The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal





VOL. CXLV. No.16

Whole Number 3884





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DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, APRIL 15, 1916





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in the State.





50 CENTS A YEAR.

52 FOR 5 YEARS.





 





 





 





{Treated Poplar Posts After Nine and a

Half Years’ Service in Fence Line.





NY person who has for a decade



past purchased wood fence posts



for farm use, is well aware of

the increase in price that has taken

place. There is little prospect of low-

er prices in the future as the supply of

suitable woods for such use is rapidly

becoming exhausted. Unfortunately,

our native white cedar which produces

more than half of the posts used in



Michigan, is so slow growing that it

cannot be reproduced commercially

and the future supply is limited. Many

other species that have been tried have

fallen short of expectations in rate of

growth, durability or ability to with-

stand the climatic conditions.

doubtedly prices will cOntinue to rise

Until wood posts will be too costly for

many who desire to use them. There

is already evidence that many are try—

ing to reduce the first cost by setting

posts farther apart in the fence row,

but this can only progress to a limtied

extent and be practiced successfully.



’ It seems probable that increased

scarcity will cause changes principally

along two lines. First, the various

substitutes for wood posts will gain in

prominence. Both concrete and steel

have been used with sufficient success

to warrant further recognition of them.

The principal disadvantages of con-

crete posts are their cost, susceptibil-

ity to frost heaving, extreme weight,

difficulty of handling and crumbling

after a few years’ use, which has re-





 





 





Un- '





TheLFencc Post .Problcm'





tBy W. I.





sulted from errors in the process of

manufacture. These few 'objections

are more than offset by various advan-

tages such as great length of life, fire

and weather-proof qualities and unifor-

mity of size and color,j, making them

particularly adapted for fences along

highways and in other prominent loca-

tions. Added to these, is the fact that

concrete grows stronger with age while

wood posts gradually weaken until

they finally give way at the ground

line. ‘



A weighing of these relative advan-

tages and disadvantages leads to the

conclusion that while there are many

qualities to be wished for in concrete

fence posts, which are not possessed

at present, the advent of greater num-

bers of them will be welcomed to Iles-

sen the demand for wood. Metal fence

posts have been used with consider-

able success although comparatively

few are now in use.



There are those who realize the

many superior qualities of wood, such





GILSON‘. "





as its wide range of adaptability, Who

would consider its being replaced by

substitution as parting with an old

friend. Although the processes are

not very generally known among farm-

ers at the present time, there are prac-

ticable methods of increasing the dur-

ability of wood posts to make them

rival the most promising substitutes.

A more extensive practice of these

methods will be the second result of

increasing scarcity of durable fence

post woods.



Crude Treatments Supposed to In-



crease Durability.



Before entering into a discussion of

the methods of treatment, some men-

tion should be made of crude methods

in vogue aiming to increase the life of

posts. It is rather popular belief that

a post set with the small end down

will last longer than when in the op-

posite position. There is nothing to





warrant this belief, as moisture can

travel up or down in wood with equal

ease.





The method decreases natural





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Tank Treated Willow Posts After 9V2

Years' Service in Fence Line.





durability because the post is smaller

at the ground line than if set with the

large end down, and will rot off more

quickly.



Another practice is to pack the hole

around the post full of stone. This

has some value in keeping the wood

drier, and in preventing the growth of

rank vegetation near the wood which

would tend to harbor moisture and to

foster decay. It is very questionable

if the increase in natural durability is

sufficient to pay for the extra labor in-

volved unless stone are plentiful and

near at hand.



A practice involving the same prin-

ciples as the latter method is to set

the post in concrete, and this has some

real merit in that it materially increas-

es durability. It is particularly advis-

ed for end posts in wire fences which

are rather difficult to replace without

considerable effort. A precaution is

necessary, however, to slope the sur-

face of the concrete away from the

post so that water will not collect .in a

depression next to the wood.



Charring the surface of the portion

of the wood which {is to be placed in

the ground is another crude method in

use. This increases durability to some

extent as decay producing organisms

will not attack the post as long as a.E

complete band of charred wood re—

mains intact. The posts must be thor-

oughly seasoned first or the heating



(Continued on Page 515).





 





 





 





A Heavy Grate Should Protect the Bottom of the Tank.
514—2





‘ I H E .. M I‘CH'I‘GA‘N. “mm *





   





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The; Michigan Farmer

Mblithed 1M3. CIIIW ‘9“.





The Lawrence Publishing CO.

_ Editors and Proprietors.

39 to as 'sc. Wont Detrolt.

Magnum: "All. 46%. W



NEW YORK OFFICE—381 Fourth Ave.

cmcmo orrc 12—604 Advertising Building.

CLEVELAND 0FFlCE—1011-l0150rezon Ave. N. a.

PHILADELPHIA OFFICE—261-261 South Third St.





 





   





m, j. LAWRENCE ..................................... new“

M. L. LAWRENCE ..... ....vlce-President

s. a. HOUGHTON .................................... Sea-Tray,





 





 





r. ‘R.~WA‘TERBURY .......

BURT WERMUTH...“



FRANK A. warm....

ALTA LAWSON Ll'I‘I‘ELLn-m-un





 





Associate

Editor-





 





 





 





E. H. HOUGHTON .......................... Busing”. Manage]

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:



One year. 52 issue. .......................................... 50 cents



Two years_ 104 inn“ .......................................... 1.00



Three yam. 156 inane. ....................................... $1.25



Five yearn. 260 inner ........................................... 2.00





All lent poetpaid.

Canadian subscriptions 50c a year extra for postage.





 





RATES OF ADVERTISING:





“cents per line agate type measurement, or 85.60 per

inch U4 agate line. per inch) per insertion. No adv’t in

serred for leu than 81.20 each insertion. No objection

able advertiaemenu inacrted at any price.





Mel: Standard Form Pepera Amociation and Audit

Bureau of Circulation.





Emerd as second clau matter at the Detroit. Michigan.

poetoflice.





DETROIT, APRIL 15, 1910





 





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





The readers of any

Guaranteed Ad- farm paper are paid

vertising. a compliment by the

manufacturers and

dealers who advertise liberally in that

publication. Other things being equal,

the amount of advertising carried in

any publication of this class depends

upon the readers’ ability and willing-

ness to purchase advertised goods, as

judged by the advertiser himself. By

their liberal patronage of our columns,

reliable advertisers have extended a

merited compliment to the farmers of

Michigan whom they have addressed

through our columns, by judging them

to be liberal and discriminating buyers

of quality goods. We believe that this

compliment has been returned by the

liberal purchase of advertised goods

by Michigan Farmer readers. This is

a compliment to the publishers, in that

it implies that readers have confidence

in the goods which are advertised in

the Michigan Farmer.



In the censoring of our advertising,

every precaution is taken to protect

the readers’ interests, and while errors

may sometimes be made, even after

the most careful scrutiny, such cases

are rare indeed, and We desire at this

time to .131in take the opportunity of

assuring ii‘e reader that we guarantee

our subscribers against fraud on the

part of advertisers and solicit just and

consistent complaint from any who

may feel that they have cause for same

in any transaction with a Michigan

Farmer advertiser.





I

In another column of

The City Milk this issue will be found

Supply. a continuation of the

discussion of the milk

inspection problem from the disinter-

ested standpoint of a scientist who has

had a broad practical experience in ofi‘i-

cial observation of the very factors in-

volved in this discussion. We again

urge the dairymen of the state to care-

fully follow these discussions, to the

end that they may familiarize them-

selves with every phase Of this ques-

tion as viewed by the various interests

involved. As before noted, this discus-

Sion was opened for the reason that

the milk inspection service inaugurat-

ed by cities has not apparently been a

complete success so far as the better-

ment of the product of the contribut-

ing dairies is concerned. As charged

in the article above mentioned as ap-

pearing in this issue, this inspection

service has largely been aimed at the

means by which the milk was produced

rather than the end or‘ Object of the

milk itself.



Also, as previously stated, we behave

that the dairy farmers of Michigan

whoproduce market milk have not

succeeded in getting an increased com-

pensation whichwould Oflset the hand-





 





icaps which, have been imposed upon

“mm- by the Milk .mspection service-

The dairymen contributing milk to Chi.

cage have ”recently been conducting an

organized campaign for better prices

for their product, and have succeeded

in reaching an agreement by which the

price will be advanced to $1.55 per

hundred pounds. Action Of this kind,

however, has but small relation to the

milk inspection problem.



Although the question of price-mak-

ing as between the producers and dis-

tributors is very properly a function of

the producers' organization, the same

organization can aid its members quite

as effectuallyin the solution of the

vexed problem of city milk inspection,

provided the membership is largely of

one opinion regarding its proper solu-

tion. It is to crystalize sentiment up-

on this subject and arrive at the con-

census of opinion among producers

that this discussion has been under-

taken at this time.



" A hearing of spe-

Wouid investigate cial interest to the

Packers.

, ers Of the country

was held by the House committee on

judiciary last week. This hearing was

on the so-called Borland amendment

proposing an inquiry by the Federal

Trade Commission to determine wheth-

er the packers are violating the anti-

trust laws in the conduct of their bus-

iness. Representatives of the meat

packers presented their side of the

case and representatives of the live

stock producers of the 'country were

later heard in support of this amend-

ment, in addition to which they advo-

cated more stringent laws prohibiting

the restraint of trade in foodstuffs gen-

erally. Jail sentences instead of fines

were particularly urged.



The contention of the live stock pro-

ducers can perhaps be better presented

by quoting from the testimony Of Ed-

ward L. Burke, 01’ Nebraska, represent-

ing the American National Live Stock

Association, from which the following

exerpts are reported by our W'ashing‘

ton correspondent:



“The rapid concentration Of the

slaughter and distribution Of meat an-

imals in this country and South Amer-

ica into the hands of a few men, is the

feature which most disturbs the pro-





ducer and which he feels needs the





most careful investigation.



“A complete statement of. the facts

is sufficient. Less than twenty years

ago the working capital of the leading

concern, Swift & Co., was a little over

$16,000,000, their earnings a trifle over

$2,000,000, and the volume Of business

about $100,000,000. It has gradually

increased until now the working cap-

ital is approximately $120,000,000, the

earnings for 1912 were over $14,000,000

and the volume of business over $500,-

000,000.



“Our association, representing. thou-

sands Of producers, feels that there ex-

ists at this time not only an Opportu-

nity, but also an absolute necessity for

a searching inquiry and the discovery

and application of a remedy for exist-

ing conditions by governmental agen-

cies, to the end that both the producer

and the packer may receive on the av-

erage a reasonable return, and the pub-

lic may have a continuous and steady

supply of meat products at reasonable

prices.”



While the packers have successfully

defended themselves against the

charges previously brought by the De-

partment of Justice relating to the

joint fixing of prices, this is not the

only consideration which should guide

Congress in the matter of a thorough

investigation Of the proposition of the

slaughtering and distribution of meats

as conducted at the present time.

While there is no doubt that a consid-

erable portion of the profits accumulat-

ed by the large packing concerns are

the result Of legitimate savings made

possible by conducting the business of

slaughtering and distributing on a

large scale and converting into com-

mercial by-products what would other-

wise be waste, yet publicity can do. no





live stock produc-‘





injustice to a business of, this nature.





On the other hand, if practices exist

which are an injustice to either the

producers of live stock or-the consum-

ers of meat products, a searching in-

quiry should reveal them. , "



If this inquiry develops the need of

such an investigation, the present

would seem a favorable time to make

it. While stock producers are now re-

ceiving remunerative prices for their

products, consumers are complaining

about the high cost of meats Of all

kinds, and a general inquiry relating

to the meat packing situation would be

likely to disturb trade conditions less

than would be the case were meat

prices low or were general consumers

less able to buy high-priced meats than

is the case at the present time.





Some interesting data re-

garding the savings of

the average man, have

been compiled by the A111-

erican Society of Thrift from available

census statistics. According to these

figures, only two per cent of the en-

tire population Of the country can

properly be classed as well-tO-do, 98

per cent being barely self-supporting

or dependent upon/relatives or char-

ity. According to this estimate, of ev-

ery 100 persons who reach the age of

65 years, 97 are partly or wholly de-

pendent upon Others for their support.

It is further shown by these figures

that 60 per cent Of the persons dying

in this country leave no estate, and

that only nine persons in 100 leave an

estate in excess of $500 when they die.



If these figures are at all accurate,

they afford an interesting comparison

between general conditions and those

which obtain in rural districts. Fortu-

nately thrift is more general among

country people than among city people.

At the market conference above men-

tioned, it was conceded by every well

informed speaker that country people

were good buyers, that they did not

mind paying a good price for good arti-

cles, but insisted upon getting the

worth of their money. This is an indi-

cation of thrift, and is an asset which

can scarcely be overestimated as a

factor in the forming of successful

business habits.





Country vs.

City Thrift.





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





Foreign.





The European Wan—The western

front continues to occupy the center or

interest in the European conflict, and

operations about Verdun were exceed-

ingly violent last week. The Germans

have not given up in their attempt to

take this important French position,

and have sent fresh corps to bring suc‘

cess. While they succeeded in forcing

the French to abandon the village of

Bethincourt on the western bank of

the Meuse river, they have lost ground

in other quarters. The falling back of

the French at Bethincourt only served

to straighten the French line, which

at this point extended into territory

held by the Teutons. “The Germans

immediately threw their strength

against the entire Verdun line but the

French were able to repulse their toes

at every point. There was consider-

able artillery activity in the region of

Dixmude, Belgium, and last week the

English were successful in capturing

trenches taken from them by the Get-

mans in the latter part Of March. The

city of Rheims has been systematical-

ly bombarded for the past three weeks,

but' no infantry attacks have been re-

ported. On the Russian front German

Offensives were repulsed in the reg-

ions north Of Lake Narocz, and there

is renewed fighting near Jacobstadt

southeast of Riga. In the Caucasus

district the Russians repulsed succesv

sive attacks by the Turks on the right

bank Of the Karadere river and con-

tinue their advance in the basin of the

upper Tchoruk river. The Austrians

and Italians have renewed fighting at

several points along that battle front.



Mexican Affairs—The de facto gov-

ernment of Mexico has proposed a

scheme to reduce the Mexican nation-

al debt through the donation of labor.

The proposal would have each citizen

donate one day’s wages each month to

buy current issues of Constitutionallst

bills, which would be destroyed, there-

by raising the value of the outstand-

ing currency and reducing the liability

of the government—The Mexican mil-

itary authorities have Offered the Arm

erican punitive expedition the use Of

Mexican telegraph and telephone lines.





 





United States cavalry underflColonels

Brown and Dodd are now moving south

from Setavofiwith all speed. Minor en-

gagements with Villa’s men have tak-

en place during the past week but

there appears to be uncertainty of the

present location of the bandit. The

American forces have already pushed

so far into Mexico that but for the use

of the railroads. it would now be nec-

essary either to establish a new base

of operations or to break loose entircbr

from the American harden—Steps

have been taken by the Mexican state

department to encourage the people of

the central states to till their farms

more carefully, in order to avoid a crop

shortage. A $1,000 prize is to be given

to the planter in each township for the

best planted field.



Representatives from municipalities

assembled in Berlin Germany this week

to discuss the food problem and fix the

maximum meat prices and the amount

to be allotted daily to each individual

and the manner in which distribution

will be made.



National.





The preferentialfiirimaries held in

Michigan April 3, resulted in the re-

publicans selecting Henry Ford, au-

to manufacturer as the “favorite sOn,"

over United States Senator William

Alden Smith, by a majorityof about

5,000 votes. On the same day in the

wet and dry contests where local opv

tion lights were on, the drys prevented

any of the counties now in the dry col-

umns from going back into the wet

list, and added Barega and Clare coun‘

ties. From the preliminary reports it

appears that the drys had a majority

Of the total vote taken in the entire 13

counties where local option fights were

an issue.



Experiments are being conducted at

Johns Hopkins Hospital to learn the

value Of serum in cases of drowning

and asphyxiation, it being contended

that by stimulating the blood through

the injection Of the serum. life may be

restored even several hours after the

accident. .



A compromise agreement has been

reached by the Toledo street car com-

pany and employes, thus ending the

sgricllte which has been in progress for



ays.





 





WILL HOLD TRACTOR CONTEST.





 





The Inter-county Corn Growers Asso.

of .Clinton, Montcalm, GratiOt and

lame counties recently organized for

the purpose of encouraging the use Of

pure-bred seed. the improvement of

farm stock and the discussion Of all

farm problems and to co-Operate with

the Michigan. Agricultural College in

the study of scientific farming meth-

ods, has designated Saturday, April 22,

as tractor day. Several entries have

already been received, and others are

being solicited, so that the success of

the event is assured. A large crowd

IS expected from the territory covered

by the organization.





 





STATEMENT OF THE OWNER-

SHIP, MANAGEMENT, ETC.





Of the Michigan Farmer. published

weekly at Detroit, Mich, required by

the Act of August 24. 1912.



Name and Postoffice Address.



Editor, I. R. Waterbury, Detroit,

MlCh.; Managing Editor, M. J. Law-

rence, Washington, D. C.; Business

Manager, E. H. Houghton, Detroit,

Mich: Publisher, Lawrence Publish-

ing Co., Detroit, Mich.



Owners, (if a corporation, give the

names and addresses of stockholders

holding one per cent or more of total

amount of stock):



M. J. Lawrence, Washington, D. C.



M. L. Lawrence, Cleveland, Ohio.



P. T. Lawrence, New York City.



E. H. Houghton, Grosse Pointe,

Mich. ’



F. H. Nance, Lakewood, Ohio.



Net! Laing, Philadelphia, Pa.



E. D. Pope, Cleveland. Ohio.



Nellie J. Lawrence, Cleveland, Ohio.



Citizens Sav. & T. Co., Cleveland,

Ohio, Trustee under the will of M. W.

Lawrence, (Beneficiaries, Nellie J.

Lawrence, Mary Lawrence and Morti-

mer Lawrence).



Nellie J. Lawrence, Guardian, Cleve-

land, Ohio, Guardian of Gains J. Law-

rence.



Mrs. G. B. Rogers, Cleveland, Ohio.



Lillian Cotton, Cleveland. Ohio.



R. M. McConville, Cleveland, Ohio.



G. J. Munsell, Detroit, Mich.



J. F. Cunningham, Lakewood. Ohio.



Known bondholders, mortgxtgees,

and other security holders, holding

one per cent or more Of total amount

of bonds,‘ mortgages. or other secur-

ities: None. \\



EDGAR H. HOUGHTON. Secy.

(Signature of editor, publisher, busi-

ness manager. or owner).

Sworn to and subscribed before me



this First Day of April, 1916.



CLARENCE E. HAMLIN.

Notary Public, Wayne County, Mich.

(My commission expires October 12,

1917). .



(Seal).





 

 





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APRIL-15; 19,115...





THE FENCE'POST PROBLEM. ,





 





(Continued from first page).

will develop checks and expose un-

treated wood to decay.

The Use of Preservatives to Increase

Durability.



Such methods as have been mention-

ed do not involve the use of any arti-

ficial preserving fluid. In order to un-

derstand the principles involved in

treating timber it is necessary to give

some consideration to the causes of

decay.



Decay is caused mainly by the ac-

tion of fungi, which are a low group of

vegetable organisms. Visible evidence

of them is usually some form of fruit-

ing body, one form of which is com-

monly known as the toadstool or mush-

room. Slender threadlike projections

known as mycelium, and to some ex-

tent analogous to the roots of higher

plants, penetrate the wood and, by

secreting a substance which attacks it

are able to break down the structure.

In order for these organisms to de-

Velop there must be present air, suffr

cient heat, moisture and food supply

which is the wood itself. Of these ele

ments, there is no practicable method

of controlling either the supply of air

or the temperature, so efforts toward

increasing durability must be centered

on a modification of the moisture or

food conditions. The ready access of

moisture is largely prevented by the

injection of an oily substance. The

principal means of preventing decay,





 





 





 





Fence Posts Made of Perishable Woods

Should have the Tops as well as the

Ground Portions Treated. (Ia. Ex.

Sta. Photo).





however, is by poisoning the food sup-

ply by the application of a preservative

having toxic qualities.



Common Preservative Materials in



Use.



There are a great number of pre-

servative materials in commercial use,

among which are coal tar creosote,

zinc chloride, copper sulphate (blue

vitriol), and mercuric bi-chloride. Cre-

osote is the only one of these which

acts as a waterproofer and also pos-

sesses the necessary toxic qualities.

It is put on the market under many

trade names, such as C. A. Wood pre-

server, carbolineum, Barret’s wood

preserver, etc., but the substance is in

each case essentially creosote. As

there are also oil tar creosotes and

wood tar creosotes on the market, it is

necesary in purchasing to specify coal

tar creosote. This latter creosote has

higher toxic qualities than either of the

other two. During normal times, coal

tar creosote costs about two cents per

pound when purchased in barrel lots.

As 60 per cent of our supply comes

from Europe, the price is somewhat

advanced temporarily.



Zinc chloride, copper sulphate and

mercuric bi-chloride are purchased as

solids and dissolved in water to make

the treating solutions. They are not

adapted for use upon timbers to be

placed in contact with the soil, because

being water soluble, they soon leach

from the wood. Copper sulphate and





THE 'M'ICIHIGAN‘FA'RMER





mercuric bi-chloride are further ob-

jectionable in that they corrode met-

als and cannot be used in metal 'con‘

tainers. Mercuric bi-chloride, because

of its very high degree of toxicity, has

poisoned animals by their licking the

surface of wood treated with it. These

water soluble substances are not well

adapted for use in the treatment of

fence posts. .

The Use of Cheap Woods for

Treatment.



The value of preservative treatment

is not primarily that it makes natur-

ally durable woods last longer, but

that it makes possible the use of woods

otherwise very perishable when used

in contact with the soil. Such woods

as poplar, willow, soft maple, beech

and many other naturally perishable

species are admirably adapted for use

when given a presesvative treatment.

Most of our fence post woods are slow

growing, while the majority of those

best adapted for treatment are rapid

growing and easy to propagate. Their

original cheapness makes them cost

less with treatment than posts of our

leading species do in their natural

state.



Brush Treatment.



The so—called brush treatment takes

its name from the method of applying

the preservative. It is especially adap-

ted for small lots of posts because the

process requires no special apparatus.



The posts to be treated should first

be thoroughly seasoned, as water and

creosote cannot occupy the same space

in the wood cells at the same time.

The posts are laid in a horizontal po-

sition on some kind of support to keep

them off the ground, and the creosote

oil is applied with an ordinary paint

brush. If the posts are to be set in

loose loamy or sandy soils, the portion

from the base to about ten inches

above the ground line should receive

treatment. This is necessary because,

in the soils mentioned, decay progress-

es in wood a considerable distance be-

neath the soil. In clay, decay extends

only eight or ten inches above and be-

low the ground line and posts need

only have a band of wood treated ex-

tending a few inches above and below

the ground line.



In order to secure penetration, it is

necessary that the creosote be applied

hot. The bulk supply should be heat-

ed, but not boiled, in a sufficiently

large container, and a smaller bucket

be used from which to paint.



As soon as the liquid becomes cool

in the small bucket it should be emp-

tied into the large contained and a hot

supply again taken out. It is essential

to fill knot holes and checks or un-

treated wood will remain exposed.

Two coats are advised, the second to

be given after the first has thoroughly

dried.



While a complete band of treated

wood remains intact, decay will not set

in. It is only possible after the coat-

ing has been chipped off or when, af-

ter years, the creosote has lost its





 





value as a poison. This treatment will

more than double the life of such

woods as~ poplar, willow and soft

maple.



The treatment takes about one gal-

lon of preservative, when two coats

are given, for each 25 square feet of

wood surface, or one gallon will treat

the butt ends of approximately five





 





34515

mounting a metal kerosené‘ barrel on

a circular foundation leaving sufl‘icient

opening below in which to fire. ‘A very

convenient home-made equipment con-

sists of a metal or wood tank, connect-

ed with a U-shaped piece of three-inch

pipe extending about four feet out from

the tank. The free ends are fastened

to the tank and open into it near the





 





Diagrams Showing Relative Penetration of Creosote in Several Pieces of,





. Wood.





posts, five inches in diameter. Based

upon creosote costing two cents per

pound the cost per post is approxi-

mately 3.5 cents for the materials, not

including labor.



Dipping.



Instead of using a brush to apply

the oil, the, posts may be dipped in cre-

osote oil to a point about ten inches

above the ground line. The creosote

should be kept at temperatures from

200 to 215 degrees F., but not raised,

as there will be loss. from volatiliza-

tion of the oil. The method is more

thorough than the brush treatment be-

cause it fills checks and crevasses in

the wood more completely. The amount

of oils used and cosr of treatment will

be but slightly greater than by the

previous method.



In order to treat only a band of wood

extending a few inches above and be-

low the ground line, the method is

sometimes modified. The posts are

held horizontally over the liquid and

slowly revolved while the hot liquid is

poured with a dipper over the portions

to be treated.



Tank Treatment.



The tank treatment is aimed toward

securing deeper penetration and great-

er absorption of oil than by the pre-

vious methods. '



The equipment consists of a metal

tank so arranged that heat can be ap-

plied. The most common form is a.

vertical cylindrical tank mounted up-

on an archwork of masonry so that a

fire can be built underneath. The size

of the tank depends upon the capacity

desired but they are usually made to

hold twenty to thirty posts. A plant

of rather low capacity is made by





 





Creosote in the Barrel to the Left is .Heated by an Open Fire Under the

U-Shaped Piece of Pipe.





(Photo U.





S. Forest Service).





base, with one opening about ten inch-

es above the other. The tank sets on

the ground, and the oil is heated by

an open fire placed under the portion

of the pipe farthest from the tank.





The method of treatment is essen-

tially the same with either type of

tank. The creosote is placed in the

tank and heated to from 200 to 220 de-

grees F., then the air-seasoned posts

are set in on end. The oil is kept hot

for a period of from three to six hours

depending upon the penetrability of

the wood. The heating process ‘alone

secures only a shallow penetration of

oil of frome one-eighth to one-fourth

inch. After sufficient heating, the fire

is allowed to die down and the liquid

to cool. The preliminary heating drives

off much of the moisture in the wood

by converting it to steam, and expands

the air contained in the wood cells.

When the liquid cools, the air in the

wood contracts and the suction tends

to draw the oil farther in. The length

of time, to allow cooling to continue de-

pends largely upon the condition of

the wood and the absorption desired.

The period varies in duration from

four to fourteen hours.





Only the butt ends of medium or

durable woods need treatment. Very

perishable woods, as willow, poplar

and soft maple should have the tops

treated also in order that they will last

as long as the portions in the ground.

A dipping or brush treatment for the

tops is sufficient. Many treat the tops

by setting them top end down in the

tank while heating the oil for the suc-

ceeding batch of posts.





There is no advantage in treating a.

post to the center, as when the outer

portions have decayed away, the cen-

ter is too weak to be serviceable in a

fence line and breakage soon occurs.

The absorption is best determined by

weighing a few test posts before and

after treating. A small allowance

should be made for \the moisture driv-

en off by the heating or the apparent

results will tend to indicate less ab-

sorption than has actually taken place.





To increase the capacity of a plant,

a second tank is sometimes used to

contain the cool oil, making it possible

to run from two to three batches each

day. Another modification is to omit

the cold bath by simply setting the

poSts in the open air to dry. This

causes the excess oil in the outer wood

to be drawn farther in by the sucking

action of the air in the interior as it

contracts. By this modification, con-

siderable creosote and, consequently,

much expense is saved and the results

are claimed to be very nearly as good

as when more oil is absorbed.



The cost per post for oil alone, bas-

ed on creosote costing two cents per

pound, ranges from 10 to 13 cents per





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FERTILIZER





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lam! W Fer-er II“ m: ll mm





 





 





ewill taining results.





 





1p'ost, when the poets are heated and

lcooled in creosote oil.



Resulting Increase in Durability.



Suflicient data is not at hand to

show to what extent the durability of

each of our common woods can be in-

creased by applying a preservative

treatment. It is safe to say, however,

that the two-tank treatment will more

than treble the life of woods of medi-

um natural durability. Willow, poplar

and basswood have been made service-

able for 25 years.



Preservative treatment makes possi~

ble the use of woods that have hereto-

fore been considered worthless for

fence posts. The cost of both post and

treatment together is less than that of

good fence posts in their natural state.



The advisability of farmers purchas-

ing creosote oil together in large lots

is suggested to secure a lower price.

Treating plants can also be operated

on a cooperative plan. Plants of the

types described are sufi‘icientvto treat

many times the number of posts any

one farmer will need at one time.



If the methods suggested are more

widely put in practice, the drain upon

the commercial fence post woods will

be lessened by substituting the cheap-

er.and more plentiful species, and the

cost of maintaining fence lines will be

decreased. Much progress has been

made in recent years in developing

methods of treatment and in ascer‘

Those who have con-

“dscientiously practiced these methods

have reported very encouraging results

and are the strongest advocates of pre-

servative treatment of fence posts.





RYE AS A FERTILIZER.





 





We began to sow rye about fifteen

years ago on a piece of loamy, gravelly

soil which had been poorly cultivated

for several years and was badly run-

down. This ground has been, with the

exception of one year, planted to a cul-

tivated crop, usually early sweet corn

or early potatoes. When the crop was

harvested, which was generally quite

early in the fall, the land was either

plowed or harrowed and sowed to rye,

and any manure that had accumulated

during the summer was used as a top-

dressing on the rye. This land, after

producing each year during the past

fifteen years, from a fair to some ex-

tra large crops, is today in a first-class

state of cultivation and is at this time

green with rye.



Three years ago land was bought

for the institution costing $50 per acre.

On one field, consisting of 22 acres,

corn was planted. When corn was off it

was thoroughly harrowed and one and

one-half bushels of rye drilled to the

acre. During the winter the poorer

spots in the field were top-dressed with

barnyard manure. The rye was plow’

ed under when about waist-high and

the field planted to northern-grown

white pea beans. From this 22 acres

540 bushels of beans were threshed, or

about 400 bushels, hand-picked free

from all disease and worth at least

$1.200. ‘



When the rye is sown after corn,

beans or potatoes a good harrowing

with a spring-tooth is all that is need-

ed to furnish a suitable seed-bed. The

work of sowing the crop is very light

and where the sowing can be done

early in the fall one and one-half bush-

els of seed is plenty. When sown on

rolling or hilly soil it generally pre-

vents considerable washing.



With us, each piece of garden land,

however small, is plowed or harrowed

and sowed to rye as soon as the crop

is harvested, and with a winter like

the past one, where the ground has

been bare much of the time, if the

rye is there it is always ready to take

advantage of any warm spell and make

a little growth and add a little humus

to the soil. Michigan farms would be

much more pleasant to look at when

the first spring rains came it more of

the hills were covered with a blanket

of green, it only rye.



Gl'r Coxxsa,





 





Supt. Mich. Reformatory Farms.





THE MICHIGAN, FARMER





A3311: 15. 19,16.





That Farm Woodlot





HAVE read the article on this sub~



ject in the Michigan Farmer of



March 18 with much interest, and

will say I have been aware of the fact

that the M. A. C. has persistently

preached the doctrine that woodlots

should not be pastured. I would not

like to detract from the good work

which that department has done, and I

hope that the College will continue to

keep the matter of forest conservation

and extension "before the people, but I

cannot keep from registering a protest

against the teaching that one should

not pasture woodlots. In my 'opinion

that is one of the first things that

should be done to preserve such lots,

at least in this section of the state.





Fire the Great Enemy of the Woodlot.





I will agree, however, that it can

easily be overdone. But the great

enemy of the woodlot is fire. I have

had an opportunity for years to ob-

serve hundreds of thousands of acres

of all kinds of timbered lands, princi-

pally maple, elm, basswood, beech and

oak in about the order named as to

amounts of each



Now, when the forests were virgin

timber, it was so thick that the very

shade at all points aided in keeping

down fires, and there were very few

people to start fires, consequently the

timber had its best chance to thrive.

But as the country was cleared up,

the woods became full of dead tops

and butts, bark, and small trees crush-

ed down by the fall of larger trees,

and sooner or later fires got started.

Perhaps the farmer was clearing, or

camping parties left a fire, or a loco-

motive set fire to the grass along the

track.



Perhaps a high wind carried a spark

a long distance and set fire in a log

fence, but the fire ran through the

woods. Probably it removed the brush

heap or rotten log that made the most

trouble, but it killed a part of the tree.

Maybe the farmer has forgotten the

fire, but sooner or later it shows up in

a rotten streak. .Then there is the ex-

cessive tapping of comparatively small

trees for sap for syrup.



Now, anyone who has had a chance

to observe large tracts of timber land

knows that woods where cattle are

confined, will not allow the fire to pass

anywhere near so readily. Often it

will run along a little ways each day

and finally die out, while the same

woods unpastured would have had a

roaring fire that would have about kill-

ed the timber.





Fence Off the Poor Spots.





But the suggestion of the author of

the other article that a portion of the

woodlot be fenced off and allowed to

grow a new crop of timber is a good

one, but instead of doing that by the

whole or a certain fraction of the tract,

it would be better to enclose the patch-

es that are lacking in timber. As a

general thing, we find that the first

people to handle a timber lot are ruth—

less in the manner of handling it. Men

are hired perhaps at'so much per thou<

sand feet to cut logs and there is in

their minds but one idea and that is to

fall timber so as to be able to cut the

logs without pinching the saw and al-

low the most scale of logs in a day.

There will be a jumble of tops matted

together and later a fire runs through

and kills most of the larger saplings

left standing over perhaps half an acre

or more, then blackberries, raspber-

ries, wild gooseberries and other small

vines and bushes come into the spot.

These leave a mass of dead branches

as they decay after their short lives,

and again a fire gets started and the





soil is robbed of its humus and a bare,





spot remains.

Cause and Effect.



Now the picture illustrating the arti-

cle above mentioned, especially the

one on page 379, look to me like re-

sults from fire instead of from cattle.

The student of forestry sees the de-

cayed tops above and the 'cattle be-





\





heath and concludes the poor cattle





are to blame. I would ask if it is not

true that often the most luxuriant

growth of a tree is in one along the

roadside where cattle run, or in a barn-

yard or in an old pasture. Of course,

as the light is all around, it has not

the benefit of natural pruning, and

spreads out to be a thing of shade and

beauty instead of a tall tree of com-

merce.



Where cattle are pastured the small

bushes, blackberries, etc., which make

so bad a fire trap, are killed down by

the stock and if the thin spots are giv-

en a chance to fill in, we will not find

the stock harmful. But at the same

time I would not favor excessive stock

pasturing. I have seen stock so press-

ed for food that they began to ride

down shrubs twenty feet high. They

crowd the trees over and eat oh the

leaves and will kill them if left to do

it. This is more noticeable in elm

timber than in maple, but it is a

shame to so starve cattle as to compel

them to live in that way.





The state of Michigan ought to set

out some of the waste land, or what is

now waste land, to rapid growing tim-

ber, like Carolina poplar or locust. It

would be a great source of revenue in

future to the state, and as soon as the

timber got large enough to stand the

cattle they should be allowed to graze

on such lands to keep the fire from

killing the trees. It would be but a

short time before that would be the

case.





Benzie Co. E. H. ALLYN.





 





FARM NOTES.





 





Liming Soil for Clover.





A field of ten acres of sandy soil

was in corn last year. Soil quite badly

run. I want to sow to oats and seed

to clover. Am dressing liberally with

manure but will not have enough to go

over entire field. Field is level and

needs draining. Presume soil is sour

so am thinking of using lime. Is land

plaster the same as ground limestone?

If not, which should I use and how





much per acre?

Midland Co. N. W. W.





If this soil is in an acid condition, it

would be better to use a small appli-

cation of caustic lime when the ground

is being fitted for cats; 300 to 400

pounds per acre of caustic lime (hy-

drated lime is the best form to use),

will have a greater eflect in the im<

mediate correction of this soil acidity

than will a liberal application of the

ground limestone.



If the lime can be applied some time

before the seed is sown, then ground

limestone is the best form to use,

since it will produce more lasting re-

sults. Ground limestone is chemically

known as calcium carbonate, while

land plaster is calcium sulphate and is

of no value in the neutralizing of soil

acidity, its tendency being rather to

produce an acid soil than to neutralize

same.



A Catch Crop with Oats.





I am to sow 20 acres of cats this

spring and follow with wheat in the

fall. Is there anything that I could

sow with the cats that would come up

after the cats are harvested and then

plow it under in the fall? Would it be

of any benefit to the wheat?



Allegan Co. M. J.





About the only forage plant which

can be successfully sown with oats

which will make anything of an after.

harvest grOWLh' is dwarf Essex rape.

However, where the oat ground is i11~

tended to be sown to wheat, it would

not be a good proposition to try to

grow a catch crop of this kind to be

plowed down for green manure, since

in the ordinary season if oat ground is

to be put into wheat, it should be plow-

ed as soon as possible after the oats

are removed, in order to conserve the

soil moisture and give plenty of time

for making a compact seed bed for the

wheat. It the plowing were done at

once after the cats are cut, the rape

would not add very much vegetable

matter to the soil. '





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





' Jew;
APRIL 15; 1‘916.‘

LlLLlE FARMSTEAD Morse.





Very heavy rains followed by warm

weather ‘- has started the wheat plant

also the clover and alfalfa. Especially

the new seeding of clover and alfalfa.

The wheat has not been badly winter-

killed as yet. If freezing weather is

now (April 3), over, the wheat plant

will pull through in this vicinity in

fair shape. Better than anybody ex-

pects. All the latter portion of the

winter the ground was bare and it

froze hard. Several nights in succes-

sion the mercury was hovering around

zero. However, Dame Nature did ex-

actly the proper thing to get out of

this condition with as little injury as

posible. A good heavy snowfall came

while the ground was frozen hard and

the frost came out of the ground un-

der the snow. You know when a man

frosts his nose or ears in winter the

very best thing is to pack the injured

parts in snow until the frost is remov-

ed. The freezing don’t seem to hurt

but little. That is just what nature did

with the wheat plant this March. Now

if freezing is over all will be well.



I was very anxious about this be-

cause the plant went into winter so

Small and weak I did not think it

could survive much adverse weather

conditions. If the wheat can pull

through I have little fear of young clo-

ver and alfalfa.



Bad Roads.



The condition that helped wheat

out nicely was the worst possible con-

dition for our roads. The ground was

frozen deep and the snow that follow-

ed melted and could not be absorbed

by the soil. The result was as fast as





THEM I c H-l ‘GAIN '-F!-A R ME R





We must insist on something of this

sort or we will never have good roads.

One will be worn out while we are

building another.



Feeding Steers.



Last year we had lots of clover and

alfalfa hay that was damaged by wet

weather. I did not think we could pos-

sibly feed it all out because our cow

barn had 11 empty' stalls. Therefore,

I purchased 11 grade cows. Besides, I

had 13 empty stanchions in the horse

barn and I resolved to fill them with

feeding steers. The idea I had was to

feed them silage and this hay with only

a little grain. Simply grow them nice-

ly and then put them on pasture and

sell them in July.



I had to pay six cents for those from

the local drovers. But they were well

shrunken. He made me two offers.

First, to weigh them up, feed them till

July and he would give me five cents

for all the gain or pay him six cents

and take the market. I was green at

this business. Never bought any steers

before in my life. But I told him I did

not like the five cents idea. So I bar-

gained to take the steers and let him

know in a few days what I would do.

I asked several men but they did not

seem to know much more about it

than I did. I wrote Editor Waterbury

and he told me to buy outright. Be-

fore getting his letter I searched dili-

gently through my library for infor-

mation on this subject, and I found

where Perdue Station had given care-

ful consideration to this very question.

They claim that a feeder must get at

least 20 cents a month increased price

over the purchase price to make any-

thing feeding steers. That is, I must





 





 





 





 





 





(ma-K





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Corrugated Metal Culverts Set in_Concrete Walls Insure Permanence





at Low





Cost.





 





the soil thawed it became very muddy

and roads have been in a horrible con-

dition. This condition has prevailed,

I learn, over a wide territory. Some

roads that were nicely graveled last

summer and fall are cut clear through

to the clay soil and much of the gravel

is wasted.



Now, however, these roads should

be repaired as soon as conditions will

permit. There is no use spending so

much money building roads unless

they are to be properly cared for after-

wards. I will not vote for any more

bond issues for good roads unless some

systematic policy is carried out for re-

pairing the roads alreadypbuilt. The

township authorities or the county au-

thorities should make arrangements

so that every rod of permanent road is

looked after and repaired at the prop-

er time. The road drag will do the

most of it if it is used at the proper

time. The trouble is it is nobody’s bus-

iness, or seems to be, while some par-

ticular person should belheld respon-

sible for, a certain length of road. It

should be his business to drag it at

the proper time. Also, if any portion

is wearing uneyen, ruts (forming,.,etc.,

he shbuld repair it at 'once when the

cost will be but little and not have it

wait until" it is almost beyond repair.





 





not only get sixments when I sell, but

if I feed six months I must have 20

cents per 100 pounds additional each

month, or $7.20 per 100 to get a rea-

sonable profit. Well, I telephoned the

man I would buy. If I hold them until

August 1 I should have $7.60 per 100.

It is a gamble if I get it. This steer

feeding is something of a speculation.

Now people who ought to know tell me

I ought to feed grain on pasture or I

will never get the weight and finish I

must have to get $7.60. Will it pay at

present price of grain? If I don’t make

any profit, provided I don’t lose, I

shall not be sorry for I will have sold

my poor hay to those steers at a fair

price and besides I am learning a les-

son in cattle feeding.

COLON C. LILLIE.

“MW

Catalog Notices.





Case automobiles are fully illus-

trated and described as to general fin-

lSh and detail of parts in a large-sized

23-page art catalog mailed upon re-

quest by J. .1. Case T. M. (30., Racine,

WIS. Mention the Michigan Farmer

when writing for , a copy.



The Hardin-Lavin 00., 46th and Cot-

tage Grove avenue, Chicago, Ill., pub-

lish a ?2_6-page'book‘listing a full line

of sanitary plumbing goods, light fix-

tures, furnaces, etc., for installation

in the farm home.





5:





 





 





 





.""""t





IllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





 





ElllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllIllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllmlfllllllllllflllmmml'llllllfllllllllllllllllflmlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





 





 





 





Motor efficiency de-

pends largely upon

lubricating efficiency

and that means:



Reduced carbon deposit,



More mileage from your gas-

oline.



More mileage from your lub-



_ ricating oil.



Increased power.





There is only one way to ex-

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That is—use it.



A simple test should convince

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T h e L u b r i -

c a t i n g C h a r t

s h o w n b e l o W

which represents





~é/ /,./.,

our professional ad- ’ 01 O in h . .5 df

. gt eonlspecr e or

Vice, has, for a 0 l O S yourcarbyacompany





A grade for each type of motor





number of years

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abrication. Opposite your car

you will find specified the cor-

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That oil was specified for your

motor after a careful scientific

analysis of its lubricating re-





otor Efficiency





 





5—517





llfllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





W





quirements by the Vacuum Oil

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If your car is not listed, a copy

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An Economical Demonstration





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For information, kindly address any

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CORRECT AUTOMOBILE LUBRICATION





Explanation: The four grades of Gargoyle Mobiloils for gasoline motor

lubrication, purified to remove free carbon, are:





Gargoyle Mobiloil “A”

Gargoyle Mobiloil “ B"





In the Chart below, the letter opposite the car indicates the grade of Gargoyle

Mobiloils that should be used. For example, “A” means Gargoyle Mobiloil

“A,” “Arc” means Gargoyle Mobiloil f‘Arctic," etc. The recommendations

cover all models of both pleasure and commercial vehicles unless otherwise noted.





Gargoyle Mobiloil “E"

Gargoyle Mobiloil “Arctic"





 





 





WUWIHIIIUHHIlllIlllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllIllIlllllIIllIllllllllllIll|lllllllllIllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllIlllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllIll]IllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllIlllIIlllllIlullllllllllllllfllflllllfllfllllllllnlnlllflllllfl





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 





 





 





   

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Houston? 1916 1915 1914 1913 MODELOF l9l6 1915 1914 .1913 39m~

7* ‘0 5 b :1 b 3 5 " a L; 3 h ‘5 . ,3 :3

cans Esééésts ms 3‘25“:

.2 $3,533? mksssfisk-s

‘Abbott Detroit ....... Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc./\'F€. A Arc. 'Riud Ker ..r...'..... A Arc. A :\rC A Arc. A Are. A

. " “ (scyl). A A A A " “ Com'l...'.- A Are. A Are A Arc Are A" A"

Apperson ............ Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc. . "f "’ (Model 48) A A A A A A

‘ “ (chl).r._..- A A 01.. ........... -... B A B A B A B A 3

Auburn (4 cyl)....‘.i- A Arc. A Arc A A A A l " (Modelss)..p. A A A

\ " (6 cyl) ....Am. Arc. ArcArc Arc.Arc,_.. ocomobile.......... E E E E E E Arc.Arc.Arc.

Autocar ........... A Arc. A Arc A Are A At: lien. - A Arc. A Arr. A Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc.

very ............... A A A A A A A Marmon . A A A Arc. A Are. A Are A A

" (Mod.5&C.lT0n) Arc Arc. Arc.Arc Arc.Arc . axwell . Arc. Arc. Arr. Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc.Arc. Arc.

Briscoe .............. Are. A Arc A An: ercer ....... . A Arc. A Arc. A Arc. A

‘ " (8cy1)\ ....... .. ' ....Arc.Arc.........._........,....

Buick ............... . , ' A .

Cadillac ............. Arc. A Arc. A Are. A Are. A

“ Scyl) ....... A

Case ................ A ”......AArc. A

Fhalmers...........kA A A A A A ..............

> " (Modcl6-4o Are. A Arc. A A A A A

. " (Model6-30) A

Chandler Six ........ ,Are. Arc.Arc. Arc. Are. _A Arc. A

Chevrolet ............ A

ole ................. .Arc. Arc Arc. ArcArc Arcprc. A

“(scyn .......... A

Cunningham. ....... .Arc.Arc.Arr An:Arc.Arc.Arc.Arc.

Detroiter ............ . A Arc 'Arc Arr Are A"

" (chl)..._........... 1'. . A ....... ..

. ‘.“ ‘ A A A

Paige ........... ,, A Are. A

, '- (6-46)..\.-..'.-..A .Arc.Arr.lArc....,.............

B " (6e36&38).,.. Arc. A Arc................

‘ Pathfinder ........ ‘.. A .Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc.

A a"‘y_ (lzcyl) . A A ,

. Feerlessg... . . . . . . ArcArc. Arc. Arc, Arc,

. A . "‘ (8Cyl) ........ A A

. . Pierce Arrow ......... A A Arc. Arc. ArcArc. Arc.Arc. A

Hudgonu,‘ _ . . . ... ,_, . . , A , I " " Com'l... Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc. ArcArl‘ Arr A" Arr

W “ ‘ Supchix.... A A .. ... , .. Rtgal...'. ........ Arc.Arc.Arc.Arr.Arc.Arc.Arr Arv‘ Arr

Hupmolfile ........... A Arc. A Arc. A Arc. A Arc. v' " (3 WI)“ A A ArcArc..,..L.....'..........‘.....' ‘:

I.H.C.(air) ......... .... B A B A B A . Rea ............... A Arc. A Arr. A Arc. A Arc. R .

" (watergcytlel A A A A A A A A . on..-., --------- E E E E E 8...”... ' —

" (water,4cycle) A Arc. . . lden ........ Arc.Arc.Arc,Arc,Arr.Arc.Arc.Am.Arc

Jackson .............. Arc..Arc.Arc.Art.Arc.Arc. A, Arc. Elearns‘Knight B A s A B A A A A A

t- “ (Scyl) ....... A A " “ A

Jefiery ............. A Arc A Arc A A . Studflnketu A rc.Arc.Arc. A Are. A Arr A"

“ (Chesterfield).. A Arc A Arc..... .... Ewan...” [AA A, A- A A rr An- Arr

“' Com'l ......... A Arc. A Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc.Arc. . elie ('4cyl)‘ A Arc. A Arc: A A'

‘Kelly Springfield...,.. A A A A A A Am.Arr Arc "'I ‘" (6cyl) Arc. Arc. Arc. Arc. Art. . ....

IKing A Arc. A A A_ E A E 'hite ..... . A .Arc. Arc. Arc. Arr An" In- A" A"

-; (8cyl).......... A A Arc.Arc......... .v... ,..‘ Mlillys Knight.-.‘..‘..'. A B A A A

Coy-J ------- a... AmArpAm Arc. Arc. Agog. imam... .......... Arc.Arc.Arc..Art AmArE n- Am An-





 





 





 





 





Detroit

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On request we will mail you a Chart specifying the correct grade of

Gargoyle Mobiloils to use on each make and model of tractor.





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Specialists in the manufacture of high-grade lubricants for

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the KRAUS

-—the i a m 0 II I

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shovels without

l i r e s o m e l e I

w o r k. There's

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none: is instantly Idiuetcd while machine in





 

 





 





 

   

   

 

   





 

 

 





 





   

   

 

 





 





   





Cultivate: hillsides. uneven [undead

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The KRAUS is simple in con-

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Pulverized lime rockW for I;"sour

soils Write for L BSOIE

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send ample and full portion-

a.I-s Write to oifice nearest you,

LAKE SHORIE STON ECOMPANY.

Muskegon. Mich" and Benton Harbor. Inch.





First Class 2 Yr. Trees, 4 to 5 km CHOICE

12A l0. 51001299.. 50,120 «932111.12th



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De I So I! o. . 1914 A

For Sale ll’IlIlilgdoalel yns3.2:pel'l)rl: hengfi‘gom.

GEO. HARRISON. y'ton. Mich.





Iest





T'HE, MICHIGAN. FARM‘E'R





Growing the Blackberry





LACKBERRIES do not have par-

ticular soil requirements, and

steady cultivation is more neces-



sary than heavy applications of ma-

nure. In many sections of this coun-

try the blackberry is found growing

wild, sometimes in favorable seasons

the wild fruit matures well and is good

enough to market. However it is apt

to be shriveled and seedy, especially in

dry seasons, and in case of this kind

it has little value. The condition of





' the wild fruit in the average season





brings out the necessary points to con-





, Sider in raising this fruit in the home





garden.



Keep Blackberries Well Cultivated.



The blackberry needs plenty of mois-

ture. Cultivation conserves the water

in the soil and enables the plant to

mature large juicy berries. The wild

berry patch soon becomes a bramble

and harvesting is very difficult. Care-

ful pruning eeps .the berries in the

home garden under control, maintains

the vigor of the plants and reduces the

cost of harvesting the fruit. In select-

ing the blackberry site drainage is an

important consideration. The wild ber-

ries thrive best in bright sunshiny lo





‘ cations on well-drained southern .slopes.





The plants receive plenty of moisture

but at no time does this soil become

swampy. You do not find blackberries





pruning shears in the hands of a care-

ful man will be necessary to obtain

the best results.



Blackberries picked for a distant

market must be removed from the

plants while still firm and acid in taste.

They will not stand rough handling

and delayed transportation and many

shipments are lost by sending out the

fruit when too ripe. If sold on a local

market within a day after picking the

harvest should be delayed until the

berries are ripe. The ultimate con-

sumer who purchases berries at the

local market expects them to appear

on the table the same day as they are

ordered and if the fruit is sour and

seedy the berry market loses a friend

and the demand for blackberries at

that market is apt to be correspond-

ingly reduced. The quart box is the

best package for marketing the black-

berry. Some grocers seem to object

to the paper box which has been used

by some growers. These boxes usually

cost less money than the wooden boxes

but when the fruit is held for several

days they are apt to stain through with

the juice of the berry and not make a

good appearance on the market. This

trouble will doubtlessly be overcome

in the Iuture and a paper box devised

which will be a satisfactory shipping

At present the cost of pack-





package.





 





Thorough Cultivation is Necessary for Good Results in Blackberry Growing.





thriving in the swamp near your heme.

Doubtlessly they will be in a sunny





- fence corner at the edge of the woods





in a rich moist loam. In planting the

berry in the home garden, while a spe-

cial soil is not an exact requirement,

the conditions under which the black-

berry thrives in the wild state should

be conformed with as nearly as 'pos-

sible.



The best method of preparing the



soil is to plow in the fall and allow the

frost to assist in breaking down the

rough lumps which will liberate a cer-

tain. amount of fertility. In the spring

a disk barrow and a drag can be used

to fit the soil for the young plants. In

setting out the plants five feet apart

in rows seven feet apart will probably

be the best. Some growers advocate

setting the plants four feet apart in

eight-foot rows as the plants reach out

quite a distance and eight feet gives

more room between the rows for cul-

tivation.



Pruning the Blackberry.



Blackberry canes live for two years

and at the end of the second year all

of the old canes must be cut out and

burned to give the room to the new

growth which will bear fruit. The first

year the canes should be pinched back

when they reach two feet in length.

This causes other shoots to start and

makes a strong vigorous plant with a

large fruiting surface. The principal

is about the same as pruning the peach,

you wish to make a low-headed plant

with plenty of fruit-producing area.



During the second year the pinching

back is necessary when the canesare

about three feet in length. Next to

harvesting the fruit, pruning is one of

the most important features of the





 





berry business and sharp,





well-oiled





ages consumes quite a large amount of

the berry grower’s profits.



The two principal diseases to com-

bat are the cane blight and anthrac-

nose.

fect on the cane blight and the best

method of control is to use plants that

are guaranteed to be free from the dis-

ease, and then plant them on ground

which has not been used as a black-

berry or raspberry patch for several

years. All infected canes should be

cut out and immediately burned. Heal-

thy plants and a short rotation will as-

sist in controlling the anthracnose, but

spraying is inefficient. You can im-

mediately tell anthracnose from the

purplish spots on the canes which lat-

er become sunken and gray and also

from small spots which may appear on

the leaves, affecting the petioles and

the veins. The cane blight is a wilt

disease which causes the young canes

to wilt and’ die and can be detected by

the general wilted appearance of the

plant.



Generally speaking, there seems to

be an excellent local market for the

blackberry in many sections where it

is not raised on a scale large enough

to mean an over-supply. In spite of

the diseases which sometimes occur,

the blackberry is hardy and will stand

a great deal of hardship. It is a plant

that responds well to simple methods

of pruning and general culture and

should be found at least in small quan-

tities in every home fruit garden.



Ingham 00. R. G. KIRBY.





DRESSING PRUNING WOUNDS OF

FRUIT TREES. '





 





r Experiments were started by the

New York Station in 1911 and conducts





Spraying has so far had no of».





 





semisolid,





ed for four years to determine whether.

any coverings are necessary for the

wounds of trees, as well as the effect

on the trees of various substances used

in treating wounds. The trees used in

the experiments were apples and

peaches and ,the substances used as

coverings were white lead, white zinc,

yellow ochre, coal tar, shellac, and

avenarious carbolineum. The dress-

ings were applied when the pruning

was done at differenc seasons of the

year andupon wounds of various ages.



From the results of this experiment

as a whole, it is concluded that the

dressings commonly applied to pruning

wounds retard rather than accelerate

the healing of the wounds. The effects

are the same whether the dressings

are applied when the wounds are made

or some weeks later, when the cut sur-'

face has dried out. The effect of the

dressings used are so injurious to

peach wood that wounds on peach

trees should never be covered. For

sprayed orchards at least. it appears

unnecesary to apply dressings to

wounds under four or five inches in

diameter to prevent the entrance of

fungi. It remains to be proved wheth-

er dressings have any real value in

covering large wounds. The injury

caused by dreSsings probably offsets

or even overbalances any possible pro-

tection against decay.



Of the materials used, shellac was

the least injurious and seemed to exert

a. stimulating influence upon wounds

for the first season. Shellac adhered

to the wounded surfaces least well of

all. Aveuari'us carbolineum and yel-

low ochre caused so much injury that

they should never be used as dress-

ings. Coal tar in addition to causing

injury, disappeared rapidly, either

through absorption or evaporation.

Tissues injured by using white lead

and white zinc practically recovered

from the injury by the end of the sea-

son. 0f the protective substances us-

ed, white lead is considered the best





 





Don’t apply lime-sulphur and arse«

nate of lead during a spell of, extreme.

ly hot, bright weather; it is liable to

cause serious burning.





Don’t fall to clean the machine thor~

oughly after each spraying; it saves

much trouble when the time comes for

the next application.



Don’t think that spraying alone will

insure good fruit; pruning and culti-

vetion are equally essential.





 





TRANSPLANTING BUSHY PLANTS.





 





Some gardens produce few vegeta-

bles of fine quality because of care-

lessness in setting out young plants

from the hot-bed. We follow a simple

method which has never failed to pro-

duce good results. We do not think

it advisable under most conditions to

set out tiny, spindling seedlings. By

the time the garden is well prepared

the hot—bed plants are large and sturdy;

sometimes the tomatoes are in bloom

if spring is late, and they may be

transplanted as safely as tiny plants,

ripening fruit for early summer use.



The best~times to transplant are

when the sky is cloudy and the air

cool; late in the afternoon if weather

is clear; just prior to a rain, or soon

after a rain. If the sky is clear and

the air warm plant in the evening and

keep the plants shielded from the sun

by paper sacks or leaves for at least

twenty-four hours.



When removing the seedlings from

the hot-bed keep as much of the dirt

adhering to the roots as possible. It

is well to puddle them immediately if

the roots have not much earth on

them. If there is plenty of dirt on

them moisten it. It is important that

the roots be kept moist for the exam-1

sion of the air. Remove the plants to

the garden right away and plant as

quickly as possible before the plants

begin to wilt.



In transplanting large plants they

should be set deep, preferably three or

four inches deep, where the soil is
. APRIL 15, 1916.





moist. It is well to water the plants,

but it should be poured into the .- hole

made for the plants before filling with

dirt, then pulverized soil filled in and

firmed with the fingers about the

stocks of the stems. If the plants are

watered afterward it should not be

done while the sun is shining, else the

soil will bake and form a crust about

the plants. if the plants are very

bushy or top-heavy it is advisable to

stake them. °





Plants that have a great deal of fol- .

iage, such as tomatoes and peppers, ' '





will do better if they are pruned a lit—

tle. This may be done by. pinching. or

snipping off some of the' lower branch-

es and cutting back a few of the long-

er branches. However, they should not

be pruned too severely or they will be-

come stunted in growth. If there are

many blooms pinch off a few of them

also.



Large seedlings that have been in

the ground several days will resist the

blighting influence of frost much bet-

ter than small ones. In case they

should be frosted, keeping them pro-

tected from the sun will aid greatly in

saving them. Paper sacks may be

used for this purpose; when opened

they will slip down well over the fol-

iage. Another method that often

proves effective is to pour cold water

on them before the sun strikes them.



Indiana. J. L. JUSTICE.





TROUBLE DEPARTMENT.





 





Control of Insects and Diseases.



I would like to ask you to publish

the spraying laws of the state of Mich-

igan, as this part of the state is now

badly infested by fungous diseases and

the oyster shell bark louse. Some farm~

ers claim that there is a law which

compels them to spray their orchards.



Menominee Co. M. N.



As the laws related to the control of

fruit insects and diseases are too long

for us to give them space, we would

suggest that you write Prof. L. R. Taft,

East Lansing, Mich., for a free copy of

them.



Briefly, the law is that injurious in-

sects or contagious diseases should be

treated by the owner of the trees

which same attack. If the owner fails

to do this, the township inspectors can

go in and destroy the trees or treat

the trouble, as they see fit, and have

the expense of doing the work spread

as a tax upon the property. There is

rarely any attention given to neglect

in treating fungous diseases, because

they are not considered serious diseas-

es. Neglect with reference to the care

of little peach yellows or the blight

would be liable under this law. All of

the scale insects also come under the

inspection laws, but the other common

fruit insects such as codling moth and

curculio, have thus far not been given

much attention.



Girdled Trees.



As we have a young orchard of trees

that are two years of age, this winter

the wild rabbits peeled the bark from

them, and I would like to know what

will keep them from dying.



Sanilac Co. J. B.





If the injury to your trees is not >





very serious, that is, if the bark has

not been taken off entirely around the

tree, the best way to treat these gird-

led wounds would be to cut away all

of the loose bark and then thoroughly

paint over with a liberal amount of

pure white lead and oil, having the

mixture quite thick.



If the rabbits have girdled the trees

for more than an inch or two all the

way around the trees, the only way

the trees can be saved is to bridge

graft them. This is done by taking

twigs of the past season’s growth, and

after sharpening each end, inserting

them in small holes on each side of the

girdled part. The twigs should be a

little longer than the distance between

the two holes.



In order to protect the grafts from

the weather, the places at which the

twigs or cions are inserted should be

covered with grafting wax. On two-

year-old trees, about two grafts to the





 





 





“II" ’/





Prizes

Amount-

ing to





$3000





 





ing the land and weighing the Crops.





. today.

figures and pictures of the great crops.





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII’O





v





 





 





IN CASH





Thirty farmers have received $3000 in cash for the

largest 30 crops of wheat, corn and potatoes, grown on our





 





fertilizers exclusively, under severe restrictions as to measur-

Here are the results:





AVERAGE YIELDS

10 Prize Winners 321.3 hush. per acre





BEST YIELDS

Potatoes . 375 hush. per acre

Com . . 115 hush. per acre 10 Prize Winners

Wheat 59.86 bush. per acre 10 Prize Winners





The crop shown in the photograph was good but not good enough to win a prize.





HOW DID THEY DO IT? Send for our contest book





We send ‘it free to any address





The American Agricultural Chemical Co. a...)

| CLEVELAND, CINCINNATI, DETROIT

'llIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII‘





7.519 '





   





\ Illll’





 





I!"





96.74 bush. per acre

48.50 bush. per one





It gives all facts and





OlllllllllIIIIIIIIII‘IIIII‘IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII





 





. Our New Catalog Tells the Whole Story

WRITE TODAY FOR A‘ COPY





Every Rawlelgh Englne is tested on brake to pull 15 % MORE than its rated

H. P.. continuously. _Rawlelgh Engines use gasolene. kerosene, distillate or gas; 4 cycle;

make and break Ignltlon; contact pomts can be cleaned while running; cylinders cast sep-

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to size; malleable connecting rod: drop forged crank. ground to mirror



finish. The best made'and finest finished engine on the market. You can



not buy a better engine at ANY price. Buy direct from a, manufacturer



of KNOWN responsibility. The Rawlelgh engine is backed by a. man-



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chandising experience. and resources of nearly four million dollars.





Read These Prices





1 }5 H. P.825.70 ' i

2% H. P. 38.90





 





Cash Too-day bank

deposit. Airhole

year opay, you

Wish





7 III P. 96.85 $- '

-77 9HOP0139065 // “I

. . . 4f Fselelppoi'iifil. (iiiiitii- .r. RA on

\ wan . . or bank deposit ‘35:.” .wlggfi

RAWLEIGH MANUFACTURING COMPANY , 413 Taylor Ava,F|-eeport, lll.





teed Potatoes





 





 





From'the cream of Michigan's Potato Bolt.

Dusty Rurals and Million Dollars, .65 per 150 lb. sack.

.0. B. this station. Order now for pring delivery. Cash

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'11





 





tree would be suflicient.





 





EDWARD HAMLYN. Coral. Mich.





 





 





 





 





Cheap

Copper Sulphate





can no longer be had but growers of Potatoes.

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to Bordeaux mixture as it is cheaper and easier

to use and equally effective. 1 gallon makes

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B. G. Pratt Company

Dept. 22 '





50 Church St. New York





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Agricultural Lime





Northern Hydrated Lime and Pulvvrized Lime-

Stone, also pulverizwl burned lime. all made from

high calcium limestone. Guaranteed to be the

best on the market. Your inquiries solicited.

Samples furnished on request.





Northern Lime 00., Petoskey, Mich.





—

-You .should get the highest grade

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it upon the basis of analysis. We





manufacture the hi heat. glide pul-



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Let us prove it. Ask for sample and analysis.

CAMPBELL STONE 00.. Indian Rlvor. Mloh





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BOXES AND SEEDS.





Send for free catalo . d‘ ' t l .

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If you are not personally acquainted With the best

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Market the Hill





Raise your calves

and get the bigger

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feed the calf whole milk.

with bu ttcr tat worth

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You can sell all

the mother cow’s

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make your calf pa 3’

you a big profibon

its feed,by raisinglton





[Blatchford’s Calf Meat





11:. Iocorllud Hill: I ll

You I 100 lions o “(h milk feed “00: 100 pounds of

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3 Call ”en! In new 0! fire sip-Inna

eh. you“ n In the trying period of its life'

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young pigs at weaning time. with?“ setback or aflingfl.

Writs of for our co

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RAISE

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T HE "Mien I can 'FARM'E'R





Go“ 51°“ Bur Right





What is the value of skim-milk per





age market value for such pigs? We

are wondering if we can sell our cream

and feed the skim-milk on the farm

and get greater returns than we now

receive by selling all the milk to the

local condensary. All our capital is

invested in cows, all our rotations are

planned for the dairy business, but the

price paid does not equal the cost of

production. Perhaps you can suggest

some other turn for us or some way to

reduce the cost of production, so I

will give a little statement of our oper-

ations. We have about 25 cows and





. ‘ about 225 acres of land. We feed two





bushels of silage for each cow per day.

One feeding, seven pounds, of alfalfa

and one feeding, six pounds, of second

growth clover and half a bundle of

cornstalks.



We use a set of spring scales for





HE food value of 100 pounds of



skim-milk depends upon the val-



ue of other feeding stuffs. That

is, if corn is worth 80 cents per bushel

skim-milk would be worth more, or

have greater value than where corn

was worth no more than 60 cents per

bushel. Not that the milk in the first

instance would produce more growth,

but that it would cost more to pur-

chase grain to take its place.



Prof.‘Henry in his work on feeds

and feeding averages the value of

skim-milk at about 25 cents per 100

pounds. Of course, in numerous in-

stances much more than this can be

realized for it. But under average

conditions probably the farmer does

not realize more than this amount.



The Value of Skim-milk.



Very much depends on what is fed

with skim-milk, that is the other foods

in the ration. Skim-milk is rich in

protein and has a narrow nutritive ra<

tio. It is very valuable to feed with

corn or hominy but not very valuable

to feed with wheat middlings. It is

not a good food to feed alone. A grow-

ing young animal should have a ration

composed of carbohydrates and protein





. in the proportion of four or five parts





of the former to one. of the latter.

Skim-milk contains the proportion of

2:1 so when fed alone there is a great

waste of protein, the high-priced in-

gredient of food. There is where the

great trouble comes in the average

farmer feeding skim-milk. He doesn’t

use judgment in balancing the ration.

With young growing calves or pigs it

is possible to get as high as 50 cents

per 100 pounds value out, of skim-milk,

but as I say, it is doubtful if, on the

average, more than 25 cents is realized

and oftentimes not that much.

Personally I never liked the idea of

selling the whole milk off the farm.

The condensaries and the market milk

people do not allow the farmer enough

for the skim-milk. It is worth more

to feed to calves and pigs. When

cream or butter is sold and the skim-





El milk properly fed, the waste of fertil-





ity is reduced to a minimum. This is

well worth considering in America

from now on, because one's success,

to a great extent, is measured by the

amount of manure at his command.

And the truths of this principle will

appear of more and more importance

as the years go by. But sometimes it

pays best to sell milk. It all depends

on the price. Usually, however, there

is not much difference. At least the

men who offer the price or fix the price

do not calculate there will be much

difference. They all figure on the

same basis—butter~fat. Even the

cheese man figures the price to be

paid for milk on the profitable price

for butter. Butter is the great mar-

ket for a large part of our milk. The

condensary, the cheese factory, the

market milk man all figure the price of

milk on the butter value. Whether

they can afford to ”pay more for it or

not, they do not intend to pay very

much more, at least only enough to

get what they want for their several

purposes. They know the balance of

the milk must go into butter. To—be





sure, there is a much greater demand





for milk for these purposes now than





 





100 pounds if fed to pigs at an aver- th





‘ APRIL 15, 1916‘.





Dairying for Profit





weighing the milk from each cow so

at we can tell how much grain to

feed each cow. Each cow gets one

pound of grain for every four pounds

of milk. The cows that give less than

10 pounds per milking are given no

grain unless dry, when they are given

the home mixture.



Our home mixture consists of about

equal parts by weight of cats, corn on

the cob, and wheat, which grew in the

field, plus a commercial mixture con-

taining 50 per cent carbohydrates, six

per cent fat, seven per cent fibre, 24

per cent protein. The dry cows get

the home mixture only. The first two

pounds of grain are from the home

mixture, morning and night. The bal-

ance for the cows that are worth it is

taken from the‘bin of commercial feed.

Myself and one man spend most of

our time doing chores.



SUBSCRIBER.





ever before, but the dairymen keep



putting on'more cows and providing

more milk, and must sell it.

Prices Vary Little.



The farmer gets just about as much





.for his milk, whether it is made into





butter or cheese, or condensed. The

price does vary a little temporarily,

but soon swings back to even condi-

tions. If the price of cheese is unus-

ually high more milk will go to cheese

and bring the price lower, and so on.

There is nothing to prevent manufac-

turers from producing cheese, or but-

ter or condensed milk, and they change

about as the market dictates, thus

keeping the price fairly uniform for

the different milk products.



Now, whether it will pay our dis-

couraged friend better to sell cream

than to sell milk is all a question of

what he gets for his milk and what he

can get for cream. This important

factor he does not give and no one

can give him trustworthy advice. On

the general market for a series of sev-

eral years he will find but little differ-

ence in the value of his product.



Of course, special markets can be

developed for milk, butter and cheese

in which good profits can be made, but

only a small number of farmers are

situated so as to develop such a mar-

ket to advantage.



Things to Consider.



There are a great many things to

think about in the dairy business, and

unless one reasons well he is liable to

find out after a while that he has

made a mistake and that he might

better have let well enough alone. It

seems to me that selling cream is the

best kind of dairy farming. I don’t

think on the average one gets much

more out of his cows, perhaps not so

much as a cash asset; but for a series

of years, when you take cost of pro-

duction, cost of marketing, cost of fer-

tility, etc, into consideration it is the

best; kind of dairy farming to tie to,

but many do not agree with me. They

look at things differently. They are

after the quick dollar and consider the

future when they have to.



I can not criticize the discouraged

dairyman's way of feeding. He is cer-

tainly doing that important job in a.

Very intelligent way. He is not satis-

fied with his income from his farm.

Twenty-five cows to 225 acres, where

it is run as a dairy farm, is not cows

enough. He should keep more. He is

not into the dairy game deep enough.

He wants 50 cows and more hired

men, and still more. If grain farming

is practical in connection with dairy-

ing that is different. If he grows large

areas of potatoes or other cash crops

in connection with the 25-cow dairy,





\well and good, but 25 cows for 225





acres where cows are. the only source

of income, is not working at high

enough pressure. The income is too

low for the investment.



COLON C. LILLIE.





HOME-GROWN VS. PURCHASED

PROTEIN FEEDS.





 





The fact that dairy grains have in«

creased 70 per cent in cost and dairy

products increased only 39 percent in

the past 15 years, means that any in-
APRIL 15, 1916. .



crease'in the price of feeds commonly

used in the dairy naturally causes the

dairy'man to seek some substitute for

purchased feeds which will enable him

to produce milk at less cost. There

are many crops which can be success-

fully grown and made into hay, as al-

falfa, crimson clover, oats and peas,

cowpeas and soy beans, which are very

rich in that important nutrient, pro-

tein, and which will in a large meas-

ure take the place of fine feeds in bal-

ancing a ration for the farm herd.





In this respect the recent experi-

ment carried on in New Jersey gives

an excellent basis for comparison. In

order to make a practical study of the

economy of substituting home-grown

feeds for purchased protein, three feed-

ing experiments, each of about a

month’s duration, were carried out

with milch cows. The home-grown

feeds used were alfalfa hay, crimson

clover, and cowpea silage; the pur-

chased feeds, wheat bran, dried brew-

ers’ grains, and cottonseed meal. In

every case the‘ lots compared contain-

ed two cows, and the rations were so

arranged that practically the same

amount of protein was supplied to

each lot.



In the first test the ration of home—

grown feeds, which was made up of 13

pounds of alfalfa hay and 30 pounds of

corn silage, proved both practical and

economical when fed in comparison

with a ration’ in which over two-thirds

of the protein was derived from wheat

bran and brewers’ grains. This latter

ratibn produced 4.15 per cent more

milk and 4.16 per cent more butter

than did alfalfa, the fat content.of the

milk being the same in each case.





Milk was produced more cheaply on

the home-grown ration, the cost being

59.9 cents per 100 pounds while for

purchased feeds it was 83.9. On the

basis of this test it was calculated that

when mixed hay (timothy and red-top)

sells for $16 per ton, and wheat bran

can be purchased for $26 per ton, and

dried brewers’ grains for $20 per ton,

alfalfa hay is worth $25 per ton as a

substitute for mixed hay, wheat bran,

and dried brewers’ grains, fed in the

proportion indicated above.





The second home-grown ration was

composed of 16.4 pounds or crimson

clover and 30 pounds of corn silage,

and proved of practical value from the

feeder’s standpoint, since it reduced

the cost of milk 18.3 cents per 100

pounds when fed in comparison with a

ration in which the protein was largely

supplied in the form of wheat bran

and dried brewers’ grains. Although

18.1 per cent more milk was produced

on the purchased ration, the profit was

$1.10 per cow per month greater on

the home-grown ration.



In the third test a home-grown ra~

tion made up of 36 pounds of cowpea

silage, and 10 pounds of crimson clover

hay, and six pounds of corn-and-cob

meal, costing 17 cents per cow per day

produced as much milk and butter as

a. ration in which two-thirds of the pro-

tein was supplied by dried brewers’

grains and cottonseed meal, costing

18 Cents.



The results are significant in show-

ing that a ration composed of home-

grown crops, though costing nearly as

much (when the crops are figured at

prevailing market prices), may be ful-

ly equal as a milk producer to a ration

in which the protein is-largely supplied

by purchased feeds. Home-grown

crops were utilized in the dairy at a

greater profit than could have been

realized by selling them at the market

price.



The purchase of concentrated feeds

rich in protein may be more profitable

from the standpoint of the main-

tenance of soil fertility, for if all the

milk sold from the farm is obtained

from foods grown on the farm, the ex-

haustion of the nitrogen would be in

greater proportion than the mineral

elements, making it necessary to sup-

ply nitrogenous fertilizers in order to

maintain the fertility. When the ma-

nure is well cared for and properly





 





used, it is more economical to pur-

chase the nitrogen in the form of feed-

ing stuffs whose extra cost would be

returned in increased production re-

sulting from the use of well-balanced

rations._ The dairy farmer should aim

to produce as many of the principal

ingredients entering into his profitable

dairy ration as is possible, for the

greatest profit is obtained by using the

most efficient and economical method.

New York. EARL W. GAGE.





DAIRY PROBLEMS.





 





Build a Silo.





Would it be advisable in starting

dairying with 10 to 15 grade cows, to

build a silo? Would it be alright to

breed dairy cows to a Red Poll bull so

one could use them as beef cattle too,

or would it be better to use a Holstein

and not use them for beef?



Osceola Co. SUBSCRIBER.





' If you keep cattle, whether for dairy



or beef, you need a silo to save the

full feeding value of your corn crop.

And if you keep cattle you should grow

corn because you can produce more

cattle food to the acre than with any

other crop.



The Red Polled cattle are true dual-

purpose cattle, fairly good for both

milk or beef. There are some splen-

did Red Polled cows. Not as large a

per cent of the heifer calves, however,

will make good cOws with this breed

as will the Holsteins. The same is

true about beef. Red Polls are from

beef cattle but not from a distinct

beef type like Herefords.



You can sell your surplus Holsteins

for beef, everybody does, and they

make fairly good beef. The choice

cuts, like rib roasts and porterhouse

steaks, are not as large as with cattle

of better beef conformation. But the

meat is good, and they will make good

growth for the food consumed.



Udder Permanently Injured.





I have a heifer that injured a teat

to such an extent that I dried up that

quarter of her udder. In the process

the quarter became swollen and 'hard

and finally it broke open, ulcer like, in

two places. After discharging it heal-

ed up nicely. \Vill this quarter be-





come normal when she freshens

again?

Oceana Co. J. E. V.





One can never be sure of a case like

this. Sometimes nature works won-

derful cures. But I should not expect

that milk would again be secreted by

this quarter of the udder. If she is an

extra good dairy heifer she may be a

profitable cow with only three good

quarters to her udder. There are some

splendid cows that only give milk

from three teats. Here nature seems

to try to make amends and the three

sound quarters make up for the lost

one. If she is a good heifer, I would

keep her another year anyway, and

see what the results are.



Mixed Hay for Roughage.





Please advise me in regard to feed-

ing my cows. All the feed I have now

is mixed hay, clover and timothy, and

plenty of good corn. I can buy pre-

pared feed for $1.90 per cwt; bran,

$1.45; oil meal, $2.10, and cottonseed

meal at $2.10. Would you advise me to

sell the corn and buy the prepared





feed?



Oakland Co. A. L. D.



Plenty of mixed hay makes a good

food for roughage, but, of course, you

should have ensilage for a succulent

food.



I would not advise selling the corn

unless you have more than you can

use. But buy wheat bran and mix

with corn meal and oil meal. Mix inl

proportion of 200 pounds of corn meal

(chop), 200 pounds of wheat bran and

100 pounds of oil meal. Then feed one |

pound of grain for every three or four

pounds of milk produced. As you have

no succulent feeds I believe it would

pay to feed some beet pulp. Wet the

pulp at noon and feed at night. Feed

the equivalent of three pounds of dried

pulp in place of three pounds of other

feed. ‘ '



Cottonseed meal at same price of oil

meal furnishes protein for less money

but it is not as good a feed, especially

where you do not have a succulent

feed in the ration. COLON C. LILLIE.





 





‘





i





 





 

 





TH-OE'M'ICHIGAN FARMFR

.I l ITI I I





> A fixed-feed separator may





 





9——521

Illlllllll





I

,I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

9’!!!“ A: | =

. r :.



WI] V: i

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I

in

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>-

I

Tom—You’re not turning as fast as Dad does, Mary. .



Mary—No Tom, but we’ll get all the cream any way 1

with this lovely new machine. Dad says I

6‘ 9’ I

It Skims Clean at Any Speed I

That’s what this marvelous new invention actually does. I



. skim clean if in perfect order



and turned at just the right speed. But every member I





of the family turns the crank at a different rate; no one

can maintain an even speed all the time—it isn’t human

Every old type separator has an unchanging

That’s why it loses cream when not

turned at exactly the right speed.





nature.

inflow of milk.





THE





2 SHARPLES





$UCTION’FEED





Separator gets all the cream because it automatically regu.

lates the inflow exactly in proportion to the separating force

—always just right for perfect skimming.





The Suction-feed Separator delivers smooth cream of





even thickness that churns

quality.

density.





You can increase the capacity of the Suction-feed by





simply turning faster, and get





The new Sharples is the only Separator that can be hasten-

ed. You can easily pour milk from a forty-quart can into

the low supply can. It’s the largest found on any separator





—and it’s only knee-high.





The women folks prefer the Sharples because the simple

tubular bowl is so easily cleaned. Has only three pieces

—no disks to wash or to get mixed 'up. The tubular shape





gives double skimming force.





The new Sharples is ruggedly built for hard service.

is neat, compact, runs easily and oils itself.





This wonderful machine will earn you a new dairy

profit—without added expense.

“Velvet” for Dairymen, fully describes the Suction-feed.

Your copy is ready. Send for it today. Address Dept. 18.





The Sharples





Also Sharples Mlkers and Gasoline Engines





West Chester





Chicago San Francisco





Over 5 000,000 rods Brown





Fence already sold to 400,000





farmers. Factory Prices.

FreightPl-epmd. 150 nylon

Illc por rod up. Gates and



Steel Poets, too! Write postal.

TH! BROWN PING! In WIII 00.

_ 00.1.49 . - - ammonia





 





If you sell cream you can guarantee uniform





NEW





out more butter of choicest





through quicker if in a hurry.





It





Our new free book,





Separator Co.





Pennsylvania





Portland Toronto





 





'\ Penny Postal Brlnzs Book of





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





\ Fence Facts

Before you buy 'r‘ Direct from fac-

am] fence, get tory—frei ht

this. valn- re aid. ve

able book. 8e er profits.

Empire. Fence

Big No. 9 Wires. Thousands write

open_hearth steel 1: h a t it outlasta

heawly galvanized. » everything else.

Iond Stool Foot 0o. -_ 15E Memo 82.. Milan. MU.





 





 





 





Mention Mlchlgan Farmer when writing it alverlltm
APRIL15. 1918.





 





War or no war, these labels mean





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You know that the great world- -war has sent prices sky-high. But





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Style plus perfect fit (for every man of every build)





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Style plus guarant





newspa rs for advertisements of the nearest





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wear (a written guarantee with every Slyleplus)

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HENRY SONNEBORN a CO., Inc. Founded 1849 Baltimore, Md.





Styleplus

Clothes





1117





 





“What's lime





ToAfiOg?





 





That’s what a fellow said when a

stranger suggested a way of saving 5;



time in fattening his hogs. To most

of us, our own time is worth something. We don't want to

waste it doing unnecessary work—especially work we have to

do 365 days in the year, like washing the cream separator bowl.





If you are using a separator that has any more discs than the Sanitary

Milwaukee, you are wasting time-—every day. 'The Sanitary Milwaukee





has half as many discs as other separators.





SAN/my

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discs are easier to wash, be-

cause grease and impurities _

do not stick to aluminum.





They’re as smooth as glass, no holes or raised bosses—as easy to wash

as a coffee cup. You don’t have to keep them in numbered rotation nor

take them off the bowl core on a wire holder. You can really wash—not





mrebv rinse them.





Before you buy your separator write for our new catalog and

learn how the Sanitary Milwaukee will save you time and work.





MILWAUKEE SEPARATOR MFG. CO"





243 Madison St.. Milwaukee. Wis.





 





 





FOR 1151; YOUR

HEAVY WORK





You have scores of things dailv to be hoisted. low-

ered 01 hauled, such as unloading hav or grain.

h; 1111i11gtin1hers. elevating ice. drhing feum posts,

loading or unloading (-10 ii fertilizer. machi n1 1y

fruit. 111. Let, us help vou s; no money, work an



t\\u- thirds of your time with 1111





Ireland Geared Hoist





Operates safelyandeaslly. 8 la] pulley

for \our engine. Guarantee every way.

Write for hoist cit-culm—

also about our dra saws

wood saws. saw mils and

shingle mills. f





lreland Machllls 81. Foundry (:0.

L” Stats 31., Norwich. N. I.





   

 





 





 





 





50 )eys' Trial





Ellis Eng-inq are sold on

3) days’ free trial and guar-

anteed for ten years. Run

on gasoline, kerosene or

other ch fuel oils. Bin-



le ble cylindm





1:111. an. em 2913 1.11.111 3.11.121. 1.11.11.11.11.

WANTED—Ali muszépmv; email-w“





 





 





your Momma tom-21b ring“ th Write for

anti and ow to get your PW

and Your RANDOLPH & PAT T





ATTORNEYS. 3PT. 6']. WASHINGTON, D. 0.





When writing to advertiser please mention





 





The Michigan Farmer.





Guaranteed

Capacity





Easy to Keep Clean





MADE of highest grade steel plate-





tinned and detinned after rivet holes



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Guaranteed capacity—each Statues Cars

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sures accuracy

Cans are built with the expo-





Alkv

Write for catalog No.

Buses £3.an

W138





 





The Milk Inspection Problem





By FLOYD W. ROBISON.





UBLIC opinionand judicial inter-

pretation of the law alike con-

cede that it is the consumer’s es~



timate of the intrinsic merit of any

article that should be the measure of

the degree of perfection of that article.

The courts have decided that any man-

ufacturer of foods makes those pro-

ducts at his own peril. The old legal

maxim, “Caveat emptor,” or, “Let the

buyer beware,” has been relegated to

the background and the responsibility

of the manufacturer or producer of

food products has been decidedly em-

phasized in our modern business deal-

ings.



It is unquestionably true that the

lack of a sulficient appreciation of

their responsibility in the production

and marketing of milk has made it nec-

essary for the consumers to protect

themselves by legislation which pro-

vides for the appointment and main-

tenance of a corps of inspection ofli-

cials whose duty it is to pass upon the

wholesomeness of any milk products

which are offered for sale.



Sanitary Inspection of Source of Pro-

duction is Desirable.



In the interests of sanitation the in-

spectors of the state dairy and food de-

partment are empowered by law to en-

ter into any place where food mate-

rials are produced, manufactured or

stored, with the express purpose of as-

certaining if any unsanitary conditions

exist thereon. Local boards of health

in the various cities are vested by the

statutes of their city with authority to

prescribe regulations under which milk

may be sold in their particular com-

munity. For the purpose in hand the

city official loses his official power

when he sets foot beyond the corporate

limits of his city. He is tolerated on

the dairy farm simply because the

dairyman realizes that it is to his ad-

vantage to secure a favorable market

for his product, to give the inspector

access to his premises.



Courts are Beginning to Consider the

Purpose Sought.



There has always been a question in

our mind of the strict legality of this

proceeding; whether a city milk in-

spector has any authority in law to

refuse to permit the sale of milk with-

in the city on the ground solely that

the farm from which the milk is

brought has not been inspected by the

city milk inspector.-



However, on this point, in View of

the interests at, stake by the consum-

er, the courts are ever inclined to be

exceedingly liberal in their interpre-

tation of the law and when no hard-

ship is shown; when no arbitrary ac-

tion is taken by the city milk inspec-

tor; when there can be no reasonable

ground for protest on the part of the

dairyman, the courts are not likely to

intertere simply to pass upon the ab-

stract legality of a proceeding which

it is conceded works no injury to the

producer and at the same time does in-

sure a certain measure of protection

to the consumer.



Our consideration of this problem,

then, should be a consideration involv-

ing abuses, and we might say that the

question would ne‘ver arise did not

abuses occur.



Inspectors have gone into the coun-

try and have concerned themselves

many times with very minute and ab-

surd details of the construction of the

dairy barn or the construction of the

milk house; in other words, have con-

cerned themselves with methods and

not results. The consumer in the city

is not interested primarily in the num-

ber of windows in a farmer’s cow

barn; neither is he interested in the

exact location of the milk house. He

is interested in the degree of excel-

lence which pertains to the milk which

is produced on that farm and very

vitally interested on that point.



The Evolution of Inspection.





A word of explanation should be ‘





 





here given as to the way in which this

modern system of inspection has

grown up. The experience of execu-

tive officials charged with the enforce-

ment of laws on sanitation, and the ex«

perience of dairy experts likewise, has

demonstrated that the evils accruing

to the dairy business have been caused

principally by the dairymen who have

operated a one, two or three-cow dairy,

It will be obvious, we think, that this

is not necessarily always the case. It”

is possible for a man who operates a

one, two or three-cow dairy to observe

the same degree of cleanliness, the

same precautions in the handling of

the milk that are observed on the large

dairy farms, but if the vast majority

of cases gives one a right to lay down

a general rule, then the statement is

correct that it is the one, two or three-

cow dairy which has Seriously inter-

fered with the production of clean,

high-grade milk upon these small unit

farms. Generally speaking, the small

unit farmer has not sufficient capital

at his command to make it possible for

him to install the equipment and the

facilities in his barn which makes easy

the production of sanitary milk. At

the same time, he is usually the man

who, having had limited means at his

command throughout his life has not

had an opportunity to become familiar

with the accepted means of combating

the agencies which work against the

production of high-grade milk. These

conditions prevailed in former years

to a much greater extent than they do

now. The agricultural press has dis-

seminated the up-to—date information

on dairying to such an extent that

there are now few dairymen even op

erating small units who have not a

pretty clear appreciation of the means

which must be adopted to secure an

article of food acceptable to the com

sumer. Consequently the progressive

dairy educators of the country have

realized that perhaps the very greatest

progress in general through the pro-

duction of a clean, acceptable milk for

city milk consumption can be brought

about, not by the inspection of the

milk itself, solely, but by carrying the

matter on to the individual farm and

attempting to enthuse the farmer and

convince him that by instituting cer-

tain changes which will provide a bet-

ter system of grooming the cows,

cleaning the stable and ventilating it,

screening it and building it on a plan

whereby its surroundings can be made

more sanitary, it would make matters

easier for him to produce the type of

milk which the consumer demands in

the city.



The Evils of Political Appointment.



Through the educational campaign

which has been carried on through the

press and by word of mouth from our

more progressive dairy educators a

great degree of harmony and tolera-

tion of the other’s point of view has

grown up between the city consumer

and the rural milk producer. Unfortu.

nately with our progress in other lines

we have not been able to separate or

divorse the business of the country

from politics. The farmers of the coun‘

try who have been so influential in

moulding their opinions in various

types of legislation have not realized

how important it is that the super-

vision of the products which they man~

ufacture or produce should be placed

in hands entirely free from any politi-

cal influences whatsoever. The man

who is empowered by law to pass up-

on an article of food or drink, some

thing which comes to the attention of

every individual in the state, should

not only be a competent man, one who

has made a life study of the work to

which he is called, but at the same

time he should be absolutely free from

any intermingllng of politics. Not only

should be be absolutely free from poll-

tlcs but it should be a requisite of his

(Continued on page 539).





 

 





   

 

 

 





 





.21

l9





or
‘v





Y—r'l.’





 





.i

ll





APRIL 15-, 1916; I





Feeders’ Problems





Grain for Hogs on Alfalfa.



I have about 17 young pigs. I am

going to turn them in a lot of alfalfa

pasture, but I have no corn. I have

oats. What grain can I buy that will

make my pigs do well? What is it

that I see so much in the paper about,

that you call tankage?



Monroe Co. S. P. L.





Extensive experiments conducted at

the Iowa Station last year, using a

large number of hogs and feeding





them in many different ways seemed

to bring out very clearly that a greater

profit will be derived from feeding a

full ration of grain to growing pigs on

alfalfa pasture.



The greatest profit was secured from

hogs fed by what is known as the free-

choice system, using a self-feeder and

permitting them to eat all the grain

they would consume while running on

alfalfa pasture. Something of the pos-

sibilities of this method of feeding are

shown by the fact that after paying a

reasonable charge for the alfalfa pas-

ture, with the gain these hogs made at

a selling price of $7 per cwt., they re-

trned almost $1.00 per bushel for the

corn consumed, or to be exact, 98.5

cents per bushel. This ration may be

improved somewhat by the addition of

a little tankage, which is a high pro-

tein food made from meat scraps,

blood, etc. Under thefree-choice sys-

tem the pigs would eat less than ten

per cent of this feed where fed in a

compartment of the self-feeder.



At first thought, the average farmer

would question the profit in feeding a





 





T HE M1 CH I Gy'A'N ‘F‘A R‘ME‘R





might be enough cheaper "than corn to

-make it a better investment. This is

wholly a local problem, the point be-

ing that the purchase of corn even at

present high prices for the feeding of

hogs on alfalfa is a profitable enter-

prise.

Spring Sown Hog Pasture.



I have five acres of last year’s corn

stubble which I want to furnish me

with pasture for shoats this summer:

Soil is average clay and raises good

general crops. I expect to divide the

five acres into two or three fields.

What shall I sow there to furnish pas~

turage for my hogs and how many

would this spring-sown pasture usually

support? Would barley furnish good

hog pasture? --



Branch Co. F. J. B.





There is no forage plant which will

give us a great quantity of nutritious

green forage for hogs which is adapted

to spring sowing as will dwarf Essex

rape. This may be sown alone at the

,rate of five pounds per acre broadcast,

or in combination with oats and peas,

sowing about one bushel each of these

forage crops. For very early sowing

this mixture of oats, peas ‘and rape

would possibly be advisable. A later

sowing of rape alone will supply mid-

summer pasture and be available when

the first area sown is pastured down.





At the Iowa station it was found

that on productive soil, from 10 to 30

hogs per acre could be pastured on for-

age crops of this kind for several

weeks, according to the size and age

of the pigs. The peas and oats might

be sown on one—half of this area as

early in the spring as is practicable,





 





Good Horses are the Pride of their Owner and are Economy in Farm Work.





full grain ration to growing pigs on

alfalfa pasture. It was found in these

Iowa experiments, however, that the

pigs so fed not only made the largest

gain and the greatest profit and re-

turned the most per acre of alfalfa or

bushel of corn as the case might be,

but that they as well consumed a

greater amount of alfalfa or other for-

age than did pigs fed on a limited

grain ration, this being true for the ob-

vious reason that the pigs grew much

more rapidly and sooner developed in-

to larger hogs with a greater capacity

for the consumption of bulky forage.



Also another advantage in this meth-

od of feeding is that the pigs are de-

veloped more rapidly and will make

market weights and finish much ear—

lier and at a time when pork ordinar-

ily brings a much higher price than it

does later in the season when it may

be finished on the new corn crop. Con-

sequently, if this experimental knowl-

edge is to 'be given the weight which

it merits, when the extent and scope

of the experiment is taken into con-

sideration, it will pay to purchase corn

or other feed to give these pigs a full

grain ration throughout the season

when they are running on the alfalfa

pasture.



As to whether corn or other feeds

are used, everything should depend

upon the price at which same could be

purchased. Oats in large quantities

cannot be used to good advantage in

swine feeding, but barley or salvage

grain or some other available feed





 





and the balance could be kept well

cultivated to kill weeds and be sown

to rape alone a few weeks later to

good advantage.



Fattening up Thin Horses.



What is the best ration for fatten-

ing horses that are thin and run down?

Saginaw Co. SUBSt‘RlllElt.



It is not an easy proposition to fat-

ten up horses which have been winter-

ed in poor condition and at the same

time get good spring work out of

them. The best method would be to

feed a balanced ration of corn and

oats with a little oil meal, with good

clean alfalfa or clover hay, 01‘ mixed

hay if these are not available. A bran

mash once or twice a week and a few

small potatoes, or other roots if they

are available, will help in promoting

good digestion and assimilation and

aid materially in getting these run-

down horses in good condition to do a

fair season’s work. By running them

on grass and continuing a liberal grain

ration after the heaviest of the work

is over, they can be gradually improv-

ed in flesh condition. It is poor econ-

omy to have farm horses so wintered

as to be run—down and thin in flesh

when the season arrives for doing the

spring work.





Catalog Notice.



Eureka Mower Co., Utica, N. Y.,

send upon request a 40-page illustrated

catalog describing their line of potato

machinery, including planters, diggers,

etc” corn planters, weeders, mowers,

e c.





 





 

 





11—523





.NO‘I'E: ' Even after its experience of nearly a century. Case is notcontent to publish adver-

tisements unless based on the very latest authoritative information. 's is one of e series of

messages to formers. prepared after visiting tractor demonstrations. talking to hundreds





farmers. and earning on a national investigation through our sales orgsnizstion end by mail to

find the gas tractor needs of the farmers.





How to Increase

Your Farm Profits





With , a Case Tractor—there’s one

for different sized farms—farmers can now

make their farms pay more. Wages for

men can be lessened. Fewer hungry horses

are needed. More work can be done at any

given time than ever before—a Case tractor

never wearies. It can be kept at work con-

tinuously, without sleeping or resting or

eating. When idle in the winter it costs neither care nor money.





anestigate Case Features





Case tractors are real units of resourceful power, adaptable to all kinds

of farm work. Their motors, as well as every other part, are built spe-

cially for tractor work by Case trained workmen at the Case plants. Back

of Case tractors is an experience recognized in the farm field for 74 years.

Like other Case machinery, our tractors are designed with the utmost sim-

plicity and free-

dom from com-

plicated parts;

for instance, to

get at the main

bearings all you

have to do is to

re m o v e o n e

cover. E v e r y

part is accessi-

ble.Our new gas

tractors are en-

joying the same

enviable rep u-

tation that has

always belong-

‘ ed to Case steam

From an actual photograph of a Case 10—20 rigs,





Case—the Pioneer





Case does no experimenting at the cost of its customers. As early as

1892—.over twenty years ago—Case Engineers built the pioneer gas trac-

tor in America. Since then, this Company has expended hun-



~ dreds of thousands of dollars in experimental

work. so we can come to you now, as we have in

the past. with a proved, dependable machine.





' There is One for Your Farm





Whichever size of Case Tractors is suitable for your

farm, you can bank on its being the best of its kind in

the market, made honestly and conscientiously, to up-

hold our name and fame. There are four sizes, 10-20, 12- z

25, 20—40 and 30-60. In the field and in’our laboratories we

have carried on tests and we know from experience what

is best to incorporate in a tractor. In its class, each Case

tractor is a masterpiece, embodying all the best features §





 





 





 





 





 





.//





M‘ ...,_ , «.‘r—p

Wmm’h’

pf”: . 9' ‘





 





 





 





 





 

   

   

   

   





«are

‘ _

.

I \

.--:.;;.y





 





~_4.;





 





T

. - o‘.

.‘,





and eliminating the troublesome features. Why be

satisfied, then, with lesser quality?

Write today for our catalog.





.l. l. Case Threshing Machine Co. 0)

(Incorporated) Founded 1842 D h

71 2 Erie St., Racine, Wisconsin





The Sign of

Mechanical

Excellence





the World Over





 





 





Leaders in Other Lines of

Agricultural Machinery





Case steam engines, Case threshing machines, . 0



Case road machinery. Case automobiles, and every



Case product is each a dominant factor in its '



own field. Write today for our complete Case Cata-



log. It is an album of information that should be under



the reading lamp in every farm sitting room, It is beauti-



fully printed, with many interesting scenes and reproductions in color. No

farmer should miss having it. Especially when it costs you only one penny fora

postal card to get it. Merely write. “Send me your general machinery catalog."





Wood,or steel with wood lining. They are





‘ STANCHIONS

’ Adjustable to Small Call or Large Cow '





We also make a complete line of Steel Stalls for

cattle or horses; Water Bowls: Cow, Call and Bull

Pens: Feed Trucks and 26 s les of Carriers.



' Ask us about Stanchion No. -it's a winner. STEEL





MITCHELL MFG. C0., 33in§323x'i:‘ia’f'ivisv.°' “Al-l5





 





 





 

 





A romp/eta line at dzfi’rent pater. Strength,

easy to operate, safe and simple locks. The

best of materials are used in all models.





   

 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





Silo Fillers for Gasoline Engine Power





Our Double the Capacity With Less Power and considerably’ Less Speed.

66"] We make Silo Fillers of extra large capac-



ity to meet the special requirements of all

Year silo users. These machines are s ecially





. ‘ designed to be operated by popu ar silo

' Gasoline Engines—(i-S-IO-IZ and 1% H. P.

Tell usth your power is and we Will advme you

what Size Ross Silo Filler you require.



Write for Our Special Proposltlon Today

and state it you intend to buy this year. Early orders

will save you money. "-



The E. W. Ross 00., Box 114, Springfield, Ohio





Use NATCO Drain Tile—Last Forevei"





Farm drainage needs durable tile. Our drain tile are made of

best Ohio clay, thoroughly hard burned. Don’t have to dig 'em up

to be replaced every few years. Write for prices, Sold in cal-load

lots. Also manufacturers of the famous NATCO IMPERISH-

ABLE SILO.‘ Natco Building Tile and Natco Sewer Pipe.





National Fire Proofing Company - 1115 Fulton Building, Pittsburgh. PC.





Buy early and H

save money.





. Guaranteed

for life of machine.





   

 

 

 





   





. . , .

e .1

‘5. Within ,1!
\





l





\





' fie‘flégg’atdof ~l/ci“1249;:020,’ ' @3111}





. Power ll





Few of us have the need or desire for

a racing car.



We are quite content to let the “other

fellow" take his chances at 70 miles

an hour—while we spin along

comfortably and safely with the

speedometer needle registering 25

or 30.



But every man wants Power in his

automobile—and particularly the

farmer.



It is good to sit behind a motor which

responds eagerly— bouyantly —— to

the slightest touch of the throttle.



‘It is good to know that you need only

“step on"-the accelerator—and the

steepest hills will flatten out like

smooth boulevards.



It is good to realize that you command

a vast store of reserve power which

will' easily take you through the

heaviest sand roads “on high."



It is good to know that your automo-

bile is a staunch, sturdy,dependable

help-mate—not a treacherous

weakling that will lay down when

the real work begins.



In a word, it is good to own just such

a car as the five passenger Paige

"Six-38". or the larger seven‘ pas-

senger model, “Six-46".



Both of these cars are thoroughbreds

—-every inch of them.



They are just as handsome as auto-

mobiles could possibly be, and they





both are easily capable of going 60

miles per hour if you desire to go

that fast. But—first and last—-—they

are made for work—~consistent work

—day in and day out work.



Paige owners don't have to make

apologies or “ofier excuses". Their

cars are out of commission at one

time only—when they are locked

up in the garage at night.





And—~best of all———you can readily’





establish these facts for yourself.





Neither of the Paige models are ”ex-

periments". They have both been

put to the gruelling test of more

than a full year’s road work by

thousands of owners.



All that you need to do is get in

touch with the nearest Paige dealer.



Let him prove his case. Let him in-

troduce you to men who have in-

vested their money in these cars.

Listen to their experiences—ask

for their honest opinions.



Then, you will know whether Paige

cars are reliable under all circum-

stances.





Then, you will know whether Paige I





cars are economical to maintain.

Then, you will know whether Paige

cars are, in actual fact, “the stan-

dard of value and quality".

Do this—while the Dealer can still

make immediate deliveries.





Paige-Detroit Motor Car Company





220 McKinstry Avenue





DetrOit. .





The Fairfield “Six-46'?





_ L lI/m

' ~ WIT/o“





$1295





‘. o. 5. Detroit





’ .





 





‘ fl

. (“‘th '





Michigan





APRIL 15. 1.9.16.





-€Zg7§ofioo¢7





 





Wm





stx438'3105Q66Kfiet





['01
LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY ane

INFORMATION





 





 





 





E

This Magazine Section forms apart of our paper every week.





HAT is home without a moth-

er?" So runs a saying dear to

the heart of mankind. Let us

paraphrase that saying and inquire,

“What is home without a tree?”

The contrast between pleasantly

shaded farm grounds and bare treeless

ones is so marked that few can deny

the advantages of the former. There

are always people to chop down and

cart away the old tree friends, but I

believe that these people are in the

minority. With most of us trees are

an agreeable addition to the comforts

of the farm yard; but how many give





 





The Plea of the Tree





By F. J.





care and encouragement to the trees

already standing; and how few, how

very few, indeed, are willing to set out

in suitable locations, and protect

through their first and second years

of life in the new condition a few nice

young trees to take the places of old

and broken ones, or to fill the empty

spaces?

Farmers,





look about your farm





YATES.





grounds this spring. Isn’t there a sin~

gle place which would be the better

for a tree? Perhaps a hedge of arbor

vitae would add fifty per cent to the

appearance of your front yard. Per-

haps a windbreak along a field where

the wind sweeps unchecked during ev-

ery Windstorm would make it a more

lucrative piece of property. Why not

resolve to take pattern from Uncle





Hon





 





917:9 FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





Sam who has awakened to the knowl-

edge that if trees are not put back to

take the place of those so ruthlessly

butchered the whole climate of the

United States is going to be different.

You may not live to enjoy the shade of

the slower growing trees, but someone

will enjoy them; and after all we

should build largely for the coming

generations.



If you don’t want to plant on a large

scale, plant at least one or two trees

this spring. How about that unshaded

window in the kitchen? A Carolina.

poplar would in a short space of time





5H1“!IIIIII|llIllllIllI||[IIIIII||llllllllHIHIIIHHHIllllHHIIIIII1HlII!l“llI1'Iilll|lHIllllHIIHHIIHIIHIIHHIIlll|Ill”|IIIilIIIHIIHIHHHIIHHHIllH”I”lHHHHIllH“HlHlIll“lllillllilllllHlHI]HIHIllllH“HHHHHHHHHIHHHilllHHlHHllllillIllIlIllllllllllll“HUNHHHHIIIHHHIHHIIHEHHIIHHHHHIlHllllillllllllllllliiiiilrliliéi iiHilaJ.Eiiéllllilllllllllllllllllllll|||lllllllllllllllillllllé .31illIH53IIiI1IliliElllllllilli';ll9!!!!”HHIHHHHHHHHHWHHIHHH"





WORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES





 





 





General Villa is Reported

Wounded.





 





J





 





King of Bulgaria, (Second from Right) Visits Austrian Army Headquarters.





 





 





 





Member of Austrian Royal Family Visiting Soldier in Military Hospital.





 





German Crown Prince and his Only





Daughter.





 





 





Sixth U. S. Infantry in Camp on Line of Communication in Mexico.

Copyright by Underwood. l Undrwood N. v.
T H- E” MIC H IGA'N' FvA‘R M RR





 





 

 





APRIL 15. 191";-





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





526‘2—14 .

* - . .

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Farmer Agents wanted. Get our

Burt





be whispering in the summer ’winds

and affording your‘wife and mother a.

close View of its wonderfully fashion-

ed, trembling leaves—and poplar leaves

are very sensitive to the weather.



Try planting a tree for each one of

the children and let them be sponsor

for their particular tree. When they

are grown the trees will be pretty good

sized; and if the children fly from the

home nest, leaving you with nothing

but memories, those trees will help





LBERT J. COFFEE, the teacher



A of a G-enesee County rural school

‘ appeared before the school board

last June with a course of study map-

ped out in which manual training was

to be tried out. That meeting was

probably one of the most important

meetings in the history of that district.

The school was not prepared to

teach the subject. It was without a.

building that would be suitable for a

work shop. There were no tools, and

there was not a precedent to follow——

not one example of another common

rural school in Michigan which had un-

dertaken such a project could be found.

The teacher was preaching something

that had never been tried to his knowl-

edge in a rural school. The success or

failure of the undertaking would prob

ably have some bearing upon his fu-

ture career as a teacher.

In view of the some thirty classes

held daily in the school, the introduc-

tion of manual training appeared to be

out‘ of the question. The school was

already like a grist mill with grain

heaped about the mill' in sufficient

quantity for two days’ work but which

must be ground in a single day. Why

increase the demands upon the ma-

chinery? But Mr. Coflee had been a

school teacher for two years before

suggesting the new study and he be-

lieved that his system would work.



Members of the school board were

the judges in this case against old

methods and like most boards they had

their own fixed ideas of school train-

ing. So Mr. Coffee had a great task to

convince the board of the merits of

his theories. The school officers had

to be convinced that the present

course of study was not satisfactory.

It was also necessary to prove that

any expense incurred in the establish-

ment of manual arts would return gen-

erous profits. With the odds against

him, he didn’t lose hope nor quake be-

fore the cross~examination that follow-

ed his explanatory remarks, and his

efiorts were crowned with success.

Manual training was introduced. Mr.

Coffee shares the credit of its success

with the school board who made it

possible for him to put his theories

into practice by giving their consent

for a trial.



The teacher found a harbor of

strength in the current dissatisfaction

'heard at farmers' meetings where farm

questions were being discussed. The

fact that many boys naturally gifted to

follow the pursuits of agriculture were

educated away by our present methods

gave the movement general moral sup-

port. The teacher didn’t claim a pan-

acea for all defects of the rural educa-

tion propaganda but he did believe

that by combining the teaching of man.

a1 training and agriculture, it would in

time have a great deal to do with si-

lencing the cry “back to the farm.”

Not all of the facts which the teach-

er brought to bear upon the subject

to back up his theories, were found in

his imagination. The'world-wide opin-

ion that all education should be ob-

jective was cited to the school board.

The history of Germany shows that it

has been the educational policy of the

Germans to teach their children to

work skillfully with their hands. As

a result of this educational feature in

her public schools Germany has a

workshop within her boundaries today

that is turning out untold quantities 01’





 





 





you to recall many things which touch

the heart. '



Have a' little arbor day each year,

and don’t let the neighborhood forget

the school yard; and above all, remem-

ber that

“He who plants a tree plants hope:”

for trees are more than so many cords

of wood—they are living, growing

things which show us each year the

wonder of resurrection into a lovely

life from apparent deadness.





illlillililillliilllflmlllllilllllllllllllllllllIIIHIHIlllllllllilHimil‘lillIlllilliHIlillllllllillllillllllliillImililllifllllllllflllilfllllllililflllflilllmmfillllmmill!mill!"Illllilllllllllillilllllilllfllllllllllllllllllllllillliillllll





Manual Training in Rural Schools

‘By D. L. RUNNELLS.





war munitions while the Allied coun-

tries have been obliged to draw upon

the supply furnished by neutral coun-

tries. ‘



War was not the goal held up by the

teacher, but the idea was to teach

manual training along with the subject

of agriculture as a factor in making

better and more useful farmers out of

the boys. He hoped to teach them

skill in the use of the tools which are

used almost daily upon the farm. Farm«

ers may differ as to the advisability of

keeping the boys on the farm but it is

not possible that a new interest in the

farm will be formed in the minds of

the boys unless prospective improve-

ments can be suggested to the minds

of the boys. To get the boy interest~

ed in the farm was the real goal which

the teacher hoped to create through

the study of manual training.



One of the greatest objections to the

introduction of manual training in a

rural school other than the lack of

time to devote to the subject, is the

expense incurred in providing a suit-

able building. If there was any such

an objection to be found in the Potter

school district Mr. Coffee was “armed.”

His proposal to the board was for the

district to provide the material for the

building and he and the pupils would

do the rest. Again winning their fav-

or, the teacher and pupils built a

roomy addition to the fuel house that

meets all requirements in the teaching

of the subject. The building of the ad-

dition to the fuel house by the pupils

under the instruétions of the teacher,

superceded the regular class work in

manual training and had an introduo

tory value to the course that cannot

be readily measured. The building

was completed shortly after the school

opened in September. The appropria-

tion made for tools, which was not to

exceed $25, was turned over to the

teacher.



Ray Potter, a former M. A. 0.

student and a member of the school

board, proved of great assistance to

the teacher in arranging the course in

manual training. His knowledge of

the work gained while a student at the

agricultural college was invaluable to

the teacher in deciding matters of pol-

icy regarding the work. Text books

were introduced. The students have

little difficulty in deciphering the ex-

ercises. Each boy spends from one

and a half to three hours weekly in the

work shop.



The benefits derived from the manu-

al training course in this school are

twofold—educational and disciplinary.

The first was expected by the teacher

but the latter came as a surprise. Be‘

fore the boy could have access to the

workshops, he must first prepare his

lessons, then in order to keep him out

of mischief he is allowed to go to the

shops. He ismot accompanied by the

teacher but is placed on his honor. If

it found that he has violated his priv-

ileges, the use of the shops is taken

away from him until such a time as his

conduct will warrant being allowed to

return. The teacher spends but very

little time during school hours in the

shop but makes it a point to inspect

the day’s work during the noon hour

or at the close of school. When any





difficulty is encountered in the work,



Mr. Coffee gives the pupils individual



instruction after school hours. By tol-

‘ (Continued on page" 531).
' APRIL 15, 1916.





Far away and straight, and white,



Under the glare .of the noonday light,



Stretches the country road from the

rails of steel;



And catching a glimpse as I travel on,



Drawn by the iron horse, hither and

yon,



A vague sense of longing I often feel,





'For the country road I am sure must





go



Past meadows sweet where daisies

, blow, -

And beside rippling singing brooks; .

It must lead past fields all clad with





grain, , .

Through quiet valleys and wind-swept





plain,

And by shady sequestered nooks.

And I long so to travel that peaceful

Wily,

That oft’ to myself I rashly say,

“Some day, some happy day I’ll go;

I’ll leisurely travel past wooded hill

Of the meadow’s perfume breathe my

1





And rest’in the shade where wild flow-

ers blow.”





Life’s quiet paths run far away

From the marts of business and pleas-





ure gay, .

O’er the. hills of vision with VleW so





fair;

And as we hurriedly journey along,





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





The Country Read





By Anna Stems





Pressed by the jostling, restless

throng,



We long for those heights with their

purer air.





For these quiet paths do ever lead

O’er wind-swept paths and scented





, mead,



Where the cooling breeze is fresh and

sweet; '



And we know by the wayside b100m.



«- ing there,



Are the flowers of love and

prayer, . '



And rfest for our weary hearts and

eet.





peace and





Oh, we long so to go in this quiet way,

That oft' to our clamoring hearts we





say,

“Some glad bright day we will go;

And leaving behind the hurrying crowd,

The busy marts and their clamor loud,

Find pfeace where the pure still waters

, ow.”





But I wonder oft’ will thisdream come

true, ,

Some day do you think shall I, shall





you. I

Leave needless worry and care be-

hind? ‘

And leisurely traveling day by day,

O’er the country road, the secluded





way

Life’s real, true meaning find?





lilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllHHIIIHHIHIIIIHHHHHIIIIIHHHIllllllHlllllHHIlllllllllllllllllllIllimilillllillllIIHHHHIIlllllllllllllllllHHlllllllIIHHHHIIHHIIHHHHIIHIIIHHllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





Light. of Western Stars





 





 





“But it’s a terrible risk, and it ought

not to be run!” he exclaimed passion-





ately. "I know best here. Stillwell

upholds me. Let me out, Miss Ham-

mond. I’m going to take the boys and





go after these guerillasl”



‘iN01’1



“Good Heavens!” exclaimed Stew-

art. “Why not let me go? It’s the

thing to do. I’m sorry to distress you

and your guests. 'Why not put an end

to Don Carlos's badgering? Is it be-

cause you’re afraid a rumpus will spoil

your friends’ visit?”



“It isn’t—not this time.”



“You’re sick to think of a little

greaser blood staining the halls of

your home?”



(INC!!!



“Well, then, why keep me from do-

ing what I know is best?”



“Stewart, —I—” she faltered in

growing agitation. “I’m frightened~—-

confused. All this is too—too much

for me. I’m not a coward. If you have

to fight, you’ll see I’m not a coward.

But your way seems so reckless—that

hall is so dark—the guerillas would

shoot from behind doors. You’re so

wild, so daring. You'd rush right into

peril. Is that necessary? I think—I

mean—I don’t know just why I feel so

———so about'your doing it. But I believe

it’s because I’m afraid you—you might

be hurt.”



“You’re afraid I—I might. be hurt ?”

he echoed, wonderingly, the hard

whiteness of his face warming, flush~

ing, glowing.



“Yes!”



The single, unequivocal word, with

all it might mean, with all it might not

mean, softened him as if by magic,

made him gentle, amazed, shy as a.

boy, stifling under a torrent of emo-

tions.



Madeline thought she had’persuad-

ed him—worked her Will with him.

Then'another of his startlingly sudden

moves told her that she had reckoned

too quickly. This move was to put

her firmly aside so that he could pass;

and Madeline, seeing that he would

not hesitate to lift her out of the way,

surrendered the door.



He turned on the threshold. His

face was still working, but the flame-

pointed gleam of his eyes indicated

the return of that cowboy ruthlessness.



“I’m going to drive Don Carlos and

his gang out of the house!” declared

Stewart. “I think I may promise you

to do it without a fight; but if it takes

a fight, off he goes!”



As Stewart departed from one door





By ZANE GREY





 





 





Florence knocked upon another. Mad-

eline, far shaken out of her usual

serenity, admitted the western girl

with more than gladness. Just to have

her near helped Madeline to get back

her balance.



She was conscious of Florence’s

sharp scrutiny, and then of a sweet,

deliberate change of manner. Flor-

ence might have been burning with

curiosity to know inore about the ban-

dits hidden in the house, the plans of

the cowboys, the reason for Madeline’s

suppressed emotion; but instead of

asking questions she introduced the

important subject of what to take on

the camping-trip.



For an hour they discussed the need

of this and that article, selected the

things most needful, and then packed

them in Madeline’s duffel-bags. That

done, they decided to lie down, fully

dressed as they were in riding-cos-

tume, and sleep, or at least rest, dur-

ing time left before the call to saddle.



Madeline turned out the light. Peep-

ing through her window, she saw dark

forms standing sentinel like in the

gloom. When she lay down she heard

soft steps on the path. This fidelity

to her swelled her heart, while the

need of it presaged that fearful some-

thing which, since Stewart’s passion-

ate appeal to her, haunted her as in-

evitable.



Madeline did not expect to sleep, yet

she did, and only a moment seemed to

have passed until Florence called her.

She followed Florence outside. It was

the dark hour before dawn. She could

discern saddled horses being held by

cowboys. There was an air of hurry

and mystery about the departure.



Helen, who came tiptoeing out with

Madeline’s other guests, whispered

that it was like an escape. She was

delighted. The others were amused.

To Madeline it was indeed an escape.



In the darkness Madeline could not

descry how many escorts her party

was to have. She heard low voices,

the champing of bits, and the thump-

ing of hoofs; and she recognized Stew-

art when he led up Majesty for her to

mount. Then came a pattering of soft

feet and the whining of dogs. Cold

noses touched her hands, and she saw

the long, gray, shaggy shapes of her

pack of Russian wolfhounds. The fact

that Stewart meant to let them go with

her was another instance of the care

with which he studied her pleasure.

She loved to be out with the hounds

and her horse.



Stewart led Majesty out into the





darkness past a line of mounted horses.



“Guess we’re ready,” he said. “I’ll

make the count.”



He wentrapidly along the waiting

line, and when he returned Madeline

heard him say several times:



“Now, everybody ride close to the

horse in front, and keep quiet till day-

light!” ‘



Then the snorting and pounding of

the big black horse in front of her told

Madeline that Stewart had mounted.



“All right—we’re off!” he called.



Madeline lifted Majesty’s bridle and

let the roan go. There came a crack

and crunch of gravel, fire struck from

stone, and then the steady short clip-

clop of iron hoofs on hard ground.

Madeline could just discern Stewart

and his black outlined in shadowy gray

before her; yet they were almost with-

in touching distance. Once or twice

one of the wolfhounds leaped up at

her and whined joyously. A thick belt

of darkness lay low and seemed to

thin out above to a gray fog through

which a few wan stars showed.



It was altogether an unusual depar-

ture from the ranch; and Madeline





‘ found herself thrillingly sensitive to





the soft beat of hoofs, the feel of cool,

moist air, the dim sight of tSewart’s

dark figure. The caution, the early

start before dawn, the enforced silence

-——these lent the occasion all that was

needful to make it stirring.



Majesty plunged into a gully, where

sand and rough going made Madeline

stop romancing to attend to riding. In

the darkness it was not so easy to

keep close to Stewart, even on smooth

trails, and now she had to be watch-

fully attentive to do it. There follow-

ed a long march through dragging

sand. During this the blackness grad-

ually changed to gray. At length Ma-

jesty climbed out of the wash, and

once more his iron shoes rang on

stone.



The figure of Stewart and his horse

loomed more distinctly in Madeline’s

sight. Bending over, she tried to see

the trail, but could not. She wondered

how Stewart could follow a trail in the

dark. His eyes must be as piercing as

they sometimes looked.



As Majesty climbed steadily, Made-

line saw the gray darkness change and

lighten, lose its substance, and reveal

the grotesque shapes of yucca and 000-

tillo. Dawn was about to break. All

at once, to her surprise, Stewart and

his powerful horse stood clear in her

sight. She saw the characterstic rock

and cactus and brush that covered the

foot-hills. The trail was old and sel-

dom used, and it zigzagged and turned.

and twisted.



Looking back, she saw the short,

squat figure of Monty Price humped

over his saddle. Behind Monty rode

Dorothy Coombs, and next loomed up

the lofty form of Nick Steele.



Bright daylight came, and Madeline

saw that the trail was leading up

through foot-hills. It led through shal-

low gullies full of stones and brush

washed down by floods. At every turn

Madeline expected to come upon 'water

and the waiting pack-train; but time

passed, and miles of climbing, and no

water or horses were met. Expecta-

tion in Madeline gave place to desire;

she was hungry.



Presently Stewart’s horse went

splashing into a shallow pool. Beyond

that, damp places in the sand showed

here and there, and again more water

in rocky pockets. Stewart kept on. It

was eight o’clock by Madeline’s watch

when, upon turning into a wide hollow,

she saw horses grazing on spare grass,

a great pile of canvas-covered bundles,

and a fire round which cowboys and

two Mexican women were busy.



Madeline sat her horse and reviewed

her followers as they rode up in single

file. Her guests were in merry mood,

and they all talked at once.



“Breakfast—and rustle!” called out

Stewart without ceremony.



“No need to tell me to rustle,” said

Helen. “This air makes me simply

ravenous.”



The hurry order, however, did not





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





The effect of the great war on

men’s clothing will be felt this

spring—still more next fall.





W'e retailers have had to buy

with greater care and discrimina-

tion than ever, to protect our

customers against poor fabrics.





That’s .why we appreciate

having a line of medium—priced

clothes for men and young men.

that is absolutely dependable—-

Clothcraft.





Every piece of cloth that en-

ters the factory is tested mechan-

ically to determine its strength

and chemically to prove its

ingredients. This is but the

first of a long series of safeguards

that protect Clothcraft values.





But don’t wait too long,

there’ll be greater demand than

ever this spring for nationally

known values like Clothcraft.





Buy early.





(a





w





 





 





crgrncmrggpscmgsmersso)

or3i15 551....i15 513.515 )

CLOTI‘ICRAFT CLOTHES‘





$10 4:0 $25 “~Re'adyl





{0 Wear"

Made by The Joseph 5' Feiss Co..‘ Cleveland





The Clothcraft Storfl





(IN YOUR. TOWN) /





 





 





 





 





 





 





HE “ Boston”



gives the greatest

service because of its

superior materials

and careful mak~

ing. It does not

crumple or col-

lapse after

long





 





25 Cents





SILK

50 Cents





Gsonal FROST Co.

‘MAKIRB, losron





 





 





0 To sell

Boy and Girl Agents Wanted Standard.

Flower and Vegetable Seeds. Excellent proposition.

Only one bgy or girl in each school district. Writefor

catalog. S ANDARD SEED COMPANY. Dep't F..

Dayton, Ohio.





Mention The Michigan Farmer When ertlng Mnnlsm





our





5. g v

w .5: .

. A»: a
THE ~M.1c.HIGA





 





 





 





 





 





 





/,‘





 





iii/fl

No Pipes \‘ WM {:5 I i

No Flues '- "7‘,“7') '

No Wutod €7.34

Hoot 'm/,





comfortable temperature.





your house to put in fines and pipes.





 





 





Ensley says —-

save money on





fore on ut u that fence-or do that rooting or painting ob get Ensley's Free

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7

'1‘ one of my famous Bohon Bu ies free for

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it the finest buggfiyou ever rode in send it back at

expense. . Bohon d tries .ore noted for their stren

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andbscks





 

 

 





     





 





 





Write Mo Today ’

Big book shows everything

on want — covers





 





a!





‘ a. matted,

’ stunted cedar-trees.





 





s. F A s M s s. ...;

interfere with the meal is... 5.5....

what or a. picnic. " While they ate and





‘ talked and laughed, the cowboys were





packing horses and burros. As soon

as the train was in readiness, Stewart

started it off in the lead to break trail.



A heavy growth of shrub interspers-

ed with rock and cactus covered the

slopes; and now all the trail appeared

to be up-hill. It was not a question of

comfort for Madeline and her party,

for comfort was impossible; it was a

matter of making the travel possible

for them. Florence wore corduroy

breeches and high top-boots, and the

advantage of this masculine garb was

at once in evidence. The riding-habits

of the other ladies suffered consider-

ably from the sharp spikes. It took

all Madeline’s watchfulness to save her

horse’s legs, to pick the best bits of

open ground, to make cutoffs from the

trail, 1nd to protect herself from out-

reaching throny branches; so that the

time sped by without her knowing it.



The pack-train forged ahead, and

the trailing couples grew farther apart.





_ At noon they got out of the foot—hills,





to face the real ascent of the moun-

ains.

was little breeze; the dust rose thick

and hung in a pall. The view was re-

stricted, and what scenery lay open to

the eye was dreary and drab, a barren

monotony of slow-mounting slopes,

ridged by rocky canons.



Once Stewart waited for Madeline.

As she came up, he said:



“We’re going to have a storm.”



“That will be a relief. It’s so hot

and dusty,” replied Madeline.



“Shall I call a halt and make camp ?”



“What do you think best?”



“Well, if we have a good, healthy

thunder-storm,” said Stewart, “it will

be something new for your friends. I

think we’d be wise to keep on the go.

There’s no place to make a good camp

here. The wind would blow us off this

slope, if the rain didn’t wash us off.

It’ll take all-day travel to reach a good

camp-site, and I don’t promise that.

We’re making slow time. If it rains,

let it rain. The pack outfit is well

covered. We shall have to get wet.”



“Surely,” replied Madeline, and she

smiled at his inference. She knew

what a. storm wasin that country, and

her guests had yet to experience one.

“If it rains, let it rain.” '



Stewart rode on and Madeline fol-

lowed. Up the slope toiled and nod‘

ded the pack-animals, the little burros

going easily where the horses labored.

Their packs, like the bumps of camels,

bobbed from side to side. Stones rat-

tled down; the heat-waves wavered

black; the dust puffed up and sailed.

The sky was a pale blue, like heated

steel, except where dark clouds peeped

over the mountain crests. A heavy,

sultry atmosphere made breathing

diflicult.



Down the slope the trailing party

stretched out in twos and threes; and

it was easy to distinguish the weary





' riders.





Half a. mile farther up Madeline

could see over the foot-hills to the

north and west; and she forgot the

heat and weariness and discomfort for

her guests in wide, unlimited prospects

of sun-scorced earth. She marked the

gray valley, the black mountains, the

red gateway of the desert, and the dim

shadowy peaks, blue as the sky they

pierced.



Then there came a respite from the

steep climb, and the way led through

storm-wrenched forest of

Even up to this

elevation the desert reached with its

gaunt hand. The clouds overspreading

the sky, hiding the sun, made a wel<

come change. The pack-train rested,

and Stewart and Madeline waited for

the party to come up. Here he briefly

explained to her that Don Carlos and

his bandits had left the ranch some

time in the night. Thunder rumbled

in the distance and a faint wind rus-

tled the scant foliage of the cedars.



An hour later the party had climbed





; above, the cedar flat andwas rounding





 





”ganglammrrfig

mmmm _ , _ ,





 





the; sides of a} great» bare ridge that





 





The sun beat down hotly. There ‘





concern at her friends.





 





 

 





 

 

 





. 1 spam 15,1916. '





long had hidden the crags. The last

burrs of the pack-train plodded over

the ridge‘out of Madeline’s sight. She

looked backward down the slime, amus—

ed to see her guests change wearily

from side to side in their saddles. Far

to the west the sky was still clear,

with shafts of sunlight shooting down

from behind the encroaching clouds.





Stewart reached the summit of the

ridge, and, though only a few rods

ahead, he waved to her, sweeping his

hand round to what he saw beyond. It

was an impressive gesture, and Made.

line, never having climbed as high as

this, anticipated much.



Majesty surmounted the last few

steps and halted besid‘e Stewart’s

black. To Madeline the scene was as

if the world had changed. The ridge

was a mountain top. It dropped. be-

fore her into a black, stone-ridged,

shrub-patched, many-canoned gulf.

Eastward, beyond the gulf, bare moun-

tain-heads loomed up. Upward, on the

right, led giant steps of cliff and bench

and weathered slope to the fir-bordered

and pine-fringed crags, standing dark

and bare against the stormy sky.



Inky clouds were piling across the

peaks, obscuring the highest ones. A

fork of white lightning flashed, and,

like the looming of an avalanche, thun<

der followed.



That bold world of broken rock un«

der the slow mustering of storm-clouds

was a grim, awe-inspiring spectacle.

The fierce desert had reached up to

meet the majestic heights where heat

and wind and frost and lightning and

flood contended in everlasting strife.

And before their onslaught this mighty

upflung world of rugged stone was

crumbling, splitting, wearing to ruin.





Madeline glanced at Stewart. He

had forgotten her presence. lmmova-

ble as stone he sat his horse. Dark-

faced, dark—eyed, and like an. Indian

unconscious of thought, he watched

and waited. To see him thus was

to divine the affinity between the soul

of this primitive man and the savage

environment that had developed him.



A cracking of iron-shod hoofs broke

the spell. Monty had reached the

summit.



“Gene, what it won’t all be doin’ in

a minute Moses hisself couldn’t tell!”

observed Monty.



Then Dorothy climbed to his side

and looked.



“Isn’t it just perfectly lovely?” she

exclaimed. “But I wish it wouldn’t

storm. We’ll all get wet!”



Once more Stewart faced the ascent,

keeping to the slow heave of the ridge

as it rose southward toward the loom-

ing spires of rock. Soon he was off

smooth ground, and Madeline, some

rods behind him, looked back with

Here the real

toil, the real climb began; and a moun-

tain storm was about to burst in all

its fury.



Stewart waited for Madeline under

the lee of a shelving cliff, where the

cowboys had halted the pack-train.

Majesty was sensitive to the flashes of

lightning. Madeline patted his neck

and softly called to him. The weary

bui'i‘os nodded; the Mexican women

covered their heads with their mantles.





Stewart untied the slicker at the

back of Madeline's saddle and helped

her on with it. Then he put on his

own. The other cowboys followed suit.



A blue-white, jagged rope of light—

ning burned down out of the clouds,

and instantly a thunderclap crashed,

seeming to shake the foundations of

the earth. Then it rolled from cloud

to cloud, boomed along the peaks, and

reverberated from deep to low, at last

to rumble away into silence.



Madeline felt the electricity in Maj-

esty’s mane, and it seemed to tingle

through her nerves. This moment of

the breaking of the storm, with the

strange, growing roar of wind, llke a

moaning monster, was pregnant with a

heart-disturbing emotion. Glorious it

was to be free, healthy out in the open,

under the shadow of the mountain and

cloud, in the teeth of the wind and

rain! ‘ ‘
‘ out in many storms?”





Apart. 1521916.





Another dazzling blue blaze showed

the bold mountainside and the storm-

driven clouds. In the flare of light

Madeline saw Stewart’s face.



“Are you afraid ?” she asked.



“Yes,” he replied.



Then the thunderbolt rocked the

heavens. _



As the thunder boomed and died

away, Madeline reflected with surprise

upon Stewart’s admission that he was

afraid. Something in his face had

made her ask him what she considered

a foolish question. His reply amazed

her. She loved a storm. ’ Why should

he fear it—he, with whom she could

not associate fear?



“How strange? Have you not been





A smile that was only a gleam flitted

over his dark face.



“In hundreds of them—by day with

the cattle stampeding; at night alone

on the mountain, with the pines crash-

ing and the rocks rolling; in flood on

the desert.”



“It’s not only the lightning, then?”

she asked.



“No. All the storm.”



Madeline felt that if this iron-nerved

man feared a storm, there must be”





 





something about a storm to fear. And





suddenly, as the ground quaked under ,5 j;

her horse‘s feet, and all the sky grew j





black, crisscrossed with flaming

streaks, and between thunderous re

ports there was a strange, hollow roar

sweeping down upon her, she realized

how small was her knowledge of the

mighty forces of nature. Then, with

that perversity of character of which

she herself was conscious, she was

humble, submissive, reverent, and ev-

en fearful while she gloried in the

grandeur of the cloud-shadowed crags

and canons, the stupendous strife of

sound, the wonderful, driving lances of

white fire.



With blacker gloom and deafening

roar came the rain. It was a cloud-

burst. It was like water tumbling

down.



For long Madeline sat her horse, her

head bent to the pelting rain. When

its force lessened, and she heart Stew-

art call for all to follow, she looked up

to see that he was starting once more.

She shot a glimpse at Dorothy, and as

quickly glanced away. Dorothy, who

would not wear a hat suitable for in-

clement weather, nor one of the sticky

yellow slickers, was a drenched and

disheveled spectacle.



Madeline did not trust herself to

look at the other girls. It was enough

to hear their lament; so she turned

her horse into Stewart’s trail.



Glad indeed was Madeline to be lift-



(Continued on page 531).





AN OAK TREE.





 





BY HILTON DEXTER.

Oh, Oak! Thou guardian of each fleet-

ing day!

Men pass and notice not thy murmur-

mg vorce;

But in thy accents tender I rejoice,

To me it is a joy along the way.





And as I pause beneath thy shading





arms

That sweet, that dreamy music lulls to





sleep;



Then my roving mind does soar and

reap



Blessings, numberless, out of thy

charms.





When that I then awakest from my

trance,



I wonder, nay I marvel at thy might;



I’ve romped and played in thy soft

mellowed light



And thou hast watched with thy con-

tented glance.





For nineteen years I have communed

with thee, ‘



Yet ever have I from thy leaflet voice



Heard sounds so soft, so pleasing to

my choice,



Of thee, I could but ask, “So let it be.”





Oh, Oak! Thou still dost watch o’er

1 my hours

Yet soon, too soon, thy boughs will fall

to earth.

0h, gramllliat then I may respeak thy





w .

That men may know I loved thy twi-

light bowers.





 





(THE; "MICHIGAN FA'RMER





\\\\‘ '





. is?“ \\‘

5-va

.\\





 





i





 





 





 





5!"; This color combination (the trade-mark

" of Firestone Tires) is another reason for

”'3; your confidence. It shows that all the

extra refinements, fine looks as well as

service, are yours with Firestone Tires.





fifj’ Your safety, economy and ridin comfort

are all safeguarded by this ‘ Word of





Tube Bag free,





Build your new home in 1916. Two Dollars this year will buy as

much lumber as three Dollars next year. Lumber is going up.

Lumber dealers are charging from $4 to $10 per thousand more for

lumbar now than last year. Aladdin is the only one that has not

raised prices. Aladdin houses will save you from $200 to $800. All

lumber out to fit, saving wastecof lumber and labor. Dollar~.\-Knot

guarantee. Quick shipment. Price includes all material—4.1m complete





l





a! I!“ I," I,“





. Over 100 designs shown in 1916 catalog. Send stamps today for catalog No. 410.





:1. home

$298 ., North American ‘

~ ‘ Construction CO. 413 Aladdin AV...

MY 3r",





WindMnihimmwm ‘7‘





-; uu,mu///////////////////////////////‘//////////////;,





Ask also for book, “Care and Repair of





l

, I

dealer’s name, and the make of your tires. ‘23:;

Tires,” No. 25.





it} Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, O.—Bmche. .nd Dealers Everywhere

“America ’3 Largest Exclusive Tire and Rim Makers”





 





 





 





 





’ ’7 "liiltm'li'l‘l'f‘illiiil‘flimilii iii





 





 





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of every type, as well as Tanks, Silos, Roofing and

all forms of exposed sheet metal work, will give





._, _. ‘greatest service and resistance to rust—if made from





APOLLO-KEY STONE Willi};





Richest unlity Galvanized Sheets unnfhctured. am and won



have god that the-asheets last longest under service ”an Alw “deer



APO KEYSTONE and accept non-betwixt). Look forthe Kc stone dad below



the Apollo trimmer—it. insures Miami?“i and lasflnfdsiilsfaoglon. d b lend.



‘ _. on. very armor undocum- ehou "llama!



manniuinm" booklet communal!” ' “minim to m‘ mOtetalongrodnctl.



’1‘ . f " .

=mmmn "I PLATE m, PMSHMPI.





”4.3!





 





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:5; THE unseen merit in a tire determines its mileage value to



"” you. This is why you must have the confidence that goes



i with the Firestone name. Confidence in the in-Euilt Quality—the

P?





hidden values which make Firestone Tires deliver Most Miles





‘Firest m _ Tires





:2: Red Side Wall—Black Tread j





I!

Honor,” Firestone name, which gives you ll

the assurance of personal responsibility. p.52





Free Offer—A Firestone Waterproof





r ollar. “f





if you will send us your





 





 





1/3 SAVED Sil‘t‘iiéili‘él i.





 





! \ -

‘I Inn-.1] \-





 

   





‘ r U

Do Your Own Plumbing

and Heating — "Elly"???





004:0!!! "HANDY-MAN" "I‘m. Every neod- 50.

Shows new hum improvements and everything in plumbin‘

on u EXCLUSIVELY at whole-ale prices.

Any handy mogul“ Ill-ml" our eggs avaigh fix-lag? Ring: and



co my the n nu. . D 0 ohm 0“!

mm warrf 'iPODAY.





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Only $2 Don





One Year to Paym :





Buy. the low Button '

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so My? free Trial mgfiw‘m , j.





     

 





 





ALBAUGH-DOVER co. "2’

2166 hush-u Blvd. cchco





 





A RAZOR SNAP.





A new lot of fine quality Imported

Razors at 50 cents while the supply

lasts, is now offered by the Michigan

Farmer.



The razors are made of the best

cutlery steel, five-eighth-inch blade,

and black handle. We will not say

just what these razors ordinarily re-

tail at. as prices on razors vary with

each dealer, but we have seen razors

no better sold at $1.25 and $1.50. ’





Every man who shaves ought to

have at least three razors as it is a

proven fact that giving a razor a rest

is beneficial to it, and here is your

opportunity to get a supply at very

little cost.



So, only while our present supply

lasts the price is 50 cents each, post-

paid, or a half—dozen at $2.00, post-

paid. Address all orders to the Mich-

igan Farmer, Detroit, Mich.
530-18. APRIL 15, 1916.

ElillllllllllllllIllillillllliillilllilfl||||IIiliIllliIIIIlIilllllllllilillillllllillIIIllilllIliil|iilllilllillillilllllifllIiIlllIiiillllliilillilllll|illillIiIlllillIIIill||iiliilllll|IIillllilillilliilIlliillIiilil||lliillilillllIiiilllillillllllill"LE

E v, E

" N d S "

E E

gLand O I o toriesé

g By HOWARD T. KNAPP E

5:111III||illilliliilllllililllilllIiilliiillillilllIIIii|lilllllillIIll||IiilllillllllllllllllliliIlililililllllllllllllllIIIIlllllillllillillililillllilllilIllliilllllliilllllllilllillllillllillIilllilllllllllllilllllIlllllllIllIllllllliiillllilllllllilllllE





_

“f‘rotsoo MADE FOR THE. WHOLE WORLD'S TRADE”





Dependable.





E will make and sell this year four-

teen million Champion Depend—

able Spark Plugs.





This is twice as many plugs as we pro-

duced last year, when our sales greatly

exceeded those of all others manufactur-

ers of spark Plugs combined.





SparkrPlG'q s





As our production has increased, so has

the uniformity and dependability of our

product increased.





And-now, after exhaustive competitive

tests, four out of five of this year’s record

output of new cars will be equipped with

Champions—over a. million new cars.





There is a Champion especially designed to dependably serve your

particular motor. See that your dealer furnishes Champions when you

replace the plugs in your car. He knows which one will serve it best.





Champion Spark Plug Co.





507 Avondale Ave. , Toledo, 0.





 





 





,, ,, ‘, fell/[l

i. Ffli‘eflW'





A

Free Trial





Sub'ect to Eli)" approval. it's another proof of Elkhsrt

a saying made you by our factory to user plea.





qua ity and





Vlriie for Big Buggy Bar ain Book





end read how 43 years experience as tang 1: us how to give

the most for the money in wearing nullity. nppenrpnce nnd

general satisfaction and by cutting out all unnecessary

selling costs saw you $25 or more on each burg .



175 Styles Buggies and 65 Styles harness

are illustrated on escrib . Don't buy without seeing

our book. A postal brings it free. Better write today.

ELKHART CARRIAGE I HARNESS MFG. CO-



714 Beardsley Av... lllthnrt. Ind.





DO NOT BUY FENCE





UNTIL YOU GET OUR



DIiiElll FROM Hillliiii PRICES

GUARANTEE



We guarantee our ience’ to be .made



from the best galvanized ~full guage



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WRITE TODAY FOR CATALOG T0





The United Fence Co. of Port Huron





Minneapolis, Minn





 





 





Port. Huron. Mich. Box 41.





Ford Owners

This Great Book





Tells you more about yourFoRD

CAR than you ever expected to

know. Diagram of parts, how to

overhaul, repair, keep n_ good_con-

dition. Art of safe, economical driving,

long life and maximum service. Also shows

latest improved equipment at “direct-to-

?!ou" prices which save you many dollars and add

lll



‘ .





 

 

 





menscly to service value and appearance of your car.

‘iritc at once for the. "Guide“. Worth dollars to you

and mailed absolutely FREE If you own or drive

a Ford. (To others, 25c) Address





HUDEBI SPECIAL" 00., 20ih St, HABIHE. WIS.





_~_7——~.-_

.





We positively teach you at home by mail to earn

5 to ‘50 weekly as Chaufieur or Repairman.

tudente enlisted to positions. Beet system. level“ prion. A

lonsis rimmsunn. Write {or soon. v-

l’rsctlcsl Auto Bchool. es-w, Beaver street, New York





WHITE SWEET CLOVER

S eciaily treated for (iuick germination.

A150 FANCY MED UM MAMMOTH

ALSIKE AND ALFALFA CLOVERS.

TIMOTHY SEED. WINTER VETCH,’

Ask for samples and special price list.





«i V t .

YOUNG-nafiiiowu SEED co. , owosso. MICH.





TIMOTHY i ALSYKE “'50





Per bu.

Baas extra at 20c each.





 





Send us your order.

Young-Randolph Seed Co. Owosso. Michigan

sw E E Iulldn Worn Out Sell. The higher

rotein content than alfalfa. Write



GLOVER or prices and information.

Everett Barton. 3.12.9, Falmouth.K’u.

Sudan Grass Seed grown in Michigan.

For Sale 15c lb. Beardless Barley 31.10 per bu.





H. L. Cole Phlm ra Mich.





C . 1914 . .

Elli! ltll" lltnl sei'iméiiéi sacks $33 Price ‘3 25

. A ge Bacon d: Son. sheridan. Mich.





 





 





* ' ' it}: an;





.x





 





 





 





 





Valuable Book sent FREE





By Makers or





Red Sea!

Dry Batteries





For Gas Engines; Tractors; Automobiles;

also too Phones. Bells, Hand Lanterns. Etc.





Send us your dealer’s name end we'll mail you.

free and poet d, copy of above book, which has

been adopt as text book by 12 State Agri-

cultural Colleges and numerous Agricultur-

al High Schools. We will also send you our cat-

alog containin pictures and descriptions of Every-

thing Elect: al for Home and On the Form.





The Guarantee Protects You. AskYour Dealer





MANHA'ITAN ELECTRICAL SUPPLY CO.

104 So. Fifth Ave.. Chicsgo



New York St. Louis San Pnnciseo

Factories at Jersey City. N. 1.. end Rsvenns._ Ohio





 





 





 





within a few inches of the pit.





 





 





 





 





 





exrmnnmsnvo





40 deye

e month’l

tree trial on this finest of bicycles—the “Ranger." We

will ship it to you on approval,freighWaid—withou.





scent deposit in advance. This otter so utely genuine.



WRITE 100‘ Y for our big catalog showing

...._..__—___ our full line of bicycles for

men and women. boys and girls at prices never before

equaled for like quality. It is a cyclopedin of bicycles.

sundries and useful bicycle information. It's free.



TIRES. COAQTER-BRAKE rear wheels, inner

tubes. ism s. cyclometers, equipment end parts for all

bicycles s. belt usual flees. A limited number of

second-hand bicycles to en in trade will be closed out

at once. et .8 to $8 eeeb.



RIDER AGENT. wanted in eech town to ride end

exhibit e sample 1916 model longer furnished by us.



It Cost. You flotilla to leern what we ofler end

how we can do it. You wi lbeestonished and convinced.

he not buy e bicycle. tires or sundrie's‘ until you get

our catalog end new special ofl’ers. W to ted-yd





IEAD Willi 60., Billie W-77 crime. Ill.





LIGHTNING Rods 6% c per ft. Best quality. Copper cable-

Buy direct. Er’t prepaid, Satisfaction zusrnntesd. Com.

piste installing directions. Valuable catalog and supple tree.

Robinson a Seidel Co. Box 25, Wuhiugtonville, Po.





 





e





The Vicious Ant Lion





HERE is the terrible ogre who



built this trap to ensnare luck-



less ants,” whispered Tinker

Teedle Tee, pointing to the deep, fun-

nel-shaped pit into which Billy Be By

Bo Bum had so nearly tumbled a few

minutes before.



Billy crawled out to the end of a.

branch of the oat tree and looking

down, saw the head of a savage insect

sticking out of the sand at the bottom

of the pit. Never in all his life had

Billy seen such- a fierce looking animal.

Its body was buried in the sand, but

its head was armed with an enormous

pair of powerful jaws, terrible saw-

toothed pinchers that could cut off the

head of an ant at one snip. It was an

Ant Lion, and as Billy gazed down at

the terrible ogre lying in wait to de-

vour any poor ant unlucky enough to

stumble into his clever trap, he trem-

bled with fear to think how close he

came to falling into the pit.



“Here comes a, victim now,” whis-

pered Tinker a moment later as one

of the Queen’s soldiers emerged from

the oat forest, and started to cross the

road, headed straight for the trap. It

was one of the soldiers who had taken

part in the recent battle, but had lin-

gered behind after the army had left

the battlefield, and was now hurrying

to catch up with its companions.



The ant was in such a hurry that it

did not notice its danger until it was

Even

then it did not realize the true nature

of the peril, but, thinking its path

blocked by a cow track or some other

natural hole, started to go around it,

walking dangerously near the rim of

the pit. Before the ant had taken

three steps Billy saw the Ant Lion

raise its head which it jerked back

and forth, snapping its jaws open and





shut with each jerk. This made the

sand fly up in a perfect shower, and

the pellets, striking against the slop-

ing sides of the pit, caused the loose

sand to cave in. This was just what

the Ant Lion wanted, for the soldier

was walking so near the edge of the

pit that when the sides caved in he

was caught in the sliding sand and

tumbled down into the trap where he

was seized and eaten by the fierce

ogre at the bottOm.



The whole thing was done so quick-

ly that it was over almost before Billy

knew What was going on.



“Come on Tinker, let’s go back to

the city,” said he after a brief silence.

“I don’t want to see any more ‘ants

killed. I’ve seen too much of that al-

ready today.”



So Billy and the elf slid down the

trunk of the oat tree and set off

through the forest to rejoin the army.

In a few minutes they reached the city

and found the plain crowded with

workers and slaves waiting to wel-

come the yictorious army. The Queen

was standing near the gate surround-

ed by her body guard as usual, and as

Billy and Tinker pushed their way

through the crowd to her side, she

greeted them heartily.



“I certainly am glad to see you re-

turn in safety,” said the Queen. “You

were gone so long, I was rather afraid

something might have happened to

you, especially as it was such a bloody

battle, costing the lives of many of my

best soldiers.”



“Oh, I took good care of him, your

majesty,” replied Tinker. “We watch-

ed the battle from the top of an oat

tree. Your soldiers are sure brave fel-

lows. In fact, I never saw such great

fighters in all my life.”



“If you think they can fight, you





lllllllilHllllllllllilllllllililllllllill|HillilillllillillllllllllllliillllllillIililllillIlllllllllHHIIIHIIHIIIIHIIIillilll|IHilllllllilllllllllllllll[INIIIllllilllilllllllllHillEllillili EHHHHHHHIHI|IIllilllHIllllllllllllllllilllilllllllllllil





And Another Reason Is Health





 





 





 





HE broadening of American life through popular and practical educa-





tion and industrial achievement

We have learned, too, that in adding to





broken rounds of daily toil.





the number of our interests, regular daily work is more tolerable.





has made us discontented with un-





In the





diversity of things that claim attention of the average American, he finds

strength and skill for performing his particular tasks with a less expenditure

of time and of energy and with increased devotion.



Of all means of diverting attention from the exactions of customary work





driving, or motoring, is by far the most efficient.





It takes us into the sun~





shine and pure air, it invigorates our bodies, our minds are quickened and

our spirits are set free from the bondage of responsibility and spared the





havoc of overwork.





Frequently among those who have joined the concourse of motorists that

throng our highways today, do we find persons who have experienced com-

plete physical recovery from ailments that did not respond to prescriptions





or to the knife.





Their getting out for a few minutes each day drove the evil





spirits away—the vampire, foul air, the fiend that halts digestion and assim-

ilation and the hobgoblin that poisons every tissue, were all driven out, and





 





nature full welcome, stepped in” and restored order in these. bodily domains.
APRILi5. 1916’: i ‘

should see our cousins, the Driver or

Ibgionary ants,” spoke up the captain

of the guard. ' ,



“I never saw them,” said Billy.



“No, I guess you never did, as they

live in Africa,” replied the captain.

“These driver ants live entirely by war-

fare. They never do any work from

year end to year end. They have no

city of their own or any fixed home,

but move from place to place, killing

and eating everything that crosses

their path. They are more feared than

any animal in all Africa, and even the

fierce lions and elephants get out of

the way when the Driver ants go on

the war path.



“They move through the jungle in a

straight line, never turning aside for

anything. When they come across any-

thing alive they sting it to death and

eat it. When they come to a house

they march in and take possession.

The people move outdoors until the

army has passed, but they welcome

the ants as friends, for the plucky

fighters kill every rat and snake and

insect in the building.”



And next'week I’ll tell you more

about Billy’s adventures.





LIGHT OF WESTERN STARS.





 





(Continued from page 529).

ed off her horse beside a roaring fire,

and to see steaming pots upon red-hot

coals. Except about her shoulders,

which had been protected by the slick-

er she was wringing wet. The Mexi-

can women came quickly to help her

change in a tent near by, but Madeline

preferred for the moment to warm her

numb feet and hands, and to watch the

spectacle of her arriving friends.



Dorothy plumped off her saddle into

the arms of several waiting cowboys.

She could scarcely walk. Far remov-

ed in appearance was she from her

usual stylish self. Her face was hid-

'din by a limp and lopsided hat. From

under the disheveled brim came a.

plaintive moan:



“O-h-h! What an awful ride!”



Mrs. Beck was in worse condition;

she hadto be taken off her horse.



“I’m paralyzed——I’m a wreck. Bobby,

get a roller—chair!”



Bobby was solicitous and willing,

but there were no roller-chairs.



Florence dismounted easily, and but

for her mass of hair, wet and tumb-

ling, would have been taken for a hand-

some cowboy.



Edith Wayne had stood the physical

strain of the ride better than Dorothy;

however, as her mount had been rath-

er small, she'had been more at the

mercy of cactus and brush. Her habit

hung in tatters. '



Helen had preserved a remnant of

style as well as of pride, and perhaps

a little strength; but her face was

white, her eyes were big, and she

limped.



“Majesty!” she exclaimed. “What

did you want to do to us———kill us out

right or make us homesick?”



Of all of them, however, Ambrose’s

wife, Christine, the little French maid,

had suffered the most in that long ride.

:Jhe was unaccustomed to horses. Am-

brose had to carry her into the big

tent.



Florence persuaded Madeline to

leave the fire. When they went in

with the others, Dorothy was wailing

because her wet boots would not come

off, Mrs. Beck was weeping and trying

to direct a Mexican woman to unfasten

her bedraggled dress,.and there was

general .pandemonium.



“Warm clothes—hot drinks and

grub—warm blankets!” rang out Stew-

art’s sharp order.



Then, with Florence helping the

Mexican women, it was not long be-

fore Madeline and the feminine side of

the party were comfortable, except for

the weariness and aches that only rest

and sleep could alleviate.



Neither fatigue nor pains, however,

nor the strangeness of being packed

sardinelike under canvas, nor the

howls of coyotes, kept Madeline’s

guests from stretching out with long,





 





 

 





grateful sighs, and one by one drop-

ping lnto deep slumber. Madeline

whispered a little to Florence, and

laughed with her once or twice; and

then the light flickering on the canvas

faded and her eyelids closed. Dark-

ness and roar of camp-fire, low voices

of men, thump of horses’ hoofs, coy-

ote serenade, the sense of warmth and

sweet rest—all drifted away.



When she awakened, 'shadows of

swaying branches moved on the sunlit

canvas above her. She heard .the ring-

ing strokes of an ax, but no other

sound from outside. Slow, regular

breathing attested to the deep slum-

bers of her tent-comrades.



Presently she observed that Flor-

ence was missing from the number.

Madeline rose and peeped out between

the flaps.



An exquisitely beautiful scene sur-

prised and enthralled her'gaze.

saw a level space, green with long

grass, bright with flowers, dotted with

groves of graceful pines and spruces,

reaching to superb crags, rosy and

golden in the sunlight. Eager to get

out where she could enjoy an unre-

stricted view, she searched for her

pack, found it in a corner, and then

hurriedly and quietly dressed.



Her favorite wolfhounds, Russ and





Tartar, were asleep before the door,-





where they had been chained. She

awakened them and loosened them,

thinking that while that it must have

been Stewart who had chained them

near by. Close at hand, also, was a

cowboy’s bed, rolled up in a tarpaulin.



The cool air, fragrant with pine and

spruce and some subtle nameless tang,

sweet and tonic, made Madeline stand

erect and breathe slowly and deeply.

It was like drinking a magic draft.

She felt in her blood something that

quickened its flow.



(Continued next week).





MANUAL TRAINING IN RURAL

SCHOOLS.





 





(Continued from page 526).

lowing this procedure, the old educa-

tional system is in no wayencumber

ed and no extra classes are added. The

work is done during the pupil’s spare

time. Each pupil is in a class by him-

self, giving him an opportunity to pro-

gress as rapidly in the course as he is

willing to work. One pupil can not

hold another back through this system.



The scope of work outlined to be

covered the first year includes from

the cutting of boards with accuracy,

and making simple articles, to the

manufacture of model tables and other

kinds of furniture. A recent display

of the school’s work at a farmer’s

meeting caused many of the veteran

farmers of the county to marvel at the

class of work done. The work is still

in its infancy or experimental stage

but the words of encouragement from

the county and state educational offi-

cials would cause one to believe that

its success at the close of the present

year will have a remarkable influence

upon its introduction into many of the

rural schools in the state.



The urban school system now em-

ploys physical culture or athletics to

build up the body; book knowledge to

develop the mind and intellect; disci-

pline to concentrate the mental forces

and build up a noble and pure charac-

ter; thoroughness to train the pupil

toward accuracy in life’s work, and

Special training to prepare for some

city vocation. But it takes more than

these to make a farmer. A vocational

training that will concentrate the

forces that tends to develop a farmer

out of a farm boy is needed. To this

end the study of agriculture has been

introduced into the schools and in or-

der to strengthen its influence, why

not introduce another factor, the study

of manual training—to train the hands

to use the common tools of the farm

with some degree of skill?





In proportion as men know more and

think more, they look less at individ-





uals and more at classes.-—Macauley. ~





TH E "MIC H“! G-AN FfA‘R M E n-





lib-531





 





 





She





 





 





 





A Road Car of



Wonderful Flexibility and

Consistency of Performance

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make riding easy over the roughest roads. Not a

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WRITE DEPT: 12}





PULLMAN MOTOR CAR CO., York,Pa.





ESTABLISHED 1903





 





 





 





 





Strawberry Plants





(1 varieties at $1.50 to $2.50 per 1000.

' per 100, POSTPAID





Strawberry Plants





$1.60 por1000,0tc. Best Michigan Stock l0')

varieties includinc Ivor-boom ' G ' .

other small fruits. Send today Thraligllre‘l’fahx- ”heme. and

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EVER-BEARI.\G at 81.50





Asparagus at 32.50 per 1000. Grapes, raspberries, etc

ry us .

Allegan, Mich.





Cutaloge irec. Large stock.

THE ALLEGAN PLANT C0.





 

 

 





   

   





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solute—1y Acciira e

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OES the indicating mechanism on your speedometer.

vibrate ?





If it does, it is not a Scars-Cross. .

Sears-Cross SPEDINDICATORS give a steady. non.





vibrating indication of speed because the indicator is con-





trolled by a mechanical DOUBLE governor.





When your Sears-Cross instrument indicates sixteen miles

per hour over a rough road, it indicates that sixteen miles

with a steady hand. which does not iump from ten to

twenty miles per hour.





You don't guess with a Sears-Cross -YOU KNOW.





Ask your dealer to show you the Scars-Cross geuless mechanical horn.





Scars-Cross HORNS, and SPEDINDICATORS for uncquipped

cars :iiich as Ford. Chevrolet. Saxon and Monroe. are for sale by the

was.





Specify Sears-Cross as standard equipment on your new car.





moss CO., Bush Terminal. New York

MMSmioeSufimhalmildpddflu
. ‘APRIL 15, 1916.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





[I fig





Doing One’s Best by the Children





VERY conscientious parent is

anxious to do the best for his

children, but all too often in their



loving anxiety parents confound doing

the “most” with doing the “best.”



“I couldn’t have this when I was a

child, but my boy shall,” says the fath-

er, and strains every nerve to‘give the

'child things he had much better work

for himself.



“I could not go out and have good

times when I was a girl, I had too

much work to do,” says the mother,

"but my girl shall have her chance."

So she overdoes, that daughter may

take her ease, thereby making a lazy,

selfish parasite out of a child who

might otherwise have developed into

a capable, self-reliant woman.



Parents, on the whole, entirely over-

look the fact that it was the very

struggles they were obliged to make

as children which turned them into

the steady, industrious, desirable citi-

zens that they are today. In their de-

sire to make life happy for their chil-

dren they overstep the mark and de-

prive the boys and girls of the real

happiness which comes from effort.



All along the line it is the same with

children of today. Too much is being

done for them everywhere. Beginning

with the first year in school, teachers

are imbued with the idea that work

must be made as easy as possible, and

the child is over-directed. Everything

is supervised, even the play, until the

child, deprived of all initiative, be-

comes a weakling. Play can not be

left to the spontaneous activity of the

child, it must be directed into chan4

nels of development. Time was when

the busy mother could turn her little

ones out in the yard with a twine ball

and a spoon to dig dirt and leave them

to find a stick for a ball club. Now

she is expected to watch over them

while at play, provide them with a

germless ball and bat and see that

their games are constructive instead

of destructive. She can no longer tie

up a bundle of rags and mark a face

on it with a bit of charcoal, for a doll.

Scientific toys which instruct must be

bought, even if the old folks are the

only ones in the house who care a pin

about them.



Higher along in the school the same

devastating principle of making things

easy for the children is carried out.

Learning has been made so easy that

when the average child gets through

school he doesn’t really know any-

thing. Instead of having to get down

and bone, dig things out for himself,

he has relied upon his teacher until

now, if another instructor should come

along and tell him he was all wrong

he wouldn’t know for himself which

teacher was right.



Children are supervised to death.

“What shall we do, now?” is their

cry, whereas they should be so brim-

ful of ideas that they would not know

which one to work out first. And the

children that we consider the most

fortunate, those of the well—to-do, are

really in the worst plight. There is

some hope for the children of the very

poor. Their parents are too busy get-

ting the daily bread to have time to

bother with theories, and the children

thrown back upon'themselves, develop

resources of entertainment. So soon

as theyare ablethey have to turn to

and help out with the family income,

which, while it may look like a hard-





 





 





ship, is really the best thing that could

happen to them. They learn first hand

the pleasure that comes from honest

work well done, and know the worth

of a dollar because they have had to

earn it. Instead of growing up spine-

less creatures with no idea of meet-

ing emergencies, except behind some-

one else, they are 1eady for anything,

resourceful, quick, keen and business-

like.



It is a fine, good thing for parents

to want to do their best for their chil-

dren. But it is a mistaken notion to

think that doing our best for them

means to place them above the neces-

sity of sacrifice and hard work. Doing

our best means to so train them that

they are best able to take care of

themselves. The father who aims to

give his children each a farm or a.

thousand dollars is unselfish but mis-

taken. It would be far better for him,

and the children, to put the young

folks in a position to earn their own

farm while father and mother sit back

and enjoy the fruits of their own hard

labor. DEBORAH.





NEW FURNITURE FROM OLD.





 





BY MRS. EARL TAYLOR.



Just because a piece of furniture is

old and marred and weather-beaten,

do not discard it. If it is strong and

well made it can be transformed at lit-

tle cost into a very pretty and useful

piece of furniture with the aid of a

brush and some paint.



By carefully following directions you

can do the work yourself, even though

you are not experienced in this line of

work. First wash the article until it

is perfectly clean, then let it get good

and dry so it will take the paint well.

If there are any rough places rub them

smooth with sandpaper, then it is

ready to paint and varnish. You may

take your choice of several varnish

stains which represent different kinds

of wood.



Many times it is necessary to use a

ground color under the varnish stain.

Thus, if the furniture is dark and you

are going to finish it in light oak, go

over it first with a coat of ground col-

or, a sort of yellow. Let this dry thor-

oughly and then apply the light oak

varnish stain. Sometimes it is even

necessary to use two coats of ground

color. Let the first coat dry thoroughly

and then if the old color shows through

it is wise to apply another coat before

applying the varnish stain. If grain-

ing is desired on a varnish stain this

may be done with the aid of a grainer.





MAKING FANCY WORK PAY.





 





BY JANET THOMAS VAN OSDEL.



Two girls who started out to make

money by the sale of their fancy work,

at which they were both expert, were

discussing the matter a couple of years

later.



“I’ve given it up,” declared Gert-

rude. “About all I have to show for

my efforts of two years is a beautiful

collection of towels, pillow slips, two

crocheted bed spreads and a lot of oth-

er stuff that I should never have

thought of putting money into just for

myself. 1 Most of them are too expen-





sive to use as Christmas gifts. I’ve

simply been "stung by my money-mak-

ing venture.”



“How strange!” exclaimed Clara.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





‘\





 





“For I am all enthusiasm over my ven-

ture. I cleared $185 the first year and

$280 the second, and I know I shall do

better this year. By ‘cleared’ I mean

the money I made above the expense

for materials. I do not count my time

for I use the odd minutes, and often

hours, after doing my housework.”



But there was really nething strange

about the fact that one of these girls

succeeded where the other failed. The

simple secret of Clara’s success was

that she applied business methods to

her work, the best result-bringing bus~

iness methods. For instance, when the

Irish crochet bags were so popular sev-

eral years ago Gertrude did not begin

making them until she had seen sev-

eral of her friends carrying them. By

the time Clara’s friends were using

them she had already cleared a neat

sum on them and had stopped making

them except when she received a spe-

cial order. She was already at work

on the next fad in fancy work. She

reasoned that when a thing was new,

women were bound to buy it. As soon

as it became common, every amateur

was making it and there was no mar-

ket for it.



All of Clara’s patrons and acquaint-

ances remarked on the fact that she

was brimful of ideas for all sorts of

fancy novelties that had never been

seen or heard of in her town. Conse-





quently, even the women who did'





fancy work themselves patronized her,

if for no other reason than that they

wished to use her work as samples for

their own. The secret for Clara’s be-

ing always able to take the lead in

these matters lay in the fact that sev-

eral times a year she spent a day or

two in the fancy work departments of

the big stores in a neighboring city.

She also observed the novelties to be

found inthe favor, the lace, the rib-

bOn and the lingerie departments. She

always found shown there a number

of articles that would not have been

heard of in her neighborhood for a

year or more had she not introduced

them. .Also, she studied carefully and

profitably the fancy work departments

of the various papers and magazines

and made use of the best ideas.



One reason for the quick sale of

Clara’s articles was that though she

sold every piece at a fair profit the

purchase price did not leave too big a

gap in the pocketbook of the customer.

She wanted her patrons to feel after

they had reached home and examined

their purchase that they had done well

indeed, and she wanted their friends

to think so, too. This prohibited her

from making the very expensive, time-

consuming pieces except when she had

a special order for them. She knew

that she could sell 100 articles at 25 or

50 cents to one $10 piece and with

greater profit. She never made a bed

spread until a daughter of wealth or-

dered one for her bridal outfit. The

price agreed upon for that before Clara

took one stitch of the work was $100.



Clara was well aware that the most

extensive purchasers of her wares

would hardly be found in her own

neighborhood where most of the wom~

en had leisure to do some fancy work.

She suspected that her most profitable

field layamongthe well-paid business

girls of the “city who desired pretty

handiwork butihad not time to do it.

And she had an eye on the very weal-

thy families of the city. She finally hit

upon a scheme for getting in touch

with the business wOmen by securing

permission to display a counter of her





 





work at the door of a good restaurant

patronized by high-class business girls.

Not only did she sell out her stock but

she took orders from a number of

women. And the greatest value of

.these orders lay in the fact that she

thus got the address of these women

and thereafter kept in touch with

them. Also after that successful trial

she had her counter at the restaurant

door a few days before each Christmas,

Valentine and Easter holiday. All

through the year she used the extra

moments when she was not filling or-

ders in making novelties for these hol-

iday sales. As her articles sold for

from five cents up, she could meet the

dimensions of every purse.





Clara did not succeed, however, in

getting a well established trade among

wealthy society women. This was due

to the fact that most of these families

have their regular needlewomen to do

all of their fine work and that they

buy abroad and at exclusive shops.

Clara’s work could hardly compare

with the expensive French work which

they demand. This Clara soon had

the good sense to see, but she also

saw that her work (lid appeal to the

business girls and enough orders to

make it a fairly profitable business for

her. And why cry for the moon when

something quite as satisfactory was

easily within her reach? She had dem-

onstrated with good financial results

that there is a demand for crochet, tat-

ting, embroidery and all sorts of fancy

work provided the woman who takes

up this line makes up-to—date, or a lit.

tle ahead of up-to-date, articles and

then places them on the right market.





 





CHILDREN’S DISEASES.





 





Typhoid Fever.



While it can not be classed with

children’s diseases, the fact that many

chiulren under ten years of age have

attacks of typhoid makes its symp-

toms and general treatment of interest

to mothers. A few cases of typhoid,

even in infants, have been reported,

but they are extremely rare under two

years of age. As in adults, the dis-

ease is caused by drinking infected

milk and water, a fact which explains

why few young children are victims

as their milk and water is usually

boiled.



The disease" ’V'A’rhuch milder in chil-

dren than in"adults. Ulcerations of

the intestines, hemorrhages and per-

forations being not at all frequent.

More often the fever is characterized

by nervous symptoms than by bowel

disturbances. The child is weak and

loses flesh, the weakness correspond-

ing to the height of temperature.

There is headache, and semetimes

mild delirium at night, and in young

children often stupor. These nervous

symptoms subside as the temperature

goes down.



In many severe cases the child also

suffers from bronchitis, and pneumon-

ia is also sometimes present. Tuber-

culosis of the lungs or bones is often

a sequel of typhoid.





The patient should be kept “in bed

so long as there is any temperature,

and indeed for‘ a few days after the

temperature goes down to normal. All

solid food must- be eliminated andmilk

or broth given every.three hours.

Clothing and bed, linen stained ,by a.

discharge should be soaked for a day





in an antiseptic solution and boiled





thoroughly. Indeed all bed linen should





 

   





 





 





 





 





 





1’
*' '5.“ m M}‘





_-;- __ __





vi





l





l‘





 





APRIL15,1916.,





be boiled two hours by itself, under no

circumstances should clothing be used

about the patient be put in with the

family wash. ' . .

DEBORAH.





'CKRINGfFOR ELDERLY PEOPLE.‘





 





{BY HILDA RICHMOND;

One of the most gratifying changes

in the thought and life of recent years





{is the way in which elderly people are





cared for as compared with thirty or

forty years ago. In days gone by very

little effort was ever made to doctor

an elderly person in cases of illness,

as it was thought that there was no

use to try. “Make them as comfort-

able as possible,” was the common

opinion, “for nothing else can be done.”

And the elderly people themselves

shared that idea and gave up without

much of a struggle.



But nowadays the aged people get a

square deal as well as the younger

ones. In our community a man past

seventy years recently recovered from





a very severe illness, and bids fair to-





last for many years. Two trained

nurses and a good doctor worked as

hard to pull him through as they ever

did with a younger patient, and he got

well. In other days he would have

been made comfortable and no effort

made to save his life.



'And it isn’t only when they are sick

that they are cared for in a better

way, but when they are healthy and

strong. It used to be that “Grandma”

or “Grandpa” was not allowed to work

at all. A life of inactivity was all that

was open to them. Of course, it was

all done out of kindness but it was

mistaken kindness. The idea was that

the aged people had worked very hard

for their children and were now en-

titled to perpetual rest. But perpetual

rest is only good for the dead. A lit-

tle work and a little play are good for

the aged as well as for the children

and the great scarcity of farm help

has literally driven thousands of grand

fathers and grandmothers to health

and happiness because they have had

to work.



Of course, the new treatment in-

cludes visiting, entertaining and an ac-

tive interest in everything pertaining

to life about them. Many country

churches would have to close their

doors but for the active elderly people

who keep up services and every other

activity. No longer are grandfather

and grandmother considered too old

to go out, even in cold weather, and

the result of all this change is very

gratifying.



The new departure robs old age of

many of its terrors for it is inactivity

that makes people cranky and discon-

tented. The elderly man no longer di-

vides up his property among his chil-

dren when he gets to be sixty years

old and has no interest in life after

that, but retains the control of the

money he worked hard for all his life.

And the elderly lady Z"““ins her own

home and interests, even though a

widow, instead of “visiting round” to

the end of her days. To be sure, sick-

ness and misfortune come but they

come to young as well as to old.



And besides being a benefit to the

old folks, it helps everybody. There is

constant friction in a home Where e1<

derly people are forced to endure the

cheerful noise and confusion of chil~

dren, it can’t be otherwise. The young

parents can not repress the children

always, and the elderly people can not

be comfortable where it is“ noisy; It

is pleasant to know that one may grow

old without being superanuated at six-

ty, or being a burden to anyone; and

that is one of the privileges our great

grandparents knew nothing about.





poucswomsn pnovs PRACTI-

CAL.





 





London policewomen have justified

their “unfeminine’f undertaking by the

very convincing means of real service.

According to a London dispatch, Eng‘

land, after a six months’ trial, is really





beginning to like them, though at first

there was violent opposition ,to the en-

terprise. Incidentally, these new pub-

lic servants are winning favor not so

much by force as by tact and persua-

sive powers. They have been espe-

cially‘ successful in quieting panic-

stricken crowds during Zeppelin raids,

in dealing with drunken and fighting

soldiers and in calming excited women

and children in the streets.





PROPER FOOD FOR YOUNG CHIL-

DREN.





 





Simple bills of fare, helpful recipes,





and practical directions for the prep— -





aration of foods for children between

three and six years of age, are con-

tained in Farmers’ Bulletin 717, “Food

for Young Children,” just issued by

the U. S. Department of Agriculture.

The bulletin, which was written by

Caroline L. Hunt, under the direction

of Dr. C. L. Langworthy, Chief of the

Office of Home Economics, is easy to

understand and should be helpful to

mothers who are trying so to care for

their children that they will grow up

into stalwart and efficient men and

women. It is issued at this time as a

co-operative contribution to the “Baby

Week” campaign conducted by the

Children’s Bureau of the U. S. Depart-

ment of Labor, and may be secured by

writing the Department of Agriculture,

Washington, D. C.





WOMEN AND DRESS.





 





Thoughtful American women are

more and more endorsing the opinion

of Mrs. Thomas A. Edison that lack of

originality in their apparel and a pas-

sive acceptance of all the vagaries of

fashion are unworthy of the modern

wife and mother. In order to take ac-

tion on the dress question, two million

club women throughout the United

States will begin a nation-wide fight

against many of the prevailing styles

in women’s apparel when the General

Federation of Women's Clubs of Am-

erica convenes in New York in May.





When grease or milk is accidentally

spilled on the stove sprinkle some salt

on at once. This prevents most of the

“smudge,” which you will otherwise

have.—-—E. S. T.





WHAT KIND OF HOUSE ARE YOU

GOING TO BUILD?





 





BY IDA (‘Hl'l"l'l£.\'l)l£.\'.



This question is a very important

one if you are looking forward to a

newly built home, or even to remodel-

ling the old one. Of course, you are

thinking of that splendid living-room,

and the kitchen with its modern con-

veniences, which have now come with-

in the reach of nearly everyone. But

are you also thinking seriously of the

sanitary welfare of your family ac-

cording to advanced ideas of housing?



Our larger cities nearly all have

housing ordinances, and the smaller

cities are falling in line. Not, how.

ever, until we secure a state law will

the very present danger be eliminated.



You will, of course, build your home

on high enough ground so that there

will be surface drainage from the

house, otherwise the water would be

liable to freeze and eventually weaken

the foundation. But will you not do

this same thing also to avoid damp-

ness in the house that would endanger

the health of the inmates, and be sure

that the cellar has perfect ventilation

as well?



We are just now starting a very ag-

gressive campaign against tuberculos-

is. The state has appropriated $100,-

000 for this work. Have you ever con-

sidered what housing conditions may

do to increase the ravages of this

disease?



Every living-room should contain at

least 150 square feet of floor space, ev-

ery sleeping-room not less than 90

square feet, with ceilings eight and a

half feet high. This is the minimum

for safety according to the best au-





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





 





 





 





 

 





r





 

   





“ ' 3 i 1 0 i n

— woman s work _ is never done

Especially on the farm. Busy from morn till night-cooking,churn-

ing, feeding the chickens, getting the youngsters off to school, washing '

dishes and a thousand and one odd jobs.





When the day is done and the lights are lit, out comes the darning

basket. It isn’t fair to mother. Let the whole family wear





I, DURABLE.

DURHAM Hosnsnv





FOR ,MEN..WQMEN_AND CHILDREN





and darning will be a thing of the past. Durable as their

name, this famous hosiery wears best, where the wear

comes hardest. Made of sturdy stretchy yarn, shaped

to fit, with extra strength at heels, toes and soles.

Different weights for different purposes—a hose for

every use, for every member of the family and at a

price you’ll be glad to pay. 10c, 15c and 25¢ a pair.

Ask your dealer“ for Durable

Durham Hosiery. He ought to

have it in stock. as we are the

leading makers of low-priced

hosiery in the world. Have him

show you the 256 mercerized

hose. Don't forget the name—

Durablc Durham.





DURHAM HOSIERY MILLS





 

 

 





i ‘ r K

.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Durham, N. C.





 





 





It is easy to make

a delicious cake





With a good recipe, good materials, and

Rumford Baking Powder, even the young

and inexperienced can make delicious cake.

Cake that is light, tender, nourishing and

digestible, because Rumford is a perfect

leavener, and always gives the best

results. Its uniformity, purity and

healthfulness make home-baking

most wholesome and economical.





tlllllllllllllll|IlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllll





Let us convince you—send for a trial can.





...... umford





for sample can. THE WHOLESOME

$323::::::::::::::__--._____._-,..._:: ............ BAKING

POWDER





City ...............................................

DOES NOT CONTAIN ALUM





 

 





Run-lion!

Chemical Works

Dept. 13

Pm‘ . R. l.





I enclose 4c.





 





(Publication) ............................... . .....





 





Good things to work with makes 11 ht work null

easy work. Look—This Fine Eight-p eve Kitvlu-n

Set and SIX Silver Spoons of Sterling pattern and

Guaranteed for 10 Years. all for the price of the Sp001\>.





$2.00 PREPAID





v v a. Sofishoflon Guaranteed or Money back

-- Send Your Order Today





MACKINAC SPECIALTY CO” Mackinac Island, Mich-

Mr.FniitGrower, MnFumer, KB E P B E E 8





Your orchards will reduce more fancy fruit by 30 dolns. Your berry cro Will be increased

in uality and uan‘iity. Your Alslke and Sweet Clover crops will be greafly benefited. You

1'93 ‘3' cannot a 0rd not. to keep a few colonies one of honey go to waste can your, for

wantot bees to gather it. Progressive farmers and fruit were 0 where now realise the

value of bees. We furnish complete equipment M on Hives. re

Italian Bees. entle and good honey gatheren. r booklet “The Bee

3....“ mud. Keeper and '1‘ e Fruit Grower" tree. Also our general catalog of bee wppliu. ,

Berry BISkCtS 3am! for catalog. We furnish the best wood berry basket and





e.

r wulined b k t h . l k . l

Otter—m wax lined paper baskets, post pfiffloraafil.“ a 0 cap 0 can pee age Speck





M. H. HUNT dc SON,





 





Box 525,. Lansing, Mich.
' Baby’s Bath





“Add a pinch of 20 Mule Team

Borax to the water for the morn-





ing bath. Use 20 Mule Team

Borax instead of soap for the

evening sponge bath. ”





“20 Mule Team Borax solution

heals scratches and insect bites. ”





i “Use 20 Male Team Borax to wash

baby’s clothing, so that it will be

antiseptically clean and non-irri-

tating. ’ ’ (g



“Use 20 Male Team Borax in

washing feeding bottles and other

nursery utensils.” ;





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





These are not guesses:

they are the directions

of well-known doctors

and nurses as found in

their published works.





For Sale By All

W Dealers





 





 

 





 





T H E' ' M"I C H I"’G'A





)thority of the nation. Yet will you,





because an attractive looking plan is

placed before you by carpenter, con-

tractor, or housebuilding catalogue

house, forget this most important fea-

ture and be induced to build rooms

that will not afford sufficient breath-

ing space for the health of the in-

mates?



It is quite untrue that the country

is freer from tuberculosis than are the

cities. One big reason for this is the

cramped sleeping-rooms and the poor

ventilation that you' find scattered

throu the rural communities.



In building a house remember that

the building may last a long time, that





 





 





FOR HOMES, BARNS

and IMPLEMENTS





DIRECT FROM FACTORY

TO YOU. HIGH GRADE

WHOLESALE PRICES

SHIPMENTS lbiADE SAIME

DAY ORDER IS RECEIVED

A TRIAL WILL PLEASE YOU

b END FOR CIRCULAR AND

COLOR CARD. .





PONTIAC PAINT MFG. C0.





PONTIAC. MICH.





 





lmany people may live within its walls;

Jand so build that the health of the in-

mates may never be endangered by

‘lack of thought and care in the begin-

,ning by him who built the house.





THE COOK’S TIME TABLE.





 





BY M. A. L.



Many housekeepers, especially old

ones, sneer at the idea of doing things

“by the clock.” They seem to think

that instinct, or experience, will tell

them when a thing is “done just to a

turn," and that the-kitchen clock is

only to remind them of meal time. Per-

haps with experienced cooks a clock

isn’t so necessary. A mysterious sixth

sense may tell them when the food will

be just right, but even the most expe—

rienced fail at times just because a

dish was cooked too short a time or

too long. A minute too long is as bad

as a minute too little, in most cases.



Take dumplings, for instance. Ev-

erybody likes good, light dumplings

with gravy, but all too few can make

them. Yet nine-tenths of the secret

lies in cooking them just the right time,

no more no less. .Ten minutes exactly

by the clock, boiled with the cover nev-

er lifted a tiny crack, will give the

right result. Nine or eleven minutes

are more than apt to spoil everything.

Yet the average cook will not bother

to time them, and will laugh at you if

you suggest it.



Then there is coffee. Boiling exactly

five minutes after boiling begins, gives

you a good cup of coffee, provided you

have used the right proportion of cof-

fee and boiling water. Boiling less

gives you a decoction which is lacking

in strength, and boiling longer, a black

mass that is unfit to drink. Made in a





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





y -

é ON

allllllyanteed





42m CREAM WW3

SEPARATOR w,





A SOLID PROPOSITION to

sand new. well made, easy running,

gar-feet skimming separator for815.95 ..

kims warm or cold milk making \ ”

heavy or light cream. Bowl is a

cannery marvel, easily cleaned.





ABSOLUTELY 0N APPROVAL





Gears thoroughly protected. Differ-

ent from this picture, which illus<

hates our large capacity machines.

Western orders filled from

western points. Whether dairy

is large or small write for handsome

tree catalog. ddress;





stamens smumon ca.“

3053061 Bainbridge, N. Y.





 





SEND us YOUR

FEATHER BEDS





We make them into modern

Roll Feather Mattresses





Don't be contented with your old-fashioned leather

beds when you can have them made into roll feat-her

mattresses by a responsible company. (Established

11 years in one location). The Jewel Feather mat-

tress is superior in every way to the old style feather

bed, can be rolled up for cleaning and the feathers

are always uniform. We also make feather beds into

pillows. Ticking laundered or new furnished and

feathers cleaned thoroughly bystrongest germicides

known. We prepay return freight. ,Send for circular.





loml Feather Mattress and Budding Company

360 Mlchlnn Avon-a Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 





 





Buy 0 egg WHOLESALE

Your F IN Io-



Getthe ES 311E 100135 0'}: I”1101113

WE PAY POST EXPRESS or R IGHT





IF YOU LOVE (9006 COFFEE BEND FOB PRICE LIST

VNE COFFEE CO. (Est.1881) Cofiee S eclalists

ept. 7, 2855-57 W. Madison St., C CAGO.





lie- wrllin. advertisers mention Illichaan Farmer





 





 





 





percolator, with cold water, exactly

twenty minutes over the blaze is the

right time.



Beef steak, too, when properly cook-

ed, is a delight to even the most fas-

tidious. All too often the choicest

steak is ruined in the cooking. Cook-

ed properly it should be broiled over

the blaze, not more than ten minutes

if an inch thick, nor more than fifteen

if an inch and a half thick. While

cooking it should be turned constantly,

indeed every ten seconds. If you can

not broil it, but must resort to frying,

the spider should be piping hot, with

just enough melted fat in it to keep

the steak from adhering. The fire

must be as hot as possible, and the

cook should turn the steak as frequent-

ly as in broiling. Eight minutes is

long enough to cook a steak in this

way.



All too often, however, the steak is

put untrimmed into the skillet with a

quantity of suet 'drippings and allowed

to simmer for a half hour, sometimes

even an hour. The slow cooking ex-

tracts all the juices from the steak

and the grease in the skillet is soaked

up instead. Thus we have an indiges-

tible and unsatisfactory dish, where

we might have food fit for the gods,

or better yet, for the American farmer.



Baking powder biscuits are ruined

more often by slow cooking than in

the mixing. The oven should be pip-

ing hot when the biscuits go in, hot

enough to cook average sized biscuits

in 20 minutes. Small ones should bake

in 10 minutes.



In cooking vegetables the sin lies on

the side of cooking too long. The small

vegetables, beans, peas, asparagus,





 





“N";FA’RM ERc'





 





etc., are cocked 'until they fall to

pieces, ”and then the water in which

they are cooked is thrown awayand

milk or cream added. In this way the

valuable part of the vegetable is

thrown away and the indigestible hulls

left to serve. Asparagus which will

not cook sufliciently tender in 25 min-

utes is not fit to serve, and a half-hour

is enough for green peas and new

beans. Use just sufficient water to

keep from burning, and do not throw

away a drop. Keep this with the vege-

table juices and if you must have milk

add it to the juice. A generous bit of

butter, with pepper and salt, is better

than a white sauce, however, with

these vegetables.



Corn should cook in at least 20 min-

utes, but if you' plan to cook celery

allow two hours.



Watching the clock while you cook

does not require much effort, and in

several cases I know it has changed

a poor cook into a good one. The right

time, no more no less, is as. essential

as good ingredients and correct mixing.





CENTERPIECE WTIH VENETIAN

CROCHET LACE EDGE.





 





Cut a circular piece of linen 12 inch-

es in diameter and baste a roll hem

around the entire edge. Then work a

row of s 0 through the linen over the

hem completely around the piece and

s1 st in the first s c to complete the

circle.



First Row—Make a row of d 0

around the entire edge.



Second Row—Ch 11, skip 8 st of

previous row. S c in 91h st. Repeat

to end of row and s1 st in the lst st

of ch 11 to fasten.



Third Row—Ch 3, make 8 dc in the

first 8 st of ch 11, ch 3, s1 st in 9th st

of ch 11. Skip the next two st of this

chain and make 8 d c in the first 8 st

of next ch 11, ch 3, 51 st in 9th st. Re-

peat to the end of the row and make

last group 9 d c, fastening last (1 c

through the 91h st of chain and into

top of the first d c of the first group.



Fourth Row.———Ch 12, s c in top of

8th (1 c of first group in previous row.

Continue to end of row.



Fifth Row—SI st to 4th st of ch 12.

Ch 3, 4 tr holding last st of each tr

on needle and slipping all off together.

Ch 11. Repeat to end of row and fast-

en in third st of ch 3.



Sixth Row.——Sl st to 5th st of ch 11.

Ch 16, s c under ch 11. Repeat to end

of row and fasten in first stitch of

ch 16. .



Seventh Row. Ch 4. Make 12 tr in

first 12 st of ch 16. Ch 4, SI st in 13th

st of ch 16. Skip next three stitches

and make 12 tr in first 12 st of next

ch 16. Repeat and make 1 tr in top

of first tr of first group to complete

row.



Eighth Row—Ch 17, s c in top of

last tr in group of 12 of previous row.

Repeat to end of row, making the last

ch 13 stitches. Then make 1 tr in

fist st of ch 17.



Ninth Row—Thirteen tr in first 13

st of ch 17. Ch 4, s1 st in 14th st of

ch 17. Skip the next three st of this

chain and make 13 tr in the first 13 st

of next ch 17. Repeat and make 1 tr

through the 14th st of ch 17 and into

the top of first tr of first group of 13

tr.



Tenth Rout—Ch 5, 1 (1 tr between





 





3rd and 4th tr of last row. Ch 12, 1 tr

between 9th and 10th tr. Ch 2, 1 tr

in top of last tr of group. Repeat to





end of row. Fasten in 3rd st of ch 5.



Eleventh Row—Two s c in the next

2 st of ch 5, 1 s c in the next tr 0, 2

s c in the next 2 ch, 1 s c in the next

tr 0, 2 s c in the next 2 ch, 1 so in the

next tr c( 2 s c in the next 2 ch. (9

ch, skip 1 ch and work into the next

80h1sc,1dc,3trc,1dc,1sc,1

sl st, make another chain of nine. Skip

the first ch and work into the next

eight chain, 1 s c, 1 d c, 3 tr e, 1 d c, 1

s c, 1 sl st. Skip the next tr 0 of the

previous row and make 2 s c in the

next 2 ch, 1 s c in the next tr c m, 2

s c in the next ch of 2, 1 s c in the

in the next tr e, 2 s c in the next ch





APRIL 15,1916.





2. Repeat to the end of row. Fasten ’





thread and break.



Twelfth Row—Make 1 s c in the top

of the petals formed by the ch 9. Ch

5. Make one long stitch in the space

between the two petals with the thread

next tr c, 2 s c in the next ch 2, 1 s c

thrown around the needle four times.

Ch 5, 1 s c in the top of next petal.

Repeat to end of row and fasten in

first s c. '



Thirteenth Rom—Ch 3, 15 d c over

the next 5 ch. Ch 4, 1 s c, in the first

st of ch 4 to form a petal. Skip the

long st, 5 d c over the next 5 ch 1 p.

Repeat to the end of row and fasten

with a Si st in 3rd st of ch 3. Turn

and work a s1 st through last p. Ch

6. Turn again.



Fourteenth Row.—One d c into the

same last p. Five ch 1 d c in the next

p, ch 3, 1 d c in the same p. Repeat

to the end of row. One sl st into the

3rd st of ch 6 to fasten.



Fifteenth Row.———One s c into the

first space formed of the three ch.

Then make in this same space 1 d c

‘ch 3, 2 d 0. Then ch 2, 1 s c in the

3rd st of ch 5 of the previous row, ch

2. Then work in the next space, 2 d c

ch3,2dc,ch2,1scinthe3rdstof

ch 5. Ch 2. Repeat to end of row and

fasten with a s1 st in third ch.



Sixteenth Row.-—One sl st into the

next d c, then work into the next space

formed by the three ch 1 s c, 4 ch, 1

s c, 4 ch, 1 s c, 4 ch, thus forming

three little loops. Then.2 ch, 1 s 0

into the next s 0, ch 2. Repeat to the

end of row and fasten with 3. SI st into

the first s1 st. Break thread.





MICHIGAN FARMER PATTERNS.





 





Our latest Fashion Book, containing

illustrations of over 1,000 designs of

ladies’, misses’ and children’s gar-

ments in current fashions, also newest

embroidery designs, and artlcles which

give valuable hints to the home dress-

maker, will be sent to any address up,

on receipt of ten cents.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





No. 7671—Children’s Apron Dress.

Cut in sizes 4, 6, 8 and 10 years. The

dress closes at the back and sleeves

may be long or short.



No. 7660—-—Ladies’ Shirt-waist. Cut

in sizes 36 to 42 inches, bust measure.

The waist may be made with or With-

our the front frill and with long or

short sleeves.



No. 7652—Ladies’ Negligee. Cut in

sizes 36, 40 and 40 inches, bust meas-

ure. The negligee has a four-gored

skirt and a plain blouse.



No. 7661—Ladies’ Skirt. Cut in siz-

es 24 to 32 inches, waist measure. The

skirt is cut in three gores and has in-

serted side sections.



No. 7676—Girls’ Dress. Cut in sizes

6, 8, 10 and 12 years. The dress has

a separate blouse and skirt. The dress

closes at the back.





\
=‘0rch5rd. well drained. With th





 





.x





n





THENM-ICHIGAN FA’RMER





 

 





Illumllmm "unlit...

83 if

H ~ .





g, mers’ Clubs;





WIIWMIWWIIIlHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlilifliililiflllflillllillfllilflflllfllfllllflllfi

PAT R I O T i S M .





 





Paper read at a recent meeting of

the Ingham County Farmers' Club, by

Eva J. Haskell, and published by re-

quest of the Club.



This is the birthmonth of many

brave and illustrious men. Not alone

is it W'ashington’s and Lincoln’s, but

Greeley, Dickens, Harrison, Jefferson,

Victor Hugo and Longfellow each

claim this as the month of their birth.

Washington was born in 1732, and Lin





 





 

 

 

 





Forty million pair of Shirley Presi-

dent Suspenders have been made,



and given comfort and satis-

faction to the wearers. There is

justone reason why a man contin-

ues to replace a worn-out pair of





Shirl

Presiflznt

Suspenders 50¢





with a new pair of the

same kind. He likes (Item. A trial

proved them to be comfortable and

durable. Future purchases are made

because of satisfaction.



‘Many wearers have a pair for each suit.

It's eonmieut.





Shirley President means

Suspender Ceuiert and a Geese-hm





PRESIDENT SUSPENDER C0.

SHIRLEY. MASS.





Films and Farm lands fill Sale

20 0panellist FOR SALE.





, Acres of No. 1 hardwood cutover lands. a part

of which has been out over several years and burned

over comparatively clean. seeded in the ashes to timothy,

and clover and now covered with tame arses pasture.

eesil ' . So 1 being clay loam. slightly

rolling. Good schools close to all e lands. good roads,

good arm settlements surrounding. Close to Onaway

with good churches, gaood markets and good R. R. sc-

oommodations. For iryinfn, stock raising and larml

in neral no better district Michigan. Price 810.

655.00 acre on easy terms. We own the lands.



’l‘HA . B. PRESTON, Trustee, Conway. Mich.





I MICHIGAN FARMS





own ”JO-ears ranch and two m termswith

buildings; soil clay and sand loam. fine tor fruit;

lam an hop: on railroa close to town, schools.

college, telep one and rural delivery, Iain coin el

ed to remain in California and wil sell any pa oi

ranch from 4) acres up at 50 per acre 9nd sacrifice

the terms at 332.50 per acre. Terms to suit buyer.





W. J. REYNOLDS.

[006 Holllngowoflh Building.

L08 ANGBLBS. CAL.





Michigan Randi lit $22.50 [iii





Iwillsellneoresorinoieoflmy re . ,

ranch at 822.50 per acre; ten per cent down: balance

to suit purchaser. (lady and sandy loam: will grow

an crop. 0n reilro and e to tennis. schools.

college, telephone and R. F. D. I want only bounds

settlers with equipment ready to begin farming.





H. A. CAIN,

Woodville, Michigan





154 Acres Mohawk Valley

Year’s Income about $8600





Owner has another term and isoiferiiiz this one at

arare bargain; only llfxmiiee from three towns; oreh~





 





i

B

E





 





ard of 75apple trees. um and cherries in fine con-

dition. For letaire this attractive liroom house.

fine on wi silo and convenient out-buildi see

)8 e34. “Strout's Money Making Farms,” copy rec.

*6 takes this high-class property, one ter-me ar—

ranged. term of acne for with com-

fortable buildings shown some trip. 13. A. Strout

Farm Agency, Dept. 101. 150 Nassau St. New York.





McClure-Stevens Land Cg;





Succeesomto A. J. Stevens & 00. Established

Farm, Fruit and Stock Lands. We own 18,” ,

of choice unimproved land in Gladwln and Clare

counties. Sold on easy payments. Interest 6 per cent.

Write for information. ‘





Glndwin, Michigan





fiends OPPORTUNITIES”





n ustrated booklet FREE. Midhi has hundreds

of thousands of acres of viigln land. 5.00 specious.

Hflhfigtficg'gnmi 2 i?“ “E'- ”n 1

rs . . . a: . . gent, 00m 4

Grand Rapids an Indiana Railway. Grand Rapids.Mich





New Land,





In Gladwln and Midland Counties, Mich n. We

located, Low prices and our terms. a: roe.

(owner-i. 15 Merrill Bldg. Saginaw, (west side), Mich.





 





’ ACRES so clea level clay loam, 49’ miles from

40 amt Mich red‘ 1 ' ’





.. on grave madreisht room frame

house, well and windmill, telephone, R. F. D.. “a





 





is farm goes



horse-,4 good news. 2 wagons. l plow. 1 disc, 8 oulflvflore.

sir sleighs, Mp machine, etc. Price for whole thingm

1500 down. meiuder reasonable. W.F.Umphrey, EveriVIieh,





Detroit. with stock and tools Dre-



iio" i'eeo M munch: militate" liloI slam

.. . or

Gretict Arum. Mt. Glens-e, Mich.





251 scar srocx rial .. “mummy

Far- Aae-ey. :- . mm. New You

For Sale 5....“ 1°. ‘iW‘f‘fli‘l’

Lye- “. -



a“ FIT. 'Illll. gitgm assist with ”:va





near Detroit. Box 6-415, care Migm Harmer.





coln in 1809.

When Columbus discovered America





lhe little knew what a great nation it





would eventually become.





- And when the people from the old

{world first set foot upon its shores,





they found but a wilderness inhabited

Iby the red men and wild animals.

1 They came here to escape the cruel-

lties of the old world: that they might

be free to express their thoughts and

to build up their homes. But Great

Britain, in her lust for power, deter-

imined that these people should still be

iunder her control; and as the burdens

ishe laid upon them became too heavy

for them to bear, they asserted their

right to the new country, and refused

to submit.



It was then that Washington, a man

of noble mind and presence, became

their leader. History tells us of their





struggle for independence. It was then

that American patriotism was founded.





In 1777 the Congress of the United

States appointed a committee to de-

sign a suitable flag for the nation.

Washington and Robert Norris were

the committee. The flag was changed

several times, but in 1818 the flag was

restored to its original form of thir-

teen stripes, alternating red and white;

at the same time Congress provided

that there should be as many stars as

states, so on the Fourth of July fol-

lowing, a new star is added to the flag.



How well that handful of pioneers

defended their'chosen country, we well

know. For W'ashingion’s army was

but a handful compared with our na-

tion’s armies today. Patriotism has

been instilled in our hearts from our

birth. And yet, we are not many that

descended from that pilgrim band com-

pared to the vast numbers who are

shielded by our nation’s flag. I am

glad and proud that I can truly say, I

am a daughter of the Revolution, for

my great grandfather fought in Wash-

ington’s army. ‘Washington was great

as a. general, and as a statesman: he

was greater still as a man in his sense

of rectitude, in his reverence to God,

and love for his fellow men. During

the Revolutionary war, Spain, France,

and the United States were allies, and

the trea‘ty of peace signed in 1783 was

between England on the one side and

,the allies on the other. Hardly was

the ink on the treaty dry before Spain

made extravagant claims concerning

the boundaries of Florida and even de-

nied our right to territory between the

Allegliany mountains and the Missis-

sippi river. It will help us to form an

intelligent estimate of the possibilities

before us, and the probable future of

our nation if we will briefly consider

its early difficulties and the progress

it has made. For generations the Uni-

ted States has held steadfastly to the

policy outlined by Washington in his

farewell address. If we remain one

people, under an efficient government,

the period is not far off when we may

defy material injury from external an-

noyance. ”Why forego the advantages

of so peculiar a situation? Why quit

our own to stand on foreign ground?

Why, by interweaving our destiny with

that of any part of Europe, entangle

our peace and prosperity in the toils

of European ambition, rival ships, in—

terest, humor or caprice? It is our

true policy to steer clear of permanent

alliances with any portion of the for-

eign world, so far, I mean, as we are

now at liberty to do it; for let me not

be misunderstood as capable of patron-

izing infidelity to existing engage-

merits.



We can better understand what call-

ed forth these wise utterances, if we

know something of the condition of the

country at that time. The United

States was practically but a small

fringe of settlements on the Atlantic

seaboard; to be driven from the coast

was to endure all the privations of the





 





 





 





and forest, and that coast was at the mercy





of any of the naval powers of the day.

Their northwestern and southern boun-

daries were vague and indefinite, of

them they knew little and cared less.

Their western boundary was the Mis-

sissippi river, and this was supposed

to rise somewhere in British America.

It is more than a century since Wash-

ington uttered his words of warning.





(Continued next week).





 





 





@WWIMIWMWMWW





E3

93

:3

0‘9

9’

Imnuimmmumm





Our Motto:—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should

be first improved."





STATE GRANGE OFFICERS.





Master—John C. Ketcham, Hastings.



Overseer—C. H. Bramble, Tecumseh.

.Lec‘turer—Dora H. Stockman, Lan-

Sing.



Secretary—Jennie Buell, Ann Arbor.



Treasurer—Frank Coward, Bronson.



Executive Committee—C. S. Bart-

lett. Pontiac; Geo. B. Horton, Fruit

Ridge; J. W'. Hutchins, Hanover; W.

F. Taylor, Shelby: Wm. H. Welsh,

Sault Ste. Marie; N. P. Hull, Dimon-

dale; Burr Lincoln, Harbor Beach.





 





 





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





Eaton Pomona.—-It could hardly be

said that the meeting of Eaton County

Pomona Grange at Eaton Rapids was

one of the largest ever held in Eaton

county, nor yet that the business tran-

sacted was of great importance, but it

is doubtful if there has ever been a

more finished musical program render-

ed at a Pomona meeting in that coun-

ty. Master Huber called the Grange

to order and the business did not oc-

cupy more than 15 minutes, and was of

little importance. Adjournment was

taken to the dining-room, Where a lot

of business was transacted with more

than passing interest. W. L. Huber,

at the head of the table as pacemaker,

is rather a strenuous leader and the

members find it up to them to go some

to maintain the pace. The dinner was

fine—in fact, a regular 'rGrange dinner

-—-which is the most that anyone can

say in the way of commendation. Af-

ter dinner the members adjourned to

the Baptist church, where the literary

and musical program was staged. The

musical program opened with a piano

solo by Miss Miller, of aton Rapids,

a student at Albion ollege, who de-

lighted her audience by her rendition

of a beautiful number. Violin solo by

Mrs. Mabel Blacke'tt, of Eaton Rapids,

(a) Gypsy Dance, Bohr; (b) Excerpts

from Verdi’s Trovatore. The gypsy

dance was an eccentric composition

typical of the Hungarian, Balkan or

Oriental dance melodies, or in a way,

similar to the rythm of Spanish Zin-

garilla. The Verdi theme was the same

as rendered by Mrs. 'Blackett at the

January Pomona at Charlotte. Mrs.

Blackett was accompanied by Miss

Miller, another piano accompanist,

who “was born, not made.” The solos

of Mrs. Moore were the veriest perfec-

tion of delicacy and refinement. Mrs.

Moore inherits a beautiful soprano

voice of absolute purity and extreme

high range. 'Vocal solo by Mrs. R. H.

Spencer, of Eaton Rapids, who sang

in splendid voice, “My Little Grey

Home in the West,” and “Kathleen

Mavourneen.” Mrs. Keefer accompa-

nied Mrs. Spencer in a very able man-

ner. Piano duet, Miss Miller and Miss

Strong, Eaton Rapids, themes from

Miserre of Trovatore. The subject of

“Co-operation” was discussed by Mas-—

ter Harry W. L. Huber and R. D.

Bates, of Hastings. Mr. Huber spoke

in particular of the success which has

attended the venture of the Co-opera-

tive Shipping Association of Charlotte,

and pointed out the many advantages

to be derived from such co-operative

enterprises.





COMING EVENTS.





Oliver Wilson, Master of the Nation-

al Grange, will visit Michigan this sum-

mer and will speak at four points, M.

A. C. being one, and Adriananother

already decided upon. The. date for

the M. A. C. meeting is July 28. State

Master Ketcham wants to have these

four meetings in Michigan the biggest

and best the National Master ever at—

tended. We can do it if every Granger

will come and bring his neighbor. Let

us put Michigan on the National

Grange map in big letters.





GRANGES ORGANIZED AND FIE-OR-

GANIZED.





The number of Granges organized

and re-organized from January 1, 1916,

to March 31, 1916, both inclusive, is as

follows:





 





 





 





Or anlzed.



California 1; olorado 13; Delaware

1: Idaho 4; Indiana 7; Iowa 2; Kansas

22; Maine 1; Maryland 3; Michigan 7 ;

Missouri 6; Montana 2 Nebraska 7 ;

New Jersey 1; North Dakota 4; New

York 7 ; Ohio 29; Oklahoma 4; Oregon

3; Pennsylvania 10; South Dakota 4;

Vermont 1; Washington 10; Wiscon-

sin 3; total, 152.



Re-or anized.



Kentucky 1; 0 lo 1; Pennsylvania



1; Vermont 2; Washington 4; total 9.





m... a.-- D.....“ WWW-ammo





 





 





23—535





Pedigreed





Just as the pedigreed herd brings

you greater profits, so will the

Saginaw Silo give you greater

returns on your silo investment.

Quality and service are inbuilt

in the Saginaw Silo.





The development of the -

new Silois marked by conun-

uel improvements—the careful

lelectlon of sensible and sons

construction ideas. The Sagi-

naw Silo was the first to use

theSbeel-Door frame, the angle

Seed-Rib, the mighty line.

Dowel and other prov fee-

turee for silo building.





Redwood or Siloiled Yellow

Pine are the beat woods for

n10 building for they are

proof againet the attacks 0!

nature.





Send today for Silo

and Silage feeding’

fecte,oreee ' aw

Salesman. rite





No. 117.





Salinas

The Gold Medal

Silo





THE McCLURE CO.





Cairo,

Dee Main”





Paul. Minn.





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





if

‘ 1' ; ' ‘ J ‘ I -,\

‘° HORE and FIELD ”



The “two in one” shirt style

that good dressers are talk-

ing about -- the ractical





outing shirt that looks well.

This popular model in





HALLpARK





SHIRTS





instantly transforms into a ne lizee

shirt with attached soft collar t in

"ri lit” when buttoned up.



Sol by dealers right in your own town.

Ask toeee ‘ SHORE and FIELD" at

$1.00. $1.60 and up.



HAIL. HARTWELL & C0.. “I". ll!





 

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

 





   

 





et our Cata- ' i'

ogue before ‘

you buy a buggy,





andlearn how ,fi





 





\ _.

High Grade Vehicles

We sell the best. Our goods are strictly

firstclass. They represent the most ex

workmanship and best material. A

inspection is fiven every buggy. You ta

no chances w 11 you buy of us.



The Kalamazoo Trailer

Makes Your Auto Pay Its Way

Reduces hauling ex use. Saves timeJebor

an money.



We have the rig to suit 'your taste at an

attractive price you cannot equal elsewhere.





GIST FULL PARTICULAR! A! om





Kalamazoo Carriage 6 Harness 60.

Dept. A. Kalamazoo, Midi.
36— 24





.4





III-31





' IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII





M a rkc ts.

III|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIII||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHI .

GRAINS AND SEEDS.





April 11, 1916.



Wheat—While the foreign news has

generally favored a steady to weak

trade, the condition of the growing

crop in the United States and other

producing countries, as well as the

prospects for the spring wheat crop,

has given markets strong support. As

the season advances, the area that will

be plowed up for other crops is report-

ed larger and larger as the damage is

better understood by the farmers. Hes-

sian fly trouble is now being added to

the list of bullish items urging higher

values. There undoubtedly will be

wheat carried over from this season

into the next, but the large percentage

of damaged and unmerchantable grain

gives reason for believing that this

quantity will not overcome the disad-

vantages of the coming short crop.

The visible supply shows a decrease

of 796.000 bushels. One year ago No.

2 red wheat was quoted at $1.56 per

bushel. Last week’s Detroit quotations





filIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIII





were:



No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. May.

Wednesday ..... 1.20%, 1.15% 1.22

Thursday ...... 1.21 1.16 1.22

Friday ......... 1.21 1.16 1.22

Saturday . . . . . ..1.20 1.15 1.21

Monday . . . . ..1.22 1.17 1.23

Tuesday ........... ‘





Chicago—No. 2 red wheat $1.21@

1231/2; May $11734; July $1.151/g.



Corn—Corn values show advances

over last week. The lateness of the

spring will require farmers to keep a

larger quantity of stored feeds for

their own use. Improvement in live

stock prices is also encouraging long-

er feeding periods. The visible supply

last week decreased 781,000 bushels.

A year ago No. 3 corn was quoted at

74c; Detroit’s last week’s prices were:





No. 3 No. 3



’ Mixed. Yellow.

Wednesday ......... 741/2 77

Thursday ........... 7 4 1/2 77

Friday .............. 75 1/2 78

Saturday ............ 75 771/2

Monday ............. 75 771/2

Tuesday ............ . .





Chicago—No. 2 yellow corn 79@8OC;

May 751,30; July corn 763/80.



Oats.-—-Generally speaking, the seed-

ing of oats will be delayed about one

week from normal. The demand is

fair and offerings are about normal for

this season. The visible supply de-

crease amounted to 941,000 bushels

last week. Detroit’s last week’s quo-

tations were:





No. 3



Standard. White.

Wednesday ......... 481/3 47

Thursday ........... 48% 47%.

Friday .............. 48 1/2 47%,

Saturday ........... 481/2, 47 1/2

Monday ............. 481/2 471/2

Tuesday ............ . .





Chicago—No. 2 white oats 431/;@

44%0; July 431/2c per bushel.

Rye.—.—Cash No. 2 has advanced a

fraction and is now 93%;c per bushel.

Barley.—Milwaukee prices for malt-

ing grades have advanced to 70@77c,

and Chicago values remain at 64@74c.

Beans.——Supplies are very low, the

demand moderate and market firm.

Cash beans steady at $3.65; April

$3.70; May $3.75. At Chicago market

is quiet but firm, with Michigan pea

beans, hand-picked at $3.90@4; sam-

ples $3@3.75; red kidneys $4.75@5.

Peas—Field varieties are quoted at

$2.10, sacks included, at Chicago.

Clover Seed.—Lower. Prime red is

$10.10 per bushel; prime alsike $5.35.

Timothy Seed.—Prime 100 higher at

$3.60 per bhshel.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





Flown—Jobbing lots in one~eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs, as follows: Best

patent $6.50; seconds $6.20; straight

$5.90; spring patent $6.80; rye flour $6.



Feed—«In 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $24; standard middlings

$25; fine middlings $30; cracked corn

$31.50; corn and oat chop $28 per ton.



Hay.———No. 1 timothy $19.50@20;

standard timothy $18.50@19; light

mixed $18.50@19; N0. 2 timothy $16@

17; No. 1 mixed $15@15.50; No. 1 clo-

ver $12@13. _



Chicago—Firm. Choice timothy $19





 





@20; No. 1 do $17.50@18.50; N0. 2 20





$15@16.

Straw.—Wheat and oat straw $6.50

@7; rye $7.50@8 per ton.





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





 





Butter.—Market continues firm at

unchanged prices except for firsts,

which are %c lower. Extra creamery

36c; firsts 34c; dairy 25c; packing

stock 22c.





nIIIIlIllliIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIllIIIIIIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIlIIlIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIfl -





 





Elgin.—-While receipts have not in-

creased any, on account of the advanc-

ing season, the market is not quite as

firm as last week. The price remains

unchanged. Price for the week, based

on the sales, is 360.



Chicago.—The market is steady and

quiet. On account of high prices the

buying is limited. Prices of fancy

goods are 10 lower but packing stock

is higher. Extra creamery 35c per lb;

extra firsts 341,50; firsts 331/2@34c; ex-

tra dairies 34c; packing stock 241/2

25c.



Eggs.—-—The demand is brisk and al-

though receipts are large prices are 1c

higher than last week. Cur‘ren‘t re-

ceipts are quoted at 210; candled firsts

211/2c per dozen.



Chicago—The feeling continues firm

and prices are slightly higher. Re-

ceipts and consumption are large.

Firsts 201/3@21c; ordinary firsts 19%;

@200; miscellaneous lots, cases includ-

ed 19@201/2c.



Poultry.—-—The demand has been very

active and market is firm. Prices are

higher for all kinds. Spring turkeys

24@250; fowls 16%201/20, according to

quality; spring chickens 181/2@20c;

ducks 20@21c; geese 17c.



Chicago—The market is firm, and

springs and heavy hens are higher.

Jewish holiday demand is strengthen-

ing the market. Turkeys 17@190;

fowls 121/2@19c; springs 20c; ducks

18c; geese 10@13c.





FRUITS AND vase—fines.





 





Apples—Apples are easy and ac-

tive. Prices are unchanged. Green-

ings $2.50@3.50; Spy $3.50@4; Bald-

wins $3@3.50; Steel Red $4@4.50. At

Chicago the market is active and all

firm stock is readily taken. Spys

are slightly higher. No. 1 Greenings

are quoted at $2.50@3.50 per bbl; Jon-

athans No. 1 $3.50@4; Baldwins $3@

3.25; Spys $3.50@4.50.



Potatoes.—Potatoes are easy and in

sufficient supply to meet all demands.

Carlots on track, white $1@1.03; red

95c@$1 per bushel. At Chicago the

feeling is weaker and prices are slight-

ly lower. No Michigan stock quoted;

other kinds sell from 80@97c. At

Greenville potatoes at selling at 75c,

with very few coming to market.





WOOL AND HIDES.





 





Wool—Market continues to grow

stronger, despite the approach of the

shearing season and dealers are as op-

timistic that prices will continue up‘

ward as they have been any time since

the war began. Producers are holding

their offerings at high quotations, and

in many sections contracts are now

being made at sellers’ prices. Farm-

ers are getting as high as 330 for

quarter and three-eighths blood, which

grades are now very scarce in Boston

and other wool centers. Boston quo-

tations are: Michigan delaines 31@

320; do combing 32@37c; do clothing

26@31c.



Hides—No. 1 cured 170; do. green

150; No. 1 cured bulls 130; do. green

10c; No. 1 cured calf 25c; do. green

240; No. 1 horsehides $4.50; No. 2

$3.50; No. 2 hides 1c lower than the

No. 1; sheepskins 500@$2, according

to amount of wool.





GRAND RAPIDS.





 





Not much change is noted in the

egg market, with buying prices still

at 18@19c. Dairy butter is quoted at

25@260. Greenville, Edmore and some

other outside markets report that po-

tatoes are bringing 750 and prices as

a rule, are somewhat lower than last

week. Bean quotations remain un-

changed. Fowls, live weight, are in

good demand at 15@16c.





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





 





Apples continue to sell slowly at 600

@$1.60 per bushel; potatoes $1@1.20;

parsnips 40@600; cabbage 70@85c:

carrots $1@1.15; beets 70@900; chick-

ens 75@$1 each; green onions eight

bunches for 25c; rhubarb 25@400 per

bunch; loose hay moves slowly at $18

@200 per ton.





LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo.

April 10, 1916.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts here today: Cattle 160

cars; hogs 95 d. d.; sheep and lam’bs

d. d.; calves 2000 head.



With 160 cars of cattle here today,

including 25 to 30 cars of shipping cat-

tle, the demand was very strong. The

good choice shipping cattlesold 15@

25c higher, and the medium shipping

cattle 10@15c higher. The good choice

heavy cows and heifers sold 15@25c

higher, and the medium low priced

stuff about steady. They had 22,000

cattle in Chicago today and the mar-

ke twas quoted 15@250 lower at the





 





THE MICHIGAN "FARVMER'I'





 





close," and if they'get‘ a good ,run there

again next Wednesday, it is v-liable 'to

make a lower trade here next Monday

if we should get a fair run. .



Liberal receipts of hogs at 'all mar-

kets forced prices considerably below

best time of Saturday. While our re-

ceipts here we're not very heavy, we

were obliged to fall iii-line with other

markets and the break ranged any-

where t‘rom 10@20c per hundred on

the best grades, while pigs showed a

loss of from 15@25c. A few selected

load-s landed at $10, with the bulk at

$9.90@9.95; pigs generally $9; roughs

$9; stags $6.50@7.50. Our late market

was rather dull and outlook not very

encouraging for balance of the week.



Market was active on choice sheep

and lambs, but slow on the heavy and

coarse, with prices 30c higher than

the close of last week. About all sold

and we look for steady to possibly a

shade lower prices last of the week.



We quote: Lambs $11.75@12; cull

to fair $8@11.65; yearlings $8.50@

10.75; bucks $4.50@7.75; handy ewes

$8.50@9; heavy do $8.50@8.75; weth-

ers $9@9.50; cull sheep $4.50@7; veals

good to choice $10.75@11; common to

fair $8@10; heavy $6@9.





 





Chicago.

April 10, 1916.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Receipts today. .20,000 60,000 13,000

Same day 1915..12,247 28,624 14,780

Last week ...... 27,913 113,329 74,876

Same wk 1915..30,239 105,314 56,352



Hogs sold down 10@200 today be-

cause of the big supply, sales ranging

at $9.10@9.621/é. aside from the prime

light “singeing” lots. Hogs received

last week averaged 219 lbs. Cattle

trade started very late, with buyers

bidding 10@150 lower prices. Sheep

and lambs were scarce and active at

advances of 10@25c.



Cattle supplies have varied greatly

in recent weeks, depending on how

prices were going, the reduced supplies

of the past week being a natural out-

come of unsatisfactory prices. They

turned the course of prices upward

naturally, there being a good all-around

local and shipping demand, and calves

had a good rise, too. The best steers

sold up to $10, with the bulk of the

steers of all kinds selling at $8.50@

9.50, and choice beeves at a range of

$9.50@10. The commoner to fair steers

of light weight found buyers at, $7.50@

8.70, while the medium grade steers

brought $8.75@8.95, with sales of good

steers at $9@9.45. Butchering cattle

had a good sale on the basis of $5.45@

8.50 for cows and $5.50@9.30 for heif-

ers, while cutters went at $4.60@5.40,

canners at $3.50@4.55 and, bulls at

$5.40@7.75. Calves were active sellers

on the higher basis of $5@7.50 for the

heavy weights and $8@9.65 for ordi-

nary to prime light vealers. There

was a strong demand for stockers and

feeders, the insufficient offerings caus-

ing further good advances in prices,

with‘sales at a range of $6@8.70. Stock

and feeding heifers also sold freely

at advancing values for the better

kinds. Judging from late develop-

ments, the course of the cattle market

in the immediate future will depend

on whether country shippers hold sup-

plies down to moderate proportions,

for these times the market cannot ab-

sorb what in normal years would be

regarded as only reasonably large of-

ferings of cattle. Yearlings are begin-

ning to be wanted more than hereto-

fore, with not many good lots offered.

Usually, the demand is especially good

for fat cows and heifers, and these

sell quicker than steers, being the first

to advance and 'the last to weaken in

prices. For a week past cutters have

been extremely high sellers, with not

enough of the choicer cows offered to

go around, and even canning cows sold

unusually high. Late cattle sales were

25@4OC higher than a week earlier.



Hogs were held back by owners last

week to such a marked extent because

of the recent bad breaks in prices that

sellers were able to put the market

once more on a very much higher has-

is. There was a lively general de-

mand, in which eastern shippers par-

ticipated, competing with local pack-

ers for ,the best lots of barrows of

light and medium weight. Hogs com-

ing to this market are averaging ex-

tremely well in quality, and the bulk

of the offerings sell daily near top fig-

ures and within a range of 150 per 100

pounds. Recent Chicago receipts have

averaged in weight 215 lbs., comparing

with 221 lbs. a week earlier, 190 lbs.

at the beginning of the year and 234

lbs. one and two years ago. Hogs are

bringing far higher prices than in -nor-

mal times, and their advance has

caused sharp advances in fresh pork,

as well as in provisions, recent sales

of. pork being made. fully $6 ,per barrel

higher than a year ago. Closing hog

sales for the week were at $9.25@9.85,

comparing with $9@9.55 a week ear-

lier. Top was paid for prime light

singeing hogs to ship east, and heavy

shipping hogs brought $9.671/2@9.80,

while pigs brought $7.50@9.15.





 





APRIL 15, 1916. ~





Lambs 'and sheep are in the same po-

sition as heretofore, with meager sup-

plies and higher prices than were ever

paid before in the month of April, not-

withstanding some recent declines. It

should be understood that the price of

lamb and mutton in the retail meat

markets of the country has reached

such high levels as to seriously dis-

turb consumption, and there must be

limits to the upward course of live

muttons. Shorn flocks are increasing

in number, as is always the case as

the season advances. At the week’s

end wooled flocks sold as follows:

Lambs $9@11.50; yea‘rlings $8.75@

10.60; wethers $8@9.25; ewes $5.50@

8.85; 'bucks $6.50@7.75. Feeding lambs

closed at $10.25@11, and clipped flocks

sold as follows: Lambs $7@9.60;

yearlings $6@8.40; wethers $6@7.75;

ewes $5@7.50.



Horses were plentiful and active last

week at firmer prices, with army hors-

es comprising a large share of the of-

ferings and selling briskly. Light

southern chunks were taken at $55@

100, farm 'workers at $75@125, farm

mares at $140@190, wagoners at $170

@225 and drafters at $230@315.





MICHIGAN CROP REPORT.





 





Wheat—The condition of wheat on

April 1 in the state was 78,‘ in south-

ern counties 73, in the central counties

82, in the northern counties 89 and in

the upper peninsula 98. The condition

one year ago was in the state and

southern counties 86, in the central

and northern counties 85 and in the

upper peninsula 94.



The average depth of snow on March

15 in the state was 5.32 inches, in the

southern counties 1.41, in the central

counties 4.53, in the northern counties

13.34 and in the upper peninsula 23.35

inches.



On March 29 the average depth of

snow in the state was 1.42, in the cen-

tral counties 0.05, in the northern

counties 2.85 and in the upper penin-

sula 17.75 inches. ,



The number of days protection to

wheat by snow, in the state was 16, in

the southern counties 10, in the cen-

tral counties 21, in the northern coun-

ties 26 and in the upper peninsula 30.



In answer to the question, “Has

wheat during March suffered injury

from any cause?” 194 correspondents

in the southern counties answer “Yes,"

and 51 “No,” in the central counties 29

answer “Yes” and 65 “No,” in the

northern counties four answer “Yes”

and 78 “No,” and in the upper penin-

sula 20 answer “No.”



The total number of bushels of

wheat marketed by farmers in March

at 60 fiouring mills is 40,710 and at 82

elevators and grain dealers 61,694 or a.

total of 102,404 bushels. Of this amount

75,214 bushels were marketed in the

southern four tiers of counties, 22,284

in the central counties and 4,906 in the

northern counties and upper peninsula.



The estimated total number of bush-

els of Wheat marketed in the eight

months, August-March, is 7,000,000.

Fifty-five mills, elevators and grain

dealers report no wheat marketed in

March.



Rye—The average condition of rye

in the state is 84, in the southern coun~

ties 80, in the central counties 88, in

the northern counties 91 and in the up-

per peninsula 99. One year ago the

condition in the state and southern

counties was 90, in the central and

northern counties 89 and in the upper

peninsula 98.



Meadows.|—The average condition of

meadows in the state is 89, in the

southern counties 87, in the central

counties 90, in the northern counties

94 and in the upper peninsula 101. The

condition in the state one year ago

was 88, in the southern counties 86, in

the central counties 87, in the northern

counties 91 and in the upper penin-

sula 98.



Live Stock—The average condition

of horses and cattle in the state is 95.

sheep and swine 94.



Fruit.-—-The fruit correspondents

throughout the state report that the

winter has been very favorable for

fruit and that present prospects are

above the average. The following ta-

ble shows the prospect for an average

crop of the various kinds of fruit in the

state and the different sections:



Sou. Cen. Nor. Up.

State. Co.’s Co’s Co’s Pen.





Apples 84 81 86 91 95

Pears 81 81 78 85 85

Peaches .. 76 75 7 84 90

Plums 81 79 77 88 97





Cherries .. 85 83. 86

Small ft... 87 85 90 88 97



In regard to the question, “What per

cent of orchards are being sprayed?”

correspondents report 44 in the state,

48in the southern counties, 33 in the

central counties, 45 in the northern

counties and 12 in the Upper peninsula.





All-kinds 'of fat live muttons are sell-

ing extraordinarily high, and a few

spring lambs from Iowa have reached

the Chicago market.
him. 15-, me.





here’s Our Odor—4-





mN'ever liquefied In

' Values and Prices.





 

   





303310 40 3.?»

y Ours By Mail





'U





mama‘s-en of stud-

erd Inks 'l‘lI-es 51v. Is

the first choice 0 their





Moron sunburn rules

1.4 “.5 Bel... Regular Prices





Their W10 defects in finish—which onlyex'

.811 factory nspectorsere able to detect-m no

my 311661: their high standard of workmanship

at their proved durability. This nukes it possible

for u: to absoluwa guarantee each tire sold for

3.) miles wear.





Plain 8 are "mi

Ola l

:6 by a . cam cue y as)

39 by s as. 0.95 we

30 by 3% 7.95 as us

81 by as; 8.45 9.25 are

33 by 8% 8.8) l3‘15 3.

33 by 4 11.96 e5 sec

34 by 4 12.19 was 3..

as by 4 12.3 14.25 350

3:31;} 445; 11%;?) 14.75 a u

. y . 1855 I ,5

as hi or 11.10 was 4.35

s: bv 455 17.45 1950 4.50

as by s 19.5 21.19 515

37 1.15 19.75 21.75 5.5





Note above rloes on our tubes-they’mwsmm

Firsts booked with a whole .vesr‘smmte .l





 





   





 





Here‘s the surest solution of your tire troubles:

—Seml no money. Simply state what size and

of tire you want. We send C. O. D. on npmvsl.

Hnot est steer the closest in tlon return

at our gimme. A fairer ofl’ercoul not be made.





 





 





 





You to no rhk at any time.



Sandals yourordsr May—itmmafigsmgbm

and the end of all t' m1“.

Plain m- Non-Skid, 310141.313. Q. D. or s. s. .



PHILADELPHIA MOTOR TIRE 00.,

no No. Broad Street Philadelphln, Pu.





0F STAlLlllNS F08 SALE





PElchEHOIlS, CLYDESDALES and NAOKIEYS

Also 20 head, of Choice Hackney

mares with foal.



- Gentlemen I got on my selling clothes.





Write for prices.





JOHN CRAWFORD

Colby Ranch, Stanton, Mich.





 





, Two Registered Percheron Stallions comln

For gala-three smislx. black andgrey.. Will sellior 3%

their mluelt :old soon. T.H.Love. R. 3. Howell. Mich





Percheron, Holstein, in us, Sim him. llurocs

DORR D. BUELL. Imln. lchlasn.

FOR SALE—Reglfitthrfd Percheron Stallion Mare-

[section invited as? L. i( 1N6“ arson. oil]; £335.53:





LOESER BR S.





We have 100 head of Belgian and Per.

cheron Stallions and mares. Imported and

home bred. We have sold pure bred horses

in Michigan for the last 25 years,and have

the right kind, and at the right price. We

can supply any numberoiwork horses,both

geldings and mares. Get 1n touch with us.





LIGONIER, INDIANA.





Re i tered dark bay Belgian Stallion, ten

F“ Sllfl origins old. sound and a sure foal getter,

we' t lbs. Oheapif sold at once. Addrem

J. . Warner, Owoeso. Mlch., Route No. 6.





’ J A ACND K S

M U L E S

usesifisgg‘lgsfdfl





 





and mu] hen



hi it. La registered inch

an drntt lilons cheer now.

Will trodeforsheeoms tleor





horses.erte for prices today. ,

5““ 2‘3“” ' 19“” " '

KREK E 'S JACK ARM West: m ton. ‘» ..





 

 





 





THIS IS THE, LAST EDITION.





Theirsteditionissenttothosewho

have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets. The late market ed1-

Eion will be sent. on request at any

line.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKET.





 





 





Thursday’s Market.

April 13, 1916.

Cattle.





Receipts 1831. The run in all de-

partments was much smaller at the lo-





week ago and the general market was

much more active. Especially so in

the cattle division Where the demand

was never better and the prices on all

grades averaged about 15@25c higher

than at the same period a week ago.

The quality was good. Good milch

cows were very scarce and the com-

mon grades are stilgdull and not want—

ed. Few were buying stockers for re-

turning to the country on account of

the price being so high for butchering

purposes. The close was strong ,as

follows: Best heavy steers $8.50@

8.75; best handy weight butc’her steers

$7.75@8.50; mixed steers and heifers

$7.25@8; handy light butchers $6.50@

7.50; light butchers $6@7; best cows

$6.50@7; butcher cows $5@6.25; com-

mon cows $4.25@5; canners $3.50@

4.25; best heavy bulls $6.25@7; bolog-

na bulls $5.50@6; stock hulls $5@5.50;

feeders $6.75@7.75; stockers $5.50@

7.25; milkers and springers $40@75.



Reason & S. sold Bray 5 cows av

1072 at $6, 1 do wgh 1220 at $7, 1 do

wgh 1100 at $7, 1 steer wgh 1045 at

$7.50: to Thompson Bros. 11 butchers

av 993 at $7.25, 1 steer wgh 918 at

28.25; to Breitenbeck 1 do wgh 750 at



7.50, 3 cows av 1015 at $5.75; to Sul-

livan P. Co. 12 steers av 1153 at $8; to

Fineman 2 bulls av 950 at $6; to Bliss

2 do av 925 at $5.65, 1 do wgh 800 at

$5.40, 2 do av 900 at $5.35; to Thomp-

son Bros. 16 steers av 852 at $7.40, 1

do wgh 770 at $6.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Thompson Bros.

6 steers av 895 at $7.60; to Hely 7

cows av 774 at $5.25; to Mich. B. Co.

12 do av 1008 at $5.75, 5 bulls av 1392

at $6.35, 1 do wgh 1370 at $6.25, 3 heif-

ers av 773 at $6.75, 3 cows and bulls

av 1060 at $6.35, 1 steer wgh 610 at

$6.50, 5 do av 1060 at $8, 13 cows av

1004 at $5.60; to Hammond, S. & Co.

4 do av 942 at $4.10; to Bresnahan 7

heifers av 516 at $5.50; to Newton B.

Co. 22 steers av 1083 at $8.50, 1 cow

wgh 1020 at $4.50; to Thompson Bros.

7 steers av 750 at $7, 2 do av 720 at $6,

4 butchers av 1150 at $6.50: to Graves

4 bulls av 1400 at $6.50; to Bresnahan

1 steer wgh 960 at $6.25, 1 do wgh 870

at $7.75, 8 cows av 1070 at $6.25: to





 





1070 at $6, 3 do av 850 at $7.65; toi

lGraves 1 bull wgh 1350 at $7; to Bres-:

,‘nahan ! cow wgh 1080 at $4.25, 1 steer}

Ewgh 1070 at $7.50, 3 cows av 1050 at'

$5.75, 4 do av 1000 at $6.25; to Ham-i

mond, S. & Co. 3 do av 950 at $4; to;

Sullivan P. Co. 2 steers av 1150 at $8,i

6 cows av 1000 at $5.90; to Graves 1!

bull wgh 1350 at $7, 4 do av 1250 at!

$6.40; to Thompson Bros. 7 steers av‘

775 at $7.2 do av 870 at $6: to Sullivan

P. Co. 10 do av 902 at $7.40, 6 cows av

950 at $5.50, 5 steers av 1175 at $8.50;

to Hammond, S. & Co. 8 cows av 975





at $5.35.

Veal Calves.

Receipts 1263.

change in the veal calf department; a

few choice brought $10.50 but the bulk

was at $10 for good and $5@9 for me-

dium and common weights.





 





$10, 3 av 110 at $6, 16 av 120 at $9; to

Rattkowsky 4 av 140 at $10.50, 1 wgh

140 at $7.



Reason & S. sold Sullivan P. Co. 3

av 150 at $10, 20 av 140 at $10, 3 av

150 at $8, 21 av 140 at $10.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts 1509. The sheep and lamb

supply was very small and prices aver-

aged 25@5OC higher than they were

a week ago, selling as follows: Best

lambs $11.50@11.65; fair lambs $11.25

@1140; light to common lambs $9.50

@10; clip lambs $9.25@9.50; fair to

good sheep $8@8.50; culls and com-

mon $6.50@7.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Thompson Bros.

16 lambs av 95 at $11.50; to Nagle P.

Co. 3 spring lambs av 45 at $16; to

Mich. B. Co. 175 wool lambs av 90 at

$11.65, 13 do av 80 at $11.65, 3 do av 80

at $10, 74 do av 83 at $11.65, 36 do av

65 at $10.50, 21 clip lambs av 80 at

$10, 6 sheep' av 75 at $6; to Sullivan

P. Co. 65 wool lambs av 95 at $11.65,

5 do av 75 at $1050, 4 clip lambs av 90

at $10, 7 sheep av 125 at $7; to Nagle

P. Go. 73 clip lambs av 55 at $9, 38 do

av 60 at $9, 49 do av 60 at $8, 202

wool lambs av 65 at $11.25.





Hogs.

Receipts 11,178. In the hog depart-





 





. ment the trade was about 5c higher





than on Wednesday. Pigs $8.25@8.65;

,yorkers and mixed $9.50@9.§§.





cal yards than at the same period 3.





Thompson Bros. 18 steers av 1040 at.

$8.75, 6 do av 1090 at $7.75, 6 do av‘





There was but little!





Roe Com. Co. sold Nagle P. Co. 2~ av:

125 at $6, 3 av 165 at $10.25, 2 av 130 at '





   





trail a MICH IGA N FA R M E R





I _.





 





HY do you—why





Ask the man who owns one. Go

with him inside his Indiana Silo.

Examine every stave. Hunt for

defects and faults. Run your hand

over the inside wall. As smooth as

an egg! Look at the air-tight doors

and the rigid door frame. No off-

sets or corners anywhere. Exam-

ine the joint where two staves

come together endwise in a two-

piece Indiana Silo. No metal. No

place for moisture to collect or for





= hen thinking of Silos, your

first thought is of the





stockman think of the Indiana Silo as

the standard by which he judges all silos?





 





 





 

 

 

 





, ii

“.Er‘h- -





 

 





 





BEN





does every farmer and





   

   

   





decay to begin.



Examine the silage from center

to wall. The same all the way

through and all good!



Then make this kind of an investi-

gation of any other silos. Remem-

ber that the Indiana Silo is very low

in price, sold on terms to suit you

and guaranteed. When you have

made this kind of examination, you

will understand why the Indiana is

first choice among silos.





   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 





 

 





 





 





the price of materials.





 





 





582 Union Bldg" Anderson. Indiana

582 Exchange Bldg“ Kansas Clty.Mo.





 





Buy an Indiana d‘iIo now. before further advance: in

Write today for particular:





THE INDIANA SILO COMPANY





 





 

 





 





   





 





 





 

 





582 Indiana Bldg.. Des Molnes. Iowa

582 Live Stock Exch. Bldg" FLWorthJ‘eI’.





 





 





 





 





Port-bl





 





mu essnmmuu





III "II Klllfl “I "If film“ one!

Gombault’s





Gauslic Balsam





IT HAS NO EQUAL





 





   





 





   

   

   

   

   

   





 





 

   

   

   

   





1

l





 

   

   

 





 





   





— A —

—lt ' notat-

For ingsipzmng and Perfectly Sale

lie-ling, and for all Old and

Sores, Bruisespr

0 Wounds, Felons, Reliable ROM“!

Exterior Csncers,Boils '0

lluman §?.'.'.".:.‘.“‘ '

s.

cmsnc BALSAMlhas 5“” 11"“3'

Body 2° our. Ohm cow

Baekache

. We would say to all Neural ia

who buy it that it dscs‘ 9

null contain eugeniclc Sprain:

o poisonous stance -

l and 61:31:: no harm LStrz'ans

can re one its cx- um o

l l tonal use. Persistent. . g.

' tllursunlal use It?“ cure Diphthefla

may 0 or . ronic-

ailments and it can he Sore Luv”:

_ Rheumatism

requires an outward and





application with





serfeot safety. all Still Joints





REHOVES THE SBRENESS~STREIGTIIENS MUSCLE:

Cornlllll, Ten—“One bottle Csustlc Balsam did

my rheumatism more good than $120.00 paid in

doctor'sbills.” OTTO A. Blil’lfiR.

Price 31 .60 per bottle. Sold by druggistl, or sent

byul express prepaid. Write for Booklet 8..





The “WE-WILLIAMS WMPMIY. Cleveland, ll-





 





 





 





uscd on any case that]





 





   

   

 





 





”your farm is well drained it will produce

more and your returns will be greater.





American Vitrified Tile





is the best for drains—both private and

public. It comes in sizes from three inch to

27 inch and it is both frost and acid-proof.

Ask your dealer or send for cal-load‘prloee.





American Sewer Pipe Go.

MSI. James St, - JACKSON, llcll.





 





 





 





Triple-Power

e Stump Puller





 

   





Ills".





Biggest: stump pulled in five minutes or

less. Clears an acre ofland a day. Makes

your stump land [roomy land. 30 days' ' .-.

free trml~3 year guaranty. Get our new .

u m 5 book and special low price offer now. 4

NEWS MFG. 60.937 24th St, Contomllo, a. 1 ~ ' .

smash PlWlEI—l'ulis mm in. on host in.” a.“ i , . 3





 





 





.MEDICATED SALWH





No stock owner should pay 4c to 5: per

und f-or Medicated Salt when he can make

1: for llfic to 2c per pound by buying the

Eedicine and sell: separately. It is very easily

ixed by hand with a shovel. The best for-

muls known is that used in Blackmsn's Medl-

csted Salt Brick, on which there is an enor-

mous trade.

The Brick sud formula. was originated .

few years ago by Dr. G. B. Blackman, a veto

erlnsr-ian of twenty years’ experience, and

aduate of the American Veterinary College

of New York City. Other veterinarians use

and recommend it, on account of the splendid

formula and its great convenience.

A package of this medicine suflicient for 100

lbs. of salt, costs only $1.50. delivered. It ill

cheaper in larger lots. It will clean the worms

out of your stock, purify the blood, straighten

out their kidneys, and make them look and

eel like new creatures. Satisfaction is guer-

enteed or money refunded. Some stock owners

ot only mix their own medicated salt, but sell

their neighbors and double or treble their

oney. .Try it once and you will always use it.

lackman Remedy 00., Chsttanooge. Tennessee,





MlNERALmes

~ \ HEAVE5y2...

COMPOUND





 





 





 





 

 





Booklet

Free





NEGLEGT





Will Ruln .

Your Horse





     

 





33 Package





war-nosed to glue





   

   

 

 





 

   

 





Sold on ' ', ssllstacl'lon‘ord

Its Merits .. m0! re on o

J 31 Pscka sutlicient

stun TODAY £1 for “dig?” cases.

AGENTS in}. Postpaid on receipt of price A





WANTE . '4- ' Wrmtsrducrletlve booklet L" ,

IIIEIAL um IEIEM 00.. 463Fourth Ave. ”hum. h.





Ship your good quality to Is.

Highest larket Prices.

E. L. Richmond Co., Daron.





FIE HARPSTER COMMISSION 00.. Union 3

\qzds, Toledo. 0.. Sell live stock on cumming:

§§drllglzhelt I[-lcl‘leesfand bilast lEllis.ft Try them. Daily

0 e o . '

Financially backed all; 01:)801'31.&n.&i).y° II 1' interest.





F‘n'Ens~“e u'lll pay premiums whenever possible

, above the highest oficisl Detroit Market

quotation’fgr your eggs shipped

press W rlte us for information.

Amerlcsn Butter & Cheese 00..





 





 





 





direct to us by ex-

It will pay you.

Detroit. Mich.





EGGS "c —Smnll consignments from

.. - ' - producersin our territor

bring we attractive prices. lleturns or o

‘ arrival. efer to Dun or Bradstreet. Zenith

m & 8:: Co. 335-89 Greenwich St. New VomitV





EARLY ROSE SEED POTATOES





at $1.50 per bu. F.0.B. cars, WALTER L. DECKER.





 





 





 





HAY Ship To The Old Reillble House

Daniel McCsffrey’s Sons Cm.

.-.._._._ 523425 Webs-h sue. ma. 9..





Brighton. Mich.
538—26





The Middleman,a





HUNDRED years ago the per-

A ishable farm products used in



the city all came from nearby

farms—there were no. means of bring-

ing them over. greater distances. In

1812, when the Washington market

was built in -New York City, it was a'

place where the farmer brought his

goods and sold them to the people. To-

day conditions are more complex and

the means of establishing a direct

route between producer and consumer

less obvious.



The development of railroad and

steamship transportation has brought

the farmer of South Carolina and Kan-

sas as near New York City as were

those of Long Island one hundred

years ago. It has removed any limi-

tations on the growth of the city which

might have been imposed by the diffi-

culty of getting an adequate food sup-

ply, and, as a consequence, the city

has grown until it is dependent upon

the production of a very wide area for

is continued existence.



Sources of Supplies.



The commercial articles of food are

often brought great distances: pota-

toes, for instance, are brought to the

New York market from Maine, from

the western states, from Bermuda,

Scotland, Ireland, and Belgium; onions

from the south—Virginia, South Caro-

lina and Texas, from the western

states, and from Italy and Spain; green

vegetables of all kinds are brought

from nearby farms and in very large

quantities from the south and west—in

the flush of the season one railroad

bringing over 300 carloads a day, and

one steamship line running two steam-

ers daily in the busy season between

New York and Virginia; oranges and

grapefruit come from California and

Florida, the W'est Indies and Mediter-

ranean ports; apples from New Eng-

land and New York, Michigan, Oregon

and W'ashington; cauliflower .comes in

the early season from Cape May and

later from Long Island; melons from

California, Colorado and the south,

bananas from the West Indies and

South America, and so on. It is esti-

mated that the value of foodstuffs

brought to New York City annually is

$900,000,000.



With these conditions in mind, let

us raise the question, “Is the middle-

man an essential factor in the distribu-

tion of foodstuffs»particularly perish-

ables?”



How they are Known.



The men who handle the farm pro-

ducts between the farm and the New

York City consumer may be classified

roughly as: (1), shippers; (2), com-

mission merchants and wholesalers;

(3), jobbers; (4), retailers.



The largest receivers in the city are

the commission merchants or whole-

salers who receive goods on consign-

ment or sale and sell to jobbers and

sometimes retailers. There are some-

thing over 500 men engaged in the

COmmission business of this city. In

general they have a commission of five

per cent on sales.



It is impossible for the large whole-

salers and commission men in the city

to conduct their business on such a

scale that they can divide up their

goods into small enough lots to sell to

the ordinary small retailers. For this

reason an intermediate group of mid-

dlemen has arisen, known in the New

York market as jobbers, who perform

the next step in the dividing and dis-

tributing process. Goods sometimes

pass through the hands of three or four

such dealers before reaching the re-

tailer. They sell to hotels and to

fruit vegetable dealers in the outly-

ing districts who cannot take the time

reQuired to buy in the primary markets

--to go from place to place to select

just the right grade of goods for their

trade, and many of them cannot take

goods in large enough lots to buy as

the commission dealer must sell. It is

cheaper for them to buy this service





THELUCHIGA





NFhRMEr





 





By DON ’ FRANCISCO ,.





than to perform it themselves. Were

all the retailers in New York to send

their wagons to the primary market

for a day’s supplies it is estimated

that it would be a week before‘the last

of this procession of conveyances had

secured its load. In a large city, direct

buying by. the retailers at” a primary

market is not only physically impossi-

ble but financially extravagant.

On Price Changes.



It is interesting to consider another

phase of the distributing business—

the fluctuations of the jobbers’, retail-

ers’ and consumers’ prices. The im-

pression is widespread that the con-

sumers’ price does not fluctuate with

the retail purchase price, and that the

jobbers’ price to the retailer does not

fluctuate with the price paid the pro-

ducer.



In New York City the Mayor’s Mar-

ket Commission reported that “the

greatest fault of the present system is

the inflexibility of prices. They fail to

reflect the fluctuations of wholesale

prices so greatly that the wholesale

market may be glutted and goods be

spoiling in the freight yards, and the





M

' IQ"





 





a side line to meet the ordinary de-

mand of the customers of the store. In

the country districts competition in the

sale of perishables is less active. The

above conditions mean unnatural com-

petition and indicate an unhealthy mar-

ket condition. Probably they are more

common to other lines than to orang-

es. This citrus fruit furnishes a year-

round business on the product of an

industry which has been stabilized and

efficiently organized.

Are Jobbers Honest?



The jobber has been accused of dis‘

honesty. In considering this accusa-

tion it is interesting to note that.dur-

ing the past eleven years the Califor-

nia Fruit Growers’ Exchange has done

a business with the jobbing trade

which returned to California practical-

ly $160,000,000, and during that time

lost through uncollected bills, failures

in business and all other causes, less

than $8,000—a striking tribute to the

integrity of the jobbing trade as a.

whole in this country.



They Render a Necessary Service.



The position of the “middleman” in

the merchandising system is widely





v.7: :._r -r





Graphical Representation of FluctuatiOns in Jobber’s and Retailer’s Prices.

Lower Line is Jobber’s Cost, Middle Lines Jobber’s Selling Price, and the

Upper Lines Retailer’s Selling Price.





retail prices through the city be

scarcely depressed.”



In direct contradiction to this we

have the data assembled by the Cali-

fornia Fruit Growers’ Exchange. The

accompanying diagram shows carlot,

jobbers’ and retailers’ prices on orang-

es in twelve representative cities and

their fluctuations during 12 months.



From this chart it will be seen that

the three prices taken as a whole,_ do

follow each other with almost exact

regularity.



Custom and Competition.



This “sympathy” between the dif-

ferent prices must necessarily follow

where the competition between the dif-

ferent wholesale and retail dealers

exerts itself naturally. Probably the

larger and more highly organized the

business, the closer will the fluctua-

tions follow one another.



Failure to follow may also be at-

tributed to other causes. A season of

high prices will accustom the public

to regard those prices as normal, with

the result that they either cease to buy

the article or view with suspicion

goods marked at a lower figure. The

public knows very little about whose-

sale prices, as they are not reported

in a way to reach average consumers;

consequently the demand for goods is

not formed intelligently. The system

of marketing goods through a long ser-

ies of dealers tends toward rigidity in

demand and price. Both jobber and

retailer are cautious about buying more

than their accustomed trade will move

off, and prefer to buy the usual quan-

tity and hold it at a profitable price

than take the risk of buying freely

when the market is low and working

up a demand for the goods. Some-

times jobbers or retailers combine to

maintain a minimum price. At other,

times perishables are often carried: as





 





misunderstood. To this factor the high

cost of distribution is popularly as-

cribed and there is a widespread agita-

tion that he be eliminated. in a pre-

vious article we have shown how only

8.2 per cent, or a mark-up of 14.2 per

cent, represents his margin and that

he is not the leading factor in the cost

of distribution. I



The 2,500 jobbers of this country

perform a distinct function in assemb-

ling perishables in the distributing

centers, in storing, financing and dis-

tributing the growers’ products through

their 7,500 traveling salesmen to the

300,000 retailers. These functions

must be performed by someone and

the jobber, who distributes his over-

head charge over a group of products,

can do it more economically than the

producer, who would attempt to reach

the consumers or retailers with a sin-

gle perishable crop that is variable in

supply and subject to climatic disaster.

The jobbers are desirable to the dis-

tributing chain so long as they present

the goods properly to the retailer, at

a reasonable margin and under condi-

tions that do not curtail consumption.



Bulk of Produce Must go by the

Dealers.



To be true, there are a very few not-

able examples of success in selling per-

ishables direct from producer to con-

sumer. But the days are past when a

majority of the people bought direct

from the farmer, at such places as the

above mentioned Washington Market

in New York, and the tendency brought

on by modern condition of living is

more likely to be toward Wider separa-

tion.



Direct selling is feasible for the

handling of a specialty, a small'output

of perhaps some. rare fruit or an insig-

nificant quantity of a particularly fan-

cy line of vegetables. But in general





 





odcrn i -





' APRIL 15, 1916.5





such schemes are not applicable to the-

marketing of large supplies and do

nothing to either lower the consumer’s.

price or increase the return to the pro-

ducer.



Producers of the country’s staples

cannot sit back on the farm and await

the consumer’s orders for express or

parcel post shipments. If they did,

those products would not be sold. The

supply of most lines really exceeds the

demand and they are disposed of

through the continual bombardment of

salesmanship in the direction of the

consumer. Two thousand five hundred

jobbers with 7,500ysalesmen means five

times more men attempting to sell pro-

ducts to the retailer than were there

only 500 jobbers with 1,500 salesmen,

and five times as many chances that

the retailer will buy.



Probably there are too many job-

bers in this country to carry on the

distribution of perishables in the most

economical manner. Probably if the

federal government were to take

charge of food distribution the first

thing it would do would be to elimi-

nate four out of five jobbers in the be-

lief that one could cover the territory

formerly supplied by the five as effec-

tively and much more economically.

Big business is economical business.

That is why a large co-operative organ-





ization can give a better service—a.





more expensive service—than a small-

er one or an individual shipper and

still cost less.



But from the producer’s standpoint

the elimination of four-fifths of the

middlemen and therefore of four-fifths

of the competition, four-fifths of his

buyers and four-fifths of. the forces

which are pushing his goods toward

the retailer—would have a very 'doubt-

ful influence on the cost of distribu-

tion, the price realized by the producer

and the price paid by the consumer.



If the jobber and retailer are per-

forming a vital service in bridging the

gap and are doing it eiflciently and

economically then each has an eco«





nomic justification and each will con-'

, .





tinue as part of the distributing sys-

tem as long as he continues to per-

form the service 1'11 this way. Wher-

ever a better link can be forged then

a part of the present chain will drop

out whether it relates to a service per-

formed by the producer, the jobber or

by the retailer.





 





GOVE‘RN MENT AND CO—OPERATIVE

AGRICULTURE.





 





The American commission members

cross-examined the Austrian officials

rather liberally to ascertain the extent

of government aid to co-operative ag-

riculture. The following Questions

from the evidence is the Austrian at-

titude:



“Without doubt Austria . has been

the land of government aid through

co-operation, especially in agriculture.

The savings and loan societies of the

Raifl’eisen type, however, were organ-

ized without any aid from the govern-





‘ment and without governmental or





official recognition. They were estab-

lished by the initiative and judgment

of the people themselves, but they are

the foundation, the beginning and the

end of co-operative agriculture in Aus-

tria. They have organized the agri-

cultural industry and provided the

means for their foundation and man-

agement. As a. matter of fact, the

government at the beginning was

hardly friendly to them, but later saw

the importance of them to the welfare

of the nation, and for many years has

encouraged co-operative development

because, in carrying out its responsi-

bilities the government feels it to be

its duty to promote them on natural

ground, in the development of social

and political economy. It interests

itself along the line of education, 160-

ture courses in allischools of the king.





cccssity'





 





 





t

s

i





E





i

l

l .





fl





‘W'w ~:‘





1 P w.
‘WW





 





...,--mu-—~.‘....-M_.:-wm b m “it” “v





 





melons,





dam. from the high school don to the

Intermediate winter schools, especially

through the agencies which extend the

knowledge concerning cooperative

principles and their economic value.

But the amount which the government

grants towards the general expenses

of these 'organizations is altogether

insignificant. The government aid in

the aggregate amounts to about two

hundred thousand dollars.





 





THE MILK INSPECTION PROBLEM.





 





(Continued from page 622).

employment in this capacity that he

keep free from political alliances.



The Dairyman is an American and

Does Not Like to be Ordered

Around.



One result of our political system

has been therefore that in the inspec-

tion departments there have been plac-

ed in authority, with power to super-

vise the conditions under which milk

is produced upon the dairy farm, men

who have influence in politics but who

have absolutely no appreciation of the

work they are called upon to do. Some

oflicials believe that they are not ex-

hibiting a proper degree of official

poise unless they impress upon the

producer or the farmer, the fact that

they have a certain amount of arbi-

trary authority. Consequently the

milk inspector goes to the farm and

after a brief inspection proceeds to in-

form the dairyman what he must do in

order to make it possible for him to

sell his milk in the city. He tells him

also what certain things he must ob-

serve and if these are not done as the

inspector orders, as a penalty therefor





THE MICHIGAN. FARMER





toes $1: beans $3.40; hogs $7@9. Buy-

ers are anxious to contract for wool

Which gives promise of high prices

this spring. Sheep are selling at fabu~

lous quotations.



Mecosta 00., April 6.-———The weather

has been rather cold. Fall seeding is

small, but does not appear to be Win-

ter-killed. Feed, especially roughage,

is very scarce. Do not think fruit

tree are hurt any. Very little maple

syrup was made in this section. Farm-

ers are behind in starting spring work.

Hay $12@15; butter-fat 38c; potatoes

75@800; beans $3.25; cattle $2.50@

5.50; hogs 9c; hens 14c.



Arenac 00., April 5.—Meadows are

badly damaged. Wheat and rye are in

fair condition. Live stock is looking

good and farmers have some rough

feed on hand. Those having orchards

are now pruning the trees. The maple

sugar harvest was small. Fields are

very wet. Vl'heat 90c; beans $3.25;

oats 52c; hay $10@12; roads are in

very bad conditions. .



Gladwin 00.. April 1.——Two bridges

across the river were swept out by the

high water and ice. Roads are in bad

shape. There will be a large acreage

of sugar beets planted .in this section.

More would be planted but for the

shortage of seed. Live stock is in

good condition, and the lamb crop is

good. Butter 30c; cream 370; eggs 160;

potatoes 90c; onions $1.25.



Hillsdale Co., April 6.-——Farmers are

just beginning to plow. Roads are in

the worst condition in many years.

Wheat and rye fields are not looking

very encouraging. Clover is looking

fine. Fruit trees seem to have come

through the winter in good condition,

with most of the blossom buds alive.

Farmers have plenty of feed on hand.

It has been found necessary in many

cases, to sort corn in the cribs, as

some of the poorest will not keep in

Warm weather. Not much was done

this year in the line of making maple

products. Beans $3.50; potatoes 900@

$1; clover seed $10@11: eggs 18c;

good dairy butter 300; hogs $8@9.50;

cattle $4@5.50; veal 9c; raw hides





the dairyman is shut off from his mar- 14c.





ket. In many of these dialogues the

quality of the milk which this particu-

lar dairyman produced never enters

into the discussion at all. It sometimes

happens, in fact more frequently than

one would suspect, that the means by

which the thing is to be promoted is

given more value than the end itself.

The public is not interested in the

manner in which the farmer works to

produce clean, wholesome milk. In

common language. the final test should

revolve around the quality of the milk

which the farmer produces and not

around the manner in which he pro—

(luces it.



We are quite willing to concede that

the score card method is perhaps the

shortest way for the farmer to produce

high-grade milk, but the acceptability

of that product in the city market

should depend upon the product itself

and not upon the manner in which the

farmer produced it. p

More of Diplomacy and Less of Police



Function Needed.



The score card system of judging

dairies is an admirable thing. Placed

in the hands of inspectors and agents

who appreciate what it was designed

for, it will accomplish great good. We

believe it would be perfectly proper for

boards of health and state inspectors

to encourage the adoption by individ-

ual dairymen of the score card as the

ideal to which they should work, but

it should be impressed upon them that

ideal conditions do not make ideal

milk, but merely make it easier to pro-

duce ideal milk and it must be im-

pressed upon the city milk consumer,

if it cannot be done in any other way

than by law, then the statutes of the

state should undertake to make it clear

that it is the product sold and not the

method in which the product is pro-

duced that should be the criterion of

acceptability in the markets of the

city.

mummmummmmn[muluumumummmmmmmmmmmmuuummnu





Crop and Market Notes.





Michigan.



Gratiot 00., April 6.——Frost is out of

the ground and fields are drying out.

Wheat, rye and meadows all look poor-

ly. Most farmers have all the stock,

especially cows and yearlings, that

they can carry. Feed is about all gone.

Fruit trees are fairly well advanced

for the season. Sugar making opened

late and the. yield‘promises to bevsmall.

Butter-fat . 36c; «butter _ 18@,24c ;‘ ~V’D9ta'r‘





New York.



Columbiana 00., April 3.—Winter

grains are looking fine. Stock has

wintered well, and there appears to be

a sufficient amount of feed on hand.

Fruit buds are uninjured. The snow is

barely gone, and spring work has not

begun. Milk 2.25; butter 35c; pota-

toes $4 per barrel; beans $4 per bush-

el; eggs 30@32c.



Pennsylvania.



Perry 00., April 3.-—Most wheat and

rye fields are in good condition. Usual

amount of live stock on hand but late-

ness of pasture will likely make the

amount of feed on hand too small.

Fruit buds damaged some. Spring

work not opened up as yet. Roads are

in unusually bad condition. Eggs 18c;

butter 260; com 700; potatoes $1.20;

hogs $10. Excepting sheep, stock at

sales is selling low. Money is com-

manding higher interest than for some

years.



Lancaster 00., April 3.—V\'heat, rye

and meadows do not look good. Spring

work has not opened up on account of

unfavorable weather. V‘Vheat $1.18;

corn 87c: oats 500; butter 35c; eggs

20c; potatoes $1; poultry 12@18c; hay

$23©22; hogs $10; steers $8; calves





Ohio.



Medina 00., April 4.——VVhe,at fields

are looking rather brown, but meadows

appear to be coming through in good

condition. There is an average amount

of live stock on hand, and farmers are

supplied with plenty of feed. Fruit

trees are still dormant. But very little

maple syrup was made. No spring

work has been done. Dairymen sup-

plying Cleveland milk dealers are hold-

ing out for 15c for summer and 20c for

winter milk. The producers have a

strong association. Milk 16c; butter

33c; potatoes $1.05; hogs $9; prime

cattle 70.



Indiana.



Daviess (30., April 6.—W’inter wheat

badly damaged. Many fields have been

plowed and sowed to cats. .Grass and

clover have also suffered. Live stock

is scarce and feed plentiful. Fruit

trees appear to be in good shape. Har-

vest of maple products was light. The

spring work is well under way. Early

sown oats are coming up nicely. A

good acreage of corn ground already

plowed. Cream 38c: potatoes $1; cat~

tie $7.50; hogs $8.50; hay $12; com

700; wheat $1.





TEXAS ONION CROP.





 





. The Texas onion crop of 1916 is es-

timated to cover 10,057 acres, as com-

pared with 8,943 acres in 1915, an in-

crease of about 12 per cent. The con—

dition of the crop on April 1 is estimat-

ed as 55 per cent of normal, which

forecasts a yield of about 192.5 bushels

per acre. or a total production of 1,-





935,972 bushels", the equivalent of 4,200 ‘





cars of 480 bushels each. In 1915 the

shipments amounted to about 4,607

cars, or.2,119,220 bushels. ' ' ;





 





 





 





 





 





base; 32 x 4-inch tires—fully equipped, including one-rnnn top:





ew Jackson Model "34”—motor 31/2 x 5-inch; “2-inch wheel- $985





Stewart Vacuum Fuel System, Springs full elliptic front and rear





. Jackson “34” is One of the Great

Cars of the Year





Its motor is a wonder! It is a

four with all the economy of the four,

of the high duty balanced typo, small

bore and long stroke—a veritable

miser with fuel.



It develops 38 H. P. And you

will notice that on hills and grades

it moves along as if it were happy

and eager to be tested. You don’t

have to push it. It gives you that

comfortable feeling of inexhausti-

ble power. ‘

It not only has the swift accelera-

tion that means flexibility but it has

also the strong, steady pull that

means power.



So easy-riding that you will wonder

why you ever considered any car

without four full elliptic springs.

And the more you know of Jackson

“34-” the more convinced you’ll be

that the motor hasn’t a cross

grained streak in its system. There’s





not a chance for disappointment.

You’ll notice the absolute truth of

the Jackson slogan, “N0 hill too

steep, no sand too deep.”





Don’t buy any car till on have had

a chance to test out ackson “34.”

We believe it is one of the greatest

four-cylinder automobiles ever built.





If you want an "ei¢ht"—tl1ere are

two of them in the Jackson line.

Both have the easy-riding lilies

for which Jacksons are mous.

Mode! “348"—112-inch wheel base,

eight cylinders,develops 45 H. P.

and is priced at $1195. Weighs

2565 lbs.



Model “68" is the big “Jackson”—

124-inch wheel base—seats and room

for 7 passengers—70 H. P. motor.

Compare it with any eight at any

price. And do not forget that the

Jackson sells for $1685. Catalogue

on request.





JACKSON AUTOMOBILE (30., 15083:“ Main St., JACKSON, MICE.





JACKSON AUTOMOBILE 00., Distributor





978 Woodward Avenue





Detroit, Mich.





 





 





   





(".08 THE





 





 





HE U. S. Cream

Separator won in

the most seven: com-





 





umv worms an





For Closest Skimming





 





 

   

   

 

 





——'THE-—-—





 





NITED





where there have

been working tests

the U. S. has won

and received Highest





perfect in skimming efficiency.





Chicago

Salt Lake City





 





Award, as has been proved by such Expositions as the Pan-

American where the U. S. wonin the World’s greatest skimming contestralso at

the Lewis & Clark Exposition where the U. S. demonstrated its superiority in

actual Working tests, and at the Alaska-Yukon Exposition where the U. S. scored





Expositions,as in case of Panama-Pacific. which have not judged separators by actual working

test render no proof whatever of the merits of one machine over another.





Send for ouPCatalog and complete information about awards.





VERMONT FARM MACHINE COMPANY

BELLOWS FALLS, VT.





   





STATE





CR EAM SEPA RATOF?





   

 

   

 

 





 

 

 





 

   

   

   

   





Portland. Ore.

Oakland, Cal.





   

 





 

 

 





 





 





HATCH HERD





YPSILANTI, MICH.





Has been breeding' betten Holstein-Friesian cattle for about ten “years:

We will hold 3. PUBLIC SALE at Ypsilanti, hiay 2nd. Catalogs

ready about April 20th. If interested apply now.





 





WEAR YOUR OWN WOOL





Spun and woven by the. old homespun methods.

just as the Pilgrim Mothers did it. for the Pilgrim

Fathers. We will make you pure wool blankets.

campers blankets, twecds. fullcd cloth, flanncls.

wool batting, yarn. and hosiery, if you will send

us your wool. Write today for price list. and learn

how to save money on the best woolens.



REED CITY WOOLEN MILLS.

W "383. :- Reed City. Mich





' From pumbredBose Comb Black



Em hf "mt“: Minorcas. Fine layers. 81 per 15.

F. D. Van Nutter. standish. R. 3. Mich.



S 0. WHITE LEGHORNS. bred for size. shape,



a vigor. egg production. 14 years? experience breed-



ng Leghorn“. tchinz ecc- flfll per me. Baby



Chicks ‘10 not It». A. 0. HOWARD. Te mach. Mich.





S. 0. W. Leghorns. Ln

Ion Baroda“ “my 9. of”





. vigorous

we r ,. $1.25 nor lfi.‘

post paid. No Chicks. Bruce “H Brown. Mayville. Mich





 





OM BARRON Strain White IA: horns. Hatcl in

_ eggs 750 for 15. 85.00 per 100. gC. W. GORDONg

iowlervllle. Mich.





and English Pencil l Indi R .

KGJJ. Red net Duck Eggs for haetching?nwg:e

for prices. Mr!- Frod C. Miller, Sun-gin. Mich. R. 3.





 





 





gum. Golden and White W nndottes. Eggs from 8 lovi-

x nnd Lansing prize colonies. £3 per 15. 35 Per 8!. All (nun

flocks. SLE) per 15. 3150-3). C. W. Browning, Portland, Mich





BITE Wyandotte Eggs from heav win is ' .

$2.00 per 15. 83.75 per 30, $8.00 yr [mgrSull‘g-l)

stock. Egan” Poultry Ranch. Riordan. .Mleh.





Cock & (Bockemla. E 8 3'3. .



mam por15.$l§_er50.8lper . 83

DAVE AY. ”Forest Ave, Eilanti. Michigan.

YANDOTTE SALE. Goldens. Silvers. Bull.“-

umbiau. Silverpenclled. Partridge, Black. .

Scores 92-95. Ego £2.00 setting. Theron Dar-yea. flillsdalo.lich





BITE WYANDOTTES. Eggs 81.50 per 15. 82.50

oer 80. 87.00 per 100. From choice stock.

A. FRANKLIN SMITH. Ann Arbor. Michigan.
' 540‘f28





NEWTOWN BROODERS





Ready or immediate Shipment





Most. live dealers carry the Newtown Giant

Colony BrOoder in 51:00 ' If your dealer tries

to sell you an imitation, reject it. Let others

experiment. but send £01m order direct to us

for the broader of nown eficiency, We

will ship at once.





llo Delay and

lo Regrets.





 





Selvaegulating



Self-Feeding

Coal- Burning

Economical





   

 





Be SURE





of results, Big catalog

—use the mailed on

Newtown request.





Newtown Giant Incubator Corporation

90 Wore-w St., Harrisonburg, Vn. >





Feed For Eggs. ‘





Now 111 the hme to mete your layers produce-while the

price of eggs is soaring





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





By Expert:





Just out. Tells .

how to feed for ’

eggs — how = to

develop poultry ‘

for marketnnd show '

Your name on postal \

brings it. Get the 1

book. Then go to deal-

er near you who hendlel ,

Red Comb. Ask for Red



Comb Meet flesh-the great egg-maker.





Edwards a. tennis 00.. 344-6 Ito. Ellzubeth 8!. “Silicon Ill.





 





 





Also Manufacturers of the Famous Bed Horn Deity Feeds.





 





\





THE MICHI'GA'

Poultry ”House Construction





Dimensions of Wood’s House.





I am interested in the Wood’s poul-

try house and would like a plan of the

interior of the building with the di-

mensions of the various parts.



St. Clair Co. C. E. K.





Various breeders build the Wood’s

type of house and the dimensions and

inside plans are not always the same,

as they are altered somewhat accord-

ing to the individual ideas of the build-

er. The accompanying sketches of the

inside and outside of a Wood’s open-

front house represent the type most

frequently used.



The plans given are for a Wood’s

house 20x50 feet, which will give a

floor area of 1,000 square feet, which

will be large enough to house 250

birds. As will be noted from the

sketch, the house is completely divid-

ed in the middle by a wooden parti-

tion which makes two breeding pens





W

3%





 





 





fl





N FA'RMER'





garden loam until the inside of the

poultry house is at least one foot high-

er than the outside soil. It is claimed

that removing the soil is hard work

but it seems no harder to me than

keeping a cement floor in sanitary con-

dition. The soil must be removed sev-

eral times each year but good garden

loam which has been scratched around

in the poultry house and allowed to ab-

sorb the droppings is worth much

more for fertilizer than the cost of re-

moving it and filling the floor space

with clean dry earth. Of course, the

dirt floor must be covered with a good

litter. The cement floor is more ex-

pensive than a dirt floor and its value

seems somewhat a matter of personal

opinion among farmers who carry on

the poultry business as a sideline.





A poultry house should certainly not

be lathed and plastered on the inside.





     





i.





 





 





 





 

 

 





Champion Get all facts,

proofs. particu-

lars~my low prices—money-

siEko rigiiraé‘fidfa'i‘? "" '

0. or: — .

all come with my big illus- B e | I e C ' t y

> V trated Free Book“H-tchlng | n c u b a to ['5

Facts." in colors. Write

me today. Jim Rohan, Pres. an Breeders

Bolloclty Incubator 60.. Box 14. Incl-mum.





 





 





 





 





-p»

-

'





 





 





t rBoth are made of' . r '.



' Ca 11" Redwood.



Incubator is cov- '



5 cred with asbestos an g vamzed

: Iron: has triple walls,

copper tank, nursery,

egg tester themometer.re adv?“

use. onAirs' TRIAL—reoriefru baco



no.t0 K. WriteforFREEC ,

Ilulcunulcuumnco. .NDIpL117 Racine. Wis. , .





 





 

 

   

   

   





 





Money in Eggs





Why Sell ESE! at 150 when you can keep

them and get 400. or 500. ‘? I. so Fleming' 3 Egg Pu-

umr. will keep eggs 0 months equal to new

laid eggs. Simple.<-onvenim1t ctrtain. \oliquid.

No cold storage. Approwd 111 State Poultry

Department. Jars 001' or 100 doz. Sent postpaid

$100. For testimonials and particulars, assddrc

N. M. GREEN. 4032 Sheridan Road, Chicago





AMERICAN POULTRY JOURNAL

Tells everything about the fascinat-

ingand profitable poultry industry.

Issued monthly; 10 cents. We want

you to know how good it. is and will



lend it 6 months for 250. Order now.

A. P.J.1887-543 B. Dearborn.(‘hleago.lll.





POULTRY.





ARRED'I’LYMOUTH ROCK EGGS from full blood

stock, 31. 00 or 13. Ban won at leading shows for

years. J.A .B RNU M. L nion Cit1. Michigan.





Ytlll A” FLOOK‘NG BABY CHICKS.





We give you good qualitfl for 1our money in both

chicks and hntr hing eggs from a standard- bred strain

of winter- layers. Winners at. Kalamazoo Battle Creek

and JiKkSOIL S. (‘. RJI. Reds—Bier] for business and

for bcaut1. (8(an for priic list. ) Bab cock & Son.

R. No. 4. Box 180. hattle Creek. Michigan.





 





from our own Bred- To L511 Ringlet Bar

lab, chicks red ltm ks SIOpGr 100S C. \V hite Le horns

810 per 100 andS S.(‘.. BuffOrpingtons $12 per 100 an 11

in Eggs carefully packed $4 per For furtlLier

in ormation write for 0111 Chick Folder. RU

POULTRY RANCH. PETERSBURG. iMICLHL.





BABY CHICKS FROM STANDARD BRED S. C

White and Brown Leghorns. bred to lay large white

eggs. $9.00 per 100: $85.00 per 1000. Safe arrival



uaranteed. Catalogfree. Wolverine Hatchery, Box



221, Zeeland, Mich.





Cousins Northern King Strain figffiid Pi,‘;‘;‘°,;‘.§2





many prizes. Some nice (lor kercls and Pullets for sale.

Write for prices. D.“ 1d W. Cousins Northport Mich.





 





BARRED Rocks Parks 200 Fgg Strain 11ith rot ords to

290 eg a vein—$1.50 per 15 Deli1 cred. By Parcel

postfi red Astl ing. Constantine. Mi i.ch





BARRED Plymouth Rocks bred to lay and exhibit. Buy your

eggs from trnpnested birds. Our birds luyed 50 per cent.

ell winter. Egg 3 52.00 per 15 from our best pens. Boswell

Bros. Lincoln Lake Poultry Farm. Box 74, Ludingtmi, Mich,





BARR!!!) ROCK EGGS Sfiiifiil’iggli $05.22:

in 12 months. Aver e 323'? eggs one ch.

W. C. Coflman, enton Harbor, Mich.





RINGLET BARRED ROCKS direct. from Thompson 8

A limited amountofGeg for hatching fmm vigorous

stock. 31.11850 .311 rdner. Petersburg, Mich.

Silver, White and



chick: that [in 815 1133,1109. mpagnld 9 5,12,,

. e in



dottos. White Leg am 1(- s ALOHA-M





D kl % ce t

PgUESFEIXI’ anfiimi. No. “373' cshoenixvllle. PI.





1 1)

Pill. Pan Bred-telly $111 (136633? 61% iri'esgrioiiouU t 1313;

391.18helby, Oceans 00..





OEN‘B Bi beautiful. henvhstchedlBarred Rocks. Eggs,

J30 'g $7.00. Select matings 15, 04; 80. 87 00. all





postpaid. Photo? Circulars. .lohn Nortbon,’ Clare, Midi‘...





'25? "





Diagram of Wood’s House, Giving Dimensions.





each capable of housing 125 birds. By

this method the fencing can be so ar-

ranged as to permit the fowls from dif-

ferent sides of the house to range in

separate yards. It is then possible to

keep 125 pullets in one side and 125

mature birds in the other. A system

of this kind is desirable for many rea-

sons. The pullets will probably re-

quire slightly different rations from

the mature birds or during breeding

season the eggs from the older stock

Will be preferable for hatching. The

small partition between the roosts in

each breedng pen or section of the

laying house, should go to the roof. Its

value consists in preventing draughts

on the roosts.



The dimensions as marked on the





 





sketches are taken from the ground up

and represent the plan most frequently

used in constructing the Wood’s open-

front house.





A House for 250 Hens.





Kindly advise me as to the best kind

of poultry to build to keep about 250

hens. Would a cement floor or dirt

floor be best and should it be lathed

and plastered inside. Should it have

a cement foundation? What kind of

hens would it be best to keep for lay-





ing purposes?

Huron Co. J. Mc.





In poultry houses constructed to give

the flock the maximum of health and

comfort each hen should be allowed at

least four square feet of space. On

this basis 250 hens would require 1,000

square feet of floor space and a Wood’s

open-front house 20x50 would furnish

the right amount of space for each hen.



There is much difference of opinion

concerning the right kind of floor for

a poultry house. Many breeders pre-

fer the cement floor but on the general

farm I prefer a good dirt floor to ce-

ment. The cement floor is ideal if it

is given the best of attention but it re-

quires a good depth of clean litter at

all times or it will be cold and damp.

During the farmers’ institute at the

college I heard Professor Burgess of

the poultry department, state that the

cement floor was probably responsible

for blood rings in some of the eggs.

This was ca'used by the birds slipping

on the hard floor. Another breeder

stated that he prevented dampness in

his cement floor houses by laying

strips of heavy building paper under

the surface togprevent ground mois-

ture from rising into the house. Per-

sonally I prefer a good dirt floor un-

derlaid with gravel and filled with good





 





It would be a waste of time and money

and accomplish nothing unless it made

the house very damp. A house of the

open-front type which is made of

matched lumber and covered with tar

paper on the outside will keep out the

draughts and still be dry and well ven-

tilated.



A cement wall is very desirable in

the poultry house as it prevents decay-

ing of the wood and keeps rats from

burrowing in from the outside. The

cement wall keeps the building from

settling and is in every way practical

and necessary.



The kind of hens to keep for laying

purposes is the kind that you like the

best. If you do not like a breed it will





be almost impossible not to forgetthe young chicks.





42L!





I

-/2{—





 





Roe-Sf:





no?





0/161“! Fron_l‘:rF-acz;7 ,Soul‘h





APRIL 15, 1916.





promising but it is usually difficult to

obtain first-class stock in'a. new and

untried breed and the best is none too

good for the farmer desiring to make

money in the egg business.



Ingham Co. R. G. KIRBY.





 





LESSENING THE DEATHS AMONG

YOUNG CHICKS.





 





Every chick that dies increases the

cost of raising the flock. If the little

fellows are purchased as “day olds,”

this is more particularly true than

when the hatching is done.at home,

yet in any case the mortality is costly.

The critical period stretches over the

first two or three weeks of the Chick’s

life. After that some may die or oc-

casionally an epidemic will break out

in the flock and take off a considerable

number. The danger is much less,

however, after the first three weeks

are passed safely.





Overfeeding and feeding when too

young are the causes of many deaths,

also, improper foods often prove fatal.

Young chicks should have no food for

36 or even 48 hours after hatching.

Corn bread, rolled oats and hard-boil-

ed eggs are good feeds for the first

few days. Cracked wheat and fine

cracked corn may be fed when the

chicks are a week old. Avoid moist

mashes. These cause all sorts of di-

gestive troubles. Feed sparingly at

first. Do not throw down a lot of food

to become foul and unfit for use.





Cleanliness is essential in raising

chickens. See that all the houses and

coops are thoroughly disinfected be-

fore the chicks are placed in them.

Keep the brooders clean. Spray or

wash them with a coal tar prepara—

tion. This is the most effective way

of destroying germs and vermin.

White diarrhea, the deadliest enemy of

young chicks is spread by foul quar-

ters, and unclean drinking fountains

and feeding troughs. Pure water is

very necessary.



Vigorous breeding stock is the first

essential for healthy chicks, but some-

times when a good start is made, neg-

lect and improper care work havoc.

In large flocks, one or two having the

white diarrhea may cause a, consider—

able percentage of mortality. This dis-

ease is often spread a good deal dur-

ing the first day or two of the life of

In incubators Where





I





l- //.I

422 ’ “/23,-





 





Roasts Roasts.





 





Showing Roost Arrangement in Wood’s House.





them when they need your attention.

According to W. H. Card, the dis-

tinguished poultry judge and fancier,

the Leghorns are the business birds on

the big egg farms of the country while

the Plymouth Rocks are. the hardiest

and the Rhode Island Reds are the

most popular. However, he had some-

thing about as good to say for other

breeds and when Mr. Card cannot de-

termine which breed is best it will be

well for the remainder of us to keep

birds that we like and not worry as to

whether they are best or not as far as

the breed is concerned. Generally

speaking, however, the Mediterranean

breeds, of which the Leghorns are the

most prominent, are considered the

best for egg farms.



In regard to the breed proposition, I

could only advise'keeping the breed





you like best of the breeds which have '

{there should be little danger. of- lice.





proven .fairly sure profit makers in the

yards of other men in your section of

the state. Many new breeds seem





the chicks drop down into the light as

soon as hatched they pick up drop-

pings and, one with the disease may

contaminate a large part of the flock.

Chicks hatched with hens are freer

from the disease because the little

birds remain under the mother hen un-

til they are fed and hence do not have

a chance to pick up neglected drop-

pings. For this reason it is well to

keep the incubator dark until the birds

are removed to the brooders.



Warm dry quarters are necessary at

first. Sunlight is also a great help in

building up the strength of the little

fellows. Give only a limited range at

first, and especially if hen mothers are

allowed with the chicks. Free range





is never advisable for chicks until





they are at least a month or six weeks

did.

If chicks are kept in clean quarters





Look over the little :fellows, hovvever,

and put a bit of lard on the head and





 





 





Wu:





1

F

i

I

5.





 





 





’Y
.mw.





l

.i

s

.

1

lg





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





APRIL 15.1916.





V‘iifider each wing of the Whole bunch.





This will effectively deal with the body .





lice, if the old hen is also treated.





Should red ”mites appear. in the coops

nothing but a thorough cleansing and

spraying will deal with them.



New Hamp. 'C. H. CHESLEY.





 





EARLY HATCHING BEST.





 





There is practically everything to be

gained and nothing to be lost by set-

ting hens as soon as possible now. The

chicks will thrive much better during

the cooler weather and the hen should

be spared from setting during the

warmer weather. The first young

chickens marketed always bring the

best prices and the early hatched pul-

lets will mature early enough to lay

next fall, which is not true of the lat-

er ones. Winter eggs depend partly

on early hatching.



Select a healthy hen and try her for

a day or two on the nest before risk-

ing valuable eggs under her. An odd

number of eggs—usually eleven, thir-

teen or fifteen—should be used, partic-

ularly in cool weather as they lie in a

more nearly perfect circle.



As soon as the hen becomes broody

make ‘a nest for her in a separate

hatching room or a place where the

other hens will not have a chance to

disturb her. The nest. should be six-

teen or eighteen inches square and

at least eight inches deep, depending

somewhat upon the size of the hen,

but it must be roomy. In nature it

would be placed on the ground and it

this is not possible in the poultry

house, a large sod should be placed

in the bottom of the nest and then cov-

ered with straw to help keep the eggs

from drying out too rapidly.



Either allow the hen to leave the

nest for food and water whenever she

wishes, or remove her once a day for

that purpose.



Lice should be controlled by dusting

the hen with insect powder at the be-

ginning and again .ten days later. It is

a good plan to rub a bit of blue oint-

ment about the size of a pea into the

skin beneath the vent and to rub a lit-

tle more into the feathers on the under

side of the wing at hatching time. This

is partly rubbed off on the chicks and

helps keep the lice away.



Remove the chicks as rapidly as

hatched, and later return them all to-

gether to the hen for brooding, but be

careful that they are not chilled while

away from the mother.



Missouri. H. L. Kmmsrcn.





 





NESTS OUTSIDE.





 





Nests outside, but attached to the

poultry houses, have decided advan-

tages. They are dark, occupy no in-

side room, and the eggs can be gath-

ered without entering the houses. Such

nests are made as follows: A box 18

inches wide, 18 inches high and as

long as desired, is fastened to the side

of. the house. The top of the nest is

made sloping, is covered with roofing-

paper, and hinged .to the wall of the

poultry house. Small openings are

cut through the wall of the house for

the hens to enter.



Indiana. T. Z. RICHEY.





POULTRY NOTES.





 





‘ The pallets that will fill the egg bas-



ket in early fall and winter are the

early hatched pullets.



Chicks should be left in the incu-

bator 36 to 48 hours after hatching.



Keep the chicks well covered in the

cold weather while moving them to

the brooder.



Keep the brooder in a sanitary con-

dition. lmpure air will ruin a fine

flock of chicks in a very short time.



Make it a rule that every chick

must come out from under the hover

at feeding time.



.Guard against sudden changes in the

temperature. During cold weather lo-

cate the brooder indoors. l





 





Michigan Farmer’s club list





For the benefit and convenience of

our subscribers We have arranged the

following list of papers. Besides the

money saved‘ they save the trouble

and expense of sending each order

separately.



EXPLANATION—The first column

gives the paper’s regular subscription

price. The second column price is for

the Michigan Farmer and the other

paper, both for one year. Add 50 cents

when the Michigan Farmer is wanted

three years, or $1.00 if the Michigan

Farmer is wanted five years. All combi-

nation orders may be handed to our

agents or sent to us, as is most con-

venient.



Write for prices on publications not

listed. '



Subscribers to the Michigan Farmer

whose time is not up for one year or

more, may have as many other papers

as wanted by deducting 50 cents from

the second column price. This takes

care of those who subscribed for three

or five years a year or two ago.



We send sample copies of the Mich-

igan Farmer only.



Mention if you- are a new or re-

newal subscriber. Renewals will be

dated ahead from their present date.





...:. bmwn—IWW.’ -

. i -





,GAN FA RIMER





you considerable on your reading matter.





than there regular prices, t Subscribers

wanted not in the clubs they select.





is wanted for but 1 year.





29—541





SPECIAL BARGAIN CLUBS“;





We have arranged here a list. of special bargain combinations which will save





No substitution of other magazines which





are the same price can be made. You must take the entire combination as it is. You

can make up your own club from the club list if none of these suit. you.

Orders may be sent. direct to us or through any of our agents.

bor. Address all orders to the Michigan Farmer or hand to our agents.

' EXPLANATION—Wk. means the paper comes each week, mo. means each

month, S.-mo. semi monthly. Dailies on R. F. D. only.

Publishers of other pagers will not allow us to quote their paper single at less

u





Order by num-





to the Michigan Farmer whose term does





not errpire for 1 year or more will be allowed reduced prices on other papers at any

time if they will write us the ones wanted,





this also applies when other papers are





. NOTE—Tho Michigan Farmer is figured in “Our Price” at the special season

price of only $1 for 3 years, 50 cents only may be deducted if the. Michigan Farmer





 





No. 1.

Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk.....$1.25

Boys’ Magazine, mo ..... . . . . . . . . 1.00

The Ladies’ World, mo. . . ...... 1.00





Regular price $325





OUR PRICE ONLY $1.65





 





 





 





 





 





loco sole-o





NAME OF PUBLICATION. “on above





 

 

 





Daily. (6 a Week) on R. F. D. only. 5





 

 





Free P Detroit. ..............

Journal troit....

' Times. Detroit...





Herald Grand nééfall'ii'ihill'.

non. dune lRopido..............

Press, Grand Rapids"

~Eorald. Saginaw. Mich . . . .

News. Saginaw .... . .... ..

Tribune ay City, Mich........

Toledo. Ohio...“

Novo- Tolodo. 0hio..................

State Journal. Lancing. Mich ............

Tri Weekly Newspaper.

World. N. Y.. City ..........................

Semi Week] Newsp-

Journnl. Detroit. ioh...

\Vookiy Newspapers





 





NNN NNNNMNNMN

NNHNNNNKQNNNN

2883831383833 "





9? 888888888 888 E 8 88 888888838





p.-





.—

H





 

   





Blade. Toledo. 0hlo........... ............ 1 1

Commoner. Lincoln. Neb.................. l 1

Enquirer. Cincinnati, 0................... l 1

1'1 etc.

ilton, lll.(w) 1 1

‘l .clcoJm) l 1

oyraouoo.

, icon (115).. 1 1

10.80. I.) .....

l ). ..... 1 1

o (m.l..

I .noon. Win. 1 1

ll, Ind. Yr) 1 1

atorloo, a.





 





ls-rn) .... .... ......... .... .... .... .... ..

‘ ‘ Keopor, incy. Ill. (ml .........

s: z: «- (Simmons, 0. ... .....

: "filo Poultry Journal.0nlnoy.lll.(lnl

loin-odBroodor-I’ Journal. Indianapolis"





. (o—nl .... ............... .... .... ....

Michigan Poultry Breeder (mo) ..........





0 or lacuna.

Everybody: inc. . 1'. City. (in)...

Etude. Phi undo plus. Pa. (n) .............

m N. Y. City. (rah...

Musician. l (in) ..............

Rational Bporbmn Boston. Mass. (or)

’ooplo'o Homo Journal. I". Y. City. (I)

-mplo'o Eggnhr Montgfily, DoMcIlHae‘o, 25..



Boo am . . r- ..

inflow of Reviews. . Y. Clty. (m)......

Lodloo’ or Household.

Dollnontor. N. Y. City. (In)...............



t. N. Y. Cit . (ml..................

Hon-owl e, N. Y. ty imi................

Ladies World. New York (*ty (ml ........

IoC’alryo d???” and toe Pattern,

. . y. - u”..u.-”nun-cu...-

Mother's Mg. Elfin, ll]. (m)....... ..

Pictorial I! or .Y. City. (in) ..........

Today’guonzine and Free Pattern (in).

Woman I Home Companion. N.Y.City. Ii

Woun- Workhchiouo. in) ........ .... 35





“5.1 it"i'r'loh 1°.) 1

y, no . .......



Boys Magazine. Smeth rt, Pa 5111)...." 1

Little Folksf Salon. ( i l





 





 





 





888

88518888. 88 $6133 838385188188 888 8 8





 





 





 





88





 





“Hill-‘0‘





.-

88888 88838 8888 8888

FIN—III“





 





H





 





Id





HF“





 





 





No. 2.

Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk.....$1.25

The American Boy, mo .......... 1.00

Woman's World, mo ................ 35

American Poultry Advocate, mo.. .50

Regular price ................ $3.10

OUR PRICE ONLY $2.00

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Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk.....$1.25

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The Ladies' World, mo .......... 1.00

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No. 4.





Michi an Farmer, 3 yrs". wk.....$1.25

Pictoral Review, mo............ 150





 





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No. 5.





Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk.....$1.25

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Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk... . .$1.25

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No. 7. C)"





Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk... . 31.25

Choice of any daily in Detroit

or Grand Rapids except Detroit





News ................ $2.00 to $2.50

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Woman’s World, mo ............. .35



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our PRICE om $3.00





 





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Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk.....$1.25

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No. 9.





Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk.. . . 41.25

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Breeders' Gazette, American

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man .

Poultry Success, m0. . . . . . . . . . . . .50

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Today's Magazine, they also give

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ooocoo.





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Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk.. . . .$1.25

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combinations you save the price of

the Michigan Farmer three years, and

on some considerably more.





 





 





 





 





888518 888883 R888 88





 





. m ..........

You Poopo'oWookl.El'.Dl. .

Youm Companion. Boron-.‘bl'uo....‘:..’





The Michigan Farmer in these Clubs isfigured for 3 years. Take this into con-

sideration when comparing with Club prices offered by others.





 





Saving the Little Chicks





While my ad

103mg their little chicks by the score, Mrs. C.

F. Gardner of Oak Grove. Mich" never lost one

Inst scuonfrom White Diarrhoea. Her expe-

rience. ”given below. will be interesting to those





who have not yet found to

White Diarrhoea: a way prevent





“l have raised poultry fotrhfigfh‘yeors and have

so many every year wi 'tc Diarrhoea,

but I am glad at last I have not given up rais-

mgpoultry. pal have found a sure treatment

for White Diarrhoea and other diseases. Last

year. I learned of the wonderful results other!

were from the useof Chictonc, so ob-

tained a box in The Wight Company. After

using it I never lost another chick and raised

corrode-ably over 300. I would not be without





M...‘ Ci... r. can... on Grove, Mich.





Chm got- reoulhl My. TODAY that

Oil “YOUR chick-fun: White Moon. Cg:

Molecular-nu“! tonic ”i. There are lot. of

Lamination. but there'o oraogChictor-o. Chictono

pose-5:. in nee—in “Hot f

Ody. Del-y n durum Order today from orm





THEMED, DepL254, LAIONLIOWA'

POULTRY.





ABBED Hymn Migration: Ml WWI-yin;

stock. Pine barring. better. 15 : . ~

hen-Day Poultry running. Cote-co. m‘Lw m 34.“





 





 





tromhl , .

mrfifigthy vigomusotock





BARRED Bock

8am sugar. cubical. men.





81.50 pot-15: 83





 





 





 





m We ship thousands each To-

9 varieties. Ancoua' til I: 41%. he

booklot‘ .lmnucua.nos” trimmer-“n E3





OHICKB 7c and up. Barred Rock. Wyandottes, -

borne, Minot-ens. ctc. Sale delivery guarant .

Circular tree. Reliable Hatchery. Bchlislervilla. Box ll Po_





R. C. Reds. S. C. While I

Bred t. by Barron and Vibert sires usedfgbglggl

testing 901 4c. J. C. Greene. St. Johns. Mich.





 





 





E‘.: for hatchi from purebred White Plymouth

Rocks and . . C. Bullr Le horns i‘ . .

Klotzlen k Webster, 3 oanrttlS, Rig.



' from )lll‘e bred Il. d 5.0. II.

Em I'd Bah, clINh I. lie s. 'l‘u'o whailt‘e guinea

hens 81.50 each. 0. E. HAW'LEY, Ludington. Mil-h



, v . -



Fowler s Bull locks . F?.§‘..f"$f-i;f.”‘if.‘.§‘.‘.fi?.‘;





stock 7m9|bu.accordi to age $2 in 8i. E 81.51”

15. a. B. Fow'LE11.'§ai-uord. Michigan?“ or





 





 





 





RHODE ISLAND REDS and PLYMOUTH ROCKS.

Male. 5 tolz lbs. according to age82 tote; P. B. IIOIII

weight 6 to 10 lbs.. eggs 15 for .00: 100. 55;120, $5.

Mammoth Bronze Tom Turkeys. to Bubs. according

to age 36 to 825. 10 eggs 53. A. E. Cnmcon. Vans-r. Mich.





ll. l, Rolls. Boll Combs, Mal Popular {£13352

Eggs iorhatchlni‘, Baby Chicks. Write for catalog.

IN leLAKES ABM. Box 39. Lawrence. Michigan.





gnusfomh firm lyglnm & Randell: Mia lluci

.fi’i. ””él'ii'ilb‘h” 554%.“ n‘llii‘ltii‘.’°i~i?§§fm“

ROSE AND SINGLE CONIB Rhode Island Red.





Eggs. per 15. 81.50 by parcel post: from s ciai pens.

20c each by express, Jennie Bueli. Ann Arbor. Mich.





 





 





 





HODE ISLAND “'HITES win at the National Egg





 





Layi contest. Cold weather don't ate the

' B ff B 00' ‘ . P Eggs 51.5%, 2 settings. 82.50. H.H.JumD,Jacksog. Mill-11::

u , erred, um nan ar- '

llllclllng tri e, SilverandVVhito lint-ks cmcks OSE Comb Rhode Island Red Eggs. dark colore.‘

E Pek nand Rouen Ducks. Sheri- "Wklln 3 matings $1.5!) per 11'). l'tility 9g . lavi strain

888 donPoultercrds.Sherldquich. 8 5.1 per 100. MRS. [LETTER Ricfiand‘di‘ichigan





 





For :Ill: kg “0111 pure bmd'BC. Brown Leghorn





,r ootti of In.

parse menu’s? n. l, Fnlmouth, Mich.





31.11.233th Chicks $10 Par 100. Ksfihwo'ifi’i‘.

e 00

nnteod 4.11;" Ingielgll'lifv.‘g'vfifi:§fi & 19:3,}! 33.....6 Illicalf.‘





 





E for hatching—me Euro bred White Plymouth

Rocks. Pekin and W ite runnnerdnrks. “'hite





rican guinea. H. V. Hootetler. ll. L St. Johns. M ich.





 





IMPROVE your poultry. Mv Young‘s strain 8. {IVVhibe



[Airborne great money ma crs. Strong. ri rous, (pee.

range stock. Baby chic sflperlm and up. atlsi'action

guaranteed. Free catalogu o. W. Van Applodorn , Hollnn d ,Mich.





ls‘mn's—Whlte. Brown, Bufl’. Black. Also Rocks.

Reds. Anconae Pekin Ducks eggs baby

chicks. Prices reasonable. iroular free. Sunnyhroo



Poultry Farms, Hillodale. Mich. Chas. G. Burroughs.

In. Formerly foreman University of Win. Poultry Dept





ILLIE Farmstead Poultry. B.P. Rocks: R. [Body





W. . 15 3 ”eggs $1.50: 50 5290.

P. P.dolivery free. 003%:‘8 Lillie. Coopenvll e.Mlch.





gPlNGTOfogfiéirh-wgfl





prim M. E. THOMPSON, Redfor- .'Mich:

flu Ital fill: Won " flfimwflfi





 





 





‘ UFF LEGHORNS—Oorkerel , h , .

Anything on wish in Bnfl Legghoer'To. waglaz'fig





strains. Dr. illiam Smith, Petershugngich.





Fm l. h. ~200 E Strain— 86. chicks. 8-

!” m week-o pullers om hens with

records up 264 eggs. Prize winners at largest shown.





Prompt shipment, prices low. quality guaranteed.

White Leghorns are best tor case. We raise thalamus.

Free catalog and rice list give] particulars. Write toritnolv.





mm LEE "II. 934 Odin. 9'0“ Isolde, list





5°19”??? iter. Loycrglgw" °.-.‘.‘l.5f"sli.‘ii‘?

m. gvogl'ioo.ycn‘l Leliamm' $8.5, Ann rim; Rigid

S C. B. Minorcaa Cockomls and Pull





ctr-sin PCBredBow d {11% 1"?”

with unlit . ' i. w. mil an aim” man.‘ ”8





WhitoLoél-orns ‘ roubredtol M.

S- C. 85. hundrovdglso torn. ctow‘llay old

chicks. a delivery a nd fertility



M. MALONEY. B. No. l. Kalamazoo. It in.





 





 





ma

baby chicks. MRS. WILLIS HOUGH. Pine Crest

Faun WOSK. “bk.





0





(Additional Poultry Ads on P. 539).
T H E, 'M'I'C‘ H I‘G‘A N 'Ff'AV‘R ME ‘1‘!“- 5.1: -





- AERIL 15.19161 ‘ '





 





 





Change of Copy or Cancellations must reach us

Ten Days before date of publication.





DISPERSION





SALE





33 Head Registered Hol-

stein Cattle





APRIL 2|,19I6





At One O’Clock Sharp



Twenty-two Young Cows and Heif-

ers, 10 Young Bulls and Bull Calves,

carrying the blood of Hengerveld De

K01, Pontiac Korndyke, Jesse Hartog

and Prince C. R. U.



One Grandson of Pontiac Korndyke

three years old. ‘



The sale will be held 1%, miles west

of Beadle’s Crossing on electric road

between St. Johns and Lansing. Rigs

will meet the cars at this crossing.

Write for catalogs.





F. G. Johnston. Sales Manager

ll. L. Bixby, Auctioneer

E.‘.E. Sturgls, Prop.





CATTLE.





ABERDEEN ANGUS





If you are in need of anextra good bull or a few choice



oung cows or heifers, we have them for .Sz‘ile. Our

herd is headed by the Grand Champion Black

Monarch 3rd. We invite you to come to our Farm an-u

see them. They are bred right and (priced right. U. L.

Clark, Hunters Creek, Mich. Si ney Smith. Mgr.





ABHEERDEEN-ANGUS





RD ESTABLISHED IN 1900.

TROJAN- ERICAS and BLACKBIRDS only.

Also breeders of Percheron. Hackney and Saddle





Horses.

WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionia. Mich.





 





Four young bulls also young

Aberdeen Angus cows and heifers. Extra good.





Priced rasonable. inquire l“. J. Wilbcr, Clio, Mich.





(lit SALE~14 Angus bulls!) months and older. in-

cluding our lit-rd Illlll. Also a few cows and heifers.

Geo. Hathaway 8: Son, Ovid. Mich.





‘YRSH'REs—One of the foremost dair breeds. The

most economical milk ro ucers. Oalves

for sale. White Leghorn cookere s: Duroc. Jersey

swine. Michiuan School for the Deaf. FlintJdichigsn.





VILLAGE FARMS, Incorporated

Grass Lake, Michigan,





GUERNSEY CATTLE

BERKSHIRE HOGS





 





MILO D. CAMPBELL CHAS. J. ANGEVINE





BEACH FARM

GUERNSEYS





We have 'just completed our annual tuberculin

test without a single reaction. This Willypleasc

our many patrons asmuehas it does us. “e Wish





to cull the attention of those who expect to buy

liegistr l‘HI Huernseys to the fact that The Beach

l“:ll'lli llerd is free from contagious diseases. We

inn-u for sale Registered Bull calves, on these we

will be pleased to give descriptions and quote

prices by letter, also a few choice females that

We much rather you ivould come and sec than





try to buy by mail.





CAMPBELL 8 ANGEVINE





Coldwater, Michigan.





G U E R N S EY SERUELCLITBIAIERIIEIS

Oontainin blood of world champions. '

HICKS’ OUER SEY FARM. Saginaw. ‘. S., Mich.





- Bull Calves forsale, May

Registered Guernsey Rose breeding. Address

Clint Bishop, W'atervliet, AIiCh.





VUNIM LE Guernsey bulls all sold. Sorry'to dis-

Azippoint tlioso wishing ourstock. Only registered

bull calves left. Avondale Stock Farm. Wayne, Mich.





of service age and calves from

Guernsey BUIIS choice. Adv. reg. breeding.

T. V. HICKS. Route 1, Battle Ceeek, Mich.





Six months old A. R. breedin .

Guernsey 8"” Call Alsoagood Collie dog. g

KG. A. WIGENT. Watervllet. Mich.





F0" S‘LE Reg. Guernsey bull calves, dams running

in a. I. now. Cheap now, write

JOHN EBELS. HOLLAND. MICH. R. No. 10.





T Farmers’ Prices Registered Guernsey Bull calves from

A.'R. dams and dams being tested. If inter \sicd write for

pliotofbreeding and price. Byers & Barnes, Goldwater, Mich.





IlLL advertised lzist week sold. Bull (‘iilEF‘S 3 and 4

months old Gr. Sons Pauline Spotswood clubs—at

prices you can afford to pay. “'6 have. one cow 8 yrs.

old and one 10 years due to freshen in July and Sept.

for $350. J. M. WILLIAMS, North Adams, Mich.





One Extra Fineillegistcred Guernsey Bull. $5.3...”

old. Price 850. E. W. RUCHS. Caledonia, Mich.





"‘"TED Someone to buy 2 Registered 3-year old Hol-



stein heifers with records of 17.03 and 16.17



and their 1 car old daivighters, all bred to 30.58 bull.

iiIVERVIE FARM, Vassar. Michigan.





' Bulls and Heifers. Will

for. Sale—Holstein Gains, m... a few we, ,n my

ment. H. E. REED A SONS, Howell. Michigan.





three bulls wil be offere

the 40-lb. bull will be sold in this sale,

things, come and see. Thanking ourm





Ool. Perry and Mack. Auctioneers.





Sale catalogs will be out about April 15, 1916.

W. R. HARPER, Sale Manager, ' -





 





.' \





 





   

 

 

 

 

 





r? .

Purebred Registered





"i ”Tile HOLSTEIN

l CATTLE

Holsteins, the best dual purpose breed.





The annual distribution by the Holstein-Friesian

Association of 322.500 in prizes for milk and butter—

fat records and for exhibitions at fairs has been ii

stimulus to dairymcn in exploiting the merits of pure-

bred Registercd'Holstein cattle. Prosperity attends

the farmer who wisely buys or breeds these most

prolific and profitable of all dairy cattle. Quantity

of production and pcrslstency of milking during long

periods are characteristic of the hardy Holstein cow.

Investigate the big Black—and-Whites.





 

 

 





i"





 





 





   





Send for FREE Illustrated Descriptive Booklets

The Holstein-Erieslm Association oi America

F. L. Hougiitcn, Scc’y., BOX I64, Brailleboro. VI.





A fine hei e

space will not permit to tell of the good

any customers for their liberal patronage

we Wish to welcome you back on above date with many new ones. ‘

Catalogs April 1 0th





Duroc Jersey





Special Offering of High Class Full Boar Pigs. Breeding and Individuality good

enough for breeders who appreciate the best.

Also some good farmer’s boars. This is the. best lot of fall pigs we have ever had to offer. A cor.





dial invitation is extended to visit the farm and inspect the stock.

young Jersey bulls in Michigan we have him for sale. For further particulars, address.





Breakwater Farm, Swine Dept., Ann Arbor, Mich.





 





 





 





 





Do You Want A Bull?





Ready For SerVIce.



r a rand daughter of The King of the

Pgnglgcs. “Hired by a bull that is more than a half

brother to the Champion Holstein Cow of the

World. and whose dam is a 30 lb. 6% 5 fat (13.11%)ch

of Pontiac Aggie Korndyke'who has more 3 lb.

daughters than any other livmg bull. If you do

write for pedigree.





EDWIN S. LEWIS, Marshall, Mich.





Announcement

Extraordinary





The “Espanore Herd” of Registered Holsteins

will be offered the public at a great Dispchion

Sale May 9th. Watch this paper for particulars.





ESPANORE FARM

LANSING. - MICHIGAN.





HATCH HERD





YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN





Registered Holstein-Friesian sires. grandson's of

VVorld’s greatest dairy sire, out of choice R, .

dams and King Pontiac Jewel Korndyke; Brother of

K. P. Pontiac Lass 44.1."); average record of 50 dams in

his pedigree 31.2.") in 7 days: average per cent of fat

three nearest dams 4.37: of his own dam 4.93. Sires in

first. three generations already have over 600 A. R, 0,

dziiightcis. A few females bred to “King". Prices

reasonable.





Holstein Bulls Ready

For Service.





Grandsons of FriendHengerveld DeKol Butter

Boy and Pontiac Aggie Korndyke. From high

record A. R. O. dams at farmers’ prices.





LONG BEACH FARM,

Augusta, Michigan. (Kalamazoo, Co.)





SOME VERY FINE YOUNG BULLS

Whose sires have as high as 31 lbs. of butter behind

them. As they are voung, will make a. low rice on

them. BIGELoW’s HOLSTEI ARMS,



BREEDSVILLE. MICH.





HOLSTEIN Bull Calf: Born Oct. 5. A splendid in



dividual, well grown. and of choice breeding. Dani has

A.R.O,record. butter 7 days 18.04 lbs. milk 419.8 ase?yr.old. Sire

Albina Bonte Butter Boy No.93l24. w. 8. Reader, Howell,Mich.





HOLSTElN-FRlI-ZSIAN CATTLE

Herd headed by grandson of King Segis Pontiac,

and tuberculin tested annually. A few choice

young bulls from dams having official records .





PEACELAND STOCK FARM. Three Rivers. Mich.

Chas. Peters, Herdsman. 0.1.. Brody, Owner. Port HuronJiich.





Herefords—43 Bull Calves

1 ALLEN sacs. raw PAW, MICH





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Sixth Annual Sale of





100 Registered Holstein Friesians 100





AT IIOVIELL, LIVINGSTON OOIIII'I'Y. IIIOIIIOAII, OII APRIL 26, IOIO

In our! BIG SALE PAVILION





This will be a choice lot of cattle representing the best lines of breeding. Our

herd sires are strongly bred in the 30-lb. class, most of them are from dams, and

sire’s dams averaging over 30 lbs. Our stock is mostly from, or bred to such sires





as these. The are mostly young, man A. R. O. cows and heifers. Only two or





r calf from King Se is Champion Mo e1





MAllK ll. cllllOY, Secretary.





WEST MICHIGAN HOLSTEIN BREEDERS’

Fifth Annual Consignment Sale





AT THE WEST MICHIGAN STATE FAIR GROUNDS IN GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN, 0N





Wednesday, May 3, 1 916





A Breeder-9' Sale of 90 Head of High-Class Registered fiolstein Cattle

From Breeders’Own Herds.



Everything over six months of age carefully Tuberculin Tested by Government Veterinarians

mm the Bureau of Animal Industry. or by competent Graduate veterinarians, and Certificates of

Health approved by the Michigan State. Veterinarian.



A sale. where you get healthy cattle of quality. and where buyers come back the second time.



Granddaughters and grandsons of Pontiac Korndyke, Hengerveld dc K01, (lolantha Johanna

Lad, Traverse Princess Weg, and King Segis Pontiac. Daughters of PrineeOSegis .Korndyke, and the

30-lb. bulls Colantha Sir Korndyke Clothilde, Traverse Dutch Weg, and King PietcrtJe Pet Canary.



Choice young A. it. 0. cows and heifers, bred to 30-l_b. bulls. .



A chanccto buy foundation stock for establishing high-class Holstein herds.





If you are interested write for sale catalog.





Herd Boars





If you Wish one of the best





FOR SALE





22 head of high grade Holsten heifers two years

old. All bred to registered Holstein bull, and

about half of them will freshen in 60 days.

They are all from good milking strain that wil

test up good. Fourteen hundred dollars buys

them all if taken at once.





WM. H. SAXON, B. F. B. 8, Mt. Pleasant, Mich.





Big Holstein Bull 2 yr. old. Good breeding.

Reg. bulls and heifers 10 mos. old.

Sebewalng. Mich.





 





For Sale:

Ferd. J. Lanze.





' ' All from A. R. 0. Dams. Semi-of-

cIlOIOO IIOISIBIII BIIIIS. yearly records:7201bs. butter in Jr.

4yr. old class to over 1000 lbs. in mature class. Breeding: Cross

"King of the Pontiscs" and the "Deininick blood." Cherry

Creek Stock Farm, Hilliards, Mich. iii. E. Parnielee, Proprietor.





35 7 5 cts Hazel-let grandson of Magilecrest De Kol

arthenea and Pontiac Mai 30 2 ll). Born

March hi. Traces to De Kol 2d 17 times. Dani Pontiac

Hes eria 2d. a Pontiac Korndyke l’ontinc Cornucopia and I'll"-

Burke combination. M. L. MeLaulin, Redford,liiich,J ;





“10 P N 01131] ” Holsteins





By careful retention, for many years. of larger-it: ro-

ducing females. rind use of superior sires. a bree ing

herd of wonderful quality has been established. We

are selling young biillsof this“1()l’ NOT(lII"quality.

of serviceable age, at moderate )riccs. Information



pedigrees,etc.. on application. ePHERS N FARMS

00., Howell, Michigan.





I

Buy Your Holstein Bulls

When They Are Calves.



Here are seven to select from, all from A. R. O. cows;

3 of the dams are granddaughters of Pontiac Korn-

dyke. The sire of two of these dams carry 75 1 the same

breedin as the $25000 bull Rag Apple Kornd k6



t . rite for description and prices. 1TH EA

STOCK FARM, Herbert L. Smith, Prop, Ionia. 00.,

Shiloh, Michigan.





1 Have Holstein BuIIS, 3‘35 ‘iatvrférat‘l‘i‘il‘é‘f





 





I can show breeding. records. individuality and ammo-

tive prices. L. E. CONN ELL, Fayette. Ohio.





FOR SALE Registered Holstein Bulls





ready for service. and bull calves. also females.

FREEMAN J. FISHBECK. Howell. Michigan.





EGISTERED Holstein Bull 6 months old. Two



nearest dams average 28 lbs. of butter and 650 lbs.



of milk in 7 days. Mostly white. good individual. $100



delivered with all papers. safe arrival guaranteed.

Write for pedigree Hill photo.



HOBART W. FAY, Mason. Michigan.





Reg. Holstein Females—Pontiac

Breeding 1 to 5 years. John A. Rinke. Warren, Mich





Beg. Holstcin Bull.‘iii‘i’6“‘fi3§.'didf’i‘dififi‘bh‘tfit‘





marked and well grown. E. B. Cornell, Howell, Mich,





° Handsome registered H01-



Only $40 DCIIVCI'CCI: stein bull calf. Sire 25 lb,

butter bull, Dam A. R. O. 17.62 lbs. butter. All papers.

Rougemont Farms. Detroit. Mich;





Six good men to buy pure bred HOLSTEIN BULL

CALVES. Good notes on a year's time accepted in pay-

ment. GEO. D. CLARKE. VASSAR. MICH.





F S I My entire herd or high grade Holstein

01' a e Cows and Heifers. Also one Reg. 3-yr. old

Percheron stud colt or will trade for Reg. Holstein

cows. Arthur N. Birkholz, New Buffalo, Mich.





- 0 Six exceptionally fine

'somethIng ChOlCe Holstein grade heifers

by 25 lb. A. R. O. butter bull, out of heavy milking

cows. Calves are beauties—9; white. Splendid size and

condition.



ROUGEMONT FARMS. Detroit, Michigan





Registered Holstein Bull calf. two-

For Sale. thirds white, born Mar. 15, 1916, dam

and sire's dam has A. R. 0. record. Price' $30. ,CHAS

I. COOK Fowlcrvillc, Mich. Box 438.





Lillie Farmstead Jersey Cattle. Bull calves from R.

of M. Cows. also heifer calves and several bred

heifers for sale. Colon O. Lillie, Coopereville, Mich.





FOR surfs—F

IIOgC Farm Jerseys bulls 2 bull calvggar n8

GE nor: 0. BORCK. Grand haven. Mich.





Jersey Built for Sale {gdnm‘l‘ii’o'f’lfl'lfifi‘i’ifl‘gh





 





l soml-ofltciel test. 0. B. We nor. 3. O. Allenn. Mich





" ' 5712—30

BREWERS" DIRECTORY- Howell Consignment Sale?” Co. "61‘th Jersey Herdlor'siil:

, ‘ FORTV COWS





The result of twenty years careful breedi and

selection, are now ofl'ered for sale. Individu milk

records have always been kept and are open for in-

spection. If interested write for articulars and if

ssible visit. and examine the he and their record.

sprliivery wiillbe made at. ixiyfr time detigm Jduring atihe

n or car y summer. eiv regis omen so

for-ea e. Address Geo. A. True, Armada. Mich.





TIDE, WILDWOOD Jersey Herd. Registered Jerse

Cattle of Qualit . Forty head Tuberculin tee

Majesty s Wonder 7 heads theherd. His daughters

are producing from 400 to5001bs. butter in one ear so

two yearold heifers, and are bred to Majesty's xford

Fox 134214 aclasey Grandson of Oxford Majesty which

combines type and production. Alvin Balden,Cspsc,lich.





Dairymenl

—The Truth





Youmaybep ' diced ' It

the Jersey heritage youamiii't

know her; hher up. She's





the Money Cow.





G t Th' B k hutery'

the Tweed rad Eli] onen- into:





. eating tests and facts. It proves

condou‘nvelofithat for pare duh"?f (m epon-

omy pr ucnon, 11 neon ' . o

3001‘ life and adaptability to feed. and ennui:

—aII these ombined—she stands way

above:them cl . This book "AboutJene

Cattle ' is free. et your copy now. You'fi





find it mighty good reading. ,

The American J erseyCattIe Club

346 West 23rd Street. New York City





 





 





' ' A 10 mos. old. solid color bull now

Hillside Farm Jam 8 on... i... .n. 1...... . a. «M.

cow with record of 546 be. of butter as o 8 yr. old. He is 3

fine individual. Price right. C. 5:0. Desks, Ypsilanti. Mich.





23 Be istered Tuberculin ‘emd Jersey Cows for

l . l

HERMAN HARMS. sizgéefofil’gh‘lzggiales





FOR SALE JERSEY BULL OALF





dropped Dec. 1st 1915. Solid color old f: -.- . "

individual, grand dams of both sirgunddam‘ri’i‘c ILIIIII?





cows. Will sell cheap.

NEWMAN’S STOCK FARM, Marielle, Mlcli., ll. 1.





Re Islered 3}“?th BELLS and Heifers Duroo

NOIII





 





 





 





ersey Boar: and b ed

EN FARM, GrESS‘Lake‘ Ndichfows for sale.





it. of M. JERSEY HERD fl"

Mdpl' Lane tuberculin tested cows, lfei‘fgisfmbiitlllg’

and bull calves backed by several generations of R'.

of M. breedzng. IRVIN FOX. Allegan. Michigan.





BIDWELL SHORTI‘IORNS





For “Beef and MIIk'I





Registered b ul 1 s,

Scotch - togped roans,

reds andw ite for sale.

Farm at NYC. Depot;

also D. T. & I. R'y.



Address G.B.8chmler Mgr.





BIDWELI. STOCK I’m

Box B. Tecumseh. Mich.





 





 





 

   





Albion Stamp 352670

Shor horn Cattle of both Sex for Sale





W. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan.





Bulls old enou h forservicc. (‘old

TWO SIWIIIIOIII Wyandotte Cocierels.Collic puippigd.l

S. G. BELCHER, R. No. 5. Hudson. Michigan.





 





 





 





AIltY Bred Shorthorns of best Bates strains. No

more females for sale at any price.

J. B. Hummel, Mason. Michigan.





FOR Sale-13 Reg. Short Horn Bulls by Maxwalton

Monarch 2nd,a son of Avondale, fromfi to 9 mosold

John Schmidt, Reed City, R. N0. 5.. Michigan





 





Five cows, Ten heifers. Five

SIIOI'IIIOI'II calllt calves; also herd bull for shells]

Write. Wm.J. Bell, Rose City, Mich.





Shorthorii Cows and Bulls For Sale

R, R. Station. Elsie. H. B. PETERS, Garland, Mich.





For Sale Shorthorn Herd Bull ti¥i€’.”'l%e.

description. W. F. BARR. Aloha, Michigan.

Shodmrn AND POLLED DURHAMS FOR SALE.





Have redw‘ roan and white. Have ov

head in herd. CJCarlson, Leroy, Mich. cr 100





 





 





 





 





 





 





Durhams for Sale, 8young cows and h ’f

POIIOd bred, 18 mo. to5 years. Prices right. Writ}; Ed:

them. 1.. C. KELLY. Plymouth. Michigan





2Loade feeders and two load yearling steers. Also





can show you any numberl, 2 and 3 years old from

600 to 1200 lbs. Isaac Shanstum, Fairiield, Iowa. R-8





HOGS.





 





 





 





 





4" ,. w—«& 1):; v;-,....‘>"" ."r... 3.x ,.

I have started thousands of breeders on he road

to success. I have a very large and fine herd. Ev-

ery one an early developer, ready for market at six

months old. I want to place one hog in each com-

munity to advertise my herd.



C. 5. BENJAMIN R. NO. 10, Pom-ml. Mlehlgln





     





re» s





 





 





 





 





' Si k ld ' .,

Boyalion Bred Berkshires. seiegeerfigiste‘ié’ff 3‘33:

firmer-s $7 .00 each. Order quick.

. F. VALENTINE, Supt. Temperance. Michigan.





of best breeding,of various a ea,either

BerkSIIIreS sex. all registered stock. gno akin.

special reduced price. Write your wants quick. .

Mitchell's Lakeside Farms. ILZ. Bloomingd. le, Mich.





fl-

BERKSHIRES, Bred gilts and sows due to‘ farrow

in April and May. Priced to move quick as crowded

or room. Chase's Stock Farm. Mariette, Michigan R.1.





' Ihave one nice fall Gilt to 0 at one

Berkshires not bred. and 2sows bred to8 farrow 13

April and May. A.A. Pattullo. Deckerville, Mich.





' Sows bred to farrow in April. Best.-



IGYIWINTB Hols'or breeding Ma le Place F rms

. a



C. S. BARTLETT Pro r. lgontiac Mich! an





' 0f various es either sex 0 en orbred

'OIkSIIII‘OS. prolific striiigis,’Registe . apt moderaté

price. Elmhurst Stock Farm. Almont. Michigan.





 





 





 





lrcedcrs’ Directory—Continued on page 543.





 





 





 





 





 





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”311.15; 111115.}





gull“IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE: P





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHII





Veterinary. __





fillllllllIlIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIR

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII





 





Curb -—I have a three-year-old colt



that slipped on the ice about two

months ago causing a' curb. Please

tell me how I can remove it.. C. K.,

Melvin, Mich. —Apply one part red io-

dide of mercury and six parts lard

once a week.

*Infected Joints—I have a calf that

is about a month old which is very

badly crippled. When ten days old I

noticed some of his joints were swol-

len and it bothered him to get up. Lat-

er his neck seemed to be affected and

twisted to one side. What had I bet-

ter do for him? Mrs. E. F., Port Aus-

tin, Mich.——Your calf became infected

through navel and is now incurable.

A little attention at bi1th, such as apo

plying any good home healing remedy

to navel and surrounding parts, at the

same time tying cord and painting

end with tincture of iodine would have

saved your calf’s sickness. Painting

joints with tincture iodine twice a

week and giving calf 4 grs. of quinine

at a dose three times a day will do

some good.



Thumps—Eczema.——What can I do

to prevent my young pigs from having

thumps and is there a remedy for it?

My cows are losing their hair, which

seems to come off in patches. C. C. V.,

Niles, Mich.——-Thumps is a very com-

111011 ailment in young pigs and this

condition is doubtless due to some in-

terference of the diaphragm and is us-

ually in some way associated with ov-

erloading of the stomach and in many

cases it seems to develop in pigs that

do not have a chance to exercise. The

treatment consists in feeding good

nourishing food and obliging the pigs

to take plenty of exercise. Your cows

should be groomed or washed occa-

sionally and wet body with one part

coal tai disinfectant and 49 parts of

outer daily.



Licel—Iwish you would let me know

how to take lice off horses. A. It,

Farmington, Mich. —Clip your horses

and appr one part coal-tar disinfectant

and 29 parts water. If you have a

warm stable you might select a warm

day and wash them with this solution

occasionally.





Tonic for Horses—Will you please

prescribe an

horses and cattle? A. V’V. R., Ply-

mouth, O.—Mix together equal parts

bicarbonate soda, sulphate of soda.

ground ginger, ground fenugreek,

ground gentian, powdered charcoal.

Give a tablespoonful or two at a dose

two or three times a day.



Veterinary Question—l am writing

to know how long you consider it nec-

essary to keep up the treatment you

prescribed for ulcerated vaginitis in

cattle? R. S., Howell, Mich—It is al‘

ways good practice to continue treat-

ment until the animal either recovers

or dies; or until treatment in the case

becomes hopeless. Therefore, I wish

readers of this department would bear

that in mind.-





Growth of False Ttissue on Leg.-—-I

have a six-year—old mare in foal that

has a thickened protruding bunch on

hind leg extending from fetlock nearly

to rock, caused by a barb wire cut. F.

J. F., Butternut, Mich—Dissolve 1 oz.

of permanganate of potash in one-half

pint- of water and paint scar once a

day. I have always been a great be-

liever in the surgical removal of such

bunches ,then take care of the wound

as it should have been taken care of

in the first place. This is work for a

Vet: however, if the more is near foal—

ing time it had better be postponed.





Diseased Tooth —— Sidebone—Ring—

bone. —1 have a ten- "year-old mare that

had an ulcerated tooth which our Vet.

punched out through the side of her

face and for a long time the wound re-

fused to close; but since she has an

offensive discharge from nose. She

also has sidebones and ringbone on one

hind leg which makes it very difficult

for her to move. G. N. H, Kalamazoo.

Mich. —I do not believe that your mare

will get well of either ailment; there-

fore. you will be money in pocket to

have her destroyed; however, you had

better get the opinion of your Vet. be-

fore doing away with her.



Scratches. —I would like to known:

what to apply on the heels of my six-

year- -old mare that has had scratches

for the past three months. C. F E.,

New Lathrop, Mich. ——Clip off hair, ap-

ply wet bandages dipped out of one

part bichloride of mercury and one

thousand parts water to soften scabs;

then scrape off hard part, and apply

the following lotion once a day: Dis-

solve 1 oz of permanganate of potash

in one quart of water, give 3 drs. of

Donovan’s solution of arsenic at a





dosethree times a day.





inexpensive tonic for





 





 





 





' ' The style ollllo sulkyllao

“ugh-nil" ouniomyol the horoo remained:-

Nowion’o has oured horses lor 34 years.





 





 





Usually,





NEWTON





tive organs.

final worm expeller.





curing horses for more than 34





around all the time. Good for

if your dealer can’t sup

or $1.00 cans, we will

booklet





THE NEWTON REMEDY 00.,





 





Where do Heaves Catch a Horse?





when a horse shows symptoms of heaves, the

cause is attributed to lung affections.

owners will administer medicine that acts on the lungs,

with the result that the animal is not cured, because

heaves is not a lung disorder.

indirectly. Heaves 15 caused by indigestion.





goes right to the seat of the trouble—the stomach.

the cause of the disorder and tones up the digestive and respira-

It is a wonderful stomach and intes-

It’s death to heaves.





Newton's is a veterinary remedy that has been





or second $1. 00 can of Newton’ 5 often cures

heavesand three cans are guaranteed to cure. If

they fa1l, we’ll willingly refund your money.





You’ll find Newton’ 3 a handy conditioner to have





‘youly with either the 50c

rcel Posh Write for





For that reason,





it affects the lungs only





Hoavo, Cough,

Distemper and

Indigestion Cure





It removes





’8





years. The first





cattle and hogs.





 





SCREW-TOP CANS

133 Ontario St.,Tolodo, Ohio





 





 





 





 





 





CATTLE





Livingston County Holstein Breeders’

Sole Capo-y

Will Sell 100 head of Registered Holsteins. at

HOWELL, MICH.

Wednesday, May 17, 1916

(LARGER AD LATER)

Catalogs May 7. F. J. Fishlmlr, Secy.





SW lGARTDALE FARM





BREED!“ OF





I sown-m 111111 mamas





Stock for sale at all times Berkshires oi unsurpassed

It! hr at reasonable prices. Ach





 





 





 





 





 





bull calf, nicely marked, lfive months old. dry-dam.

threcord of over 27110 Dom or cilia ogrand

daughter of Hengerveld Deu Kol. Price $50.00 ‘





Swigaridalc Farm, Peicrsbnrg, Mich.





 





EM'L°1?§.1 rope 11er]iii-{el'cindwr1 Orders

rem

wants. Meadow Vie“ Stock F ar “135. Holland, Allow:





 





i‘

ch35“, “him“ Sprin epi sairnoxgttgizgfitbloodllnes





F. W. ALEXANDER. Vassar, Mich.

Dunc JETSIYS. We haVea few choice ti2311111; boars





for sale compfioingt test

an,





 





blood lines. The Professor. KAgant Ohio Chief,



Good L. Null. Orion. Perfection. In D. Jack. Pilot

reuo.nabie Send for igree.



THE dJE'rNNING'S FARMS. R. I. iloy, Mich.





 





111111111 Nerd I). J. Swiss. 300““ can bad a!

We“ Prepaid 3- E Banshart. Rafhl’afi‘ifitfiiifnmicci





DUIIOG JERSEY 111111: ' LE“??? ‘°‘§.f12%b‘1’31'§1





F 11

not akin. 0R. pfiilan. Michigan





-—F ll

”“0: m.” a. shouldnd springplfsoithor mitom

CHERRY LAWN FARM. Shepherds. Michigan,





 





 





nunoc amen... a...” .... «33,511,:





orders for springpigs. E. D. Heydenberk, Ignylmd llich.

JERSEYS-Foil house! the large heavy

DUROC boned ty.pe Sired by Champion winners. Open

gilt ready for bonding. Holstein bull col! 0 loo individual.

Smooth-old. nicely marked. F. J Drodt, hfonroe. R. 1. Mich.

UROC JerseVs—Fanc fall gs (either sex). Bull

Roz-k eggs $1.25 per CEVJA on I'

15. John McNicoll. R. 4. 3113101113. “Bay “aggre-





.mc “(fit—8 a 32mg}? ready“ for service also 11110533





Two d fall ilts. also two fall

DI?!” Jeruy‘ boars‘oei’ill b 00%: orders for

p.igs Wm. W. Kennedy. R.'3 . Grass Lake. .Mlch.





Dunno JERSEYS—:1... ”a: has“;

W





 





N Boned 011101134“ °‘ 3‘“

m and fall pigs For Sale.

M. 11.311117. oxsmos. 111131111111 011..) Mich.





 





nuroc Jerseys sinusitis Eta?) “$131232

1601bs,t,0180lbs. H. G.Keeslef. R. No. 5. Case-

.112111- menu



Ilnroc A1111. Boers 8“ “if. R;‘:.3§,.P;‘§e. “8'

E. J 11111111911. Tokansho. M1c11.._ R..1N0 ii‘ Phone





 





 





 





OBSON‘S DI ROCS Combine size. quality. brood





ing. Hours for sale. Pifs at W1 aning time. lie

istered Jersey bull. Orlo Dobson. Quincy. Mic .





 





BIG Bone Poland China bodBoarh forv sale. co

breede. lonfibod ybone.

Re; A dress B. G ILLS, Fennvllle, Michigan





0. I. C. BRED GIL'I‘S,31II;IPe.i‘l‘r‘.“5 1'30“”





J. CARL JEWETT. Mason. Mich.





 





31—543





0 I c S.WINE Oct‘. boats and 2g11ts3—393lstered

Holstehl Bulls sired by

Cloverleaf Stock Farm. Monroe, ulMich. No. l.





Boars at Half Price





We still have a few big boned. big type Poland China

boars read} for Service. weighing up to $0 lbs. not fat

at 3‘1) 1% $25 each. Registered in MM er‘ 6 name. Also

regcistered black Percheron Stallion 2yenrs old 821).“).

LER. Portland MIch., Bell Phone.





POLAND GHINAS





From our thousand pound Grand Champion Boar

and Big stretchV Sous. Also booking orders now





for spring pigs.

llillcrest Farm, Kalamazoo, Mich.





Pairs and trio not akin

Big Type POIand China out 01 large litters.

.HOLTON. Route 11. Kalamazoo. Mithigan.





POUND ACHVIJLOAS D2331 33% agyb’igrm type. bred for

1’“ SON S-Hne. 3.1.1.1....





 





 





 





4 choice boars ready for serV ice.



lll'gl Strain P's -Some nice fall igs A fan bred



G1lts left some to farm“ the last 0? April and first:



of May. At Farmers Prics.e



H. 0. SWARTZ. Schoolcrntt. Michigan.



Gilts and sows. Bred lor Mar. and



large ILpe P- c- April Iarrow. Sired by Big Des



Molncs, lg Knox Jr. .ahd Giant Delender Bred to Big





Knox Jr. Smooth Wonder 3 and Big Jumbo four great~

est. bears in slate. Come or “rite. ll. E. LiVi11gston.P11rma. Mich.





eithei sex, 111 ages. Some-

For sale ?0|and China: thing good atla In“ mice.

P. D. Long. R. FD 8. Grand Rapids. Mich





Poland Chinas. Fall and Summer Pi s.



“.1le Bon'd Sows Bred. Eggs from |1igBa1rred R00 :1

31» 1‘15. ROBERT NEVE. Piercon.MIchlgnn.



IG TYPE POLAND CHINAS— bred sons and gilts



all sold. Hme seVeml good spring heals and fall





we}; Both sex. Call 01 write

BREWBAKER & SONS. Elsie. Michigan





EGIST ERED Poland China Spring Bears and Sewn

at $15 each. Making thisspeclal price to make room

for others. A.G.l\leade. Stanton. Mich. Colbys Ranch.





 





 





 





 





TVpe P. 0 Sows 1i Gilts all sold Ham 5 extul

Hgood spring boars. Sired in Big D1 fende1

E.LSBAW Augusta. Michigan.





largJo





 





. Bed5 Poll Bulls

use $75ac.l1

MER. MICHIGAN





La rge Yorkshl res‘ “5““





8e tember 2 ti boars. Pr ices reasonable.

WPC CO8? 331m 0. l. ADA. MICHIGAN.





Yorkshires Gilts





For March 1t April fan-ow mg For Sale

Waterman & Waterman. Ann Arbor. Mich.





“-le Yorkshire SM”. .2510





 





enowruv TH E DISEASE





Pnounc "MULEFOOT" RESIST-

PROFITABLC HOG m





w: AM: How oooxmo anon: Ion ammo P10.





THE CAHILL FARMS

KALAMAZOO - - - - MICHIGAN





 





 





 





 





Ham:ohiI re 811' me. .thegreatfpustun 1101; My herd 1 on-

tains tl 1e bloodof some 0 the greatest champions

ofthe brel d. Headed by 3 son of the Great Look Uut'



Brod sows end boon olloold.Booki11gorders for spring pigs. C on

supply puts ondtrios. notpkiu. Geo. E Starr, GrassLako, Mith





——Nothing for sale but Api. Boers



"IIFSNIT. N033 ’lakingorders forspringgigs. Vi rite



)‘Hourwants John“ Snydrr St. Johns R o l Mich.

Pigs of both sex. Bred





Hampshire Stine. 1.0... 11.11.11» Qprlcessoi' 351..” '11)”

sell. FLOYD MYERS R. No 9.Decatur, Inn.

:=





SHEEP.





 





 





 





   

 





 





 





 





 





 





41

:1' " _ .1. K K F

1” 11111111. . - .53 ope on arms

‘5: .. n I for 3; ill I,” sunorsnuuzs 111111 Donocs. “11111311110011, mcu

111 ' "' '

Iii , 1 1 E: OXIOTdI Down Sheep- erggsdof‘gllriiggs [figpiiall‘eams M

:'E .F. GANSSLEY. Iennon. Michigan.

5 .......... ...... WO0L-MUTTON 51111015111111: lawns

a... .1... Baiatshhwq‘w 8...... W”-

O I c 15111111108110.1313“ ood type 111111 ”a "M3 ”Ck "m' “‘93“ M

. Polled bul calves.

John Bernei and 8011fl Grand Ledge. Mich. HORSES

o | .Chcice' serViceable boars. Choice slits all

I a I sold. Fullpiu, either sex. not skin. Write for low





prices and description. .61. HATT. (111.111.1119. Mich.





O l C Octobei boars VV eighing 2001115. at 325

0 0 each for. Afirilshi pmen.

C. J. THOMPSON, oekfovd. Michigan.





Way Brothers Stock Farm. i533. 8%”1‘1’. fi’SJi’gtcl’c‘f

for ‘10. Registered free. J. B. Way, ThroaRiv-rs, Ilcll.





 





 





 





C‘ ilts bred for Maye and

June iarrow. I

Dansville,p Mlchl





0. I. c. Boar: for serum

express. G..P ANDRE“ S.





o | OH Serviceable boars. ms bred for June

0 furrow. Booking or ers for Spring pigs,

no akin. .MANN. Dansvllle. Michigan.

IG TYPE 0. I. C. ‘11. and Chester Whites. 8 rial

prices on all boars and tall pigs either sex bese

are sired by 1111021111, this boar aired our unbeaten

breeders young herd at every state in It we show this

y,ear other sires are R onder Boy. White Hall 11an Allen

this boarwns Junior champion at Wis. State Fa it last

year Now Mr.

champions. our price is no higher than other breeders

and the Express Co. charges just the same for a poor

pig as it does for a good one. Get our catalog and sec

ml) the good oneoore. We are book [or Spring

pigs sired by Sch oolmaster. thle onhighest p ced boar o!

the breed ood five times We Rep Free and ship

C. D. Rolling View Stock Far-n11! Cass City, Mich.





0. LC. Swine 5.1“? l?‘éi21“1’i.§i§l§1i§’$ii1"ifi‘§a





ElmerE. Smith. Redford.Mlcl1



0 IO bred gilts all sold 11111 oflering Sept. boars

0- and gilts, large roVV'thV ones and booking



Olden honoringpiuAJ. nrkei, R.1. Belmont Mich.





I ' c! A few bred sows to fan-ow in April, May



osol 3- ndJune. I (htoveplut‘lioll hours t: otter.

11111 111: soodstoc



Ottogngchulze.§wshville. Mich. M11111. westof depot





0.13.0.Seplembcr I“ so 25);}; 53501111?er

.MILET owlerv1lle, M1ch1gan.



o. L c. CH6. B“... read) for service. I

tertoes. Jonas r. mod?” 11. ”Him. 11 1111

I am offering





0- I. c. SWINE choice gilts





strictly 0. I_. 0. ty ebredtofarrowtheforepart of May-

also fall pigs glitz. Stock registered in pur.

chaser' 8 name tee of c arge. A. J. Garden. R. 2. Don-,niich.





0. I.0.'s. Fill PIES. EllNEll SEX. 323332223?





1A. R. GRAHAM. Flint. Michigan.





Buyer our pigs are all sired from





 





 





 





DUNHAMS

Percherons





For Filly Years The Bcsi





Send Ior fine Photographic

Catalogue.





Dunhams,





 

 

 





Wayne, Dupage County, Illinois ‘





 





 





 





 





Valuable Percheron

Stallions & Mares

Must be Sold to close Eslalo





I. A. Palmer, Ethic,





B. It. Orleans. lilcll P. 0. Boiling. llcll

Registered Porcherons





2 rising two year old Percheron Stallions weight 1550

and 1600 lbs. Priced to sell. Inspection Invited.

l:.. C. HUNT. Elton Ropido. Michigan.





 





 





(Additional Horse Ads on Page 537).





I

I
‘ ~15





Roadster $595





Model 75 - P. o. b. Toledo.





 





7...; "i"?""""""l"“|l||l'“lllllllll [ml “ll





INIII|





"NI

"MW" Null!





.Illllllll IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII





"Hmllllll





lilllliillii'ilhl

ii” IIIIIH“ “t J





llllllllIlHll!IllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHHHHIHIIIIIMHHHIIIIIWW





 





 





 





 





 





 





This Overland costs only $615.

But it is every inch an Overland—a perfect

Ibeauty.





Though a small, light, economical car, it is

Iroomy, sturdy and powerful.





And it is absolutely complete to the last detail.





Never before has a stylish, comfortable, com-

pletely equipped car been offered at anywhere near

so low a price.





N ow for the first time, exacting pride and

strictest economy are fully satisfied in one and the

same car. -





And for easy riding this newest Overland is

not to be compared with any other car of its size.





In fact, many abig, high-priced car is nowhere

near so easy riding.





It has cantilever rear springs which absorb

road shocks more perfectly. than any other type.





Large four- inch tires add to its easy riding

qualities.





 





——so now there’s no need

to sacrifice pride to economy





Catalog on request—Please oddreu Dept. 566





The Willys-Overland Company, Toledo, Ohio





"Made in U. S. A."





 





And the seats are soft and deep and built up

over long spiral springs. '



The seats are also broad and wide—ample in

their roominess for five full grown people.



Of course it is electrically lighted and started

and the electrical control SWitches are located on

the steering column—right at your hand.



You should have a car this spring——



And if you want top c ass at bottom price, it

must be this Overland, for no other car meets both

these requirements. ,



No wonder it has swept the countrywthe biggest:

and quickest success of all our long line of record

breaking models. -



But one thousand cars a day is the present

limit of our productiOn.



That is more than double the capacity of any

other producer of cars of this size and class.



But the demand is in proportion to the excess

value in this car.



Order yours now to avoid delay.



See the Overland dealer today.