Source: The Mining Journal Marquette, Mi. June 9, 1888 Saturday The New Code The Signals Adopted by the General Time Convention for use on American Roads The following are the new uniform signals which are soon to go into effect on the DSS&A. Go Ahead - The hand or lamp raised and lowever vertically. Stop - The hand or lamp swung at or at right angles to the tracks Back - The hand or lamp swung in a circle at right angles to the track. Train parted - The hand or lamp swung in a vertical circle at arm's length at right angles to the track, given contunuous- ly until answered by enginemen. Bell Cord Signals One tap (when train is standing) - Start. Two taps (wnen train is running) - Stop. Two taps (when train is standing) - Call in flagman. ‘Three taps (when train is running) - Stop at next station. Three taps (when train is standing) - Back. Four taps (when train is running) - Reduce speed. When one tap of the signal bell is heard while a train is running the engineman must immediately ascertain if the train has parted and if so, be governed accordingly. Whistle Signals Qne long whistle - Approaching stations, railroad crossings, draw bridges and junctions. One short whistle - Apply brakes: stop. Two long whistles - Off brakes: start. Two short whistles - Answer to any signal except train parted. Three long whistles - Train parted. Three short whistles - (when train is standing) - Back. Long, short and long whistles - Calling attention to signals carried. Four long whistles - Call in flagman from the west. Four long whistles followed by one short whistle - Call flag- man in from easte Four short whistles - Engineman's call for switch or signals. Two hang and two short whistles - Road crossing. Five short whistles - Send flagman out. Avsuceession of short whistles - Stock alarm. Stationary Signals Red flag or red light - Indicates danger, train must stop. Green flag or green light - Caution: train must proceed with care. White flag or white light - Safety: track clear. Red flag by day and red light by night - Will be used at stations to indicate train orders. Green flag or green light - Will be used at flag stations to stop train for passengers. Switch signals will show white when the switch is set for the main line, and when red, set for the siding, crossing or junction track. pe 2 The New Code - June 9, 1865 Green lights on switches will be changed to white as soon as possible. A blue flag by day and a blue light by night, placed on the end of the car, denotes that car inspectors are at work under the car or train. The car or train thus protected must not be coupled to or moved, until the blue signal is removed by the car inspectors. When a car or train standing on a siding is protected by a blue signal, other cars must not be placed in front of it so that the blue signal will be obscured, without notifying the car inspector, that he may protect himself. Signals Carried by T,ains Two green flags, and after dark two green lights in addition, on front end of an engine, indicates that another train or engine is to follow with the same rights as the train carrying the signals. In case two cannot be obtained, one flag and one lantern shall indicate the same thing. But conductors and en- ginemen will be held strictly accountable for the proper dis- play of signals. Two white flags by day, and two white lights by night displayed in the places provided for that purpose on the front of an engine, denote that the train is an extra. These signals must be displayed by all extra trains. In case two cannot be obtained, one flag and one lantern shall indicate the same thing. But conductors and enginemen will be held strictly accountable for proper display of signals. This rule does not apply to regular trains running in advance of time by special order. Each train, while running, must display two green flags by day and two green lights by night, one on each side of the rear of the train, as markers, to indicate the rear of the train. Yard engines will not display markers. Each train running after sunset, or when obsucred by fog or other cause, must display the head light in front and two red lights in the rear. Yard engines must display two green lights instead of red, except when provided with a head light on both front and rear. When two or more engines are coupled in a train, the leading engine only shall display the signals. When an engine is run backward, the signals provided for must be displayed in the same position on the engine as when it is run forward. When an engine is run backward with cars, or when cars are pushed ahead of an engine running backward, the markers and red lights must be placed on the bumpers of the engine and not on the tender. A white light must be displayed on the forward end of the train at night, or when obdsaured by fog or other cause, when it is run backward, or when cars are pushed ahead of an engine. When a train turns out to allow another to pass, the red lights must be removed and green displayed as soon as the track is clear for the following train: but the red light must be displayed before crossing back to its own track. Green signal is to be used only to stop trains at flag stations designated on the time table. When it is necessary to stop a train at a point that is not a flag station for that train, a red signal must be used. pe 3 The New Code - June 9, 1888 Rules Governing the Use of Signals A signal imperfectly displayed, or the absence of a signal at a place where a signal is usually shown, must be regarded as a danger signal, and the facts reported to the chief train dispatcher. The unnecessary use of the whistle is prohibited; when shifting at stations and in yards, the engine bell should be rung, and the whistle used only when absolutely necessary to prevent accident. The whistle must not be sounded while passing a passenger train except in cases of emergency or danger. When a danger signal (except fixed signals) is displayed to stop a train, it must be acknowledged by two short blasts of the whistle. The engine bell must be rung before starting a train, and when running through the stations of towns or cities. The engine bell must be rung for a quarter of a mile before reaching every road crossing at grade and until it is passed; and the whistle sounded at all whistle posts. If a train should part while in motion, trainmen are re- quired to use great cars to prevent the detached portions from coming into collision. Enginemen must give the signal - three long whistles as provided by rule, and keep the front of the train in motion until the detached portion is stopoed. Fixed Signals Fixed signals are placed at junctions, railroad crossings, stations and other points that require special protection; they consist of home, distant and starting signals; special regula- tions will be issued indicating their position and use. The home signals in any yard limit board - for example, "Marquette yard limits," or "Negaunee yard limits." The distant signal is any stationary signal notifying to stop or reduce speed - for example, "Stop! 200 feet from Railroad crossing." The starting signal is any sempahore, that is: any fixed signal which by changing the position of arms or lights al- lows the train to proceed, for example, "The Negaunee Signal Pole," "The Winthrop Junction Signal Pole."