strawberry is to the small fruits

what the apple is to the tree fruits; it

is decidedly the most popular of small

fruits. Furthermore it does well on a.

variety of soils and is quite easily tak-

en care of.



Selecting Varieties of Strawberries.



In the selection of varieties of straw-

berries one must be guided to a great

extent, by the kind of soil on which

the strawberries are to be grown.

There are certain types which do well

on light soils while others will be com-





Growing Small Fruits





trimmed back to about three inches

in length and all of the leaves trimmed

ofi.’ except about two of the newest

ones. The best thing to make the hole

with is a common garden spade. This

can easily be done by thrusting the

spade in the ground and enlarging the

hole by moving the spade from: side

to side. While setting, the plants

should be kept in a pail of water, tak-

ing a few of them at a time from

where they are heeled in, or thorough-

ly moisten them and place them in a

shallow basket. Care should be taken

to firm the earth thoroughly around

the roots but to finish the job a little

loose earth should be put around the

plant to stop the evaporation of mois-

ture through the firmly packed earth.

The Seasonal Care of Strawberries.

Cultivation should be started as soon

as possible and be kept up at frequent

intervals during the growing season.

When the ground becomes frozen the

plants should be well mulched with

any kind of mulching material, straw

being preferred. The mulching should

not be put on so thick that it will





 





The Strawberry Brings the





parative failures on such soils. For

instance, all of the fancy varieties,

such as the Marshall, Wm. Belt, Glen

Mary, etc, need quite rich loamy soils

to develop them properly. They are

varieties which do not make many

plants and therefore the rich soils will

strengthen their weakness in that re-

spect. On account of the compara-

tively few plants they make they are

especially adapted to hill culture, the

system used for growing fancy berries.



For the lighter soils the poorer qual-

ity of berries, such as Uncle Jim, Bed~

erwood & Clyde, are good, for under

such conditions they make thrifty

plants and are productive. But for

general conditions there is nothing

which will do better than the Senator

Dunlap, which is the Baldwin of straw-

berries. It does better under a. larger

range of soil conditions than any otlr

er variety. The Vl’arfield, which is

sometimes called the imperfect Dun-

lap because of having a pistilate blos-

som, is a close running mate of the

Dunlap.





is a good early kind. Crescent and

Bederwood are also good. Senator

Dunlap, of course, is the best main

crop berry, and for the late season

Glen Mary, Sample Aroma, Wm. Belt

are good. Gandy is a good variety to

close the season with but it does not

do well on light soils.

Setting the Patch.



The best way to set strawberries is

in the narrow matted row unless the

berries are to be grown extra fancy,

then the hill or hedge row systems are

the best. The plants should be set

18-24 inches apart in rows three and a

half feet apart. Plants which make

plenty of runners should be set farther

apart in the row than others. During

the early part of the season all blos—

some and runners should be cut off so

that all of the vitality of the plants

is used in establishing themselves in

their new location. After midsummer

the runners should be left and allowed

to develop until the row is about a

foot wide. If the rows are left to grow

wider they should beset. farther apart.



Before setting, the roots should be





 





'With respect to season, the Luther





 





of the Season.





First Income





smother the plants in spring.

growers put on a light mulching and

allow the plants to grow up through it

in spring. This is of especial value if

the patch is in a frosty place.



One of the essentials of growing

gooseberries is a location that has a

good air circulation so as to keep the

plants comparatively free from fungus

troubles. A good sandy loam soil is

best. The plants should receive an-

nual dormant sprayings of lime-sub

phur to keep in check the San Jose

scale and the European fruit scale.





The pruning should be annual and

the bush so trimmed that it will have

about five bearing canes. Each year

one of the new shoots should be left

to mature and one of the old fruiting

canes taken out. All of the other new

canes should be cut out. Any time a

cane which has a black center or pith

is found it should be cut back until

the pith is healthy. This dark pith is

the work of the currant cane borer

which, in many places, is one of the

most serious currant and gooseberry

pests. It should be looked for every

spring and cut out when found.





Currants require the same care as

gooseberries but they do best in loca-

films which are partially shady. For

the control of the curraut worm use

Paris Green at the rate of five ounces

to 50 gallons of water, with one pound

of lime added, unless spraying is re-

quired within several weeks of bar-

vesting time. Then hellebore sprayed

on at the strength of one pound to 25

gallons of water will keep the worms

in check.



The Essentials of Growing Rasp-



berries.



For the growing of blackberries and

raspberries, a soil which is easily

worked but not too rich, is desired.

The plants are easily grown if kept

well cultivated until about August and

then sown to a cover crop.- Pruning

is also an important factor in the grow~

ing of these fruits. On an average of

five fruiting canes to the hill of black

raspberries and blackberries should be

allowed. Weak new growth should be

cut out during the growing season and





when the stronger shoots get to be





Many .





three feet high they should be clipped

back so as to make the'canes stocky

and to encourage the growth of later-

als. Immediately after harvesting the

crop the old canes and all but five of

the strongest new ones should be cut

out. In spring the laterals should be

clipped back to about six inches in

length.



Anthracnose is the most serious

trouble the raspberry and blackberry

grower has to contend with. It shows

itself in the whitish blotches on the

canes, especially near the ground. It

is a fungus disease which is the chief

cause of small dry berries at harvest-

ing time. It cannot be cured but can

be kr pt .n check somewhat by follow-

ing the above methods of pruning and

keeping the soil well cultivated to con-

serve moisture so as to furnish plenty

of sap to overcome the restriction of

the sap flow by the anthracnose.





The Best Varieties of Small Fruit.



The best varieties of black raspber-

ries are Kansas and Eureka for early,

and Cumberland and Gregg for the

main crop. The Plum Farmer is a.

comparatively new variety which is

proving good. For early varieties of

blackberries the Wilson and the Bath.

bun are to be recommended. The El~

dorado is the standard variety for the

main crop, and Mersereau and Blowers

are good for the late season. For a.

hardy variety nothing beats the Sny-

der. For red raspberries there is noth-

ing equal to the Cuthbert; it is by far

the best red raspberry. Perfection,

Victoria, London Market and Wilder

while Downing and _ Houghton hold

first place among gooseberries.



As to distances apart for setting the

small fruits, the gooseberries and cur-

rants are usually set four feet by five

feet, rowed both ways. Black raspber~

ries are set 3x6, red raspberries 3x5,

and blackberries 4x7 feet.



In the planting of all of these fruits

care should be taken to cut off broken

roots and to cut back the tops some

so as to balance the tops with the

roots. In planting the holes should be

large enough to take all of the roots

without cramping and the earth should

be firmly pressed around the roots.

Cutlivation should start soon after the

planting and should be continued well

into the summer.





DON’TS FOR SPRAYING.





 





Don’t expect results if the work is

not thoroughly done.



Don’t think a week earlier or later

than the 'date reCOmmended is just as

good.



Don’t overspray. A continuous even

coating should be left on the fruit and

foliage; any material which runs off

does no good.



Don’t think that lime-sulphur will

control apple blotch as well as Bor-

deaux mixture.



Don’t apply Bordeaux mixture dur~



ing wet weather; it is liable to russet

the fruit.

' Don’t try to get along with a ma-

chine which is worn out or too small

to do good work; if the work is wmth

doing it is worth doing well.



Don’t think that spraying will pay

unless the fruit is well marketed;

spraying is only part of the battle.





HlDlNG UNSIGHTLY OBJECTS.





 





Have you an old fence, outbuilding,

stump or other unsightly object you

would like to hide? Who has not? I

have found that it is an easy matter

to make them into things of beauty

with some of the simple vines or by

planting shrubbery as screens.



One of the prettiest screens for a.

fence in the back yard, and to cut off

a view of the barnyard, was composed

of Altheas. The two-year-old shrubs

were planted about a foot apart and

the first year the branches were cut ofi

about a foot above the ground. The

second year they were trimmed off a

foot higher. This made a massive

hedge and even in winter when the

leaves were OK the fence and barn-
‘va





 





XPhiLi, 1916.





yard could hardly be seen. In the sum-





mer the whole hedge was a mass of

bloom. It did not take it long to grow

to a height to completely hide every-

thing behind it in the summer. Iwould

not plant a great many shades of col-

or, for there are some of them that do

not look well with the others. The dou-

ble white, Joan de Arc, is the prettiest

to my notion, though there is a deli—

cate pink that is good. I do not like

the deep pink or the purple so well, as

the colors are not pure enough.



To cover an unsightly building there

is nothing to equal the Ampelopsis

Veitchii, or Boston Ivy. It will cling

to anything, wood or stone, and grows

rapidly. It is a hardy perennial vine,

and does not die back in winter. The

foliage turns to brilliant colors in the

fall.



Two good vines to train over fences

or trellises are the Japanese Honey-

suckle, and the Clematis Paniculata.

The honeysuckle is almost evergreen,

the foliage remaining a glossy green

until very late in the winter. The Cle-

matis is a rapid grower, and is some-

times killed by some, even to the

ground at times, but the growth of the

new shoots is so rapid in the spring

that it soon reaches the top again. In

the fall it is a mass of fragrant small

blossoms in great clusters, so freely

born as to almost hide the vine. I

prize it above any vine I have ever

grown, and it grows so easy, being

thrifty and hardy.



For covering piles of rock, or any-

thing where a trailer will be in de-

mand the Winchuriana rose, or some

of its hybrids, will be ideal, for the

foliage of these is almost hardy, and

they are very strong growers. The

small double roses of the hybrids are

borne in clusters, and are of many

shades in the different varieties, but

the Wichuriana, itself, is a single white

rose, with a pretty yellow center. The

leaves of all are small and closely set,

a smooth glossy green, and of heavy

texture, resisting heat and frost. The

stems are small, and creep along the

ground or over low objects. They can

be trained over fences by placing the

canes as they grow.



For an evergreen screen the Chinese

Arborvitae is my favorite. It grows

rapidly, is an upright compact grower,

and the foliage is always green. The

leaves are flat like the other Arbor—

vitaes, except the Rosedale. It has

proven very hardy with me, resisting

both heat and cold, and standing as

much drouth as the old hardy cedar.

These evergreens make fine specimens

in the yard, or as a background for





-shrubbery or bright colored flowers.





Kansas. L. H. COBB.





SPRAYING APPLE TREES PAID

WELL.





 





By co-Operating with twenty-five or-

chardists the Missouri College of Ag-

riculture was able to spray each or-

chard four times a year at a cost of

$22.26 per acre. The fruit on the un-

sprayed trees sold for $18.05 per acre

as compared with $187.19 or more than

ten times as much after spraying. This

makes the average net profits of $136.-

78, which repays the outlay for spray-

ing, and five times as much more in

addition. Few farm investments will

pay as good returns. '





TROUBLE DEPARTMENT.





 





Cutting Cions.



When is the proper time to cut plum



and cherry cions, also how should they

be cut?



Missaukee Co. J. B.





The proper time to cut cions for

grafting is during the dormant season.

If cut in the fall they should be tied in

bundles and packed in slightly moist

sand and kept from frost. It is thought

that the fall cutting of cions is best,

as it gives them time to callous over.



If you wish to do grafting this spring

I would suggest that you cut the cions

before there is any indication of the

buds swelling. As you will have to

keep them for some time, it would be





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





advisable to pack them in slightly

moistened moss or bury them in sand

and keep them from frost.



It is doubtful if you will have very

much success in grafting cherry tree,

as they are hard to graft on account

of the brittleness of the wood. For the

same reason some varieties of plums

are also hard to graft.



The cuttings should be made of well

matured and well budded wood of last

season’s growth. When cutting them

from the tree they can be made any

length over three buds long. At graft-

ing time the cions are always out to

contain three buds.





TRANSPLANTING AND USE OF

HAND CULTIVATORS





 





TranSplanted plants give more fav-

orable results than those grown from

seed in the garden and thinned out.

The principal advantage is that vege-

tables can be produced earlier if the

plants are started in a hot-bed or box-

es. The early vegetables are more ap—

preciated than the later because the

craving for green stuff after a winter

of meat and canned goods is strong.



Planting seeds in the garden and

then thinning the plants is a useless

waste of seed and the weeds are likely

to overtake them before one can tell

where to hoe. Transplanting is gen-

erally done after danger of frost. A

fine bed can be prepared for the plants

which have developed under ideal con-

ditions in a hot-bed.



Thinning is not a practical form of

gardening. In case one has no hot-





bed and the seed must be planted in

the garden or when it is necessary to

plant such seeds as cannot be grown

in a hot-bed, it is well to have a small

hand-planter. Most seedsmen handle

them and they are practical in many

ways. They can be adjusted to sow

almost any kind of garden seed, sow

it the right depth and in the proper

thickness so that thinning will not be

necessary.



They are handy about the garden.

One with various attachments may be

used to cultivate in a small way. If

the garden is so small as not to admit

of cultivation with a horse-drawn plow

they cannot be surpassed as labor

lighteners.



Indiana. J. L. JUSTICE.





GROWING EGG-PLANTS.





 





Egg-plants should be started in the

hot-bed or in flats in the greenhouse

or house. The seed germinates slowly

—usually requiring from twelve to fif-

teen days’ time, and a rather high, ev-

en temperature is neCessary as if a

setback is given the young seedlings

they seldom amount to anything. When

the young plants have two or three

pairs of leaves they should be trans-

planted into pots or into fresh space in

the beds, where they will have suffi-

cient room, and grown on until time to

plant out into permanent positions

which should not be until the nights

and soil are warm and all danger of.

frost past.



The plants may be set in rows two

feet apart each way and cultivated by

hand or horse. Very rich soil and lib-

eral culture will produce an abundance

of fine, large eggs which will be pro-

duced in succession well into the fall

months. Although very sensitive to

frost when young the plants are not

injured by light frosts and will con-

tinue to yield fruit long after most of

the garden products have passed.



The principal enemy of the egg-plant

is the flea beetle, which attacks the

young plants while still in the hot-bed,

the cutworm which cuts them off soon

after planting, and the potato beetle

which often causes much damage. For

the first and last spraying with arse-

nate of lead may be resorted to and

for the cutworm surrounding the new-





ly set plants with a paper or tin collar ’





or placing poisoned meal about the

stems will usually prove effectual.

Branch Co. IDA D. BENNETT.’





7—455





 





Have balmy spring at

during cold, ra





 





!





 





 





 





 





 





l fl“





Early spring chills and colds are inevitable

with old-fashioned, drafty. uneven

heating methods





nearly summer.





which are not properly heated.





MERICAN 5‘11»





RADIATORS





 





than at any other time.





new farm houses.

chilly spring days.





another winter without it.





your needs. Running

water notnecessary. Burn

the inexpensive fuels of

your locality and make

your house a real HOME!





 





 





Don’t put it off





I, _~.. .





A No. 020 IDEAL Boiler and 262 ft. of

38-in. AMERICAN Radiators, cost-





Write now — today





ing the owner 1 85 were used to heal: _ ‘1

this farm hou$se. at, which price the for copy Of Id ea!

goods can be bought of any reputable. Heating,” It tells





competent Fitter. This did not include

cost of labor,pipe, valves, freight, etc..

which vary according to climatic and

other conditions. The IDEAL outfit is

the only feature of the house which is

never worth less than you paid for it.





you all about the

way to get the heat

that costs the least.





Sold by all dealers.

No exclusive agents.





 





w weather!





«1 _. " ,. ..

.‘L /:/‘ 1

'0) _~f’lffi:- // [

i i/ ll

'. PV/





The mild, delightful warmth 3'! radiator

eatma makes every one a)

and healthy





Real spring rarely sets in “for geod” until it is

The cold, damp, chilly days

cause a lot of sickness and discomfort in homes





An IDEAL Heating out-

fit will Show you its worth

BOILERS more forcibly during



changeable, raw weather

The IDEAL Boiler is made to





give just the volume of heat to keep the house genially warmed

and comfortable all over, without waste of fuel or everlasting tink-

ering with the fire. These IDEAL outfits are easily put in old or

One charge of fuel lasts 12 hours or more during





Get the heat that costs the least





Decide now to put in IDEAL-AMERICAN heat. Don’t: spend

Safeguard your family’s health. Get:

the Ideal outfit which will just suit





 





IDEAL Boilers do

not rust or wear

out — no repairs.





Ammmmwmmm





home





   





9W





 





PU





 





 





._..





 





 





Wfifififififififiwfififiifiiiiiifl





 





 





 





Make Potato Crop Safe





HE 1915 crop was short nearly sixty million bushels.

in s ite of a much larger acreage, A large part

of the £35 was due to blight which proper spraying

would have prevented. Properly sprayed crops are

always safe and always yield better because of the

spraying, sometimes enough to pay for the machine

first year in mcreased profits.





flMMMW





Potato e rs era are made in four and six row sizes, 65 onlOO

gallons, ou leor smgle actin pumps. Easy toget atpockmg'

and valves. High wressure. ank, wheels and frame are wood.

Can’t corrode. 1nd shift and nozzle strainers With each

machine. . .

Ask us for sprayer booklet, sp‘rym guide and

booklets describin any of our [men t at you are

interested in. As your dealer to_ show them.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





Bateman M’f’g Co. Box 249 Grenloch,N.J.





   

 

 





They cover

thoroughly





 

 





TREES





Garden Seed Drills

Wheel Hoes

Potato Planters

Weeders 6: Seeders

Riding Cultivators

Walking Cultivators

Potato Sprayers

Buckel". Barrel and

Power Sprayers

Potato Diggers

Cornslub Cullen

Fertilizer Distributors

Row Makers

Cotton Planters

Corn, Bean and Pen



enters

Asparagus Ridgm

nd Rollers





 





 

 

 

 

 

     





From Kalamazoo

Direct To You.





AI Wholesale Prlooo. Planting time is about here. Don’t delay sending today for free Handsome





Catalogue. Celery City Nurseries. Box l22.





FLOWER LOVERS!





Bend For Our PLANT





Cannas:





Kalamazoo. Mich.





AND BULB BOOK

describing our Superb (lladinli, Choice Started

est strains of Astor‘s, Pansies, Petunias,





GAR DE NERS‘ Swarm Gmuum mu other a... A..-

I nua and Perennial Plants. Stovky, Harngegetable





Pl 1. ‘ ' t d ' '. .

Parcel Post or Express. Catalog Free. E. J. SHEAP & 801:?41121: finial; l".‘nI.I$mm"y





Plants safe] delivered b





A VIZ. JACKSON. "10





 





Minnesota Grown Early Ohios $4.00 per 150 pound Sack.





SEED POTATOES





Cash with order. Spring delivery, order now.

E. C. BAKER & SONS. Jackson, Rich. Ref. Jackson Savings Bank, Produce Reporter 00., Chicago.
E





"lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ' ""u ""lllllllllllIlllllllllllllll llllllIllllllI-lllllllllllllll'm





 





I ' ’ I 'I

h ‘ ’/

'J‘u . . ’

v| n ' ‘

. {1:3 *

. . . . a. -. I. .

; . ‘ “ m, . z. i]

1, ~. I/ ‘I 1 7‘ .

l 'I “It-cu, ll]:

" V ‘l U, V WT 2 mil“

\— CREAM 5 EPAR‘TOR ' ‘ ‘ m“.





 





Every Scamp ii: '“ Open Season'fior the U. S.





It’s at the two extremes in weather that acheap or old

style separator gets on your “"nerves.” Below zero or

abovefinety will spoil the health of most any Cream

Separator we know of, emept the U. S.





Fortified against extremes of Wine





In Coldest Winter



When it’sa U. S. on don’t

have to heat a 'ke't‘t e of hot

water to start the skimming.

It works cold.



When the oil in oflaer sep-

arators has clogged or frozen

up, the U. S. with no kinks,

bends, or goose necks, in its oil

tube—is runni _ smoothly and

silently, perfect y lubricated.



When every liquid is freez-

ing solid, you don’t have to

worry about the U. ‘S. bowl

being damaged by neglect. It

empties itself automatically—





1»





An.





 





A.)





In Hottest Summer





When man is produced



. by a U. S. it 'keeps longer, the



sanitation bei ' so , ' . cot



from ‘top to bo‘ om. Bacteria



are “up against it” like flies

in January.



When others get: “vile” the

US. is sweet and clean with no

milk drip on frame or in ear

case, or iron bowl cham er. .

The sanitary liner prevents. _



When ordinary separators





turn the [new batch sour,

with bowl full from previous





;





lllll l I IIIIIIHI H "mm "llllllllll lllllllll Illllllllfllllfllllllllllllllllllll





- a a; mh; -..





HI IUIIIHJUHllllllIllllll|lIIIHIIIJJIllIlllllllllllllllIllHHHIJHI|||l||ll|||||lllllll|l Hill!" I! ll" NIH" H H ll" llllllllllllllllll





1.“.





g.





HIHHIHIHJIUBIHllllllHlllllllIIHIIIHIIHHHIIUHHIHH

l





'1 run, the U. S. starts fresh and

always. dry, the bowl having drained



When thegas engiae‘fiiies" itself- :



if you are using power, the When whim —up time ,_



U. S. has a hand crank on the cmes’ there are ewer parts i =



other Side, and YOU can “950 to to clean. The U.S. mechanical :



it!” Just one of the many ways washer does it in one-third —



in which the U. S. provides time. Summer time is valu- :





against things going wrong. able.

Send for Free catalogue 3‘1





VERMONT FARM MACHINE COMPANY





 





 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





APRIL 1, 191's.





1 "l ‘h’ H S' t’

.: e - og . ltua‘ ion



UT a .few of the farmers who live in 1.915, because'many became discour-

in the United States and make aged when prices for pork hogs went

hog raising a business, know that down in November and December, and

,nearly, if not onehalf, of the pork the prices nor grain remained at ;a

meats produced in the world at the high point, they sold their breeding

;»present time, are produced in this stock closely, and will not be able to

:country. Nearly all countries of the duplicate the numbers of last year.

civilized world get at least a part of With present prices for pork meats

.the pork meats consumed in their 'in competition with high mm mm.

; country from the United States. ton and beef; with the EMT export

Wonderful changes have taken place demand on account of the war in Etu-

in the manner of curing and handling rope, it is safe to say that as long as

meats for commercial handling. For— the war lasts and the manufacturing

merly there was a great trade in what industries that employ labor are ac-

was termed ‘mess pork” and lard. tive, there will be a demand for all the

What was meant by “mess pork” was hogs that can be produced at a good

«salted pork made from what grew on profit to the producers.

3W backs and sides 0f the hOgS- Now “Afiegewni‘al’l kindsfof grain can be

the hogs are cut so as to get all the utfiifiged as feed, even wheat, if ground

abacon strips DOSSi-b'le, as the 1330011 and mixed with other feeds, and a

.and hams are considered the best of handsome mdfift realized, if the right

gthe .pork meats, both at home and kinds of hogs are used as breeders,

,abroad. The bacon craze has devel- the pigs are crowded along toward

.oped in the last fifteen years, and is market weights while young and kept

gstill 011- growing to the day on which they are



Bacon in Large Demand. marketed.

Thcre is wisdom in the great (19- Turn Present Knowledge into Money.

: mod for bacon from many viewpoints. Our present knowledge of what can

, It is palatable and easily digested, ev- be accomplished by the use of pasture

. en by those who think they have weak grasses and clovers, alfalfa, rape and

.:stomachs and are unable to eat and peas, and other forage crops, will en—

; digest many other kinds of meat. able pig raisers to swell the profits in

jThere is no waste with bacon. But 'hog raising. Such feeds help to pro-

one of the principal things that gives mote the growth, which means more

’ it a standing in the commercial world’lean than fat meat. Lean meat can be

.is the fact that it is easily handled produced cheaper than the fat meat,

with safety in all parts of the world. and at the same time it is what the





climate, and is ready for use at any higher prices.



time in the home, and every place There is a good opportunity to make

' where people are fed in small or large good profits by raising and selling the

'numbers, in public works, in camps, on right kind of hogs. Light hogs of

the march, or on the field of battle, it about 200 pounds weight sell better,





, fl , 7 . ,0, an. m. g jis available and prepared in a very and can be raised cheaper, than the

ghcififke City BELLOVVb (FALLS, V'l- lOllktl‘ung, ‘31.“. =E= ‘short time. heavy hogs. Develop the pigs early

. - | . HWWHHNHHFF‘E L In studying the trade situation we in life and get quick returns. .

mnmnmmnuIIummImummnmmnmnnmmmnnImmnnmmuunnmmmuummm \ find that by far larger quantities of Wayne Co. N. A. om...





 





bacon and hams are demanded for ex-





 





ATTEN'NON Silo Agents—Silo Users“—

Silo Buyers—c H ALL-E N GE SILO

Construction Wins Because It Is





Made of best materialhas perfect door Lock and Ladder, heavy

alvanized (not black) channel steel entire length of door,

eavy galvanized channel bars across door, heavy matching,



most perfect machined joint, no metal, inside top hoop, base



anchors. cable anchors and eve stave is convexed on outside

to give full bearing to hoops. rection expense cut to the

minimun. Prices Lowest Now~lnvectigabe.



Writtfor (In-rupee“! Silo Catalog. Y A150 makers of CHALLENGE





winners—wind mills, gasoline engines, ensilage cutters, feed grinders. wood

and steel tanks. pumps. pump aac‘ks, ~md‘la'w1n smngs.





*' CHALLENGE 00., 146 River St.. Batavia, in.





 





port than of any other class of meat. 'CARROTS FOR BREEDING EWES.

_A report says that “lard stocks are





burdensome.” Where formerly lard . . p

I was thinking of feeding my ewes





3 stocks have led in quantity, at the pres- carrots before they have lambs. Would

ent t1me the ham and bacon meats are this be harmful?





,leading. For want of shipping facili- Montmorency Co. A. A. A.

ties the export trade has fallen off, 'A small feed of roots once a day will

and yet in the face of this fact prices be beneficial to breeding ewes as to

for hogs have advanced and reached any other kind of live stock, since a

a very high point early in the season. little succulent feed in the ration will

Supply and Demand. tend to promote better digestion and

. . p ‘ . consequent-1y a more vigorous and

@3551: 3:: 99mm that ”t" heme heal-thy condition of the azm'mazl. Roots

, , . great. Labormg peo- , ,

1 pie, both male an d female, are getting should not, however, be fed too heawly





 





 





 





high prices for their labor, money is to breeding ewes before their lambs





 





 

 

   

 

   

   

 

 

 





Air-tight. Silo of

long-life nretal





Snagesmmed in air-tight ZYRO ’MetaIJSfloa

keeps sweetest. tastes better. The loss is '

less. ZYRO .Pure-Galvanized-lronor Black<

Enameled 51103 are proof against wind. fire,

shrinking. swelling. collapse and repair.

Ania-corrosive. rust-resisting. A .

sure investment in satisfaction. =





Costs less toerectfi





Flanged nndtnl sheet-s flit eutlyund . ;

arranges: ti velymr-tbyhtxund'molature-

Z





' Free Booklet





tens whole story wiry mo Metal '

Silos give best result“. Write todly

for youncorp‘y.



The Cuc- Cubed‘ $15.00. ’





Ink nu!

ma





 

 





 





 

 





uhdrvéfihha'uuflfi‘

a I! i’tl'i I I!

-! . -! v! ! l , .

.. w‘ .v '-.. '





m



«.32.... WE maid SturgesCanstobe more



,3 ' ' - _. . man just good milk containers.

. , 3 ‘ Eadhzsenrgescmtsw





v





' to be true“ "

Argued1 “pacify. “'1ng is 'a miafiafimge

i (ll sewcuiaveswur a. me.

fwlgisaputu flattening; l

I





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





GUARANTEED fGlazed tile orifaur" ‘





kinds wood 5.3an '



' and easily erect Kala- .

mazoo Siloswhenitarm '

labor is «nest plentiful





and cheap. Freight

TILE on 81'sz paid to your 1mm





town - Rod wood doors. continuous opening '

. floor ‘tnmw. Tile silos anchored lby weight. '.

Fine and trust proof. Superior to cement. .

Sure money, too, by early~imyoar .s'l'xipmet'atsj3

W from nearest ‘lcilngon ’lactory ‘to :farm i

" sales plan. 1‘51: 5501‘ W.



and details. 'Silovusers-mahehedtalocalagelts.

\ Write today—Dept. 1621: ~

'WAZW TANK . -m. 00.





wipes





.4623 ns





 





.4... nu...





um warm .. “Warm

my adult with “d Grits] l salted.

, d b in e I!) can a. nvee

geryfiorxo'grof the buuineu taught in 6 weeks.

.mS'N’iT’Lm I A’Wmm

18:31. 8mm m. m an. Buy 1. June. h.





 





 





 





‘4‘





 





'If kept dry it endures in almost any consumers call for, and it sells for





.' popular, and there is a great demand





Weight hogs. Even at the present high

prices, the pork meats, in competition

with mutton and beef, are the most

economical meats for the laboring peo-

ple and general consumers.



The statisticians tell us that in the

United States there were during the

latter part of 1915, about sixty millions

of hogs. The great corn crop of 1915

aggregated 3,054,000,000 bushels. A

large percentage of that great crop of

corn was not merchantable grain, and

farmers have fed the poor corn freely

to the hogs and have been crowding

them on to the markets in great num-

bers—numbers gently exceeding those

attained in former years. Notwith-

standing the great numbers of hogs

marketed the prices for all classes of





_ ' ‘ hogs have advanced steadily from Jan





 





uary 1 to the present time, the demand

is taking all that comes at the ad-

vanced prices and is ready to take

more.



The Outlook is Encouraging.

‘From the present viewpoint the out-





plenxtiful, fresh cuts of pork meats [are are dropped. After the lambing pe-





riod the feeding of roots can be in-





" ~ for the palatable parts of the light- creased to advantage, as this addition-





al succulent feed will promote an in-

creased secretion ~of milk greatly to

the benefit of the young lambs.





 





NOT A GOOD DAIRY RATION.





 





Kindly tell me what is the trouble

with my nation for my.'COWS and how

I can better it. I am feeding all the

ensilage they will clean up, from '35 to

50 pounds a day, according to the way

the cows eat. Also all the cornstaliks

they wall clean up good, six pounds of

middlings and, one and three-fourths

pounds of cottonseed a day.



Monroe Co. F. L.



Cornstalks and silage do not furnish

enough variety of roughage to obtain

best results. They will do, of course,

but cows soon tire of the same feed

day after day and will do better on a.

greater variety. Then, also, this trough-

age is woefully deficient in [protein and

a feed of alfalfa or clover hay would

help out on both these points. i think

gluten feed would be better and cheap-

er to feed with corn silage and com

stalks than Wheat middlings because





look for making money by raising, it contains more protein. Nothing dse

fattening and selling pigs in the man would improve «this ration like one

hot. is very encouraging. It is not good liberal feed of clever or alfalfa.

probable that there are as many hogs hay. For heavy winners perhaps a dit~ .

in ‘farmers’ hands as there were one the larger feed of grain would any.

year ago. It is not probable that there Reed grain according to the butters?“

will be as many pigs raised the .pl‘eS‘ produced «or the milk .pmdnoed. '

ent spring and summer as there was COLON C. LILLIE.





v
—M.~,_w.ww~. n.” W m





 





APRIL-1.1916: . - ‘ "THE MICHIGAN FA’RMER , 9-457





 





All black-treadTires are NOT made i

‘ ———of “BAREFOOT” Rubber i





s





A few months ago there were no black-tread w

Tires on the Market except Silvertown Cord Tires,

which we alone manufacture, under exclusive patents.



On January 1st there were no black-tread Tires on the market

EXCEPT these same Silvertown Cord Tires (which we are not

yet equipped to produce in half the quantity the market calls for),

an —



—Goodrich FABRIC Tires, —made from the self—same ‘ ‘Bare-

foot Rubber” as we have for two years been putting into the

TreadsBof Goodrich Silvertowns. ‘



ut,—



Soon there will be not only a horde of “Near-Cord, ” Thread-

Fabric “Cord,” and other IMITATION “Cord” Tires, but there

will also be the customary crop of “Black-Tread” FABRIC Tire

Imitations.





M _,. ,‘ ‘ ‘ . ” I ‘HIS message is written in the Spirit of Prophesy.





RUBBER” Value lies not in its COLOR but in its





THIS is to tell the People, that Goodrich “BAREFOOT—





composition.



It lies in the especially devised Texture, Flexibility, Cling—

quality, Stretch, Lightness and Resilience of that “Barefoot

Rubber” which, through years of Research, WE developed to

match the marvellous Flexibility, Resilience and Power-conserva—

tion of our two-layer-Cord “Silvertown” Tires.



Color alone would have been little help in making “Silver:

town” Treads stand—up in the tremendous ENDURANCE Tests

which the 100-Mile-per—hour-Races of 1915 provided.



And Color alone—Black, White, Red, or Gray—can do little

for the Consumer who buys a “Me-too” Black-Tread Tire, of imi—

tated make, on the assumption that allBlack-Tread Tires arelikely

to be made of same materials.





 





 





HE marvellous “Barefoot Rubber” now used in



Goodrich FABRIC Tires (as well as in Goodrich



”Silvertowns”) is black only because we elected that



color, primarily for distinction and association with our SILVER-

TOWN CORD Tires.



When, therefore, the usual crop of “flattering ” Imitations

sprouts upon the Market DON’T assume that OTHER Bloch:

Tread Tires have in them the “BAREFOOT-RUBBER” which

made the enormous ENDURANCE of Silvertown Cord Tires

possible in the 90 to 103 Mile—per—hour Races of 1914-15.



N0 Tires on the Market, Size for Size, and Type for Type,

are LARGER than Goodrich, and none more generously good, at

an y price.



“Barefoot Rubber” is now made into Goodrich FABRIC

Tires,—-—Goodrich “Silvertown Tires,”——Goodrich Inner Tubes.—

Goodrich Truck Tires—Goodrich Motor Cycle Tires,— Goodrich

Bicycle Tires,——and Goodrich Rubber Boots, Overshoes, Soles

and Heels.



Get a sliver of it from your inearest Goodrich Dealer or

Branch.



Note (by comparison), the reasonably-low Fair-List prices

at which these best—possible Fabric Tires are being sold, on 3.





BUSINESS basis.

THE B. F. GOODRICH CO.

Akron, Ohio.





. ~ ' ‘ ' 30 x 3 . . f $10.40

30x3Vz}"'F°rd Size. ...... 1513.“,



32 1 31/2 .......................... $15.45



33 x 4 ..... Safety Trend ....... $22.00



34 x 4 ...... "Fair-Lint" -------- $22.40



' 36 x 4% ......................... $31.60



37 x 5 ............................ $37.35



38 x 5% ......................... $50.60





manner)?” Tires
THE MICHIGAN, FAR‘ME‘R





APRIL L 1916.





 





 





I..—





Don'l

l 0.00.3.an





Mon

”rpoBSIble efor summer and fallb





CES





 





feweaaewm





Minor Ito-





:fidf TRIAL-5

.NEW I,SEYLLIN G PLANS





lIIellmynre





 

 

 

 

 

 





Beuvy1m

to





and





MW

183 “gnaw





align?

GALi'Iowmr SAN‘i'rAR

CREAM SEPARATORS





tawcoggm-ww “soil III-Km“





n migrator- until you nnl get my neg. eoeelel ”will?” on

sot-facts. One «all





hot ood sells from one to 5 more, and

in neddition tothe mules: prices. inorder toopen usmuch territory





sl.owsl=2now $3355 sail"





SAVE FROM $25 T0 $50M





to





WM .GALLOWAY, Pres. ,WM .GALLOWAV GO.

muss-nun Spoolullulu





.W'-% I u.:':.‘”l ” I ”I W I





 

 





separator sold in e

am making this oozed-é:-





 





   

   

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





   





Huotbettu-





We” g‘o‘fiht‘dad ”from on:

Wutirloo,18lzci finial,“





\

we





'igs'muy and both

mutiny“ the bemoan”





fluctuate-hog“,





 





mm.





 





 





DOWN and

One Year/A

To Pay g





 





 

 

 





more before you pay.





s24





 





sizes up to our big





 





Palenied One-Piece

Aluminum Skim-





 

 





ming Device. Rust

Proof and Easily

Cleaned — L o w

Down Tank —— Oil

Baihed Bell leer-

ings—Euy Turn-

ing ~Ssnila fl

Fume—Open

and Cream mule.





 

 





 

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

   

 

 

   

   

   

   





 





both ways.

no risk. P

from factory ofler.





 





 





 





 





MrketIIIeIIIII RA! 5





Raise your calves

and gel: the bigger

money to w hi c h you

are entitled. But do not

feed the calf whole milk.

with bu ttcr fat worth

$600 a ton.



You can sell all

the mother cow's

milkorbuttor and

‘ In: Ike your c: Ill’ pay

‘0“ a big profit on

its feed, by raisingiton





 

 





 

 

 

 





WITH





 





The Recolfnlzdeq Milk!



You get 100 gallons 0

Blatclii' L'Ird s C: IlfM cal , and it cost.

as mu: h. it trill maLe your cell grow at an anal]



llelchlord I Gel! loul us .4 u. 0!

the you Ill call now ds in the most tI ying period 0.! its

is thoroughly ste IIn COOked—fn‘uvenu bowel Wu“ 6.

other ills due to imprnper rm 1: substitutes



Blelchierd‘s Pi: lleul insures quic

young pigs It weeninz





   

 

   

   

   

   

   





ou onl





   





it. on or our

k on' ow





Calves Cheaply





 

 





 





L..C





   





 

 





can be

Cull“ el- IwiIIt

gnu" yono 100';o Pct





___—.—_.._h—————l—'—"-—'-'—-_—~

IT SAVES TIME, LABOR AND





- Veterinary Bills





Every Animal





A Handy Medicine—

Stock Lick It—





Now use the

Contains Cop

worm. Nu _

tonic Sulphur for

blood,





 





 





 





Blackmail Stock Remedy





Cinnamon. Tennessee.





YOUR

(ALVES





1|qu

HI I! milk feed from 100 pounds of

one—fourth





sturdy growth of

time. .withouvtvuthdck or hliin off.





Sn“

cessfully Without nMilli“. ' '





1 mwmflswwifiofison





card. Hagen-





For any Size—Direct from Factory _





You can now get one of these splendid money-making. labor-

saving machines on a plan whereby it will cam its own cost and

You won't feel the cost atall





Iills Ni" BUTTERFLY





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You won’t be out one penny. You take g

ostel brings Free Catalog Folder Ind direct =



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No Dosing—No Drenching 5





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Absolutely free from adultemnts and fillers, just

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5' THAT'S GUARANTEEO ‘i





HE dairyman has a great respon-



sibility placed upon him in the



manner and method employed in

feeding the calf. If the dams have

been properly nourished the value of

the calves at birth depends largely, if

not entirely, upon the intelligence and

skill exercised by the dairyman in the

breeding. But future possibilities of

the newborn calf rest on the thought

and skill that the owner puts into its

feed, care, and management. Mistakes

at this important period of the calf's

life have probably lifelong influence,

while a mistake in feeding and caring

for a mature animal may only be tem-

porary. Therefore, calf feeding re-

quires skill and sound common sense,

as there are no fast and hard rules

to be laid down.



Young calves demand whole milk for

the first few days. The calf should al-

‘ways have the first or colostrum milk

of the cow and be allowed to nurse the

cow until the eighth day, when the

milk is suitable for human food. Feed

often but avoid overfeeding. Teach

the young fellow to drink and feed

whole milk for at least three weeks,

changing to skim-milk diet gradually.



Feeding Skim-milk.



Skim-milk is a cheap feed for calves

but should be fed carefully in limited

,quantities and only while it is warm

and sweet. It may be made to form

the principal diet for eight months or

a year. But factory skim-milk should

always be pasteurized to avoid the

spread of tuberculosis. The best skim-

milk is that which is fresh from the

separator and is still warm. Experi-

ments go to Show that it is only one-

fourth as expensive to raise a calf on

skim—milk as on whole milk. Two

pounds of grain with proper amount of.

warm skim-milk equals one pound of

butter-fat. Buttermilk or whey may be

profitably fed.



Milk that is too rich may cause ser-

ious trouble from scours, and in feed—

ing such milk care should be used to

give limited amounts at the proper

temperature. The feeding of whole

milk should be continued for about

three to four weeks, when the number

of meals may be reduced to two per

day. Fxom one- half to a pint of skim-

milk may then be substituted for an

equal quantity of whole milk. The

amount of skim- milk may be gradually

increased and the amount of whole

milk correspondingly decreased until,

at the end of a week or ten days, the

calf is getting all skim-milk. Be sure

to feed the milk at blood temperature.



Not more than ten to twelve pounds

of milk should be fed daily until the

calf is from five to seven weeks old.

Later the amount may be increased to

fourteen to sixteen pounds, and at

three months may, though not always,

go to about twenty pounds. The

amount fed, however, must be care-

fully regulated by the ability of the

calf to handle it without scouring.



‘ The grain for calves should be fed

first while the calf is quite small, with

a little bran to aid in learning to eat.

High-priced concentrates are unneces-

sary and give 'no better results than

corn meal, oats and bran, ground bar-

ley, etc, when fed in proper combina-

tions. A variety of feeds is advanta-

geous and best results Will usually be

secured from mixtures.



l Feeding Roughage.



Roughage for calves should first be

fed at two or three weeks of age when





 





 





 





TIIE LAIIIIVIE MM- 60.1““ lid... Detroit. I“.





 





the grain ration is started. Good clean

hay, either timothy, bluegrass, clover,





 





Cluun t

' No dang‘glzven if roll





lode. Can’t spill.

:00 I“. chicken





.N wlk.N lass lbe.

°”°°"°‘§d ”“5: 3g“ 'c‘Zn-i

Use it around barns,



.ete. The





COLEMAN GAS LANTERN

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for flveyeers. As km

use wn write for catalog of 20





Dealer-I: or agents wan n ev

THE COLIIAN LAHP COIPANY

206 No. St. Francis St {- Wichita. Kansas





8&1 E. Sixth Steel

1008 Summit Street.





 





   

 

 

 

 

 

 





or alfalfa may be used. Corn silage is

an excellent calf feed when fed in mod-

erate amounts. Good pasture is an es-

sential after four to six months, and if

the calf is turned out for only a few

hours each day at first scours will be

avoided.



The calf fed on whey should receive

whole milk for the first week or two;

it then may be changed to skim—milk.

If this is not available it should be

continued on whole milk. But a calf





 





 





402 Aksrd Street,

40 nthClintonSt.





 





 





 





F ceding the Dairy Calf





will do far better not to receive whey

until after five to six weeks old. It





_will take from ten days to two weeks





more to complete the change to whey.

About the same amount should be fed

as with ‘ skim-milk. An excessive

amount will cause undue largeness of

the paunch. The feeder will need to

give more care and attention to calves

fed on whey than those fed milk.



Give Calf Plenty of Water.



Too many farmers think that a calf

drinking milk does not need any water

before it. But the calf does not differ

from other farm animals in this re-

spect and should have water frequent-

ly available to it. Salt is also essen-

tial to calf development, and like wa.

ter, should be kept continually avail-

able.



The careful management of the calf

[for the first year will have all to do

with its further usefulness, either as a

sire or as a milk producer. Avoid sud-

den ‘changes in the diet and practice

regularity in feeding. These small

points are too often overlooked by

farmers, who later awake to ponder

over the problem why their calves are

not as good yearlings as those of their

neighbors who exercise due care and

consideration in calf management.



Always provide warm quarters for

the calf herd. And give them a dry

shelter in wet weather. Give plenty of

roughage and not too much grain so as

to develop a large capacity for hand

ling food which is desirable in all

dairy animals. When the calf is six

months to a year old milk may be

omitted from its ration and a full

roughage and grain diet used.



Changing Feeds.



When the skim- milk diet is stopped

the calf is deprived of a nitrogenous

feed and its place must be taken by

grain or roughage. The common ten-

dency for calves to become too fat de.

pends upon its temperament, and upon





its feed. Therefore, avoid too much

corn. For grain, oats and barley are

good; for roughage, bright clever or





alfalfa hay with corn silage will give

a succulent variety.



While size depends upon the breed

and heredity to a great extent, it even

more depends upon liberal and judi-

cious feeding. It will be impossible to

starve a good dairy qualities into a

growing heifer but many a promising

heifer has been starved into being a.

poor cow.



There are any number of great pos-

sibilities in the production of good

cows but these are seldom if ever seen,

appreciated, or attained except by an

intelligent, thoughtful feeder. The ear-

marks of an intelligent feeder are seen

in his herd. The calves are thrifty,

active, with bright eyes, smooth, glos-

sy coats, always hungry, and playful

and lusty. E. W. GAGE.





DAIRY PROBLEMS.





 





Amount and Value of Silage.



I have two and a half feet, of good

silage left in the bottom of a 12-ft.

silo. How many tons would there be,

and what is it worth a ton?



Sanilac CO. C. G.



The silage in the bottom of this silo

will probably weigh 50 lbs. per cubic

foot, and there is about 300 cubic feet,

or seven and a half tons. This is

worth about $3.50 per ton, or about

one-third the value of timothy hay.

The value can only be estimated as

there is no market for it. In fact, it is

not a marketable product, only on our

own farmto his o'Wn live stock.



How to Organize and Operate a Cheese

Factory.



Kindly give the method of fmming

and operating a farmers’ co- operative

cheese factory. The farmers of this

community are not satisfied with the

methods employed by the large corpor-

ation operating in this district and

wish to form an organization of their

own. W F. B.



The successful operation of a cheese

factory is not so very difiicultif it only

has a suificient supply of milk to make

success possible. This is the most im-
APRIL 1. 1916. '





portant factor and yet it is the one

most frequently overlooked in the or-

ganization of a co-operative cheese fac-

tory or creamery.



It is not good business to build a

cheese factory on the promise of a

supply of milk. This supply must be

guaranteed. Make a bona fide contract

with each prospective patron that he

is to supply the milk from a certain

number of cows for at least five years.

If by actual contract you can secure

the milk from enough cows to warrant

the building and operation of a cheese

factory then you are all safe. Other-

wise somebody is liable to lose some

money and another farmers’ co-opera—

tive association will be liable to fail.





The actual organization can be ac-

complished in one of two ways. Or—

ganize a stock company. Sell enough

stock at $10 per share to build and

equip the plant and have some surplus

to operate on. Don’t forget the sur-

plus. After the stock is sold the stock-

holders meet and elect officers who

have immediate supervision of the bus-

iness. Be careful in the selection of

officers and then support them.





Another and a better way, in my

judgment, is to form a purely co-oper-

ative association. This is done by hav-

ing all the patrons who have contract-

ed to supply milk form the association

and elect officers and directors. Every

patron is a member of the association.

This organization votes to build and

operate a cheese factory. The organi-

zation borrows the money to build and

equip the factory and mrnish a surplus

for operation. The money can be bor-

rowed of any bank by joint note of the

members of the association.



Then this organizatidn votes that a

certain amount, say five cents for ev-

ery 100 pounds of milk delivered, or

one cent for every pound of butter-fat

delivered, be set aside as a sinking

fund to pay this borrowed money when

it comes due. The money can be b0r«

rowed so that it can be paid in install-

ments. So much each year or every

six months. The operating expenses

afterwards can be paid in the same

manner. In this way people pay in

proportiop to the benefit they receive.

The proposition cannot fail as long as

the former stick together.



With a good business head to em-

ploy the help and sell the cheese there

is no danger of failure. Everybody

gets just what is coming to him, as

the business is done at actual cost.





Will a Twin Heifer Breed?



I have a two-year-old heifer, a twin,

Whose mate was a bull calf. I have

been told such a heifer will always be

sterile. Can you tell me if this is true?



Tuscola Co. R. D.



Sometimes the twin sisters of bulls

will breed and many times they will

not. No one can tell. Keep the heifer

and find out. I have had those that

would breed and those that would not.

Usually it may be said, they do not

breed.



Of course, it will be some loss if the

heifer does not breed. This can not

be helped. But there will be no more

loss than in raising steers. You say

she is small and will be worth little

for beef. True, she may not weigh as

much or sell for as much as a larger

animal. However, this does not mean

that she. will make you no profit. If

she doesn’t weigh as much neither will

she cost as much to grow. You can

get as much net profit for the food

consumed possibly as with a larger

animal, and it is net' profit that really

counts, not gross receipts.



Ration Might be Cheapened.





Kindly give me the correct amount

to feed for my milch cows, of the' fol-

lowing feeds. Have been feeding as

follows, per day, for a cow giving 25

lbs. of 4.2 per cent :ailk: Bran, 3 lbs;

middlings, 3 lbs; for a cow giving 34

lbs. of 4.5 per cent milk, bran, 4 lbs;

middlings, 4 lbs., and all the clover

and timothy hay they will eat.



Barago Co.





This ration does not contain quite

enough grain to bring it to the stan-

dard. Yet it is quite a liberal ration.



’ Indeed, more liberal than the average

dairyman feeds. It lacks somewhat in





THE MICH





variety to give best results. Besides

it has no succulent food. It could there-

be improved along all these lines and

probably could be cheapened in the

improvement. This, however, would





depend on the cost of feedingstuffs at '





the local market.



The rule for amount of grain is: One

pound of grain for every pound of but-

ter-fat produced in a week. A cow giv~

ing 25 pounds of 4.2 per cent milk

would produce 7.35 pounds of fat a

week and one producing 34 pounds of

4.5 per cent milk would yield 10.5

pounds of fat in a week. According to

the rule, they would be entitled to an

equal amount of grain.



I would advise substituting gluten

feed for Wheat middlings. It costs but

little if any more and is richer in pro-

tein, at least I would change feed oc-

casionally to give more variety.



In the absence of corn silage I would

feed once a day, roots of some kind,

beets, turnips, or potatoes. Adding

this food need not necessarily increase

the cost of the ration, as they would

eat less of some other food.





How Large a Silo for Ten Cows?





How large a silo would be required

to keep nine or ten cows for about

eight months. Also, how many acres

of corn, drilled in, would it take to





fill it?

Montcalm Co. \V. S. .





A cow will eat on the average about

30 pounds of silage a day. Large cows

will eat more, small cows less. One

cow then would eat 7,200 pounds of

silage in eight months, and 10 cows

72,000 pounds, or 36 tons. A silo 10AZ4

will hold this amount if it is full when

settled. You can have it full when

settled if you have the extension top

on your silo or if you refill it after it

is settled. To make sure of. enough

silage I would advise having the silo

a little taller, say 10x30 feet, which

would make you 48 tons if the silo is

refilled. If you have some silage left

you can feed it in August when the

pasture is short. It is better to have

one of sufficient capacity when pur-

chasing, and it is quite desirable to

feed silage all through the dry weath-

er in late summer. Personally, I think

it would pay you to get a silo 10x36

while you are buying. It will cost but

little more.



You can easily grow 10 tons of sil-

age per acre. This is'about the aver-

age yield. Some grow 20 tons or more.

Ten ions is a good looking crop, 20

tons is a big crop. Above this amount

is simply an immense crop.



Ration Lacks Protein.





Kindly balance a ration for milch

cows from the following feeds and also

add anything that is lacking: Corn

silage not containing a full amount of

corn on account of poor corn year;

wheat bran at $24.50; flour middlings

at $30; coarse corn meal at $1.75 per

cwt. I also have hay consisting of

June grass, timothy and some clover.

Would coarse middlings be better than

flour middlings?

cheaper.



Grand Traverse Co. F. V. \V.





With the roughage fed in this ration

deficient in protein, the grain ration

must contain foods quite rich in this





food nutrient to make a balanced ra-i





tion. Wheat bran and corn meal are

both good foods but, do not contain

sufficient protein to balance the de-

ficiency in the roughage. I would not

Use the middlings and would substitute





in their place gluten feed, oil meal or

l





cottonseed meal.





I would suggest that you mix bran,





corn meal and gluten feed equal parts

by weight.

they will eat and then one pound of

grain per day for every pound of but-

ter-fat produced in a week. For in-

stance, if a cow produces seven pounds

of fat in a week, give her seven pounds

of this grain per day.

COLON C. LILLIE.





CATALOG NOTICE.





 





“The Solution of the Silo Question”

is the title of an illustrated folder sent

upon request by the E. W. Ross 00.,

Springfield, Ohio, manufacturers of the

Ross “In-de-str-uct-o” metal silos. It

contains information of value on the

superior features of this line of silos.





They are $5 per cwt. :





Feed what silage and hay,





IGAN FARMER 11—459





I Good-by, Guess Work





HE New Sharples “Suction-Feed” is the



only cream separator ’Which eliminates



guess work from cream production.

All other separators have to be turned at ex~

actly the speed indicated on the crank or they

will lose from 7 to 13 pounds of butterfat per

cow per year. The Purdue Experiment Sta-

tion and other scientific investigators have

proven these figures (see Bulletin No. 116,

Vol. 13.)



This “guess” speed is used by 19 operators

out of 20, because it is impossible to turn the

crank at exactly the right speed—It is much

easier to turn it slower—and, Whenever you

do, you lose cream. Even a speed indicator

will help but very little, as you won’t and

can’t watch it every minute.



So we say to you dairymen: Quit guessing

about your separator speed and your sepa-

rator profits. Use





THE NEW





SHARPLES





SUCTION-FEED





t Separator and know that you get all the

cream all the time.



Whether you turn faster or slower, the

bowl of the Suction-Feed drinks in just the

right quantity of milk. The feature is en-

tirely automatic; if you are tired, you turn

slower (which is easier) and, if in a hurry,

you turn faster and finish so much sooner.

No matter how you turn, the New Sharples





 





   

 





 





   





always skims clean.

The Sharples cream 1’ '

is always of even '

thickness, whether ’7'”:

you turn fast or slow. ‘ l W

The Supply can is but *3 r“ l ‘W ,-

knee high so you can " k? W {gs/M}

fill it without any 9 . “it'll‘k .



. 1m“ ,’ Em

back breaking effort. ”liter/W”! mg W _,

The three-piece .- gifl...~s,4 ‘ “@J

Sharples bowl is - ll W11);}

lighter and simpler _ ism

than any other—no ’- ;.,: TTTH'T' it, (ail-D

discs to wash. [10W ‘.



All these money- “ " " 1' i





-'l

saving and trouble-

preventing features

are described in a

handsome catalogue;

"Velvet” for Dairy-

men. Send for a

copy, now, while you

think of it. Address

Dept. 18.





The Sharples Separator Co.

Also Sharples Milkers and Gasoline Engines





West Chester Pennsylvania

Chicago San Francisco Portland





 





 





Toronto





MI

Illllllllllllllllll





Use NATCO Drain Tile—Last Forever





Farm drainage needs durable tile. Our drain tile are made of





 





 





   

 





W best Ohio clay. thoroughly I: Don’t have to dig 'em u

on AlN TlL =‘ to be replaced every few years. Write for prices. Sold in carlo

E ‘. ,«, lots. Also manufacturers of the famous N ATCO IMPERISH-





ABLE s

National Fire Proofing Company





When Writing to advertisers

you saw their ad. in The





ILO. Natco Building Tile and Natco Sewer Pipe.

. 1115 Fulton Building, Pittsburgh, Pu.





 





lease state that

lchigan Farmer.
460—12





THE MICHIGAN, FARLMER’





 





APRIL 1; 1318.





I





 





   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





an III III III IIIIIIII'IIII I IIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIII III. III I. I II III IIIIII III III III IIIIIEIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII?IIIIIIIIII.IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII.IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII I.IIIIIIIII.IIIIIIIIIIIIiIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIII II

1 The New and Greater "

f. o. b. Cleveland :

of the New and GreaterChandler E

F YOU have seen the new the thought which the Chandler jg:

”Chandler tourlng car body you Companyglves to detalls through-

i understand why we do not at: out the car, 1n81de and outSIde. ii:

tempt to describe it. If you have And firemember thlS, any type of 2%:

not seen 1t V1s1t the Chandler sales- touring body other than the 5:2

room today and get a new idea of Chandler tonneau—cowl type Wlll '

LEE} motor car beauty. be old-fashioned and out of date ‘ __

3:3: Thls new touring car is the most before the season 18 over. The old g:

a? beautiful car of the year. There style deSIgn, With the backs of the 53’—

can hardly be any argument as to front seats prOJectmg abruptly é

that. Someone havmg reason to be above the body, looks odd even —-

b1ased might dispute this, but you now. —

are unprejudiced-__y0u will look ieefiheSChindlfer.hYou willgedeliihted ~ E

- ' ‘ - wit te ty 0 tecaran you now :3

Wlth Open mind. for grace Of 111.16 now that you can depend on it mechanic—

:2— and beauty 0f finlsh-—-and you W1“ ally—depend on it for all the power, speed, , .:

§~ agree Wlth What countless thou- flexible control and day—in-and-day-out 2?

”"3 sands at the automobile Shows service that you could ask for in a car at ' Z;

‘ ' Y 3 . 7 V an3ftnnce. . . :i::



have 531d V613 pOSItlvely. .The) For the Chandler chassis, distlnguished



haVe said the Chandler 1s the by the marvelous Chandler Motor, has

most beautiful car of the year. So been. PYQVen right through three years 0* E;

O and see it serv1ce 1n the hands of thousands of :

g ‘ ' ' owners. It is free from any hint of ex- 3”:

The walnut-paneled tonneau perimentation, free from any hint of un- g?

e cowl has pleased the publlc every- tI'leICl theoryf h' h . f 11 j 1 :g

' . . n spite 0 1g er priceso a materia s j:

where. It W111 please 3 CU. It entering into it, the Chandler is still noted g





gives the car a very unusual air of

complete finish.“ It reflects, too,





I

II





for highest quality construction through-

out and the finest equipment





 





 





III IIII





Seven-Passenger Touring Car - $1295 w

Four-Passenger Roadster - - - $1295





 





III I III I





The New Chandler Catalogue-illustrates the New Big Touring Car;

the Four-Passenger Roadster, other body types and all mechanical

features fully. If you do not know your Chandler dealer write us today





CHANDLER MOTOR CAR co. 2704—2734 13.1315: st, Cleveland, Ohio





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LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





A” ~, /.

“jfim. 5%;3295-





*aQazrne Section





77!: FARM BOY

an?) GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





t





This Magazine Section forms apart of our paper every week.





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





fl





 





0U certainly deserve decidedly

drastic treatment for the way

you led me into that ridiculous

flunk in Virgil this morning,” eXclaim—

ed Tom Masson, throwing down the

classic volume in disgust. “No won-

der the class all roared, and Prof.

Lane’s eyes twinkled over the tops of

his glasses at my rendering of ‘Lucus

in urbe fuit media, laetissimus um-

brae’ as ‘There was a light in the mid-

dle of the city with a very broad shad-

ow;’ and Jim Watson nudged me and

asked in a stage whisper if I was

speaking from recent memories.





‘ ‘ Looflirpa ’





“Of course, I should have known that

lucus meant grove, but when you vol-

unteered the free translation the other

way, I naturally thought the word

came from lux; and then ‘shadows’ in-

stead of ‘shade’ was an easy matter.

But it was a mean trick to fool me so,

when you knew that I was late getting

in last night and was all tired out.



“But Nell, there’s something else on

hand—and you’re to be in it this time.





,





By

BESSIE L. PUTNAM





We’re going over to Blake’s this even-

ing; and I must have a few more chem-

icals to carry out our little program;

but I need awfully to get an hour or

two of sleep first. So if you’ll just

skip down town and get them for me,

We’ll call it square, and you can thank

your lucky stars that you did not get

a retributive dose which you’d remem-

ber to tell your grandchildren in re-

counting to them the pranks of All





Fools’ Day—even if you did not see fit

to disclose your own identity in con-

nection with it.”



“I’m not afraid of your ‘dose,’ under-

stand,” was Neil’s reply. “I guess I

can keep my eyes open on April Fool

day, and that ‘bright light’ of yours,

with the accompanying ‘shadows’ is

sulficient to keep me in the straight

path for the day. But it‘ 1 can be of

any service in furthering your plans

for this evening, of course I’ll gladly

go. But don’t look Upon this as in any

sense a bribe. Do your worst with me

today, and I’ll try to keep even.”





SlllllII|IIlllllllllllllllllllilllIllllllilillliillllll[IlllIHHIIHIIIIHIIHIHIHHIIlllHHHHHHIIIIH|IllHlHHIHHIIIHHHHIHHHHIHIHHHIHHHIIHIlHHHHIHHIIIHIHIHlIHHIHHIHHHIH”HHHHHIHHHIIHHHHIIIHIIHHHIHHIHHHI”HIllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIHIIIHHHIIHliliilllillliiiiiiiilIWHIHHHEE iiI||Hill|lIllllllllilllllliiilllHHIIHIIIlillHIIIIHIHHIIHHHHIIEHill|llillllll{NililllliiiEHHiiiéiliiiifiiiiiiiiiil;iiiliilllllIIIHlIIIHHIIHIHHIHHIIHNI





WORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES





 





 





 





 





 





.Throwing Grenades from Trenches

Before Verdun.





 





Underground Office of a French Staff Officer in a Well-fortified Dugout.





 





 





 





 





 





John McCormack,





 





» ”he.





   





 





Famous Irish Tenor

and His Daughter.





 





Troops.





 





U. 8. Mountain Battery, Part of the Punitive Expedition Sent into Mexicé.

Copyright by Underwood, a Underwood N. l.
462-14





THE MICHIGA





N FARMER





ma. 1,1316.-





 





.oogrcsovs





 





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'jif fun loomed up behind it?

:that stud if there .is a grain of ii in





He handed her the list; Potassium





' iodide, mercuric chlm‘ide, sulphur, po-





tassium chlorate, looflirpa.



“Most of the names have a familiar

ring,” said Nell, glancing it over. "It’s

the first two that you use in "turning

wallet to wine‘, isn’t it? Both colorless

liquids until you mix them. Say, will

you let me do Lire mixing tonight if i

get them for you?”



“Are you sure you’d be careful and

not get them scattered? You know





: that oercm‘ic We is number name





for corrosive sublimaxte? Deadly poi-





;sen. One must always be very Careful





in handling chemicals."



“Sure, yes; you can trust me for

that. And the sulphur and potassium,

you pulverize a pinch of each together,

mixing and blending thoroughly, and





When get someone to strike them on a

stone with a hammer; and when they





have hit. hard enough, it sounds like





‘the oldiashioned Fourth of July?





You’ll get Collins inio this game, I sup-

pose. He never





‘ halves.”





'T-om nodded his assent.



“And what’s that last, l-o~o-—'?”

“Looflir-pa. I was going “to explain

about that. l‘m dreadfully afraid you

can’t find it in town. I should have or-

dered it from a New York supply house

a week ago, but it somehow slipped my

In fact, I did not know until

today that, we were going to do this.

But it’s the best. one in the bunch, if

we can only get it. Try Eastman first ;

and if he doesn‘t have it, .go to Stock.

If these both fail you had better go to





4 Dr. Pond "and tell him how we’re stuck.





He might have some on hand. Of





. course, Dr. Eaton would be more likely





to, as he specializes in surgery. But





; he’s an old grouch~you might. not

. ‘care to risk an interview."

My WS- ............... - ......... moose-one“





“Tom Masses, when did you ever

know me no shirk an unpleasant. thing

I’ll get





town.





 





5 mun—boy,





The clerk at 'Easztman’s was a new

rather—who puzzled faith-

fully over the unfamiliar team, blush-

ing and turning pale alternately, as he

faced the possibility of a blunder on

his part, costing him his position.





‘ "What is it for?" he meekly stammer-





ed, hoping to gain some happy inspire.

tion through the reply."



“It's a chemical my brother wants

for 501119 experiment,” was the reply;

“I’ve never studied chemistry myself,

and I can’t, really explain just what.”



He vainly looked over the labels on

the long row of bottles, but the name

suggested nothing with which he was

familiar. I—Ie searched through ihe cat-

alogues of two or three supply houses

with no better success. “Has it any





 





f not know





other name?" he asked in desxwration.

[Nell did not know, and he was finally

liforccd io sheepishiy adniii that he did



it, and she would have to





,wait until the return of the proprietor,





i





QMr.

"sharply, glanced at the name again fur-





i





:the same as corrosive sublimate.

; halted at the door, almost on the point,





answered. “Yes, papa‘s in,”





.who was out of town for a few days.





At Stock's she had no more success.

Stock read the slip, eyed her





tively, and finally called his partner

aside. After a little private conversa‘

tion, he returned with the declaration

that they did not keep it.



Nell was quite as much puzzled over





their queer demeanor as she was dis‘





appointed through the second failure.





She wondered if this was of such a vir-

ulent nature that it was sold only un-





der the orders of a physician. They

might know that she was old enough to

keep it out of the way of children—

She





of asking an explanation and giving





greferenee if necessary; for of course

‘she could get Dr. Pond.





But pride

urged her on.



“I’ll try Dr. Eaton next,” she said to

herself. “Tom said he’d be more likely





‘ to have it, than Food, and I’ll be late





dressing if I have to go much mm."

She rang the bell, and little Bertha

she an-





c-Z . swered with hesitation, “but he's lawful





 





busy, and said not to disturb him un-





does anything by,





less :it was something very important.”



' “This is important, very,” was Neil’s

reply; for she thought of how much

the template success of the evening

depended upon her queset.



She was shown into it}!!! ofice, and

Dr. Eaton soon appeared, demanding,

“What will you have, miss 1’" in a bone

so ‘aaaihoritaltive that she almost for-

get her errand.



“it’s this,” she stammered, clutching

frantically at her bag and drawing

out the crumpled slip of paper.



'The Menu took it with a stem look,

glanced at the name, looked again, and

then seemed at a loss how to answer

her. He slowly turned the paper over

then read the entire list from first to

last, as if hoping to gain some clue

from the companion items.



“I’m afraid I’m just out,” he said

thoughtfully; “but I’ll see,” taking the

paper into the next room. There Nell

saw his reflection in the mirror, as he





took down and examined volume after.





volume, in the same way the clerk at

Eastman’s had done. Aft-er a delay

of at least ten minutes he returned

with the surprising intelligence that

he had “just sold the .last of it yes-

ierday.”



“He don’t know what it is; that’s

plain,” thought Nell, proud of Tom’s

superior knowledge. “My brother does

know chemistry,” she said to herself,

“even if I can trip him on Virgil.”



As the doctor was about in return

the paper, another thought seemed in

flafi mm his mind. He opened it

again, re-read it, surveyed it with crit-

ical eye and lowering brow. His eyes

flashed as he returned it. “Tell your

brother that I never kept it and never

expect to," was his curt dismissal as

he Wily showed her to the door.



Nell smiled to herself after safely

out upon the street. “My eyes mus-i

have told him that I knew he was at

sea,” she mused, as she hurried on to

Dr. Bend, the genial old home physi~

cian, who would honestly tell her at

once if unfamiliar with the. elusive

commodity.



‘Got some April Fool trick ready for

me?” was his first salutation.



“No; it’s only an order to fill for

Tom’s chemistry, some experiments he

wants to make at a 'party this evening.





He said I might have trouble in get-_

ting this last thing—4’ ve got all the'





rest. But he’s so anxious. lt’ s a new

eminent entirely. He didn’t know

but you might keep it. I’ve been to

the drug stores, and to Dr.





surgery. And the old hire, after look-





ing wise, and digging down into all his'





books after it when he thought I

wasn’t looking, told me that he had

“just sold out.’ And then a minute af-

ter, no «doubt realizing that I had seen

through his little dodge around the





Eaton, as,

"Fem said it might be used especially in»





word's, *1 ain’t know} showed me out

past haste with the intelligence that

“he never had kept it and never wopld.’

He gets more unbearably ridiculous ev-

ery day of his lifel”



“Yes, the things we don’t knowlare

bad enough usually, 'even when we

make an honest confession of them. I

shall. have to confess that I never

heard of “Medina” before. Tell your

brother that it is not listed in can ma~

teria. medica. He might get it at the

hard-wan. Have you tried there ?”



How glad Nell was of the suggestion.

'She would go 'to Hank Neville, at Sal—

em’s. She and Hank were tip-top

friends, and he would do his ’best to

help her out.



Hank scanned his assortment of

paints, oils, and varnishes anther

dou‘btilully. “Perhaps it might be some

proprietary stuff,” he ventured in sm-

gest to her.



Nell thought it queer that Tom had

it listed among his chemicals if such

was the case.



«Again be scanned the paper. “If I

were in your place re 30 home and

rest,” he advised, with a peculiar smile

on his face. “Tell Tom that the drug-

gist said he must have meant it for

‘Sarsaparilla,’ and take a bottle of‘that

in him. You’ve tramped far enough

for one day.”



“What do you mean?” asked Nell in-

dignantly; “do you suppose I’d do such

a. thing as flit-flit, and spoil his program ?

if i can think of another possible place,

I’ll try, -_i-f it is at the farthest end of

town.”



“Well, ” laughed Hank, “‘1 don’t think

you will find it in town.”



Nell reluctantly turned homewalrd.

There seemed no use of looking else-

where. She minutely related her ex-

periences to Tom, who was in more

than usually good spirits after his

sleep. When she had finished, he lean-

ed back and laughed heartily.



"‘I declare,” she exclaimed, display-

ing some temper, “you don’t seem to

care at all about my lack of success.”



“You have suCceed—ed :sc admirably

in accomplishing just what I wished——

so much more than I dared hope for,

that—”



A flash gleam'ed across her face, one

which came as suddenly as that which

had lowered the brow of Dr. Eaison

when he stopped short, recalled her or-

der, read it to himself forward and

then backward, the mystical term

“Looflirpa.” Her face burned with

mortification and chagrin as she re-

called the mysterious treatment at

’Stock’s, Dr. Pond’s bland smile, and

Hank’s kindly advice to “go home.” It

was all plain now. She went to her

room convinced that it is never safe

to promise that you will not be a vie

tim, just because you remember that

it is April Fool Day.





'llllliillllllllllilllllliilIllilllllilllllilllilllllillllliilmlIIIHHIIlillilllillllliliiliill|HHlllilillllllHillllllllIHIHHHHIIHI!|lIIIINIH!!IEHIIIHIIIHHIIHIIlilIIIHIHIIHIIHIIIIHlllllllllllllllllillllIlfflflflmmlllllmmllflill





Light of Western Stars





 





 





Madeline’s quick sight caught the

ball as it lined somewhat to the right.

It was shooting low and level with the

speed of a bullet. At a hundred yards

or so it began to rise. At two hundred

it seemed to be sailing into the sky. It

went up and up in swift, beautiful

flight, then lost its speed and began to

sail, to curve, to drop, and it fell out

of sight beyond the rim of the mesa.



Madeline had never seen a drive that

excelled this one. It was magnificent,

beyond belief, except for the evidence

of her own eyes.



The yelling of the cowboys probably

brought Nick Steele out of the aston.

ishment with which he beheld his

lucky shot. Suddenly alive to the sit-

uation. and resting nonchalautly upon

his dub, be surveyed Stillwell and the

boys. After their first surprised out-

burst they were dumb.



“le seen that?” Nick grandly

waver his hand. “Thought I was josh-





By ZANE GREY





 





 





in’, didn’t you? Why, I used to go to

St. Louis au’ Kansas City to play this

here game. There was some talk of

the golf clubs takin’ me down east to

play the champions; but I never cared

fer the game. Too easy fer me! Them

fellers back in Missouri were a: lot of

cheap dubs anyhow, always kickin’ be-

cause whenever I hit a ball hard 1 al-

ways lost it. Now you-ll can go ahead

an’ play Monty and Link. I could beat

them both, playin’ with one hand, if I

mated to; but I ain’t interested. I

jest hit thet ball off the mess to show

you. 1 sum wouldn’t be seen playin’

on your team!”





With that Nick sauntered away to-

ward the horses. Then Nels strode

into the limelight. He picked up the

club Nick had used and called for a

new ball. Stillwell carefully built up

a little mound of sand, and, placing

the ball upon it, squared away to

much. He looked'grim and expectant.
. an!





 





'APRIL 1, 1916.





~ Nels was not so large a man as Nick,

and did not look so formidable as he

waved his club at the gaping cowboys.

Still he was lithe, tough and strong.

Briskly, with an insouciant manner, he

stepped up and delivered a mighty

swing at the ball. He missed. The

power and momentum of his swing

flung him off his feet, and he actually

turned upside down and spun round on

his head.



The cowboys howled. Stillwell’s

stentorian laugh rolled across the

mesa. Madeline and her guests found

it impossible to restrain their mirth;

and when -Nels got up he cast a re-

proachful glance at them. His feelings

were hurt.



His second attempt, not by any

means so violent, resulted in as clean

a miss as the first, and brought jeers

from the cowboys.



Nels red face flamed redder. An-

grily he swung again. The mound of

sand spread over the teeing—ground,

and the exasperating little ball rolled

a few inches.



“Shore, it’s jest that crooked club.”



He changed clubs, and made another

signal failure. Rage suddenly possess-

ing him, he began to swing wildly. Al-

ways it appeared the elusive little ball

was not where he aimed. Stillwell

hunched his huge bulk, leaned hands

on knees, and roared his riotous mirth.

The cowboys leaped up and down in

a passion of boisterous laughter.



“You cain’t hit thet ball!” sang out

one of the noisest.



“Nels, you're too old!” Stillwell

shouted. "Your eyes are no good!”



Nels slammed down the club; and

when he straightened up, with the red

leaving his face, then the real pride

and fire of the man showed. He step-

ped off ten paces and turned toward

the little mound upon which rested the

ball. His arm shot down, elbow crook-

hand like a, claw.



“AW, Nels, it’s jest fun—that’s all!”

yelled Stillwell.



But swift as a gleam of light Nels

flashed his gun, and the report came

vith the action. Chips flew from the

golf~ball as it tumbled from the mound.

Nels had hit it without raising the

dust. Then he dropped the gun back

in its sheath and faced the cowboys.



“Mebbe my eyes ain’t so orful bad,”

he said coolly, and started to walk off.



“But look ahead, Nels,” replied Still-

well. “\Ve come out to play gol-lof.

”We can’t let you knock the ball around

with your gun. W’hat’d you want to

get mad for? It’s only fun. Now you

an’ Nick hang round heah an’ be so-

ciable. We ain’t depreciatin’ your com-

pany none, nor your usefulness on oc-

casions; an’ if you just hain’t got in-

born politeness sufficient to do the gal-

lant before the ladies, why, remember

Stewart’s orders.”



“Stewart's orders?” queried Nels,

coming to a sudden halt.



“That’s what I said,” replied Still-

well with asperity. “His orders. Are

you forgttin’ orders? VVal, you’re a

fine cowboy. You an’ Nick an’ Monty,

’specially, are to obey orders.”



Nels took off his sombrero and

scratched his head.



“Bill, I reckon I’m some forgetful;

but I was mad. I’d ’a’ remembered

pretty soon, an’ mebbe my manners.”



“Sure you would,” replied Stillwell.

“Wal, now, we don’t seem to be pro-

ceedin’ much with my gol-lof team.

Next ambitious player step up!”



In Ambrose, who showed some deft-

ness at the driving stroke, Stillwell

found one of his team. The succeed-

ing players, however, were so poor

and so evenly matched that the ear-

nest Stillwell was in despair. He lost

his temper just as easily as Nels had.

Finally Ed Linton’s wife appeared, rid-

ing up with Ambrose’s wife, and per-

haps this helped, for Ed suddenly dis-

closed ability that made Stillwell sin-

gle him out.



“Let me coach you a little,” said Bill.



“Sure, if you like,” replied Ed; “but

I know more about this game than

you do.” ‘



“Wal, then, let’s see you hit a ball





v





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





 





 





 





The evidence seems to be

that this Saxon “Six ” excels





Motor car buyers this past

year saw strenuous rivalry

in the price-class of Saxon

“Six.” Both “Fours” and

“Sixes” filled the field.





Before many of each make

were long in owners’ hands

the air was charged with

claims and counter-claims.





The public at large found it

difficult to reach definite

conclusions. So thousands

waited till the test of time

and trial determined the

class car from the merely

mediocre.





And in waiting they proved

their good judgment. For

the rigors of the road soon

thinned the ranks of many

motor cars that failed to

meet present-day standards.





At last it became obvious

that one car had fairly

earned top place. Those

who gauged values with un-

prejudiced eye found the

evidence only too clear.





Record after record had fallen be-

fore Saxon “Six.” It had set a

pace too hot for most. In speed,

in power, in hill—climbing, in

acceleration, and in economy

it seemed to out-class all others

in its field.





Write for interesting booklet “Saxon Days.”





And those critical ones who had

watched and waited now made

their decisions.





The rush started at the New York

Motor Show. In a week’s time

1250 orders for Saxon “Sixes”

poured in.





Nor was this a momentary sales

spurt. For following close upon

its heels came the Chicago Show

where 2150 orders were received.

So when the month of January

closed a record had been hung up

—orders for 4085 Saxon‘ ‘Sixes’ ’had

been recorded. And this in the

face of the fact that winter months

ordinarily are dull months.





Still there was no abatement. By

wire and mail and cable the orders

swept in. Buyers who had fronted

the early flood of paper promises

unmoved were capitulating to the

proof of Saxon “Six” performance.

And the month of February closed

with another record established——

a clear gain of 150 per cent over

February of 1915. Even as yet

there is no sign of let—up.





 





So now—at the end of a year in

owners’ hands—the supremacy of

Saxon “Six” seems unquestioned.

It has won an amazing welcome.

Men see in it a marvel of motor

car progress.





And the price of Saxon “Six”—

3 new price for a quality car——

recasts former ideas of what a

high-grade car should cost.





For in this new series Saxon “Six”

at $785 you get a car whose very

lightness denotes expensive ma-

terials and ablest engineering.





Whose beauty and luxury are of

resistless attractiveness. Whose

smoothness and flexibility are com—

parable to those of the multi-

cylinder motors of the newly de-

signed costly cars.





Frankly, the demand is fast

approaching our production limit.

Late comers may be forced to

content themselves with less than

a Saxon “Six.” So we urge you

to see your Saxon dealer at once.





“Sixes"





Touring Car . . . $785

Roadster - . . . . 785





“FOUFI”





Roadster . . . . $395

Delivery Car . . . 395





Saxon Motor Car Co.,

Detroit





The Saxon Motor Car Company

doecnotannounc yearlymodels





Address Dept. 1 9.





 





 





 





[380]





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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Get fly I; Fae took Tod-1m

It’s the bigmugg‘ Wmfi





 





N , Fa RM .13 a





,straight Don’t sling your club as if





you was ‘ropin" a steer. Come mama

easy like an’ hit straight.”

Ed made several attempts, which, 01-

though better than those of his pre~

decessors, were rather discouraging to

the exacting coach. Presently, after a

particularly artocious shot, Stillwell

strode in distress here and there, and

finally stopped a dozen paces or name

h {run-it of the teeing—ground. Ed calm-

ly mode ready for another attempt.



“Fm!” he called.

' Stillwell stared.



'F‘ore!” yelled Ed.



“Why’re you 'hollerin’ that way at

me?” demanded Bill.





 





 





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4





“I mean for- you to lope off the hori-

2011. Get back from in front.”



“Oh. that’s one of than crazy words

Monty is always holierin’. Wal, I rock-

on I’m safe enough hyar. You couldn’t

hit me in a million years.”



“Bill, ooze away,” urged Ed.



“Didn’t I say you couldn’t hit me?

What am I coachin’ you for? It’s be-

cause you hit crooked, ain’t it? Wal,

go ahaid an’ break your back.”



Ed Linton was a short, heavy man,

and his stocky build gave evidence of

strength. His former strokes had not





‘been made with much exertion, but





,now he got ready for a supreme effort.

A sudden silence camped down upon

the exuberant cowboys. It was one of

those fateful moments when the air

was charged with disaster. As Ed





, swung the club it fairly whistled.





Crack! Instantly came a thump;

but no one saw the ball until it drop-

ped from Stillwell’s shrinking body.

:His big hands went spasmodically to

the place that hurt and a terrible groan

rumbled from him.



Then the cowboys broke into a fren-

zy of mirth that seemed to find ade-

quate expression only in a dancing and

rolling accompaniment to their howls.

Stillwell recovered his dignity as soon





.as he caught his breath, and he ad-

1vanced with a rueful face.





“Wal, boys, it’s on Bill," he said.

“I’m a livin’ proof of the pig-headed-

ness of mankind. Ed, you win. You’re

captain of the team. You hit straight,

an’ if I hadn’t been obstructin’ the gen-

eral atmosphere that ball would sure





'1!





have gone clear to the Chiricahuas.





' Then making a megaphone of his huge





hands, Stillwell yelled a blast of de-

fiance at Monty and Link.

“Hey, you swell gol-lofers! We’re





 





 





Use onlorine

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Polarine adds power and life to your motor—makes hill





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The Standard Oil Company recommends Polarine for use in

any type or make of standardized automobile engine in zero

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Polarine maintains the correct lubricating

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Order a half barrel today. It costs less that way than in





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Agricultural Lime





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’ chaps with the wool outside.





waitin’. Come on if you ain’t scared.”



Instantly Monty and Link quit prac-

Eticing and, like two emperors, came

stalking across the links.



“Guess my bluff didn’t work much,”

said Stillwell. Then he turned to Mad«

cline and her friends. “Sure I hope,

Miss Majesty, that you-all won’t weak-

en an’ go over to the enemy. Monty

is some eloquent, an’ has a way of get-

tin' people to agree with him. He’ll be

plumb wild when he heahs what he an’

Link are up against; but it’s a square

'deal, because he wouldn’t help us or

lend the book that shows how to play.

Au’ besides, it’s policy for us to beat

him. Now if you’ll elect, who's to be

caddies an’ umpire I‘ll be powerful

lobliged.”



' Madeline’s friends were hugely

amused over the prospective match,

but, except for Dorothy and Castleton,

they disclaimed any ambition for ac-

tive participation. Accordingly Made-

line appointed Castleton to judge the

play, Dorothy to act as caddie for Ed





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 





1

t

l





 





Linton, and she herself decided to be





caddie for Ambrose. W'hile Stillwell

beamingly announced this momentous

news to his team and supporters, Mons

ty and Link were striding up.



Both were diminutive in size, bow-

legged, lame in one foot, and altogeth-

er unprepossessing. Link was young.

Monty’s years, more than twice Link’s,

had left their mark; but it would have

been impossible to tell the veteran

cowboy’s age. As Stillwell said, Monty

was burned to the color and hardness

of a cinder. He never noticed the heat,

and always wore heavy sheepskin

This





 





mu. 1. as:





made him look broader than he was

Long



Link. always partial to leather, had,

since becoming Madeline’s chauffeur,

taken to leather altogether. He car-

.ried no weapon, but Monty wore a

huge gun-sheath and gun. Link smok-

ed a cigarette and looked cooly impu-

dent. Monty was .darkafaced, swagger-

ing, for all the world like a barbarian

chief.



“That Monty makes my flesh creep,”-

said Helen, low-voiced. “Really, Mr.

Stillwell, is he so bad~desperate—as

I’ve heard? Did lie ever kill any-body?”



“Sure—most as many as Nels,” re-

plied Stillwell cheerfully.



“Oh! And is that nice Mr. Nels a

desperado, too? I would never have

thought so. He’s so kind and old-fash-

ioned and soft-voiced.”



“Nels is sure an example of the doo-

plicity of men, Miss Helen. Don’t you

listen to his soft voice. He’s really as

bad as a side-winder rattlesnake.”



At this juncture Monty and Link

reached the teeing—ground, and Still-

Well went out to meet them. The oth-

er cowboys pressed forward to sur-

round the trio. Madeline heard Still-

Well's voice, and evidently he was ex-

plaining that his team was to have

skilled advice during the play.



Suddenly there came from the center

of the group a loud, angry roar that

broke off as suddenly. Then followed

excited voices all mingled together.

Presently Monty appeared, breaking

away from restraining hands, and he

strode toward Madeline.



Monty Price had never been known

to speak to a woman unless he was

first addressed, and then he answered

in blunt, awkward shyness: Upon this

great occasion, however, it appeared

that he meant to plead with Madeline,

for he showed stress of emotion. Mad-

eline had never become acquainted

with Monty. She was a little in awe,

if not in fear of him, and now she

found it imperative to keep in mind

that more than any other of the wild

fellows on her ranch this one should

be dealt with as if he were a big boy.



Monty removed his sombrero—some-

thing he had never done before—show—

ing that his head was entirely bald.

This was one of the marks of that ter-

rible Montana prairie-fire through

which he had fought to save the life of

a child. Madeline did not forget it,

and all at once she wanted to take

Monty’s side. Remembering Stillwell’s

wisdom, however, she forbore yielding

to sentiment and called upon her wits.



“Miss—Miss Hammond,” began Mon-

ty, stammering. “I’m extendin’ admir-

in’ greetin’s to you an’ your friends.

Link an’ me are right down proud to

play the match game with you watch-

in’. But Bill says you’re goin’ to cad-

die for his team an’ coach ’em on the

fine points. An’ I want to ask, all re-

spectful, if thet’s fair an’ square?”



“Monty, that is for you to say,” re-

plied Madeline. “It was my sugges-

tion; but if you object in the least, of

course we shall withdraw. It seems

fair to 111e, because you have learned

the game, you are expert, and I under-

stand the other boys have no chance

with you. Then you have coached

Link. I think it would be sportsman-

like of you to accept the handicap.”



“AW, a handicap! Thet was what

Bill was drivin’ at! Why didn’t he say

so? Every time Bill comes to a word

thet’s pie to us old golfers, he jest

stumbles. Miss Majesty, you’ve made

it all as clear as pirnt; an’ I may say

with becomin’ modesty thet you wasn’t

mistakin’ none about me bein’ sports~

manlike. Me an’ Link was born thet

way. We accept the handicap. Lack-

in’ thet handicap, I reckon Link an’ me

would have no ambish to play our most

be-ootiful game. An’ thankin’ you, Miss

Majesty, an’ all your friends, I want to

add thet if Bill’s outfit couldn’t beat us

before, they’ve got a swell chanst now,

with you ladies at watchin’ me an’

Link!”



Monty seemed to expand with pride

as he delivered this speech. At the

end he bowed low and turned away to
.r.





. ~_,.._...





 





APRIL 1. 1116.





join the “group round Stillwell. Once

more there arose animated discussiong

and argument and expostu‘lation. One=

of the cowboys came for Castleton and

led him away to discuss the ground.

rules. '



It seemed to Madeline that the game2

never would begin. She strolled on the,

rim of the mesa, arm in arm with'

Edith Wayne, and while Edith talked





she looked out over the gray valley _





leading to the rugged black mountainsI

and the vast red wastes. In the fore-f

ground, on the gray flops, she saw cat-i

tie in movement and cowboys riding”

to and fro. She thought of Stewart.

Then Boyd Harvey came for her, i





saying that all the preliminary detailsl ~





had been arranged. Stillwell met them

half way, and this cool, dry old cattle“

man, whose face and manner would

scarcely change at the announcement!

of a cattle raid, now showed extreme:

agitation.



(Continued next week).





LIGHTING THE FARM HOME.





 





The matter of lighting the farmi

home with imprbved lights is one that‘

is worthy of attention in every home

not now provided with them. In the

past we have had but little choice. The

common kerosene lamp was the only

thing at hand. The light was poor,

Whatever style of lamp we had, and

the only choice was in the ornamenta-

tion. In these days of practical meth-

ods the demand is for light and not

merely for ornamental fixtures.



There are a number of excellent

lights on the market now, and all of

them have marked superiority over

the old style lamps. There are com-

paratively inexpensive lambs that give

excellent results, as far as the quality

of the light goes, and there are small

electric lighting plants and gas plants

for the farm home that are efficient.



A small electric lighting plant can

now be installed at moderate cost. The

current can be used for running mot-

ors, and the engine for running the

dynamo can also be used for running

other machinery if desired. Altogeth-

er, electricity is an admirable agent

for lighting the farm buildings where

the expense is not burdensome and

where a number of lights are needed

at the same time.



Acetylene gas is making consider~

able progress for lighting farm homes.

One advantage in this system of light~

ing is that the gas may be used to run

a range the same as-city gas.



There are various forms of lamps

that make use of incandescent man-

tles that furnish an excellent quality

of white light. They are operated by

means of gasoline or kerosene. Either

one is equally efficient. However, I

am personally opposed to having so

inflammable a substance as gasolene

about the house, especially Where

there are children. The perfection of

incandescent mantles, and of lamps for

burning kerosene and producing the

desirable white light by use of them

is a great step forward for lighting the

farm home. These improved mantle

lamps are very economical in the use

01' oil, so that installing them is a mat-

ter of economy as well as of conven-

ience.



Oculisis and physicians assert that

much of the increasing eye troubles

and chronic headache is due almost

entirely to poor lights and the conse-

quent eye strain. Good lights in the

farm home greatly facilitate doing the

housework, and they make reading

and study a pleasure where often it is

now drudgery. I believe that good

lights will do much toward solving the

problem of keeping the young folks

at home nights and on the farm in-

instead of going to the cities than! any

other one thing. A dark, dingy farm

home, Where all the members have to

huddle up around the lamp every night

is not conducive to contentment after

the children have once had experience

with the bright lights that are providr

ed in most town places.



~‘Wisoonsin. : , R. E. Dmcx. i





 





M: E R 17~~465





 





 





1 ' 7

V I. o ‘

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Every dollar planted in this big powerful Eight will

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With seven passengers can be throttled down on “high" to two

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ACCELERATION ——HIGH SPEED





From two to sixty miles an hour without gear changing, vibration,

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An unperfected experimental car of this model ascended the

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“Challenger” Model E, 60H.





the local King dealer can make a fact





six passengers, average weight 176 lbs. Slowed down to 5 miles

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two passengers made these three miles in four minutes and forty-

one seconds with full touring equipment. Starting from Denver in

“high"climbod Lookout Mountain and Genesee Peak, Colorado,

without once shifting gears or slipping clutch.





EASE OF OPERATION—COMFORT





The ideal car for women who drive because of little gear shifting

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The constant flow of power given by the high-speed eight cyl-

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Roadster, $1350 - - - Sedan “All-weather” Car, $1900 - - - Send for catalog and name of nearest dealer





KING MOTOR CAR CO





Year to pay for your Ra

S_I_ixty d__a__ys FREE tr__ial





 

 

 

 

 





You can buy a Rawleigh Engine on 60 d—l-ays free

trial, and if not absolutely satisfactory' m EVERY ‘i

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zine sold AT ANY PRICE.





 





 





11—0 day bank deposit. A whole

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Iii—AD T—HESE P__R___lCES- 0-6





HP. 825—70 And send at once for NEW catalog ._ ’





2 Hop. 38.90 _ — _ — _ — —

3 H. P. 49.80 EVERY Rnwlolgll engine is tested on brake to pull 15%

4 2 H. P. 69.90 more than its need horsepower continuously. Use 21190-

7 H_ p. 98.85 lone. kerosene. distillate. organ. 4-cyc1e—Makeand break

9 H P 1 39 65 ignition—Contact points can be cleaned while runnln



. ' Cylinders cast sepsrctely—( Hopper cooled—Semi i-Steel --

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Strawberry Plants





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STRAWBERRY lllll “ALUMNI PLANS

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—

WHOLESALE PRICES

IA To the planter of Strawberry and Raspberry plants. ‘

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.A. WES Md.“ HIGH.





wleigh





 





 





 

 

   





 





 

 

   

   

 





 





 





   





W. T. RAWLEIGH.





mid“ out R-wlw





   





 

 





 





 





   





MW8tosindmslndhm.





ngdxu the U S. De to!



I . p tux-o.

daubledtheyie‘ldolllandlbyeunderdrainmmd andsavedfls oloostbyusingour

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12X incheslonz. Oneman or operate- it had

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nabs. Thlsmachino and “leased WWW h-





Whnnen have





 

 

   





AGENTS WANTED





to represent a reliable concern can~

vassing among farmers in your own

neighborhood or elsewhere. No expe-

rience necessary. Liberal pay, and

supplies furnished free to right part-

ies. Reference required. Address.





 

 





   

   

   

   

   





Machine





 





, bout Till BENDNOWform-mge mush-nod

ml. 1111a Mama“ mmgghugerm mot-kn —' . . ”mum. Elli THE ll‘lllm rm,

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Dry Batteries





For Go. Engines Tractors Automobiles

also 10! Phones. llells. Hand Lanterns. Etc:





The Guarantee Protects You

-Ask Your Dealer





Complimentary to Users of Dry Batteries





Send dealer’s name and we will forward ouhfree

and postpaid. book—“How to Run the Gas ngme—

Simplified" adopted a. text book by 12 Stat.

Agricultural Colleges. Also our catalog of Every-

thing Electrical Ior Home and on the Farm.





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is a conspicuous feature of the

new Jackson “34.” It begins

with the swift, even impulses

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motor; it is emphasized by the

four full elliptic springs which

permit the Jackson to take

rough roads in comfort, the

deep luxurious upholstery, the

roomy body and the wonderful

completeness of equipment.





llodel "34" Four, S 985

Model "348" Eight, 1195

Model “68" Eight, 1685





Jackson Automobile Co.,





Jackson. Mich.





 





 





 





FOR HOMES, BARNS

and IMPLEMENTS N





DIRECT FROM FACTORY

TO YOU. HIGH GRADE



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D008





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When writing advertisers mention Iiiiellgan Farmer





T H E M‘I CH I G’A





N the study of Spain we pass from

countries smaller than the state of

Michigan to a country which 00m-



pares with our country in area and

in some other respects. Spain has

126,000,000 acres which is about 14 per

cent of the area of farm lands in the

United States. Spain, although pre-

eminently an agriculture country, hav-

ing 90 per cent of its area devoted to

that industry, yet there are at present

only 100 persons to the square mile,

while Spain under the Roman Empire

supported a population of 166 persons

to the square mile. It has a popula-

tion of 20,000,000, about four and a half

per cent of our population exclusive of

our insular possessions.



Of its 113,400,000 acres devoted to



agriculture, 16,000,000 acres are used



for grain raising, 31 per cent is being





. extensively cultivated and two per cent





is under intensive cultivation. Ten per

cent are in woods and brush. The

largest part of the area, Or 41 per cent,

is in pasture lands. The country is

dry, hot and sunshiny with little affor-

estation and much of the limited rain-

fall is lost through floods. Erosion is

a serious problem.



The greater part of Spain lies 011 a





plateau between 2,000 and 3,000 feet





N FA‘RMER_





By WM. B. HATCH





ities Spain is now placed in closer

commercial touch with the populous

centers of Europe which, with a mild

climate, enables her to supply the ear-

ly markets with farm products at high

prices.



Spain is a great market for Ameri-

can agricultural machinery and it will

be greater as co-opera’tive credit facil-

ities are increased. This is true even

with labor purchasable at from 40

cents to $1.00 a day. The cost of har-

vesting the wheat by hand at $1.00 per

day is about $4.00 per acre, while a

reaper with a two-horse team at $3.00

and a driver at $1.00 a day can har-

vest at least ten acres at one-tenth the

cost. Modern American machinery has

not been introduced more rapidly by

the small farmers because of the cost.

Lack of co-operative organization has

handicapped the Spanish farmer., For

example: The ocean freight rates

from New York to Kadiz or Barcelona

amount to $6.00 for 2,240 pounds, or 40

cubic feet of volume. The freight from

the ports to the interior on the rail—

roads is much higher, amounting to $15

per long ton to Madrid. The import

duty is $18 per long ton on agriculture

machinery, which is “knocked down

and crated” but this is rebated to the





 





 





above sea level. In spite of this, how-

ever, some 60 or 70 per cent of the

population is engaged in agriculture.

In 1910 they raised 7,433,620 tons of

wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize and

rice on 25,620 square miles. Beans,

peas, lentils, onions, garlic, nuts,

olives, oranges, raisins, grapes, lem-

ons, beet sugar are among the more

conspicuous agriculture products.

This plateau country has awakened

to the importance of cooperative agri-

culture to promote irrigation projects

and dry farming methods. The imme-

diate vicinity of the rivers was irri-

gated by the Romans and the Moors

centuries ago. However, only about

three per cent of the farm lands have

been brought under irrigation in a pe-

riod of 2,000 years. This is chiefly be-

cause of the cost and the lack of funds

available. There is also great need for





machinery to do farming on a large

scale.



The size of the farms in Spain aver-

age much larger than they do in the

United States. Our farms are mostly

between 75 and 250 acres in area with

only a few comparatively under 10

acres or over 500 acres, whereas those

in Spain are mostly very large or very

small, a large part of the area being

holdings of 500 to 35,000 acres, owned

by absentee proprietors and much of

the remainder in small holdings under

ten acres in area worked by their own-

ers. The large holdings are mostly

worked on the share system, by ten-

ants under the supervision of a local

agent of the proprietor, although the

tendency is toward the dividing up of

the large estates as provided under

the law abolishing primogeniture.



By reason of improved railroad facil-





 





the use. of modern, up-to-date farming-





 





Where the Spaniards are Taught Better Methods of Poultry Husbandry.





agricultural societies (sindicatos). A

mowing machine, knocked down and

crated, costs $38 at retail in the United

Stotes so the wholesale price for ex-

port should be much lower. The ocean

freight is $2.00 each, transportation to

the interior is $5.00 and cartage and

assembling $2.00 each which, with com-

mission to the sindicato of $3.00 brings

the price up to $50 to the farmer. This

is what they ought to pay and the price

French farmers of the interior do pay.

But the Spaniards and Italians pay $80

and $70 respectively per machine.



El Sindicato Nacional de Maquirnaria



grlcola, a private manufacturing com-v

pany in Spain makes plows, threshing

machines, etc, but imports mowers,

reapers, etc. Its prices are $80 for

mowers, $150 for re'apers (which retail

at $55 in America and should sell for

$80); grain drills, six feet wide, at

$130; disc harrows, five feet wide, at

$80; one-horse cultivators, at $45; two-

horse cultivators, for re-plowing, $75;

one-horse, five—point grain drills, $40;

fertilizer distributors, ten feet wide,

at $150; onehandle two—horse plows, at

$12, and spring-toothed barrows at $30.



While we have two and one~ha1f

times as many cattle and large stock

as Spain, we .only have three-fourths

as many small animals in proportion

to area. The breeding of fighting bulls

in Spain is as important as that of

race horses in America and England.

The finest jackasses in the world are

produced by Spain.



The same kind of land which is val-

ued at $40 an acre under the old meth-

od of dry farming, and which produces

15 bushels of wheat to the acre every

second or third year, thus averaging

about six bushels to the year, can be

made to produce eight times as much





 





APRIL 1, 1916.





The Agricultural, Development of Spain





under irrigation, proper cultivation,

etc. Under these improved conditions

the selling price of the land is increas-

ed from $300 to $1,000 an acre.



The interesting feature for us in the

United States of the agricultural credit

system in Spain is the careful study

which the Spanish government has

made at close range of the systems of

agricultural credit in the other Euro-

pean countries and the systematic way

in which it ‘has gone about investigat-

ing its own requirements. It was found

that the credit and banking facilities

were fairly good for the large landed

proprietors but illy adapted to the

needs of the smaller farmer. There

had been organized in Spain at the

time of the visit of the committee, over

6,530 local institutions recognized by

the state under the law of sindicatos

which furnished agricultural credit to

the farmer. Capital is limited in

amount and devoted mainly to short

time individual loans for productive

purposes. It was found, however, that

only about one out of eight of the

farms could be accommodated from

these sources. Long time credit is en-

couraged to some extent by the land

mortgage bank of Spain and the bank

of Spain, but the exactions by these

banks have been so severe that they

have afforded little relief to the aver-

age small farmer. '



In the domain of co-operative pro-

duction there are some 500,000 farmers

in Spain associated together through

2,500 co-operative societies coming un-

der the general title “Sindicatos Agri-

colas.” Nearly 1,000 of these have

been formed since the law of 1908 ex-

empting them from taxation and ex-

tending their privileges; 83 farmers

associations and 100 chambers of agri-

culture are included in the 2,500. In

1908 there were 856 sindicators and

within the next year 300 more were

formed. Eight of these are associa-

tions for putting in irrigation works

but the majority of them were estab-

lished by the farmers for the purpose

of purchasing seeds, machinery, fer-

tilizers, live stock, etc., for the im-

provement in production. Their suc-

cess has been pronounced.



Under the influence of the co-oper-

ative movement production has been

increased in quality as well as quan-

tity; conservation of the natural re-

sources, such as the fertility of the

soil and the forests, has been encour-

aged. The more suitable kinds of cul-

tivation have been introduced, the re-

gion of intensive cultivation has been

extended; the stock raising industry

is being transformed through the de-

Velopment of forage and other crops

instead of depending upon grazing and

the industry has been made safer

through the introduction of animal in-

surance and rural police. The cattle

raisers’ association is carrying on a

campaign of education among all its

members, teaching them the require-





ments of the market and how they,





should raise their stock to meet these

requirements. It also instructs them in

the introduction of more suitable

kinds of stock and helps them to im-

prove the breed.



The department of agriculture has

traveling professorships in the several

provinces and experimental farms on

which the modern methods of scien-

tific farming are being demonstrated

and they also make separate demon-

strations on the farms of the various

sections of the country. The experi-

mental department is combating plant

diseases. A remedy has been found

for almost every disease which has yet

appeared, including phyloxera which

threatened the grape vine, in Spain

and other European countries. Co-op-

oration has been the most influential

factor in enabling this program to be

carried out.



Centuries ago the old Gothic pro—

duce exchange of Valencia, was fre-





 





 





v“ ...-.,. . “.v m
7“» -'- m





 





_ APRIL 1'. 1916.





quented by the Venetians and other





great traders of the Mediterranean,





and Cadiz’, on the» Atlantic, was tile

great distributing port for the whole

world. Recently Barcelona has come

to the front, being at present the most

important shipping center of Southern

Europe, having nearly a million in-

habitants. From this port, modern rail-

road trains carry citrus fruits and veg-

etables for the earliest markets in

continental Europe.



Probably the largest and most in-

fluential of the farmers’ organizations

of Spain is The National Association

of Cattle Raisers. This association has

over 38,000 members, distributed over

the whole of Spain. It has undertaken

co-operative buying and marketing. At

the present time its scope covers the

co-operative purchase of all the raw

material used by its members, the im-

proving of live stock for breeding pur~

poses, cattle insurance, rural credit so-

cieties, co—operative sale of cattle, co-

operative cheese factories and butter-

making plants, wool washing and the

publication of monthly bulletins, show-

ing the state of the market and the

condition of production, annual re-

ports, special instruction .to the mem-

bers concerning market prices and re-

quirements, and the methods of pro-

duction to best fulfill these require-

ments, cow-testing associations, live

stock breeder’s' associations, regional

and central stock expeditions or fairs

and a general propaganda work. Many

prominent government omcials being

members, this association has been

able to get laWS enacted and executed

for the improvement of the cattle in-

dustry, and also to reduce the cost of

beef to the general public.



Meat Supply of Madrid.



The consumers buy directly.from the

meat markets, either in the several

public markets, or in shops throughout

the city, paying 40 cents a pound for

the best cuts of beef, 25 cents for

round and rib roasts, and 14 and 18

cents for neck and hock cuts. The

dealers buy in halves and quarters, at

an average price of 15% cents a pound

from auction jobbers, who purchase di-

ricetly from the producers’ association

and pay all the fees to the municipal-

ity. They receive for their profits all

the parts, except the dressed beef,

such as the hide, horns, hoofs and

heads, etc. The producers receive

about the same price that these auc-

tion jobbers get, namely, 151/2 cents a

pound for dressed beef on the average.

The producers have to pay a killing fee

to the municipality, whose employes

do the slaughtering at the rate of 80

cents per head for beef cattle and eight

cents for sheep and hogs. They also

pay the freight charges from the ship-

point and two per cent plus the cost of

delivery to the abattoirs as a fee to

the association.



The people in the country districts

of Spain live mostly in villages, partly

because of the traditional custom of

grouping together for mutual protec-

tion and defence and also for the rea-

son that a large part of the open coun~

try in Spain is very dry, dusty, and

lacking in vegetation throughout a

large part of the year. The tenure of

land has something to do with it, too,

for there has been little inducement to

build separate houses on the larger es-

tates.



The rural life in those portions of

the country where vegetation is lack-

ing, seems to be miserable and mono-

tonous, and the people appear to re-

flect their miserable existence. They

look dried up, half starved and over-

worked. The country people in the

pleasanter regions, are strong, hand-

some and robust, as well as good na-

tured and full of fun. All but the very

highest type of people are interested,

above everything else, in bull fighting.



The Social Reform Institute succeed.

ing the Social Reform Commission was

organized to act as an arbitrator be-

tween capital and labor, to study the

whole problem, and to make recom-

mendations as to the means for bet-

tering these unfortunate rural condi-





THE MIICHI'G’AN .FARMFR





tions. This Institute has proved a

most valuable institution for encourag-

ing improvement in social conditions.

Nearly all the recent laws passed by

the Cortes for the betterment of agri-

culture, have been formulated and rec-

ommended by the Institute. The state,

the Provinces and the Communes are

authorized by law to grant, free of

charge, such land as may be necessary

for workmen’s houses, and these hous-

es are exempt from taxation, as well

as the concerns engaged in building

them, and the government grants 500,-

000 pacetes annually towards this

work.

Public Road Improvement.



National highways are built and

maintained by the state, provincial

highways at the expense of the Prov-

ince in which they are situated, and

district highways are built and paid

for by the townships, which may bor-

row from 40 to 70 per cent of the cost

of construction at five per cent inter-

est from the Federal government,

which appropriates a certain limited

amount annually for this purpose.

These loans are amortizable in thirty

years by annuities. The estimates for

road construction for the year of the

visit of our commissioners was $1,980,-

000 for district roads, of which $720,-

000 is supplied by the Federal govern-

ment besides $474,000 for building new

national roads. The estimated cost of

new construction is $6,100 per mile

and maintenance $144 per mile. Pro-

vincial and state roads must have a

t.I.-nty-foot roadway from shoulder to

shoulder, with gutters two feet eight

inches by 12 inches, with a macadam

surface 15 feet wide, and tapering from

eight inches thick at the center to four

inches thick at the side.





By Royal Decree of July, 1907, there

has been established an Institution of

Mutuality and Providence or thrift in

public schools of Spain. The children

are taught to begin to make provisions

for the future in the following way:

(a) saving's bank accounts drawing

compound interest; (b) insurance of

dowery for girls; (c) old age pensions

for all; (d) vacation colonies and

health insurance, etc., for all. This

institution has worked well in Italy

and is being taken up with enthusiasm

by the Spanish teachers and the rural

population.



Local Markets. ‘



There being few cities with a large,

population the system of a central

market place and regular market days

for bringing in the produce from the

surrounding countries generally pre-

vails. The price of labor being low

and women and children generally tak-

ing care of the sales of produce in the

markets, the cost is kept down pretty

low. Usually women pack the farm

produce on donkeys or load it in carts

and bring it into the market and sell it

themselves, while their husbands re-

main laboring in the fields. Sunday is

the day for selling live stock, and in

the small villages this is made. a sort

of holiday occasion, like a country fair.



The whole nation is united in the be

lief that co-operation in all its phases

should be encouraged. It is recognized

that this is a matter which will not

make the most rapid progress by be-

ing left by itself. The government,‘

through the Department of Agriculture

and more particularly through the Bu—

reau of Social Reforms, is making a

continued effort to guide the progress

of co-operation and to stimulate the

formation of co-operative societies. In

addition to what has already been sug-

gested in the field of accomplishment

it may be added that many small vil-

lages are being supplied with electric

lights, and factories are being estab-

lished in the open country for the pur-

pose of manufacturing raw materials

at the place where they are produced,

such as sugar beet factories and mar-

malade factories. The people are thus

enabled to continue to live in the coun-

try and have further 'means of employ-

ment, while the factories get the ad-

vantage of the lower and morestable

kind of labor.





 





19—467 .





 





 





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THEbM'ICHIGA-N FA’RMER’





 





 

 

 





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yard well pumping water for the



drove of thirsty cattle and horses

which had crowded about the concrete

tank for their noonday drink. He pump-

ed briskly, and as he pumped he whis~

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though life were good and the world a

fine place to live in. And surely the

world had treated him well. Thirty

head of cattle, ‘25 of them pure-bred

and five “just cattle,” as John put it,

surrounded the water tank, all sleek,

well-fed and well cared for. Besides

the cattle there were a half dozen

colts, while in the enclosure beyond

John sighted 20 porkers all promising

a. big check come fall. Then Grace

had her poultry, 300 choice Plymouth

Rocks, not to mention the turkeys she

was going to have for Thanksgiving,

provided wind and weather and the

other terrors of turkeyhood did not ov-

ertake them.



Why shouldn’t he whistle and be

happy? He was young, strong and pros-

perous, with a prospect of many fat

years ahead. But as the cattle still





JOHN LUDLOW stood at the farm





 





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[continued to drink and the pump han-

dle, perforce, to work up and down,

somehow the immediate happiness be-

gan to recede and a flicker of impa—

itience chased the contented look from

lJohn’s good-natured face. Pumping

‘water for 30 head of stock can hardly

:be regarded as mirth provoking em-

ployment at best, and as the cattle

‘showed no sign of being satisfied,

{John’s strokes became less willing.

Hang it all! This might be all

right for boys when dad set them at

fit. But for an up-to—date farmer with

[real work to do it seemed like waste

ltime. Why hadn’t he an engine to do

i this work for him, so he could be free

for something worth while? There

was no windmill, for John had always

intended to have an engine. But there

had been so many other things to get

first. Up-to-date machinery had to be

bought, for while his father had helped





 





him get the farm, he had failed to pro-





vide any of the accessories. Then

came his marriage and that meant

building over the house and, of course,

a fellow had to take a wedding trip,

which meant a couple of hundred

dollars more.



Then when Grace came, there were

so many things she needed, or thought

she did, which with the Ludlows usual-

ly amounted to the same thing. There

had been screens for the porch, though

John and the hired man had got along

without even screens at the doors.

And she had had to have a sink, and

a gasoline stove. That was when he

should have put his foot down and

bought the engine. Then after the

Vapor stove for hot weather she had

actually buncoed him into putting in a

furnace for winter. He grew quite

Warm thinking about it in the hot June

sunshine. The need for furnaces hav-

ing passed a month ago, the outlay

seemed ridiculous. Put in a furnace

that could only be used five or six

months in the year and go without a

gasolene engine that could be used all

He gave the pump

handle a vicious yank at the thought.

The cattle could choke if they hadn’t

enough water now. He should pump

no more, now or ever, a gasolene en-

gine should do the work hereafter.



John departed to the field still mus-

ing on the injustice of wives. Had to

have everything in the house for con-

venience and show, no matter how





 





 





 





 





 





 





l/Bmaljnnbtflefi





,‘Af' ”HGl‘IlelCl'I—la) Elf/Either?





 





 





 





The Domestic Crucible—24





John Asserts His Independence.





.knew the





   





"\





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





much a man had to sweat to provide

it for them.



He quite forgot that he had taken

as much comfort, and credit, for the

furnace while the icy winds of winter

howled around, as did Grace, and shut

his eyes to the hammock on the cool

screened-in porch where he would take

his siesta during the dog days. Grace

had insisted on those things and he

was obliged to pump water for want of

an engine. This was the burden of his

thoughts. Even now she wasn’t satis-

fied. Only that morning she had been

raving about a tapestry davenport that

Mary Bullock had just bought, and

hinting at how bare their own living-

room looked. Well, it could look bare

this summer, and John shut his mouth

grimly. He was going to have a gaso-

lene engine.



Meanwhile in the house Grace was

pondering ways and means to get a

davenport a little finer than Mary’s

with which to dazzle the eyes of the

countryside when the Farmers’ Club

met with her in July. Mary’s was all

right as far“ as it went, but it was only

mahogany and veneer, and the tapes-

try upholstering was far from being

the best. The Ludlows would have

one just a little better, Grace resolved,

that is provided John proved reason-

able, which he usually did. To make

sure of this much to be desired end

she carefully planned everything for

dinner that he liked best, and even

eliminated the fresh salad, which be-

ing a woman, she loved, and being a

man John contemptuously referred to

as “cow fodder.” Instead, she made

fresh pie and dug up nearly two rows

of potatoes in an effort to get enough

new ones for dinner.



An air of aloofness which hung about

John at dinner warned her, however,

that this was not a propitious moment

to mention new furniture. Probably

something had gone wrong during the

morning, so she would put it off till

night. It would be better to wait until

there was plenty of time for discus-

sion, anyway.



“Mary only paid $65 for her daven-

port,” she began tentatively at supper.

“They were more than that the sum~

mer'l worked in the store.” '



“Well, that’s just about $60 more

than it’s worth, and $35 less than I’m

going to pay for a gasolene engine,”

John remarked tersely. “i always

thought Pete Bullock was a fool; now

I know it. He doesn’t even have a

corn planter that will work, and spends

$65 for a thing to set in the parlor for

a lot of women to gabble over!”



“Gasolene engine,” gasped Grace, ig-

noring the scornful allusion to her sex

in her dismay at the announcement.

“What in the world do you want of a

gasolene engine?”



“For the same reason you wanted a

vacuum cleaner and stationary tubs,”

said John, “to save my back, of

course. Why should a man pump wa—

ter by the hour for his stock while his

wife has all the labor-saving machinery

she can thing of in the house? My

back is almost broken now,” and John

arose, placed both hands across his

back with a mock groan of misery and

hobbled out of doors.



GraCe giggled in spite of her irrita-

tion. John’s imitation of suffering

womanhood had been too funny. But

gasolene engine when she especially

needed that davenport to impress two

or thr‘ee women who thought they

latest in house furnish-





- engines.





 





ings! It really was too bad of John.

but there was no use arguing. Grace

knew this was one of the times when

John would have his own way. She

picked up the last farm paper and turn-

ed its pages idly, wondering if she

could not find some ideas there to es-

tablish her superiority as a hostess

without the aid of a davenport. Her

eye fell on a glowing advertisement for

“Pumps water into the

house, runs your washing machine,

churns, gives you your own electric

lighting plant,” she read no farther.

Water in the house, electricity, a pow-

er washing machine—the very things

she had been secretly planning to get,

and wondering how best to approach

John about. And here he had walked

straight into the trap by insistinggfin

the engine himself. How easy nien

were! Just like wax in a clever wom‘

an’s hands.



She hummed a gay little song as she

cleared the table, and John, coming

back after the milk pails thought with

much satisfaction that all a wife need-

ed to keep her in her place was a judi-

cious amount of masculine firmness.



But his satisfaction would have been

somewhat marred had he known that

even as Grace was urging him to order

his engine that evening, she had al-

ready written for price lists of power

washers and was planning a look into

the cost of country house plumbing.



DEBORAH.





 





TH E PASS-lT-ALONG CLUB.





 





BY ELLA E. aocxwoon.



It was at one of those friendly

neighborhood afternoon gatherings,

known as a porch party, where a num-

ber of ladies were gathered with their

needlework or crochet. Someone sug-

gested that the various members pres—

ent each give a household hint for the

benefit of the others. Agreeing to this,

the hostess called upon the ladies in

alphabetical order, six to respond at

the first meeting and six. at the next

one, and so on.



Mrs. Allen responded with the fol-

lowing: “I have had so much trouble

with my own and my daughters hose

dropping stitches and running down

the leg that I determined to try a cou-

ple of rows of machine stitching

around the top just below where the

elastic catches. VViih a short stitch

and a loose tension this works fine. It

holds the stitches, yet doesn’t inter-

fere with the necessary stitching in

putting on the stocking.”



Mrs. Ames followed with another

hose suggestion: “When a stitch

breaks and runs I have found machine

stitching much better than a needle

and thread to repair the damage. I

take silk thread the color of the hose

and stitch up the length of the break

close to the edges, as for any seam.

This holds much better than over and

over work. But I shall try Mrs. Allen’s

ounce of prevention hereafter.”



Mrs. Brown answered the hostess

with a practical dyeing hint: “When

a crepe de chene waist has been laun-

dered a number of times, if white, it

begins to turn yellow, or, if colored,

to fade. By soaking a couple of sheets

of colored crepe paper in warm water

enough color will be drawn out for a

dye. Dip the waist in this until the,

shade desired is secured, then partially

dry and press with a warm iron. Re-

peat the dying as often as necessary.”



Mrs. Collins said: “When washing

white silk hose or gloves, the pieces

will not turn yellow if dried in a dark

closet. This applies also to silk waists.”



Mrs. Holmes gave a valuable hint'to





 





 





- < “www.mr.





.m...>«... inner-em - ,.__.,





_.
._...____..-s~n—..-.—_~ ~ ~ w~ -





V span. 1, 1916.

Spring Desserts

and Salads





In the spring, when there is no fresh

fruit,and canned fruit 18 about all gone,

the 'dainty and' delicious desserts and

salads made of Jell-O are relished more

than at any other time of the year—for

they all have fruit flavors, and nothing

else “touches the s t” so satisfactorily

as the delightful y flavored dishes





.. eOJELL-O





There are Strawberry Jell-O, Cherry

Jell-O, Raspberry Jell-O, Lemon Jell-O,

Oran e Jel -O, Peach Jell-O and Choco-

late ell-O—seven different kinds—and

any one of them for 10 cents, enough to

make a big dessert for 31x persons.



For Sunday dlnner, for everyday

dinner, for an afternoon luncheon, or

for lunch when friends drop 1n to see

you in the evening, there IS nothing so

perfectly satisfacto as Jell-O. '



Every package 0 Jell-O contains a

folder in which are -

directions for mak-

ing up Jell-O m

e v e r y conceivable

form, and these direc,

tious are so plain that

any housewife can

make, (at a cost of no

cents) the same splen-

did dishes as are made

by the great chefs of

the grandest hotels in

New York and other

cities.



The New JelloO Rec-

ipe Book. telling about

a young bride’s house-

keeping experiences.

will be sent,to you free

if you will write and

ask us for it. -



Remember all gro-

cers and general store—

keepers sell Jell~O at

l0 cents a. package.



THE GENESEE



PURE FOOD C0.

LeRoy. N. Y.. end

Brldgebnrz. Ont.



Be Sure the Name Joli-O in bi red letters is on the



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send me his name and

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THE MICHI





mothers of small children. “Stockings

wear out at the knees so quickly that

it is hard to keep youngsters in hos-

iery that is not unsightly from repeat-

ed mending, even while the feet are

perfectly whole. At last I tried cutting

them off just above the ankle and turn—

ing them front for back, stitching the

parts together again on the machine

with a loose tension. The seam does

not hurt the foot at that point and

with high shoes does not show, while

the stocking wears just twice as long

as before.”



The sixth and final hint for the‘ after-

noon was from Mrs. Johnson, whose

little daughter had been ill with scar-

let‘fever. “The appetite of a child re-

covering from an illness," she said,

“needs a good deal of coaxing. One

day Mary took a notion she wanted

some oyster soup. It was not the oys-

ter season and, of course, gratifying

her was out of the question. But I

had a can of salmon in the house and

with that to flavor the milk, butter,

pepper and salt foundation of the reg—





 





ulation oyster soup I made her a dish

which she declared just the thing. We 5





have since tried it for the rest of the}





like oysters. Half a tall can of salmon i

will make soup for half a dozen peo-i

ple. Simmer first in water, breakingl

the fish into small pieces, then add

milk, butter, pepper and salt. Serve

hot with crisp crackers and I am sure

your folks will call it good.”





WHEN YOU SHINGLE YOUR BUILD-

lNNG.





 





BY EMMA GARY WALLACE.



Experience is a good teacher, and

there is no reason why the experience

of one individual cannot be passed on

for the profit of many.



Everyone who owns buildings faces

the problem semi-frequently of shing-

ling, and the temptation is to do this

with as great a degree of; economy as

possible. Economy, however, does not

always mean saving in original outlay.

It takes longer to lay poor shingles

than good ones. Besides, they do not





family and find it tastes som,ething§_





G‘AN FARMER 21—469





ail at N. C. .





, , .. z, .. w»..- r» .

$5 :. l ,. i . i m

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DO you realize the great interest there 18 1:1



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now? At a big Farmers’ Union Meeting, comprismg

18 counties in North Carolina, 20 of our booklets,

“Facts and Figures on Dairying," were passed through tin

crowd from man to man. Those desiring copies were asked to

write to the Catawba Creamery, Hickory, North Carolina.



In 25 days, 462 requests for booklets were received.



Farmers are realizing that three cows with a good cream

Separator are as profitable as four without one. Agood separa-

tor is one that gets all the cream down to one drop in each gallon

of skim milk. That's efficiency—and that’s the reason for the

popularity of International Harvester separators,Lily and Primrose.



Lily and Primrose separators skim to this fine standard 101‘

years, because they are built on a sane design, strong, Simple,

reliable, sanitary. The few easy adfustments necessary, anyone

can make. The single automatic oi ing arrangement takes care

of every bearing and sidesteps trouble. _



“Facts and Figures 011 Dairying” will help you, too. \Vr'ite

for it and for ‘a catalogue. See the l H C dealer who can furnish

you with 2. Lily or a Primrose separator.





international Harvester Company of America





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CHICAGO U S A

~ A Champion During McCormick Milwaukee Osbome Plano





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

 

 





 





 





Good harness deserves

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give the service in point of length of

life of a higher grade.



An occasional complaint is made

that the clear, redwood shingles now

favored by many for use in roofing, are

inclined to rot around the wire nails

which hold them, so that. in time the

shingles blow off in a high wind, while

they are yet sound and serviceable.

This objection is also advanced for

some other grades of shingles and the

experience of a carpenter who has ob

served closely, causes and results for

over 50 years, should be of value in

this connection. This man declares

that the elements attack the metal of

the nail, gradually corroding it and

causing it to grow smaller with the

passing seasons.



The tendency of the round, wire

nails is to lose its thin, flat head in

time so that the shingle is blamed for





 





 





what is really the fault of the nail. If

the nail itself has grown smaller and

the head weakened, a high wind com-

ing from the right direction will lift

the shingles and gradually work the

hole around the nail larger and larger.

In time the shingles will blow off be

cause they are no longer held firmly

in place.



To prevent such a waste of labor and

money, to say nothing of disappoint-

ment entailed is a simple matter if one

knows how. Here is the secret. Use

the old-fashioned cut shingle nails.

These are of more durable material

than the round variety and in addition

to this, the heads are a part of the

whole nail and so do not come off as

readily. The square cutting clinches

the wood at four points and so there

is not the danger of loosening. This is

especially true if the roof boards be-

neath are sound and trustworthy.





 





Turnips and potatoes, when fed raw,

are not greatly relished by the hens.

These should be cooked and fed with





_Ql_(_i Dutch





 





 





/





 





 





 





the mash 'mixture.





 

 





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470—22





THE MICHIGA





N F'ARM‘ER





‘





APRIL 1, 1916.





 





' Rock Bottom





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Steel Ron





Ever





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Mention The Mlchlgan Farmer When Writing Advarilsm





   

 





 





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The Milk Inspection Problem





T the Lenawee County Round-up



Farmers’ Institute, Hon. George



B. Horton, in discussing the sub-

ject of “The Modern Idea of Dairying,”

after reviewing the history of the dairy

industry of the state, commented in

part as follows on the system of in-

spection, by city boards of health now

in vogue in the dairy districts, con-

tributing to their milk supply:



Dairymen now find themselves sub-

ject to the absolute dictation of big

corporations and the fads and fancies

of boards of health of nearby and dis-

tant large cities, the mandates of which

are sought to be enforced in the main

by political influence appointed men

having no knowledge of farm life and

its environments, and thus poorly fit-

ted to discriminate between the rea-

sonable and the unreasonable, the jus-

tifiable and the unjustifiable, the nec-

essary and the unnecessary. Moreover

these mandates are Czar-like in that

no hearing is accorded and no appeal

provided for, except the dairyman may

keep his milk at home, feed it to the

pigs or go out of the business.



Now the question may very properly

be asked, “Have dairymen any reason-

able and justifiable rights to maintain

in the matter, and should they in jus-

tice prepare themselves for a demand-

ed hearing?



Really, it is hardly conceivable that

here is a question vital in many re-

spects to both producer and the con-





,sumer, and yet from the position taken





by the acting conservators of the con-

sumer’s welfare, one might easily con-

clude that the equity and the real

right of it are all on their one side;

while the dairymen have but to obey

the mandates proclaimed.



Does Good Equipment Insure Good



Milk?



Now in all fairness it must be ad-

mitted that under such conditions au-

thorities acting even with good mo-

tives are very likely to go to unreason-

able and maybe unjust extremes in

their demands; and it certainly seems

that already city boards of health in

their unrestrained authority have gone

beyond reason, and have issued man-

dates unjustified by what should gov-

ern in the premises. Therefore, it be-

comes the duty of dairymen to prepare

for the defensive so that they may not

be unreasonably dealt with.



To substantiate our position in this

matter, the following information is

given: Boards of health from cities to

which the great bulk of the milk pro

duced in this vicinity is shipped .for

consumption are autocratically dictat-

ing as to the equipment employed in

the production and care of milk and

all of which involves varying degrees





. of money expenditure and labor, and





with all this goes the inference that

but a beginning is being made in what

dairymen will be commanded to do.

Investigation will show that in many

cases these demands are burdensome

and are both unfair and unjust because





' unnecessary to insure the production





of good milk. 1n the territory sur-

rounding the large cities in the eastern

states, the aggressive and arbitrary at-

titudes and movements of boards of

health have provoked much conflict

between them and the dairymen. So

important were the questions and prin-

ciples involved in the demands made

that experiment stations at state col-

leges commence carefully planned in-





vestigations and comparisons to deter-

‘ mine what justification there might be





in it all.



At the beginning it was found that

boards of health were proceeding upon

the theory that if the equipment upon

a dairy farm was in conformity with

certain prescribed plans and mandates,





 





the quality of the milk produced need

not be questioned, so that arbitrarily

just by visiting the farms and without

testing or even seeing the milk it was

given a passport for delivery or, on the

other hand, was summarily deprived of

that privilege. In other words, it was

the barns, the stable and the caring for

equipment and apparatus that was be-

ing tested, instead of the milk, which

in fact, should be the object of the test.

Why, yes, it is the milk and not the

buildings and equipment that is to be

shipped to the cities for consumption,

and what would consumers away in

the cities know or care about the par-

ticular construction or color of a barn,

or the particular methods of cooling,

so long as the milk itself stood the

test of good quality in all its require-

ments.



The experiment stations, to learn

whether such a method of determining

the standard quality of milk was justi-

fied, conducted an actual test of the

milk, regardless of the equipment

wherein it was produced. Samples

were taken from an equal number of

farms of accepted and rejected equip-





 





 





 





SOME VERY PERTINENT

QUESTIONS.





How far should the City Boards

of Health be allowed to dic-

tate the methods to be em-

ployed by dairymen in the pro-

duction of milk for city con-

sumers?





Has the farmer any rights in the

matter of determining the con-

ditions under which he may

produce such milk?





Should license to sell be grant-

ed upon a showing of accept-

able farm equipment or upon

the delivery of wholesome

milk at the receiving station?





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





ment, and the operation repeated for a

fair comparative record as to quality,

and with the result that the milk from

the board of health black-listed farms

was fully up with, and in a number of

cases, much ahead of the milk from

the O. K.’d farms. ~



Here we have a marked demonstra-

tion of the difference between mere

theories and actual facts. Then, too,

the result of these tests reveals the

great injustice done a lot of well-

meaning dairy farmers of moderate

means, who by force of circumstances

must, so far as consistent, get along

with just the actual essentials in fin—

nancial outlay and labor employed.



To carry these tests a little farther

and to more fully determine the neces-

sity of much of health board demands,

milk was taken from the simplest and

most primitive old barn in the commu-

nity, with old-fashioned board stanch-

ions and very limited lighting along

the sides, and with the result that a

record for milk of a high quality, sec-

ond to none, was established, and thus

again facts were revealed and theories

were discredited.



A practical application of these find-

ings to the dairy farmers’ business

may be made of great financial import-

ance and in many cases make all the

difference between a money losing bus-

iness and a fair profit thereon.





The Question of Stable Air.



I hold in my hand a bulletin issued

from the Cornell, New York, Experi-

ment Station giving a picture on its

front page of one of the little old prim-

itive barns from which milk of the





highest standard has been produced.

Along the line of exploding some other

of the theoretical fads of health boards,

I also cite you to Cornell Bulletin No.

409 which has in bold print upon its

first page, these sugegstive words:

“Milk receives few bacteria from sta-

ble air.” This finding by so high an

authority lets us all breath easier,

doesn’t it? For, in all this wild chase

after bacteria all mixed up as between

the friendly and the unfriendly, we

have all been pretty badly scared and

commenced to conclude that we were

doomed anyway. Now as a. few facts

begin to come out about this bapteria

business, we can begin to conclude, as

it is told of the conclusions of Chaun-

cey Depew, “There must be a. lot of

humbug about it.” Chauncey Depew,

the talented after-dinner speaker and

United States Senator of New York,

with several other farmers down there,

had organized a. “Farmers’ Club,” and

for a better understanding agricultur-

ally and in its kindred occupations,

were following the practice of inviting

various scientific men before the Club

for talks along the lines of its objects

and purposes. On one occasion the

subject of bacteria and microbes was

being discussed by an eminent profes-

sor from one of the state colleges and

had aroused considerable fear among

his hearers lest there was nothing left

that was safe to eat, drink or do. When

opportunity offered, Depew arose and

said: “Mr.rChairman, I am much in-

terested in the discourse of the learned

professor, but from my observation

and experience, I believe there is a lot

of humbug about this bacteria. and

microbe business. Why,” said he,

“When I was a barefooted boy on the

farm up at Peekskill it was my chore

to bring the cows up from the pasture

for the night and morning milking. As

a slight reward for so doing I was per-

mitted to take a tin cup and from it

drink some of the warm milk that I

had just drawn from the udder of one

of the friendly cows, and this tin cup

had hung from a nail upon a gate post,

no one knew or noticed just how long

during the summer, without having

been scalded or even rinsed out. All

through this I'was a healthy boy, and

it is worthy of note that other boys of

the neighborhood did the same, and

they were strong and healthy, too.”

Now, this may not prove but that

bad bacteria is very harmful under cer-

tain conditions, for it is probably true

that in the case of the tin cup the hot

sun gave it a most thorough cleansing

every day, but then, under this theory

we would all be wrong, for the sun-

echuding and uncared-for milk house

would be a veritable germ incubator.





Referring again to Cornell Bulletin

No. 409, as a heading to the first para~





graph it says: “False ideas over-

thrown.” Then the paragraph reads:

“Careful investigation of pure milk





problems is proving that many current

beliefs and practices are ill founded

and the importance of many factors

have been over-estimated, that over-

refinement in securing stable cleanli-

ness and in certain grooming processes

is without effect in reducing the num-

ber of bacteria in milk, that straining

and cooling the milk about the barns

need not increase bacteria contamina~

tion, and that dairy score cards are not

reliable indexes to the quality of the

milk produced in the stable scored.”





Paragraph 2 says: “An over-empha-

sized factor as proven by investiga-

tion is the influence of stable air on

the bacteria content of the milk.”



Scord cards now in use give several

points to stable air and cut severely

for conditions that tend to increase the

quantity of dust therein, or to disturb

the air so that the dust will move

about more freely. Cuts are also made

for indications that dust has previously

been in the air, such as the presence

upon ledges and feed racks, yet the

very careful studies conducted by the

station proves clearly that the air in

the stables under any ordinary condio

tions of dusting or disturbance, is an

almost negligible factor, so far as it





 





 





‘3‘ '_ "‘w‘ U“ "_ ‘
‘ ’1'— : "'ir‘”"“





 





 





span. '1, 1916. '





m mealtimes of bacteria in the

milk produced, and the number of bac-





' teria falling into~the milk during milk- ‘





ing or during “any short exposure in

the stable under conditions allowable

in any respectable dairy is so small as

to be negligible.



From the showing here made it must

be conclusive with all fair minded peo-

ple that the demands of city boards of

health, when exercising their author-

ity unquestioned are unnecessarily and

harmfully overdrawn and that an ef-

fort by the dairymen should be made

to eliminate the unnecessary from the

necessary, and thus protect themselves

from great injustice and financial

harm.



The Issue.



Now it should be understood at this

point that those comparisons and ref-

erences are not intended in any way

to justify or even encourage the deliv-

ery or production of unclean and im-

pure milk, for consumers have a right

to expect, and boards of health should

demand, the opposite.



The question at issue is: Shall pre-

scribed equipment dictate and decide

the case, or shall the milk itself be

received or rejected according to its

quality?



To set the dairymen right regarding

this question, he must of course, know

and recognize that the foundation for

pure and wholesome milk is healthy

cows, clean pastures, pure water, clean

milking and a painstaking dairyman in

charge.



Ah, now we have it, the whole thing

depends upon the man in charge. As

“cleanliness is next to godliness” as to

one’s person, it is nevertheless true

with that part of farming known as

dairying, and as thoughtfulness and

close attention is essential to the prop«

or conduct of any business, so it is nec-

essary in clean and uncontaminated

milk production. Then, too, clean and

wholesome milk is none other whether

produced out in the open with no

equipment at all, in a plain simple

shed, a very-common ham, or in a pala-

tial structure filled in and surrounded





' by all the special equipment that the





boards of health can dictate or that

money can buy.



The unusual plain unpainted little

barn, as shown on the front page of

the Cornell Bulletin, with its old-fash-

ioned board .sta’nchions which carries

the almost enviable record of clean and

wholesome milk production, shows ev-

ery indication of having a good dairy-

man in charge. The floors are clean,

the walls and ceilings are free from

dust laden webs, and no fermenting

piles of manure are seen about the

place. -



The Real Object is Clean Milk



Do not forget the positive fact that

just what has been done to produce

good clean milk in this little barn is

just as essential in a premises and

equipment as complete as the most ex.

acting board of health could think of

arbitrarily ordering. * * *



The Dairyman’s attitude should be

in support of good clean and well car-

ed for milk, delivered at the receiving

station, and for a. most efficient and

justifiable grading of milk at the re-

ceiving station. This is the place where

it should be done, and thus leaving all

farm process, style and expense of

equipment to the dairyman himself.

Let his delivered goods be the test.

Then, if through cleanliness and pains-

taking care he can produce good and

acceptable milk at a saving in labor

and expense in equipment, he not only

has had the freedom of the opportu-

nity, but he has accomplished a thing

which every manufacturer in the coun-

try strives to do, that is, increases the

profits of the business by reducing the

cost of production. In other words,

put the responsibility of proving up,

upon the dairyman himself, so that his

thinking and his'initiative may be de-

veloped for his own welfare and busi-

ness success. instead of being under

the humiliating and dwarfing ban of

the resent processr whereby city

boar s of health field men, leave at





just what to build and just what to do.





cept this plan as being much less ex-

pensive and by far the most efficient.

An ofllce laboratory at the receiving

station, in which both the milk ship-

per and the boards of health could co-

operate, would serve the whole purpose.





T0 EXTEND CORN QUARANTINE.





A public hearing on the question of

extending the existing quarantine

against Indian corn from Java, ndia

and parts of Oceania will be he (1 on

April 4, 1916, at the Department of Ag:

riculture, Washington, D. C. A num-

ber of injurious corn diseases have

been found in southeastern Asia, Aus-

tralia, the Malayan Archipelago, Oce-

ania, New Zealand, the Philippines,

Japan and adjacent islands, In view

of the value and importance of the

American corn crop, it is considered

advisable to establish quarantines

against all countries from which the

diseases might reach the. United States.



Recent investigations have shown

that maize in British India, Java, For-

mosa and the Philippine Islands is

subject to destructive attacks of at

least two and possibly three species

of downy mildews. One of these is

known to occur also in the Fiji Islands

and Queensland, Australia; it attacks

sugar cane as well as maize.



The downy mildews found in Java,

British India and the Philippines are





 





favored by warm, moist weather such '





as is considered to be ideal for corn

growing in the Mississippi Valley. If

any of these mildews or other Orien-

tal diseases of corn should succeed in

entering the United States and reach-

ing the Mississippi Valley, they would

do immense damage.





lllIltlllIl!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllHlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllllllllllim



Crop and Market Notes.

Michigan.



Northern Isabella and Southern





Clare Co.’c, March 20.——-A regular bliz-

zard today. Good demand for hay and

not much for sale. Beans nearly all

sold. Fat cattle are scarce. Quite a

large number of farmers preparing to

build new barns. Auction sales are

plentiful. Butter 250; eggs 160; wheat

95c; oats 380; rye 800; beans $3.20;

pork IOc; beef 10@1lc; veal 11c.



Muskegon Co., March 22.—Land is

covered with snow. Have had real

winter weather most of the month of

March. Wheat and rye were hurt by

open weather early in the winter.

Many farmers are buying grain; rough-

age is plentiful. Very little feed for

sale. Youngstock doing well. Cows

are scarce and good ones hard to get.

Hogs, dressed 110; beef 91/20; mutton

14c; chickens 150; eggs 21c; butter

350; wheat $1.05; rye 75c; corn 77c;

oats 48c; buckwheat 80c.



Sanilac Co., March 24.-——About six

inches of firm snow covers the ground.

Wheat, rye and meadows are thought

to be in fair condition. Very little sur-

plus feed on hand but enough for home

use. Butter-fat 330; eggs 180; wheat

$1.06; potatoes $1.20; beans $3.40; cat-

tle, fat $6.50; hogs $7.50. Auction sales

are numerous. .



Monroe Co., March 22.—March has

been a cold month. Wheat, rye and

meadows have been very much expos.

ed. Meadows are heaving quite badly.

Live stock is generally looking pretty

good. Not enough feed for home use

and a good many buying. Price for

milk at the farmer’s door $1.55 per

cwt; butter-fat 28@3OC; eggs 20@21c:

wheat $1.11; oats 47@500; beans very

scarce at $4.20; potatoes, choice $1.15;

poorer grades $1@1.10.



Branch Co., March 20.-—VVheat, rye

and meadows are being damaged by

weather. Live stock is looking well.

A falr amount of feed on hand with

some for sale. Some corn yet in the

field. Butter-fat 35c; eggs 16c; butter

250; wheat $1.07; corn 65c; oats 390.

Farmers are preparing for spring work

now. Hens doing fairly well.



New York.



Genesee Co., March 22.-—Very deep

snow. Roads badly drifted. Rye and

wheat have been completely covered

for many weeks. Live stock in good

condition. Plenty of roughage for

home use; not much for sale. Milk

$1.60@1.80 per cwt; butter-fat 320;

eggs 25c; wheat $1; potatoes 95c;

Sea beans $3.30; hogs $9; steers $7@



.65' calves $9.50@10; i'owls 15c 1b;

lambs, dressed $18; loose hay $15;

oats 45c. .



Niagara Co., March 21.—Plenty of

snow. Wheat and rye have been cov-

ered for about six weeks but was poor

before that. Stock is looking fair.

Cows are good price but horses are

low. Not much feed on hand except

1t 15 bought. Butter 22c; eggs 24c;

flour $7.50 per bbl; wheat $1; oats

50c; corn $1; hay, retail $20 ton; hay,

wholesale $18; beans, .ilea $3.30; red

$4; calves 101,£,>c.





Boards of health should willingly ac-j





 





 





1

1





THE MICHIGAN FARMER

.the farm arbitrary instructions as to





.. 'Lligmi. ..

' 1 mm; mm

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Both Stand the Storms





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Rigidity in the wind is

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The Farmers Fertilizer Company





COLUMBUS,





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.472. - 24





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIiIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIILIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE





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GRAINS AN D SEEDS.





March 28, 1916.



Wheat—American crop conditions

came to the front last week as an in-

fluential factor in the determination of

wheat values, which fully offset the

importance of international political

complications. Although needed rains

have ended the drought in. the south-

west the general situation indicates a

limited crop of both winter and spring

wheat for 1916. Experts declare that

in some sections the damage is irre-

parable and the acreage of winter

wheat runs much less than last year.

Besides, the lateness of the spring op-

ening, the small amount of plowing

done last fall in the spring wheat sec-

tions of the states and Northwestern

Canada and a big reduction in the

amount of labor in the provinces, all

make certain a very great falling off

in the American production this com-

ing season. There was improvement

in seaboard buying Monday and rail-

roads are partly recovered from an un-

precedented congestion of trafi‘ic. A

year ago No. 2 red wheat was quoted

at $1.50 per bushel. Detroit’s last



week‘s quotations were:



No. 2 No. 1

lied. White. May.

1 08





gmumnnmnim

Emmanmunnnnum





Wednesday ..... 1.13 . 1.141/2

Thursday ...... 1.12% 1.07% 1.14



Friday ......... 1.13 1.08 1.14%,

Saturday . . . “1.12% 1.071/2 1.13%

Monday ........ 1.14 1.09 1.15%,

Tuesday ....... 1.17%, 1.121%; 1.18%





Chicago—May wheat $113143; July

$1.101/4; Sept., 391.08%.



Corn—Stormy weather interfering

with the free movement of corn, and

an improved condition in the shipping

demand in central western markets,

helped corn to recover a large part of

the break of last week. The advanc-

ing prices for live stock are encourag-

ing feeders to extend feed periods and

thus increased quantities of corn will

be required on the farms and in feed

lots. A year ago No. 3 corn was quot-

ed at 73c per bushel. Last week’s quo-

tations at Detroit were:





No. 3 No. 3



.. Mixed. Yellow.

Wednesday ......... 72 1/2 75

Thursday ........... 71 1A), 74

Friday .............. 70 1/g 73

Saturday ........... 71 7 31/2

Monday ............. 711/2 . 74

Tuesday ............ 72 7 4 1/2





Chicago—May corn 73%0; July

751/80; Sept, 751/gc.



Oats.—A moderate business in this

department kept prices steady and the

trade firm. A year ago standard oats

were quoted at 580 per bushel. Last

week’s Detroit quotations were: N 3



0.





Standard. White.

48 47





Wednesday .........



Thursday 48 47

Friday ............. . 48 47

Saturday ........... 48 47

Monday ........... . 48 47

Tuesday .. . . . 48 47





Chicago—May oats 43%c per bu;

July 42%0; Sept. 40%,0.



Rye.—M‘arket slow, with cash No. 2

10 lower, or 920 per bushel.



Barley.—Malting grades lower at





Milwaukee at 67@74c, and 60@74c at.





Chicago. .



Beans.——Demand continues active

at steady last week’s prices. ‘Quota-

tions: Cash beans $3.65; April $3.70.

At Chicago trade is firm and supplies

small. Pea beans, hand-picked, best

$3.80@3.90; do. prime, choice, common

to good $3.60@3.65; red kidneys $4.75

@5 25





Peas—Prices are nominal at $2.40@

2.50 per bushel, sacks included, at Chi-

cago.



Clover Seed.——Prime spot red clover

$11.75; prime alsike $9.50. At Toledo

prime $11.50; prime alsike $9.40.



Timothy Seed.—Higher at $3.60 per

bushel.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





FIour.—Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the DetrOit

market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best

patent $6.50; seconds, $6; straight

$5.70; spring patent $6.70; rye fiour $6.



Feed—In 100—lb. sacks, Jobbing .lots

are: Bran $24; standard middlings

$25; fine middlings $30; cracked corn

$31.50; corn and oat chop $28 per ton.



Hay.——No. 1 timothy $18@18.50;

standard timothy $17@17.50; light

mixed $17@17.50; No. 2 timothy $15

@1550; No. 1 mixed $14@15; No. 1

clover $12@13. '



Chicago.—Higher. Choice timothy

$18.50@19; No. 1 do. $16@17; No. 2

$14@15.



Straw.—Wheat and oat straw $6.50

@7; rye $7.50@8 per ton. g





 





THE MICHIGAN FIARME'R





DAIRY AND POULTRYI'PRODUCT'S.





 





Batten—Best creamery is firm and

unchanged but second grade has de-

clined l/zc. Demand is active. Extra

creamery 36c; firsts 341,60; dairy 24c;

packing stock 20c. ‘



Elgin.-—Conditions are not quite as

firm as last week but prices remain

the same. Price for the week, based

on sales, is 360.



Chicago—Market continues firm and

prices are unchanged except for dair-

ies and packing stock which are high-

er. Larger receipts favor buyers but

high’ grade goods are still scarce. Ex-

tra creamery 360; extra firsts 35@

351/20; firsts 33@341/;c; extra dairies

35c; packing stock 231/20.



Eggs.——The demand is good and the

market firm at unchanged prices. Cur-

rent receipts are quoted at 191/2c; can-

dled firsts 20c.



Chicago—The feeling continues to

be steady and trade is good. Prices

are slightly higher. Firsts 191/1,0; ordi-

nary firsts 181/;@181/2c; miscellaneous

lots, cases included 18@19c.



Poultry.——Offerings continue small

and demand is good. Prices are un-

changed except for geese which are lc

lower. Turkeys 16@17c a lb; spring

turkeys 21@22c; fowls 14@191/zc, ac-

cording to quality; spring chickens 18

@190; ducks 19@20c; geese 16@17c.



Chicago.——The receipts are moderate

and demand fair. There is little change

in prices. Turkeys 12@20c, depending

on the quality: fowls 121/2@161/éc;

springs 171/2c; ducks 18c; geese 10@

13c a pound.





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Apples—Apples continue easy but

are going liberally into consumption.

Greenings and other varieties which

Baldwins $3@3.50; Steel Red $4@4.50.

At Chicago the supply is still good and

Greeuings and other varieties which

show effect of storage are easy. No. 1

Greenings are quoted at $2.50@3.25 per

bbl; Jonathans, N0. 1 $3.50@4; Bald—

wins $3@3.25; Spys $3.50@4.50.



Potatoes.—Potatoes are in good de-

mand at last week’s prices. Carlots

on track, white $1.05@1.08; red 95c@





$1 per bushel. At Chicago the market.





is firm and good stock is in demand.

Poor stock is easy. Prices are un-

changed. Michigan whites 90@95c a

bushel; other kinds 85@97c.





WOOL AND HIDES.





 





Wool.——Firmness continues to char-

acterize the wool trade, and both man-

ufacturers and dealers are hurrying

their agents to the western states for

locating future supplies. Had it not

been for the importations of wool there

would have been a famine in that pro-

duct this season. Prices are strong

with Michigan unwashed delaines at

Boston quoted at 31@32c; do combing

32@37c; do clothing 26@31c.



Hides—No. 1 cured 170; do. green

15c; No. 1 cured bulls 130; do. green

100; No. 1 cured calf 25c; do. green

24c; No. 1 horsehides $4.50; No. 2

$3.50; No. 2 hides 10 lower than the

No. 1; sheepskins 500@$2, according

to amount of wool.





GRAND RAPIDS.





Fresh eggs are worth 18@190, and

buying for storage purposes will begin

this week. No. 1 dairy butter is now

quoted at 25@26c. Dressed hogs are

110; fowls 15@16c. Grain prices do

not show much change from last week,

with No. 2 red wheat at $1.03. The

potato market is doing rather better,

with prices around 80@85c.





 





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





A seasonable volume of business was

done Tuesday morning by the farmers

on the Eastern Market. Apples moved

fairly well at 750@$1.40 per bushel;

potatoes $1.15@1.25 per bushel; lettuce

60@650; parsnips 50@6OC; cabbage 60

@850; eggs 250; loose hay sells slowly

at $18@22 per ton.





LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo. '



March 27, 1916.

(Special Report of Dunning and Stev-

ens, New York Central Stock

Yards, Buffalo, N. Y.) -



Receipts here today as follows: Cat-

tle 150 cars; hogs .85 d. d.; sheep and

lambs 40 d. d.; calves 1500 head.



With 150 cars of cattle here today,

including about 25 cars of shipping cat-

tle, the market was strong, with the

good cattle selling 100 higher, but the

medium cattle were a little slower

trade and the bulk of them went on a

steady basis. There was a good de-

mand for the butcher stuff, _bulk of

them went at about steady prices. We

look for a fair run of cattle next Mon-

day and a good market, in fact, we are

very bullish on the good quality corn-

fed cattle and would advise a man to

hold his cattle back and finish them,





 





 





as we think it will pay- him.



Receipts of hogs were fully up to

expectations, about 85 double decks on

sale. , The demand was *very light from

all sources and prices 10@15c lower

on all but pig weights. A fewr selected

hogs sold at $10.30@10.35, with the

bulk around $10.25; pigs and lights $9,

@950; roughs $9.25; stags $6.50@

$7.50. Several loads of hogs arrived

late that were unsold at close and the

late trade slightly lower than opening.



Market was active on choice sheep

and lambs, but slow on medium and

coarse, with prices 25c lower than the

close of last week. About all sold and

we look for steady to a shade higher

prices last of the week.



We quote: Lambs $11.75@11.85;

cull to fair $8@11.65; yearlings $8.50

@1075; bucks $4.50@7.50; handy ewes

$8.50@8.75; heavy do $8.50@8.75;

wethers $8.75@9.40; cull sheep $4.50

@7; veals, good to choice $10.25@

$2.50); common to fair $8@10; heavy





 





Chicago.

March 27, 1916.



Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.



Receipts today..16,000 38,000 10,000

Same day 1915..16,062 24,055 7,092

Last week ...... 38,378 152,087 61,511

Same wk 1915..31,738 127,862 56,392

The cattle receipts are extremely

small today for Monday, but butcher

stock started off at least 10@150 high-





er, with sonie reported sales at an ev-,





en greater advance, while prospects

were that steers would sell better.

Hogs were 5@100 higher at $9.45@

9.95, with prime light singeing ship-

ping hogs bringing $10@10.10. Hogs

marketed last week averaged 221 lbs.

Sheep and lambs are opening 10@20c

higher, with top lambs at $11.90.



Cattle prices firmed up last week un-

der moderate receipts and a good gen-

eral local and shipping demand, with

sales at the highest prices recorded

this year. The great bulk of the steers

crossed the scales at $8.50@9.60, with

the choicest class of handy and heavy-

corn-fed steers taken at a range of

$9.50@10.05, while the poorer class of

thin light steers went at $7.25@8.50.

Medium gra e steers were purchased

at $8.60@8.9 and a good class of cat-

tle at $9@9.45. Butcher stock was es-

pecially active at advancing prices,

with cows taken at $5.15@8.40 and

heifers at $5.25@9.25, although very

few prime yearling heifers went high-

er than $8.50. Cutters sold at $4.50@

5.10, canners at $3.50@4.45 and bulls

at $5.25@8. There was the usual ac-

tive traffic in calves, sales being on

the basis of $5@10.50 for rough heavy

to prime light vealers, with shippers

taking the larger share of the better

class of heavies. There was a fairly

good demand for stockers and feeders

most of the week, the firmness in

prices for desirable offerings being due

mainly to the moderate supply. Nu-

merous lots of choice bred feeders

sold at $8 and upward to $8.35, with

the high point $8.55 for 18 head of

prime 1103-lb. feeding steers. Plain

and medium feeder steers sold around

$7.40@7.75, and only the poorer class

of little stock steers sold around $6.50

and under, with lots averaging around

450 to 500 pounds purchased as low as

$5.50. So far as desirable beef cattle

were concerned, the prevailing opinion

was that the outlook was promising,

with improved consumption of beef

and little prospect of excessive sup-

plies of fat beeves in the near future.

However, it is best for country ship-

pers to keep close watch on the mar-

ket and act conservatively in shipping

to market, avoiding so far as possible

the weak spots. Cattle prices averag-

ed 15@25c higher last week.



Hogs were held back last week by

numerous stock shippers because of

the large decline that had taken place

since the recent high time, when the

choicest consignments sold above $10.

The smaller offerings helped strength-

en prices, and moderate advances took

place as the week rolled by, with good

eastern shipments from here on some

days. The receipts averaged extremely

well in quality, and the great bulk sold

close to daily top prices, with prime

lots of weighty shipping barrows and

prime light shipping hogs selling at

top figures. Recent receipts of hogs

have averaged 215 lbs, comparing with

211 lbs. a week earlier, 206 lbs. a

month ago, 191 lbs. three months ago,

186 lbs. four months ago, 234 lbs. a

year ago and 236 lbs. two years ago.

Pigs sold at a large discount from the

prices paid for matured hogs, and so

did the cheaper class of hogs of light

weight. The big packers were apt to

take a bearish attitude and hold back

when the market was advanCing. At

the week’s close hogs sold at $9.30@

9.72% for light bacon, with the best

heavy shipping hogs at $9.75@9.90 and

prime 1 ht singeing hogs averaging

around 180 to 210 lbs. selling for ship-

ment, to Canada up to $10. Pigs

brought $6.75@8.70.



Sheep and lambs continued to be

marketed very sparingly last week,

with shipments from Colorado com—





APRIL 1,1916.





prising a large share of the daily of-

ferings, and shorn flocks formed an

increasing percentage of the receipts.

The packers wanted the wool because

of its advanced value and insisted up—

on buying. clipped flocks at a large dis-

count. Prime unshorn lambs. advanc-

ed to a new high figure, and heavy

lambs sold at a marked discount from

prices paid for prime medium weight

lambs. Lambs closed at $8.75@11.70;

feeding lambs at $10@11; yearlings at

$9@10.50; wethers at $7.75@9.35; ewes

at $5@8.85 and bucks at $6.50@7.75.

Shorn lambs brought $7@9.75, and

shorn sheep and yearlings sold at a

discount of $1.50@2 from the above

quotations.



Horses were marketed freely last

week and sold very well on the whole,

the principal feature being the large

demand for army horses. Prices were

mostly unchanged, with sales of little

southern horses at $50@75, farm hors-

es at $70@120, drivers at $100@200





-and commercial chunks at $165@235.

. Larger horses of good to prime quality





brought $240@300, few selling as high

as $250.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





In a recent interview, E. H. Trim-

bee, one of the largest sheep and lamb

feeders of the Fort Collins, Col., sheep

feeding district, said that more than

half of the lambs fattened in northern

Colorado had been marketed. He ship-

ped to market a short time ago a large

number of Mexican lambs of his oWn

feeding and knows thoroughly the sit-

uation in that important sheep state.

He stated that the San Luis lambs had

been marketed, while a good start has

been made on the Arkansas Valley

crop of lambs. Most of the remaining

lambs are in northern Colorado, and

Mr. Trimbee said that not more than

75 carloads of lambs were put on sec-

ond feed for the May market. He he-

lieves that the shipments to market

will be strung out as much as possible,

for feeders are counting on an ex-

tremely high market as the end of the

present feeding season approaches

and are nursing along their flocks and

abstaining from sending any lambs to

the shambles prematurely. He sounds

a note of warning to intending buyers

of feeders to act cautiously next sum-

mer and fall when they start out to

buy their feeding stock, maintaining

that it is foolish to expect a repetition

of the big prices paid for fat lambs

this winter during the next winter un-

less the 1916 crop of lambs meets with

some disaster. He thinks the breed-

ers will “want the earth, with a gold

fence around it,” for feeding lambs

next summer.



Hogs were hurried to market with

such widespread liberality following

the recent boom in the Chicago mar-

ket that landed prime lots above $10

per 100 lbs. that a sharp reaction set

in, carrying prices much lower. One

of the weakening factors that disturb-

ed the market was the practice of

many stockmen in carrying over hogs

to the following day because they hop-

ed by so doing to obtain higher prices.

This resulted in uncomfortable accum-

ulations of hogs, and the packers fol-

lowed out their usual custom of ab

staining from buying \the “stale” hogs

unless owners would accept ~a decided

discount from prices paid for fresh ar-

rivals. It has been for many years

the practice of the packers to pursue

this course for the purpose of discour-

aging the carrying over~ practice of

owners. Looking ahead, it may be

said that the prevailing belief is that

hogs will ultimately sell higher than

ever, even if there are breaks in the

prices from time to time due to too

free marketing. According to all ac-

counts, there are no excessive supplies

of hogs in feeding districts, and own-

ers should act conservatively in ship-

ping their remaining holdings.





MICHIGAN CO-OPERATIVE DOINGS.





 





 





A farmers’ co-operative shipping as-

sociation has just been organized at

Burr Oak to be known as the Burn

Oak Co-operative Association, for the

purpose of marketing farm produce of

all kinds and the purchase of all sup-

plies need on the farms. Mr. Dun-

ten, manager of the Goldwater Cooper-

ative Company, has been 'with us at

two meetings and has explained the

plan on which the various cooperative

companies in Branch and Hillsdale

counties are organized and the Burr

Oak organization will be conducted on

a similar plan. There are nearly a

hundred members, all of whom are

farmers or farm owners. The officers

are: George Baumeister, president;

Ralph Bordner, vice-president; Henry

Alilgrim, secretary and treasurer. Mr.

Emil Frohreip, a former stock buyer,

has been engaged as manager. This

is the first organization of its kind in

St. Joseph county—Ralph Bordner.



Experienced cattle feeders say that

prices for choice stocker and feeder

cattle are getting dangerously high,

and the same is true of feeding lambs.





a r,





"is; 31,311.“: .
M ‘W..,a‘





l

J





 





Area 1111916,. '





THIS IS' THE FIRST EDITION.





 





The first edition is sent to those who

have not expressed a. desire for the

latest markets. The late market ed1-

tion will be sent on request at any

time. ‘





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKET.





 





Thursday’s Market.

March 23, 191s.

Cattle.





Receipts 2169. The storm Tuesday

night did not seem to make much dif-

ference in the handling of live stock

by the various Detroit railroads and

satisfactory service was rendered by

all of them. The snow storm made the

handling of stock difficult but every-

thing passed off nicely.





The cattle trade opened up dull with

cow grades 15@25c lower, but on Wed-

nesday it took a brace around noon

and was active at last week’s prices

on all grades and on Thursday the

trade was active and the close strong

on all grades as follows: Best heavy

steers $8@8.50; best handy weight

butcher steers $7.50@7.75: mixed

steers and heifers $7@7.25; handy

light butchers $6.75@7; light butchers

$6.50@6.75; best cows $6@6.50; butch«

er cows $5.50@5.75; common cows

$4.50@5; canners $4@4.25; best heavy

bulls $6@6.50; bologna bulls $5.75@6;

stock bulls $5.25@5.50; feeders $7@

7.25; stockers $6.50@7; milkers and

springers $40@90. .



Bishop, B. & H. sold Newton B. Co.

3 steers av 1100 at $7, 3 do av 1200 at

$7.25, 1 do wgh 860 at $6.75, 1 cow wgh

990 at $5.50, 3 do av 1183 at $6.25, 4

do av 1085 at $5.50, 8 do av 807 at

$4.10, 2 do av 965 at $5.50; to Kamman

B. Co. 17 steers av 932 at $7.50, 2 bulls

av 1125 at $6.50; to Zehner Bros.’ P.

Co. 9 steers av 1045 at $7.90, 1 do wgh

1430 at $8, 16 do av 967 at $7.65: to

Nagle P. Co. 3 do av 833 at $7.25, 7

do av 833 at $6.65; to Hammond, S. &

Co. 6 do av 826 at $7; to Armour 6.:

Co. 1 bull wgh 1410 at $6.25, 4 cows

av 875 at $4.25, 5 do av 980 at $5.75;

to Mindeck Co. 9 do av 1050 at $5.50;

to Donnan 11 steers av 798 at $6.60; to

Thompson Bros. 11 butchers av 840 at

$7; to Hammond, S. & Co. 8 do av 881

at $6.90, 3 steers av 950 at $8, 4 do av

712 at $6.75; to Belfert 5 bulls av 1110

at $6.25; to Bray 1 cow wgh 960 at $4,

5 cows av 1064 at $6.48 stockers av

684 at $6.60; to Breitenbeck 2 steers

av 890 at $6.70, 1 cow wgh 1230 at

$5.25, 3 do av 947 at $5.85; to Bres-

nahan 15 steers av 1244 at $7.60, 4 do

av 1460 at $6.75; to Mich. B. Co. 19

cows av 1034 at $5.50, 7 do av 927 at

$4.25; to Breitenbeck 9 heifers av 700

at $6.10; to Hammond, S. & Co. 25

steers av 1106 at $8; to Newton B. Co.

3 do av 663 at $6.75, 4 do av 990 at



7.25.

$ Reason & S. sold Bray 4 cows av

1180 at $6.25; to Thompson Bros. 1

bull wgh 1520 at $6.50, 1 do wgh 1120

at $5.75, 6 Cows av 1016 at $6.15, 20

steers av 927 at $7.40, 1 do wgh 1200

at $6.85, 10 do av 676 at $6.75; to

Nagle P. Co. 8 do av 1090 at $7.85; to

Bray 1 do wgh 1260 at $9, 1 do wgh

1060 at $8.50, 2 cows av 1030 at $4.35.





Veal Calves.



Receipts 997. The veal calf trade

was fairly active on good grades at a

decline of 25@500 from last week, sells

ing at $10@11. Common grades were

very dull and fully $1 per cwt lower,

common and medium selling at $6@

9.50.



Bishop, B..& H. sold Thompson

Bros. 2 av 140 at $11.25, 5 av 145 at

$11, 10 av 152 at $11, 3 av 170 at

$10.75. 13 av 180 at $11; to Hammond,

S. & Co. 15 av 150 at $11, 2 av 230 at

$6, 27 av 150 at $10.50; to Newton B.

Co. 27 av 140 at $11; to Sullivan P.

Co. 49 av 150 at $11; to Hammond, S.

& Co. 8 av 150 at $11, 2 av 145 at

$10.50, 4 v 155 at $8.50, 6 av 150 at

$11, 33 $8145 at $11.



8





eep and Lambs.



Receipts 1138. The sheep and lamb

trade was active and the quality con-

siderably better than for several

weeks. Good grades are in active de-

mand as follows: Best lambs $11@

11.25; fair do $10@10.50; light to com‘

mon do $8@9; yearllngs $9 50@10;

fair to good sheep $7@8; culls and

common \ $5@6.



Sandel, S., B. & G. sold Nagle P. Co.

2 lambs av 100 at $10.50, 1 sheep wgh

120 at $7.75, 27 lambs av 90 at $10.40,

4 do av 65 at $10, 3 do av 90 at $10.50,

12 do av 110 at $10.40.



Roe Com. Co. sold Nagle P. Co. 26

lambs av 65 at $10, 38 do av 90 at

$10.75.



' Hogs.



Receipts 8772. The hog trade on

Wednesday was dull, the tap selling

at $9.60; on Thursday the trade was

more active and prices averaged 5@

10¢: higher. Pigs $8@‘8.59; Yorkers

and heaVy $9.65@9.70. , .





 





3' .u





\

l





T HE M” I'C HI GAN~ IF A R‘M ‘E R





LIVE STOCK NEWS. .





 





Never in the past has the sheep and

lamb market been in such a strong po-

sition as it is today, with the greatest

shortage of mutton and lamb in feed-

ing districts ever known. With a large.

demand in the Chicago market and no-

where near enough offerings to meet

it, it is inevitable that high prices

should prevail, with recent prices for

choice flocks the highest ever seen at

this season of the year. Colorado lambs

of choice quality are comprising the

greater part of the dairy receipts, with

more heavy lots than were ever seen

befor ein March, many of the consign-





ments averaging from 87 ”to 92 pounds i





in weight, while the popular demand

still centers strongly on fat lambs of

medium weight, these going at the

highest prices. Shorn lambs are ar-

riving in fair numbers, and because of

the dearness of wool, they have to go

at a large discount. Feeding lambs

are much called for, but not many are

forthcoming, and sales are made at the

highest prices on record, many sheep-

Omen regarding values as dangerously

high. There is also a large eastern

and western call for good breeders,

which also are scarce and dear.





Cattle prices have been lifted to ex-

tremely high levels in recent weeks as

the natural result of market conditions,

for the receipts have fallen off mate-

rially, placing the fixing of prices in

the control of sellers. here was such

an extensive marketing during the win-

ter period of warmed-up and short-fed

cattle as to make big inroads in the

future supply of cattle, and now the

stockmen who hung on are reaping

their reward. The advance in prices

has taken in pretty much everything

included under the general head of cats

tle, while naturally being much great-

er for certain descriptions than for

others, and especially large booms

have taken place in stockers and feed-

ers since an outlet was reopened for

them several weeks ago. A large ad-

vance has also been effected in the

best class of heavy beeves and handy

weights, with not nearly enough offer-

ed to go around, while the general

range of cattle values stands for high-

er than in most former years, 1915 in-

cluded. Far more cattle were slaugh-

tered in western markets during the

first two months of 1916 than in the

same time last year, but conditions are

changed now, although the exports of

beef have fallen off in a marked de-

gree of late, with larger purchases of

cured hog meats for use of the allied

armies of Europe in place of canned

beef. The influence of the feeder de-





 





mand is seen in the fact that the best

stockers and feeders have sold as high

recently as $8 per 100 lbs.





Hogs have had one of the most re-

markable booms in prices in recent

weeks ever experienced, and the rise

in values has caused widespread com-

ment. It seems quite among the prob-

abilities that further advances will

take place, as the shortage of hogs is

pronounced, following the enormous

marketing of pigs and underweights

during the last few months, due to the

scarcity and dearness of good feeding

corn and the poor feeding quality of

the soft corn. On the late boom prime

hogs were sold in the Chicago stock

yards for $10.10 per 100 lbs, and aver-

age prices were the nighest paid at

any time since April, 1910. The re-

ceipts of hogs have fallen off materi-

ally, and in a recent week the receipts

in the Chicago market were the small-

est seen in any week since the early

part of last November. Eastern ship«

pers have bought a big share of the

best class of heavy and light hogs, and

this outside buying was a powerful

bullish factor, although the local pack-

ers supported the market at times in a

manner that attested their wish to en-

courage farmers to engage in breeding

hogs for the market. Looking back-

ward recalls the fact that bear raids

made by the packers a few years ago

were followed by a shortage that sent

prices for hogs up to $11.20 per 100

lbs., the highest price recorded at any

time since the Civil War. Recently

hogs have sold about $3 per 100 lbs.

higher than a year ago and far higher

than in most former years, while pro-

visions have followed the same course,

with pork selling considerably more

than $5 per barrel higher than a. year

earlier.



In a single week sales in El Paso,

Texas, embraced about 3,600 head of

bred ewes at $7 per head free on board

cars. They were fair to good New

Mexicos of Rambouillet breeding. A

large demand for good breeders down

there is reported.





For more than a year there has been

a Widespread buying of breeding cat-

tle.throughout the western states, and

it IS expected that the calf crop will

be materially increased. Choice breed-

ers are largely wanted, and the call

for Hereford reeders is remarkably

large. Pisces are high, and in parts

of Texas it is impossible to buy Herei

ford heifers for less than $65 per head.





' ’Z





.1.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





PRINCE

ALBERT





the national joy smoke





makes you

want to fire

up your old





jimmy pipe!





I Cop ht 1918

by RTIZGynolu

Tobacco Co.





RIN CE ALBERT tobacco throws open





the gates to every man fond of , a pipe

-—1't’s so friendIy! Just makes smoke joy" possible for all

degrees of tender tongues and tastes! The patented process





cuts out bite and parch!





over the world!





First thing you do next, locate that old jimmy

pipe; inth Se or 10c for a supply of P. A.

And fall to like you are on the right track. For

Prince Albert is better than the kindest word

we ever have said about it. And you’ll find





that’s right!





You can hay Pn'neo Albert everywher-

in the roomy rod 501. 5a.- or (he tidy rod

(in. 10c; in much» half-pound tin humi-





 





And you

can’t get better proof than the fact that

Prince Albert is today smoked not only

throughout the United States, but all ' 'fwgglgI





mulmm "





l mu .

7- v





’ I l, l'

. ”Wurufilinglfiifiil





 





don or in the [handsome crystal-clan





pound humidor with apongc- maintena-

lhat hoop. P. A. fibula-thoroughly" I





R. .I. REYNOLDS TOBACCO C0., Winston-Salem. N. C.





O- the reverse side of this tidy rod

tin you will read: “Process Poo-

onted July 30th. 1907.” which

has made three men amok. pip“

when one smoked before!





 





 





Horne Owners Should Use ‘





GOMBAULT’S

CAUSTIC BALSAM





The Great French Veterina Remed .

A SAFE, SPEEDY & POSIT CU .





Prepared exclusively

1‘); J. E. Gombault. ex-

eterinar Surgeon to

ghedFrenc Government

11 .





   





SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY 0R FIRING.





Impossible to produce any scar or blemish.

The safest best. Blister ever used. Takes the



lace of all limments for mild or severe action.



emovos all Bunches or Blemishes from Horses

or Cattle.



As 0. HUMAN REMEDY for Rheu-

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is invaluable.



GUARANTEE that. one table-

spoonful of Caustic Balsam will produce

more actual results than a whole bottle of any

11111111th or R avln cure mixture ever made.



ery bott e of Cauctlc Balsam sold is

Warranted to give satisfaction. Price 81,50

per bottle. Sold by druggists or sent by ex.

press, charges paid. with full directions for It

use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimo-

rlials,etc. Address





1'13 LAWRIICI-WILLIAIS COIN)”, Cleveland, Ohio.





 





 





 





 





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THE MICHIGAN FARMER





Essentials, 0f, Chick Feeding





HAVE found that overfeeding is



the cause of more trouble in the



raising of chicks than underfeed-

ing. The amount and kind of feed

a. chick should receive, and does re-

ceive, plays a very great part in the

success in rearing it to an age of use-

fulness.



Young chickens should be fed from

three to five times a day. When we

have plenty of time, we can grow them

quicker on five times a day than on

three, but care must be exercised that

they are not fed more than will satisfy

their appetites and keep them exercis-

ing, except for the evening meal when

they should be given all they will eat.





It seems necessary several times

each spring to call to the attention of

farmers the evil of feeding chicks be-

fore they are 36 to 48 hours old. The

first feed may contain either hard-

boiled eggs, out fine johnnycake, stale

(not moldy) bread, pinhead oat meal,

or rolled oats, which feeds all contain

the proper proportion of body-building

elements to form a desirable first

ration.



Milk Good for Chicks.



All mashes fed for the first few days

should be mixed with milk, for sweet

skim-milk is a valuable food in giving

the chickens a good start in life, but

this mixture should be fed in a crum-

bly mass and not in a sloppy condi-





which about five per cent of cracked

peas or broken millet or rape seed

may be added. A commercial chick

feed may be used if desired, in fact it

is an advantage to use it, as it saves

time and can be bought cheaper than

the various grains can be bought and

mixed at home. Feed the above john-

nycake ration until the chicks are

about two weeks old, when they should

be placed on the grain and dry or wet

mash rations.



As soon as the chickens will eat the

whole wheat, cracked corn, and other

grains, the small-sized chick feed can

be eliminated. In addition to the above

feeds the chickens’ growth can be has-

tened if they are given sour milk, skim-

milk, or buttermilk to drink. Milk, es-

pecially sour lobbered milk, I have

found the very best food for growing

chicks. It serves to carry off the foul

gases that cause internal disease and

ailments, and is fine for development

of feathers, bone and flesh.





Feeding Chicks on Range.



Growing chicks kept on a range may

be given all their feed in a hopper,

mixing two parts of cracked corn with

one part of wheat, or equal parts of

cracked corn, Wheat, and oats in one

hopper and the dry mash in another.

It is also well to feed beef scrap in a

separate hopper, and be sure that the

h0pper is filled all the time, for grow-





 





 





Proper Chick Feeding is Necessary to Produce Profitable Hens.





tion. By taking care to keep the food

from getting dirty for the first few

days, we can soon teach the little fel-

lows to eat only clean food.



When the chicks are ten days old a

good growing mash is necessary for

best results. This may be composed

of two parts (by weight) of bran, two

parts middlings, one part corn meal,

one part low-grade wheat flour, and 10

per cent sifted beef scrap of best and

freshest kind procurable. This ration

should be fed dry in a hopper left be-

fore the chicks at all times, or it may

be fed moistened with milk.





After the tenth day, bury a peck of

chick feed, finely ground, in the litter

for every 100 chicks. This feed can be

purchased of any reliable grain dealer.

By burying it in the litter, less time

will be needed for feeding, and with

the dry mash hopper filled, and fresh

water three times a day, the chicks

Will develop fast.





Another Method of Feeding.



Johnnycake composed of the follow-

ing ingredients in the proportions nam-

ed is a very good feed for newly hatch-

ed chicks: One dozen infertile eggs

or one pound of sifted beef scrap to 10

pounds of corn meal; add enough milk

to make a pasty mash, and one table-

spoonful of baking soda. This mix-





ture should be fed five times 'daily for

the first week, then gradually substi-

tute a mixture of finely cracked grains

consisting of cracked wheat, finely

cracked corn, and pinhead oat meal or

hulled oats, equal parts by weight, to





ing chicks will consume a large amount

of beef scrap every day. I believe in

feeding beef scrap after the chicks are

ten days old, although I have seen men

feed it from the very start.





If you confine the chicks to small

runways, be sure to have a good sup-

ply of green food, such as lettuce,

sprouted oats, alfalfa, or clover. But

farmers should give the chicks a good

range, where they may scratch among

the grasses and consume large amounts

of bugs and beetles, and where green

food in its natural and fresh state is

abundant. Fine charcoal, grit, and

oyster shell should be kept before the

chickens at all times, and cracked or

ground bone may be fed where the

chickens are kept in bare small yards,

but this is not necessary with range

stock.



New York. E. W. GAGE.





AN INCUBATOR CHART.





The beginner who studies the man-

agement of an incubator is apt to be

confused even by the very simple and

plainly written directions enclosed

with the machine. It is a good plan to

read over these directions and study

them carefully. After a thorough read-

ing the information can be condensed

into a. schedule to be followed each

day during the progress of the incuba-

tion. Take a clean piece of stiff paper

or cardboard and rule it off into twen-

ty-one divisions. In each space write

down briefly just exactly what is to be





 





APRIL 1, 1916.





done on that day. This will include

cooling and turning the eggs, adding

water if it is a hot water machine, re-

versing the trays, trimming lamp, etc.

Pin this schedule near the incubator

and look at it every day. By the third

hatch you will have learned what to do

without reading your chart, but at the

beginning such a plan may save rather

costly mistakes.





Ingham Co. R. G. KIRBY.





 





ROUP.





Will you please tell me what to do

for my chickens? They seem to have

a, cold; some go blind in both eyes,

and others froth at the mouth, and

just stand and gasp. Some only go

blind in one eye. They don’t have

much of an appetite.



Branch 0 SUBSCRIBER.





If only a. few of your hens have the

above symptoms and the trouble does,

not seem to spread much, it is un-

doubtedly just a common cold or ca-

‘tarrh which is attacking your chick-

ens. But if a. number of chickens have

it and others are getting it the disease

is roup or contagious catarrh. The

symptoms of colds and the early stages

of roup are similar.



The course of roup is usually of long

duration. .The putrid discharges may

stop in three or four weeks and false

membranes appear, but generally the

symptoms last for months. Cold damp

weather usually intensifies the trouble.





To control the‘disease isolate all

birds which show any indication of the

trouble. Disinfect the houses and yards

with a five per cent solution of car-

bolic acid. Before disinfecting the

houses remove all litter and then thor-

oughly spray the entire coop. Use

permanganate of potash in the drink-

ing water, using one or two teaspoons

of a saturated solution to ten gallons

of water. Burn or bury deep all birds

dead from the disease. See that the

coop is dry and free from drafts and

frequently clean the drinking water

receptacles. Give nothing but fresh

clean food and provide plenty of bran

and green food.





 





BROOD COOPS.





 





Those who desire to make a. success

of raising chicks with hens must now

soon meet the problem of how to keep

them comfortable during the day and

safe at night. It is not very satisfac-

tory to wait until the hens hatch, then

start out to hunt up coops. At our

place on stormy early spring days,

when it is too bad for the men to work

outside we have them make chicken

coops. A handy man can make a num-

ber of serviceable coops in a short

time at small cost; we make coops

that give good service for several sea:

sons out of store boxes and old lumber.



The coops we have found most satis-

factory are made with floors and tops

separate from the coops, both fastened

on with small hooks. These coops are

handy to clean, easy to peep in at the

tops when necessary, and when we

don’t need the floors we don’t have to

use them. In the summer is the only

time we do not use them. Where rats

are bad the floors are a protection and

in the spring good tight board floors

help to keep the chicks dry and warm.



However coops are constructed we

want them roomy enough so the hens

and chicks can have room to exercise

when shut in as they must be to keep

the chicks alive in spring during cool,

rainy. weather. Wire netting over op-

enings keeps prowlers from chicks, and

muslin over netting admits fresh air

and light while the weather is yet cool.

Muslin may be removed later when

more air is needed.



It is such a help to have good fitting

hinged or slide doors. Hinges cost lit-

tle and small hooks to hold doors in

place are not expensive, and these lit-

tle things enable us to shut up the

chicks at night quickly and Securely.

Hooded coops with roof and sides ex-

tending about 12 or 14 inches from the

front help to protect the chicks from





a.”





* rm





.2-
‘ ”r.-





 





, ally set down.





APRIL 1. 11115.





wind, rain and sun. Coops made from

light boxes are easily upset by a high

wind; this may be prevented by plac-

ing. a flat stone on top. One thing we

like about the light coops, they are

easily moved from place to place.

Indiana. FRANCES WOOD.





SECRETS OF THE GOOD HATCH.





 





It is known that vigorous foundation

stock must be had before we can get a

good hatch. Given that it islargelya

matter of attention to detail. While an

old hen will steal her nest and hatch

out every egg, it is indeed unusual to

have a hen duplicate the feat when

she is set carefully on the picked

setting of eggs. With hen hatching it is

of little use to try to do much before

April. What few hens become broody

during February and March are usu-

In April comes the

rush. Sucness with hens depends on

getting good motherly birds. No year-

old pullets are used if we can get old

hens. Prepare good clean nests and

set the hens in secluded places. The

mother birds will gladly do the rest.

However, we usually test out the eggs

and remove the infertile ones if a num-

ber of hens are set at the same time,

and perhaps return one of the birds to

laying duty.



With the incubator the case is differ-





.1111mm11m1mmmmmmnmmnmmnmmmimum11111111111111Imi1mmmmmmn|1nuumi:minimum!11111111I1111111111111111Illmummuummuumimmau1





Success with Poultry





T the present time I am getting

more eggs than I ever gathered

before at this time of year, and



for the first time in my poultry expe-

rience, my hens have been kept in the

coop since the middle of November,

never-once setting foot outside.





They are kept busy a greater part

of the time, as I scatter their grain in

deep litter at night, taking a fork and

stirring the litter up well and when

Mrs. Hen decides it is breakfast time

she has to dig for it.



As early as possible I fill up the wa-

ter jars with hot water, also set a jar

of milk on the table beside the water

and when Biddy is dry, she jumps up

and gets her drink and then jumps

down again. Jumping is fine exercise.



Every time I enter the coop I throw

down a handful of something and as I

visit the coop quite often during the

day this helps to keep them active.



They get a hot mash between eleven

and twelve, and always have some clo-

yer or green stuff to pick at in the

morning. Whenever the ground is

bare I throw in several pieces of sod

and it is truly a pleasure to see the

hens go after them.



Oyster shell and grit are within

reach at all times and at three-thirty

they get more hot water and all the

corn they care to shell for themselves.

1 never break up the ears as it is fine

exercise for them to shell their own

COl‘ll.



I gather the eggs early and often as

I think the egg-eating habit is formed

by the hens getting an occasional brok-

en egg



I always feed a meat food in the

mash and am never troubled with

feather eaters.



At night when I go out to scatter the

grain for morning, I hold up the lan-

tern and look the fowls over to see if

I can detect any sick ones. A swollen

eye, or a bit of foam in the eye would

spell isolation for the afflicted bird at

once, but as yet I have found nothing

worse than a cold, which was detected

by the bird's wheezy breathing. These

quickly succumbed to the light mash

food for three days’ treatment, along

with a good dose of salts and red pep-

per given the first thing, as soon as

the victim was discovered. I consider

the axe the best remedy for serious

contagious diseases and cleanliness

and frequent disinfection of the quar-

ters as the best ways to prevent them.



I find it best to clean the droppings-

boards as early as possible in the

morning, as this drives the lazy birds

off the roost. Sanding the boardswell





 





 





THE ~MI.CHI





ent. In the first place be sure you un-1

derstand the mechanism of it. Know

the why of every part before you put

in the eggs. Also study the printed





directions for running it that came 1 _





with the machine. If you have a new

one, do not try to run it like the old

one or the way someone told you, but

just according to rules. It is pretty

certain that the maker of the incu-

bator knows how to run his machine

better than anybody else. Set the heat

in motion and run the incubator for

24 hours before putting in the eggs.

This will give time to find out any ir—

regularities of arrangement. When eve

erything is running smoothly put in

the eggs. If these have been obtained

from a distance they should be allow-

ed 12 to 24 hours in which to "settle,”

and give the delicate germ opportunity

to adjust itself.





A frequent cause for dead chicks is

the cooling and turning. In no partic-

111ar should one be more careful to fol-

low instructions. The only thing that

need be done for the old hen is to

feed and water her every morning. The

incubator also needs oil for heat and

water for moisture. Unlike the hen

the machine must have daily attention.

The faithful biddy can readily prolong

her fast to 48 hours it necessary.





New Hamp. C. H. CHESLEY.





every two or three weeks makes them

easier to clean and if the slightly soil-

ed litter off the floor of the coop is

used on them, the hens will not bother

so much by scratching it over.



I find that a hen will do for you only

as much accordingly as you do for her,

and if you wish her to hustle, you will

have to hustle too.



Success in the poultry business is

spelled w—o-r-k, and in capital letters

at that. Mas. M. KENNEDY.





CLEANLINESS ESSENTIAL ABOUT

THE POULTRY PLANT.





 





It is a very important matter that

the poultry house be kept clean and

whitewashed occasionally and in clean-

ing up the plant we must not forget

the boxes and nests as they harbor

more lice than any other part of the

building. I am sure you will agree

with me that a great deal of trouble

and loss among the flock is usually

traced back to the lack of cleanliness.

Entirely too many people seem to have

the impression that cleaning out the

poultry plant two or three times a

year is quite suflicient, and if I might

add, constitutes poultry cleanliness.

Now this is a sad mistake. I try to

clean our plant once a month and oft~

ener during the winter months. There

is little danger of cleaning the plantK

too often, but there is a great deal of

danger, and dissatisfaction arises if

the plant is neglected.



It is not only a matter of keeping

the poultry house free from lice and

vermin, neat and sanitary at all times,

but aside from this if we want a good

healthy, vigorous flock we must use a

little judgment. The dropping boards

must be removed almost weekly and

cleaned, especially in a small, closed

house, if we want to keep the flock in

first-class condition.



Other things of importance, if we-

want to be successful in this work, is

to supply plenty of good feed, a variety

for the. winter layers, this includes

green feed, of course, and plenty of

pure drinking water at all times. It

is a good thing to remember that much

of the eggs, as well as the flesh of the

fowls, is water, and that all their food

must be greatly diluted before it can

possibly be assimilated by the {Owl’s

system. The more water the "fowls

drink the better it will be for them.

They will keep in a healthier condition

and are likely to produce more eggs.

providing they have other similar ad-

vantages, such as a variety of good

feed, etc. H. W. Sworn.





 





 





 





GAN FARMER-





 

 

 

 





,2





 





 





why it should be destroyed.





 





'-

.-





' 33‘“





01.171  

—éU;V(IIIZfe 1.7;... MW





Just because a building 13 dilapidated and badly in need of repairs is no reason





 





 

 





I ‘ /





 





 





 





A 1





$0"; of" 1.55.





 





 





 





 





11: 1: .111 11- 1111111111"





llIli lll





1

1:1 I ill

1 ' ' ‘





 





Neither should it be allowed to stand in that condition.



Every building on your farm should be In perfect condition so you ( an get the

most use out of it and so it will add to the appearance and value of? your property.



You can do all this easily and cheaply——makc every old building just as good

as new—and so it will last for years to come, by using:





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Learn just how you can save money by us-





 





 





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NAME

TOWN

STA TE .................................... R.F.D......._._....;....





 

 

 





 





 





Mai Us This





 





m2 Newport St" W01...

eymu big tor6 Catalogue and Former' s





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 

 

 





To introduce our good: we will send these three little

- saving I.- “But ” pm to a Adda-I





heavy. Wm mml and will Itany lawn jar.



SUPPLY IOUBLnPMIt-ho among."

Seudloreuhlane describing ourro'oflwr Broaden

“bustle More “doting-s poultry appliances.





 

 





M It!

In the United Staten hr 856-. boob-Id. They are made of





 





 





CHIOKB— —-S. 0

18.319 perm

Routel, Grand Rapids. Mich





ICKS 7c and up. Barred Rock Wyandottes. Leg-

horns. Minoreas. etc. Sale delivery guaranteed.

Circular free. Reliable Hatchery llcfllmrville. Box 6P1.





0 Poultry Farm.





E for hatthinr—From pure bred White Plymouth

“811 Books. Pekin and 11 its runnner ducks. White





African guinea. H. V. Hostetler. 11.1, St. Johns, Mich.





EGGS-8 '81“00.Izilegh0¥1hl:0d 88 (lfilemdl 15

eggs eggs . . a a 0g roe.

I. “AYE Jr.. Merrill. Mich.



from pure bred Vl hire Plymouth





£66: for hatcbi

mkocka and 0.13115 Leghorns on free range.

linden & Webster, Bath, Mich





515‘: from pure bred 8. 0. W. leghorns 51: each





elvln Reid, Glenwood Farm, Warren. Mich





 





 





E3? ‘0, “alohlngpwmlteoonggkffb$19d458u£clki1gjlog





orders early. Lira. Elsie ill. Robinson. Petersburg. Mich.





f I

Egg: and Baby Chick: mm 3811331511'122;.‘..;§;





hens 81.50eacl1. U. E. HIAWLEY. Ludington. Mich.





a ten choi e Cooke l.

Midi...” 3”“. s uremic: 1111‘???

00 acoor m oage to . a .50!

15.1‘3 B. row LER. artford. Michigan3 or





IMPROVE yourpoultry. My Young' sstrain S. C. W hito



hornsgreat money ma em. Strong.1i aroma. free-

range stock. Baby chicksSSm r100 and up . 11tisl'1 l1 tion

manned. Free outdoors. W. Van Applodom. Holland, lick.





[Esnonus—White. Brown llnfi.Bl.1ck.AlsoRotks,

Reds, Anconas. l’ekin Ducks eggs babv

chicks. Prices reasonable. Cinnlar free. Sunmlimok

Poultry Farms. Hillsdale. Mich. Chas G. Burroughs

Br. Formerly Foreman University of Win" Poultry Den?





ORPINGTONS”WW 1‘ l ‘3 9v Single-Comb





Special prism M. E. THOMPSON. Redl'or, Mlch.





Pm Oral While Orpl





mStror‘ig. “gig-19:1}: birds

after Feb. 151:. baby" ch ks later. 110138. Mil/ILEIIS

ROUGH. Pine Crest Farm. Royal Oak.





RHODB ISLAND REDS and PLYMOUTHP ROCKS.

Mule-5 5121.0 .300 lien.

weight 5 to m 11.1.15 ro.‘1‘l°oo;‘°“m.ss- 1211.311

Mammoth Drona To. ark-n 8 to 38in



to use 8 to :25. to em 83.1 1:. Crunlon. yum. Itch.





ILLM, MM.MW§}'““2





{filmrhatc ABalehhzks. Write (or

.30:





89. Lawrence. Michigan'

Ilu Minn millionth Minllml





35x11 not setting. A5 E1- 10!). W33.““ Geesfig‘cents





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





08800-5





 





 





“Bed has. dark com

met 15. Utili l i st

“For”. at?“ $3i".1.m”1l"mm'





Leghorn: mated with Barron ROSE AND SINGLE COMB R

an I hode Island Red.





from specialpem

.Ann Arbor. Mich.





Butt. SBarred Columbian P

“Mk Milking Silver f’encfled 061nm“

Sheridan Poultry Yardo. Sheridan. mum-.0.





per15.$l.11arce150by 1.;

20cm byexprem, mweli





HODI‘ ISLAND WHITES wlnat the National Egg

«utmost Cold weather don' t stop them.

Eggs“ 81m .2 settlngs.82. 50. H .H. Jump..lackson. Mich.





' and White Wyandottes. First we

ally" add." winners atIonia. Choice cockerelspgea-

sonable. 301111201 circular. C. W. Browning. R. 2. Portlntlich.





 





BUFF I EGHORNS- Cookerels. hens. pen; or eggs

An thing on wish In Bull] G .

strainsy Dr. glVilliam Smith. P33333333. 5:163. 181mg





' — Egg Strain—Eggs, chicks,

Ffl'm [anrn‘zm week— old pullets from hens ngh-

records up 264 eggs. Prize winners at largest shows.

Prompt shipment I prices low, twenty guaranteed.



White Leghorns are best. for eggs. e raise thousands

Free catalog and price list given Write for “no.





portion

rim 1161101111 ms, 934 Union. 3?": mm.“





Heavy Winter Layers 5363.3." 8 .h‘

ganglioms, Wyckofi strain 1‘ 531.50 per-15; 8-! m

;87 per 100. H. A. Magoon. ,Ann Arbor. Mich.





S 2‘8. Minlorgas 003501918 Mddfall wane

rain Bre ows an i type

with quality. 11. w. unis. 1mg, ”m 3





White Leghorm vigorous bred to

is 12:: trimester-11 “9”?“

51. ALONEY. 11.1%. 1. K: niflag'il'm





0. WHITE LDGHORNS. bredf

S.“ vim. mpmdnetion. 14 years’ ext-:1: “we shape,





in.

Sumner-m. A. Oman. 15.31.33: rill?





M sAnaONsumwmceu home. 3

Toe“. M15. amneimwgcwoofilgb





 





BITE Wyandotte Eggs from hes winter

W32.oo:L5 5.83750131'30. ss'oo gr 1011 mm"

stock. Ezgaday PoultryEanch on.





8. 8. W“ COCKEBELS‘SEZ‘EfiemW





.1e north 8:19.111“ last 103%“ pri

RIVEBWE'W FARM, Venus. plffgigau.





ILVEB WYANQOTTES—Blne

C Pram Swansea!“

'1. 25up. ‘MMH” “Mimm. W

Illiln W 3, 9" ‘ ‘2' a.

mm 11. aura-3:5“? 5°:u5l’ax1." H2358“-

YANDOITB “LE. 81!? Buff [-

m. sum it” W833.

Scores 92- I5. WM. ”Willis“. lick.

BITE WYANDOTTES. 1.5. 1

Napalm ME“: 3 ”1:1 5. 82.50

A. FRANKLIN MITH. Ann Arbor. MW
476-28

THE RAINY SEASON





CONQUERED BY w





THE TOWER SYSTEM

CORN CULTURE





Tower Cultivators Went into the fields

three days earlier than the shovels

after a ram. Earlier maturity of the

corn was the result.



V. H. Peck. Hull, lll.,writes:



_“We can use surface cultivators after a

ram three days sooner thana shovel plow

and do a better job.” .



H. 3.. Chapman, J erseyv 111e, Ill., writes :



It was a Wet season—with your two-

row _Tower Cultivator; corn had only 3

plowmgs, but was remarkably clean.”



dams Co. Agrlc. Extensmn Ass’n, De-

catur. Ind., reports:—“'I‘ower Cultivator

greatly increased the yield of corn per





 





acre, even in an extremely wet season.”





Spares All Corn Roots





 





These Corn Roots within Five Inches of the Sui-flee.

Each of the. following extensive corn





farms of Illinoxs use 25 to 50 Tower Culti‘

vators: Ill. Canning Co. and Hoopeston

Canning 00.. both of Hoopeston. 111.; Im-

quoxs Canningr Co., Onarga. 111.; Blooming-

ton Canning Co., Bloommgton. 111.; Chenoa

Canning Co.. Chenoa, 111.: LeRoy Canning

Co., Leroy. Ill—because they have proved

the best.



Many thousands of farmers of the coun-

try use the “Tower"excluswely. Nearly

every grower of. Seed Corn uses the Tower

System because it is proved the best known.



Reader, be sure your Cultlvator this

season has the name “TOWER” on the

tongue. Write us for free literature.





J. D. TOWER & SONS C0.

37th Avenue, Mendota, Illinois.





(Original manufacturers of Surface Cultivators.)





     





 





 





 





 





Successful is the result

of successful





Orcharding tillage- Cul-





t IV a t e y o u r



trees as you would your corn——use an

"Acme” Orchard Harrow



Itlgets in close under the branches. Cuts,

slices, turns the soil twice, levels and

compacts—all at one operation. Many

srzes—extensron and regular. Kills small

weeds, cultivates deep, mulches thor-

oughly. Send for new free booklet—now.





Duane H. Nash Inc.

44 " ' Millington

Elm Street ew Jersey.

81-2 ft. Wide





T H E f M‘I c H'I'G‘A‘NT IF'AX‘R M E R.





E

E

E





Practical





THE SOURCE OF MATERIALS IN

FERTILIZERS.





 





BY FLOYD \V. ROBISON.





When commercial fertilizers were

first introduced the nitrogen content

was satisfied by securing materials

containing nitrogen from every source.

Analytical methods were not sufficient-

ly developed to make it feasible to in-

quire into the class of materials used

to furnish the nitrogen. Consequently

chemists soon found that manufactur-

ers were using such materials as finely

granulated hoofs, horn, and also finely

chopped leather to furnish the nitro-

gen content. These were the scrap

materials from slaughter houses and

together with the hair frOm the ani-

mal carcass constituted a considerable

portion of the material which thus far

had gone to waste.



With the advent of the commercial

fertilizers, however, manufacturers be—

gan to hope that in this way this scrap

material could be utilized. Conse-

quently many fertilizers contained a

considerable portion of their nitrogen

content in the form of this unreduced

and but very slowly available nitro-

genous material.



A Product May Contain Much Nitro-

gen, yet be a Poor Fertilizer.



The horns and boots of animals, the

hair and the skin, which is the source

of leather, contain a considerable

amount of nitrogen. This material

might be considered to be a typical

proteid compound for an analysis of

hair shows it to contain nitrogen in

very much the same percentage as

does ordinary proteid material. The

same might be said of horns, hoofs

and leather scraps so that from the

standpoint of the total nitrogen con-

tent no criticism could be raised as to

the nitrogen content of the fertilizer

in question. But these materials are

of value to vegetation only as they de-

compose and their nitrogen becomes

liberated or combined in soluble form.

iHoofs, horns, hair and leather scraps

will resist decomposition for long pe-





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





l 0"

‘ 622...... ‘

' fa,





mentm “” filth»





.SEPARATOR





ll

. l,

Elf.

SOLID PROPOSITION to l)“;

send new, well made, easy running. H

perfect skimming separator £0r315.95 1‘. \_

Skims warm or cold milk making ‘ ”~‘——'='-< ‘

heavy or light cream. Bowl is a

sanitary marvel, easily cleaned.





flBSOlUTElY 0" APPROVAL





Gears thoroughly protected. Differ-

ent from this picture, which illus-

trates our large capacity machines.

Western orders filled from

western points. Whether dairy

is large or small write for handsome



free catalog. Address;





AMERICAN SEPARATOR co., E





 

 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





3083061 Bainbridge, N. Y. § ‘

:;

RITE FOR 1 ' i

5 : - ' - 3 O O

A I

Over 26 000,000 rods Brown

Fence already sold to 490,000

farmers. Factory Prices,

FreightPrepaid. ISO styles

lac per rod up. Gates and

Steel Posts. tool Write postal.

THE BROWN FENCE In WIRE co.

4 “W49 0 o . Ohm-unfit)”.





l





 





Penny Postal Brlngs Book of

Fence Facts

Before you buy ‘ 33 Direct from {so-

any fence, get tory—frei hi;

this valu- re aid. ve

able e er profits.

Fence ‘



Thousands write

th s t it outlasts

everything else. ,





 

 

 

   

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





6i Home. It. Wall. Mich.





 





riods of time and therefore it was

ifound necessary to separate the nitro-

lgen of the fertilizers into these solu-

jble, almost inert, forms and the other

imore readily soluble and more imme-

diately available types. Since inquiry

was made into the sourCe of the raw

'material in this respect, manufactur-

ters have found it impossible to sell

such materials in fertilizers and now

Ethey are treated either by digestion

fwith acid or by some other form of

treatment which puts the nitrogenous

material into a soluble form.





All Sources of Phosphoric Acid Not

I Equally Valuable.



I With respect to phosphoric acid, the

demand is fully as urgent as with ni-

trogen, although perhaps the variety

of sources is not so great. We know,

for instance, that although the phos-

phoric acid in bones under certain

conditions is a very desirable type of

phosphoric acid for fertilizers, one con-

dition which must be met before the

phosphoric acid in bones can be of

any service in soils is that the same

be permitted to disintegrate. This dis-

integration is promoted first by the

fine grinding of the bones. A pile of

bones which are not ground will re—

sist decomposition for centuries. The

same bones brought to a powdered

state will begin at once to furnish a

portion of their phosphoric acid to

vegetation. If the bones are green,

whereby there is a considerable

amount of nitrogenous matter contain-

ed in them, the fine grinding permits

of a much more rapid utilization of the

phosphoric acid content through the

effect of the decomposition of the ni-

trogenous matter and its solvent in-

fluence upon the phosphoric acid.





I

l





 





 





 





Illl!llllllIllll|lllllllllllllllllll|lllllllIllll|IllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllliJlllll|llIIllllllllllIll|lllllllllI|||llllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllan





EllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllIllllllllIllllllliIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllHlllllllIlllllllllIIlllllllllllllIlllllllll|llllllllllIllllllllllIlllllllllillllllllllllllllllllll





.l





ScienCc. ,





Ellllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllll





The Term Bone Phosphate of Lime

Means Little Nowadays. '

So-called bone phosphate of lime is

of no more consequence in a fertilizer

than the phosphate of lime found in

ground rock except that it is assumed

that when bone phosphate of lime is

mentioned in a fertilizer the phosphor-

ic acid content is stepped up in value

because of the fact that it is associat-

ed with nitrogenous and organic mat-

ter at the same time from the bone,

the decomposition of which in the soil

liberates materials which in turn, so

freely liberated, begin at once to at-

tack the lime phosphate of the bone.

This is why We have advised repeat-

edly the useof ground phosphate rock

as an absorbent in stables because we

try to promote in the ground rock a

condition similar to that which nature



provides in the bone itself.



It is erroneous and misleading for a

fertilizer concern to advertise its phos-

phoric acid as bone phosphate of lime

or equivalent to bone phosphate of

lime unless it is bone phosphate of

lime or at least unless its phosphoric

acid is associated with organic mat-

ter fully as intimately as is the case

with ground bone.





Burned Bone Not so Good as Green or

Raw Bone.





Bones which have been burned ex-

hibit their phosphoric acid largely in

the same condition that exists in phos-

phate rock and in burning bones the

immediate availability of their phos-

phoric acid has been largely destroyed.



Some fertilizer concerns have put

upon the market a steamed bone meal.

We have considered the phosphoric

acid in steamed bone meal to be of a

high type of availability and conse-

quently we have conceded a higher

price for its phosphoric acid than with

raw phosphate rock.



The use of acid phosphates whereby

the ground rock is attacked by sul—

phuric acid which combines with a

portion of its lime furnishing calcium

sulphate and what may be called a

soluble and reverted phosphate is an-

other form of high type phosphoric

acid product. In vegetable matter the

phosphoric acid is considered to be

available in spite of the fact that it

frequently exists in the tricalcic phos-

phate form, but in vegetable matter 'it

is associated with organic matter and

such association we have mentioned

before repeatedly is an advantageous

one.



Raw Rock Phosphate is the Most



Slowly Available Form.



Raw phosphate rock is probably the

least available form of phosphoric acid

we have, but the availability of the

phosphoric acid in rock is materially

influenced by the fineness of division.

So it becomes important for the farm-

er to know the sources of materials

which go to make up the phosphoric

acid content of the fertilizer. In lieu

of this he should know the water-solu-

ble content or the amount of phos-

phoric acid soluble in such a solution

as citrate of ammonia and the amount

which is totally insoluble in either

reagent.



What About Potash?



Probably the question of availability

or the sources of the raw material is

of greater import with the potash con-

stituent of fertilizers than either nitro-

gen or phosphoric acid. We have been

confronted in the last two years with

a virtual famine in potash because of

the stopping of imports from prac-

tically the only available source of

soluble potash salts in the world, that

is, the German Empire. The world is

not destitute of potash for every coun-

try has potash in some form, but with

the almost total exception of the solu-

ble salts which have been produced in

the Stassfurt salt mines in Germany





APRIL 1, 1916.





the potash of the universe seems lock-

ed in well-nigh commercially invulner-

able vaults. This ‘cOuntry has an

abundance of potash but it exists in

an insoluble form and while nature

undoubtedly, through the influence of

vegetation, year after year does draw

upon, in some degree, the insoluble

potash salts of the son, still we know

that the form in which this potash ex-

ists in most soils does not lend itself

readily to intensive agriculture. It is

a. wise provision of nature, no doubt, for

it insures a permanent agriculture, but

so fascinated have we become with

the idea of stimulated soil productivity

with the use of artificial manures, and

so fascinating have been the possibil-

ities of making crbps grow to commer-

cial advantage that we have not been

satisfied with the old, time-consuming,

natural method.





Water Soluble Potash Absolutely

Indispensable.



The discovery of'these potassium

salts which were soluble in water has

affected materially the demand on the

fertilizer industry, and now that this

market is temporarily shut off and

potash has risen in price to as much

as $500 per ton, without any stock to

supply, farmers have wondered What

they could do to prevent a decrease in

soil productivity due to this one factor

alone.

ing advantages for farmers should be-

gin to realize that economic agricul~

ture depends upon a utilization of all

materials which they have at hand up-

on every farm, that they cannot afford

to go into the markets and buy the

fertilizer which contains potash in the

same form in which it exists in prac-

tically all soils.



We therefore give consideration in

valuing a fertilizer not to the total

potash content in the fertilizer, but to

the amount of potash which may be

leached out through the agency of wa-

ter. We say, therefore, water-soluble

potash is the type of material which

must be furnished in fertilizers and

that form now limits it to the sul—

phates of potassium, muriates of potas-

sium, nitrate of potassium or carbo-

nate of potassium. In wood ashes it

exists largely in the form of carbonate

of potassium. In the German salts it

exists in the form of chlorides, or

muriate of potassium.



To recapitulate briefly, We give the

highest value in fertilizers to all those

ingredients which furnish the nitro-

gen in water-soluble form; the phos-

phoric acid in water—soluble form; and

the potash in water—soluble form.

These forms of nitrogen are nitrate of

soda, nitrate of potash and sulphate

of ammonia. In phosphoric acid it is

acidified bone. In potash we give con-

sideration only to the form of potash

which is soluble in water and this

means carbonate, chloride or sulphate

of potassium.



The secondary form, or the. next in

value, in nitrogenous fertilizers is such

substances as tankagc, dried blood,

raw or steamed bone, acidulated pro-

ducts and the like, and the least value

of all to those products such as hoofs,

horns, hair, scraps of leather, and oth-

er forms of nitrogenous fertilizers

which do not decompose except after

prolonged intervals of time have

elapsed. In the case of phosphoric

acid it is the raw phosphate rock or

burned bones; in the case of the pot-

,ash ingredient, it would, of course, be

the silicate. And a sufficient amount

of these insoluble potash compounds

exists in practically every soil so that

there is no excuse whatsoever for their

employment in fertilizers.





 





Does it pay to plow ground for oats?

The Ohio Station says that farmers

are frequently misled by such prac-

tices. Six years’ results at the state

experiment station show that disked

land has given greater yields than

plowed soil, and the cost of preparing

the seed bed has been much less. The

only objection to disking is on land

where weeds are unusually abundant

or on exceptionally heavy soil.





We think it has its compensat- ‘





 





____,_._...... ”mm .. A,





 





- '5! t: in»):
n"

o





. . . ,.____/-.——~......———....





 





~‘f1. 5m» ’





 





APRIL 1, 1916.





gluinmmnumnummuummmmmnmnumulmuummmmmmmg





' Grange.





‘llllllllfllllllllll





   





: ,,,,,,, 1 , .;;...;.,,.., ‘ —.



Our Mottoz—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should

be first improved.”





THE GRANGE IN CO-OPERATIVE

SELLING.





 





 





A special committee of State Grange

executive committee has been named

to outline a plan for the operation of

co-operative organizations within the

Order, and Hon. George B. Horton has

been chosen chairman of that commit-

tee. A report of much importance is

looked for at the April meeting of the

executive committee.



I am telling the story now because

I want to get the matter before the

readers of this paper in time for them

to be thinking about it a little in ad-

vance, before the pressure of spring’s

work shall have taken all the time and

left little opportunity for thought out-

side of the regular work of the farm.



The plan of the sub-committee will

provide for live stock shipping asso-

ciations, organizations for the market-

ing which shall be found possible with-

in the scope of the membership of any

Grange, or combination of Granges.



At first it may seem that to limit

the organization of any co—operative

society to members of the Grange

would be to confine it within too small

limits, but it is hoped that there are

many Granges in the state large

enough to support such societies with-

in their own membership and where

the number of members in a single

Grange is not sufficient, two or more

Granges can unite in one organiza-

tion.



In Calhoun and Genesee counties co.

Operative live stock shipping associa-

tions have been running for some time

with marked success, and as we have

gone about the state during the. win-

ter, we have noted much interest in

this somewhat new feature of co-oper-

ation.



In fact, the whole field of co-opera-

tive marketing is challenging the at-

tention of the public as never before.

The people are demanding these or-

ganizations. For the most part, they

are without experience and if they en-

ter upon this new work without thor-

ough, business-like organization, and

experienced leadership, the result will

be failure in a large number of cases.

Our committee realizes this and is

giving careful thought to the work in

hand. .



As soon as the report is finished

and adopted by the executive commit-

tee, it will be given to the press of the

state for publication. It is hoped that

the entire plan will be widely discuss-

ed, and that wherever the membership

of a Grange, or of adjacent Granges is

sufficiently large, there will be an ef-

fort to get something definite out of

this new line of Grange endeavor.



We are hoping that this new plan

will include an arrangement for some

sort of supervision of co-operative

companies. Failures often re’sult on

account of some little matter that

might be easily remedied if only some

one of experience were on hand to

give a little much needed help just at

the right time.



For example, in the management of

cooperative creameries difficulties of-

ten arise—sometimes because of poor

butter, or perhaps on account of varia.

tions in the test of cream, or from

some other cause not understood by

the patrons, which a competent cream-

ery' man could find and remedy with

little difficulty.



As time goes on, and the number of

cooperative enterprises in the state

shall increase, there will come the ur-





gent need of just the right man on





hand when the company runs up

against a troublesome condition that

is beyond the wisdom of the local man‘

agement. '



But first of all, do we need a uni-





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





   





OFFICERS OF THE STATE AS 0-

CIATION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.





President—R. J. Robb, Mason.



Vice~president——C. B. ScuIly, Almont.



Secretary and Treasurer—Mrs. J. S.

Brown, Howell.



Directors—Alfred Allen, Mason; C.

T. Hainline, Alma; W. K. Crafts, Grass

Lake; Edward Burke, St. Johns; Mrs.

C. J. Reed, Spring Arbor; Roy E.

Moore, Bellevue.



Address all communications relative

to the organization of new Clubs to

Mrs. J. S. Brown, Howell, Mich.





Associational Motto:



“The skillful hand with cultured

mind is the farmer’s most valuable

asset.”





   





 





 





 





r





Associational Sentiment:

“The Farmer: He garners from the

soil the primal wealth of nations.”





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





Adopt “Dry" Resolution.—The Wise

Farmers’ Club met for their March

meeting with Dr. and Mrs. Reeder, in

the city of Clare, at 11:00 a. 1n. Meet-

ing was called to order by W. J. Jen-

nings, president. Song by the Club,

“America.” Prayer by Rev. Bennett.

Address of welcome by Dr. Reeder.

Response by Secretary E. F. Wilt, af-

ter which all did justice to a good din-

ner. The Club then voted to make the

Rev. Bennett and wife, and the Rev.

Dibble honorary members of the Club.

“The possibilities of a canning fac-

tory in Clare, was the question of the

day, opened by a paper by Mrs. John

Duncan and followed by talks by Mes-

dames Wilson and Lansing, and Mes—

srs. Wilt, Jennings, Perry, Seeley,

Reeder and Tatman, all expressing

themselves in favor of the proposition

except one. Clare has fine railroad

facilities for a factory, has No. 1 land

for raising'beans and peas, can pro-

duce as fine apples as any part of the

state. The next question, “How plants

grow,” was opened by Miss Johnson;

"How plants are reproduced,” by Dr.

Reeder; “Proper selection of Seed,”

by Prof. Hornberger,rall of whom gave

good talks. Club adjourned to mept

with Mr. and Mrs. John Duncan m

April.



The following anti-saloon resolution

was unanimously adopted by the Club:

“We, the Wise Farmers’ Club, consist-

ing of farmers of Northern Isabella

and Southern Clare Counties, wish to

express ourselves regarding the pub-

lished statement made last week by

the Clare County Home Rule Club, a

whiskey organization under the guise

of farmers and business men. We be-

lieve such statements made by such

organization to the citizens of Clare

county is an insult to every farmer in

the county and the Farmers’ Clubs

throughout the state are opposed to a

unit to the existence of the saloon. We

recommend that the above resolution

be adopted and made a part of the rec-

ords of the Club, and also published in

the local newspapers.”——J. H. Seeley,

Cor. Sec.





mmmlmnmnmmutmm”MinimumIlulmuuuuuuuunmmuuumu

form system of book-keeping for co-op-

erative organizations? It often hap-

pens that these companies get into

sore trouble about money matters. The

secretary can not show where the

money has gone, and yet no one ap-

pears to have it.



It is a serious matter indeed when

a. man who has been respected by his

neighbors for half a lifetime or longer,

does not know or can not tell what is

needed to know about the company of

which he is secretary, and is suspected

of dishonesty by his neighbors.



If people who have little or no busi-

ness experience are going into busi-

ness, and are to succeed, the way must

be made just as easy as possible. In

the accomplishment of this, the gen-

eral public is interested. People are

entering the great field of cooperative

work not simply for personal advan-

tage, but because they believe it to be

for the interest of producer and con-

sumer alike. In this great work, the

Grange will ever do its part and more,

but the state should help. Every or-

ganization should co-operate with the

state so far as it is possible, to help

solve this great problem in the inter-

est of all.





 





W. F. TAYLOR.





 





run on his Schedule





Put your early rising

roblems in Big Ben’s

grinds — just tell him

what time in the morn-

ing you want to get

things stirring around

your place.





He’s calling time and keep-

ing time now for five million

families—more than a hun-





dred thousand of them live

on farms.





See Big Ben today at any

eweler’s. 7 inches tall. handsome.

ullt to last for years. Ringo two

ways-once forflve straight minutes.

or at half-minute intervals for ten

minutes. unless you shut him off.

Price $2.50 in the States, $3.00 in

Canada.

If your jeweler hasn't him. send

a money order to his makers and

he’ll come direct by parcel post. all

charges prepaid.





Western Clock Co.





IA Salle, Inc. U.S.A.





i

. 100,000 Farms.

3





Makers of Watch”





 





 





 





 





 





EDWIN FARMER, President





 





The Citizens’ Mutual Automobile

Insurance Company, of Howell, is

now started on its second year of

successful operation. Edwin Farm-

er, of Stockbridge, President, is a

prominent farmer and well known

throughout the state, as he was a

member of the legislature for four

terms. ‘



The Company now has an active

agency force and a large number of

successful farmers in all parts of

the state are insured in it. The

Company followed the plan of all

successful mutual companies in or-

ganizing in the fall after the heavy

losses of the season were over;

starting September 18!: the Com-

pany has obtained about twenty-

five hundred members and therefore

is a strong organization with a good

surplus fund, starting the spring

campaign with everything in its

favor. The officers of the Company

have received many compliments

for starting in this careful way, as

the wise man realizes that organiz-

ing at the right time means success.

The Company is new writing at the

rate of five hundred per month,

which will greatly increase as the

farmers start driving their cars.



The policy protects your car any-

where in the United States or Can-

ada against fire, theft, or liability,

protecting you against the lawsuits

brought against you, up to $5,000.



The rate in stock companies on

the average size car is about $50.

If you are not insured, look up this

safe and reliable Company where

you can get insurance at cost. Only

$1 policy fee and 25c per H. P. Write





W. E. ROB’B, Secy., Citizen’s





Mutual Automobile Ins" Co,

Howell. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





h Our course fits you at home to choose

the right tractor, to operate and repair.

‘ '—‘-—-i A autos. wcnflneo. Knowledge you



.v _\\ 5.4. e agencyl. II. I. cut





.. y. and deco-cod and make ‘ ht away.

‘ {a v! :4“ Write for (room. and free cage 9 an. _





Farms and Farm Lands For Salt





[20 Acres, 32600





Central New York





’ 8 cowsffil) hens. wagons and tools thrown In by ownefl

anxious to make quick move to smaller place. Nice lot

fruit: l50000rds wood. 600 sugar maples; 2-story s~room

house. 40-foot film, 2 poultry houses. Very easy tcrms

to the right man. You can see on same trip :1 good 125-

acrc farm for $1200. and one of 182 acres at 55,000 that

had an income 0‘ $4,000 in year. For details see page 35

our big new Spring Catalog. just out. copy tree: It is

filled from on to cover with live farm bargains every-

Where. E. A. TROUT FARM AGENCY, Dept. 101,





150 Nassau St... New York City.

McClure-Stevens Land Co.





Successors toA.J. Stevens (it Con Established 1TB.

Farm.Fruit and Stock Lands. We own 1911le acres

of choice unimproved land in Gladwin and Clare

counties. Sold on easy payments. Interest 6 percent.

Write for information.





Gladwin, Michigan





“ GRES 0F flPPUHTUNITIES”





An Illustrated booklet FREE. Michigan has hundreds

of of acres of virgin land. $5.00 an acre up.

Healthful climate. Growing season for all cm s. Ample

ralnfall.erte W.P. Hartman,A. & I.Agent. 00111314

Grand Rapids 6: Indiana Railway, Grand Rapids.hllch





New Land,





In Gladwin and Midland Counties. Michigan. Well

located. Low prices and easy terms. Stafl'eld Brm.

(owners). 15 Merrill Bldg, Saginaw, (west side). Mich.





' 14“) acresfi Modern (’(HXHBOdlllsl burns.

Dm’ Farm Milking machine. (ilii-ese- factor}, 1‘!»

Holstein cattle. Horses. ()il tractor and implements

included. Income $1.300 per mzunth.



. Description and terms to interested mrties.

I! l'. G. Reumlds. G adu‘in. Mil-h.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





. You can get more value for your

Fa I'mOI'S- money in farm prorm‘ty in Southern

Michigan than any where in tho [Suited States. If

interested write for free catalogue.

BYERS 8 BROWN. Goldwater, Michigan





257 ACRE srocx FARM °g§§ggegggg£u

$30 per acre. 1000thers. Send for list. . 3mm?

14mm Agency. Phelps Bldg. Binghammm New York





 





 





FARMS and unimproved lands on easy terms, Real

bargains in any State. bend for our free magazine

Service. free to buyers. w ESTERN SALES AGE NCY‘

“Ingenious. Minn. '





‘ Mississippi. Arkansa. T, ‘

Soullmn Farms, Send forbmimtnnessee.

MARTIN dz COLE,





M emphis. ’l‘cn n.





We have many able—bodi-

Do You '0“ Farm "Inland young men. experienced

and inexperienced. who want farm work. Ours being a

philanthropic organization. our services are free to arm

player and employee. If you need good. steady. subc-

man, write to JEWISH AGRICULTURAL SOCIE-

TY- , 712 W. 12th St., Chicago, Ill.

APructlcal farmer and hustler to take





wante charge of 320 acre farm, Rllacrcs cleared.

Married man preferred. Will my 3.10.00 per month to

tman. furnish house and plot of ground. Address





. C. D. Bunchette, Hancock. M lch lgan. .,





 





fora farm 30 miles from Detroit a

Wanted live man who understands farmlngggnog

beable to show results. Salary and profit sharing

arrangement. Box S-flJcare of Michigan Farther.

Detroit. Mich.

hr macro farm 22 miles ‘rom 135F011;

Tana“ "I'll“! 1% miles from electrlc‘line. Good





terms to htman. Must have 1111 lements and stock. .

1’18 Box 0—41, care . ichignn Farmer,





Always mention the Michigan Funnel"

when writing to advertisers. .
478—30 .

' BREEDERS’ DIRECTORY.





 





Change of Copy or Cancellations must reach us

Ten Days before date of publication.





SPECIAL NOTICE





Registered ilolstein Females for

Sale.





Our present farm being more valuable

for rea estate than dairy farming, we

are going to dispose of ifty females-'—

most y heifers and young cows. Some

are sired by the lgreat bull “Pledge

Spofi'ard Calamity aul” and many are

in calf to him. We offer in this sale

randdau hters of Pontiac Korndyke,

engerve (1 De Kol, Pontiac Butter

B013}, etc. '

hey are priced to sell. Absolutely

no tuberculosis in herd.

not often offered to

arm at foot of West





An 0 portuni

buy this kind.

Genesee Street and City Limits.

ESPANORE FARM

MNSING - .. MICHIGAN





CHASE S. Osnonx

wn rs

ADAM E. FERGUSON 0 e .





 





 





CATTLE.





ABERDEEN ANGUS





If you are in need of ancxtra good bull or a few choice

young cows or heifers, we have them for ‘Sale. Our

herd is headed by the Grand Champion Black

Monarch 3rd. \Ve invite you to come to our 1‘ arm ari—c

see them. They are bred right and need right. U. L.

Clark, Hunters Creek. Mich. Si ney bmith. Mgr.





 





 





l





ABERDEEN-ANGUS]





HERD ESTABLISHED IN 1900. l

TROJAN- ERICAS and BLACKBIRDS onIY. I

Also breeders of Percheron. Hackney and Saddle





Horses. . .

VVOODCOTE ITOCK FARM. Ionia. Mich.





 





Four young bulls also young

cows and heifers. lixtra good.

J. Wilber, Clio. Mich. l





Aberdeen An us





Priced rasonable. nquire F.





 





‘(lli SALE—ll Angus bul1s9 months and older. in-

I eluding our herd bull. Also it few cows and heifers.





Geo. Hathaway & Son. Ovid. Mich.





 





l





‘YRsHmEs-One of the foremost dairy breeds. The .

most economical milk roducers. Calves

for sale. White Leghorn oockere s: Dnroc' Jersey

swine. Michigan School for the Deaf. FlintJJichigan.





 





VILLAGE FARMS, Incorporated

Grass Lake, Michigan,





GUERNSEY CATTLE

BERKSHIRE HOGS





 





MILO D. CAMPBELL CHAS. J. ANGEVINE





BEACH FARM

GUERNSEYS





No Tuberculosis 0r Abortion





\\'.- are offering a number of fine Registered cows

for sale. some of these cows have finished their

.\. t. test and others soon will with records from

lmtoli‘lolbs. of fat in one year.\\'c also have Beg.

iiuli calves from A.R.cows for sale, also one Bull

old enough for service whose, Dani's _record is

over 620 lbs. of fat as a 4% year old.





CAMPBELL 8 ANGEVINE





Coldwater, Michigan.

—nEGIsruaEp





G U ER N S EY sum. CALVEs





Containin blood of world ohamgiions.

HICKS' OUER SEY 'ARM. Saginaw. . 8.. Mich.





 





 





. Bull Calves forsalc. May

Registered Guernsey Rose breeding. Address

Clint Bishop. Watcrvliet, Mich.





VONDALE Guernsey bulls all sold. 9011‘th dis-

Aztppoiiit those wishing ourstock. Only registered





biillcaivesleft. Avondale Stock Farm. Wayne, Mich.





f ice a_e and calves from

Guernsey BUIIS o clfilail‘de. Affiv. reg. breeding.

T. V. HICKS. Route 1, Battle Ceeek. Mich.





 





 





Six months old A. R. breeding.

allemso all“ Call Alsoagood Collie (log.

[6. A. IGENT, Watervliet, Mich.



for sale from A. R. dams.

Guernsoys 1 2-yr.-old bull and 3 bull

calves. Geo.N. Crawford. Holton. Mich.





 





Reg. Guernsey bull calves, dams running





Hill S‘LE in a. r. now. (‘hoap now. write





JOHN EBEL‘. HOLLAND. MICH. R. No.10.





AT Parmere' Prices Registered Guernsey Bull calves from

A._R. dams and dams being tested. If interested write for





photo. breeding and price. Byers i9. Barnes. Coldwater. liicli.





GUERNSEY Bull old enough for light service. a few

good bull calves-all out of a Son Pauline Spottewood—AJi. 0.

7461bl.ht-prices reasonablo.J. M.\Viiiiams, North Adams. Mich.





Do You Want A Bull?





Ready For Service.





re d dau hter of The King of the

ram . :lflliix-‘eélhby aetiull than?” Tor?3 than ; lat."

b th t e ampon 0- n owo a

Wmorlg. :nd whose dam is a 30 lb. 6% 5 fat dan hter





 





Beat Blood Linea.

. This is our record. one which we shall maintain. Choice fall and spring pigs and mature stock. Semi for

our new circular and state your wants. Write or better come. If you Wish one of the best voung Jersey bulls





in Michigan we have him for sale.





Brookwater Farm, Swine Dept., Ann Arbor, Mich.





V





THE MI'I'VCHIGA'I

Duroo Jersey'Boars and Sows,





'N FARMER





BROOKWATERS' WINNING COMBINATION





Individual Merit.





Prices that will make you money."





 





HOLSTEIN BREEDERS, ATTENTION!





We Finished 7 Day Records for 6 in February. The Record: Were :





No. I, 4 years. Milk 458.8; Butter 20.26 lbs.

2, 7 years, Milk 586.7; Butter 30.08 lbs.

3, 4 years. Milk 386.9; Butter 20.46 lbs.





No. 4. 4 years. Milk 554.5; Butter 26.65 lbs.

5. 5 years, Milk 583.9; Butter 27.58 lbs.

6, 4 years. Milk 420.8; Butter 14.62 lbs.





Our herd sire is a son of Pontiac Aggie Korndyke and Friend Hengerveld DeKol Butter Boy (World

record series). Every cow in herd has A. R. 0. record. 5 Bulls ready for service.





Get our booklet.





LONG BEACH FARM, Augusta, Mich.





 





ALLEN BROS.





Herefords—3 Bull Calves

paw PAW. Mica





 





 

 





 





1 ,





Purebred Registered

H 0 L S T E l N

O A T T L E





Holstein, the best dual purpose breed.



Dr. C. H. Eckics. of the University of Missouri,

found Hoistcins highly profitable. as do all who own

them. He says. “Thirteen years ago I bought four

Holstein cows. One was sold, so that all the cows

we now have came from the other three. We have

sold $5,600 worth of blooded stock from the herd.

In addition to that we have thirty-eight head of

females on hand, worth at an estimated value of

$200 per head. $7,600." Similar stories of success

with Hoistcins are really commonplace, so uniformly

profitable is the purebred registered Holstein-Fries-

an breed. Investigate the big “Black and Whites."





Sand for FREE Illustrated Descriptive Booklets

The Holstein-Priest“: Association of America

F. L. Hougliton. Scc’y.. BOX I64, Brattleboro. VI.





Ii, ,_





 





 





 





 





FOR SALE





SOME VERY FINE YOUNG BULLS





Whose sires have as high as 31 lbs. of butter behind

K lefll.





As they are young. will make a. low price on

BIGELOW’S HOLSTEIN FARMS.

BREEDSVILLEL MICH.





them.





 





have records above 20 ll).

all have A. It. 0. daughters.





HATCH HERD





YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN





Registered Holstein-Friesian sires. grandson's of

World's greatest dairy sire. out of choice A. R. (l.

dams and King Pontiac. Jewel Korndyke: Brother of

K. P. Pontiac Lass 44.1.3; average record of :30 dams in

his pedigree 31.25 in 7 days: average per cent of fat

three nearest dams 4.37: of his own dam 4.93. Sires in

first three generations already have over 600 A. Ii. 0.

daughters. A few females bred to “King”. Prices

reasonable. .





 





OLSTEIN Bull Calf: Born Oct. 5. A splendid in-

dividual. well grown. and of choicchrceding. Dam has

A.R.0_recortl. butter Tdays 18.0! lbs. milk 419.8 asa‘)yr.old.$ire

Albina Bonte Butler Boy No.93124. W. B. Reader, Howell,Mich.





 





' . Big Holstein Bull 2 yr. old. Goodbreedin .

FOI sale- lit-g. bulls and heifers liliiios. old. g

Ferd. J. Lance. Sebewaing. Mich.





' ' All from A. R. 0. Dams. Semi-of-

Iillillcc “OISICIII Bulls- yearly records 7201Iis. butter in Jr.

4 yr. old class to over 1000 lbs. in mature class. Breedingwrosa





 





"King of the Poiitiacs" and the "Dominick blood.” (‘herry

Creek Stock Farm. Hilliards. Iliz'li. M. E. Parmclcc, Proprietor,

ALFALFADALE “MD“



Holsteliis.

Contains aged cow s producing 32.94 lbs. of

butter in 7days: 4yr. olds producing 31.76: 3vr.





roducing 20.37 and Zyr. olds ‘25 69 all officially

Sons and brothers of these high testin cows

Geo. H. Gillespie & Son, Mason. ich.





olds

teste .

for sale.





For Sale





 





or to rent after June a “i brotherfito a. 3011).

ji‘. -1 yr. old Holstein. 6 nearest dams all

‘18 nearest sires and dams





M. L. McLaulln. Redford, Mich.





 





1 Have Holstein Bulls,





Bull Calves and Cows

that. I offer for sale.

I can show breeding, records, individuality and attrac-

tive prices. L. E. CONNELL. Fayette. Ohio.





 





“T0 P N 0TCII ” IIolsieins





B) careful retention, for many years, of largest.’ iro-

diieing females. and use of superior sires, a bree iiig

herd of wonderful quality has been established. “'8

are selling young bullsof this“'l ()P NU'l‘i‘}i"quzility.

of serviceable age, at moderate prices. Information

pedigrees, etc. on application. MCPHERSON FARBIH

00.. Howell, Michigan.





FOR SALE Registered Holstein Bulls





ready for service. and bull calves. also females.

FREEMAN J. FISHBECK. Howell. Michigan.





 





 





EGISTERED HOLSTEIN Heifer 4 months old. 12

I . cows with 30-ib. records in her pedigree. Mostly

white. beautiful individual. $100 (lciivcrcd. Write for

pedigree. Hobart \V. Fay, Mason, Mich.





 





I{E(i. Holstein Bull 5 mo. old. Dam 23.73 Butter dam of

Flint Burtjusca Pauline 5.96 milk, 28.51 Butter iii 7

days lit 2 years. Priced right. John A. liinke,Wnrrcii,Micli,





 





' COWS.





 





of Pontiac Aggie Korndykewho has more b.

daughters than any other livmg bull. If you do

write for pedigree.





EDWIN 5. strs, Marshall. Mich.l





FUR Sale—liegistercd Holsteins. 'One heifer 10 mos.

old, also 3biills from L’tol mos. old. sired by it 30 lb.

Bull. Wm. GRIFFIN, R. No. 5. Howell. Mich.





 





5 s. ld. D ..' .. 'lk

B‘g- “DISIEIII Bullillanlli lbs. bltgflrmlddslfiflbcl‘lill-Lly





marked and well grown. l‘l. ll. Cornell, Howell, Mich.





Handsome Hostein bull

only $25 Delivered: calf, “.5 white. Sire ‘25

lb. butter bull. Dam. heavy milker. ’l‘horougbred. not

registered. Bougeniont Farms. Detroit. Mich.





QIFeiland daring





$75 BUYS





ready for service.

B. B. REAVEY.





 





Offer, for quick sale, few choicei

bred Bull Calves at $50 and $7 .

Ypsilanti, Mich.





 





registered Holstein-Friesian bulls

Best of breeding and good

Akron, Mich.





Dairymen I





—The Truth





You may be prciucliced against



e crsey use you don't



now her. Look her up. She's

the Money Cow.





Get This Book—a history of

the breed and full of very inter-

esting tests and facts. It proves



conclusively that for pure dairy type, econ-

licfimy of production. richness of milk. Iong

c





This

Book





and adaptability to feeds and climate:

it these combined—she stands way

abotielheran". GThis book "About er

att e e . i . '

find it mall.” $0.1 ria’éi’i'g'fm "W °"

The AmericanJerseyCattIe Club

346 West 23rd Street, New York City





 





Lillie Farmstead Jersey Cattle. Bull calves from R.

of M. Cows. also heifer calves a d several bred

Colon C. Lillie. Coéaersviile. Mich.





Grade Jersey Herd ’For Sale





' FORTY COWS





The result of twenty years careful breedin and

selection. are now offered for sale. Individuaf milk

records have always been kept and are open for in-





heifers for sale.





 





3spection. If interested write for iarticulars and if





ionsiblo visit and examine the her and their record.



ellivery will be made at any time desired during the

sprm or early summer. A few registered Jerseys also

for sa 9. Address Geo. A. True, Armada. Mich.





 





BE W'ILDWOOD Jersey Herd. Registered Jerse



'Catt'le of Quality. Forty head Tuberculin tested

)laJesty s \fVonder 90717 heads the herd. His daughters

are producing from J to 50mm. butter in one year as

tyvoiearold heifers. and are bred to Majesty’s Oxford

1‘ ox 13-}4‘214 aciassy Grandson of Oxford Majesty which

combines type and production. Alvin Balden,0anac,licii.





MAPLE Lane R. of M. Jersey Herd. Tuberculin tested

by the li. S. Government. For sale bulls cows,

bull calves and heifer calves. Thelowest record of any

mature cow of this strain is 553 lbs. of 85% butter.

IRVIN FOX. Allegan. Michigan.

j





t h. _ . ,

Jersey Bulls for Sale .zflfin.“l.£§?dr‘éfit‘i‘fi§“i‘i'3.3'“h





semi-official test. C. B. Wehner. R. 6. Allegan, Migh





A 10 mos. old. solid color bull now





I I

IllllSlllE Farm .IOISO s offered for sale. Dam is a R. of M.

cow with record of 546 ha. of b Mar us a 3 yr. old. He is a

fine individual. Price right. C. 6; O. Deake, Ypsilanti. Illich.





 





 





APRIL 1, 1.916:





 





 





r.





   





I have started thousands of br eders on the road

to success. I have avery large and fine erd. Ey-

ory one an early developer. ready for market at six

months old. I want to place one hog in. each oom-

mnnity to advertise my hard.



6. s. BENJAMIN R. No. 10. Portland. Mlohlgan





SWIGARTDALE FARM





BREEDERS 0F

HOLSTEINS AND BERKSHIRES





Stock for sale at all times. Berkshires of unsurpamea

quality and breeding. at reasonable prices. A choice

biiil calf, nicely marked, five months old, sire's dam

with record of over 27 pounds. Dam of calf a grand

daughter of Hengerveld De Koi. Price $50.00.





Swigartdale Farm, Peterslmrg, Mich.

' i i ll Gil



Berkshires iiilfefif‘ilf‘i 3%.... m-‘edmlog‘ia’iioé’vnifi



April and May. A.A.Pattuilo, Deckerville, Mich.





' Sows bred to furrow in April. Best

Bfl'kshln Ho‘s-of breeding. Maple Place Farmei

C. S. BARTLETT, Propr. Pontiac, Michigan





Berkshires.





price. Elnihurst Stock Farm.





 





 





 





 





 





Of various ages, either sex open orbred,

prolific strains, Registere . at moderate

Almont. Michigan.





 





- Excellent boars ready for service.

BerkShfl'eS Satisfaction Guaranteed.

W. H. EVERY, Manchester, hilch.

Bred sows and Fall pigs forsale

CIICSICI‘ Whfles also 9 months Holstein Bull.

F. W. Alexander. Vassar, Michigan.

I l .

Capitol Hard 0.]. Smne. pragmatism?

press prepaid J. H. BANGHAR’I‘. arising. Mich





' Long type prolific kind. Orders

chGSIII While” booked for spring pigs. Write your

wants. Meadow View Stock Farm, It. 5. Holland. Mich.





' U R O C JERSEYS. We still have for sale six

choice young boars and fourteen choice young sows

due to furrow last, of Ap rii and early May, bred to Michi-

gaii Masterpiece, No. 52835, Orion Chief Perfection

No. 68945 and Jenning's Pilot Wonder. No. 73373.

Prices very reasonable. Send for copy of pedigree.

THE JENNING’S FARMS. R. F. D. i, Bailey, Mich.

Dunne JERSEY “0‘"; a. choice lot of spring boars.

Fall pifiupairs and trios





not akin. W. C. TAYLOR. an. Michigan,





~Fail and spring pigs either sex. from



Duroc Jersey: 0...... mm... s. .S'I‘AHLMAN.

CHERRY LAWN FARM. bhepherd.



' ' Gilts for A ril Farrow.



1: w- KEEIEY, Elle, MIOII. Breeder of urocSwing'



D. M. dcTJocal from Monroe or Toledo. Keeney Stop.



DUROC JERSEY tried sows and s ring gilts



bred to E. D’s. De ender 00].



No. 72973. Inspection invite d. E.D. Hcy‘den berk.Waylnnd.Mich.



DUROC JERSEYS, a few bred gilts for May farrow,



fail boars. rcady for service, also open gilts, Re-





gistered Holstein bull calf from high testing cows and

cvs. ly marked. F. J. DRODT, Route 1, Monroe, ‘Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Michigan,





 





 





 





 





IIIIIIIC Jerseys for sale— —a few choice fall pigs of either

sex. Fancy Buff Rock cockereis. JOHN

McNICOLL. Station A, Route 4, Bay City. Mich.





 





tested Jersey Cows for

sale. Also,'young females

Reese. Michigan.





23 lifgisieml Tuberculin





ERMAN HARMS.





nope Farm Jerseys. ”fififif‘l‘liii’lfii‘tlif‘g





Geo. C. BORCK. Grand Haven. Mich





FOR SALE JERSEY BULL CALF





dro ped Dec. 1st 1915. Solid color golden f: wn. Fl

indii‘idnal. grand dams of both sire and clan; are R. All?





cows. Will sell cheap.

Mariette. Misti, it. 1.





NEWMAN’S STOCK FARM.

BIDWELL SHORTHORNS

‘ ,_ For "Beef and Milk"





Registered bulls,



Scotch - topped roans,



redsand white for sale.



Farm at N.Y.C. epot;

’y.





 





 





 





   

 





also D. T. a I. R

Address G.I.Sclmdor My.





4 .. I BIDWELI. STOCK FARM

Albion Stlmp 352670 Box B. Tecumseh, Mich.





Shortborn Cattle of both Sex for Sale





. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





‘ r Sale Mar. lst, 1916. 25 head sliorthorns,7 males,

"0 "III at“Locust" on D. U. R between Almont dz

Imlcy City. WARNER BROS. Alniont. Mich,





Bulls old enou h forservice. Golden



Iwo SIWIIIIIIIII “'yandotte Coe Prelugollie puppies

8. G. BELCHER. R. No. 5. Hudson, Michigan,

AIRY Bred Shorthorns of best Bates strains. No





more females for sale at any price. . .

J. B. Hummeh Mason. Michigan.





 





OR Sale—12 Reg. Short Horn Bulls by Maxwalton

FMonarch 2nd,a son of Avondale. fromfi to 9 moa. old

John Schmidt, Reed City. R. No. 5.. Michigan



Five cows, Ten heifers, Five bull

:IIIIIIIIOIII cafll.- calves: also herd buii for sale.

Write. Wm.J. Bell, Rose City, Mich.





Shorthorn Cows and Bulls For Sale

R, R. Station, Elsie. H. B. PETERS, Carland, Mich.





P H dDurhams for Sale, Byoung cows and heifers

0 C bred. 18 mo. to5 years. Prices right. Write for





 





individuals, them. 1.. C. KELLY. Plymouth. Michigan

1

W A N I E Red Polled Bulls igni’i‘lxrch0df’ °Bedi3isfiiifi





Six ood men to buy pure bred HOLSTEIN BULL

CALgVES. Good notes on a year's time accepted in pay-

0. D. CLARKE. VASSAR. MICH.





 





merit.

B Registeged Holstein bull 3 months old,

5 uys whose 8 nearest dams averaged 25 lbs.

butter 7 days. 3 registered cows and heifer very cheap.

These combine the best blood lines.

J. B. Armitage, Traverse City, Mich.





M entire herd of high grade Holstein

F0]. sale Cosine and Heifers. Also one Reg. 3-Yr. old

Percheron stud Pcoit or will trade for Re . Holstein

Arthur N. Birkhoiz, New Buffalo. it ich.





~ . o ‘ - Six exceptionally flne

Something ChOICe Holstein grade heifers

by 25ib. A. R. 0. butter bull. out of heavy milking

cows. Calves are beauties—~94 white. Splendid size an



condition.





BOUGEHONT FARMS. Detroit. Michigan.





 





R. No. 1, Brown City, Mich.





Loads feeders and two load yearling steers. Also

can show you any numberl, 2 and 3 years old from

600 to 1200 lbs., Isaac Shanstum, Falrfleid. Iowa. R-S





nous. .

llnyallon Bred Iorishirrs"““° 0mm” ”‘8‘ “‘1‘





F i t d ith sexesffired by Bo alrtfin

.m ror. reg s are w papers 3 air prices. a

to p19}. F. Valentine, Supt. Temperance, Michigan.





of best breedin .cf various ages.eithar

Berksnins sex, all regisgtered stock, no skin.

8 coin] reduced price. Write your wants quick.

blitchell‘s Lakeside Farms. R.2. Bloomingdale, Mich.





ERKSHIRES. Bred tits and sows due to far-row

in April and May. Pr ced to move quick as crowded

for room._Chase's Stock Farm. Mariette, Michigan R.1.





 





 





 





—Se 1:. pigs either sex dc Holstein bill



IIIII'IIG 1.“? c ves&2 Registered Holstein cows.

E. H. MOR IS, MONROE. MICH.

DUROC JERSEY Bears and sows all sold. Some

good fall pigs either sex for





sale. Wm.W. Kennedy. R. [3. Grass Lake. Mich.





Dunno JERSEYS—5.1;?“ at:





Carey U. Edmonds. Hastings, Michigan.





-—A fine bunch of Bred sow.

"83" Boned IIIIIIICS and fail pigs For Sale.

M. A.BRAY. OKEMOS. (Ingham Co..) Mich.





Six June Gilts bred fo J

nuroc Jerseys furrow. Price $25.00. rWeilglh:

160 lbs. to 180 lbs.





H. G. Kcesler. R. No. 5. C

opolis. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





885.





 





 

   





   

 





   

 

 





: s. l r



In t . l‘ in



' E ‘ I , I l. = II



my Stock For sue—ill ol‘



E g I Borrupinlluu Soliciloll. I I

13 , I l



I I E



E .



I





   





Farm .

Grand Ledge. Mich.





BREI) GIITS.





 





Also

sh" ed 0. o. D.

.CARL JEWETT. Masoll'l).pMiCh.





young boars





0e I. C.

J





O l c SPRING BOARS of good type and

o O 0 Red Polled bul calves.

Grand Ledge. Mich.





0 I 0 choice serviceable boars; bred gilts forApriland

. . ~May tarrow; Fall pigs not akin. Write for low

prices and photo. A. V. Hatt. Grass Lake. Mich





0. I. (:95. All soldexcept one J'uly boat





and a few Oct. pigs.

C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan.

The home of the bi.





Way Brothers Stock Farm. .0... 0.1.0. no... Stock

for sale. Registered free. J. R. Way. ThreeRivers. lich.





' G'it b edfo M an

0. l. 0. Boar: for some. JJHS..E.OW.’1 333...?

express. G. P. ANDREWS, Dansville, Mich!





o | c Bows and Gilts for Spring farrow

a I a all sold. ‘

H. W. MANN. Dan-ville. Michigan.





IG TYPE 0. I. C.'s. and Chester Whites. Special

prices on all boars and fall pigs either sex These

are sired by Abo 2nd, this bear sired our unbeaten

breeders young herd at every eta fair we Bhowed this

year. other sires are Wonder Boy, bite Hallarid Alien.

this boar was junior champion at 4W . 'State Fairdast

year. Now Mr. Buyer our pigs are all sired from

chain ions. our price is no higher than other breeders

and t e Express Co. charges just the same for a (poor

pig as it. does for a. good one. Get our catalog an see

where the good ones are. We are bookln for Spring

pigs sired by Sch ooimaster, the highest 1) ced boar of

the breed and five times G.Clianipion. We Reg. Free and ship

C. 0. D. Rolling View Stock Farms. Cass City. Mich.

‘ ’ Attractive prices on fall pigs

"ISN'T.“ 0' I- c 3- and last spring tits. Allfrom

large litters. Elmer E. Smith. Bed 0rd. Mich.





o l 0 Choice gilts bred for April and May far-row.

- o 0 Also last fall pigs of excellent uality.

A. J. BARKER. Belmont. Michigan. [1.11. No. l.





Breeders’llirettery—Continued’on page 479.





 





John Barrier and Son.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





rn4<





a?





:-





. W.»-





«34!





, “WW+ ‘3’”. fiffiw ‘ fiiifazréfilc’iefiw. .26.. 3%" ’w.”.~.fi§‘w .. ‘W‘ — I ‘
u...

w





w». v;





 





APRIL 1. 1916.





   

 





gIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII"mg





Veterinary.





. ‘ - 3 1|.“ M-Llw ..'. ‘5 “l1, .‘

} 1].}: .2' ;‘. ;,l§,l.l‘.l:x.5.l,l,, . I





CONDUTEDC BY w. 0. ram. . 8.





Horse Slayers when Bit is in Mouth.

—-1 have a horse that slavers some

when eating and always does it

when bit is in mouth. What is the

best food for a brood mare? I am

feeding my cows ground oats and for

roughage cornstalks, oat straw and

clover hay. Would wheat straw, barley

straw or hay be a better feed. I am

also feeding a calf one pint of meal

made by mixing equal parts of calf

meal, corn meal and oats together

three times a day in .skim-milk. . Is

this enough? E. H., Millington, Mich.

Have der teeth floated and

change the it. Some grain, well cur-

ed fodder and a few roots is good food

for brood mares. Continue feeding

your cows as you are doing. providing

they are thriving, if not change their

feed. You are feeding your calf all





ht.



Injured Ankle—We have a young

mare that slipped and fell last fall, 1n-

firing fetlock joint, and our local Vet.



lls me that she is incurable. Fetlock





     

   





int seems to be weak. . . .,



oopersville, Mich—If rest and good

care, at the same time with the assist-

ance of your Vet, fails to help your

mare I would consider her incurable.

However, she might be useful for

breeding purposes.



Muscular Weakness-Have a three-



ar-old colt that is unable to raise



at high off ground, but no matter

how much you twist and press shoul-

der. it produces no pain. G. W. B.,

Butterfleld, Mich—Feed your colt on

oats, wheat bran and mixed hay. Give

him walking exercise every day. Rub-

bing the shoulder muscles with alcohol

twice a day will do some good.



Sprained Fetlock.—-—Last September

my five-year-old mare stepped on a cob-

blestone and sprained hind fetlock,

and the joint has been weak ever since.

Would a. light blister help her? B. T.,

Coopersville, Mich—Apply one part

powdered cantharides and four parts

lard twice a month, or you can safely

use the blister you mention in your

letter.



Cow Does not Come in Heat—Have

a. cow that came fresh last fall and

has not been-in heat since. J. L.,

Grand Rapids, Mich—Your cow will

doubtless come in heat soon as warm

weather sets in, if you give her 1 dr.

of ground nux vomica, 2 drs. of ground

capsicum and 2 drs. of ginger at a

dose in feed two or three times a day.





Tonic for Horses and Cattle—Will

you please prescribe an inexpensive

tonic for horses and cattle? A. W. R.,

Plymouth. O.—Mix together equal

parts of bicarbonate soda, sulphate of

soda, ground ginger, ground fenugreek,

ground gentian, powdered charcoal;





give a tablespoonful or two at a dose





two or three times a. day.



Bunch in Udder—Goitre.—I have a

two-year-old heifer with a. hard bunch

the size of a hen egg in udder which I

would like to have reduced. I also

have a Collie pup six months old with

a growth in neck similar to goitre in

people. R. S., Lupton, Mich—Apply

one part iodine and nine parts fresh

lard to bunch twice a week and you

may apply the same ointment to en-

larged glands in pup’s neck and it will

reduce them.





Inflammation of Bowels—Abscess in

Ear.——Last year I lost some of my

lambs when a few days old, with what

seemed to me to be cramps. The lambs

would hold to one side and at intervals

draw legs up and seemed in great pain

and a cold slime would form around

their mouth, when they finally died.

I applied hot applications and gave

them red pepper in milk, but a major-

ity of them died. What can I do if I

have any similar cases? I also have

two foxhounds that are troubled with

abscesses in the ear. J. 8,, Temple,

Mich.——Doubtless your lambs chill

soon after birth and die the result of

inflammation of bowels or congestion

of bowels. Good care is all that is re-

quired to save them; besides the ewe’s

udder should be washed and thorough-

ly cleaned before she lambs. Cautious—

ly apply peroxide of hydrogen to dog’s

ear, 15 minutes later dust in some bor-

ic acid.



Anemia.——I have a heifer calf six

months old that is not doing well and

her horns and teeth are loose. A. M.

N., Muskegon, Mich—Increase her

grain ration and give 20 grs. of ground

nux vomica, 60 grs. of ground gentian

and 60 grs. of powdered cinchona at a

dose three time a day.



Warts in Eat—My six-year-old mare

has a few small white warts inside of





left ear- which have been there since 3





she wasga. young colt. J. T., Moline,

Mich.—.—Apply one part salicylic acid

and two parts vaseline to warts twice

a week. ‘





.'





 





 





'THE MICHIGAN FARMER





For Stock

and Poultry





" \W. -.; ".2:

Dr. IeGear's = ‘

Remedies





One {or





ailment





Cure cuts





this convenient way





Manda of barb wire cuts. harness sores and

other wounds on stock are healed annually by

Dr. LoGoor’e Antiseptic



9"“‘3’ "mam" Healing Powder

' A powerful healin antiseptic In asilter sop c





'noet





easilr applied reme y known. Just dust the wo with





21 dinerent Bemedlesnach

Dr.LeGear's own prescn‘p-

tion, from 28 years' expen-

Ience as an expert Veter—

lnarisn. Ask your dealer.

50c stock book free



I: Dr. LeGear. 116 pages.



pictures; on ailments,

treatmentnndcare ofstock

and poultry. Write for It.





i





 





enough powder to cover it—lorms an anfisaptlc coating

that soothes. heals. and protects the wound irom insects

an lnlectlon. In use twenty years. You'll be enthusiastic

w youtry it. Ver inexpensive. Get a trial can now-

you're always need 2 such a remedy. Ask yourdealer.





Free Trial can!





It your dealer cannosaupply you with Dr. Romantic

septic Homegrown" sell us his name and we send

you, has. ll ral





trial can. Write for it now.





uhnmwmvizuwudsam





 





Howell consignment Sale 00.





Sixth Annual Sale of





100 Roglstered Holstein Frieslans IOO





AT HOWELL, LIVIIIBSTDII COUNTY, MIGIIIIAI, IlII APIIII. 26. I9I6

IN OUR BIG SALE PAVILION



This will be a choice lot of cattle representing the best lines of breeding. Our



herd sires are strongly bred in the 30-1b. class, most of them are from dams, and



sire’s dams averaging over 30 lbs. Our stock is mostly from, or bred to such sires





as these. The are mostly young, man

three bulls wil be offere .





A. R. O. cows and heifers. Only two or





A fire hei er call from King Segls Champion Mobel





the 40-lb. bull will be sold in this sale, space will not permit to_ tell of the good

things, come and see. Thanking our many customers for their liberal patronage

we wish to welcome you back on above date with many new ones.



Catalogs April 10“!





Gel. Perry and look. Auctioneers.





AuoIion Sale





The Farm has been sold and I will close out Live

Stock and Farm Implements to the highest

bidder on





The Singer Farm





One Mile West of Wyandottc on the Townlinc

Road. Sale to Start at 9:30 A. M.





Wednesday, April 5Ill, 1916





Lunch at Noon





Eleven Nance—(mp bay Clydesdalc stallion. ,

1V0. 1.61.01 $92363) pure bred and rem; one roan

Bclgian .9 «than, No. 667.” (pure b'rccl and reg. );

one brou'n standard bred and reg. trotting

stallion Colt, four draft brood mares, some in.

foal, weighing from 11.00 lbs. to 18001bs., one



ure bred and rcgistered; one trotting mare

tn foal, with record of 233%, standard on

registered; one Clydesdale filly. pure bred

and registered; two weanling colts.



Nine Hood 0! Cattle—One Holstein Friesian

bull. 2 years old, pure bred and registered; six

milkers. some graded Holsteins; two yearling

heifers: two brood sows. six young pigs and

farm implements,





William W. Singer, Proprietor

John .I. Kroger. Auctioneer





FOR SALE





22 head of high grade Holsten heifers two years

old. All bred to registered Holstein bull, and

about half of them will freshen in 60 days.

They are all from good milkingstrain that wil

best up good. Fourteen hundred dollars buys

them all if taken at once.





VIM. II. pSAXOII, II. F. ll. 8, MI. I’loasanl, Mich.





 





 





 





HORSES





DUNHAMS

Percherons





For Fifty Years The Best





Send for fine Photographic

Catalogue.





D u n h a m 5,

Wayne, Darlene County, Illinois





 





 

 

 

 





 





Registered Parallel-one





two us old Penna-rm lllonswekht

and 1 lbs. “Priced to sell. Ins tlo‘n invited.

L. C. HUNT. Eaton aplda. Michigan.





 





Psrchsrons, IIoIsIo'ms. Angéls, Shropshim. flurots

DORE D. BUELL. lmira. Michigan.





1550 and mules?“ ml train :





 





NAIIK B. GIIIIIIV, Secretary.





 





Valuable Percheron

Slalllons & Mares

Must be Sold in Gloss EsIaIe





A. A. Palmer, EsIaIe,





II. II. Orleans. Ilch P. II. Balding. Illch.





 





20* Head of Percheron 20





Stallions and Mares

of high quality. Royally bred. some of them b

the Great $40,000 Champion Carnot (66.666 .

All recorded in l’. S. A. Studbook. If you are in

need of a good Stallion or mare. come and see us.

We can suit on in both quality and price.





II. A. nouns SONS. II. D. No. 4. Napoleon. Ohio.





 





31—479





[1008





AUCTION SALE





APRIL 5. I916





40 Berkshires open and bred Gilts and

Sows that will farrow in April and May.

Will meet morning trains.





Chase’s Stock Farm. II I, MarIsIIs. Mich.





o I 6’ 20 bred cows for sals.slasl Aprilgllls averaged)”

u I :IIbaaIan. 10,1916. The! are a varygrowlhy lot. nan

somailay gills and last fall yearling-.also a few service boas-

and plenty of last fall pigs. 0m 3. Schulse, Nashville. I”.





0. '0 Ce SCPABMIWI‘ pi 8’ 23:18! 33mm?“

15.13. MILE'I‘ .





owlorville. Michigan.





 





 





 





O. l. C. SWIN E £3‘£.§“°'If§

strictly 0. I. O. bred'to furrow the forepart of ay-





also fall pigs ce ri ht. Stock registered in put.

chaser-'8 name tee of c arse. A..I.Gordan. n.2, Don-.Mich.





- dy for service. I



0. la c CEIOICQ 80m rate; m d j _

m fees. :IULIAN P. cmxrd’rf. ups. shill. {its

atisfaction





II. I.Il.'s. FAIL PIGS, EIIIIEII SEX. “mm...





A. B. GRAHAM. Flint. Hlohlxan.





 





 





 





O I C Pigs. January Gilts. $8 .00. Also S. C.

o o a White Leghorn Eggs, $5.00 100.

$1.25 per 15 post paid. Bruce W. Brown. Mayvi e, Mich





 





o I c SWINE, Oct'. boars and ilts. 3 Registered

- I Holstein Bulls sired by lb. bull.

Cloverleaf Stock Farm, Monroe, Mich. No. l.





 





O

Boa rs at Half Price

We still have a few big boned, big type Poland China

boars ready for Service, wei him; up to 2’0 lbs. not fat

at $2) & $25 each. Registers in buyer's name. Also

registered black Percheron Stallion Zycars old 8250.0).

. . UTLER, Portland. Mich., Bell Phone.





36L NII cHINAs





From our thousand pound Grand Champion Boar

and Big Stretchy hows. Also booking orders now





for spring pigs.

lillcrest Farm. Kalamazoo, Mich.





Big Type Poland China Eiérgrllfgt’liit%?§.3m

G. W'. BOLTON, Route 11. Kalamazoo, Michigan.

Gills, fill. I'll ’ .

Pouln null .3332. 33.3.23 3...

A. A. WOOD dc SON. Saline. Mlchlgan.





 





 





 





 





' a few choice boars of spring and



[le! SII’IIII P. c-early summer furrow. A choice lot



of spring Gilts bred for spring furrow sired by Big



Defender the boar that every body goes wild over.

H. O. SWABTZ. Schoolcrott. Michigan.





 





April farrow. y

Moines. it: Knox Jr.,ahd Giant Defender. Bred to Big

Knox J r. Smooth W onder 3 and Big Jumbo. four great-

est boars in state. Come or write. W.E.leingstun.Parxnu,Iilicll.





- ith . .

For Sale Poland Ohms: 333.2” 5333? igi‘gws‘ll‘ég.

P. D. Long. R. F. D. No. 8. Grand Rapids, ich.





large 1y” P c. (Hits and sows. Bred fob lugs 13)]:





 





 





Poland Chinas. Fall and Summer PI .

"DIV! BOIIIIl Sou-s Bred. E gs from bigBarred Rocglgs

$1.00 01-15. ROBERT NEV , Pierson. Michigan.





 





IG TYPE POLAND CHINAS—bred sows and gilts

all sold. Have several good spring bears and fall



1 . Both sex. Call or wr to

. BREWBAKER & SONS. Elsie. Michigan





 





EGISTERED Poland China Spring Bears and Sow;

at 815 each. Making thisspcclal price to make room

tor others. A. (LMeade. Stanton. Mich.,Colbys Ranch.





 





I. r Type PC. Sows A" Gilts all sold. Have 3 extra

wa g. H308d slpring boars. Sired by Big Defender.





E SHAW. Augusta. Michigan.





 





Large Y orkshires ‘“‘...“'a‘

September i .. 'Jsprin boars. Prices 'reasonnble.

w. c. c0815? Route 0. 1. ADA, MICHIGAN.





 





Yorkshires Gilts





For March & April far-rowing For Sale.

V‘Vnterman 8; Waterman. Ann Arbor. lids.





 





' Sw'ne all ' es. Red Poll B lla

Larg. Yorkshlrfi ‘ readyd‘tzo use 375 each. u

E. S. CARR, HOMER. MICHIGAN.





 





One registered Percheron stallion three

For sale yr. old.dark brown: also One or two re -

labored Percheron mares. Wm. Graham, R, l. Ada.MIcg.





FOR S AL —Registored Percheron Stallion Mare-

an Fillies at reasonable rices. In-

peotion Invited. F. L. K ING & SON. Char otte.Mioh.





Registered Percheron Stud

For Sale: 2.01.30.30.13. June 1915.

E. J. Aldrich, Tekonsha. Mlch.. R. No. 1. Bell Phone.





 





 





 





0R SALE. A Choice Bred Black Percheron Stallion» com-

ing three years old. Weight lBOOlha. Bag. in American Per-

cheron Registry. Bell Phone. D.H. McKinney,Albion. Mich. R4





 





F I' Sal , Two Registered Percheron Stallions coming

0 e-three and six, black and grey,. Will sell for ,1:

thelrvalueif sold 30011. . T.Ii.Lovc, R. 3. Howell, Mich





 





snow-my TH E nlsraee

Pnounc " MULE FOO‘I'" assist-

PROFITABLI HOG INO





WI: AR: now oooxme onornl Ion same Poss





THE CAHILL FARMS

KALAMAZOO - - - - Mlcmom





 





 





Hampshire Swinethegreattpantuxe hog.My herd con.

tains the blood of some 0 the greatest champions

of the breed. Headed by a son of the Great ”look Out."

Brad sows and been all sold. Bookingorders for springpigs. Can

supply pairs and trios. not akin. Geo. E. 5th". Grass Lnko,Mi(‘h





 





LOESER BROS.





We have 100 head of Belgian and Per-

cheron Stallions and mares. Imported and

home bred. We have sold pure bred horses

in Michigan for the last 25 years,and have

the right kind, and at the ri ht price. We

can supply any numberofwor horses, both

geldings and mares. Get in touch with us.





LIGONIER. INDIANA.





. ~Nothing for sale but A r. Burrs.

HaIIIPSIIII'. IIOgS ’l‘akin orders forspring gs. Write

your wants. John W. Snyl er, St. Johns. R. ~o. 4. Mich.





 





' ' Pigs of both sex. Bred Sow.<;,Servlce

llIIIIIISIIII'O SWING. boars. Write for prices. Price to

sell. FLOYD MYERS, R. No. 9, Decatur. Ind.





 





 





SHEEP.





 





Kope Kon Farms





SHROPSHIRES and DUROCS. KINDERIIOOK. MIC"





oxford Down Sheep. n° :i°‘;,k,.§2{..f"°

M. F. GANSSLEY. Lennon. Michigan.





 





 





JACKS

AND

MULES





Rel l .

sample-and cots-loll 200





high. Large registered jacks

and draft stallions chea new.

Wlll tradejorsheepmaftle or

horses.“ rite for prices today.

Stock guaranteed. Address

KREKLER‘S JACK FARM





 





WO0L-MU'I‘TON SIROI’SIIIIIE EWES





Bred to high class im orted ram. ial rioes now

to close out. Also MPH. Turkeys Spec p

Alonso. Mich.





Maplewood Stock Farm,

CULI. BEANS F01! FEED. 35": 33333233





YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED CO. Owoeao, Mich.





 





When Writing to Advertisers Please

Mention The Michigan Farmer.
CORONA





WOOL FAT





 





 





 





If you own a horse or a cow mail me the coupon

below, or' even a post card with your name and

address, and I will send you a big can of Corona

Wool Fat on 20 days’ trial, with full direc-

tions how to use it. I want you to try it for

20 days after you get it. Then if satisfied

with results send me 50c. If not satisfied or

if it does not do what I claim, you don’t

have to pay me one penny for it.





Lt Heals . and Cures





Hard and Contracted Feet, Split Hoofs, Corns,

Scratches, Grease Heel, Thrush, Quarter Crack, Barb

Wire Cuts, Sore Teats of Cows, Ulcers, Old Sores, etc. You

will be surprised at the results.





I want every Farmer and

Stockman to try Corona

Wool Fat 20 Days at my

RlSk. Idon’t ask you to send

me a cent of money in ad-

vance. Just fill out the coupon below

and mail to me today. I'll send you

'the big can of Corona Wool Fat by

Parcels Post—Prepaid.





C. G. PHILLIPS, Mgr.





 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





l

if ,00ronaWool lia_l





.-—the Wonderful Healing Compound—is unlike anything you

ever tried or used. Don’t confuse it with salves or ointments con-

taining grease and blister compounds. It is the only remedy that will

penetrate a horse’s hoof which’is 60% to 70% water. Grease and water

don’t mix—that is why Corona Wool Fat succeeds where all others fail.

It is not a grease, but the fatty secretions extracted

from the skin and wool of the sheep. It is readily

Read the absorbed, penetrates to the inflamed inner tissues, heals and. cures,

P I does not burn or blister, leaves no scars, causes no pain, and

’00" K t will never get rancxd or decompose.

Corona Mfg. 0.. en on ~ . .

Efi‘afiig'éft‘égfi'fivfififig Used by 1 4100,1100 Sattshed Stoekmen,

Cut. Your Corona. Wool Fat





i:.:f‘°.afla.‘:¥“§.::: at: ' Farmers and Horse Owners





should have a big box of it on





 

 





Heals Quarter Crack





 





band: at all times. Yours





E33“ 8‘ ”mm 1‘°b‘”’°“’ It heals without leaving a scar and will grow an entirely new hoof)

Morris & Co., the great Chicago packers write: “We have been





 





Corona. Mfg. Co.. Kenton.





0"‘°'D"“S‘“—m"°‘°9‘°d using Corona Wool Fat on our heavy draft horses working on "mm... cm.wm.....





Leaving a Scar





Corona Wool Fat thoroughly





“d “”“”°"“““n"°”“ city pavements for four years. We are highly pleased with its





more than you claim for it.





1““‘hqbestth‘ng”“8“” results and would not be without it.”





CON". and ANOI' Halli; tried. Yours truly, Warren.





‘3’ ‘ .. Effigm'nmonspm Send No Money—Just the Coupon Today

9:.





I take all the risk. If you have not tried Corona Wool Fat before,

I will furnish you with a big can to try on any case you have. If .It

does What I claim you would not hes1tate to pay me a five dollar bill





for it. If it does not, it won’t cost you one cent. I leave it all to you.

- Send coupon today and I’ll send the trial can of Corona Wool Fat by return mail—

, postpaid—as offered.





 





 





 





00 Ge PH'LL'PS, Mgr.





THE CORONA MFG. GD. «5» 1





48 Corona Block KENTON, (""0 ' °"'°“="""""m"WW-r





 





 





 





   





Cure-

Sentence





 





 





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Cures Geller Iolle . . . .





 





Corona-Cur“ Sore Teete eI-Cewe





 





lelore'end After—cone of creeee Neel





 





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A - ,. ‘_._——- .~ 0+ m—mfiwr ”;,«._4_,...W,- “k I





 





. -— .M,”PW__





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