' 5'

 

 

’FIHIE IFIIQICISEIHI©2>LD===§mppferment.

DETROIT, MARCH 4,1884.

 

 

HOME IN THE WINTER—TIDE.

 

A cold, bleak light fills the Western sky.
The whistling winds run swift with the blast,
The setting sun spreads a sombre glow
Through the shadows gray that are gathering
fast.

And Nature roars in her sullen mood, .
And the leaves that. ”round us scattered lay,
Remind us sadly of pleasures gone
And the idle delights of the summer‘s day.

It is then that swelling in the soul
An impulse clear and free we feel—
A gentle warmth, a kindly glow—
Life‘s tasks to do with a uobler zeal.

As the frost king smites old mother earth,
We hasten home in the eventide,
Content with the labors of the day,
Our thoughts are fixed on the bright fireside.

At that shrine of love so pure and warm,
. Forgetting the cold and the gloom of the night,
in those sunny eyes: and those prattling tongues,
This indeed is the season of true home‘s dev
light.

Life’s picture in brighter hues seems drawn,
And plans for the future we eagerly lay,

Or in the glorious realm of books:
With the hard and sage pass the hours away.

Oh, tell me not of the summer‘s joys,

Not alone with the joys of spring can I hide,
But give me the calm and joyous peace

Of our humble home in the winter-tide.

 

THAT ECONOMICAL QUESTION.

This question of economy is an inter-
esting one to me. E. L. Nye asserts it to
be “the right hand of every earthly good.”
That depends entirely upon the construc-
tion of the term; we should have to agree
first upon a definition. Lexicographers
make nice distinctions between economy,

; brightens and beautifies life, till one feels
: the truth of the Persian proverb:
' ever sacrifice our desires instead of grati-

; marks upon the better use of fortune

true.
founding the Institute which bears his
5 name.

i what we call the extravagances of the

Cooper Institute’s

‘ without pictures, music,
frugality and parsimony, yet those in g quaint and beautiful designs of buildings,

 

from them; and this not a selfish good
alone, for ourselves only, but also taking 9
into the account the rights and privileges ‘
of others. But to most, the word means ;
self-sacrifice and self-denial; the going 7
without every coveted enjoyment and in- g
dulgence. Pleasures are curtailed for the i
sake of “ saving,” and the word serves as

an excuse for doing without all that 5

((To

fying them is like cutting off the feet to
save the shoes.”

E. L. Nye, in her letter of Jan. 15th, re~

made by Peter Cooper, in the endowment
of Cooper Institute, than by Vanderbilt
in building a palace for his personal use,
and spending thousands in entertaining 2
his friends for a single evening. Very
Peter Cooper did a noble deed in

There the struggling student is
helped to the instruction he needs; there
the designer’s hand learns its cunning,
and the artist is furnished the models he
must have. But these students. when
their education is finished, must find a
use for it, or it is valueless as a meats of
support. And a very large share of the
talent which Cooper Institute develops
and educates, finds its opportunity in

rich. Permit me to emphasize this point.
educational work ,
ministers largely ,to what'are, in an
economical view, the superfluities, non- j
essentials, of life. Economy can get on 5
statuary, the

whose months the word economy is heard { draperies, paper-hangings, carpets, jew- :

oftenest, not infrequently try to make
downright stinginess pass as justifiable
economy. I might instance, right here,
the case of a young man of my ac-
quaintance who, though in receipt of a

that he may put a certain sum in the

on the virtue of economy have turned a
happy, bright—faced bride, into atimid,
sad-eyed, dispirited wife of but two years”
standing. Icandidly believe there have
been as many lives wrecked by false no-
tions of economy, as by the over-indul-
gence we call extravagance.

candle-ends, than in making the most of

3 robe passed through hundreds of hands
5 during its transition from the silkworm’s
good salary, denies his wife and baby;
sufficient fuel and respectable clothing;

: something toward a livelihood as it pass-
bank weekly, and whose curtain lectures i

‘ calfskin level ;” the outcome would be the

True .
economy- consi'sts less in a saving of ‘
; seems a synonym of exaggerated extrava-
what we have—the using our possessions ;
1n suchaway as to get the most good i

elry, the artistic fancies which add to the i
value of the manufactures. Madame's
hand—embroidered, seed-pearl strewn ‘

cocoon to its perfection of dainty loveli— '
ness, and every pair of hands earned

ed along. Suppose we were able to sup-
press the alleged extravagances of the
rich, and put everybody on a ” calico and =

destruction of great industries, and the
taking employment, which means life
itself, from millions of working men and
women.

The cost of Vanderbilt‘s ball, which 1
gance, was a mere bagatelle compared "
to the amount of his wealth. Relatively

; losing, pain.

speaking, dozens of citizens of Michigan
have given more truly extravagant cuter-
tainments this very winter, without oeu-
sure. Economy and extravagance are
and must ever be, relative terms. Extrava-
gance is a word quite as much perverted
and distorted in its meaning as economy.

i It is taken to mean any expenditure not

absolutely necessary, instead of only
another name for wastefulness. And that
extravagance always exchanges money
for that which is harmful or debasing,
seems to me most decidedly incorrect.
even under the ‘dictionary definition “
instead of the popular one. There are
those who are born to "pie for break-
fast.” with no question as to extrava-
gance, standing or display; it is simply
that Fortune’s cupboard always holds a
“pie” for them.

The economy which pinches and

E scrimps for its own aggrandizement and

ends, which hugs a secret hoard or gloats
over the bank-book which represcnu its
treasure, is less noble, to my thinking.
than that “extravagance” which at least
creates a current in the world’s trade. and
scatters its money as Bob Ingersoll Would
have us spend if spend we must. "' as if
dollars were like the innumerable leaves
of the forest.” And I know that a mind
may be so warped and narrowed. so
dwarfed in growth by the practice of a
rigid economy, that a generous deed is im-
possible, and nothing but “saving" and
boarding gives pleasure, nothing but
I believe no man or woman
can rise to life’s highest estate under a
strictly economical regimen. I may be

I wrong, but I have at least the “courage of
my convictions.”

BEA'l‘RlX.

 

THE Household Editor is delighted at
the ready response to her call for con—
tributors to the new Household, and

é pleased at the many words of commenda-

tion it has received. Several letters were

‘received too late for insertion in this

issue, and we would remind our friends
that the “little paper” goes to press and
is entirely completed by the Friday of the

_ week previous to its issue. It will be seen
,thercfore that communications must be
1 on hand not later than the Wednesday
i previous to secure insertion in the next
‘3 issue.
: ladies; there is mom for all, and all are

Do not “wear' in well doincr,”
a

very welcome. We must however insist
upon the newspaper rule which requires

all contributions to be accompanied by the

name as well as nonsde-plmne of the

_ writer.

 


 

2 THE HOUSEHOLD-

 

 

A GIRL’S THOUGHTHS.

 

Last month A. H. J. talked to us girls
about avoiding that class of young men
who would “do to go with” in lieu of
some one better, but would not do to
marry. There is much of that being said
in many forms by the mothers, thus
proving that they know by experience
whereof they speak, for girls usually do
not confess to having been “bitten.” I,
as one of the girls, thank the writers
for their words, but this argument has
many sides to it. Why is such astate
of affairs as A. H. J. represents allowed
to go on with so little comment except in
the shape of “don’ts ” to the girls? Is it
nothing to the mothers of these girls,
whom they havebeen teaching since they
could walk and talk to be modest and
womanly and refined? Is it nothing to
the fathers of these young men; are they
in no way responsible? And lastly, is it
nothing to the young men of that class
mentioned, which in these times repre~
sent such avery large share of society,
for they are not all in the places where
we naturally would look for them, among
the vulgar and ignorant, but out of the
families where the mothers are noble
women and the daughters pure and sweet.
Are these young men proud to have it
said and commonly accepted without
denial that they are unsafe for young
ladies to go with? Is it no honor to them
when nice girls accept their invitations?
Why should they treat them by word and
manner in away they would not dare
treat their sisters? How often it is worse
than ungentlemanly they know only too
well, simply because they think the girls
will not dare tell of them, and calling it
something funny to tell the other “fel-
lows.” Is it an evil/for which there is no
remedy? .

A. H. J .’s advice is to some of us like
the mother’s warning to her boy not to
go near the water till he knew how to
swim. When she is advising us to stay at
home in preference to going with such,
does she think of that some one else
who does go, to learn then or later,
things which will bring burning tears and
hot blushes to her cheeks years after-
ward? It is such things as these that
make me wish I was a man, more than
the privilege of voting. How are the
girls to know these young men, who are
well dressed and seemingly well behaved,
and probably well brought up, as they
are, when girls call them “nice to go
with,” except as one by one they are
awakened in the same manner? Will
some of the young men who read this
paper tell us? Will A. H. J. and the rest
of the mothers kindly tell the girls who
have no brothers to take them What to do?
Not many fathers in common life like to
go out amongyoung people to escort their
daughters, and sometimes a girl who has
a brother that would take her, doesn’t
want to be “second fiddle,” as she must
sometimes feel herself. And the girls
whose brothers won’t take them, ‘what of
them? I‘

Will you please suspend housekeeping
discussions, and help the girls; tell us who
s responsible for these evils? Is it, as I

- rising up to condemn them?

 

sometimes think, only the natural harvest
of “wild oats” sown by the fathers in
their young manhood, and their sins
Or is it the
fault of the mothers? I say it is not. No
mother worthy of the name wants her sons
less good and gentle than her daughters,
nor makes such a difference in their
training. When they are men and women
they are to her still her “ boys and girls,”
and to her all that is noble and manlike.
Is it the same with the fathers? Do they
see no fault, and seeing it do they study
to correct it in the name of society, and
in the name of the woman who will some
day be that son’s wife, and teaching other
little men to honor a father in whom
there is no honor?

Perhaps the young men of whom A. H.
J. speaks, mean to reform when they get
married, but I have no faith in reformed
“wild” young men. They always want
the best and most pure girls for their
wives, and many times get them simply
because the name of “wildness” in a
man does not stick as it does to a girl;
but I pity the wife; she learns so soon
that instead of being reformed he was
only tired of the fun, and in the capacity
of husband his nature is unchanged, ex-
cept in its outward form; and sees with
an aching heart how in his sons like
begets like. ONE OF THE GIRLs’.

HOWEL, Feb. 25th.

 

FRONI THE TROPICS‘

 

Correspondence with the Household
Editor is becoming a dangerous pastime,
unless one is prepared to see their best
thoughts in print afterward. . “All’s fish
that comes to her net.” The following
letter, which was “ not intended for pub-
lication,” comes to us from our former
contributor, Miss Noyes: '

Nassau, N. P. Bahamas, Feb. 14, 1884.

DEAR EDITOR—It is ten o’clock and
time I was in my little hard bed. We
sleep on iron bedsteads, our mattress a
piece of canvass stretched tight over it,
and to keep it from being too soft a linen
sheet is spread neatly over that. Nice
bed for those who like it, but I am dread-
fully black and blue in spots.

Nassau is simply perfect—no it isn’t
either, come to think about it, for the
mail comes only twice a month. It is
very damp here, and the fleas, “jiggers "
and mosquitoes are numerous. Aside
from that it is all right. Highest tem-
perature to-day 82 degrees, lowest 76
degrees. I am keeping track of the
weather; lowest for two weeks 74 degrees,
highest 82 degrees. It don’t cost much to
live here! Cheapest board two dollars per
day, average four dollars per day. in
about the most barren and uncomfortable
houses I have seen—but then, it is now
midwinter and we have an abundance of
early vegetables, fruits and flowers; and
such roses! I grow frantic over the wild
flowers, and I have made such collections
of shells, corals and strange plants, that
my room looks like a curiosity shop.

I spent two weeks in Cuba—went all
over the Island. On account of “ making
a mash” on the Consul, I went every-
where, became acquainted with many

Cubans, learned considerable Spanish,
and had an elegant time. The Spanish
are the most hospitable people? in the
world. I came near not getting away at all.
Had a nine days’ sea voyage, crossed the
Gulf of Mexico, Florida Strait, Carribean
Sea, Haytian Sea and South Atlantic,
Was I sea-sick? Well, I lost six pounds’
weight during the voyage. But oh, the
scenery along the southern shore of Cuba!
Dear me, I must leave all these descrip-
tions till we meet.

I do nothing in the way of work, have
not even energy enough to read. One
simply vegetates here; I feel happy and
satisfied to sit on the piazza in an easy
chair with hands idly folded and gaze at
the sea, which nowhere is so beautiful as
in the tropics. Bierstadt was here last
winter and painted the view of the har-
bor and called it, appropriately enough.
“ The Turquoise Sea.”

We go out riding every day. Roads
are fine, cut from solid rock, no dust. I
board at the Vice-Consul’s, where are
some pleasant people, and we manage to
have some nice times. [expect now to
start for home March 3rd from here, but
shall spend March in Florida. I think I
am a great deal better, but believe it is
too damp here. If one wants comforts,
home is the place to find them. I had to
get a new hat and muslin dress the first
thing; all my clothing is too heavy. I
shall sail for Florida on the 3rd of

 

March, and spend the month of blusterv
l ing winds among the orange groves.

”a“

 

A “WOMAN’S EXPERIENCE.

 

The necessary time and education to be
given our girls to fit them for housekeep~
ers, has long been a disputed question.
A great many wise, a great many foolish
things have been said and written on both
sides.

Now the question comes up again: Can
awoman learn the art of housekeeping,
if she does not devote a life time to it; or
in other words, can she devote her time
and energies to some other calling, and
ever make a change to housekeeping and
be successful? I answer with ”E. S. B.”
yes, she can, for] hace. With the ex-
ception of one or two terms, my time,
from the age of seven until twenty-three,
was occupied by attending or teaching
school. At that. time I married, and kept
house as best I could, between two or
three years, when my husband died. In
less than a year, I returned to my former
vocation, thinking and believing that
teaching was to be my life wonk. I de-
voted my entire energies to the work; I
was an enthusiastic teacher; I was ambi—
tious to succeed, and did succeed. At the
the age of thirty-eight, the death of two
friends, and a partial failure of my own
health, caused me to resign my position
for one year.

At this time meeting a farmer with
whom I (strangely enough) found myself
in perfect sympathy, I lost sightof my
former purpose. He, I think, must have
had some fears of the practicability of
choosing a schoolma‘am for a housekeep‘
er, for I well remember the earnestness
with which he asked me: “ What will you

 

y. A .11 2 wank *‘~


,0 ,1 'u; z..n«v‘v:»t~ “7* "

THE HOUSEHOLD. 8

 

do with the responsibilities of my home?”
I meant what I said when I replied: “ If
I go to your home, I shall prepare myself
to meet its responsibilities.” I went to
work with a zeal that knows no abating,
and with all the habits of industry acquir-
ed by the many busy years of teaching.
As responsibilities increased, my ability
to meet them increased, and the same old
feeling that always made me mistress of
the situation in the schoolroom, made me
mistress of my own home. I will not
boast of my own well doing, but my hus-
band says I am a good housekeeper. This
I know, my house is not in confusion;
my meals are not late; I never sit down
to read in the middle of the day, unless
my work is finished in the morning.

I have a little daughter, who I hope
will some day keepa house of her own in
first class order. The preparation I think
necessary for her is, first, to have some
thing to do, and do it with her might;
to develop habits of industry,neatness and
order, by choosing for her the thing she
can do best, and helping her to be in earn-
est in her chosen work;’to be above being
slack and indifferent to the position oc—
cupied among her fellow laborers. What—
ever is hers to do, do cheerfully; if it be
to do housework, strive to excel in that; if
it be to study, write or paint, to make some
advancement each term over the preced-
ing, not rest content with mediocrity.
Secondly, I shall strive to give her an
education that will enable her to meet
her obligations to society, and the wants
of her family, aside from those pertaining
to the physical part.

A true, earnest purpose will insure suc-
cess in any calling, and render the life
noble. F. E. w.

CHELSEA, Feb. 230..

_._____._._._.___.

TOO MUCH MEDICINE.

 

It has been some time since I have rep-
resented my native city in the Household,
though Ihave been an interested reader.
But this question of “taking something”
touched a point I have often thought
about, our ignorance and credulity in
giving up our bodies to be made medical
experiment stations. A good many are
in the habit of trying every new remedy
they hear of, without knowing anything
more about it than that it happened to
help somebody else. That constitution
and disease maybe different in different
individuals, they never seem to take into
account. The liver and lung pads and
the electric belts at least do not do the
harm that is done by the drugs with which
we fill our systems. Most folks seem to
think anything which sails under the
name of electricity is bound to win, and
if somebody would get up a pill which
he would claim contained an electric
battery, there are people enough to swal-
low it to make a fortune for him.

I am particularly opposed to those
compounds that are classed as patent
medicines. We are too apt to take them
indiscriminately; even if some of them
are good for some purposes, we do not
know of what they are compcfied. I know
the doctors name some of them as posi-
tively harmful. The very fact that they

 

 

are advertised to cure so many diseases
differing so widely in character, convinces
me that there is greater safety in letting
them alone. I sometimes think our faith
goes ahead of that of the Chinese, who
work cures with dried cockroaches and
snakes and such appetizing remedies.
It was only the other day thatI was read-
ing about amother who killed her baby
by giving it a patent medicine for croup.
It did not die of the disease. but of the
medicine given to cure it. We cannot be
too careful What medicines we give our
children.

Every little while we are set to follow
ing some new gospel of hygiene, which
we are taught is gomg to make us healthy.
Awhile ago it was destruction to the
stomach to eat anything raised with soda.
Next everybody must eat graham fiour,
grits and bran biscuits; now we are told
the rough particles of this former valu-
able diet injure and inflame the stom-
ach. At present everybody is trying to
parboil their internal economy by drink-
ing quantities of hot water, and it will
not bevery long before we will find out
this is unhealthy. Solomon said, “in a
multitude of counselors there is safety,”
butI guess he did not mean those who
advise “taking something.”

DAISY.
FLINT, Feb. 25th.

 

“’HAT CAN SHE DO ‘?

 

When the bride of a few months finds
her idol turning rapidly to the coarsest
kind of clay; when she realizes that the
rumors she refused, before marriage, to
believe are only too true, and that she is
the wife of a drunkard, gambler, liber-
tine, or a selfish, cruel being; what can
she do? There are several courses for her
to choose from. She can proclaim his
faults and her own woes to any who care g
to listen, and find how little the deepest !
sympathy can heal; or she may try to J

 

whiten the sepulchre by dilating upon;
imaginary virtues and denying every i
derogatory report which reaches her; in 1
this way placing herself in the light of a l
perjurer. She may do either of these;{
but, if the death of love and confidence i
is not sufficient to cause her to seek:
release from her bonds, it is much wiser
to wrap about her disappointments and E
sorrows the mantle of dignified silence; ?
to make no mention of her husband’s
habits, allowing even her friends, much
less the curious, to only guess at her trials
and heart-ache.

This is very hard for some natures to
do, but for many reasons it is certainly
the best. A man’s faults should always be
as sacred to his wife as she would wish
hers to be to him. “A friend should bear
a friend’s infirmities” says Shakespeare,
and in no relationship ought this law to
be more regarded than in that of mar-
riage. One wrong may be offset, but is
never made right by another; and because
a woman’s husband proves false to all
good principles, it is no excuse for her
doing so too. She need not become a
silent martyr, but let her complaints fall
upon her despot, and when her trials be-
come unbearable, let the world first hear

u

 

their recital through legal steps for a
separation. A. n. J.
THOMAs, Feb. 25th.

 

SOEIE SIMPLE REMEDIES.

 

I am delighted with the new form of the
Household. Those who thoroughly be-
lieve in homeopathy do not have any
favorite patent remedy, neither do they
believe in taking pills and caster oil for
colds, (unless the child is quite sick and
mother-in law tells husband that she
“always gave oil to all of her eleven chil
dren, and there is nothing so good to
work it off as oil”). Nor do they give lard
and sugar, alum water, etc., for croup,
when aeonite and spongia, with warm
wet cloths on the throat, will relieve
them, and the next day give kali. bich.
and hepar sulphur every hour in alterna-
tion to prevent a return and cure the
cold. If you know what remedies you
want, you can get three bottles of your
physician for 25 cents or 10 cents a single
bottle. You will also find glycerine and
hydrastus (of which your physician will
prepare a two oz. bottle for 25 cents) one
of the most healing remedies for babies
who are chafed, and also for sore nipples.
It need not be washed off when baby
nurses. E. M. A.

CEKTREVILLE, Feb. 26th.

____._._..____

SCR A PS.

 

NEcx'rrEs and large ribbon bows or
knots are no longer worn at the throat.
The front edges of the standing collar of
the dress just meet, and a pretty brooch
holds them in place. This simple finish
is liked for all except full dress occasions.
If ribbons are used they are moderately
wide, laid in folds, and then looped in
long loops. Nasturtium red and amber
are the favorite colors.

Mus. MARY BOOTH, editress of Harper’s

‘ Bazar, says the fact that women submit

to have but one pocket, and that usually
practically inaccessible, proclaims her in-
feriority of sex. Man has conquered and

‘ secured his pockets, proving his suprem-

acy; it is the great advantage he has over
womenin the struggle for existence. He
has pockets enough to make him a walking

‘ aggregation of miscellaneous articles. But
‘ the woman has this to her advantage; if

she has but one pocket, she knows, if any
article is not therein, that she hasn’t got
it, while a man must search a round dozen,
one after the other, twice in succession
perhaps, to assure himself that he has not
overlooked the missing requisite, and tin-
ally conclude he “ left it in the pocket of
that other suit.”

 

This winter a Boston church has very
finely illustrated the old rule—

“Go put your creed
Into your deed,”

by giving a course of cooking-lessons
adapted to the cuisine of poor people who
have to live on low wages. This was in-
deed doing a good thing in a good way,
for the true policy of helping the poor is
to teach them to help themselves. And
the “ gospel of good food ” is no mean aid
in making home pleasant and attractive to

 


 

 

4. . THE HOUSEHOLD.

those who otherwise would drift into:
saloons to supply with liquor the short- j

comings of the table. In this city several
churches hold weekly meetings at which

poor children are taught to sew, making .

garments which pass into their possession
upon payment of a nominal sum. The

hope of owning the garment. which they
must make under the tuition of the la-
.aeorns the children had gathered. and

dies in charge, secures their attendance,
and they are thus benttited, almost
against their will. for few of them seem
to take kindly to necdle and thread.
though sometimes showing an :ttliuity for
St‘lSM‘l‘: and thimbles.
Watched. Cooking and sewing schools
are great helps to the poor, better than
smut-kitchens, or the free distribution of

supplies.
-——————6+-o——-——

HOUSEHOLD HINTS.

 

l’retty catehalls are made of paper fans.
with the rivet which holds the sticks to-
gether withdrawn and a cord substituted.
The fan is drawn together and one stick
lapped upon the other and fastened. thus

unless carefully -

and forth, and leaving half an inch at the ,
‘ end uncovered. The four sticks were

two fourteen inches long. and covered
them neatly with some black velvet she

,1 had in the house, securing the edges on

the back by a stout thread crossing back

then fastened together with screws, leav-
ing the endsto project two inches beyond
the picture. Then she took white oak

with gold paint gilded a Quantity of these
and their cups, fastening the acorns in
place with a drop of glue. On each corner

of the frame. where the screws were visi~ ‘

ble, and also on the centre of each velvet
covered stick. she arranged a group of
acorns and saucers. some of them gilded
and others in their natural. rich brown
state, securing them firmly to the velvet
by means of glue. and now and then a
skillful stitch where the brown and gold

stems were not disposed to keep in place. ,

The uncovered ends of the lath were then

gilded, and the picture fastened in place. ‘
, She characterizes itas “ an odd but really '

' elegant wall ornament."

makinga cone~shaped receptacle. A cornu- ‘

copia of coarse. strong paper is fitted into
this, and ribbon passed in and out be-
tween the sticks forms bows in front. A
ribbon loop is attached by which to sus
pend the catch-all.

Dainty and delicately perfumed station-
ery is a little luxury very grateful to

most girls, some of whom may find it;

difficult to procure, or may wish to scent
their note paper with the one perfume
which they particularly afiect. To do
this, sprinkle a quire of blotting paper
with any perfume preferred, and place
under a weight to dry. When perfectly
dry, the note paper may be placed be-
tween the sheets of perfumed paper, and
under a weight for several hours. They
will retain the odor for a long time if
kept from the air.

 

A great convenience in a kitchen which
cannot boast of all the modern improve-
ments is a dish-rinsing board, which may
be made with so little expenditure of
time and money that almost any one may
have it. If the sink is small, as nearly all
sinks are, have apiece of board the width
of the sink and any moderate length, say
three-quarters of a yard long, placed at
one end of the sink and let it rest upon
the sink; have a rim of wood around the
edge about two inches high, and this
should be firmly screwed in place; this
shelf should be fastened to the wall and
propped so that it will be well supported.
The end furthest from the sink should be
slightly raised so the water will drain
from it into the sink. To assist this pro-
cess two grooves may be cut in the board,
though not deeply. When the dishes are
washed set them on this shelf, rinse them
and drain them there.

 

“ John’s Wife,” in the Philadelphia
Tribune and Farmer, tells how she made
a novel and effective frame for a chromo
card, hardly worth the expense of a frame
yet too pretty to throw away. She sawed
a lath in strips, two ten inches long, and

 

“a...“

THE many Household acquaintances of
our “ Strong-Minded Girl " will regret to
learn that she still suffers from the effects

: of injuries received at the Carlyon rail.

 

road disaster, last summer, and is under
medical care. Her physician has forbid-

‘ den all mental work, for the present, and :’

it will perhaps be some time before we
shall hear from her againin the House-
hold.

——-.—.—._
Useful Recipes.

 

Miss PARLOA’S GISGERBREAD.—One cup of
molasses, one teaspoonful of soda, one of
ginger, one tablespoonful of butter; stir
these together and then pour on half a cupful
of boiling Water. Stir into this one pint of

flour. The butter should be thoroughly beaten.‘

Bake twenty minutes.

 

OLD FASHIONED GiNGERBREAD.—Warm one
pint of molasses and stir into it a teaspoonful
of soda; add one-half pint of butter, two eggs,
ginger to taste, one pint of sour buttermilk in
which has been dissolved a good sized spoon—
ful of soda. Stir in flour enough to make a
moderately stiflf batter, and bake in shallow
tins in a hot oven.

 

CARAMEL Cunt—Whites of seven eggs, one
cup of butter, two cups white sugar, two-thirds
of a cup of rich milk, three cups of flour, one
teaspoonful of soda, two teaspoonfuls of cream
of tartar. Bake in layers. Take three cups of
New Orleans sugar, one and one-half cups of
sweet cream, three level tablespoonfuls of but—
ter. Cook to the thickness of candy, and
flavor with vanilla to suit the taste. When
nearly cold spread on the cake.

 

FRIED Reruns—Mince a little cold meat
and ham, allowing one-third ham to two-thirds
meat, and an egg boiled hard and chopped, and
a seasoning of pounded mace, salt, pepper and
lemon peel; moisten with a little gravy or
cream. Make a good puff paste, rolled rather

'thin, and cut into round or square pieces; put

the mince between two of them, pinch in the
edges to keep in the gravy, and fry 9. light
brown. They may also be baked in patty-pans;
in which they should be brushed over with the
yolk of an egg before they are put into the
oven. To make a variety, oysters may be sub-
stituted for the ham. Fry the patties for
about fifteen minutes.

  

THE BEST THING KNOWN
FOR
" a I .
; Washmgaml weanling
In Hard or Soft, Hot or Cold Water.
SAVES LABOR. TIME and SOAP AMA”:

1 INGfLYaand gives universal satist'
family, rich or poor, should be without 2'}.
Sold by all Grocers. BE‘VARE of imitation-

well desrgned to mislead. PEARLINE is the

UNLY SAFE labor—saving compound, and al-

waya bears the above symbol, and name of

5.1!" ‘-‘ I’YLE. NE‘V YORK.

had;

THE DAVIS sw'iNG CHURN.

The Most Popular Churn on the Market.
, Because it makes the

' most butter. Because.

no other Churn works
so easy. Because it
makes he beat grained
butter. Because it is
the easiest cleaned. it.
has no floats or paddles
inside. Alsothe Eure<
ka Butter “Fork-
er, the Neshltt But-
ter Printer. and a
full line of Butter
Making Utensils for
Dairies and Factories. Send for Illustrated Circulars.

VERMONT FARM: MACHIN E (30..

Bellown Falls, Vt.
o I

mrh4eow6t

 

 

cnrmrlfi

I Has the largest cooling
“ ' surface. takesleao
cooling material,
takes less labor in

\m“ operating it, and
pluittlmlfifl'" GIVES THE
t llt‘t asst nesuus

; Has a lass the whole
' : deptho canthatshowq
_ outside the condition
' of the mll'k without
touchingtheCreamery,

  
  
 
 
    
     
    

Sole Manufact'r.
SYRACUSE, I. l.

f19-11t

R E I D ’ S
: , GBEAMEBY
‘ ALWAlS lAhESerUUD
humid-{n sa'sr.
\ Ema www‘fl

d18-2t

 

 
    
 
 

BUTTER WORKER

Most Eflutlve and Convenient, also

‘ Power Workers, Butter Print.- ,. ‘,

ers. Shipping Boxes, etc.
_ 00 P WERS.

Write-forIllustratedoalaloguo.
A. . . ,

’76 S. 16th Street, Phlla. Pa. ;.

j22-13t

  

 

PRICE REDUCED
' g“? se’rli‘fhsi: cs‘éttil‘eegligt

.\~( ‘,.‘

    

will weigh from
half an ounce to
240 lbs., made by
theChicago Scale
Co.,and warrant-
ed true. We wi 1
send one of these
. scales and the
FARM!!! for one

T‘;‘” Q“ year-to any ad-
dress for 85.00, cash with order
JOHNSQONE «I: GIBBONS, Publishers.

 

 

4a (1884) Chrome Cards. no 2 alike. with name 100
13 pks..$l. GEO. I. REED rt (‘0..Nman NY

31%
it:
re
*9 t?
a"?
5%
F

 


3.;

naive-s f "

. Q 2%“;

 

..I
‘58 q

 

T 11711] HOU'SEII ()LD. 5

@119 3:?quth 323th.

Essentials to the Poultry Business.

 

 

A correspondent of the Country Gentle

'31)“ n say s:

“Queries are often heard asto what is . oure fresh water
. l , . ,

the best locality for a poultry farm. what
kind of fowls are most profitable, what is
the best food. and how many hens may be
kept tn: the acre. All these questions are
difficult to answer bya person who has no

chemically pure, and have given one tea-

! spoonful to a bird full grown three. times

1. a day. .
j the excrement gradually loses its yellow 1

The dose purges violently, but

and green color. and in three days he:
comes of its usual appearance. The three
doses have been found sufficient.
l'oodis given for three days. and only
For convenience the
bird is kept in a coop upon a

. spaded soil. which absorbs the excrement

previous knowledge of the parties propos- .

ing to embark in the business. As a gen

-- " «r hese rueries emanate from )‘ll'- . . . . .
(”llh‘uht i ‘ ' 1‘ . quantity. which sax-'edthem wrtlioutshut- ‘

1 ting them up over two days.
i should say, were kept cooped fora Week .

tieswhc are suddenly induced to embark
in the business. They think they can dis-

coveriarge profits. and too often expend ‘

more in the outlay
ably he expected from
there is money in the
doubt, but the thing is to get it.
place is as good as another.
er that makes the place.

than may reason
the income.

One

That ‘

nir‘uit there is no . . . .
l s ' made is that chicks may be born diseased ,

It is the keep- L
Of course i sit- ~

uatior. contiguous to market should be

provided. If broilers are to be produced
and be. raised close to market, that they
may be sent in when there is a sharp de-
mand. Chicken meat is the cheapest flesh
the farmer can make. A pound of chick
en may be made cheaper than a pound of
beef.

“To make poultry thoroughly profitable
one must confine the attention more to
eggs. Fresh eggs are always in demand;
unlike butter, there is no article that may
be substituted to take their place. After
furnishing eggs for two or three seasons
the fowls are. worth as much as spring
chicks. A poultry farm may be located
anywhere, providing it be not too far from
market. In these days of railroad trans
portatlon, one hundred miles is quite near
enough when. a station is near at hand.
As to the number of fowls, a person
should be governed by accommodations
and vmeans, but it is better to keep no
more than may be kept Well, with good,
shady ground in summer, ample yards,
&c. The fowls should not be crowded.
The food must be varied and frequently
changed from one kind of grain to anoth-
er, always allowing a feed of corn each
day, as that is the staple.

“ As to the kind of fowls, and which is
the most profitable. there is much profit

in all, but some make quicker returns;

than others. among which may be reckoned
the Leghorns, Dominiques. Hamburgs
and Minorcas. If any one of these breeds
is adopted it win give satisfactory results.
They make rapid growths. mature early,
and come into ‘egg production soon. If
for poultry. two chicks may be raised
of these small varieties. with larger profit,
where one of the larger fowls is grown."

_....*.
Chicken Cholera.

Henry Stewart, in the Country Gentle.

man, says he has cured cholera in fowls

by using hyposulphite of soda, the reme-

 

dy never having failed in any case where ,

it was tried. He says:
“ I have used simply a saturated, solu.
tion of the hyposulphite or bi-sulphite,

 

i
l
l

and keeps the bird clean, and also pro-

vides a cooling application to the heated '

abdomen.

“ Six weeks' old chicks taken with the 1

disease were given a third of the above
The hens,

and were fed after the third day on scald
ed corn meal and middlings mixed. int
the most interesting discovery I have

with cholera. Several of them began to
pine from the first day after hatching.
and some while in an incubator waiting,

while the rest of the brood were hatch 3

_ I iug under the hen. In previous years Iliad
then they must be hatched very early. 1

lost several young chicks which showed
the very common symptoms, in such
cases, of being glued up behind with a
sticky creamy yellow discharge.

“The present year I have treated all

, these cases with the hyposulphite solution 7

without losing one. Some had not eaten
anything when they were seenZto be dis-
eased, others became so when several days
old, drooped their wings, and moped
about in the same manner as the fowls do.

Three drops were put into the mouth of a *

chick very carefully with one of the glass
air syringes used for filling stylographic

pens, and which can be procured for five l

cents. These are more convenient than
the common glass pipette. It can be
marked with a file to denote the measures.
The solution was given to the fowls in the
same way by letting the liquid drain slow~
ly down the throat. Some of it may go
down the wrong way and get into the
lungs, but it only causes a litte coughing,
and seems to be absorbed that way as well
as if it went intothe crop. It is very
reasonable and clear to me that a hen sick
with cholera will lay diseased eggs, and
these eggs will produce diseased chicks.
Icame to this conclusion a year ago when
I began treating the sick chicks."

————.+.—-——-—_

A CORRESPONDENT of the Poultry Yard
declares that there is no feed on earth
that is so good for chickens, or old fowls,
as sour milk, clabbered milk or cheese
curd made from sour milk. Even 01d,
sour buttermilk for old fowls is the best
of food, but all this must have some meal
and judgment added to it. N o gapes, no
cholera amo‘hg chickens that are fed on
sour milk and kept free from lice. His
feed is fresh ground cornmeal, oatmeal,

and shorts wet with clabbered milk, some i

cracked corn and whole wheat, fed ac
cordlng to the age of chickens.

m

Hood’s Sarsaparilla is made of roots, herbs ‘

and barks. It gives tone to the stomach and
makes the weak strong. Sold by Druggists.

No'

bed of 1

i REAL ESTATE FOR SALE.
l STATE OF MICHIGAN, o
t (‘ocx'rv or “'Asii'i'ENAW, t' 39'

In the matter of the estate of (tiara L. Stone and
Willie J. Stone, minors. Notice is hereby given.
that in pursuance of an order granted to the urn
dcrsigued, guardian of the estate or said minors,
by the Hon. Judge of Probate for the County of
Washtenaw, on the tenth day of November, A. l).
. 1883, there will be. sold at public vcnduc, to the

highest. bidder, on the premises, in the Township
of Sumpter, in the (‘onnty of Wayne, in the Stat}
of Michigan, on \\'l«ll)NESI)A Y, THE NINTH
DAY Hi“ Al’ltllr, ;\. l). 1881, at 1:! o‘clock noon
. of that day isnbject to all encumbrances by mort-

gage or otherwise existing at the ime of tin-sale,
thefollowing described real estate, towit: All
that parcel of land lyin‘.r and being in the town
ship of Snmpter, (‘ounty of Wayne and State of
Michigan, described as beginningon the south—
west quarter of section ~ix in said township.
-;e\'em_’.'vi.\vorods north of the southwest, corner
stake of said section, thence runningr north to the
-onth line of lands formerly owned by Henry
Willard, being the northwest fractional quarter of
the southwest quarter of ~aid >i:('il()ll. thence ea~t
on >aid line. tn‘enty rods. more or less, to the. west.
line of lands formerly owned by James Sherman.
thence south eight rods alongsaid Sherman‘s line,
thence \Vcst tWenty rod.~, moreor ll---s, to the West.
line of said section, and to the place of beginning,
being one acre of land. more or ie~~x I

Dated February 21, 11le
\\'ll.l.lA.\l l

;. STONE, G nardian.

 

\; ORTGAGE S;\LE.—\\'hereus, default has
L. been made in the conditions of a certain

mortgage made and executed the tirst day of J line,

in the year 1880, executed by John '1‘. it. Brown
, and Sarah ll. llrown ill.‘ wife, Robert ll. Brown
and Margaret E. Brown, his wife, and Alfred
, Bunclurk and Sarah Bunclark, his wife, all of De-
; troit, Wayne County, State of Michigan, to Win
1 liam J. Linn, ofthc same. place, which said mort-
gage was recorded in the Oilice or the Register of
Deeds of the County of \Vm'nc, in liber159 of
Mortgages, on page 124, on the 29th day of June,
in the year 1881’), at 2:3)0‘cloek, p. m. Said mort-
0age was duly assigned to John ll. 'l‘oepel and
Danetta Toepel of Detroit, Wayne County, State
, of Michigan, on the twentieth day of January.

1882, and said assignment was recorded in the
office of the Register of Deeds of the County of
Wayne, in liber 20, assignments of mortgages, on
page 242, on the 21st day of January, A. D. 188:2.
And whereas, there is now due and unpaid
on said mortgage, under the terms there
of, the sum of seven hundred and fifty-eight and
36—100 dollars, of which thirty-three and 44-100
dollars are the taxes paid by the assignees of the
mortgagee, which, by the terms of this mortgage
constitute part of the amount due, and the furth-
er sum of twenty—five dollars as an attorney fee,
stipulated for in said mortgage, and, whereas,
no suit or proceeding at law or in equity has been
' instituted to recover the debt secured by said

mortgage, or any part thereof: now, therefore,
notice is hereby given that by virtue of the power
of sale in said mortgage contained, and of the
statutes of the State of Michigan in such case
made and provided, the said mortgage will be
foreclosed y a sale of the premises therein des—
cribed, at public auction, to the highest bidder,
at the east door of the City Hall in the City of De-
troit in said County of Wayne, that being the
place where the Circuit Court for the County of
Wayne is held, on the second day of A ril, A. D.
1884, at ten o’clock in the forenoon 0 that day;
which said premises are described in said mort—
gage as follows, to wit: “All that certain piece,
parcel or lot of land situate, lying and being in the
City of Detroit, County of Wayne and State of
Michigan, known and described as lot numbered
thr‘ e hundred and forty-four (344) of Johnston’s
subdivision of Private Claim numbered fort -four
(44),Lafontaine Farm, on the east side 0 Six-
teenth street.“

Dated January 2d, 1884.

JOHN H. TOEPEL,
BABETTA TOEPEL,
Assignees of Mortgagee.

CARPENTER & HANNAN,
Attorneys for Assignees.

ON the 20th day of July, 1875, Jeremiah Calnon
gave to Nicholas Woods, Catherine Woods and
Mary Am Wallis. a mortgage on four undivided
fifth outset me following pieces or parcels of
landsiuate. biting and lying in the City of De
trait, szsija‘mty, Michigan, and described as
lot number'me (EA and fractional lot number six
(6) in h'iock foray-nine (49) of the Forsyth or
Porter Farm, Fri-called. on the south side of For
ter street, between Fifth and Sixth Streets. Said
mortgage was recorded in the Register’s office for
the County of Wayne, Michi an. in liber 97 of
mortgages. on page 409, on J u y 20, 1875. The in-
terest of said Mary Ann Woods therein was as-
signed on May 2, 1881, to said Nicholas Woods,who,
With said Catherine Woods, assigned said mort—
i age to William F. Atkinson and James J. At-
‘ 'inson on the 18th day of December, 1883. There

 

 

is now due on said mortgage $329 Notice is
hereb given that by virtue of the wer of sale
in sai mortgage, we shall, on the HIRD DAY

of APRI L: 1884, at 12 o‘clock noon, sell said prem-
ises at public vendue at the Griswold street en
trance to the City Hall in Detroit, the place for
holding the Circuit Court for the County in which
1 said premises are situated.
! WILLIAM F. ATKINSON,
i JAMES J. ATKINSON.

Dated Detroit, “sunny 2, 1884.

 

 


 

THE HOUSEHOLD.

 

gar-m gain.

Inquiries frontsubscribérs falling under {his
head will be answered in this column if {he replies
are of general interest.
to Henry A. Ilaigh, .llto7';2(y,'Seiiz Block, Detroit

 

:7

 

 

The Blessed Bees-Their Champion
Makes an Inquiry.

 

LANSING, Feb. 20, '84.
Law Editor of the Michigan Farmer.

Mr. A. P. Cowan. Grattan, asks about
bees being taxable. They have not
usually been taxed. In some places
they are being taxed. Will you be so
kind as to elucidate this whole matter in
the MICHIGAN FARMER. They are prop-
erty, and so are justly taxable;but usage
has omitted them. Here usage would
seem in error. If you have time please
explain. A. J. COOK.

Amman—The professor is right. Bees
are taxable. All property is taxable. The
purpose of the law is to spread the burden
of supporting government equally on all
property. The only exemptions are a few
of the necessities of life, viz: Books,
family pictures, $150 worth of clothes,
$200 worth of household furniture, $150
worth of musical instruments and $200
worth of other personal property owned
and used by any householder in connec-
tion with his house or business.

The property of persons who in the
opinion of the supervisor are, by reason of
poverty, unable to contribute toward the
public charges is also exempt from taxa-
tion. The above, together with the prop-
erty of library, benevolent, charitable
and scientific institutions, houses of pub-
lic worship, parsonages, and burial
grounds are the only exceptions known
to the law. Bees might occasionally fall
under the exemption made in favor of
very poor persons, or might be included
in the $200 worth of personal property
allowed to each householder in connec-
tion with his house or business, though
in most families this amount would be
used up in covering the food and fuel on
hand, and in freeing from taxation the
family cow, the pig, the pet lamb, the
chickens and the geese.

But the endeavor of the law to thus
equalize the burden of taxation almost
universally fails in practice, and it is only
by the operation of a natural law which
men cannot evade that the same result is
in the end attained. Supervisors are al-
most of necessity forced to assess the tax
against those objects of property which
are permanent tangible and material.
Real estate is preeminently of this nature.
It cannot get away, t he assessor cannot
help but see it. But much valuable per-
sonal property seems to possess a peculiar
phantom-like power of disappearing,
which enables it to squirm out of the
assessor’s view even as he dips his pen to
put its value on the assessment roll.
Hence it has come about, by usage-as
the professor aptly styles it—that assessors
have given up the unequal chase, and
have put the taxes largely on the land
alone. When a farmer get. “tolerably
forehanded,” they will charge him with a
small personal tax, which may be grad-

 

Addrrss commuted/5.0 s,

 

 

ually increased with his increasing pros-
perity. If he goes largely into bees and
has his lawn or garden dotted with clus-
ters of their pretty hives, note will doubt—
less be taken of it, and an increase in his
personal tax may thereby come about.
But I apprehend that in the rural town—
ships of Michigan generally, nothing like
accuracy in the assessment of personal
property, or of real estate either, is prac
tically attempted or even intended. If
one supervisor were to enforce the law to
the letter, as he is sworn to do, he would
Work a great injustice upon his constit-
uents, and he would never get office
again. For if all the assessable property
of a single towuship were put upon the
tax roll at its full cash value, as the law
requires, it would show an amount of
property in the township which would
be out of all proportion to that of
other townships in the county, unless
the same thing were done in all,
and if that were done the county
would be thrown out of balance with
the rest of the State. And so the custom
seems to continue; and our worthy super-
visors, though no doubt in most respects
very proper people, will have to continue
to practice officially a kind of pious per-
jury, and once a year swear solemnly to
what they know is not the truth. Hence
real estate will continue to bear the bur-
den of government, and the great bulk of
personal property, securities, stocks,
bonds, notes, money, etc., and probably
in most cases also the professor’s special
charge—the blessed bees, will continue to
go free. Meanwhile a great law of nature
will bring about a compensation by add-
ing to the value of the product of that
property which has to pay the tax. So the
man who has mortgages hid in his chim-
ney, or bank stocks and corporate shares
laid away in his lawyer’s safe, will have
to pay a little more for his wheat, his po-
tatoes, his beefsteak, butter and eggs;
and in the end no very great harm will be
done. H. A. n.

 

Drain Law Questions.

 

To the Law Editor of the Michigan Farmer.

An irresponsible person, not a land
owner, applies for and circulates a peti-
tion asking for the construction of two
public ditches. The commissioner to
whom the petition is presented, decides
to put them through but, after going
so far as to let the contracts for the con-
struction of each ditch, abandons one of
them. He also changes the grade eight
inches on the ditch that is constructed,
and gives so little slant to the bank of
some parts of the ditch that it keeps com-
ing in. On this statement of fact please
answer the following questions:

1st. Had said commissioner any right
to go on with the second part of this
drain after having abandoned the first
part on north side of road, when the
same petition called for both, and when
both were advertised and let under writ.
te181 contracts, on the said 30th day of May,
18 3?

2nd. In case of a legal drain, can a
man be lawfully assessed for that drain
more than a certain per cent. of his
entire real estate valuation in said town;
and if not, what is that certain per cent?

3rd. Can a man who is entirely irre-
sponsible, and who pays no tax at all, be
the lawful applicant for a ditch petition?
Is such a petition 1e a1?

4th. Does one ilegal point in the.

 

 

 

whole proceedings break 11 the whole
matter? And in case of an illegal drain,
can said commissioner oblige the farmers-
to pay their respective assessments? And
if not, does this expense have to come
out of the commissioner, or bondsmen, or
the town?

5th. Would the fact that those lower
sections were laid out at a less angle than
45 deg., and have been dug and accepted
with nearly perpendicular sides, alone, or
together with the fact that the contracts
were let and our taxes levied to pay for
digging the ditch full eight inches lower
than it is dug, and has been accepted. and
all orders given, would either or both of
these causes be sufficient to break up and
destroy the right of said commissioner to
collect of the farmers the taxes he has
levied u on them?

6th. s the drain legal or illegal. and
Why? And can farmers be taxed for the
second and third reconstruction, after
havmg paid the first outlet on a country
drain?

7th. What method must be employed-
to reconstruct or keep open a town ditch,
running parallel with the road?

8th. Had he any right to raise the
grade on said ditch after the contracts
were let, except he should advertise and‘
let again?

Please to answer and oblige a sub-

scriber. Yours most respectfully,
L. F. BROWN,
LESLIE, Mich. ‘

1st. It is very rarely that anything turns
out exactly as we anticipate, and if nothing
should be left to the discretion of the com-
missioner, perhaps his work would prove-
to be an injury rather than a benefit. By
law it is left to his judgment whether the-
ditch is even begun or not, and I should
judge that in this case, if he deemed it
advisable to abandon one of the two‘
ditches petitioned for he would have that
right, especially as no work seems to have»
been done on the first ditch.

2nd. He cannot be assessed more than
25 per cent of the land to be drained by
the ditch. See Sec. 26.

3rd. The petition for a public ditch
must be signed by at least five freeholders
residing in any one or more townships in
which the lands to be drained are situated.
(See Sec. 6). The fact that an irresponsi-
ble person applies for and circulates the

 

= petition makes no difference, if the peti»

tion is properly signed. '
4th. I will quote in full the section in
the drain law answering this question.
“The collection of no tax or assessment
levied, or ordered to be levied, to pay for
the location and construction of any drain
laid out and constructed under this act,
shall be perpetually enjoined or declared
void in consequence of any error of any
officer or board in the location and estab—
lishment thereof, nor by reason of any
error or informality appearing in the
record of the proceedings by which any
drain shall have been located and estab~
lished, nor for want of proper release or
condemnation of right of way.

“But the court in which any proceeding
is now pending, or may hereafter be
brought, to reverse or declare void the
proceedings by whico any drain has been
located or established, or to enjoin the
tax levied to pay for the labor and costs
and expenses thereof, shall, if there be
manifest error in said proceedings, set the
same aside and allow the plaintiff in the
action to come in and show wherein he
has been injured thereby. The court

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TEE EOUE EHOLD

'7

 

shall, on application of either party, ap-
point such person 01 persons to examine
the premises, or to survey the same, or
both, as may be deemed necessary, and
the court shall, on a final hearing, make
such an order in the premises as shall be
,just and equitable, and may order such
tax to remain on the roll for collection,
‘or order the same to be re—levied, or may
perpetually enjoin the same, or any part
thereof, or if the same shall be paid under
protest, shall order the whole or such
part thereof as may be just and equitable,
to be refunded, the cost of said proceed-
ings to be proportioned among the parties
as justice may require.” Sec. 40.

5th. Changing the grade and the
proper incline of the banks of the ditch
would be a question left to the discretion
of the commissioner and he would not be
responsible for an error resulting there-
from. See also See. 40 in answering this
question.

6th. The drain is probably not legal in
the strict sense of the word, but it could
be made so. See Sec. 40, which I give in
full in answer to question 4.

1f the tax collected is not sufficient to
finish the ditch a new one can be levied.
If the ditch needs cleaning out or recon-
vstructing on account of lack of good judg-
ment on the part of the commissioner in
making it the owners of thelands drained
will have to pay for it.

7th. The commissioner who had
charge of the construction of the ditch, or
his successors in office, have charge of it
and must see that it is kept 1n proper con-
dition. Sec. 42.

8th. I think that he should have adver-
tised for new contracts, but it seems he
did not. The remedy is to be found in
.Sec. 40. HERBERT M. SNOW.

 

A Question of Interest.

 

CANANDAIGUA, Feb. 7, ‘84.
’Law Editor of the Michigan Farmer.

DEAR SIR. —-Being a subscribei of the
FARMER, I desire information concerning
compound interest. A. gives his note to
B. for one hundred dollars, payable one
year from date, with interest at ten per
cent. per annum. At the expiration of
five years from date of note, A pays the
note to B.; how would the interest be
reckoned, and What would be the amount
-of interest due on on the note at the ex-
piration of the five years?

J OHN MOORE.

 

Amman—Compound interest cannot be
charged in this State. It is usurious, and
if agreed to, cannot be collected. The
legal rate of interest is seven per cent,
but parties are allowed to stipulate in
writing for a higher rate, not exceeding
ten per cent. To charge more than this
is usurious, and the excess cannot be col-
lected. There is no penalty attached to
charging usury in Michigan, as there is in
most of the States; but if a person attemps
to enforce a usurious contract, the courts
must simply refuse to allow anything
more than legal interest. When interest
is due in installments on any written in-
strument, as a bond or note, and any in-
stallment of interest is net paid when due,
interest may be charged on that install-
ment until it is paid at the rate the princi-
pal bears. It is this provision, no doubt,

 

no doubt, that has given rise to the very
common opinion—~especially among bank-
ers and money loaners—that compound
interest is allowable in Michigan. But a
little reflection or a little computing will
show that what is allowed is very differ-
ent from compound interest. Let us take
a very simple illustration of this: Sup-
pose that a note is given for one hundred
dollars, due in five years, with interest
payable annually at ten per cent, and
suppose that nothing is paid on it, and at
the end of the five years the holder wishes
to know how much is legally due. If he
figured by compound interest, he would
compute to the end of the first year, add
the interest to the principal and compute
to the end of the second year, and so on
to the end of the five years. He would

 

find by this method that there is $161.05 1

due. But the statute only allows “inter
est (and this means simple interest) on

statutory method he can compute in-
terest on the first unpaid installment of
$10, at ten per cent for four years, on the
second for three years, on the third for
two and on the fourth for one. And this
will give him at the end of the five years

$160, which is nearly $1 less than the com- ‘

pound method would give. The amount
is small on $100, but on many thousands
it would be of great importance. I know
it is almost universal for the banks to add
the interest to the principal if it is not
paid when due. This is clearly not al-
lowable; and could not be enforced at
law. But whether the excess of interest
so computed, when once paid, could be
recovered back is very doubtful. It
probably could not.

In the case inquired about by our
friend Mr. Moore, interest was not due in
installments, and consequently the statute
allowing interest on unpaid instalments
will not apply. The note simply repre-
sents a matured claim of $100, with in-
terest at ten per cent up to the time of
maturity. But by force of a statute and
decisions in this State, interest on such
an obligation continues after maturity at
the same rate as before until paid. (War-
ner vs. Juif. 38 Mich. 662). The amount
on the note, principal and interest, at the
end of the five years would consequently
be $150.

While considering the matter of inter-
est, it may be well to call attention to
some other questions which are well set-
tled in Michigan. And first, a rate of
interest greaterjhan seven per cent can
never be implied. It must be agreed to in
writing. A verbal agreement to that ef-
fect cannot be enforced. (28 Mich. 503;
37 Mich. 240.)

The expression “ with annual interest”
means interest payable at the end of each
year (39 Mich. 182.) Usury, as a defense,
can only be made use of by the person
from whom it was exacted. (9 Mich. 21.)
So the purchaser of premises subject to a
usurious mortgage cannot defend against
the usury. (11 Mich. 59). Usury paid on
a former obligation cannot be deducted
from a new security given in its place; but
if any of the usury exacted under the for-
mer obligation is included in the new

, demeanor.

any installment due and unpait .” By the E forfeited by usury, and in still others all

 

security, that may be deducted. (38 Mich.
200.)

A bonafide holder of usurious paper
may collect the full amount. (11 Mich.
199.) That is to say ifa note or bill of
exchange, which was originally given
upon a usurious consideration, comes in.
to the hands of a person who takes it in
good faith, and with no notice of the
usury, he is entitled to the full amount of
it. ((‘omp. Laws, Sec. 1634.) There is no
penalty for charging usury in this State-
and the only remedy for it is by way of
deduction, to the extent of the usury in-
cluded in the note or other contract.
when it is sought to be enforced. But
when it is once paidit cannot be reCover-
ed back. (10 Mich. 148.)

In some of the States there is a severe
penalty imposed for charging usury, and
the act is also made punishable as a mis-
In others the whole loan is

interest. is forfeited; while in Michigan
usury is simply uncollcctahle. But quite
a number of the States have wisely made
no provisions upon this subject, and have
left the parties to make such contracts as
they see fit respecting the use of money.
The price of money, like the price of any-
thing else, is fixed by the law of supply
and demand, and any human regulation
concerning it will be overridden by this
great natural law. If to charge over ten
per cent is usurious, parties will gladly, in
times when money is scarce and in great
demand. pay a bonus to whoever will get
it for them, or they will dodge the limita-
tion by some of the other numerous way 3
that a man pressed by necessity can readily
invent, and so the law will always fail

H. A. 11.

HOMES IN TEXAS &ARKANSAS

Low prices. Long credit. Rich agricultural and
grazing lands producing wheat, rye, oats, corn
cotton, grasses and all the choice fruits, near
schools, churches and railroads Cheap land ex-
cursions every month. For maps of Texas, Are
kansas, Missouri and Kansas, with ailinformation
address J. B. FRA,WLEY Pass. and Land Agent

Missouri Pacific R). Co., 109 Clark Street, Chicago
Illinois.

 

 

11- II
T—R ADE
MARKS. RIGHTS.
PRINTS S DESIGNS.
LABELS | RE-ISSUES

Send description of your invention L. BI I- VG-
IIAM, Pat. Lawye/ and Solicitor, Washington, 196'

PATENT Hand-Book FREE.
8. S. & A. P. LACEY,
Patent Att’ys, Washington, D. c.

f d bl ,1 to
P___LEISI N8 garters a; a: 5.2.3:.

Col. L. BINGHAM, Attorney,
Washington, D. C.

02-6 m-2ads
KENTUCKY

FARMS FOR SALE.

$10 to $3011er acre. Cata

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t

 

 
    
  

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TSist’tREl i.

 
     

 


 

THE HOUSEHOLD.

 

 

platen.

 

 

Controlling Increase.

At a late beekeeper’s meeting at Jeffer-
son, Ohio, a veteran apiarist said that
whereas at conventions the general talk
was on the subject of increasing stock;
the great and most foremost problem was
to prevent increase. It is easy enough, he
.said,by division to increase one colony to
ten, but among experienced apiculturists
the real question of interest has been to
keep all the bees raised in a hive, and
make them spend their strength in the
production of honey. If a man really
desires to increase the number of his
colonies they will multiply as fast or
faster than is good for them, without any
help.

Another speaker said that if bees are
allowed to exhaust their strength in
swarming, hives and other accessories are
needed, which cost more than the returns.
The colonies must be strong, or the busi-
ness will be unsatisfactory. He gave his

 

plan for making his colonies large, which 3
he said he had tried on twenty colonies f
last season:

“Colony No.1 swarms to—day, and I
hive it in the regular manner. To-mor— ;
row colony No. 2 sends off a swarm. I
move all queen cells from N o. 1, take out
two frames of brood, and put in their
place two sheets of foundation, and add
a half story on top for surplus honey, ‘
then hive new swarm from No. 2 in hive
No. 1. Next day N o. 3 sends out a swarm.
I prepare hive N0. 2 in the same manner
as described for N o. 1, and put swarm No.
3 into No. 2 hive. The frames of brood
taken out I use as nuclei for rearing
queens, or ten of them may be put to-
gether, and given a queen or queen cell. ,
I thus increase one colony for every five ;'
,sent out.” 1

_ Another of the apiarists said he had ,
had an increase of only seven colonies
from one hundred by simply cutting out
drone brood and giving plenty of room.
.___.__._._.____

J. M. HICKS, in the Grange Bulletin,
says a good prolific queen will always lay :
her eggs in close, concentric cells, and
but one egg in a cell. You will also find
both sides of the combs filled with eggs
and brood alike, which is sure evidence
of a fertile queen, which has mated with
a. drone. Never buy cheap queens believ-
ing them to be as good as the
high-priced queens. There is as great a
difference in the real value of queens
as in any other stock. One of the
most troublesome things for the apiarist
to contend with, is the pest called a
fertile worker, which is frequently very L

 

annoying to queen-breeders, as well as;
some who only keep a few colonies of

bees. You can always know when a hive _
is possessed with a fertile worker, by the

appearance of the brood in the combs,
which is always drone brood, and veryi
uneven, with many of the cells contain- j
ing from two to six eggs in each, as well 3
as several cells having none. I

. use without selling it.

IN 1882 the honey and beeswax trade
amounted to $32,000,000 dollars. The
annual product from each colony of bees
formerly did not average more than ten
pounds of honey; under improved

methods it is not uncommon to get from‘

50 to 100 pounds.
————.—...._._.

THE Bee Journal reminds apiarists that
it is now getting quite time to be making
arrangements for all the hives, founda-
tion, and other articles needed in the
apiary which require time to make and
get in readiness for the coming honey
harvest. If you fail to send your
orders to some responsible dealer in
proper time, you must not complain if
these necessary articles are not on hand
at the time when you need them most.

 

JAMES Hnnnon, of Dowagiac, in a re-
cent number of the Bee Journal says, in
response to a question as to whether it is
best to place screens over the entrances
to hives in the cellar to prevent the bees
from flying out, that if the bees find they
are imprisoned, they become excited, and
the excitement will aggravate dysentery
if it is present at the time. A wire cloth
box adjusted over the entrance, would
confine the bees to the hive and the box,
and do no harm, and perhaps accomplish
the purpose, but would make quite a bill

' of expense, if used upon many hives.

____..._.___

C. M. CLAY, in the Indiana Farmer
tells how he keeps his bees in good roomy
quarters. “My bee-room is in the attic
of my house, eight by ten feet in size,
with door opening into ante-rooms and
the exit through windows with the glass
darkened with paint. Till this year, for
the last three years, I took but little honey
from the hives. But this was a favorable
season, and I cut (the first cold weather)

; about 40 pounds of nice honey from each

of the rooms, this being as much as I can
I must have left
160 pounds on the outsides of the gums,
besides the inner stores, It was amagniti—
cent sight with the combs running as high
as my head. The bees seem to have in-
creased all three years, and if they have
swarmed I don’t know the fact. I con
tinue the jars with sweets hung on the
walls below the grape—vines, and I think
they save the bees in part from moths, as
many are thus caught: For a few years
I have also covered‘ the whole gums
and comb with blankets during the cold
weather, which I think has a good effect,
allowing the bees to cluster on the out-

': son & Atkinson, solicitors for

 

side comb and eat the honey after the ;
inner stores are exhausted or reserved by ‘

them. The ingenuity of the bees is here
very marked; in one room they built the
comb into a series of arches, thus making
it stronger on the outside of the gums,

; and in the other room they made a solid

sheet of comb as large as an ordinary
writlng table, so as to protect all the outer
combs from the cold air, next the place of
exit.
Physicians Prescribe in Epilepsy.
“I prescribe it in my practice," is the ex—
pressmu used by Dr. J. A. Patmore, of Riley,

1nd. He referred to Samaritan Nev-vine, and
further along says: “It curcs epileptic tits.”

 

. world. Fortunes await the workers

MORTGAGE SALE.-—Default having been
made in the conditions of a certain indenture
of mortga e, executed by Martha S. Denton to
Rebecca enriques, both of Ann Arbor, Michi an,
hearing date the twenty-fourth (igy of Decem er,
A. D. 1873, and recorded in the 0 cc of the Regis-
ter of Deeds for the County of W- yne, in liber 84
of Mortgages, on page 111, and assigned to Ed-
ward D. Kinne on the fifth day of J anuary, A. D.
1876, which assignment is recorded in the office
aforesaid, in liber 13 of assignments of mortgages
on page 229, and by which default the power of
sale contained in said mortgage having become
operative, and no suit or proceedings at aw or in
c ancery having been instituted to recover the
amount due on said mortgage or the note accom-
panying the same, and there being new claimed!»

9 ue on said note and mortgage the sum of one
thousand, four, hundred and thirty-five dollars
($1,485) : Notice is therefore 'hereby 0then that
said mort age will be foreclosed on FRIDAY, the
SEVENT DAY OF MARCH, A. D. 1884. at
twelve o‘clock noon of that day, by sale at public
auction to the highest bidder at the east front
door of the City Hall in the City of Detroit, in
the County of Wayne, (said City Hall being the
place of holding the Circuit Court for said County)
of the premises described in said mort e, or so
much thereof as may be necessary to satisfy the
amount due on sai mortgage with reasonable
costs and expenses; which premises are describ-
ed in said mortgage as follows: All that certain

iece or game] of land situated in the City of De-
roit, an State of Michigan, and known, bounded
and described as follows, to wit: Lot number
one hundred and live (105) north of Fort Street,
Lambert Beaubien farm, Detroit, according to the
recorded plat thereof.

EDWARD D. KINNE, Aseignee.
Dated December 3d, 1883.

TATE 0F MICHIGAN—The Circuit Court
for the County of Wayne. In Chancery.

At a session of said Court, held at the Circuit
Court room in the City of Detroit, on the seventh
day of February in the year one thousand eight
hundred and eighty~four. Present: Hon. John J.
lapsed, Circuit Judge. Anna K. Scheisler vs.

ichael Scheisler. It appearing in due form by
affidavits filed in said cause that said defendantis
a resident of the State of Michigan, that the sub—
poena issued in said cause was returned in due
time unserved, by reason of his continual absence
from his place of residence, on motion of Atkin—
said complainant,
it is ordered that said defendant, Michael Scheis-
ler, appear in said cause and answer the bil
filed therein on or before May 7th, 1884, and that
said order be published in the MICHIGAN Fanmnn,
a newspaper printed in said countv once a week
for six successive weeks and that such publica~
tion be commenced within twenty days from this
date. JOHN J. SPEED, Circuit Judge.

Dated February 7th, 1884.

A true copy:
WM. P. LANE, Deputy Register in Chancery.

ORTGAGE SALE—On the 12th day of
June 1875, Patrick McInerne and Anne Mc-
Inerney gave to Wayne County gavings Bank a
mortgage on lots number 273 and 274 of Crane and
Wesson‘s section of the Jones or Loignon farm,
so-called, in Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan.
Said morgage was recorded in the Register's of-
fice of the County of Wayne, State of Michigan, in
liber 119 of mortgages, on page 6, on the filth day
of June, 1875. It was assigned on the 7th day of
November, 1883, by said Wayne County Savings
Bank to Richard Cahalan, the undersigned. There-
is now due on it $158 13. Notice is hereby given»
that by virtue of the power of sale in said mort-
gage, I shall on the TWENTY—SECOND DAY
OF MARCH, 1884, at 12 o‘clock noon, sell said
premises at public vendue, at the west front door-
of the City Hall, on Griswold Street. Detroit,
Michigan, the place for holding the Circuit Court
for the county in which said premises are situated.
Dated December 18, 1883.
RICHARD CAHALAN,
Assigncc of said Mitigage.
ATKINSON <8: Arninson,
Attorneys for Richard Cahalan.
1: December 6, 1872, Louis Feys and Mari Fcys
gave toWilliam Meulenbroeck a mortga e on lot
four of Crane & Wesson‘s section of the orsyth
farm, being in section fourteen of said farm, in
Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan. Said mort—
gage was recorded in the Register's office for
said County of Wayne, on December 9, .1372, in
liber 88 of mortgages, on page 4‘35. It was assign-
ed June 22, 1881, to James J. Atkinson. There is
now due on it $603. Notice is hereby given that
by virtue of the power of sale in said mort ave, I
shall on the FOLRTH DAY OF APRIL, 15383, at
12 o’clock noon, sell said premises at public ven-
due at the Griswold street entrance to the City
Hall, in Detroit, the place for holding the Circui
Court for said County of Wayne.
ligaMES J. ATKINSON.

 

 

 

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