Michigan State University AgBioResearch In Cooperation With Michigan Potato Industry Commission Michigan Potato Research Report Volume 47 2015 M i c h i g a n P o t a t o I n d u s t r y C o m m i s s i o n 3515 West Road - Suite A www.mipotato.com email:info@mipotato.com East Lansing, Michigan 48823 517.253.7370 fax 517.253.7373 February 2016 To all Michigan Potato Growers and Shippers, Research is at the core of the work that continues on the part of the industry. Through research we are able to test, to study, and to advance Michigan potato production by bringing experiments to life. As crop research expands, we learn more about diseases and storage management. We are able to look at potatoes and their resistance to insects. We can look at the levels of individual elements in a potato and learn more about their relationship with one another, creating a better vegetable in the process. This year our focus included the genetic makeup of the potato along with continued soil health analysis. The research is aimed to raise the efficiency and sustainability of modern potato production in Michigan, as well as a variety of storage and handling issues. Weather data, insect resistance, and tuber set were also a priority in the research conducted this past year in working towards our overall goal to create an economical, healthy and abundant food source. The following research report was compiled with the help of the Michigan Potato Industry Commission, Michigan State University’s AgBioReseach Stations, and Michigan State University Extension. On behalf of all parties, we are proud to present you with the results of the 2015 potato research projects. We would like to thank our many suppliers, researchers, and all others involved in making this year’s research season a success. As the industry faces new challenges and strives for the perfect potato, we are inspired by the level of cooperation in the industry and look toward future success. Brian Sackett, Chairman Wayne Leep, Vice Chairman Pat DuRussel Phil Gusmano Ted Hanson William Kitchen John Marker Kevin Storm Randy Styma Ex Officios: Jamie Clover-Adams, MDA Dr. Dave Douches, MSU Table of Contents Introduction and Acknowledgements 2015 Potato Breeding and Genetics Research Report D.S. Douches, J. Coombs, K. Zarka, G. Steere, M. Zuehlke, D. Zarka, K. Felcher, N. Manrique, A. Massa, D. Kells, K. McGlew, C. Zhang and S. Nadakuduti 2015 Potato Variety Evaluations D.S. Douches, J. Coombs, K. Zarka, G. Steere, D. Kells, M. Zuehlke, A. Sardarbekov, K. McGlew, C. Zhang, C. Long, W. Kirk and N. Rosenzweig 2015 On-Farm Potato Variety Trials Chris Long, Aaron Yoder, Dr. Dave Douches, Christian Kapp and James DeDecker Page 1 5 20 62 Understanding the chemical ecology of Solanum sp. for Colorado potato beetle management Zsofia Szendrei and Monica Hufnagel 84 Aphid trapping in a Michigan seed potato field Zsofia Szendrei Potato Pathology Update for Crop Year 2015 N. Rosenzweig, L. Steere, R. Schafer and W.W. Kirk Evaluation of fungicide programs for potato late blight control: 2015. N. Rosenzweig, W.W. Kirk, R. Schafer, L. Steere, S. Dangi, P. Somohano, S. Mambetova Seed treatments and seed plus in furrow treatments for control of seed-borne Rhizoctonia solani, 2015. N. Rosenzweig, W.W. Kirk, R. L. Shafer and L. Steere Evaluation of fungicide programs for potato early blight, brown leaf spot control, Botrytis tan spot and white mold, 2015. N. Rosenzweig, W.W. Kirk, R. Schafer and L. Steere In-furrow and foliar fluopyram treatments for control of Verticillium Wilt of potatoes, 2015. L. Steere, R.L. Schafer, N. Rosenzweig and W.W. Kirk 92 94 100 102 105 108 In-furrow and foliar treatment programs for control of Verticillium wilt of potatoes, 2015. L. Steere, R.L. Schafer, N. Rosenzweig, and W.W. Kirk Seed treatments for control of seed-borne Phytophthora infestans (US-23 genotype) in a range of cultivars and advanced breeding lines, 2015. S. Mambetova, R.L. Schafer, S. Dangi, L. Steere, N. Rosenzweig and W.W. Kirk Crop rotations for enhancing soil health, plant health, and disease management in potato production N. Rosenzweig, W.W. Kirk, A. Chomas, C. Long, R. Schafer L. Steere, and K. Steinke 111 114 118 Effect of soil fumigants on potato soilborne disease management: 2015 125 N. Rosenzweig, W. Kirk, C. Long, R. Schafer, and L. Steere On-Farm Soil Health Action Research: With Special Reference to Bio-Based Systems George Bird, Noah Rosenzweig, Lisa Tiemann, Bruno Basso, Roy Black, and Chris Long 2014-2015 Michigan Potato Demonstration Storage Annual Report Michigan Potato Industry Commission Chris Long and Aaron Yoder 128 141 2015 MICHIGAN POTATO RESEARCH REPORT INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS C. M. Long, Coordinator The 2015 Potato Research Report contains reports of the many potato research projects conducted by Michigan State University (MSU) potato researchers at several locations. The 2015 report is the 47th volume, which has been prepared annually since 1969. This volume includes research projects funded by the Potato Special Federal Grant, the Michigan Potato Industry Commission (MPIC), Project GREEEN and numerous other sources. The principle source of funding for each project has been noted in each report. We wish to acknowledge the excellent cooperation of the Michigan potato industry and the MPIC for their continued support of the MSU potato research program. We also want to acknowledge the significant impact that the funds from the Potato Special Federal Grant have had on the scope and magnitude of potato related research in Michigan. Many other contributions to MSU potato research have been made in the form of fertilizers, pesticides, seed, supplies and monetary grants. We also recognize the tremendous cooperation of individual producers who participate in the numerous on-farm projects. It is this dedicated support and cooperation that makes for a productive research program for the betterment of the Michigan potato industry. We further acknowledge the professionalism of the MPIC Research Committee. The Michigan potato industry should be proud of the dedication of this committee and the keen interest they take in determining the needs and direction of Michigan's potato research. Special thanks go to Bruce Sackett for the management of the MSU Montcalm Research Center (MRC) and the many details which are a part of its operation. We also want to recognize Michelle Wieferich at MPIC and Aaron Yoder, MSU for helping with the details of this final draft. WEATHER The overall 6-month average maximum and minimum temperatures during the 2015 growing season were nearly identical to the 15 year averages at 73oF and 50oF respectively (Table 1). The average maximum temperatures during the month of September was noticeably higher than 15-year average by 4 oF. Extreme heat events were minimal in 2015 as in the previous growing season (Table 3) where essentially there were only 3 hours (within one day) in which temperatures exceeded 90 oF during the entire summer. The previous 6-year average is of 17 hours over 4 days. Additionally, high nighttime temperatures (over 70 oF) were much lower than normal; in 2015, 6 fewer days and 77 fewer nighttime hours were recorded when compared with the 6-year averages. In May, there was one day where temperatures dropped below 32 oF (30.8oF on May 20th); from September-October 15th, there were no records of temperatures dropping below 32oF. Rainfall for April through September was 17.59 inches, which was 1.91 inches above the 15-year average (Table 2). A total of 6.75 inches of irrigation water was applied at the MRC during the months of June, July and August. In general, precipitation during the warmest months (July and August) was below average, while early and late season precipitation (April and Septermber) was above average. Precipitation in June was 2.07 inches higher than the previous 15 year average. Table 1. The 15-year summary of average maximum and minimum temperatures (F) during the growing season at the Montcalm Research Center.* Table 2. The 15-year summary of precipitation (inches per month) recorded during the growing season at the Montcalm Research Center.* YearMax.Min.Max.Min.Max.Min.Max.Min.Max.Min.Max.Min.Max.Min.20016137704978578358727069487253200256366342795885628158775273512003563364447752815882587248724920046237674674547957765378497349200562366541826082588158775175512006623661467854836180586848725120075333734782548156805876507450200861376740775680588054735073492009563467457654755376567449714920106438704977578362826169507453201153346848775685627958704872512012583473488453906282557446775020135133734877558158805473487349201455336845785777547956724772492015583471487654805677577754735115-YearAverage58356846785582587958734973506-MonthAverageAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberYearAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberTotal20013.286.742.902.495.714.4325.5520022.884.163.283.627.121.5922.6520030.703.441.852.602.602.0613.2520041.798.183.131.721.990.3217.1320050.691.393.573.651.853.9015.0520062.734.452.185.552.253.1520.3120072.641.601.582.432.341.1811.7720081.591.692.953.073.035.0317.3620093.942.152.432.074.741.4916.8220101.593.683.212.142.631.8815.1320113.423.082.381.632.571.8414.9220122.350.980.993.633.310.7612.0220137.984.522.261.354.061.3321.5020144.245.513.253.711.782.3520.8420153.712.964.791.722.423.9019.5015-YearAverage2.903.642.722.763.232.3517.59 Table 3. Six-year heat stress summary (from May 1st – Sept. 30th)* GROWING DEGREE DAYS Table 4 summarizes the cumulative growing degree days (GDD) for 2015 while providing historical data from 2004-2015 as well. GDD are presented from May 1st – September 30th using the Baskerville-Emin method with a base temperature of 40 oF. The total GDD base 40 by the end of September in 2015 was 3789 (Table 4), which is slightly higher than the 12-year average of 3741 at the same time. This appears to be due to higher than average daily maximum temperatures during the months of May and September. Table 4. Growing Degree Days* - Base 40F. *2004-2015 data from the weather station at MSU Montcalm Research Center “Enviro-weather”, Michigan Weather Station Network, Entrican, MI. HoursDaysHoursDays20100021843201114417432201270151433020131431402820140058152015316622Average17413328YearTemperatures > 90oFNight (10pm-8am) Temperatures > 70oFYearMayJuneJulyAugustSeptember200451612352101285135672005419135822893187390620065321310229831803707200763915032379327739662008447124021472973359620095191264200428003420201061014112424340239792011567135423883270384820126521177228031533762201363714212334317937982014522134021202977355220156041353223030513789Average5551331225031083741 PREVIOUS CROPS, TILLAGE AND FERTILIZERS The general potato research area utilized in 2015 was rented from Steve Comden, directly to the West of the Montcalm Research Center in the field referred to as ‘Comden 2’. This acreage was planted to a field corn crop in the spring of 2014 and harvested fall 2014 with crop residue disked into the soil. In the spring of 2015, the recommended rate of potash was broadcast applied following deep-chisel plowing. The ground was field cultivated and direct planted to potatoes. The area was not fumigated with Vapam prior to potato planting, but Vydate® and Verimark® were applied in- furrow at planting. The soil test analysis for the general crop area (taken in January 2015) was as follows: lbs/A P K Ca pH 6.2 Mg 262 (131 ppm) 116 (58 ppm) 1488 (744 ppm) 184 (92 ppm) Analysis The fertilizers used in the general plot area are as follows. (Variations in fertilizers used for specific research projects are included in the individual project reports.) Application Broadcast at plow down 0-0-0-21-12 300 lbs/A At planting At cultivation At hilling Late side dress (late varieties) 6 lbs/A 10%B 150 lbs/A 0-0-62 0-0-22-11-22 200 lbs/A 28-0-0 10-34-0 28-0-0 10-34-0 46-0-0 46-0-0 0-0-0-63-48 0.6 lb. B/A 0-0-93 0-0-44-22-44 60-0-0 19-65-0 72-0-0 19-65-0 46-0-0 81-0-0 20 gpa 16 gpa 24 gpa 16 gpa 100 lbs/A 175 lbs/A Rate (N-P205-K20-Ca-Mg) Nutrients HERBICIDES AND PEST CONTROL A pre-emergence application of Linex at 1.25 quarts/A and Brawl II at 1.0 pints/A was made in late May. Verimark and Vydate were applied in-furrow at planting at a rate of 13.5 fl oz/A and 2 quarts/A, respectively. Vydate was also applied as a foliar spray at a rate of 1.0 quarts/A. Foliar applications of the insecticides Rimon, Radiant, Blackhawk and Agri-mek were made at 8, 8, 3, and 12 oz./A respectively. Fungicides used were: Elixir, Manzate and Bravo for a total rate of 11.2 lbs, 4 lbs., and 6 pts/A respectively. Potato vines were desiccated with Reglone on September 10th at a rate of 2 pints/A. 2015 MSU POTATO BREEDING AND GENETICS RESEARCH REPORT January 26, 2016 David S. Douches, J. Coombs, K. Zarka, G. Steere, M. Zuelke, D. Zarka, K. Felcher, N. Manrique, A. Massa, D. Kells, Kate McGlew, Chen Zhang and Swathi Nadakuduti Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 Cooperators: Robin Buell, Zsofia Szendrei, Willie Kirk, Ray Hammerschmidt and Chris Long INTRODUCTION At Michigan State University, we have been dedicated to developing improved potato varieties for the chip-processing and tablestock markets for over 25 years. The program is one of four integrated breeding programs in the North Central region supported through the USDA/NIFA Potato Special Grant. At MSU, we conduct a comprehensive multi-disciplinary program for potato breeding and variety development that integrates traditional and biotechnological approaches to breed for disease and insect resistance that is positioned to respond to scientific and technology opportunities that emerge. In Michigan, variety development requires that we primarily develop high yielding round white potatoes with excellent chip-processing from the field and/or storage. In addition, there is a need for table varieties (russet, red, yellow, and round white). We conduct variety trials of advanced selections and field experiments at MSU research locations (Montcalm Research Center, Lake City Experiment Station, Clarksville Research Center, and MSU Agronomy Farm), we ship seed to other states and Canadian provinces for variety trials, and we cooperate with Chris Long on grower trials throughout Michigan. Through conventional crosses in the greenhouse, we develop new genetic combinations in the breeding program, and also screen and identify exotic germplasm that will enhance the varietal breeding efforts. With each cycle of crossing and selection we are seeing directed improvement towards improved varieties (e.g. combining chip-processing, scab resistance, PVY resistance, late blight resistance, beetle resistance and higher specific gravity). I am happy to see the increase in scab, late blight and PVY resistance in the breeding material and selections. The USDA/AFRI SolCAP project developed a new set of genetic markers (8,303) called SNPs that are located in the 39,000 genes of potato. We now have expanded the number of SNPs to 12,000 and are looking at 30,000 SNPs on the next version of the array. This SolCAP translational genomics project has finally giving us the opportunity to link genetic markers to important traits (reducing sugars, starch, scab resistance, etc.) in the cultivated potato lines and then breed them into elite germplasm. In addition, our program has been utilizing genetic engineering as a tool to introduce new genes to improve varieties and advanced germplasm for traits such as insect resistance, late blight and PVY resistance, lower reducing sugar, nitrogen use efficiency and drought. The breeding goals at MSU are based upon current and future needs of the Michigan Furthermore, the USPB is supporting national early generation trials called the National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT) which will feed lines into the SFA trial and also fast track lines into commercial testing. We are taking advantage of the NCPT fast track to have seed increased for promising chip-processing lines. We have also been funded through the USDA/SCRI Acrylamide project to link genetic markers with lower acrylamide traits. This project is nearing completion and we have lines with lower tuber asparagine and lower acrylamide forming potential in the processed chips. We also have funding to develop genome editing technologies that may not be classified as genetic engineering through a USDA/BRAG grant. This technology can be used to introduce lower sugars, bruising and asparagine. We also hope to use the technology to edit late blight resistance genes. We feel that these in-house capacities (both conventional and biotechnological) put us in a unique position to respond to and focus on the most promising directions for variety development and effectively integrate the breeding of improved chip-processing and tablestock potatoes. potato industry. Traits of importance include yield potential, disease resistance (scab, late blight, early die, and PVY), insect (Colorado potato beetle) resistance, chipping (out-of-the- field, storage, and extended cold storage) and cooking quality, bruise resistance, storability, along with shape, internal quality, and appearance. If these goals can be met, we will be able to reduce production input costs as well as the reliance on chemical inputs such as insecticides, fungicides and sprout inhibitors, and improve overall agronomic performance with new potato varieties. program to make sound assessments of the breeding selections moving through the program. This past year we constructed a greenhouse to expand our breeding and certified minituber seed production. This greenhouse is at the MSU Crops facility on south campus. We also are creating a companion tissue culture lab at the facility. We hope to upgrade the grading line and expand storage capacity in the near future. I. Varietal Development Breeding germplasm and advanced seedlings that are improved for cold chipping, and resistance to scab, late blight, and Colorado potato beetle. For the 2015 field season, progeny from about 600 crosses were planted and evaluated. Of those, the majority were crosses to select for round whites (chip-processing and tablestock), with the remainder to select for yellow flesh, long/russet types, red skin, and novelty market classes. During the 2015 harvest, over 1,300 selections were made from the 65,000 seedlings produced. In addition, about 40 third year selections from elite chip-processing crosses were made in a commercial field with high scab pressure. All potential chip-processing selections will be tested in January and April 2016 directly out of 45°F (7.2°C) and 50°F (10°C) storages. Atlantic, Pike (50°F chipper) and Snowden (45°F chipper) are chip-processed as check cultivars. Selections have been identified at each stage of the selection cycle that have desirable agronomic characteristics and chip-processing potential. At the 12-hill and 30-hill evaluation state, about 400 and 115 Over the years, key infrastructure changes have been established for the breeding The MSU potato breeding and genetics program is actively producing new selections were made, respectively; based upon chip quality, specific gravity, scab resistance, late blight resistance and DNA markers for PVY and Golden nematode resistance. Selection in the early generation stages has been enhanced by the incorporation of the scab and late blight evaluations of the early generation material. We are pushing our early generation selections from the 30-hill stage into tissue culture to minimize PVY issues in our breeding and seed stock. We are now using a cryotherapy method that was developed in our lab to remove viruses. We feel that this technique predictably as well as quickly remove virus from tissue culture stocks. Our results show that we are able to remove both PVY and PVS from lines. We tested the removal of PLRV and succeeded. Chip-Processing Over 80% of the single hill selections have a chip-processing parent in their pedigree. Our most promising advanced chip-processing lines are MSR127-2 (scab resistant), McBride (scab resistant), MSQ086-3, (verticillium wilt resistant), Manistee, MSM246-B and MSR061-1 (Saginaw Chipper) (scab, late blight and PVY resistant), MSV313-2, MSW474-1 (scab resistant), MSV507-40 (scab resistant), MSV301-2 (scab resistant), MSX540-4 (scab, late blight and PVY resistant) and MSZ219-14 (scab, late blight and PVY resistant). We have some newer lines to consider, but we are removing virus from those lines. We are using the NCPT trials to more effectively identify promising new selections. These are MSV301-2, MSV358-3, MSW485-2, MSW509-5, MSV030-4 and MSX540-4. Tablestock good cooking quality, high marketable yield and resistance to scab, late blight and PVY. Our current tablestock development goals now are to continue to improve the frequency of scab resistant lines, incorporate resistance to late blight along with marketable maturity and excellent tuber quality, and select more russet and yellow-fleshed lines. We have also been spinning off some pigmented skin and tuber flesh lines that may fit some specialty markets. We are proposing the release of MSX001-4WP as Purple Soul. There is also interest in some additional specialty for the “Tasteful selections” market. We have interest from some western specialty potato growers to test and commercial these lines. From our breeding efforts we have identified mostly round white lines, but we also have a number of yellow- fleshed and red-skinned lines, as well as some purple skin selections that carry many of the characteristics mentioned above. We are also selecting for a table russet, round white, red- skin, and improved Yukon Gold-type yellow-fleshed potatoes. Some of the tablestock lines were tested in on-farm trials in 2015, while others were tested under replicated conditions at the Montcalm Research Center. Promising tablestock lines include MSL211-3, MSS576- 05SPL, MSV093-1, MST252-1Y, MSV179-1 and MSQ131-A. We have a number of tablestock selections with late blight resistance (MSS576-5SPL, MSQ131-A, MSS487-2 and MSS176-1). MSL211-3 has earliness and a bright skin. MSQ558-2RR and MSR226- ARR are red-fleshed chippers. We are increasing seed of Missuakee for international markets due to its late blight resistance and Golden nematode resistance. Jacqueline Lee is being licensed to Australia. Efforts have been made to identify lines with good appearance, low internal defects, Disease and Insect Resistance Breeding Scab: In 2015 we had two locations to evaluate scab resistance: a commercial field with a history of severe scab infection (Sackett Potatoes) and a highly infected site at the Montcalm Research Center in the commercial production area. The commercial site and the new site at the Montcalm Research Center both gave us the high infection levels. The susceptible checks of Snowden and Atlantic were highly infected with pitted scab. Promising resistant selections were McBride, MSR061-1, MSR127-2, MSU383-A, MSQ440-2, MST252-1Y, MSV179-1, MST424-6, MST386-1P, MSW474-01, MSV383- B, MSZ219-1, MSZ219-14, MSU379-1, MSW509-5, MSZ222-19 as well as the Z-series selections from the commercial scab site. The high level of scab infection at the on-farm site with a history of scab infection and MRC has significantly helped with our discrimination of resistance and susceptibility of our lines. The MRC scab site was used for assessing scab susceptibility in our advanced breeding lines and early generation material and is summarized below. All susceptible checks were scored as susceptible. Fig. 1. Scab Disease Nursery Ratings in Early Generation Lines Fig. 2. Scab Disease Nursery Ratings in Advanced Breeding Lines Based upon this data, scab resistance is increasing in the breeding program. These data were also incorporated into the early generation selection evaluation process at Lake City. We are seeing that this expanded effort is leading to more scab resistant lines advancing through the breeding program. We conducted a three-year selection study at Sackett Potatoes to select scab- resistant chip-processors. Starting with about 5,000 progeny from elite crosses we narrowed the population to about 40 selections that had commercial potential based upon shape, yield, scab resistance, chip-processing quality and high solids. In 2015 we made 18 selections from 40 scab-resistant chip-processing selections. The most most- promising selections are listed in Table 1. These lines are now placed in tissue culture for further testing. Some lines need virus cleanup. Table 1. Streptomyces Scab Trial Results from On-Farm trial location. Late Blight: Our specific objective is to breed improved cultivars for the industry that have foliar and tuber resistance to late blight using a combination of conventional breeding, marker-assisted strategies and transgenic approaches. Through conventional breeding approaches, the MSU potato breeding and genetics program has developed a series of late blight resistant advanced breeding lines and cultivars that have diverse sources of resistance to late blight. This is a GREEEN-funded project. In 2015 we conducted late blight trials at the Clarksville Research Center. We inoculated with the US23 genotype and the results are summarized in Figures 3 and 4. Fourteen sources of resistance can be traced in the pedigrees of these resistant lines. This data infers that we have a broad genetic base to combine resistance genes and also should be able to respond to changes in the pathogen. Fig. 3. Foliar Late Blight Reaction in Early Generation Lines Fig. 4. Foliar Late Blight Reaction in Advanced Breeding Lines MSU Lines with Commercial Tracking _______________________________________________________________________ McBride (MSJ126-9Y) Parentage: Penta x OP Developers: Michigan State University and the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Plant Variety Protection: Trademark Strengths: McBride is a chip-processing potato with an attractive round appearance with shallow eyes. McBride has a medium vine and an early to mid-season maturity. This variety has resistance to Streptomyces scabies (common scab) stronger than Pike. McBride also has excellent chip-processing long-term storage characteristics and better tolerance to blackspot bruise than Snowden. Incentives for production: Excellent chip-processing quality with long-term storage characteristics, common scab resistance superior to Pike, and good tuber type. ________________________________________________________________________ Manistee (MSL292-A) Parentage: Snowden x MSH098-2 Developers: Michigan State University and the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Plant Variety Protection: Applied for. Strengths: Manistee is a chip-processing potato with an attractive round appearance with shallow eyes. Manistee has a full-sized vine and an early to mid-season maturity. Manistee has above average yield potential and specific gravity similar to Snowden. This variety has excellent chip-processing long-term storage characteristics and a similar to better tolerance to blackspot bruise than Snowden. Incentives for production: Excellent chip-processing quality with long-term storage characteristics, above average yield, specific gravity similar to Snowden, and good tuber type. ________________________________________________________________________ MSR061-1 (Saginaw Chipper) Parentage: MegaChip x NY121 Developers: Michigan State University and the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Plant Variety Protection: Trademark Strengths: MSR061-1 is a chip-processing potato with resistance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) and moderate foliar late blight (Phytophthora infestans) resistance. This variety has medium yield similar to Pike and a 1.079 (average) specific gravity and an attractive, uniform, round appearance. MSR061- 1 has a medium vine and an early to mid-season maturity. Incentives for production: Chip-processing quality with common scab resistance similar to Pike, moderate foliar late blight resistance (US8 genotype), and uniform, round tuber type. ________________________________________________________________________ MSV093-1Y Parentage: McBride x MSP408-14Y Developers: Michigan State University and the MSU AgBioResearch. Plant Variety Protection: To Be Applied For Strengths: MSV093-1Y is a high yield potential yellow-flesh breeding line with an attractive, round tuber shape. This line has demonstrated excellent high yield potential in replicated trials at the MSU Montcalm Research Center and on grower field trials throughout Michigan. This yellow flesh line has excellent internal quality (few defects) and a low incidence of blackspot bruise. MSV093-1Y also has moderate scab tolerance. MSV093-1Y has a strong vine and a mid-early season maturity. Incentives for production: High yield potential with an attractive tuber shape with good yellow flesh with excellent internal quality. MSR127-2 (Spartan Chipper?) Parentage: MSJ167-1 x MSG227-2 Developers: Michigan State University and the MSU AgBioResearch. Plant Variety Protection: To Be Applied For. Strengths: MSR127-2 is a chip-processing potato with resistance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies). This variety yields greater than Atlantic and Snowden, has a 1.086 (average) specific gravity, and an attractive, uniform, round appearance. MSR127-2 has a strong vine and a full-season maturity, and has demonstrated excellent long-term storage chip- processing quality. Incentives for production: Long-term chip-processing quality with common scab resistance similar to Pike, and uniform, round tuber type. ________________________________________________________________________ Purple Soul (MSX001-4WP) Parentage: ARS10091 x MSL211-3 Developers: Michigan State University and the MSU AgBioResearch. Plant Variety Protection: Trademark Strengths: Purple Heart is a very unique potato variety with a smooth, bright white skin and a surprisingly deep purple flesh. This line has excellent agronomic features for yield, tuber size, and maturity. Since 2010 we developed four tetraploid genetic mapping populations and three II. Germplasm Enhancement diploid mapping populations) for late blight resistance, scab resistance, virus resistance and also for tuber quality traits. We have been characterizing these populations for their traits and have conducted the linkage analysis studies using the SNP fingerprinting array. The mapping populations have been a major research focus for us over the previous three years as we try to correlate the field data with the genetic markers. We now have DNA SNP markers linked to late blight resistance, scab resistance, chip color, tuber asparagine and specific gravity. We will now start using this linkage information to assist us in breeding. Our first SNP marker is linked to a gene for late blight resistance. gene is located on Chromosome 11. We made crosses in 2013 to generate over 7,000 progeny segregating for PVY resistance. These crosses were planted in 2014 and 715 progeny were selected in the fall. DNA was isolated from those lines in the winter and 45% of the lines were positive for the DNA marker. In 2015 we planted these lines and selected 105 for further study. In the future we will continue to make more crosses to identify PVY resistant lines with commercial potential. We are also using DNA markers to also screen for PVX resistance, PLRV resistance, late blight resistance and Golden nematode resistance. We are using PCR-based DNA markers to select potatoes resistant to PVY. The The diploid genetic material represent material from South American potato species and other countries around the world that are potential sources of resistance to Colorado potato beetle, late blight, potato early die, and ability to cold-chip process. We are now placing more emphasis on the diploid breeding effort because of the advantages the breeding system brings when we introduce the ability to self-pollinate a line. Features of diploid breeding include 1) a simpler genetic system than current breeding methods, 2) tremendous genetic diversity for economic traits, 3) minimal crossing barriers to cultivated potato, 4) the ability to reduce genetic load (or poor combinations) through selfing and 5) the ability to create true breeding lines like wheat, soybeans and dry beans. We are also using some inbred lines of S. chacoense that have fertility and vigor (also a source of verticillium wilt resistance to initiate our efforts to develop inbred lines with our own diploid germplasm. We have over 40 populations that we are cycling to make selections and we also selected Atlantic haploids (maternal progeny from Atlantic) to cross to this material so we can develop inbred chip-processing diploid lines. This new diploid potato breeding project is expanding to develop promising lines to use as parents in the future. I am including some pictures to demonstrate the progress we have made in breeding diploid potatoes. We have used lines with verticillium wilt resistance, PVY resistance, and cold chip- processing. We are monitoring the introgression of this germplasm through marker assisted selection. Through previous GREEEN funding, we were able to continue a breeding effort to introgress leptine-based insect resistance using new material selected from USDA/ARS material developed in Wisconsin. We will continue conducting field screening for resistance to Colorado potato beetle at the Montcalm Research Center. These lines are being used crosses to further transmit insect resistance. PVY resistance to three PVY strains (O, N and NTN) of the MSE149-5Y, Classic III. Integration of Genetic Engineering with Potato Breeding Russet, Silverton Russet and Russet Norkotah lines were evaluated by Jonathan Whitworth over the past few years. A number of lines with PVY resistance were identified, seed produced and in 2015 we conducted a PVY resistance field test. In the inoculated field test at MSU the MSE149-5Y line was resistant to PVY as well as the Classic Russet line (see figure). We identified a number of Silverton Russet lines with increased PVY resistance but none with complete resistance to all three PVY strains. The Russet Norkotah lines were not highly resistant. Regarding late blight resistance, we have many lines with the RB gene for late blight resistance transformed into MSU lines. The addition of the RB gene allows us to test the effect of multiple resistance genes on the strength of resistance. Our data supports the need to pyramid the late blight resistance R-genes to achieve the best levels of resistance (see figure). We have also generated lines with the gene for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and water use efficiency (WUE). Field trials with reduced fertilizer and non-irrigated conditions were conducted for a subset of these lines in 2014 and 2015, for NEU and WUE, respectively. The best subset of lines will be re-tested in 2016. Lastly, we have some lines with the vacuolar acid invertase silencing that were field tested in 2014. There are three MSE149-5Y lines with good silencing that maintain low reducing sugars in 4C storage. We have generated a few Kalkaska invertase silencing lines and one line Kal91.03, seems to have resistance to accumulating reducing sugars in 40F storage. We plan to test the agronomic characteristics of Kal91.03 in 2016. 2015 POTATO VARIETY EVALUATIONS Funding: Fed. Grant/MPIC D.S. Douches, J. Coombs, K. Zarka, G. Steere, D. Kells, M. Zuehlke, A. Sardarbekov, K. McGlew, C. Zhang, C. Long, W. Kirk and N. Rosenzweig Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 Each year, the MSU potato breeding and genetics team conducts a series of INTRODUCTION variety trials to assess advanced potato selections from the Michigan State University and other potato breeding programs at the Montcalm Research Center (MRC). In 2015, we tested over 270 varieties and breeding lines in the replicated variety trials, plus over 170 lines in the National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT). The variety evaluation also includes disease testing in the scab nursery (Montcalm Research Center) and foliar and tuber late blight evaluation (Clarksville Research Center). The objectives of the evaluations are to identify superior varieties for fresh or chip-processing markets. The varieties were compared in groups according to market class, tuber type, skin color, and to the advancement in selection. We added a trial to focus on specialty market classes. Each season, total and marketable yields, specific gravity, tuber appearance, incidence of external and internal defects, chip color (from the field, 45°F (7.2°C) and 50°F (10°C) storage), as well as susceptibilities to common scab, late blight (foliar and tuber), and blackspot bruising are determined. Industry and research colleagues Bruce Sackett, Aaron Yoder and the MSU Potato Breeding Team (especially N. Garrity, M. Alhashany, S. Islam, F. Enciso, and N. Kirkwyland) for getting the research done. PROCEDURE Entrican, MI. They were planted as randomized complete block designs with two to four replications. The plots were 23 feet (7 m) long and spacing between plants was 10 inches (25.4 cm). Inter-row spacing was 34 inches (86.4 cm). Supplemental irrigation was applied as needed. Nutrient, weed, disease and insect management were similar to recommendations used by the commercial operations. The field experiments were conducted in a four-year rotation on a sandy loam soil on the Comden ground that was in corn the previous 3 years and in potatoes four years previously. trials, representing selections at a stage after the preliminary trials. The other field trials The most advanced selections were tested in the Advanced chip and tablestock We would like to acknowledge the collaborative effort of the Michigan Potato The field variety trials were conducted at the Montcalm Research Center in were the North Central, Russet, , Preliminary (chip-processors and tablestock), Preliminary Pigmented, Select Scab-Resistant MSZ-Lines, the NCPT and the early observational trials. spring and the fall that flooding effected many plots, resulting in the loss of one or more replicate plots in various trials. The Preliminary Trials were some of the most effected, resulting in many single observation plots. There were significant rains at the Montcalm Research Center in 2015 in the 2015 was the fifth year of the National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT). The purpose of the trial is to evaluate early generation breeding lines from the US public breeding programs for their use in chip-processing. The NCPT has 9 trial locations (Northern sites: NY, MI, WI, ND, OR and Southern: NC, FL, CA, TX) in addition to a scab trial in MN. For 2016, the scab trial will be conducted in Wisconsin instead of Minnesota. In each of these trials, the yield was graded into four size classes, incidence of external and internal defects in >3.25 in. (8.25 cm) diameter (or 10 oz. (283.5 g) for Russet types) potatoes were recorded. Samples were taken for specific gravity, chip- processing, disease tests and bruising tests. Chip quality was assessed on 25-tuber composite sample from four replications, taking two slices from each tuber. Chips were fried at 365°F (185°C) for 2 minutes 15 seconds or until fully cooked. The chip color was measured visually with the SFA 1-5 color chart and a Hunter Colorimeter using crushed chips. Tuber samples were also stored at 45°F (7.2°C) and 50°F (10°C) for chip- processing out of storage in January and April. Advanced selections are also placed in the MPIC B.F. Burt Cargill Commercial Demonstration Storage in Entrican, MI for monthly sampling. The lines in the agronomic trials were assessed for common scab resistance at the nursery at the Montcalm Research Center. There has been very strong scab disease pressure at the new Montcalm Scab Disease Nursery for five years now. The 2015 late blight trial was conducted at the Clarksville Research Center. Maturity ratings (1 early - 5 late) were taken for all variety trial plots in late August to differentiate early and late maturing lines. The simulated blackspot bruise results for average spots per tuber have also been incorporated into the summary sheets. RESULTS A. Advanced and Chip-Processing Trial (Table 1) A summary of the 33 entries evaluated in the trial results is given in Table 1. Overall, the yields for the Advanced trial (131 days) were average to above. The check varieties for this trial were Snowden, Atlantic, and FL1879. The highest yielding lines were NY154, MSV313-2, A01143-3C, and MSR127-2. Vascular discoloration and hollow heart were the predominant internal defects. Specific gravity was high with most lines above 1.080. All chip-processing entries in the trial had excellent chip-processing quality out of the field, with an SFA score of 1.0. Many of the MSU breeding lines have good scab resistance, including: MSR127-2, MSW509-5, MSW474-1, MSW394-1, and North Central Regional Trial Entries (Table 2) The North Central Trial is conducted in a wide range of environments (6 regional MSV383-B. MSR061-1 (late blight and PVY resistant) , MSX398-2, MSX540-4 (late blight and PVY resistant), and MSW360-18 (PVY resistant) showed resistance to late blight at the CRC trials. The promising MSU chip-processing lines are MSR127-2, MSV313-2, MSX540-4, MSV507-056, MSW509-5, and MSW474-1. MSR061-1 is being named Saginaw Chipper and is finding production in the Pacific Northwest. B. locations) to provide adaptability data for the release of new varieties from Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin, and Canada. The trial was reformatted to focus on table potatoes. The russet potato lines were included in the Russet trial. Twenty entries were tested in Michigan in 2015. The results are presented in Table 2. The reference varieties for this trial were Red Norland, Dark Red Norland, Red LaSoda, and Yukon Gold. The best performing MSU lines in the trial were MSV093-1Y, MST386-1P, and MSS576-5SPL. MSV093-1Y is a yellow-flesh tablestock line with high yield potential as seen in this trial and in on-farm trials. MSV093-1Y produces a high percentage of oversize tubers that with no internal defects moderate scab tolerance. Certified seed for this line is being produced in the greenhouse for larger commercial testing. Other MSU lines that looked promising were MSS576-5SPL (late blight resistant), MST386-1P (purple skin, white flesh, scab resistant) and MSX540-4 (scab and PVY resistant chipper). There are some promising red/purple-skinned entries from Minnesota, North Dakota, and Wisconsin. Yukon Gold had the highest incidence of internal defects with 70% hollow heart. C. We continue to increase our russet breeding efforts to reflect the growing interest in russet types in Michigan. In 2015, 20 lines were evaluated after 120 days. The results are summarized in Table 3. The Russet trial includes entries from the North Central Regional Trial (NCR). Russet Norkotah and Silverton Russet were the reference varieties used in the trial. In general, the yields were average for many russet lines while Russet Norkotah had a low yield. The highest yielding line was W10074-8Rus, however, it had 50% hollow heart. Reveille Russet (ATX91137-1Rus) and W94111-1Rus (NCR) were also high yielding this year and in 2014. There was incidence of hollow heart in W10074-8Rus, AW07791-2Rus, CO5068-1Rus, and MSW496-1Rus. Specific gravity measurements were average with Russet Norkotah at 1.072. Off type and cull tubers were found in nearly all lines tested, with the highest being W9742-3Rus and ND7882b- 7Russ (NCR). Scab resistance was common among the lines but susceptibility was observed in a number of the russet lines. No late blight resistance was observed in these lines at the CRC trial. D. The Adaptation Trial of the tablestock lines was harvested after 123 days and the results are summarized in Table 4. The majority of the lines evaluated in the Adaptation Russet Trial (Table 3) Adaptation Trial (Table 4) Trial were tested in the Preliminary Trial the previous year. Three reference cultivars (Reba, Red Norland, and Superior) and 20 advanced breeding lines are reported in the tablestock trial. In general, the yields were average and internal defects were low, but some lines had hollow heart incidence (MSW121-5R and Reba). The highest yielding lines were MSV093-1, MSW121-5R, MSW259-5, and MSW151-05. MSV093-1Y is an attractive yellow-fleshed table selection high yield potential and moderate scab tolerance. The challenge remains to combine scab and late blight resistance together. The lines with scab tolerance were MSV093-1Y, MSS576-5SPL, MSW075-1, MST252-1Y, MSW324- 1P, and McBride. Other promising late blight resistant lines were MSW121-5R, MSW151-05, MSS576-5SPL, MSV396-4Y and MSV235-2PY. Although the yield was low in this trial, MSV235-2PY is an attractive specialty line with purple skin and a yellow flesh for the small potato market and has excellent late blight resistance. This line is being tested by Tasteful Selections. E. Preliminary Trials (Tables 5, 6, 7, and 8) first replicated trials for evaluating new advanced selections from the MSU potato breeding program. The division of the trials was based upon pedigree assessment for chip-processing and tablestock utilization. In 2015, there were 159 lines trialed in the three Preliminary trials. The Preliminary trials (chip, table, pigmented, scab resistant Z-selections) are the The chip-processing Preliminary Trial (Table 5) had 68 entries was harvested after 123 days. Most lines chip-processed well from the field. Specific gravity values were average to high with Atlantic at 1.089 and Snowden at 1.084. Internal quality was predominantly hollow heart and vascular discoloration. Internal defects were lower than some years, with no hollow heart observed in Atlantic or Snowden. Promising MSU lines are MSX542-2, MST186-1Y, MSY008-3, MSX198-5, and MSX245-2Y combining yield, specific gravity, and chip quality. We continue to make progress selecting for chip-processing with scab resistance with 20 lines in the trial with scab ratings lower than Pike (1.5). We are also combing chip-processing quality and late blight resistance, with 9 selections demonstrating strong foliar late blight resistance, and 7 lines with moderate late blight resistance. Table 6 summarizes 69 tablestock entries evaluated in the Preliminary Tablestock Trial. Reba and Superior were the check varieties. This tablestock trial was harvested and evaluated after 120 days. MSY111-1, QSMSU08-04, Soroya, VC1009-1W/Y, MSX156-1Y and MSV502-5 were the highest yielding lines. MSY111-1 combines high yield potential with scab resistance and good internal quality. This trial also had a low incidence of internal defects. The number of tablestock selections with scab resistance (21) and late blight resistance (13) continue to increase. The interest in the specialty market continues to increase. A new trial was created to test 22 entries in a targeted Preliminary Pigmented Trial (Table 7), which was harvested at 123 days. This trial evaluated breeding lines with unique skin and flesh colors. These lines have commercial agronomic performance and specialty selections that were confirmed to be scab resistant over multiple years in on-farm testing under heavy scab disease pressure (Table 8). The trial had 47 entries, with Atlantic and Snowden as the reference varieties. The scab resistance in these clones have been evaluated on-farm. These selections combine agronomic performance, chip-processing quality, specific gravity, and scab resistance. There are over a dozen lines which have commercial promise and these lines were placed into tissue culture. The lines that are virus free are being seed increased. These include MSZ222-19 and three lines that also have PVY and late blight resistance: MSZ219-1, MSZ219-14 and MSZ219-46. F. scab. The scab trial is now located at the Montcalm Research Center where high common scab disease pressure was observed in the previous five years. This location is being used for the early generation observational scab trial (479 lines) and the scab variety trial (230 lines). Each year, a replicated field trial is conducted to assess resistance to common Potato Common Scab Evaluation (Tables 9 and 10) characteristics, as well as some scab and late blight resistances. The highest yielding lines were MSX517-3SPL (late blight resistant), Michigan Purple Sport I, MSZUNK-7, Dakota Ruby, and MSX507-1R (late blight resistant). Seven of the 22 lines also demonstrated scab resistance in the scab disease nursery. A separate trial was conducted to evaluate select ‘MSZ’ chip-processing We use a rating scale of 0-5 based upon a combined score for scab coverage and lesion severity. Usually examining one year's data does not indicate which varieties are resistant but it should begin to identify ones that can be classified as susceptible to scab. Our goal is to evaluate important advanced selections and varieties in the study at least three years to obtain a valid estimate of the level of resistance in each line. The 2012- 2014 scab ratings are based upon the Montcalm Research Center site. Table 9 categorizes many of the varieties and advanced selections tested in 2015 over a three-year period. The varieties and breeding lines are placed into six categories based upon scab infection level and lesion severity. A rating of 0 indicates zero scab infection. A score of 1.0 indicates a trace amount of infection. A moderate resistance (1.2 – 1.5) correlates with <10% infection. Scores of 4.0 or greater are found on lines with >50% infection and severe pitted lesions. The check varieties Russet Norkotah, GoldRush, Red Norland, Yukon Gold, Onaway, Pike, Atlantic, and Snowden can be used as references (bolded in Table 9). The table is sorted in ascending order by 2015 scab rating. This year’s results continue to indicate that we have been able to breed numerous lines with resistance to scab. A total of 71 lines, of the 230 tested, had a scab rating of 1.5 or lower in 2015. Most notable scab resistant MSU lines are MST386-1P, MSV092-2, MSX324-2R, MSX324-1P, MSU358-3, MSZ219-01, McBride, MSR061-1, MSR127-2, MSV301-2, MSV383-B, MSV179-1, MSW474-01, MSU379-1 and, MST252-1Y. The greater number of MSU lines in the resistant and moderately resistant categories indicates we are making progress in breeding more scab resistant lines for the chip-processing and tablestock markets. There are also an increasing number of scab resistant lines that also have late Evaluations of advanced seedlings and new varieties for their susceptibility to In 2015, the late blight trial was planted at the Clarksville Research Center. Over Scab results from the disease nursery for the advanced selections are also found in the Trial Summaries (Tables 1-8). blight resistance and PVY resistance such as MSR061-1, MSX540-4 and MSZ219-14. We also continue to conduct early generation scab screening on selections in the breeding program beginning after two years of selection. Of the 479 early generation selections that were evaluated, over 267 had scab resistance (scab rating of ≤ 1.5) (Table 10). H. Late Blight Trial (Tables 11 and 12) 250 entries were planted in early June for late blight evaluation. These include lines tested in a replicated manner from the agronomic variety trial (153 lines) and 114 entries in the early generation observation plots. The trials were inoculated in early August with the US-23 genotype of P. infestans. Late blight infection was identified in the plots within 2 weeks after inoculation. The plots were evaluated 1-2 times per week over a 50- day period following inoculation. In 2015 the replicated variety trial 62 lines had late blight resistance, while 41 lines in the early generation observation plots had late blight resistance. These were from various late blight resistance sources in the pedigree of the selections (LBR9, Malinche, Kenya Baraka, Monserrat, Torridon, Stirling, NY121, Tollocan, B0718-3, Chaposa, S. bulbocastanum, S. microdontum, Muruta, Muriranrara, Enfula, Perkoz, Basadre, etc.). Most notable lines with late blight resistance include MSR061-1, MSX540-4, MSZ219-01, MSZ219-14, MSS576-05SPL, MSW485-2, MSW121-2R and MSV235-2PY. Tables 11 and 12 list the foliar late blight disease ratings for select lines based on percent disease over time (RAUDPC; Relative Area Under the Disease Progress Curve). Please note that because of the lower level of infection, our cutoff for resistance was a very low RAUDPC score so we did not include false positives. I. Blackspot Bruise Susceptibility (Table 13) blackspot bruising are also important in the variety evaluation program. Based upon the results collected over the past years, the non-bruised check sample has been removed from our bruise assessment. A composite bruise sample of each line in the trials consisted of 25 tubers (a composite of 4 replications) from each line, collected at the time of grading. The 25 tuber sample was held in 50°F (10°C) storage overnight and then was placed in a hexagon plywood drum and tumbled 10 times to provide a simulated bruise. The samples were peeled in an abrasive peeler in October and individual tubers were assessed for the number of blackspot bruises on each potato. These data are shown in Table 13. The bruise data are represented in two ways: percentage of bruise free potatoes and average number of bruises per tuber. A high percentage of bruise-free potatoes is the desired goal; however, the numbers of blackspot bruises per potato is also important. Cultivars which show blackspot incidence greater than Atlantic are approaching the bruise-susceptible rating. In addition, the data is grouped by trial, since The United States Potato Board (USPB)-funded National Chip Processing Trial the bruise levels can vary between trials. In 2015 the bruise levels were higher than previous years. There are many lines with lower blackspot bruise potential across the trials. Some of our advanced selections are similar to Atlantic and Snowden is their level of bruising. J. National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT) data available on-line (NCPT) is an effort to synergize the strengths of the public breeding programs in the U.S. to identify improved chip-processing varieties for the industry. Cooperating breeding programs include the USDA (Idaho and Maryland) and land grant universities (Colorado, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, North Dakota, New York, Oregon, Wisconsin and Texas). The coordinated breeding effort includes early stage evaluation of key traits (yield, specific gravity, chip color, chip defects and shape) from coordinated trials in 11 locations. Since the inception of the trial in 2010, over 900 different potato entries, including reference varieties, have been evaluated. The data for all the lines tested are summarized on a searchable, centralized database housed at North Carolina State University. More than 30 promising new breeding lines from the trials have been fast- tracked for larger-scale commercial trials and processor evaluation. The NCPT is also a feeder for the national USPB/Snack Food Association trials. The data from all trials are available in a searchable, on-line database (https://potatoes.ncsu.edu/ncptsrch.php). We are using the NCPT trials to more effectively identify promising new selections. These are MSV301-2, MSV358-3, MSW485-2, MSW509-5, MSV030-4 and MSX540-4. Minituber production and/or commercial seed have been produced of these lines and will be tested in Michigan in 2015. Table 1 LINE NY154 MSV313-2 A01143-3C MSR127-2 CO02343-3W Atlantic MSV507-056 MSW509-5 MSV033-01 NY157 MSW474-01 AF4975-3 MSX398-2 MSR061-1 MSW394-1 MSV030-4 W5955-1 AF4648-2 FL1879 NYK28-18 MSX540-4 Lamoka Snowden MSV358-3 MSV394-3 MSV393-1 MSV380-1 MSW163-03 MSV383-B AF5320-1 MSW505-2 MSV440-6 MSW360-18 MEAN HSD0.05 ADVANCED CHIP-PROCESSING TRIAL MONTCALM RESEARCH FARM May 14 to September 22, 2015 (131 days) DD Base 40°F 31308 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS CWT/A TOTAL PERCENT OF TOTAL1 SCAB5 MAT6 BRUISE7 3.3 4.0 3.3 3.8 3.3 2.5 3.7 2.7 3.3 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.0 2.0 3.8 2.7 2.3 2.0 2.0 3.3 3.0 3.0 1.0 2.3 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.7 1.8 - 1.1 1.3 2.5 2.8 2.1 1.4 1.9 2.1 1.0 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.5 0.9 2.5 2.9 2.0 1.8 2.8 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.4 2.1 3.1 1.8 1.4 1.4 2.2 0.9 1.7 1.0 2.2 1.4 0.8 1.0 0.6 2.0 0.3 0.8 2.1 1.5 1.5 0.2 0.8 0.8 1.2 2.8 0.6 1.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.5 - 0.8 0.2 1.2 - - 1.1 RAUDPC LB x100 9.7 - 19.0 - 22.9 25.9 - 19.6 - 23.5 - 23.4 0.2 3.6 10.8 - 20.3 10.2 - 23.8 4.6 21.4 18.0 - 17.3 20.0 - 18.9 - 23.2 23.6 - 6 16.6 10.8 3-YR AVG US#1 CWT/A - - - 395 - 303 - - - - - - - 287 - - 330* - 330 - - 299 275 - - - - - - - - - - 315 - * Two-Year Average Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 5/14/15 9/10/15 119 8Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill N US#1 472 4 3 452 399 3 380 4 371 4 367 4 3 362 362 3 361 3 339 4 3 331 327 4 325 3 321 4 320 4 4 314 313 4 307 3 304 4 4 299 296 4 295 3 292 3 291 3 3 289 269 3 263 3 258 2 3 257 246 3 224 3 122 3 3 119 310 135 498 461 450 402 395 409 380 399 395 387 424 364 342 356 349 345 356 332 318 352 326 321 353 341 332 332 291 273 295 314 274 152 159 348 131 US#1 95 98 89 95 94 90 95 90 91 88 78 90 95 90 91 91 88 92 95 85 91 92 83 85 87 81 90 94 87 78 82 57 31 Bs 6 1 9 5 6 7 4 9 5 12 22 9 5 11 8 8 11 8 5 16 5 7 15 8 13 19 10 3 12 19 8 43 69 As OV PO 0 88 53 1 2 86 1 72 1 62 3 78 78 1 1 75 3 57 0 83 77 0 2 74 0 81 0 81 1 84 75 1 1 78 0 84 0 80 84 0 4 72 1 85 2 77 6 73 78 0 0 80 0 87 3 73 83 1 3 74 10 73 0 55 27 0 7 45 3 23 32 12 17 16 35 5 1 16 13 9 7 17 10 8 15 0 19 7 6 12 9 1 3 22 4 4 9 2 3 PERCENT (%) OTF TUBER QUALITY4 CHIP SCORE2 SED3 HH VD IBS BC 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 - 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.5 0 0 7 3 3 20 30 0 13 0 0 10 0 3 0 0 3 13 8 0 0 0 0 0 27 7 0 5 3 7 0 0 0 18 13 10 8 5 10 10 43 30 10 3 8 7 25 25 20 15 7 18 8 33 10 27 3 7 7 17 0 0 23 17 3 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 3 0 0 SP GR 1.087 1.082 1.080 1.084 1.076 1.092 1.091 1.082 1.077 1.084 1.085 1.083 1.078 1.085 1.077 1.089 1.084 1.086 1.081 1.096 1.088 1.084 1.087 1.081 1.083 1.082 1.084 1.079 1.095 1.081 1.086 1.066 1.075 1.083 0.006 1SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. 2CHIP SCORE: Snack Food Association Scale (Out of the field); Ratings: 1-5; 1: Excellent, 5: Poor. 3SED: Stem End Defect, Based on Paul Bethke's (USDA/UWisconsin - Madison) 0 - 5 scale. 0 = no SED; 3 = significant SED; 5 = severe SED 4QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 40 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 5SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 6MATURITY RATING: August 28, 2015; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 7BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test average number of spots per tuber. NORTH CENTRAL REGIONAL TRIAL MONTCALM RESEARCH FARM May 14 to September 11, 2015 (120 days) DD Base 40°F 31306 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS CWT/A TOTAL PERCENT OF TOTAL1 N US#1 1 569 437 1 427 1 416 1 1 397 355 1 353 2 350 1 336 1 1 329 329 1 328 1 327 1 322 1 2 316 275 1 268 2 254 1 1 242 237 1 343 NS 667 467 480 478 439 389 388 363 397 401 374 395 345 362 337 387 347 297 313 294 396 NS US#1 85 94 89 87 91 91 91 96 85 82 88 83 95 89 94 71 77 85 77 81 Bs 9 4 3 1 9 4 6 4 10 18 11 16 4 10 6 26 17 8 20 17 As OV PO 70 6 2 62 8 65 12 36 89 0 5 60 3 76 0 80 6 79 79 0 1 80 1 83 1 66 1 89 84 0 3 71 5 63 7 45 74 3 2 81 15 32 24 51 2 31 15 16 5 3 8 0 28 0 10 0 14 40 3 0 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 HH VD IBS BC 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 30 0 5 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 SP GR 1.075 1.076 1.065 1.085 1.081 1.071 1.065 1.062 1.090 1.070 1.063 1.077 1.078 1.076 1.059 1.073 1.051 1.058 1.083 1.069 1.071 0.025 SCAB3 MAT4 Bruise5 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.9 1.2 0.4 0.1 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 2.0 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.4 - 1.7 - 0.6 - 1.8 - - 2.0 - - 2.6 - - - - - - 1.1 - 1.6 1.4 LB RAUDPC x100 3-YR AVG US#1 CWT/A - - 16.9 18.4 0.0 7.0 23.9 25.5 4.6 21.6 - 0 - - - - - - 19.2 21.9 14.5 10.8 402* - - 360 379* 285 325* - - - - - 296* - - - - - - - 322 Table 2 LINE ND113300-3RSY MSV093-1 Red LaSoda MST386-1P ND6961B-21PY MSS576-5SPL MN10003PLWR-06R Red Norland MSX540-4PVYR W10209-2R Dark Red Norland MSV235-2PY Yukon Gold ND7834-2P MSW343-2R ND7982-1R W9432-4R W10114-3R MSX324-1P ND7818-1Y MEAN HSD0.05 1SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. 2QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 40 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 3SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 4MATURITY RATING: August 28, 2015; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 5BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test average number of spots per tuber. * Two-Year Average Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 5/14/14 9/10/14 119 6Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill RUSSET TRIAL MONTCALM RESEARCH FARM May 14 to September 11, 2015 (120 days) DD Base 40°F 31306 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS CWT/A TOTAL PERCENT OF TOTAL1 N US#1 514 1 2 418 377 1 364 1 354 1 338 1 2 322 316 2 314 2 291 2 277 2 1 274 269 2 263 1 255 2 239 1 226 2 2 213 170 2 113 2 295 225 570 451 406 397 388 451 400 389 372 310 346 323 291 318 279 336 316 269 259 197 353 248 US#1 90 93 93 92 91 75 80 81 84 94 80 85 92 83 91 71 72 80 65 57 Bs 7 6 4 5 9 9 15 11 14 6 12 15 7 8 7 19 6 10 35 30 As OV PO 3 73 57 1 3 55 3 64 0 86 17 39 75 4 7 60 2 78 0 77 8 54 61 0 1 72 9 60 2 72 10 64 22 55 51 10 0 63 57 13 18 35 38 28 5 36 5 21 6 17 26 24 20 23 20 7 18 29 2 0 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 HH VD IBS BC 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0.0 0 0 5 10 0 5.0 55 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 5 30 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0.0 0 10 25.0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 35 10 0 10 0 15 0 15 40 15 0 0 0 15 0 30 10 25 30 SP GR 1.090 1.069 1.077 1.078 1.069 1.076 1.078 1.087 1.076 1.070 1.065 1.072 1.087 1.067 1.075 1.068 1.096 1.068 1.070 1.077 1.076 0.012 SCAB3 MAT4 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.5 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 4.0 1.0 1.0 2.2 - 1.6 1.9 - 1.1 - 2.1 2.3 1.3 0.9 0.6 - 1.3 - 1.3 - 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.9 1.7 1.4 BRUISE5 1.6 0.4 0.6 0.3 - 0.8 1.7 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 1.7 0.8 0.6 0.1 - 1.2 0.3 1.2 0.7 LB RAUDPC x100 3-YR AVG US#1 CWT/A - - - - - - 21.0 19.0 22.0 15.4 18.0 12.0 19.0 23.0 21.9 14.0 21.0 19.0 22.0 26.0 19.5 10.8 - - - 409* 354* 275* - - - 340 - - - - - - - 161 - 250 328* Table 3 LINE W10074-8rus (NCR) ATX91137-1Rus (Reveille Russet) W9433-1Rus W10043-1rus (NCR) W9519-3Rus ND7882b-7Russ (NCR) CW08071-2Rus AW07791-2Rus A01010-1 (Targhee Russet) Silverton Russet MSY573-3Rus Russet Norkotah (NCR) CO5068-1Rus AFW5465-2rus (NCR) AF3362-1Rus (Caribou Russet) AFW5472-1rus (NCR) W9742-3Rus MSW496-1Rus Russet Norkotah ND8068-5Rus MEAN HSD0.05 1SIZE: B: < 4 oz.; A: 4-10 oz.; OV: > 10 oz.; PO: Pickouts. 2QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 40 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 3SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 4MATURITY RATING: August 28, 2015; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 5BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test average number of spots per tuber. * Two-Year Average Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 5/14/15 9/10/15 119 6Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table 4 LINE MSV093-1Y MSW121-5R MSW259-5 MSW151-05 Reba MSS576-5SPL MSW239-03SPL MSV179-1 Red Norland MSW134-1 MSV434-1Y Molli Oneida Gold MSW299-2 MSW075-1 Spartan Splash MSV396-4Y Superior MST252-1Y McBride MSX526-1 MSX324-1P MSV235-2PY MEAN HSD0.05 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 1 3 3 4 3 4 3 US#1 491 430 429 354 353 336 323 321 318 311 297 297 294 287 280 272 254 248 245 239 238 230 189 306 108 TOTAL US#1 Bs 7 8 4 4 5 3 8 3 11 17 11 17 12 13 24 13 30 8 16 12 24 20 23 92 92 96 89 95 93 89 95 88 83 88 78 88 87 76 87 70 91 76 87 75 80 72 533 467 447 399 371 359 365 338 361 376 336 381 333 330 368 313 364 271 320 276 317 285 262 355 110 As 76 82 71 60 71 66 79 59 86 81 77 75 87 82 76 81 70 88 68 77 75 79 72 OV PO 1 16 0 10 0 25 29 7 0 24 3 27 3 9 36 1 0 2 0 2 1 11 3 5 0 1 0 4 0 1 6 1 0 0 1 3 8 8 10 1 1 0 0 1 0 5 SP GR 1.073 1.068 1.079 1.067 1.074 1.070 1.056 1.060 1.063 1.072 1.073 1.068 1.079 1.072 1.081 1.072 1.078 1.070 1.069 1.080 1.080 1.079 1.075 1.072 0.007 ADAPTATION TRIAL, TABLESTOCK LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH FARM May 14 to September 14, 2015 (123 days) DD Base 40°F 31306 CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL1 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS SCAB3 1.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.1 1.8 2.3 1.9 1.5 2.2 1.9 2.3 1.8 2.3 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.1 2.6 1.9 1.4 MAT4 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.7 1.3 2.7 1.0 2.0 2.7 2.0 2.3 2.7 2.3 1.5 3.0 1.0 1.3 2.0 2.3 1.0 1.0 2.2 BRUISE5 0.4 nd 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.5 2.6 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.4 0.7 nd 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.2 1.8 2.3 1.0 RAUDPC LB x100 16.9 1.7 14.6 6.1 21.4 7.0 - 23.3 25.5 22.8 - 18.0 19.2 13.4 - - 9.4 - - - 20.3 19.2 0.0 14.9 10.8 HH 3 40 17 0 20 0 0 0 3 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 VD IBS 0 0 30 30 3 7 10 0 0 7 0 3 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 5 7 3 20 0 0 3 0 3 0 17 10 0 0 10 0 3 0 17 8 0 0 13 0 3 10 0 BC 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 0 3 0 0 1SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. 2QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 40 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 3SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 4MATURITY RATING: August 28, 2015; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 5BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test average number of spots per tuber. Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 5/14/15 9/10/15 119 6Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table 5 LINE MSX542-2 Dakota Diamond MSV507-129 MST186-1Y MSY008-3 Beacon Chipper MSX198-5 MSX245-2Y MSX196-1 MSY022-2 MSW399-2 MSZ280-7 MSZ222-19 MSZ057-5 MSX129-1 MSZ194-2 MSZ452-1 Atlantic MSZ407-2Y MSZ300-1 MSW064-1 MSX472-1 MSW464-3 MSW537-6 MSW248-02 MSX156-2 MSU383-A MSW168-2 MSZ219-01 MSV335-1 MSW502-4 MSV241-2 MSW326-6 MSX221-2 MSZ025-5 MSZ159-3 MSX417-1 MSW485-2 MSX225-2 MSU379-1 MSV507-143 MSW294-1 MSW044-1 MSS164-1 CWT/A N US#1 TOTAL 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 544 516 494 486 490 469 474 469 437 451 478 392 402 391 378 387 391 372 388 400 346 362 330 337 340 365 334 327 323 318 357 347 397 318 312 387 314 369 307 284 304 334 365 306 535 504 471 467 455 452 445 440 432 426 413 383 370 368 365 362 353 349 346 337 328 327 319 314 312 309 306 305 302 300 298 295 293 293 287 282 278 276 275 272 270 266 264 262 US#1 98 98 95 96 93 96 94 94 99 95 86 98 92 94 97 94 91 94 89 84 95 90 97 93 92 85 93 93 93 94 84 85 74 92 92 73 88 75 90 96 89 80 72 86 Bs 2 2 5 4 8 3 5 6 1 4 14 2 8 6 3 4 9 6 11 6 5 10 3 5 6 15 7 6 7 6 16 9 24 8 8 25 12 25 10 4 5 20 25 14 PO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 3.0 0.0 1.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 SP GR 1.085 1.084 1.093 1.083 1.079 1.078 1.079 1.086 1.072 1.077 1.087 1.078 1.091 1.075 1.085 1.087 1.095 1.089 1.074 1.085 1.082 1.089 1.082 1.095 1.087 1.071 1.074 1.089 1.074 1.077 1.066 1.088 1.093 1.080 1.091 1.081 1.086 1.089 1.085 1.081 1.088 1.097 1.092 1.088 CHIP SCORE2 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 - 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 - 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 - - 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 - 2.0 1.5 OTF SED3 3.0 3.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 - 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 - 4.0 3.0 2.0 0.0 - - 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 - 2.0 1.0 OV 27 28 15 9 10 28 15 14 31 46 3 28 12 27 34 18 16 6 11 19 5 0 13 25 29 6 15 12 9 25 0 12 3 4 0 5 0 1 0 14 23 0 0 0 As 72 69 80 87 84 68 79 80 68 49 84 70 80 67 62 76 74 88 78 66 90 90 84 69 62 78 77 81 84 69 84 73 70 88 92 69 88 73 90 82 66 80 72 86 HH 0 20 90 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 10 0 20 0 20 10 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 VD IBS 0 30 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 10 0 20 20 0 0 0 0 5 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 30 10 0 20 0 5 0 20 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 5 0 20 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 0 10 0 0 0 30 0 10 20 0 40 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 BC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 PRELIMINARY TRIAL, CHIP-PROCESSING LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH FARM May 14 to September 14, 2015 (123 days) DD Base 40°F 31308 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS PERCENT OF TOTAL1 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY4 SCAB5 MAT6 BRUISE7 1.9 2.1 1.3 1.3 1.5 2.4 2.5 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.3 2.6 1.6 2.3 2.3 2.8 1.0 2.0 1.4 - 1.9 1.6 2.0 - 1.1 2.0 1.1 1.8 1.3 1.5 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.6 2.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 2.1 1.5 1.3 4.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 3.5 1.5 3.5 4.0 3.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 4.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 4.2 1.2 0.9 1.3 0.3 1.4 0.4 1.0 2.3 1.3 0.8 - 1.2 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.5 2.8 0.4 0.5 1.1 1.8 0.6 1.2 - - 1.0 2.8 0.8 1.3 2.0 0.3 1.7 1.4 2.0 - 1.5 0.4 RAUDPC LB x100 7.9 - - - 14.7 - 0.5 - 15.0 15.5 9.2 - - 8.6 - 22.8 14.7 25.9 20.9 20.3 9.2 - 0.3 15.7 - - 20.3 15.9 9.2 - 15.9 - 19.4 18.2 - - - 6.7 - - - - 0.2 20.5 Table 5 PRELIMINARY TRIAL, CHIP-PROCESSING LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH FARM May 14 to September 14, 2015 (123 days) DD Base 40°F 31308 CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL1 Bs 10 9 7 25 17 11 22 11 16 3 12 20 15 17 8 40 28 31 36 12 32 44 30 69 As 78 87 66 68 83 89 73 89 84 78 84 70 85 76 71 57 72 69 64 88 69 56 70 31 PO 2.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 2.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OV 9 5 25 8 0 0 4 0 0 19 0 8 0 3 21 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 256 255 254 254 254 250 248 242 236 234 225 224 220 212 210 206 202 200 189 185 165 158 135 104 300 245 293 277 281 336 308 281 323 271 282 242 266 287 260 271 229 343 278 291 296 211 240 281 192 319 346 273 US#1 87 92 92 75 83 89 77 89 84 97 84 78 85 78 92 60 72 69 64 88 69 56 70 31 N US#1 TOTAL 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 LINE MSV284-1 MSV092-2 MSV246-1 MSX472-2 Snowden MSW164-2 MSZ507-2 MSX420-4Y MSV307-2 MSW502-3 Pike QSMSU10-15 MSY193-1 MSX495-2 MSX345-6Y MSW509-1 MSZ119-1 MSW324-01 MSW100-1 MSZ282-6 MSW078-1 MSX410-12Y MSZ157-3 MSW182-1Y MEAN HSD0.05 1SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. 2CHIP SCORE: Snack Food Association Scale (Out of the field); Ratings: 1-5; 1: Excellent, 5: Poor. 3SED: Stem End Defect, Based on Paul Bethke's (USDA/UWisconsin - Madison) 0 - 5 scale. 0 = no SED; 3 = significant SED; 5 = severe SED 4QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 40 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 5SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 6MATURITY RATING: August 28, 2015; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 7BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test average number of spots per tuber. SP GR 1.078 1.086 1.088 1.081 1.084 1.076 1.083 1.087 1.085 1.079 1.089 1.092 1.087 1.084 1.088 1.081 1.081 1.090 1.086 1.077 1.089 1.086 1.073 1.086 1.084 0.029 HH 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 - 1.0 - 1.0 - 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 - 1.0 1.5 - 1.0 1.5 - - - 1.5 - - OTF SED3 3.0 - 2.0 - 1.0 - 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 - 0.0 1.0 - 0.0 1.0 - - - 0.0 - - CHIP SCORE2 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY4 VD IBS 0 0 0 0 10 15 0 0 0 10 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 20 0 30 0 20 0 0 0 10 0 40 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 5 25 BC 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS SCAB5 MAT6 BRUISE7 2.1 0.9 2.4 1.6 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.4 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.6 2.1 1.8 1.1 1.4 - 1.8 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.4 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 1.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 4.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.7 1.0 0.7 1.3 - 1.6 - 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.8 - 0.8 0.6 - 0.8 1.2 - - - 0.9 - - 1.1 RAUDPC LB x100 0.0 - - 9.5 18.0 - 2.4 - - - 22.5 21.0 - 23.4 - - - 1.0 3.1 - 0.7 - 4.1 15.1 12.4 10.8 Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 5/14/15 9/10/15 119 8Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table 6 LINE MSY111-1 QSMSU08-4 Soraya VC1009-1W/Y MSX156-1Y MSV502-5 MSW126-1 MSW236-3 MSW125-3 MST094-1 A05182-7Y MSW353-3 Maris Bard Granola QSMSU10-02 MSX506-3 MSU016-2 MSY491-2Y MSU161-1 MSW556-1 MST191-2Y MSV111-1 MSW042-1 MST148-3 MSX137-6 W9577-6Y MST145-2 Reba MSV397-2 MSX009-2 MSW068-4 MSV127-1 W9576-13Y MSX172-7 MSY042-1 CalWhite MSX503-5 MST441-1 MSW123-3 MSU245-1 MSV301-2 A02267-1Y MSV016-2 MSW437-9 PRELIMINARY TRIAL, TABLESTOCK LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH FARM May 14 to September 10, 2015 (120 days) DD Base 40°F 31306 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS CWT/A N US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs PERCENT OF TOTAL1 As OV PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 PO SP GR HH VD IBS BC SCAB3 MAT4 BRUISE5 LB RAUDPC x100 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 512 475 462 456 448 439 439 433 407 402 399 371 363 360 359 358 348 346 344 343 339 339 338 336 336 326 320 320 317 309 303 301 300 298 296 292 290 288 288 287 284 283 283 279 535 494 513 495 476 452 458 451 444 433 450 389 387 479 384 388 374 399 370 499 379 395 400 362 374 379 408 334 343 365 360 332 328 363 330 335 312 343 310 332 310 342 309 308 96 96 90 93 94 97 96 96 92 93 89 95 94 75 94 92 93 87 93 69 89 86 84 93 90 86 79 96 92 85 84 91 91 82 90 87 93 84 92 86 92 83 92 90 4 4 7 6 3 3 4 4 5 4 11 5 2 21 5 8 7 13 7 21 11 14 16 7 10 14 10 4 4 15 10 9 7 18 6 9 7 16 5 14 6 14 8 10 63 85 87 74 65 75 70 74 63 81 78 84 78 72 72 69 85 84 86 69 79 82 83 73 87 82 62 80 89 80 83 91 73 81 73 74 90 78 61 74 64 77 78 85 33 11 4 19 29 22 26 22 29 12 10 12 16 3 22 23 8 3 7 0 10 4 1 20 3 4 17 16 4 4 2 0 18 2 16 13 3 6 32 12 27 6 13 6 0 0 3 2 3 1 0 0 3 3 0 0 4 4 2 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 4 0 5 0 2 0 4 4 0 0 3 0 2 3 0 0 1.076 1.082 1.062 1.072 1.068 1.076 1.078 1.078 1.059 1.080 1.076 1.076 1.070 1.067 1.074 1.075 1.090 1.072 1.075 1.073 1.085 1.073 1.077 1.077 1.073 1.075 1.074 1.078 1.076 1.083 1.074 1.088 1.072 1.084 1.079 1.071 1.075 1.079 1.062 1.090 1.080 1.060 1.090 1.070 0 0 0 15 0 5 10 10 5 0 0 0 70 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 20 15 0 0 0 10 0 15 60 20 45 40 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 10 0 20 0 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 1.8 1.6 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.5 2.8 1.1 1.6 - 0.9 2.6 1.1 1.4 1.5 2.1 1.5 2.3 2.4 2.5 1.4 2.4 2.5 1.8 2.1 - 2.1 1.4 1.9 2.8 2.1 1.4 1.8 1.8 2.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 2.5 1.5 2.0 2.1 2.6 3.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 1.5 4.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.2 2.0 1.3 0.3 - 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.3 0.5 1.1 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.7 0.4 1.7 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.5 1.1 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.4 - 22.8 21.7 12.5 - - 18.9 18.5 20.6 - - 17.6 21.5 14.8 1.9 19.6 5.6 5.0 6.5 - - 15.2 1.6 - 22.6 18.9 - 21.4 19.9 11.3 - - 22.5 - - - 21.7 - 18.6 10.3 24.3 17.0 - 17.7 Table 6 LINE Barbara MSW500-04 MSV282-4Y MSV292-1Y MSX293-1Y MSW237-4Y MSW270-1 W9576-11Y MSW569-2 MSX497-6 MSY452-1 MSV089-2 MST229-1 Superior MSW298-4Y MSW119-2 MSX011-4 MSX010-3 MSW242-5Y MSW500-10 CO07370-1W/Y MSX255-1 MSY520-1 CO05037-3W/Y MSW092-1 MEAN HSD0.05 PRELIMINARY TRIAL, TABLESTOCK LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH FARM May 14 to September 10, 2015 (120 days) DD Base 40°F 31306 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS CWT/A N US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs PERCENT OF TOTAL1 As OV PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 PO SP GR HH VD IBS BC SCAB3 MAT4 BRUISE5 LB RAUDPC x100 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 277 274 273 270 269 266 265 251 250 245 244 243 233 231 230 228 226 208 185 177 165 153 118 95 0 301 NS 382 301 316 292 329 297 337 314 275 264 293 277 258 253 315 283 287 264 311 221 307 245 172 181 106 349 NS 73 91 86 93 82 89 79 80 91 93 84 88 90 91 73 81 79 79 59 76 54 62 69 53 0 22 9 14 5 18 11 21 19 9 7 11 12 10 9 27 20 21 21 41 24 46 38 31 47 100 71 88 81 72 82 89 79 77 80 93 58 82 84 81 72 78 79 77 59 74 54 62 69 53 0 2 3 5 20 0 0 0 4 12 0 26 6 6 11 2 3 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 10 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 10 0 0 0 10 0 0 5 0 10 0 5 5 0 0 10 5 20 10 30 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.076 1.074 1.083 1.065 1.079 1.082 1.074 1.058 1.077 1.069 1.062 1.077 1.081 1.072 1.076 1.075 1.090 1.078 1.077 1.072 1.062 1.089 1.068 1.073 - 1.075 0.009 1.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.9 2.9 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.6 2.3 1.1 3.0 2.5 2.9 - 2.1 1.4 1.4 2.0 2.4 1.9 1.4 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.3 1.1 0.5 1.6 0.5 0.8 2.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.5 1.2 0.6 0.6 1.5 1.2 1.8 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.4 - 0.8 17.4 - 0.0 - 0.6 14.8 - 23.4 - 1.6 6.5 - - - 12.1 13.0 18.9 24.6 0.0 22.8 12.7 22.4 5.4 26.7 0.2 14.6 10.8 1SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. 2QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 40 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 3SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 4MATURITY RATING: August 28, 2015; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 5BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test average number of spots per tuber. Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 5/14/15 9/10/15 119 6Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table 7 PRELIMINARY TRIAL, PIGMENTED LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH FARM May 14 to September 14, 2015 (123 days) DD Base 40°F 31305 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL1 Bs 8 3 5 17 7 4 9 8 7 10 14 16 32 8 21 23 7 16 13 13 27 38 US#1 92 93 94 83 93 86 91 92 93 90 86 84 68 92 79 74 90 80 87 87 73 62 N US#1 TOTAL 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 LINE MSX517-3SPL Michigan Purple Sport I MSZUNK-7 Dakota Ruby MSX507-1R MSU198-01SPL MST075-1R MSX148-1WP MSU202-1P MSX569-1R MSU316-3PY MSZ107-6PP Merlot Red Norland MSU616-3PP MSY544-5R MSX324-2R MSY480-3RY Purple Surprise 3 MSX001-4WP CO07102-1R MSZ109-07PP MEAN HSD0.05 1SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. 2QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 40 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 3SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 4MATURITY RATING: August 28, 2015; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 5Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill VD IBS 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SP GR 1.075 1.069 1.048 1.068 1.060 1.061 1.069 1.075 1.064 1.059 1.060 1.074 1.070 1.060 1.069 1.062 1.070 1.064 1.063 1.064 1.059 1.059 1.065 NS 494 484 399 391 362 348 348 347 347 347 313 306 304 297 277 262 229 227 213 175 168 130 308 NS 536 520 423 471 387 407 382 376 372 383 362 365 449 322 350 355 255 285 244 201 229 208 358 NS HH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OV 8 26 33 0 18 28 0 8 18 3 0 3 0 4 2 0 2 9 10 6 0 0 BC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PO 0 4 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 5 0 0 0 0 As 84 67 62 83 76 58 91 84 75 88 86 81 68 88 77 74 87 71 77 82 73 62 SCAB3 MAT4 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 1.7 2.4 2.6 1.6 2.0 2.4 1.6 1.9 1.5 1.4 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.4 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.6 1.4 1.9 1.4 RAUDPC LB x100 4.0 - 21.0 22.0 5.0 16.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 14.0 26.0 19.0 24.0 22.0 27.0 - - - - - - - 19.0 10.8 5/14/15 9/10/15 119 Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: Table 8 LINE MSZ096-02 MSZ020-04 MSZ045-09 MSZ118-02 MSZ120-04 Atlantic MSZ219-14 MSZ096-03 MSZ022-19 MSZ062-18 MSZ022-16 MSZ026-08 Snowden MSZ062-31Y MSZ219-29 MSZ219-46 MSZ052-13 MSZ118-19 MSZ062-50 MSZ022-07 MSZ101-07 MSZ022-14 MSZ020-08 MSZ052-31 MSZ062-06 MSZ020-10 MSZ101-06 MSZ242-03 MSZ052-14 MSZ118-08 MSZ103-02Y MSZ242-15Y MSZ242-14Y MSZ062-42 MSZ242-13 MSZ242-09 MSZ222-15 MSZ242-12 CWT/A N US#1 TOTAL 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 416 456 399 416 403 370 358 359 337 371 335 334 368 353 298 279 306 302 294 301 301 281 265 242 276 259 288 276 262 302 233 223 227 230 220 227 212 208 394 393 362 354 347 333 326 321 308 307 303 302 298 291 280 273 271 269 266 263 251 248 244 231 231 231 218 209 206 203 198 197 193 181 179 170 166 164 US#1 95 86 91 85 86 89 91 89 91 82 91 91 81 83 94 98 88 89 91 87 83 88 92 95 84 89 76 76 78 67 85 87 84 82 81 75 77 78 Bs 5 14 7 15 13 11 9 11 9 18 9 9 18 17 6 2 12 11 9 13 15 12 8 5 14 11 24 23 22 33 15 13 15 17 19 25 20 20 As 86 74 71 84 84 87 82 82 79 77 87 82 79 81 89 69 87 78 75 84 76 82 91 93 74 72 75 75 74 67 80 82 83 76 78 70 74 74 OV 9 12 19 1 1 2 9 7 12 5 4 9 2 1 5 29 1 11 16 3 7 6 1 2 10 17 1 1 4 0 5 5 1 6 3 5 3 4 PO 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 3 2 PRELIMINARY TRIAL: Scab resistant "MSZ" LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH FARM May 18 to September 16, 2015 (121 days) DD Base 40°F 30486 PERCENT OF TOTAL1 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS SCAB3 MAT4 3.5 0.0 4.0 0.0 4.0 2.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 2.0 3.5 3.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 3.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 1.8 nd 1.5 nd 2.0 2.8 0.5 1.0 1.8 0.5 0.8 2.3 3.2 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.3 2.5 2.0 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.5 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.5 BRUISE5 1.6 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.8 1.3 1.6 0.5 0.6 1.3 0.8 1.7 0.6 1.2 0.7 1.8 2.2 1.8 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.5 1.6 0.4 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.4 SFA SED SP GR OTF OTF HH 0 1.088 10 1.090 10 1.074 0 1.089 1.089 0 10 1.095 20 1.089 0 1.081 1.086 0 0 1.077 10 1.089 0 1.083 1.090 0 0 1.073 10 1.079 10 1.087 0 1.089 1.093 0 0 1.089 10 1.083 15 1.086 1.079 0 0 1.082 5 1.083 10 1.082 15 1.087 1.081 0 5 1.094 0 1.085 0 1.088 1.087 0 10 1.093 0 1.083 0 1.084 0 1.100 1.093 0 5 1.078 1.092 5 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 1.0 3.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 VD IBS 0 0 0 10 0 10 10 0 10 0 10 5 0 20 5 30 10 0 0 5 10 25 0 10 30 0 0 0 5 25 0 15 0 15 15 0 0 5 0 10 0 5 5 0 0 5 20 0 5 0 0 10 0 0 5 5 0 15 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 10 0 0 0 0 5 BC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table 8 LINE MSZ052-40 MSZ222-18 MSZ242-07 MSZ062-10 MSZ169-01 MSZ052-11 MSZ062-46 MSZ118-20 MSZ052-38 MEAN HSD0.05 PRELIMINARY TRIAL: Scab resistant "MSZ" LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH FARM May 18 to September 16, 2015 (121 days) DD Base 40°F 30486 CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL1 N US#1 TOTAL 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 216 237 149 162 137 210 209 179 87 280 234 151 147 137 137 125 113 110 103 80 236 220 US#1 69 62 93 85 90 54 51 53 92 Bs 30 25 7 15 9 43 49 47 6 As 69 58 72 79 78 54 51 53 85 OV 0 4 21 6 12 0 0 0 7 PO 1 12 0 0 2 3 0 0 2 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 VD IBS 0 5 0 0 0 5 10 10 15 0 0 15 0 5 0 0 15 10 BC 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 SFA SED SP GR OTF OTF HH 0 1.092 55 1.069 0 1.101 0 1.092 1.077 0 0 1.082 0 1.081 0 1.081 1.085 0 1.086 0.012 1.0 0.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS SCAB3 MAT4 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.5 2.7 1.0 2.0 1.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.5 1.1 1.4 BRUISE5 0.8 - 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.4 - 0.9 1SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. 2QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 40 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 3SCAB DISEASE RATING: 2014 On Farm Scab Trial; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 4MATURITY RATING: August 28, 2015; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 5BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test average number of spots per tuber. Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 5/18/15 9/10/15 115 6Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table 9 2013-2015 SCAB DISEASE TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER , MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 3-YR* AVG. 0.8* - - - - 1.2 - - - - - - - - 0.9* 1.0 1.0* 1.3* 1.5* 1.1* 1.3* 1.2 1.3* 1.4* 1.1* 1.1* LINE Sorted by ascending 2015 Average Rating; MST386-1P MSY573-3Rus AF4648-2PVYR MSV092-2 MSW353-3 Silverton Russet Barbara MSW474-01 MSX225-2 MSX324-2R MSX503-5 MSZ407-2Y A01143-3C AF5320-1 Granola McBride MST441-1 MSU383-A MSV081-04 MSV383-B MSW100-1LBR MSW119-2 MSW125-3 MSX324-1P MSZ219-01PVYR MSZ263-4 W9519-3Rus A01010-1 (Targhee Russet) AF3362-1Rus (Caribou Russet) CO5068-1RusLBMS MSR127-2 MSS164-1LBR MST186-1Y MSU379-1 MSV380-1 MSV507-129 MSV507-143 MSW123-3 MSW502-4 MSX526-1 MSZ222-19 MSU202-1P MSV111-1LBMR MSV397-2 MSW064-1 MSW163-03 MSW229-5PLBR MSW505-2 MSW509-5 MSX156-2 MSX196-1 MSX255-1 MSY452-1 MSY520-1 MSZ109-07PP MSZ282-6 QSMSU10-02LBR W9576-11Y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.3* 1.6 - - - - - 1.1* 1.2* 2015 2015 RATING WORST 2015 N 2014 2014 RATING WORST 2014 N 2013 2013 RATING WORST 2013 N 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1.0 - - - - 1.6 - - - - - - - - 0.8 1.1 0.9 - - - - - - - - - - - 1.0 - 1.4 1.3 1.6 - 0.9 0.9 - - - - - 1.1 1.6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.0 - 1.5 - - - - 2.0 - - - - - - - - 1.0 1.5 1.5 - - - - - - - - - - - 1.0 - 2.0 1.5 2.0 - 1.5 1.0 - - - - - 1.5 2.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.0 - 4 - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - 4 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - 4 4 4 - 4 4 - - - - - 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - 1.1 - - - - - - - - - 0.8 - - - - - - 1.4 - - - - 1.75 - 1.25 1.0 - - - - - - - - - - - 1.9 - - - - - 0.8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - 1.5 - - - - - - 1.5 - - - - 2.5 - 1.5 1.5 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - 1.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - 4 - - - - 4 - 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - 2013-2015 SCAB DISEASE TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER , MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 3-YR* AVG. 2015 2015 RATING WORST 2014 2014 RATING WORST 2013 2013 RATING WORST Table 9 LINE W9576-13Y MST252-1Y MSV241-2 MSV301-2 MSW044-1 MSW126-1 MSW394-1 MSX148-1WP MSX506-3 MSY008-3 MSY111-1 MSY193-1 MSY491-2Y Pike Red Norland W5955-1 MSX472-2 ATX91137-1Rus (Reveille Russet) MST094-1 MSU198-01SPL MSV030-4 MSV358-3 MSV505-2 MSW075-1 MSW502-3 MSW509-1 MSW537-6 MSX129-1 MSX245-2Y MSX293-1YLBR MSX417-1 MSZUNK-7 Purple Surprise 3 QSMSU10-15 Soraya Superior MSV093-1LBMR Lamoka MSS576-05SPLLBR MST229-1 MSU316-3PY MSV089-2 MSV266-3P MSV307-02 MSV335-1 MSV393-1 MSV394-3 MSV396-4YLBMR MSW237-4Y MSW324-01LBR MSX001-4WP MSX137-6 MSX172-7 MSX410-12Y MSX495-2 MSY042-1 MSY480-3RY MSZ107-6PP MSZ280-7 NY154LBMS 1.5* - 1.3 - - - - - - - - - - 1.4 1.6 1.5 - 1.4* 1.6* - 1.8* 1.6* 1.3* - - - - - - - - - - 1.5 - - 1.4 1.6 1.8 - - - - 1.6* 1.7* 1.8* - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.7* 2015 N 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 4 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 - 0.8 - 1.5 - - - - - - - - - 1.3 1.4 1.6 - 1.1 1.6 - 1.9 1.5 0.9 - - - - - - - - - - 1.8 - - 1.4 1.5 1.6 - - - - 1.5 - - 1.6 1.8 - - - - - - - - - - - 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2014 N - 4 - 4 - - - - - - - - - 4 9 4 - 4 4 - 4 3 4 - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - 4 4 8 - - - - 4 - - 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - 1.0 - 2.0 - - - - - - - - - 1.5 2.0 2.0 - 2.0 2.0 - 2.0 2.5 1.0 - - - - - - - - - - 2.5 - - 2.0 2.0 2.0 - - - - 2.0 - - 2.0 2.5 - - - - - - - - - - - 2.0 - 1.5 - - - - - - - - - - - 1.4 2.0 1.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.1 - - 1.3 1.5 2.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2013 N - 4 - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - 4 4 8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2.5 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - 2 2 2.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Table 9 LINE Oneida Gold QSMSU08-04 MST075-1R MSV033-1 MSV179-1 MSV434-1Y MSV502-5 MSW270-1 MSW399-2 MSW464-3LBR MSW569-2 MSX009-2 MSX221-2 MSX345-6Y MSX542-2 MSY022-2 MSZ159-3 W9433-1Rus A02267-1Y CO05037-3W/Y Dakota Ruby MSR061-1LBMR,PVYR MSU616-3PP MSV292-1Y MSW168-2 MSW248-02 MSW485-2 MSW496-1Rus MSW500-04 MSX398-2LBR MSX540-4PVYR, LBR MSX569-1R MSY544-5R MSZ025-5 MSZ030-4 MSZ300-1 Spartan Splash W9742-3Rus BNC182-5 CO07370-1W/Y CW08071-2Rus Dakota Diamond Manistee MSS487-2LBR MSU016-2 MSV016-2 MSV127-1 MSV282-4YLBR MSV284-1LBR MSV440-6LBMR MSV507-056 MSW182-1Y MSW294-1 MSZ119-1 NY157 Reba Russet Norkotah W9577-6Y MSW134-1 AF4975-3 2013-2015 SCAB DISEASE TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER , MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 3-YR* AVG. 2015 2015 RATING WORST 2014 2014 RATING WORST 2013 2013 RATING WORST 2014 N - 4 - 4 - 4 - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - 4 - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - 4 - - 4 4 4 - - - - - 4 5 - - - - 6 7 3 - - - 2.0 - 2.5 - 2.0 - - - - - - - - - - - 2.0 - - - 1.5 - - - - - - - - 1.0 - - - - - - - 2.0 - - 2.5 2.0 3.0 - - - - - 2.5 3.0 - - - - 2.5 2.5 2.0 - - - 2.0 - - 1.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.0 - 1.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.4 - - - - - 3.3 3.3 - - - - - - - 2.6 - - - 2.6 2.5 - - - 2013 N - 4 - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - 4 4 - - - - - - - 4 - - - 4 4 - - - - 2.5 - - 1.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - 2.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 - - - - - 3.5 3.5 - - - - - - - 3 - - - 3 3 - - - 2015 N 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 4 4 3 4 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 - 1.6 - 2.0 - 1.5 - - - - - - - - - - - 1.3 - - - 1.0 - - - - - - - - 0.9 - - - - - - - 1.6 - - 2.0 1.9 2.6 - - - - - 2.4 2.4 - - - - 2.3 1.8 2.0 - - 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 - 1.8 - 1.9* 1.5* 1.7* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.6* - - - 1.7 - 1.8* 1.4* 2.2* 1.9* 2.1* 2.4 2.7 - - - - - 2.3* 2.3* 2.4* - - - 2.3 2.1 2.1* - - 2013-2015 SCAB DISEASE TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER , MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 3-YR* AVG. 2015 2015 RATING WORST 2014 2014 RATING WORST 2013 2013 RATING WORST 2015 N 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 - 1.8 2.4 - - - - - - - - - 1.8 - - - - - - - - - - 2.5 2.4 2.9 - - - - - - - - - 1.5 2.8 - - - - - - 2.6 2.6 - - - - - - 1.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 1.4 2014 N - 4 4 - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 4 - - - - - - - - - 4 4 - - - - - - 8 8 - - - - - - - 2.0 3.0 - - - - - - - - - 2.0 - - - - - - - - - - 3.0 3.0 3.0 - - - - - - - - - 2.0 3.0 - - - - - - 3.0 3.0 - - - - - - - - 2.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.6 - - - - - - - - - - 2.6 3.1 - 2.8 - - - - 3.1 3.2 - - - - - - 1.5 2013 N - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 - 4 - - - - 12 12 - - - - - - - - 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - 3 3.5 - 3 - - - - 3.5 3.5 - - - - - - Table 9 LINE AW07791-2Rus MSU161-1LBMR, PVYR MSW239-3SPL MSW298-4Y MSW299-2 MSX156-1Y MSZ157-3LBR MSZ194-2 MSZ452-1 VC1009-1W/Y Molli A05182-7Y Beacon Chipper Merlot MSV246-1 MSW042-1LBR MSW092-1LBR MSW326-6 MSW556-1 MSX420-4Y MSX507-1RLBR MSX517-3SPLLBR CO02343-3W FL1879 MST148-3 MST191-2Y MSU245-1 MSW151-05 MSW164-2 MSW259-5 MSX010-3 MSX198-5LBR MSZ507-2LBR CO07102-1R Maris Bard Michigan Purple Sport I MSV235-2PYLBR MSW121-5RLBR MSW437-9 MSZ057-5 CalWhite MSW068-4 MSW236-3 Snowden Atlantic MSW242-5YLBR MSX497-6LBR ND8068-5Rus NYK28-18 MSX011-4 MSW360-18PVYR HSD0.05 = - 2.0* 2.3 - - - - - - - - - 2.1* - - - - - - - - - - 2.5* 2.5 2.7* - - - - - - - - - 2.3 2.8 - - - - - 2.8 2.8 - - - - - - 2.8* SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery plot rating of 0-5; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%, no pitted leisions; 3: Intermediate >20%, some pitted leisions (Susceptible, as commonly seen on Atlantic); 5: Highly Susceptible, >75% coverage and severe pitted leisions. N = Number of replications. *2-Year Average. Table 10 2015 SCAB DISEASE EARLY GENERATION TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER , MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS LINE Sorted by ascending 2015 Rating; MSAA055-13 MSAA205-1 MSAA035-1 MSAA036-01 MSAA049-1 MSAA067-4 MSAA101-1RR MSAA103-1RR MSAA110-1 MSAA151-1 MSAA156-1 MSAA161-1PY MSAA161-4RY MSAA163-3 MSAA203-2 MSAA214-2 MSAA313-2 MSAA392-3 MSAA481-1 MSAA498-18 MSAA502-3 MSAA507-10 MSAA571-4 MSAA720-1 MSX245-2Y MSX324-1P MSY507-2 MSY573-3Rus MSY713-1 MSY741-1 MSZ107-1PP MSZ109-05RR MSZ213-2P MSZ223-2 MSZ412-2RR MSZ427-3R MSAA006-2 MSAA012-11 MSAA014-2 MSAA036-10 MSAA055-10 MSAA056-8 MSAA072-2 MSAA072-4 MSAA076-15 MSAA076-06 MSAA076-07 MSAA081-1 MSAA086-2 MSAA100-1 2015 RATING 2015 N FEMALE MALE 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MSP239-1 AO008-1TE MSL007-B Manistee MegaChip MSR061-1 Adirondack Blue Adirondack Blue Colonial Purple MSS544-1R Spartan Splash MST386-1P MST386-1P MST386-1P AO008-1TE Elkton Elkton MSP239-1 MSS927-1 MSV092-2 MSV092-2 MSV092-2 MSV313-1 Silverton Russet Manistee MSN105-1 Superior Canela MSS703-5 MSA133-16Y COMN07-W112BG1 COMN07-W112BG1 MSQ279-1 MSR148-4 Colonial Purple MSQ440-2 Beacon Chipper Beacon Chipper Beacon Chipper Manistee MSP239-1 MSP270-1 MSR127-2 MSR127-2 MSR127-2 MSR127-2 MSR127-2 MSR169-8Y MSR169-8Y Snowden MSV383-B Silverton Russet MSR169-8Y MSR127-2 McBride MSR127-2 Colonial Purple MSR214-2P MSR217-1R Colonial Purple Colonial Purple MN02616RY MN02616RY MSR214-2P Goldrush Russet Pike Lamoka McBride MSV241-2 Elkton Manistee MSR127-2 MSR169-8Y A01124-3Rus McBride Colonial Purple MSL211-3 Goldrush Russet MCR150 MSP055-1Y MSR127-2 MSU200-5PP Colonial Purple MSS297-3 MST406-2RR NDTX4271-5R Elkton MSR169-8Y MSS297-3 MSR127-2 MSV383-B McBride Lamoka Lamoka MSS297-3 MSS297-3 MSS297-3 MSQ086-3 W6609-3 MSR061-1 Table 10 2015 SCAB DISEASE EARLY GENERATION TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER , MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS LINE Sorted by ascending 2015 Rating; MSAA143-1 MSAA161-3RY MSAA166-2P MSAA170-3 MSAA194-2 MSAA208-1 MSAA217-3 MSAA228-1 MSAA230-4 MSAA241-1 MSAA242-2 MSAA250-1 MSAA252-7 MSAA253-1 MSAA253-2 MSAA253-5 MSAA254-4 MSAA260-3 MSAA261-2 MSAA261-3 MSAA263-3 MSAA265-2 MSAA265-4 MSAA266-1 MSAA271-5 MSAA289-1 MSAA290-2 MSAA311-3 MSAA324-4 MSAA328-06 MSAA342-11Y MSAA342-07Y MSAA376-1 MSAA376-3 MSAA392-5 MSAA478-2 MSAA481-2 MSAA498-17 MSAA498-07 MSAA498-09 MSAA502-5 MSAA507-11 MSAA509-2 MSAA523-1 MSAA526-1 MSAA530-2 MSAA570-15 MSAA570-19 MSAA578-4 MSAA578-7 2015 RATING 2015 N FEMALE MALE 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MSR606-2 MST386-1P MST386-1P MSU016-2 MSW151-5 AF4130-3 Beacon Chipper CO22188-4W MSL007-B MSM246-B MSM246-B NY140 NY148 NY148 NY148 NY148 MSP239-1 MSQ086-3 MSQ086-3 MSQ086-3 MSQ089-1 MSQ089-1 MSQ089-1 MSQ279-1 MSS927-1 MSU379-1 MSU379-1 Elkton Boulder Boulder MSJ042-3Y MSJ042-3Y NY148 NY148 MSP239-1 MSS927-1 MSS927-1 MSV092-2 MSV092-2 MSV092-2 MSV092-2 MSV092-2 MSV092-2 MSV127-1 MSV127-1 MSV158-2 MSV313-1 MSV313-1 MSV358-3 MSV358-3 MSL211-3 MN02616RY MSU200-5PP MSR157-1Y MSL211-3 Lamoka Atlantic MSR169-8Y McBride MSR127-2 MSS297-3 MSR169-8Y MSQ089-1 MSV241-2 MSV241-2 MSV241-2 Lamoka Atlantic McBride McBride Lamoka W6609-3 W6609-3 Manistee Lamoka MegaChip Tundra Atlantic Lamoka MSR169-8Y MSR169-8Y MSR169-8Y MSQ086-3 MSQ086-3 McBride Atlantic MSV241-2 Elkton Elkton Elkton Manistee MSR127-2 MSS165-2Y Lamoka MSS165-2Y McBride Lamoka Lamoka Pike Pike Table 10 2015 SCAB DISEASE EARLY GENERATION TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER , MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS LINE Sorted by ascending 2015 Rating; MSAA588-3 MSAA603-5 MSAA678-1 MSAA690-2 MSAA708-1PP MSAA739-5 MSAA743-1 MSAA743-3 MSM269-1Y MSM270-BY Pike Purple Surprise MSQ341-BY MSR127-2 MSV383-B MSV407-2 MSX105-1 MSX172-7 MSX225-2 MSX469-2 MSX472-2 MSX501-5 MSX503-5 MSY027-2 MSY041-1 MSY044-1 MSY111-1 MSY468-16 MSY480-3RY MSY520-1 MSZ097-1 MSZ109-10PP MSZ144-04Y MSZ172-3 MSZ205-1 MSZ218-5 MSZ246-1 MSZ248-02 MSZ251-1 MSZ263-4 MSZ282-6 MSZ407-2Y MSZ413-6P MSZ416-8RY MSZ427-1R MSZ436-2SPL MSZ464-3 MSZ571-3R MSZ590-1 MSZ609-1P 2015 RATING 2015 N FEMALE MALE 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MSV383-B MSV434-4 W5015-12 W6609-3 Spartan Splash NYG86-1 MSQ070-1 MSQ070-1 84SD22 84SD22 Allegany McBride MSJ167-1 Pike MSQ070-1 Dakota Crisp McBride MSK061-4 MSQ070-1 MSQ070-1 MSQ176-5 MSQ176-5 MST096-2Y Dakota Diamond MSK061-4 MSQ086-3 NYL235-4 MN96013-1RY MSQ440-2 Boulder COMN07-W112BG1 M5 MSP270-1 MSQ070-1 MSR061-1 Snowden Snowden MSS070-B MSU088-1 MSV502-3 Montanosa Colonial Purple MSN230-1RY MSQ440-2 MSS576-05SPL MSQ070-1 NDTX4271-5R Superior 386056.17 Lamoka Lamoka Lamoka Lamoka MSU200-5PP MSS165-2Y McBride McBride USDA8380-1 W5337.3 Atlantic NY120 MSG227-2 MSN238-A MSP239-1 McBride Nicolet Nicolet MSP292-7 McBride MSL268-D Pike MSP368-1 MST096-2Y McBride MSL211-3 MSS544-1R MSN105-1 Lamoka MSU200-5PP McBride W6609-3 MSU383-A MSQ086-3 Dakota Diamond MSV229-2 Lamoka McBride Kalkaska Colonial Purple MSU200-5PP NDTX4271-5R NDTX4271-5R MSQ440-2 Alca Tarma Colonial Purple Picasso Colonial Purple Table 10 2015 SCAB DISEASE EARLY GENERATION TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER , MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS LINE Sorted by ascending 2015 Rating; MSZ622-1 MSZ709-01Y MSZ744-1 McBride MSAA003-6 MSAA011-1 MSAA012-01 MSAA034-2 MSAA036-03 MSAA036-07 MSAA036-09 MSAA055-01 MSAA056-5 MSAA061-7 MSAA072-5 MSAA076-04 MSAA079-5 MSAA083-4Y MSAA091-1 MSAA127-1 MSAA127-7 MSAA131-2 MSAA139-1 MSAA144-4 MSAA168-1 MSAA168-3 MSAA169-3 MSAA173-2 MSAA176-3 MSAA177-3 MSAA182-3R MSAA185-1Y MSAA196-1 MSAA233-2 MSAA237-1 MSAA244-1 MSAA255-03 MSAA257-1 MSAA260-2 MSAA267-2 MSAA275-5 MSAA283-2 MSAA309-15 MSAA311-1 MSAA315-1 MSAA328-11 MSAA328-04 MSAA328-09 MSAA335-7 MSAA335-9 2015 RATING 2015 N FEMALE MALE 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Satina MSM269-HORG MSM185-1 Penta Atlantic Beacon Chipper Beacon Chipper MSL007-B Manistee Manistee Manistee MSP239-1 MSP270-1 Pike MSR127-2 MSR127-2 MSR169-8Y MSR169-8Y MSS165-2Y Purple Heart Purple Heart MSQ341-BY MSR214-2P MSR606-2 MSU016-2 MSU016-2 MSU016-2 MSU161-1 MSU161-1 MSU161-1 MSU200-5PP MSV205-4 MSW151-5 Lamoka Lelah Missaukee MSQ035-3 MSQ070-1 MSQ086-3 MSQ279-1 Snowden Tundra Atlantic Elkton Beacon Chipper Boulder Boulder Boulder CO00188-4W CO00188-4W MSL211-3 84SD22 MSP091-1 OP MSS165-2Y MSR159-2 MSR169-8Y MSR127-2 MSR127-2 MSR127-2 MSR127-2 MSV383-B McBride MSS297-3 Lamoka MSS297-3 Lamoka MSS165-2Y Lamoka MSV200-5PP MSV200-5PP MSQ176-5 Purple Heart MSQ086-3 MSL211-3 MSL211-3 MSQ086-2 MSQ086-3 MSU016-2 MSW126-1 MSS544-1R MSL211-3 MSQ440-2 Pike MSR169-8Y Lamoka Lamoka MSR127-2 Atlantic Lamoka MSS297-3 MSR127-2 Lamoka Atlantic McBride MSR169-8Y MSR169-8Y MSR169-8Y Elkton Elkton Table 10 2015 SCAB DISEASE EARLY GENERATION TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER , MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS LINE Sorted by ascending 2015 Rating; MSAA372-3 MSAA373-3 MSAA468-4 MSAA470-6 MSAA474-8 MSAA498-01 MSAA498-11 MSAA503-2 MSAA689-2 MSAA741-3 MSAA745-1 ARS102400-2CPB MSL517-6 MSS543-2 MST154-3 MSW111-1 MSW485-2 MSX035-WP MSX042-3 MSX142-2 MSX221-2 MSX255-1 MSX506-3 MSY022-2 MSY042-1 MSY089-2 MSY156-2 MSY434-1Y MSY452-1 MSY483-3 MSY517-8YSPL MSY728-1 MSY733-1 MSZ004-1 MSZ063-02 MSZ063-07Y MSZ069-11 MSZ092-2 MSZ109-08PP MSZ119-1 MSZ144-10Y MSZ189-3 MSZ200-3 MSZ200-6 MSZ215-2 MSZ268-1 MSZ269-17 MSZ269-18 MSZ296-1Y MSZ407-7 2015 RATING 2015 N FEMALE MALE 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 NY140 NY148 MSR297-A MSR297-A MSS297-3 MSV092-2 MSV092-2 MSV092-2 W6609-3 MSQ035-3 MSQ086-3 Atlantic Boulder MSJ033-10Y MSL505-3 MSQ070-1 Beacon Chipper Beacon Chipper Eva MSK061-4 MSM171-A MSQ176-5 MSS176-1 MSJ147-1 MSS176-1 MSK061-4 Reba MSQ176-5 MSL505-3 Spartan Splash 523-3-S7 MSL316-EY Atlantic MSR148-4 MSR148-4 Snowden Elkton COMN07-W112BG1 Kalkaska M5 Pike MSQ070-1 MSQ070-1 MSR058-1 MSU278-1Y MSU278-1Y MSU278-1Y W6609-3 Montanosa Lamoka McBride MSQ086-3 W6609-3 MSR127-2 Elkton Elkton Lamoka McBride McBride Kalkaska 8380-1 chc, 4x MSK214-1R McBride MSR061-1 MSR156-7 ARS10091WP NY121 MSQ176-5 MSR036-5 ARS10342-4 MSR169-8Y MST096-2Y Nicolet B2731-2 Kalkaska MSQ440-2 MSL211-3 MSN105-1 Bison 84SD22 84SD22 MSL211-3 McBride McBride MSS297-3 MSQ086-3 MSU200-5PP M5 McBride MSS297-3 Lamoka Lamoka MSQ086-3 Pike MSR127-2 MSR127-2 MSR127-2 Colonial Purple Table 10 2015 SCAB DISEASE EARLY GENERATION TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER , MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS LINE Sorted by ascending 2015 Rating; MSZ428-1PP MSZ433-3P MSZ437-9RR MSZ443-1PP MSZ513-2 MSZ537-4 MSZ551-1 MSZ552-2P MSZ578-1Y MSZ598-2 MSZ615-2 MSZ620-3 MSZ708-6 MSZ709-03Y MSZ709-04 MSZ749-3 MSZ502-7PP Manistee MSAA014-1 MSAA018-2 MSAA057-2 MSAA058-1 MSAA073-4 MSAA077-1 MSAA079-7Y MSAA079-8Y MSAA085-1 MSAA157-3PYPSpl MSAA168-8 MSAA169-6 MSAA172-5 MSAA174-1 MSAA193-3 MSAA196-6 MSAA211-3 MSAA218-5 MSAA231-1 MSAA232-4 MSAA240-3 MSAA240-5 MSAA252-1 MSAA255-10 MSAA256-3 MSAA267-4 MSAA277-3 MSAA294-3 MSAA342-02 MSAA342-03 MSAA460-2Y MSAA472-1 2015 RATING 2015 N FEMALE MALE 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MSQ461-2PP MSS483-1 MSS576-05SPL MSU200-5PP MSL268-D MSL211-3 MSM182-1 MSM182-1 Nicola MSS576-05SPL Sieglinde Muziranzara MSL316-EY MSM269-HORG MSM269-HORG MSP102-5 Snowden Beacon Chipper MSJ147-1 MSP270-1 MSP270-1 MSR127-2 MSR169-8Y MSR169-8Y MSR169-8Y MSR169-8Y Spartan Splash MSU016-2 MSU016-2 MSU016-2 MSU161-1 MSW111-1 MSW151-5 Atlantic Beacon Chipper Lamoka Lamoka MSM246-B MSM246-B NY148 MSQ035-3 MSQ070-1 MSQ279-1 Snowden Accumulator MSJ042-3Y MSJ042-3Y MSR159-2 MSS165-2Y MSS544-1R MSU200-5PP MST406-2RR NDTX4271-5R MSL211-3 Chaposa MSL268-D Colonial Purple Santa Ana Superior MSL211-3 MSL211-3 84SD22 84SD22 84SD22 MSL505-3 H098-2 MSS297-3 Atlantic Lamoka MSS165-2Y MSM246-B AF4130-3 Lamoka Lamoka MSV383-B Purple Heart MSL211-3 MSQ086-2 MSV198-2Y MSQ440-2 MSS297-3 MSQ440-2 Kalkaska MSV313-1 Kalkaska Manistee MSQ086-3 MSQ086-3 MSQ089-1 Lamoka Lamoka Lamoka W6609-3 MSR127-2 MSR169-8Y MSR169-8Y MSS165-2Y MSV358-3 Table 10 2015 SCAB DISEASE EARLY GENERATION TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER , MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS LINE Sorted by ascending 2015 Rating; MSAA513-1 MSAA523-2 MSAA541-4 MSAA556-2 MSAA556-3Y MSAA556-4Y MSAA570-03 MSAA571-3Y MSAA725-3 MSAA739-1 MSAA742-6 Barbara Chloe Anwd MSL007-B LT-7 MSQ558-2RR MSR061-1 MSR186-3P MSS805-8 MSW128-2 MSW501-5 MSX009-2 MSX010-3 MSX018-2 MSX050-1 MSX137-6 MSX150-1 MSX156-1Y MSX293-1Y MSX324-2R MSX345-6Y MSX389-2 MSX495-2 MSX517-3SPL MSX540-4 MSX542-2 MSY008-3 MSY192-2PP MSY193-1 MSY209-1 MSY491-2Y MSY515-1 MSY544-5R MSY712-2Y 2015 RATING 2015 N FEMALE MALE 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MSV117-1 MSV127-1 MSV198-2Y MSV284-1 MSV284-1 MSV284-1 MSV313-1 MSV313-1 BNC182-5 NYG86-1 MSQ035-3 Lamoka Lamoka Pike McBride McBride McBride Lamoka MSR169-8Y MSS165-2Y MSS165-2Y MSR127-2 MSA105-1 MSG227-2 Rose Gold W1201 MN19525R Atlantic MSM171-A Boulder ARS10241-2 ARS10241-2 ARS10342-4 Beacon Chipper Eva MSH228-6 MSI005-20Y MSM288-2Y MSN105-1 MSN191-2Y Lamoka MSQ131-A Spartan Splash MSR061-1 MSR102-3 MSP515-2 MSQ405-1PP MSQ279-1 Pike MSL183-AY Reba Bison MSS703-5 POORPG2-16 NY121 MSK034-1 Mcr1-150 MSQ176-5 White Pearl Missaukee MSL211-3 Pike Nicolet MSL211-3 MSM246-B Boulder MSQ176-5 Colonial Purple McBride MSL268-D Kalkaska MSQ176-5 Lamoka Megachip Manistee MSQ461-2PP B2731-2 MSN170-A MSL211-3 Haig Ind 98 MSS544-1R 84SD22 Table 11 Line Sort: LINE A01010-1 (Targhee Russet) A01143-3C A02267-1Y A05182-7Y AF3362-1Rus (Caribou Russet) AF4648-2 AF4975-3 AF5320-1 Atlantic ATX91137-1Rus (Reveille Russet) AW07791-2Rus Barbara BNC182-5 CO02343-3W CO05037-3W/Y CO07102-1R CO07370-1W/Y CO5068-1Rus CW08071-2Rus Dakota Ruby Granola Lamoka Maris Bard Merlot MN10003PLWR-06R Molli MSR061-1 MSS164-1 MSS487-2 MSS576-5SPL MST075-1R MST386-1P MSU016-2 MSU161-1 MSU198-01SPL MSU202-1P MSU245-1 MSU316-3PY MSU379-1 MSU383-A MSV093-1 MSV111-1 MSV179-1 MSV235-2PY MSV282-4Y MSV284-1 MSV301-2 MSV393-1 MSV394-3 MSV396-4Y MSV397-2 MSV505-2 MSW042-1 MSW064-1 MSW078-1 MSW092-1 MSW100-1 MSW119-2 MSW121-5R MSW123-3 MSW125-3 N 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 6 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2015 MSU LATE BLIGHT VARIETY TRIAL CLARKSVILLE RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS RAUDPC1 Pedigrees go w/ RAUDPC Sort MEAN Female Stirling Malinche Monserrat Monserrat Muruta 386056.17 NY121 Male Missaukee Colonial Purple MSN105-1 MSP239-1 MSL211-3 Colonial Purple Malinche 84SD22 MSL211-3 MSV020-2 MSR217-1R NY121 MSP292-7 Santa Ana MSL211-3 NY121 Stirling Lamoka Montserrat MSL106-AY Missaukee MSM188-1 MSR102-3 MSM246-B OP Missaukee MSQ176-5 MSM288-2Y Michigan Purple MSN105-1 MSQ176-5 Chaposa Malinche MSK409-1 MSL268-D MSM182-1 MSQ070-1 Marcy MSR127-2 MSR061-1 Enfula Atlantic Colonial Purple MSM182-1 MSL268-D MSQ131-A MSL211-3 MSI152-A MSM182-1 NDTX4271-5R MSR061-1 MSR127-2 MSS576-05SPL MSQ440-2 CIP575045 MSN106-2 J138K6A22 Muruta MSL211-3 LBR9 Nicola MSQ131-A W1201 Spartan Splash MSQ176-5 Alca Tarma MSQ070-1 Missaukee NDU030-1 MSL268-D MSL211-3 Lamoka MSR061-1 BER83 HS66 MSR219-2R MSQ176-5 MSL211-3 MSL183-AY MSQ440-2 MSN105-1 MSQ086-3 MSR061-1 MSN105-1 Boulder MSL211-3 Montanosa MSN238-A MSR061-1 MSL211-3 MSM182-1 MSL211-3 MSQ176-5 MSR156-7 MSQ070-1 Lamoka MSS070-B MSR127-2 MSR061-1 MSL211-3 MSI005-20Y Atlantic MSL211-3 MSR217-1R NY121 MSL211-3 Muziranzara Megachip MSR102-3 MSL211-3 B1992-106 ND8331cb-3 MSL211-3 RAUDPC1 MEAN 19.3 19.0 17.0 11.5 20.7 10.2 23.4 23.2 25.9 20.6 12.0 17.4 23.1 22.9 26.7 26.5 12.7 14.1 18.4 22.3 14.8 21.4 21.5 14.3 23.9 18.0 3.6 0.2 0.0 7.0 24.0 18.4 5.6 6.5 15.8 22.4 10.3 19.8 20.5 20.3 16.9 15.2 23.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.3 20.0 17.3 9.4 19.9 16.9 1.6 9.2 0.7 0.2 3.1 13.0 1.7 18.6 20.6 RAUDPC Sort: LINE MSS487-2 MSV235-2PY MSV282-4Y MSV284-1 MSZ562-4 MSZ609-1P MSW242-5Y ND6961B-21PY MSX398-2 MSW092-1 MSS164-1 MSW464-3 MSX198-5 MSX293-1Y MSW229-5P MSZ610-3 MSW078-1 MSZ551-1 MSW324-01 MSZ219-46 MSZ454-1Y MSZ552-2P MSX497-6 MSW042-1 MSW121-5R MSZ219-14 MSZ436-2SPL MSZ702-1 QSMSU10-02 MSZ706-1 MSZ409-1R MSZ507-2 MSW100-1 MSZ578-1Y MSZ210-08 MSR061-1 MSX517-3SPL MSZ464-3 MSZ157-3 MSZ513-2 MSX540-4 MSZ705-3 MSX507-1R MSY491-2Y MSY520-1 MSZ218-5 MSU016-2 MSW151-05 MSW360-18 MSU161-1 MSY452-1 MSW485-2 MSZ251-1 MSZ219-44 MSS576-5SPL MSZ004-1 MSZ424-1R MSZ620-1 MSX542-2 MSZ091-3 MSZ570-1 N 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.7 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.6 6.1 6.1 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.8 7.0 7.0 7.2 7.6 7.9 7.9 8.3 8.5 2015 MSU LATE BLIGHT VARIETY TRIAL CLARKSVILLE RESEARCH CENTER, MI Line Sort: LINE MSW126-1 MSW134-1 MSW151-05 MSW163-03 MSW168-2 MSW182-1Y MSW229-5P MSW236-3 MSW237-4Y MSW242-5Y MSW259-5 MSW298-4Y MSW299-2 MSW324-01 MSW326-6 MSW353-3 MSW360-18 MSW394-1 MSW399-2 MSW437-9 MSW464-3 MSW485-2 MSW500-10 MSW502-4 MSW505-2 MSW509-5 MSW537-6 MSX001-4WP MSX009-2 MSX010-3 MSX011-4 MSX137-6 MSX196-1 MSX198-5 MSX221-2 MSX255-1 MSX293-1Y MSX324-1P MSX324-2R MSX398-2 MSX472-2 MSX495-2 MSX497-6 MSX503-5 MSX506-3 MSX507-1R MSX517-3SPL MSX526-1 MSX540-4 MSX542-2 MSY008-3 MSY022-2 MSY452-1 MSY491-2Y MSY520-1 MSZ004-1 MSZ057-5 MSZ091-3 MSZ100-3 MSZ154-1 MSZ157-3 MSZ194-2 MSZ200-3 MSZ210-08 RAUDPC1 MEAN 18.9 22.8 6.1 18.9 15.9 15.1 0.6 18.5 14.8 0.0 14.6 12.1 13.4 1.0 19.4 17.6 6.1 10.8 9.2 17.7 0.3 6.7 22.8 15.9 23.6 19.6 15.7 22.3 11.3 24.6 18.9 22.6 15.0 0.5 18.2 22.4 0.6 19.2 18.8 0.2 9.5 23.4 1.6 21.7 19.6 5.0 3.6 20.3 4.6 7.9 14.7 15.5 6.5 5.0 5.4 7.2 8.6 8.3 19.3 17.9 4.1 22.8 15.6 3.4 N 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 5 1 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 RAUDPC Sort: LINE MSZ057-5 MSW064-1 MSW399-2 MSZ219-01 MSZ547-3 MSV396-4Y MSX472-2 MSZ706-5 NY154 AF4648-2 MSU245-1 MSW394-1 MSZ616-1 MSZ453-1 MSX009-2 A05182-7Y AW07791-2Rus MSW298-4Y VC1009-1W/Y CO07370-1W/Y MSW119-2 MSZ219-29 MSZ433-3P MSW299-2 MSZ427-1R MSZ407-7 CO5068-1Rus Merlot MSZ708-6 MSW259-5 MSY008-3 MSZ452-1 Granola MSW237-4Y MSX196-1 MSW182-1Y MSV111-1 ND7882b-7Russ MSY022-2 MSZ200-3 MSW537-6 MSU198-01SPL MSW168-2 MSW502-4 MSV093-1 MSV505-2 A02267-1Y MSV394-3 Barbara MSW353-3 MSW437-9 MSZ154-1 Molli Snowden MSX221-2 CW08071-2Rus MST386-1P MSW236-3 MSW123-3 MSZ615-1 MSX324-2R MSW126-1 MSW163-03 MSX011-4 N 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 1 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 6 3 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 8.6 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.4 9.5 9.7 9.7 10.2 10.3 10.8 10.9 11.2 11.3 11.5 12.0 12.1 12.5 12.7 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.4 14.0 14.0 14.1 14.3 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.7 14.8 14.8 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.9 15.9 16.9 16.9 17.0 17.3 17.4 17.6 17.7 17.9 18.0 18.0 18.2 18.4 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 18.9 18.9 18.9 RAUDPC1 Pedigrees go w/ RAUDPC Sort MEAN Female MSQ070-1 MSK061-4 MSW2133-1 MSR061-1 MSL505-3 MSQ070-1 MSQ070-1 J138K6A22 Male ND8334Cb-3 MSR036-5 MSR036-5 MSR127-2 MSL211-3 McBride MSP292-7 MSV020-2 NY132 W2133-1 Nicola McBride ARS10241-2 MSP542-4 MSJ319-1 MSL211-3 Alca Tarma Missaukee MSP102-5 MSL505-3 MSM171-A MSR061-1 MSS483-1 MSP516-A MSQ440-2 Montanosa MSL316-EY MSN073-2 MSP515-2 Atlantic Montserrat Missaukee MSI005-20Y MSJ316-A MSR036-5 MSR127-2 MSU200-5PP MSR061-1 NDTX4271-5R Colonial Purple 84SD22 MSR159-2 Manistee Chaposa MSN191-2Y Manistee POR02PG7-5 MSN105-1 MST096-2Y MSS176-1 Lamoka MSQ070-1 MSP516-A MSM070-1 MSN111-4PP MSN105-1 Beacon Chipper MSR159-2 CO95051-7W Kalkaska McBride W2310-3 MSP408-14Y Missaukee MSQ070-1 MSH228-6 MSR036-5 Boulder NDU022-1 Lenape MSK061-4 Marcy MSR036-5 MSQ086-3 Wischip MSR036-5 Michigan Purple Liberator Montanosa MSM171-A 386056.17 MSN105-1 MSM171-A Atlantic ARS10241-2 MSR036-5 Dakota Diamond MSL211-3 Colonial Purple MSL268-D MSR036-5 MSN105-1 2015 MSU LATE BLIGHT VARIETY TRIAL CLARKSVILLE RESEARCH CENTER, MI Line Sort: LINE MSZ218-5 MSZ219-01 MSZ219-11 MSZ219-14 MSZ219-29 MSZ219-44 MSZ219-46 MSZ251-1 MSZ300-1 MSZ407-2Y MSZ407-7 MSZ409-1R MSZ424-1R MSZ427-1R MSZ433-3P MSZ436-2SPL MSZ452-1 MSZ453-1 MSZ454-1Y MSZ464-3 MSZ507-2 MSZ513-2 MSZ547-3 MSZ551-1 MSZ552-2P MSZ562-4 MSZ570-1 MSZ578-1Y MSZ609-1P MSZ610-3 MSZ615-1 MSZ616-1 MSZ620-1 MSZ702-1 MSZ705-3 MSZ706-1 MSZ706-5 MSZ708-6 MSZUNK-7 ND6961B-21PY ND7818-1Y ND7882b-7Russ ND8068-5Rus NY154 NY157 NYK28-18 Oneida Gold Pike Purple Surprise 3 QSMSU08-4 QSMSU10-02 QSMSU10-15 Reba Red Norland Russet Norkotah Silverton Russet Snowden Soraya VC1009-1W/Y W10209-2R W5955-1 W9433-1Rus W9519-3Rus W9576-11Y N 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 6 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 6 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 RAUDPC1 MEAN 5.6 9.2 19.2 1.8 13.1 7.0 1.1 6.8 20.3 20.9 14.0 2.3 7.6 14.0 13.2 1.8 14.7 11.2 1.4 3.7 2.4 4.3 9.2 1.0 1.5 0.0 8.5 3.3 0.0 0.6 18.7 10.9 7.9 1.8 4.7 2.0 9.7 14.5 21.3 0.0 21.9 15.4 25.5 9.7 23.5 23.8 19.2 22.5 24.4 22.8 1.9 21.0 21.4 25.5 21.9 22.9 18.0 21.7 12.5 21.6 20.3 19.3 22.4 23.4 RAUDPC Sort: LINE W9577-6Y A01143-3C MSZ219-11 MSX324-1P W9742-3Rus Oneida Gold W9433-1Rus MSZ100-3 A01010-1 (Targhee Russett) MSW326-6 MSW509-5 MSX506-3 MSU316-3PY MSV397-2 MSV393-1 MSU383-A MSZ300-1 W5955-1 MSX526-1 MSU379-1 ATX91137-1Rus (Reveille Russet) MSW125-3 AF3362-1Rus (Caribou Russet) MSZ407-2Y QSMSU10-15 MSZUNK-7 Lamoka Reba Maris Bard W10209-2R MSX503-5 Soraya ND7818-1Y Russet Norkotah MSX001-4WP Dakota Ruby MSU202-1P W9519-3Rus MSX255-1 Pike W9576-13Y MSX137-6 MSW134-1 MSW500-10 MSZ194-2 QSMSU08-4 CO02343-3W Silverton Russet BNC182-5 AF5320-1 MSV179-1 MSX495-2 W9576-11Y AF4975-3 NY157 MSW505-2 NYK28-18 MN10003PLWR-06R MST075-1R MSV301-2 Purple Surprise 3 MSX010-3 ND8068-5Rus Red Norland N 2 3 3 5 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 6 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 MEAN 18.9 19.0 19.2 19.2 19.2 19.2 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.4 19.6 19.6 19.8 19.9 20.0 20.3 20.3 20.3 20.3 20.5 20.6 20.6 20.7 20.9 21.0 21.3 21.4 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.7 21.7 21.9 21.9 22.3 22.3 22.4 22.4 22.4 22.5 22.5 22.6 22.8 22.8 22.8 22.8 22.9 22.9 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.4 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.8 23.9 24.0 24.3 24.4 24.6 25.5 25.5 RAUDPC1 Pedigrees go w/ RAUDPC Sort Female Male MSR061-1 MSN105-1 MSR127-2 Colonial Purple Boulder MSV477-5 MSQ070-1 Kalkaska MSQ176-5 Liberator MSQ070-1 MSQ070-1 MSP292-7 W6822-3 MSR036-5 MSP238-1 MSN190-2 Marcy MSR169-8Y MSL766-1 MSJ147-1 MSG227-2 MSG227-2 MSU205-4 Lamoka Missaukee MSM171-A MSL211-3 Montanosa MSN106-2 Colonial Purple MSL211-3 MSQ176-5 MSL268-D ARS10091WP MSL211-3 Colonial Purple MSL211-3 M171-A Allegany Eva Marcy Boulder MSQ035-3 MSM037-3 ARS10342-4 Atlantic MSL211-3 Dakota Diamond MSP516-A MSU383-A MSL211-3 LBR8 MSQ131-A MSL211-3 Kalkaska MSI005-20Y MSL766-1 Dakota Jewel MSN105-1 MSL211-3 MSP197-1 ARS10241-2 MSL211-3 2015 MSU LATE BLIGHT VARIETY TRIAL CLARKSVILLE RESEARCH CENTER, MI Line Sort: RAUDPC Sort: RAUDPC1 LINE W9576-13Y W9577-6Y W9742-3Rus HSD0.05 1Ratings indicate the average plot RAUDPC (Relative Area Under the Disease Progress Curve). LB Isolate used: US-23 LINE Atlantic CO07102-1R CO05037-3W/Y MEAN 22.5 18.9 19.2 10.8 N 3 2 2 N 4 3 2 MEAN 25.9 26.5 26.7 10.8 RAUDPC1 Pedigrees go w/ RAUDPC Sort Female Waueson Male Lenape Table 12 Line Sort: LINE Atlantic Atlantic Barbara Chloe Anwd LT-7 MSAA011-1 MSAA110-1 MSAA143-1 MSAA144-2 MSAA144-4 MSAA169-3 MSAA170-3Y MSAA172-5 MSAA173-3 MSAA194-2 MSAA195-3 MSAA196-1 MSAA196-6 MSAA460-2Y MSAA468-4 MSAA513-1 MSAA556-2 MSAA556-3Y MSAA556-4Y MSV407-2 MSW128-2 MSX196-1 MSX221-2 MSX255-1 MSX293-1Y MSX324-1P MSX324-2R MSX495-2 MSX496-2 MSY022-2 MSY041-1 MSY089-2 MSY452-1 MSY491-2Y MSY507-2 MSY515-1 MSY520-1 MSZ001-1 MSZ004-1 MSZ057-5 MSZ091-3 MSZ092-2 2015 LATE BLIGHT EARLY GENERATION TRIAL CLARKSVILLE RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS RAUDPC1 MEAN N RAUDPC Sort: LINE N RAUDPC1 Pedigrees go w/ RAUDPC Sort MEAN Female Male 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 25.4 27.6 13.6 0.0 13.5 20.4 18.8 18.8 11.4 13.2 15.8 6.1 0.0 3.1 25.2 8.3 0.0 5.7 24.1 26.0 16.2 17.1 2.7 20.3 19.5 7.7 14.3 18.9 22.2 1.7 18.2 18.0 6.1 5.6 18.7 30.0 18.6 12.8 11.7 4.9 1.7 11.8 17.6 7.0 4.1 8.3 33.5 MSAA172-5 MSAA196-1 Chloe Anwd VSB2186F-302-8 MSZ414-1RY MSZ436-2SPL MSZ551-1 MSZ562-4 MSZ609-1P MSZ537-4 MSZ210-08 MSZ454-1Y MSZ513-2 MSZ552-2P NY121 MSX293-1Y MSY515-1 MSZ620-3 MSZ702-01 MSZ578-1Y MSZ215-2 MSZ464-3 MSAA556-3Y MSZ610-3 MSAA173-3 MSZ409-1R MSZ263-4 MSZ705-3 MSZ057-5 MSZ510-4 MSY507-2 MSX496-2 MSAA196-6 MSAA170-3Y MSX495-2 MSZ706-1 VSB16LBR8 MSZ547-3 MSZ004-1 MSZ706-5 Olalla MSW128-2 MSZ091-3 MSAA195-3 MSZ218-5 MSZ159-3 MSZ616-1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.1 4.6 4.9 5.6 5.7 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.4 7.7 8.3 8.3 8.6 9.1 9.9 MSU016-2 MSW151-5 MSV198-2Y MSQ440-2 MSN230-1RY MSS576-05SPL MSM182-1 Muruta 386056.17 MSL211-3 MSQ131-A Atlantic MSL268-D MSM182-1 Colonial Purple MSQ440-2 MSL268-D MSL211-3 Colonial Purple Chaposa MSL211-3 Enfula MSL211-3 Colonial Purple MSM288-2Y Reba Muziranzara CIP575045 Nicola MSR058-1 MSQ070-1 MSV284-1 Chaposa MSU161-1 Muruta MSU088-1 HS66 MSQ070-1 MSL211-3 Superior MSQ131-A MSW151-5 MSU016-2 MSQ131-A J138K6A22 MSL505-3 Atlantic J138K6A22 MSM171-A Elkton MSW151-5 MSR061-1 NDU030-1 Nicola MSQ176-5 Haig Ind 98 MSL211-3 84SD22 Santa Ana MSQ086-3 Alca Tarma McBride MSQ176-5 MSQ086-3 MSR217-1R McBride BER83 ND8334Cb-3 MSQ440-2 MSL211-3 MSL211-3 MSQ440-2 MSR157-1Y Kalkaska MSV020-2 MSL211-3 MSL211-3 MSV020-2 MSQ176-5 MSL211-3 MSQ176-5 MSQ086-3 MSV477-5 MSL211-3 2015 LATE BLIGHT EARLY GENERATION TRIAL CLARKSVILLE RESEARCH CENTER, MI RAUDPC1 Pedigrees go w/ RAUDPC Sort Line Sort: LINE MSZ100-3 MSZ154-1 MSZ159-3 MSZ200-6 MSZ210-08 MSZ215-2 MSZ218-5 MSZ251-1 MSZ263-4 MSZ268-1 MSZ269-17 MSZ300-1 MSZ405-1PP MSZ407-2Y MSZ407-7 MSZ409-1R MSZ414-1RY MSZ416-8RY MSZ424-1 MSZ427-1R MSZ427-6R MSZ433-3P MSZ436-2SPL MSZ452-1 MSZ454-1Y MSZ464-3 MSZ507-2 MSZ510-4 MSZ513-2 MSZ537-4 MSZ547-3 MSZ551-1 MSZ552-2P MSZ562-4 MSZ570-1 MSZ578-1Y MSZ609-1P MSZ610-3 MSZ613-1 MSZ615-2 MSZ616-1 MSZ620-3 MSZ622-1 MSZ702-01 MSZ705-3 MSZ706-1 MSZ706-5 MSZ708-6 MSZ738-2 NY121 RAUDPC1 MEAN 17.3 17.1 9.1 14.3 0.7 2.4 8.6 10.4 3.6 15.2 24.3 17.3 17.4 19.5 14.3 3.3 0.0 19.9 11.2 15.2 25.9 10.4 0.0 14.1 0.8 2.7 12.4 4.6 1.3 0.5 6.8 0.0 1.4 0.0 14.5 2.2 0.0 2.9 16.5 20.9 9.9 1.7 20.1 1.7 3.9 6.3 7.1 15.4 25.7 1.7 N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 RAUDPC Sort: LINE MSZ251-1 MSZ433-3P MSZ424-1 MSAA144-2 MSY491-2Y MSY520-1 MSZ507-2 MSY452-1 MSAA144-4 LT-7 Barbara MSZ452-1 MSZ200-6 MSX196-1 MSZ407-7 MSZ570-1 MSZ427-1R MSZ268-1 MSZ708-6 MSAA169-3 MSAA513-1 MSZ613-1 MSZ154-1 MSAA556-2 MSZ300-1 MSZ100-3 MSZ405-1PP MSZ001-1 MSX324-2R MSX324-1P MSY089-2 MSY022-2 MSAA143-1 MSAA110-1 MSX221-2 MSV407-2 MSZ407-2Y MSZ416-8RY MSZ622-1 MSAA556-4Y MSAA011-1 MSZ615-2 MSX255-1 MSAA460-2Y MSZ269-17 MSAA194-2 Atlantic MSZ738-2 MSZ427-6R MSAA468-4 N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Female MSS070-B MSS483-1 NY121 MSR606-2 MSL183-AY MSQ440-2 MSL211-3 MSQ176-5 MSR606-2 MEAN 10.4 10.4 11.2 11.4 11.7 11.8 12.4 12.8 13.2 13.5 13.6 14.1 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.5 15.2 15.2 15.4 15.8 16.2 16.5 17.1 17.1 17.3 17.3 17.4 17.6 18.0 18.2 18.6 18.7 18.8 18.8 18.9 19.5 19.5 19.9 20.1 20.3 20.4 20.9 22.2 24.1 24.3 25.2 25.4 Wauseon 25.7 25.9 26.0 Atlantic MSQ070-1 Missaukee Montanosa ND8331cb-3 MSQ440-2 MSU278-1Y MSL316-EY MSU016-2 MSV117-1 386056.17 NDU022-1 MSV284-1 W6822-3 Boulder MSM182-1 1989-86061 MSN105-1 MSN105-1 MSS176-1 MSS176-1 MSR606-2 Colonial Purple MSK061-4 MSQ070-1 Montanosa MSN230-1RY Satina MSV284-1 Beacon Chipper Sieglinde MSM171-A MSR159-2 MSU278-1Y MSW151-5 MSL316-EY MSQ440-2 MSR297-A Male Lamoka MSU200-5PP MSR217-1R MSQ086-3 MSL211-3 MSN105-1 NY121 MSL211-3 MSQ086-3 Chaposa Lamoka Manistee Colonial Purple MSL211-3 NDTX4271-5R Pike 84SD22 MSQ086-2 Lamoka MSL211-3 MSQ086-3 McBride MSU205-4 MSV477-5 MSU200-5PP Manistee Colonial Purple Colonial Purple B2731-2 MST096-2Y MSL211-3 MSR217-1R MSR036-5 MSP239-1 Colonial Purple NDTX4271-5R MSL211-3 McBride MSR159-2 MSL211-3 ARS10342-4 MSS165-2Y MSR127-2 MSL211-3 Lenape MSP091-1 NDTX4271-5R MSQ086-3 2015 LATE BLIGHT EARLY GENERATION TRIAL CLARKSVILLE RESEARCH CENTER, MI Line Sort: LINE Olalla VSB16LBR8 VSB2186F-302-8 N 1 1 1 RAUDPC1 MEAN 7.4 6.5 0.0 RAUDPC Sort: LINE Atlantic MSY041-1 MSZ092-2 N 1 1 1 RAUDPC1 Pedigrees go w/ RAUDPC Sort Female MEAN 27.6 Wauseon 30.0 33.5 Male Lenape Dakota Diamond MSP368-1 Elkton MSQ086-3 1 Ratings indicate the average plot RAUDPC (Relative Area Under the Disease Progress Curve). LB Isolate used: US-23 Table 13 2015 BLACKSPOT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST SIMULATED BRUISE SAMPLES* ENTRY SP GR NUMBER OF SPOTS PER TUBER 0 4 1 2 3 5+ MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS PERCENT (%) BRUISE FREE AVERAGE SPOTS/TUBER ADAPTATION TRIAL, CHIP-PROCESSING LINES 22 W5955-1 20 AF5320-1 AF4975-3 18 17 MSV380-1 11 Lamoka 14 MSV358-3 15 NY157 MSV394-3 13 12 AF4648-2 10 MSV383-B 12 MSW509-5 FL1879 9 11 MSX398-2 9 MSV393-1 10 A01143-3C 6 MSV033-01 CO02343-3W 8 5 NYK28-18 6 MSW505-2 5 MSV507-056 8 NY154 MSW394-1 2 3 MSV030-4 4 Snowden 6 MSR127-2 4 MSW474-01 MSR061-1 4 1 Atlantic 2 MSV313-2 MSX540-4 0 1.084 1.081 1.083 1.084 1.084 1.081 1.084 1.083 1.086 1.095 1.082 1.081 1.078 1.082 1.080 1.077 1.076 1.096 1.086 1.091 1.087 1.077 1.089 1.087 1.084 1.085 1.085 1.092 1.082 1.088 RUSSET TRIAL MSY573-3Rus A01010-1 (Targhee Russet) Russet Norkotah Silverton Russet ATX91137-1Rus (Reveille) AF3362-1Rus (Caribou) W9433-1Rus AW07791-2Rus ND8068-5Rus MSW496-1Rus CO5068-1Rus CW08071-2Rus NCR ND7834-2P ND7818-1Y MN10003PLWR-06R Russet Norkotah MSW343-2R AFW5472-1rus Red LaSoda Red Norland W10114-3R 1.065 1.076 1.070 1.070 1.069 1.075 1.077 1.087 1.077 1.068 1.087 1.078 1.076 1.069 1.065 1.072 1.059 1.068 1.065 1.062 1.058 19 19 17 17 16 14 14 7 4 7 4 3 25 13 23 23 23 22 23 22 20 2 4 7 5 13 7 7 9 9 12 7 12 10 12 8 14 10 12 10 10 6 13 5 7 7 6 4 9 5 5 6 5 8 7 8 8 7 11 15 9 6 7 0 1 2 2 0 3 1 3 3 1 1 0 2 1 4 2 2 2 2 6 4 1 2 6 3 5 7 6 7 6 6 6 9 6 6 7 5 8 6 0 1 0 1 1 2 3 6 4 7 9 10 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 4 3 3 2 5 7 6 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 88 80 72 68 44 56 60 52 48 40 48 36 44 36 40 25 32 20 25 20 32 8 18 17 24 16 16 4 8 0 76 76 68 68 64 56 56 28 16 28 16 12 100 93 92 92 96 88 92 88 87 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.8 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Table 13 ENTRY Dark Red Norland W9432-4R MSV235-2PY ND6961B-21PY W10043-1rus MSS576-5SPL MSV093-1 W10209-2R Yukon Gold MSX324-1P ND7982-1R AFW5465-2rus ND7882b-7Russ MST386-1P ND113300-3RSY W10074-8rus MSX540-4 2015 BLACKSPOT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST SIMULATED BRUISE SAMPLES* MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS NUMBER OF SPOTS PER TUBER 0 21 21 19 20 19 17 17 14 15 11 14 12 11 7 7 5 4 1 4 4 6 3 5 8 7 7 7 12 7 4 8 11 9 10 6 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 2 2 3 6 5 6 5 3 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 4 5 5 PERCENT (%) BRUISE FREE 84 84 76 80 76 68 68 64 63 44 56 52 44 28 28 20 16 AVERAGE SPOTS/TUBER 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 5+ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SP GR 1.063 1.051 1.077 1.081 1.078 1.071 1.076 1.070 1.078 1.083 1.073 1.067 1.076 1.085 1.075 1.090 1.090 ADAPTATION TRIAL, TABLESTOCK LINES 1.056 MSW239-03SPL 1.080 MSX526-1 1.073 MSV093-1 1.080 McBride MSV179-1 1.060 1.063 Red Norland 1.070 MSS576-5SPL 1.072 MSW299-2 1.069 MST252-1Y Spartan Splash 1.072 1.079 Oneida Gold 1.068 Molli 1.070 Superior 1.073 MSV434-1Y MSW151-05 1.067 1.079 MSW259-5 1.081 MSW075-1 1.074 Reba MSX324-1P 1.079 1.075 MSV235-2PY MSW134-1 1.072 21 20 16 16 14 15 14 17 10 12 10 7 10 8 7 8 6 3 5 0 1 PRELIMINARY TRIAL, CHIP-PROCESSING LINES MSW485-2 18 18 MSX198-5 18 MSS164-1 17 MSW248-02 18 MSZ194-2 MSX196-1 16 15 MSX156-2 16 MSW464-3 15 MSZ219-01 11 MSX345-6Y MSV092-2 11 11 MSZ452-1 12 MSW502-3 11 MSX420-4Y MSX495-2 13 1.089 1.079 1.088 1.087 1.087 1.072 1.071 1.082 1.074 1.088 1.086 1.095 1.079 1.087 1.084 4 5 9 8 10 8 9 3 14 8 12 13 8 11 10 10 8 11 7 4 5 4 7 5 7 5 7 8 5 7 12 10 11 8 10 6 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 3 0 5 1 5 4 4 7 3 8 8 7 13 5 1 0 2 1 1 2 2 4 2 2 3 3 5 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 84 80 64 64 56 60 56 68 40 48 40 28 40 32 28 33 24 12 20 0 4 78 72 72 68 72 64 60 64 60 44 46 44 48 44 52 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 Table 13 ENTRY QSMSU10-15 MSX472-1 MSZ222-19 MSZ119-1 MSZ025-5 Pike MSX410-12Y MSY008-3 MSZ407-2Y MSV284-1 MSV307-2 D. Diamond MSW326-6 MSY022-2 Atlantic MSX542-2 MSU383-A MSZ300-1 MST186-1Y MSW324-01 MSV335-1 MSW064-1 MSZ507-2 MSX129-1 MSZ159-3 MSZ280-7 MSV246-1 Beacon Chipper MSU379-1 MSX245-2Y MSW044-1 Snowden MSX225-2 MSW168-2 MSX417-1 MSV507-143 MSW399-2 MSW537-6 MSX221-2 MSV507-129 2015 BLACKSPOT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST SIMULATED BRUISE SAMPLES* MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS NUMBER OF SPOTS PER TUBER 0 11 12 9 11 12 10 8 8 8 10 7 9 7 11 9 7 12 10 6 7 7 9 7 4 6 8 6 5 5 3 2 5 2 4 0 3 1 0 1 0 2 5 5 2 4 4 4 3 6 4 7 5 4 4 2 4 2 4 5 8 9 5 7 6 6 9 6 9 7 4 6 10 8 12 5 10 8 10 6 6 0 1 9 6 12 9 8 10 13 11 12 7 12 10 12 8 8 11 5 7 10 8 10 6 9 13 8 7 7 10 0 13 11 8 8 10 9 5 4 5 4 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 3 1 2 3 2 6 3 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 3 1 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 3 7 7 7 7 5 PERCENT (%) BRUISE FREE 44 50 38 44 48 40 32 32 32 40 28 36 28 44 39 30 48 40 24 28 28 36 28 16 24 32 25 20 42 12 8 20 8 16 0 12 4 0 4 0 AVERAGE SPOTS/TUBER 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.8 2.8 4.2 5+ 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 4 5 13 SP GR 1.092 1.089 1.091 1.081 1.091 1.089 1.086 1.079 1.074 1.078 1.085 1.084 1.093 1.077 1.089 1.085 1.074 1.085 1.083 1.090 1.077 1.082 1.083 1.085 1.081 1.078 1.088 1.078 1.081 1.086 1.092 1.084 1.085 1.089 1.086 1.088 1.087 1.095 1.080 1.093 PRELIMINARY TRIAL, TABLESTOCK LINES MSV111-1 MSY520-1 MSW500-10 MSW125-3 W9576-13Y W9577-6Y MSW353-3 Soraya W9576-11Y MSX497-6 Granola MSW437-9 MSW068-4 MSV301-2 MSW556-1 1.073 1.068 1.072 1.059 1.072 1.075 1.076 1.062 1.058 1.069 1.067 1.070 1.074 1.080 1.073 24 22 22 20 20 20 18 19 19 16 16 16 15 17 16 0 3 2 4 4 4 7 5 5 8 9 9 9 6 8 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 88 88 80 80 80 72 76 76 67 64 64 63 68 64 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Table 13 ENTRY MSW569-2 MSW270-1 CO05037-3W/Y QSMSU08-4 MSW123-3 VC1009-1W/Y MSV502-5 MSW500-04 A02267-1Y MST148-3 MSV292-1Y MSX255-1 MSY491-2Y CO07370-1W/Y MSW119-2 MSW236-3 MST191-2Y MST441-1 MSW042-1 MSW298-4Y MSX156-1Y MSY042-1 MSY452-1 MSX506-3 QSMSU10-02 MSX293-1Y MSY111-1 MSV089-2 CalWhite MST145-2 MSW126-1 MSV397-2 MSX172-7 Reba Barbara MSX137-6 MSU161-1 MSU245-1 MSX503-5 MSV016-2 MSX010-3 Superior MSU016-2 A05182-7Y MSX011-4 MST229-1 MSV282-4Y MSV127-1 MSX009-2 MSW242-5Y MST094-1 MSW237-4Y 2015 BLACKSPOT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST SIMULATED BRUISE SAMPLES* MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS SP GR 1.077 1.074 1.073 1.082 1.062 1.072 1.076 1.074 1.060 1.077 1.065 1.089 1.072 1.062 1.075 1.078 1.085 1.079 1.077 1.076 1.068 1.079 1.062 1.075 1.074 1.079 1.076 1.077 1.071 1.074 1.078 1.076 1.084 1.078 1.076 1.073 1.075 1.090 1.075 1.090 1.078 1.072 1.090 1.076 1.090 1.081 1.083 1.088 1.083 1.077 1.080 1.082 NUMBER OF SPOTS PER TUBER 0 16 14 14 15 16 13 14 14 15 14 14 14 14 14 13 12 12 12 14 12 16 12 10 12 12 10 8 8 9 9 3 7 8 7 4 6 7 6 7 9 7 8 8 8 2 5 2 5 3 3 1 0 1 8 7 10 6 5 9 10 8 7 9 9 9 7 8 10 12 10 11 7 11 6 11 14 9 9 5 14 13 11 11 5 11 9 11 15 11 10 12 10 7 10 8 7 6 10 6 10 8 8 6 8 6 2 1 1 0 2 3 1 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 2 2 4 2 0 1 1 4 3 4 2 3 3 4 3 6 7 6 6 8 6 5 6 6 5 7 5 4 12 9 10 7 9 7 7 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 3 1 3 6 1 3 3 2 4 4 8 9 5+ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 2 PERCENT (%) BRUISE FREE 64 64 58 65 67 57 56 58 60 56 56 56 58 56 52 48 50 48 56 48 64 48 40 48 48 50 32 32 36 36 27 28 32 28 16 24 28 24 28 36 28 32 33 33 8 21 8 20 12 14 4 0 AVERAGE SPOTS/TUBER 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.5 USPB/SFA TRIAL CHECK SAMPLES (Not bruised) AF4648-2 CO03243-3W Lamoka 1.079 1.070 1.077 20 22 21 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 92 88 0.0 0.1 0.1 Table 13 ENTRY A00188-3C AC01151-5W AC03433-1W Atlantic Snowden W6822-3 NY152 USPB/SFA TRIAL BRUISE SAMPLES A00188-3C AF4648-2 AC03433-1W AC01151-5W CO03243-3W Lamoka Atlantic NY152 Snowden W6822-3 MSZ selections 2 x 20 MSZ169-01 MSZ045-09 MSZ052-11 MSZ242-14 MSZ062-10 MSZ118-02 MSZ118-20 MSZ118-08 MSZ062-46 MSZ242-03 MSZ022-19 MSZ062-42 MSZ020-08 MSZ062-31 MSZ062-18 MSZ120-04 MSZ020-04 MSZ219-46 MSZ020-10 MSZ026-08 MSZ062-06 MSZ022-14 MSZ022-07 MSZ052-31 MSZ052-40 MSZ222-15 MSZ101-06 MSZ242-09 MSZ242-07 MSZ242-13 MSZ242-15 MSZ101-07 MSZ103-02 MSZ219-29 MSZ219-14 MSZ022-16 2015 BLACKSPOT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST SIMULATED BRUISE SAMPLES* MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS NUMBER OF SPOTS PER TUBER 0 21 20 20 20 19 19 14 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 4 4 3 5 6 9 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PERCENT (%) BRUISE FREE 88 83 83 83 79 76 58 AVERAGE SPOTS/TUBER 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 5+ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 19 18 16 14 10 10 10 9 1 22 21 20 18 15 17 8 18 15 13 15 16 15 13 7 6 12 13 13 12 13 10 10 11 12 10 13 10 5 10 9 8 10 4 7 5 4 5 6 7 10 9 10 9 9 5 3 4 3 6 8 7 5 5 8 10 8 6 7 9 5 6 9 7 7 7 7 11 12 8 8 10 5 10 5 8 8 8 6 5 9 8 0 0 0 1 0 3 3 3 6 9 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 2 2 1 0 1 4 5 4 6 3 2 1 6 3 5 5 4 2 5 8 7 4 1 5 11 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 1 1 2 0 2 4 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 83 79 75 67 58 43 42 42 36 4 88 84 80 72 65 68 62 72 60 54 60 64 60 54 54 46 48 52 52 48 52 42 40 44 48 40 52 40 38 40 36 32 40 31 28 20 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 2.6 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 SP GR 1.079 1.072 1.068 1.081 1.079 1.079 1.074 1.079 1.079 1.068 1.072 1.07 1.077 1.081 1.074 1.079 1.079 1.077 1.074 1.082 1.083 1.092 1.089 1.081 1.088 1.081 1.094 1.086 1.084 1.082 1.073 1.077 1.089 1.090 1.087 1.087 1.083 1.082 1.079 1.083 1.083 1.092 1.078 1.081 1.093 1.101 1.100 1.093 1.086 1.087 1.079 1.089 1.089 Table 13 ENTRY MSZ242-12 MSZ052-14 MSZ096-02 MSZ096-03 Snowden MSZ052-13 Atlantic MSZ062-50 MSZ118-19 2015 BLACKSPOT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST SIMULATED BRUISE SAMPLES* MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS NUMBER OF SPOTS PER TUBER 0 6 3 5 2 5 3 2 5 1 1 7 10 10 9 7 8 8 6 7 2 8 6 3 11 5 8 9 6 7 4 0 0 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 4 6 3 2 6 4 4 5 7 PERCENT (%) BRUISE FREE 24 12 20 8 20 12 8 20 4 AVERAGE SPOTS/TUBER 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.2 5+ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 SP GR 1.092 1.085 1.088 1.081 1.090 1.089 1.095 1.089 1.093 * Twenty to twenty-five A-size tuber samples were collected at harvest, held at 50 F at least 12 hours, and placed in a six-sided plywood drum and rotated ten times to produce simulated bruising. Samples were abrasive-peeled and scored 10/28-29/2015. The table is presented in ascending order of average number of spots per tuber. Funding: Federal Grant, MPIC and USPB/SFA 2015 On-Farm Potato Variety Trials Chris Long, Aaron Yoder, Dr. Dave Douches; Cooperators: Chris Kapp (Upper Peninsula), James DeDecker, (Presque Isle) Introduction On-farm potato variety trials were conducted with 16 growers in 2015 at a total of 27 locations. Ten of the locations evaluated processing entries and seventeen evaluated fresh market entries. The processing cooperators were: Crooks Farms, Inc. (Montcalm), Walther Farms, Inc. (St. Joseph), Lennard Ag. Co. (St. Joseph), County Line Potato Farms, Inc. (Allegan), Main Farms (Montcalm), Sandyland Farms (Montcalm) and at the Michigan State University (MSU) Montcalm Research Center (Montcalm). The United States Potato Board/Snack Food Association (USPB / SFA) chip trial was at Sandyland Farms, LLC (Montcalm). Fresh market trial cooperators were: Crawford Farms, Inc. (Montcalm), Elmaple Farms (Kalkaska), Erke Farms (Presque Isle), Kitchen Farms, Inc. (Antrim), Horkey Bros. (Monroe), Lippens Potato Farm (Delta), R&E Farms (Presque Isle), T.J.J. VanDamme Farms (Delta), Walther Farms, Inc. (St. Joseph), Lennard Ag. Co. (St. Joseph), at the MSU Montcalm Research Center (Montcalm) and L. Yoder Farms (St. Joseph). Procedure There were six types of processing trials conducted this year. The first type contained 8 entries which were compared with the check varieties ‘Snowden’, ‘Pike’, ‘Lamoka’ and ‘FL1879’. This trial type was conducted at Main Farms, Lennard Ag. Co. and County Line Farms. Varieties in these trials were planted in 75-95’ strip plots out of which 23’ was harvested and graded. In-row seed spacing in each trial was 10 inches. Similar to these trials was a strip trial at Sandyland Farms, LLC in which a subset of the 8 processing lines were evaluated with using data collected from a single replicate, dug within a longer planted strip. The second type of processing trial, referred to as a “Select” trial, contained seven lines which were compared to the variety in the field. In these trials, each variety was planted in a 15’ row plot. Seed spacing and row width were 10” and 34”, respectively. These trials were conducted on Crooks Farms, Inc. (Montcalm County) and were intended to evaluate new chipping lines in early, mid and late season planting environments. The third type was a processing variety trial where each plot consisted of three, 34” wide rows which were 15’ long. Only the center row was harvested for the yield evaluation from each of four replications. This trial was conducted at Walther Farms, Inc. (St. Joseph). At Walther’s, 13 varieties were compared to the check varieties ‘Snowden’, ‘Pike’, ‘Lamoka’ and ‘FL1879’. The plots were planted at 10” in-row seed spacing. The fourth type was the Box Bin trial at the Montcalm Research Center in Montcalm County, MI. This trial contained 12 varieties compared against the check varieties ‘Snowden’ and ‘Lamoka’. Each of the 12 varieties were planted in a single 34” wide row, 600’ long with 10” in-row seed spacing. A single 23’ yield check was taken to evaluate each clone. The fifth type of chip trial consisted of large multiple acreage block plantings of a promising, non-commercialized variety, AF4648-2. Agronomic and production practices for these varieties were based on each individual grower’s production system. The growers were: Sandyland Farms (Montcalm) and Walther Farms (St. Joseph). The USPB / SFA chip trial was the sixth chip processing trial type and was conducted at Sandyland Farms (Montcalm County). For procedural details on this trial, reference the 2015 annual report published by the United States Potato Board. Within the fresh market trials, there were 44 primary entries evaluated (this is not including entries from USPB/NFPT trial) of which 21 were russet types and, 23 were non-russet table- stock lines. For russet trials, check varieties included ‘Silverton Russet’, ‘Russet Norkotah’ and ‘Goldrush Russet’. Other check varieties included, ‘Dark Red Norland’ (Red), ‘Reba’ and ‘Onaway’ (round white), and ‘Molli’ and ‘Lehigh’ (yellow). Trials were conducted in the following counties: Antrim, Delta, Kalkaska, Monroe, Montcalm, Presque Isle, St. Joseph, Cass, Van Buren, and LaGrange (IN). The varieties in each trial ranged from entirely non-russet type varieties to exclusively russet varieties. These varieties were generally planted in 100’ strip plots. A single 23’ yield check was taken to evaluate each clone in these strip trials. Seed spacing varied from 8 to 12 inches depending upon grower production practices and tuber type. Trials which only evaluated russet lines were conducted at three locations Elmaple Farm (Kalkaska), Montcalm Research Center (Montcalm), Lennard Ag. Co. (LaGrange) and Walther Farms (St. Joseph). At Elmaple Farms, each russet variety was planted in one, three row plot, that was thirty feet long with 34” wide rows and 10” in-row spacing. A yield determination was made on 23 feet of the center row. At Walther Farms, Inc. (St. Joseph), three row plots, replicated four times were evaluated. The plots were 15’ long by 34” wide and seed spacing was 10”. This trial was performed twice, once under Silverton management practices and the other with Norkotah management. Only the center rows were harvested and evaluated. Results A. Processing Variety Trial Results A description of the processing varieties, their pedigree and scab ratings are listed in Table 1. The overall averages from ten locations from Montcalm and St. Joseph counties are given in Table 2. The varieties listed below in the highlights section are listed in yield and trial performance order, highest to lowest. Not all varieties are listed, including those in which seed availability limited the number of trials in which they could be evaluated. Processing Variety Highlights NY154; this is a Cornell University developed clone with high yield potential. Trialed in 9 locations in 2015, this clone had the highest overall yield, with a low incidence of common scab (Table 2). The specific gravity was also excellent, averaging 1.083, above the trial average of 1.081. Internal quality was good overall, with some incidence of hollow heart (3%) and vascular discoloration (31%) observed. This variety had a vine maturity that was slightly later than Snowden. Tuber type was oval shaped and chip quality was good out-of- the-field. This represents the second consecutive year that NY154 has yielded well broadly throughout the state in these trials. NY157; this is another Cornell University clone that was trialed in Michigan for the first time in 2015. The clone had excellent yields, a good size profile, a very low incidence of common scab, and a specific gravity matching the trial average of 1.081. Internal quality was good, where there was no hollow heart recorded and 22% vascular discoloration across trials. The tubers were oval to pear-shaped with a vine maturity slightly later than Snowden. MSW474-1; this is a Michigan State University clone that was trialed in the Potato Outreach Program for the first time in 2015. Although it was only trialed in two locations its performance was excellent, exhibiting above average yields (522 cwt/A), specific gravity (1.086), and resistance to potato common scab. For the 2015-2016 MRC Box Bin Storage trial it has chipped well out of storage through the most recent sample date of January 4th, 2016. AF4648-2; this clone was developed by the University of Maine and was evaluated for the first time in 2015 by the Potato Outreach Program. It was evaluated broadly throughout the state in ten different trials. Marketable yields were below the trial average at 448 cwt/A, with specific gravity near the trial average at 1.080. Tuber shape was oval with nice bright skin. This line had excellent resistance to potato common scab, averaging an overall rating of 0.2 across the ten trials. Chip quality has been variable out of storage and will be addressed in the storage report. W5955-1; this selection has been developed at the University of Wisconsin and 2015 represents the third year of evaluation in the Potato Outreach Program. This variety appears to chip process well from out-of-the-field and from early to mid-season storage. Average marketable yields of the clone were lower than average in 2015, producing 440 cwt/A with specific gravity slightly above average at 1.083. Overall internal quality was good on this line in 2015, with low levels of hollow heart and vascular discoloration. This line exhibited excellent resistance to potato common scab in 2015 and a mid-season maturity. Chip quality out of the field was good in 2015 and storage quality has been good so far in 2015-2016 through January. MSR127-2; this is a Michigan State University clone with a heavy netted skin, uniform tuber type and excellent resistance to potato common scab. It has been evaluated for multiple years in the Potato Outreach Program, although seed availability in 2015 limited it’s evaluation to one trial (MRC Box Bin). In that trial, marketable yields were below the trial average (362 cwt/A) with higher than average specific gravity (1.093) and superior common scab resistance (0.0) compared with the trial average (1.4). Chip quality appears to be good from early storage, and storage quality has held up well in 2015-2016 MRC box bin trials. B. USPB / SFA Chip Trial Results The Michigan location of the USPB / SFA chip trial was on Sandyland Farms, LLC in Montcalm County in 2015. Table 3 shows the yield, size distribution and specific gravity of the entries when compared with Atlantic, Lamoka and Snowden (in bold font). Table 4 shows the at- harvest raw tuber quality results. Table 5 shows the out-of-the-field chip quality evaluations from samples processed and scored by Herr Foods, Inc., Nottingham, PA. Table 6 provides the blackspot bruise susceptibility of each entry. Table 7 provides a pre-harvest panel for each of the 10 varieties in the trial. USPB / SFA Chip Trial Highlights A Cornell University clone, NY152 topped the yield table in 2015, followed by the check variety Snowden and AF4648-2, all of which yielded above the trial average of 424 cwt/A (Table 3). AF4648-2 and Atlantic had the largest percentage of recorded oversize tubers (25%)(Table 3). Specific gravities for the trial overall were low, with a trial averae of 1.076, with Atlantic (1.081) the highest followed by a three-way tie (1.079) with Snowden, A00188-3C and W6822-3 and then AF4648-2 (1.078). Internal quality across the trial was generally acceptable, but the evidence of in-season environmental stress was observed in some lines (Table 4). Hollow heart was severe in AC03433-1W (40%) and Atlantic (30%) and to a lesser extent in Snowden, AC01151-5W and W6822-3 (all at 3%). Lamoka and CO03243-3W had the highest percentage of vascular discoloration at 27% followed by Snowden (23%). Lamoka exhibited a substantially higher level of internal brown spotting at 23% compared with the trial average of 4%. Table 5 shows the post-harvest chip quality based on samples collected on October 21st, 2015 and processed at Herr Foods, Inc. on November 3rd, 2015. Chip color was generally acceptable across the trial, with NY152 having the highest Agtron score of the trial at 65.2 followed by Lamoka at 64.9. The varieties, listed in ranked order based on quality observations from Herr Foods, Inc. are as follows: A00188-3C, W6822-3, Snowden, AC034331W, CO03243-3W, Lamoka, NY152, AF4648-2, AC01151-5W and lastly Atlantic. W6822-3, Snowden, Atlantic, NY152 and Lamoka showed the greatest susceptibility to blackspot bruising (Table 6). C. Fresh Market and Variety Trial Results A description of the freshpack varieties, their pedigree and scab ratings are listed in Table 8. Table 9 shows the overall yield averages from the thirteen russet-type trials located in the following counties: Antrim, Delta, Kalkaska, Monroe, Montcalm, Presque Isle, Van Buren, Cass LaGrange (IN) and St. Joseph. Non-russet-type freshpack trial averages are listed in Table 10 including primarily red-skinned, yellow and round-white types. Large block plantings were conducted at Walther Farms (Caribou Russet, Reveille Russet, W9433-1Rus), Kitchens Farms (Caribou Russet, Reveille Russet, W8152-1Rus), R&E Farms (Caribou Russet, Reveille Russet, W9433-1Rus), Elmaple Farms (Caribou Russet, Reveille Russet) Lippens Potato Farm (Caribou Russet) and L. Yoder Farms (Caribou Russet, Reveille Russet). Fresh Market Variety Highlights 2015 fresh market variety trial data was compiled into separate summary sheets (Table 9 and 10) based on tuber type (russets and non-russets). A description of the relevant fresh market varieties is given below. Red Skin Dakota Ruby; this North Dakota State University variety has a buff dark red skin appearance with a very uniform round tuber shape. In the 2015 freshpack variety trials, this clone had a 353 cwt/A US#1 yield, slightly above the 331 cwt/A average of the check variety Red Norland (Table 10). Internal quality was excellent in this variety with no observed hollow heart, internal brown spot, or brown center, and 5% vascular discoloration. Although common scab pressure was substantial in these trials, this variety exhibited good resistance to it, maintaining an overall average scab rating of 0.5. The maturity of the vines mimicked Red Norland in that they matured relatively early. Yellow Flesh Soraya; this variety is licensed by Norika America and it is the first year that it has been evaluated by the Potato Outreach Program. It was trialed in six on-farm trials where it yielded near the top for yellow fleshed lines at 464 cwt/A, although specific gravity was lower than average at 1.059. It exhibited a good size profile with oblong tuber type and deep yellow flesh. In southern trials, a greater percentage of pick outs were observed with 23% in Monroe County (due to knobby appearance), indicating potential susceptibility to heat stress. Along with excellent internal quality, this line had excellent tolerance to common scab. Vines matured mid-season. MSV093-1Y; this Michigan State University variety has uniform round tuber type with a nice yellow flesh. In 2015, MSV093-1Y yielded 503 cwt/A US#1 across six locations, well above the yellow check line (Molli) average (381 cwt/A US#1) with a medium vine maturity. Internal defects were low in this line with 15% vascular discoloration reported. It also exhibited some tolerance to potato common scab, with an average rating of 0.9. Specific gravity was near the trial average at 1.071, and it exhibited a good size profile with 84% of the harvested tubers falling within the A size class. Round White MSU161-1; this Michigan State University variety yielded well in 2015 across four locations at 481 cwt/A US#1, above the round white check variety Reba which yielded 420 cwt/A US#1. Specific gravity was above the freshpack trial average at 1.075 and internal quality was excellent with only 5% vascular discoloration. MSU161-1 was among the round white lines exhibiting greater resistance to potato common scab with an average rating of 1.0. It has a round, uniform tuber type with netted skin with medium vine maturity. Russet-type Reveille Russet (ATX91137-1Rus); this variety was crossed in Aberdeen, ID and selected by the Texas A&M breeding program in 1993. In 2014 it was named Reveille Russet. In 2015 it was trialed in twelve locations across the state. It was among the highest yielding lines in 2015 with 535 cwt/A US#1, above the trial average of 434 cwt/A US#1. There was very little common scab observed in this line in 2015 with a rating of 0.3 and it matured overall slightly later than Russet Norkotah. 84% of the total yield was classified as US#1 giving it a nice size profile. The tuber’s appearance was oblong to blocky with a nice russeted skin. The variety seems to be well adapted to all of the regions where it was evaluated as it performed well broadly across the state with good internal quality across the trials. Caribou Russet (AF3362-1Rus); this University of Maine selection had a 525 cwt./A US#1 yield, placing it near the top for US#1 yields in 2015 (across twelve locations). It had an average specific gravity of 1.073 and no incidence of hollow heart reported (Table 9). The tuber appearance was long and blocky with a nice netted russet skin. Vine maturity was medium. This variety appears very promising for the early russet market. Caribou Russet performed well across all geographic latitudes and it also has common scab tolerance and appears to be more resistant to herbicide injury than Silverton. W9433-1Rus; this University of Wisconsin selection had a 513 cwt/A US#1 yield with an average specific gravity of 1.073. It had a relatively large size profile with 31% of tubers classified as oversized although only 1% hollow heart was reported. Tuber appearance was light russeted skin with oblong to blocky shape. Vine maturity was medium and it showed some tolerance to potato common scab. It appeared to yield well under un-irrigated conditions as the top yielding russet line in the Presque Isle County trial. Mountain Gem Russet (A03158-2TERus); this variety was crossed and selected in Aberdeen, Idaho and yielded above average in 2015 at 494 cwt/A US#1 (across 10 locations). It had an average specific gravity of 1.076 and exhibited some tolerance to potato common scab. While overall trial averages indicate that some hollow heart was detected (12%), it tended to be more of an issue in southern trial locations. Tuber appearance was blocky to long in shape with a nice dark russeted skin type. It had a medium vine maturity. 2015 MSU Processing Potato Variety Trials Entry Pedigree 2014 Scab Rating* Characteristics Atlantic FL1879 Lamoka (NY139) Wauseon X B5141-6 (Lenape) Snowden X FL1207 NY120 X NY115 Manistee (MSL292-A) Snowden X MSH098-2 MegaChip (W1201) WISCHIP X FYF85 Pike (NYE55-35) Allegany X Atlantic Pinnacle (W5015-12) Brodick X W1355-1 Snowden (W855) B5141-6 X Wischip A00188-3C A91790-13 X Dakota Pearl A01143-3C AC01151-5W AC03433-1W COA95070-8 X Chipeta COA96142-7 X NDA2031-2 A94322-8C X COA96141-4 AF4648-2 NY132 X Liberator 2.6 2.5 1.5 2.5 High yield, early maturing, high incidence of internal defects, high specific gravity High yield, late maturity, large tuber type, late season storage, medium specific gravity High yield, mid-late season maturity, medium specific gravity, oval to oblong tuber type, low internal defects, long term chip quality Average yield, scab resistance similar to Snowden, medium specific gravity, long storage potential, uniform, flat round tuber type, heavy netted skin High specific gravity, round oval tubers, 1.0 medium-large size, common scab resistant, deep apical eye 1.3 2.6 2.6 1.5 1.8 1.5 - - Average yield, early to mid-season maturity, small tuber size profile, early storage, some internal defects, medium specific gravity High tuber set and yield, medium-late vine maturity, uniform size tubers, tubers tend toward flat shape, very flat in some environments High yield, late maturity, mid-season storage, reconditions well in storage, medium to high specific gravity Medium yield, scaly buff skin, high specific gravity, mid-season chip quality, common scab resistant Average yielding, scaly buff chipper, smaller tuber size, late maturity, high incidence of sheep-nose Low yielding, high specific gravity, medium maturity, medium vine size, round tuber with white skin and white flesh High yield potential with good size profile, medium maturity, resistance to internal defects and black spot bruise High yield potential, common scab resistant, high specific gravity, low internal defects *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data and descriptions provided by Potato Outreach Program with novel line information derived from MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and other potato breeding programs. Entry Pedigree 2014 Scab Rating* Characteristics AF4975-3 Atlantic X W1355-1 - High yield potential, high specific gravity, good chip color CO03243-3W BC894-2W X A91790-13W MSR127-2 MSJ167-1 X MSG227-2 MST441-1 Kalkaska X OP MSU383-A MSP292-7 X MSG227-2 MSV033-1 Beacon Chipper X MSJ147-1 MSX540-4 MSR061-1 X NY139 MSW474-1 MSN190-2 X MSP516-A NY148 B38-14 X Marcy 1.5 1.4 - - - - - Large vine size with medium maturity, large yield potential, medium specific gravity Scab resistant, high specific gravity, good chip quality from storage, above average yield potential, medium-late maturity Average yield potential, common scab resistant, medium specific gravity Medium/high yield potential, common scab resistant, medium specific gravity High yield potential, common scab susceptible, high specific gravity Medium/high yield potential, common scab, late blight and PVY resistant, high specific gravity Average yield potential, common scab resistant, moderately susceptible to late blight, high specific gravity 1.6 High yield potential, high specific gravity, moderate common scab resistance, late maturing High yield potential, medium to high specific NY152 NYH15-5 X Marcy 1.5 gravity, moderate resistance to common NY154 B3814 X Marcy 1.6 scab High yield potential, high specific gravity, moderate common scab resistance, late maturing High yield potential, low internal defects, NY157 White Pearl X Marcy - medium specific gravity, moderate common scab resistance *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data and descriptions provided by Potato Outreach Program with novel line information derived from MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and other potato breeding programs. Entry Pedigree 2014 Scab Rating* Characteristics NYK28-18 Snowden X E48-2 - Moderately high yield potential, high specific gravity, common scab resistant W5955-1 Pike X C31-5-120 Average yield, high specific gravity, size 1.6 profile similar to Atlantic, long storage potential, pear-shaped W6822-3 White Pearl X Dakota Pearl 1.8 Average yield, medium maturity, high specific gravity, susceptible to internal defects, moderate common scab resistance *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data and descriptions provided by Potato Outreach Program with novel line information derived from MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and other potato breeding programs. 2015 Statewide Chip Processing Potato Variety Trials Overall Average- Ten Locations COMMON SCAB RATING4 VINE VIGOR5 VINE MATURITY6 CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL1 LINE US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs MSV033-1j MSV313-2gj NY152i NY154abcdefghj NY157abcdefgj A01143-3Caefgh FL1879aefj MSW474-1gj Snowdenabefghij MSX540-4gj W6822-3ij Pikeaefj AF4975-3aefgj 765 815 631 651 596 676 592 629 552 595 535 610 533 560 522 642 514 559 507 572 502 562 474 502 466 517 CO03243-3Wabcdefghij 461 497 Manisteeabcdefgj Lamokaabcdefgij AF4648-2abcdefghij W5955-1abcdefghj NY148h Atlantici AC01151-5Wi A00188-3Ci MSR127-2g AC03433-1Wi 455 483 449 477 448 494 440 490 426 475 418 452 400 542 384 487 362 428 320 375 MEAN 490 545 94 97 88 93 92 87 93 80 91 88 88 91 89 92 93 94 90 89 90 93 74 79 85 85 89 4 2 10 6 6 9 6 20 7 11 9 9 8 6 6 4 8 8 7 4 24 13 15 7 9 As 86 53 81 86 85 83 68 78 81 87 76 86 76 80 81 80 79 76 85 68 71 76 85 62 78 OV 8 44 7 7 7 4 25 2 10 1 12 5 13 12 12 14 11 13 5 25 3 3 0 23 11 PO SP GR OTF CHIP SCORE3 2 1 2 1 2 4 1 0 2 1 3 0 3 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 2 8 0 8 2 1.081 1.083 1.074 1.083 1.081 1.081 1.079 1.086 1.083 1.096 1.085 1.085 1.082 1.076 1.081 1.082 1.080 1.083 1.082 1.081 1.072 1.079 1.093 1.068 1.081 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 RAW TUBER QUALITY2 (%) HH 3 0 0 3 0 0 5 0 2 0 2 0 2 1 4 0 1 5 0 30 3 0 0 40 4 VD 58 18 13 31 23 23 22 3 40 24 14 25 19 18 27 38 6 19 0 3 10 7 20 20 20 IBS BC 3 0 3 2 1 5 13 0 2 3 23 28 20 0 1 6 1 7 0 0 3 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2015 Chip Variety Trial Sites 1SIZE 3CHIP COLOR SCORE - Snack Food Association Scale 3.5 3.8 2.5 3.1 3.1 3.5 2.8 4.0 3.3 4.0 3.3 3.0 3.6 2.9 2.6 3.6 2.7 3.3 2.0 3.0 2.5 4.0 3.5 1.5 3.4 2.8 3.5 3.2 2.9 3.5 2.3 2.9 2.0 2.5 2.2 2.6 2.4 3.2 2.2 2.7 2.8 2.9 4.0 2.0 4.0 3.5 2.5 3.5 0.0 0.5 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.3 2.1 1.0 0.6 0.0 0.4 1.8 1.8 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 2.7 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.8 COMMENTS uniform round tuber type, heat sprouts, sticky stolons large round tuber type, heavy netted skin, gc sl compressed tuber type netted skin type, flat to oval tuber type, alligator hide alligator hide, oval to pear shaped tuber type knobby tuber shape, sheepnosing in pickouts, heat sprouts, sl alligator hide severe pink eye, alligator hide, flattened tuber shape compressed tuber type, heavy netted skin, sl sheep nose compressed tuber type, pink eye, netted skin type, gc sticky stolons, round pointed tuber type points in tubers, moderate pinkeye sl alligator hide, round to pear shaped tuber type heat sprouts, knobby tuber shape, raised lenticels uniform round tuber type, thin skin, sl rot compressed tuber type, netted skin type, sl alligator hide oval to pear shaped tuber type, alligator hide oval shaped tuber type, bright tuber appearance, sl alligator hide alligator hide, netted skin type, uniform round shaped tubers netted skin type gc pointed tubers in pickouts small uniform tuber size Bs: < 4.0 oz. As: 4.0 - 10.0 oz. (Out of the field) Ratings: 1 - 5 1: Excellent 5: Poor OV: > 10 oz. PO: Pickouts aCounty Line Farms; Allegan Co. bCrooks Farms; Set #1; Montcalm Co. c Crooks Farms; Set#2; Montcalm Co. d Crooks Farms; Set#3; Montcalm Co. e Lennard Ag. Company; St. Joseph Co. f Main Farms; Montcalm Co. g MSU Box Bin Trial; Montcalm Co. h Sandyland Farms; Set #1; Montcalm Co. i Sandyland Farms; SFA Trial (replicated); Montcalm Co. j Walther Farms (replicated); St. Joseph Co. 4COMMON SCAB RATING 0.0: Complete absence of surface or pitted lesions 1.0: Presence of surface lesions 2.0: Pitted lesions on tubers, though coverage is low 3.0: Pitted lesions common on tubers 4.0: Pitted lesions severe on tubers 5.0: More than 50% of tuber surface area covered in pitted lesions 3.1 2.9 tr = trace, sl = slight, N/A = not available gc=growth crack 2TUBER QUALITY (percentage of tubers) HH: Hollow Heart 5VINE VIGOR RATING Ratings: 1 - 5 6VINE MATURITY RATING Ratings: 1 - 5 VD: Vascular Discoloration 1: Slow Emergence 1: Early (vines completely dead) IBS: Internal Brown Spot BC: Brown Center 5: Early Emergence (vigorous vine, some flowering) 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering) Table 3. Yield , Size Distribution*, Specific GravitySpecificUS#1TOTALUS#1SmallMid-SizeLargeCullsGravityNY152596676881081721.074Snowden579634916791231.079AF4648-2457493934682531.078Atlantic418452934682531.081AC01151-5W400542742471321.072CO03243-3W384446861277921.070A00188-3C384487791376381.079W6822-3356435821276661.079Lamoka344379916751631.077AC03433-1W320375857622381.068MEAN4244928610731341.076*small <1 7/8"; mid-size 1 7/8"-3 1/4"; large >3 1/4"EntryYield (cwt/A)Percent Size DistributionTable 4. At-Harvest Tuber Quality. Sandyland Farms, Howard City, Michigan. EntryHHVDIBSBCNY15201330Snowden32330AF4648-20300Atlantic30300AC01151-5W31030CO03243-3W02700A00188-3C0700W6822-3313100Lamoka027230AC03433-1W4020001Internal Defects. HH = hollow heart, VD = vascular discoloration, IBS = internal brown spot, BC = brown center.Raw Tuber Quality1 (%) Table 5. 2015 Post-Harvest Chip Quality1AgtronSFA2Specific EntryColorColorGravityInternalExternalTotalNY15265.23.01.07716.511.127.6Snowden62.83.01.07531.116.447.5AF4648-262.03.01.08330.322.552.8Atlantic58.24.01.07229.340.369.6AC01151-5W53.13.01.0689.34.013.3CO03243-3W62.12.01.07422.530.953.4A00188-3C62.22.01.0759.716.426.1W6822-361.32.01.07614.216.430.6Lamoka64.93.01.07519.812.932.7AC03433-1W56.23.01.06714.523.938.41 Samples collected October 21st and processed by Herr Foods, Inc., Nottingham, PA on November 3rd, 2015. Chip defects are included in Agtron and SFA samples.2 SFA Color: 1 = lightest, 5 = darkest 3 Percent Chip Defects are a percentage by weight of the total sample; comprised of undesirable color, greening, internal defects and external defects. Percent Chip Defects3Table 6. Black Spot Bruise Test PercentAveragePercentAverageTotalBruiseBruises PerTotalBruiseBruises PerEntry012345TubersFreeTuber012345TubersFreeTuberNY152149124580.51093224420.9Snowden19524790.2996125361.0AF4648-220121950.019524790.2Atlantic203124830.210103124420.9AC01151-5W20424830.2167124670.4CO03243-3W22224920.1141024580.4A00188-3C212124880.220424830.2W6822-319625760.21592252442.6Lamoka21324880.11093123430.8AC03433-1W20424830.218624750.31Tuber samples collected at harvest and held at room temperature for later abrasive peeling and scoring.2Tuber samples collected at harvest, held at 50ºF for at least 12 hours, then placed in a 6 sided plywood drum and rotated 10 times to produce simulated bruising. They were then held at room temperature for later abrasive peeling and scoring. B. Simulated Bruise Samples2# of Bruises Per TuberA. Check Samples1# of Bruises Per Tuber Table 7A. Pre-Harvest Panel 8/12/15Average5SpecificGlucose1Sucrose2TuberEntryGravity%RatingRating3Uniform.4HillsStemsWeightNY1521.0770.0040.271100100392.84Snowden1.0730.0040.6211001004203.31AF4648-21.0760.0110.7401001003172.79Atlantic1.0780.0050.9271001004103.94AC01151-5W1.0730.0110.6261001003141.84CO03243-3W1.0760.0040.3721001004133.38A00188-3C1.0720.0070.9121001004253.20W6822-31.0790.0040.7331001004134.04Lamoka1.0750.0062.0251001004154.95AC03433-1W1.0700.0070.7181001004123.741 Percent Glucose is the percent of glucose by weight in a given amount of fresh tuber tissue. 2 Sucrose Rating is the percent of sucrose by weight in a given amount of fresh tuber tissue X10. 3 The Canopy Rating is a percent rating of green foliage (0 is all brown, dead foliage; 100 is green, vigorous foliage).4 The Canopy Uniformity is a percentage of how uniform the foliage health is at the date of observation. 5 The Average Tuber Weight is the total tuber weight collected, divided by the number of tubers, reported in ounces. Number ofCanopyTable 7B. Pre-Harvest Panel, 8/31/15Average5SpecificGlucose1Sucrose2TuberEntryGravity%RatingRating3Uniform.4HillsStemsWeightNY1521.0740.0020.3051001004123.98Snowden1.0760.0020.4111001003145.17AF4648-21.0700.0080.5461001003114.28Atlantic1.0780.0040.454751004126.85AC01151-5W1.0670.0100.5741001003102.59CO03243-3W1.0780.0030.5501001003143.33A00188-3C1.0750.0041.1501001004252.97W6822-31.0790.0031.01175100493.54Lamoka1.0810.0030.761751003154.06AC03433-1W1.0870.0070.649100755143.871 Percent Glucose is the percent of glucose by weight in a given amount of fresh tuber tissue. 2 Sucrose Rating is the percent of sucrose by weight in a given amount of fresh tuber tissue X10. 3 The Canopy Rating is a percent rating of green foliage (0 is all brown, dead foliage, 100 is green, vigorous foliage).4 The Canopy Uniformity is a percentage of how uniform the foliage health is at the date of observation. 5 The Average Tuber Weight is the total tuber weight collected, divided by the number of tubers reported in ounces. CanopyNumber of 2015 MSU Tablestock Potato Variety Trials Entry Pedigree Russet type 2014 Scab Rating* Characteristics Caribou Russet (AF3362-1Rus) Reeves Kingpin X Silverton Russet A long russet with good yield, processing potential and generally good appearance, 1.0 common scab tolerance, early bulking potential, medium russet skin, tolerant to Sencor & Linuron Goldrush Russet (ND1538-1Rus) ND450-3Rus X Lemhi Russet 0.8 Medium maturity, oblong-blocky to long tubers, bright white flesh, common scab resistance, average yield potential Mountain Gem Russet (A03158-2TE) A98292-2 X A98104-4 Payette Russet (A02507-2LB) EGA09702-2 X Gemstar - - High yield potential, common scab and tuber late blight resistance, medium-late maturity High yield potential, high specific gravity, late blight and PVY resistance, late maturing Russet Norkotah (ND534-4Rus) ND9526-4Rus X ND9687-5Rus 1.8 Average yield, mid-season maturity, long to oblong tubers, heavy russet skin, low specific gravity Reveille Bannock Russet X A83343- (ATX91137-1Rus) 12 Silverton Russet (AC83064-6) A76147-2 X A 7875-5 Targhee Russet (A01010-1) A92303-7 X A96004-8 A06084-1TE A98345-1 X A97267-1 1.1 1.6 - - Common scab tolerant, some incidence of growth defects, high yield potential High yield, oblong to long blocky tuber type, medium netted russet skin, masks PVY, medium specific gravity, possible Sencor & Linuron susceptibility High yield potential, hollow heart, black spot bruise, and soft rot resistance High yield potential, heavy russet skin *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program (P.O.P.) with qualitative descriptions derived from P.O.P., MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and other potato breeding programs. A08014-11TE Blazer Russet X A98196-5 - Early maturing, oblong shape, medium yield potential A09001-12TE A03293-2 X A98345-1 - Good yield potential, early maturity A06021-1TRus A99031-1TE X A96013-2 1.0 Medium yield potential, prominent lenticels, common scab tolerance AC05039-2Rus A99032-2TE X COA00287 AF4124-7Rus A8469-5 X SC9512-4 AF4953-6Rus W3160-51LB X W1836-3Rus AF4615-5Rus A94066-42LB X COA00329-3 AF5164-19Rus Reeves Kingpin X AF4185-1 AF5312-1Rus A86102-6 X CO82142-4 AF5314-2Rus Bannock Russet X W1151Rus CO05068-1Rus - - 1.8 - - - - - - - Below average yield potential, good internal quality Late maturity, moderate resistant to common scab, long-oblong shape Medium-late maturity, moderate susceptibility to common scab, moderate resistance to late blight, long-oblong shape Medium-late maturity, verticillium wilt resistant, golden nematode resistant, long- oblong shape Medium maturity, resistant to common scab, moderately resistant to black spot bruise, long-oblong shape Medium maturity, resistant to common scab and black spot bruise, long-oblong shape - *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program (P.O.P.) with qualitative descriptions derived from P.O.P., MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and other potato breeding programs. CO05175-1Rus CO07015-4Rus CO07049-1Rus - - - ND8068-5Rus ND2667-9Russ X ND4233-1Russ W8152-1Rus A93004-3Rus X CO94035-15Rus W9433-1Rus Calwhite X A96023-6 W9519-3Rus W1836-3rus X W1151rus W9742-3Rus A99134-1 X AOND95249 W10043-1Rus Bannock Russet X Millennium Russet W10074-8Rus Premier Russet X Freedom Russet - - - - 1.6 1.3 - - - - - - - Very early vine maturity, susceptible to common scab, good storage, attractive tubers with gold russet skin, resistant to sugar end defect High yield potential, blocky shape, high specific gravity, long storage potential Light russet skin type, less internal defects than Russet Norkotah, tolerance to verticillium wilt and early blight, medium-late maturity, oblong to long blocky tuber type Medium maturity Medium/late maturity Medium/late maturity Late maturity *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program (P.O.P.) with qualitative descriptions derived from P.O.P., MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and other potato breeding programs. 2015 MSU Tablestock Potato Variety Trials Yellow Flesh Type Entry Pedigree 2014 Scab Rating* Characteristics Lehigh Keuka Gold X Pike - shape, blackspot bruise resistance, common High yield potential, round to oblong tuber scab tolerance Merlot French Fingerling X Red Gold 0.5 High yield, small to medium oval tubers, medium to late maturity, red skin yellow flesh Molli I-79.318 X I-76.20/5 - Early maturing, dark yellow flesh, round to oval shape Oneida Gold (W6703-1Y) Satina X W2275-2Y Soraya - A02267-1Y Inca Gold X ND5256-7R A05182-7Y ATND93331-2Pinto X A99433-5Y CO05037-3W/Y CO07370-1W/Y - - MST252-1Y MSL024-AY X MSL211-3 1.2 Good yield, medium maturity, slightly better shape than W6703-5Y, common scab tolerant, medium yellow flesh, buff to slightly netted skin type - - - - - - High yield, late maturity, large oval-oblong tubers with yellow skin and yellow flesh Bright yellow skin, light yellow flesh Champagne color, good size profile, smooth skin - - Moderate yield potential, high tolerance to common scab *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program (P.O.P.) with qualitative descriptions derived from P.O.P., MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and other potato breeding programs. MSV093-1Y McBride X MSP408-14Y - High yield potential, moderate tolerance to common scab, yellow flesh W9576-11Y Dakota Pearl X Gala W9576-13Y Dakota Pearl X Gala W9577-6Y Dakota Pearl X Alegria - - - Medium maturity Medium maturity Late maturity VC1009-1W/Y Agria X MN12823 0.5 High yield, medium maturity, medium specific gravity *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program (P.O.P.) with qualitative descriptions derived from P.O.P., MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and other potato breeding programs. 2015 MSU Tablestock Potato Variety Trials Red Skin Type Entry Pedigree 2014 Scab Rating* Characteristics Dakota Ruby ND7188-4R X ND5256-7R - Uniform round, smooth tubers with white flesh, vigorous vine Red Norland ND 626 X Red Kote 1.4 Early maturity, medium yield, low specific gravity, smooth round to oblong tubers, medium red skin color CO07102-1R - ND6002-1R NorDonna x Bison - - - Uniform tubers, bright red skin, good yield potential, medium vine maturity and specific gravity ND7132-1R ND5002-3R X ND5438-1R Medium maturity and yield potential, bright - red skin with white flesh, oval to oblong shape *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program (P.O.P.) with qualitative descriptions derived from P.O.P., MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and other potato breeding programs. 2015 MSU Tablestock Potato Variety Trials Round white & Novelty type Entry Pedigree Onaway USDA X96-56 X Katahdin Reba (NY 87) Monona X Allegany 2014 Scab Rating* 2.0 2.3 Characteristics High yield, early maturity, round tuber type, low specific gravity, smooth skin, white flesh, medium deep eyes, few internal defects High yield, bright tuber appearance, low incidence of internal defects, mid to late season maturity, medium-low specific gravity Michigan Purple W870 X Maris Piper - potential with mid-early vine maturity. Strong purple skin, white flesh. High yield Susceptible to common scab MSQ131-A MSF373-8 X Missaukee 1.9 High yielding, large tuber size, round to oval tuber type MSU161-1 MSM182-1 X MSL211-3 - High yield potential, round white, moderate resistance to late blight MSS487-2 Stirling X Missaukee MSS576-5SPL MSI005-20Y X MSL211-3 MST386-1P Michigan Purple X Liberator - - - High yield potential, round white, resistant to late blight High yield potential, white flesh, pink- splashed skin, resistant to late blight, low black spot bruise incidence High yield potential, bright purple skin with white flesh, high tolerance to common scab *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program (P.O.P.) with qualitative descriptions derived from P.O.P., MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and other potato breeding programs. 2015 Statewide Russet Freshpack Potato Variety Trials Overall Averages- Thirteen Locations LINE US#1 TOTAL US#1 CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL1 Bs OV As PO SP GR COMMON SCAB VINE VINE RATING3 VIGOR4 MATURITY5 COMMENTS6 RAW TUBER QUALITY2(%) IBS BC VD 0 16 17 30 14 24 11 10 18 3 8 6 19 8 7 5 20 12 11 7 11 13 13 8 12 0 8 4 13 21 20 3 0 7 0 3 8 2 0 12 0 0 1 6 0 0 3 0 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.3 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.7 1.5 0.2 0.2 1 4.0 4.0 2.3 3.6 3.2 2.8 4.0 3.2 3.6 2.7 2.3 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.5 3.3 3.5 2.8 3.5 3.9 3.5 3.1 3 3.2 2.3 2.7 2.5 3.1 2.1 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.2 3.1 3.1 2.0 3.1 3.2 2.4 2.5 1.6 2.3 2.3 2.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 2 tuber break down noted, sticky stolons, dark russet skin type, heavy lenticels pear shaped tubers and knobs in pickouts nice uniform tuber type, tubular shape, tr heat sprouts, dark russet skin type, nice general appearance sl alligator hide, nice large uniform blocky tubers, misshapened pickouts, heavy netted skin sl alligator hide, very large tuber size profile, misshapen and knobs in pickouts, light russet skin type, heavy lenticels, alligator hide, misshapened pickouts, nice blocky tuber type, light to medium russet skin type alligator hide, large tuber size profile, blocky to long uniform tuber type, many eyes on tubers, eyes can be deep, nice dark russet skin type alligator hide, misshapen and gc in pickouts, oval to oblong tuber type, medium heavy netted russet skin type, heat sprouts nice general appearance, dark heavy russet skin type oval blocky tuber type, medium russet skin, misshapened pickouts misshapened knobby pickouts, oval to oblong non-uniform tuber type, light to medium russet skin tr alligator hide and pinkeye, nice appearance, good tuber type, light to medium russet skin, sl powdery scab alligator hide, blocky oblong tuber type, heavy lenticels, heat sprouts, light to medium russet skin sl alligator hide, gc and misshapened pickouts, oval to oblong tuber type, light to medium russet skin, heat sprouts sl pinkeye, knobby and misshapened pickouts, round to oval tuber type, medium russet skin, heavy eyebrowing misshapened and gc in pickouts, heavy netted skin sl alligator hide, small uniform tuber type, nice dark russet skin nice general appearance, small tubular tuber type, light to medium russet skin misshapened knobby pickouts, sticky stolons, medium to dark russet skin type sl alligator hide, tubular non-uniform tuber type, heavy russet skin severe alligator hide, russet burbank-like skin, severe pitted scab, common scab susceptible, light russet skin, alligator hide, small tuber type, medium to heavy russet skin nice oval blocky tuber type, heavy russet skin tr = trace, sl = slight, N/A = not available gc=growth crack 4VINE VIGOR RATING Ratings: 1 - 5 1: Slow Emergence 5: Early Emergence (vigorous vine, some flowering) 5VINE MATURITY RATING Ratings: 1 - 5 1: Early (vines completely dead) 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering) W10074-8Rusjlm W9742-3Rusejm 614 572 Reveille Russetabcdefghijkm 535 (ATX91137-1Rus) Caribou Russetabcdefghijklm (AF3362-1Rus) W9433-1Rusabcdefghijklm 525 513 A06021-1TRusbeijl W9519-3Rusem Mountain Gem Russetabcdeghijk (A03158-2TE) Silverton Russetabcdefghijkm GoldRush Russetbdk Payette Russetbijl (A02507-2LBRus) AF4953-6Rusbcdeijl AF4124-7Rusbcdgij CO05175-1Rusbcdefghik CO05068-1Rusbcdfghikm A09001-12TERusbijl W10043-1Ruslm Russet Norkotahabcdefghijklm A06084-1TERusbehij A08014-11TERusbil Targhee Russetbcim (A01010-1) ND8068-5Rusabcdghjkm ACO05039-2Rusbcdeghi CO07015-4Rusacjl 499 496 494 463 446 440 433 399 396 394 392 378 375 368 366 365 278 240 233 681 667 628 595 594 587 571 597 562 570 551 567 489 536 511 464 416 472 481 480 462 361 381 361 MEAN 434 531 90 83 84 87 87 85 88 82 81 79 80 78 82 72 76 85 91 77 69 76 79 74 63 63 80 9 4 12 10 6 11 8 12 14 14 11 10 12 16 20 9 4 19 26 18 15 23 35 35 14 71 30 61 64 56 65 68 60 64 68 63 62 65 58 69 65 58 68 57 61 75 71 58 61 62 19 53 23 23 31 20 20 22 17 11 17 16 17 14 7 20 33 9 12 15 4 4 5 2 18 2 13 4 3 7 4 4 6 5 7 9 12 6 13 4 6 5 3 5 6 6 3 3 3 6 HH 33 6 0 0 1 15 6 12 6 13 3 11 0 16 16 28 15 7 5 1.088 1.092 1.066 1.073 1.073 1.077 1.065 1.076 1.067 1.069 1.085 1.078 1.080 1.077 1.086 1.088 1.080 1.068 1.077 1.074 17 1.076 1.079 1.077 1.072 1 0 7 0 3 9 2015 Russet Variety Trial Sites a Horkey Brothers, Monroe Co. b Elmaple Farm; Kalkaska Co. c Crawford Farms; Montcalm Co. d Kitchen Farms; Antrim Co. e Walther Farms (Norkotah); Van Buren Co. (Replicated) f Walther Farms (Silverton); St. Joseph Co. (Replicated) g VanDamme Farms; Delta Co. h Erke Farms, Presque Isle Co. i Walther Farms (pinkeye); St. Joseph Co. j NFPT (selected lines replicated); Walther Farms; St. Joseph Co. k Lennard Ag. Co.; LaGrange Co. IN l P.O.P MRC Russet Trial, Montcalm Co. m PBG MRC Russet Trial, Montcalm Co.(replicated) 1SIZE Bs: < 4.0 oz. 2TUBER QUALITY (percentage of tubers out of 10) HH: Hollow Heart As: 4.0 - 10.0 oz. VD: Vascular Discoloration OV: > 10 oz. PO: Pickouts IBS: Internal Brown Spot BC: Brown Center 3 COMMON SCAB RATING 0.0: Complete absence of surface or pitted lesions 1.0: Presence of surface lesions 2.0: Pitted lesions on tubers, though coverage is low 3.0: Pitted lesions common on tubers 4.0: Pitted lesions severe on tubers 5.0: More than 50% of tuber surface area covered in pitted lesions 2015 Statewide Freshpack Potato Variety Trials Overall Average- Six Locations TYPE LINE MST386-1Paef ND7132-1Racef CO07102-1Rab RED / PURPLE SKIN Merlotabcdef ND6002-1Racef Dakota Rubyabcf Dark Red Norlandabcef Whitneye MSU161-1acef MSS487-2abdef ROUND WHITE MSQ131-Ade MSS576-5SPLacef Rebaacdef Onawayd VC1009-1W/Yabcdef MSV093-1Yabcdef Sorayaabcdef W9576-11Ybd A05182-7Ye W9576-13Ybd W9577-6Ybd Molliabcdef MST252-1Yde A02267-1Yabcdef Lehighd Oneida Goldabcdef CO07370-1W/Ybe CO05037-3W/Yabcdef MEAN YELLOW SKIN CWT/A US#1 TOTAL US#1 PERCENT OF TOTAL1 Bs OV As PO SP GR RAW TUBER QUALITY2 (%) HH BC IBS VD COMMON SCAB VINE VINE RATING3 VIGOR4 MATURITY5 560 432 391 368 363 353 331 651 481 454 442 442 420 292 507 503 464 452 425 410 391 381 350 342 329 281 268 159 301 592 485 459 505 414 428 384 725 542 522 497 481 470 401 634 554 547 588 707 518 467 473 432 436 361 370 370 353 399 95 89 85 69 86 79 82 90 87 87 89 90 88 73 78 90 83 75 60 80 83 77 82 78 91 75 73 45 74 1 8 12 28 12 20 16 8 11 13 10 9 11 18 21 9 12 24 39 18 16 20 14 21 5 24 23 54 23 69 77 84 69 78 79 81 69 81 83 81 79 79 70 75 84 75 74 60 78 82 75 74 76 78 74 73 45 71 26 12 1 0 8 0 1 21 6 4 8 11 9 3 3 6 8 1 0 2 1 2 8 2 13 1 0 0 4 4 3 3 3 2 1 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 9 1 1 5 1 1 2 1 3 4 1 4 1 4 1 3 1.080 1.066 1.068 1.078 1.066 1.074 1.065 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.053 10 1.075 1.072 1.068 1.071 1.072 1.059 1.079 1.071 1.059 1.059 1.069 1.074 1.070 1.069 1.070 1.064 1.073 1.075 1.067 1.069 1.070 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 28 5 17 10 5 14 20 5 0 3 13 2 20 23 15 5 25 30 15 30 12 15 12 0 15 40 12 15 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 2 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.8 1.6 3.8 1.0 1.8 0.5 1.5 2.0 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.0 0.5 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.8 3.5 0.5 0.0 1.3 0.5 1.1 0.0 0.4 3.5 0.8 1.1 3.8 3.5 2.0 2.6 3.5 2.7 3.7 2.5 3.6 3.1 3.1 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.3 4.1 2.3 3.3 2.0 3.2 2.8 3.6 3.0 3.2 2.5 0.5 3.1 2.0 1.8 1.4 2.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.4 1.5 3.9 3.0 2.5 1.9 3.0 2.0 2.3 1.7 2.3 2.7 1.5 2.3 3.0 1.3 2.1 COMMENTS large uniform round tuber type, nice purple skin and white flesh uniform oval tuber type, nice red skin color, netted skin nice smooth skin type, good reddish purple color oval to oblong shaped tuber type, light red netted skin alligator hide, small uniform tuber type, nice red skin color uniform round tubers, nice buff red skin alligator hide smooth red skin, nice white flesh bright white tuber appearance, smooth skin type alligator hide uniform round tuber type, netted skin uniform round tuber type, heavy netted skin uniform round tuber type, bright white skin bright white tuber appearance, pink splash around eyes tr alligator hide, large oval tuber type, deep apical eyes poor tuber shape, poor overall appearance uniform yellow flesh color, flattened tuber shape, sticky stolons alligator hide nice uniform round tuber type, nice yellow flesh alligator hide, nice deep yellow flesh, oblong tuber type, points in pickouts tr alligator hide, buff skin type, nice yellow flesh color, light yellow flesh, oval tuber type, powery scab lesions present smooth waxy skin, nice yellow flesh color oval tuber type, buff skin type alligator hide oval tuber type, light waxy yellow skin netted skin type, gc in pickouts, cream colored flesh pink blotching around eyes, yellow flesh netted skin type, gc in pickouts, yellow flesh, oval tuber type alligator hide, small flat round tuber type, buff skin type tr heat sprouts, nice yellow flesh, buff skin alligator hide pink blotching around eyes, round tuber type tr = trace, sl = slight, N/A = not available gc=growth crack 2015 Tablestock Variety Trial Sites a Crawford Farms; Montcalm Co. b Elmaple Farm; Kalkaska Co. c Erke Farms, Presque Isle Co. d Horkey Brothers Farm, Monroe Co. e Kitchen Farms; Antrim Co. f VanDamme Farms; Delta Co. 1SIZE Bs: < 4.0 oz. 2TUBER QUALITY (percentage of tubers) HH: Hollow Heart As: 4.0 - 10.0 oz. VD: Vascular Discoloration OV: > 10 oz. PO: Pickouts IBS: Internal Brown Spot BC: Brown Center 3COMMON SCAB RATING 0.0: Complete absence of surface or pitted lesions 1.0: Presence of surface lesions 2.0: Pitted lesions on tubers, though coverage is low 3.0: Pitted lesions common on tubers 4.0: Pitted lesions severe on tubers 5.0: More than 50% of tuber surface area covered in pitted lesions 4VINE VIGOR RATING Ratings: 1 - 5 1: Slow Emergence 5: Early Emergence (vigorous vine, some flowering) 5VINE MATURITY RATING Ratings: 1 - 5 1: Early (vines completely dead) 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering) Understanding the chemical ecology of Solanum sp. for Colorado potato beetle management Zsofia Szendrei and Monica Hufnagel, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824 Solanaceous plants, such as the potato, have considerable variation in plant quality; they contain glycoalkaoids, a group of steroidal compounds that can be toxic to some insects. There is considerable intra-family variation among solanaceous plants for glycoalkaloids and the response of the specialist herbivore, Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to these metabolites varies greatly (Hsiao and Frankel 1968; Flanders et al. 1992; Hollister et al. 2001). Glycoalkaloids in Solanum chacoense have been associated with resistance to L. decemlineata and efforts have focused on using these secondary metabolites for pest management (Sinden et al. 1986; Lawson et al. 1993). The qualitative aspect of plant volatile blends is also important for L. decemlineata host location: adding odors from non-host solanaceous species, such as Solanum habrochaites (wild tomato) into the odor blend stopped L. decemlineata from responding to potato odor (Thiery and Visser 1986). Here we evaluate interactions between L. decemlineata preference and performance. We measured responses of L. decemlineata when exposed to single accessions of three wild potato species: S. chacoense, S. immite, S. pinnatisectum and the cultivated potato S. tuberosum cv. Atlantic. We determined performance by measuring larval survival, feeding, and development and, we evaluated the adaptiveness of female preference by measuring oviposition of L. decemlineata when simultaneously exposed to the four plant species in choice experiments. Finally, the allelochemical (glycoalkaloid) and volatile organic compound contents in the four plant species were analyzed to determine how variation in resource quality relates to oviposition preference and larval performance. Materials and methods Insect and plant material Leptinotarsa decemlineata larvae and adults used in all the experiments were obtained from a laboratory colony maintained at the Vegetable Entomology Laboratory at Michigan State University (East Lansing, MI). The colony was kept in continuous culture on Solanum tuberosum cv. Atlantic in a rearing room at 25°C and 16:8 (L:D) photoperiod. The wild host species we tested were S. chacoense, Bitter (PI 123123, selection 3), S. immite, Dunal (PI 365330, selection 3), and S. pinnatisectum, Dunal (PI 184774, selection 88), obtained from the United States Potato Genebank (NRSP-6, Sturgeon Bay, WI). These species originate from different countries, occur at different altitudes and have different levels of insect and disease resistance (Table S1). Solanum tubersoum cv. Atlantic, the cultivated potato was used in all experiments, obtained from plants grown at the Montcalm Potato Research Farm (Stanton, MI). All plants were vegetatively propagated and grown in an environmental chamber at 25ºC, 75% RH, 14:10 (L:D), planted in 12 cm diameter plastic pots in a perlite soil mix (Suremix Perlite, Michigan Grower Products Inc., Galesburg, MI). Plants were fertilized weekly with a 5g/l 14-10-14 N-P-K (Scott’s, Miracle-Grow Products, Inc. Marysville, OH) solution. Larval foliage consumption Foliage consumption by larvae was compared in a no choice experiment. The youngest fully expanded leaf was collected from different 4-5-week-old plants for each no choice trial. To prevent desiccation, each leaf petiole was placed in a 1.7 ml water-filled plastic microcentrifuge vial with a perforated cap. Individual leaves were placed in plastic Petri dishes (90 x 15 mm) on moist filter paper (Whatman #1, VWR, Radnor, PA). Leaf area (cm2) was obtained using a Li-Cor Portable Leaf Area Meter (LI-3000C, Lincoln, NE). Newly ecdysed second instar L. decemlineata were starved for 4 hours preceding the assay and one larva was placed in each Petri dish. Ten Petri dishes per plant species were prepared and held at 25°C, 70-75% RH, 16:8 (L:D) for 48 h. The water in the microcentrifuge vials was checked twice daily and refilled when necessary. At the end of the 48-h-period larvae were removed, leaves were rinsed using tap water to eliminate excreta, wiped dry and scanned again to record the final leaf area. This experiment was repeated ten times on two different dates (05-Aug-2014 and 22-Aug-2014) using new groups of larvae and plants each time (N=20 per plant species). Larval foliage consumption was calculated by subtracting the final leaf area from the initial leaf area. Data were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post- hoc means comparisons were done by Tukey’s Honest Significant Different (HSD). This test and all subsequent statistical tests, unless noted otherwise, were performed using R (R version 3.2.2, R Core Team, 2015). Larval survival Egg masses were collected from the L. decemlineata colony and allowed to hatch at room temperature in Petri dishes. Five neonates (0-24-h-old) from different egg masses were placed on the upper third of every potato plant using a paintbrush. The 4-5-week-old plants were covered with mesh (white polyester, 680µm mesh aperture, Megaview, Taichung, Taiwan) and the material was secured with a string around the top of the pot to prevent larvae from escaping. In order to keep the mesh away from the plants, two metal wire hoops were bent over each pot with their ends inserted into the soil. Infested plants were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications per plant species and held at 25°C, 70-75% RH, 16:8 (L:D) for 8 days. The numbers and developmental stages of living and dead larvae were recorded at the end of 8 days. The experiment was replicated twice (10-Oct-2014 and 11-Nov-2014) for a total of 10 replications per plant species. The number of larvae surviving after 8 days was analyzed with a two-way ANOVA (plant species and block as factors) followed by Tukey’s HSD procedure to determine differences among means (α=0.05). Oviposition preference The oviposition behavior of mated L. decemlineata females on the four plant species was compared in choice tests. One 5-week-old plant of each species was organized randomly in the four corners of a 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.6 m square collapsible metal cage (BioQuip Products Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA). Plants were chosen so that the four plants in a cage were matched for size. Ten cages were organized in a completely randomized design and kept on lab benches at 22-25°C, 70-75% RH and 16:8 (L:D). At the start of the experiment, one mated female (approximately 8-10 days post-emergence) was released in the center of each cage. Plants were inspected for new egg masses daily for five days, without removing the egg masses from the plant. At the end of the 5 days, the total number of egg masses and number of eggs per egg mass were counted. Egg masses laid anywhere other than plant tissue were omitted from the analysis. The entire experiment was replicated twice, once in 2014 and once in 2015, for a total of 20 replications per plant species. Differences in the total number of egg masses and total number of eggs among potato species were compared using a Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test for post-hoc means comparison (α=0.05). The average number of eggs per egg mass was compared with an ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD procedure to determine differences among means. Cumulative number of egg masses were compared with a χ2 test by day across species. Plant tissue analysis Glycoalkaloid analysis was done on 4-week-old undamaged plants. Ten plants were used per species and one leaflet from the top third part of each plant was collected for extraction. The tissue (100 mg) was pulverized in liquid nitrogen, and 1 ml of extraction solvent (water, methanol and acetic acid, 49:49:2 v/v/v) was added. The samples were then heated at 60°C in a water bath for 30 min, followed by centrifugation at 15,000 RPM for 20 min and then the supernatant was transferred to a 2 ml glass vial. Samples were analyzed with a Waters G2-XS QToF liquid chromatograph - mass spectrometer (MS) interfaced to a Waters Acquity Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography system using a method described previously (Schilmiller et al. 2015). A non-targeted analysis of peaks from the lowest collision energy function was performed using Waters Markerlynx XS (Version 3.0.1, Waters Corp.). Masses between m/z 50 and 1500 were included using a mass window of 0.05 and a marker intensity threshold of 5000 counts. Filtering was performed to remove masses that had a fractional mass above 0.7. Peak areas of alkaloids were averaged across ten replicates for each species. Peak areas of all detected glycoalkaloids were analyzed using nonmetric multidimensional scaling and an analysis of similarity (ANOSIM, α=0.05) to determine overall glycoalkaloid profile differences among species. Peak areas of chaconine, solanine and tomatine were compared among the four plants with ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD (α=0.05). Headspace analysis Volatile organic compound collection from the four Solanum species (n = 6: S. chacoense, S. immite; n = 7: S. pinnatisectum, S. tuberosum) was conducted in the same growth chamber where plants were grown (25ºC, 75% RH, 14:10 L:D). Undamaged 4-5- week-old plants were individually placed into closed glass chambers (18 cm diameter, 38 cm height). The soil and pot were covered with aluminum foil to minimize odor contamination of the headspace. A vacuum pump pulled air from the chambers through a Super Q trap (50/80 mesh; Alltech, Deerfield, IL; 30 mg in a 150 mm by 50 mm glass tube) for 6 h at a rate of 1 L min-1. Air was allowed to enter the chamber through a charcoal filter. Volatiles were extracted from the Super Q trap using 150 µl of methylene chloride. The volatile extracts were analyzed on an Agilent 7890A gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a HP-5MS Agilent J&W column (30 m length, 250 µm diameter and Volatile organic compounds separated by GC/MS were processed with the 0.25 µm film thickness, He as the carrier gas at constant 1 ml min-1 flow) coupled with an Agilent 5975C inert XL MS. Compounds were separated by injecting 1 µl of sample into the GC/MS. The GC oven temperature program consisted of 35°C for 1 min followed by 10°C min-1 to 260°C then hold at 260°C for 6.5 min. After an initial solvent delay of 4 min, masses between m/z 40-550 atomic mass units were scanned. Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System (AMDIS, Version 2.70, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, Version 11, Gaithersburg, MD). A library of 37 known compounds was compiled with AMDIS using the NIST database as a reference. The AMDIS report was processed with the ‘Metab’ R package (Aggio et al. 2011). Data was normalized to the internal standard, by fresh plant biomass and h of collection to calculate volatile emission per sample (ng / g / h). Headspace composition was then compared among the four plant species using nonmetric multidimensional scaling and ANOSIM. The quantities of limonene, copaene, nonanal, methyl salicylate, and caryophyllene were compared in the four plant species using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD (α=0.05). These five compounds were identified using comparison of their retention times and spectra to standards. Results Larval foliage consumption Leaf area consumed by second instars during 48 h was significantly different among the plant species (F = 28.98, d.f. = 3, 74, P < 0.01), ranging from 1.16 to 8.61 cm2 (Fig. 1). Leaf area consumed was the lowest on S. immite among the four species, followed by S. pinnatisectum. Both of these species had significantly less feeding than either S. tuberosum or S. chacoense (all t > 1.69, d.f. = 74, P < 0.05). Solanum tuberosum and S. chacoense had similar amounts of leaf areas consumed (t = 0.68, d.f. = 74, P = 0.53). On average, larval feeding on S. immite was 84.53% less than on S. tuberosum and 86.53 % less than on S. chacoense. After 48 h, all larvae that fed on S. chacoense and S. tuberosum were third instar, whereas all larvae feeding on S. immite and S. pinnatisectum remained in the second instar. No larval mortality was observed during the 48-h-period. 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 ) 2 m c ( d e m u s n o c a e r a f a e l M E S ± n a e M a a b c S. chacoense S.#chacoense# S. tuberosum S. pinnatisectum S.#tuberosum# S.#pinna2sectum# S. immite S.#immite# Potato species Figure 1. Mean (± SEM) leaf surface area (cm2) of four Solanum species consumed by second instar L. decemlineata during 48 h of feeding. Different letters above bars denote significant differences among means (Tukey’s HSD, P < 0.05). Larval survival Larvae confined on the four potato species for 8 days had significantly different survival (F = 29.43, d.f. = 3, 25, P < 0.01; Fig. 2). None of the larvae on S. immite survived, while on average 60% survived on S. tuberosum (t = 7.48, d.f. = 25, P < 0.01). An average of one larva out of five was found alive on S. pinnatisectum after 8 days. There were no differences in the number of larvae that survived on S. tuberosum and S. chacoense (average of 3 larvae in both species, t = 0.21, d.f. = 25, P = 0.83). After 8 days, all larvae that survived on S. pinnatisectum were still second instars but larvae on S. chacoense and S. tuberosum were all fourth instars. t n a p l r e p e a v r a l M E S ± n a e M s y a d 8 r e t f a a a 4 3 2 1 0 b c S. chacoense S. immite S. chacoense S. tuberosum S. pinnatisectum S. immite S. pinnatisectum S. tuberosum Potato species Figure 2. Mean (± SEM) survivorship of L. decemlineata larvae on four Solanum species after 8 days; 5 neonates were placed on each plant at the beginning of the trial. Different letters above bars denote significant differences among means (Tukey’s HSD, P < 0.05). Oviposition preference The number of eggs per mass was significantly different among the four plant species (χ2 =9.34, d.f. = 3, P = 0.03; Fig. 3a). Solanum immite received the most egg masses, about 40-50% more than S. chacoense or S. pinnatisectum (χ2 > 2.52, d.f. = 3, P < 0.01). Solanum tuberosum received 37% fewer egg masses than S. immite (χ2 = 2.39, d.f. = 3, P < 0.01). In terms of the total number of eggs, S. immite received about 70% more eggs than S. chacoense or S. pinnatisectum (χ2 > 2.84, d.f. = 3, P < 0.01, Fig. 3b). Solanum tuberosum had 2.24 times fewer eggs than S. immite (χ2 = 2.61, d.f. = 3, P < 0.01). The average number of eggs per egg mass was similar on S. chacoense and S. tuberosum at 7 eggs/mass (t = 0.01, d.f. = 19, P = 1.00), but egg masses on S. immite had 32 eggs/mass, significantly more than on any of the other three species (all t > 3.12, d.f. = 19, P < 0.05; Fig. 3c). In the first two days of the assay, 65-90% of the total egg masses were laid on S. immite, S. chacoense and S. pinnatisectum, while 46% were laid on S. tuberosum (Fig. 3d). Significant differences among the cumulative numbers of eggs appeared on the second day of the experiment and egg numbers remained the highest on S. immite until the end of the experiment (χ2 > 7.09, d.f. = 3, P < 0.01; Fig. 3d). s e s s a m g g e f o r e b m u n l a t o T f s s a m g g e r e p s g g e o r e b m u n ) M E S ± ( n a e M 20 (a) a 1000 (b) a 15 10 5 0 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 b b b s g g e f o r e b m u n l a t o T 800 600 400 200 b b b (c) a f b b b s e s s a m g g e o r e b m u n e v i t l a u m u C 0 25 20 15 10 5 0 S. chacoense S. pinnatisectum S. tuberosum S. immite tuber (d) S. immite S. immite S. pinnatisectum S. pinnatisectum S. chacoense S. chacoense S. tuberosum S. tuberosum *" *" *" S. chacoense chaco S. pinnatisectum S. tuberosum S. immite immite tubero pinna Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Figure 3. Oviposition preference of L. decemlineata females in a four-choice test, (a) total number of L. decemlineata egg masses, (b) total number of eggs laid, (c) mean (± SEM) number of eggs per egg mass and, (d) cumulative number of egg masses over 4 days on four Solanum species. Different letters above bars and asterisks denote significant differences among means (P < 0.05). Plant tissue analysis (a) The glycoalkaloid profiles significantly differed across plant species (ANOSIM: R2 = 0.94, P < 0.01; Fig. 4a). Chaconine and solanine were detected in S. chacoense, S. immite and S. tuberosum, but not in S. pinnatisectum (Fig. 4b). On the other hand, tomatine was only detected in S. pinnatisectum. The amount of chaconine and solanine was similar in S. immite and S. tuberosum (all t >13.75, d.f. = 36, P < 0.01) but significantly less in S. chacoense than in the other two species (all t >13.75, d.f. = 36, P < 0.01). Figure 4. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling with leaf total glycoalkaloid content of four Solanum species (a). Mean (± SEM) peak area of three different leaf glycoalkaloids (chaconine, solanine, tomatine) in the four Solanum species (b). Different letters above bars denote significant differences among means (Tukey’s HSD, P < 0.05). 2 . 0 2 0 . 1 . 0 1 0 . 2 e t i a n d r o o C 0 . 0 0 0 . t 2 e a n d r o o C i 1 . 0 - 1 . 0 − 2 . 2 . 0 − 0 - 3 . 0 - 3 . 0 − (b) a e r a k a e p ) M E S ± ( n a e M ) e c n a d n u b a e v i t a e r ( l 200000 200000 180000 180000 160000 160000 140000 140000 120000 120000 100000 100000 80000 80000 60000 60000 40000 40000 20000 20000 0 0 −0.2 -0.2 a a S. immite S. tuberosum S. chacoense S. pinnatisectum 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 Coordinate 1 Coordinate 1 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 S. immite S. tuberosum S. chacoense S. pinnatisectum a a a b b c chaconine c solanine b b b tomatine a 3 0 . 2 0 . 0 0 . i . 2 0 − . . 1 0 − 1 0 . . 0 2 1 . 0 3 . 0 0 - 2 . 0 - 2 e t 0.6 0.6 3 . . 3 0 − 0 - 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 −0.2 -0.2 (b) (a) 0 2 . e 0 t a n d r o o C 1 e c a p s d a e h i a n d r o o C 0.2 0.2 Coordinate 1 Coordinate 1 S. immite S. tuberosum S. chacoense S. pinnatisectum immite S. immite S. tuberosum tuber S. chacoense chaco S. pinnatisectum pinna Headspace analysis A comparison of 37 compounds revealed significant differences among the four species’ headspace composition (ANOSIM: R2 = 0.29, P < 0.01; Fig. 5a). The quantities of limonene, copaene, methyl salicylate, and caryophyllene were significantly different among the four species (all F > 3.26, d.f. = 3, 22, P < 0.05; Fig. 5b). There was significantly more limonene in S. immite than in S. tuberosum (t =2.96, d.f. = 22, P = 0.03), but there was significantly more copaene in S. tuberosum than in S. immite (t =3.48, d.f. = 22, P = 0.01). The amount of methyl salicylate and caryophyllene was significantly higher in S. chacoense than in any of the other three species (all t >4.70, d.f. = 22, P < 0.01). The quantity of nonanal was not significantly different among the four species (F = 2.59, d.f. = 3, 22, P = 0.08; Fig. 5b). Summary Since L. decemlineata specializes on plants in the genus Solanum, we hypothesized that oviposition behavior will be closely aligned with larval performance; instead, we found evidence for the ‘bet-hedging’ strategy. While larvae performed best on S. tuberosum and S. chacoense, females preferred to lay eggs on S. immite, a plant that caused the highest larval mortality. Thus we provide evidence for a decoupling of female preference and larval performance when females are offered a choice. Figure 5. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling comparison of the total volatile profile of four Solanum species (a). Mean (± SEM) ng / g / h emission for five specific volatile compounds by Solanum species, MeSA - methyl salycilate (b). Different letters above bars denote significant differences among means (Tukey’s HSD, P < 0.05). a ab ab b b copaene copaene methyl salicylate caryophyllene b b b MeSA b b caryophyllene 9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 ab ab b l n a p M E S ± limonene limonene nonanal nonanal n a e M l a o v t ) h / g / g n ( a a n i s e l i t a a a a We recovered some resolution of preference and performance with our Since secondary plant metabolites play an important role in insect host specificity, we hypothesized that the metabolite profiles for suitable oviposition and larval hosts will be similar. Contrary to our expectation, we found that the overall glycoalkaloid profiles were not related to oviposition or larval performance. For example, the number of egg masses laid on S. chacoense, S. pinnatisectum and S. tuberosum were similar but their glycoalkaloid profiles were qualitatively different from each other. However, larval feeding and development in our experiments were highest on plants that contained solanine and chaconine, the two secondary plant compounds that make up the majority of S. tuberosum’s glycoalkaoids. observations of volatile organic compounds in the headspace. Overall headspace profiles of S. pinnatisectum and S. immite were similar, and these were the two species least preferred for larval feeding. When examining some individual headspace volatile organic compounds, S. immite was different in that it emitted limonene in larger quantities than the other three species. Limonene is a well-known insect repellent with insecticidal properties (Ibrahim et al. 2001). Literature Cited Flanders KL, Hawkes JG, Radcliffe EB, Lauer FI (1992) Insect resistance in potatoes: sources, evolutionary, relationships, morphological and chemical defenses, and ecogeographical associations. Euphytica 61: 83-111 Hsiao TH, Fraenkel G (1968) The role of secondary plant substances in the food specificity of the Colorado potato beetle. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 61: 485-493 Hollister B, Dickens JC, Perez F, Deahl KL (2001) Differential neurosensory responses of adult Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, to glycoalkaloids. Journal of Chemical Ecology 27: 1105-1118 Ibrahim MA, Kainulainen P, Aflatuni A, Tiilikkala K, Holopainen JK (2001) Insecticidal, repellent, antimicrobial activity and phytotoxicity of essential oils: with special reference to limonene and its suitability for control of insect pests. Agriculture and Food Science in Finland 10: 243-259 Lawson DR, Veilleux RE, Miller AR (1993) Biochemistry and genetics of Solanum chacoense steroidal alkaloids: Natural resistance factors to the Colorado potato beetle. Current Topics in Botanical Research 1: 335–352 Sinden SL, Sanford LL, Cantelo WW, Deahl KL (1986) Leptine glycoalkaloids and resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Solanum chacoense. Environmental Entomology 15: 1057-1062 Thiery D, Visser JH (1986) Masking of host plant odour in the olfactory orientation of the Colorado potato beetle. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 41: 165-172 Aphid trapping in a Michigan seed potato field Lansing, MI, 48824 Zsofia Szendrei, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Aphids can carry virus particles and spread them between plants. PVY (Potato virus Y) can be spread by many species of aphids (small, soft-bodied insects that feed on plant sap). Within minutes of starting to feed on a PVY-infected plant, the PVY particles get stuck in the aphid’s stylet (its piercing-sucking mouthpart). If the aphid then moves to a healthy plant and soon starts to feed, the virus particles are transmitted to the healthy plant. This process, termed “non-persistent” transmission, is similar to contaminating a glass of pure water with a straw you previously used to drink lemonade—a small amount of lemonade will taint the pure water. most important strategy to minimize on-farm spread of PVY is to minimize the initial inoculum in the field, i.e. plant virus-free certified seed. Minimizing the spread of virus into or within a field by controlling aphid vectors is need; specifically more information about the proper timing of control efforts. If the identity, origins, and timing of movement of important PVY vectors could be predicted, then growers would have the option to focus preventative oil sprays at high risk periods and, whenever possible, to avoid planting potatoes in high-risk areas. This can be especially important for high value, early generation seed crops. PVY has limited management options in the absence of host plant resistance. The p a r t r e p i s d h p a f o r e b m u n l a t o T IOTT EAST LANSING MONROE KELLOGG 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 3-Jul 10-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 31-Jul 7-Aug 14-Aug 21-Aug 28-Aug 4-Sep Time during 2015 growing season Figure 1. Total number of aphids captured in suction traps at four different locations in Michigan in 2015. The blue line represents the seed potato farm. In 2015, we set up a suction trap at one collaborating seed potato farm in Michigan and monitored/emptied it weekly. Samples were sent for identification to the University of Illinois. The abundance of aphids in the trap peaked in mid-August in 2015 (blue line in Fig. 1). The most abundant aphid species during the season in the trap was oat bird- cherry aphid (158), followed by the soybean aphid (31), the spotted alfalfa aphid (17), and English grain aphid (13). The trap at the potato seed farm captured 289 aphids during the growing season. Potato Pathology Update for Crop Year 2015 N. Rosenzweig, L. Steere, R. Schafer and W. W. Kirk Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI Introduction Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is among the world's most important food crops and is the highest-volume vegetable grown in the U.S. Moreover potato comprises the largest harvested acreage of vegetables. Potato production in Michigan (MI) is ranked eighth (~$208 million) in the US. It is also one of the most intensively managed crops. Potato production systems have long been plagued by a multitude of recurrent and persistent soil-borne, seed, foliar and storage diseases. Potato production in Michigan is no exception (Table 1). During the 2015 growing season Michigan potato production faced management challenges with recurrent, sporadic and emerging diseases that included stem canker and black scurf, late blight and aerial stem rot respectively. Rhizoctonia stem canker and black scurf of potato Rhizoctonia diseases of potato are caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (teleomorph Thanatephorus cucumeris (A. B. Frank) Donk) and can be found on all underground parts of the plant at different times during the growing season. In the US, Rhizoctonia solani has been associated with disease on legumes (peas, beans), cereals, sugarbeet and potato. Rhizoctonia solani has many synonyms and is divided into subgroups called anastomosis groups (AG's), in which isolates are categorized according to the ability of their hyphae to anastomose (fuse) with one another. Rhizoctonia AG-4 has typically been associated with legumes. Rhizoctonia AG-8 is typically associated with cereals (wheat & barley). Rhizoctonia AG2-2 111b and IV and AG-4 with sugarbeet stem canker and damping off. Rhizoctonia AG-3 is associated with potato stem canker and black scurf. In Michigan, R. solani causes black scurf on tubers (Figure 1), and stem and stolon canker on underground stems and stolons (Figure 2), and occurs wherever potatoes are grown. However, R. solani causes economically significant damage only in cool wet soils. In the more southern temperate areas of Michigan, losses from Rhizoctonia are sporadic and only occur when the weather is cold and wet in the weeks following planting. In northern areas, where growers often must plant in cold soils, Rhizoctonia is a more consistent problem. Poor stands, stunted plants, reduced tuber number and size, and misshapen tubers are characteristic of diseases caused by R. solani. Chemical seed treatment management is accomplished through the use of products specifically developed for control of seed-borne potato diseases and offer broad- spectrum control for Rhizoctonia, silver scurf, Fusarium dry rot and to some extent Black dot (Colletotrichum coccodes). These include Tops MZ, Maxim MZ (and other Maxim formulations + Mancozeb) and MZ. Application of fungicide in-furrow at planting has resulted in significant improvement in control of Rhizoctonia disease of potatoes. Products such as Moncut and Quadris applied in-furrow at planting have given consistent and excellent control of Rhizoctonia diseases of potatoes in trials at MSU. However, both seed treatments and in-furrow applications on some occasions have resulted in poor control of Rhizoctonia. This sporadic failure may be due to extensive periods of wet and cold soil shortly after planting or planting in fields with plentiful inoculum. Quadris applied in-furrow has been reported to reduce the symptoms of Black Dot on lower stems and tubers. Late blight of potato Late blight, caused by the water mold (oomycete) Phytophthora infestans, has the potential to be a very destructive disease of potato in Michigan. Over the past growing seasons late blight has no longer been a sporadic disease and as such has been reported throughout the United States from multiple production areas (Figure 3). Potato late blight was found in in Montcalm and St. Joseph County in southern Michigan in 2015. Some crops in southern Michigan were in early decline and ready to be desiccated or already being harvested. The amount of disease was generally light in southern counties. Areas in fields that were vulnerable were field margins, especially those close to tree lines, raised cable lines and where water accumulated, such as around pivot tracks and tractor wheel lines. The genotype of the Phytophthora infestans isolate responsible for all late blight confirmations in potatoes have been the US-23 genotype. Conditions remained conducive for late blight in potato crops and the risk of tuber blight is high, especially in fields in areas that experienced heavy rain during August. Late blight protection programs should be based on a residual protectant fungicide such as chlorothalonil or mancozeb. Under high disease pressure situations, the programs incorporating Revus products, Forum, Curzate 60DF, Ranman, Tanos, Gavel, Ariston, Zing! or Previcur Flex should be used. Ridomil-based products have proved very effective in recent years where the genotype of P. infestans has changed to one that is metalaxyl- sensitive as with US-23, which has predominated in Michigan since 2013. In Michigan, Headline and Quadris have been effective in late blight management, but these products should be used in strict adherence with anti-resistance development strategies, i.e., always mix with a protectant fungicide. These products must be used in combination with protectant materials such as EBDC or chlorothalonil-based products. Destruction of areas within crops with late blight should follow the rules that 30 rows either side of the newest lesions at the border of the late blight locus and 100 feet along the row (either side) are killed with Reglone or with Gramoxone. Aerial blackleg of potato Dickeya spp. and Pectobacterium spp. are commercially important seed-borne soft rot bacteria that cause aerial blackleg of potato. Aerial and lower stem blackleg in potatoes has emerged as an important disease of potato and have increased in prevalence in certain European countries and Israel. Direct crop loses primarily occurs is cases of downgrading or rejection of seed by certification programs. The disease has not been a major issue in the US until a recent outbreak this past growing season. A wet June resulted in a high incidence of aerial stem rot in parts of Michigan. Effective management starts with proper identification and diagnosis and growers should only plant certified seed. Seed is only certified if it is within the incidence tolerance of tuber presence with soft-rot symptoms (0.05 percent), but the seed is unlikely to be completely free of Dickeya spp. and Pectobacterium spp. contamination. Dickeya spp. and Pectobacterium spp. does not survive well outside of the potato, therefore rotational programs of two or more years may help control this disease. Seed cutting can also spread inoculum, therefore sanitation and disinfesting potato-cutting equipment and careful seed handling post-cutting reduces the risk of this disease. Prevention of seed piece decay with fungicidal seed treatments can indirectly prevent seed contamination, especially during the cutting operation. Seeds should be planted during conditions that favor fast emergence, and planting into cool and wet soils should be avoided. Summary The first step in effective disease management of potato is accurate identification and diagnosis. It is important to adhere to manufacturer’s label recommendations when implementing disease management programs. We will continue to evaluate the effectiveness of promising biologically based and conventional treatments on common scab management, tuber yield and quality, under multiple field conditions and locations over the coming growing seasons. More information available at: http://www.potatodiseases.org/ Acknowledgements This project was partially supported by the Michigan Potato Industry Commission, and the Michigan State University Project GREEEN. Table 1. Major seed-borne, foliar and storage diseases in Michigan potato production systems. Type Seed-borne (soil) Pathogens Phytophthora infestans Common name Late blight Type of organism Oomycete Fusarium dry rot Stem canker and black scurf Black dot Bacterial soft rot Common scab Fusarium sambucinum Rhizoctonia solani Colletotrichum coccodes Pectobacteria spp. Dickeya spp. 2015 Streptomyces scabies Fungus Fungus Bacteria Bacteria Corky ringspot/TRV Tobacco rattle virus Virus Field (foliar) PVY and variants Late blight Early blight Brown leaf spot White mold Gray mold Black leg Early die Potato virus Y P. infestans Alternaria solani Alternaria alternata Virus Oomycete Fungus Fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Fungus Botrytis cinerea Pectobacterium and Dickeya spp. Verticillium dahliae /Pratylenchus penetrans Tobacco rattle virus P. infestans Fungus Bacteria Fungus/nematode Virus Oomycete Storage (tuber) Corky ringspot/TRV Late blight Symptoms Irregularly shaped, slightly depressed brown to purplish areas on skin Delayed or non-emergence Black scurf on tubers Black dots form on tubers Decaying seed piece Cork-like or russeted lesions Small prominent brown flecks Sometimes brown rings Dark, circular to irregularly shaped lesions Dark concentric rings Small, round, dark brown spots Lesions with white cottony growth Tan lesions Brown to black water- soaked lesions extending from the base of the stem Vascular discoloration and premature senescence Ring spot or stem mottle Entire tuber becomes blighted and discolored Fusarium dry rot F. sambucinum and others Fungus Pink rot P. erythroseptica Oomycete Pythium Leak Pythium ultimum Oomycete Soft rot Silver scurf Black dot Pectobacterium and Dickeya spp. Helminthosporium solani C. coccodes Bacteria Fungus Fungus Dark depressions on tuber surface Tuber decay that begins at or near the stem or stolon end Darkening of tissue and presence of liquid exudates Cream colored to tan, soft and granular Tan or grey, circular lesions on periderm Small abundant black dots (sclerotia) Figure 1. Brown, sunken lesions on underground stems and stolons caused by Rhizoctonia solani Figure 2. Rhizoctonia solani sclerotia on the surface of tubers Figure 3. Late blight across the US (2015), source http://usablight.org Figure 4. Aerial stem rot symptoms on a potato plant in the field caused by Pectobacterium spp. Figure 5. Aerial stem rot symptoms on a potato plant in the field caused by Pectobacterium spp. Figure 6. Blackleg symptoms on a potato seed piece caused by Pectobacterium spp. Figure 7. Tuber soft rot symptoms on a potato seed piece caused by Pectobacterium spp. Funding: Industry and MPIC Evaluation of fungicide programs for potato late blight control: 2015. N. Rosenzweig, W. W. Kirk, R. Schafer, L. Steere, S. Dangi, P. Somohano, S. Mambetova 1Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Potatoes (‘Atlantic’, cut seed, treated with Maxim FS at 0.16 fl oz/cwt) were planted at Michigan State University Horticultural Experimental Station, Clarksville, MI (Capac loam soil); 42.8733, -85.2604 deg; elevation 895 ft. on 25 May into two-row by 25-ft plots (ca. 10-in between plants to give a target population of 50 plants at 34-in row spacing) replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were irrigated as needed with sprinklers and were hilled immediately before sprays began. All rows were inoculated (3.4 fl oz/25-ft row) with a zoospore suspension of Phytophthora infestans [US-23 biotype (sensitive to mefenoxam, A1 mating type)] on 29 Jul at 104 spores/fl oz. Plots were irrigated as needed with sprinklers and were hilled immediately before sprays began. All fungicides in this trial were applied on a 7-day interval from 8 Jul to 3 Sep (9 applications) with an ATV rear-mounted R&D spray boom calibrated to deliver 25 gal (80 p.s.i.) using three XR11003VS nozzles per row. Weeds were controlled by hilling and with Dual 8E (2 pt on 5 Jun), Poast (1.5 pt on 17 Jul). Insects were controlled with Admire 2F (20 fl oz at planting), Sevin 80S (1.25 lb on 17 and 31 Jul), Thiodan 3EC (2.33 pt on14 Aug) and Pounce 3.2EC (8 oz on 17 Jul). Plots were rated visually for percentage foliar area affected by late blight on 14, 21, 27 Aug and 3 Sep, [16, 23, 29, and 36 days after the inoculation (DAI)] when there was about 100% foliar infection in the untreated plots. The relative area under the late blight disease progress curve was calculated for each treatment from the date of inoculation to 3 Aug, a period of 36 days. Vines were killed with Reglone 2EC (1 pt on 14 Sep). Plots (2 x 25-ft row) were harvested on 8 Oct and tubers from individual treatments were weighed and graded. A sample of 50 tubers was collected from each plot at harvest and the incidence of late blight affected tubers was evaluated. Meteorological variables were measured with a Campbell weather station located at the farm from 1 May to 31 Oct. Average daily air temperature (oF) from Jun to Oct was 59.3, 63.8, 68.3, 67.3, 64.7 and 49.9 and the number of days with maximum temperature >90oF was 0 (May to Oct). Average daily relative humidity (%) over the same period was 69.4, 73.1, 70.5, 74.1, 71.8 and 73.6. Average daily soil temperature at 4” depth (oF) over the same period was 60.0, 68.2, 73.6, 71.6, 68.9 and 55.9. Average daily soil moisture at 4” depth (% of field capacity) over the same period was 35.6, 36.6, 32.7, 35.7, 37.1, and 35.8. Precipitation was 4.01, 3.02, 0.29, 3.09, 3.52, and 3.07 in. Plots were irrigated to supplement precipitation to about 0.1 in./4 day period with overhead sprinkle irrigation. The total number of late blight disease severity values (DSV) over the disease development period from 29 Jul (inoculation date) to 3 Sep was 48 using 90%RH (ambient air) as a basis for DSV accumulation. Late blight developed steadily after inoculation due to extended leaf wetness periods and moderate air temperature during Aug and untreated controls reached on average 100% foliar infection by 3 Sep. Up to 21 Aug, most fungicide programs had significantly less foliar late blight than the untreated control (42.5%) although some programs had already started to show that they were ineffective (data not shown). By 27 Aug, programs with less than 76.3% foliar late blight had significantly better foliar late blight control than the untreated control (95.0 %). By 3 Sep as the epidemic intensified, only programs with less than 56.1% foliar late blight had significantly better foliar late blight control than the untreated control (100 %). Fungicide programs with RAUDPC values less than 50.6 were significantly lower in comparison to the untreated control (62.8), which was one of the highest RAUDPC values ever recorded at CRC. At harvest, the percent incidence of infected tubers from untreated plots was 3.8% and no treatments were significantly different in comparison to the untreated control. Treatments with greater than US1 yield of 169 and total yield of 225 cwt, respectively were significantly different from the untreated control (US1 = 115 and total yield = 165 cwt). Phytotoxicity was not noted in any of the treatments. Funding: Industry and MPIC Yield (cwt) Tuber blight (%)c Foliar potato late blight (%) 27 Aug 29 DAIa af 95.0 12.3 c 22.5 bc 3 Sep 36DAI a abc ab 100 70.7 92.2 RAUDPCb 36 DAI a 62.8 18.4 b-e 26.9 b cd cd c ab 35.1 c 9.0 e 286 a 343 a 10.3 6.7 53.2 bc 228 a-d 20.5 76.3 284 a-d 16.1 b-e 115 243 199 Total e abc cd 165 302 254 US1 e abc cd Treatment and rate Inoculated Check………………………….. Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt (A-Ie)………………. Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt (ACFH)……………. Zing! 4.9SC 32 fl oz + Kinetic 90SL 0.25 % v/v (A-I)……………. Zing! 4.9SC 34 fl oz + Kinetic 90SL 0.25 % v/v (A-I)……………. Zing! 4.9SC 32 fl oz (ABFI); Revus Top 4.16SC 5.5 fl oz; Curzate 60DF 3.3 oz (DFH); Manzate Pro-Stick 75WG 2 lb (DE); Previcur Flex 6SC 1.2 pt (E); Super Tin 4L 4FL 3 fl oz (EGI); Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt (F); Gavel 75DF 2 lb (H) + Kinetic 90SL 0.25 % v/v (A-I)………….. CX-10250 100D 1.13 oz (A-I)……………. CX-10250 100D 1.13 oz (ACFH); Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt (BEGI)……………... Elixir 75DF 1.8 lb (A-I)…………………… Elixir 75DF 2 lb (A-I)……………………... Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt (A-I)…………........... Elixir 75DF 1.8 lb (ABCD); Bravo WS 6SC 6SC 1.5 pt (EFGHI)……… Elixir 75DF 2 lb (ABCD); Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt (EFGHI)…………… OxiPhos 41.1L 4.0 qt (A-I)………………... OxiPhos 41.1L 2.5 qt (A-I) + OxiDate 2.0 27L 0.25 % v/v (A-I)………… p-value if NSD a Days after inoculation of Phytophthora infestans (US-23, A1 mating type, mefenoxam sensitive) on 29 Jul. b RAUDPC, relative area under the disease progress curve calculated from day of appearance of initial symptoms (14 Aug) to 3 Sep (20 days) and 36 days after inoculation. c Incidence of tuber late blight at harvest. d Days after planting. e Application dates: A= 8 Jul; B= 15 Jul; C= 22 Jul; D= 30 Jul; E= 6 Aug F= 13 Aug; G= 20 Aug; H= 27 Aug; I= 3 Sep. f Values followed by the same letter are not significantly different at p = 0.05 (Fishers LSD). 25.2 bcd 26.4 bc 19.0 b-e 16.2 b-e a 97.5 ab 74.3 64.2 abc 52.6 bc cd 205 a-d 226 192 cd 213 bcd cd 258 a-d 275 243 cd 265 bcd 23.4 bc 17.7 c c 15.3 8.9 cd 21.2 b-e 50.6 a 12.4 de 60.4 a 169 de 200 cd 225 de 256 cd 2.8 d 91.0 a 60.3 100 67.6 100 56.1 abc 13.8 cde 85.8 56.4 166 de 185 cd 331 261 ab cd 274 199 ab cd a 223 de 240 cd 6.1 cd 100 a abc a a abc a 135 DAPd 3.8 2.8 1.6 4.6 6.5 4.1 5.6 4.2 1.8 2.7 5.4 5.2 5.5 1.9 1.5 0.127 Funding: MPIC and Industry Seed treatments and seed plus in furrow treatments for control of seed-borne Rhizoctonia solani, 2015. N. Rosenzweig, W. W. Kirk, R. L Schafer and L. Steere; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Potatoes with Rhizoctonia solani (black scurf), 2- 5% tuber surface area infected, were selected for the trials. Potato seed (Russet Norkotah) was prepared for planting by cutting and treating with fungicidal seed treatments two days prior to planting. Seed were planted at the Michigan State University Horticultural Experimental Station, Clarksville, MI (Capac loam soil); 42.8733, -85.2604 deg; elevation 895 ft. on 25 May into two-row by 25-ft plots (ca. 10-in between plants at 34-in row spacing) replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. A 5-ft not-planted alley separated the two-row beds. Dust formulations were measured and added to cut seed pieces in a miniature cement mixer (seed-treater) and mixed for 2 min to ensure even spread of the fungicide. Potato seed liquid treatments were applied in water suspension at a rate of 0.2 pt onto the exposed seed tuber surfaces in the seed treater. In-furrow at-planting applications were delivered in 8 pt water/A in a 7 in. band using a single XR11003VS nozzle at 30 psi. Fertilizer was drilled into plots before planting, formulated according to results of soil tests. Additional nitrogen (final N 28 lb/A) was applied to the growing crop with irrigation 45 DAP (days after planting). Previcur N 6SC was applied at 0.7 pt/A on a seven-day interval, total of four applications, starting one day after inoculation of adjacent plots with Phytophthora infestans to prevent spread of potato late blight. Weeds were controlled by hilling and with Dual 8E at 2 pt/A 10 DAP and Poast 1.5EC at 1.5 pt/A 58 DAP. Insects were controlled with Admire 2F at 1.25 pt/A at planting, Sevin 80S at 1.25 lb/A 30 and 50 DAP, Thiodan 3 EC at 2.33 pt/A 60 and 80 DAP and Pounce 3.2EC at 8 oz/A 50 DAP. Vines were killed with Reglone 2EC (1 pt/A on 5 Sep). Plant stand was rated 16, 23 and 35 days after planting (DAP) and relative rate of emergence was calculated as the Relative Area Under the Emergence Progress Curve [RAUEPC from 0 – 35 DAP, maximum value = 100]. Plots were harvested on 20 Oct and individual treatments were weighed and graded. Four plants per plot were harvested 73 days after planting (6 Aug) and the percentage of stems and stolons with greater than 5% of the total surface area affected were counted. Samples of 20 tubers per plot were stored for 1 day after harvest and assessed for black scurf (R. solani) incidence (%) and severity. Severity of black scurf was measured as an index calculated by counting the number of tubers (n = 20) falling into each class 0 = 0%; 1 = 1 - 5%; 2 = 6 -10%; 3 = 11 - 15; 4 >15% surface area of tuber covered with sclerotia. The number in each class is multiplied by the class number and summed. The sum is multiplied by a constant to express as a percentage. Indices of 0 - 25 represent 0 - 5%; 26 - 50 represent 6 - 10%; 51 - 75 represent 11 - 15% and 75 - 100 >15% surface area covered with sclerotia. Meteorological variables were measured with a Campbell weather station located at the farm from 1 May to 31 Oct. Average daily air temperature (oF) from Jun to Oct was 59.3, 63.8, 68.3, 67.3, 64.7 and 49.9 and the number of days with maximum temperature >90oF was 0 (May to Oct). Average daily relative humidity (%) over the same period was 69.4, 73.1, 70.5, 74.1, 71.8 and 73.6. Average daily soil temperature at 4” depth (oF) over the same period was 60.0, 68.2, 73.6, 71.6, 68.9 and 55.9. Average daily soil moisture at 4” depth (% of field capacity) over the same period was 35.6, 36.6, 32.7, 35.7, 37.1, and 35.8. Precipitation was 4.01, 3.02, 0.29, 3.09, 3.52, and 3.07 in. Plots were irrigated to supplement precipitation to about 0.1 in./4 day period with overhead sprinkle irrigation. Rhizoctonia was very severe in this trial due to conducive weather conditions throughout the early part of the growing season and also due to the impact of infected seed and contaminated soil (rotations were following corn and potatoes for the past 6 years). Treatments with plant stand greater than 62.1% had significantly greater final plant stand in comparison to the not treated control (46.9%). Several treatments had almost full emergence and treatments were greater than 82.6% final plant stand were significantly different from treatments with lower final plant stand. Treatments with RAUEPC greater than 60.6 had significantly greater RAUEPC values in comparison to the not treated control (RAUEPC = 49.0). Several treatments had high RAUEPC values and treatments with greater than RAUEPC = 60.6 were significantly different from treatments with lower RAUEPC values. No treatments significantly affected yield, which ranged from 179 (not treated control) to 257 cwt/A and 218 (not treated control) to 282 cwt/A (US1 and total yield, respectively). No treatments had mean final stem number significantly different from the not-treated control (2.1 stems/plant) and ranged from 1.7 to 4.0 stems per plant. No treatments had significantly less stem canker (incidence of stems with >5% of the total surface area affected) than the not-treated control (100%) and ranged from 90.6 to 100%. No treatments had significantly different mean number of stolons per plant from the not-treated control (9.3 stolons/plant) and ranged from 9.6 to 18.4. No treatments had significantly mean different percentage incidence of stolons with stem canker (greater than 5% of the total surface area affected) in comparison to the not-treated control (60.1%) and ranged from 46.6 to 85.6. Treatments with less than 50.7% incidence of tuber black scurf had significantly less black scurf than the not-treated control (50.7%). Although some treatments had significantly higher incidence of tuber black scurf in comparison the not-treated control the severity of black scurf on these tubers was much less severe. Treatments with less than 25.7 tuber black scurf severity index had significantly lower black scurf severity in comparison to the not-treated control (25.7). Seed treatments were not phytotoxic. Funding: MPIC and Industry Yield (cwt/A) RAUEPCc Max = 100 (0 – 23 DAP 49.0 gh 54.6 fgh 85.7 a-e 81.7 b-f 77.7 a-d 57.5 ghi 96.1 a 93.7 abc 75.4 bcd 85.2 ab 72.9 cde 52.7 fgh 86.5 ab 83.0 abc 224 199 89.7 a-d 81.3 c-f 269 238 264 255 224 204 a-e a-d ab a-e Emergence (%) 213 257 204 222 258 282 240 258 Total 218 232 US-1 179 189 85.8 91.5 94.1 85.6 23 DAPb 46.9 id 62.1 ghi 75.7 bcd 87.6 86.0 78.5 a ab a-d Treatment and rate potato seed (Aa); In-furrow rate/1000 row feet (B) Untreated………………………… Quadris 2.08SC 0.8 fl oz (B)……. Emesto Silver 1FS 0.31 fl oz + Nubark mancozeb 6DS 16 oz (A).. Emesto Silver 1FS 0.31 fl oz + Reason 4.2SC 0.15 fl oz (A)……… Emesto Silver 1FS 0.31 fl oz + Reason 4.2SC 0.15 fl oz + Nubark mancozeb 6DS 16 oz (A)…. Emesto Silver 1FS 0.31 fl oz + Nubark mancozeb 6DS 16 oz (A); Serenade Soil 1.34F 12.5 fl oz (B)… Emesto Silver 1FS 0.31 fl oz + Nubark mancozeb 6DS 16 oz (A); Quadris 2.08SC 0.6 fl oz (B)……… WE1042-2 6DS 1 lb (A)………….. WE1043-1 6DS 1 lb (A)…………. Maxim 4FS 0.08 fl oz (A)………… Maxim 4FS 0.08 fl oz + WE1502-1 L 2.55 fl oz (A)……….. Maxim 4FS 0.08 fl oz + WE1042-2 6DS 1 lb (A)………….. Emesto Silver 1FS 0.4 fl oz + WE1042-2 6DS 1 lb (A)…………... Actinovate AG 0.01DS 0.15 oz + Maxim 4FS 0.08 fl oz + WE1042-2 6DS 1 lb (A)…………… Moncut 70 DF 70DF 1.04 oz (B)….. Moncut 70 DF 70DF 1.56 oz (B)….. Moncut 70 DF 70DF 1.04 oz + Serenade Soil 1.34F 4.7 fl oz (B)….. Quadris 2.08SC 0.65 fl oz (B)……... Vertisan 1.67EC 1.56 fl oz (B)…….. Priaxor 4.17SC 0.65 fl oz (B)……… Convoy 40 SC 40SC 1.62 fl oz (B)... Prostar 70 WG 70WG 1.04 oz (B)… Convoy 40 SC 40SC 0.38 fl oz + Nubark mancozeb 6DS 0.75 lb (A).. Emesto Silver 1FS 0.31 fl oz + Firbark 0D 0.5 lb (A) Moncoat MZ 7.5DP 0.75 lb (A)…... Treatment Prob (F) a Application dates: A= 27 May (liquid formulations for seed piece application at 0.2 pt); B= 28 May (in-furrow). b DAP = Days After Planting. c RAUEPC = Relative area under the emergence progress curve measured from planting to 31 days after planting. d Values followed by the same letter are not significantly different at p = 0.05 (Fishers LSD) and Probability F value shown if no significant difference among treatments. 51.8 hi 67.8 fgh 55.9 ghi 81.3 c-f 50.5 hi 54.0 ghi 46.7 gh 60.6 efg 43.2 h 69.7 de 47.2 gh 48.0 gh 75.8 bcd fgh 53.0 59.3 efg 80.1 def 60.7 ghi 60.2 ghi 245 243 237 228 264 246 203 194 194 186 242 216 cde 71.0 67.1 def 82.6 b-f efg 72.7 197 226 0.62 240 261 0.42 242 250 261 232 237 211 258 265 246 205 203 223 188 229 76.3 a-d 88.0 a-e Stems Funding: MPIC and Industry Stolons Tubers Number per plant Percent Incidence Infectionf Incidence Tuber black scurf (%) 50.7 c 24.9 d Severityg (0 – 100 Index) 25.7 a 9.6 b Number per Percent Incidence Infectione 100.0 90.6 96.4 85.6 12.1 3.3 2.7 74.7 18.4 plant 10.4 13.7 64.0 68.0 12.0 16.2 2.2 3.0 3.8 100.0 2.1 4.0 11.5 fg 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 60.1 46.6 9.3 11.9 (34 DAP) 19.8 def 17.0 def 18.7 def 1.8 2.7 3.1 2.1 9.6 13.0 11.0 10.6 65.8 60.6 63.9 83.8 100.0 93.8 93.8 100.0 (34 DAPb) 2.1 1.8 16.8 def 13.6 efg 19.7 def 24.4 d Treatment and rate potato seed (Aa); In-furrow rate/1000 row feet (B) Untreated…………………………... Quadris 2.08SC 0.8 fl oz (B)………. Emesto Silver 1FS 0.31 fl oz + Nubark mancozeb 6DS 16 oz (A)…. Emesto Silver 1FS 0.31 fl oz + Reason 4.2SC 0.15 fl oz (A)……….. Emesto Silver 1FS 0.31 fl oz + Reason 4.2SC 0.15 fl oz + Nubark mancozeb 6DS 16 oz (A)…. Emesto Silver 1FS 0.31 fl oz + Nubark mancozeb 6DS 16 oz (A); Serenade Soil 1.34F 12.5 fl oz (B)… Emesto Silver 1FS 0.31 fl oz + Nubark mancozeb 6DS 16 oz (A); Quadris 2.08SC 0.6 fl oz (B)………. WE1042-2 6DS 1 lb (A)…………… WE1043-1 6DS 1 lb (A)………….. Maxim 4FS 0.08 fl oz (A)…………. Maxim 4FS 0.08 fl oz + WE1502-1 L 2.55 fl oz (A)………... Maxim 4FS 0.08 fl oz + WE1042-2 6DS 1 lb (A)…………... Emesto Silver 1FS 0.4 fl oz + WE1042-2 6DS 1 lb (A)………….... Actinovate AG 0.01DS 0.15 oz + Maxim 4FS 0.08 fl oz + WE1042-2 6DS 1 lb (A)…………… Moncut 70 DF 70DF 1.04 oz (B)….. Moncut 70 DF 70DF 1.56 oz (B)….. Moncut 70 DF 70DF 1.04 oz + Serenade Soil 1.34F 4.7 fl oz (B)….. Quadris 2.08SC 0.65 fl oz (B)……... Vertisan 1.67EC 1.56 fl oz (B)…….. Priaxor 4.17SC 0.65 fl oz (B)……… Convoy 40 SC 40SC 1.62 fl oz (B)... Prostar 70 WG 70WG 1.04 oz (B)… Convoy 40 SC 40SC 0.38 fl oz + Nubark mancozeb 6DS 0.75 lb (A).. Emesto Silver 1FS 0.31 fl oz + Firbark 0D 0.5 lb (A) Moncoat MZ 7.5DP 0.75 lb (A)…... Treatment Prob (F) a DAP = Days After Planting. c Application dates: A= 24 May (liquid formulations for seed piece application at 0.2 pt); B= 27 May (in-furrow); C= 6 Jun (foliar); D= 7 Jul (foliar). c Values followed by the same letter are not significantly different at p = 0.05 (Fishers LSD). e Stems with greater than 5% of area with stem canker due to Rhizoctonia solani. f Stolons with greater than 5% of area with stolon canker due to Rhizoctonia solani. g Severity of black scurf was measured as an index calculated by counting the number of tubers (n = 20) falling into each class 0 = 0%; 1 = 1 - 5%; 2 = 6 -10%; 3 = 11 - 15; 4 >15% surface area of tuber covered with sclerotia. The number in each class is multiplied by the class number and summed. The sum is multiplied by a constant to express as a percentage. Indices of 0 - 25 represent 0 - 5%; 26 - 50 represent 6 - 10%; 51 - 75 represent 11 - 15% and 75 - 100 >15% surface area covered with sclerotia. 100.0 96.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6.8 g 61.6 bc 78.4 ab 12.9 13.1 11.8 10.6 11.1 10.0 84.7 78.7 88.6 74.8 83.7 82.0 49.6 58.0 73.4 65.0 54.3 69.7 1.7 2.6 1.8 2.3 2.3 1.9 100.0 100.0 0.68 100.0 95.8 100.0 a ab a ab a ab 2.1 1.9 0.16 65.2 58.8 0.64 10.7 13.1 0.21 83.5 75.0 75.8 55.8 58.8 11.1 12.8 13.9 17.2 def 16.0 def 2.8 1.9 2.2 22.2 de a ab 79.5 ab 100.0 100.0 70.4 64.0 76.6 17.3 13.3 63.7 2.4 2.8 e 5.0 b-e 4.9 b-e 5.7 b-e 4.9 b-e 3.9 cde 6.3 b-e 9.7 b 7.8 bcd 5.0 b-e 4.8 b-e e 2.7 3.2 e 8.0 bc 3.9 cde 6.5 b-e 3.3 de 9.5 b 4.2 4.3 cde cde 6.8 b-e 3.9 cde 8.2 bc Funding: MPIC and Industry Evaluation of fungicide programs for potato early blight, brown leaf spot control, Botrytis tan spot and white mold, 2015. N. Rosenzweig, W. W. Kirk, R. Schafer and L. Steere; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 Potatoes (‘Russet Norkotah’, cut seed, treated with Maxim FS at 0.16 fl oz/cwt) were planted at in a grower field, near Constantine, MI (Capac loam soil); 41.8277, -85.6616 deg; elevation 833 ft. on 15 Apr into two-row by 20-ft plots (ca. 10-in between plants to give a target population of 50 plants at 34-in row spacing) replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were irrigated as needed with sprinklers and were hilled immediately before sprays began. All fungicides in this trial were applied on a 7-day interval from 2 Jun to 30 Jul (9 applications) with an ATV rear-mounted R&D spray boom calibrated to deliver 25 gal (80 psi) using three XR11003VS nozzles per row. Potato late blight was prevented from movement into the plots with bi- weekly applications of Previcur N 6SC at 1.2 pt from early canopy closure on 15 Jun to 5 Aug. Weeds were controlled by hilling and with Dual 8E (2 pt on 3 May), Poast 1.5EC (1.5 pt on 13 Jun). Insects were controlled with Admire 2F (20 fl oz at planting), Pounce 3.2EC (8 oz on 22 May), Sevin 80S (1.25 lb on 13 and 29 Jun), and Thiodan 3EC (2.33 pt on13 Jun). Plots were rated visually for combined percentage foliar area affected by early blight and brown leaf spot and Botrytis tan spot on 21, 28 Jul and 5 Aug [6 days after final application (DAFA). The evaluations for early blight and brown leaf spot were combined into a single assessment and also the ratings for all three pathogens were combined for an overall defoliation rating. White mold and bacterial vine rot were measured as percent severity. Vines were killed with Reglone 2EC (1 pt on 1 Sep). Plots were harvested on 18 Sep and tubers from individual treatments were weighed and graded. Meteorological variables were measured with a Campbell weather station located at the farm from 1 Apr to 30 Aug. Average daily air temperature (oF) from 1 Apr was 46.5, 62.5, 66.6, 68.3 and 68.1 and the number of days with maximum temperature >90oF was 0 (Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, respectively). Average daily relative humidity (%) over the same period was 69.8, 73.7, 78.4, 78.4, and 76.4. Average daily soil temperature at 4” depth (oF) over the same period was 45.1, 58.9, 69.3, 73.4, and 71.3. Average daily soil moisture at 4” depth (% of field capacity) over the same period was 25.7, 26.0, 27.0, 26.8, and 21.8. Precipitation was 3.24, 5.52, 6.07, 4.75, and 2.59 in. Plots were irrigated to supplement precipitation to about 0.1 in./4 day period with overhead irrigation. Early blight severity values accumulated from emergence on 1 may to 29 Sep (evaluation date) were 1050 P-days. Weather conditions were cool throughout the spring and summer and not conducive for the development of early blight and brown leaf spot, Botrytis tan spot or white mold and symptoms were not severe for any of the diseases. Early blight, brown leaf spot and Botrytis tan spot developed slowly but steadily during Aug and untreated controls reached about 24.9% foliar infection by 5 Aug after which the vines started to senesce making disease assessment difficult as several diseases were interacting. All treatments had significantly less combined early blight, brown leaf spot and Botrytis tan spot than the untreated control. White mold developed slowly during Aug and untreated controls reached 14.8% foliar area affected on 5 Aug, six days after the final fungicide application was applied. All fungicide programs had significantly lower white mold in comparison to the untreated control. No fungicide programs had significantly less bacterial stem rot in comparison to the untreated control although the levels in the control were low. Treatments with greater than US-1 yield of 349 cwt/A and total yield of 419 cwt/A were significantly different from the untreated control. Phytotoxicity was not noted in any of the treatments. Funding: MPIC and Industry Final foliar severity 112 DAPa (%) Alternaria + Botrytis Combined RAUDPCd 8.1 bc 3.7 e 2.8 c 2.8 c 6.0 b 5.8 cd 3.4 cd 6.5 d 5.0 b 4.1 bc 7.4 cd 0.0 d 7.1 b 13.6 cd 11.5 d Botrytis tan Brown Leaf spot 7.1 b Alternaria + Botrytisc 18.2 bc Spot ab 6.1 Early Blight 4.9 bf Alternaria combinedb 11.3 bc Treatment and rate In-furrow rate/1000 row feet (A) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt (B-He)…………… Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 ptg (BC) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt + Scala 5SC 7 fl oz (D) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt + Luna Tranquility 4.16SC 11.2 fl oz (EFH) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt + Reason 44.4SC 5.5 fl oz (G)……………… Serenade Soil 1.34F 17.6 fl oz (A) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt + Scala 5SC 7 fl oz (D) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt + Luna Tranquility 4.16SC 11.2 fl oz (EFH) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt + Reason 44.4SC 5.5 fl oz (G)…………… Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt* (BCDFH) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt Luna Tranquility 4.16SC 11.2 fl oz (EG) OxiDate 2.0 27L 1 % v/v + AquaSil 100L 0.07 % v/v (B-H)…………. OxiDate 2.0 27L 1 % v/v + Kinetic 90SL 8 fl oz + Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt + Luna Tranquility 4.16SC 11.2 fl oz (B-H). Untreated Check………………………… a DAP= days after planting b Combination of foliar infection due to a combination of early blight [EB (Alternaria solani)] and Brown leaf spot [BLS (A. alternata)] on 5 Aug, 16 days after appearance of initial symptoms of Alternaria spp. c Combination of foliar infection due to a combination of early blight [EB (Alternaria solani)], Brown leaf spot [BLS (A. alternata)] and Botrytis tan spot (Botrytis cinerea) on 5 Aug. d RAUDPC, relative area under the disease progress curve calculated from day of appearance of initial symptoms of the combination of EB, BLS and Botrytis tan spot from 21 Jul to 5 Aug (16 days). e Application dates: A= 15 Apr; B= 2 Jun; C= 9 Jun; D= 16 Jun; E= 23 Jul; F= 1 Jul; G= 8 Jul; H= 15 Jul; I= 23 Jul; J= 30 Jul f Values followed by the same letter are not significantly different at p = 0.05 (Fishers LSD) g All treatments included at Kinetic 90SL 8 fl oz 0.4 d a 15.7 2.4 24.9 5.0 36.8 2.6 11.9 1.9 16.2 2.0 8.6 cd a 5.0 b 7.1 b 1.8 d 7.3 a 21.3 b 10.0 b 14.6 b 6.8 e 3.9 de e a f a e a c a 1.8 e Funding: MPIC and Industry White mold severity (%) 85 Bacterial Vine Rot severity (%) 8/5 Yield (cwt) 4.6 c 402 c 1.4 a Total a 523 US-1 ab 456 104 DAP a 1.2 104 DAPa cc 4.9 Treatment and rate In-furrow rate/1000 row feet (A) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt (B-H)………………. Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt* (BC) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt + Scala 5SC 7 fl oz (D) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt + Luna Tranquility 4.16SC 11.2 fl oz (EFH) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt + Reason 44.4SC 5.5 fl oz (G)……………….. Serenade Soil 1.34F 17.6 fl oz (A) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt + Scala 5SC 7 fl oz (D) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt + Luna Tranquility 4.16SC 11.2 fl oz (EFH) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt + Reason 44.4SC 5.5 fl oz (G)………………. Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt* (BCDFH) Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt Luna Tranquility 4.16SC 11.2 fl oz (EG)…. OxiDate 2.0 27L 1 % v/v + AquaSil 100L 0.07 % v/v (B-H)…………... OxiDate 2.0 27L 1 % v/v + Kinetic 90SL 8 fl oz + Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt + Luna Tranquility 4.16SC 11.2 fl oz (B-H)... Untreated Check…………………………… a DAP= days after planting b Application dates: A= 16 Jul; B= 23 Jul; C= 30 Jul; D= 6 Aug; E= 13 Aug; F= 21 Aug; G= 27 Aug; H= 3 Sep c Values followed by the same letter are not significantly different at p = 0.05 (Fishers LSD) a 465 349 d 3.5 14.8 10.1 ab 421 bc 6.6 bc 523 415 412 c 411 c 1.6 1.2 481 485 a a a a 1.6 a 5.5 c c a 2.5 2.5 ab ab a c 467 b 463 b Funding: MPIC and Industry In-furrow and foliar fluopyram treatments for control of Verticillium wilt of potatoes, 2015. L. Steere, R.L. Schafer, N. Rosenzweig, and W.W. Kirk Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824. In-furrow and foliar combinations of the chemical fluopyram were applied at the Michigan State University Clarksville Research Center (CRC), Clarksville, MI (Capac loam soil); 42.8733, -85.2604 degrees. Potato seed (“FL2137”) was prepared for planting by cutting two days prior to planting. Seed pieces were planted on 27 May into two-row by 25-ft plots (~10-in between plants to give a target population of 60 plants/plot at 34-in row spacing) replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. A 5-ft not-planted alley separated the two-row beds. Fluopyram 4.16SC (11.2 fl oz/A) was applied throughout the season at three different timings. The first timing was at planting, in-furrow (Timing A). A separate foliar application of fluopyram was applied 21 DAP (days after planting) at the same rate as the in- furrow treatment (Timing B). A final foliar treatment, was applied 42 DAP at the same rate (Timing C). Irrigation was applied to each plot immediately after the applications of Timing treatment B and Timing treatment C to allow the chemical to get into the root system. Vydate 3.77SC was applied with each treatment in-furrow (at planting; 34 oz/A), and to foliage at 21 DAP (17 oz/A) and 42 DAP (17 oz/A). In-furrow, at-planting applications of fluopyram and Vydate were delivered in 8 pt water/A in a 7 in. band using a single XR11003VS nozzle at 30 psi. Foliar applications of fluopyram and Vydate were applied with an R&D spray boom delivering 25 gal/A (80 psi) and using three XR11003VS nozzles per row. Fertilizer was drilled into plots before planting, formulated according to results of soil tests. Additional nitrogen (final N 28 lb/A) was applied to the growing crop with irrigation 45 DAP. Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt/A was applied on a seven-day interval, total of eight applications, for foliar disease control. Weeds were controlled by cultivation and with Dual 8E at 2 pt/A 10 DAP, Basagran at 2 pt/A 20 and 40 DAP and Poast at 1.5 pt/A 58 DAP. Insects were controlled with Admire 2F at 1.25 pt/A at planting, Sevin 80S at 1.25 lb/A 31 and 55 DAP, Thiodan 3 EC at 2.33 pt/A 65 and 87 DAP and Pounce 3.2EC at 8 oz/A 48 DAP. Vines were killed with Reglone 2EC (1 pt/A on 1 Oct). Plots (1 x 25-ft row) were harvested on 20 Oct (121 DAP) and individual treatments were weighed and graded. Sampling Soil was sampled on 17 Jun (21 DAP) and 8 Jul (42 DAP) and sent to the MSU Plant Diagnostic Clinic to determine populations of Verticillium dahliae colony forming units (CFUs) in each plot. Similarly, soil was sampled on 27 May (AP), 17 Jun (21 DAP) and 8 Jul (42 DAP) and sent to the MSU Plant Diagnostic Clinic to determine populations of Pratylenchus penetrans (Root-Lesion Nematode (RLN)) in each plot. Potato early die (PED) visual assessment was done on 7 Aug (72 DAP) and 24 Aug (89 DAP) using the following scale: 0=No potato early die seen; 1=Small amounts of yellow and flagging of petioles; 2=Moderate amounts of yellowing and flagging of petioles, some of the the flagged petioles becoming necrotic; 3=Symptomatic plants are start to have stems stand straight up while the rest of the plant is laying down, the upright stems are yellow and petioles are wilted and necrotic; 4=Majority of the plot has upright necrotic stems; 5=Entire plot is necrotic, upright stems are brown and petioles are wilted and necrotic, tuber may have brown speckling throughout the stem-end. Randomly selected samples of 10 Funding: MPIC and Industry tubers per plot were washed and assessed for stem end vascular beading incidence (%) on 19 Nov 2015, 30 days after harvest (151 DAP). Meteorological Data All treatments aside from Timing C alone had a higher percent of emergence when Meteorological variables were measured with a Campbell weather station located at the farm from 1 May to 31 Oct. Average daily air temperature (oF) from May to Oct was 59.3, 63.8, 68.3, 67.3, 64.7 and 49.9 and the number of days with maximum temperature >90oF was 0 (May to Oct). Average daily relative humidity (%) over the same period was 69.4, 73.1, 70.5, 74.1, 71.8 and 73.6. Average daily soil temperature at 4” depth (oF) over the same period was 60.0, 68.2, 73.6, 71.6, 68.9 and 55.9. Precipitation was 4.01, 3.02, 0.29, 3.09, 3.52, and 3.07 in. Plots were irrigated to supplement precipitation to about 0.1 in./4 day period with overhead sprinkle irrigation. Results (Table 1.) compared to the not-treated control indicating that early season treatment with fluopyram has an effect on emergence. No treatment differed significantly from the not-treated control in regards to Verticillium dahliae CFUs at either sample date. Root-lesion nematode (RLN) numbers from treated plots were not significantly different from the not-treated control on 27 May or 17 Jun but all treatments had significantly lower RLN populations compared to the not-treated control on 8 Jul. These RLN population numbers could indicate that plots treated with fluopyram at various times have greater late-season nematode control compared to not-treated control plots. Though late season nematode populations were significantly decreased in all treated plots compared to the not-treated control, no significant differences were observed in potato early die ratings between treatments and the not-treated control on 7 Aug or 24 Aug. No significant differences were seen between treatments and the not treated control in regards to total yield. Timing C alone had a significantly higher percent of tuber vascular discoloration compared to the not- treated control. Soil treatments were not phytotoxic in terms of plant stand, rate of emergence, or marketable yield. Conclusions heavy rainfall throughout the month of June had a negative impact on plot development. Verticillium dahliae and RLN populations were very low throughout the growing season at this sight which contributed to the lack of PED seen in the plot. Though PED was not present in the majority of the plots in this trial, it is important to note the apparent effect of fluopyram on late- season RLN populations. The manufacturers of fluopyram have reason to believe that this chemistry has a significant nematicidal property. Since potato early die is manifested via the conjunction of root-lesion nematodes and V. dahliae, further work needs to be conducted to better determine the meaning of the results found through this trial. Environmental conditions were conducive to Verticillium wilt throughout the state, but Table 1. Effects of in-furrow, at planting, and foliar fluopyram treatments on emergence percent, Verticillium dahliae colony forming units (CFU) in soil, Pratylenchus penetrans numbers in soil, potato early die ratings, yield in hundred-weight per acre, and vascular discoloration of tubers. Funding: MPIC and Industry Timing of Fluopyram Applicationa Not-treated Control Timing A Timing B Timing C Emergence % 87.5 bcg 97.9 a 95.4 a 85.4 c Timing A & B 92.1 abc Timing A & C 97.1 a Timing B & C 94.2 ab Timing A, B & C 93.3 ab Average CFU/10 g of Soil 17 Junb,c Average CFU/10 g of Soil 8 Jul RLNd/100cc Soil 27 May RLN/100cc Soil 17 Jun RLN/100cc Soil 8 Jul PEDe Rating 7 Aug PED Rating 24 Aug Total Yield in CWT/A % VDf in Tubers 3.3 4.8 1.8 3.8 4.0 2.0 3.3 4.8 4.1 2.4 1.2 3.2 3.7 1.6 2.1 3.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.5 1.5 0.3 3.8 a 0.0 c 0.0 c 1.1 b 0.0 c 0.5 bc 0.0 c 0.1 bc 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 2.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 171.0 160.5 106.4 150.1 159.6 132.5 145.7 171.6 40.0 b 30.0 b 50.0 b 70.5 a 30.8 b 40.8 b 50.0 b 40.8 b a In-furrow at planting (Timing A), 21 DAP foliar application (Timing B), 42 DAP foliar application (Timing C) b Soil sampled from each plot and plated on Verticillium dahliae selective media and incubated for 21 days. Work done at MSU Diagnostic Clinic. c CFU=colony forming units seen on selective Verticillium dahliae media dRLN=Root-Lesion Nematode. Work done at MSU Diagnostic Clinic. ePED=Potato Early Die rating using the following scale: 0=No potato early die seen; 1=Small amounts of yellow and flagging of petioles; 2=Moderate amounts of yellowing and flagging of petioles, some of the the flagged petioles becoming necrotic; 3=Symptomatic plants are start to have stems stand straight up while the rest of the plant is laying down, the upright stems are yellow and petioles are wilted and necrotic; 4=Majority of the plot has upright necrotic stems; 5=Entire plot is necrotic, upright stems are brown and petioles are wilted and necrotic, tuber may have brown speckling throughout the stem-end. fVD=Vascular discoloration of the stem end; percentage calculated from 40 tubers g Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (α=0.10, LSD) Funding: MPIC and Industry In-furrow and foliar treatment programs for control of Verticillium wilt of potatoes, 2015. L. Steere, R.L. Schafer, N. Rosenzweig, and W.W. Kirk Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824. In-furrow and foliar combinations of the chemical fluopyram were applied at the Michigan State University Montcalm Research Center (MRC), Entrican, MI (sandy soil); 43.3526, -85.1761 deg; elevation 951 ft. Potato seed (“FL2137”) was prepared for planting by cutting two days prior to planting. Seed pieces were planted on 14 May into two-row by 25-ft plots (~10-in between plants to give a target population of 60 plants/plot at 34-in row spacing) replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. A 5-ft not-planted alley separated the two-row beds. A not-treated control was compared with 7 different treatment programs to compare their efficacy in controlling potato early die (PED). Timings in the trial were in-furrow at planting (Timing A), at 2” emergence (Timing B), and 7 days after 2” emergence (Timing C).The 7 treatments were: Luna Tranquility 4.16SC (11.2 oz/A) at Timing B alone; Luna Tranquility 4.16SC (11.2 oz/A) at Timing C alone; Luna Tranquility 4.16SC (11.2 oz/A) at Timing B and C; Luna Privilege 4.16SC (0.442 oz/1000 row-ft) at timing A followed by Luna Tranquility 4.16SC (11.2 oz/A) at Timings B and C; Seranade ASO 1.34%F (4.16 oz/1000 row- ft) at timing A followed by Luna Tranquility 4.16SC (11.2 oz/A) at Timings B and C; Vydate 3.77SC (2.21 oz/1000 row-ft) at Timing A followed by Luna Tranquility 4.16SC (11.2 oz/A) at Timings B and C; Vydate 3.77SC (17 oz/A) at Timings B and C. Irrigation was applied to each plot immediately after the applications of Timing treatment B and Timing treatment C to allow the chemical to get into the root system. At-planting applications (Timing A) were delivered in 8 pt water/A in a 7 in. band using a single XR11003VS nozzle at 30 psi. Foliar applications of (Timings B and C) were applied with an R&D spray boom delivering 25 gal/A (80 psi) and using three XR11003VS nozzles per row. Fertilizer was drilled into plots before planting, formulated according to results of soil tests. Additional nitrogen (final N 28 lb/A) was applied to the growing crop with irrigation 45 DAP. Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt/A was applied on a seven-day interval, total of eight applications, for foliar disease control. Weeds were controlled by cultivation and with Dual 8E at 2 pt/A 10 DAP, Basagran at 2 pt/A 20 and 40 DAP and Poast at 1.5 pt/A 58 DAP. Insects were controlled with Admire 2F at 1.25 pt/A at planting, Sevin 80S at 1.25 lb/A 31 and 55 DAP, Thiodan 3 EC at 2.33 pt/A 65 and 87 DAP and Pounce 3.2EC at 8 oz/A 48 DAP. Vines were killed with Reglone 2EC (1 pt/A on 1 Sep). Plots (1 x 25-ft row) were harvested on 21 Sep (130 DAP) and individual treatments were weighed and graded. Sampling Soil was sampled on 8 Jun (25 DAP) and 2 Jul (49 DAP) and sent to the MSU Plant Diagnostic Clinic to determine populations of Verticillium dahliae colony forming units (CFUs) in each plot. Similarly, soil was sampled on 14 May (AP), 8 Jun (25 DAP) and 2 Jul (49 DAP) and sent to the MSU Plant Diagnostic Clinic to determine populations of Pratylenchus penetrans (Root-Lesion Nematode (RLN)) in each plot. Unfortunately, RLN were not detected in the plot at any of the sampling times. Potato early die (PED) visual assessment was done on 6 Aug (84 DAP) and 20 Aug (98 DAP) using the following scale: 0=No potato early die seen; 1=Small amounts of yellow and flagging of petioles; 2=Moderate amounts of yellowing and flagging of petioles, some of the the flagged petioles becoming necrotic; 3=Symptomatic plants are start to have stems stand straight up while the rest of the plant is laying down, the upright stems are Funding: MPIC and Industry yellow and petioles are wilted and necrotic; 4=Majority of the plot has upright necrotic stems; 5=Entire plot is necrotic, upright stems are brown and petioles are wilted and necrotic, tuber may have brown speckling throughout the stem-end. Tubers out of the field were taken to the MSU Chip Lab and fried to determine an SFA Chip Score (Snack Food Association Scale (Out of the field); Ratings: 1-5; 1: Excellent, 5: Poor). Randomly selected samples of 10 tubers per plot were washed and assessed for stem end vascular beading incidence (%) on 20 Oct, 30 days after harvest (150 DAP). Meteorological Data No treatment differed significantly from the not-treated control in emergence. No Meteorological variables were measured with a Campbell weather station located at the farm from 1 May to 30 Sep. Average daily air temperature (oF) from May to Sep was 59.1, 64.7, 68.1, 67.4, and 65.4 and the number of days with maximum temperature >90oF was 0, 0, 0, 0, and 1. Average daily relative humidity (%) over the same period was 71.6, 73.7, 73.0, 77.0, and 76.6. Average daily soil temperature at 4” depth (oF) over the same period was 60.1, 69.3, 73.8, 70.7, and 66.6. Precipitation was 2.96, 4.79, 1.72, 2.42, and 3.90 in. Plots were irrigated to supplement precipitation to about 0.1 in./4 day period with overhead sprinkle irrigation. Results (Table 1.) treatment differed significantly from the not-treated control in regards to Verticillium dahliae CFUs at either sample date. Root-lesion nematode (RLN) populations were not found in the plots at the times sampled. Luna Tranquility at Timing B and Vydate at Timings B and C had significantly lower PED Ratings compared to the not-treated control on 6 Aug. Luna Tranquility at Timing B, Luna Tranquility at Timings B and C, Luna Privilege at Timing A followed by Luna Tranquility at Timings B and C, and Vydate at Timings B and C had significantly lower PED ratings compared to the not-treated control on 20 Aug. Luna Tranquility at Timing C, Seranade ASO at Timing A followed by Luna Tranquility at Timings B and C, and Vydate at Timings B and C had significantly lower US #1 yield compared to the not-treated control. No treatment had significantly different B size yields compared to the not-treated control. Luna Tranquility at Timing C alone had significantly lower percentage of tubers with vascular discoloration compared with the not-treated control. Luna Privilege at Timing A followed by Luna Tranquility at Timings B and C and Serenade ASO at Timing A followed by Luna Tranquility at Timings B and C had significantly higher SFA Chip Scores compared to the not- treated control. Conclusions heavy rainfall throughout the month of June had a negative impact on plot development. Verticillium dahliae populations were low to moderate throughout the growing season at this sight but differences between plots in PED ratings indicate that levels were sufficient to cause disease. Lack of RLN populations is most likely attributed to sampling technique. Luna Tranquility as a foliar treatment at Timing B does seem to have an impact on PED. The manufacturers of Luna Tranquility have reason to believe that one of the chemistries in the product has a significant nematicidal property. Since potato early die is manifested via the conjunction of root-lesion nematodes and V. dahliae, further work needs to be conducted to better determine the meaning of the results found through this trial. Environmental conditions were conducive to Verticillium wilt throughout the state, but Table 1. Effects of in-furrow, at planting, and foliar treatments on emergence percent, Verticillium dahliae colony forming units (CFU) in soil, potato early die ratings, marketable yield in hundred-weight per acre, vascular discoloration of tubers, and SFA chip score. Funding: MPIC and Industry Treatment Application Timinga Emergence % Average CFU/10g of Soilbc 8 Jun Average CFU/10g of Soil 2 Jul PEDd Rating 6 Aug PED Rating 20 Aug US #1 Yield in CWT/A B Size Yield in CWT/A Not-treated Control Luna Tranquility Luna Tranquility Luna Tranquility Luna Privilege Luna Tranquility Serenade ASO Luna Tranquility Vydate Luna Tranquility Vydate B C B & C A B & C A B & C A B & C B & C 99.6 94.0 98.7 98.5 98.6 96.9 95.2 98.6 24.0 abg 18.8 ab 15.5 b 15.3 b 20.3 ab 19.5 ab 31.8 a 22.8 ab 24.3 ab 2.8 ab 4.0 a 311.2 ab 32.9 ab 26.5 ab 20.5 b 2.0 c 3.0 a 3.3 bc 3.5 ab 318.2 ab 256.7 d 30.3 ab 2.5 abc 3.3 bc 317.3 ab 40.0 a 2.5 abc 3.3 bc 297.3 abc 36.3 ab 2.5 abc 3.8 ab 287.5 bcd 26.3 ab 3.0 a 3.5 ab 257.7 cd 25.0 ab 2.3 bc 2.8 c 328.4 a 40.6 a 40.3 a 24.3 b 39.7 a 35.1 a 37.8 a 41.2 a % VDe in Tubers 63.0 abc 70.0 a 33.0 d SFA Chip Scoref 1.88 c 1.88 c 2.38 abc 65.0 ab 2.00 bc 43.0 bcd 2.75 a 40.0 cd 2.63 ab 43.0 bcd 2.00 bc 55.0 abcd 2.00 bc a In-furrow at planting (Timing A), 2” Emergence (Timing B), 7 Days after 2” Emergence (Timing C) b Soil sampled from each plot and plated on Verticillium dahliae selective media and incubated for 21 days. Work done at MSU Diagnostic Clinic. c CFU=colony forming units seen on selective Verticillium dahliae media dPED=Potato Early Die rating using the following scale: 0=No potato early die seen; 1=Small amounts of yellow and flagging of petioles; 2=Moderate amounts of yellowing and flagging of petioles, some of the the flagged petioles becoming necrotic; 3=Symptomatic plants are start to have stems stand straight up while the rest of the plant is laying down, the upright stems are yellow and petioles are wilted and necrotic; 4=Majority of the plot has upright necrotic stems; 5=Entire plot is necrotic, upright stems are brown and petioles are wilted and necrotic, tuber may have brown speckling throughout the stem-end eVD=Vascular discoloration of the stem end; percentage calculated from 40 tubers fSFA Chip Score: Snack Food Association Scale (Out of the field); Ratings: 1-5; 1: Excellent, 5: Poor g Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (α=0.10, LSD) Seed treatments for control of seed-borne Phytophthora infestans (US-23 genotype) in a range of cultivars and advanced breeding lines, 2015. S. Mambetova, R. L. Schafer, S. Dangi, L. Steere, N. Rosenzweig and W. W. Kirk Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824. Field trial: Five commercial potato cultivars (Atlantic, Snowden, Russet Norkotah, Missaukee and Jacqueline Lee), and nine advanced breeding lines (ABL) from the Michigan State University Potato Breeding and Genetics Program were tested in field and growth chamber trials. In the field potato tubers were cut, into two or three sections longitudinally (depending on the size of tuber) ensuring the presence of viable sprouts on each seed-piece. The cut seed pieces were immersed in a mixture of mycelium and zoospores of Phytophthora infestans [US-23 biotype (sensitive to mefenoxam, A1 mating type)] for 30 min then dried for 1 h prior to treating with fungicides. Three fungicides Nubark Mancozeb, Reason and Emesto Silver were used in this experiment. Treatments applied to seed pieces were (i) non-inoculated, (ii) inoculated, (iii) inoculated with fungicides. Treated seed pieces were planted the following day at the Michigan State University Horticultural Experimental Station, Clarksville, MI (Capac loam soil); 42.8733, -85.2604 deg; elevation 895 ft. on 28 May into two-row by 10-ft plots (ca. 10-in between plants to give a target population of 10 plants at 34-in row spacing) replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were irrigated as needed with sprinklers and were hilled immediately before sprays began. Weeds were controlled by hilling and with Dual 8E (2 pt on 5 Jun), Poast (1.5 pt on 17 Jul). Insects were controlled with Admire 2F (20 fl oz at planting), Sevin 80S (1.25 lb on 17 and 31 Jul), Thiodan 3EC (2.33 pt on14 Aug) and Pounce 3.2EC (8 oz on 17 Jul). The number of emerged plants was recorded over a 42-day period after planting, final plant stand (%) and the relative area under the emergence progress curve (RAUEPC) was calculated. The RAUEPC was calculated by dividing the AUEPC by the maximum AUEPC (100 X duration of emergence period) from planting to full emergence. Meteorological variables were measured with a Campbell weather station located at the farm from 1 May to 31 Oct. Average daily air temperature (oF) from Jun to Oct was 59.3, 63.8, 68.3, 67.3, 64.7 and 49.9 and the number of days with maximum temperature >90oF was 0 (May to Oct). Average daily relative humidity (%) over the same period was 69.4, 73.1, 70.5, 74.1, 71.8 and 73.6. Average daily soil temperature at 4” depth (oF) over the same period was 60.0, 68.2, 73.6, 71.6, 68.9 and 55.9. Average daily soil moisture at 4” depth (% of field capacity) over the same period was 35.6, 36.6, 32.7, 35.7, 37.1, and 35.8. Precipitation was 4.01, 3.02, 0.29, 3.09, 3.52, and 3.07 in. Results: Data was analyzed using ANOVA separated using mean separation with Tukey’s HSD test. Late blight developed in seed pieces and affected plant stands in all treatments. No treatments achieved 100% emergence including the non-inoculated non-treated control. The non- inoculated non-treated control had greater plant stand (78.8%) in comparison to all other treatments. Tubers inoculated with Nubark Mancozeb (NM) (68.1%), Reason+NM (67.9%) and Emesto Silver+NM (65.8%) had significantly greater plant stand compare to the inoculated control. The inoculated control treatment was significantly reduced stand compared to all four treatments (24.0%) (Table 1). The RAEUPC values were comparable to final plant stand. The non-inoculated non-treated control had a greater RAUEPC value (42.5) in comparison to all other treatments. The Nubark Mancozeb treatment had an RAUEPC value of 36.8 and was not statistically significant from non-inoculated non-treated control. Reason+NM and Emesto Silver+NM had RAUEPC values of 35.3 and 34.6, respectively and were significantly lower from non-inoculated and non-treated control. The inoculated control had an RAUEPC value of 12.0 and was significantly lower to all other treatments (Table 1). Growth chamber trial: The same cultivars and ABL were used for a growth chamber trial. Tuber inoculations with Phytophthora infestans [US-23 biotype (sensitive to mefenoxam, A1 mating type)] were done using colonized agar plugs inserted into tubers, and a non-colonized agar as a control. A total of 20 potato tubers from each cultivar/ABL were placed in 5lb mesh bags and replicated four times consisting 5 tubers in each replication. Tubers were incubated in plastic boxes lined with wet paper towel at 15°C in an environmental control chamber for 30 days. After 30 days, disease incidence was evaluated using digital scanner and image analysis software. The severity of tuber blight development represented by tissue darkening and relative average reflection intensity (RARI) was calculated. RARI (%) = (1-mean ARI treatment/mean ARI control) x 100; % RARI has a minimum value of zero (no darkening) and maximum value of 100 (tuber surface completely darkened). Results: Data was analyzed using ANOVA and treatments separated using mean separation with Tukey’s HSD test. The results indicated that severity of tuber blight between cultivars and breeding lines were significant. The overall results showed that the most susceptible cultivar was Russet Norkotah. Among breeding lines and commercial cultivars eight of them had significantly lower tuber blight severity compared to Russet Norkotah (Table 2). Final Plant Stand (%) 76.0 aa 75.5 ab 74.0 ab 73.0 ab 70.5 abc 70.0 abc 65.5 abc 64.5 abc 56.0 abcd 53.0 bcd 49.0 cd 39.0 de 26.0 e RAUEPC (%)b 42.6 aa 37.9 ab 40.6 ab 38.6 ab 38.8 ab 35.7 abcd 38.5 ab 36.4 abc 27.9 bcde 25.0 cdef 22.9 def 19.2 ef 15.0 e Final Plant Stand (Treatments) (%) Non-inoculated check 78.8 a Nubark Mancozeb (NM) 68.1 ab 67.9 ab Reason/NM 65.8 b Emesto Silver/NM Inoculated check 24.0 c Table 1. Effect of seed treatments for control of seed-borne Phytophthora infestans (US-23) in different potato cultivars and advanced breeding lines (ABL), 2015 plant stand (%), relative area under emergence progress curve values (RAUEPC 0-100). Variety/ABL MSV235-2PY MSS576-5SPL MSS206-2 Missaukee MSS176-1 MSL211-3 Snowden MSS428-2 MSQ131-A MSS487-2 Jacqueline lee Russet Norkotah Atlantic Variety/ABL MSV235-2PY MSS576-5SPL MSS206-2 Missaukee MSS176-1 MSL211-3 Snowden MSS428-2 MSQ131-A MSS487-2 Jacqueline lee 19.2 Atlantic a Values followed by the same letter are not significantly different at p = 0.05 (Least Square Means Tukey HSD). b Relative area under the emergence progress curve measured from planting to 42 days after planting. RAUEPC (Treatments) (%) 42.5 a Non-inoculated check Nubark Mancozeb (NM) 36.8 ab 35.3 b Reason/NM 34.6 b Emesto Silver/NM Inoculated check 12.0 c Table 2. Effect of tuber tissue late blight as mean Relative Area Reflection Intensity (RARI%) in different potato cultivars and advanced breeding lines (ABL) after inoculation with US-23 genotypes of Phytophthora infestans. Variety/ABL Russet Norkotah MSS576-5SPL MST145-2 MSL211-3 Missaukee MSS487-2 MSQ131-A Snowden Atlantic Jacqueline Lee MSV235-2PY MSS428-2 MSS176-1 MSS206-2 a Normalized tuber tissue darkening score expressed as RARI (%) = (1-mean ARI treatment/mean ARI control) x 100; % RARI has a minimum value of zero (no darkening) and maximum value of 100 (tuber surface completely darkened). b Values followed by the same letter are not significantly different at p = 0.05 (Least Square Means Tukey HSD). Mean RARI (%)a 25.98 22.45 16.95 16.70 15.29 14.01 11.97 11.95 11.68 11.03 10.03 9.02 6.94 5.35 ab ab abc abc bcd bcd cd cd cd cd cd cd d d Crop rotations for enhancing soil health, plant health, and disease management in potato production N. Rosenzweig, W. Kirk, L. Steere, A. Chomas, C. Long, R. Schafer, and K. Steinke Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences; MSU A long-term potato crop management experimental research trial was established at MSU’s Montcalm Research Center (Figures 1 and 2). A randomized complete split-block design with four replications (4-row 50 ft plots) was used and treatment plots consist of the following crop rotations: 1) Potato (2013-16); 2) Corn (2013), Potato (2014), Corn (2015) and Potato (2016); 3) Corn (2013-14) and Potato (2015) and Corn (2016); and 4) Corn (2013-2015) and Potato (2016). The split-block included organic and inorganic fertilizer treatments (Table 1). All management practices (irrigation, fertilization, insects, weeds, nematodes, and disease control) were according to conventional grower practices. Agronomic metrics of crop health such as plant stand, final yield quantity, quality and tuber health were measured. Potato crops were harvested and individual treatments were weighed and graded. Tubers were assessed for scab. Potato petiole where sampled twice during the growing season. Bulk and rhizosphere soil was sampled pre-planting and two times during the growing season from the potato and corn plots for each treatment, and transported immediately to the laboratory on ice. Experimental field trials Rosenzweig, MPIC Funding Report FY15 The study was conducted on a sandy loam soil at the Michigan State University Montcalm Potato Research Farm, Entrican at 10-inch spacing and 34-inch rows (Figures 1 and 2). The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with four replications. Individual plots were 12 ft. wide by 50 ft. in length and planted with the potato (Solanum tuberosum) and corn (Zea mays) cultivar “Snowden” and variety “DKC 48-12” respectively. The organic amendments were a stand-alone nutrient source to provide up to 250 lbs N (Table 1). The inorganic fertility program used a combination of urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium sulfate-nitrate to provide up to 250 lbs N at 3 application timings of pre-plant incorporated, emergence, and hilling. Plot harvest was from 50 feet from one plot row. The inorganic fertilizer treatments receive starter fertilizer banded on both sides of the seed piece and two inches away from seed pieces. Foliar applications of Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt/A was applied on a seven-day interval, total of eight applications, for foliar disease control with a R&D spray boom delivering 25 gal/A (80 psi) and using three XR11003VS nozzles per row. Weeds were controlled by cultivation and with Dual 8E at 2 pt/A 10 DAP, Basagran at 2 pt/A 20 and 40 days after planting (DAP) and Poast at 1.5 pt/A 58 DAP. Insects were controlled with Admire 2F at 1.25 pt/A at planting, Sevin 80S at 1.25 lb/A 31 and 55 DAP, Thiodan 3 EC at 2.33 pt/A 65 and 87 DAP and Pounce 3.2EC at 8 oz/A 48 DAP. Vines were killed with Reglone 2EC (1 pt/A on 6 Sep). Plots (1 x 50-ft row) were harvested on 15 Sept and individual treatments were weighed and graded. Soil samples were taken prior to planting, Jul 1 (15 days after emergence [DAE]), and 20 Aug (83 DAE). Potato petiole samples were taken on Jul 17 (30 DAE) and Aug 13 (60 DAE). Potato tubers were harvested, graded, culled and internal defects were noted. Tuber numbers for each group and weights (CWT) were recorded. Severity of common scab was measured as surface area affected (1=1 lesion to 1%; 2= 1.1-10%; 3=10.1-20%; 4= 20.1-30%; 5= > 50% surface area). Data was analyzed using ANOVA and treatments separated using mean separation with Fisher’s Protected LSD. Meteorological variables were measured with a Campbell weather station located at the farm from 1 May to the end of Sept. Average daily air temperature (oF) from 10 June was 66.0, 66.1, 65.2, and 65.4 and the number of days with maximum temperature >90oF was 0, 0, 0, 0 and 0 (May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, respectively). Average daily relative humidity (%) over the same period was 71.6, 73.7, 70.5, 74.9 and 76.6%. Average daily soil temperature at 4” depth (oF) over the same period was 63.2, 72.1, 69.7, 70.5, and 62.6. Precipitation (in.) over the same period was 0.98, 4.79, 1.72, 2.42, and 3.90. Plots were irrigated to supplement precipitation to about 0.1 in./A/4 day period with overhead sprinkle irrigation. potato inorganic fertility program (Table 1). Similarly at 60 DAE, Ca ppm was significantly higher the back-to- back potato inorganic treatment compared to the potato following corn organic treatment (Table 1). Based on petiole sampling at 60 DAE ppm B and Zn was significantly higher in potato following corn in inorganic Based on petiole sampling at 30 DAE Mn and Zn ppm was significantly higher in the back-to-back Rosenzweig, MPIC Funding Report FY15 fertility programs compared to the organic back-to-back organic and inorganic potato following corn fertility treatments, and percent S in the organic potato following corn fertility treatment was significantly lower compared to the back-to-back potato organic fertility treatment (Table 1). Moreover at 60 DAE Zn ppm was significantly higher in both organic fertility treatments compared to both inorganic fertility treatments (Table 1). Finally scab severity was significantly lower in the organic potato following corn fertility treatment compared to the inorganic back-to-back potato fertility treatment (Table 1). Scab severity was significantly lower in organic corn potato rotation lots (Table 1). Laboratory experiments Soil was sampled from the plots for each treatment described above three times during the season (pre- planting, emergence and prior to vine kill), and transported immediately to the laboratory on ice. 0.5 grams of soil from each sample will be used for DNA extraction, using the Mo Bio 101 DNA extraction kit (Mo Bio Laboratories Inc., Carlsbad, CA). Three soil samples per plot, consisting of three soil cores (240 DNAs in total) were used for DNA sequence analyses. Subsequent to DNA extraction quantity and quality was assessed using a NanoDrop ND-2000c spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Wilmington, DE). Soil genomic DNA was used for PCR amplification of the 16S variable regions and samples were sequenced by the Illumina paired-end technique using the previously described protocol (3) with slight modifications for total bacterial community analysis. PCR products were separated on 1% (w/v) agarose gel in 0.5×TBE stained with GelRed Nucleic Acid Stain (Phenix Research Products, Chandler, NC) by electrophoresis and visualized by UV exposure using the Gel Doc 2000 apparatus (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) (Figures 3-5). Total environmental genomic DNA from the soil sample was used as a template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Preparation of amplicons and library construction was performed according to the previously described standard operating procedure (SOP) protocol (4). Amplicon libraries were submitted to the Michigan State University Research and Technology Support Facility (RTSF) for next-generation sequencing on the MiSeq Illumina platform (San Diego, CA). The resulting sequence data were analyzed using the previously described SOP analysis pipeline (4) with the mother v.1.33.0 software package (5). An additional phylotype assignment was determined by analysis of processed sequence data using the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) 16S rRNA gene training set (version 9) (1, 2). Bacterial diversity was significantly higher early in the season in bulk soil from corn potato rotation with an inorganic fertility program and rhizosphere soil from the corn potato rotation with an organic fertility program (Table 1). Bacterial diversity was significantly lower late in the season in rhizosphere soil from both organic and inorganic back-to-back potato fertility programs, and corn potato rotation inorganic fertility programs (Table 1). Literature cited 1. Cole, J., Wang, Q., Cardenas, E., Fish, J., Chai, B., Farris, R., Kulam-Syed-Mohideen, A., McGarrell, D., Marsh, T., and Garrity, G. 2009. The Ribosomal Database Project: improved alignments and new tools for rRNA analysis. Nucleic acids research 37:D141–D145. Cole, J. R., Wang, Q., Chai, B., and Tiedje, J. M. 2011. The Ribosomal Database Project: sequences and software for high-throughput rRNA analysis. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ. Kozich, J. J., Westcott, S. L., Baxter, N. T., Highlander, S. K., and Schloss, P. D. 2013. Development of a dual-index sequencing strategy and curation pipeline for analyzing amplicon sequence data on the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Kozich, J. J., Westcott, S. L., Baxter, N. T., Highlander, S. K., and Schloss, P. D. 2013. Development of a dual-index sequencing strategy and curation pipeline for analyzing amplicon sequence data on the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79:5112-5120. Schloss, P. D., Westcott, S. L., Ryabin, T., Hall, J. R., Hartmann, M., Hollister, E. B., Lesniewski, R. A., Oakley, B. B., Parks, D. H., Robinson, C. J., Sahl, J. W., Stres, B., Thallinger, G. G., Van Horn, D. J., and Weber, C. F. 2009. Introducing mothur: Open Source, Platform-independent, Community-supported Software for Describing and Comparing Microbial Communities Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:7537- 7754. 2. 3. 4. 5. Rosenzweig, MPIC Funding Report FY15 Figure 1. Aerial image of rotational potato crop management experimental research trial at MSU Montcalm Potato Research Center Figure 2. Long-term rotational potato crop management experimental research trial at MSU Montcalm Potato Research Center Rosenzweig, MPIC Funding Report FY15 Table 1. Summary of results from long-term rotational potato crop management experimental research trial at Michigan State University Montcalm Potato Research Center Rate SPADd NO3N % P % K % Ca % Mg % S % Zn ppm Mn ppm 30 DAEb, c Treatment a Potatoes, PPPP Inorganic MAP 11-52-0 120 lb ai/A K2O 0-0-62 150 lb ai/A AS 21-0-0-24 66 lb ai/A Urea 46-0-0 134 lb ai/A Potatoes, PPPP Organic Herbrucks 2 ton/A AS 21-0-0-24 40 lb ai/A Urea 46-0-0 80 lb ai/A Potatoes, CPCP Inorganic Urea 46-0-0 Urea 46-0-0 Potatoes, CPCP Organic Herbrucks Urea 46-0-0 Corn, CCPC Inorganic Urea 46-0-0 Urea 46-0-0 Corn, CCPC Organic Herbrucks Urea 46-0-0 Corn, CCCP Inorganic Urea 46-0-0 Urea 46-0-0 75 lb ai/A 120 lb ai/A 2 ton/A 85 lb ai/A 75 lb ai/A 120 lb ai/A 2 ton/A 85 lb ai/A 75 lb ai/A 120 lb ai/A Corn, CCCP Organic Herbrucks Urea 46-0-0 2 ton/A 85 lb ai/A 39.38 a 1.04 a 0.39 a 10.80 a 0.75 0.26 a 0.25 a 35.50 a 171.50 a 41.40 a 1.60 a 0.36 a 10.33 b 0.89 0.39 a 0.28 a 31.25 b 81.25 c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.45 a 1.27 a 0.38 a 9.52 d 0.88 0.36 a 0.24 a 32.00 b 110.75 b 42.63 a 1.54 a 0.39 a 9.92 c 0.92 0.42 a 0.26 a 32.00 b 76.00 c . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - aRotation treatments included: 1) Potato (2013-16); 2) Corn (2013), Potato (2014), Corn (2015) and Potato (2016); 3) Corn (2013-14) and Potato (2015) and Corn (2016); and 4) Corn (2013-2015) and Potato (2016). bDAE=days after emergance. cMeans followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.10, LSD). dSPAD=soil plant analysis development measured by chlorophyll meter indicating leaf color. Table 1. Continued Rate Cu ppm B ppm Al ppm Fe ppm Na % 30 DAEb, c Total Yield CWT Specific Gravity Bulk Soil (early) Diversity (Inverse Simpson)d Bulk Soil Rhizosphere Soil (early) (late) Rhizosphere Soil (late) Rosenzweig, MPIC Funding Report FY15 Treatment a Potatoes, PPPP Inorganic MAP 11-52-0 120 lb ai/A K2O 0-0-62 150 lb ai/A AS 21-0-0-24 66 lb ai/A Urea 46-0-0 134 lb ai/A Potatoes, PPPP Organic Herbrucks 2 ton/A AS 21-0-0-24 40 lb ai/A Urea 46-0-0 80 lb ai/A Potatoes, CPCP Inorganic Urea 46-0-0 Urea 46-0-0 Potatoes, CPCP Organic Herbrucks Urea 46-0-0 Corn, CCPC Inorganic Urea 46-0-0 Urea 46-0-0 Corn, CCPC Organic Herbrucks Urea 46-0-0 Corn, CCCP Inorganic Urea 46-0-0 Urea 46-0-0 75 lb ai/A 120 lb ai/A 2 ton/A 85 lb ai/A 75 lb ai/A 120 lb ai/A 2 ton/A 85 lb ai/A 75 lb ai/A 120 lb ai/A Corn, CCCP Organic Herbrucks Urea 46-0-0 2 ton/A 85 lb ai/A 6.97 a 28.75 a 29.25 a 94.50 a 0.01 a 422.1 a 1.07 a 273.1 abcd 284.8 abcd 241.5 cde 188.2 ef 7.49 a 28.50 a 21.00 a 89.50 a 0.01 a 441.0 a 1.08 a 309.5 abc 285.7 abcd 253.9 cde 197.9 ef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.94 a 28.25 a 33.00 a 89.50 a 0.01 a 345.7 a 1.07 a 342.3 a 269.5 bcd 223.2 def 187.4 ef 8.64 a 28.00 a 31.75 a 93.25 a 0.01 a 462.2 a 1.08 a 328.8 ab 334.1ab 167.9 f 250.7 cde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aRotation treatments included: 1) Potato (2013-16); 2) Corn (2013), Potato (2014), Corn (2015) and Potato (2016); 3) Corn (2013-14) and Potato (2015) and Corn (2016); and 4) Corn (2013-2015) and Potato (2016). bDAE=days after Emergence. cMeans followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.10, LSD) dMean comparison among treatments and sampling time, means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.05 Tukey’s HSD) Table 1. Continued Rosenzweig, MPIC Funding Report FY15 Rate SPADd NO3N % P % K % Ca % Mg % S % Zn ppm 60 DAEb,c Treatment a Potatoes, PPPP Inorganic MAP 11-52-0 120 lb ai/A K2O 0-0-62 150 lb ai/A AS 21-0-0-24 66 lb ai/A Urea 46-0-0 134 lb ai/A Potatoes, PPPP Organic Herbrucks 2 ton/A AS 21-0-0-24 40 lb ai/A Urea 46-0-0 80 lb ai/A Corn, CPCP Inorganic Urea 46-0-0 Urea 46-0-0 Corn, CPCP Organic Herbrucks Urea 46-0-0 Corn, CCPC Inorganic Urea 46-0-0 Urea 46-0-0 Corn, CCPC Organic Herbrucks Urea 46-0-0 Corn, CCCP Inorganic Urea 46-0-0 Urea 46-0-0 75 lb ai/A 120 lb ai/A 2 ton/A 85 lb ai/A 75 lb ai/A 120 lb ai/A 2 ton/A 85 lb ai/A 75 lb ai/A 120 lb ai/A Corn, CCCP Organic Herbrucks Urea 46-0-0 2 ton/A 85 lb ai/A 38.35 a 0.80 a 0.21 a 8.09 a 1.31 a 0.85 a 0.28 a 36.00 a 38.85 a 0.99 a 0.23 a 7.05 a 1.45 a 0.99 a 0.32 a 27.75 c . . . . 37.70 a 0.66 a 36.30 b 0.61 a . - . - . . 0.27 a 0.26 a . - . . 6.63 a 6.31 a . - . . 1.34 a 1.40 a . - - - 0.88 a 0.70 a . - - - 0.29 0.32 . - - - 31.75 b 29.00 bc . - aRotation treatments included in trial were: 1) Potato (2013-16); 2) Corn (2013), Potato (2014), Corn (2015) and Potato (2016); 3) Corn (2013-14) and Potato (2015) and Corn (2016); and 4) Corn (2013-2015) and Potato (2016). bDAE=days after emergence. cMeans followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.10, LSD) dSPAD=soil plant analysis development measured by chlorophyll meter indicating leaf color Table 1. Continued Rosenzweig, MPIC Funding Report FY15 Rate Mn ppm Fe ppm Cu ppm B ppm Al ppm Na % Scab Incidence Scab Severitye % Emergence Yield (BU/A) 60 DAEb, c 122 DAPd Treatment a Potatoes, PPPP Inorganic MAP 11-52-0 120 lb ai/A K2O 0-0-62 150 lb ai/A AS 21-0-0-24 66 lb ai/A Urea 46-0-0 134 lb ai/A Potatoes, PPPP Organic Herbrucks 2 ton/A AS 21-0-0-24 40 lb ai/A Urea 46-0-0 80 lb ai/A Corn, CPCP Inorganic Urea 46-0-0 Urea 46-0-0 Corn, CPCP Organic Herbrucks Urea 46-0-0 Corn, CCPC Inorganic Urea 46-0-0 Urea 46-0-0 Corn, CCPC Organic Herbrucks Urea 46-0-0 Corn, CCCP Inorganic Urea 46-0-0 Urea 46-0-0 75 lb ai/A 120 lb ai/A 2 ton/A 85 lb ai/A 75 lb ai/A 120 lb ai/A 2 ton/A 85 lb ai/A 75 lb ai/A 120 lb ai/A Corn, CCCP Organic Herbrucks Urea 46-0-0 2 ton/A 85 lb ai/A 516.25 a 110.75 a 7.25 a 32.00 a 15.75 a 0.02 a 73.7 a 47.2 ab 80.3 a 226.50 c 112.00 a 6.00 a 31.25 ab 17.25 a 0.02 a 92.5 a 59.6 a 80.0 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - 230.7 a. 212.0 a 305.00 b 105.75 a 8.25 a 29.75 b 11.00 a 0.02 a 82.5 a 41.8 b 85.3 a 150.00 d 112.25 a 7.50 a 32.50 a 29.00 a 0.02 a 83.8 a 39.6 b 83.8 a . . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - 245.7 a 228.4 a aRotation treatments included in trial were: 1) Potato (2013-16); 2) Corn (2013), Potato (2014), Corn (2015) and Potato (2016); 3) Corn (2013-14) and Potato (2015) and Corn (2016); and 4) Corn (2013-2015) and Potato (2016). bDAE=days after emergence. cMeans followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.10, LSD) dDAP=days after planting eSeverity of common scab was measured as surface area affected (1=1 lesion to 1%; 2= 1.1-10%; 3=10.1-20%; 4= 20.1-30%; 5= > 50% surface area) Rosenzweig, MPIC Funding Report FY15 Effect of soil fumigants on potato soilborne disease management: 2015 N. Rosenzweig, W. Kirk, C. Long, R. Schafer, and L. Steere Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences; Michigan State University A potato crop soil fumigation disease management experimental research trial was established at MSU’s Montcalm Research Center (Figure 1). A randomized complete block design with six replications (4-row 50 ft plots) was used and treatment plots consisted of the following: 1) Untreated Check; 2) Vapam 45 gal/a; 3) Dominus 20 gal/a; 4) PicPlus 98 lb/a; 5) PicPlus 116 lb/a; and 6) PicPlus 140 lb/a (Table 1). All management practices (irrigation, fertilization, insects, weeds, nematodes, and disease control) were according to conventional grower practices. Agronomic metrics of crop health such as plant stand, final yield quantity, quality and tuber health were measured. Potato crops were harvested and individual treatments were weighed and graded. Foliage and plants were evaluated for potato early die severity. Tubers were assessed for scab. The study was conducted on a sandy loam soil at the Michigan State University Montcalm Potato Research Farm, Entrican at 10-inch spacing and 34-inch rows (Figures 1). The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with four replications. Individual plots were 12 ft. wide by 50 ft. in length and planted with the potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar “Snowden”. Foliar applications of Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt/A was applied on a seven-day interval, total of eight applications, for foliar disease control with a R&D spray boom delivering 25 gal/A (80 psi) and using three XR11003VS nozzles per row. Weeds were controlled by cultivation and with Dual 8E at 2 pt/A 10 DAP, Basagran at 2 pt/A 20 and 40 days after planting (DAP) and Poast at 1.5 pt/A 58 DAP. Insects were controlled with Admire 2F at 1.25 pt/A at planting, Sevin 80S at 1.25 lb/A 31 and 55 DAP, Thiodan 3 EC at 2.33 pt/A 65 and 87 DAP and Pounce 3.2EC at 8 oz/A 48 DAP. Vines were killed with Reglone 2EC (1 pt/A on 6 Sep). Plots (1 x 50-ft row) were harvested on 28 Sept and individual treatments were weighed and graded. Potato tubers were harvested, graded, culled and internal defects were noted. Tuber numbers for each group and weights (CWT) were recorded. Severity of common scab was measured as surface area affected (1=1 lesion to 1%; 2= 1.1-10%; 3=10.1-20%; 4= 20.1-30%; 5= > 50% surface area). Potato early die (PED) visual assessment was done on 6 Aug (84 DAP) and 20 Aug (98 DAP) using the following scale: 0=No potato early die seen; 1=Small amounts of yellow and flagging of petioles; 2=Moderate amounts of yellowing and flagging of petioles, some of the the flagged petioles becoming necrotic; 3=Symptomatic plants are start to have stems stand straight up while the rest of the plant is laying down, the upright stems are yellow and petioles are wilted and necrotic; 4=Majority of the plot has upright necrotic stems; 5=Entire plot is necrotic, upright stems are brown and petioles are wilted and necrotic, tuber may have brown speckling throughout the stem-end. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and differences among treatments were determined using mean separation with Fisher’s Protected LSD. Meteorological Data Meteorological variables were measured with a Campbell weather station located at the farm from 1 May to the end of Sept. Average daily air temperature (oF) from 10 June was 66.0, 66.1, 65.2, and 65.4 and the number of days with maximum temperature >90oF was 0, 0, 0, 0 and 0 (May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, respectively). Average daily relative humidity (%) over the same period was 71.6, 73.7, 70.5, 74.9 and 76.6%. Average daily soil temperature at 4” depth (oF) over the same period was 63.2, 72.1, 69.7, 70.5, and 62.6. Precipitation (in.) over the same period was 0.98, 4.79, 1.72, 2.42, and 3.90. Plots were irrigated to supplement precipitation to about 0.1 in./A/4 day period with overhead sprinkle irrigation. Results Scab and early die severity and was significantly lower in all PicPlus treatments (Table 1). There was no difference in the total # of tuber per plant (Table 1). For all PicPlus treatments the total # of US1 tubers per plant was significantly higher than non-treated and the other treatments (Table 1). Total yield and US1 (cwt/A) was highest for PicPlus at 116 (lb/A) (Table 1). There was no difference in emergence and yield of b-sized tubers among treatments (Table 1). Environmental conditions were conducive to Verticillium wilt throughout the state, but heavy rainfall throughout the month of June had a negative impact on plot development. Verticillium dahliae populations were low to moderate throughout the growing season at this sight but differences between plots in PED ratings indicate that levels were sufficient to cause disease. Rosenzweig, MPIC Funding Report FY15 Figure 1. Potato soil fumigation disease management experimental research trial at Michigan State University Montcalm Potato Research Center. Table 1. Effects of soil fumigation on emergence (%), potato early die ratings, mean # tuber/plant (Total), mean # of tuber/plant (US1), mean # of tuber/plant (B-size), total yield (cwt/A), US1 yield (cwt/A), B-size yield (cwt/A). Rosenzweig, MPIC Funding Report FY15 Treatment Rate Emergence Potato Early Potato Early Die a,b 8/6/15 Die a,b 8/20/15 Potato Common Scab (%)a,c Tuber/ Plant Mean # (Total)a Tuber/ Plant Mean # (US1)a Mean # Tuber/ Plant (B-size)a Total Yield (cwt/A)a US1 Yield (cwt/A)a B-size Yield (cwt/A)a Non- treated Check N/A Vapam 45 (gal/A) Dominus 20 (gal/A) 81.7 3.5 a 4.0 a 69.1 a 8.1 2.8 c 5.2 ab 271.6 c 141.9 d 129.8 84.3 3.0 a 3.7 a 74.1 a 10.2 3.9 b 6.2 a 367.7 b 226.3 bc 141.4 84.8 3.2 a 3.8 a 65.8 a 9.9 3.6 bc 6.2 a 349.1 b 192.3 c 156.8 PicPlus 98 (lb/A) 83.0 2.2 b 2.7 b 44.5 b 9.4 4.6 ab 4.8 b 379.7 ab 253.1 ab 126.7 PicPlus PicPlus 116 (lb/A) 140 (lb/A) 82.8 2.3 b 2.8 b 44.6 b 9.7 4.8 ab 4.8 b 426.9 a 287.6 a 139.3 81.8 1.8 b 2.3 b 45.4 b 10.3 4.9 ab 5.4 ab 398.5 ab 266.9 ab 131.6 aMeans followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.10, LSD) b PED=Potato Early Die rating using the following scale: 0=No potato early die seen; 1=Small amounts of yellow and flagging of petioles; 2=Moderate amounts of yellowing and flagging of petioles, some of the the flagged petioles becoming necrotic; 3=Symptomatic plants are start to have stems stand straight up while the rest of the plant is laying down, the upright stems are yellow and petioles are wilted and necrotic; 4=Majority of the plot has upright necrotic stems; 5=Entire plot is necrotic, upright stems are brown and petioles are wilted and necrotic, tuber may have brown speckling throughout the stem-end eSeverity of common scab was measured as surface area affected (1=1 lesion to 1%; 2= 1.1-10%; 3=10.1-20%; 4= 20.1-30%; 5= > 50% surface area) On‐Farm Soil Health Action Research: With Special Reference to Bio‐Based Systems George Bird, Noah Rosenzweig , Lisa Tiemann , Bruno Basso, Roy Black, and Chris Long1,2 On‐Farm Soil Health Action Research: With Special Reference to Bio‐Based Systems is an eight-year project designed to employ the fundamentals of Action Research3 to develop, validate and demonstrate one or more bio-based commercial‐scale Challenger potato production systems, while enhancing or maintaining soil health in an economically profitable and environmentally sound manner. When compared with a conventional Defender system, the economics of the Challenger system must be equal to or better than that of the Defender. The 2015 objective was to evaluate the impacts of the 2014 Defender and Challenger systems on soil health and potato production throughout the project’s research site at Sackett Potatoes in Mecosta County, Michigan. The 2015 activities will also served as the basis for continued development/evolution of the bio-based Challenger system for comparison with the Defender system in 2017, the next potato production year for the project. It is anticipated that this Action Research project will result in a significantly improved understanding of the dynamics of soil health in regards to Michigan potato production systems. It may also result in a new socio-economic-environmentally sound bio-based potato production system, through a process that could have major implications in regards to the way future agriculture is conducted. Methods Research Site.- Sackett Potatoes has provided a 54 acre Challenger potato production site (Field SP42) for the project. In 2014, compost and manure were applied to the Challenger site. It was divided into two subsites, each planted with pearl millet from a different source. The Defender site (SP26N) was used for seed corn in 2014. Potatoes were grown in both sites in 2015. In 2016, the Defender site will be used for seed corn. A brief history of the site is recorded in Appendix A. In addition, a highly productive (relatively new potato land) field will 1MSU Project Team 2Potato Industry Project Team. Alan, Brian and Tyler Sackett (Sackett Potatoes), Mark Otto and Casey Carr (Agri-Business Consultants), R.J. Rant (Nutrilink Biosystems LLC), Brad Morgan (Morgan Compost). 3Action Research for potato production is a practical problem solving process done by a team that involves both scientists, actors (potato growers) and actions (potato grower management practices). The term Action Research was first coned in 1946 by Professor Kurt Lewin of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The process has the potential to have highly significant positive impacts on the future of local, regional, national and global food security systems. be included in the project in 2016. It will be known as HPF (Highly Productive Field). In 2016, the Challenger will be divided into two subsites: a three-species cover crop blend, plus oats as a carrier and a six species blend plus oats. Potatoes will be grown in Defender and Challenger sites in 2017. Half of each of the Challenger subsystems will be treated with a yet to be identified bio-nematicide. Site management for the project is done by Sackett Potatoes interacting with Agri‐Business Consultants, NurtriLink Biosystems LLC and Morgan Compost. Above Ground System Monitoring.- In 2015, high resolution aerial canopy transect-based analyses of the Defender and two Challenger fields were made using drone aircraft technology. Conventional aircraft will be included in 2016. Dr. Bruno Basso is responsible for this part of the project. Mark Otto and Casey Carr of Agri-Business Consultants are responsible for the biological and environmental monitoring components of the pest management system. Soil Health Biology Assessment.- Thirty transect-based soil samples were taken from the Challenger and Defender fields on each of six dates during 2015. The samples were analyzed for water stable aggregates, six extra cellular enzymes, soil respiration and inorganic nitrogen. Dr. Lisa Tiemann is responsible for this part of the project. It was funded in 2015 by MSPIC through a separate grant, but is being reported on in this document. In 2016, it is anticipated that the soil health biology assessment research will be funded as an integral component of the overall project. In 2014 and 2015, soil health at the HPF site was monitored by RJ Rant of Nutrilink Biosystems, using Ward Laboratories for soil processing. Root Health and Cover Crop Biomass Assessment.- Thirty transect-based soil samples were taken from the Challenger and Defender fields on each of six dates during 2015 and are in the process of being analyzed through a modified nematode community structure analysis. The subsamples used are from the same soil samples collected to the Soil Health Biology Assessment. A more comprehensive assessment of root health and cover crop biomass is planned for 2016. George Bird is responsible for this part of the research, with assistance in the cover crop biomass assessment from both R. J. Rant and Sackett Potatoes Soil-Borne Bacteria and Fungi Assessment.- Thirty transect-based soil samples were taken from the Challenger and Defender fields on each of six dates during 2015. The subsamples used are from the same soil samples collected to the Soil Health Biology Assessment. They were used for nucleic acid assessment in regards to the resident bacterial and fungal taxa and their dynamics associated with the three 2015 research sites. The samples are still in the process of being analyzed. Dr. Noah Rosenzweig is responsible for this aspect of the research. In addition, in 2016, spatial analysis and GIS maps will be employed for this research objective: Field boundaries and grid soil sampling schemes will be mapped. The fields will be examined for spatial continuity and variability using geostatistics. Specifically, geostatistics will be used to determine the best technique to estimate values for soil microbial diversity between measured points. This will be done so that the variables can be estimated across entire fields, not just at locations where data were collected, and to visualize how soil properties vary across fields. Using these maps, areas may be identified that are predisposed to high potato common scab disease intensity (MI) or Verticillium Wilt (all areas); require intensive disease management, and areas that have high counts of beneficial microbes. Potato Growth and Development Model.- The DSSAT‐CENTURY Model for Agricultural Systems is available and the 2015 soil health data will be used to simulate the basic characteristics of the 2015 Defender Field and two 2015 Challenger subsystems. The simulated results will be compared with the 2015 absolute results from the research project obtained from the cooperating scientists and Sackett Potatoes. Bruno Basso and George Bird are responsible for this part of the work. Econometrics Analysis.- Preliminary econometric assessments of the 2011 through 2015 are being made for SP46 and SP26N. The results of this analysis will serve as the basis for determining the complete success, partial success or failure of this eight‐year initiative in regards to the project’s key objective. Dr. Roy Black is responsible for these assessments. Database Management.- On‐Farm Soil Health Action Research: With Special Reference to Bio‐Based Systems is a transdisciplinary project requiring a comprehensive database management system. In 2016, Chris Long will be responsible for the database system. Based on the 2015 research results, George Bird, Bruno Basso and Roy Black will develop appropriate conceptual models of the system for presentation to the Action Research Team. Communications.- Real‐time communications among all members of the Action Research Team is imperative. The Drop Box File-Sharing approach initiated in 2015 will be continued in 2016. Each member of the Team will receive a weekly e-alert in regards to new information about the project. Casey Carr of Agri‐Business Consultants, Inc. will be responsible for the coordination of this communications component of the project. Results Research Site.- The mean 2015 potato yield for Michigan was about 390 cwt per acre. The Challenger (SP42) had a potato tuber yield of 293 cwt per acre; whereas, the Defender (Field SP26) had a yield of 371per acre. The Defender soil was fumigated in the fall of 2014, with the nematicidal rate of metham (40 gallons per acre). The Challenger soil was not fumigated in 2014. Above Ground System Monitoring.- Arial canopy transect-based analyses of the Defender and two Challenger fields were made in 2015 using drone technologies. Because of down-time associated with an accident with the high resolution drone, it was not possible to time this monitoring with the other research methodology technologies. Site comparisons of regular aerial and enhanced high resolution infrared vegetative index aerial assessments are presented in Figure 1.1-1.6. Images of the Challenger showed vegetative weaknesses, compared to the soil 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.6 Figure 1.1. 2015 Enhanced high resolution infrared vegetative index aerial photograph of the Defender. Figure 1.2. 2015 Regular aerial photograph of the Defender. Figure 1.3. 2015 Enhanced high resolution infrared aerial photograph of the west half of the Challenger. Figure 1.4. 2015 Regular aerial photograph of the west half of the Challenger. Figure 1.5. 2015 Enhanced high resolution infrared aerial photograph of the east half of the Challenger. Figure 1.6. 2015 Regular aerial photograph of the east half of the Challenger. fumigated Defender. Mark Otto and Casey Carr of Agri-Business Consultants will be responsible for the biological and environmental monitoring components of the 2016 pest management. Soil Health Biology Assessment.- Data associated with the 30 transect-based soil samples taken from the Challenger and Defender fields on six dates during 2015, and used assessment of water stable aggregates, extracellular enzyme activity, soil respiration and inorganic nitrogen are presented in Figures 2-5. Water stable aggregate dynamics associated with SP26 and SP46 were similar (Fig. 2). In general, enzymes associated with cellulose, chitin and protein decomposition, and P mineralization were higher in SP42 than in SP26 (Figs. 3 & 4). The situation associated with lignins and aromatic compounds appeared to be more complex (Fig. 3) Ina comparative analysis of SP26 and SP42, the dynamics of soil respiration seems to have reach a bifurcation point circa June 15, 2015 (Fig. 5). These data will form a sound baseline foundation for future comparisons of the Defender and Challenger sites. Figure 2. Water stable aggregates associated with the Challenger (Field SP42) and Challenger (Field SP 26). Figure 3 Temporal dynamics of three extra cellular enzymes associated with the Challenger (Field SP42) and Challenger (Field SP 26). Figure 4. Temporal dynamics of three extra cellular enzymes associated with the Challenger (Field SP42) and Challenger (Field SP 26). Figure 5. Temporal dynamics of soil respiration associated with the Challenger (Field SP 42) and the Defender (Field SP26). Root Health and Cover Crop Biomass Assessment.- The 30 transect-based soil sample taken from the Challenger and Defender fields six times throughout the growing season and are in the process of being analyzed through a modified nematode community structure analysis. A more comprehensive assessment of root health and cover crop biomass is planned for 2016. George Bird is responsible for this part of the research, with assistance in the cover crop biomass assessment from both RJ Rant and Sackett Potatoes. The 2015 photographs associated with another soil health project and presented in Fig. 6. are included as an example of a highly diverse nine cultivar blend of cover crops, compared to a single cultivar brassica, as used in the Challenger in 2014. In an additional 2015 research project using 10 different soil health indicators, nitrogen mineralization, active carbon and water stable aggregates were the only assessment characteristics highly correlated with crop productivity. Soil-Borne Bacteria and Fungi Assessment.- The 30 transect-based soil samples, from six 2015 sampling dates are in the process of being analyzed for nucleic acid assessment in regards to the resident bacterial and fungal taxa and their dynamics associated with the three research sites. Dr. Noah Rosenzweig is responsible for this aspect of the research. It was decided that the best that the most appropriate available information for this 2015 research report is to provide a summary of pervious work associated with this objective, as presented below. Figure 6,1- 6.2. Comparison of a highly diverse nine cultivar blend of cover crops (Fig 6.1), compared to a single cultivar brassica (Fig 6.2), as used in the Challenger in 2014. 6.1 6.2 Michigan potato fields were sampled during fall 2012, spring of 2013 and again during the 2015 growing season. Sections of approximately 50 acres of 20 fields affected by either PED or common scab, considered relatively new or mature in terms of production, but that are severely affected by the diseases, were sampled in blocks of approximately 5-10 acres in size, each of which yielded 10 aggregated samples. The soil samples were analyzed at the soils laboratory of MSU’s Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences Soil Testing Laboratory. Total genomic DNA was extracted from 0.5 g of soil from each composite soil sample using the FastDNA SPIN Kit for Soil (MP Biomedicals LLC, Solon, OH) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. DNA samples were stored at -20°C until analysis. Total environmental genomic DNA from the soil sample was used as a template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Preparation of amplicons and library construction was performed according to the previously described standard operating procedure (SOP) protocol (Kozich, Westcott et al. 2013). PCR products were separated on 1% (w/v) agarose gel in 0.5×TBE stained with GelRed Nucleic Acid Stain (Phenix Research Products, Chandler, NC) by electrophoresis and visualized by UV exposure using the Gel Doc 2000 apparatus (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) (Figures 2). Amplicon libraries were submitted to the Michigan State University Research and Technology Support Facility for next-generation sequencing on the MiSeq Illumina platform (San Diego, CA). The resulting sequence data were analyzed using the previously described SOP analysis pipeline (Kozich, Westcott et al., 2013) with the mother v.1.33.0 software package (Schloss, Westcott et al., 2009). Fig. 7. PCR amplification of soil genomic DNA from 2015 field sampling. Resulting products are used for soil microbial community DNA sequence analyses. An additional phylotype assignment was determined by analysis of processed sequence data using the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) 16S rRNA gene training set (version 9) (Cole, Wang et al. 2009, Cole, Wang et al. 2011). The 2013 results have been processed and integrated into a database that contained previous data from the Soil Testing Lab at MSU along with data from the DNA sequence analysis. Field boundaries and grid soil sampling schemes were mapped using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Maps were generated for the fields sampled (Fig. 7). Currently the remaining DNA amplicon library from field sampling in 2015 is in the queue awaiting sequencing and microbial community analysis at the MSU RTSF. Potato Growth and Development Model.- The DSSAT‐CENTURY Model for Agricultural Systems will be used to simulate the characteristics of the 2015 Defender Field and two 2015 Challenger subsystems . This component of the project has not yet been initiated. Bruno Basso and George Bird are responsible for this part of the work. Econometrics Analysis.- Dr. Roy Black is in the process of conducting the econometrics assessment of the 2011 through 2015 will be made for SP46 and SP26N. A partial budgeting approach is being used to compare the financial impacts of alternative strategies for managing the potato production system. We treat the current approach as the defender and alternatives as challengers that are targeting better biological and economic performance than the current system. We are only looking at the components that change when making comparisons and solving for what the performance of alternatives has to be to compete with the current management system. Since these systems are evolving over time, the analysis considers changes in costs and returns for each year and then converts them to a metric that converts annual changes into a current value. The analysis takes into account the sequence in crops and management of those crops over time. Thus, the focus is on a longer term focus on field, not a particular crop in a particular year. One of the break-even analyses looks at what prospective yields of components will have to be for an alternative challenger to be better than the current defender and other challengers. The teams are monitoring the tasks and timing of the task as well as materials and application costs in the development of these budgets. The results of these analyses will serve as the basis for determining the complete success, partial success or failure of this eight‐year initiative in regards to the project’s key objective. Database Management.- On‐Farm Soil Health Action Research: With Special Reference to Bio‐Based Systems is a transdisciplinary project requiring a comprehensive database management system. In 2016, Chris Long will be responsible for the database system. George Bird, Bruno Basso and Roy Black will develop appropriate conceptual models of the system for presentation to the Action Research Team based on the 2015 results. Communications.- Real‐time communications among all members of the Action Research Team is imperative. The Drop Box File-Sharing approach will be continued. In 2016, each member of the Team will receive a weekly e-alert in regards to new information. Casey Carr of Agri‐ Business Consultants, Inc. will be responsible for the coordination of this communications component of the project. Figure 1. GIS maps of soil properties measured from 2013 Block Grant Soil Health Project. Appendix 1. Sackett Potatoes, Biological Farming Transition Project Field History and Timeline of Activities Framework Fields SP26 (north) and SP42 have been alternately planted to potatoes and seed corn since about 2000, when Sackett Potatoes bought Field 42. Field 26 would have been rotated between seed corn and potatoes since 1992, when Sackett Potatoes started growing seed corn. Fumigation History.- Sackett Potatoes started fumigating on their home farm in about 1992. Most fields on the home farm were fumigated ahead of every potato crop, beginning in 2000. The first soil fumigation on SP42 was in 2005 or 2007. In 2009, both SP26 and SP42 were planted to FL1922. Both fields were fumigated. In 2011 The potatoes in SP26 were FL1833 and Pikes were grown in SP42., Yield data are not available. Both fields were fumigated. General Site History.- In 2012, seed corn Variety 1F3S-P010 Pioneer was planted. As a general model, fertilizer application used in SP26 and SP42 were 125# K 2O, 20# P2O5, 125#N Defoliated, no rye cover, harvested yield 202 bu/A, crop average was 224 bu/A. Fall tillage: disked ahead of fumigation application. Compost: 1 Ton Fall 2012. Fumigation: 38 gal. Vapam. Specialty Crop Block Grant Sampling done by Loren Wernette 12/4/12 2013: Spring tillage: Field cultivator pre-plant chisel with sweeps w/fumigator? SP26 planted 5/27 11.5 A on north 1833, most of field 2137 SP42 planted 6/3 to FL2137 Fertilizer applications as general model for potato fields: 200# K- Mag, 50 0# Pelletized Gypsum, 250# K20, 80# P2O5, 250#N Harvested early-mid October, SP42 Yield: 344 cwt/A, SP26 Yield: 411cwt/A 1 Ton Poultry Manure mix applied to SP42, only N 10-15 acres of SP2 6 Fall Tillage: Disked, Field Cultivator following potato harvest Rye planted late, wet poor growth both 42 and 26 2014 SP42 History 100 # urea in May 6/16/14 Rye crimped part done before the rain and part after the rain (See Appendix B) 1 ton compost blend applied , Disked lightly 7/3/14 Forage Pearl Millet CFPM-101 planted on the east half Pearl Millet, Hybrid TifLeaf 3 planted west half, minus short rows on west Mix of various small plots of different species in short rows on the west. 100# urea July 8/29/14 sampling, Nematode samples sent to MSU , Haney Soil Health Samples to Haney’s Lab PLFA samples to Ward Labs in NE (Date?) One Ton Compost applied (totals 2 Two Tons during 2014) (Date?) Disked TifLeaf 3 pearl Millet and small plots (Date?) Planted cover crop mix West Central only, small plots bare 10/20/14 PLFA sampling from mixed small plot on west, West Central cover crop mix, East half, CFPM-,101disked lightly late October, Spread one ton Compost Blend, disked lightly Jawad Hasan, SP’s Soil Fertility Consultant, pulled fertility samples in SP26 and SP42 in the fall that formed the basis of 2015 potato recommendations. Decisions were made to adjust for the effects of the cover/green manure cropping done in 2014. SP 26 was fumigated in the fall of 2014. SP42 was not fumigated and nematode sampling numbers did not indicate a need for a non-fumigant nematicide . SP26 2014 History 2014 Seed Corn on SP26 , Fertility, tillage, defoliation, compost, fumigation match practices of seed corn general model from 2012. Seed corn stalks shredded Appendix B. Photograph of the filed crimper used to kill the rye in SP42 on May 16, 2014. 2014-2015 MICHIGAN POTATO DEMONSTRATION STORAGE ANNUAL REPORT MICHIGAN POTATO INDUSTRY COMMISSION Chris Long, Coordinator and Aaron Yoder Introduction and Acknowledgements Round white potato production for chip processing continues to lead the potato market in the state of Michigan. Michigan growers continue to look for promising, new, round white varieties that will meet necessary production and processing criteria. There are many variety trials underway in Michigan that are evaluating chipping varieties for yield, solids, disease resistance and chipping quality with the hope of exhibiting to growers and processors the positive attributes of these lines. Extended storage chip quality and storability are areas of extreme importance in round white potato production. Due to the importance of these factors, any new chip processing varieties that have the potential for commercialization will have storage profiles developed. Being able to examine new varieties for long-term storage and processing quality is a way to keep the Michigan chip industry at the leading edge of the snack food industry. The information in this report can position the industry to make informed decisions about the value of adopting these varieties into commercial production. The Michigan Potato Industry Commission (MPIC) Potato Demonstration Storage Facility currently consists of two structures. The first building, the Dr. B. F. (Burt) Cargill Building, constructed in 1999, provides the Michigan potato industry with the opportunity to generate storage and chip quality information on newly identified chip processing clones. This information will help to establish the commercial potential of these new varieties. This demonstration storage facility utilizes six, 550 cwt. bulk bins (bins 1-6) that have independent ventilation systems. The second structure, built in 2008, has three, 600 cwt. bulk bins that are independently ventilated. The first of these bulk bins, bin 7, has been converted into box bin storage that holds 36, 10 cwt. box bins to provide storage profiles on early generation potato varieties. The box bin is an entry level point into storage profiling that allows the industry to learn about a varieties’ physical and chemical storability before advancing to the bulk bin level. We typically have 4-6 years of agronomic data on a variety before entering box bin testing. In the variety development process, little information has been collected about a varieties’ physical storability or chemical storage profile prior to being included in the box bin trial. A storage profile consists of bi-weekly sampling of potatoes to obtain; sucrose and glucose levels, and chip color and defect values. In addition, each variety is evaluated for weight loss or shrinkage and pressure bruise. With this information, the storage history of a variety can be created, providing the industry with a clearer picture of where a line can or cannot be utilized in the snack food industry. The Michigan potato industry hopes to use these storage profiles to improve in areas such as long-term storage quality, deliverability of product and, ultimately, sustained market share. The two remaining 600 cwt. bulk bins in the second structure are designed to be used to evaluate the post-harvest physiology of the potato. The facility can be used to evaluate storage pathology or sprout inhibitor products. The Michigan industry recognizes the importance of being able to control disease and sprout development in storage and is committed to doing research in these areas. This thirteenth annual Demonstration Storage Report contains the results of the storage work conducted in the facility during the 2014-2015 storage season. Section I, “2014-2015 New Chip Processing Variety Box Bin Report”, contains the results and highlights from our 10 cwt. box bin study. Section II, “2014-2015 Bulk Bin (500 cwt. bin) Report”, shows bulk bin results, including information from commercial processors regarding these new varieties. The storage facility, and the work done within it, is directed by the MPIC Storage and Handling Committee and Michigan State University (MSU) faculty. The chair of the committee is Brian Sackett of Sackett Potatoes. Other members of the committee include: Steve Crooks, Todd Forbush, Chris Long, Dennis Iott, Keith Tinsey, Mike Wenkel, Duane Anderson, Tim Wilkes, Larry Jensen, Chase Young and Todd Young. The funding and financial support for this facility, and the research that is conducted within it, is largely derived from the MPIC. The committee occasionally receives support for a given project from private and/or public interests. We wish to acknowledge all the support and investment we receive to operate and conduct storage research. First, we express our gratitude for the partnership we enjoy between the MPIC and Michigan State University. Thank you to the MPIC Storage & Handling Committee for their investment of time, guiding the decisions and direction of the facility. Mark and Duane Andersen, Andersen Brothers, LLC; and Tim, Todd and Chase Young, Sandyland Farms; these are the growers that provided the material to fill the bulk bins this year; and without their willingness to be involved, we could not have accomplished our objectives. Equal in importance are the processors who invested in this research. They are Mitch Keeney, Jim Fitzgerald and Jack Corriere of UTZ Quality Foods, Inc., Hanover, PA; Jim Allen of Shearer’s Foods, Inc., Brewster, OH; and Al Lee and Phil Gusmano of Better Made Snack Foods, Detroit, MI. It has been a great pleasure to work with all of you. Special thanks to Butch Riley (Gun Valley Ag. & Industrial Services, Inc.) for his annual investment in the sprout treatment of the storage facility. We would also like to acknowledge a long list of additional contributors who invested much time to help foster a quality storage program: Dr. Dave Douches and the MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program, Todd Forbush (Techmark, Inc), Larry Jensen (Chief Wabasis Potato Growers), and Tim Wilkes (Potato Services of Michigan). All played a role in making this facility useful to the Michigan potato industry. Overview of the production season * The overall 6-month average maximum and minimum temperatures during the 2014 growing season were slightly lower than the 15 year averages by a difference of 1 oF (Table 1). Average maximum temperatures during the months of April and July were noticeably lower than 15- year averages by 3 oF and 4 oF respectively. Extreme heat events were minimal in 2014 (Table 3); there were no records of temperatures exceeding 90 oF during the entire summer. The previous 5-year average is of 20 hours over 4 days. Additionally, high nighttime temperatures (over 70 oF) were much lower than normal; in 2014, 15 fewer days and 89 fewer nighttime hours were recorded when compared with the 5-year averages. In May, there were no recordings of temperatures below 32 oF; from September-October 15th, temperatures dropped below 32 oF on three days. Rainfall for April through September was 20.84 inches, which was 2.66 inches above the 15- year average (Table 2). In general early season precipitation (April and May) was well above average, mid-season precipitation was above average (June-July) and late-season precipitation was below average (August-September). Table 1. Table 2. The 15-year summary of average maximum and minimum temperatures (°F) during the growing season at the Montcalm Research Center.* April May June July August September 6-Month Average Year Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. 50 2000 53 2001 51 2002 2003 49 49 2004 51 2005 2006 51 50 2007 49 2008 49 2009 2010 53 51 2011 50 2012 2013 49 2014 49 15-Year Average 58 70 69 77 72 78 77 68 76 73 74 69 70 74 73 72 79 72 81 82 76 81 80 80 80 76 82 79 82 80 79 56 58 62 58 57 58 61 56 58 53 62 62 62 58 54 58 57 70 58 58 53 58 58 58 54 56 61 58 55 54 56 58 75 78 79 77 74 82 78 82 77 76 77 77 84 77 78 78 57 57 58 52 54 60 54 54 56 54 57 56 53 55 57 56 71 72 73 72 73 75 72 74 73 71 74 72 77 73 72 73 49 48 52 48 49 51 48 50 50 49 50 48 46 48 47 49 77 83 85 81 79 82 83 81 80 75 83 85 90 81 77 81 49 49 42 44 46 41 46 47 40 45 49 48 48 48 45 46 34 37 36 33 37 36 36 33 37 34 38 34 34 33 33 35 70 70 63 64 67 65 61 73 67 67 70 68 73 73 68 68 56 61 56 56 62 62 62 53 61 56 64 53 58 51 55 79 73 50 The 15-year summary of precipitation (inches per month) recorded during the growing season at the Montcalm Research Center.* Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 15-Year Average April 3.18 3.28 2.88 0.70 1.79 0.69 2.73 2.64 1.59 3.94 1.59 3.42 2.35 7.98 4.24 2.87 May 6.46 6.74 4.16 3.44 8.18 1.39 4.45 1.60 1.69 2.15 3.68 3.08 0.98 4.52 5.51 3.87 June 4.50 2.90 3.28 1.85 3.13 3.57 2.18 1.58 2.95 2.43 3.21 2.38 0.99 2.26 3.25 2.70 July 3.79 2.49 3.62 2.60 1.72 3.65 5.55 2.43 3.07 2.07 2.14 1.63 3.63 1.35 3.71 2.90 August September 5.28 5.71 7.12 2.60 1.99 1.85 2.25 2.34 3.03 4.74 2.63 2.57 3.31 4.06 1.78 5.25 4.43 1.59 2.06 0.32 3.90 3.15 1.18 5.03 1.49 1.88 1.84 0.76 1.33 2.35 3.42 2.44 Total 28.46 25.55 22.65 13.25 17.13 15.05 20.31 11.77 17.36 16.82 15.13 14.92 12.02 21.50 20.84 18.18 * Weather data collected at the MSU, Montcalm Research Center, Entrican, MI. 2014-2015 New Chip Processing Variety Box Bin Report (Chris Long, Aaron Yoder and Brian Sackett) Introduction The purpose of this project is to evaluate new chip processing varieties from national and private breeding programs for their ability to process after being subjected to storage conditions. A variety’s response to pile temperature, as reflected in sucrose and glucose levels, is evaluated. Weight loss and pressure bruise susceptibility of each variety is also evaluated. Bin 7 contained 36, 10 cwt. boxes. Thirty-six boxes were placed in six stacks of six. The boxes were designed for air to travel in from a header, or plenum wall, through the forklift holes of each box, up through the potatoes within it and onto the next box above until the air reaches the top and is drawn off the top of the chamber, reconditioned and forced back through the header wall plenums and up through the boxes again. Each box contains a sample door facing the center aisle from which tubers can be removed to conduct bi-weekly quality evaluations. Procedure Seventeen new varieties were evaluated and compared to the check variety Snowden in 2014. Once the varieties were chosen, 1 cwt. of each variety was planted in a single 34 inch wide row, on May 5th at the MSU, Montcalm Research Center, Entrican, MI. The varieties were all planted at a 10” in-row seed spacing. All varieties received fertilizer in the rates of: 342 lb. N/Acre, 142 lb P2O5/A and 135 lb K2O/A). The varieties were vine killed after 126 days and allowed to set skins for 21 days before harvest on September 29th, 2014; this was 147 days after planting. Variety maturity is not taken into account in the harvest timing due to storage and handling restrictions. Approximately ten cwt. of each variety were placed in each box bin, labeled and stacked in bin 7. The average storage temperature for all the box bins (box bin 7) was 54.0 ºF for the 2014- 2015 season. At harvest, nine, 20 lb. (approximately) samples from each variety were collected for weight loss and pressure bruise evaluation. A description of the varieties tested, their pedigree and scab ratings are listed in Table 1. Yield, size distribution, chip quality, and specific gravity were recorded at harvest (Table 2). All 17 varieties were graded to remove all “B” size tubers and pickouts, thus entering storage in good physical condition. The storage season began September 29th, 2014, and ended June 8th, 2015. Bin 7 was gassed with CIPC on November 4th, 2014, and February 2nd, 2015. Variety evaluation began September 29th, followed by a bi-weekly sampling schedule until early June. Forty tubers were removed from each box every two weeks and sent to Techmark, Inc. for sucrose, glucose, chip color and defect evaluation. Nine pressure bruise sample bags were taken for each variety, weighed and placed in one of the bulk bins at the storage facility. Three bags were placed at each of 3’, 8’ and 14’ from the pile floor. When that bin was unloaded, the sample bags were weighed and percent weight loss was calculated. A 25 tuber sample was taken from each of the nine bags and was evaluated for the presence or absence of pressure bruise. The number of tubers and severity of bruise was recorded. All pressure bruises were evaluated for discoloration. This report is not intended to be an archive of all the data that was generated for the box bin trial, but a summary of the data from the most promising lines. The purpose of this report is to present a summary of information from the best performing lines from this trial that will be moved along the commercialization process. If more detailed information is desired, please contact Chris Long at Michigan State University in the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences for assistance (517) 355-0271 ext. 1193. 2014 MPIC Demonstration Box Bin Variety Descriptions Entry Elkton (B1992-106) Lamoka (NY139) Pedigree B1255-5 X B0564-9 NY120 X NY115 Manistee (MSL292-A) Snowden X MSH098-2 Sebec (AF0338-17) Snowden (W855) A01143-3C AF303-5 X SA8211-6 B5141-6 X Wischip COA95070-8 X Chipeta BNC182-5 Tacna X B0766-3 CO02024-9W A91790-13W X CO95051-7W MSR127-2 MSS428-1 MSS934-4 NY148 MSJ167-1 X MSG227-2 Snowden X NY121 ND6095-1 X ND7377Cb-1 NY128 X Marcy 2013 Scab Rating* 1.8 1.5 1.9 2.1 2.6 1.8 1.6 2.0 1.4 2.0 2.9 1.5 Characteristics Medium to medium-late maturity, high yield potential, round to oval tuber type, light netted skin High yield, mid-late season maturity, medium specific gravity, oval to oblong tuber type, low internal defects, long term chip quality Average yield, scab tolerance similar to Snowden, late blight susceptible, medium specific gravity, long storage potential, uniform, flat round tuber type, heavy netted skin High yielding, round white, early bulking, moderately susceptible to common scab, resistant to verticillium wilt High yield, late maturity, mid-season storage, reconditions well in storage, medium to high specific gravity Average yielding, scaly buff chipper, smaller tuber size, late maturity, high incidence of sheep-nose Short dormancy, above average yield potential, common scab tolerant, average chip quality, late blight susceptible, large round flat to oval tuber type Medium maturity, high yield potential, good chip color, medium to low specific gravity Scab tolerant, high specific gravity, good chip quality from storage, above average yield potential, medium-late maturity Below average yield, early maturity, common scab susceptible, low specific gravity, high incidence of hollow heart High yield, oval to oblong tuber type, common scab susceptible Full season maturity, high gravity, scab- resistant chip stock, good yield potential, medium to late season storage quality, black spot bruise susceptible *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data and qualitative descriptions provided by Potato Outreach Program (P.O.P.), MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and other potato breeding programs. Entry NY152 (NYH15-5) NY154 (NYH15-17) NYJ15-7 W5955-1 W6609-3 Pedigree B38-14 X Marcy B38-14 X Marcy MSK061-4 X Marcy Pike X C31-5-120 Pike X Dakota Pearl 2013 Scab Rating* 2.8 1.6 2.4 1.6 0.9 Characteristics Medium to high specific gravity, high yield potential, common scab susceptible, late maturing High yield potential, high specific gravity, moderate common scab tolerant, late maturing High yield, late maturity, medium to high specific gravity, scab susceptible, high incidence of hollow heart Average yield, high specific gravity, size profile similar to Atlantic, long storage potential, pear-shaped Long term storage potential, common scab resistance, good specific gravity *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data and qualitative descriptions provided by Potato Outreach Program (P.O.P.), MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and other potato breeding programs. l a i r T y t e i r a V o t a t o P g n i s s e c o r P n i B x o B n o i s s i m m o C y r t s u d n I o t a t o P n a g i h c i M 4 1 0 2 . 2 e l b a T Results: 2014-2015 New Chip Processing Box Bin Highlights MSR127-2 This Michigan State University (MSU) chip processing variety has repeatedly demonstrated good common scab tolerance and has a uniform round tuber type. The specific gravity for this variety was 1.094, above the trial average of 1.088. The recorded US#1 yield for this variety was above the trial average in the 2014 Box Bin Trial at 392 cwt./A (Table 2), a trend repeated from 2012 and 2013. The variety appears to have a medium-late maturity with a good set of uniform size tubers. The internal quality was excellent with no hollow heart or vascular discoloration reported at harvest in the raw tubers. The out-of-the- field chip color appeared to be good, scoring a 1.0 SFA score (Table 2). A few minor chip defects were noted. During the 2014-2015 storage season, MSR127-2 was placed into storage on September 29th, 2014 and evaluated for sugar stability. On that date, MSR127-2 had a percent (X10) sucrose value of 0.497 and a glucose value of 0.002 percent. The sucrose percent (X10) values remained relatively flat, ranging from 0.303 in late December to a peak of 0.929 in mid-May. The percent glucose remained low all season until April at which time it slowly started to rise although chip quality was maintained up through the middle part of the month. A chip picture is included from April 14th, 2015, to show the chip quality during this period. The sucrose and glucose values on this day were 0.602 percent (X10) and 0.004 percent, respectively. MSR127-2 appears to have good mid-season chip processing quality and similar late-season chip quality as observed in the previous storage year. Overall, this variety performed well in 2014, maintaining an above average US#1 yield for the third year in a row. This variety is on track for larger scale testing in 2016 where it will be evaluated in the bulk storage bin environment. NY152 This Cornell University developed variety was evaluated for the first time in 2014. It exhibited an average specific gravity at 1.088 and was the top yielding line weighing in at 469 cwt/A US#1, 105 cwt above the trial average. This variety exhibited mid-season maturity in 2014. The out- of-the-field chip sample scored a 1.0 SFA score with 6.6% defects reported. On September 29th, 2014, the percent sucrose (X10) was 0.785 and percent glucose was 0.002. Sucrose and glucose levels came down to their lowest points in mid- February at 0.398 percent (X10) and 0.001, respectively. Sucrose values remained low until late May, when they rose to 0.854 percent (X10). After leveling out at around 0.002 percent in December, glucose levels hovered close to 0.001 percent, only rising at the very last sample date in early June to 0.005 percent. Total defects recorded for this variety in early June 2014 were 3.2 percent. The picture above captured NY152 at its last acceptable chip quality point from storage on June 9th, 2015. The percent sucrose (X10) and glucose were 0.664 and 0.005 on this date. While only the first year of evaluation, NY152 has demonstrated excellent yield potential and excellent chip quality from out-of- the-field through late-season storage into June. It did not demonstrate strong tolerance to potato common scab in 2014, and there was some hollow heart observed. Further storage and chip quality testing from commercially harvested, bulk-stored tubers is required before this clone can be considered for commercialization. It is scheduled to be evaluated in the bulk storage bin environment in the 2016- 2017 storage year. W5955-1 This variety was developed at the University of Wisconsin. 2014 was the second year that this variety was evaluated in the Box Bin Trials at the Montcalm Research Center. The specific gravity was above average at 1.090 and the yield was above average at 439 cwt/A US#1 (Table 2). It has demonstrated good tolerance to common scab in both 2014 and 2013. The variety exhibited mid- season maturity in 2014. It had excellent out-of- the-field chip quality, with a 1.0 chip score. At the onset of storage on September 29th, 2014, tuber samples tested at 0.477 (X10) percent sucrose and 0.003 percent glucose. Glucose levels remained between 0.002 and 0.003 throughout the winter months and started to rise to 0.005 on March 31tst, and 0.012 the following sample date, April 13th, 2015. Across the same dates, sucrose levels had increased from 0.860 to 1.107 (X10) percent. The picture above captures W5955-1 at the last acceptable chip quality sample from storage on March 17th, 2015. As can be seen in the picture, hollow heart was observed in chip samples throughout the sampling season and represents a potential drawback of this variety. This observation differs from the previous year’s data, where hollow heart was not observed. To further assess the commercial potential for W5955-1, it will be evaluated again in the 2015-2016 box bin trial, followed by evaluation in the bulk storage bin environment in the 2016-2017 growing/storage year. It has exhibited many positive attributes including a high yield potential, consistent tolerance to potato common scab, excellent out-of-the-field and mid-late season chip quality, and nice tuber shape, although potential issues with hollow heart could limit the adoption of this line if it proves to be an issue in subsequent years. Snowden This variety was included as a commercial standard for the 2014 Box Bin Trial. The recorded yield for the Snowden variety was below average for the 3rd year in a row at 347 cwt./A US#1 with an above average specific gravity at 1.093 (Table 2). On September 29th, 2014, this variety was put into storage and was analyzed for sucrose and glucose concentration. On October 7th, 2014, a 0.765 percent sucrose (X10) and a 0.003 percent glucose value was recorded. Sucrose and glucose levels came down to their lowest points in early March at 0.413 percent (X10) and 0.001, respectively. From this point in storage, the sucrose values began to rise to 1.430 percent (X10) in late-April 2015. The percent glucose level was at 0.012 on this date. The chip picture above depicts Snowden during its last acceptable chip quality period taken on March 31st, 2015. Total defects recorded for this variety on March 31st, 2015, were 0.0 percent with a percent sucrose (X10) of 0.869 and a percent glucose of 0.003. II. 2014 - 2015 Bulk Bin (500 cwt. Bin) Report (Chris Long, Aaron Yoder and Brian Sackett) Overview The goal of the MPIC Storage and Handling Committee for the 2014-2015 bulk bin storage season was to explore three different storage temperature protocols for Manistee (MSL292-A) that would preserve chip quality, but slow or eliminate pathogen development in early storage. The second goal was to develop storage profiles for the advanced clone NY148, a line which had shown high potential for commercialization in previous years’ on-farm and box bin storage trials. Lastly, three bulk bins were utilized to evaluate newly released lines in development from the J.R. Simplot Company which included a standard ‘Snowden’ bin, and two bins filled with the novel Innate™ Snowden Gen 1 “V11” potatoes which were filled from two different locations (Michigan and Wisconsin). This new line is reported to have lower asparagine (and consequently lower acrylamide following processing) in addition to a lower potential for black-spot bruising. Evaluation of this variety was done in conjunction with the J.R. Simplot Company with the purpose of assessing the performance of this line in a commercial storage environment. Section A. Introduction to Variety Commercialization The primary variety tested for storage profiling in the 2014-2015 storage season was ‘Manistee’ (MSL292-A), a clone from the potato breeding program at Michigan State University. This variety has a good yield potential, average specific gravity, excellent late-season chip quality and resistance to black-spot bruising. It has been evaluated extensively in the Potato Outreach Program over the course of several years and has gained substantial traction as a commercialized variety. In the previous storage year, Manistee had excellent chip quality from very late in the storage season when stored at both 50oF and 48oF. The primary objective with this variety in 2014-2015 was to determine the impact of an even lower storage temperature on Manistee chip quality. With lower storage temperatures, the physical quality of the stored potato crop can be improved as pathogen development is slowed, however potatoes stored for chip processing must maintain sufficiently low reducing sugars so as not to negatively impact chip quality. The effects of low storage temperatures on chip quality vary substantially among varieties and consequently remains an important storage parameter that should be determined for the successful adoption of a novel variety. Storage temperatures evaluated in 2014- 2015 for Manistee were at 50oF, 48oF, and 46oF. The second variety evaluated was NY148, a new chip processing clone from the potato breeding program at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. This clone has displayed a superior yield potential, high specific gravity, tolerance to potato common scab, and long-term storage potential over several years of evaluation in the Potato Outreach Program. Based on these positive attributes, NY148 was selected for evaluation in two bulk storage bins in 2014-2015 upon which storage profiles could be generated at two different storage-temperature regimes. For each of the varieties listed above, a brief description of agronomic and storage performance is provided below. In addition, a short description of pressure bruise susceptibility, chip color and color defects, sugar accumulation and overall chip quality is given. With this information, a more distinct perspective can be obtained regarding the viability of these varieties in commercial production. Procedure Each bin was filled under contract with potato producers in the state of Michigan. The MPIC paid field contract price for the potatoes to be delivered to the demonstration storage. Pressure bruise samples were collected for each bulk bin and designated bulk bins were filled. The varieties and their storage management strategies were established by the MPIC Storage and Handling Committee. For each bulk bin filled, a corresponding box bin containing 10 cwt. was filled and placed into bin 7. Bin 7 was held at a warmer temperature, in most cases, than the corresponding bulk bin of the same variety. This allowed the committee to see if the warmer storage temperature in the box bin would reduce storage life and provided information as to how the bulk bin tubers might physiologically age. Bulk bin assignments are described as follows: bins 1, 2 and 3 were filled with Manistee (MSL292-A) and were grown by Sandyland Farms; bins 4 and 5 were filled with NY148 and were grown by Andersen Brothers, LLC; bin 9 was filled with Innate™ Snowden Gen 1 “V11” while bin 8 was filled with the standard Snowden variety. Bins 8 and 9 were both grown on the same farm in Central Michigan. Bins 1, 2 and 3 were filled on September 30th, 2014. The seed was planted May 31st, 2014 and vine killed on September 8th, 2014 (100 DAP, 2699 GDD40). The variety was harvested September 30th, 2014, 122 days after planting. The pulp temperature for tubers at the time of bin loading was around 57oF. Bins 1-3 were gassed with CIPC on three dates throughout the storage season: November 11th, 2014, March 2nd, 2015 and April 22nd, 2015. All three bins were unloaded on June 8th, 2015 and were shipped to: Utz Quality Foods, Hanover, PA (Bin 1), Shearer’s Snack Foods, Massillon, OH (Bin 2), and Better Made Snack Foods, Detroit, MI (Bin 3) upon which the commercial quality of the bins were evaluated individually by each processor. Bins 4 and 5 were filled on October 8th, 2014. The NY148 crop was planted May 19th, 2014, and vine killed on September 3rd, 2014 (107 DAP, 2852 GDD40). The variety was harvested October 8th, 2014; 142 days after planting. The pulp temperature of the tubers at the time of bin loading in bins 4 and 5 was 53.5 ºF. Due to the apparently high susceptibility to black spot bruising, these bins were unloaded earlier than anticipated on October 27th, 2014 and sent to be dehydrated. The details of this are expounded upon in the bin descriptions below. Bins 8 and 9 were both grown on a farm in Central Michigan. Bin 8 was filled with the standard Snowden chip variety, while bin 9 was filled with Innate™ Snowden Gen 1 potatoes. They were both filled on October 8th, 2014 and gassed once with CIPC on November 4th, 2014. They were unloaded on February 18th, at which time pulp temperatures reached 50.4oF and 50.6oF respectively. Bin sugar monitoring began the day tubers were placed into storage and tubers were sampled on a two- week schedule thereafter. Forty tubers were removed from the sample door in each bin every two weeks and sent to Techmark, Inc. for sucrose, glucose, chip color and defect evaluation. The sample door is located in the center back side of each storage bin and is an access door that allows samples to be taken from the pile three feet above the bottom of the pile. Pressure bruise evaluation began by collecting nine, 20 to 25 lb. tuber samples as each bin was being filled. Three samples were placed at each of three different levels within the bulk bin pile at 3, 8, and 14 feet from the storage floor. The pressure bruise samples were evaluated 3 to 5 days after the bin was unloaded. A set of 25 tubers was randomly selected from each bag and visually inspected for pressure bruise. Each bruise was evaluated for discoloration by removing the tuber skin with a knife. A visual rating was given to the bruise for the presence or absence of flesh color (blackening of flesh). Percent weight loss in each tuber sample was calculated as it was removed from the storage. Objectives The Storage and Handling Committee’s objective in evaluating Manistee in bulk bins 1-3 was to determine the effect of storage temperatures on simple sugar accumulation to better establish minimum temperature thresholds for the variety. For bulk bins 4 and 5, the objective was to establish preliminary sugar profiles for NY148 at two temperatures in a commercial storage environment. Objectives for bins 8 and 9 were developed in conjunction with The J.R. Simplot Company to evaluate general storage performance of novel Innate™ varieties in comparison with standard, non-transformed varieties. Bulk Bin 1, Manistee (MSL292-A); 48 oF As previously mentioned, Manistee is a Michigan State University line that is known most notably for its long storage potential. In 2014 on-farm variety trials, it averaged 480 cwt/A US#1, slightly above the trial average, with a specific gravity of 1.084, also slightly above the trial average. Tubers are slightly compressed from apical to stem end with a thick-buff skin. It has shown susceptibility to potato common scab similar to Snowden. Figure 1. Techmark-Inc. chip picture, bulk bin 1 Manistee, 6.9.15 Figure 2. Finished bag sample processed at UTZ Quality Foods on 6.9.2015. Manistee tubers from Bulk Bin number 1 The tuber quality was generally good at bin loading with an estimated 85-90% bruise-free. Tuber pulp temperature at the time of loading was 57.4oF; from there, temperatures were gradually decreased during the suberization period to an eventual 48oF in December where they remained until May when temperatures were raised prior to shipment. At the time of bin unloading, tuber weight loss was 5.27 percent with 0.0 percent of tubers expressing pressure bruise and discoloration under the skin. Chip quality out of the field was excellent, with only 3.4 percent total defects reported on the first sample date, of September 30th, 2014. On this date, sucrose and glucose concentrations were 0.890 percent (X10) and 0.003 percent respectively. Sucrose levels remained relatively flat throughout the storage season, although they rose slightly in early January up to a peak of 0.899 (X10) on January 5th. Glucose levels were also flat, the exception being an increase of up to 0.011 percent on February 16th, 2015. Though chip quality seemed to be negatively impacted to some extent on this sample day, sugar levels dropped off to acceptable levels from the following sample date in late February until they were shipped for processing in June. The bin was shipped out on June 8th, 2015 to Utz Quality Foods in Hanover, PA to be processed. The picture above (figure 2) shows a finished bag sample following processing. Reviews of Manistee from the processor was good, with only 3 percent total defects reported and good chip color. One potential drawback to this variety is the slightly recessed ends which led to ‘hollow heart-like’ Figure 3. Picture showing the potential effect of recessed ends of some tubers and the impact that it can have on finished chip quality symptoms following slicing (figure 3) although this was not reported as a serious enough issue to discourage adoption of the variety. Further discussion on commercial adoption of Manistee is provided following the bin 3 summary. Bulk Bin 2, Manistee (MSL292-A); 50 oF Manistee potatoes in bulk bin 2 were grown under identical conditions as the tubers in bulk bin 1 and 3, all three bulk bins being produced by Sandyland Farms, Howard City, MI. The tuber pulp temperature of tubers in bin 2 upon arrival on September 30th, 2014 was 54.4 ºF. Sucrose and glucose levels at the time of bin loading were 0.905 percent (X10) and 0.003 percent, respectively. The tubers were tested and found to be 85-90 percent black spot bruise free after bin filling. The tuber quality was acceptable, with 5.9 percent defects reported. Similar to bulk bin 1, bin 2 was held at around 56.0 ºF for a two-week suberization period, after which it was cooled 0.2oF per day. Following suberization, the pile was cooled to an eventual storage temperature of 50.0oF where it was maintained through the majority of the Figure 5. Raw tuber quality at bin unloading from bin 2 on 6.8.15 storage season. Glucose levels remained flat throughout the entire storage season, peaking at 0.006 percent in mid-May, but dropped back to under 0.005 until the bin was shipped on June 8th, 2015. Figure 4 is a photo taken from the day the bin was shipped in June. At the time of bin unloading, tuber weight loss was 4.91 percent with 3.1 percent of tubers expressing pressure bruise and discoloration Figure 4. Techmark-Inc. chip picture, bulk bin 2 Manistee, 6.9.15 under the skin. These numbers are similar to those observed by the other two Manistee bins held at lower temperatures indicating that storage temperature did not have a major impact on pressure bruising or tuber weight loss. There was no evidence of physical deterioration within the pile as it was unloaded as can be seen in figure 5. Bin 2 was chip processed at Shearer’s Snack Foods, in Massillon, OH on June 9th, 2014. The specific gravity was reported at 1.079, with a total of 5% finished chip defects (2% greening, 2% stem end, 1% internal discoloration). Agtron readings of the finished chips were 65.1. Visual inspections of tubers yielded overall very positive comments, comparing favorably to a shipment of ‘Snowden’ from a southern U.S. location. Finished chip samples were collected and taken back to the MSU chip lab for visual representation of finished chip quality. As can be seen in figure 6, overall chip quality was very good, with a low incidence of bruising and internal discoloration. As with bin 1, there was some incidence of hollow heart-like symptoms caused by slightly recessed ends of some tubers and contributed to the ‘internal defects’ shown in the picture above. Discussion on the overall performance of Manistee at the three storage temperatures takes place following the bin 3 summary. Bulk Bin 3, Manistee (MSL292-A); 46oF Manistee potatoes in bulk bin 3 were grown under identical conditions as those in bulk bins 1 and 2. Tuber pulp temperature at the time of bin loading was 59.6oF. Similar to bins 1 and 2, tubers were determined to be 85-90 percent black spot bruise free after bin loading. Suberization protocols were also followed in similar fashion with bins 1 and 2, where for two weeks following bin loading, the pile was kept at 56oF and subsequently cooled 0.2oF per day to an eventual pile temperature of 46oF, the lowest storage temperature of the three bins. Chip quality at the time of bin loading was comparable to bins 1 and 2, with 6.4 percent total defects reported. Sucrose levels at bin loading were at 0.860 percent Figure 6. Finished bag sample of Manistee from bin 2 processed at Shearer’s Snack Foods on 6.9.2015. Figure 7. Techmark-Inc. chip picture, bulk bin 3 Manistee, 6.9.15 (X10) and glucose levels were low at 0.002 percent. After reaching a pile temperature of 46oF in mid-December, sucrose levels rose up to 1.004 (X10) and glucose rose to 0.008. Because of the simultaneous rise in internal discoloration (12.1% up from 0.0%), it was determined that the pile temperature should be raised up to 48oF. Following the temperature increase, sucrose and glucose levels dropped, and chip quality was restored. Internal coloring throughout the rest of the storage season seemed to be more variable compared with bins 1 and 2 where it remained relatively flat throughout the storage season. Temperatures were raised an additional 5oF near the end of the storage season in early May, 2015 to prepare the bin for shipment in June. The bin was shipped on June 8th, 2015 to Better Made Snack Foods in Detroit, MI. Figure 7 shows a finished chip picture from Techmark-Inc. on the day of shipment. Sucrose levels at shipment were at 0.639 percent (X10) and glucose at 0.004 percent. Pressure bruise data mirrored that for the other Manistee bins, where weight loss and bruising with color were reported at 4.84 and 2.7 percent respectively. Reviews from the processor were similar to those as reported for bins 1 and 2; overall they were positive. An Agrtron color rating of 65.3 was reported, with 6.87% total defects (all of which were described as internal defects). Again as with bins 1 and 2, the flattened shape with deep set ends was observed. Figure 8 shows a sample of finished chips that were processed at Better Made Snack Foods and brought to the MSU chip lab for visual documentation. Figure 8. MSU grade sample from bin 3 processed at Better Made Snack Foods on 6.9.15 Based on the results of the 2014-2015 the 2013-2014, and the 2012-2013 bulk bin evaluations, Manistee appears to be an excellent storage candidate for late-season chip processing. Positive attributes of the variety include resistance to pressure bruising and sustained low-levels of reducing sugars throughout the storage season. All three processors that aided in the evaluation process had overall positive reviews regarding the varietal performance, particularly due to the fact that it was processed so late in the storage season. Because of cold-induced sugar accumulation, storage at 46oF was deemed to be too low for this variety. While lower temperatures can slow the progression of tuber diseases, storage at 48oF and 50oF (bins 1 and 2) did not appear to negatively impact the physical quality of the tubers, but did help to maintain long-term chemical quality of the potatoes. Data from MPIC storage trials across the past three storage seasons suggest that the physiological age of Manistee tubers plays a major role in the variety’s ability to maintain low reducing sugars at cooler temperatures. As tubers become more mature, it seems that storage temperatures can be lowered without having negative impacts on sugar quality from cold-induced sugar accumulation. Therefore, understanding the physiological age of this crop prior to storage is important in achieving successful long term storage at low temperatures. Bulk Bins 4 and 5, NY148 Bulk bins 4 and 5 were both filled with NY148, an advanced clone out of the potato breeding program at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. NY148 was selected for bulk bin evaluation based on the clone’s superior performance in on-farm trials and the MRC box bin trial in previous years. In 2014, NY148 averaged a 574 cwt/A US#1 yield across nine locations, 100 cwt/A above the trial average of 474 cwt/A US#1. The clone has also exhibited a high specific gravity (1.089 average in 2014), tolerance to potato common scab, good raw tuber internal quality, and a nice, round tuber shape. It has also chipped well from box bin storage late in the season Figure 9. Techmark-Inc. chip picture of NY148 from the 2013- 2014 box bin trial. The sample shown here is from 5.5.14 Figure 10. Techmark-Inc. chip picture of NY148 taken at bin loading on 10.8.14. Only 4.3% defects were reported on this date as seen in figure 9 above. In for the 2014-2015 storage season, NY148 was grown in a bulk planting at Andersen Brothers, LLC in Montcalm County, MI. The crop was planted on May 19th, 2014 and were vine killed on September 3rd, 2014 (2853 GDD40, 107 DAP). The tubers were harvested on October 8th, 2014 (142 DAP) and subsequently loaded into storage bins 4 and 5 at the MRC. Pulp temperature at the time of bin loading was 53.5oF. Samples were submitted at bin filling to Techmark Inc. for chip quality evaluation. Sucrose levels were at 0.780 percent (X10) and glucose at 0.003 percent. Figure 10 shows a finished chip picture from this sample date. Issues began to arise shortly after bins were loaded, when black spot bruise reports estimated that only 2-4% of tubers sampled were bruise free. To ensure that mistakes had not been made with regards to sampling, tubers were sampled again and yielded the same results as the first evaluation. The results from the subsequent sampling date on October 14th, 2014 revealed that chip quality had been compromised by black spot bruising with 91.1 percent total chip defects reported (Figure 11). Shipment of bins 4 and 5 at this time was expedited, and they were shipped to be dehydrated at a co-op in Pennsylvania. Tuber quality was very poor by the time the shipment reached the processor and is illustrated in figure 12. Figure 11. Techmark-Inc. finished chip picture of NY148 taken one week after bin loading on 10.14.14. Note severe blackspot bruising Figure 12. Raw tuber quality at Pennsylvania dehydration plant Co- op, shortly after bin unloading on 10.27.14 Due to the high susceptibility of blackspot bruising as witnessed in 2014-2015, the Storage and Handling Committee decided to discontinue testing of NY148 for commercialization. 2014 represented a year in which specific gravity was particularly high across the state which led to extremely high specific gravity values in varieties such as NY148, compounding blackspot bruise issues. The results of this project illustrate the importance of commercial testing to diagnose potential varietal pitfalls prior to commercial adoption. Innate™ Snowden storage results Two bulk bins were filled in cooperation with The J.R. Simplot Company to evaluate new chip- processing varieties being developed by the company in regards to storability. Two bins were filled with V11 Innate™ Snowden potatoes from Wisconsin (bin 6) and Michigan (bin 9) while bin 8 was filled with a standard, control ‘Snowden’ grown in Michigan. Sugar profiles were generated for each bin and are described individually below. Overall results are summarized at the end of the bin descriptions. Summaries are only presented for bins 8 and 9 at the request of the company. Figure 15.Techmark-Inc. photo of standard ‘Snowden’ tubers taken at bin loading on 10.28.14 Bulk Bin 8, Standard ‘Snowden’, 48oF, Michigan Bin 8 was filled and first sampled on October 27th, 2014 for chip quality and sugar analysis. Both bins 8 and 9 were grown under the same conditions and on the same location in central Michigan. As can be seen in figure 15 on the right, the condition of the tubers at bin loading was good and blackspot bruising did not appear to be an issue. At bin loading, sucrose levels were at 0.591 percent (X10) and glucose at 0.006 percent. Initial pulp temperature was 53.0oF and the bin was subsequently cooled to 48oF over the next 4 weeks. Sucrose and glucose concentrations remained low for the rest of the storage season until the bins were unloaded on February 17th, 2015. Chip quality at the time of bin unloading was acceptable, with 3.1 percent total defects. Bulk Bin 9, Innate™ Snowden, 48oF, Michigan Bin 9 was filled and first sampled on October 27th, 2014 for chip quality and sugar analysis. Both bins 8 and 9 were grown under the same conditions and on the same location in central Michigan. As can be seen in figure 15 on the right, the condition of the tubers at bin loading was good and blackspot bruising Figure 16.Techmark-Inc. photo of standard ‘Snowden’ tubers taken at bin unloading on 2.17.15 did not appear to be an issue. At bin loading, sucrose levels were at 0.589 percent (X10) and glucose at 0.011 percent. Initial pulp temperature was 53.0oF and the bin was subsequently cooled to 48oF over the next 4 weeks. Sucrose and glucose concentrations remained low for the rest of the storage season although there were sporadic peaks in glucose in late December where glucose concentrations jumped up to 0.014 percent. It subsequently dropped and remained low for the rest of the storage season until bins were shipped on February 16th, 2015. Chip quality at the time of bin unloading was good, with 0.0 percent defects reported. Pressure bruise and shrink were evaluated upon storage removal. Conventional ‘Snowden’ tubers from bin 8 showed 3.2% shrink while bin 9 tubers showed 2.9% shrink. Black spotting that typically accompanies pressure bruising was not observed in either bin. Figure 18. Techmark-Inc. photo of Innate™ Snowden tubers taken at bin loading on 10.28.14 Figure 19. Techmark-Inc. photo of Innate™ Snowden tubers taken at bin unloading on 2.17.15 After evaluating the sugar profiles and finished chip photographs, it does not appear that bins 8 and 9 differed significantly from the other. Both bins were in good condition upon arrival to the storages, although there was some minor glucose accumulation and coloration in the Innate™ Snowden bin tubers initially, glucose levels dropped quickly and chip quality was maintained for most of the rest of the sampled period. The results of this storage trial imply that the management of Innate™ Snowden Gen 1 in storage can be accomplished in a similar manner as a standard ‘Snowden’ storage crop, at least when done so under similar conditions and circumstances described above.