AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FEDERATION 66th Annual Meeting • January 7-10, 1985 Lush and emerald green, sparkling against the beautiful blue Pacific, HAWAII offers you the adventure of foreign lands while pro- viding you all the amen- ities of home ... and more. Blue lagoons, graceful palms trees, white sand beaches, awe-inspiring snow-capped mountains, peaceful valleys, luxurious resorts and bustling cities-a fascinating blend of old-world Polynesia and new-world 20th Century, flavored by the immense charm and informal style of the gracious, friendly Hawaiians. Sightseeing, shopping, touring, sports and entertainment in this spectacular 50th State, with its perpetual early summer climate and continual sunshine, will color your days with the deep tan of relaxation and your nights with the rosy glow of excitement-creating memories you will never forget. {{A/~ffiJJ ,s'Y/{f/ ib aIi. .%zaHZii Ilar/ to alf/ .---------------------------------------------- [g Please rush a copy of the official Hawaii Convention brochure to: MAIL TO: (Please print or type) Michigan Farm Bureau NAME _ Information Division P.O. Box 30960 Lansing, MI 48909 ADDRESS _ CITY/STATE/ZIP _ New membership year is a good time to Positive Problem review Farm Bureau successes. Solving Gets Results This column, over the years, outlook for electing "Friends of dent it will. I've talked with a lot has been what you might call Agriculture" in 1984 is very of farmers who are looking for- "crisis-oriented." It's most often good. , ward to this opportunity for in- used for a call for member ac- put - and not just those who Problem: How to protect your- tion on issues that are .likely to self in the case of elevator are involved in farm programs, have a negative impact on our bankruptcy. but also fruit, vegetable and industry without the interven- Solution: Work through Farm livestock producers who realize tion of farmer members in the Bureau to get current law that all of agriculture will be legislative and public opinion changed. Your organization lob- impacted by Farm Bill '85. arenas. bied for, and got, a bill passed I'm certain that given solid It just seems to me that this by Congress that contains a economic facts upon which to is a good time, as we enter our provision protecting farmers base their decisions, Farm Bu- new membership year, to talk who have grain stored in bank- reau members will come up about some of the positive rupt elevators. When assets of with a policy they'll proudly and things that have happened re- an elevator are divided, the first confidently support as the best cently, or will happen soon, $2,000 of individual farmers' solution to agriculture's prob- because farmers have used claims will be awarded before lems. their Farm Bureau as a problem- any other claim. If we had space, we could solving tool. have a much longer "good Problem: How to save your Problem: How to increase net news" list - the U.S. Supreme land grant university's veteri- farm income. Court's ruling on P.A. 344 that nary college when it's in danger Solution: Become a subscriber did not strike down the entire of losing its accreditation be- of AgriCom, MFB's computer- Michigan Agricultural Marketing cause of outdated facilities. ized marketing information and and Bargaining Act and still Solution: Work through your education program. AgriCom allows MACMAto represent its Farm Bureau to convince the subscribers who also receive members in negotiations with Legislature to increase the the Illinois FB AgriVisor service processors; approval of a 15% funding necessary to meet the get the best advice in the na- setaside for the national red accreditation standards. The tion, according to an analysis tart cherry crop with no in- Michigan Legislature has ap- by Farm Journal. Over a three- tervention by the Office of proved plans for a new veteri- year period, AgriVisor averaged Management and Budget to nary science building and reno- 20 cents over the national aver- override the USDAapproved vation of the present outdated age price for corn and more marketing order - just to men- facilities - plus increased fund- than 50 cents for soybeans. tion a few. ing for MSU's Animal Health Tough to beat in the" good All these "good news" items Diagnostic Center. news" column! happened because farmers used Problem: How to have knowl- their Farm Bureau as a problem- Problem: How to have an im- edgeable, effective input into solving tool. And the best news pact on legislative decisions the drafting of a new federal yet is that this organization is a that affect your farm business. farm program that will direct tool that never wears out; in Solution: Vote for "Friends of the course of agriculture in the fact, the more it's used, the bet- t;JA~~ Agriculture" in the upcoming next decade. general election. The good news Solution: Work through our is that farmers do more than grassroots policy development pass out titles - they follow process to build a Farm Bureau through on their commitment policy on Farm Bill '85 that en- by voting, as demonstrated in sures agriculture a healthy Elton R. Smith, President the recent primary election. future. Michigan Farm.Bureau Because of that commitment, While this latest solution AgriPac members believe the hasn't moved into the "good news" column yet, I'm confi- 4 RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 COUNTRY LEDGER Common Sense Attitude Needed to Balance Multiple Koles By Connie Turbin portant partnerships of all - County Vigilant, Southern Mlchi- marriage and family. Working gan Farm News and South Bend As copy started to come in on together allday long, she re- Tribune. Beginning this month, • the September cover feature, minds farming families, doesn't she willbe hosting a weekly "Real farm Women in the Age assure good communication or 30-minute interview program with emphasis on farm and , . of Options," I read the articles by Wendy Elsey, Marcia Ditchie, necessarily offer the chance to talk about feelings or expecta- rural topics for radio station Cathy Kirvan and Mike Rogers tions. WDOW, Dowagiac. + with great interest.I was de- More common sense advice for Martha Thuemmel, in- lighted by the humor and down- from Carolynne, echoed by volvement with the county to-earth attitudes portrayed in Stella Otto, emphasizes the farm Bureau Women's Commit- the feature profilesof three need for personal time, couple tee and Information Committee '"., farm women - Carolynne Weg- time and a balanced attitude programs has led to a co-host meyer of Alpena County, Stella toward the amount of physical spot on a weekly television pro- .. Otto of Antrim County and Mar- and psychological energy that gram for Saginaw Valley resi- tI:taThuemmel of Huron County. willbe devoted to the farming dents, called, "farm and The introduction by Wendy operation. full-time devotion to Garden." Martha shares her own Elsey, Cass County farm wife the farming enterprise is more "would you rather ... " decision and "optional superwoman" drudgery than dream, and too making process as she talks herself,offered a much needed, often spells disaster for the about how she decided to take ~ "Iaugh 'tilithurts" antidote for farm couple, these farm women on the chall~nge of a weekly TV the tendency to set unrealistic agree. broadcast. goals. And Rural Living's regu- Taking time for personal I hope that both men and lar "farmette" cartoonist An- development opportunities, women willspend time in the • drea Hofmeister of Tuscola social activities,and program pages of Rural Living magazine County pitched in with her own involvement in farm Bureau is with these insightful farm graphic commentary on the im- a common denominator for women as they talk about their ,I>' age struggles of the "Super these farm women. County and real,modern day roles and ex- , farmette." statewide programs for young pectations as wife, mother, The wonder of itis that while farmers, women and in public career person and farm partner. f .. women - and men - may find relations have opened the doors exaggerated superwoman car- to new experiences. , icatures amusing, too many of us keep right on trying to "do it Both Wendy Elsey and Stella Otto have been involved in their , all."What the women featured county young farmer and infor- in these articlestellus very mation committees. candidly is that career and rela- Thanks to encouragement tionship trade-offs and good from the MFB Outstandiryg , communication skillsare keys to balancing the multiple roles of today's farm woman. Young farm Woman judges in last year's finals competition, Wendy embarked upon a side- Carolynne Wegmeyer's part- line career as journalist ... suc- I • time career as family counselor cessfully,too. Since volunteer- has equipped her to be especial- ing to serve as her county's in- Iy aware of the criticalneed for formation chairperson, Wendy communication in the most im- has become a regular contri- butor for the Dowagiac Dally News, Marcellus News, Cass .. RURAL LIVING,SEPTEMBER 1984 5 LEGISLATIVE REVIEW ton held to investigate the dropped in subcommittee mark- firm's plan to take over failing up. farms. The plan exchanges -H.R. 5454 extends duty-free shares in a limited partnership treatment for certain tractor which would then allow the parts. FB supports this bill. This farmer to continue to farm the bill was dropped in subcommit- Export Commission - Citing land as long as he could keep tee markup. the four"year decline in U.S. up rental payments on it. -H.R. 2711 imposes a minor farm exports, FB endorsed a Officials in Iowa and Kansas duty on apple imports. The pur- proposal for a national agricul- have vetoed that kind of financ- pose is to place Argentine a~ple tural trade and export commis- ing in their states and are imports in a category that will sion. In testimony before the studying the financing plan to permit the Department of Com- Senate Government Affairs see if it violates any state laws. merce to investigate the export Committee, an FB spokesperson subsidies with regard to apple said that new ideas are needed juice. If the alleged subsidies to cope with complex interna- Balanced Budget Amend- are fact, then a countervailing tional trade problems. ment - Senate Majority Leader duty action could be initiated. FB supports creation of a Howard Baker has said he would FB strongly supports this bill. It commission made up of mem- allow the balanced budget was reported out by the full bers of Congress and represen- amendment to be considered on committee. tatives of the private sector to the Senate floor if it could get -H.R. 4255 provides for a explore ways to boost agricul- through the Senate Judiciary reduction in duties on certain tural exports. If established, the Committee, but added that he fresh asparagus. FB opposes commission would make a pre- did not think the measure would this bill because it unilaterally liminary report to Congress pass that committee. He said reduces duty rates on products next March, as work on the the measure, if considered on entering the U.S. without ob- ., 1985 farm bill begins, and a the floor, would take up a great taining a counter concession final report in July 1986. In ad- deal of the limited time left to from our trading partners. This dition to assessing current farm the Senate during this .session. bill was reported out. policy, the commission would Since the Democratic Party plat- - H.R. 4296 establishes a consider how the government's form specifically opposes a con- clearer definition of intended economic and foreign policy stitutional amendment to duties on "concentrated" and and international economic balance the budget, the "nonconcentrated" orange conditions affect exports. measure is expected to get short juice. FB supports this bill shrift from Speaker O'Neill and which was reported out of com- Farm Bill '85 - Agricultural company in the House. mittee. credit legislation should be con- sidered after the 1985 farm bill Tariff Legislation Update is in place, said Farm Credit Ad- - Sixty-two miscellaneous tariff ministration Economist George bills have been reported out by Irwin. Credit should have only a the House Ways and Means limited role in the new longer- Committee. FB was especially term farm policy, despite cur- interested in several of those rent pressures to focus on measures: short-term emergency credit -H.R. 5206 authorizes addi- Solid Waste - H.B. 5.365 measures. Irwin said credit pro- tional duties on Canadian swine unanimously passed the House. grams were l10t the cause of ec- and pork products to offset It would allow local govern- onomic changes in the agricul- alleged subsidies to Canadian ments to negotiate with current tural sector and should not be producers. FB opposes this bill landfill or incinerator operators used to prevent them. because it is inconsistent with over such conditions as hours trading obligations under GATT of operation, but would prohibit terms. This bill is on the com- attempts to force the landfill or Falling Farms - A creative mittee agenda. incinerator to a different loca- financing scheme being ad- -H.R. 5449 provides fast tion, or to make the facility va"ncedby a Chicago-based firm track treatment for domestic smaller than permitted. called Consolidated Family producers who claim loss due The restrictions are aimed at Farms came under fire at a con- to imported perishable agricul- preventing communities from gressional hearing in Washing- tural products. FB strongly sup- ports this bill. This bill was 6 RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 blocking creation of new solid Food for Peace Program waste facilities. If the local government and the operator are unable to reach an agree- Marks 30th Anniversary ment, they may undertake bind- ing arbitration to reach a settle- ment. This will be a Senate • issue during the fall session. MDAReorganization - Dr. Paul Kindinger, director of the Michigan Department of Agri- culture, has announced that the present four bureaus in the department will be replaced by two areas which will each be headed by a deputy director. The program area will in- clude: the Office of Toxic Sub- stances and Emergencies; Fami- ly Farm Development Authority; Agricultural Marketing and Bar- I'IFBPresident Elton R. Smith (pictured far left) was among the digna- gaining Board; and the divi- taries invited to join President Reagan for the signing of a com- sions of plant industry, food memorative proclamation to celebrate 30 years of the U.S. Food for Peace program. and laboratory. Also included are a new Animal Industry Di- vision which combines the ex- Michigan Farm Bureau Presi- years ago in the mind of a Farm isting animal health and dairy dent Elton R. Smith was a guest Bureau member," President divisions; an Environmental of President Reagan at the Smith said. "Through our or- Division, comprised of the cur- White House recently to cele- ganization's policy development rent water resources and soil brate the 30th anniversary of process, that idea made its way conservation divisions; and an P.L. 480, the nation's Food for to the voting delegates at the expanded Marketing Division, Peace program. American Farm Bureau annual t including the climatology, fairs The idea for P.L. 480, an on- meeting. They approved the and racing and the Upper Penin- going effort that has supplied idea, lobbied for it in Congress, sula State F.airdivisions. over $33 billion in food aid to and were successful in its The second area, administra- more than 100 countries since passage. tion and public affairs, will in- its inception, originated from a "Now, 30 years later, P.L. 480 clude the legislative coordina- Community Action Group in is still recognized by both politi- tor, policy coordinator, Office of Michigan. cal parties as a great humani- Planning and Evaluation, Per- "Farm Bureau members can tarian law, as well as one that sonnel Division, an upgraded be proud that this humanitarian moves American farm products Communications Division, Fi- law was conceived over 30 to the marketplace," he said. nance Division (including the functions of budgeting, ac- counting, auditing and purchas- the drain code, identified prob- the discussion. Current FB ing), and an Automated Ser- lems in obtaining adequate policy places high priority on vices Division. drainage, and recommended revising the drain code to effec- amendments to the drain code tively solve the drainage needs to solve these problems. How- of production agriculture. Drain Code - Updating the ever, the changes were vigor- present drain code continues to ously opposed by county drain be an important legislative Field Gleaning Tax Credit - commissioners. issue. FB was represented on a S.B. 819 will be considered in Recently a group of county statewide Drain Code Task the fall legislative session. It drain commissioners has begun Force three years ago. The task would extend the Gleaner's Tax looking at possible modifica- force made an in-depth study of Credit Act, scheduled to expire tions to the drain code. They on Dee. 31, 1984. will be meeting in August and have invited FB to participate in RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 7 The more you expect from your milk feed mone~ the more you're our kind ofdairyman. Whatever your plans are today feed that will do all this most DID rol.l.iQgherd - to produce more, less or about efficiently. the same amount of milk as last More and more dairymen, in, averages in the year - one thing's for sure. You eluding some of the best in the top 5% earned them want the most IXJssibleincome business Oikethose featured Distinguished from the dollars you spend here), find the answer at their for feed. Purina Dealer. Purina offers over Dairyman of And the key is choosing a milk, 200 different milking rations to America Awards~ ing ration that best balances any make sure there's one that will fit A third generation dairyman, roughages and grain you may your herd. And 63 separate mill David Roth of Laysvillle, Penn, have; that fits your kind of cows locations assure the feeds needed sylvania, uses the total Purina dairy - and that will produce the for your area are available. ration program - from nursing, amount of milk you expect. A Ask your Purina Dealer to help starting and growing feeds through you select the best ration for High Octane@Cow Chow@brand your needs. 36% concentrate. His DHI rolling FB supported this law (P.A. advantage of the tax credit, Welfare roles are declining. 208) when it passed in 1982. however, it is believed that the ADC roles are the lowest since The purpose is to encourage law has encouraged more January 198.3 and general as- farmers to allow charitable, " gleaning." sistance the lowest since De- non-profit groups to "glean" or cember 198.3. pick fruits and vegetables or About 17,500 welfare recipi- other crops left after harvest, or Welfare Job Training - Un- ents applied for 7,000 minimum those that are not harvested. der a new law (H.B. 54.34, P.A. wage jobs available through Usually the produce is used by 201) that took effect July 1, Michigan's Project Self-Reliance the 10 food banks throughout about 87,000 ADC welfare Program. These are three to six the state. clients have been sent notices month jobs in public or non- The gleaning bill allows a ordering them to register for profit agencies. The money that farmer a 10% state income tax job training programs or be cut would have gone to welfare pay- credit on the wholesale market off from benefits for three ments is being transferred to value of the crops donated to months. This represents about pay for the salaries. the non-profit groups. In order one-third of the 2.38,000 to receive the credit, a simple families receiving ADC benefits. form, called the Gleaning Credit The new law requires parents IIVoter's Choice Amend- ll Claim (MI-I040CR-8), is filed with children older than six ment - It is likely that the with the farmer's state income months to register for training. "Voter's Choice" amendment to tax return. This is more strict than federal the Michigan Constitution will According to the Treasury De- requirements which apply to be on the Nov. 6 ballot. The pro- partment, only a few fruit and parents of children over six posal has far reaching implica- vegetable producers have taken years old. The state has been tions, both immediate and long granted a waiver to enforce the range. It will affect all forms of new, stricter law. government (state, townships, 8 RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 has been fed Purina since;' Muller says. "We have always been satis, fied with the results and felt that Purina has done more research than other companies~' ., David Roth, Loysville, Pennsylvania Arnold Oechsner, Jr., BrOOJrlSville,Wisconsin herd average is 19,476 lbs. '1 tried herd average of 20,309 lbs., says to increase milk production with he has fed Purina milking ration another feed;' he says, "but it didn't for more than five years because it work - so I went back to Purina. "has given me the most milk pr0' It's a lot better feed~' Richard Muller, Washington, Illinois duction per cow per year~' Another third generation dairy, Richard Muller, Washington, man is Arnold Oechsner, Jr. of .Recognition of dairymen who have fed Purina milking Illinois, who also feeds Purina BrOUJTLSville,Wisconsin. He feeds rations for over 12 months and whose DHI rolling herd High Octane brand 36% con, his 115 head herd both Purina averages are in the top 5% in their state for their breed. centrate, reports a DHI rolling High Octane brand 36% concen, herd average of 19,962 lbs. "My trate and Purina Milk Generator@ father started feeding Purina Cow Chow about 1925 and the herd brand 1056 complete ration. Oechsner, who has a DHI rolling C Ra'"oo PUIlna Co, 19841:-:1 ~ c.. school districts, counties, fees along with changes num- there had been millage in- cities, etc.). bering in the thousands state- creases within authorized The amendment would: wide. A 4/5 vote in the state limits, and where millage had - Require voter approval of Legislature is 88 out of 110 in been rolled back under the t any new tax, or any legislative the House and .31 out of .38 in 1982 "Truth in Taxation" law. change, in the base or rate of a the Senate. - Borrowing and interest costs state or local tax that would in- - Prohibit a local, non-resident for all governmental units could crease revenues. income tax of more than one- be expected to rise because of a - Repeal any tax increase half percent. This presently ap- greater repayment risk. passed since Dec. .31, 1981, plies only to Detroit and High- -Taxes on businesses are . l' unless such increases are ap- land Park. Hamtramck and Pon- more likely to be approved be- proved by the voters within 90 tiac have been authorized to go cause they can't vote. This days foHowing adoption of the to 1%• would further harm Michigan's amendment. The probable effect of these image and discourage new busi- - Require popular vote or a provisions include: nesses from locating in the 4/5 vote (80%) by a legislative -Voters would be going to the state. body to adopt any new fee, li- poHs quite often to determine -Twenty or more state tax cense user fee or permit; or for the taxes and other revenues to laws passed since January 1982 any change that would increase support state and local govern- would be subject to rollback the revenue from such sources ment. and require voter approval with- in state or local government. -State tax revenues would be in the 90 day period. These in- This would also be retroactive cut by $1 biHion to $1'.6 billion clude the income tax increase to Dec. .31, 1981. As with taxes, unless reinstated by statewide (which is already phasing out), there would be a 90-day period vote. cigarette and liquor taxes, for voter or legislative body ap- -Some local property tax proval. The state and some revenues would have to have (continued on page 28) 2,600 local governments, com- voter approval, such as where missions, etc., impose various RURAL LIVING, S~PT~MB~R 1984 9 Real Farm Women in the Age of Options By Wendy Elsey According to the farm editors from the slow cooker that calls of America, the Super Farm the men out of the field. My favorite farm women's Woman has a typical day which Aside from her farming cap- magazine runs a regular feature goes like this: rising at 4 a.m. abilities, the SFWnever gets entitled, "Why Farm Wives Age (before the alarm goes off) she mixed up at a parts counter, Fast." I can tell you what ages grabs a quick cup of coffee, and and is a regular quiz kid on farm wives fast - it's the stories heads immediately for the milk- commodities. Her congressman about us in the farming publi- ing parlor where she single- has remarked several times that cations. Give us a break! In re- handedly milks 150 cows. Back he can't believe how knowledge- cent years we've become hero- in the kitchen by 6 a.m., she able she is about the legislative ines of superhuman strength, whips up a terrific breakfast, process. Her church would and it's getting hard to live up tidies the kitchen, and is at probably fold without her. to the legends. work in the farrowing house by She makes her husband's 7:30 a.m. She has complete shirts because the manufac- charge of the 40-sow unit, tured ones don't fit as well. To but is in the kitchen repay the favor (although he at noon, ladling would much rather eat her out a tantalizing stew cooking) he takes her to a love- ly restaurant and neuer once says, "Why do I have to pay for atmosphere? We can't eat it!" On a hot, muggy day, she gets stray livestock in on the first try, and trots back out with the fence-mending gear. ''I'll get it, honey," she says. "I know you've got other things to do." Is it fair that this woman also slips into size seven blue jeans? What the farm magazines don't tell you is that although farm women have their "super" days, a lot of days are real losers. On those days, two cups of coffee don't deliver the usual "jump start," and the kids are abnormally healthy. The weather is gorgeous, and it's not really a busy time of year. This day of- fers a perfect opportunity to work in the garden, clean the kitchen cabinets, and wash the car. But the ambition factor is low today, so she reaches in- stead for one of her craft proj- ; ects. Illustrations by Andrea Hofmeister, Tuscola County 10 RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER J984 By the end of the day, she has the feeling that she hasn't ac- complished anything. On a "lazy" day like this, she has had ample Juggling Roles time to skim through a couple of magazines. After an article Requires Balance and about a Super Farm Woman, ., she gets a guilt complex. And yet, even a day like this Family Understanding has been productive. Lots of diaper changes, several phone By Marcia Dltchie When she's not seeing people calls made or received, three in therapy in her Alpena office meals prepared, and the finish- Wife, mother, farm partner, or the agency's satellite office in .ed craft project is ready for community leader, professional Tawas City, she is actively in- Christmas gift giving. The kids marriage/ divorce counselor ... volved in the farm operation were thrilled to have a mommy, for many women anyone of with her husband, Fred, and two who, for one day, never once these roles would be a full-time children, Timeen, 12, and Tyler, said, "Not now, I'm busy." responsibility, but for an Alpena 9. Farm publications aside, County woman juggling the "I take care of the calves all there is a certain excitement for demands of all these roles is a the time and help with breeding today's farm woman. It is the daily occurrence. and field work in addition to age of options. For about the past 15 years, milking when I'm needed to fill The farm woman of a century Carolynne Wegmeyer has been in. I like working on the farm ago married into the situation. dividing her time between these with my family and I love agri- She handmilked a few cows, kept responsibilities. She has been culture; that's the essence of a flock of chickens, and raJsed able to keep the demands of it," Carolynne said. "I would all the children her body could each of those roles in balance have a very hard time choosing manufacture. through commitment to her between the professional career Today's farm woman can usu- priorities. that I prepared for and my love ally decide how active she "I have a deep love for agri- for farming because that's a wants to be in the operation, culture. That's our business and way of life. It's just incor- and often has an interest off it's my life," said Carolynne, porated in me. the farm, too. On or off the who is a partner on the family's "I only work part-time for the farm, she may be a 4-H leader, 600 acre dairy farm near Her- agency because of that love for farm news editor, heavy equip- ron. She is also a counselor for agriculture and my family. I ment operator, radio broad- Community Family and Children have a real sense of value for caster, or veterinary assistant. Services in Alpena. my husband and two children She is emerging as a leader in and I believe that I need to be farm organizations, and agri- home," she said. "Farming pro- businesses are asking for her vides the opportunity for me to opinion when they design new products. Some farm women are in farming only by marriage and have little to do with the day to day chores. Some are vital part- ners with a husband, father or brother. And a few even dare to stand alone. Yes, it is exciting to be a farm woman in the age of options. Wendy Elsey and her hus- band, David, farm 700 acres in a family partnership in Cass County. She began writing for publication a year ago. "New perm, canning tomatoes, polishing floors and consulting with our stock broker. J take it the Farm Woman Monthly arrived today." RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 11 experience life with my family and that is a precious thing that is not measurable." Good Communications Important Being able to delicately balance the demands of work- ing on the farm and off are not as easy, though, for some farm couples, especially with the sociological changes which have occurred in agriculture during the last 20 years. One of the major factors affecting the complexion of rural society is the expanding roles that farm women are assuming in man- agement responsibilities on family farms. "I don't believe that women have to be the work horse on Fred and Carolynne Wegmeyer take time to talk on evening walks the farm in order to have a around tbe farm. According to Carolynne. good communication is tbe functional, well managed farm key to a good relationsblp. that is productive and a happy place to live," Carolynne said. "Farm women are needed now With these changing roles on both work and pleasure. Now we in personnel management the farm, problems do arise for have a lot of diversions for our- which is vitally important on some families. resulting in the selves and our children. When the farm. It's great that farm need for professional counsel- we make farming our total life women are now so versatile. I ing which brings many farm with no involvement in Farm think they could have been families into Carolynne's office. Bureau, our community or years ago, but there was that "The primary areas that get a church activities, we start to en- traditional model that we had to follow." farm marriage in trouble are counter some problems. We the lack of communications, need to associate with people the long hours involved in farm engaged in other professions.". work and couples not being able to jointly set priorities or The Superwoman Myth allowing themselves time to be Many farm women are now away from the farm together. assuming positions in the work "You may work with your force off the farm. This creates spouse all day and still not problems for some families, communicate," Carolynne said. Carolynne said, especially when "By communication I mean ac- the woman feels she needs to tually talking about your assume the tole of "super- thoughts and feelings. Some- woman" in order to fulfill her times that's very difficult. Fred responsibilities both on the and I go for walks in the even- farm and off. ings to talk about our feelings "When a farm wife feels that and frustrations. It's very im- she has to be a 'superwoman, portant for any couple to make it's probably because she thinks some time to be alone with her husband expects her to be. each other, particularly if they That situation needs to be have children. clarified as soon as she makes "Another problem arises when the decision to work off the "I would bave a bard time cboos. we make farming our total life. farm. She needs to know her Ing between tbe professional Farming is different than it was husband's expectations. There career tbat I prepared for and my 20 years ago when the farm was has to be understanding and love for farming because tbat's a all encompassing, providing way of IIfe," Carolynne said. 12 RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 allowance; allowing each other need to set some priorities when so many young farm to grow and develop and be together; have some common women work off the farm." who they are and working goals together relating to the Has working off the farm toward that goal. business and their personal created any problems for "One of the real causes of life," Carolynne said. "They Carolynne and her family? trouble is if the husband need to take time for each "Definitely not," she said, doesn't accept his wife working other to communicate their "but that's because of our and what the job entails, such thoughts and feelings. mutual respect. I respect Fred as traveL" she said. "If they "They also need to learn how when we're in our peak season have children, they have to to handle stress because agri- and he respects me. He knows agree on child care and who will culture is a very stressful busi- I'm counted on for appoint- assume her farm responsibili- ness. If you're going to worry ments that have been arranged ties while she is away. A lot of about things you have no con- four to five weeks in advance. times you're caught up in the trol over, such as the weather, He sees my work .as equally im- guilt of not being home. There it's going to cause problems portant. needs to be a mutual respect not only for you, but for the "However, during that peak for the contributions that each members of your family. season, because I know he's is making toward the success of "One of the things that's real- working so hard, I'll come home, the farm business and their own ly needed and I'd like to work change my clothes and go im- personal growth." on is to develop a seminar for mediately out to help him. He young farm couples. Even if a doesn't ask me to do that. In Make Time for Eacb Otber 'farm girl' is marrying a 'farm fact, he'll say, 'You look tired - What can farm couples do to boy,' there are pitfalls. I feel you've already put in your time. avoid these problems which in- very strongly that we only deal And 1']) say, 'No, this is where I creasingly result in the need for with issues when it's too late. I want to be,' and it really is." professional counseling? "They think we should do some pre- ventive work, especially today Age of Options Allows More Role Flexibility for Farm Couples By Cathy J. lHrvan community, serving on the She is former newsletter editor township board of review, Com- and has been active in the If she believed in the "Super munity Education Advisory Young Farmer group and FB Farm Wife" image, Stella Otto Committee, and Northwest Re- Women. could easily fit into that role. gion Resource Conservation De- But she doesn't. velopment Agriculture Commit- ., "The superwoman myth tee. She is also chairperson of bothers me," said Stella, who the Soil Conservation Dis- manages Sunnyview Orchards trict board, a member of in northeast Antrim County. "I the .American Association don't like the image that some of University Women and farm magazines have developed a candidate for township - that it takes such a super clerk. person to be a farm wife. It Her involvement in does take being a little or- Farm Bureau includes ganized. What they don't tell representing her Com- you is that when I sit around munity Action Group on doing craft projects, I don't the board and serving vacuum my floor. as Information Com- "You trade off having a house mittee chairperson. that goes in Better Homes and Gardens for sticking your craft projects up on the wall." Stella not only manages the , . lIS-acre orchard and does craft projects, she is active in her ''I've got the combine put together with only .3 nuts, 2 bolts and this chain left over." RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 13 "Because I manage bur farm, "We bought the farm in mid- "After that first year, when yet am involved in the kinds of August 1980 and had about two Francis was still w.orking things most other women are, weeks to get ready for the pear through apple harvest, we some figure there are a lot of harvest," Stella said. "The or- decided that there is no way things] can do that they can't," chard was deteriorating from one person can handle the she said. "The biggest limita- lack of care. The trees were be- farm. You've got to have some- tion is that person thinking ing sprayed occasionally and a body to run the market and they can't. It drives me nuts few apples were being picked, somebody to supervise the when I hear people say, '] can't but the trees hadn't been pickers." do that,''' pruned in over 10 years. Francis is now cherry orchard That positive "can do" at- "We didn't even look at alter- manager for an East Jordan titude helped Stella and her natives that year - the crop canning firm and works a cer- husband, Francis, purchase their own farm a few years after graduating with degrees in hor- ticulture from Michigan State University. Since neither had a strong agricultural background, that was difficult but not im- possible. Stella was raised in a suburb of Boston, Mass. Originally she wanted to be a veterinarian but was also interested in horticul- ture. MSUwas one of the schools that was strong in both areas. Francis grew up near Niles, Mich. His father sold ag chemicals and he sometimes helped out with field plots and testing chemicals. They had a few fruit trees and renteti most of the 40 acres for cash crops. A Dream Come True "Neither of us had a farm to inherit or to move back to so Checking the fly traps in the apple orchard is a daily chore for Stella we knew if we wanted one we Otto, who manages the home farm while her husband works as a cherry orchard manager for a local canning firm. were going to have to buy it," Stella said. "The only way we could do that was to work for a while at other orchards and was big and the fruit was small. tain number of hours per year then buy a place that had some Francis had done an internship for his salary. He works full- trees in production but which at Gerber's one summer. They time through cherry harvest was basically undeveloped so agreed to take our pears so and is off from the middle of that we could put in the plan that's where they went in a real August through their apple the way we wanted." big hurry. harvest. In the winter, he helps After gaining experience at "The apples that year were with pruning their trees before Hilltop Orchards & Nursery in really scabby and we sent al- it's time to prune the cherry Hartford, the couple moved to most all of them off for juice. trees. Cherry-Ke orchards in Kewadin We sorted out a few and sold Stella continues as manager and started looking for a farm them at the farm because the of their farm, responsible for of their own. When they found previous owner ha~ always the spraying and planting pro- it, Francis continued to work as done that so people were look- grams, hiring pickers, market- an orchard Inanager at Cherry- ing for it. Since we wanted to go ing fruit, and running the farm Ke and Stella took charge of into the retail end of marketing market which is expanding their farm. we continued the practice even every year. though the fruit wasn't the (continued on page 28) quality we would have liked. 14 RURAL LlVINO, SEPTEMBER 1984 FRONT & CENTER . The Aug. 7 primary election brought successful campaigns for 75 of the 77 "Friends of Agriculture." The number includes 68 of the 69 incumbent legislators endorsed by MFB's AgriPac. The political action committee members are scheduled to meet Sept. 11 in Lansing to review AgriPac's November election endorsements. AgriPac members will also review candidates for statewide positions on the Michigan Supreme Court, and university boards of trustees and regents. An AgriPac endorsement was announced Aug. 3 for Branch County farmer and former MDADirector Dean Pridgeon, who is a candidate for the MSUBoard of Trustees. Tom Reed of Clinton County is currently the only person with an agricultural background on the MSU board. Reed was elected to the post in 1980. Following an announcement by MSUTrustee Bobby Crim that he will resign his post, MFB sent a message to the governor urging him to consider an appointee for the re- mainder of Crim's term who has an agricultural background and an understanding of the state's agricultural industry. The public policy debate over the 1985 farm bill is increasing. Here in Michigan, policy alternative meetings, sponsored by MFB and county FBs, were held in three locations during August. USDASecretary John Block was also in Michigan during August to discuss this key agricultural topic. Block was the featured speaker at a breakfast meeting of farm and agribusiness people in Lansing Aug. 30. The Michigan State Police's Operation HEMPis off to a fast start. Results of the ef- fort to Help Eliminate Marijuana Planting were seen in the first week of the program which began July 24. Operating bn tips from the public, State Police and other law enforcement agen- cies pulled up 14,922 plants in 21 separate plots, seized one weapon, and arrested seven peo- ple. Plots were found in remote wooded areas, a backyard and a cleared poplar stand. State Police ask the public to report their suspicions of marijuana plants growing in their area by calling the toll free hotline 1-800-235-HEMP. The Michigan Society of Planning Officials' annual conference is scheduled for Oct. 11-13 at Lake Superior State College in Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and the Ramada Inn in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. The conference theme is "The H20 Edge: The Wise Use of Our Freshwater Resources." Sessions will also focus on comparative planning/ zoning in Ontario and Michigan. For a free conference program and registration information, write MSPO,P.O. Box 18187, Lan- sing, Mich. 48901, or call 517-484-3333. Members of the 1984 MFBPolicy Development Committee held their first session in Lansing on Aug. 10. The 20-member committee includes (by district): William White, Jones; Steve Videto, Spring Arbor; Mike Hartman, Webberville; Earl Benedict, Saranac; Robert Harms, Vermontville; Robert Young, North Branch; Herman DeRuiter, Hart; Richard Leach Jr., Saginaw; James Maitland, Williamsburg; Norman Veliquette, Kewadin; and Robert Wahmoff, Baraga. Representing the FB Young Farmers on the committee are Jim Licht, Pigeon; Doug Darling, Maybee; and Gary Skinner, Ithaca. Representing FB Women are Catherine Knoerr, Sandusky; Eleanor Krafft, Frankenmuth; and Charleen Thompson, Freeport. At large members from the MFB board are Jack Laurie, Cass City; Michael Pridgeon, Montgomery; and David Conklin, Corunna. Eric Bailey of Breckenridge is the new chairperson of the Michigan Bean Commis- sion. Bailey, an active Gratiot County FB member, replaces LeRoy Schluckebier of Franken- muth who completed his second term as chairperson. Schluckebier remains on the commission as a representative of Tuscola County growers. John Tanton of Deckerville succeeds Bailey as vice chairperson of the commission. Shipper representative James Ostrowski, vice president of Valley Marketing Cooperative, Inc., succeeds Larry Sprague of Northern States Bean Co., as commission treasurer. Other members of the commission are Carl DeGeus of St. Charles, Bill Renn of Pigeon and Calvin Marsh of Edenville, all grower representatives, and Bob Turner of Bush Brothers and Co., canner representative. RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 15 rates and stabilize them. Can to cut the size of government, farmers sustain 22% interest which he has done. Congress rates twice in five years or even has increased taxes .30% over twice in a lifetime? We are very the last four years. The latest ef- fort called IItax reforms or ll concerned about this issue and you should be too. IIdown payments on the deficit" We have farmed 23 years and is nothing more than a tax in- have been loyal and active Farm crease in disguise. Bureau members that long. We Because the financial com- are aware of the many things munity expects taxes to go Farm Bureau has accomplished higher and inflation to rise, in- for farmers. We feel our organi- terest rates are and will remain zation must use all of its in- high. They will decline only fluence on the president. when people have full confi- The Federal Reserve should dence that Congress means not be able to control U.S. and business in cutting government world economies. There is too spending. much power in Volcker's hands. 'In this November's election, Farmers can and always have taxpayers will have the oppor- coped with the weather, live- tunity to elect people who sup- RURAL RASCALS - Tberesa, stock and grain markets, em- port reduction in the size and 2, was one of tbe youngest mem- bargoes and boycotts. Must we spending of government, and bers attending tbe Bay County now have to cope with extreme- therefore lower interest rates. All Farm Bureau annual meeting ... and no doubttbe cbarmer of ly high interest rates? FB members should find out tbe buncb. Sbe's being beld by Please help before we are where each political candidate Jean Jenk.lns, ber grandmotber. even less than 3% of the popu- stands in three key polley areas: lation. taxes and spending, the farm Out of Sight Interest Rates program and environmental is- John & Linda Oswalt, Vicksburg sues, and then vote accordingly. Has Farm Bureau lost its Kalamazoo County voice? We might all wonder what The high cost of interest is a it is doing to pressure President crucial question today in most Share your thoughts/ Send to: Reagan to convince his ap- every farmer's mind. It is doubt- Rural Living, P.O. Box 30960, pointee, Federal Reserve chief ful that President Reagan can do Lansing, Mich. 48909. Paul Volcker, to lower interest much except to urge Congress FARMERS OF THE WEEK' The Farmer of the Week program, co- township officer, past vice president of the MFB Policy Development Committee; sponsored by Farm Bureau Insurance the Ingham County FB board, past Is treasurer of the county Growth Com- Group and the Michigan Farm Radio church trustee, a board member of the mission; Is a member of Peace Lutheran Network, honors farmers for their con- leslie Co-op, served seven years as an Church, the church choir, and the Mis- tributions to the community and the ag officer on the Ingham Fair board, and sionary League; Is a past president and Industry. Five farmers were honored In serves on school committees. treasurer of the Jaycee Auxiliary; has July 1984: been a 4-H leader for 15 years; Is a past July 16 - Ted Jobnson, 41, Is a Girl Scout leader; Is a member of the maple syrup producer from Toivola and July 2 - David Colton, .39, of Lan- Sanilac Bean Growers and the Sugar also raises a herd of buffalo. Johnson, sing operates a 1,500-acre cash crop Beet Growers; and she and her husband who taps 10,000 maple trees, Is on the farm. He Is a Clinton County FB board were named the Outstanding Sugar Beet Michigan Maple Syrup Association . member, an MFB Field Crops Advisory Growers couple In 1984. board, Is a member of the American Committee member, served on his and national buffalo associations, Is a July 30 - Fred Williams, 40, of church board, Is a past president of the member of the Copper Country FB and Onaway, raises cash crops and sheep Wacousta Jaycees and past master of serves on the FB Policy Development on 600 acres. He serves as a 4-H leader the local Masonic Lodge, a Michigan Committee, Is active In the Knights of In three counties: Cheboygan, Presque Corn Growers Association member and Columbus, Is a volunteer fire fighter, Isle, and Montmorency; Is on the 4-H earned third place In the state In the and earned the Outstanding Forestry livestock developmental committee; Is a Michigan no-till crop competition. Award from the Soil Conservation member of the Cheboygan County FB, July 9 - Rlcbard Cbeney, 49, a cat- District In 1984. the Michigan Crop Improvement Associ- tle and hog farmer from Mason, farms ation, and St. Paul Catholic Church. He July 23 - Catberlne Knoerr, 42, of 840 acres. He Is secretary of the Ing- has been recognized by the Michigan Sandusky runs a 1, 100-acre cash crop ham County 5011 Conservation board, a Farmer for his fertilizing experiments farm with her husband. She Is president with his bean crop. of the Sanilac County FB and serves on 16 RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 . Bay County FB Celebrates 50 Years By John Sorstokke people have remained vital, growing and Over 250 Farm Bureau mem- dedicated people. bers and guests gathered in Bay ''I've seen members County Aug. 5 to commemorate loan their Farm Bureau the past and plan for the future. money to build an office "The meeting was a celebra- because they felt mem- tion of the 50 years Bay County bers would be better Farm Bureau has been in the served. This is true dedi- Michigan Farm Bureau," said cation to an ideal," Smith said. County President Bruce Shurlow. But, he said, an organiza- "Past presidents and secretar- tion can't rest on past suc- ies were recognized for their cesses. "It's nice to say thank contributions," he said, "and you. Contributors deserve the coun'ty FB was presented that. However, it's even better, with plaques and commemora- more crucial, to rededicate tive awards from several state ourselves to a strong organi- and local groups." zation that will meet the MFB President Elton R. Smith needs of farmers." congratulated the county FB Influencing legislation is members and reminded them one way to meet farmers' that FB was founded to help needs. State Sen. James farmers solve their problems. Barcia praised the Bay "People saw a need. The peo- County group for its ple who founded this organiza- strong activism. tion were people with vision, "The annual legislative who got other people to see luncheon gives us a chance their needs and to recognize to sit down with Farm Bureau that organization was part of members and discuss issues of TOP: MPBDistrict Director Lyle solving their problems," he importance in a very casual LeCronler and Bay County PB Presi- said. and relaxed way," Barcia said. dent Bruce Shul'low accept a plaque "Sociologists tell us that ''I'm proud that each year Bay honoring the organization from organizations have life cycles County has sent a strong dele- Sen. James Barcia (far left) and gation. Without that kind of in- Rep. Thomas IIlckner (far right). Just as people do. They say the put and communication, we CErtTER: Barbecuelng 360 chicken average age at which most or- halves Is no easy task. Volunteers ganizations cease is under .30." would not be able to make in- from the St. John's Lutheran Smith emphasized that people telligent decisions on your be- Church Athletic Association take are the key to Farm Bureau's half." turns at the task. success. "This organization has State Rep. Thomas Hickner BOlTOM: County Secretary Shirley existed because its members echoed Barcia's praise. Wegener (left) and .Julie Shindler wanted it to: .. Farm Bureau were two of the people registering (continued on page 29) members as they arrived. RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 17 FB Members Take Long-term View of Farm Program .Policies "What should our Farm Bill Smith urged the farmers to "How these issues are viewed '85 policy be? It's up to you!" "look beyond their own com- by farmers and Congress can That was the challenge issued modity doorsteps" during their result in a new farm program by MFB President/ AFBF Vice consideration of what Farm Bu- much different than we have to- President Elton R. Smith to over reau's policy on the new farm day," he said. LOOO farmers who participated bill should be. Participants spent the morn- in three "Farm Bill '85 Policy "The interrelationship among ing considering the economics Alternatives" meetings Aug. 15, commodities must be recog- of key Farm Bill '85 issues with nized," he said. "A change in the support price or land retire- ment program for feed grains can have an impact on the live- stock and dairy sectors. Changes in the dairy program can have an impact on the livestock and feed grain sec- tors. A long-term land retire- ment program can result in an increase in the production of perennial crops, such as fruit. "How well we, as farmers, are willing to look beyond our own commodity doorstep and to what degree Congress is willing to consider the interrelationship ; ----- . of our commodities will be im- portant." Changes in the farm program are very likely, Smith predicted. "The $18 billion cost of the 1983 farm program will prob- John Uosemann Elton R. Smith l'If'8 President ably be unacceptable again in Af'BF Senior Economist view of the large federal deficit. There is growing concern about 16 &. 17. Smith said that our declining exports. The issue the help of AFBFSenior Econo- because the new farm bill Con- of soil erosion is drawing in- mist John Hosemann. During gress will enact next year is so creased attention. There is talk the afternoon session, work- important to the future of about including national mar- shop group discussions focused agriculture, meetings in Gray- keting and bargaining provi- on price supports and target ling, Grand Rapids and Franken- sions in Farm Bill '85. prices, farm program alterna- muth were scheduled to replace tives ranging from a totally free the statewide policy develop- market to a totally controlled ment conference held each year in Lansing. 18 RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 market and how farmers would fare under each, and the poli- tics of writing and enacting farm Bill '85. Reports from the three workshops were presented during a general session. Grassroots Input Will Shape National Policy President Smith summed up the "farm Bill '85 Policy Alter- natives" meetings as "only the beginning" and challenged all participants to use the knowl- edge they gained to develop policy recommendations. "I challenge you to develop the type of farm Bill '85 policy recommendation that will best serve agriculture for the rest of this century," he told the farmers. "Develop the type of policy recommendation that is based on sound economics and that' a majority of Farm Bureau President Smith urged farmers to "Iook members in your county will support." beyond their own commodity doorsteps" Smith said that at least 10 during consideration of Farm Bureau's minutes of discussion by mem- bers at each county fB annual farm bill policy. meeting should be devoted to the farm Bill '85 policy recom- mendation. "The policy recommendations that come from county Farm Bureaus all over this nation will be the basis for the official na- tional policy on farm Bill '85. The official policy will not be decided by an executive com- mittee or a board of directors sitting in a room somewhere by themselves. The policy will be based on input from members like yourselves throughout America. "Once it is adopted by dele- gates at the AfBF convention in January 1985, your farm Bureau organization will ag- gressively work to have it reflected in the new Farm Bill '85 to be enacted by Congress," he said. "What should our policy be? It's up to you!" RURAL LIVING, SE:PTE:MBE:R 1984 19 Good Ideas Get Better When They're Shared 1984 County Annual Meeting Dates Alcona Oct. 22 Arenac Oct. 8 Livingston Oct. 2.3 Allegan Oct. 11 Barry • Mac-Luce Oct. 2 Alpena Oct. 11 Bay Aug. 5 Macomb Oct. 4 Antrim Oct. 8 Benzie Oct. 15 Manistee Oct. 22 Berrien Oct. 24 Mason Oct. 2 Branch Sept. 17 Mecosta Oct. 1 Calhoun Oct. 2 Menominee Oct. 11 Cass Nov. 6 Midland Sept. 11 Charlevoix Oct. 3 Missaukee • Cheboygan Oct. 16 Monroe Sept. 11 Chippewa Oct. 1 Montcalm Oct. 24 Clare Oct. 18 Montmorency Clinton Sept. 18 Muskegon Oct. 20 .Copper Country Oct. 10 Newaygo Oct. 11 Eaton Oct. 13 NW Michigan Oct. 10 Emmet Sept. 28 Oakland Oct. 11 Genesee Oct. 26 Oceana Oct. 22 Gladwin Oct. 2 Ogemaw Oct. 25 Gratiot Aug. 24 Osceola Oct. 16 Hiawathaland Oct. 12 Otsego • Hillsdale Oct. 15 Ottawa Oct. 9 Huron Sept. 27 Presque Isle Oct. 2 Ingham Oct. 17 Saginaw Oct. 4 Ionia Oct. 1 St. Clair Sept. 25 losco Oct. 18 St. Joseph Oct. 27 Iron Range Sanilac Oct . .3 Isabella Oct. 17 Shiawassee Oct. 6 Jackson Sept. 27 Tuscola Sept. 22 Kalamazoo Oct. 2.3 Van Buren Oct. 25 Kalkaska Oct. 9 Washtenaw Sept. 27 Kent Sept. 25 Wayne Oct. 9 Lapeer Oct. 4 Wexford Oct. 9 Lenawee Sept. 17 •Date not set at press time. Attend your County Annual Meeting Contact the County FB Secretary for Details 20 RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 Leasing Beats Buying for Michigan Dairy Farmer Wayne Bancroft, a dairy farm- He talked to his PCA about "The shifting character of U.S. er in northwest Michigan, is another loan and, through his agricultural operations has leasing two silos because, quite Harvestore dealer, also got in created conditions more favor- simply, it is cheaper than bor- touch with Agristor Leasing able for leasing," said Michael rowing funds to purchase the Corporation, the captive leasing Fleming, president of the Ameri- structures. subsidiary of A.D. Smith Corpo- can Association of Equipment The Bancrofts milk 136 regis- ration, manufacturer of Harves- Lessors. "Increasing competi- tered and grade Holsteins and tore silos. He took two sets of tion and rising costs of produc- own 500 acres near Buckley. numbers to his accountant. tion make leasing an attractive They lease another 400 acres. "I had my accountant run the way to finance the growing The land consists of two farms numbers both ways," Wayne need for newer and more pro- about a mile apart: one Wayne's said. "It turned out it was ductive equip.ment." dad bought in 1936, the other cheaper to lease than to borrow Figures are hard to come by, he bought himself in 1980. - about four points cheaper." but according to a study by There were already four Har- With all the capital investing he Brimmer and Company, Inc., a vestore silos on the home farm, had done in recent years, he Washington-based economic for storing hay and shelled already had all the tax credits consulting firm, farm outlays corn, when Wayne expanded to and depreciation deductions he for leasing and renting equip- the second farm and added 64 needed. "The leasing company ment rose from $125.2 million milkers. He decided he needed took the tax breaks and gave in 1975 to $409.4 million in two more of those big, blue me a low rate," he said. 1981, an annual gain of 22%. Harvestore silos. The original Wayne Bancroft is only one of There are many reasons for this four silos had been financed many American farmers who increase. through his local PCA, but he have turned to leasing farm For one thing, farms are get- wasn't sure how he wanted to machinery and equipment as an ting fewer and bigger. In pay for the two new ones, which attractive alternative to owner- today's capital intensive agri- cost $135,000. ship. culture, the owner-operator RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 21 must be more sophisticated about a lot of things, including finance, and use every financing tool he or she can command. Also, depressed income levels in recent years - and rising off- sets for interest costs, deprecia- tion and investment credits - have reduced income taxes for many farmers and eliminated tax liability altogether for some. Thus the tax incentives that come with ownership are of lit- tle or no use to an increasing number of farmers. Meanwhile, Congress has made it easier for business people, particularly farmers, to get the benefit of those tax incentives, indirectly, through leasing. Wbat Is a Lease'? !'Iany farm equipment manufacturers. sucb as Ford Tractor Co. In Troy, !'Ilcb•• offer leasing programs tbrougb tbelr dealers. Some farmers confuse leasing with renting. A lease is a con- tract through which the owner of a piece of equipment or other tive" leasing companies to help tain weather - all their lives. asset makes it available for finance sales of their products. But to farmers, the uncertainty someone else to use, for a set During the 1960s, to encourage about what it would eventually length of time at a set rate. In business to modernize and ex- cost them to own their equip- the end, the user usually has pand, Congress created the in- ment was one uncertainty too the choice of renewing the vestment tax credit and ac- many. It made them shy about lease, buying the equipment or celerated depreciation. This leasing, even when the lease returning it to the leasing com- gave rise to tax-oriented leas- payments were lower than the pany. ing. loan payments. Renting is usually for a much Many would-be equipment In 1981, Congress attempted shorter period of time - a few users aren't profitable enough to remove the uncertainty by days or a few weeks - while to make use of the tax incen- permitting farmers and leasing farm equipment leases are typi- tives Congress has provided for companies to agree, at the cally written for five years or equipment ownership, so cap- start, how much the farmer more. Rental contracts contain tives, I.e., dealers, banks and would pay for the equipment at no purchase option. other leasing companies, buy the end of the lease. Currently, Most leases require the equip- the equipment themselves and a farmer is allowed to lease ment user to handle insurance lease it to users. As owners, equipment, up to $150,000 a and maintenance, while rental leasing companies take the tax year, with an option to pur- agreements usually provide incentives for themselves and chase the equipment at any that the rental company will pass most of the benefits along fixed-in-advance price, so long look after these details. to equipment users in the form as it's at least 10% of the These additional services, of lower lease payments. original cost. The fixed-price along with its shorter time Prior to 1981, if an equipment purchase option has provided a period, usually make renting user wanted the benefits of a real shot in the arm to the leas- more expensive per day than lease and also wanted to buy ing of farm equipment. leasing. the equipment at the end of the lease, he had to pay fair market Decision: Lease or Buy'? Modern leasing began after World War II, when equipment value. That might have been How do you decide whether to makers set up their own "cap- high, it might have been low - lease or buy your next tractor? no one could tell in advance. (continued on page .30) Farmers live with uncertainty - uncertain markets and uncer- 22 RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 Join alumni and friends of agriculture and natural r"\ resources / ~.' lif '& AUTUMNFEST '84 Featuring: MSU vs Ohio State game. Pregame feast of fine Michigan foods served from 9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. at Jenison Fieldhouse. Be there for the biggest tailgate party on campus! -------------------------------------------------- AUTUM"FEST '84 TICKET APPLICATION - Saturday, October 20 No. Price Total Football / Brunch Package $20.00 Name (limit two per order) each ANR Superbrunch $8.00 Address (unlimited number) each Handling Charge $1.00 (City) (State) (Zip) TOTAL REMITTANCE Make checks payable to Michigan State University. Mail If we cannot fill your football order, do you still your reservations to: Bob LaPrad, 121 Agriculture Hall, MSU, East Lansing, Mich. 48824. Your tickets will be mailed. want brunch tickets? DYes DNo AGRINOMIC UPDATE Agricultural Marketing and Bargaining The U.S. Supreme Court has had voluntarily joined a market- izations realized that legislation ruled that a portion of the Mich- ing association. The main fea- was needed to establish bar- igan Agricultural Marketing and tures of the act prohibited a gaining procedures with han- Bargaining Act (P.A. .344 as handler (including an associa- dlers. Since the late 1960s, amended) is pre-empted by the tion) from interfering in the several attem pts have been federal Agricultural Fair Prac- right of a producer to join or made to pass some type of na- tices Act (AFPA)of 1967. In its not to join an association or tional farm bargaining legisla- decision, the court found that refusing to deal with a producer tion. Each of these efforts has the exclusive agency concept of because they had joined an as- been unsuccessful because of P.A. .344 was in direct conflict sociation. Enforcement pro-. adamant opposition by han- with the AFPA, and for this cedures and penalties were also dlers. reason, accredited bargaining contained in the act. The act At the same time, many states associations operating under did not require handlers to considered the enactment of P.A. .344 in Michigan will not recognize or deal with an asso- farm bargaining laws at the represent non-members in the ciation of producers, nor did it state level. With strong support future. prevent them from choosing from Michigan Farm Bureau, During the early to mid-1960s, which producers they purchase P.A. .344 was enacted in 1972. farmers and ranchers began to from. P.A. .344 is considered the land- see the need to strengthen their The AFPA was an important mark agricultural bargaining bargaining position with han- first step in protecting pro- legislation. dlers of commodities. This need ducers who voluntarily joined a P.A. .344 established proce- was created by the wider use of bargaining cooperative. How- dures to allow producers who marketing contracts and the ever, producers and their organ- have organized into accredited concentration of power in the associations to bargain in good hands of fewer and larger han- faith with first handlers. The act dlers of commodities. To enhance their bargaining strength, farmers formed mar- keting cooperatives. These early attempts to organize and bar- gain often met with failure be- cause buyers were unwilling to deal with such organizations and actually discriminated against members of the bar- gaining cooperatives. It became obvious that farm- ers needed some type of legisla- tion to assist and protect them as they formed bargaining co- operatives. After considerable debate and controversy, the Ag- ricultural Fair Practices Act of 1967 was enacted. This legisla- tion was strongly supported by the American Farm Bureau. The act identified unfair trade practices covering han- dlers and associations in their dealings with producers who Marketing and bargaining legislation at the national level is among the multi-commodity issues that will be reviewed by members of MFB's Policy Development Committee, which held its first meeting Aug. 10. 24 RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 applies only to perishable fruits from non-members for that bar- riculture. Policy strongly sup- and vegetables. To date, five gaining representation. All ports the enactment of bargain- commodities have been accred- other provisions still stand, in- ing legislation at the federal ited to operate under P.A. 344. cluding provisions for associa- and state level. Current policy In each case, the accredited tion accreditation, the require- supports the majority rule-ex- association has been the Michi- ment for processors to negoti- clusive agency concept. gan Agricultural Cooperative ate in good faith with accred- Marketing Association (MACMA), ited associations and the arbi- Questions for a Farm Bureau affiliate company. tration provision. Policy Consideration The exclusive agency con- MACMA is accredited for as- -Should the AFPA be amended cept, collective bargaining, and paragus, processing apples and to strike out the areas in con- binding arbitration procedures kraut cabbage. Growers with flict with P.A. 344 or should are the most important features 70% of the state's production the AFPA be repealed entirely? of the act. The exclusive agency in asparagus and processing - How can we help gain the concept in ~.A. 344 is quite im- apples and 100% of the kraut passage of farm bargaining portant. Any producer who is in cabbage production are already legislation in other states or the defined bargaining unit members of MACMA. at the federal level? must sell their designated prod- -Should procedures to strength- uct through the accredited Current f'B Policy en the legal basis for agricul- association and pay a market- Long-standing Farm Bureau tural bargaining be included ing fee to the association. policy has supported a market in Farm Bill '85? Therefore, association members oriented agriculture with and non-members are bound by limited government involve- the contract negotiated by the ment. Strengthening farmers' Agrinomic Update is prepared association. bargaining power through mar- monthly by MFB's Commodity Almost immediately upon its keting and bargaining legisla- Activities & Research Depart- use, opponents of P.A. 344 tion can be a means to lessen ment. challenged the act in the court government involvement in ag- system. The case proceeded to the U.S. Supreme Court where a portion of the act was found to Gain A Year - PLANT NOW be in violation of the AFPA. This decision was based on the argu- OWEN'S "GIANT SIZE" ment that the Michigan act may coerce a producer to enter into or maintain a marketing con- STRAWBERRIES J ~ cj tract with an association, binds " , them to a marketing contract and forces the producer to pay a fee to the association. This was found to be in direct con- flict with the AFPA in regard to the producer's free choice. This does not mean, however, that the state's fruit and veg- etable growers have lost their right to bargain for a fair mar- Thousand. of Giant Berrie. ket price for their commodities. Most amazing strawberry! NOW READY! Owen's miracle "aUINAUL T" Everbearing The Supreme Court decision did Strawberry! They are enormous producers. Plant Now For Crops Comi .. Spri.. ! Last Chance! They withstand adverse growing conditions. Mail Coupon! Order Now! not strike down P.A. 344 entire- Magnificent flavor! Big, firm, sweet, extra If you plant these now, you'll have berries in the Spri ... juicy, red! . ly - only a limited portion of it Our Flne.t Grade Plant. MAIL COUPON NOW - and MFB's marketing affili- Official! Largest No. 1 size - the best and big- I gest grade. Strong, well developed crowns I RICHARD OWEN NURSERY, Dept. 4107-52 ate, MACMA, will continue repre- and roots withstand severe winter conditions. I 905 Four s.uon. Roed, Bloomington, IIUnoia 81701 I PIeaaa send my "OuInauIr Stmwbeny plants ~teed _ senting its members in negotia- ea.y To Growl Winter. Hardy I I.tated above. Satl.factlon Guaranteed tions with processors. Notify us within one year of receipt of order if :0 Check or Money Order encIoeed. Or charge my account wlth 10 BankAmel1card 0 Master Chqe The only portion of the law af- any plants do not live, just RETURN THE SHIPPING LABEL ONLY for a free replace- I Specify Acct. , .fected by the court's decision is ment or purchase price refund, your choice. I N6607 Elpir.tion Date We guarantee plants to be vigorous, healthy, I 025 for 53.95 NAMF that accredited associations will and first class in every way. The WARRANTY : 050 for 56.95 ADDRESS IS VOID UNLESS THE SHIPPING LABEL IS 0100 for 511.95 CITY no longer represent non-mem- RETURNED. : []25O for 524.95 STATE- ZIP__ bers in negotiations with proc- Richard Owen Nursery I Add 10% poa~ng (70' minimum). I Bloomington, IL 61701 I Illinois State Residents add 6" S111esTal. : essors and will not receive a fee -------------------------------- RURAL LIVING, SePTeMBeR 1984 25 The Discussion Topic Is used by Community Ac- tion Groups for monthly polley discussions. The United States has been a the dollar has appreciated on trading country since colonial the average of 50% from 1980 days. We have helped satisfy to 1984. This means that the the needs of the world and have products from the United States prospered in doing so. are now 50% more costly in We have always had a trade terms of foreign currency than surplus, i.e., sold more than we in 1980. History is filled with protec- bought until the 1970s, when Another factor affecting the tionist acts. Kings surrounded the oil embargo placed us in a purchase of American products their castles with moats to keep deficit position. Last year our is the fact that developing out enemies. The Chinese built trade deficit reached $75 billion countries are heavily in debt. "The Great Wall" to keep out in- and is expected to reach $100 During the 1970s, foreign coun- truders. Governments print billion in 1984. tries bought on credit because money on special paper with This position has been caused they believed that inflation great precautions to protect its by two factors. First, purchases would continue and they would value. But castles were con- of foreign products by U.S. con- be paying off their debt with quered, China was opened to sumers has been increasing. cheaper money. This has not foreigners, and counterfeiters Second, sales of U.S. products been the case and with inflation have succeeded for a long time. as a percent of world trade have slowing, many countries now The desire to protect what we been decreasing. TQday voices find it is all they can do to pay have seems to be a basic human are being raised to stop imports the interest on their debt characteristic. This includes of both industrial and agricul- without purchasing more prod- life, our material possessions, tural goods into this country. ucts. and our livelihood. One of the widespread beliefs Closely tied to that factor are Equally strong is the desire is that our industries can no the effects of a worldwide reces- for more satisfaction, whether it longer compete against more sion which has depressed the be in the form of more money, efficient Japanese firms. There money supply. There has not a higher standard of living, or is worry that domestic pro- been money available to pur- greater influence. Unfortunate- ducers are being victimized by chase goods. As the American ly, conflict often arises as we unfair competition from low economy has been strengthen- try to satisfy the desire for wage producers in developing ing, other economies in other more and the desire to protect. countries and subsidized prod- countries have been strengthen- Broadening this concept to ucts of European and other for- ing also, but at a much slower world trade is an easy step. eign enterprises. There is an rate. Trade takes place because one element of truth in this matter, Trade will expand as all econ- area produces a product that but other factors greatly in- omies strengthen, however, someone else wants. When trade fluence our trade position. trade expansion may not be takes place, satisfaction results First, the strength of the equitable. Historical suppliers for both parties. Inevitably a dollar in foreign exchanges in may be replaced by new pro- third party decides that it can the past few years has in- ducers. In the process, current produce the product and com- creased dramatically. In com- producers will ask for protec- pete with the original producer. parison to the currencies of the tion. At this point, calls for protec- 10 major industrial countries, The usual forms of trade pro- tionist acts start to rise. tection are import quotas, 26 RURAL LIVING, SEPTEMBER 1984 duties, consumer taxes, and protectionist activities. If the outright embargoes. Some are United States prevents foreign more subtle. These include ex- products from entering this ~eatit:)~~j, port subsidies, transportation country, then those trading subsidies, credit subsidies, and direct subsidies to producers. countries will retaliate by look- ing elsewhere for their needs. .5iJ¥" .!lZ, 6i"'": ~"c e -,