Livincstone’s History OF THE PUBLICAN PARTY. STORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY FROM ITS UNDATION TO THE CLOSE OF THE CAM- PAIGN OF 1900, INCLUDING INCIDENTS OF MICHIGAN CAMPAIGNS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. DETROIT, MICHIGAN: Wn, Livixestoxe, Punuisier, Br WM. LIVINGSTONE, DETROIT, MICHIGAN. Pre Wor! Det 935, Ney TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. NOTED SENATORIAL CONTESTS Stechegeeee seiueenes 115 Men Who Have Been Sent to he Un 1m Mi ignn Si te Was Sanita the Ue ot «Hepebian "Senators eusoken Bie ‘te Cia vty rgani of Distinguished Ni sin Which the Y 0 Sot Fill Out ‘Their ‘Terms—The Rare Case of an Appointee Who De- the Honor--Out of Twelve Senators Six Were Hlected a Second THE STATE INSTITUTIONS. See paccstional , Mlecmoaynacy, Reforniatory ha eal tations od Biiesige—Nentiy All Betablished Since the peels Party Came into Pera Thy Tank with the Boot nthe Oba vision for All the Needs of the State. ral Pro. I, SKETCHES OF LEADING REPUBLICANS.......... 22-405 Avery, Lincoln... beock, Samuel S........ 34 gley, John J...... z : 35 er, Henry B......... 38 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Barker, a A Bates, Ges Bates, thomas v. Bates, William Kk. . Bielman, Charles Bird, Arthur C. Bishop, Jerome I. Bishop, Roswell P. Ss harlow Bliss, Aaron '? Blodgett, Delos A. Blodgett, John W Boutell, Benjamin. Boynton, Nathan Smith atten Ball. Ss oer Tai ex Brunson, William TL. . Odes es Buttertield Ore Cady, Burt Deward........0... eves . 88 Cahill, Edward 7 s Campbell, Henry 4 Campbell, James V Campbell, Milo D ‘ oo ee Carpenter, William L........ ~ cree wets, 0 sarstens, J. Henry. Carter, David. . TABLE OF CONTENTS. eM. nd, Charles 13. yharles P. orge M.. m, Freeman B... TABLE OF CONTENTS. ‘dwards, Henry Elliott, William H...... Estabrook John 8. Fall, Delos.. Farnsworth, Frederick Finn, Albert H. Flowers, Charles... Fordney, ose | W. Fuller, Otis. Gage, Dewitt C.ccscnccnaA erect se een ee jage, William G.... Gardner, Washington. Giddings, J. Wight. . Giddings, Theron F.. Gilchrist, Frank V Gilson, Frank R.. Gordon, William D. Gore, Victor M Graham, Charles T. Gower, Cornelius A. Grant, Claudius B TABLE OF CONTENTS. ick, William -y, Samuel i TABLE OF CONTENTS. Kinne, Edward D. Kirby, Frank Lemon, Samuel M.... Livingstone, William. Long, Charles D Longyear, John W. Longyear, John M. Loveland, Ralph.. Loveland, Ralph Luce, Cyrns G.... MeAlvay, Aaron V. MeCabe, James ( McGregor, William H. McGraw, William T. McKay, James B.. MeLanghlin, James ©. McLeod, Alexander I. Medfilian, Hugh. Madden, Edwin ©. Maitland, Alexander Montgomery, Robert M. Moore, George W Moore, Joseph B. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Sayre, Ira... Schmidt, Carl E Shepard, James M.._. Shepard, Theodore F. Stockbridge, Francis B. Stocking, William...... Swan, Henry H.. Thompson, Albert D. 380 Thompson, Willian B 3B8L « Townsend, Charles Elroy. . B82 Vance, Samuel W Van Zile, Philip 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS. ‘THE fee BUCAN 3 a etiee ASSOCIATION. . .409-416 nn Republican, Newspapers, Tt a State FU Perce ‘and Promotes Efficiency in Work—An Outline of Ite Plans and Pur- oses—A Brief Sket a of Its History—The Annual Banguets—List of Officers From the BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, 35 inary for two years and a half, then filled the chair of mathe- ies in the Kansas State Normal School at Emporia for one year, had charge of the schools of Mt. Clemens two years. Daring is time he also delivered courses of lectures on the Science of Gov- €mment, wrote many articles on educational topies for various Edu- tional publications; commenced the study of law in 1872 as leisure as found; was admitted to the bar in the spring of 1876, came to oit in July of 1876, and has continued to reside and practice eever since. He was clected member of the State Board of Edu min 1886, and served for six years, declining a renomination his term expired, and served two years as member of the Board ‘The work which he did for the State while ing ii speaks for itself. He has been twice elected Estimator m the Fourth Ward of Detroit. Every political office he has held s come to him. unsought. Mr. Babcock’s business life has been filled with a good measure success, due to intelligence and upright endeavor. In polities he been a Republican ever since there was such a party, having cast inst yote for Lincoln, He has been delegate to four State Con- jons and has had much to do with educational legislation in this ite, while the present law relative to the Michigan State Normal ol was very nearly all drafted and rearranged by him. He has a member and director of the Michigan Club since its organiza- ; was one of its directors up to the spring of 1900, when he igned from the board on account of business engagements which equired all his time and strength. He was its President in 1897. He has always been a member of his Ward Club, as a matter of course. He is a member of the American Historical Society, a of the Grand Army of the Republie, is a member of the Royal num, and has been honored by his comrades and brethren with sof importance, He was married in 1865 to Olive Perkins, who ried Frances E. Everts in 1872. They have ret H., Myrtle E., and Myra E. JOHN JUDSON BAGLEY would be characterized by those who v him most intimately as emphatically the large-hearted Governor ichigan, for there was none that had a warmer side toward the fortunate, the dependent and even the criminal wards of the State. was a descendant of the Bagley family who came from England ‘ly in the Seventeenth Century, grandmother, Olive Judson, a danghter of Captain Timothy Judson, a soldier of the Revolu. ‘Mhe Jndsons were a prominent family in Connecticut, descended an old English family in Yorkshire, who came to America in Mand first settled in Concord, Mass. There were many ministers ie family, among them the Rev. Adoniram Judson, the noted missionary. Through the Judsons he was also a descendant 36 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. of Rev. Thomas Hooker, who came from Hertfordshire, England, and established the first chureh in Connecticut. John Bagley, the father of Governor Bagley, was born in Dur Greene County, New York. He established himself in business in Medina, but afterwards moved to Lockport. His wife wes a native of Connecticut, a woman of education and refinement, with strength and force of character, and the son always spoke with gr respect and affection of her and of her influence in moulding his own character. He was one of a family of eight children, and was born at Medina, Orleans County, New York, July 24th, 1832. Both parents were devout and active members of the Episcopal Church, and his mother intended to educate him for the ministry; but’ financial reverses came to the family, and they found what in those days was considered a fortune suddenly swept away. Michigan had recently heen admitted as a State, and Mr. Bagley, hoping to regain what he had lost, moved from Lockport to St. Joseph County, in this State, stopping a few months at Mottville, and then going to Constantine, and from there to Owosso, in Shiawassee County, John J. Bagley attended school at Constantine, White Pigeon and Owosso. He began his business life ina country store in Con stantine, and after the family moved {0 Owosso he engaged as clerk in the firm of Dewey & Goodhue and there he received his early business training. ‘The hours of work were early and late, but a little time could always be found for reading and study. When fourteen years of age he left Owosso and found employment in the tobacco store and factory of Isaac 8. Miller, in Detroit. In 1853, when twenty-one years of age, he established a tobacco manufactory of his own on Woodward avenue, below Jefferson. From a moderate beginning the business, afterwards incorporated under the firm name of John 4. Pagley & Co. grew to be one of the largest of its kind in the country, and the source of an ample income to founder. Although he had passed through pinching times in his Youth, Mr. Bagley was both liberal and enternrising with the profits that came from this business in after years. He was not only gener- ous toward his own employes, who were very much attached to him, but made other investments in concerns that gave employment ta labor, particularly in the Detroit Company, of which he was one of the original stockholders and fe ul vears President. He was one of the incorporators of the Michigan Mutual Life Insurance Com pany, and served as its President for several years. He was also ono Uf the first stockholders in the Wayne County Sayings Bank and the American National Bank, and helped organize the Merchants’ and Manufacturers’ Exchange. Mr. Bagley took early to political life, and was always interested in municipal and other public affairs. He was at first ‘a Whig, but joined in the movement to organize the Republican Party, to which he was always afterwards attached, He was a member of the Board of Education soon after he became a voter, and of the Common Coun. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. aT cil eight years later. He drafted the Act under which the Metropoli- tan Police Force of Detroit was organized; was one of the first Commissioners, and after he became Governor was especially careful in his selection of members of that body. He also helped to establish the Detroit House of Correction, and was one of its first inspectors. In 1872 Mr. Bagley who had previously done good service on the Republican State Central and local commitices, was elected Governor, by over 56,000 plurality and was recleeted in L874. His first message as Governor was a breezy, bristling document, full of original sug. gestions and altogether out of the usual stereotyped run of official communications. During his Administration the State Board of Health, and the State Board having general supervision of the charit- able and penal institutions were permanently established, though the latter had been recommended by his predecessor. An Act had been passed in 1871, looking toward the establishment of a school for dependent children. Governor Bagley was a member of the first Board of Control, of which he afterwards remained, as Governor, an exofficio member. He ever took a great interest in this institution, remembered it annually at Christmas time with presents for the scholars, and left a fund of $1,000, the income of which is devoted to the same purpose. He also gave to the school a fountain to orna- ment the grounds. Through his efforts some of the prison features of the State Reform School were relaxed and that was made more of an educational institution than before, while the harsh discipline of the State Prison and House of Correction was modified, He was a strenuous advocate of the taxing system of regulating the liquor trafic, in place of the inoperative prohibitory system, and it was during his second term that the prohibitory clause was stricken from the Constitution. He also urged the reorganization of the militia, and aided in establishing that service on its present foundation. During his Administration also a general railroad law was passed, and the office of State Railroad Commissioner was created. All of these and Many other important measures were promoted by Governor Bagley, either through his messages or by his direct personal influence, Governor Bagley was twice a undidate for the Republican nom: ination for the United States Senate, once in 1879, after Senator Christianey’s resignation, and again in 1881 after Senator Chandler's death, ‘The last time he came within one vote of the nomination, whieh finally went to Omar D, Conger. In September, 1880, he had a ‘slight stroke of paralysis, from which he never recovered, and he Gied July 27th, IS81, at the age of 49. His will contained bequests for ‘number of local charities. He also made generous gifts to all who ‘ad been in his employ for five years or more, and left the sum of $5,000 with which to erect a public drinking fountain in Detroit. His heirs increased this amount to about $10,000 and the fountain was ‘erected on the open square at the head of Fort Street West, and was unyeiled on May 30th, 1887. 3y HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. In 1855 Mr. Bagley married Miss Frances E, Newbury, of Dubuque, Iowa, whose father, Rev. Samuel Newbury, a Presbyterian clergyman, was one of the pioneers in the establishment of the educa- tional institutions of the State, helping to do in Michigan what his friend and correspondent, Horace Mann, did in Massachusetts. | Mr. and Mrs. Bagley had eight children, of whom are living: Mrs. Flor- ence B, Sherman, John N. Bagley, Mrs. Frances B. Brown, Mrs Olive Bagley Buttrick, of Concord, Mass.; Paul Frederick and M Helen Bagley Anderson, of Colorado Springs, Colorado. The two sons are in the business which their father established in 1853. DR. HENRY BROOKS BAKER, of Lansing, for nearly three cades the zealous and efficient Secretary of the Michigan State -d of Health, was born in Brattleboro, Vermont, December 29th, 37, the son of Ezra Baker, a fulling mill proprietor, and Deborah K. Bake s ancestors came from England, but lived several generations in New England. His great grandfather was an officer in the Revolutionary War, his grandfather was a member of the Vermont Legislature, and his grandmother was a member of the Brooks family in Massachusetts. His mother was from the Bigelow family in the same State, and her ancestry is from the same stock as Senator Hoar and General Garfield. There were the same number of generations from a common ancestor to President Garfield as to Dr. Baker's son Dr. Baker received his elementary education in the common schools of Vermont, Massachusetts and Michigan, and studied medi cine in the University of Michigan, and in Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City. From the latter he received the degree of M. D. in 1866, and from the former the honorary degree of A. M. it 1890, From the time he was 14 years of age young Baker maintained himself, being clerk in stores and hotel, and later a school teacher, With his brother he was proprietor of the old “Lansing House” in Lansing, Mich., for a few years, including the legislative session of 1857. Among the guests at the Lansing House that session, were Governor Bingham, Hon. Jacob M. Howard, Hon. 8. M. Holmes, Hon. Fr: W. Kellogg, and Hon. Perry Hannah. He enlisted as a private in the War of the Rebellion, served for about a year as hospital steward, about one year as acting-assistant surgeon, and one year as ant surgeon; the first two years of his army service he being on duty at the operating table at division hospital whenever his division was engaged in battle. ‘Dr. Baker cast his first ballot for Abraham Lincoln in 1864, and has worked with the Republican party ever since, though he has never” held any political office, except that of Village Treasurer of Wenona, Bay County, in 1870. An interesting political reminiscence is of meeting Kinsley 8. Bingham in Jackson at the time of the meeting “Under the Oaks;” he having then been a clerk in a store, the “cost 5S HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Mr. Blades was made a Master Maxon in June, 1850; a Royal Atel Mason in 1852; a Knight Templar, Detroit Commandery, in 1856; received the several grades of the A. and A. Rite in 1862, and the thirty-third Degree in 1863. He has been active in all departments of the work since 1850. AUSTIN BLAIR, one of the great War Governors in whom the exigencies of the times gave development and play to the highest qualities, came of a sturdy ancestry, and proved worthy of his parent: age and early training. ‘The first of the race in this country was dames Blair, who came from Scotland in 1756, and settled on a piee of land near Worcester, Massachusetts. His grandson, George Blait, felled the first tree, built the first log cabin and burned the first log heap in Tompkins County, New York, in 1809, and lived there until his death sixty years later. He married Rhoda Blackman, an ener getic, thrifty, warm-hearted woman of Dutch descent, and to them the subject of this sketch was born February Sth, 1818. During bis carly years he had the usual routine of a farm boy, working on the farm two-thirds of the year, and attending school the other third, ‘The father was an educated man and the mother was ambitious for her family, and means were furnished Austin to aid in securing @ better education. He took mathematical and classical studies in Cazenovia Seminary; spent one year in Hamilton College and then went to Union College, which was under the Presidency of the emin- ent Dr. Nott, graduating from there in 1 He immediately began the study of law in the office of Sweet & Davis, at Owego, was admitted to thecbar in 1841, and the same year moved to Jackson, Michigan, In 1812 he located in Eaton Rapids and was elected Clerk of Eaton County. In 1844 he returned to Jackson, which was his home for the next half century. Mr. Blair was, from the outset, deeply interested in public affairs and always took an active part in polities, He was in demand as a speaker, as early as the Henry Clay campaign of 1844, and then laid the foundation for his enduring reputation as a campaign orator. In i845 he saw his first Legislative experience as. a member of the Lower House of the Michigan Legislature, in which he rendered valuable service in the work of revising the Statutes. He was also largely instrumental in securing the abolition of eapital punishment in Mich- igan. For this he was denounced as an infidel, in a sermon preached hy Rey, Dr. George Duftield, of Detroit. He also reported from the Judiciary Committee a proposition to strike the word “white” from the clause of the Constitution which related to the suffrage. In this matter he was away in advance of the sentiments of the Whig party, and his advocacy of the measure caused his defeat in the next elev: tion. Ih IS48 he was a member of the Free Soil Convention at Buffalo, and was one of the Committee of Conference, representing different BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 39 party interests, that nominated Van Buren and Adams. Six years Jater he was among those who hailed with acclaim the movement for uniting in one organization the anti-slavery sentiment of all the old parties. He attended the Convention at ‘Jackson, was one of the ‘ommittee on Resolutions, and reported to the Convention a minority orm,-hecause he thought the one prepared by the majority of the conynittee was not strong enough in its utterances. Any one who has read the platform as adopted, and as given in the third chap. ter of Volume 1. of this publication, will see that Mr. Blair's views on the slavery question must have been very pronounced if that was to mild for his liking. In that campaign he was elected to the State ed in drafting the “Personal Liberty Bill,” Senate, where he assist designed for the protection of fugitive slaves. He supported Fremont for President in 1856, and in 1860 he was Chairman of the Michigan legation in the Convention at Chicago which nominated Lincoln for President. He was, with the rest of the delegation, a strong ward partisan, but when Lincoln's nomination was’ made he ledged support to the nominee in one of the most graceful speeches of the occasion, Ju the State Convention that followed Mr. Lincoln's nomination, . Blair was named as the Republican candidate for Governor, was lected by over 20,000 majority over the Democratic candidate, the opular Ex-Governor Barry. ‘Two years later, when the Union arms id met with reverses, and the dissatisfied clements in the North ere consolidated into the Union party, he was re-el ajority over Byron G. Stout. For the four years of hi ineumbency this office Governor Blair's biography is an important part of the ‘ar history of the State. He was not only patriotic to the core, but is energetic in recommending and pushing all war measures, in uipping Michigan troops, who were second to none in the volunteer ny, and was solicitous in looking after the nd welfare of ese troops. During this period he not only expended the meager “lary which the State paid its Governors, but depleted his private ans, in paying the extraordinary expenses which attended the ion, Governor Blair was clected a member of Congress in 1866, elected in 1868, and again in 1870. Tis most conspicuous service i the House of Representatives was ax a member of the Committee Foreign Affairs and the Committee of Ways and Means. He sup: ported vigorously the principle of protection, as embraced in the bill for the revision of the tariff in the Forty-first Congress. He was also amember of the Committee on Revision of the Laws. Hix integrity der great tempiations was recognized by Speaker Blaine in. his pointment to the Chairmanship of the Committee on Claims in the iy-second Congress, a committee whose firmness and honesty are len subjected to the severest text by the methods of men having wge claims of questionable character. Governor Blair was a man 10 could be trusted under any circumstances. Whatever interest 60, HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. enlisted his support must first secure the approval of his consciene after that he was carnest and persistent in its adyocacy. A great guestion involving principle aroused him and occasioned the display of rare powers of orate Of his Congressional career James G. Blaine said in his “Twenty Years in Congress:” “Austin Blair, who had won great praise as Governor of Michigan during the war, now entered as Representative of the Jackson District. He exhibited talent in debate, was disti guished for industry in the work of the House and for intlexible integ- rity in all his duties. He was not a party man in the ordinary sense of the word, but was inclined rather to independence in thought and This habit separated him from his friends who had wished to promote his political ambition, and estranged him for a time from the Republican party. But it never lost him the confidence of his neighbors and friends and did not impair the good reputation he had in his public career, Governor Blair had senatorial aspirations, but they were never ized, althongh in the caucus in Isv1 he seemed to be yer the p There were many things in President Gr: istration that he did not approve, and he went into the Liberal Repub- lican movement in 187: ding that ticket as the candidate for Governor, His subsequent welcome back to the Republiean party, in spite of this defection, showed-how strong a hold he had upon the affections of the people.’ Tn 1881 he was elected Regent of the Unive sity of Michigan and in IS85 he was chosen Prosecuting Attorn Jackson County. He was nominated by the Republic of the Supreme Court in the sp the whole Republican tieket wa In the intervals of his official life Governor Blair practiced the profession in which he had a high standing. He was admitted to the in the Circuit and Supreme Courts of the United States, and ved the degree of LL. D. both from Hillsdale College and from ign University. He continued in practice almost up to the time of his death, August 6th, A804. The Legislature of 1895 passed an appropriation for a memorial statue, which now stands in the Capitol grounds at Lansing. Governor Blair was married, Febrnary 16th, 1849, to Sarah L, Ford, nee Horton, Four sons, George H.: Charles A. Pred J. and Austin 'T. Blair, survive them, of ns for Justice ig of 1883, but that was a year when CHARLES A. BLAIR, of Jackson, is a member of one of the ver large number of families that moved originally from the British Isles ew England, thence, after two or three generations to “York State,” and after another generation or two to Michigan or Wiscon- sin. Robert Blair, Sr., and his wife, Elizabeth Rankin, were both of Scotch ancestry, though Mr. Blair was born in Londonderry, Ireland, ‘They emigrated to New England in 1718. Two generations 100 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY, D rsley No. 3108, Independent Order of Foresters; Flint Lodge No. 222, B. P. 0. B.; was Worshipful Master of Genesee Lodge No. 174 in 1890 and 1891, and Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Michigan, F. & A. My in 1896; has been Commander of Venus ‘Tent No. 275, two years, and is at the present time General Counsel of the Great Camp of the K. 0. 'T. M. for n, He was elected Exalted Ruler of Plint Lodge No. n the spring of 1893, and served one | year, was again elected Exalted Ruler in the spring of 1900 and is the present Exalted Ruler. He was married to Addie C. Pierson at Ukiah, in the State of California, on November 224, 1898, but has no children. ision No. 1, Knights of the Loyal Guard; Court K ZACHARIAH CHANDLER was, for nearly a quarter of a cen tury, the most conspicuous figure gan politics, and was” among the most distinguished Republicans in the whole country, Many events of his career have fallen naturally into the recital of the general history of the time. But the history would not be com plete without, in addition, at least a brief personal sketch. Mr Chandler belonged to the New England family of that name, descend: ants of William Chandler, who came from England in the days of the Puritan immigration nd settled in Roxbury, Massa: chusetts. A century later Zechariah Chandler received a grant of land in Sauhegan-Fast in the right of his wife, who was the daughter of a soldier in the King Phillip war. ‘The land thus granted was situated in what is now the town of Bedford, New Hampshire, and is. the only farm in the town that has remained continuously in the ownership of descendants of the original grantees. Tt was upow this farm that Zachariah Chandler, or as he was christened Zacharias. Chandler, was born, December 10th, 1813. His parents were Samuel Chandler and Margaret Orr, danghter of General Stark’s most trusted officer, Colonel John Or children were seven in mum ber, Zachariah being the sixth, ‘The father, Samuel, died in 1870 at the age of 95 and the mother in 18 Chandler and Orr families had generally been long lived his two brothers died w atively young, Zachi s a boy Zach: quick-fempered and self-reliant, “as good a farm hand as there was) fond of athletic sports and the best wrestler in town, 2 good leader but an unruly subordinate. He was enrolled one year in the lo militia, but at the first general muster was arrested for disobedienet to the orders of his captain, who was younger than himself and whom he could easily ontmow and outwresile. His rndimentary educati was obtained in a little brick school house’ in Redford that was stil standing at the time of his death, fifty years later. He also attendi the academies at Pembroke and Derry, and taught school one winte BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Ww neighboring district. ‘That same winter a Dartmouth Sophomore cht in the little brick school house, “boarded around,” and was a itor at the Chandler farm. ‘This was James FP. Joy, tween whom. and young Chandler there sprang up an intimacy lasted a life time, and which was one of the influences that sequently turned Mr. Joy's attention to Detroit, life, fret in Nashua, and later in the same year, in compa law, Franklin Moore, he moved io Detroit, where opened a small general store, under the firm name of Moore ndler. ‘Three years later Mr. Chandler bonght out his partner i continued, on his own account, a business which laid the founda is of a large fortune. He was prudent and economical, worked and late, and slept in the store. He kept a good stock, bought jndgment, and was not surpassed as a salesman by any one in the As the interior of the State developed, he added jobbing his retail trade, cultivated this branch with assiduity, frequently fing the interior towns, and commenced the wide acquaintance in after years, was an important factor in his political success. as a good judge of character, and numbered the best men in the ate among his friends. ‘Mr, Chandler, during his earlier residence in Detroit, took but time away from business, except to keep up an active connec with the Presbyterian Chureh and the Young Men’s Society, but en his mercantile success became assured he began to take an part in municipal and political atta’ first appearance olities was as one of the V gates to the Whig Convention in 1850, r later he was nominated for Mayor General John R. Williams, who had held that office for ‘six and who was considered invincible. Mr. Chandler organized tle with characteristic vigor and thoroughness, ward and made a strong personal canvass. Tn the nd was elected by 350 majority. ‘ed at the same time a large portion of Tn the Whig State Convention of 1852 oman informal nor Mr. Chandler had seventy-six votes against thir for all others and on a formal ballot received every vote but ‘The nomination was 1 nst his wish, but having been hesaccepted it and went into the canvass with a will. He ited all the leading towns in the State, and spoke almost con. ily for six weeks before election. He was defeated, but in the yaign developed a strength that placed him at the head of the party in the State, for he received 800 more votes than were to the party candidate for the Presidency, and led the rest of ticket from 500 to 4,000 votes. The Democrats had a large nity in the Legislature chosen at that time, and elected Charles art to the Unjted States Senate, but Mr. Chandler received a entary vote from the entire Whig membership. cant 102 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Mr. Chandler's party, as well as personal attachments, were very strong, and he was reluctant to give up the Whig organization when. that step was first proposed in order to form a union of all the AntiDemocratie forees. But he soon saw that that was the only way to give effect to Anti-Slavery sentiment, which he greatly desired, or to beat the Democrats, for which his desire was still stronger. He therefore joined in the movements which led to the Jackson Convention, attended that gathering, made one of the best short speeches that was there uttered, and afterwards took the stump for the ticket. When the Senatorial term of General Cass expired in 1857 Mr. Chandler was natur among those thought of for the succession, and after a short contest received the nomination. He at once took rank among the radical leaders in the Senate, a position which he maintained during the whole of the stormy period that fol lowed. He was courageous and outspoken in opposition to. the aggressions of the Pro-Slavery element in the Democracy, a stanneh supporter afterward of President Lincoln in all his war measures, am advocate of the Constitutional Amendments and of the radical recon- struction measures that followed. No better indication of his inher- ent strength of character could be given than the fact that he was one of the most trusted advisers of the two greatest men of the time, Lincoln and Grant. Aside from his important contributions to the general legisla tion of the period Senator Chandler was, more than any other single individual, entitled to the credit of three great measures. He was one of the first advocates, and certainly the most strenuous of any, of Government improvement of the harbors and great waterways of the country, and as Chairman, for many years, of the Senate Com mittee on Commerce he was able to give effect to his views, and crystallize them into a fixed policy. He was the principal mover of the Committee on the Conduct of the War, and was its leading spirit throughout its whole service, and it was this committee that first put into definite statement the vague popular impression of defects in our military system, and of shortcomings in some of our leading generals, The committee not only pointed out defects, but proposed remedies, and was probably the most useful civil commission organ: ized for war purposes, that ever existed in any country. Tf it had done nothing more than to rid the Army of the Potomae of General McClellan and to give Grant a chance, it would have been entitled to the thanks of the Nation. Senator Chandler was the first very pronr inent man in the West to take a stand against the soft money ideas that became current in that section in the seventies. And he took his position then, knowing well that it might endanger his political future. When it was announced that he was to lead the honest money: forces in the Republican State Convention of 1878 one of his friends remonstrated with him, saying that the Republicans were going to be defeated, and defeat under Chandler’s leadership would injure his future prospects. Mr. Chandler's reply'was: “You're a coward BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 108 in polities. I'm going to preside at that Convention, and I'm going to be Chairman of the Committee. And I think we shall win. Bui if Michigan Republicanism goes down, I will go with it.” The reply was characteristic, for there never was a time when Mr. Chandler would not have suffered defeat rather than to yield his convictions. Mr. Chandler's appointment as Secretary of the Interior by Pres- ident Grant afforded him a new opportunity. He proved to be the best practical reformer of the decade. ‘The department was filled With incompetents and honeycombed with corruption, Tn less than six months he made it one of the best organized and freest from sean dals of any department. During the last year of Mr. Chandler's life he stood higher in public esteem than ever before. The stalwart character of his poli tics and his abrupt way of stating opinions did not strike the fancy of some of the Eastern Republicans who had leanings toward Mug- wumpism. But when those in Massachusetts saw defeat staring them in the face in 1879, they besought Mr. Chandler to come. to their State, and make a few of his hard money speeches, and nothing in the whole campaign pleased him more than this. At the time of his father’s death Mr. Chandler told a fellow Se ator that he was going to attend the funeral of his father who died at the age of 95, when the Senator replied, “Zack, you'll live to be a hundred and then you'll die in a fight.” He did not live to be a hundred, but he did die in the thick of a fight, for he had just con cluded a remarkably successful stumping tour in Wisconsin and had made one excellent hard money speech in Chicago, when during the night of October 31st, 1879, he died at his rooms in the Pacific Hotel, leaving a reputation as one of the strongest of the great men whom the war period produced. THOMAS HAWLEY CHRISTIAN has had a varied business experience in Wayne County, and a political experience of some note as well. He is the son of Dr. Edmund P. Christian, one of the best known physicians and druggists in the County, and was born in Detroit, June 30, 1856. He was educated mainly in the common schools. completing his education in the Wyandotte High School. After graduation he commenced work for himself in the Wyandotte Silver Smelting Wo He stayed there two years, and in the few following years was successively employed in the Pharmaceutical laboratory of Farrand, Williams & Co., of Detroit; proprietor of a drug store in Farwell, Mich.; an employe in the laboratory of John J.Dodds & Co.; traveling salesman for Perrin & Snow, of Detroit, and afterwards of a Cleveland firm; assistant bookkeeper for the Eureka Trou & Steel Works; teller and bookkeeper of tae Wyandotte Savings Bank, and finally in the employ of the extensive rug manufacturing firm of J. H. Bishop & Co. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. AT untiring industry, making a record creditable to himself, and valua- le to the muni: y which employed him. Mr. Joslyn has been a working Republican ever since he attained his majority; cast his first vote for Grant, and has voted for every Republican candidate for President since; went on the stump first in 1872, and has spoken in every campaign from that time to this. He has been delegate to nine Republican State Conventions, commence: ing with 1878, and ending with 1898. He has never been a member of the Legislature, but many of the most important political and Detroit municipal measures were framed by him. Tolities and Jaw business have so absorbed Mr. Jos! tion, that he has not been much given to society al He has retired from tke political arena and is now devoting his entire time to his law practice, which is a large one. He is married and has three children, Max'A., Mice E. and Louise D. ms atten: AMES FREDERICK JOY was one of three distinguished men furnished by the Southeastern part of New Hampshire to promote the growth of Michigan and the Northwest. Lewis Cass, the first of the three, belonged to the formative period of this region, the era of exploration and of post roads, and he did more than anyone else to give Michigan Territory a system of local self government, and such road improvements as Were at the time possible. Zachariah Chand Jer, in addition to his other illustrious services to the State and Nalion, was the earliest and most efficient promoter of the system of fiver and harbor improvements that have made possible the mighty fleets that now traverse the Great La To Mr. Joy's efforts the West is indebted for the construction of several of the great arteries of land for he was one of the pioneers of railroad building jin the West, and one of the most zealous and far seeing promoters of this modern method of transportation. The three were born in New Hampshire towns within ten, twenty and thirty-one miles of cach other respectively, and they were for many yeats close neigh hors in Detroit, the Ciiy of their adoption, Mr. Joy was bern in Durham, N Hampshire, December 20th, 1810, the son of James and Sarah Pickering Joy, his father and mother both being descended from historic fami that State. His father was Calvinist in religious faith, and brought up his family under rigid rules of conduct, with high ideais of business and polit cal integrity, and with an eye always to a liberal education. The ‘son attended the public schools of his vicinity, paid his way through College, in part by teaching, and graduated from Dartmouth as val- @dictorian of his class, in 1835. He then entered the Cambridge Law School, which was in charge of the famous Professor Greenleaf and Judge Story. He was an expecial favorite with Judge Story, who predicted for him a brilliant career as a lawyer. Tn September. 1836, he entered the law office of Augustus S. Porter, of Detroit, and a year 248 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. later was admitied to the bar and eniered into partnership with George S Porter. The two were well caleulated to work together. Mr. Porter had beer a banker, had a useful knowledge of financial affairs, was a good bookkeeper, and was methodical and thorough in the gathering of material bearing upon a case, while Mr, oy had nt in the West in the conduct of cases in court. The red upon a lucrative practice, and for many years there was hardly an important case in Michigan or Ilinois in whiel Mr. Joy did not appear. He was counsel for the old Bank of Michi gan, for a number of Eastern parties having large interests in. the West, and for the Minois Railroad, which was then laying the foun: dation for what is now the Hliois Central System. "Railroad law was not then as well established as it is now, and the litigation con nected with it led Mr. Joy into fields not before that time explored. In 1847, after the State of Michigan had tired of its ambitious J and canal projects, and was nearly bankrupt, if offered the gam Central and Michigan Southern Railroads for sale. Mr. doy and John W. Brooks, of Boston, used their influence to induce Boston capitalists to purchase the first named road. Mr. Brooks became President of the new company. and Mr. Joy was attorney and general coursel for the road. ‘This connection continued until 1865, when Mr. Joy succeeded Mr. Brooks as President, ‘The connection thus formed brought Mr. Joy into the great work of his life, the development of the railroad system of the West, Tt was during his early connection with it that the Michigan Cen tral was completed to Chicago. He had the foresight to discern the fact that the future success of the road would depend much upon the promptness with which it put out feeders inte sections that were then new, but were growing. It was due almost entirely to his efforts that a new road was built from Jackson to Grand Rapids, another from Detroit to Ray City, and a third, the Air Line, from Jackson to Niles, and.that the old road from Jackson to Owosso was acquired and extended through Saginaw to the Straits of Maek- i ‘These have since all proved valuable feeders to the matin line of the Michigan Central. He was also the main promoter and builder of the Detroit, Lansing & Northern, the Chicago & West an and the Kalamazoo & South Haven. Mr. Joy also organized the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy. con- ting the Imperial City of the Lakes with the Mississippi at two poinis, and established a connection between it and the Hannibal & St. Joseph road, He built two magnificent iron bridges over the Mississippi and then pushed the Burlington road across the Missouri Plattsmouth, and made its Western terminus at Fort Kearney in ebraska. Te also extended a line Southwest into the Indian ‘Ter ritory. Mr. Joy put a tremendous amount of energy into the task of pushing the construction of these great railroad systems, and had the satisfaction of knowing that under his management the BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 249 Michigan Central and the Burlington were among the best dividend ying roads in the country. At a later period was the most active and influential of ie parties interested in bringing the Wabash Railroad to Detroit, ind he was the prime mover in establishing the Union Depot at the ‘corner of Third and Fort. Though past seventy years of age when this was undertaken, he showed all his old time energy, courage and onreefulness in overcoming the numerous obstacles that were interposed by hostile parties. The Union Depot and the viaduct ich gives approach to it are a splendid monument to his public it and his tenacity of purpose. Mr. Joy was a Whig in his early days and a Republican from ‘the time the party was organized. He was a member of the Legisla ¢ of 1861, distinguished for the strength of its membership, and for the efficiency of its war measures. He was a candidate for the ‘Vhited States Senate in 1862, when Jacob M. Howard was chosen. » was elected a Regent of the University in 1881, but resigned after years of service, when two years of his term yet remained. hes» were the only oceasions on which he was a candidate for office, but Te was always a liberal giver to campaign fonds. In 1880 he was delegate to the National Convention at Chicago, and made the mech nominating Blaine. In 1881 he was one of seven Detroit republicans who bought the Post and Tribune, till then the leading emublican paper of the State. He was President of the compan, (I directed the tone of the paper, himself writing or dictating many its editorials, until it was resold in 1885. Mr. Joy retained his mental and bodily vigor to a remarkable ree, When he was long past 80 he almost always walked, and ith a very brisk step, from his home to his office and did wuch of his work standing at a high desk. He was always approachable on msiness. When a visitor entered Mr, Joy would turn from his desk vith a sharp and anick, “Well, sir.” would hear any business pron sition that the visitor had to make, give a vrompt decision or ma an appointment for a future conference, and turn to bis work again, ut after the day’s work was disnosed of. he was always ready for social chat with a friend, when he was full of interesting reminis ‘cence, and showed a fine appreciation of humor. He found time to oratify a cultured literary taste and was one of the comparatively ‘few men of the day who could read Greek as well as the more modern Janguages, He was at his office almost dailv up to within a very “short tim? of his death, which ocenrred September 24th. 1896, at the om He was twice married, and three sons and a danghter -snevive him. = WILLIAM JUDSON, of Ann Arbor, whom everybody knows as “a hustler, and who says he has probably snent more time and money ‘in the interests of the Republican party than anv other man of his “qneans in Michigan, was born October 13th, 1842, in the Township of