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DETROIT, APRIL 15, 1884.

 

 

THE HQUSEHQLmnaagupplement.

 

 

AN IDEAL WOMAN.

 

She was my peer:
No weakling girl, who would surrender will
And life and reason, with her loving heart,
To her possessor, no soft, clinging thing
Who would find breath alone within the arms
or a strong master, and obediently
Wait on his will in slavish carefulness;
No fawning, cringing spaniel to attend
His rcyal pleasure, and account herself
Rewarded by his pats and pretty words,
But a sound woman, who, with insight keen,
Had wrought a scheme of life, and measured well
Her womanhood; had spread before her feet
A fine philosophy to guide her steps;
Had won a fa th to which her life was brought
In strict a 'justment—bra‘n and heart meanwhile
Working in conscious harmony and rhythm
With the great scheme of God‘s great universe

0n toward her being's end.
—Holland.

THE HORSE FOR THE FARMER’S
WIFE.

 

 

We see a good deal in agricultural jour
nals about the best horse for the farmer,
its qualifications 1n the matter of speed,
weight, and the like, but none of us can
recollect seeing anywhere mention of the
best horse for the farmer's wife. Proba-
bly some wou'd-be wit would reply that
the clothes-horse would be a safe animal,
and one she could manage successfully.
It is generally conceded that a woman has
certain inalienable r1ghts and privileges
as regards domestic animals. That is,
she has a perfect right to feed the calves;
the privilege of feeding the pigs is not un-
frequently vouchsafed her; the mother—
less lamb' 1s often “hers ” till market day
comes—when the money it brings lsn ’t, -—
and some men think lovely woman looks
her loveliest with a milk pail in one hand
and a one-legged stool in the other, as she
endeavors to fascinate the family cow by
a persuasive “ So boss!” But so far as
the nobler animal, the horse, is concern-
ed, as a general rule she has no rights
which a husband is bound to respect.
She may occasionally, as a great favor, be
allowed to draw rein over some ancient
equine, with both fore—feet in a meta.
phorical grave, and set out for town in
the “ one hoss shay,” at a snail’s pace, to
take the dust of everything on the road,
and wish she had stayed home before she
gets fairly started. Some men will let
three or four horses stand in the stable
idle, while their wives are just longing
for a trip across country to a friend’s, to a
neighborhood gathering, or for a breath
of air outside their own farm, yet a re-
quest for such mild recreation is met by a
sarcastic reminder that horses need rest
as well as people, or the assertion that

 

they “can’t drive.” And the horses
stand in the barn and “ eat their heads
off” in idleness, and the women stay at
home, which the Reverend Morgan Dix
says is the place for them.

As regards the “can’t drive ” part, we
must confess there is no small truth in
the statement, when we see women sit-
ting up in a carriage, a rein in each hand.
their hands held well up, nearly to the
chin, flapping the reins on the horse’s
back and chirping or otherwise encourag-
ing the amiable quadruped, (amiable, be
cause a horse must be pretty good-natur-
ed to allow such a “circus” without
“ kicking ”). A good many women can’t
drive a horse; they hold the reins and
think they are doing the driving, when
the horse is really managing himself and
fully aware of it. Next there is an acci-
dent, a‘hd “a woman can’t manage a
horse.”

Well, if she can’t, why can’t she? Sim
ply because she never had the chance to
learn, and because no one ever gave her
any instructions as to the proper way to
hold the reins and manage the whip, nor
taught her that the way to control one
horse may not answer with another. She
is frightened out of her seven senses if a
hard bitted animal does not “come down”
at a slight turn of her wrist, and curbs a
tender- mouthed one till he is white with
foam, because no one hinted the propriety
of taking that one minute’s observation
on starting up, which would have told
her whether to drive with a tight or loose
rein. The harness is to her a mysterious
complication of straps and buckles, which
may or may not have a purpose in their
ex‘stence, and if anything gives way, she
is “ all broke up ” as well as the harness.
A woman who cannot harness a horse on
occa-ion has no business to drive; she
needs to know the uses of the various
parts, so that in case of breakage or acci-
dent she will know what to do. Awoman
with any spirit herself does not crave the
job of driving the superannuated denizen
of the stables generally known as the
“women’s horse,” and kept because of
that eminently honorable and just feeling
that it is disgraceful to turn off a faithful
servant in his old age; she enjoys With a
zest akin to a man’s the handling of a
spirited and intelligent animal. And she
is generally a more merciful driver than
mankind,and it is well that this is so, for
though it never hurts a horse to sweat
under masculine management, such evi-
dence of exercise is severely frowned

upon when a Woman has held the reins.
It would seem as if it ought to be a part

of the practical education of every farm-
er’s daughter to harness, unharness and
drive a horse. It should be taught her as
well as the boys. After having been prop-
erly taught, there is no reason why she
should not be trusted to drive as well as
her brothers. It is selfish and inconsid-
erate in “ the powers that be” to refuse
the use of a horse, when not employed in
farm work, to the “women folks.”
Women on the farm are restricted, by the
very nature of things, in their social privi-
leges; there should be no added depriva‘
tions through the perversity of husbands
and fathers. Every farmer ought to keep
at least one horse that the women of his
family can drive. Aside from the pleas-
ure afforded them, it would often be a
convenience to him in busy times.

We would be glad to have some of our
good horsemen give us a few plain,
straight-forward, practical directions for
the driving and management of the horse
through the Household, and we hope
some of them will accept this invitation.

BEA {‘RIX.

“—0—.—._-
A HAPPY MEDIUM.

 

Oh for wisdom to be wise! To say just
enough, not a whit too much! A few
weeks since I read in the Household that
the good housekeeper wore laurels that
were precious; that to her we should rev-
erently how our heads, that if she be “a
good cook she is commander-in-chief of
all social forces, and deserves a place in
the heaven of heavens.” My enthusiasm
on the subject, and my ambition for
laurels led me to double my dil1gence, to
rise early in the morning, and with an
anxious. careful brow give everything an
extra brush, shake. rub, smoothing down,
and pressing togethe I at once began
to bake E. S. B.’s bread, and try a variety
of new recipes for pics, cakes, puddings,
etc. Our bread was delightful, and we
enjoyed several good dinners. I began
to dream of future rewards, and to think
I was happy.

Two weeks passed, then came the
crushing article with the statement that
“ the woman who spends so much of her
time with the trlvial details of her house,
will dwarf her mind, and will become a
mere automaton.”

What a victim of deluded hope I had
been! Instead of laurels, the badge of
the culprit seemed more appropriate. I
seemed so narrow minded, I began to
wonder if the neighbors were talking of a.
my wasted intellect. After giving myself

 

a severe castigation for lost opportuni’

 


. . .,V.,..M_ “.0“... .__
. . ms. .- .,........ ”a... WNW-«m 9-..»,

 

 

2 THE HOUSEHOLD.

 

ties, with the spirit of Uriah Heep. Ii
stretched forth my hand and brought the g
article once more before my downcastl
eyes, that I might re-read and make neces-
sary preparations for beginning a new
life. '

This timeI noticed for the first the sen-
tence: “No woman has any business to
forget that she has a brain and heart as
well as hands.” How thankful I felt that
the word heart was inserted there! A
sense of relief came over me, a little self—
esteem came back. My heart had not be-
come withered. It was true I had not
read much: ’twas true I’d not written
much, but every day’s work had been
broken by a few resting hours. My rest~
ing had been devoted to darning, and
amusing and entertaining and enjoying
my children.

I will leave it to the mothers to decide,
whether there is anything of love devel-
oped in the heart of both mother and
child, by a cheerful and frequent response
to the earnest and oft repeated request of
a four-year-old, “Won’t you read to me,
mamma?” “Won’t you tell me a story,
mamma?"

Is it right, if your morning hours are
occupied by household duties, when you
Sit down in the afternoon and your little
daughter, one and a half years old, climbs
into your lap almost before you are seat-
ed, with the petition to “Bye 10 baby,
mamma?” to push her away and say,
“Mamma must read an hour.” or “Go
away, mamma must write?” I will con-
fess to the weakness of yielding a good
many times to the pleading of those love-
ly eyes (not the eyes of an angel, but of a
veritable little mischief,) and being he-
guiled from an honest intention to write,or
to leave unread some desirable article. To
be real plain in my speech, I’ve played.
when work was not necessary. Now tell
me, ye good housekeepers, good cooks,
and dear, wise Beatrix, where shall I be
classed when the great day of reckoning

shall come? F. E. W.
Causes, April 8th.

THE LAND OF FLOWERS.

As if to render visions of the “Sunny
South” more enchanting, the mercury in-
dicated 20 deg. below zero, when we hov—
ered shiveringly about the hot coal fire,
waitingforthe train, that January morn-
ing in Cincinnati. We were all bound
for Florida, the “land of flowers,” and
forgot we were strangers in our eloquent
expressions to each other concerning the
fair prospect so soon to greet our eyes.
How the ladies reveled in morning walks
beneath golden fruited trees and amid
trailing vines and blossoming plants.
growing in lavish and wild profusion!
Had not newspapers and guide books told
them of the tropical scenery, the bright
plumaged birds and ever-blossoming
flowers, which made Florida the Paradise
of America? How the gentlemen talked
learnedly of a soil which was only to be
“tickled with a hoe to laugh with a
harvest,” and of orange groves and pine-
apple plantations, dotted by occasional
cocoanut palms and nodding palmettosl Is
it any wonder that with such an ticipations,

the train seemed intolerably slow, and
that we looked with half indifferent eye
upon the panorama we could view from
the car window? As we glided on through
cotton fields and grand pine forests of
southern Georgia, not far from the
Florida line, it did strike us asa trifle odd
that sealskin cloaks and arctic overshoes
were so comfortable, but then that wasn’t
Florida! When the porter announced
“Over the line,” the wonder grew, and
a strange look crept over the faces as we
daz‘edly asked of each other, “Can this
be Florida?” Florida it surely was, and
we looked out upon tall pines, and clus-
ters of low scrubby p lmettos, upon long
stretches of swamp, the black water and
decaying logs suggestive of snakes and
alligators. Mile after mile, hour after
hour, and no change in temperature or
scenery, till just as a discouraged silence
settled upon the inmates of the “ Celtic,”
the train pulled slowly into the depot at
Jackson ville. Hurriedly collecting wraps
and parcels, we rushed out only to be met
by a chilling air, and a babel of voices.
calling out the names of a score or more
hotels. At last we find ourselves in a
coach, breathless from the struggle and
thoroughly chilled, struggling to a hotel
somewhere in the dimly lighted distance.
Now we turn into apaved street, brilliant
with gas and electric lights shining from
gay shops and great hotels, to one of
which we seek admission. “No room.”
We drive to another, the same answer, to
another advertised as “first class in all
respects,” and receive the cheerful tidings
that two of the best rooms are just vacat-
ed. The parlor looks very cozy with its
two bright fires about Which are grouped
so many guests we cannot get near
enough to get warm, so we ascend to our
chamber and feel the first wave of home-
sickness, as we view the “ elegant room‘s.”
Furniture which once was new, the bed
surrounded by suggestive mosquito net~
ting, an untidy fireplace, and cracked
water-pitcher, and curtainless windows,
through which scame chilling draughts
of air. We remonstrated, and were met
by the calm reply: “What can you ex-
pectin a cheap hotel where they charge
only four dollars per day.” We gave It
up and staid—because we could do no
better at that time.

Enthusiasm somewhat revived during
our walk next morning, when we strolled
down astreet shaded by mammoth live
oaks, draped in long waving wreaths of
gray moss, that gave the town a strange,
half mournful aspect. The walk however
was not a long one, for we soon became
fatigued, wading through the light shift-
ing sand which constitutes the soil of
Florida. ,

The trip to St. Augustine by rail is ex-
ceedingly monotonous, as indeed is all
journeying through the State. Imagine
a low, flat, sandy plain, covered by cab-
bage palmettos, a few live oaks, whose
foliage is concealed by the inevitable
grey moss, scattered yellow pine, and a
few scrub oaks, varied by long stretches
of dense dismal looking swamp, and you
have a true picture of the “ Land of Flow:

 

ers.” Though we searched diligently all
over the State, not a wild flower did we

find in this famous flowery State, while
“ golden fruited trees ” were mainly con-
fined to private gardens, and few of
them.

St. Augustine is chiefly interesting be-
cause the oldest town in the United
States, having been founded by the
Spanish in 1565. The railroad station is

'some distance from the miniature city,

and the air of serene old age which ling-
ers about it is undisturbed by locomotives
and railway bustle. As you enter. the
first thing that strikes you as peculiar
is the narrowness of the streets, and the
ban ging balconies,which seem charmingly
quaint. Treasury Street is only seven
feet wide, and tradition says that in the
old days lovers whispered tender vows
across the narrow chasm from latticed
windows. The old houses, generally built
so close to the street as to encroach upon
it, are constructed of coquina, a solid
conglomeration of minute shells and sand,
and along with great heavy doors, with
their ponderous brass knockers, give the
exterior abarren and forbidding appear-
ance. You forget it, however, the moment
you peep into the court or back yard,
where orange trees and fragrant roses
present a semi-tropical scene.

In the center of the city and extending
to the sea wall, is the Plaza, not large,
but affording a pleasant promenade.
Here still stands the old slave market,
where not many years ago the traflic in
human souls was carried on. Here also are
two fine monuments, one erected in 1812
to commemorate the “Spanish Liberal
Constitution,” and the other in memory of
the Confederate soldiers of St. Augustine
who fell in the late war. The old Spanish
cathedral, completed in 1793, faces the
Plaza, and is odd, ugly and dirty. It has
a Moorish belfry, with four bells set in
separate niches, one of them bearing the
date 1682. Perhaps they chimed sweetly
once, but now when rung for vespers
strangers invariably get the impression
the whole town is in flames. Lovers of
history will pay reverent visit to the
military cemetery, where under three
white pyramids rest the ashes of brave
Major Dade and his one hundred and
seven comrades. On the opposite side, at
the northeastern end of. the town, and
covering an area of four acres, stands old
fortSan Morco,rechristened Marion. It
is built of coquina, on the plan of a castle
in the Middle Ages of Europe, having a.
wide moat, and its main entrance by a
drawbridge. Over the doorway of the
entrance is sculptured the Spanish coat
of arms. Inside there are twenty-seven
casemates, all of them dark, damp and
mouldy. Under the northwest bastion a
dungeon and two iron cages containing
human bones have been discovered. We
did not visit it, but instead, toiled up the
broken and well worn stone stairway
leading to the parapets, and thence as-
cended to one of the quaint little round
towers which surmount the corner of
each bastion, and from Whichasuperb
view of the city, the channel, Anastasia-
Island lying between it and‘the ocean,
can be obtained. Here we lingered long-

 

looking over the beautiful scene, un-

 


 
 

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mindful of a pair of whispering lovers
who east side glances in our direction, as
a gentle hint for our departure. Slowly
the sun descended, and for a moment a
rosy glow faintly illumined the white
walls of the old town. One by one the
stars 'peeped forth till a myriad host
gemmed the‘sky, and a full moon flooded
the earth with her silvery light, bringing
into bold relief the lurking shadows.
Under the spell of her influence, we
silently wended our way homeward along
the top of the broad sea wall, our senses
soothed by the distant roar of the ocean.
and charmed by the subtle beauty of a
semi-tropical night. I. F. N.
Dn'raor'r, April 8, ’84.

 

FASHION GLEANINGS.

 

Wherever two materials are used in a
dress, they must be of the same color in
the groundwork; thus one may be plain,
the other figured on the same color; or
one fine stripe, the other with brocade
figures on the striped ground. If plaids
are used, they form the drapery on skirts
which are of the predominant color of the
plaid. Combinations of two colors in the
same costume are no longer seen.

The fashionable basque is still the
postition, with very full double or triple
pleatsinthe back, short sides and pointed
front. The sleeve is set in to give the
high-shouldered effect which has been
popular for a year past, and the effort to
supercede the glove-fitting tight sleeve
has signally failed. Cuffs are very narrow
and simple; the sleeve is out long enough
at the wrist to turn over as a cuff, and is
faced with the goods or that used for
trimming. The high standing collar
meets in front, and the full shirred vest
which has been described in these
columns, the plain vest of velvet, and the
surplice front, pleated into the shoulder
seams and gathered at the waist, are
features of the new spring dresses. But
tons are quite small, and quite inconspic-
uous, being generally hidden by the un-
iversal vest.

Polonaises, never quite out of fashion.
are more in favor at the moment. The
Fedora polonaise and its modifications
figure in fashion plates, but make the
figure too shapeless to be generally liked.
It has a full front confined loosely by
ribbons. The favorite is a princesse
polonaise, with a pointed basque front.
Sometimes the back breadths, which are
very full, and in case of silks or other
light weight goods, lined with stiff lawn,
are box pleated to the basque back.

Dress skirts seem to be wider and more
full, but this is simulated by the trim
mings which are put upon the founda~
tion skirt, the latter being not more than
two and three~eighths yards wide. The
foot of the skirt is almost invariably
furnished with a narrow frill or pleating.
Over this falls the full skirt, which more
than ever consists of lengthwise pleatings.
either the favorite kilt. or single, double
or triple box’ pleats. What is called the
accordion skirt, is a new way of adding
to the merchant’s profits. It consists of
Very fine shallow pleats laid very closely
together, almost on top of each other,

 

       

something in the style in which we crimp
a rufiie. These are held very loosely by a
thread; when the skirt is taken up it falls
apart after the fashion of the exquisite
musical instrument from which it takes
its name. Directions for arranging drap
ery were given in the Household of Feb-
urary l2th and 19th, and there is nothing
new to relate, except that “ the latest” is
to let the back breadths, which are very
full, hang straight from the belt to the
bottom of the dress. They are arranged
in two triple box pleats, with an erect
heading at the top, which is fastened over
the end of the basque; The drapery may
be quite long or very short, as suits the
style of the wearer.

Short visites and mantles will be most
popular for spring wear. They will be
quite dressy little affairs, being profusely
trimmed with lace, passementerie, or the
handsome chenille fringe so stylish at
present. Many of these mantles are quite
long in front and short in the back, and
have the high shouldered effect now a
feature of all costumes. The shoulder
capes which we are to wear again this
season, have shoulder pieces set in like
the top part of a sleeve, which are failed
to give the same high appearance.
Jackets of Jersey webbing are more or-
dinary street wear; the Jerseys are very
popular and very useful in wearing out
made-over dress skirts. Many of the
handsomest ones are elaborately braided
or ornamented with jet. The webbing
can be bought by the yard and the basque
cut from it if preferred, but must be cut
smaller, and is unlined.

Velvet in the piece is preferred to rib-
bon Velvet for trimmings, though the lat
ter is not supereeded. Box-pleated skirts
are often trimmed with several rows of
velvet ribbon, sewed on before pleating.
Tucks are sometimes used. The new
satin cord and jet pygmenteries are ex-
quisite, but highpricéa, from $2 50 to
$3 75 and $5 per yard. Very handsome
chenille fringe costs from $1 25 upwards.
Lace, in imitation of thread designs, will
be much worn, especially upon silk and
nun’s veiling dresses. -

We note the revival of the old fashioned
Garibaldi waist for cotton dresses; some-
what modified, however, for it is shirred
on the shoulder, front and back. Yokes
are much affected for all wash materials.
White dresses trimmed with embroidery
have the yoke and upper part of the
sleeve (which is so wide that the under
part is a mere strip) cut from solid em
broidery.

 

ECONOMICAL PRACTICES.

 

I have read the article in relation to
economy, in the Household. What is
said is true, still the writer does not give
any definite instructions in regard to the
literal practice of economy. There is a
nice distinction between economy and
parsimony, between waste and saving,
between an extravagant purchase and a

judicious outlay. It is difficult always to

draw the line, still for the encouragement
bf all who sincerely desire to get and
maintain the true position, I would say I
elieve we can always find the path that

 

THE HOUSEHOLD. , 3

avoids the precipice on one side and the
slough on the other. Probably most of
your readers have read about the hundreds
or thousands of cords of the best pine
wood used every year for matches. I
once read of a very rich man, I think it
was Astor, who reprimanded his son se-
verely because he threw away a match that
was burned only at one end. Shortly af-
ter he heard that one of his ships was lost
at sea and accepted the news with perfect
equanimity. The reason is evident. The
utmost human forethought could not pre-
vent the occasional loss of a vessel at sea,
whereas throwing away part of a match
is a needless waste. Perhaps some of
your readers have noticed the extravagant
use of matches at hotels. It seems as if
people endeavor to see how many they can
use without any regard to value; Now in
our family we endeavor to save them.
There are constantly on hand soft wood
shavings that are made evenings without
comparative cost, and when a candle or
lamp is lighted a shaving is used, and in
the winter there are days that we do not
use more than one match a day; thus
there is a little saving to the family, to
the nation, and to the world, because pine
timber will some time be scarce. A match
is a small thing, yet numbers of them
make a wagon load. “ Hethatis faithful
in that which is least is faithful in much.”
E. HAFF.
Fries.

MORE HOP YEAST BREAD.

 

 

Ihave just read the last Household all
throigh, and Beatrix’s article twice; I can
hold my peace no longer. “Just praise is
a. debt,” and I think the Household just
perfect. The members are all sensible.
The size is so nice, I just keep them in
my pocket till I read them, then put them
away for future reference. I wish I could
tell you how much I enjoy them. I begin
to feel as if farmers’ wives were of some
importance and could have more than a
corner of the paper. Then, too, I want to
thank Beatrix for all the good words she
has written; they have done me worlds of
good, cheered and strengthened me many
times. I hope “Tom’s Wife” will write
often; I am'going to make her tidies.

I will tell you my way to make hop
yeast bread, which has never failed once,
is very white, m ist and light; then, too,
it takes so little time and is always ready
at short notice. I prepare the yeast by
taking the potatoes left from dinner (the
more the better) say at least three teacup-
fuls; mash, add one teaspoonful each of
salt and sugar to a cup, soften two yeast
cakes With as little water as possible, mix
with potatoes and let stand twelve hours.
For the bread I sift my flour, then scald
with one pint hot water, cool with one
pint cold or more if you wish, add all the
yeast but one cup, mix the bread into a
lirge loaf and let rise, when light, mould,
put in tins, let rise and bake. If you wish
biscuit that are very nice, and everybody
will ask how you can make such lovely
biscuit, and all the men will tell their
wives to learn how you make them, just
save some of the bread dough after the
first rising, shorten with butter and lard

 

mixed. put away till very light, then


 

2

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

THE HOUSEHOLD.

 

 

ties. 'with tlte spirit of Uriah ll‘ecp. I
s retchcd forth my hand and brought the
article once more before my downcxtst
eyes, that I :11i5;llti‘t'-t‘ctt<.l21ml makctn
prcptu'ations for I)(‘g§lllillli;_§ a

,

.,.,

\ .V.‘.

t
It

L‘IV

This timcl notized forthe lirst the sen
tence: " _\'o woman has any busintss to
forget that she has a brain and hernias
Well as hands." llow thankful i felt that
the word heart was inserted little: A
t e of relief Ctiliif.’ or 1r me. a little self-
estecm came back. My heart, had not he
come withered. It was true I had not
read much; 'twas true I‘d not written
much. but every days work had b-cn
broken by a few resting hours. My I‘t‘Hl~
in: had been devoted to (lttl‘lilittf. and
amusing and entertaining and enjoying
my children.

I will leave it to the mothers to decide.
whether there is anything of love devel-
oped in the heart of both mother and
child by a cheerful and frequent response
to the earnest and oft repeated retptest of
a four-year-old. “Won‘t you read to me.
mamma‘." "Won‘t you. it‘ll me a story.
tnatrtnta‘."'

Is it right. if your inornitg hours are
e: cupied by llt‘tlst'lltlltl duties. when you
: )“'D in the afternoon and your little

tinnghter, one and a half years old, climbs .
into your lap almost before you are seat~ ,

ed, with the petition to " lye lo baby,
uranium?" to push her away and sav,
“ )I'tmma must read an hour." or
away. mainma must write?" I will con-

fess to the weakness of yielding a good
many times to the pleading of those lo vc»

ly eyes tnot the eyes of an angel, but of a
veritable little mischief,) and being he.
guilcd from an honest intention to writoor
to leave unread Some desirable article. To
be real plain in my speech, I've played.
when work was not necessary. Now tell
me, ye good housekeepers, good cooks.

and dear. wise Beatrix. where shall I be ‘

classed when the great day of reckoning
shall come? F. ii. W.
Cuersng, April tith.

 

 

THE LAND OF FLO‘VERS.
As if to render visions of the “Sunny
South” more enchanting. the mercury in

waiting forthe train, that January morn
ing in Cincinnati. \Ve Were all bound
for Florida, the "land of flowers,” and

forgot we. were strangers in our eloquent '

expressions to each other concerningr the

trailing vines and blossoming,r plants.

growing in lavish and wild profusionf

Had not newspapers and guide booltstold
them ofthe tropical scenery, the bright
plumaged birds and ever blossoming
flowers, which made Florida the Paradise
of America? How the gentlemen talked
learnedly of a soil which was only to be

t. (it).

' NCt‘lli‘l'

C (if :tlt‘.
j by tltc calm reply: “What can you ex-
? pect in a cheap hotel where they charge

_ up
dicated 20 deg. below zero, when we. hov- .
cred shiveringiy about the hot coal tire. -

the
lli'li.
u

train seemed intolerably slow, and
we looked with half indifferent eye
the panorama we could view from
the ctr window As weglided on through
cutie-n tit-ids. and grand pine forests of

Hcorgia, not. far from the
Honda line. it did strike us asa trifle odd
that sealskiu cloaks and arctic overshoes
“cl‘e so cotitt‘ortable, butthcn that wasn’t
Florida? \» hen the porter announced
"chr the line,‘ the wonder grew, and
it strange look crept over the faces as we
tlthe-diy asked of C'iii'il other, “Can this
Florida it surely was, and
we looked out upon tall pines, and clus-
ters of lam serubby p llIICLIOS, upon long
strt-tcht s i swamp. the black water and
decaying logs suggestive of snakes and
alligators. Mile :tt'ter ntile. hour after

‘mr
lhvtl

i-Z'tilliit'lli

be “t'Ul'ltllt

' hour. and no change in temperature or

y. till just as a discouraged silence
settled upon the inmates of the “ Celtic,”
the train pulled slowly into the depot at
.l;t(’i~1~.)'ti ville. llttrriedly collecting wraps
and Ital't't-la‘. we rushed out only to be met
by a chilling air, and a babel of voices.
ezzllzne out the names of a score or more
hotels. At last we rind ourselves in a
coach, breathless froth the struggle and
thormtghly chilled, struggling to 1. hotel

. somewhere in the ditnly lighted distance.

Now we turn into apaved street. brilliant
with has and electric lights shining front
gay shops and great hotels, to one of
which we seek minds-ion. "No room.”
‘:‘c drive to another. the sam * answer, to

another advertised as “first class in all

respects." and tecciVe Eliecaeerful tidings
that two of the best rooms are just vacat-
ed. The pa lor looks very cozy with its

‘ tWo bright tires about which are grouped

so many guests we cannot get near

‘nough to ge Warm. so we ascend to our .
‘ chamber and feel the first wave of home-

|‘

sickness, as we View the elegantr*()0ms.”
Furniture which once was new, the bed
surrounded by suggestive mosquito net-
ting. an untidy fireplace, and cracked
water-pitcher. an .1 curtainless windows,
through which came chilling draughts
We remonstrated, and were met

only four dollars pcrday.” \Ve gave if
d staid—because we could do no
)L‘l a‘. that time.
lyn nusiasm somewhat revived during
our w alk next morning. when We stroller]
down a street shaded by mammoth live
oaks. draped in long,r waving wreaths of
gray moss, that gave the town a strange,

21
t

,~¢

1‘:
J‘
l

I
t

3 half mournt'ui aspect. The walk however
fair prospect so soon to greet. our cy es. .
How the ladies reveled in morning walks "
beneath golden fruited trees and amid '

was not a long one, for we soon became
fatigued, wading through the light shift-
ing sand which constitutes the soil of
Florida.

The trip to St. Augustine by rail is ex-
ceedingly monotonous, as indeed is all
journeyingthrougb the State. Imagine
a low. flat, sandy plain, covered by cab-

‘ page paitncttos, a few live oaks, whose.

“ticklerl with a hoe to lauga with a'

arvest," and of orange groves and pine
apple plantations. dotted by neeasiona]

eocoanutpalms and noddingpalmettosl Is ‘

it any wonder that with such anticipations,

foliage is concealed by the inevitable
grey moss, scattered yellow pine, and a

't
l
l
l
l
I
l

l

l

few scrub oaks, varied by long stretches J

of (chJSe dismal looking swamp, and you i
, have a true picture ofthe “ Land of Flow- 1 .
Though We searched diligently all can be obtained. Here we lingered long
l over the State, not a wild flower did we I looking" over the beautiful scene. un-

n

(TS.

 

ad in this famous flowery State, while
“golden fruited trees” were mainly con-
fined to private gardens, and few of
them.

St. Augustine is chiefly interesting be
cause the oldest town in the United
States, having been founded by the
Spanish in 1565. The railroad station is
some distance front the miniature city,
and the air of serene old age which ling
ers about it isttndisturbcd bylocomotives
and railway bustle. As you enter. the
first thing that strikes you as peculiar
is the narrowness of the streets. and the
hangingbalconies.whichseemcharmingly
quaint. Treasury Street is only seven
feet wide, and t'adition says that in the.
old days low-rs whispered tender vows
across the narrow chasm front lattieed
windows. The old houses. generally built.
so close to the street as to encroach upon
it, are constructed of courtina, a solid
conglonteration of minute shells and sand,
and along with great heavy doors, with
their ponder-oils brass knockers. give the
exterior a barren and forbidding appear-
ance. You forget it. however, the moment
you peep into the court or back yard,
where orange trees and fragrant roses
present a scmi~tropical scene.

In the center of the city and extending
to the sea wall. is the Plaza, not large,
but affording a pleasant promenade.
I'lere still stands the 01d slave market.
where not many years ago the traffic in
human souls was carried on. Here also are
two line monuments, one erected in 1812
to commemorate the “Spanish Liberal
Constitution,” and the other in memory of
the Confederate soldiers of St. Augustine
who fell in the late war. The old Spanish
cathedral, completed in 1793, faces the
Plaza, and is odd, ugly and dirty. It has
a Moorish belfry, with four bells set in
separate niches, one of them bearing the
date 1682. Perhaps they chimed sweetly
once, but now when rung for vespers
strangers invariably get the impression
the whole town is in flames. Lovers of
history will pay reverent visit to the
military cemetery. where under three
white pyramids rest the ashes of brave
Major Dade and his one hundred and
seven comrades. On the opposite side, at
the northeastern end of the town, and
covering an area of four acres, stands old
fort San Morco,rechristened Marion. It
is built of coquina, on the plan of a castle
in the Middle Ages of Europe, having a.
wide moat, and its main entrance by a
drawbridge. Over the doorway of the
entrance is sculptured the Spanish coat,
of arms. Inside there are twenty-seven
casematcs. all of them dark, damp and
mouldy. Under the northwest bastion a
dungeon and two iron cages containing
human bones have been discovered. We
did not visit it. but instead, toiled tip the
broken and well worn stone stairway
leading to the parapets, and thence as-

‘ cended to one of the quaint little round

towers which surmount the corner of
each bastion, and from whichasuperb
view of the city, the channel, Anastasia
Island lying between it and the ocean,


*5

Ent'r'a

l]

111%1

D

)f

:e
'6

at

ld
[t

 

T H E LEI 0 Ur S 113 H C) L I) . 3

 

mindful of a. pair of whispering lovers
who east side glances in our direction, as
a gentle hint for our departure. Slowly
the sun descended, and fora moment a
rosy glow faintly illumincd the white
walls of the old town. One by one the
stars peeped forth till a myriad host
gemmed the sky, and a full moon flooded
the earth with her silvery light. bringing
into bold relief the lurking shadows.
Under the spell of her influence, we
silently wended our way homeward along:
the top of the broad sea wall, our senses
soothed by the distant roar of the ocean.
and charmed by the subtle beauty of a
semitropieal night. 1_ p, x.
DErisorr, April it. ‘84.

 

 

FASHION CLEANINGS.

Wherever. two materials are used in a
dress, they must be of the same color in
the groundwork; thus one may be plain,
the other figured on the satne color; or
one fine stripe, the other with brocade
figures on the stript d ground. If plaids
are used, they form the drapery on skirts
which are of the predominant color of the
plaid. Combinations of two colors in the
same costume are no longer seen.

The fashionable basque ts still the
postition. with very full double or triple
pleats inthe back, short sides and pointed
front. The sl«.-t.:ve is set in to give the
high-shouldered etTeel which has been
popular for a year pa- t, and the cil‘ort to
supercede the glovctittiu: tight sleeve
has signally failed. (Juti‘s are very narrow
and simple: the sleeve is cut lone enough
at the wrist to turn over as a cuff. and is
faced with the goods or that used for
trimming. The high standing collar
meets in front, and the full shirred vc51
which has been described in these
columns, the plain Vtis‘l of velvet. and the
surplice front, pleated into the shoulder
seams and gathers-(i a: the waist, art
features of the new spring,“ dresses. But
tons are quite small. and quite. inconspic-
uous, beingr generally hidden by the un-
iversal vest.

Polonaises, never quite out of fashion.
are more in favor at the moment. The
Fedora polonaise and its modifications
figure in fashion plates, but malse the
figure too shapeless to be generally liked.
it has a full front confined loosely by
ribbons. The favorite is a princesse
polonaisc, with a pointed bamue front.
Sometimes the back breadths, which are
very full, and in case of silks or other
lightweight goods, lined with stiff lawn,
are box pleated to the basque back.

Dress skirts seem to be wider and more
full, but this is simulated by the trim
mings‘whieh are put. upon the founda-
tion shirt, the latter beingr not more than
two and three-eighths yards wide. The
foot of the skirt is almost invariably
furnished with a narrow frill or pleating.
Over this falls the full skirt, which more
than ever consists oflengthwise pleatings,
elther the favorite kilt. or single, double
or triple box pleats. What is called the
accordion skirt, is a new way of adding
to the merchant’s profits. It consists of
very fine shallow pleats laid very closely
together, almost on top of each other,

 

something in tho- style in which we 11 :mp
a rutile. These are held very l'f‘.)~wl_'-J hr a

thread; when the skirt is taken up it falls
apart. after the fashion of the enerumite
musical instrument from v; rich it twig-es
' t I...

its name. Directions for errant? ‘
cry were given in the llouseoold of Feb-
urary 12111 and 19th, and tilt t‘e is noéhi. 1
new to relate, except that " the lelr U: ' is.
to let the back brt-adths, “'llll h an- very
flll1.hun}_f straight from the belt ‘4; the
bottom of the dress.
in two triple box pleats. with zirx cur!

 

'l'h-z-a' at". arrangwl

the end of the basrute. ' he draperg.’ may
be quite loopr or very short. a; suits the
style of the wearer.

Short Visitcs and mantles will he most
popular for spring w-ar. 'lhey will be
quite dressy little all'airs, Heinz: ;~i':.nl'21<1rly
trimmed with lace. pasSeivientcrisr. «:1- the
handsome chenille fringe st; .~l)‘ll.\ll at
present.
long in fr int and short in thr hat-la. lillll
have the high shouldered l'll't‘Cl now a
feature of all costumes. The

season, have shoulder pieces set in lit-e:
the top part of a. sleeve, which are: full d
to give the same high apru—araut-e
Jackets of Jersey webbing,r are
dinary street Wear: the .lerw;~:s are verj.
popular and very useful in warring out
math-over dress shirts. .l’anv of the.

handsomcst ones are elaborately braided

llllll‘t': ()I'

or ornamented with jet. The \‘.".l>l)l:‘.1.’ ,

can be bought by the yard and the hastily:
cut from it if preferred. but must be en:
smaller, and is unlined.

Velvet in the piece is preferred to :'
bon Velvet for trinnninga. lit-111;?! thi- lai
ter is not supert‘eded.
are often trimmed with several runs of
velvet ribbon. sewed on het‘wra- pleating.
Tucks are sometimes Used. The nee.
satin Cord and jet wasementeriv» are L x
duisite, but high priced, from h ‘
$3 ‘75 and $513er yard.
chenille fringe costs from it! :7: urn-.ards.

.i;

")lth {:lt‘nl‘51i ‘4‘"; l l‘l.\

 

Lace. in imitation of thread dream. Vi ill 5

be much Worn, especially tit-on -ill{ and

. corral. cites-red and strength-null me mam

nun's veiling dresses.

We note the revival of the olfl fashioned I

Garibaldi waist. for mitten dresses; mun-

what modified, hmvever. for it i; slurred 2

on the shoulder, frou‘ and luck. 13ml

are much affected for all nae-9.; mater-L;
White dresses. trimmed
have the yoke

sleeve (which is so with that til-.3
part. is a mere Strip «13?. ’
broidery.

 

 

t1. ill? L‘liilll‘(?ltil r}

Hum.
_- _......-. ,--_..__.

ECONOMICAL PR \("I‘H'le ‘4 .

lhave read tht‘ artich in relation try

il'.lli"‘ll(.'ili. What i.‘ ,

economy, in the
said is true. still the writer (921%,: not eive
any definite instructions in Fermi"! it) t
literal practice of economy. "There is a
nice distinction between
parsimony. between waste and saving.

r“
I

1

too .E‘Fiillf.’ am

between an extramgaut purchaSe and a ‘
it is :li'ttit-ult ala ays to '

judicious outlay.
draw the line, still for the encouragement

of all Who sincerely desire to get and E ,:

maintain the true position, I would say I
elieve we can always find the path that

Many ofthese lllflllilt‘ré iil'l‘tltllit' ‘

Slitlllllll‘l‘ .
capes which We are to Wear attain. thi~‘

illil‘n 211i:

- K |
:1 (143 ii.

in-ri'ez‘t.

Very handsome 3
iw-zu‘uer of the paper.

and upper par: of the ‘

1 salt iiiiii «war to

a vol-Ir" the precipice on one side and the
slouch on the other. Probably most of

‘ yourrt'ulers li:1\'!‘l‘fjlltlfill-0'1!illf‘li'Wl‘lri‘tl?

or thousands of cords of the but pin:
instill-es. l

t t ' V . '-‘ v‘r V b .' L '
mime rind of :1 way r:1.'n man, 1 .Jtua L.

roof! Mimi cvt-I“; Year for

Wag“ {ls-tor. who reprimanded hi~1 son s-r»
Vet's-lybecause he ti1rt-w=1\va},‘ amalt'h that
me. hurried only a: one end. Short y at
ll :‘ i=1.- lr- aid that one r-f his ships was lost
a! sea and .u'r-eiatwi the new~. with rzeri'vt -.
T’l-“ rm: :r-n is (wills-11:. The

(*liiiulll’llll

utmost hunrm t'oretliollght could not the
heading at the top, which is fastened over ‘

vent the occasional loss of a \'I‘~'~I‘l at Ma
".huitax lliin\'.'lu;:1'v:ty part of a toutr’i:

Pet‘i1>tt‘-’~‘

i~a needless rash. some oi

‘ your readers haVc no‘iit’ed the cvravagant

use of lllttil‘llt‘§ at hotels. it swam-s :1~: if

. people.- 111leavor to see how many they wt.»

u~e Wilillhil any regard to Value. Now it:
our fan-.ily we encleaVor to sum then“.
There are t‘otlsliemly on lillllll Sufi Wood
~h;-.vi1:'»_r_< the: are maile :JVeniuejs without

, :v:,.1titt;:?;‘;tiive cost. anl when a candle or

lamb 1‘: lighted a. shaving is USUl, and in
the winter Here are days tint wt- do uo'.‘
the more that: one lfl‘tit'll :- 1‘. 1y: thus
2‘1.»

 

'ei»: alitlle sari”; to the family. to

5‘5

- the nation. and to the World. lli‘t‘ulhe [ll’lt‘

timber will some time be scarce. A matth

is a .‘lllllll thing, yet numbers of them

llllliilf a wagon load. " lie that is faithful

in that 'x\lllt‘ll is least is faithful in much."
> l3. ll.~\l~‘l“

l tn 3

.-”._._..-,J._.__._._
MORE “01’ YEAS'I" BREAD.

l ll:!'~".'_-lli~1l remi the last Household :rli
and lie-‘li'ix a zlt‘7l1'lt.‘ twine: i a'dl'
lm‘tl iiiypga-‘t- tii)ll)r1:_*::t ".lust pr1i~e1>
'aud i think the llou<1tlinlll just
"The menilwr: are zlll '3-“ll5llllt:
The —i/'.e is >1; Uitgt‘, i inst ke: l' illt'FE‘i it:

I

1 in; tnu‘iict Elli i I‘t‘:ulll1t‘lil,ilit-n p13! llzt‘n:
, t:'—.\':s\’ for :‘umre refrtence. l \Vlsh l mull?

tell you how much lenioythem. lliegii:
m twins-1f farmer; Vi ives “‘I'E'L‘ of Slllll';
:"\i~‘.l'::ll!-;ZI.,‘ and could hive inure, than a;
'l'l1en.i-.o, [W in! 3.1.
flwnia lic"‘.?l‘l3\ for all the good words ~he.
has ‘.\'

x.

'itten. they have done inc worlds “9*

"Tom's Wile ”
often. la'n4-:11133touialtelr-st-tisliee.
I N‘. ill '7,le

? lumul. Mm. i1 hm ne-wt‘ tailed 1'::i‘<

time a. {hope w l'! ‘-'\'?’llt‘

you 171:! way in mu‘m‘liup

W xxlzitr. in 2st and it “ iii-"ll 2,...
'-.~' st- litti: tit 1e and H '1: law rs-a-la'

.
.
31?? ll‘lli(.'. l t-ra-rat.‘ the tum" t»:

 

1'11? :i'" [:vl‘alr’ms li‘. iii frflit'. tli-i‘m‘i‘ {lilt

3‘ no?“ to“ lit-11: r: :~"l\.' a! least iiii'I‘i

1 »-‘ IA!

1 fr: s. 212::le add one tensor» mil-l each of

71 mill. s-iIiltifu i-‘JU Veil“

(uh: I W‘ill as l5ttle water as tir‘issi‘iie. nil";

‘1!” l‘zoltitoe“ and h-v. stand tWelVe hour».
iii the bread sitt my tlour. teen scald

wit}. or“ Pint hot water, Pool with one

pint (:l H or more if you nish. add all the

1

'_,'w-;,~.: init one cup, mix the bread into a
‘ lirre lo-tf and let rise. When light. manld.
put in tins. let rise. and bake. If you wish

llist-nit that are very pier, and ever} body
will ask how you can make such love 3‘
1iseuit, and. all the men \\ ill tell their
, w ves to learn how you make them. just
. are some of the bread dough after the

l first rising, shorten with butter and lard
l

x

mixed. put away till very light, then

 


 

4 THE‘ HOUSEHOLD.

 

 

mould into shape. rub soft butter over the
top, sprinkle on some white sugar, let
rise and bake slow. Eat warm, and if
Mr. Tom don’t say they are splendid, then
I’ll send him some of mine.

I immediately mix more potatoes, with
the cupful saved, and so have it always
ready for use. I usually mix my bread
after breakfast, when it will be out of the
way before dinner; save my biscuit dough
until near supper time, when they are
warm for tea. I find the more potatoes
the quicker the bread will rise. Please
give atrial and report. If this pleases
you, I will tell you what else I have for
tea, with my nice biscuit, that makes the
men happy and smiling; also give some
of my ways of doing things.

OLLIEANN.
-———o—o—o———

BREAD BAKING.

 

Ido not know whether I will be allowed
to offer any remarks on the bread ques-
tion which is being so thoroughly dis
cussed in the Household, since at present
I scribble instead of cook. But I used to
consider it avery important thing to have
the oven at the right temperature, “not
too hot, just hot enough,” before putting
anything in it to bake. It is something of
a “ knack” to guess at the right heat, and
temper the fire to maintain it through the
whole process. The best of bread can be
spoiled by carelessness in baking. If the
heat is too moderate, the bread rises
quickly and runs over, to the maddening
despair of the maker, andto the injury of
its texture. If the oven is too hot, the
bread is browned or burned over before
it has had time to “puff up ” as it ought,
and in this instance also the grain is in-
jured. A skilled housekeeper thumps her
loaves, as the gardener does his melons,
and judges of their “ doneness” (to coin
a word) as he does of the ripeness of the
melons, by the sound, keeping her eye
on the clock in the meanwhile. Anything
but underdone bread, or “slack" pie crust!
The nice brown loaves, browned top
and bottom, and apie with its pasty com-
plexion just tinged with a healthy flush
frOm the glow of the oven, are far more
appetizing, to this individual at least.
than the “white-livered stuff that looks
as if it had never smelled fire,” as adis~
gusted man once remarked in my pres-
ence, though not, luckily for him of my
cooking.

BEATRIX.
IN A MULTITUDE OF COUNSEL-
ORS THERE IS SAFETY.

 

I tried E. S. B.’s recipe for bread mak-
ing, and like it very much, so much that
I was compelled to bake eleven loaves a
week for a family of four. But
“Tom’s Wife” requests a recipe for hop
yeast bread, (for that we can not call E. S.
B.’s, since there are no hops in it,) and I
am still in favor of the old fashioned hop
yeast bread. Really I like the taste of
hops in it, for we all know that they are
healthy.

Take twelve large potatoes, boil, drain
and mash them. Boil a small handful of
hops, drain them on the potatoes; then
add one~ha1f cup each of sugar and salt,

 

and one tablespoonful of ginger. Pour
the water drained from the potatoes, also
three pints of cold on the above. Lastly
add one cup of yeast or, two yeast cakes.

I always put my bread to sponge over
night. When I have sour milk I sponge
it with whey, by boiling the clear whey
one-half an hour, scalding the flour with
it, then add enough cold water to cool it
before putting in the yeast. Use two tea-
cups of yeast. When I have not the sour
milk I use warm water, set it in a warm
room over night, mix in alarge loaf in the
morning, let it stand till night, then mix
for the oven, letting it rise again. I hope
you will have good success, for what is
there that will make a housekeeper feel

more blue than having poor bread?

MRS. K. C. S.
Nonrnvthn, April 8th.

 

A PRETTY ORNAMENT.

I have long read the Household with
great interest; but in its new form it is
nicer than ever. Iwill tell you how]
made an ornament for the table: I took

a common sized seashell, made a bouquet-

of grasses (that I gathered by the road-
side last summer) and some everlasting
flowers; by putting the grasses and flow—
ers in the shell one by one, the effect '3
better than if they were arranged, and
then put in the shell. With a few grasses
and everlastings one can make a great-
many pretty ornaments.

The following is' my way of making
hop yeast bread, and it is very nice: For
two loaves of bread take three large pota-
toes welh mashed, one quart of warm
water, one teaspoonful of salt, the same
of sugar, and oiie cake of yeast, or scant
half teacupful of home-made yeast.
Sponge over night. LUELLA.

HUDSON, April 4th.

_..__..._.____

sows.
. .

I WILL put in a claim for that chromo
by saying that cast off crinolines, if not
entirely annihilated, may be made very
useful. Burn them first, then tie up the
raspberry vines with them. They are
ever so much better than twine.

 

ONE of my lately discovered conve.
niences is aclothes-pin apron. It is made
of gingham, or some strong material, and
is the shape of a sack with an opening
six or seVen inches square in the top and
center of the front. The top is finished
with a band and stout strings to tie about
the waist when hanging up or taking
down the family linen.

 

IF the art of housekeeping maybe ac
quired in six months’ time, what is the use
of all these “ Households,” and why is it
that we who have carried that “next
meal” upon our minds for more years
than we care to mention, so often learn of
some new and better way to do things?
Some women seem born to housekeeping,
some acquire it, while others have it
thrust upon them, and or course nature
will outshine grace every time.

 

-THE latest style in home-made rugs are
those which owe their creation to old

  

 

woolen hose and mittens. Cut the mate?
rial lengthwise into strips about two
inches wide, ravel out on both sides, leav-
ing two or three stitches in the center to
sew it by. Sew the pieces to some strong
foundation, arranging colors to suit the
taste. Tempered as I usually find it by
circumstances and stock on hand, the
work is quickly and easrly done, and
would be a pleasant task for a little girl.

 

MELLEsENDA’s trouble, as I understand
it, is not caused by the Green Fly, but a
small black one which seems to develop
from a tiny white worm in the earth and
to make its home there afterwards. It
infested my plants one winter and fretted
mea good deal, until I found I could
regulate its numbers by the use of hot
water. If small bits of apple, meat, or
moist bread are laid upon the earth as far
from the plant as possible, they will soon
gather under them, when a little boiling
water will finish them. I noticed that the
Insect did not work in a few pots which
chanced to be covered with white sand, so
since then I have kept sand an inch or
two deep on top of the richer soil, and
have had no trouble with the worms or
fly. I do not think they directly injure
the plant, but rob the soil of its nutritive

element.

A. H. J.
Tnorus.

 

HOUSEHOLD HINTS.

 

I saw a lady in the street the other day
with a very tasteful work bag on her arm.
It was made out of a silk handkerchief, a
very pretty changeable one with a flower
pattern in two corners. And I can tell
you just how she made it, too. She took
some narrow ribbon and sewed it in a
circle on the wroug side of the handker-
chief, as a casing for a drawing string of
narrower ribbon. about an inch and a half
from the edge. On the edge was seweda
pretty lace edge about two inches wide.
By drawing up the strings the lace and
the drooping corners of the silk made a
dainty finish to a very neat little conveni»
ence.

 

ONE of the prettiest wall pockets I have
ever seen was cut in what is called “clover
leaf” style; that is, the back piece was
composed of three scallops; the middle
one the highest. This was covered with
plain red silesia on one side and a rem-
nant of paper cambric for the back, and a
dark red cord was sewed all round the
edge, forming aloop at the top of the high-
est scallop to hang it by. The front was
composed of three ovals, one being fast
ened behind and above the other two,
making an outline which corresponded
with that of the back. These ovals were
covered with bright satin and in each a
spray of flowers was embroidered; they
were also edged with the cord. The front
and back were joined by a gore of the
satin, lined with silesia to make it strong,
and the joining of the ovals in front hid-
den under a pretty ribbon bow. With
this model in mind the ingenious woman
can modify to suit her resources.

 

1' '~ sf;
Rig
£13
at
g;

;‘
, .51

 

    
   
      
  

  
  
  
   
  
   
  
  
   
   
    
   
 
  
  
  
   
  
   
   
   
    
   
  
 

 

  
   
  

   


 

 

THE HOUSEHOLD. 5i

PLANTS FOR THE GARDEN.

 

I have a few bedding plants and house
plants to ofler this spring, all well grown
and blooming plants. Pelargoniums
(Lady Washington geraniums), Carna
tions, red, white or variegated; Double
Petunia, white or blotehed; Achryanthes,
red or variegated; geraniums, any color,
single or double; L intanas,several shades
Coleus and fancy leaved geraniums. I
will send four plants for 75 cents, and a
root ofDusty Miller (Centanrea); or twelve
for two dollars, and the color desired in
perennial Phlox and a golden feather
plant extra. Climbers, Clematis J ack-
manii, (blue), and 0. Languinosa (white),
75 cents each, the very best and most
hardy of Clematis; scarlet trumpet and
Halicna honeysuckle, Queen of Prairie,
Baltimore Belle,three moss roses, red,rose
or white; Wigelia, white or rose; any of
these garden plants20 cents each, or three
for 50 cents, with a root of Virginia Creep-
er extra. Any color in Dahlias, three for
50 cents; Gladiolus, three for 25 cents;
Tuberoses, Pearl, 10 cents; Gloxinia,
Gesntrias, Achimenes, 25 cents each or
three for 60 cents. I will take orders for
the garden plants until May, and until the
20th of May, house-plants.

MRS. M. A. FULLER, (Aaron’s Wife),
FEN'IONVILLE, Genesee 00.. Mich.

 

[Aaron’s Wife says that in the article on
“Insects Injurious to House Plants,” in
the Household of March 25th, “scab ” in-
sect should read “scale," an error in
proof reading]

Contributed Recipes.

 

 

MR. J. W. Donovan, of this city, kindly
favors The Household with the following
recipes, which are also recommended by an
English lady of Woodward Avenue, who has
sold thousands of cook books, and vouches for
the excellence of these formulas:

BEST ENGLISH PLUM PUDDING.——One pound
beef suet, cut fine; one pound English currants;
one pound stoned raisins, cut fine; one pound
citron, lemon and orange peel mixed, out fine;
one pound sifted bread crumbs; one pound
iiour, sifted; one teaspocnful allspice; 0nd
nutmeg; 1.2 eggs beaten; halfopint molasses;
one pound brown sugar; one—half pint stock
ale; one-half pint brandy. Mix over night
with milk to the thickness of thick cake; boil
ten hours in greased basins. The above will
make three quarts; for small family use one
half the recipe.

CHRISTMAS MINCE PIE—TO the above re-
cipe add one pound of chopped apples and the
juice of three lemons.

BREAD SAUCE FOR TURst.——One-half pound
stale bread, whole (not crust) one-half pint of
milk, one dozen peppercorns, tied up in cloth:
one small onion, boiled one hour; add pinch
of salt, and beat with a fork.

“ LUELLA ” contributes the following:

SPONGE CAKE—One teacupful flour, mixed
with one teaspoonful cream tartar and one~halt
teaspoonful soda; break three eggs into the
flour; addone teacupful sugar, 3 little salt, and
flavor with lemon.

LEMON Pin Wirnonr Enos—The grated
rind and juice of one lemon; one teacupfu
sugar; one teacupful water, and two heaping

tablespoonfuls flour. Bake with one crust and
trout.

 

THE BEST THD’G KN 07W

FOR

Washinganrl Bleaching

In Hard or Soft, Hot or Cold Water.

SAVES LABOR. TIME and SNAP AMAZ-
INGLY, and gives universal satisfaction. Nc
inmily, rich or poor, should be Without it.

Sold by all Grocers. BE‘VARE of imitations
well designed to mislead, PEARLINE is the
ONLY SAFE labor—sawng compound, and al-
ways bears the above symbol, and name 0

JAMES PYLE. NEW YORK.

 

_ WI LSON’S
Cabinet Creamery & Barrel Chum

AND ALL DAIRY SUPPLIES.

 
  
 
      

-"

The woman‘s friend. It saves three‘fonrths of the
labor in butter making; easily operated; you raise
sweet cream from sweet milk ; you have sweet
milk to feed which treblesits value. Send for a
circular. Agents wanted. Address
FLINT CABINEI‘ CREAMERY 00.,
124% FLINT,:MICH.

 

* administer
Gathering
Cream.

Send for Catalogue to

Davis & Rankin,

SUCCESSORS 1'0

Davis 1' Fairlamb,
DEALERS IX

Creameryiunnlies.‘

24 to 28 Milwaukee Av
Chicago, Ill.

 

MOSHE R’S
Hand Seal Drill, Hand Wheel Harruw
and near Hoe Combined.

This drill is for the garden or the field. It plants

in hills or sows in drills. Invented and made only

by E. MOSHER, HOLLY. MICK. Circulars free.
fbeowain

 

 

Chromo Cards, name on and 2 sheets Scrgp
10 Pictures, soc. J. B. scam, Nassau, N. .
msfieom

dress for 85.00, cash with order

one GENT

invested in a postal card and addressed as below

WILL

ve to the writer full information as to the best
ands in the. United States now for sale; how he can

BUY

them on the lowest and best terms, also the full
text of the U. 8. land laws and how to secure

320 ACRES

of Government Lands in Northwestern Minnesota
and Northeastern Dakota.

Annuss:

JAMES B. POWER,

Land and Emigration Commissioner,

St. Paul, Minn.

PRICE REDUCED

This cut repre-
sen s a scale that
will weigh from
half an ounce to
2401bs., made by
theChicago Scale
Co.,and warrant-
ed true. We wi 1
send one of these
scales and the
Fsamnn for one
year to any ad—

 

  

JOHNSTONE d: GIBBONS, Publishers.

 

Pat Channel Can Creamery

. " Used in Dairies now all over the U.
, S. Makes more Butter than any other
process. Our Testimonials in circulars
" are Vouchers. We furnish Chums, But-
if ter Workers, etc. First order at whole-
; sale where we have no agents—Agents
‘ , wanted. Send for Circulars,

WM. E. LINCOLN 00., Warren, Mass.

 

 

j29eowl3t
-- ‘— r: Lilii reassess.

 
 

I? To ‘ l l. 5?." dfhlflll~ of (you Finrat,
~' ' Remembrances.Smtt'nemJland

‘ . Floral. ole, with low. Friend-
5. Jun, and Holiday motto—.3. inc
. _..ll g-lh. and ihi- , " I
elegant l!in2,5tic~.. if. pics. 5. ii:n2,81.
’ 531W “l.0\( rIAL'rD LLWE”
i (suds (name Him-ruled with hand
balding- flowers with mono») 2:19. 7 ‘
pin. and this iiing for .1. Agrnrn’ sam- .\
lt- book and full outfit, 251‘. over 2ii0 new .1
rain adda‘i this lean-no. Blank ("u-0‘ at “'Iflh’l‘llk-
Nnfl'l‘“ FU-R 1’) l‘ \R E: (70.

  
 

,—

    
 
  

rites

Nartuiord. Aft“.

 

 
 
     

EXTRA 1
Chrome

     

1' Moss Rose, Birds, Mot 1

if Imported paneled Ch ’

., 0c. Ten ks and

”8'11 Neck brain and Charm, ,

ustmted Premium List with each order.

' “.mvronb Prrxvrnva Co., North Branford, Conn.
' 44- Jr-‘t’t— t~' afar—’2- ’1- 2.1L:- 1-‘Y-it-t‘i‘ -

 
   
       
 

 

   

   

 

 

fl9eow13t

 

a; MAiL ea rirszss, c. 7.. t;
"- examined hefnrv p :yln: an} blunt“;
and if not satisi‘actun y, h"! timed at
We manufacture all
.' our watches and save you 30 per
. . ‘atalo ue of 2505tyles free.
cent (1 g NflD. Anon

Evan! Wnc'a Wanna as
WATCH GO.
“Witnesses... .

 

 

 
    

NEW Style Chromo Cards with
. 5 your name in fanc type, 10c.
. , 11 paeksandthisElegant cket.(snrta—
.— ble for lady or ent.) $1. 5 '
packs andbeau ulimport-
' ed silk handkerchief, 50c.
;-. , Illustrated list and sam le
it bookforagts.25c. KEPT E ‘ _;‘
\ ' CARD 60., New Haven, Cinésou—

Send six cents for port 9, and
receive free a costly ox of
goods which will help all to

more money right away that anything else in this
world. Fortunes await the. workers absolutely
sure. At once address TRUE & Co, Augusta, Maine

     
 

 
  

    
 
 
    

 

 

 

40 (1884) Chroma Cards no 2 silk with name 100
13 pram. one. I. turn a 0..Nsssau in

 


6

    

THE HOUSEH-OLD.

 

Why Does Flour Spoil?

Balland discusses the changes of flour
in a paper contributed to Complies Rendus.
He says that grain contains a germ which
seems to be situated near the germ. This
ferment isinsoluble, and has the proper-
ties of an organized ferment. It is able to
endure a temperature of 2-12 degrees Fahr.
when dry, but is destroyed by boiling wa-
ter. Both warmth and moisture are ab“
solutely essential to its development and
growth; a damp heat of '77 degs. Fahr. is
the most favorable. It acts upon the
gluten, liquefying it.

In a properly constructed mill the
greater portion of the ferment remains in
the bran, and the better the flour is bolted
the less of the ferment it will contain.
If the mill grinds too hard or runs too
fast more of it passes into the flour, hence
the changes noticed in what is called flour
that has heated.

The acid noticed in old flour is not the
cause of the gluten decreasing, but the re‘
sult of it. '

Investigations upon gluten have not
yet cleared up its mysteries. It seems to
contain v ariable quantities of water, and
there are certain substances, like common
salt, which prevent its balling together;
while others, like dilute acetic acid, direct-
1y favor it.

The gluten in flour heated to steam
heat retains its properties. The action of
this ferment is retarded, but not prevent-
ed, by lack of water: as soon as the water
and heat are applied, it recovers its ori-
ginal properties.

The following conditions must be ob
served in making flour to have it keep
well: It must be sound flour, from hard
dry grain, which must be well hulled in
properly constructed mills and thoroughly
bolted. It must be kept in a place that is
completely protected from heat and mois-
ture. The French War Department use
air-tight metallic: boxes for keeping flour
in fortresses. Only flour from dry grain
and the first grinding is used.

While engaged in this investigation the
author has satisfied himself that the
French military use the finest flour, to
which, however, is added 12 to 18 per
cent from the second grinding. which
corresponds to the legal requirements.

This latter is a source of change, and yet p

we cannot hardly avoid making use of the
second milling, for it is in the second
grinding that the very nutritious portion
of the grain is separated from the bran.
But we can provide against this change
by storing the two different qualities sep-
arately, instead of mixing them. The fine
flour alone keeps well, and the other,
which does not keep so well, is always
used fresh, and the two mixed when used.
—-————-o--O-o———-——-—

The thousands who suffered with Rheuma
tism and Neuralgia had a hard time of it till
the discovery of ArnLornonos. Now they
needn’t suffer if they don’t want to. S. R
Dennen, D. D., Third Congregational Church;
New Haven, writes thus; “ Have long been a
victim of Rheumatism. During a recent
severe attack I commenced to take ATHLO-
PHOROS on Friday. Sunday I was in my pal.
pit. Monday I went to Boston well, and have '

remained so. You have indeed found a

specific.”

    

 

Till] lMPROVED seagull/mailman!

The “ Michigan Farmer ” One Year and a Machine
For Only $18.00!

— We have made arrangements
to have manufactured for us a
large number of one of the best
Sewing Machines ever in use,
which we shall sell at about
one-third usual prices. Each
machine will be nicel finished
with a Box Cover, a rop Leaf
Table, and Four Drawers, and
will contain a full set of the
latest improved attachments.
This illustration is an exact
representation of the Machine
we send out.

The cut below represents the
“ Head ” or machine art of the
Sewing Machine. A lparts are
made to gauge exactly, and are
constructed of the very finest
and best material. It is strong,
light, simple and durable. Does
to perfection all kinds of sewing
and ornamental work that can
be done on any machine.

Each machine is thoroughly
well made and fitted with the
utmost nicety and exactness,
and no machine is permitted by
. the inspectors to go out of the
shop until it has been fully tested and proven to do perfect work, andrun light and
with as little noise as possible. This machine has a very important improvement in
a Loose Balance W heel, so constructed as to permit winding bobbins without re
moving the work from the machine. ,

The LOOSE BALANCE
WHEEL is actuated-{by a
solid bolt passing through a
collar securely innedlto the
shaft outside 0 the balance
wheel, which bolt is firmly
held to position by astrong
spiral spring. When ‘a bob-
bin is to be wound, the bolt
is pulled out far enough to
release the balance wheel
and turned slightly to the
right or left, where it is held
by a. stop~pin until the bob- ' 7 7
bin is filled. Where the ma— ' ' ' ' ' ’ "
chine is liable to be meddled with by children, the bolt can be left out of the wheel
when not in use, so that it can not be operated by the treadle. .

The Thread Eyelet and the Needle Clamp are made SELF-THREADING, winch is a
great convenience to the operator.

THE BALANCE WHEEL is handsomely finished and nickle plated.

The IMPROVED TENSION and THREAD LIBERATOR combined adds
greatly to the value of this machine.

\ALL THE STANDS HAVE

The New Driving Wheel.

This Driving Wheel is theinvention of John D. Law-
less, secured by patent, dated Feb. 7, 1882, and is claim-
ed to be the best device yet- invented, being the simplest,
easiest running, and most convenient of the man that
have been tried. It can be easily adjusted and al wear
taken up by turning the cone-pointed screw. It is the
only device operating on a center that does not inter-
fere with other patents. Dealers who wish to sell these
machines will appreciate this fact.

The Stands have rollers in legs and the Band Wheels
are hung upon self—oiling adjustable journals. Each
' stand is run up by steam power after it is set up until
it runs very'light and smoothly. —

We have selected this style and finish of machine as

‘ being the most desirable for family use.

We furnish the Machine complete as shown in above
cut, and include the following attachments, &c. One
Johnson’s Foot Rufiler. one set Hammers one Tucker,
one Foot Hemmer or Friller, one package Needles, six
Bobbins, Screw Driver, Canof Oil, Extra Check Spring,
extra Throat Plate, Gauge Screw, Wrench, Instructions

Each Machine is Guaranteed as represented and to give satis-
faction, or it may be returned and money refunded.

Address all orders to
JOHNSTON! & GIBBONS, Publishers MICHIGAN FAB-um.
44 Larned St., West, Detroit, Mich.

    

 

 

 


 

 

THE HOUSEHOLD.

7

 

 

@122 {gushing garb.

Raising Chickens Hatched in incu—
' bators.

 

 

The Farmers’ .Magazz‘ne says: “ More
than nine out of every ten persons who
use incubators assert that hatching the
chickens is easier than raising them. This
is true, for failures will always occur un-
less the warm air surrounding the chicks
is perfectly fresh and pure. One of the
greatest difficulties is to impress on oper-
ators the importance of dividing the
chicks into small lots, not exceeding
twenty, and fewer if possible. Have no
corners in a breeder. A cheese box is
better than the best square brooder. A
round box prevents crowding, as the
chicks can move out of each other’s way
more freely. In regard to the manner of
affording heat it has been recommended
that the .heat come upon the top of the
chicks and never from below, but when
the heat comes from the top by radiation
it is well enough, and better than from

below, but such heat becomes what we

sometimes term dead, that is, it comes in,
there remains, getsvitiated and the little
coop is soon contaminated, and the chicks
gradually die off one by one without any
apparent cause, although the attendant
may have done all in his power to care
for them and see that they are comfort-
able. In order to have them thrive they
should receive the heat not by merely
being under something that is warmed,
but by drawing the pure air from the
outside of the coop, heating it, and then
allowing the warm air to come into the
coop, directly over the chicks, in the
same way that the heat is drawn into a
room by a drum over a stove, or from a
heater range. There are dozens of ways
for doing this. By using a smaller stove
with a sheet iron drum over it, and if a
smaller pipe leading from the drum to the
coop is arranged, as much heat as may be
required can be secured, for a temperature
of 90 deg. is all that is necessary. A good
plan is to use two tin'plates rather deep,
one a little smaller than the other, solder
them together tightly, with the smal.er
one on top. On one end of the two so]-
dered plates, which are thus fastened to
gather, (the bottom of both being out-
wards,) punch two or three small holes,
which will admit the air into the hollow
of the two plates. On the opposite rim
of the plates insert one end of a piece of
rubber tube, and put the other end of the
rubber tube into the top of the brooder.
Now set these two inverted plates on a
small boiler of water, over a coal oil one
burner stove. The stove flame will be
kept, after a day’s practice, exactly high
enough. Here the cold air comes into
the hollow of the inverted plates, gets
warmed and passes out on the opposite
side of the plates, through the rubber
tubing, into the top of acheese box, or
anything else that is used as a brooder.
If preferred, apiece of rubber tubing may
be attached to both sides, the piece on
that side where the air comes in being ex

 

tended to the outaide of the house in or.
der to get the freshest air to be had. A
caution, however, must be given. Heat
rises, and hence it is necessary to have
the place where the heat goes out higher
than the opening where it comes in, for
otherwise the cold air will be drawn
from the coop and the heat go out the

other way.
o’— .—

Farm and Garden says: “The kind of
fowls from which the eggs are to be pro-
cured must also be madcamattcr of at-
tention. Vigor of the parents means
vigor in the offspring. and the better the
stock the stronger the chicks and the
more easily will they be raised. The
majority of failures arise from improper
mating of fowls. There is ageneral com-
plaint that the eggs from pullcts do not
hatch well, but that depends upon cir-
cumstances. If young pullets are yarded
with very young cockerels there willbe
danger of failure, but the breeder who
has nothing but pullets can overcome the
difficulty by substituting cocks of the
previous year's hatch. Old hens may be
placed in yards with cockerels, but care
should be exercised in selecting only
cocks and cockerels that are strong, ac-
tive, and such as were hatched early.
Discard all delicate or immature birds,
and select the eggs that are of medium
size, perfect in shape, smooth, and above
all other considerations, see that they are
fresh.

 

-mo———

NEVER place the perches in the hen-
house one above another, or one higher
than another. Fowls usually keep going
up until they reach the highest perch. If
'here should not be room enough for all,
the strong will crowd the the weak ones
ofl. Perches should not be more than
three feet high. Heavy chickens often
hurt themselves jumping from high
perches. Round smooth poles with legs
to them make good perches, and are
easily removed to clean.

. —-—-—-—w——————

THE habit of eating eggs is most com-
monly learned early in the season, and
generally from having frozen eggs in the
nest, which the fowls learn to peek at. It
is good economy to use porcelain eggs,
and unless the henhouse is well protected,
gather eggs twice a day in cold weather.
if any fowl is caught eating eggs, its
head should come ofi at once, as others
will soon learn the habit.

“49F—

FANNY FIELD, in the Ohio Farmer,
recommends fumigation with carbolic
acid, as a cure for gapes, or next best, the
use of sulphur. The chickens are to be
put in the upper half of a box or barrel,
with slats for them to stand on, and burn
the acid or sulphur in the lower half,
taking .care not to suffocate the patients.
Sometimes a pill of camphor the size of a
pea will effect a cure.

“

 

“ Every testimoni .tl wet publish of
Adamson’s Botanic Cough Balsam is genuine.
We hereby offer a reward of five thousand dol-
lars for evidence proving otherwise in a single

case.” .
F. W. KINSMAN 8: Co.

 

FOR SAIJE.

Van Gieson Bros., Clinton, Lenawee Co., Mich
breeders of

Pure~Bred White Leghorns,

settings of 13 eggs for sale at $1 25. 1114-8.

WYANDOTTES.

A record hard to beat! Twenty hens averaging
six pounds each laid during January and Febru-
ary three hundred and sixty-four eggs, and during
March four hundred and eighty six. Eggs for
sale, two dollars for fifteen. Address

C‘. C. NELSON, P. M.,
u8~it (Jassopolis, Cass =Jo., Mich.

FAY’S CELEBRATED
« WATER-PROOF

MANlllA RDOFING

Resemhles fine leather; for Roofs, Outsidt
Walls, and Inside in since of plaster.( ‘Very
strong and durable. atalogne with testimo
nialst-and sam ties FREE. Established 1866.
\V. H. FA 6.: 00., Camden, N. J.

 

 

out .

ut this

      
 

O

 

“’ANTED. 1 Agent wanted in every
. place to sell our new goods. Big Pay.
4!) samples only 10c. None free. Cut

this out. Acme Novelty (30., Clinton~
act-8t Ville, Conn;

 

Anvil. Vin. on all Tool M Pan
and Home use. s lines. “.50. '6.“
$6.50. Sold by hardware dubrl
To introduce. one free to ampere.
who get.- u; club at Mr.
wanted. rim tor circulars.
()le UV". 3 "II C”.
Dm. I1|..-

Farms for Sale. Catalogh.
.‘ree. Maps of Va. 2065.
H.1..Staplesttwc'thic-hmoumVs

DETROIT, MACKINAW & DIARQUETTE

 

 

 

RAILROAD.
- January 3d, 1884.

Pioneer East and lies! Line through lite Upper
Peninsula of Michigan.

Eas'r. s'ra’rtoxs. wns'r.
Exp. Accom‘n. Accom'n. Exp.
P. n. A. M. P. M. a. at.

9 00 8 30 L. ...Marquctte ..... A 5 50 7 00
1012 942 ........ Onota.... 433 545
10 37 10 35 ...... Ati Train 4 00 5 18
11 22 11 25 ...... Munising ..... 3 18 4 33

115 115 ....... Scney....... 135 238

1 55 2 16 ..... McMillan ..... i2 34 1 55

2 20 2 4O ..... Dollarville..... 12 10 1 26

2 25 2 50 ..... Newbt-rry ..... 1 l5 1 23

545 615 A... St.lgnace....1 850 1000
P. M. A. )1. Via M. C. R. R. P. n. P. M.

5 0t) 6 35 ...... Bay City ..... 10 ()5 1 40

7 47 9 22 . ..Lapeer Junctn.. 7 43 11 16
10 20 10 25 ....Port Huron... . 4 25 'i' 55

5 38 8 18 Savinaw City.. 8 50 11 45

8 13 10 45 ...... ansing ....... 5 55 9 10

9 35 12 (XS ..... Jackson ..... 4 35 7 50
10 15 9 50 ....... Detroit.. 8 45 9 10
P. M. a M. Via G. R. &. I. R. R. P. M. A n.

4 25 6 10 .. ..Grand Rapids... 11 00 10 20

2 54 4 43 ....Howard City.... 12 4t) 11 50
11 20 1 00 ....F0rt Wayne... 3 15 3 10

6 10 8 05 ...... Lansing ....... 9 40 8 45

9 25 11 15 ....... Detroit ...... 6 35 5 45

Vial). L. St N. R. K.
3 35 ....... Detroit ...... 9 20
P.1u. Via F. a P. .\l. R. R. P. M.
3 45 ....... Detroit ....... 12 10 '..

Connections are made at St. ignace with: The
Michigan Central Railroad for Detroit and all
points in Michigan and in the cast, south and
southeast. Trains leave Mackinaw City 8 50 a, m.
and 9 50 p. m. The Grand Rapids & Indiana R.
R. for Grand Rapids, Fort Wayne and the South
and East.

Connections made at Marquette with the Mar-

uette, Houghton & Ontonagon Railroad for the

ron and Copper Districts, and with boat lines for
Duluth end the Northwest.

Trains daily except. Sunday.

Trains run by Central Standard Time.

D. MCCUOL, RANK MiLLlGAN,

Gen‘l Sup‘t., Gen’l Frt. & Pass. Agt.,

Marquette, Mich Marquette, Mich.

 

ABASH, ST. LOUIS & PACIFIC R. R.

 

Depot foot of Twelfth Street. Trains run on
Central Standard time.

Lcave. Arrive.
Chicago & lndna’s. Exp *9.38 am *6.48 pm
Ind. and St. Louis Exp. *3.48 pm I"12.23 pm
Chicago Express .. .. . :10 08 pm $.28 am

WTrains leave Fourth Street depot, via ’I‘o e-
do, at *8.45 am; $3.35 pm; 19.35 pm.
Trains arrive at Fourth St. Depot from To-
le 0 at *7.50 pm: $12.30 pm and :1.00 am.
3: Daily. * Except Sunday. .t Except Saturday
Pullman sleeper through to lndianapoiis and
Louisville.
City Ticket Oiiice 167 Jefferson avenue.
A. F. WOLFSCHLAGER, City Ticket Agt
FRANK E. SNOW. General Agent.

 


THE ”HOUSEHOLD.

 
 

 

piarian.

 

 

Spring \Vork in the Apiary.

Allen Pringle, in the Bee Journal, says:
“Now, the very first thing to he done
with the bees after they are set out in the
spring, is to make them warm by closing
all ventilating and other holes except a
very small entrance; putting warm quilts
on top; and taking such other measures as
may be necessary to prevent the undue
escape of heat from the hive, always hear-
ing in mind that our protection does not
create heat at all, but simply confines the
animal heat which is generated by the
bees. In the warm days when the sun is
strong, there is, of course, external heat;
but in cold windy days, and especially
when the atmosphere is humid, the escape
of the animal heat from the hive, unless
it be well protected, is very rapid and
very injurious to the bees. Every avenue
and crevice ought, therefore, to be tightly
closed except a very small entrance. 1n
the spring remember we want no “upwari
ventilation,’ as that matter will, in the
open air, take care of itself—we want
heat, or rather the bees and brood need it.

“ Having thus duly attended to this first
spring requisite, the next thing to do, the
first sufficiently Warm day, is to overhaul
every colony and clean out dead bees, etc.
Also take away all superfluous combs.
crowd the bees upinto as small a space as
necessary by means of division boards.
If the colony is weak, two or three of the
best frames are sufficient to leave with it;
andsometimes even one frame is enough
at first. for very weak ones. I have very
little faith in uniting weak colonies in the
spring, especially at this early season. I
never unite in the spring except. perhaps,
to get rid of apoor queen. My exper-
ience is decidedly against the pracrice,
that is, when the weak colouies are
properly handled. Having crowded the
weak colonies up into small, warm quar-
ters upon one, two or three frames, the
stronger ones and strong ones may, of
course, be given more room and frames,
from three to a dozen, depending upon
their strength and condition.

“During this overhaul of the hives,
note should be made of two or three im-
portant matters, and careful record made
of them, so that the hives need not be
opened any oftener during the cold spring
weather than is absolutely necessary; for
I regard frequent spring openings of the
hives as a very bad practice. Besides the
danger of chilling the young brood, there
is another serious objection to this prac
tice. At such a season, especially in bad
weather, it not infrequently happens that
the disturbance caused by overhauling a
hive, causes the bees to 'ball’ and kill
their queen. I have known such in-
stances. In the honey season, when the
bees are gathering freely, you can knock
them about almost with impunity with no
bad results; but at all other times they
ought to be handled with the utmost care.
The one necessary spring overhaul should
therefore, be done with great care, bu}

too long;though the first opening in the
spring seems never to disturb the bees as
much as subsequent openings.

"The two or three matters to be noted
and recorded at this time are: First, is
the queen all right? Second. how many
bees? Third, how much honey is left in
the hive? Fourth, is there any old
pollen? And finally is there any young
brood, or has the queen commenced to
lay? These points can be all noted in
your apiarian register, or simply upon a
piece of paper left under the cover of
each hive. You can then tell at any time,
without opening the hive, what its condi-
tion was at the time of examination.”

 

Test for Purity of Beeswax.

We have just hit upon a very easy plan
for testing the purity of wax, and will
give it to you: Dilute water and
alcohol. Then take a small piece of wax
which you know to be pure (you or any
bee-keeper can easily find such), put it in
the vial and add alcohol slowly until your
mixture is of the same specific weight as
the wax. Then the wax will go to the
bottom very slowly. Your testing ap-
paratus is now ready. If you have wax
with tallow or parat‘fiue and put it in the
mixture, it will remain at the top, its
specific gravity being less than that of the
mixture. If it contains resin. on the
other band, it will go to the bottom
quickly, being heavier than the mixture.
In testing, you should take care that the
sample contains no air, as this would
change its specific weight. In testing
foundation, therefore, the sample should
be thoroughly melted before testing, so as
to exclude all air from the inside of the
sample.
This test is cheap and conclusive. There
may be a small difference from one
sample of wax to another, but it is not so
as to exclude the clear discovery of paraf-
fine or tallow, which are the worst ene-
mies we have, for purity of wax. We
have tested one or two samples which we
suspected, and they floated in amanner
that proved their impure origin clearly.
As this may be of use to bee-keepers at
large, we authorize you to publish the
above entirely in the columns of the
Bee Journal, and will be glad if it can
be of service in, preventing the sale of
ad ul ter sited wax. —- America 71. Bee Journal.

 

PHILADELPHIA capital has lately estab-
lished a “goose farm ” at Walloy’s Neck,
Accomac county, Va. About tww acres
of Ian-i. inclosed by a firmly built plank
fence, contains nineteen hundred white
geese. The nests are laid off in sections,
with avenues running through, parallel
with each other. Eight bushels of shelled

Michigan Central H. H.

Depot foot. of Fourth street. Ticket offices, 154
Jefferson ave, and De 0t. All trains arrive and
depart on Central Stan ard time, which is 28 unin-

lutes slower than Detroit time.

Leave. Arrive.

Chicago Trains going west from west.
New York Limited Ex.. ......... $11.59 a m
Mail,via Main 85 Air line to 55 a m *6.10 p m
Da Ex ress ... $9.90 a m *6.25 p m
Ks . & hree Rivers Ac *4.00 p m *11.45 a in
Jackson Express ....... *5.50 p m *0.55 a m
Evenin Express ..... §7.55 p m ‘‘8325 a in
Pacific xpress ........ §9.l5 p m §5.55 a In

GRAND RAPIDS TRAINS.

Fast Express... . . ........ §11.59 p in
Day Express ........... *9.30 a m *0.25 p 1!)
Grand Rapids Express. IF4.00 p m *11.45 p in
Night Express ......... §9.15 p m *8.25 a m

SAGINA\V AND BAY CITY TRAINS.

 

 

Bay City & Sag. Exp. . *455 u m *9.50 p m
Marquette &. Mackinaw *8.45 a in *11.20 p in
Night Express ......... +1055 p m *5.t 5 a m
TOLEDO TRAINS.
Cincinnati Express. . .. *8.20 a m *725 p In
St.L. Cin. Clev. and 001 3.10 p m §1L50 a in
Cincinnati Express. . .. £6.50 p m *8.35 9. in
Toledo Express. .. +9.30 p m §1‘2.05 a to
Canada Divisitm.
Leave. Arrive.

Buffalo and To— going east. from east.
ronto Trains. ~— -—
Atlantic Express ....... §6.15 a m §S.50 p m
Accomt’n from Windsor *7.15 a m *8.50 p It)
Fast Day Express ...... §11.59 a m ~§3.00 p In
New York d: Boston Ex *7.30 pm . . . . . . ..
Limited Express. . §12.15 a in $8.10 a m

§Daily. *Except Sundays. ’rExcept Saturdays.
Except Mondays.

CHAS. A. WARREN, O. W. RUGGLES,

City P. 8'. T. Agt. Gen’l P. 8:. T. Agt.,

Mar. 9, 1883. Detroit, Mich. Chicago, Ill.

 

FLINT & PERE MARQUET'I‘E RAIL-
WAY.

 

Depot- Foot of Third Street. Ticket office
154 Jefferson Avenue and in Depot.

 

Trains run on Central Standard Time.
Arrive. Depart.

Bay City &.Saginaw Mail.. l"10:50:; m *8240 a in
Bay Citv & Ludington Exp .3:45 p m *12:10 p in
Bay City &. Saginaw EXE *9;55 p m *5 :00 p m
Bay City & Ludington xp 1 3:051 in +11230 p m
Sleeping Car on Night and Parlor Ca.
on Day Trains. .
*Daily except Sundgys fDaily.

C. A. ARREN, P. a T. Agt

AKE SHORE & MICHIGAN SOUTH-
ERN RAILWAY.

 

Trains run on Central Standard Time.

Cincinnati, Colum‘s and Leave. Arrive.

Cleve. Express ..... . 7 12 am 1 02 pm
Chicago Express ........ 8 52 am 6 42 pm
Adrian, Toledo, Cleve-

lanchButtaloExpress 8 10 pm 7 25 pm
Fayette, Chicago & Cin—

cinnati Express ...... 6 12 pm 10 22 am

 

The 7 25 p in train will arrive, and the 3 10 p in
train depart from the Fourth street depot. Other
trains will arrive and depart from the Brush street
degot. Daily except Sunday.

p-to

Wn ticket oflice No. 154 J efierson Avenue

DETROIT, GRAND HAVEN & MIL-
WAUKEE RAILROAD.

De ot Foot of Brush Street. Trains run by Cen-

tra Standard Time, which is 28 minutes slower
Detroit titue. In eficct December 30th, 1883.

 

 

Depart. Arrive .
*Moruing Express ...... 6:50 a m 11:45 a m
*Th‘rough Mail..... . ...‘ 10:30am 4:50pm
*Grand Rapids Express” 4:30 a In 9:50 p m
:Holly and Saginaw Ex. .. 8:35 p In 8:00 a m
+Night Express ......... 10:30 p In 5:25 a m
* Daily, Sundays excepted. 1 Daily. t Daily,

Saturdays excepted.

Through Mail has Parlor Car to Grand Haven.

Chicago Ex ress at 8 :30a m has through coaches
and Pullman arlor Day Car to Chicago.

Chicago and Owosso Express at 8:35 p in has
through coaches and Pullman Palace Sleepers to
Chicago.

Night Express has Wagner Sleeper from Detroit.
to Grand Rapids.

 

corn are given as food daily—about a gill
to each goose.

 

Hall‘s Vegetable Sicilian Hair Renewer is a
certain remedy for removing daudrufl, making
the scalp white and clean, and restoring gray
hair to its youthful color. It imparts a fine
gloss and freshness to the hair, and is highly
recommended by physicians, clergymen and

 

with dispatch, so as not to expose them

wonderful results.

scientists as a preparation accomplishing

Sleeping Car berths can be secured at G. T. R‘y
; Ticket Office, 156 Jefferson Ave., and at Depot.
' T. TANDY, Gen‘l Pass. Ago... Detroit.

1flirts IN TEXAS tiRKANSAS

Low prices. Long credit. Rich agricultural and
1 grazing lands, producing wheat, rye, oats, corn,
‘ cotton, grasses and all the choice fruits, near
, schools, churches and railroads. Cheap land ex
2 cursions every month For ma 5 of Texas, Ar-
' kansas, Missouri and Kansas, w th all information
i address J. B. FRAWLEY, Pass. and Land Agent
& Missouri Pacific By. 00.. 109 Clark Street. thlicago

~13

l
.
t

 

minois.