The World In 1854 ‘The Republican Party was founded in Jackson, Michigan on July 6, 1854. The country was in turmoil. Many of the issues which had been boiling below the surface caused splits among old alliances and forged a political realignment of loyalties. The rest of the world was not at peace during this period. The revolutions of 1848 had stirred strong feelings of nationalism around the globe. Even in the world of the arts changes were occurring. It was a time which saw the decline of the Romantic tradition and the rise of the age of Realism, In Turkey, the Crimean War was raging. England, France and Sardinia joined Turkey in the war against Russia. A division of Turkey would have upset the European balance of power and furthered Russian interests in the Middle East and India, In France, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte had been elected President in 1848. By 1854 he had been pro: claimed Napoleon Ill, the Emperor of France. In China internal disputes weakened the Manchu Dynasty. The Great Peace Rebellion was under- ‘way. Rebels in T'ai P’ing opposed concessions to the West. Both sides, however, were hampered by corruption and incompetence. The United States, while experiencing problems at home, was still involved overseas. By 1854 the United States had acquired all the territories which would make up the forty-eight contiguous states. Still to be added, at a later date, were Alaska and Hawaii. (On March 31, 1854 the Treaty of Kanagawa was signed with Japan by Commodore Matthew Perry. The agreement opened the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to United States ships; promised fair treatment of shipwrecked sailors; granted permission for a United States consulate at Shimoda, It also included a “most favored nation’ clause, In October of 1854 at a meeting in Ostend, Belgium the American foreign ministers to Spain, France and Great Britain, all of whom were pro-Southern interests, issued the Ostend Manifesto: (James Buchanan who was the minister to Great Britain, was elected President in 1856.) The Manifesto called for America to purchase Cuba. If Spain refused to sell, America was to take Cuba by force. This Manifesto was denounced by the North and by the Secretary of State. It ended Southern hopes to ac quire further foreign lands. ‘At home America was facing many problems. Underiying the crisis was the fact that America had been a country, not a nation. Many of the functions of the government had been performed on the state and local levels, with the barest of allegiances to the Federal government. These functions in- cluded education, transportation, health and public order. Feelings at this time were strongly sec- tional. ‘The West was growing. In 1854 there were 52 forts in the West and most of the Indian tribes were entering into treaties with the United States. New England was losing members of its labor force to the West and the two areas were competing in grain sales. The Westerners felt they were looked down on and were being exploited by Eastern businessmen ‘The most unique area was the South. Its climate, its plantation system and slavery made it unique. ‘These sectional sentiments clashed as changes in technology and in economy were bringing the coun- tty closer together. These changes were often abrupt and painful and were often resisted. In an attempt to open further the settiement of the West and to develop a transcontinental railroad, ‘Stephen Douglas introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act. It was to bring popular sovereignty on the slavery issue to these newly organized states. It revoked provisions of the Missouri Compromise of 1820; one of which would have Kansas enter the Union as a free state. The bill passed, with Southern support, causing outrage among the Northemers. A new party to fight the South's “peculiar institution’’—slavery—was organized. It joined together anti-slavery Whigs, former members of the Liberty Party, and Free:Soil Democrats. This party, with strong Northern support, became a genuine fusion of all free-soil elements whose strength would be felt in six short years with the election of President Abraham Lincoln. The first convention of this party was held on July 6, 1854 “Under the Oaks” in Jackson, Michigan. (Zz; History of the Republican Party Following the passage of the Compromise of 1850, Democrats and Whigs were confident that the pro- blem of slavery had been settled. Territories taken from Mexico were organized without any statement about the status of slavery, and no new territories seemed to be ready for organization in the near future. However, four years later the problem ex- ploded again and gave rise to the formation of a ew political party, dedicated to the repeal of the Fugitive Slave Law, the abolition of slavery, con- tinued adherence to the policies within the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, and the repeal of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. ‘The Nebraska Territory, as part of the Lousiana Purchase, was governed by the provisions of the Missouri ‘Compromise of 1820, which prohibited slavery north of the 36 degree 30’ boundary except in Missouri, Senator Stephen Douglas found himself, as chairman of the Senate Committee on Territories in 1853, in the uncomfortable position of deciding the fate of the Nebraska Territory. Douglas, attempted to evade a direct confrontation by declar- ing the principle of popular sovereign: Douglas divided the territory into two separate territories, Kansas and Nebraska, and amended the bill with @ clause repealing the Missouri Compromise. ‘When news reached the public of the proposed Kansas-Nebraska Bill, protest meetings were scheduled all over the country. With these preliminary gatherings the Republican party was begun. Meeting separatoly at first, liberal Whigs and Democrats, and Free Soilers eventually joined in common cause. In Michigan, meetings were held in humerous small towns, in Detroit, in Kalamazoo, and other pronounced antistavery communities. At the Kalamazoo convention a plea was made to “all our fellow citizens, without reference to former political associations. ..to assemble in mass con- vention on Thursday, the 6th of July next, at 1 O'clock p.m., at Jackson, there to take’ such measures as shall be thought best to concentrate the popular sentiment of this State against the ag- Gression of the slave power.”” ‘The appeal was widely circulated, and men of all party affiliations responded, with over three thou- sand assembling in Jackson on the appointed day. Many of those present had no intention of forming @ ew party but of strengthening the positions of the older parties on slavery. However, once gathered, the various party leaders found themselves to be primarily of one accord regarding major issues and began to formulate a set of resolutions. The meeting had been scheduled for the City Hall and later Bronson’s Hall, but the large numbers forced the crowd to retreat to a grove on the out- skirts of the village where a platform was erected, 4 Following a variety of speeches and presentations, the Committee on Resolutions withdrew to a group of trees on the edge of the oak grove, a location which is now the intersection of Franklin and Se- cond Streets. Here the resolutions were formulated ‘and the name “Republican” was ascribed to the gathering. Jacob M. Howard, chairman of the Committee, had prepared a set of resolutions prior to the Jackson meeting, and these resolutions became the platform of the new party, that which was adopted by the general convention, with the ‘Addition of two resolutions promoted by Austin Blair of Jackson. The freemen of Michigan, gathered in Jackson, denounced slavery as a “great moral, social, and political evil.. .and a violation of the rights of man as man.” Further resolutions upheld the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, stating that repeal of such statutes would be acts “‘un- precedented in the history of our country. ..and @ plain departure from the policy ofthe fathers of the Republic.” Abolition of the Fugitive Slave Law was proposed, as well as the abolition of slavery in the District of Cloumbia, To these and other resolutions the gentlemen of the new Republican party swore to remain firmly and unshakeably loyal. The meeting ‘adjourned on the evening of July 6, and the Republican Party was launched. Following the adoption of the platform, a com- mittee was formed to nominate candidates for state offices. Kingsley Bingham of Livingston, nominated by this committee, was elected governor, and serv- ed from 1855 to 1859. Many men present at the Jackson Convention later followed Kingsley Bingham as governor of the state, while a great ‘many others, such as Jacob M. Howard, Iseac P. Christiancy, and Zachariah Chandler, became na- tionally prominent as United States Senators, Justices, and presidential cabinet officers. Houses and other structures have completely obliterated the beautiful grove that witnessed the birth of the Republican Party. But the significant site did not go unmarked. At the spot where the stage stood during the convention, Jacob M. Howard and his dedicated committee piled stones, The stones are now on the Northwest comer of Franklin and Second Streets. In 1910 the Chamber of Commerce of Jackson erected an additional large stone at this site, further commemorating its significance. in 1910 President Taft visited and dedicated this historic site; in 1952. President Eisenhower and Mamie visited the site; in 1954 Vice-President Nixon Visited the site as part of the 100th anniversary of the birth of the Republican Party With Best Wishes (Revseas (Ragen Under The Oaks Essay Contest The Under the Oaks Park committee sponsored an essay contest to observe the dedication of the Under the Oaks Park on July 11, 1987. Announcements about the essay contest were in the Jackson Citizen Patriot by May 1, 1987 for the deadline of June 3, 1987. Notices were sent to all Jackson County schools, local radio stations and other various organizations in town to attract participants. Still a third announcement appeared in the Jackson Citizen Patriot regarding the contest. The Dedication Committee of the Under the Oaks Park Committee hoped that this essay contest would inspire the children and adults to learn more about events of historical significance such as: The Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Missouri Compromise, the underground railroads, the abolishment of slavery and Abraham Lincoln's presidency, all that took place during the era when the Republican Par- ty was founded here in Jackson, “Under the Oaks.”” The theme was “Why the Republican Party was founded Under the Oaks in Jackson?” Category Grades A 1-6 with 5 entries 8 7-9 with 8 entries c 10-12 with 7 entries D Adult with 4 entries Five people of the Jackson community were chosen to judge the essays on a 10 point scale in each of the following areas: originality, content and clarity of expression. The judges were: Martha Joyce, Supplemental Instructor in Writing and Literature at Jackson Community College; David Mikelonis, General Attorney at Consumers Power Company; Linda Braun-Hass, freelance writer for Jackson Citizen Patriot and Parma News; Helen King, former History and English teacher; and Maria Miceli Dotterweich, former Assistant Director of Notre Dame's Alumni Association. Cash prizes or savings bonds were given to the top three essays in each category. The Essay Contest Committee thanks everyone who participated and hopes that this endeavor was educational as well as fun. Your Essay Contest Committee, Janet G, Berkemeier Ed Sulski Bruce Barton Subject: “Why the Republican Party was Founded Under the Oaks in Jackson?” Group A Grades 1-6 First Place My name is George and I was a slave but now I'm a free man because of the people that founded the Republican Party "Under the Oaks” Now | would like to tell you my story. See I was captured on a (an) island in the Pacific. They took me and my mom to work as slaves on plantations in America. Our life on the plantation was hard. Mom cooked for the big parties. | planted beans, strawberries, peaches, com, lettuce. And | had to cut down trees for lumber. had to do the laundry too, It was real- ly hard work. 1 got blisters on my hands and feet. One night we had a meeting in our shed. The next night we decided to make a break for it. There were only five guards that night. We beat them up and headed for Michigan. We got caught inIlincis. And then we ambushed the guards and got away and we took their weapons. ‘When we got to Michigan we were so surprised at the way the people acted very nice and then we headed for Hickory Grove. We heard them talking about the safe houses throughout the State. ‘While in Jackson, the people talked about the new political party being formed from the free soil whig parties. On July 6 there was to be a large convention in Jackson to form a new political party. ‘They call it the Republican Party. They chose Jackson mainly because of the strong stand they have for freedom for all and the work they have done with the underground railround. The convention met in the City Hall. A man called Mr. Baxter was the chairman. He was one of the pioneer settlers of southern Michigan. But the hall was not nearly big enough. People kept coming and coming. It was a hot and muggy day. | believe someone said there were at least 3,000 people at the Convention. WOW! So we all moved to the oak grove on the outskirt of town. It was a beautiful peice (piece) of woods. Someone called it Morgan's Forty. It was a grand day. | knew there, that freedom for all would one day take place. Paul Geary Berkemeier 4th Grade St. Mary's ‘Second Place Itjust doesn’t make sense to me that people were slaves in America. Was there anybody in 1854 that ‘cared enough to stop slavery? I'm glad there were. ‘Why was the Republican Party started in Jackson, Michigan on July 6, 1854? To stop slavery and that (is) exactly what | would have wanted to happen. ‘A group of people who decided to call themselves Republicans tried to fight slavery by starting a new party. The party was originated in Jackson, Michigan where a lot of men got together Under the ‘Oaks. They had notices in towns that if you were interested in this (to) go to a certain building on Ju- ly 6, and when all the people came they had more than expected. So they had to walk to Morgan's Forty under the Oaks in order to have a meeting where it was cool. Kinsley Bingham was one of the important speakers and was elected governor of Michigan in November. He was the first Republican governor in America. There have been many Republicans from Lincoln to Reagan. It all couldn’t have happened if the men didn’t meet Under the Oaks. Jeff Clements 4th Grade Parma Elementary School Third Place Why was the Republican party founded under the oaks in Jackson, Michigan? A group of people wanted Freedom for the blacks of our nation. So they called a meeting. The meeting place was too small so the leaders changed the location to the oak grove. The oak grove is now called “Under the Oaks’. At the meeting there was an excitement. This created a name for the group. It’s name became the Republican party. This party gave our nation a balanced system of competitive government. The location of the oak grove in Jackson puts pride in heritage and our causes. It's continued celebration. izabeth Berkemeier ‘st Grade St. Mary's Group B Grades 7-9 First Place 15-year-old David Winslow sat in his living room with his grandfather discussing what they had done that day. He soon changed the subject to a History term paper, ‘Grandpa, | have this report to do on the beginning to the Republican Party and | was wondering if you could give me some information on it.’ “"Sure David. First of all, the question of slavery had been important in politics since the adoption of the Constitution. American independence and the fight against extension of slavery were almost parallel ‘and caused many problems. Early in 1854 the Northern leaders realized that the only remedy was a powerful new political party. This new party was born, organized, and put into action in a single day. But it was planned months before.”” “Tell me about the meeting, Grandpa.” said David, listening attentively. “Well, it was on July 6th, 1854 and was supposed to be held in Bronson Hell, in Jackson of course, but the thousands of people who attended the meeting couldn’ fit into the building. So it was postpon- ed for a few hours and was moved to a grassy area called ‘Morgan's Forty Acres’. Jacob Howard had written a complete draft of the resolutions that told the purposes of the convention weeks before in Detroit.” “How come you know so much about the meeting?” asked David. “Well, one reason is your great-great-great grandfather attended it and wrote about it in his diary. It was passed down from generation to generation.” “What did the Missouri Compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska act, and the Free Soil Party have to do with it?” “Abolitionists didn’t really ike the Missouri Compromise or the Kansas-Nebraska Act because they were just spreading slavery further. The Republican Party was established to stop the spread of slavery. The Free Soil Party was a small political party that opposed slavery and joined forces with the Republicans along with Abolitionists and other small groups.” “Why was the meeting said to be ‘Under the Oaks’? “When they moved the meeting to ‘Morgan's Forty’ they built a speaker's stand under some oak trees. The last of those trees went down a while ago when lightning hit it, but there is stil a rock pile and a bronze tablet at Franklin and Second Streets where the meeting was held." “Thanks grandpa. You've been a big help."” Asli Sezgin 8th Grade Jackson Catholic Middle School Second Place July 4, 1845, Today, as we celebrate the independence of our country, | can not help but to ponder how it is forging today. The recently passed Kansas-Nebraska Act barbarically permits slavery in the Northwestern Ter- ritory States. Lately, | have heard several rumors about some sort of new political party being formed by people as ‘outraged by the idea of human bondage as myself. There is a meeting planned in Jackson, Michigan's Bronson Hall for July 6, but | am not sure if I will attend. This political party will obviously be a very ‘small one, since Bronson Hall holds only about 200 people. We held our last two Free Soilers’ Conven- tions there. July 5, 1854 After much thought | have made the decision to be here in a Jackson hotel, with hundreds of other, eagerly awaiting tomorrow's convention. All of the rooms are filled. Most of the hotels and inns in Jackson and the surrounding counties are full of people like myself. Passing through the halls | have heard whispers about the big meeting. Most people are excited at the prospect of belonging to a political party whose members share the same beliefs and ideas. July 6, 1854 ‘The meeting was as rousing and successful as | had hoped. Only one problem arose—Bronson Hall was simply too small to hold the 2,000 people who showed up. Luckily, since it was one o'clock, the sun was in a very comfortable position and we unanimously decided to hold the convention outside in a beautiful grassy knoll with large, lush oak trees. The spot was on the corner of two streets called Franklin and Second. ‘As we began, a stern looking man approached the speaker's stand. He identified himself as Zacharia Chandler, a former Detroit mayor from the Whig party. He delivered a blistering speech against slavery which we followed by a standing ovation, ‘Our next decision was to select a platform of nominees. One of the most important steps in this was to choose members who had some experience. Kinsley S. Bingham of Livingston, Michigan, a former Democrat, headed our “ticket” as our candidate for Governor. ‘Our convention ended with promises of later meetings and more conventions. As we slowly trudged back toward our homes and hotels, it dawned on me what we had just accomplished. We had shaped ourselves into a new political party-one consisting of Whigs, Free Soilers, Democrats and In- dependents, all of whom were against slavery. We had set aside our differences and worked together as friends, sacrificing and compromising some dreams and ideas to make a strong, united party called the Republicans, Tasha Marie Kelly 8th Grade Jackson Catholic Middle Schoo! Third Place Hello! My name is Ree and I'm a purebred Jacksonian Bluejay. | was asked to tell you about when the Republican Party was founded under the Oaks in Jackson because | was there. | have decided to start from the very beginning, so here goes. On July 6, 1854, as | was flying over the familiar territory of my hometown, Jackson, I noticed a mill ing around of many people. Being a curious sort of fellow | decided to stop and see what was going ‘on, As | alighted on a sturdy oak branch | noticed all manner of people. There were abolitionists, Free Soilers, antislavery Democrats, conscience Whigs, and many more. ‘As | was wondering what could be going on two men passed beneath my tree. One of the men was saying, “‘Boy, it sure is a good thing we were able to find this Morgan's Forty. It’s such a nice place.” “We never would have been able to seat all these men in Bronson Hall,” said the other. ‘As the men passed beyond my hearing | really began wondering. | didn’t have long to wait however before the meeting began. A man stood up and stated the purpose of the meeting. The purposes were to declare slavery a great moral, social, and politcal evil, to demand the repeal of the Kansas-Nebraska ‘Act, and to resolve to sink all political differences and unite against the extension of slavery. | knew then that the main purpose of the meeting was to restrict slavery and ultimately abolish it. ‘Seeing @ man sitting at a desk and writing away furiously, | decided to go over and investigate. Looking down from a tree above the man | could just make out his name on the paper. It was Jacob Howard. Apparently, he was recording what went on at the meeting, (Later, he wrote the Thirteenth ‘Amendment which abolished slavery.) ‘After the meeting ended and I was on my way home, | thought about how great these men were to stand up against slavery. When | reached home, my children Pub, Li, and Can and my beautiful wife Party greeted me. I told them all about the political party that so much resembled our names and how | looked up to it. We all decided then that we wanted to be members of the party that stood up against slavery—the Republican Party. Rosella Walsh 8th Grade Jackson Catholic Middle Schoo! Group — Grades 10-12 First Place July 6, 1854, 3:23 p.m. A crowd has gathered at the comer of Franklin and Second streets on a plot of land known as Morgan's forty. At the head of the assemblage under a spreading grove of oaks, is a hastily erected podium, behind which, a dignified man is speaking passionately. At the end of his speech, the man raises his hands in triumph, as the crowd erupts into a roar. What you have just witnessed, under the oaks in Jackson, Michigan, is the birth of the Republican party. From this humble beginning, the Republican party has risen to become an integral part of our Amer- cian political system, and a provider of leadership for our country as it moves into the Twenty-first century. Yet no matter how influential the Republican party becomes, it is still based solely on the ideal upon which it was founded: Freedom. The idea that all men are the same under the gaze of God, and that no man should own another. It was with this basic concept of human dignity that the Republican party was born, and that it exists upon today. The republican party, like so many movements before, was bom of strife, in the form of the Kansas- Nebraska act. Passed on May 30, 1854, this act allowed territories self-government over all domestic matters, chief of which was slavery. In response to the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska act, a call was put out by the DETROIT TRIBUNE to Whigs, Free Soilers, Abolitionists, and Anti-Slavery Democrats, to gather and form a new political party opposing the expansion of slavery to the west. The date was set for July 6, and the location agreed upon was Jackson, for its central position between Kalamazoo, Lansing, and Detroit. This historic day dawned hot and humid, and as the morning wore on it became increasingly ‘warmer. Finally the meeting was moved outside from Bronson’s hall, owing to the unexpectedly large crowd and the heat. As the meeting progressed an agenda was drawn up, calling for 1. Admission of Kansas as a free state, 2. Exclusion of slavery from all western territories, 3. Abolition of slavery in our nation’s capital, Washington D.C. A slate of candidates for statewide office was then nominated, headed by Gubinatorial Candidate Kingsley S. Bingham. Only one issue remained: What to name this newly formed political party. Drawing on our founding fathers, it was dubbed Republican, after ‘Thomas Jefferson's Democratic-Republican party. In the fall election the Republican party swept the polls, and started its journey towards national recognition. Six years later Abraham Lincoln was elected as the first Republican President of the United States, and before his term of office had ended, slavery was abolished throughout the country. The platform set out twelve years earlier had been accomplished, and the cry that started in Jackson, Michigan was heard across the land, ‘Let freedom ring’. Patrick R. Julian 12th Grade Concord High Schoo! Second Place ‘On July 6, 1854, a very important meeting was held. The people of Michigan and much of the North were distressed with the course of events concerning slavery taking place in their country. The novel Unole Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, published only two years before, had an enormous im- pact on the people. The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in May of 1854, which replaced the Missouri Compromise and made it possible for the new territories to become slave, further enraged them. They decided it was time for something to be done. ‘Jackson was not a particularly radical city. It had a few Underground Railroad “stations,” but not half as many it's surrounding counties. However, because of it's geographical location and the power of a few influential politicians, Jackson was chosen to be the sight of the meeting. Levi Baxter of Jonesville was chosen temporary chairman. Among the prominent guests was C.V. Deland, editor of the Jackson Citizen, a Whig newspaper, who was quoted as saying, “A great wrong is being perpetrated. Liberty is trampled underfoot.” People came from all over to attend this important meeting. Many of them were of the Whig or Free Soil parties, but some of the more than 5,000 people in attendance were merely concerned citizens. As ‘more and more people began to crowd into the second floor of Bronson Hall on Main Street on that hot, muggy day in June, it became evident that there was simply not enough room. The meeting was 10 adjourned to relocate under the oaks of Morgan's Woods, on the outskirts of Jackson county; and before the meeting adjourned again, a new political party, the Republican party, had been formed. From this party would come many great men, the foremost of which was “Honest Abe" Lincoln, and together they would strive to “abolish slavery, vindicate democracy, and perpetuate the Union. Jody Smith ith Grade Napoleon High School Third Place Many of us take freedom for granted. We see it as God's gift to us and don't worry that someday it may be taken away. We quickly forget that less than a century and a half ago a whole race was cruely striped of the very rights we now hold commonplace. We look back to July 6, 1854. It was a hot and humid day in Jackson, Michigan. A crowd had assembled in the town hall, but quickly adjourned to Morgan's forty a field just outside of town take refuge from the heat under the oak trees which covered the area. The discussion was not of crops or ‘the weather, but the founding of a party which could estalish its anti-slavery ideas in the Democratical- ly controlled Congress. The tension in the air that day was as thick as the heat. Slavery was not a new issue among the men who gathered under the oaks. The very founders of the country had practiced slavery and it had en- dured for centuries. The anger that was expressed had grown for many generations and had finally reached its climax. The men who spoke out that day had been taught since birth that every man is created free and equal and no one can take away that freedom. Freedom was seen as a divine gift from God and to take it away was not only immoral, but going against God's will. The south viewed the situation differently. Negroes were seen as the inferior race that could not survive without the support of their masters. The events that led up to the founding of the Republican Party under the oaks in Morgan's Forty began in 1820 when the Missouri Compromise was enacted, The Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery north of the southern border of Missouri. The real problem erupted in the early part of 1854 when the Kansas-Nebraska bill was introduced into Congress. This bill repealed the section of the Missouri Compromise which prohibited slavery north of the Missouri border. In reaction to this Jacksonians gathered to form the Republican party and to nominate members for the governor's elec- tion of 1854. Kinsley S. Bingham was eventually nominated and won the election, The Republicans also emerged victorious in the legislature. In 1856 Jackson Republicans gathered at the polls to elect their first candidate for president, but he lost to Democrat James Buchanan. After this loss the Republicans changed their tactics by expanding the spectrum of issues held by the party. In the 1860 election a suprising candidate was introduced. He was a self-educated lawyer form the back woods of Illinois with little political experience. But Abraham Lincoln had one positive characteristic, he was devoted to the cause of ending slavery. Lincoln's victory was a great milestone in the Republican par- ty. They had finally broken the long reign of Democrats and were on their way to making the country free for all men and women. But within six months tempers would flare causing a bloody civil war that would not end until thousands of lives had been lost including President Lincoln's, Today all the citizens of Jackson live free lives, but many still take this right for granted. Although today they don’t have to worry about losing their freedom because many years ago a group of citizens gathered under the shade of the oaks. They had a dream. Their dream was to unite and guarantee all Americans, no matter what race, color, religion or creed, the unalienable right of freedom. Tammy 10th Grade Western High Schoo! ler n Group D Adult First Place Let us speak of the party in which we believe. We can, | think, define this (Republican) party first by its spirit. .. Itis young. It is sober. It is confident. And itis free.” Eisenhower— 1953 During the years before the birth of the Republican Party, Franklin Pierce, a Democrat, was in the White House. Since Andrew Jackson's election in 1828, Democrats, the party of Thomas Jefferson, and Whigs had alternated in control of the Presidency. The Whigs, whose name originated in England, were organized in 1834 by Henry Clay. The Free Soilers, formed in 1848, opposed the exten- sion of slavery into the new territories, and into states formed from them. There were many reasons for why the new party was formed, but the Kansas-Nebraska Act is recognized as one of the main causes. The Act was passed in Congress on May 25, 1854. It permitted slavery in the new territories of Kansas and Nebraska if the people there voted for it. After the Act was passed, state organizations denounced slavery as a political, social, and moral evil The first recorded meeting of the “Republicans” was held by a number of Whigs, Free Soilers, and Democrats. Called together by a prominent Whig, Major Alvan E. Bovary, they met at a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin on February 28, 1854. A resolution was adopted providing that if the Kansas- Nebraska Act was passed by Congress, the existing Ripon party organizations should be abandoned and a new party, to be called “Republican,” should be formed. When the Act was passed, Major Bovary called a second meeting. The meeting voted to dissolve local Whig and Free Soil organizations. A committee of five was appointed to form a new party. ‘A number of men of national reputation, including Wiliam H. Seward, Thurlow Weed, and Horace Greeley, were mailed invitations to a July convention in Jackson, Michigan. Several wrote letters back endorsing action and suggesting what action should be taken. Nearly all of them suggested some combination name for the new party. A few of the names received included Amercian Union Party, Democratic-Republican Union Party, Anti-Slavery Union Party, and Free Soil Union. These letters ‘were placed at the disposal of the committee on resolutions. There is argument as to who really named the party. One version is that Zephanian Knight, a member of the resolutions committee and editor of the Pontiac Gazette, made a motion to name the party, "Republican." Mr. Knight's resolution was adopted, and the name, Republican Party, was used. The first state convention of the Republicans was held on July 6, 1854. Delegates from all over the state came to meet on a piece of land known as "Morgan's Forty"” near the business section of Jackson, Michigan. Austin Blair, a Jackson citizen who later became Michigan's Civil War governor, called the meeting together. The formal convention was attended by hundreds of leading citizens. Among the important things accomplished, the convention adopted a platform, nominated a full state ticket, and formally adopted the name, ‘“Republican."" Almost at once the Republican Party became a power in the North. Claudia Hamel Teacher Parma Elementary School, Western School District 12 Second Place Just as the oak trees grew strong and tall forming their roots from seedling on Morgan's Forty so, too, ‘Americans met to form a beginning of a political coalition that would grow strong and influence the ‘course of American history. Under the shade of the oaks on Second and Franklin streets in Jackson, Michigan people of different walks of life put aside other political beliefs and united to oppose the Kansas-Nebraska Act and restrict the spread of slavery. Their plan was to form a new political party based on the idea of freedom from which our founding fathers had created our republic. The need for such an organization was seen through the eyes of idealistic and enthusiastic Americans who felt the only way to nurture the roots of our white based freedom was to provide a political party that could seek national legislation to establish the principle of freedom for all Americans regardless of race. These ideas of freedom were the very roots that brought forth this meeting. Just as the branches of the oaks were healthy and in full foliage, so, too, the principles and values spread through the crowd and gave one another the strength to commit themselves to the purpose of ot compromising to an institution but rather confronting the issue head on. It seems so appropriate that the Republican Party was founded under the oaks because the oaks represent strength and stature in nature, just as the beginnings of the Republican Party represented the strength of the ideals that men like William DeLand and Jacob Howard represented. Ms. Winnie Tomshack Teacher Jackson Catholic Middle School Third Place “The extension of slavery under the folds of the American flag, is a stigma upon liberty.” This statement was published in the Tribune newspaper in Michigan, following the Free Democracy convention, on July 6, 1854. This was the belief of many challenging men in the North, at that time, Previous to the Civil War. They used their political power, money and industrious labor to fight domestic slavery that was roaring its evil head in the South, These Northern patriots had already helped in the unsuccessful fight to have the State Capitol located in Jackson. It was unsuccessful only because the general feeling was that Jackson was already prosperous and another area could use the proposed growth. From a combination of two political parties, The Whigs, and the Free Democrats, the Republican party was born. Just as a baby starts, by being first a dream for the future, so did the Republican party fe birth. Their dream was that our constitution should and would be upheld for all mankind. The pur- suit of life, liberty, and happiness, as outlined in the constitution was not meant for a few, but for all people. ‘A platform drawn up by Honorable Jacob Howard, who later became a United States Senator from Michigan, had as his first resolution: Resolved, That we accept the issue forced upon us by the slave power, and in defense of freedom, will co-operate and be known as Republicans. At their first convention, Kinsley S. Bingham was nominated, as the Republican choice for Gover- nor. In the 1854 election, he won by 306 votes. The new born Republicans had united and won 11 of the 13 offices that were up for election in Michigan. These people were the womb, where the baby Republican party took nourishment and grew. As parents, they wished for, and worked so that their baby and every baby in this land would have their freedom to life, liberty, and happiness. Because the people of Jackson were amongst the strongest supporters in the fight to abolish slavery, the first convention was held in a field of oaks, known as “Morgan's Forty”, in Jackson, Michigan. So it is 133 years later, that the “Under the Oaks” park will stand as a living testimonial to our in- herent rights. The rights that the first Republicans united to reinforce on our behalf, July 6, 1854. Annie L. Wheeler Private Duty Nurses Aide Jackson, Michigan 13 Dedication Program Under the Oaks 2:30 p.m. Honor Guard - - Explorer Post #740 Greetings ~. Joanne Price Anthem Lezlie Jordan Rose Queen Invocation 886 ee ceceeeeeeeee - Rev. Joseph Coyle Welcome i See i Mayor Richard Strunk Introduction... 2 a seeeessess LJ Moody Opening Remarks Cong. Carl Pursell Dedication— Highlights Of TI we Day. . Lola Peterson Special Recognitions evchaue Joe Thomas Joe Filip Introductions...... Peterson, Moody, Price Remarks. Rep. Mike Gritfin Rep. Phil Hoffman Sen Nick Smith E. Spencer Abraham D. 50th Dist. R. 23rd Dist. —R. 19th Dist, State Chairman Announcement Of Essay Winners LJ Moody Introductions % suerte 7 Joanne Price REMARKS ener secois eran tes — : +++. Bruce Hanks Michael Dively “America The Beautiful” Sing Along......... ae Nick Smith. Introduction eae = ae .... LJ Moody Presentation -Richard Headlee Address William Lucas Closing Remarks Joanne Price Benediction . Rev. Polk Williams Release Of Balloons Entertainment Program First Congregational Church 120 N. Jackson 4:30 p.m. - Joanne Price Announcement Of Contest Winners —Prize Presentations Carol Thomas . Mary Berkemeior Janet Berkemeier Judging —Beard Growing Contest... Essay Contest . Reading of Winning Essays by Writers Lincoln References Reception and Dinner Program PJ's 310 S. Mechanic Bruce Hanks Running Through Reception (On tape is footage of demolition of house, the Ball, the Dedication and the Entertainment programs) After Dinner: Message From President Reagan Message From Vice President Bush 200th Anniversary Film—United States Constitution ‘Awarding Of Door Prizes 4 Bill Lucas 749 Palister Detroit, MI 48202 New York City: Teacher, Welfare Investigator, New York City Police officer Washington D.C. Member of Justice Department under Robert Kennedy FBI Agent Detroit: Sheriff of Wayne County First Wayne County Executive 1986 Republican Gubernatorial Candidate Now practicing law; licensed to practice in Michigan and New York—presently practicing in Michigan Richard Headlee Republican Gubernatorial candidate in 1982. Long time member of the party in Michigan working predominantely in the areas of fund raising in concert with the State Finance Committee. President and Chief Executive Officer of Alexander Hamilton Life Insurance Company of America “Lincoln” Speaks Under the Oaks Mr. Bruce Hanks, a distant relative of Nancy Hanks, Lincoln’s honored mother, has the same rugged facial features and the identical height and weight as Lincoln, His frock coat and vest, stovepipe hat, and gold watch and chain are identical to those worn by the 16th President. Mr. Hank's many years of Lincoln research has made him an authority in his field. Humor, history, tragedy, pathos, challenge and inspiration are woven into his fast-moving dramatic monologue. Quotations are given from Lincoln's well-known speeches, such as the “Farewell to Springfield,” “The Second Inaugural,”’ and the famed “Gettysburg Address.” He will bring to light those spiritual and moral values that made Lincoln the great leader he was... and make you grateful for your privilege of life in America. 15 Congratulations to Jackson County Republicans celebrating the Under The Oaks Dedication from Your Congressman Carl Pursell Paid by Pursell-Congress Committee DEDICATION An historic gift to the nation, the Under the Oaks Park is dedicated to the free men of Michigan who gathered “under the oaks’ to denounce slavery as a “great moral, social and political evil. ..and a violation of the rights of man as man’. Thus, the slave issue was the catalyst for the forming of the Republican Party. The chief difficulty in bringing groups of Democrats, Whigs and Free Soilers into joint council to discuss the Kansas-Nebraska Act was solved by call to an “independent” convention, to be held at Jackson on July 6, 1854. On that historic date, men of all party affiliations responded. They were not Official representatives of any party group and had no authority to commit others than themselves to any common program. This spontaneous, voluntary character proved one of the most valuable elements in the movement which followed. ‘The meeting had been scheduled for the City Hall and later Bronson’s Hall, but both were inade- quate for the large crowd that had gathered. The convention was recessed to a burr oak grove on “Morgan's Forty” southwest of the city proper, where a platform was hastily erected. Hence the name/phrase “Under the Oaks” was used in any account of this historic assemblage. ‘A committee of twelve, three electors from each congressional district, were appointed to formulate a platform of principles and resolutions, One of the most far-reaching resolutions was the naming of the new party “That in view of the necessity of battling for the first principles of republican government and against the schemes of an aristocracy, the most revolting and oppressive with which the earth was ever cursed or man debased, we will cooperate and be known as Republicans until the contest be terminated.” The new party did not discriminate in bestowing its favors upon the older groups. The first Republican state ticket contained four Free Democrats, four Whigs and two regular Democrats. All over the North mass meetings, political and reform groups, had one common theme to link them together. In Jackson the party was named, a platform was formulated, and candidates were nominated and subsequently elected under the new party label. This park is a living memorial to the spirit which lived in the hearts of men in 1854, lives now and will continue to live in future generations. To commemorate the Under the Oaks site, the United States Flag was flown over the Capitol at the request of the Honorable Car! Purcell, member of Congress. That same flag wil be displayed at the Under the Oaks Park dedication and remain there. 7 Time Capsule Destined for Under the Oaks Park Documents and memorabilia from around the na- tion are being placed in a time capsule scheduled to be buried by the Jackson, Michigan GOP in the Under the Oaks Park in September, 1987. The delay in the burial of the capsule will allow more time for gathering of other documents, in- cluding letters from all living former presidents. (Letters from Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford have already been received.) Additional contributions of items of historical significance are being sought locally and nationally All historical material on hand will be displayed during the park's dedication ceremony on July 11, 1987. People attending the ceremony are invited to ssign their names on a scroll that will be placed in the capsule. All items selected for the capsule will be “wash ed” with nitrogen before being sealed in the chamber (capsule). The chamber, which has 1/2.inch thick acrylic walls, measures 14-1/2 by 14-1/2 by 11 inches. It will be charged with nitrogen to replace the more corrosive oxygen, and then placed in a concrete vault. The Second Ward welcomes the “Under the Oaks Park’’ Mary M. Grover 1rd Commissioner A.D. 5000 4000 2050 1987 Your Vote Can Change History! In 1645, one vote gave Oliver Cromwell control of England. In 1649, one vote caused Charles | of England to be executed. In 1776, one vote gave America the English language instead of German. In 1845, one vote brought Texas into the Union. In 1868, one vote saved President Andrew Johnson from impeachment. In 1875, one vote changed France from a monar. chy to a republic. In 1876, one vote gave Rutherford B. Hayes the Presidency of the U.S. In 1923, one vote gave Adolf Hitler leadership of the Nazi Party. In 1941, one vote saved Selective Service—just weeks before Pearl Harbor was attacked. CONGEATELATIONS) PLFA George E. Potter Thank You Committe Members and Contributors Your caring labors ond financial support have preserved and dignified historical “Under the Oaks’ Joonne Price General Chairman 8 Honor Contributors (Names Inscribed on Plaque) ‘Aeroquip Foundation Jackson, MI Darryl and Sharon Allen Toledo, OH Mary-Keith Ballantine Jackson, MI Benjamin Franklin Bailey Jackson, MI Frances Joy Bailey Jackson, MI Robert Beardslee Fami Spring Arbor, MI Francis X. and Janet Berkemeier Jackson, MI ‘Samuel Higby Camp Foundation Jackson, MI Consumers Power Company Jackson, MI Peter C. Cook Grand Rapids, Ml Dabbert & Fleming, Architects Jackson, MI Jack and Ada Dakessian Jackson, Ml Richard and Helen Devos ‘Ada, MI William J. Dowley Jackson, Ml Richard W. Foster Jackson, Ml Fritz Advertising Co. Spring Arbor, Ml Hillsdale County Republicans Hillsdale, MI Rep. and Mrs. Philip E. Hoffman Horton, Mi Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Hooker West Olive, MI W. Jack Hurula Jackson, MI lonia County Republicans lonia, MI Jackson County Republicans Jackson, MI Jackson Foundation Jackson, Ml Peter P. Lodise Jackson, MI Rocco and Maria Lodise (In Memory Of) Jackson, MI Metcalf Excavating Jackson, MI Mr. and Mrs. Don T. McKone Toledo, OH Charles K. McWhorter New York, NY G. Wiliam and Loisjean Moody Jackson, MI John and Joanne Price Jackson, Mi Republican National Committee ‘Washington, DC Peter and Joan Secchia Grand Rapids, MI Howard and Jean Selland Maumee, OH Senator and Mrs. Nick Smith Hillsdale, Mi St. Joseph County Republicans Three Rivers, Ml M.B. and Jeanne Townsend, Jr. Elk Rapids, MI 19 Support Donors ‘Spencer Abraham, Chairman Michigan Republican Party Lansing, MI Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Barton Jackson, MI William and Dorothy Beardmore Rochester, MI Bob and Frosty Beckwith Hillsdale, MI Mr. and Mrs. Jon Beckwith Hillsdale, Mi Cliff Behrens Jackson, Mi Mr. and Mrs. Gene Bills Jackson, MI Mr. and Mrs. Walt Boris Jackson, MI Jeffrey and Betty Brigham Concord, Mi Bob and Pat Carlton Jackson, MI Dorothy Carmody Concord, Mi Mary Jane Choate Brooklyn, MI Mr. and Mrs. Keith Clayton Jackson, MI Mr. and Mrs. Phil Conley Jackson, MI Anthony Consolino Jackson, MI Richard T. Dirlam Jackson, MI David and Melinda Dodge Spring Arbor, Mi Dr. Patrick C. Easto Ypsilanti, Mi Leroy Ehnis Brooklyn, Mi Mr. and Mrs. 0.8. Falls, Jr. Jackson, MI Ed and Carol Faris Jackson, MI Mr. and Mrs. Alan Featherly Jackson, MI Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Federer Jackson, Ml Joe and Rebecca Filip Jackson, MI Mr. and Mrs. Richard Firestone Jackson, MI Lynn and Pam Frederick Jackson, MI Byron F. Gallagher Spring Arbor, Mi Mathias Gataweiler Jackson, MI Mel and Jewel Gill Jackson, MI Christopher Gordon Brooklyn, MI Bud and Jane Gray Concord, Mi Ursula C. Green Rockford, MI Rep. Michael J. Griffin Lansing, Mi Barbara Hammond Rives Junction, Mi Bob and Dawn Hardy Jackson, Ml Bill Hart Jackson, MI Robert Honer Jackson, MI Frank and Dorothy Howell Jackson, MI Paul A. Howell E. Lansing, Mi Mr. and Mrs. A.P. Hurst Jackson, MI ‘Ada and Jack Hurula Jackson, MI Jackson County Education Assn. P.A.C. Jackson, MI Harvey and Jeane Johnson Jackson, MI Kalkaska County Republicans South Boardman, Mi Mr. and Mrs. Roy H. Kaywood Stockbridge, Ml Ron and Penney Keller Jackson, MI Anne Kelley Jackson, MI Richard Kill Pleasant Lk, MI George and Faith Kline Concord, MI Mr. and Mrs. Robert Koerkel Jackson, MI Mr. and Mrs. Kris Kubish Jackson, MI Larry and Becky Lindemer Stockbridge, MI John and Marilyn Mainey Jackson, MI Bill and Kae Marcoux Jackson, MI William McConkey Jackson, MI Bob and Marie McKenna Jackson, MI Dr. John and Terry McLaughlin Jackson, MI Mary MeVicker Jackson, Mi Midland County Republicans Midland, Mi Melody A. Miller Michigan Center, MI Art and Donna Moehn Jackson, MI Montcalm County Republicans Greenville, MI Bob and Anne Moore Jackson, MI Dick and Nancy Morgan Jackson, Mi Ken and Mary Ellen Murkowski Jackson, Mi Haskell and Mary Nichols Clark Lake, MI Mr. and Mrs. Steve Patch Jackson, Mi Don and Lola Peterson Jackson, Mi Ernest J. Poole Jackson, MI Lloyd and Shirley Preston Jackson, MI Ben and Jeri Probert Jackson, MI Hampton and Enid Pullis, Jackson, MI Charlie and Maritom Pyron Jackson, MI Mr. and Mrs. David Rainey Horton, MI Robert and Elizabeth Ree! Michigan Center, MI Republican Party of Florida Tallahassee, FL Dorothy Comstock Riley Grosse Pointe Farms, MI Rex and Helen Ritchie Brooklyn, MI Mr. and Mrs. Chad Schmucker Spring Arbor, Mi Craig and Ann Seppa Jackson, MI lla J. Smith Jackson, Mi Mr. and Mrs. Fred Southworth Jackson, Mi Lee Spink Hanover, Mi Joanna Steinman Brooklyn, MI Mayor and Mrs. Richard Strunk Jackson, Mi Ed and Margaret Sulski Napoleon, MI Gayle Swinford Jackson, MI Joe and Carol Thomas Jackson, MI Ron Uhiman Jackson, MI Alan and Cecille Weatherwax Jackson, MI Vern Webster Jackson, MI Goldie C. Wright Mesa, AZ Mr. and Mrs. Charles Wrzesinski Jackson, MI a Congratulations 735 years art money is with us. US Thanks To... Robert Adams and staff-Aeroquip Corp. Alan's Printing David Coleman Contest Judges ob Dicker George DuBois Hammond Heraware Marlene Henry vane Hershey Jackson Citzen Patriot Jackson Transit Authority Lumen Chis High Sehool Senior Service Mills Manufacturing Byron Nelson Ted Sagendorph Alex W. Sibley Elizabeth Datand Stanild Wark Stan Gene Wandel » Jeannette Woodard é Gale C. Wright cass GR J X JACKSON COUNTY EDUCATION ASSOCIATION Serving School Employees Jim Boerma, UNISERV Willie Mathews, Jr., UNISERV JCEA/JCEA'/MEA/NEA WHWK IWR WKH IWR WH IC CONGRATULATIONS KICK to the City of Jackson ona great historical milestone: Under the Oaks WALTON INSURANCE AGENCY 787-2600 Remembering... Oaks at Jackson, Michigan, under which the Republican Party was organized July 6, 1854. Stone, marking birthplace of Republican Party, dedicated June 4, 1910. Counting the rings. ..In 1951, a young descendant of Charles DeLand, an 1854 convention member, and State GOP Chairman, examine the fallen Oak from “Morgan's Forty” grove. The oak was subse- quently cut for nationwide distribution as souvenirs (chips and gavels). Michigan Republicans 2181 , Grand River Lansing, Mi 48912 517/487.5413 Marquette Building 243 W. Congress Suite 200 Detroit, Mi 48226 7 313/963-9414 guly 11, 1967 Republicans of Jackson County r Under the Oaks i sencenaeouan Second and Franklin sts. ee Jackson, Michigan — Dear Fellow Republican: irom, 1 want to take this opportunity on behalf of eee all Michigan Republicans to congratulate the one Jackson. county Republican Party on the successful see Completion of the “Under the Oaks” historic park: = The extracrdinary determination and hard work required to raise funds and create this pack is a a great example of what local county parties can accomplish in their communities. be The permanent preservation of the birthplace AE spe moms of the Republican party is an important historical ania gift to Republicans all across the nation. satan Congratulations to your Republican Chairmen Lola Peterson and Joe Thomas and the team they put together to create this historic landmark in which Michigan Republicans can take pride forever. Special thanks to Republicans in Jackson and aia throughout the country who contributed to this historic project. Sincerely, Espen Mat 24 Since 1918, Foote Hospital has grown with Jackson. providing progressive healthcare services to the community through: Modem building complex Expanded Alcohol Rehabilitation and Mental Health units Phase | and Phase I Cardiac Rehabilitation Day Surgery Pre-admission Testing Lifeline, Tel-Med, Tele-Deaf Services Meals on Wheels Wellness Programs — Be Trim, Personal Stress Management, Smoke Stoppers Walk-In Care Center — urgent medical care service cence fama ce 4 even ewe Za A eee an oe aan ae Orcs ot ce me: Se Qo ao a HOSPITAL Poison Control Center Special Care Nursery — Level 1! neonatal intensive care unit Complete Prenatal and Birthing options — prenatal education, modern labor and delivery suites, birthing room Surgical Advances (liposurgery for cosmetic removal of fat, organ procurement team for organ transplants, vaco-emulsion equipment for ultrasound cataract surgery, arthroscopic surgery, lithotripter for ultrasonic kidney stone removal) 25 For All Your Travel Needs (ER RED CARPET TRAVEL Bp HED CARPET TRAVEL, & ‘One Jackson Square + Jackson, Michigan 49201 (517) 788-6664 In Downtown Jackson Free Indoor Parking Spring Arbor College Meeting community needs for 114 years 517-750-1200 © we ert “current” History: ® ‘The Parma News P.O. Box 175 + Parma, Ml 48269 (817) 531-4542 — ee” Seving: Concord» Perma * Hanover * Horton Puss Sandtone = Spring Aroor o 4 2 IJON-JACKSON-SQUARE ‘She Jackson Square © jackson, Michigan 49201 » (S17) 787-8500 peo Bo ES La Lo) THE JACKSON GROUP, INC. 1206 Clinton Road * Jackson, Ml 49202 (817) 787-8300 QUALITY RUBBER STAMPS ¥ Compliments of PB Ss =| AUTO WASH Bowen Creative Services, Inc. A.G. Edwards Investments since 1887 Your corner of Wall Street for 100 years Lou Scheerbaum Faith Kline Bruce Goldsmith Ralph Sickmiller Jeff Clemes Julie Jewel Tom Draper Jim Grace - manager One Jackson Square Jackson, Michigan (517) 787-8860 HARRIS-McBURNEY COMPANY Shares the Celebration Michigan Avenue Michigan 4920 87-1800 Toys, Hobbies, Crafts, Games, Dolls, Bikes, Baby Beds, Books, and A Whole Lot More! Boy and Girl Scout Needs too, TOY HOUSE 400 N. Mechanic Downtown Jackson 787-4500 (Open Mon. & Fri 930 t0 9. Tues., Wed., Thur, Sat 9:90 t0 5:20 JIM WINTER BUICK—GMC NISSAN INC “Something To Believe In’ AND A COMMUNITY TO BE PROUD OF! mid michigan real estate [| Sutera: PKK) A Vote of Admiration for the splendid and devoted efforts of the Under the Oaks Park Commitee. It was @ pleasure working with you to produce this Dedication Brochure. Advertising a CALL: 787-9610 FOR THE “PROFESSIONAL =" AIDES CORPORATE OFFICES: BRANCH OFFICES: CADILLAC @ DFA "YOUR PATIENT EDUCATION EXPERTS BROWN’S PHARMACY 0.P.T.1.0.N. CARE Home I.V. and Nutritional Service HOME HEALTH CARE (OME I.V. THERAPIES ‘SUPPLIES. .NTIBIOTICS. OSTOMY SUPPLIES LUND REPLACEMENT SURGICAL SUPPLIES Ml TOTAL PARENTERAL MASTECTOMY & NUTRITION (TPN) (ORTHOPEDIC FITTINGS 1015 W. Michigan + Jackson, Michigan 48202 (617) 789-7302 Phone Pharmacy (517) 7886111 Emergency (517) 780-3025 CONGRATULATIONS TO JACKSON AND. ITS PLA IN HISTORY! JAMES C. BUTTERFIELD, INC. 111 East Michigan Avenue * Jackson, Ml 49201 (617) 787-5000 TRAVEL SERVICE, Inc. 405 SOUTH JACKSON STREET JACKSON, MICHIGAN 49201 Serving Your Needs for Salt « Fetizer * Lime « Anhydrous Ammania ‘Quality Blue Grass Sod Sirco- LITTLE GREEN ACRES FARM SERVICE. INC. 10765 Thorne Rd. « Horton, MI 49246 Lt and Bonnie Spink 1517156.2766 2000 Holiday nn Drive Jackson, Michigan 49202 (517) 783-2681 THE CRAFT AGENCY INC. Professional Insurance Services JACKSON, MICHIGAN 787-0077 es OW nto that Aeroquip Corporation has come a long way since its founding in 1940. Back then, we had one plant in Jackson and just two pro- ducts. Today, we have more then SO plants in 15 countries, producing hundreds of different products for use across virtually all industry. But although we've grown through the years, Jackson is still ur home. Our corporate headquarters, Aerospace Division and. Industrial Products Division provide jobs for more than 1,200 Jackson ‘area people. Jackson-made Aeroquip products include a wide range of aerospace hose and fittings, couplings, and industrial hydraulic and pneu- matic cylinders. We're proud to be Jack- son's largest. industrial employer. AEROQUIP CORPORATION 300 South East Avenue Jackson, Michigan 49203-1972 ATRIWIOVA COMPANY