Michigan State University AgBioResearch In Cooperation With Michigan Potato Industry Commission Michigan Potato Research Report Volume 49 2017 M i c h i g a n P o t a t o I n d u s t r y C o m m i s s i o n 3515 West Road - Suite A East Lansing, Michigan 48823 www.mipotato.com email:info@mipotato.com 517.253.7370 fax 517.253.7373 January 12, 2018 To all Michigan Potato Growers and Shippers, Research is at the core of the work that continues on the part of the industry. Through research we are able to test, to study, and to advance Michigan potato production. As crop research expands, we learn more about diseases and storage management. We are able to look at potatoes and their resistance to insects. We can look at the levels of individual elements in a potato and learn more about their relationship with one another, creating a better vegetable in the process. Through research we are able to achieve so many things. The following research report was compiled with the help of the Michigan State University’s AgBioRe- seach and Michigan State University Extension. On behalf of all parties, we are proud to present you with the results of the 2017 potato research projects. We would like to thank our many suppliers, researchers, and all others involved in making this year’s research season a success. As the industry faces new challenges and strives for the perfect potato, we are inspired by the level of cooperation in the industry and look toward future success. Sincerely, Michael R. Wenkel Executive Director Table of Contents Introduction and Acknowledgements 2017 Potato Breeding and Genetics Research Report D.S. Douches, J. Coombs, K. Zarka, G. Steere, M. Zuehlke, D. Zarka, N. Manrique, D. Kells, K. McGlew, C. Zhang and S. Nadakuduti 2017 Potato Variety Evaluations D.S. Douches, J. Coombs, K. Zarka, G. Steere, D. Kells, M. Zuehlke, A. Sardarbekov, K. McGlew, C. Zhang, C. Long, and N. Rosenzweig 2017 On-Farm Potato Variety Trials Chris Long, Katrina Zavislan, Anna Busch, John Calogero, and Dave Douches 2017 On-Farm Soil Health Research: With Special Reference to Bio-Based Systems George Bird, Noah Rosenzweig, Bruno Basso, Roy Black, Rich Price, Lisa Tiemann, and Chris Long Impact of Increased Cropping System Diversity as Measured by Improved Productivity and Sustainability in a Michigan Potato Production System Chris Long, Lisa Tiemann, Noah Rosenzweig, Erin Hill, Marisol Quintanilla, Monica Jean, Katrina Zavislan, Anna Busch, and John Calogero In-Furrow and Foliar Treatment Programs for Management of Potato Early Die (PED), 2017 Noah Rosenzweig, Chris Long, Salta Mambetova, and John Calogero Foliar Treatment Programs for Control of Potato Early Blight, Black Dot and White Mold, 2017 Noah Rosenzweig and Salta Mambetova In-Vitro Sensitivity Distributions of Verticillium dahliae Isolates from Potato to Sedaxane, Solatenol, Difenoconazole, and Fludioxonil, 2017 Noah Rosenzweig and Paula Somohano In-Vitro Sensitivity Distributions of Helminthosporium Solani Isolates to Sedaxane, Solatenol, Difenoconazole, and Fludioxonil from Potato, 2017 Noah Rosenzweig and Paula Somohano In-Vitro Assay to Assess Efficacy of Fluopyram for Inhibition of Verticillium dahliae Conidial Germination, 2017 Noah Rosenzweig and Paula Somohano Page 1 5 17 51 79 87 95 99 103 111 116 In-Furrow Safety of Omega 500F and Foliar Treatment Programs for Control of Potato Common Scab, 2017 Noah Rosenzweig, Salta Mambetova, and John Calogero Crop Rotations and Organic Amendments to Reduce Soil-Borne Disease Severity- Entrican 2017 Noah Rosenzweig, Kurt Steinke, Andrew Chomas, Chris Long, and Salta Mambetova Building Climate Variability into Models that Forecast Pest Pressure on Potato and Developing Strategies for Managing Potato Pests in the Face of Extreme Weather William Wetzel and Zsofia Szendrei Remote sensing to Quantify Spatial Variability of Crop Nitrogen (N) Status and optimize N Fertilizer in Potato Fields. Bruno Basso Nematodes and Potatoes, the Good, the Bad, and How to Win the Battle Marisol Quintanilla-Tornel, Emilie Cole, and Kristin Poley 2016-2017 Michigan Potato Demonstration Storage Annual Report Introduction Chris Long, Katrina Zavislan, Anna Busch, and John Calogero New Chip Processing Variety Box Bin Report Chris Long, Katrina Zavislan, Anna Busch, John Calogero, and Brian Sackett Bulk Bin (500 cwt. Bin) Report Chris Long, Katrina Zavislan, Anna Busch, John Calogero, Jolyn Rasmussen, and Brian Sackett 119 122 124 129 146 149 149 154 166 2017 MICHIGAN POTATO RESEARCH REPORT C. M. Long, Coordinator INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The 2017 Potato Research Report contains reports of the many potato research projects conducted by Michigan State University (MSU) potato researchers at several locations. The 2017 report is the 49th volume, which has been prepared annually since 1969. This volume includes research projects funded by the Potato Special Federal Grant, the Michigan Potato Industry Commission (MPIC), Project GREEEN and numerous other sources. The principle source of funding for each project has been noted in each report. We wish to acknowledge the excellent cooperation of the Michigan potato industry and the MPIC for their continued support of the MSU potato research program. We also want to acknowledge the significant impact that the funds from the Potato Special Federal Grant have had on the scope and magnitude of potato related research in Michigan. Many other contributions to MSU potato research have been made in the form of fertilizers, pesticides, seed, supplies and monetary grants. We also recognize the tremendous cooperation of individual producers who participate in the numerous on-farm projects. It is this dedicated support and cooperation that makes for a productive research program for the betterment of the Michigan potato industry. We further acknowledge the professionalism of the MPIC Research Committee. The Michigan potato industry should be proud of the dedication of this committee and the keen interest they take in determining the needs and direction of Michigan's potato research. Special thanks goes to Mathew Klein for his management of the MSU Montcalm Research Center (MRC) and the many details which are a part of its operation. We also want to recognize Katrina Zavislan, MSU for organizing and compiling this final draft. WEATHER The overall 6-month average maximum and minimum temperatures during the 2017 growing season were nearly identical to the 15 year averages at 74oF and 50oF respectively (Table 1). The average maximum temperatures during April and September was slightly higher than the 15-year average by 1oF. Extreme heat events were about average in 2017 (Table 3) with 14 hours over 3 days in which temperatures exceeded 90 oF during the entire summer. Extreme high nighttime temperatures were slightly lower in 2017 compared to 2016 with only 80 hours over 18 days exceeding 70 oF. The 2017 nighttime extreme temperatures events were the second lowest recorded across the seven year average. Rainfall for April through September was 15.78 inches, which was 0.86 inches below the 15-year average (Table 2). A total of 7.2 inches of irrigation water over 17 application timings was applied to MRC 1 during the time period of late May to early September. In general, precipitation during the spring (April-June) was above average, while late season precipitation (July-September) was below average. Table of Contents1 Table 1. The 15-year summary of average maximum and minimum temperatures (°F) during the growing season at the Montcalm Research Center.* Table 2. The 15-year summary of precipitation (inches per month) recorded during the growing season at the Montcalm Research Center.* May June July August September April Average Year Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. 49 2003 49 2004 51 2005 2006 51 50 2007 49 2008 2009 48 52 2010 51 2011 50 2012 2013 49 49 2014 51 2015 2016 51 2017 50 15-Year Average 58 52 44 54 46 60 41 54 46 54 47 56 40 54 45 57 49 56 48 53 48 55 48 57 45 54 48 53 45 44 78 55 64 67 65 61 73 67 67 70 68 73 73 68 71 70 67 56 62 62 62 53 61 56 64 53 58 51 55 58 53 61 58 57 58 61 56 58 53 62 62 62 58 54 56 60 58 58 72 78 77 68 76 73 74 69 70 74 73 72 77 78 77 74 82 76 81 80 80 80 76 82 79 82 80 79 77 85 77 80 33 37 36 36 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 32 39 34 81 79 82 83 81 80 75 83 85 90 81 77 80 82 81 81 58 53 58 58 58 54 56 61 58 55 54 56 57 60 54 57 72 73 75 72 74 73 71 74 72 77 73 72 73 74 74 73 48 49 51 48 50 50 49 50 48 46 48 47 54 54 50 49 77 74 82 78 82 77 76 77 77 84 77 78 76 78 46 78 55 68 50 Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 15-Year Average April 0.70 1.79 0.69 2.73 2.64 1.59 3.94 1.59 3.42 2.35 7.98 4.24 3.71 2.25 4.45 2.94 May 3.44 8.18 1.39 4.45 1.60 1.69 2.15 3.68 3.08 0.98 4.52 5.51 2.96 2.77 1.98 3.23 June 1.85 3.13 3.57 2.18 1.58 2.95 2.43 3.21 2.38 0.99 2.26 3.25 4.79 1.33 6.37 2.82 July 2.60 1.72 3.65 5.55 2.43 3.07 2.07 2.14 1.63 3.63 1.35 3.71 1.72 3.42 0.92 2.64 August September 2.60 1.99 1.85 2.25 2.34 3.03 4.74 2.63 2.57 3.31 4.06 1.78 2.42 5.35 1.36 2.06 0.32 3.90 3.15 1.18 5.03 1.49 1.88 1.84 0.76 1.33 2.35 3.9 3.05 0.70 2.82 2.20 Total 13.25 17.13 15.05 20.31 11.77 17.36 16.82 15.13 14.92 12.02 21.50 20.84 19.5 18.17 15.78 16.64 Table of Contents2 Table 3. Seven-year heat stress summary (from May 1st – Sept. 30th)* Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Average Temperatures > 90oF Hours Days 14 70 14 0 3 10 14 18 4 15 3 0 1 3 3 4 Night (10pm-8am) Temperatures > 70oF Hours Days 32 174 30 143 28 140 58 15 22 66 31 147 18 80 115 25 GROWING DEGREE DAYS Table 4 summarizes the cumulative growing degree days (GDD) for 2017 while providing historical data from 2005-2017. GDD are presented from May 1st – September 30th using the Baskerville-Emin method with a base temperature of 40 oF. The total GDD base 40 by the end of September in 2017 was 3695 (Table 4), which is 80 GDD lower than the 13-year average of 3775. Table 4. Growing Degree Days* - Base 40°F. Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Average May 419 532 639 447 519 610 567 652 637 522 604 547 480 552 June 1358 1310 1503 1240 1264 1411 1354 1177 1421 1340 1353 1318 1279 1333 July 2289 2298 2379 2147 2004 2424 2388 2280 2334 2120 2230 2263 2202 2258 August September 3187 3180 3277 2973 2800 3402 3270 3153 3179 2977 3051 3274 2990 3132 3906 3707 3966 3596 3420 3979 3848 3762 3798 3552 3789 4053 3695 3775 *2005-2017 data from the weather station at MSU Montcalm Research Center “Enviro-weather”, Michigan Weather Station Network, Entrican, MI. Table of Contents3 PREVIOUS CROPS, TILLAGE AND FERTILIZERS The general potato research area utilized in 2017 was Montcalm Research Center property in the field referred to as ‘MRC1’. This acreage was planted to oats in 2016 with crop residue disked into the soil. In the spring of 2017, the recommended rate of potash was broadcast applied following deep-chisel plowing. The ground was field cultivated and direct planted to potatoes. The area was not fumigated with Vapam prior to potato planting, but Vydate® and Verimark® were applied in- furrow at planting. The soil test analysis for the general crop area (taken in April 2017) was as follows: pH 6.8 P 356 lbs/A K 228 Ca 1218 (178 ppm) (114 ppm) (609 ppm) The fertilizers used in the general plot area are as follows (fertilizer variations used for specific research projects are included in the individual project reports). Mg 188 (94 ppm) Application Analysis Broadcast at plow down At-planting At-cultivation At-hilling Late side dress (late varieties) 0-0-22-11Mg-22S 0-0-0-21Ca-16S 0-0-0-21Ca-12Mg 10%B 0-0-62 0-0-0-9Zn 28-0-0 10-34-0 28-0-0 10-34-0 46-0-0 46-0-0 Rate 200 lbs/A 150 lbs/A 300 lbs/A 6 lbs/A 350 lbs/A 1 qt/A 24 gpa 12 gpa 24 gpa 12 gpa 120 lbs/A 100 lbs/A Nutrients (N-P2O5-K2O-Ca/Mg/S/Zn) 0-0-44-22Mg-44S 0-0-0-32Ca-24S 0-0-0-63Ca-36Mg 0.6 lb. B 0-0-217 0.3 lb. Zn 72-0-0 14-49-0 72-0-0 14-49-0 55-0-0 46-0-0 HERBICIDES AND PEST CONTROL A pre-emergence application of Linex at 1.25 quarts/A and Brawl II at 1.0 pints/A was made in late May. Verimark and Vydate were applied in-furrow at planting at a rate of 13.5 fl oz/A and 2 quarts/A, respectively. Bravo (1.5 pts/A), Koverall (2 lbs/A) Manzate Pro Stick (1 or 2 lbs/A), Tanos (0.5pts/A) and Vertisan (1.5pts/A) fungicides were applied alone or in combination on twelve dates between June and mid-September. Potato vines were desiccated with Reglone in late August or early September at a rate of 2 pints/A. Table of Contents4 2017 MSU POTATO BREEDING AND GENETICS RESEARCH REPORT January 2018 David S. Douches, J. Coombs, K. Zarka, G. Steere, M. Zuelke, D. Zarka, N. Manrique, D. Kells, Kate McGlew, Chen Zhang and Swathi Nadakuduti Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 Cooperators: Robin Buell, Ray Hammerschmidt, Noah Rosenzweig and Chris Long At Michigan State University, we have been dedicated to developing improved INTRODUCTION potato varieties for the chip-processing and tablestock markets since 1988. The program is one of four integrated breeding programs in the North Central region supported through the USDA/NIFA Potato Special Grant. At MSU, we conduct a comprehensive multi-disciplinary program for potato breeding and variety development that integrates traditional and biotechnological approaches to breed for disease and insect resistance that is positioned to respond to scientific and technology opportunities that emerge. We are also developing more efficient methods to breed improved potato varieties. In Michigan, variety development requires that we primarily develop high yielding round white potatoes with excellent chip-processing from the field and/or storage. In addition, there is a need for table varieties (russet, red, yellow, and round white). We conduct variety trials of advanced selections and field experiments at MSU research locations (Montcalm Research Center, Lake City Experiment Station, Clarksville Research Center, and MSU Agronomy Farm), we ship seed to other states and Canadian provinces for variety trials, and we cooperate with Chris Long on grower trials throughout Michigan. Through conventional crosses in the greenhouse, we develop new genetic combinations in the breeding program, and also screen and identify exotic germplasm that will enhance the varietal breeding efforts. With each cycle of crossing and selection we are seeing directed improvement towards improved varieties (e.g. combining chip-processing, scab resistance, PVY resistance, late blight resistance and higher specific gravity). I am happy to see the increase in scab, late blight and PVY resistance in the breeding material and selections. Through the USDA/AFRI SolCAP project we developed a new set of DNA genetic markers (8,303) called SNPs that are located in the 39,000 genes of potato. We now have expanded the number of SNPs to 22,000 and are further expanding the number of SNPS to 35,000 on the next version of the array. This SolCAP translational genomics project has finally giving us the opportunity to link genetic markers to important traits (reducing sugars, starch, scab resistance, etc.) in the cultivated potato lines and then breed them into elite germplasm. The SNPs also allow us to accurately fingerprint the varieties (DNA ID database). In addition, our program has been utilizing genetic engineering as a tool to introduce new genes to improve varieties and advanced germplasm for traits such as Table of Contents5 The breeding goals at MSU are based upon current and future needs of the Michigan insect resistance, late blight and PVY resistance, lower reducing sugar, nitrogen use efficiency and drought. Furthermore, Potatoes USA (USPB) is supporting national early generation trials called the National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT) which will feed lines into the SNaC (SFA) trials and also fast track lines into commercial testing. We are taking advantage of the NCPT fast track to have seed increased for promising chip- processing lines. We also have funding to develop genome editing technologies that may not be classified as genetic engineering through a USDA/BRAG grant. This technology can be used to introduce lower sugars, bruising and asparagine. We also hope to use the technology to edit late blight resistance genes. We also have a USDA/AFRI diploid breeding grant to develop some foundational diploid breeding germplasm. In 2015 we were awarded the USAID grant to generate late blight resistance potatoes for Bangladesh and Indonesia. This project brings us into cutting edge GM work with Simplot and the International Potato Center. Lastly we have NSF-funded grants to better understand the potato genome and study wound-healing in potato. We feel that these in-house capacities (both conventional and biotechnological) put us in a unique position to respond to and focus on the most promising directions for variety development and effectively integrate advanced technologies with the breeding of improved chip-processing and tablestock potatoes. potato industry. Traits of importance include yield potential, disease resistance (scab, late blight, early die, and PVY), insect (Colorado potato beetle) resistance, chipping (out-of-the- field, storage, and extended cold storage) and cooking quality, bruise resistance, storability, along with shape, internal quality, and appearance. If these goals can be met, we will be able to reduce production input costs as well as the reliance on chemical inputs such as insecticides, fungicides and sprout inhibitors, and improve overall agronomic performance with new potato varieties. program to make sound assessments of the breeding selections moving through the program. In 2016 year we constructed a greenhouse to expand our breeding and certified minituber seed production. This greenhouse is at the MSU Crops facility on south campus. In 2016 we began to upgrade the grading line and we would like to complete this process in 2018 then expand storage capacity in the near future. I. Varietal Development Breeding germplasm and advanced seedlings that are improved for cold chipping, and resistance to scab, late blight, and Colorado potato beetle. For the 2017 field season, progeny from about 400 crosses were planted and evaluated. Of those, the majority were crosses to select for round whites (chip-processing and tablestock), with the remainder to select for yellow flesh, long/russet types, red skin, and novelty market classes. During the 2017 harvest, over 1,000 selections were made from the 40,000 seedlings produced. In addition, about 500 first year selections from elite chip-processing crosses segregating for PVY resistance were made. All potential chip-processing selections will be tested in January and April 2018 directly out of 45°F (7.2°C) and 50°F (10°C) storages. Atlantic, Pike (50°F chipper) and Snowden Over the years, key infrastructure changes have been established for the breeding The MSU potato breeding and genetics program is actively producing new Table of Contents6 Over 80% of the single hill selections have a chip-processing parent in their (45°F chipper) are chip-processed as check cultivars. Selections have been identified at each stage of the selection cycle that have desirable agronomic characteristics and chip- processing potential. At the 12-hill and 30-hill evaluation state, about 200 and 80 selections were made, respectively; based upon chip quality, specific gravity, scab resistance, late blight resistance and DNA markers for PVY and Golden nematode resistance. Selection in the early generation stages has been enhanced by the incorporation of the scab and late blight evaluations of the early generation material. We are pushing our early generation selections from the 30-hill stage into tissue culture to minimize PVY issues in our breeding and seed stock. We are now using a cryotherapy method that was developed in our lab to remove viruses. We feel that this technique predictably as well as quickly remove virus from tissue culture stocks. Our results show that we are able to remove both PVY and PVS from lines, but PVS can be difficult to remove in certain lines. We tested the removal of PLRV and succeeded. Over 2000 lines are maintained in tissue culture for the breeding and genetics program. Chip-Processing pedigree. Our most promising advanced chip-processing lines are MSX540-4 (scab, late blight and PVY resistant) MSV313-2 (scab resistant), MSW485-2 (late blight resistant), MSV358-3 (scab resistant), MSW075-2 (scab resistant), MSZ222-19 (scab resistant), MSZ242-09 (scab resistant) and MSZ219-1, MSZ219-13 and MSZ219-14 ( all three sibs are scab, late blight and PVY resistant). We have some newer lines to consider, but we are removing virus from those lines. We are using the NCPT trials to more effectively identify promising new selections. Manistee was licensed to Canada and Chile. MSR127-2, Saginaw Chipper and MSX540-4 are being tested in Australia. Tablestock good cooking quality, high marketable yield and resistance to scab, late blight and PVY. Our current tablestock development goals now are to continue to improve the frequency of scab resistant lines, incorporate resistance to late blight along with marketable maturity and excellent tuber quality, and select more russet and yellow-fleshed lines. We have also been selecting some pigmented skin and tuber flesh lines that fit some specialty markets. There is also interest in some additional specialty mini-potatoes for the “Tasteful selections” market. We have interest from some western specialty potato growers to test and commercial these lines. From our breeding efforts we have identified mostly round white lines, but we also have a number of yellow-fleshed and red-skinned lines, as well as some purple skin selections that carry many of the characteristics mentioned above. We are also selecting for round white, red-skin, and improved Yukon Gold-type yellow-fleshed potatoes. Some of the tablestock lines were tested in on-farm trials in 2017, while others were tested under replicated conditions at the Montcalm Research Center. Promising tablestock lines include MSV093-1, MST252-1Y, MSV179-1, MSW343-2R, MSX569-1R and MSX324-1P. We have a number of tablestock selections with late blight resistance (MSS576-5SPL and MST145-02). MSZ109-8PP and MSZ109-10PP are purple-fleshed chippers with deep purple flesh, round shape and attractive skin. Jacqueline Lee was licensed to Australia and is Efforts have been made to identify lines with good appearance, low internal defects, Table of Contents7 being grown in Central America for its late blight resistance. Spartan Splash, Blackberry and our virus resistance Red Marker potato are being marketed in the specialty markets. Disease and Insect Resistance Breeding Scab: In 2017 we had two locations to evaluate scab resistance: a commercial field with a history of severe scab infection (Sackett Potatoes) and a highly infected site at the Montcalm Research Center in the commercial production area. The commercial site and the Montcalm Research Center both gave us high infection levels. The susceptible checks of Snowden and Atlantic were highly infected with pitted scab. Promising resistant selections were MSV313-2, MST252-1Y, MSV179-1, MSX324-1P, MSW474-01, MSZ219-1, MSZ219-13, MSZ219-14, MSZ222-19 as well as the Z-series selections from the commercial scab site. The high level of scab infection at the on-farm site with a history of scab infection and MRC has significantly helped with our discrimination of resistance and susceptibility of our lines. The MRC scab site was used for assessing scab susceptibility in our advanced breeding lines and early generation material and is summarized below (Figure 1). All susceptible checks were scored as susceptible. Fig. 1. Scab Disease Nursery Ratings from MRC trials Based upon this data, scab resistance is increasing in the breeding program. These data were also incorporated into the early generation selection evaluation process at Lake City. We are seeing that this expanded effort is leading to more scab resistant lines advancing through the breeding program. The ability to select under commercial settings at Sackett Potatoes is accelerating our ability to select for scab resistant varieties. MSZ219-1, MSZ219-13, MSZ219-14, MSZ022-07, MSZ222-19 and MSZ242-09 are some of the first scab resistant chippers to advance through this effort. Late Blight: Our specific objective is to breed improved cultivars for the industry that have foliar and tuber resistance to late blight using a combination of conventional breeding, marker-assisted strategies and transgenic approaches. Through conventional breeding approaches, the MSU potato breeding and genetics program has developed a series of late blight resistant advanced breeding lines and cultivars that have diverse sources of resistance to late blight. In 2017 we conducted late blight trials at the Clarksville Research Center. We inoculated with the US23 genotype and the results are summarized in Figure 2. Over fourteen sources of resistance can be traced in the pedigrees of these resistant lines. This data infers that we have a broad genetic base to combine resistance genes and also should be able to respond to changes in the pathogen. Table of Contents8 Fig. 2. Advanced Breeding lines with foliar late blight resistance to US23 PVY: We are using PCR-based DNA markers to select potatoes resistant to PVY. The gene is located on Chromosome 11. In our first round we made crosses in 2013 to generate over 7,000 progeny segregating for PVY resistance. Each year since 2013 we are making new crosses, making selections and expanding the germplasm base that has PVY resistance (Fig. 3). We are also using DNA markers to also screen for PVX resistance, PLRV resistance, late blight resistance and Golden nematode resistance. Fig. 3 PVY resistant selections in the breeding program Table of Contents9 MSU Lines with Commercial Tracking ________________________________________________________________________ Manistee (MSL292-A) Parentage: Snowden x MSH098-2 Developers: Michigan State University and the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Plant Variety Protection: Applied for. Strengths: Manistee is a chip-processing potato with an attractive round appearance with shallow eyes. Manistee has a full-sized vine and an early to mid-season maturity. Manistee has above average yield potential and specific gravity similar to Snowden. This variety has excellent chip-processing long-term storage characteristics and a similar to better tolerance to blackspot bruise than Snowden. Incentives for production: Excellent chip-processing quality with long-term storage characteristics, above average yield, specific gravity similar to Snowden, and good tuber type. ________________________________________________________________________ Saginaw Chipper (MSR061-1) Parentage: Pike x NY121 Developers: Michigan State University and the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Plant Variety Protection: Trademark Strengths: MSR061-1 is a chip-processing potato with resistance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) and moderate foliar late blight (Phytophthora infestans) resistance. This variety has medium yield similar to Pike and a 1.079 (average) specific gravity and an attractive, uniform, round appearance. MSR061-1 has a medium vine and an early to mid-season maturity. Incentives for production: Chip-processing quality with common scab resistance similar to Pike, moderate foliar late blight resistance (US8 genotype), and uniform, round tuber type. Table of Contents10 ________________________________________________________________________ MSV093-1Y Parentage: McBride x MSP408-14Y Developers: Michigan State University and the MSU AgBioResearch. Plant Variety Protection: To Be Applied For Strengths: MSV093-1Y is a high yield potential yellow-flesh breeding line with an attractive, round tuber shape. This line has demonstrated excellent high yield potential in replicated trials at the MSU Montcalm Research Center and on grower field trials throughout Michigan. This yellow flesh line has excellent internal quality (few defects) and a low incidence of blackspot bruise. MSV093-1Y also has moderate scab tolerance. MSV093-1Y has a strong vine and a mid-early season maturity. Incentives for production: High yield potential with an attractive tuber shape with good yellow flesh with excellent internal quality. ________________________________________________________________________ MSR127-2 Parentage: MSJ167-1 x MSG227-2 Developers: Michigan State University and the MSU AgBioResearch. Plant Variety Protection: To Be Applied For. Strengths: MSR127-2 is a chip-processing potato with resistance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies). This variety yields greater than Atlantic and Snowden, has a 1.086 (average) specific gravity, and an attractive, uniform, round appearance. MSR127-2 has a strong vine and a full-season maturity, and has demonstrated excellent long-term storage chip- processing quality. Incentives for production: Long-term chip-processing quality with common scab resistance similar to Pike, and uniform, round tuber type. Table of Contents11 MSX540-4 (Mackinaw) Parentage: Saginaw Chipper x Lamoka Developers: Michigan State University and the MSU AgBioResearch. Plant Variety Protection: To Be Applied For. Strengths: MSX540-4 is a chip- processing potato with resistance to potato virus Y (PVY), late blight (Phytophthora infestans), tolerance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies), and demonstrated tolerance to Verticillium wilt. This variety has average yield with a high specific gravity, and a high percentage of A-size tubers with an attractive, uniform shape. MSX540-4 has a strong vine and a mid- to late-season maturity, and has demonstrated excellent long-term storage chip-processing quality. MSX540-4 has performed well in multiple locations in the PotatoesUSA National Chip Processing Trials (NCPT). Incentives for production: Long-term chip-processing quality with resistance to PVY and late blight, and tolerance to common scab. Morphological Characteristics: Plant: Medium height vine, semi-erect with a balance between stems and foliage visible, and flowers. Tubers: Round tubers with lightly netted, tan colored skin. Tubers have a creamy-white flesh with a low incidence of internal defects. Agronomic Characteristics: Vine Maturity: Mid- to late-season maturity. Tubers: Smooth shaped tubers with lightly netted, tan colored skin and a creamy-white flesh. Yield: Average yield under irrigated conditions, with uniform A-size tubers. Specific Gravity: Averages similar to above Snowden in Michigan. Culinary Quality: Chip-processes from short to long-term storage. Diseases: Resistant to PVY and late blight (Phytophthora infestans), tolerant to common scab (Streptomyces scabies). Table of Contents12 MSW485-2 (Huron Chipper) Parentage: MSQ070-1 x MSR156-7 Developers: Michigan State University and the MSU AgBioResearch. Plant Variety Protection: To Be Applied For. Strengths: MSW485 is a chip- processing potato with resistance to and late blight (Phytophthora infestans), and stronger tolerance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) than Atlantic. This variety has high yield and good specific gravity, with attractive, uniformly round tubers. MSW485-2 has a strong vine and a mid-season maturity, and has demonstrated excellent long-term storage chip-processing quality. MSW485-2 has performed well in multiple locations in the PotatoesUSA National Chip Processing Trials (NCPT) and national SFA (SNaC) trials. Incentives for production: Excellent chip-processing quality out of the field and long- term chip quality with resistance to late blight and a good size profile. Morphological Characteristics: Plant: Medium height vine, semi-erect with a balance between stems and foliage visible, and flowers. Tubers: Uniform, smooth, round tubers with lightly netted, tan colored skin. Tubers have a white flesh with a low incidence of internal defects. Agronomic Characteristics: Vine Maturity: Mid-season maturity. Tubers: Smooth, round tubers with lightly netted, tan colored skin and a white flesh. Yield: Above average yield under irrigated conditions, with uniform tubers. Specific Gravity: Averages similar to above Atlantic and Snowden. Culinary Quality: Chip-processes from short to long-term storage. Diseases: Resistant to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and tolerant to common scab (Streptomyces scabies). Table of Contents13 MSX569-1R (Ilse Royale) Parentage: MSS002-2R x MSS544-1R Developers: Michigan State University and the MSU AgBioResearch. Plant Variety Protection: To Be Applied For. Strengths: MSX569-1R is a fresh market variety with an attractive red skin, bright white flesh, excellent round tuber shape, and tolerance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies). This variety has average yield with a high percentage of A-size tubers with an attractive, uniform shape. The bright red skin is highly desirable in the fresh market, and also maintains good red color in storage. This line has demonstrated good marketable yield potential in replicated trials at the MSU Montcalm Research Center, on grower field trials throughout Michigan, as well as in North Central Regional Trials, and trials in Florida and North Carolina. MSX569-1R has excellent internal quality (few defects) and a low incidence of blackspot bruise. Incentives for production: Fresh market variety with a bright red skin, attractive tuber size and shape, excellent internal quality, and tolerance to common scab. Morphological Characteristics: Plant: Medium height vine, semi-erect with a balance between stems and foliage visible, and flowers. Tubers: Round tubers with a smooth, bright red colored skin. Tubers have an attractive white flesh with a low incidence of internal defects. Agronomic Characteristics: Maturity: Mid-season maturity. Tubers: Round tubers with a red skin and an attractive white flesh. Yield: Average yield under irrigated conditions, similar or better than Red Norland. Specific Gravity: Good fresh market specific gravity (1.055 in Michigan). Culinary Quality: Excellent culinary quality. Diseases: Tolerance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies). Table of Contents14 The trait mapping populations have been a major research focus for us over the The diploid genetic material represent material from South American potato species II. Germplasm Enhancement previous four years as we try to correlate the field data with the genetic markers. We now have DNA SNP markers linked to late blight resistance, scab resistance, chip color, tuber asparagine and specific gravity. We will now start using this linkage information to assist us in breeding. Our first SNP marker is linked to a gene for late blight resistance on Chr. 9 and the second is located on Chr. 10 with new ones recently identified on Chr. 4 and Chr. 5. The ability to use the DNA markers to stack a set of late blight resistance genes will lead to durable late blight resistance. and other countries around the world that are potential sources of resistance to Colorado potato beetle, late blight, potato early die, and ability to cold-chip process. We are now placing more emphasis on the diploid breeding effort because of the advantages the breeding system brings when we introduce the ability to self-pollinate a line. Features of diploid breeding include 1) a simpler genetic system than current breeding methods, 2) tremendous genetic diversity for economic traits, 3) minimal crossing barriers to cultivated potato, 4) the ability to reduce genetic load (or poor combinations) through selfing and 5) the ability to create true breeding lines like wheat, soybeans and dry beans. We are also using some inbred lines of S. chacoense that have fertility and vigor (also a source of Verticillium wilt resistance to initiate our efforts to develop inbred lines with our own diploid germplasm. We have over 40 populations that we are cycling to make selections and we also selected diploid progeny from Atlantic, Superior, Manistee, MSZ219-14, Kalkaska, MSR127-2, MSS576-5SPL and others to cross to the self compatible material so we can develop inbred chip-processing diploid lines. This new diploid potato breeding project is expanding to develop promising lines to use as parents in the future as well as to think about F1 hybrid varieties like the breeders release with corn. We have used lines with Verticillium wilt resistance, PVY resistance, and cold chip- processing. We are monitoring the introgression of this germplasm through marker assisted selection. Through previous GREEEN funding, we were able to continue a breeding effort to introgress leptine-based insect resistance using new material selected from USDA/ARS material developed in Wisconsin. With our new diploid breeding initiative we have developed a mapping population to link the beetle resistance with SNP markers. We will continue conducting field screening for resistance to Colorado potato beetle at the Montcalm Research Center. These lines are being used crosses to further transmit insect resistance. III. Integration of Genetic Engineering with Potato Breeding Regarding late blight resistance, we have many lines with the RB gene for late blight resistance transformed into MSU lines. The addition of the RB gene allows us to test the effect of multiple resistance genes on the strength of resistance. Our data supports the need to pyramid the late blight resistance R-genes to achieve the best levels of resistance. The RB gene is in Jacqueline Lee and MSL268-D. We now have generated some lines with 3-R-genes stacked with one transformation Table of Contents15 We have also generated lines with the genes for water use efficiency (WUE). Field trials with reduced fertilizer and non-irrigated conditions were conducted for a subset of these lines from 2014 to 2017. The XERICO gene is showing the most promise. Lastly, we have generated and selected a Kalkaska invertase silencing line (Kal91.03) that has resistance to accumulating reducing sugars in 40F storage. We tested the agronomic characteristics of Kal91.03 in 2016 and 2017. The initial results are suggesting that the invertase silencing line has good tuber type, size and similar specific gravity. This suggests that we can correct sugar issues in a chip processing lines with this genetic engineering strategy. We will continue to evaluate in 2018. Chipped directly after 3 months at 40F Table of Contents16 Funding: Fed. Grant/MPIC/Potatoes USA 2017 POTATO VARIETY EVALUATIONS D.S. Douches, J. Coombs, K. Zarka, G. Steere, D. Kells, M. Zuehlke, A. Sardarbekov, K. McGlew, C. Zhang, C. Long and N. Rosenzweig Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 Each year, the MSU potato breeding and genetics team conducts a series of INTRODUCTION variety trials to assess advanced potato selections from the Michigan State University and other potato breeding programs at the Montcalm Research Center (MRC). In 2017, we tested over 200 varieties and breeding lines in the replicated variety trials, plus over 150 lines in the National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT). The variety evaluation also includes disease testing in the scab nursery (Montcalm Research Center) and foliar late blight evaluation (Clarksville Research Center). The objectives of the evaluations are to identify superior varieties for fresh or chip-processing markets (chip, round white/yellow table, specialty/red and russet). The varieties were compared in groups according to market class, tuber type, skin color, and to the advancement in selection. Each season, total and marketable yields, specific gravity, tuber appearance, incidence of external and internal defects, chip color (from the field as well as from 45°F (7.2°C) and 50°F (10°C) storage at 3 and 6 months), along with susceptibilities to common scab, late blight (foliar and tuber), and blackspot bruising are determined. We would like to acknowledge the collaborative effort of the Michigan Potato Industry and research colleagues Mathew Klein and the MSU Potato Breeding Team (especially N. Garrity, M. Alhashany, S. Islam, E. Pawa, F. Enciso, N. Kirkwyland, G. Billings and M. Forbush) for helping to get the field research done. PROCEDURE Entrican, MI. They were planted as randomized complete block designs with two to four replications. The plots were 23 feet (7 m) long and spacing between plants was 10 inches (25.4 cm). Inter-row spacing was 34 inches (86.4 cm). Supplemental irrigation was applied as needed. Nutrient, weed, disease and insect management were similar to recommendations used by the commercial operations in Montcalm County. The field experiments were conducted on a sandy loam soil that has been out of potato production for 12 years. Oats were grown in 2016 on this ground. trials, representing selections at a stage after the preliminary trials. The other field trials The most advanced selections were tested in the Advanced chip and tablestock The field variety trials were conducted at the Montcalm Research Center in Table of Contents17 were the North Central, Russet, Preliminary (chip-processors and tablestock), Preliminary Pigmented, the NCPT and the early observational trials. 2017 was the seventh year of the National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT). The purpose of the trial is to evaluate early generation breeding lines from the US public breeding programs for their use in chip-processing. The NCPT has 9 trial locations (Northern sites: NY, MI, WI, ND, OR and Southern: NC, FL, CA, TX) in addition to a scab trial in MN. For 2017, the scab trial was conducted in Wisconsin instead of Minnesota. In each of these trials, the yield was graded into four size classes, incidence of external and internal defects in >3.25 in. (8.25 cm) diameter (or 10 oz. (283.5 g) for Russet types) potatoes were recorded. Samples were taken for specific gravity, chip- processing, disease tests and bruising tests. Chip quality was assessed on 25-tuber composite sample from four replications, taking two slices from each tuber. Chips were fried at 365°F (185°C) for 2 minutes 15 seconds or until fully cooked. The chip color was measured visually with the SFA 1-5 color chart and a Hunter Colorimeter using crushed chips. Tuber samples were also stored at 45°F (7.2°C) and 50°F (10°C) for chip- processing out of storage in January and April. Select advanced selections are also placed in the MPIC B.F. Burt Cargill Commercial Demonstration Storage in Entrican, MI for monthly sampling. The lines in the agronomic trials were assessed for common scab resistance at the nursery at the Montcalm Research Center. There has been very strong scab disease pressure at the new Montcalm Scab Disease Nursery for six years now. The 2017 late blight trial was conducted at the Clarksville Research Center. Maturity ratings (1 early - 5 late) were taken for all variety trial plots in late August to differentiate early and late maturing lines. The simulated blackspot bruise (from 50F tuber temperature) results for average spots per tuber have also been incorporated into the summary sheets. RESULTS A. Advanced Chip-Processing Trial (Table 1) A summary of the 29 entries evaluated in the trial results is given in Table 1. Overall, the yields for the Advanced trial (136 days) were above average to above. The check varieties for this trial were Snowden, Atlantic, Pike and Lamoka. The highest yielding and most promising lines were MSZ222-19, MSV313-2, MSR127-2, MSZ052- 11, MSW485-2 and MSZ219-1. Internal defects were minimal for 2017 except for Pike which had 40% internal brown spot in the large tubers. Specific gravity was high with a trial average of 1.086. Snowden and Atlantic had a specific gravity of 1.090 and 1.093, respectively. All chip-processing entries in the trial had excellent chip-processing quality out of the field, with an SFA score of 1.0. Many of the MSU breeding lines have good scab resistance. Sixteen MSU chipping lines were classified as having scab resistance scores better than Lamoka (see Table 1). Other promising lines in the trial were MSX540-4 (PVY and late blight resistant and scab tolerant), MSV030-4 (scab resistant), MSZ219-13, MSZ219-46 and MSZ219-14 (all three are scab, PVY and late blight Table of Contents18 North Central Regional Trial Entries (Table 2) The North Central Trial is conducted in a wide range of environments (4 regional resistant). MSX540-4 is being named Machinaw, and MSW485-2 is being named Huron Chipper. B. locations) to provide adaptability data for the release of new varieties from Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota and Wisconsin. The trial was reformatted to focus on table potatoes. Twenty-seven entries were tested in Michigan in 2017. The results are presented in Table 2. The reference varieties for this trial were Red Norland, Yukon Gold and Russet Norkotah. The highest yielding line in the trial was MSY111-3. MSY111-3 produces a high percentage of oversize tubers that with no internal defects moderate scab tolerance. Other MSU lines that looked promising were MSW316-3PY, MSX324-1P (top appearance plus scab resistance), MSX569-1R and QSNDSU07- 4RThere are some promising red-skinned and russet entries from North Dakota and Wisconsin. MSX569-1R is being named Ilse Royale. C. We continue to increase our russet breeding efforts to reflect the growing interest in russet types in Michigan. In 2017 19 lines were evaluated after 133 days. The results are summarized in Table 3. The Russet trial includes entries from the North Central Regional Trial (NCR). Russet Norkotah, GoldRush and Silverton Russet were the reference varieties used in the trial. In general, the yields were average for many russet lines while both references had below average yields. Specific gravity average for the trial was 1.081. There was not a high level of internal defects nor cull tubers. Bruise incidence was average. The highest yielding lines were A08433-4VRRUS, Silverton Russet, A07061-6RUS and AF5179-4RUS. Scab resistance was common among the lines but susceptibility was observed in a number of the russet lines (see Table 3). Late blight resistance was observed in Payette Russet at the CRC trial. D. results of 36 lines are summarized in Table 4. The many of the lines evaluated in the Adaptation Trial were tested in the Preliminary Trial the previous year. Four reference cultivars (Superior, Reba, Yukon Gold and Onaway) are reported in the tablestock trial. In general, the yields were above average and internal defects were low, but Elfe had 30% brown center incidence. The highest yielding lines were some European protected varieties. MSW125-1 is an attractive table selection high yield potential and scab tolerance. The challenge remains to combine scab and late blight resistance together. The lines with scab tolerance were MSX324-1P, MSW316-2PY, Oneida Gold from Wisconsin and some European varieties. Promising late blight tolerant lines were MSX324-1P and MSS576-5SPL. Russet Trial (Table 3) Adaptation Trial (Table 4) The Adaptation Trial of the tablestock lines was harvested after 128 days and the Table of Contents19 The Preliminary trials (chip, table, pigmented) are the first replicated trials for E. Preliminary Trials (Tables 5, 6 and 7) evaluating new advanced selections from the MSU potato breeding program. The division of the trials was based upon pedigree assessment for chip-processing and tablestock utilization. In 2017, there were 117 lines trialed in the three Preliminary trials. The chip-processing Preliminary Trial (Table 5) had 59 entries was harvested after 126 days. Most lines chip-processed well from the field but specific gravity values were acceptable with Snowden at 1.091. Internal quality was predominantly vascular discoloration with other defects being more incidental for most lines. Promising MSU lines are MSZ025-2, MSX2225-2, MSX245-2y, MSZ022-16, and MSV507-007 combining yield, specific gravity, scab resistance and chip quality. We continue to make progress selecting for chip-processing with scab resistance with 32 lines in the trial with scab ratings equal or lower than 1.5. We are also combing chip-processing quality and late blight resistance, with 4 selections demonstrating strong foliar late blight resistance, and 3 lines with moderate late blight resistance. Table 6 summarizes 27 tablestock entries evaluated in the Preliminary Tablestock Trial. Reba and Superior were the check varieties. This tablestock trial was harvested and evaluated after 121 days. MSZ615-2, MSZ590-1, MSZ622-1, MSV111-2 and MSX496-06 were the promising highest yielding lines. The first 4 lines mentioned combine high yield potential with scab resistance and good internal quality. MSX496-06 combines late blight resistance with good yield and tuber appearance. This trial also had a number of lines with higher levels of internal brown spot. The number of tablestock selections with scab resistance (16) and late blight resistance (8) continue to increase. The interest in the specialty market continues to increase. In 2016 31 were evaluated in a targeted Preliminary Pigmented Trial (Table 7), which was harvested at 121 days. This trial evaluated breeding lines with unique skin and flesh colors. These lines have commercial agronomic performance and specialty characteristics, as well as some scab and late blight resistance. The most promising lines for yield were MSZ109- 08PP, MSZ109-10PP, MSZ443-01PP and MSZ428-1PP. The purple-fleshed lines are noted for their intense dark flesh color combined with round tuber shape and bright skins. Scab resistance was noted in 18 of the entries. Also, only 4 lines had foliar tolerance to late blight in the CRC late blight trials. F. scab. The scab trial is now located at the Montcalm Research Center where high common scab disease pressure was observed in the previous six years. This location is being used for the early generation observational scab trial (379 lines) and the scab variety trial (256 lines). Each year, a replicated field trial is conducted to assess resistance to common Potato Common Scab Evaluation (Tables 8 and 9) Table of Contents20 There are also an increasing number of scab resistant lines that also have late We use a rating scale of 0-5 based upon a combined score for scab coverage and lesion severity. Usually examining one year's data does not indicate which varieties are resistant but it should begin to identify ones that can be classified as susceptible to scab. Our goal is to evaluate important advanced selections and varieties in the study at least three years to obtain a valid estimate of the level of resistance in each line. The 2014- 2016 scab ratings are based upon the Montcalm Research Center site. Table 8 categorizes many of the varieties and advanced selections tested in 2017 over a three-year period. The varieties and breeding lines are placed into six categories based upon scab infection level and lesion severity. A rating of 0 indicates zero scab infection. A score of 1.0 indicates a trace amount of infection. A moderate resistance (1.2 – 1.5) correlates with <10% infection. Scores of 4.0 or greater are found on lines with >50% surface infection and severe pitted lesions. The check varieties Russet Norkotah, GoldRush, Red Norland, Yukon Gold, Onaway, Pike, Atlantic, and Snowden can be used as references (bolded in Table 8). The table is sorted in ascending order by 2017 scab rating. This year’s results continue to indicate that we have been able to breed numerous lines with resistance to scab. Scab ratings ranged from 0.5 -3.8 for the variety trial. A total of 118 lines, of the 256 tested, had a scab rating of 1.5 or lower in 2017. Most notable scab resistant MSU lines are found in the trial summaries (Tables 1-7). blight resistance and PVY resistance such as Saginaw Chipper (MSR061-1), MSX540-4, MSZ219-1, MSZ219-13 and MSZ219-14. We also continue to conduct early generation scab screening on selections in the breeding program beginning after two years of selection. Of the 379 early generation selections that were evaluated, 220 had scab resistance (scab rating of ≤ 1.5) (Table 9). The early generation selections also include diploid selections. H. Late Blight Trial (Tables 10 and 11) In 2017, the late blight trial was planted at the Clarksville Research Center. 317entries were planted in early June for late blight evaluation. These include lines tested in a replicated manner from the agronomic variety trial (189 lines) and 128 entries in the early generation observation plots. The trials were inoculated in late July and August with the US-23 genotype of P. infestans. Late blight infection was identified in the plots about one month after the first inoculation due to the hot dry weather. The plots were evaluated 1-2 times per week over a 6-week period following inoculation. In 2017 the replicated variety trial 31 lines had late blight resistance, while 35 lines in the early generation observation plots had late blight resistance. These were from various late blight resistance sources in the pedigree of the selections (LBR9, Malinche, Kenya Baraka, Monserrat, Torridon, Stirling, NY121, Tollocan, B0718-3, Chaposa, S. bulbocastanum, S. microdontum, Muruta, Enfula, Perkoz, Basadre, etc.). Most notable lines with late blight resistance include Payette Russet, MSX540-4, MSZ219-01, MSZ219-13, MSZ219-14, MSX497-06, MSW485-2, MSW121-2R and MSV235-2PY. Table of Contents21 Evaluations of advanced seedlings and new varieties for their susceptibility to I. Blackspot Bruise Susceptibility (Table 12) blackspot bruising are also important in the variety evaluation program. Based upon the results collected over the past years, the non-bruised check sample has been removed from our bruise assessment. A composite bruise sample of each line in the trials consisted of 25 tubers (a composite of 4 replications) from each line, collected at the time of grading. The 25 tuber sample was held in 50°F (10°C) storage overnight and then was placed in a hexagon plywood drum and tumbled 10 times to provide a simulated bruise. The samples were peeled in an abrasive peeler in October and individual tubers were assessed for the number of blackspot bruises on each potato. These data are shown in Table 12. The bruise data are represented in two ways: percentage of bruise free potatoes and average number of bruises per tuber. A high percentage of bruise-free potatoes is the desired goal; however, the numbers of blackspot bruises per potato is also important. Cultivars which show blackspot incidence greater than Atlantic are approaching the bruise-susceptible rating. In addition, the data is grouped by trial, since the bruise levels can vary between trials. In 2017 the bruise levels were average compared to previous years. There are many lines with lower blackspot bruise potential across the trials. Some of our advanced selections are similar to or less than Atlantic and Snowden in their level of bruising. A few lines will high susceptibility to bruise were identified and will be discontinued from testing. All the bruise ratings are also found in the variety trial tables (Tables 1-7). J. National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT) data available on-line The Potatoes USA-funded National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT) is an effort to synergize the strengths of the public breeding programs in the U.S. to identify improved chip-processing varieties for the industry. Cooperating breeding programs include the USDA (Idaho and Maryland) and land grant universities (Colorado, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, North Dakota, New York, Oregon, Wisconsin and Texas). The coordinated breeding effort includes early stage evaluation of key traits (yield, specific gravity, chip color, chip defects and shape) from coordinated trials in 11 locations. Since the inception of the trial in 2010, over 800 different potato entries, including reference varieties, have been evaluated. The data for all the lines tested are summarized on a searchable, centralized database housed at Medius Ag. More than 40 promising new breeding lines from the trials have been fast-tracked for larger-scale commercial trials and processor evaluation. The NCPT is also a feeder for the national SNaC International trials. The data from all trials are available in a searchable, on-line database (https://potatoesusa.mediusag.com). We are using the NCPT trials to more effectively identify promising new selections. These are MSV301-2, MSV358-3, MSW485-2, MSW509-5 and MSX540-4. MSZ219-1, MSZ219-14 and MSW075-1 have been added to the mini-fast track. Minituber production and/or commercial seed have been produced of these lines and will be tested in Michigan in 2018. Table of Contents22 Table 1 LINE MSX150-1 MSZ222-19 MSV313-02 MSR127-2 MSZ052-11 MSW485-2 MSZ219-01 Snowden Atlantic MSX542-2 MSZ219-46 Manistee MSZ242-09 MSZ219-13 W8822-1 AF4138-8 MSV033-01 MSV358-3 MSZ219-14 MSW075-01 Lamoka MSV030-04 Pike MSW064-1 MSV331-3 MSZ242-07 MSV380-1 MSX540-4 MSZ242-13 MEAN HSD0.05 ADVANCED CHIP-PROCESSING TRIAL MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER May 9 to September 22, 2017 (136 days) DD Base 40°F 29359 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL1 N US#1 4 573 562 3 523 4 516 4 515 4 4 492 457 4 442 4 439 4 4 410 408 3 403 4 402 4 397 4 4 397 395 2 380 4 377 4 4 375 368 4 368 4 361 4 342 2 4 338 324 4 295 4 285 3 4 276 245 4 402 166 TOTAL 602 600 534 547 557 563 477 479 465 451 436 431 448 424 442 445 423 416 392 419 397 410 360 368 362 359 314 313 285 439 167 US#1 95 94 98 94 93 87 96 92 94 91 94 93 90 94 90 89 90 90 96 87 93 88 95 92 89 82 91 88 86 Bs 4 4 2 5 6 12 4 8 4 8 5 6 8 6 8 11 8 10 3 13 7 11 5 8 11 15 8 12 13 As OV PO 76 1 2 79 1 36 0 83 1 80 84 1 1 85 0 88 1 70 69 1 1 83 0 81 2 78 1 85 78 2 0 81 2 61 0 83 74 1 0 83 1 82 1 82 0 71 85 0 0 83 3 74 1 87 84 0 1 82 19 15 62 11 12 3 11 4 24 22 11 12 11 8 12 8 29 8 22 4 11 6 24 7 6 8 4 4 4 SP GR 1.082 1.083 1.084 1.086 1.080 1.090 1.084 1.090 1.093 1.083 1.080 1.084 1.094 1.078 1.090 1.066 1.086 1.078 1.084 1.080 1.086 1.092 1.091 1.085 1.076 1.097 1.085 1.093 1.098 1.086 0.010 PERCENT (%) CHIP SCORE2 SED3 HH VD IBS BC SCAB5 MAT6 BRUISE7 TUBER QUALITY4 OTF LB8 RAUDPC x100 3-YR AVG US#1 CWT/A 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 - 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0 7 5 0 0 30 5 0 18 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 20 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 18 3 5 10 15 5 13 33 3 3 3 3 10 3 8 20 20 8 8 20 5 8 10 25 0 0 3 18 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 5 0 0 5 0 3 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 13 0 0 10 3 0 3 0 0 0 5 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.0 2.0 2.8 4.0 3.5 2.3 3.8 4.0 3.8 2.5 4.0 2.8 3.5 3.3 2.8 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.8 3.5 4.0 3.4 2.3 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.8 1.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 1.0 2.3 1.7 0.5 0.7 1.5 2.3 1.5 0.7 1.2 1.7 2.0 0.7 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.7 2.2 1.5 1.4 2.0 3.0 1.5 1.4 2.3 1.7 0.9 1.2 2.6 1.4 0.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.6 1.5 0.5 2.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.5 0.8 2.4 0.6 0.7 1.7 1.0 1.4 - - - - - 16.3 9.7 19.6 24.3 24.0 6.7 - 26 2.9 24.8 30.0 - - 9.8 34.1 29.0 - 19.9 21.6 41.6 - - 11.8 - - 29.0 - 524* 423 451 - 444* 457* 432 400 - - 312 413* - - - 371* 345 395* - 341 344 309* - - - 271 335 243* 366 1SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. 2CHIP SCORE: SNAC Scale (Out of the field); Ratings: 1-5; 1: Excellent, 5: Poor. 3SED: Stem End Defect, Based on Paul Bethke's (USDA/UWisconsin - Madison) 0 - 5 scale. 0 = no SED; 3 = significant SED; 5 = severe SED 4QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 40 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 5SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 6MATURITY RATING: August 29, 2017; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 7BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test, average number of spots per tuber. * Two-Year Average Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 5/9/17 8/31/17 114 9Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table of Contents23 Table 2 LINE Yellow Flesh and Pigmented W13100-5Y MSN230-1RY ND1243-1PY Yukon Gold W13103-2Y ND113207-1R QSNDSU07-04R ND1241-1Y Red Norland MSW316-3PY MST075-1R AND00272-1R W10209-2R ATND99331-2PintoY MSX569-1R MSX324-1P ND1232B-2RY MSV434-01Y Russet W13030-3rus W13008-1rus W13014-5rus W13027-32rus W9523-1rus Russet Norkotah W13006-2rus Round White MSY111-01 MSU161-01 MEAN HSD0.05 NORTH CENTRAL REGIONAL TRIAL MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER May 09 to September 14, 2017 (128 days) DD Base 40°F 29357 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL1 N US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 HH VD IBS BC SCAB3 MAT4 Bruise5 LB6 RAUDPC x100 3-YR AVG US#1 CWT/A 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 428 426 359 351 348 326 297 288 263 241 234 223 222 214 213 213 211 150 459 424 305 241 224 205 199 465 493 434 379 399 407 358 362 293 287 259 356 285 255 259 256 353 178 559 472 360 366 278 271 301 545 234 290.5 576 256 352.4 92 85 82 93 87 79 83 79 89 84 89 62 77 83 83 83 58 84 82 89 82 67 80 76 60 95 91 3 12 17 6 13 21 15 20 9 7 8 32 22 13 14 14 42 15 12 9 11 11 18 22 34 4 6 85 79 81 83 81 76 81 79 89 80 75 62 77 72 80 82 58 84 79 74 75 53 77 76 60 68 77 7 6 1 10 6 3 2 0 0 4 14 0 0 11 3 1 0 0 3 15 7 14 4 0 0 27 14 5 3 1 2 0 0 2 1 2 9 3 6 1 4 3 3 0 1 6 2 7 22 2 2 5 1 3 1.083 1.083 1.079 1.080 1.060 1.062 1.066 1.091 1.063 1.072 1.074 1.063 1.071 1.069 1.058 1.081 1.071 1.073 1.090 1.072 1.094 1.071 1.075 1.068 1.087 1.077 1.075 1.074 0.011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 15 5 0 0 0 5 15 0 10 0 5 0 5 5 10 10 10 10 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0 4.0 3.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.0 3.0 3.0 1.5 1.5 3.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 4.0 3.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.5 3.5 2.5 0.6 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.1 1.0 0.8 0.4 2.7 0.5 1.9 1.2 1.8 0.7 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.8 1.2 2.7 2.2 1.2 2.0 1.3 3.2 1.5 1.7 1.7 ND 1.5 2.2 1.5 0.8 ND 1.6 2.5 1.2 1.3 2.3 1.3 1.9 2.3 1.7 2.2 1.8 2.0 22.4 44.6 33.3 25.8 - - 31 26 - 27 - - - - 47 26 - - 19.5 39.5 10 26 29 28.1 35.8 19 12.2 - 29.0 - - - 374 - - - - 332 310* - - 295 271* - 238 - - - - - - - 277* 272* - - 310 1SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. 2QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 40 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 3SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 4MATURITY RATING: August 29, 2017; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 5BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test, average number of spots per tuber. 6LB RAUDPC: Late blight (P. infestans US-23) foliar disease reaction. * Two-Year Average Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 5/9/17 8/31/17 114 7Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table of Contents24 Table 3 RUSSET TRIAL MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER May 09 to September 19, 2017 (133 days) DD Base 40°F 29357 CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL1 LINE A08433-4VRRUS Silverton Russet A07061-6Rus AF5179-4Rus Russet Norkotah CW08221-5Rus Goldrush WND8625-2Rus ATX91137-1Rus (Reveille Russet) WAF10073-3Rus AF5091-8Rus AF5312-1Rus ND050032-4Rus W9742-3Rus CO8155-2RU/Y A02507-2LB (Payette Russet) A06021-1TRus A06030-23Rus TX08352-5Rus MEAN HSD0.05 N 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 4 4 US#1 526 510 483 455 435 407 402 389 387 376 369 351 347 334 264 263 238 203 140 362 183 TOTAL 632 572 620 527 498 487 496 430 457 496 453 424 442 405 376 337 324 292 252 448 178 US#1 83 89 78 86 87 84 81 90 84 76 81 77 79 82 71 78 71 70 54 Bs 14 7 20 10 9 13 11 7 10 18 7 19 13 12 25 16 23 21 44 As OV PO 81 3 4 74 2 77 4 76 3 76 77 3 8 73 2 72 7 72 6 72 63 12 4 75 8 71 6 80 4 71 74 6 5 68 8 68 54 2 2 15 1 10 11 7 9 19 12 4 18 2 8 3 0 4 4 3 0 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 SP GR HH VD IBS BC SCAB3 1.086 1.078 1.084 1.094 1.077 1.066 1.076 1.082 1.077 1.073 1.072 1.079 1.081 1.102 1.080 1.092 1.083 1.087 1.067 1.081 0.010 2.2 0.8 2.7 3.8 1.9 1.2 1.5 2.7 1.7 1.0 2.5 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.5 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.8 2.0 0 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 3 2.5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 5 0 3 3 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 5 3 5 3 10 8 3 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 3 8 5 0 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS MAT4 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.3 2.3 2.5 3.8 3.5 2.3 2.0 2.8 3.5 3.5 2.5 4.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 3.0 BRUISE5 1.6 1.2 1.8 3.1 1.3 2.3 0.8 1.2 1.0 2.7 1.3 2.3 1.3 0.7 1.6 2.3 1.2 2.9 1.7 1.7 LB6 RAUDPC x100 17.8 13.8 34.9 19.7 28.1 23.3 45.8 42.4 35.0 35.8 28.3 30.8 24.0 14.6 14.4 0.2 44.6 40.0 46.6 - 29.0 3-YR AVG US#1 CWT/A - 365 - - 313 - - - 389 - 374* - 376* 284 - - - - 241* 338 1SIZE: B: < 4 oz.; A: 4-10 oz.; OV: > 10 oz.; PO: Pickouts. 2QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 40 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 3SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 4MATURITY RATING: August 29, 2017; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 5BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test average number of spots per tuber. 6LB RAUDPC: Late blight (P. infestans US-23) foliar disease reaction. * Two-Year Average Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 5/9/17 8/31/17 114 7Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table of Contents25 Table 4 LINE Jelly Cerrata Musica MSW125-1 Melou W9576-11Y MSW125-3 Julinka Allora Onaway MSV301-02 Superior Reba NY149 NY161 Elfe Montreal Yukon Gold Madison Oneida Gold Viviana MSU161-1 Wega NY157 Alegria NDAF102629C-4 Wendy MSW316-3PY MSS576-5SPL MST075-1R MSU383-A MSW148-1P MSX324-1P Ciklaman MSX569-1R Lollipop MEAN HSD0.05 ADAPTATION TRIAL, TABLESTOCK LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER May 09 to September 14, 2017 (128 days) DD Base 40°F 29357 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL1 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 US#1 555 540 504 468 466 451 427 409 408 406 402 394 394 390 379 359 357 353 348 348 345 345 340 339 336 318 316 294 294 292 265 240 207 147 111 58 350 189 TOTAL US#1 Bs 2 5 12 6 15 8 6 16 6 4 6 4 6 13 15 10 11 4 7 7 13 10 26 13 9 10 34 19 6 10 13 31 18 52 17 75 94 93 84 89 83 91 94 81 90 91 93 95 92 86 85 86 81 95 92 91 86 87 73 86 87 89 64 72 93 83 85 66 79 45 79 24 590 581 604 514 564 495 456 505 454 447 431 416 426 453 447 418 436 372 378 381 399 395 467 393 387 360 493 390 316 343 298 366 258 330 141 219 414 228 As OV 18 76 8 85 78 6 8 81 0 83 3 88 7 86 80 1 11 79 15 75 3 90 89 6 12 81 1 85 0 85 8 78 74 7 10 84 6 86 3 88 1 86 84 3 2 70 4 82 1 86 4 85 1 63 72 0 12 80 5 78 5 80 0 66 78 1 0 45 4 76 24 0 PO 4 2 4 5 2 1 1 3 4 5 1 2 2 1 0 3 8 1 1 1 1 3 1 0 4 1 2 9 2 7 2 3 2 3 3 0 SP GR 1.082 1.074 1.077 1.079 1.063 1.062 1.061 1.070 1.072 1.070 1.086 1.077 1.076 1.081 1.075 1.064 1.070 1.083 1.101 1.081 1.065 1.075 1.059 1.084 1.080 1.071 1.064 1.077 1.077 1.074 1.063 1.086 1.085 1.092 1.059 1.070 1.075 0.010 HH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 VD IBS 10 0 0 0 25 0 0 18 0 30 0 10 8 15 15 0 0 15 0 20 0 3 13 3 0 5 0 5 0 5 5 10 15 5 0 3 0 10 10 5 0 30 8 3 10 20 0 5 0 20 0 10 0 10 10 0 0 5 0 3 3 15 0 0 0 3 0 5 8 30 0 0 BC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 30 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SCAB3 2.2 1.8 1.8 0.8 2.2 1.3 1.7 1.8 2.2 2.0 1.3 1.2 2.2 1.8 1.7 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.3 2.8 2.2 1.5 2.2 2.0 1.7 2.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.3 2.3 0.8 2.5 1.5 0.7 1.8 2.0 MAT4 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.8 2.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 1.5 2.5 1.3 2.5 2.5 2.0 1.0 2.5 1.0 1.5 3.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 4.0 3.0 3.0 1.8 3.0 1.3 2.0 1.3 2.5 2.2 LB6 RAUDPC x100 BRUISE5 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 2.0 0.5 1.1 1.1 1.6 0.9 0.2 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.6 - 14.8 6.7 18.4 - 45.8 24.2 24.1 29.0 39.1 - 33.8 39.3 30.8 32.4 - 29.5 30.8 - 15.5 40.8 12.2 23.3 22.2 28.3 29.1 24.9 33.3 14.7 - - - 25.8 3.2 47.0 35.8 - 29.0 1SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. 2QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 40 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 3SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 4MATURITY RATING: August 29, 2017; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 5BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test average number of spots per tuber. 6LB RAUDPC: Late blight (P. infestans US-23) foliar disease reaction. Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 5/9/17 8/31/17 114 7Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table of Contents26 Table 5 LINE MSV498-1 MSZ219-44 MSZ269-1Y MSY111-1 MSZ102-5 MSV502-05 MSZ025-2 MSZ118-05 MSX225-2 MSX245-2Y MSZ022-16 MSV127-2 MSX111-3 MSV507-007 MSZ118-08 MSY089-2 MSY156-02 MSZ091-3 W9968-5 MSZ052-02 MSY071-1 NY162 Snowden MSY256-A MSZ022-19 MSX189-3 MSV507-073 MST458-4 MSX345-6Y MSZ063-02 MSZ022-07 MSX209-1 MSZ251-01 MSZ248-10 MSZ052-31 MSX501-5 MSY077-5 MSZ282-6 MSX120-5Y MSY027-2 CWT/A N US#1 TOTAL 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 591 571 565 560 541 501 501 498 495 491 486 485 485 471 470 466 466 461 454 452 440 423 415 395 395 391 384 382 380 377 368 366 364 361 360 341 336 335 328 320 613 624 601 580 582 545 532 523 539 515 536 514 508 494 485 482 513 482 517 487 484 445 460 424 410 406 428 409 395 429 419 414 403 407 392 397 374 380 365 348 US#1 96 92 94 97 93 92 94 95 92 95 91 94 96 95 97 97 91 96 88 93 91 95 90 93 96 97 90 94 96 88 88 87 90 86 92 86 90 88 90 92 PRELIMINARY TRIAL, CHIP-PROCESSING LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER May 9 to September 12, 2017 (126 days) DD Base 40°F 29359 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS PERCENT OF TOTAL1 Bs 4 8 6 3 5 8 6 4 7 5 9 6 4 4 3 3 9 4 7 7 6 5 10 6 4 3 10 4 4 12 9 7 10 13 2 11 10 12 10 7 OV 22 10 10 24 13 6 12 6 16 18 4 22 26 16 26 31 10 28 12 7 15 14 9 12 14 26 5 16 11 6 17 14 6 8 12 9 12 5 9 9 As 74 82 84 72 80 86 82 90 75 77 87 72 70 79 72 65 81 68 75 86 76 81 81 81 83 70 85 78 85 82 70 73 84 78 80 77 78 82 81 83 PO 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 4 6 0 1 6 3 0 0 0 1 SP GR 1.076 1.077 1.083 1.074 1.079 1.079 1.084 1.078 1.085 1.082 1.089 1.086 1.091 1.084 1.078 1.082 1.083 1.080 1.092 1.082 1.080 1.094 1.091 1.087 1.082 1.077 1.094 1.082 1.088 1.089 1.082 1.074 1.093 1.081 1.076 1.083 1.080 1.086 1.080 1.079 CHIP SCORE2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 OTF SED3 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY4 HH 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 VD IBS 0 10 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 10 0 0 0 5 0 10 10 10 10 5 10 0 10 15 0 0 0 10 15 0 0 10 5 0 0 5 0 30 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 5 0 5 0 10 0 0 15 0 0 0 BC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 SCAB5 MAT6 BRUISE7 1.2 1.2 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.7 2.2 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.3 2.2 2.5 2.0 1.3 1.8 1.3 2.2 2.0 1.5 2.5 1.3 2.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.0 1.7 1.3 1.2 - 1.8 2.2 0.8 1.8 0.8 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.0 2.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.0 2.5 4.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.0 4.0 3.5 1.2 0.7 4.1 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.4 0.8 2.3 1.1 - 2.3 2.5 2.5 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 3.8 3.1 3.4 1.0 1.1 3.2 1.3 1.6 0.8 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.2 LB8 RAUDPC x100 - 7.1 25.5 18.7 - - 24.9 - - - - 31.5 - - - 21.6 - 15.1 26.3 - 11.1 34.1 19.6 - - 31.5 - 38.1 - 27.4 - - 28.2 25.2 - 24.8 13.0 40.8 - - Table of Contents27 Table 5 LINE MSZ246-1 MST424-6 MSY012-2 MSV427-1 MSX526-2Y MSW168-2 MSY046-3 MST306-1 MSZ042-07 MSX417-01 MSW464-3 MSW299-2 MSX245-1 MSX526-01 MSV507-012 MSX420-04Y MSX177-07Y MSZ052-53 MEAN HSD0.05 PRELIMINARY TRIAL, CHIP-PROCESSING LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER May 9 to September 12, 2017 (126 days) DD Base 40°F 29359 CWT/A N US#1 TOTAL 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 320 319 319 297 295 294 292 290 289 278 277 270 269 265 254 244 223 159 387 311 368 357 391 319 360 331 362 368 340 325 303 320 342 331 277 312 295 200 427 281 PERCENT OF TOTAL1 Bs 13 10 18 8 18 11 19 20 14 12 9 22 21 9 8 22 17 20 OV 3 2 0 17 3 6 2 0 3 2 5 3 2 12 19 2 6 20 As 84 87 82 75 79 83 78 79 82 83 86 72 77 67 72 76 68 60 US#1 87 89 82 92 82 89 81 79 85 86 91 75 79 80 92 78 74 80 CHIP SCORE2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 OTF SED3 1.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY4 HH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 VD IBS 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 BC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 PO 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 4 0 11 0 0 9 0 SP GR 1.086 1.080 1.078 1.076 1.075 1.086 1.068 1.089 1.099 1.086 1.089 1.082 1.080 1.081 1.086 1.078 1.082 1.082 1.083 0.014 1SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. 2CHIP SCORE: SNAC Scale (Out of the field); Ratings: 1-5; 1: Excellent, 5: Poor. 3SED: Stem End Defect, Based on Paul Bethke's (USDA/UWisconsin - Madison) 0 - 5 scale. 0 = no SED; 3 = significant SED; 5 = severe SED 4QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 40 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 5SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 6MATURITY RATING: August 29, 2017; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 7BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test average number of spots per tuber. 8LB RAUDPC: Late blight (P. infestans US-23) foliar disease reaction. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS SCAB5 MAT6 BRUISE7 LB8 RAUDPC x100 2.5 3.0 2.0 3.5 2.0 3.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.5 2.0 3.3 1.6 1.3 0.5 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.4 1.7 1.2 1.6 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.5 2.8 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.8 2.2 1.2 0.7 1.8 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.7 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.6 2.0 - - 29.0 25.6 20.8 15.9 28.3 30.3 18.1 - 1.6 14.9 - 19.5 - - - - - 29.0 Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 5/9/17 8/31/17 114 9Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table of Contents28 Table 6 LINE Soraya MSW154-4 MSZ615-2 MSZ590-1 MST148-3 MSZ562-4 QSMSU10-09 Superior MSZ622-1 MSV111-2 MSZ513-2 MSZ004-1 Reba MSX497-06 MSX497-02 MSZ407-2Y MSW128-2 MSZ210-8 MSY507-02 MSW092-1 MSX503-05 MSY474-8 Queen Anne MSY489-1 MSY491-2Y MSW128-1Y MSY483-3 MEAN HSD0.05 PRELIMINARY TRIAL, TABLESTOCK LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER May 9 to September 7, 2017 (121 days) DD Base 40°F 29357 CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL1 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 N US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR HH VD 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 688 517 488 486 481 471 468 465 448 431 426 425 424 423 419 419 412 410 391 378 361 360 316 314 302 276 179 414 296 793 529 502 500 505 527 505 474 489 514 445 441 449 447 432 437 454 485 451 517 395 458 444 361 345 455 246 467 270 87 98 97 97 95 87 93 98 91 84 96 96 94 95 97 96 91 85 87 73 91 79 71 87 88 61 73 4 2 3 3 4 10 6 2 9 16 4 3 6 5 3 4 9 15 8 25 9 17 28 11 11 37 26 80 56 72 79 82 71 77 85 81 82 71 73 83 66 79 71 82 82 85 73 88 65 71 81 88 61 73 6 42 25 18 13 16 16 13 10 2 25 23 12 29 18 24 9 3 2 0 3 13 0 6 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 0 4 1 2 1 2 1 5 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 15 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 5 25 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 10 1.068 1.075 1.072 1.065 1.080 1.069 1.078 1.077 1.062 1.084 1.073 1.071 1.072 1.074 1.073 1.084 1.062 1.072 1.083 1.076 1.072 1.064 1.062 1.065 1.068 1.088 1.069 1.073 0.012 IBS 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 15.0 15.0 25.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.0 0.0 BC 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS SCAB3 MAT4 BRUISE5 LB6 RAUDPC x100 2.0 2.2 1.2 1.3 2.5 2.7 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.7 1.5 2.3 2.2 2.5 1.8 1.2 1.8 2.5 1.3 2.8 1.3 2.3 1.0 1.5 1.7 2.5 1.2 1.8 2.0 3.0 3.5 2.5 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 1.5 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 1.5 4.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 4.0 2.0 3.0 0.4 1.5 0.9 0.8 1.5 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.5 0.8 1.5 0.6 0.8 1.4 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.6 1.6 2.2 0.3 1.0 22.1 15.9 44.5 - 3.7 2.8 33.3 33.8 39.5 22.0 28.1 28.7 39.3 7.6 5.1 30.8 8.9 23.0 22.6 2.2 28.3 1.5 31.7 32.0 15.5 21.2 18.6 - 29.0 1SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. 2QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 40 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 3SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 4MATURITY RATING: August 29, 2017; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 5BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test average number of spots per tuber. 6LB RAUDPC: Late blight (P. infestans US-23) foliar disease reaction. Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 5/9/17 8/31/17 114 7Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table of Contents29 Table 7 PRELIMINARY TRIAL, PIGMENTED LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER May 9 to September 7, 2017 (121 days) DD Base 40°F 29359 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS LINE N US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL1 CHIP SCORE2 OTF SED3 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY4 HH VD IBS BC SCAB5 MAT6 Bruise7 LB8 RAUDPC x100 MSZ109-08PP MSZ443-1PP MSZ428-1PP MSZ109-10PP W8405-1R ND7132-1R AF4831-2R QSNDSU07-04R Dark Red Norland Dakota Ruby AF5245-1P Dark Red Chieftain MSXUNK-03P ND6002-1R MSZ107-06PP MSW476-4R W8890-1R MSU202-1P MSZ602-2PP Modoc MSX001-9WP MSW343-2R MSZ405-1PP MSX426-1RR MSX035-1WP MSZ107-01PP MSZ107-02PP MSW453-1P MSV235-2PY QSNDSU07-12R MSZ109-05RR MEAN HSD0.05 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 619 532 499 499 497 464 458 436 384 382 354 344 343 327 326 324 320 319 290 265 247 246 240 231 205 194 191 190 169 147 82 327 230 676 587 514 571 572 514 542 466 416 480 406 404 425 357 438 392 371 370 335 394 381 299 292 303 283 249 333 241 267 212 267 399 224 92 91 97 87 87 90 84 94 92 79 87 85 81 91 73 82 86 86 86 67 65 82 81 76 72 78 57 79 63 69 31 6 9 2 12 12 4 15 5 8 17 13 15 13 8 26 16 13 12 13 29 29 15 18 23 5 22 40 21 34 31 69 89 86 84 85 82 85 84 92 91 78 84 80 81 90 71 80 84 83 80 67 65 79 80 76 72 72 57 79 63 69 31 3 4 13 2 5 5 0 1 1 1 3 6 0 2 2 1 2 3 6 0 0 2 1 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 6 1 1 0 4 0 0 7 1 1 2 1 2 0 4 6 3 1 1 23 0 3 0 2 0 0 1.0 2.5 1.5 2.5 - - - - - - - - - - 1.5 - - - 1.0 - 3.0 - 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 - - - 2.0 1.065 1.067 1.078 1.066 1.070 1.067 1.066 1.067 1.064 1.070 1.075 1.068 1.076 1.068 1.077 1.074 1.069 1.068 1.065 1.067 1.073 1.059 1.058 1.080 1.075 1.076 1.081 1.085 1.073 1.067 1.066 1.846 0.011 0 2 0 1 - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - 0 - 3 - 3 0 0 1 2 - - - 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 5 15 0 0 0 0 15 25 5 0 15 0 5 0 5 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.8 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.7 2.8 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.2 2.7 1.5 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2 2.2 1.8 - 0.7 3.0 2.0 4.0 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 1.5 3.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 2.0 2.5 4.0 2.0 3.0 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.0 4.5 4.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.5 1.2 1.2 2.0 0.6 0.8 1.9 0.9 1.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.1 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.7 - 0.8 1.4 1.5 2.4 0.4 1.5 2.3 - 0.8 - - 1.5 - 0.6 27.9 29.7 16.4 25.5 20.8 21.6 25.0 27.0 44.6 40.8 33.3 24.9 39.1 28.3 29.9 34.1 33.3 15.8 11.9 49.6 12.7 45.8 30.7 28.3 - 19.6 22.8 24.2 10.5 13.3 33.2 27.3 - 29.0 1SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. 2CHIP SCORE: SNAC Scale (Out of the field); Ratings: 1-5; 1: Excellent, 5: Poor. 3SED: Stem End Defect, Based on Paul Bethke's (USDA/UWisconsin - Madison) 0 - 5 scale. 0 = no SED; 3 = significant SED; 5 = severe SED 4QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 40 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 5SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 6MATURITY RATING: August 29, 2017; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 5/9/17 8/31/17 114 Table of Contents30 Table 8 2015-2017 SCAB DISEASE TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 3-YR* AVG. 2017 2017 RATING WORST 2017 N 2016 2016 RATING WORST 2016 N 2015 2015 RATING WORST 2015 N 0.9 1.1 0.4 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.8 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.0 2.0 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.9 2.0 1.0 1.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 4 4 4 4 4 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.5 2.0 1.1 2.0 1.3 1.1 1.4 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.3 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 4 4 4 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 LINE Sorted by ascending 2017 Average Rating; MSZ219-13 Lollipop MSV380-1 MSY046-3 MSZ109-05RR MSZ109-08PP MSZ219-14 Pike W8822-1 MSV266-3P MSV331-3 MSV427-1 MSW125-1 MSX324-1P MSY027-2 MSZ052-11 MSZ052-53 MSZ222-19 MSZ263-4 MSZ282-6 MSZ443-01PP MSZ622-1 QSMSU10-05 AF5312-1Rus MSR127-2 MSV313-2 MSZ022-07 MSZ052-37 MSZ107-01PP MSZ118-05 MSZ219-01PVYR MSZ219-46 Queen Anne WAF10073-3Rus A02507-2LB (Payette) CW08221-5Rus MSN230-1RY MSV394-3 MSV498-1 MSV507-012 MSW075-1 MSW123-3 MSW168-2 MSW343-02R MSW496-1Rus MSX177-7Y MSX225-2 MSX426-1RR MSXUNK-3P MSY041-1 MSY483-3 MSZ062-53 MSZ107-02PP MSZ118-01 MSZ219-44 MSZ248-10 0.7* - 1.0 - 0.5* 0.8* 0.7* 1.1 1.2* 1.3* 0.7* - - 0.9 - - - 1.1 1.0* 1.1* 1.0* - - - 1.2 1.1* - - 0.9* - 1.0 - - - - 0.8* 1.1* 1.6 1.1* 1.3* 1.5 1.2* 1.6* 1.5* 1.4 1.2* 1.1 1.0* 1.6* - - - - - - - Table of Contents31 Table 8 LINE MSZ407-2Y MSZ615-2 ND050032-4Rus ND6002-1R QSMSU10-09 Superior W13008-1rus W13103-2Y AF5245-1P MST424-6 MSU383-A MSV301-2 MSV393-1 MSW064-1 MSW569-2 MSX001-9WP MSX035-1WP MSX105-01 MSX351-3P MSX420-4Y MSX503-5 MSX526-1 MSY012-02 MSY111-1 MSY156-02 MSY507-02 MSZ022-16 MSZ102-5 MSZ118-08 MSZ242-07 MSZ246-1 MSZ251-01 MSZ590-1 NY162 Oneida Gold QSNDSU07-04R TX08352-5Rus W13014-5rus W13103-16Y W9523-1rus W9576-11Y Dark Red Norland A06021-1TRus A06030-23Rus AF4138-8 Goldrush MSV307-02 MSV358-3 MSV396-4Y MSW399-2 MSW476-4R MSX245-2Y MSX417-1 MSX569-1R MSY489-1 MSZ042-7 MSZ052-02 2015-2017 SCAB DISEASE TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 3-YR* AVG. 1.1* 2017 2017 RATING WORST 2016 2016 RATING WORST 2016 N 1.0 2.1 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.1 2.1 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.1 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.5 0.5 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.9 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2017 N 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 2015 2015 RATING WORST 1.0 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.9 2.4 1.0 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2015 N 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 - 1.1* 1.6* - 1.5 - - - - 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4* 1.6* 1.4* 1.3* 1.2* - 1.9 1.2 1.4 1.5* 1.5 1.3* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.6* 1.2* 1.3* 1.0* 1.6 1.7 1.6* 1.6 - 1.5 1.7 1.8 - - - 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Table of Contents32 Table 8 LINE MSZ063-02 MSZ242-13 MSZ428-1PP MSZ513-2 W10209-2R MSV434-01Y ATX91137-1Rus (Reveille Russet) Dark Red Chieftain Lamoka MST075-1R MSV111-02LBMR MSV403-3 MSV502-5 MSV507-073 MSW125-3 MSW299-2 MSW316-3PY MSX172-7 MSY111-01 MSY256-A MSY491-2Y MSZ109-10PP MSZ242-09 MSZ405-1PP NDAF102629C-4 NY161 Cerrata Dakota Ruby Julinka MSS576-05SPLLBR MST306-1 MST458-4 MSU202-1P MSV179-1 MSV235-2PYLBR MSV335-1 MSW128-2 MSW324-01LBR MSW485-2 MSX050-01 MSX120-5Y MSX345-6Y MSX497-02 MSX501-05 MSY089-02 MSZ022-19 Musica NY149 W13100-5Y W9742-3Rus Russet Norkotah Alegria Madison MSV016-2 MSV030-4 MSV507-007 MSW042-1LBR 2015-2017 SCAB DISEASE TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 3-YR* AVG. 2017 2017 RATING WORST 2017 N 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 2016 2016 RATING WORST 2016 N 2015 2015 RATING WORST 2015 N 1.0 1.5 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.1 2.0 2.3 1.0 1.3 2.5 2.3 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.5 2.1 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 1.0 1.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.1 2.3 1.8 1.5 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.9 2.6 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.6 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.5 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 - 1.3* - - - 1.9 1.6 1.6* 1.7 1.7 1.3* - 1.8 1.7* 1.4* 2.0* 1.8* 1.6 - - 1.6* 1.8* 1.4* - - - - 1.9 - 1.9 - - 1.4 1.7 2.3 1.8* - 1.9 1.9 1.9* 1.9* 1.8 - 1.9* 2.0* - - - - 1.8 2.1 1.9* - 2.1* 1.8 2.0* 2.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Table of Contents33 Table 8 LINE MSW464-3LBR MSX129-1 MSX542-2 MSY008-3 MSZ013-3 MSZ157-3LBR MSZ269-1Y MSZ602-02PP ND113207-1R Onaway Soraya W8405-1R W9968-5 A08433-4VRRUS Allora ATND99331-2PintoY Jelly Melou Modoc MSU161-1LBMR, PVYR MSV127-2 MSW154-04 MSW239-3SPL MSW294-1 MSW453-1P MSX245-1 MSX526-2Y MSX540-4PVYR, LBR MSY001-4 MSY077-5 MSZ025-2 MSZ091-3 MSZ464-3 NY157 Reba Yukon Gold W8890-1R Manistee Montreal MST145-02LBR MSV033-1 MSW148-01P MSX150-01 MSY474-8 MSZ004-1 MSZ454-1Y MSZ510-4 W13006-2rus W13027-32rus AF5091-8Rus Atlantic Ciklaman CO8155-2RU/Y MST148-3 MSU016-2 MSW128-1Y MSX111-03 2015-2017 SCAB DISEASE TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 3-YR* AVG. 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.7 - 2.1* 1.7* - - 1.8* 1.7 - - - - - - - 2.0* 2.1 2.1* 2.4* 2.1 2.1* - - - 1.8 - - - - - 2.1 2.1 2.4* - 2.4 - 2.2* 2.0 2.4* 2.5* - - - - - - 2.4* 2.7 - - 2.5* 2.3 - 2.5* 2017 2017 RATING WORST 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.5 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 2017 N 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2016 2016 RATING WORST 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.9 2.6 1.8 3.0 3.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 3.0 2.5 1.3 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.1 1.9 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 2016 N 4 4 4 4 2015 2015 RATING WORST 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.5 2.3 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 4 4 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.8 2.5 2.1 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2015 N 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 4 4 8 4 4 Table of Contents34 Table 8 LINE MSX497-6LBR MSY071-1 MSZ210-8 Snowden W13030-3rus A07061-6Rus Elfe MSW121-5RLBR MSW501-05 MSX137-6 MSZ107-6PP MSZ424-01R MSZ562-4 ND1243-1PY ND7132-1R W10564-19Y WND8625-2Rus AF4831-2R MST191-2Y MSU088-01 MSW092-1LBR Viviana Wendy MSW432-13 MSX507-1RLBR ND1241-1Y MSX292-01 COTX09022-3RusRE/Y AF5179-4Rus MEAN HSD0.05 = 2015-2017 SCAB DISEASE TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 3-YR* AVG. 2.5 - - 2.5 - - - 2.6* 2.5* 2.1 2.1 3.0* - - - - - - - - 2.5* 2.1* 2.5* 2.7 2.5* 2.6* 2.9* 2.8* 3.3* 2017 2017 RATING WORST 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.8 3.8 1.7 2.0 2017 N 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2016 N 4 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2016 2016 RATING WORST 2.1 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.8 3.4 2.3 1.6 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 2.5 2.9 3.5 3.5 2.9 1.7 1.7 2015 N 4 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 2015 2015 RATING WORST 2.9 2.8 2.6 1.8 1.8 2.5 2.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.4 3.0 1.8 1.4 SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery plot rating of 0-5; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%, no pitted leisions; 3: Intermediate >20%, some pitted leisions (Susceptible, as commonly seen on Atlantic); 5: Highly Susceptible, >75% coverage and severe pitted leisions. N = Number of replications. *2-Year Average. Table of Contents35 Table 9 2017 SCAB DISEASE EARLY GENERATION TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 2016 N LINE 2016 RATING 2016 N 2016 RATING 2x 2x LINE Sorted by ascending 2017 Rating: MSBB626-11 MSBB942-10 MSCC409-01 MSDD848-01 MSZ109-08PP MSAA101-1RR MSAA309-15 MSAA311-01 MSAA478-02 MSAA578-08 MSBB045-02 MSBB051-1 MSBB058-4 MSBB120-03 MSBB165-01 MSBB209-02 MSBB238-01RY MSBB305-2PSpl MSBB306-2R MSBB313-1Rus MSBB351-1 MSBB610-25 MSBB612-04 MSBB614-10 MSBB617-08 MSBB618-02 MSBB623-12 MSBB917-01 MSBB919-10 MSBB925-04 MSBB943-01 MSBB943-14 MSCC012-01 MSCC122-01 MSCC140-01 MSCC156-01 MSCC164-01 MSCC246 MSCC246-03 MSCC248-03 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2x 2x 2x 2x MSCC256-02 MSCC257-01 MSCC268-01 MSCC282-03RR MSCC371-01 MSCC374-01Y(mini) MSCC374-06 MSCC453-01 MSCC515-02Y MSCC630-01R MSCC722-02RR(MINI) MSCC812-01 MSDD802-01 MSDD821-06 MSDD855-03 MSZ062-10 MSZ096-03 MSZ169-18 MSZ413-6P MSZ468-08RY MSAA055-13 MSAA076-04 MSAA241-01 MSBB058-1 MSBB073-04 MSBB075-1Y MSBB079-02 MSBB114-01 MSBB120-02 MSBB193-01 MSBB195-01 MSBB207-01Y MSBB210-A MSBB213-1SPL MSBB230-1 MSBB250-1PP MSBB270-1Spl MSBB371-1YSPL MSBB613-04 MSBB630-02 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table of Contents36 Table 9 2017 SCAB DISEASE EARLY GENERATION TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 2016 N LINE 2016 RATING 2016 N 2016 RATING 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x LINE Sorted by ascending 2017 Rating: MSBB633-08 MSBB634-08 MSBB635-14 MSBB635-15 MSBB918-02 MSBB923-01 MSBB934-04 MSBB936-02 MSBB938-01 MSBB943-13 MSCC009-01 MSCC081-01 MSCC084-01 MSCC109-01 MSCC221-01 MSCC240-B MSCC248-02 MSCC256-04 MSCC257-02 MSCC262-01 MSCC266-02 MSCC300-01 MSCC542-01P MSCC623-1 MSCC808-01 MSCC811-03 MSCC813-02 MSCC815-01 MSCC832-14 MSDD803-01 MSDD804-09 MSDD805-05 MSDD805-08 MSDD821-10 MSDD829-01 MSDD838-01 MSDD849-02 MSDD852-02 MSDD852-06 MSDD865-02 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MSZ022-02 MSZ052-31 MSZ101-06 MSZ118-08 MSZ120-04 MSZ219-13 MSZ219-14 MSZ282-06 MSZ427-01R MSZ443-1PP MSZ602-2PP MSBB179-1 MSCC581-01Y MSZ242-09 MSAA072-04 MSAA076-06 MSAA127-01PP MSAA161-4RY MSAA169-06 MSAA182-3R MSAA208-02 MSAA260-03 MSAA266-01 MSAA313-01 MSAA373-03 MSAA498-18 MSAA678-01 MSBB008-03 MSBB067-1 MSBB078-01 MSBB089-2 MSBB090-1 MSBB094-1 MSBB166-1 MSBB177-2 MSBB190-03 MSBB207-01 MSBB240-1P MSBB349-2 MSBB613-07 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 Table of Contents37 Table 9 2017 SCAB DISEASE EARLY GENERATION TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 2016 N LINE 2016 RATING 2016 N 2016 RATING 2x 2x 2x 2x LINE Sorted by ascending 2017 Rating: MSBB614-11 MSBB617-02 MSBB626-06 MSBB636-11 MSBB636-14 MSBB636-16 MSBB915-01 MSBB922-01 MSBB945-06 MSBB947-01 MSCC011-01 MSCC098-01 MSCC110-01 MSCC123-01 MSCC129-04 MSCC144-01 MSCC158-02 MSCC193-01 MSCC206-01 MSCC215-01 MSCC221-02 MSCC242-01 MSCC242-02 MSCC255-02 MSCC260-01 MSCC261-01 MSCC263-01 MSCC266-01 MSCC309-01 MSCC314-01 MSCC316-01 MSCC318-01 MSCC328-01 MSCC396-01 MSCC412-01 MSCC418-01 MSCC553-01R MSCC570-01 MSCC577-01 MSCC604-01 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MSCC622-01Y MSCC804-01 MSCC806-05 MSCC816-03 MSCC819-02 MSCC820-03 MSCC822-03 MSCC825-06 MSCC827-06 MSCC832-09 MSDD807-05 MSDD808-10 MSDD844-06 MSDD847-06 MSDD848-02 MSDD849-08 MSDD863-03 MSZ022-19 MSZ025-02 MSZ200-06 MSZ263-04 MSZ598-02 MSBB188-2 MSAA036-10 MSAA100-01 MSAA166-2P MSAA168-03 MSAA168-BULK MSAA174-01 MSAA183-2PY MSAA252-07 MSAA328-04 MSAA513-01 MSAA571-3Y MSBB058-3 MSBB060-01 MSBB061-01 MSBB072-02 MSBB121-1 MSBB196-1 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table of Contents38 Table 9 2017 SCAB DISEASE EARLY GENERATION TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 2016 N LINE 2016 RATING 2016 N 2016 RATING LINE Sorted by ascending 2017 Rating: MSBB231-01 MSBB232-03 MSBB281-1PY MSBB305-3SPL MSBB308-1R MSBB331-1 MSBB349-1 MSBB351-01 MSBB375-1 MSBB610-13 MSBB610-24Y MSBB611-03 MSBB621-03 MSBB631-04 MSBB719-1 MSBB920-03 MSBB927-06 MSBB930-01 MSBB930-06 MSBB932-05 MSBB933-06 MSBB935-06 MSBB946-02 MSBB947-04 MSBB952-06 MSBB953-10 MSBB963-08 MSCC002-01 MSCC112-01 MSCC132-01 MSCC152-01 MSCC158-01 MSCC168-01 MSCC203-01 MSCC208-01 MSCC221-03 MSCC240-A MSCC246-07 MSCC282-02PP MSCC295-01 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MSCC302-01 MSCC302-02 MSCC303-01 MSCC353-01 MSCC374-01 MSCC523-01 MSCC614-1RYSPL MSCC720-01WP MSCC724-01Y MSCC805-01 MSCC806-02 MSCC807-01 MSCC809-04 MSCC811-04 MSCC813-04 MSCC822-01 MSCC822-05 MSCC824-01 MSCC826-01 MSCC831-03 MSCC832-01 MSDD807-03 MSDD809-09 MSDD814-04 MSDD829-09 MSDD837-08 MSDD853-02 MSZ092-02 MSZ107-06PP MSZ109-10PP MSZ194-02 MSZ436-2SPL MSZUNK-07PP MSBB156-1 MSBB190-01 MSBB364-1 MSBB721-1 MSAA091-01 MSAA131-02 MSAA157-2PY 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 Table of Contents39 Table 9 2017 SCAB DISEASE EARLY GENERATION TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 2016 N LINE 2016 RATING 2016 N 2016 RATING 2x 2x 2x 2x LINE Sorted by ascending 2017 Rating: MSAA176-03 MSAA196-06 MSAA570-03 MSBB029-1Y MSBB067-2 MSBB131-1 MSBB320-1 MSBB343-2Y MSBB348-1 MSBB722-3 MSBB920-04 MSBB921-08 MSBB948-01 MSBB963-03 MSCC058-01 MSCC129-02 MSCC131-01 MSCC143-01 MSCC204-01 MSCC227-01 MSCC246-01 MSCC292-01 MSCC512-01PP MSCC528-01Y MSCC549-02WP MSCC592-01Y MSCC709-01 MSCC807-02 MSCC811-05 MSCC828-01 MSCheck Ploidy MSDD805-01 MSDD849-06 MSDD851-07 MSZ063-023 MSZ551-01 MSZ620-01 MSAA120-01 MSAA240-05 MSBB252-1PP 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x MSBB323-1 MSBB943-05 MSBB949-03 MSCC070-01 MSCC288-01 MSCC329-01 MSCC397-01 MSCC453-02 MSCC557-01Y MSCC823-03 MSDD837-07 MSDD852-04 MSZ189-03 MSBB332-1 MSBB353-1 MSCC282-01WR MSCC515-01Y MSCC809-02 MSCC610-01Y 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table of Contents40 Table 10 2017 MSU LATE BLIGHT VARIETY TRIAL CLARKSVILLE RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS RAUDPC LINE Sorted by ascending 2017 RAUDPC A02507-2LB (Payette) MSW121-5R MSY474-8 MSW464-3 MSW324-01 MSZ464-3 MSW092-1 MSZ562-4 MSZ219-13 Ciklaman MSU088-01 MSU016-2 MST148-3 MSX497-02 MST145-02 MSV403-3 MSZ219-46 Musica MSZ424-1R MSZ219-44 MSX497-06 MSW128-2 MSZ219-01 W13014-5rus MSZ219-14 MSW496-1RUS MSZ263-4 MSV235-2PY MSY071-1 MSW042-01 MSX540-4 MSZ602-2PP MSU161-1 MSX507-1R MSV396-4Y MSX001-9WP MSY077-5 MSZ157-3 QSNDSU07-12R Silverton Russet 0.2 1.2 1.5 1.6 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.7 5.1 5.6 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.1 7.6 8.9 9.7 9.8 9.8 10.1 10.3 10.5 11.1 11.2 11.8 11.9 12.2 12.2 12.3 12.7 13.0 13.0 13.3 13.8 N LINE RAUDPC N 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 CO8155-2RU/Y W9742-3Rus MSS576-5SPL Cerrata MSW299-2 MSZ091-3 W10564-19Y Oneida Gold MSY491-2Y MSZ510-4 MSU202-1P MSW154-4 MSW168-2 MSW485-2 MSZ428-1PP A08433-4VRRUS MSV394-3 MSZ042-7 MSW125-1 MSV016-2 MSY483-3 MSY111-1 MSX526-01 W13030-3rus MSZ107-01PP Snowden AF5179-4Rus Pike W13103-16Y W8405-1R MSX526-2Y MSW128-1Y MSW064-1 MSY089-2 ND7132-1R MSV111-2 Soraya NY157 W13100-5Y MSY507-02 14.4 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 15.1 15.1 15.5 15.5 15.7 15.8 15.9 15.9 16.3 16.4 17.8 18.0 18.1 18.4 18.6 18.6 18.7 19.5 19.5 19.6 19.6 19.7 19.9 20.7 20.8 20.8 21.2 21.6 21.6 21.6 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.4 22.6 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 6 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 Table of Contents41 Table 10 2017 MSU LATE BLIGHT VARIETY TRIAL CLARKSVILLE RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS RAUDPC LINE Sorted by ascending 2017 RAUDPC MSX292-01 MSZ107-02PP MSZ210-8 MST191-2Y Wega CW08221-5Rus MSW399-02 MSX542-02 ND050032-4Rus Julinka MSW453-1P MSW125-3 Atlantic MSX501-5 W8822-1 Dark Red Chieftain MSZ025-2 Wendy AF4831-2R MSZ248-10 MSZ269-1Y MSZ109-10PP W13027-32rus MSV427-1 COTX09022-3RusRE/Y W13103-2Y MSX324-1P W10209-2R QSMSU10-05 W9968-5 QSNDSU07-04R MSZ063-02 MSV393-01 MSZ109-08PP MSZ513-2 Russet Norkotah MSW569-02 MSZ251-01 MSX426-1RR MSX503-05 22.7 22.8 23.0 23.1 23.3 23.3 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.2 24.3 24.8 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.0 25.2 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.8 25.8 25.8 26.0 26.3 27.0 27.4 27.4 27.9 28.1 28.1 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.3 N 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 28 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 LINE RAUDPC N 28.3 MSY046-3 28.3 ND6002-1R 28.3 AF5091-8Rus 28.3 Alegria 28.7 MSZ004-1 29.0 Lamoka 29.0 MSY012-2 29.0 Allora 29.1 W9523-1rus 29.1 NDAF102629C-4 29.5 Montreal 29.7 MSZ443-1PP 29.9 MSW123-3 29.9 MSZ107-06PP 30.0 AF4138-8 30.3 MST306-1 30.7 MSZ405-1PP 30.8 MSX137-6 30.8 MSZ407-2Y 30.8 NY149 30.8 Yukon Gold 30.8 AF5312-1Rus 31.5 MSV127-2 31.5 MSX189-3 31.7 Queen Anne 32.0 MSY489-1 32.4 NY161 33.2 MSZ109-05RR 33.3 MSW316-3PY 33.3 QSMSU10-09 33.3 W8890-1R 33.3 AF5245-1P 33.8 Superior 34.1 MSW075-01 34.1 MSW476-4R 34.1 NY162 34.1 MSW432-13 A07061-6Rus 34.9 ATX91137-1Rus (Reveille Russet)35.0 MSV179-1 35.8 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 Table of Contents42 Table 10 2017 MSU LATE BLIGHT VARIETY TRIAL CLARKSVILLE RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS RAUDPC LINE Sorted by ascending 2017 RAUDPC MSZ454-1Y W13006-2rus WAF10073-3Rus Lollipop MST458-4 MSX351-3P MSXUNK-03P Onaway Reba MSZ622-1 W13008-1rus A06030-23Rus MSZ282-6 Viviana Dakota Ruby MSV331-3 WND8625-2Rus MSZ615-2 A06021-1TRus Dark Red Norland MSW343-2R W9576-11Y Goldrush TX08352-5Rus MSX569-1R Modoc 35.8 35.8 35.8 35.8 38.1 38.3 39.1 39.1 39.3 39.5 39.5 40.0 40.8 40.8 40.8 41.6 42.4 44.5 44.6 44.6 45.8 45.8 45.8 46.6 47.0 49.6 HSD0.05 29.0 N LINE RAUDPC N 1 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 5 2 2 3 1 1 1 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 2 2 Table of Contents43 Table 11 2017 MSU LATE BLIGHT EARLY GENERATION TRIAL CLARKSVILLE RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS RAUDPC LINE Sorted by ascending 2017 RAUDPC MSAA120-01 MSBB323-1 MSZ219-14 MSCC246- MSBB614-11 MSCC248-03 MSZ219-13 MSBB331-1 MSZ200-06 MSBB613-07 MSAA174-01 MSBB613-04 MSBB230-1 MSCC109-01 MSCC129-04 MSBB067-2 MSBB332-1 MSBB348-1 MSZ436-2SPL MSZ551-01 MSBB343-2Y MSAA131-02 MSBB612-04 MSCC257-01 MSBB061-01 MSAA176-03 MSBB614-10 MSBB073-04 MSBB618-02 MSCC246-07 MSBB364-1 MSBB617-02 MSAA252-07 MSCC528-01Y MSCC248-02 MSBB188-2 MSBB190-01 MSBB626-06 MSBB078-01 MSBB156-1 0.0 2.8 2.8 3.7 4.2 4.5 4.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.3 7.6 8.5 8.5 8.8 9.0 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.9 10.2 10.2 10.7 10.8 11.0 11.0 11.5 12.4 13.0 14.0 14.3 14.5 14.9 15.1 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.5 15.5 N LINE RAUDPC N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MSBB190-03 MSCC523-01 MSAA196-06 MSBB331-1 MSBB631-04 MSBB364-1 MSBB156-1 MSBB209-02 MSCC129-02 MSCC622-01Y MSBB623-12 MSCC256-04 MSCC246-03 MSCC246-01 MSCC353-01 MSBB240-1P MSCC303-01 MSBB188-2 MSBB190-01 MSBB131-1 MSCC257-02 MSZ242-09 MSCC610-01Y MSBB072-02 MSBB349-1 MSBB213-1SPL MSCC240-B MSCC557-01Y MSCC604-01 MSAA100-01 MSAA266-01 MSBB306-2R Atlantic MSCC143-01 MSZ620-01 MSAA260-03 MSAA168-03 MSZ427-01R MSAA313-01 MSZ025-02 15.5 15.5 17.9 18.0 18.2 19.0 19.6 19.6 19.9 19.9 20.5 21.7 22.7 23.0 23.0 25.5 25.5 25.7 25.7 25.8 25.8 25.8 28.3 30.7 30.7 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.8 33.3 33.3 33.3 34.8 35.8 35.8 38.3 40.8 40.8 43.3 43.3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table of Contents44 Table 11 2017 MSU LATE BLIGHT EARLY GENERATION TRIAL CLARKSVILLE RESEARCH CENTER, MI MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS RAUDPC LINE Sorted by ascending 2017 RAUDPC MSAA240-05 MSAA311-01 MSAA513-01 MSBB349-2 MSBB371-1YSPL MSCC242-02 MSAA478-02 MSAA091-01 MSAA168-BULK 45.8 45.8 45.8 45.8 45.8 45.8 48.3 50.8 53.3 LINE RAUDPC N N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table of Contents45 Table 12 2017 BLACKSPOT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST SIMULATED BRUISE SAMPLES* SP GR 1 2 5+ NUMBER OF SPOTS PER TUBER 0 ENTRY ADAPTATION TRIAL, CHIP-PROCESSING LINES 19 MSX542-2 10 AF4138-8 MSZ242-07 13 7 MSV380-1 12 MSW064-1 10 Manistee MSV358-3 10 8 MSW485-2 8 MSZ242-13 8 MSW075-01 7 MSZ219-14 MSZ219-46 5 7 MSZ242-09 4 Lamoka 9 MSZ219-01 MSV313-02 8 6 Atlantic 4 MSZ222-19 4 W8822-1 MSV030-04 4 3 Pike 2 MSZ219-13 6 MSZ052-11 2 MSX540-4 FL2137 2 3 MSV033-01 1 MSR127-2 0 MSV331-3 Snowden 1 0 MSX150-1 1.083 1.066 1.097 1.085 1.085 1.084 1.078 1.090 1.098 1.080 1.084 1.080 1.094 1.086 1.084 1.084 1.093 1.083 1.090 1.092 1.091 1.078 1.080 1.093 1.090 1.086 1.086 1.076 1.090 1.082 6 1 8 10 8 9 10 10 12 11 11 9 11 14 5 5 7 7 9 10 2 10 5 9 2 5 7 7 1 2 0 1 4 1 2 5 3 4 4 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 7 5 6 5 4 8 6 8 4 10 5 6 10 8 3 0 1 0 0 3 1 2 1 2 3 1 0 1 1 2 5 4 1 3 4 1 5 7 4 4 5 8 9 9 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 3 2 3 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 2 NORTH CENTRAL REGION TRIAL (MSU) MSX569-1R W13103-2Y Red Norland QSNDSU07-04R MSV434-01Y ATND99331-2PintoY ND113207-1R W10209-2R W13008-1rus AND00272-1R MSW316-3PY W13100-5Y Yukon Gold Russet Norkotah MST075-1R MSN230-1RY ND1232B-2RY MSU161-01 1.058 1.060 1.063 1.066 1.073 1.069 1.062 1.071 1.072 1.063 1.072 1.083 1.080 1.068 1.074 1.083 1.071 1.075 23 23 20 17 8 17 20 14 16 12 12 15 15 12 12 10 10 8 2 2 3 7 3 5 0 10 6 6 12 7 7 10 8 10 10 13 0 0 1 1 1 3 4 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS PERCENT (%) BRUISE FREE AVERAGE SPOTS/TUBER 76 77 52 39 48 40 40 35 31 32 29 26 28 16 38 32 25 21 17 17 27 8 24 8 15 12 4 0 4 0 92 92 83 68 67 68 80 56 64 60 48 60 60 48 48 40 40 32 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.6 3.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 Table of Contents46 Table 12 ENTRY ND1241-1Y MSX324-1P MSY111-01 W13027-32rus ND1243-1PY W13006-2rus W9523-1rus W13014-5rus W13030-3rus RUSSET TRIAL TX08352-5Rus CW08221-5Rus ATX91137-1Rus (Reveille Russet) WAF10073-3Rus A06021-1TRus Russet Norkotah AF5091-8Rus Goldrush Russet ND050032-4Rus A08433-4VRRUS WND8625-2Rus Silverton Russet A07061-6Rus CO8155-2RU/Y A02507-2LB (Payette) AF5312-1Rus W9742-3Rus A06030-23Rus AF5179-4Rus SP GR 1.091 1.081 1.077 1.071 1.079 1.087 1.075 1.094 1.090 1.067 1.066 1.077 1.073 1.083 1.077 1.072 1.076 1.081 1.086 1.082 1.078 1.084 1.080 1.092 1.079 1.102 1.087 1.094 ADAPTATION TRIAL, TABLESTOCK LINES 1.064 Elfe NDAF102629C-4 1.071 1.062 W9576-11Y 1.059 Wega 1.063 MSU383-A 1.063 Melou NY149 1.081 1.074 Cerrata 1.080 Alegria 1.070 Julinka MSW125-3 1.061 1.059 MSX569-1R 1.082 Jelly 1.074 MST075-1R 1.075 NY161 MSV301-02 1.086 1.079 MSW125-1 1.076 Reba 1.077 Superior MSW316-3PY 1.077 2017 BLACKSPOT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST SIMULATED BRUISE SAMPLES* MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS NUMBER OF SPOTS PER TUBER 0 10 7 10 7 2 4 1 4 0 2 5 5 7 6 6 3 8 9 10 1 9 12 5 9 14 12 10 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 3 4 4 7 5 PERCENT (%) BRUISE FREE 40 28 40 28 8 16 4 16 0 AVERAGE SPOTS/TUBER 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.7 5+ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 11 6 8 6 6 6 6 6 4 2 3 3 1 2 0 3 1 1 0 12 12 12 11 22 10 10 11 13 9 20 17 8 17 7 16 16 7 11 13 11 17 6 11 12 9 10 8 7 10 6 9 9 0 9 5 2 3 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 3 3 8 5 6 5 7 7 6 7 12 2 2 8 6 3 8 6 9 6 10 14 9 10 5 5 7 6 6 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 6 3 7 6 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 4 5 5 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 24 36 24 24 24 24 24 21 8 12 12 4 15 0 12 5 4 0 92 92 92 85 88 77 77 85 81 75 80 68 62 68 58 64 64 54 58 52 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.9 3.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 Table of Contents47 Table 12 ENTRY Yukon Gold Wendy MSS576-5SPL Allora Ciklaman Lollipop Onaway MSW148-1P MSU161-1 Musica Madison Oneida Gold MSX324-1P NY157 Viviana Montreal 2017 BLACKSPOT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST SIMULATED BRUISE SAMPLES* MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS NUMBER OF SPOTS PER TUBER 0 12 6 14 5 7 6 5 8 11 7 4 4 11 3 2 1 1 4 7 8 6 9 4 5 12 9 1 4 5 4 7 2 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 2 0 1 4 1 1 3 2 3 0 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 5 3 6 1 7 5 PERCENT (%) BRUISE FREE 63 46 56 38 37 46 38 33 44 54 31 31 44 23 17 8 AVERAGE SPOTS/TUBER 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.6 2.0 5+ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SP GR 1.083 1.064 1.077 1.072 1.092 1.070 1.070 1.086 1.075 1.077 1.101 1.081 1.085 1.084 1.065 1.070 PRELIMINARY TRIAL, CHIP-PROCESSING LINES 17 MSY046-3 13 MSX245-1 MSY012-2 15 13 MSZ219-44 12 MSZ052-31 8 MSZ118-05 14 MSW299-2 MSX501-5 11 12 MSZ063-02 3 MSZ052-53 10 MSV502-05 MSV427-1 9 11 MSZ282-6 3 MSW464-3 7 MSX526-2Y MSX177-07Y 11 6 MSZ022-19 7 MSX189-3 7 MSX245-2Y 7 MSV498-1 MSX420-04Y 6 8 MSY077-5 5 MSY027-2 8 MSZ118-08 MSZ042-7 8 8 MST424-6 6 MST458-4 3 MSY156-02 3 MSY089-2 MSY111-1 4 5 MSZ025-2 5 MSZ102-5 7 MSW168-2 MSX526-01 4 1.068 1.080 1.078 1.077 1.076 1.078 1.082 1.083 1.089 1.082 1.079 1.076 1.086 1.089 1.075 1.082 1.082 1.077 1.082 1.076 1.078 1.080 1.079 1.078 1.099 1.080 1.082 1.083 1.082 1.074 1.084 1.079 1.086 1.081 6 12 7 7 8 15 7 8 7 8 10 10 9 7 13 7 12 10 9 10 11 8 11 7 7 5 10 14 12 11 11 10 9 9 2 0 3 5 4 2 0 6 5 1 4 6 2 2 5 5 6 7 9 5 6 6 8 7 7 8 6 6 9 8 5 6 4 9 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 2 3 1 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 3 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 68 52 60 52 48 32 56 44 48 25 40 36 44 25 28 44 25 28 28 28 24 32 20 32 32 33 24 12 12 16 20 20 28 16 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 Table of Contents48 Table 12 ENTRY W9968-5 MSX120-5Y MSZ246-1 MSX345-6Y MSZ091-3 MSX417-01 MST306-1 MSY071-1 MSZ052-02 MSX209-1 MSZ022-07 MSZ251-01 MSZ248-10 MSX225-2 MSV127-2 MSV507-007 MSX111-3 MSV507-012 Snowden MSV507-073 MSY256-A NY162 MSZ269-17 2017 BLACKSPOT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST SIMULATED BRUISE SAMPLES* MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS SP GR 1.092 1.08 1.086 1.088 1.080 1.086 1.089 1.080 1.082 1.074 1.082 1.093 1.081 1.085 1.086 1.084 1.091 1.086 1.091 1.094 1.087 1.094 1.083 NUMBER OF SPOTS PER TUBER 0 6 3 6 6 3 3 2 4 3 4 3 1 4 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 7 10 8 9 10 9 10 8 11 4 5 7 3 3 6 7 4 3 3 2 0 2 0 3 7 3 3 1 4 4 2 2 4 8 5 5 5 4 7 4 3 10 10 8 8 8 0 2 5 8 5 4 7 8 9 8 4 7 9 9 8 3 9 6 5 7 4 6 4 1 2 4 0 1 3 5 1 1 2 3 3 2 5 1 4 1 2 8 5 2 4 3 6 4 7 5+ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 3 3 4 6 6 10 11 PERCENT (%) BRUISE FREE 24 12 24 24 12 12 8 16 12 16 11 4 16 8 0 0 13 0 0 0 4 0 5 AVERAGE SPOTS/TUBER 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.8 4.1 PRELIMINARY TRIAL, TABLESTOCK LINES MST148-3 Queen Anne MSY483-3 Soraya MSZ464-3 MSX503-05 MSY474-8 MSZ622-1 MSW128-2 MSY489-1 Reba MSX497-02 MSV111-2 MSZ210-8 MSZ513-2 MSZ590-1 MSZ562-4 MSZ615-2 MSZ004-1 Superior QSMSU10-09 MSW092-1 MSY507-02 MSZ407-2Y MSW154-4 MSX497-06 1.080 1.062 1.069 1.068 1.069 1.072 1.064 1.062 1.062 1.065 1.072 1.073 1.084 1.072 1.073 1.065 1.069 1.072 1.071 1.077 1.078 1.076 1.083 1.084 1.075 1.074 5 20 16 16 8 8 8 12 5 12 10 6 9 9 10 9 4 6 7 2 3 2 5 3 0 3 7 3 6 8 4 3 3 12 8 10 13 5 12 11 10 11 19 15 12 16 13 6 9 12 15 10 5 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 0 3 1 1 3 5 4 5 2 4 5 7 8 4 7 4 8 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 5 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 87 73 64 62 62 62 48 38 48 40 46 36 36 40 36 16 24 28 8 13 15 20 13 0 13 1.5 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 Table of Contents49 Table 12 ENTRY MSY491-2Y MSW128-1Y 2017 BLACKSPOT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST SIMULATED BRUISE SAMPLES* MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS NUMBER OF SPOTS PER TUBER 0 1 1 1 15 9 4 2 3 2 5 4 3 2 7 PERCENT (%) BRUISE FREE 4 4 AVERAGE SPOTS/TUBER 1.6 2.2 5+ 0 1 SP GR 1.068 1.088 PRELIMINARY TRIAL, PIGMENTED LINES 1.059 MSW343-2R 1.064 Dark Red Norland 1.068 Dark Red Chieftain MSZ109-05RR 1.066 1.078 MSZ428-1PP 1.067 QSNDSU07-04R 1.070 Dakota Ruby 1.068 MSU202-1P MSZ107-01PP 1.076 1.066 MSZ109-10PP 1.067 ND7132-1R 1.068 ND6002-1R AF5245-1P 1.075 1.076 MSXUNK-03P 16 9 11 11 12 10 10 9 9 10 8 11 6 5 6 10 13 13 11 14 12 13 13 11 11 6 13 11 2 0 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 4 6 4 8 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 47 44 44 48 40 40 36 36 40 33 44 24 20 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 Table of Contents50 Table 12 ENTRY MSZ109-08PP AF4831-2R MSZ107-06PP MSZ602-2PP Modoc MSV235-2PY MSZ405-1PP MSW476-4R W8405-1R MSZ443-1PP MSX426-1RR MSX001-9WP 2017 BLACKSPOT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST SIMULATED BRUISE SAMPLES* MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS SP GR 1.065 1.066 1.077 1.065 1.067 1.073 1.058 1.074 1.070 1.067 1.080 1.073 NUMBER OF SPOTS PER TUBER 0 8 3 5 4 5 4 5 2 2 2 1 0 1 6 13 8 10 9 10 9 12 7 7 4 2 2 9 7 8 8 7 8 6 5 7 7 11 5 3 2 1 4 2 4 1 4 5 1 6 5 5 4 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 3 3 1 5+ 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 PERCENT (%) BRUISE FREE 32 12 20 16 19 16 20 8 10 8 4 0 AVERAGE SPOTS/TUBER 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.4 USPB/SFA TRIAL CHECK SAMPLES (Not bruised) AC01144-1W NDA081453CAB-2C MSV358-3 MSW485-2 NDTX0981648CB-13W NY152 B2727-2 AF5040-8 Lamoka Snowden MSX540-4 MSR127-1 1.067 1.079 1.074 1.086 1.083 1.080 1.081 1.081 1.082 1.085 1.087 1.086 21 21 19 18 15 15 17 17 14 14 12 13 USPB/SFA TRIAL BRUISE SAMPLES MSV358-3 NDTX0981648CB-13W NY152 NDA081453CAB-2C AC01144-1W AF5040-8 Lamoka MSW485-2 MSR127-1 Snowden B2727-2 MSX540-4 1.074 1.083 1.08 1.079 1.067 1.081 1.082 1.086 1.086 1.085 1.081 1.087 18 17 17 15 15 16 13 11 7 6 2 5 4 3 3 5 9 10 5 8 10 9 11 7 6 8 6 8 5 5 7 9 14 8 13 3 0 1 3 2 0 0 3 2 1 2 2 5 1 0 2 1 2 2 5 3 2 7 5 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 2 1 4 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 84 84 76 72 62.5 60 68 63 56 56 48 52 72 68 68 60 65 64 52 44 28 24 8 21 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.6 2.0 *Thirteen to twenty-five (dependent on the number of replications in a given trial) A-size tuber samples were collected at harvest, held at 50 F at least 12 hours, and placed in a six-sided plywood drum and rotated ten times to produce simulated bruising. Samples were abrasive-peeled and scored 10/30 & 31/2017. The table is presented in ascending order of average number of spots per tuber. Table of Contents51 Funding: Federal Grant, MPIC and Potatoes USA/SNAC 2017 On-Farm Potato Variety Trials Chris Long, Trina Zavislan, Anna Busch, John Calogero, Dr. Dave Douches Cooperators: Chris Kapp (UPREC), James DeDecker, (Presque Isle Co.), Monica Jean (Delta Co.), Marissa Schuhmar (Monroe Co.) and Ashely MacFarland (UPREC) INTRODUCTION Our main objectives for on-farm potato variety trials are to: 1) identify promising lines for further testing and evaluation, 2) conduct larger scale commercial agronomic and processing trials through multi-acre block plantings, and 3) use trial data to encourage the commercialization of new varieties in the state of Michigan. We share our results with growers, breeders, and processors across the country to aid in the development of new varieties. In 2017, we conducted 41 on-farm potato variety trials with 16 growers in 12 counties. Processing trial cooperators were: 4-L Farms, Inc. (Allegan), County Line Farms (Allegan), Crawford Farms, Inc. (Montcalm), Crooks Farms, Inc. (Montcalm), Johnsons Farms (Bay), Lennard Ag. Co. (St. Joseph), Main Farms (Montcalm), Sandyland Farms (Montcalm), and Walther Farms, Inc. (St. Joseph). We also conducted processing trials at the Michigan State University (MSU) Montcalm Research Center (Montcalm). The Potatoes USA/Snacking Nutrition and Convenience International (SNAC Int.) chip trial was conducted at Sandyland Farms (Montcalm). Fresh market trial cooperators were: 4-L Farms (Allegan), Crawford Farms, Inc. (Montcalm), Elmaple Farm LLC (Kalkaska), Horkey Bros. (Monroe), Jenkins Farms (Kalkaska), Kitchen Farms, Inc. (Antrim), Lennard Ag. Co. (St. Joseph), T.J.J. VanDamme Farms (Delta), Walther Farms, Inc. (St. Joseph), and Wilk Farms (Presque Isle). PROCEDURE A. Processing Variety Trials We evaluated 45 chip processing varieties in 2017. To evaluate selected processing lines, we used the following check varieties: Altantic, Lamoka, Pike, and Snowden. For all trials, we used 10” in-row seed spacing and 34” rows. The majority of our processing trials were strip trials. These trials consisted of a single 75-95’ strip for each variety of which we harvested and graded a single 23-ft section. At Crooks Farms, we planted 15’ long strips and harvested the entire strip. For each variety in the Walther Farms, Inc. trials, we planted three, 15-ft long rows and harvested the center row. We also conducted multi-acre block plantings of promising, non- commercialized trials at County Line Farms, Lennard Ag. Co., Crooks Farms, Sackett Table of Contents52 Potatoes and Sandyland Farms. Agronomic production practices for these block plantings varied based on each grower’s production system. B. Processing Variety Trials We conducted the Potatoes USA/SNAC Int. Trial for Michigan at Sandyland Farms, LCC (Montcalm County). We planted 12 varieties in 300’ strips and harvested three, 23-ft sections of row for each variety. Our check varieties were ‘Lamoka’ and ‘Snowden’. For more details on this trial, please reference the 2017 annual report published by Potatoes USA. C. Fresh Market Trials Within the fresh market trials, we evaluated 84 primary entries (this does not include entries from Potatoes USA/NFPT trial) which included: 25 russet, 16 red, 27 yellow, 7 novelty, and 9 round white types. To evaluate selected table-stock lines, we used the following check varieties: Red: Dark Red Norland Round White: Onaway, Reba Russet: GoldRush, Russet Norkotah, Silverton Russet Yellow: Yukon Gold We planted all trials with 34” wide rows and 10” in-row seed spacing. We evaluated the majority of our fresh market trials as strip trials. These trials consisted of a single 60-100’ for each variety of which we harvested and graded a single 23-ft section. We planted the NFPT trial at Walther Farms, Inc. as single 15’ long strips and harvested the entire strip. For each variety in the Elmaple Farm LCC trial, we planted three, 30-ft long rows and harvested 23-ft of the center row. We planted Walther Farms, Inc. trials similarly to the Elmaple trial except the rows were 15 ft long and we harvested the entire center row. We also conducted multi-acre block plantings of promising, non- commercialized trials at Elmaple Farms, Jenkins Farms, Kitchen Farms, Lippens Farm, R & E Styma Farms and Walther Farms. Agronomic production practices for these block plantings varied based on each grower’s production system. RESULTS A. Processing Variety Trial Results We recorded general descriptions, pedigrees, and scab ratings for all varieties tested in 2017 (Table 1) and evaluated these varieties based on yield, specific gravity, internal quality, common scab ratings, and maturity (Table 2). Below are seven superior processing varieties from 2017. MSV313-2: This Michigan State University selection was evaluated at two locations and had the highest overall and US #1 yields in 2017 of 743 cwt/A and 713 cwt/A, respectively. It produced very large tubers with 56% over 3 ¼ inches. It will be further evaluated under reduced nitrogen conditions in 2018. This variety Table of Contents53 had an average common scab rating of 0.8 and a lightly higher than average stem end defect score of 1.8. It had no internal defects except 20% of tubers exhibiting vascular discoloration. It had a specific gravity of 1.082 and an off the farm chip score of 1.8. MSV313-2 is a medium to late maturing plant with moderately vigorous vines. MSX219-13: This variety had the second highest US #1 yield in the processing variety trial of 596 cwt/A. It had 96% US #1 tubers and a below average percentage of pickouts. The specific gravity was 1.082 and off the farm chip score was 1.0, below the trial average of 1.3. This variety is resistant to both common scab and stem end defects. It had good internal quality except for 12% vascular discoloration. MSX219-13 is a medium-late maturing plant with moderately vigorous vines. MSX111-3: This variety had a high yield of 530 cwt/A US #1 tubers. It had a larger size profile with 18% oversize tubers. MSX111-3 had a higher than average specific gravity of 1.087, and an off the farm chip score of 1.0. It had some internal defects, including 20% vascular discoloration, internal brown spot, and brown center, and 10% hollow heart. This variety was only evaluated at one location in 2017, but will be further evaluated in multiple locations in 2018. W9968-5: This variety from the University of Wisconsin was evaluated at ten locations in 2017. It had 88% US #1 tubers and a US#1 yield of 526 cwt/A. This variety had an above average specific gravity of 1.087 and an off the farm chip score of 1.4. It had an average amount of internal defects and was moderately resistant to common scab. It had moderate stem end defects with a score of 2.8. The tubers could be pear shaped with heavy russeting. MSX540-4: This Michigan State University variety was planted at twelve locations, and had an average yield of 511 cwt/A US #1 tubers. It had a very high specific gravity of 1.090, and an off the farm chip score of 1.2. It had a low incidence of internal defects except for 12% vascular discoloration, less than the trial average. This variety was resistant to both common scab and stem end defects. MSX540-4 had a moderately vigorous vine and medium maturity. It has good chip color after storage, but exhibited bruising and some dark chips. NY152: This Cornell University variety continued to display excellent agronomic traits. The US#1 yield was 496 cwt/A, with 86% US #1 tubers. It had an average specific gravity of 1.084 and an off the farm chip score of 1.3. This medium maturing variety had a lower than average incidence of stem end defects, and lower than average internal defects. It has excellent long-term storage potential, with low total defects and an SNAC chip score of 1.0 after several months in storage. MSW485-2: This Michigan State University variety had a high US#1 yield of 495 cwt/A and 84% US #1 tubers. It had a very high specific gravity of 1.090 and an average common scab rating of 0.8. This variety had an off the farm chip score of 1.3, and a lower than average incidence of internal defects. MSW485-2 is a medium to late maturing variety with some alligator hide observed in 2017. Table of Contents54 The varieties with the highest US#1 yields were MSX540-4, MSW485-2, B. Potatoes USA/SNAC Int. Chip Trial In 2017, we conducted the Potatoes USA / SNAC Int. Michigan chip trial at Sandyland Farms, LLC in Montcalm County. We compared yield, size distribution, and specific gravity of 10 test varieties to Lamoka and Snowden (Table 3). We also evaluated at- harvest raw tuber quality (Table 4) and sent samples to Herr Foods, Inc. (Nottingham, PA) where potatoes were processed and scored for out of the field chip quality (Table 5). We assessed blackspot bruise susceptibility (Table 6) and pre-harvest panels for each variety (Table 7). MSR127-2, and NY152, with yields ranging from 500 cwt/A to 461 cwt/A. MSR127-2 had the highest percent of US #1 tubers at 90%, while AC01144-1W had the lowest at 71%. The average specific gravity of the trial was 1.081 (Table 3). No internal brown spot or brown center was observed in 2017, and minimal hollow heart was present with a trial average of 2% and the highest incidence at 10% in B2727-2. However all varieties displayed at least 10% vascular discoloration, with 47% incidence in AF5040-8 and Snowden (Table 4). Samples collected on October 17th were processed by Herr’s Foods, Inc. on October 23rd. NY152 had the highest Agton color for the second year at 63.2, and was ranked first by Herr’s for overall chip quality. MSX540-4 and MSV358-3 were also ranked highly, while MSR127-2 and AC01144-1W were ranked last in the trial (Table 5). Black spot bruise assessments demonstrated that MSV358-3, NDTX081648CB-13W, and NY152 were most resistant to black spot bruising with about 70% bruise free tubers, while B2727-2 and MSX540-4 were most susceptible, with 8% and 21% bruise free tubers, respectively (Table 6). C. Fresh Market and Variety Trial Results We recorded general descriptions, pedigrees, and scab ratings for all fresh market varieties evaluated in 2017 (Table 8) and assessed these varieties based on yield, specific gravity, internal quality, common scab ratings, and maturity (Table 9). Below are top performing russet, yellow, red, white, and novelty fresh pack varieties. Russets Caribou Russet: This University of Maine variety had the second highest US#1 trial yield at 558 cwt/A. It had a medium russeted skin type and a larger tuber size profile with 24% of tubers over ten ounces. This medium maturing variety is resistant to common scab and has a very vigorous vine. It had a specific gravity of 1.078, slightly above the trial average, and low incidence of hollow heart, internal brown spot, and brown center. However, it had 40% vascular discoloration, well above the trial average of 9%. A08433-4VRRUS: This Aberdeen, Idaho variety also had a high yield of 557 cwt/A with 83% US #1 tubers. It had a specific gravity of 1.080 and a common scab rating of 0.7. This full season variety had a moderately vigorous vine, and no internal defects except for a 27% incidence of vascular discoloration. A08433- Table of Contents55 4VRRUS has multiple disease resistances including PVY, Verticillium Wilt, Early Blight, and tuber Late Blight. A07060-6RUS: This Aberdeen, Idaho variety was evaluated at six locations in 2017. It had a high US#1 yield of 513 cwt/A, and a smaller tuber size profile with 17% B-sized tubers. This variety had a specific gravity of 1.080 and excellent internal quality, with 3% vascular discoloration and no other defects present. It had a higher than average common scab rating of 1.3 and a late vine maturity. AF5179-4RUS: This University of Maine selection was evaluated in eight locations in 2017 and had a high yield of 468 cwt/A of US#1 tubers. It had a very high specific gravity of 1.089 and good internal quality with defects at or below the trial average. AF5179-4RUS is susceptible to common scab with a score of 2.0, and the potatoes had a tubular shape. W10612-8RUS: This University of Wisconsin variety had a US #1 yield of 449 cwt/A and 83% US #1 tubers. It had a specific gravity of 1.076, slightly below the trial average, and good internal quality, at or below the trial average for hollow heart, vascular discoloration, internal brown spot, and brown center. This variety is moderately resistant to common scab with a score of 0.7, and had medium vine maturity. A06021-1TRUS: This Aberdeen, Idaho selection had a yield of 445 cwt/A US #1 potatoes, slightly above the trial average of 442 cwt/A. It had a specific gravity of 1.076 and acceptable internal quality. This medium maturing variety had a common scab score of 0.5. Yellow Flesh Soraya: This Norika selection had the highest yield of the yellow flesh trial in 2017 at 494 cwt/A US#1 potatoes. It had a specific gravity of 1.060, lower than the trial average of 1.067, and medium vine vigor and maturity. It had good internal quality, with internal defects below the trial average, and a common scab rating of 0.6. Jelly: This SunRain variety had a high US #1 yield of 468 cwt/A with 82% US #1 tubers. At 1.078, it had a higher than average specific gravity, and a common scab rating of 0.7. Jelly had a high incidence of vascular discoloration at 27%, well above the trial average of 13%. This full season variety had oval to oblong tubers. Musica: This Meijer selection was evaluated at eight locations in 2017. It had a US#1 yield of 455 cwt/A and a smaller tuber size profile, with 25% B-sized tubers. This variety had a specific gravity of 1.068 and a lower than average incidence of internal defects. It was a medium maturing variety with a common scab rating of 0.6. Malou: This Michigan State University variety had a bright skin appearance and high US #1 yield of 449 cwt/A. It had a lower specific gravity of 1.063, and good Table of Contents56 internal quality except for 21% vascular discoloration. With a rating of 1.1 it was susceptible to common scab. NY161: This Cornell University variety had purple splashed eyes and high yield of 446 cwt/A US#1 potatoes. It had a specific gravity of 1.074 and good internal quality at or below the trial average. This medium to late maturing variety had a moderately vigorous vine type. Alegria: This Norika selection was evaluated at eight locations in 2017. It had a US #1 yield of 427 cwt/A and a specific gravity of 1.078. This variety had a higher than average incidence of vascular discoloration, but other internal defects were below the trial average. This medium maturing variety had an oblong tuber type, pink eyes, and a larger tuber size profile. Elfe: This SunRain selection had a US#1 yield of 380 cwt/A and 76% US #1 potatoes. It had an average specific gravity of 1.067, and a common scab rating slightly below average at 0.7. This early maturing variety had some heat sprouts. Red Skin Cerata: This Stet Holland variety was the highest yielding variety in the 2017 red skin potato trial with a US #1 yield of 535 cwt/A. It was evaluated at eight locations in 2017, and had 85% US #1 tubers. Cerata had a specific gravity of 1.073, higher than the trial average of 1.063. It had good internal quality except for 10% vascular discoloration. This full season variety had a common scab rating of 0.8 and slight heat sprouts. W8405-1R: This University of Wisconsin variety had a high US #1 yield of 442 cwt/A and a specific gravity of 1.064. Its internal quality was acceptable, with 11% vascular discoloration and 8% internal brown spot. This variety had an oval tuber type, very vigorous vine, and medium maturity. ND7132-1R: This medium maturing North Dakota variety had a US#1 yield of 439 cwt/A and a specific gravity of 1.062. It had an oval tuber shape and attractive red skin color. It had a slightly higher than average incidence of vascular discoloration at 14%. It was susceptible to common scab with a rating of 1.6, and had sticky stolons and slight skinning. Dark Red Chieftain: This Chieftain selection originated in Iowa in 1966. It has a good overall appearance with netted, dark red skin. In 2017, Dark Red Chieftain was a high yielding red variety with a US#1 yield of 388 cwt/A. This medium maturity clone is also common scab tolerant with a rating of 0.7. AF4831-2R: This University of Maine selection had a higher than average yield of 370 cwt/A of US #1 potatoes. It had a smaller size profile with no oversize potatoes and 25% B size tubers. This variety had a specific gravity of 1.065 and acceptable internal quality. It had a common scab rating of 1.2, and some skinning was observed in 2017. Table of Contents57 W8890-1R: This mid-season maturing Wisconsin variety produced uniform tubers with deep red skin. It had a US#1 yield of 345 cwt/A, slightly below the trial average of 354 cwt/A. W8890-1R had a smaller size profile with 17% B size tubers. It had a higher than average incidence of vascular discoloration at 35%. Round White MSY111-1: This Michigan State University selection was the highest yielding variety of the 2017 round white variety trial. It has a US #1 yield of 543 cwt/A with 90% US#1 tubers. This variety had a larger tuber size profile with 17% of tubers larger than 3 ¼ inches, and a netted skin. It had good internal quality with 8% vascular discoloration. This full season variety had a common scab rating of 0.7. MSU383-A: This Michigan State University variety had a US #1 yield of 421 cwt/A with 95% US #1 tubers. It had some alligator hide and 24% oversize tubers. It had no internal defects in 2017 and a specific gravity of 1.061. This variety has slightly earlier maturity than average. AF4138-8: This University of Maine selection had a US #1 yield of 411 cwt/A with 78% US #1 tubers. It had a smaller size profile, with 20% B size tubers. This variety had a lower than average specific gravity of 1.063, 13% vascular discoloration, and a common scab rating of 0.8. MSV179-1: This Michigan State University variety had uniform, round tubers with cream colored flesh. It yielded well in four locations with an average US#1 yield of 392 cwt/A and 23% oversize. MSV179-1 is more adaptable to northern locations. Internal quality was excellent with only 3% vascular discoloration. This variety also appears to be common scab tolerant with a rating of 0.6. Novelty AF5414-1RR: This University of Maine selection has red skin and red flesh, with some purple flesh observed in 2017. It has a US #1 yield of 387 cwt/A and 79% US #1 tubers. It had a higher than average specific gravity of 1.077, and a common scab rating of 0.9. It had excellent internal quality with no defects reported in 2017. MSX324-1P: This Michigan State University variety was evaluated at five location in 2017. It had an average US #1 yield of 303 cwt/A and 97% US #1 tubers. This variety has dark purple skin and excellent internal tuber quality, with no defects reported in 2017. It is resistant to common scab with a rating of 0.4, and is an early maturing variety. Table of Contents58 Table 1. Variety information for 2017 MSU Processing Potato Variety Trials 2017 Scab Rating* 1.8 0.5 1.0 Entry Atlantic Pedigree Wauseon X B5141-6 (Lenape) Hodag Pike X Dakota Pearl Lamoka (NY139) NY120 X NY115 Characteristics High yield, early maturing, high incidence of internal defects, high specific gravity Average yield, high specific gravity, size profile similar to Atlantic, management should be adjusted as this variety produces large tubers, long storage potential with common scab resistance High yield, mid-late season maturity, medium specific gravity, oval to oblong tuber type, low internal defects, long term chip quality Madison Sun Rain 0.6 High specific gravity, early vine maturity Manistee (MSL292-A) Snowden X MSH098-2 Mega Chip Wischip X FYF85 Pike (NYE55-35) Allegany X Atlantic Pinnacle (W5015-12) Brodick X W1355-1 Saginaw Chipper (MSR061-1) Pike X NY121 Snowden (W855) B5141-6 X Wischip AC01144-1W COA96141-2 X Willamette 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.3 Average yield, scab resistance similar to Snowden, medium specific gravity, long storage potential, uniform, flat round tuber type, heavy netted skin Medium to late season maturity, high yield potential, early bulking, longer dormancy than Snowden, common scab resistance, fairly resistant to shatter bruise, good chip quality out of the field and out of storage Average yield, early to mid-season maturity, small tuber size profile, early storage, some internal defects, medium specific gravity Average yield, high tuber set with smaller tuber size profile, medium-late vine maturity, tubers tend toward flattened shape, scab tolerance similar to Snowden Medium yield, resistance, to PVY, common scab, foliar late blight, late season maturity, excellent chip quality out of storage, low incidence of internal defects High yield, late maturity, mid-season storage, reconditions well in storage, medium to high specific gravity Smaller tuber size profile, medium vine maturity Table of Contents59 (Processing Varieties Cont.) Entry Pedigree 2017 Scab Rating* AF4648-2 NY132 X Liberator 0.6 AF5040-8 B2727-2 MSR127-2 MSV016-2 MSV030-4 MSV033-1 MSV307-2 AF2376-5 X Lamoka B0766-3 X B2135-163 MSJ167-1 X MSG227-2 Atlantic X Missaukee Beacon Chipper X MSG227-2 Beacon Chipper X MSJ147-1 MSN238-A X McBride MSV313-2 MSN238-A X OP MSV358-3 MSP239-1 X OP MSW075-2 MSW485-2 MSK061-4 X Nicolet MSQ070-1 X MSR156-7 1.4 2.7 0.5 0.0 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.8 Characteristics Moderate yield potential, common scab resistant, high specific gravity, low internal defects, in SNAC trial High yield, high specific gravity, medium maturing, vigorous vines, pale yellow flesh, round to oblong shape, common scab susceptible, in SNAC trial, in Fast Track 2018 Early vine maturity, oval tuber shape, in SNAC trial Scab resistant, high specific gravity, good chip quality from storage, above average yield potential, medium-late maturity, in SNAC trial Scab resistant, high specific gravity, smooth light skin, larger tuber size profile High yield potential, high specific gravity, flattened round tuber shape, in SNAC 2018 High percentage of pickouts, good chip color, high hollow heart incidence, misshapen tubers Goo chip color, some misshapen tubers and growth crack, medium maturity High yield potential, large round tubers with smooth shape, scab resistant, potential storage chipper. Scab resistant with high specific gravity. Has chip storage potential from 50oF. Smaller tuber size profile, possible resistance to common scab, medium vine maturity High yield potential, high specific gravity, excellent chip-processing quality out of the field and long-term storage, resistance to late blight and common scab tolerant Table of Contents60 (Processing Varieties Cont.) Entry MSX050-1 MSX111-3 MSX120-5Y MSX540-4 MSZ022-7 MSZ052-11 MSZ219-1 MSZ219-13 Pedigree Beacon Chipper X Nicolet Dakota Crisp X MSN19102Y Dakota Diamond X McBride Saginaw Chipper X Lamoka Kalkaska X Tundra Pike X MSR127-2 Saginaw Chipper X MSR127-2 Saginaw Chipper X MSR127-2 MSZ219-14 Saginaw Chipper X MSR127-2 MSZ219-46 MSZ242-09 MSZ242-13 Saginaw Chipper XMSR127-2 MSR169-8Y X MSU383-A MSR169-8Y X MSU383-A ND7519-1 ND3828-15 X W1353 2017 Scab Rating* 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 Characteristics Low specific gravity, acceptable internal quality, full season variety. High yield potential, high percent US#1 tubers, medium vine maturity Light yellow flesh, some pink eyes, good internal quality, good chip color, smaller vine size Average yield, high specific gravity, long term chip processing quality with resistance to common scab Average to high yield potential, larger tuber size profile, resistance to common scab, in Fast Track 2018 High yield potential, medium vine maturity, resistance to common scab Common scab, PVY, and late blight resistant, high specific gravity, attractive tuber type High yield potential, high percent US#1 tubers, good chip processing quality out of the field, resistance to common scab High specific gravity, average to high yield potential, long term chip processing quality, resistance to common scab, late blight, and PVY Larger tuber size profile, good chip quality out of the field High specific gravity, smaller tuber size profile, resistance to common scab Very high specific gravity, good out of the field chip quality, resistance to internal defects, medium vine maturity, in Fast Track 2018 High specific gravity, medium to high yield potential, medium vine maturity, round smooth skinned tubers, in SNAC 2018 Table of Contents61 (Processing Varieties cont.) Entry 2017 Scab Rating* Characteristics 0.6 1.0 2.0 1.1 2.3 0.8 High yield potential, early vine maturity, smaller tuber size profile High yield potential, some resistance to common scab, early vine maturity, high percentage of US #1 tubers, in SNAC and Fast Track 2018 Medium maturity, oval shaped tubers, smaller tuber size profile, in SNAC 2018 High yield potential, medium specific gravity, excellent long-term storage chip quality, tolerance to common scab, currently in SNAC trial High yield potential, low internal defects, medium specific gravity, moderate common scab resistance, in SNAC trial High yield potential, low internal defects, medium specific gravity, moderate common scab resistance, in SNAC and Fast Large tuber size, nice skin, moderate to high yield potential, early vine maturity, in Track 2018 SNAC trial High specific gravity, high yield potential, tolerant to PVY, late maturity, long storage potential, cream to yellow colored flesh depending on environmental conditions High yield potential, high specific gravity, resistance to common scab, medium vine maturity, in SNAC 2018 ND7799C-1 NDA081453CAB-2C Pedigree Dakota Pearl X Dakota Diamond Dakota Diamond ND039173CAB- X 22 NDTX081648CB- 13W ND8456-1 X ND7377CB-1 NY152 (NYH15-5) B38-14 X Marcy NY157 White Pearl X Marcy NY162 (NYK31-4) NYE106-2 X NYE48-2 TX09396-1W Atlantic X Lamoka 1.1 W8822-1 Fasan X Tundra 0.6 W9968-5 Fasan X Nicolet 0.6 *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data provided from the Potato Outreach Program (POP). Line descriptions provided by potato breeding programs and updated by POP following evaluations at trial locations. Table of Contents62 Table 2. 2017 Michigan Statewide Chip Processing Potato Variety Trials Overall Averages - Sixteen Locations CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL1 LINE US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR2 MSV313-2di MSZ219-13lp MSX111-3l W9968-5bdefgijklp Atlanticbdip MSX540-4abeghjklmnop AF5040-8dinp NY152abcdefghklmnop MSW485-2abcefghklmop W8822-1bdik NY162klp Hodagabcdfghklmnp Snowdenabchjklmop MSR127-2abcefghjklmnop Mega Chipk MSZ052-11befgjklmp NDA081453CAB-2Cbdikop MSV030-4befgjklmnp Pinnacle Chipperkp ND7519-1bdefgiklp ND7799C-1bdijklp TX09396-1Wbdijklp MSZ022-7lmp Lamokaabefjklmop MSZ219-1lp Manisteeabchjklmp AF4648-2bdiklp MSZ219-14lp NY157bcj MSV358-3abefgklmnop MSZ242-9l Pikebkm Saginaw Chipperkp MSX120-5Ym Madisonbklp NDTX081648CB-13Wo MSV016-2m MSV033-1m B2727-2o MSX050-1m MSV307-2m MSZ242-13l MSZ219-46l AC01144-1Wo MSW075-2l MEAN 713 596 530 526 520 511 497 496 495 494 485 480 478 471 466 463 463 461 455 452 451 440 437 432 432 427 422 407 398 390 351 339 338 336 327 320 299 297 262 249 241 240 234 222 125 440 743 627 579 594 548 579 553 577 583 564 530 539 550 536 558 536 516 518 733 512 502 480 482 501 460 470 480 439 460 438 458 401 426 437 392 405 322 437 294 352 352 313 246 318 197 507 96 96 91 88 95 88 88 86 84 87 91 88 88 87 84 86 90 89 80 88 89 92 90 89 95 89 87 93 87 89 76 84 80 77 83 79 93 68 89 70 68 77 95 71 64 87 2 2 7 10 4 10 11 12 14 11 6 8 10 9 5 7 7 10 20 10 8 4 6 7 3 9 9 4 12 9 19 13 20 19 12 19 5 4 6 17 16 20 5 23 35 9 40 88 73 82 83 84 86 82 79 79 83 76 84 81 63 75 81 85 79 85 75 55 79 84 78 82 82 86 81 85 72 75 79 75 80 78 63 49 82 64 59 77 73 68 64 77 56 8 18 6 12 4 2 4 5 8 8 13 4 7 21 11 9 4 1 3 14 37 11 5 17 7 5 7 6 4 4 9 1 2 3 1 30 19 7 6 9 0 22 3 0 10 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 4 2 4 11 7 3 2 0 2 3 4 3 4 2 1 4 3 1 3 5 3 0 4 5 2 2 28 5 13 16 3 0 6 1 4 1.082 1.082 1.087 1.087 1.083 1.090 1.084 1.084 1.090 1.079 1.080 1.086 1.088 1.088 1.091 1.078 1.078 1.090 1.090 1.086 1.066 1.086 1.075 1.085 1.081 1.081 1.081 1.080 1.083 1.079 1.094 1.082 1.079 1.078 1.097 1.083 1.089 1.084 1.081 1.065 1.079 1.100 1.079 1.067 1.078 1.084 OTF CHIP SCORE3 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.5 3.0 2.5 1.0 3.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 1.3 RAW TUBER QUALITY4 (%) HH VD IBS BC 0 0 10 6 10 0 0 5 9 0 3 8 4 3 0 3 0 0 5 6 3 20 0 2 7 0 4 0 25 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 30 60 10 10 30 0 0 3 0 6 20 12 20 11 13 12 29 13 12 8 8 17 17 10 20 11 16 12 25 10 23 13 15 15 7 5 10 25 0 10 10 7 40 0 6 40 0 0 17 0 0 0 20 43 0 14 0 0 20 6 3 1 0 0 2 0 4 2 4 1 0 0 12 0 0 9 1 22 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 20 30 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 20 3 0 0 0 1 2 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 COMMON SCAB RATING5 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.6 1.8 0.8 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.3 2.3 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 2.0 0.0 1.0 2.7 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.3 0.0 0.8 SED SCORE6 VINE VIGOR7 VINE MATURITY8 COMMENTS 1.8 1.0 - 2.8 2.3 1.1 1.5 0.7 2.6 1.5 1.2 0.8 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.5 0.8 0.9 1.6 0.6 1.5 1.1 - 0.6 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.9 - 0.3 0.8 - 0.7 - - - - - - - - - - 1.2 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.1 3.7 2.9 3.7 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.3 4.5 3.1 3.5 2.9 4.0 3.8 4.0 2.4 2.7 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.7 2.0 2.8 4.0 2.8 5.0 2.5 3.4 1.5 1.5 2.5 0.5 3.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 2.0 3.5 3.2 skinning, very large tuber size pear shaped, oval to oblong tuber type, heavy russeting alligator hide large overall tuber size, few b size tubers alligator hide yellow flesh, heavy net skin, pointed pick outs very bright chip color poined tubers in pickouts alligator hide, some brown center sheep nose, deep apical eyes uniform round tuber type slight pink eye, flattened round tuber type, netted skin skinning, trace alligator hide, heat sprouts skinning, knobs and misshapes in pickouts flattened oval tuber type, chip blistering flat round tuber type, nice netted skin type slight bruising, oval tuber type, bright appearance very nice chip color and quality severe pink eye, light yellow flesh smooth light skin many misshapen tubers, sheep nose, knobs oval tuber type many misshapen tubers, growth crack some black leg 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.3 2.0 2.8 3.5 2.5 2.0 3.1 2.7 3.7 2.0 3.6 2.6 2.8 2.0 2.5 2.1 2.8 4.3 2.6 3.5 2.6 2.8 3.5 2.5 2.3 3.0 2.7 2.5 4.0 1.8 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.9 Table of Contents63 2017 Chip Variety Trial Sites a4-L Farms, Allegan County bCounty Line Farms, Allegan County cCrawford Farms, Montcalm County dCrooks Farms Set #1, Montcalm County eCrooks Farms Set #2, Montcalm County fCrooks Farms Set #3, Montcalm County gCrooks Farms Set #4, Montcalm County hJohnsons Farms, Bay County iLennard Ag. Company Early Trial, St. Joseph County, MI jLennard Ag. Company Chip Trial, St. Joseph County, MI kMain Farms, Montcalm County lMSU Box Bin Trial, Montcalm County mMSU Late Box Bin Trial, Montcalm County nSandyland Farms, Montcalm County oSandyland Farms SNAC Trial, Montcalm County pWalther Farms, St. Joseph County 1SIZE Bs: < 1 7/8" As: 1 7/8" - 3 1/4" OV: > 3 1/4" PO: Pickouts 2SPECIFIC GRAVITY Data not replicated within trials 3OUT OF THE FIELD CHIP COLOR SCORE (SNAC Scale) Ratings: 1 - 5 1: Excellent 5: Poor 4RAW TUBER QUALITY (percent of tubers out of 10) HH: Hollow Heart VD: Vascular Discoloration IBS: Internal Brown Spot BC: Brown Center 5COMMON SCAB RATING 0.0: Complete absence of surface or pitted lesions 1.0: Presence of surface lesions 2.0: Pitted lesions on tubers, though coverage is low 3.0: Pitted lesions common on tubers 4.0: Pitted lesions severe on tubers 5.0: More than 50% of tuber surface area covered in pitted lesions 6 SED(STEM END DEFECT) SCORE 0: No stem end defect 1: Trace stem end defect 2: Slight stem end defect 3: Moderate stem end defect 4: Severe stem end defect 5: Extreme stem end defect 7VINE VIGOR RATING Date: variable Rating 1-5 1: Slow emergence 5: Early emergence 8VINE MATURITY RATING Date: variable Rating 1-5 1: Early (vines completely dead) 5: Late (vigorous vines, some flowering) Table of Contents64 Table 3. Yield, Size Distribution,* and Specific Gravity for the 2017 SNAC Trial at Sandyland Farms Yield (cwt/A) Percent Size Distribution Specific Gravity 1.087 1.086 1.085 1.086 1.080 1.082 1.074 1.079 1.083 1.081 1.081 1.067 1.081 <0.0001 0.002 Entry MSX540-4 MSW485-2 Snowden MSR127-2 NY152 Lamoka MSV358-3 NDA081453CAB-2C NDTX081648CB-13W AF5040-8 B2727-2 AC01144-1W MEAN US#1 500a 495a 493a 469ab 461abc 419bcd 396cd 388de 320ef 276fg 262gh 222h 392 TOTAL US#1 Small Mid-Size Large Culls 570 575 570 523 551 489 477 450 405 375 294 318 467 88 86 87 90 84 87 83 88 79 76 89 71 84 9 13 11 5 12 10 12 10 19 22 6 23 13 86 83 84 85 82 84 79 84 78 72 82 68 81 2 3 3 5 2 3 4 4 1 4 7 3 3 3 1 2 5 4 3 5 2 2 2 5 6 3 ANOVA p-value <0.0001 60.3 LSD <0.0001 63.3 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.2216 0.0552 5.9 3.8 5.9 - - *small <1 7/8"; mid-size 1 7/8"-3 1/4"; large >3 1/4" Entries are ranked by US#1 yield Table 4. At-Harvest Tuber Quality for the 2017 SNAC Trial at Sandyland Farms Raw Tuber Quality1 (%) Entry MSX540-4 MSW485-2 Snowden MSR127-2 NY152 Lamoka MSV358-3 NDA081453CAB-2C NDTX081648CB-13W AF5040-8 B2727-2 AC01144-1W MEAN ANOVA p-value LSD HH 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 3 2 0.2710 - VD 10 37 47 33 37 30 40 33 40 47 17 43 35 <0.0001 13.5 IBS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - BC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - 1Internal Defects. HH = hollow heart, VD = vascular discoloration, IBS = internal brown spot, BC = brown center. Entries are ranked by US#1 yield Table of Contents65 Table 5. Post-Harvest Chip Quality1 for the 2017 SNAC Trial at Sandyland Farms Internal External Entry NY152 Lamoka MSX540-4 MSV358-3 MSW485-2 NDTX081648CB-13W Snowden NDA081453CAB-2C B2727-2 AF5040-8 MSR127-2 AC01144-1W SFA2 Specific Color Gravity 2.0 1.084 2.0 1.081 3.0 1.084 2.0 1.071 3.0 1.080 3.0 1.084 3.0 1.078 3.0 1.075 3.0 1.076 3.0 1.081 3.0 1.087 4.0 1.067 1 Samples collected October 17th and processed by Herr Foods, Inc., Nottingham, PA on October 23th, 2017. Chip defects are included in Agtron and SNAC samples. 2 SFA Color: 1 = lightest, 5 = darkest 3 Percent Chip Defects are a percentage by weight of the total sample; comprised of undesirable color, greening, internal defects and external defects. Lines are sorted by Herr's ratings, with the higest ranking line at the top of the table Agtron Color 63.2 59.0 61.3 60.6 57.5 60.8 59.8 59.3 57.3 60.4 55.7 57.1 Percent Chip Defects3 Total 19.0 22.8 11.0 19.1 23.4 7.6 26.4 8.8 50.9 38.3 37.6 29.0 7.6 3.2 4.5 15.9 6.6 0.5 14.9 1.5 29.8 31.1 4.2 10.0 11.4 19.6 6.5 3.2 16.8 7.1 11.5 7.3 21.1 7.2 33.4 19.0 Table 6. Black Spot Bruise Test for the 2017 SNAC Trial at Sandyland Farms Average Tuber Total # of Bruises Per Tuber 0 1 2 3 4 5 Tubers Entry MSV358-3 19 NDTX0981648CB-13W 15 NY152 AC01144-1W NDA081453CAB-2C AF5040-8 Lamoka MSW485-2 MSR127-1 Snowden B2727-2 MSX540-4 A. Check Samples1 Percent Bruise Bruises Per Free 76 63 60 84 84 63 56 72 52 56 68 48 3 9 15 10 4 21 3 21 17 8 14 10 5 18 7 13 14 9 17 5 12 11 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.6 25 24 25 25 25 27 25 25 25 25 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 5 2 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B. Simulated Bruise Samples2 Total # of Bruises Per Tuber 0 1 2 3 4 5 Tubers 18 6 1 0 0 0 17 8 0 0 0 0 17 6 2 0 0 0 15 5 2 1 0 0 15 8 1 1 0 0 16 5 2 2 0 0 13 7 5 0 0 0 11 9 3 2 0 0 7 14 2 1 1 0 6 8 7 4 0 0 2 13 5 4 1 0 5 3 8 5 2 1 25 25 25 23 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 24 Tuber Average Percent Bruise Bruises Per Free 72 68 68 65 60 64 52 44 28 24 8 21 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.6 2.0 1Tuber samples collected at harvest and held at room temperature for later abrasive peeling and scoring. 2Tuber samples collected at harvest, held at 50ºF for 12 hours, then placed in a 6 sided plywood drum and rotated 10 times to produce simulated bruising. They were then held at room temperature for later abrasive peeling and scoring. Table of Contents66 Table 7A. Pre-Harvest Panel for the 2017 SNAC Trial at Sandyland Farms, Taken on 8/17/2017 Canopy Rating3 Uniform.4 Table 7B. Pre-Harvest Panel for the 2017 SNAC Trial at Sandyland Farms, Taken on 8/30/2017 Entry MSX540-4 MSW485-2 Snowden MSR127-2 NY152 Lamoka MSV358-3 NDA081453CAB-2C NDTX081648CB-13W AF5040-8 B2727-2 AC01144-1W Specific Gravity 1.083 1.076 1.082 1.071 1.082 1.078 1.077 1.073 1.075 1.076 1.081 1.062 Glucose1 % 0.013 0.006 0.004 0.023 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.013 0.007 0.003 0.041 Sucrose2 Rating 0.804 1.853 0.415 1.122 0.129 0.656 0.462 1.073 0.660 1.279 1.217 0.720 Entry MSX540-4 MSW485-2 Snowden MSR127-2 NY152 Lamoka MSV358-3 NDA081453CAB-2C NDTX081648CB-13W AF5040-8 B2727-2 AC01144-1W Specific Gravity 1.085 1.080 1.083 1.080 1.076 1.080 1.070 1.075 1.073 1.072 1.079 1.066 Glucose1 % 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.001 0.002 0.018 Sucrose2 Rating 0.505 2.193 0.505 1.501 0.23 0.832 0.529 1.021 0.791 0.587 0.649 0.46 1 Percent Glucose is the percent of glucose by weight in a given amount of fresh tuber tissue. 2 Sucrose Rating is the percent of sucrose by weight in a given amount of fresh tuber tissue X10. 3 The Canopy Rating is a percent rating of green foliage (0 is all brown, dead foliage, 100 is green, vigorous foliage). 4 The Canopy Uniformity is a percentage of how uniform the foliage health is at the date of observation. 5 The Average Tuber Weight is the total tuber weight collected, divided by the number of tubers reported in ounces. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 100 100 100 100 100 100 Canopy Rating3 Uniform.4 Number of Hills Stems 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 5 4 13 10 13 11 10 14 9 17 23 16 13 17 Number of Hills Stems 4 3 3 3 2 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 16 8 16 14 10 15 13 13 16 12 9 12 Average5 Tuber Weight 2.58 1.79 2.97 2.52 2.70 2.29 3.21 2.73 1.89 2.20 3.90 1.71 Average5 Tuber Weight 4.45 2.92 3.50 3.57 3.40 3.52 2.78 4.43 2.05 2.17 4.60 2.42 Table of Contents67 Table 8.Variety Information for 2017 MSU Tablestock Potato Variety Trials Entry Russet Variety Descriptions Pedigree 2017 Scab Rating* Caribou Russet (AF3362-1Rus) Reeves Kingpin X Silverton Russet GoldRush Russet (ND1538-1Rus) Payette Russet (A02507-2LB) Russet Norkotah (ND534-4Rus) ND450-3Rus X Lemhi Russet EGA09702-2 X GemStar Russet ND9526-4Rus X ND9687-5Rus Reveille Russet (ATX91137-1Rus) Bannock Russet X A83343-12 Silverton Russet (AC83064-6) A76147-2 X A7875-5 A06021-1TRUS A06030-23RUS A07061-6RUS A08433-4VRRUS A99031-1TE X A96013-2 Premier Russet X A99133-6 Clearwater Russet X Targhee Russet Dakota Trailblazer X A01667-3 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.3 0.7 Characteristics Long russet with excellent yield, processing potential and good appearance, common scab tolerance, early bulking potential, medium russet skin, tolerant to Sencor & Linuron, some internal browning from heat stress observed in 2015, PVY susceptible, below average tuber set Medium maturity, oblong-blocky to long tubers, bright white flesh, common scab resistance, average yield potential High yield potential, high specific gravity, late blight and PVY resistance, late maturing Average yield, mid-season maturity, long to oblong tubers, heavy russet skin, low specific gravity Excellent yield potential, common scab tolerant, early bulking, nice uniform dark russeted skin with good general tuber appearance, occasional misshaped tubers observed High yield, oblong to long blocky tuber type, medium netted russet skin, masks PVY, medium specific gravity, PVY, Sencor & Linuron susceptibility Medium yield potential, prominent lenticels, common scab tolerance, nice blocky tuber type, light to medium russet skin Average to high yield potential, resistance to common scab, early to medium vine maturity High yield potential, resistant to internal defects and common scab High yield potential, larger tuber size profile, resistance to common scab Table of Contents68 (2017 Russet Varieties cont.) Entry Pedigree 2017 Scab Rating* AF5091-8RUS AF4116-9 X AF4185-1 AF5179-4RUS AF5312-1RUS AF5468-5RUS CO05175-1RUS CW08221-5RUS ND050032-4RUS TX08352-5RUS W10594-16RUS W10612-8RUS W9433-1RUS W9742-3RUS A01601-4 X Highland Russet A86102-6 X CO82142-4 NY132 X Liberator Mesa Russet X AC96052-1RU CO98067-7RUS X A99073-1RUS Dakota Russet X Dakota Trailblazer TXA549-1Ru X AOTX98137-1Ru Premier Russet X Freedom Russet W6360-1RUS X Russet Norkotah CalWhite X A96023-6RUS A99134-1 X Dakota Trailblazer 0.3 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 Characteristics A mid-season russet with better marketable yields than Russet Burbank in Maine trials, long to oblong tubers that tend to be large, resistance to blackspot bruise A medium-late maturing russet with better marketable yields than Russet Burbank in Maine trials, long to oblong tubers that tend to be large, resistance to verticillium wilt Average yield potential, resistant to internal defects, attractive tuber type, darker skin Average yield potential, resistance to common scab High yield potential, medium specific gravity, long tubers, medium vine maturity, resistant to blackspot bruise, processing potential Early vine maturity, heavy skin russeting High yield potential, large size profile, medium maturity, light russeted skin with blocky tuber shape Nice slightly blocky shape, larger size profile, medium vine vigor and maturity, semi-erect vines High specific gravity, resistance to internal defects, medium vine maturity High yield potential, resistance to internal defects and common scab Light russet skin type, high yield potential, tolerance to verticillium wilt and early blight, medium-late maturity, oblong to blocky tubers Medium-late maturity, high specific gravity, pear shaped tubers Table of Contents69 (2017 Russet Varieties cont.) Entry WAF10073-3RUS Pedigree Freedom Russet X Alpine Russet WND8625-2RUS W2699-1RUS X Silverton Russet 2017 Scab Rating* 0.5 0.7 Characteristics Resistance to internal defects, medium vine maturity Medium maturity, average yield potential, dual-purpose tubers, high specific gravity, good storability with low sugar accumulation Yellow Flesh Variety Descriptions Entry Alegria Pedigree Norika America, LLC Allora Norika America, LLC Annabelle Butterfly Elfe Jelly Juliette Nicola X Monalisa VDW 90-50 X RZD 88-1036 Sun Rain Sun Rain Nicola X Hansa 2017 Scab Rating* 0.7 1.4 1.5 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.0 Characteristics High yield potential, long-oval tuber shape, resistant to Ro1 Ro4 cyst nematodes, PVY, and leaf roll High yield potential, oval-oblong tuber shape, light to medium yellow flesh, early to medium maturity, resistant to Ro1 cyst nematodes, PVY, and leaf roll Early maturity, long oval tubers, bright yellow skin with creamy yellow flesh, short dormancy Dark yellow flesh, good internal quality, 60% B size tubers in 2017, some sticky stolons High yield potential, smooth light yellow skin with medium yellow flesh, early season maturity, resistant to common scab, blackleg, and Rhizoctonia High yield potential, oblong tubers, medium yellow flesh, medium to late maturity, resistant to common scab, PVY, Rhizoctonia, blackleg, and late blight B sized potato, very high specific gravity, full season maturity, acceptable internal quality Table of Contents70 (2017 Yellow Flesh Varieties cont.) Entry Julinka Lady Alba Malou Lady Anna Pedigree Sun Rain - Oasis X INRA94T146.43 CMK1993-042-005 X Fontane Montreal Solanum International Musica Meijer Seed Potato Ltd. Oneida Gold (W6703-1Y) Satina X W2275-2Y 2017 Scab Rating* 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.5 1.4 0.6 0.8 Queen Anne Solanum International 0.6 Smart HZPC 1.0 Soraya Norika America, LLC 0.6 Viviana Sun Rain 1.7 Characteristics High yield potential, yellow skin with bright yellow flesh, oval tuber shape, early season maturity, resistant to common scab Smaller tuber size profile, early vine maturity, common scab resistance Oval shape, medium yellow flesh, small size profile Light yellow skin with yellow flesh, oblong shape, uniform, medium maturity, resistant to bruising and common scab, ideal for french fries Round to oval in shape, light yellow skin with light yellow flesh, shallow eyes, large tuber size, high yield potential, resistance to tuber blight, medium Deep yellow flesh with light yellow skin, mid-early maturity, resistance to PVY and several potato cyst nematodes Good yield, medium maturity, slightly better shape than W6703-5Y, common scab tolerant, medium yellow flesh, buff to slightly netted skin type Oval to oblong shape, yellow flesh, yellow skin, shallow eyes, medium to high scab resistance, PVY resistance and resistance to Ro1 and Ro4 nematodes Early to medium variety, deep yellow, high number of tubers per plant, round to oval shape, deep yellow skin and flesh, resistant to Potato Cyst Nematodes, medium resistance to common scab High yield potential, late maturity, large oval-oblong tubers with yellow skin and yellow flesh, low specific gravity, resistant to common and powdery scab High yield potential, smooth yellow skin with light yellow flesh, oval tuber shape, early season maturity, tolerant to common scab, black leg, and late blight Table of Contents71 (2017 Yellow Flesh Varieties cont.) Entry Pedigree Wega Norika America, LLC Wendy Norika America, LLC Yukon Gold Norgleam X W5279-4 CMK 2005-010-027 Meijer Seed Potato Ltd. 2017 Scab Rating* 0.6 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.5 Characteristics High yield potential, medium yellow flesh, oval-oblong tuber shape, resistant to PVY and Ro1 Cyst nematodes Yellow skin and flesh, oval shape, resistant to Ro1 and Ro4 nematodes, resistant to common scab, moderate resistance to leaf and tuber blight Moderate yields, medium maturity, oval shaped with yellow-white skin and light yellow flesh, common scab susceptible B sized tuber profile, early vine maturity Early season variety, light yellow flesh, high yield potential Mid to late season, slightly-textured skin and pink eyes, oval shape, medium yellow flesh, resistance to Ro1 cyst nematode, moderate common scab resistance Yellow flesh, high yield potential, acceptable internal quality, purple splashes on eyes Medium vine maturity, common scab resistance Medium maturity, high yield potential, buff skin type, nice yellow flesh color Meijer Seed Potato Ltd. Yukon Gold X Keuka Gold Daisy Gold X C24-1 W9979-2YR/Y X Gala Dakota Pearl X Gala CMK 2006-070-005 NY149 NY161 W10564-19Y W9576-11Y Entry Cerata Red Skin Variety Descriptions Pedigree 2017 Scab Rating* Stet Holland 0.8 Characteristics Medium to late maturity, oval shaped tubers, white flesh and dark red skin, adapted to all soil types, suitable for storage, resistant to potato cyst nematodes Ro1, moderate resistance to common scab Table of Contents72 (2017 Red Skin Varieties Cont.) Entry Pedigree 6049 - Dakota Ruby Dark Red Chieftain Dark Red Norland ND7188-4R X ND5256-7R LA1354 X LA1027-18 Redkote X ND626 Lollipop Solanum International Modoc Red Endeavor AF4831-2R MSW343-2R MSX569-1R ND6002-1R ND7132-1R ND1196-2R X ND2225-1R B1491-5 X W1100R ND028946B X ND8555-8R MSQ440-2 X NDTX4172-5R MSS002-2R X MSS544-1R NorDonna X Bison ND5002-3R X ND5438-1R 2017 Scab Rating* 0.0 1.3 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.3 1.4 1.2 0.3 1.3 1.6 1.6 Characteristics Good internal quality, common scab resistance, early vine maturity, some alligator hide Uniform round, smooth tubers with white flesh, vigorous vine, nice dark red skin, some possible issues with skin set Broadly adapted, high yield potential, medium maturity, oblong to round tubers, moderate resistance to common scab Broadly adapted, low to moderate yields, early season maturity, smooth, oblong, slightly flattened tubers, common scab tolerant Small round tubers, with shallow eyes, medium resistance to PVY, foliage blight, tuber blight, average yield Average yield potential, smaller size profile, early maturity, round to oval tubers, susceptible to late blight Uniform round tubers with shallow eyes, skin color similar to Dark Red Norland, skin set comparable to Red LaSoda A mid-season, bright red-skinned, white- fleshed variety with oblong tubers and small size profile, moderate common scab and verticillium resistance Early bulking red skin potato with some scab tolerance Good internal quality, small vine type, very early maturity Uniform tubers, bright red skin, good yield potential, medium vine maturity, average specific gravity, common scab susceptible Medium maturity and yield potential, bright red skin with white flesh, oval to oblong shape, common scab susceptible Table of Contents73 (2017 Red Skin Varieties cont.) Entry W8405-1R W8890-1R Pedigree Kankan X W2303-9R W2169-1R X Dakota Rose 2017 Scab Rating* 1.0 0.9 Characteristics Oval tuber type Fresh market, dark red skin color and smaller size profile Round White Variety Descriptions Entry Pedigree Onaway USDAX96-56 X Katahdin Reba (NY 87) Monona X Allegany AF4138-8 MSU161-1 MSU383-A MSV179-1 MSX497-6 MSY111-1 NY157 SA9707-6 X AF1953-4 MSM182-1 X MSL211-3 MSP292-7 X MSG227-2 Liberator X MSL211-3 MSQ131-A X MSL268-D MSQ086-3 X McBride White Pearl X NY 115 2017 Scab Rating* 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.5 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.8 Characteristics Early maturity, low specific gravity, used primarily out-of-the field for fresh market, minimal internal defects, not recommended for storage High yield, bright tuber appearance, low incidence of internal defects, mid to late season maturity, medium specific gravity, resistance to golden nematode Ro1, common scab, verticillium wilt, and early blight, susceptible to late blight and PVY High yield potential, low incidence of HH and external defects, early to mid-season maturity, moderate scab resistance, blackspot resistance, small size profile Above average yield potential, medium vine maturity, round, uniform tubers with netted skin, resistance to common scab Average/high yield potential, common scab resistant, average specific gravity Average yield, round white potato with bright skin, scab resistance Bright skin appearance, uniform round tuber type High yield potential, good internal quality, common scab resistance High yield potential, low internal defects, medium specific gravity, moderate common scab resistance, chipping potential Table of Contents74 Novelty Variety Descriptions Entry Pedigree AmaRosa PA97B23-2 X Red Bulk Pollen AF5245-1P AF5414-1RR CO08155-2RU/Y MSX324-1P Michigan Purple X Villeta Rose BC001044-2 X Dakota Jewel Fortress Russet X Innovator MSN105-1 X Colonial Purple MSZ109-5RR COMN07-W11BG1 X MSU200-5PP NY161 Daisy Gold X C2401 2017 Scab Rating* 1.5 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.9 Characteristics Red skin and red flesh, mid-season maturity, “russet-shaped” tubers, resistant to common scab and late blight, retains color after cooking and chipping High yield potential, acceptable internal quality, Common Scab resistance, early maturity Some purple flesh, high proportion of A sized tubers, medium vine maturity Yellow or cream-colored flesh, pink eyes, good internal quality. Attractive purple skin with white flesh, some scab tolerance Very small tubers, 100% B size in 2017, good internal quality, very early vine maturity Yellow flesh, purple splashed eyes, full season variety * Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program. Line descriptions provided by potato breeding programs and updated by Potato Outreach Program following evaluations at trial locations throughout Michigan. Table of Contents75 Table 9. 2017 Michigan Statewide Russet Potato Variety Trials Overall Averages - Twelve Locations CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL1 RAW TUBER QUALITY3 (%) LINE US#1 TOTAL US#1 W9433-1RUSg Caribou Russetdel A08433-4VRRUScij A07061-6RUSbfgijk Silverton Russetbcfghijkl Russet Norkotahbcefgikhjl COTX09022-3RURE/Ybfgl AF5179-4RUSbcfgijkl W10612-8RUSj A06021-1TRUSbfgijk ND50032-4RUSbcfghijkl Reveille Russetbcdefgjkhl W10594-16RUSij WND8625-2RUSbcfghjkl AF5091-8RUScij AF5312-1RUSbcdfgjkl W9742-3RUSbcdfghijkl AF5468-5RUScjl TX08352-5RUSbcdfghijkl GoldRushcefl Payette Russetbcdefghijkl WAF10073-3RUSbcdfgjk CW08221-5RUSabcfghjkl A06030-23RUSbfgijk CO05175-1RUSf MEAN 678 558 557 513 500 487 483 468 449 445 444 435 432 427 413 413 411 407 401 365 340 338 324 316 288 442 878 602 663 670 579 590 593 583 543 530 549 535 579 502 557 547 483 508 496 462 450 503 436 435 383 553 77 93 83 76 86 82 81 81 83 84 81 80 75 85 75 74 85 79 80 79 76 66 69 70 72 79 Bs 2 5 10 17 9 11 13 6 8 10 8 10 16 10 9 19 6 15 15 15 10 21 22 18 18 12 As 24 68 59 68 66 60 73 53 72 62 56 58 67 63 53 65 60 64 68 72 60 55 60 54 72 61 OV PO SP GR2 HH VD IBS BC 53 24 24 8 20 22 8 28 11 21 25 22 8 22 22 9 25 15 12 7 14 11 9 16 0 18 21 2 6 7 5 7 7 13 9 6 11 10 9 6 16 7 9 6 5 6 16 13 9 12 10 9 1.088 1.078 1.080 1.080 1.071 1.078 1.084 1.089 1.079 1.076 1.082 1.071 1.081 1.075 1.071 1.071 1.093 1.071 1.064 1.076 1.086 1.070 1.061 1.081 1.080 1.077 20 3 0 0 1 18 5 0 0 7 13 1 0 22 0 1 3 3 7 3 5 0 11 13 30 6 0 40 27 3 6 7 8 9 0 5 17 13 0 5 13 3 5 13 5 25 8 0 6 7 30 9 60 3 0 0 1 2 5 4 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 0 4 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 COMMON SCAB RATING4 0.5 0.3 0.7 1.3 0.4 0.5 1.4 2.0 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.6 2017 Russet Variety Trial Sites a4-L Farms, Allegan County bCrawford Farms, Montcalm County cElmaple Farms, Kalkaska County dHorkey Brothers, Monroe County eJenkins Farms, Kalkaska County fKitchen Farms, Antrim County gLennard Ag. Company, St. Joseph County, MI hTJJ Farms, Delta County iWalther Farms NFPT Trial Selected Varieties, St. Joseph County jWalther Farms Russet Norkotah Trial, St. Joseph County kWalther Farms Silverton Russet Trial, St. Joseph County lWilk's Farms, Presque Isle County, 1SIZE Russets Bs: < 4 oz As: 4 - 10 oz OV: > 10 oz PO: Pickouts 5VINE VIGOR RATING Date: variable Rating 1-5 1: Slow emergence 5: Early emergence 2SPECIFIC GRAVITY Data not replicated 3RAW TUBER QUALITY (percent of tubers out of 10) HH: Hollow Heart VD: Vascular Discoloration IBS: Internal Brown Spot BC: Brown Center 6VINE MATURITY RATING Date: variable Rating 1-5 1: Early (vines completely dead) 5: Late (vigorous vines, some flowering) VINE VIGOR5 VINE MATURITY6 COMMENTS 2.5 4.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.1 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.6 2.9 2.4 3.6 1.5 2.6 2.7 2.1 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.3 4.3 3.9 3.6 2.6 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.6 3.3 2.7 2.8 3.2 3.7 2.7 2.5 3.7 3.0 3.1 2.8 4.5 3.2 medium russeted skin type pink eye splashes tubular shape alligator hide, some net skin, skin not uniform, growth cracks uniform russeted skin, growth crack in pickouts growth crack in pickouts good shape, nice dark russet skin, heat knobs some alligator hide, light russet skin type, growth cracks uniform dark russeted skin type, some greening some alligator hide, type not uniform, dark russeted skin some alligator hide, poor tuber shape heavy russeted skin alligator hide, severe growth crack in pickouts, pointed 4COMMON SCAB RATING 0.0: Complete absence of surface or pitted lesions 1.0: Presence of surface lesions 2.0: Pitted lesions on tubers, though coverage is low 3.0: Pitted lesions common on tubers 4.0: Pitted lesions severe on tubers 5.0: More than 50% of tuber surface area covered in pitted lesions Table of Contents76 Table 10. 2017 Michigan Statewide Tablestock Potato Variety Trials Overall Averages - Nine Locations CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL1 RAW TUBER QUALITY3 (%) LINE US#1 TOTAL US#1 YELLOW SKIN TYPE Sorayaabcdefg Jellybcdefghi Musicabcdefghi Maloubcdeghi NY161beghi Alegriabcdefghi Yukon Goldbdefghi Elfebcdefghi Montrealbcdefghi Oneida Goldabei Vivianabceghi Allorabcdefghi Wendybdeghi NY149fbceghi W9576-11Ybcdefi Julinkabcegh Wegaabcdefghi Queen Annebcdefghi Lady Albah CMK 2006-070-005gh Smarta W10564-19Ye Butterflya Lady Annagh Annabellea CMK 2005-010-027gh Juliettea MEAN RED SKIN TYPE Ceratabcdefghi W8405-1Rbefghi ND7132-1Rbcefgi Red Endevorbfghi MSW343-2Rbei Dark Red Chieftaincdefghi Dakota Rubyabcdefghi AF4831-2Rabcdefgi W8890-1Rabcefgi Dark Red Norlandbefghi Fenwaya ND6002-1Rbcefghi Modocdegi MSX569-1Rbc 6049a Lollipopbcdefghi MEAN 494 468 455 449 446 427 406 380 379 377 369 368 367 360 355 349 333 322 247 244 154 151 110 103 76 68 1 318 535 442 439 415 406 388 374 370 345 344 330 313 298 295 275 97 354 600 546 623 581 563 495 466 492 473 437 509 442 577 441 452 512 529 463 479 386 306 636 278 296 256 303 217 467 622 547 516 514 477 424 477 491 419 414 416 343 391 350 328 232 435 81 82 71 76 76 85 85 76 80 79 71 81 61 80 78 65 61 68 52 63 50 24 39 34 30 26 0 64 85 72 84 79 85 91 76 72 80 83 79 91 61 85 84 43 78 Bs 11 13 24 22 21 11 8 17 15 13 25 13 36 15 20 28 34 27 46 32 49 11 61 63 69 74 98 29 13 23 9 19 10 7 19 25 17 12 21 6 31 10 16 55 18 As 78 81 70 73 74 74 76 74 73 81 70 78 61 78 77 66 59 65 52 61 50 22 39 34 30 26 0 62 83 66 73 72 78 79 77 72 78 80 79 77 63 83 84 43 74 OV PO SP GR2 HH VD IBS 3 3 1 2 2 10 9 2 6 5 1 4 1 4 2 1 2 4 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 7 11 7 8 11 1 0 3 3 0 14 2 2 0 0 4 8 3 5 3 3 5 7 7 6 1 4 5 2 4 2 5 6 5 2 5 1 0 0 4 1 1 2 4 2 5 7 2 5 2 4 3 2 4 0 3 4 6 0 2 3 1.060 1.078 1.068 1.063 1.074 1.078 1.080 1.067 1.071 1.070 1.062 1.069 1.063 1.075 1.058 1.065 1.063 1.060 1.078 1.058 1.059 1.069 1.057 1.076 1.054 1.063 1.101 1.067 1.073 1.064 1.062 1.063 1.054 1.066 1.069 1.065 1.066 1.063 1.059 1.067 1.059 1.056 1.053 1.071 1.063 0 3 1 0 4 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 6 2 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 8 27 6 21 7 19 7 16 23 15 7 12 5 16 17 24 18 14 0 17 0 40 0 10 0 22 20 13 10 11 14 11 7 14 9 6 35 5 0 13 8 5 0 0 9 0 0 9 1 2 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 2 0 8 4 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 BC 1 0 0 0 0 6 1 1 5 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 COMMON SCAB RATING4 0.6 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.5 0.7 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.6 1.4 0.3 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.5 1.6 0.3 1.3 0.5 1.0 0.9 VINE VIGOR5 VINE MATURITY6 COMMENTS 3.6 3.5 3.8 4.1 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.8 4.2 3.4 3.9 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.3 2.8 5.0 4.5 3.5 4.0 3.0 5.0 2.5 4.5 2.0 3.7 4.1 3.4 3.6 3.7 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.1 4.0 4.0 1.6 3.5 1.0 3.5 2.4 3.2 good tubertype oval to oblong tuber shape trace heat sprouts bright skin color eyes splashed purple oblong tuber type, pink eyes, greening pink eyes heat sprouts inconsistent flesh color pink eyes, sticky stolons some alligator hide, netted skin some glassy ends bright waxy appearance some sticky stolons oblong tuber type slight heat sprouts oval tuber type slight skinning, sticky stolons sticky stolons sheep nose, deep eyes sticky stolons uniform skin type, some skinning Rhizoctonia, some skinning uniform tuber type slight skinning alligator hide, poor tuber appearance 3.6 4.1 3.1 3.0 3.5 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.8 3.7 2.4 2.5 3.6 3.2 2.2 2.8 3.4 2.9 2.5 2.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 2.5 4.0 2.0 4.5 3.1 3.8 3.0 3.1 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.8 3.1 2.4 3.0 3.0 2.5 1.5 4.5 2.3 2.9 Table of Contents77 ROUND WHITE TYPE MSY111-1cefi Rebabdefi MSU383-Ae AF4138-8bcei MSV179-1bcei NY157cefi MSU161-1be Onawayc MSX497-6bcei NOVELTY TYPE NY161begh AF5414-1RRbe CO8155-2RUS/Ybcehi AF5245-1Pbdehi MSX324-1Pbcefi Amarosaab MSZ109-5RRa MEAN MEAN 543 474 421 411 392 343 310 287 252 381 446 387 321 308 303 68 0 262 TRIAL MEAN 331 2017 Tablestock Variety Trial Sites a4-L Farms, Allegan County bCrawford Farms, Montcalm County cHorkey Brothers, Monroe County dJenkins Farms, Kalkaska County eKitchen Farms, Antrim County fTJJ Farms, Delta County gWalther Farms, Tuscola County hWalther Farms, St. Joseph County iWilk Farms, Presque Isle County 593 505 442 522 409 400 360 360 274 430 563 492 461 400 385 322 124 392 443 90 93 95 78 95 85 86 80 92 89 76 79 68 72 79 13 0 55 71 5 3 4 20 2 13 11 12 5 8 21 13 24 25 17 84 100 40 24 73 78 71 77 72 80 86 77 86 78 74 78 68 64 71 13 0 52 67 1SIZE Non-russet tablestock Bs: 1 1/2" - 1 7/8" As: 1 7/8" - 3 1/4" OV: > 3 1/4" PO: Pickouts 5VINE VIGOR RATING Date: variable Rating 1-5 1: Slow emergence 5: Early emergence 8 0 0 13 3 13 10 10 3 6 7 0 2 26 0 0 0 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.8 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.5 0.0 0.7 0.9 3.8 3.1 2.5 3.1 2.4 3.1 2.5 3.5 2.4 2.9 3.3 2.3 3.7 3.8 3.3 0.5 0.0 2.4 3.3 4.3 3.3 2.5 2.8 3.7 3.4 4.5 2.0 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.0 1.0 2.5 3.0 netted skin, large round tuber type bright skin appearance slight alligator hide large round tuber type deep apical eyes bright skin appearance, uniform round tuber type eyes splashed purple some purple flesh cream colored flesh some pink flesh very small tuber size, sticky stolons 3RAW TUBER QUALITY (percent of tubers out of 10) HH: Hollow Heart VD: Vascular Discoloration IBS: Internal Brown Spot BC: Brown Center 4COMMON SCAB RATING 0.0: Complete absence of surface or pitted lesions 1.0: Presence of surface lesions 2.0: Pitted lesions on tubers, though coverage is low 3.0: Pitted lesions common on tubers 4.0: Pitted lesions severe on tubers 5.0: More than 50% of tuber surface area covered in pitted lesions 17 15 24 1 23 5 0 3 6 11 2 1 0 8 8 0 0 3 4 5 4 1 2 2 2 3 8 3 3 3 9 8 3 5 3 0 4 3 1.071 1.072 1.061 1.063 1.066 1.081 1.070 1.064 1.065 1.068 1.074 1.077 1.075 1.073 1.079 1.067 1.056 1.071 1.067 2SPECIFIC GRAVITY Data not replicated 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 1 1 1 1 6VINE MATURITY RATING Date: variable Rating 1-5 1: Early (vines completely dead) 5: Late (vigorous vines, some flowering) Table of Contents78 On‐Farm Soil Health Research: With Special Reference to Bio‐Based Systems Michigan State University Scientist Potato Soil Health Team: George Bird (Soil Health Biology/Nematology)1, Noah Rosenzweig (Soil Microbiology)2, Bruno Basso, (Remote Monitoring and Crop Modelling)3, Roy Black (Econometrics)4, Rich Price (Remote Sensing)3 Lisa Tiemann (Soil Biology)2, Chris Long (Potato Specialist)2. 1Dept. of Entomology, 2Dept. Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, 3Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences 4Dept. of Agricultural Food, and Resource Economics. Project Cooperators: Alan and Brian Sackett, Sackett Potatoes; Mart Otto and Casey Chase, Agri-Business Consultants; R.J. Rant, Soil Health Consulting, Nitri-Link Biosystems; Brad Morgan, Morgan Compost. Improving soil quality and health in potato production is a key element of the Michigan Potato Industry Commission (MPIC) research agenda. On‐Farm Soil Health Research: With Special Reference to Bio‐Based Systems was initiated in 2014 to develop, validate and demonstrate a bio- based commercial‐scale Challenger potato production system designed to enhance and maintain soil health in an economically profitable and environmentally sound manner, compared with a conventional Defender potato/seed corn production system. This report is designed to present some of the 2017 data associated with the impacts of the 2013-2017 Defender and Challenger potato yield, tuber quality and soil health indicators: including microbial, remote sensing and econometric analyses. In 2012, MPIC published a White Paper recommending soil health as a major research, development and education imperative. The Commission sponsored a 96 site Michigan potato soil health survey. The results confirmed the concerns presented in the White Paper, indicating a distinct need for improvement of the soil health associated with Michigan agriculture. In 2013, this five-year (2013-2017) on-farm, field-scale bio-based potato production trial was initiated at Sackett Potatoes in Mecosta County. The research site design consists of two fields, the Defender (SP-26N), a conventional two-year potato-seed corn rotation system and a 54 acre Challenger (SP-42), a two-year potato bio-based system including cover crops, manure and compost. SP-26N (north) and SP-42 were selected because of similar cropping histories and soil characteristics. A soil health monitoring system of 32 geo-position points sites (12 in SP26N and 20 in SP42) was established in 2014 (Fig. 1a-b). SP42 was further divided into two Challenger systems, designated as SP42E (east) and SP42W (west). In 2015, water stable aggregates were similar in SP-26N and SP-42. 2015 enzymes associated with cellulose, chitin, protein decomposition and P mineralization were higher in SP- 42 than in SP-26N. 2015 soil respiration was higher in SP-26N at the beginning of the growing season, compared to SP-42. The reverse was true at the end of the 2015 growing season. At the end of the 2016 growing season, the mean Cornell University soil health indicator score for the Challenger was 73; whereas, the mean indicator score for the Defender was only 43. The soil health indicator scores included: soil organic matter, ACE (autoclaved citrate extractable protein) soil protein index, soil respiration and active carbon. Both fields were planted to potato in 2017. It was decided at a meeting at Sackett Potatoes on November 23, 2016, that 2017 will Table of Contents79 be the final year for the project as currently designed. It was also recommended that the project be redesigned for 2018 and beyond based on: 1) A two-year cash crop system integrated with the appropriate soil health building technologies essential for a bio-based system of potato production and 2) A true transdisciplinary formal Michigan potato industry soil health initiative with the dynamic leadership necessary for long-term soil health remediation. Figure 1. GPS sampling points for SP42 (A) and SP26N (B). A B Methodology Sackett Potatoes (Mecosta County, Michigan) Field SP-42, the Challenger and Field SP-26N, the Defender were planted to potato and managed throughout the growing season using 2017 Sackett Potato commercial production practices. Multi-spectral remote sensing was done using Air-Scout flyovers for nine dates during the growing season: with special reference to the 32 permanent geo-positioning reference points and vegetative indices/thermal-stability. Nematode community structure was assessed at mid-season. Hand-dug tuber yields and quality assessments were determined for each of the 32 GPS points. Soil samples from each of the 32 sites were collected and partitioned for soil microbial analysis at Michigan State University and twelve soil health indicators at the Cornell University Soil Health Laboratory. Preliminary econometrics were conducted using the 2017 tuber yield data. associated with the 2015 and 2017 potato crops in SP-42 are being be compared to the 2014-2017 cash crop revenues from SP-26N. The 2018 microbial analyses for each of the 32 GPS sites is still being processed. The 2016 data are included in this report. The current plan is to have a detailed final report completed by May 1, 2018. Results The results section is divided into summaries of tuber yield, Cornell soil health indicators, vegetative indices/thermal-stability, nematode community structure, microbial analyses and econometrics. Table of Contents80 Tuber Yield.- Mean marketable tuber yields ranged from 300 to 462 cwt/acre, with the highest yield associated with the SP42E-4 cover crop challenger (Table 1.) Table 1. 2017 Potato tuber yields associated with the Defender and two Challenger systems. Tuber Yields Marketable (cwt/acre) P = <0.001 A’s (lbs/10 row feet) J’s (lbs/10 row feet) B’s (lbs/10 row feet) Total (cwt/acre) SP26N-01 (Defender) SP42W-7 (Challenger) SP42E-4 (Challenger) 422 25.15 2.25 5.75 510 300 19.15 0.30 7.50 415 462 32.35 0.90 5.30 594 12015 cover crop: SP26N-0, annual rye and 2014 soil fumigation (metam, 40 gpa). SP42E-4, black oats (62 lbs/A), pearl millett (10 lbs/A), oil seed radish (6 lbs/A), cow pea (22 lbs/A) for a cost of $113.50/A. SP42W-7, black oats (49lbs/A), pearl millett (5 lbs.A), oil seed radish, (5 lbs/A), cow pea (20 lbs/A), buckwheat (8 lbs/A), sun hemp (6 lbs/A), and annual rye (10 lbs/A) for a cost of $126/A, Soil Health Indicators (Cornell University System). 2017 data for soil aggregate stability, ACE soil protein, active carbon and the entire Cornell University suite of 12 soil health indicators are recorded in Table 2. The Defender had the lowest soil health indicator scores for all four the soil health categories individually reported in this document. SP42E-4 had the highest soil health indicator scores for all four the indicators. Aggregate stability was >25% more in SP42, compared to SP26-0. As anticipated, there was a positive relationship between soil organic matter and active carbon, with distinct clustering based on the site/treatment (Fig. 2). Distinct patterns for the relationship between marketable yield-active carbon and soil organic matter and aggregate stability were observed among the Challengers and Defender including two interesting outliers (Figs. 3-4) Table 2. 2017 Soil health indicators associated with the Defender and & Challenger systems. SP42E-4 SP26-0 Soil Health Indicators (Defender) SP42W-7 (Challenger) (Challenger) Aggregate Stability (%) ACE Soil Protein (index value) Active Carbon (ppm) Soil Organic Matter (%) Cornell Soil Health Score (0-100)* 39.8 3.44 203.8 0.89 60.6 *A score of 80 is believed to be needed for a healthy soil. 66.0 4.54 213 1.22 61.3 69.4 4.93 313.7 1.37 65.3 Table of Contents81 Figure 2. Relationship between active carbon (ppm) and soil organic matter (%). Active Carbon vs Organic Matter Figure 3. Relationship between active carbon and marketable yield. 500 400 300 n o b r a C e v i t c A 200 0.500 1.000 1.500 Organic Matter (%) 2.000 2.500 Active Carbon (defender) Active Carbon (4 mix) Active Carbon (7 mix) ) t w c ( l i d e Y e b a l t e k r a M Yield vs Active Carbon 700 600 500 400 300 200 150 200 250 300 350 Active Carbon 400 450 500 Marketable Yield (Defender) Marketable Yield (7 mix) Marketable Yield (7 mix) Figure 4. Relationship between soil organic matter and soil aggregate stability. Aggregate Stability vs Organic Matter 80 70 60 50 40 30 y t i l i b a t S e t a g e r g g A 0.500 1.000 1.500 Organic Matter (%) 2.000 2.500 Aggregate Stability (Defender) Aggregate Stability (4 mix) Aggregate Stability (7 mix) Table of Contents82 Vegetative Indices and Thermo Stability.- The 2016 vegetative index map exhibited distinct differences between SP42W-7 and SP42E-4 that were highly correlated with 2017 tuber yield (Fig. 4). The same was true, for the 2017 thermal stability maps. Used in this manner, thermal stability is a new soil health indicator that appears to have outstanding potential to integrate a large number of parameters over a complete growing season into a single image (Figs 5-6). Figure 4. 2016 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enhanced spectral reflectance of SP42 west (left) and SP42 east (right). Figure 5. Aerial photograph of SP26 on July 17, 2017 (A) and the associated 2017 Thermal Stability Map (B). Table of Contents83 Figure 6. Aerial photograph of SP42 on July 17, 2017 (A) and the associated 2017 Thermal Stability Map for SP42W-7 and SP42E-4 (B). Nematode Community Structure.- Mid-season population densities of Pratylenchus penetrans (Penetrans root-lesion nematode) and bacterivores were highest in the Defender and low in SP42W-7 and SP42E-4 (Table 3). The population density of Dorylaimoidea spp. were highest in SP42W-7, compared to the other two sites. No significant differences were detected in fungivores or carnivores among the three management systems. Table 3. Mid-season population densities of four nematode groups associated with three potato management systems. Nematode Group (mid-season) Pratylenchus penetrans Dorylaimoidea spp. Bacterivores Fungivores Carnivores SP26-0 (Defender) SP42W-7 (Challenger) SP42E-4 (Challenger) 115 124 259 20 0.2 7 2,569 18 7 0 13 163 18 8 0.9 Statistic P = 0.004 P = 0.001 P = < 0.001 P = 0.260 P = 0.589 Microbial Analysis.- In 2016, the total number of DNA sequences identified to phyla, class, order, family and genus was 28, 81, 140, 300 and 814 respectively. The results provided baseline information on the bacterial ecology across potato production fields related to soil physical properties, soil disease severity and total yield. Based on numbers of DNA sequences the relative abundance of bacterial taxa was determined for each sample (Figs. 5 and 6). DNA sequence assignment was dominated by 9 of the 21 bacterial phyla recovered, comprising nearly 96% of the total bacterial community assemblage. These phyla were present in every soil sample from the potato production field, and consisted of major known beneficial bacterial groups including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes with unclassified bacteria representing >20% of the total bacterial phyla (Fig. 7 A.-B.) Table of Contents84 B A Figure 7. DNA-based bacterial taxa associated with SP42 (A.) and SPW26 (B). Econometrics.- The yield increase required to generate a net return per acre over a two-year rotation can be approached using the partial budgeting approach. The approach focusing on changes, not one complete enterprise budgets. The challengers system must cover the net added costs and the income foregone from not having a rotation crop. The analysis focuses on the 7-mix treatment since it generated a substantial increase in yields. The estimate of the 7-Mix treatment yield increase is in the range from an increase of 84 cwt if all sample points are used to 66 cwt when the observation with the outlier organic matter is excluded. Additional statistical methods were also used account for sample properties. The economic analysis of the two year earnings must consider the net increase in costs including the cost of the seed for the cover crop mix and the cost of application. The elimination in soil fumigation is a cost reduction. Moreover, the loss in net earnings from the rotation crop must be accounted for. Figure xx describes the yield increase required to generate two-year rotation net earnings for $6/cwt and $8/cwt net prices and net income forgone for dropping the rotation crop from $300 to $700 / acre. The net price reflects the gross price less the added harvest, storage, and hauling costs. The cost/acre used in the analysis were $126 for seed, $6 for application, and $271 for fumigation. Thus, the reduction in cost from fumigation exceeds the added seed and application costs. Table of Contents85 Figure 8. Potato tuber yield increase required to offset income foregone from only having one cash crop in the two-year rotation. Key Soil Health References • Basso, B. et al., 2011. Procedures for Initializing Soil Organic Carbon Pools in the DSSAT-Century Model for Agricultural Systems. J. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 75:69-78 • Gugino, B. et al. 2009. Cornell Soil Health Assessment Manual (2nd ed). • Haney, R. 2013. Soil Testing for Soil Health. www.usda.gov/oce/ forum/past_speeches/2013_Speeches/Haney • Lehman et al. 2015. Understanding and Enhancing Soil Biological Health; The Solution for Reversing Soil Degradation. Sustainability 7:988-1027. • Magdoff, F. and van Es, H. 2010 Building Soils for Better Crops (3rd ed). • Snapp, S., Bird, G. et al., 2016. Managing Soil Health for Root and Tuber Crops. MSU EXT Bull. E-3343 Table of Contents86 Improving Productivity and Sustainability in Potato Production Systems by Increasing Cropping System Diversity Investigators: Chris Long*, Potato Specialist; Lisa Tiemann, Soil Microbiology; Noah Rosenzweig, Plant Pathology; Erin Hill, Cover Crop Specialist; Marisol Quintanilla**, Applied Nematologist; Monica Jean***, Field Crops Extension Educator *Dept. of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, MI 48824; longch@msu.edu; 517/353-0277 ** Dept. of Entomology, Michigan State University 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824 ***Michigan State University Extension, Delta County, 2840 College Ave. Escanaba, MI 49829 Abstract: Due to commercial production practices, soils in potato systems in Michigan experience a significant level of degradation. Mineral withdrawal, poor soil structure and soil microbial community disruption caused by intensive management practices are considered the primary drivers of soil degradation. Disruption of microbial communities affects both physical and chemical soil properties as they contribute to aggregate formation and control soil organic matter (SOM) accrual, decomposition, and nitrogen (N) mineralization. We are proposing an additive process for current potato production systems that increases cropping system diversity and rebuilds microbial community diversity and function. We propose that increasing diversity in the cropping system will lead to greater soil microbial activity, improve nutrient cycling and pathogen suppression, increase soil physical structure, and ultimately, improve soil productivity and crop yields. We will begin by identifying grass species that can add large amounts of biomass to potato production systems, and act as non-hosts to Verticillium dahliae and Pratylenchus penetrans, the two interacting organisms that cause potato early die syndrome. The optimal grass species will then be added to a legume monoculture commonly used in potato production systems. Results of our research will establish the value of added diversity in a cropping system and provide the potato industry with management recommendations on the efficacy of pearl millet varieties and grasses to improve cropping system productivity. We will document the additive effects of biodiversity in potato cropping systems by measuring changes in microbial community populations and activity. We will quantify these factors by evaluating overall potato yield and tuber quality. The potato industry in Michigan will then have methods to increase cropping system diversity in potato production systems. Potato growers are seeking to optimize cultural practices and biomass production for these new additive cover crop species. A pearl millet optimization trial will occur at Cousineau’s Potato Farm in Hardwood, MI. This demonstration trial seeks to optimize mowing timing, seeding mix diversity and rate as well as variety selection to maximize both above and below ground biomass accumulation. Background: Due to commercial production practices, soils in Michigan potato cropping systems experience a significant level of degradation. Mineral withdrawal, poor soil structure and soil microbial community disruption caused by intensive management practices are considered the primary drivers of soil degradation. Disruption of microbial communities affects both soil physical and chemical properties because they contribute to aggregate formation and control soil organic matter (SOM) accrual, decomposition, and nitrogen (N) mineralization (Tiemann and Grandy, 2015; Plaza et al., 2013). Under intensive fumigation and tillage practices, soil microbes no longer function at optimal levels to maintain or improve soil structure, SOM and N cycling (Mbuthia et al., 2015; Klose et al., 2006; Toyota et al., 1999). A diverse microbial community also facilitates competition, which maintains a balanced and healthy soil ecosystem. When soil-borne plant pathogens are unchecked by other soil organisms, production systems become out-of-balance, which leads to pathogen pervasiveness and crop failure (Garbava et al., 2004; van Elsas et al., 2002). We propose that increasing diversity in the cropping system will lead to greater soil microbial activity, improve nutrient cycling and pathogen suppression, increase soil physical structure, and ultimately, improve soil productivity and crop yields (Tiemann et al., 2015; van Elsas et al., 2002). We will start by identifying grass species that can add relatively large amounts of biomass to potato production systems, and act as non-hosts to Verticillium dahliae and Pratylenchus penetrans, the two interacting organisms that cause potato early die syndrome (Phase 1). The optimal grass species will then be added to a legume Table of Contents87 Potato systems that include alfalfa as part of the rotation may see the greatest benefits of increasing monoculture commonly used in potato production systems (Phase 2). The addition of one grass species into a potato production system is a relatively small increase in cropping system diversity, but even this small change can help maintain or increase soil health (Tiemann et al., 2015; McDaniel et al., 2014) and increase the productivity of potato cropping systems. cropping system diversity through the addition of a grass species. Several studies have shown that the combination of a grass and legume can have positive effects on microbial community diversity, activity, N mineralization and subsequent crop yields beyond those observed with grass or legume alone (Garbeva et al., 2004; Sainju et al., 2005; Altieri et al., 1999; Wagger et al., 1998). For example, compared to either crop as a monoculture, hairy vetch combined with rye produced greater cover crop biomass and greater subsequent crop biomass and grain yields (Sainju et al. 2005). Additionally, these same cover crop mixtures compared to monocultures had different effects on microbial biomass (Sainju et al., 2006). In a controlled laboratory soil incubation, decomposition of legume-grass mixtures resulted in increased microbial biomass and more even release of N (McDaniel et al., 2014; McDaniel et al., in revision). We hypothesize that the mixture of legume and grass species in a potato system rotation could provide some of these same benefits. Potato cropping systems in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula offers an ideal location to explore different culture practices in cover crop species (Phase 3). We will investigate the effects of mowing timing, variety, variety combinations and seeding rate on biomass accumulation. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucu) and associated cultivars are warm season grasses that can produce large amounts of biomass. Foxtail or German millet (Setaria italic) and Japanese millet (Echinochloa esculenta) are other grass species with grower interest for biomass production in the Upper Peninsula. Additionally, the effect of mowing timing can delay bolting, prolong heading and delay maturation, thus increasing biomass production. Phase 1: Identification of Optimal Grass Species Objective 1: Identify pearl millet varieties and other grass species that produce the greatest amount of above and below ground biomass. Objective 2: Identify which grass species are the poorest hosts to V. dahliae and P. penetrans. In the spring of 2015 and 2016, grass species comparison trials occurred at the Montcalm Research Center (MRC), Montcalm County, MI comparing performance of the grass varieties. We chose the grass species used in the 2015 trial based on previous research and anecdotal evidence that these species enhance disease and pest suppression in potato systems. The varieties were evaluated for production of above and below ground biomass, maturity (as a function of bolting), and likelihood of being a non-host or nematode-antagonistic with respect to P. penetrans root lesion nematode. In 2015, the following species were evaluated: common oat, (Avena sativa, ‘IDA’); pearl millet, (Pennisetum glaucum, ‘Tifleaf 3’, ‘Millex 32’, ‘CFPM 101’); proso millet, (Panicum miliaceum, ‘White’); German millet, (Setaria italica); foxtail millet, (Setaria italica, ‘White Wonder’) and; Japanese millet, (Echinochloa esculenta). It was determined that the pearl millet varieties produced the highest amounts of biomass, while the Japanese millet varieties produced the lowest amount (Table 1). Although not statistically significant, the pearl millet varieties tended to have fewer nematodes present in the soil and on the root tissue than the other grass species tested (Table 1). In 2016, this land was planted with the potato variety ‘Superior.’ Based on previous grass crop history in 2015, potato yield, tuber quality and presence of V. dahliae and P. penetrans were evaluated. Potato production in the pearl millet treatments, specifically Tifleaf and MIllex 32, although not significantly significant, produced higher total yields (Table 2). Root lesion nematode numbers were not significantly different between treatments, but pearl millet CFMP 101 had the lowest Verticillium concentration. In the spring of 2016, the three pearl millet varieties and four other grass species [corn, (Zea mays spp.), sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. Sudanese), teff (Eragrostis tef) and one other pearl millet variety (P. glaucum ‘Wonderleaf’)] underwent side-by-side screening at MRC to compare above and below ground biomass production and their effects on V. dahlia and P. penetrans abundance. The 2016 total biomass accumulation results are listed in Table 3. The corn control treatment produced the highest total biomass, but the grains were included in weight calculation, artificially inflating it. There was no significant difference in total Table of Contents88 biomass produced between the remaining grass species. Sorghum bicolor x S. bicolor var. Sudanese and teff ‘Dessie’ produced the least amount of biomass. In 2017, we proposed repeating parts 1 and 2 of phase one of this proposal. Due to a trial planting error, part one of the study was not planted and will be delayed until the Spring of 2018. No cover crop biomass data was collected in 2017. Part two is replanting the 2016 cover crop study to the potato variety the following season (2019). Cover crop treatment effects on potato yield and quality performance in 2017 are presented in Table 4. Table of Contents89 Phase 2: Incorporation of a Grass into a Potato Production System Objective 1: Determine how an increase in cropping system diversity affects SOM decomposition, N mineralization, soil microbial community diversity, and soil aggregation. Objective 2: Determine which grass species confers the greatest benefits when used to increase cropping system diversity. In the spring of 2016 two separate cover crop plots were planted at Kitchen Farms, Elmira, MI. One plot was planted into a bare soil field, previously potatoes in 2015. The second plot was planted into a one-year-old alfalfa crop (two years out of potatoes). This plot was planted just after the first cutting of alfalfa. Both seedings used the same eight treatments. The first treatment was alfalfa alone followed by the three pearl millet varieties Table of Contents90 from the 2015 grass species trial, sorghum-sudan grass, teff, cereal rye, and annual rye grass. The grasses were co-seeded with alfalfa in the year one planting and were drilled into the standing alfalfa in the second year planting. All treatments were no-till drilled in a randomized complete block design with four replications. In these grass plus alfalfa plots, we measured above and below ground biomass production, soil respiration, potentially mineralizable C and N, and extra-cellular enzyme activities. ryegrass produced the most total biomass and reduced alfalfa biomass accumulation compared to the alfalfa alone treatment. Pearl millet ‘CFPM 101’ had the highest above ground biomass. All treatment seeding rates will be adjusted as we proceed to balance the biomass production of both species. The interseeded plot data (Table 5) shows that pearl millet Tifleaf 3 outperformed all other treatments except Millex 32 in biomass production. This demonstrates that cultivar specificity is important in relative competition with alfalfa. None of the interseeded grass species significantly reduced alfalfa production. the most promising. Mowing times were inconsistent among years. The 2017 treatments were planted June 14th and included pearl millet (Canadian forage pearl millet 10, Millex 32, Tifleaf 3) and sorghum sudangrass (Super sugar), plus a control treatment with only alfalfa. In 2017, the alfalfa alone treatment in the co-seeded plot produced a significantly higher amount of biomass. In the interseeded plots, there was not significant differences, but Millex 32 and Super sugar produced the largest amount of total biomass in conjunction with alfalfa (Table 6). In 2017, planting rates were adjusted and the number of grass species and cultivars tested were reduced to From the co-seeded plot data (Table 5) the warm season grasses with the exception of teff and annual Table of Contents91 Phase 3: Determine Best Management Practices for Pearl Millet Growth in the Upper Peninsula Objective 1: Determine best management practices for optimizing pearl millet growth in the Upper Peninsula. For the past two seasons a grass cover crop demonstration trial has been planted at the Cousineau’s seed potato farm in Hardwood, MI. In addition, the Cousineau family has been planting various millet species on a larger scale in the year before potatoes. It is unclear how planting time and mowing impacts biomass production at this northern latitude. Based on observations, plants that emerged following a mid-May planting but appeared stunted, whereas planting in late-May or early-June resulted in more vigorous growth during the shorter growing season of these warm-season grasses. Mowing could benefit this system by potentially increasing biomass accumulation and breaking up residues that can impede field operations during the potato season. At the end of the season, total biomass was calculated for each planting rate and mowing treatment. The highest yield occurred in the 22 lbs/A mowed treatment, and the lowest yield occurred in the 15 lbs/A non-mowed treatment (Table 7). No statistical analysis was conducted. Materials and Methods: Phase 1 The first part of this phase of the project is the pearl millet screening study. Seven grass species were planted in a four replication, randomized block design at the MRC in early June 2017. Each plot is 20 by 45 feet. Each grass species was seeded at a depth of one inch and at a rate of fifteen lbs/A. Each grass plot was evaluated for above ground biomass production using one 0.25 m2 quadrat prior to each mowing during the growing season and prior to the killing frost. Below ground biomass was evaluated once just prior to a killing frost. In 2017, the potato variety ‘Superior’ was planted over the 2016 grass species trial at MRC. Sixteen, 34 inch rows were planted perpendicular to the grass trial plots. The in-row seed spacing for the ‘Superiors’ was 10 inches. Four, 15 foot plots were harvested from the potatoes in each of the grass plots in the fall. Each potato plot was evaluated for US#1 and total yield, internal tuber quality, specific gravity, early die syndrome, vine maturity and the abundance of V. dahliae and P. penetrans (2016 only). Phase 2 This experiment was set up as a randomized complete block with eight treatments in 2016 and five treatments in 2017. The 2016 grass species were planted June 17th and included pearl millet (Canadian forage pearl millet 101, Millex 32, Tifleaf 3), sorghum sudangrass (Super sugar), cereal rye (Guardian), teff (Dessie), and Table of Contents92 annual ryegrass (Centurion), and a no grass control treament. The 2017 treatments were planted June 14th and included pearl millet (Canadian forage pearl millet 10, Millex 32, Tifleaf 3) and sorghum sudangrass (Super sugar), plus a control treatment with no grass. In each year there were two plots, one planted at the same time as alfalfa (co-seeded) and one planted into 2nd year, established alfalfa at the time of first cutting (interseeded). Plots received overhead irrigation per the schedule set by the Kitchens. Weeds within the plots were not controlled during the year grasses were present due to lack of herbicide options. During the alfalfa only years weeds were controlled with glyphosate on Roundup Ready alfalfa. Prior to each mowing, aboveground biomass (cut at mowing height) was measured for both the alfalfa and the grass species. Prior to frost (co-seeded) or termination (interseeded), above- and belowground biomass were recorded. We collected soil samples from the experimental plots after grasses were established. We assessed microbial activity in two ways: extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) and respiration rates. We measured the enzyme activity to asses the presence and concentration of microbes that make nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorous available in the soil. Soil respiration rate assessment quantified the level of microbial activity, SOM content, and decomposition rate. We will perform microbial community structure analyses and V. dahliae colonization on soil and potato plant tissue samples respectively collected in 2018. This analysis will indicate the presence and abundance of V. dahliae in each cover crop regime. The DNA Sequence database will be mined from the total bacteria community dataset to identify DNA sequences corresponding to beneficial and plant pathogen antagonistic bacteria. Additionally, we will determine bacterial community diversity and richness. Phase 3 In 2017, our experiment was designed to study the effect of planting date and mowing frequency on pearl millet biomass production. However, due to the unusually wet and somewhat cool spring, the first two planting dates (May 15 and May 31) resulted in no pearl millet stand. There were 20.37 inches of rain between May and September compared to a 24 year average of 15.78 inches. We then chose to look at the impact of planting rate and mowing frequency on pearl millet biomass production with the final planting date (June 13). The experiment was set up in a split plot design with three replications. The main plot factor was planting rate (treatments of 15 and 22 lbs/A) and the subplot factor was mowing regime (treatments of one mowing and not mown). Based on previous research conducted at the MRC, ‘CFPM 101’ was used. Cover crop emergence was recorded one month after planting by counting the number of plants in three 0.25 m2 quadrat in each plot. At the time of mowing (August 22), aboveground biomass (cut at mowing height) was measured. Prior to termination and frost (September 11), total biomass were recorded. Outcomes: Results of this research provide the potato industry with information regarding the efficacy of pearl millet varieties and grasses to improve cropping system productivity. This project has established the value of added diversity in a cropping system. Our experiment documented the additive effects of biodiversity in a cropping system by measuring changes in microbial community populations and activity. We quantified these factors by evaluating potato yield and tuber quality. As a result of this work, the potato industry in Michigan will have strategies to increase cropping system diversity in potato production systems and understand best practices for warm season grass production in Michigan. Phase 1 In 2015, thee pearl millet varieties (Tifleaf 3, Millex 32, and CFPM 101) produced the most biomass using statistical analysis. The potato yields of ‘Superior’ the following year partially support our hypothesis. There is a statistically significant higher US #1 and total yield of potatoes in 2016 grown in the Tifleaf 3 and Millex 32 plots compared to those grown in the foxtail millet and oats plot. Potatoes grown after CFPM 101 also had a statistically higher total yield than those grown after oats. While the data does not show a “best” cover crop variety for increased potato yield the following year, it does indicate that the pearl millet varieties tend to support higher potato yields. This is further confirmed by the potato yield data in 2017. Potatoes grown after CFPM 101 and pearl millet Wonder Leaf had a significantly higher yield that those grown after sorghum sudangrass and Table of Contents93 corn. Future study on Tifleaf 2, CFPM 101, and Wonder leaf are recommended to create best practices for planting date, spacing, and mowing time that result in the highest yield increase the following year. In 2017, we observed a statistically significant lowest incidence of V. dahliae in German millet, and the lowest amount of fungal DNA from the species in pearl millet CFPM 101 and Wonder Leaf, and teff. In 2016, there was no significant difference in the incidence of plant or soil root lesion nematode. This data was not available for 2017. Plant available nitrogen at each cover crop treatment site in 2016 was also assessed at Kitchen’s Farms. While there was not a statistically significant difference, teff and Millex 32 had the lowest amount of plant available nitrogen while annual rye, Sorghum sudangrass, and alfalfa had the highest amount (Figure 1). This indicates the presence and productivity of soil microbes producing enzymes that break down inaccessible nitrogen in the soil and make it available for plant uptake. potatoes the following year to further evaluate potato yields after different cover crops. We expect to see the three above mentioned pearl millet varieties perform well again in the future, as they appear to support higher potato yields and may be less susceptible to V. dahliae. Phase 2 In 2018, we propose planting the same cover crops evaluated in 2017, and then planting ‘Superior’ In 2016, the co-seeded plots were dominated by the grass species with poor alfalfa establishment. Weed populations were also problematic in the poor stands of 2016. Most of the pearl millet varieties and the sorghum sudangrass produced more biomass compared to the other varieties, which were then oitted in 2017. The better establishment of alfalfa in 2017 and the 50% reduction in planting rate reduced grass biomass accumulation by approximately 3,500-4,000 lbs/A compared to 2016. However, the grass to alfalfa biomass ratio was about 50:50. The total biomass produced in these plots (grass and alfalfa) ranged from 8,000 to 9,400 lbs/A. In 2016, the interseeded plots had very low grass biomass accumulation, ranging from 16 to 776 lbs/A (Table 5). Again, the cereal rye, annual ryegrass, and teff plantings were not competitive in this environment and were omitted in 2017. In 2017, the grass biomass accumulation ranged from 440-890 lbs/A (Table 9), about 10- 20% of the alfalfa biomass. Significant gains were not made by increasing the seeding rates by 50% from 2016 to 2017. The data show that co-seeding is preferable to interseeding to obtain a balanced mix of Alfalfa and a grass species. In the future, we plan to plant ‘Superior’ potatoes over the 2017 co-seeded and interseeded plots and assess yield, disease pressure, and soil microbial composition, and soil mineral composition. We expect that the interseeded pearl millet and Alfalfa plots will support the highest potato yields. Phase 3 No biomass difference was observed at different planting rates in 2017, so future plantings will be conducted with seedings of 15 lbs/A. The data from 2017 indicate that a later planting date is preferable, so only the latest planting date will be used in 2018. We propose the following experimental design consisting of five grass treatments (including two equal mixtures) and three moving treatments (no mowing, early mowing, and mid-season mowing). We predict that earlier mowing will increase millet biomass production, which in turn will support a higher potato yield. Table of Contents94 Potato (Solanum tuberosum) "Superior" Potato Early Die, Verticillium Dahliae, Pratylenchus penetrans N. Rosenzweig, J. Calogero, C. Long, and S. Mambetova Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University In-furrow and foliar treatment programs for control of potato early die (PED)-Entrican 2017 A field trial was established 25 May (43°21'9.24"N and longitude - 85°10'34.61"W) at the Montcalm Research Center, Entrican MI to evaluate selected in-furrow and foliar fungicides, fumigants and nematicides for early die control (Table 1). US#1 ‘Superior’ tubers were mechanically cut into approximately 2 oz seedpieces 19 May and allowed to heal before planting. These trials were conducted using potato cultivar ‘Superior’ due to its susceptibility to Verticillium wilt and its commercial use throughout the state of Michigan and the Midwestern US potato growing region. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used for the experiment, with each plot consisting of four 22-ft-long rows spaced 34 in. apart with tubers 10 in. apart in the row. A 3-ft not-planted alley separated the two-row beds. Fertilizer was drilled into plots before planting, formulated according to results of soil tests. Additional nitrogen (final N 28 lb/A) was applied to the growing crop with irrigation 45 DAP (days after planting). Application times included: Pre-planting/pre-plant incorporated (A); Seed treatment (B); In-furrow at planting (C); 2 in emergence (D); 7 Days after 2 in emergence (E). In-furrow, at-planting applications of fungicide were delivered with a hand-held R&D spray boom delivering 10 gal/A (50 p.s.i.) and using one XR8002VR nozzle per row. A non-treated control was compared with 23 different treatment programs to evaluate their efficacy in controlling potato early die (PED) based on application time (Table 1). Bravo WS 6SC 1.5 pt/A was applied on a seven-day interval, total of eight applications, for foliar disease control. Weeds were controlled by cultivation and with Dual 8E at 2 pt/A 10 DAP, Basagran at 2 pt/A 20 and 40 DAP and Poast at 1.5 pt/A 58 DAP. Insects were controlled with Admire Pro Systemic Pro 7 oz/A at planting, Sevin 80S at 1.25 lb/A 31 and 55 DAP, Thiodan 3 EC at 2.33 pt/A 65 and 87 DAP and Pounce 3.2EC at 8 oz/A 48 DAP. Soil samples were taken May 2 from each plot prior to applications of treatments. Five samples from each plot row (ten total) were collected with a 25 mm JMC soil corer (Clements Assoc., Newton, IA) to a depth of 100 mm and combined in a one gallon sample bag for total of ~1000 g/ soil per sample. Soil samples were sent to the MSU Plant Diagnostic Clinic to determine populations of Verticillium dahliae colony forming units (CFUs) and populations of Pratylenchus penetrans, Root-Lesion Nematode (RLN) in each plot. Similarly, soil was sampled on 21 Jul (55 DAP) and sent to the MSU Plant Diagnostic Clinic to determine populations of RLN in each plot. To determine the colonization of V. dahliae per ml of plant sap, stem sections approximately 15 cm long were cut from 3 plants per plot, with sterile razor blades, from the soil line approximately 55 DAP and DNA was extracted from the plant samples and subjected to quantitative PCR detection targeting V. dahliae. Plant stand was rated 20 (14 Jun), 27 (21 Jun) and 34 (28 Jun) days after planting and relative rate of emergence was calculated as the Relative Area Under the Emergence Progress Curve [RAUEPC from 0–34 DAP, maximum value = 100]. Plots were not inoculated but relied on natural infestation of Verticillium dahliae for disease establishment. Severity of PED was measured as a Verticillium Wilt Scale: 0=No Verticillium wilt seen; 1=Small amounts of yellow and flagging of petioles; 2=Moderate amounts of yellowing and flagging of petioles, some of the flagged petioles becoming necrotic; 3=Symptomatic plants start to have stems stand straight up while the rest of the plant is laying down, the upright stems are yellow and petioles are wilted and necrotic; 4=Majority of the plot has upright necrotic stems and 5=Entire plot is necrotic, upright stems are brown and petioles are wilted and necrotic, tuber may have brown speckling throughout the stem-end. Severity of PED was rated 70 (3 Aug), 84 (17 Aug) and 91 (24 Aug) days after planting and the relative rate of disease progression was calculated as the Relative Area Under the Disease Progress Curve [RAUDPC from 0–91 DAP, maximum value = 100]. Table of Contents95 Plots (1 x 22-ft row) were machine-harvested on 14 Sep (112 DAP) and individual treatments were weighed and graded. Randomly selected samples of 10 tubers per plot were washed and assessed for stem end vascular beading incidence (%). Meteorological Data Meteorological variables were measured with a Campbell weather station located at the farm from 1 May to the end of Sept. Average daily air temperature (ºF) was 55.0, 68.5, 69.8, 64.9 and 63.5 (May, Jun, Jul, Aug and Sep respectively) and the number of days with maximum temperature >90ºF over the same period was 0 for each month except Sep with 5 days. Average daily relative humidity (%) over the same period was 68.0, 74.6, 74.0, 75.2 and 73.4. Average daily soil temperature at 4 in. depth (oF) over the same period was 58.1, 69.4, 71.3, 70.2 and 69.8. Average daily soil moisture at 4 in. depth (% of field capacity) over the same period was 12.4, 14.0, 9.4, 6.7 and 7.3. Precipitation (in.) over the same period was 1.98, 6.37, 0.92, 1.36 and 0.7”. Plots were irrigated to supplement precipitation to about 0.1 in./A/4 day period with overhead sprinkle irrigation. Results The 2017 growing season provided environmental extremes of excessive moisture early in the season and moisture stress at other times. However, a prolonged period of unusually dry weather continuing from early Jul to mid-Aug resulted in environmental conditions that were conducive to PED establishment and development. No treatments were significantly different from the non-treated control in percent plant emergence or rate of emergence (RAUEPC). However, there was a significant difference in plant stand among 13 treatments (Table 1). Moreover, there was a significant difference in rate of emergence (RAUEPC) among nine treatments (Table 1). Three treatments including: FLU+CTD 15 oz/A (C); Vydate 310 SL 6.5 oz/A (C, D and E), and PicPlus 98 lb/A (A) had significantly lower PED disease severity (91 DAP) compared to the non-treated control (Table 1). Additionally, among 11 treatments PED disease severity was significantly different (Table 1). The rate of disease progression (RAUDPC) of PED for three treatments was significantly higher than the non-treated control (Table 1). These treatments included: Velum Prime 6.5 oz/A (C), Luna Tranquility 11.2 oz/A (D and E); CruiserMaxx 0.31 oz/CWT (B), Elatus 7.7 oz/A (D), and NIMITZ 1.5 pt/A (C). There were five treatments that had significantly lower total yield (CWT) than the non-treated control (Table 1). These treatments included: Velum Prime 6.5 oz/A (C); Velum Prime 6.5 oz/A (C), Luna Tranquility 11.2 oz/A (D and E); CruiserMaxx 0.31 oz/CWT (B), Elatus 7.7 oz/A (C and D); Majestine 1 gal/A (C and D) and NIMITZ 1.5 pt/A (C). There were eight treatments that had significantly lower US#1 yield (CWT) than the non-treated control (Table 1). These treatments included: TI435 600 SC 4.653 oz/A (C); FLU+CTD 15 oz/A (C); Velum Prime 6.5 oz/A (C); Velum Prime 6.5 oz/A (C), Luna Tranquility 11.2 oz/A (D), Movento HL 2.5 oz/A (E); Velum Prime 6.5 oz/A (C), Luna Tranquility 11.2 oz/A (D and E); CruiserMaxx 0.31 oz/CWT (B), Elatus 7.7 oz/A (C and D); Majestine 1 gal/A (C and D) and NIMITZ 3.5 pt/A (A), ADA 58701 7.6 fl oz/A (C). There were no treatments that were significantly different in B-size yield (CWT) compared to the non-treated control (Table 1). However, there was a significant difference in B-size yield (CWT) among seven treatments (Table 1). The treatment of NIMITZ 1.5 pt/A at planting (C) had significantly higher vascular discoloration compared to the non-treated control (Table 1). There was a significant difference in vascular discoloration among 11 treatments (Table 1). There were eight treatments that had significantly lower Verticillium dahliae mean CFU/g per plot pre- planting (Table 1). Quantitative PCR targeting V. dahliae DNA at 55 DAP found that 10 treatments had lower levels of target DNA, indicating less PED colonization in the plant. No RLN was found in treatment plots or in root samples collected at pre-planting (5 May) and at 55 DAP (21 Jul). No phytotoxicity was observed from any treatments. Table of Contents96 Table 1. Effects of in-furrow, at planting, and foliar treatments on percent plant emergence, rate of emergence, severity of Verticillium wilt, rate of disease progression, total and marketable yield in hundred-weight per acre, vascular discoloration of tubers, Verticillium dahliae colony forming units (CFU) in soil and amount of V. dahliae DNA in plant tissue. Yield (CWT) RAUEPCd 0 – 34 DAPj 0.806 abc 0.801 abc PEDe 24 Aug 91 DAP 4.9 a 4.8 ab RAUDPCf 0 – 91 DAPj (%)j 0.037 cde 0.039 a-d Total 233.0 abc 204.2 a-f US #1 174.5 ab 126.4 def B Size 58.4 a-d 77.8 ab VDg (%) 70 bcd 70 bcd Average CFU/g of Soilh 5 May 47.1 a 28.4 abc TaqMan Assay (Ct-values)i 33.0 a 23.4 ab 0.804 abc 4.8 ab 0.039 a-d 212.0 a-f 150.8 a-e 61.2 abc 87 ab 20.4 bc 16.1 b 0.800 abc 0.816 a 4.4 b 4.8 ab 4.8 ab 0.037 cde 0.039 a-d 196.6 b-f 173.0 ef 129.9 c-f 119.4 ef 66.7 abc 53.5 cd 73 bcd 83 abc 26.4 abc 26.6 abc 32.2 a 31.3 a 0.039 a-d 220.1 a-d 141 b-f 79.1 a 63 d 30.9 abc 15.7 b Plant standb 34 DAPc (%) 74.6 abcj 76.3 ab 76.8 ab 74.6 abc 69.6 c 74.1 abc 0.806 abc 76.3 ab 0.795 c 4.8 ab 0.040 abc 228.2 a-d 169.4 abc 58.7 a-d 77 bcd 36.5 ab 31.2 a 75.4 abc 0.805 abc 4.9 a 0.040 a-d 187.7 c-f 129.3 c-f 58.4 a-d 63 d 14.5 c 25.6 ab 71.4 bc 0.813 ab 4.8 ab 0.042 a 165.6 f 108.7 f 56.8 bcd 80 a-d 30.0 abc 30.6 a 76.8 ab 0.797 bc 4.5 bc 0.038 cde 227.3 a-d 157.2 a-e 70.2 abc 87 ab 25.5 abc 22.2 ab 76.8 ab 0.803 abc 4.8 ab 0.040 abc 225.8 a-d 154.1 a-e 71.7 abc 83 abc 30.0 abc 16.2 b 74.6 abc 0.803 abc 4.8 ab 0.039 a-d 182.0 def 121.4 ef 60.5 abc 77 bcd 22.4 bc 22.3 ab 73.7 abc 0.795 c 77.2 ab 73.7 abc 0.793 c 0.806 abc 4.9 a 4.9 a 4.4 c 0.041 ab 216.9 a-e 153.3 a-e 63.6 abc 83 abc 26.7 abc 30.5 a 0.040 a-d 0.035 e 220.7 a-d 246.8 a 153.1 a-e 186.3 a 67.6 abc 60.5 abc 73 bcd 70 bcd 20.0 bc 24.4 bc 31.5 a 22.9 ab 72.8 abc 0.798 bc 4.8 ab 0.039 b-e 224.3 a-d 153.3 a-e 71 abc 73 bcd 32.8 ab 30.9 a Treatment and ratea, Non-Treated TI435 600 SC 4.653 oz/A (C) Velum Prime 6.5 oz/A (C) TI435 600 SC 4.653 oz/A (C) FLU+CTD 15 oz/A (C) Velum Prime 6.5 oz/A (C) Velum Prime 6.5 oz/A (C) Movento HL 2.5 oz/A (E) Velum Prime 6.5 oz/A (C) Luna Tranquility 11.2 oz/A (D) Velum Prime 6.5 oz/A (C) Luna Tranquility 11.2 oz/A (D) Movento HL 2.5 oz/A (E) Velum Prime 6.5 oz/A (C) Luna Tranquility 11.2 oz/A (D) Luna Tranquility 11.2 oz/A (E) Vydate 310 SL 6.5 oz/A (C) Vydate 310 SL 16 oz/A (D) Vydate 310 SL 16 oz/A (E) CruiserMaxx 0.31 oz/CWT (B) Elatus 7.7 oz/A (C) CruiserMaxx 0.31 oz/CWT (B) Elatus 7.7 oz/A (C) Elatus 7.7 oz/A (D) CruiserMaxx 0.31 oz/CWT (B) Elatus 7.7 oz/A (D) Vapam 45 gal/A (A) PicPlus 98 lb/A (A) Majestine 1 gal/A (C) Bio-Tam 2.0 2.5 lb/A (C) Majestine 1 gal/A (D) Bio-Tam 2.0 2.5 lb/A (D) Table of Contents97 78.1 a 70.1 bc 4.8 ab 4.8 ab 0.040 abc 0.041 ab 150.9 a-e 77.2 ab 0.794 c 4.8 ab 0.037 de 75.4 abc 0.802 abc 4.9 a 73.7 abc 0.799 abc 4.9 a 182.1 def 125.3 def 0.040 a-d 211.8 a-f 56.8 bcd 80 a-d 28.0 abc 22.0 ab 60.9 abc 83 abc 22.2 bc 30.3 a 0.806 abc 0.811 abc 4.8 ab 4.9 a 4.9 a 70 bcd 80 a-d 67 cd 57.2 bcd 69.9 abc 66.5 abc 27.1 abc 31.2 abc 21.3 bc 0.040 a-d 0.040 abc 0.040 a-d 72.8 abc 78.6 a 76.3 ab 223.1 a-d 239.6 ab 191.4 c-f 0.804 abc 0.794 c 0.804 abc 165.9 a-d 169.7 abc 124.9 def Majestine 1 gal/A (C) Majestine 1 gal/A (D) MeloCon WG 9 lb/A (C) MeloCon WG 9 lb/A (D) MeloCon WG 9 lb/A (E) NIMITZ 3.5 pt/A (A) ADA 58701 7.6 fl oz/A (C) NIMITZ 3.5 pt/A (A) ADA 58701 7.6 fl oz/A (C) NIMITZ 3.5 pt/A (A) NIMITZ 1.5 pt/A (C) NIMITZ 1.5 pt/A (C) NIMITZ 3.5 pt/A (A) NIMITZ 1.5 pt/A (C) ADA 58701 7.6 fl oz/A (C) a Application time; A=Pre-planting/pre-plant incorporated; B=Seed treatment; C=In-furrow at planting; D=2” emergence; E=7 Days after 2” emergence. b Plant stand expressed as a percentage of the target population of 120 plants/100ft. row from a sample of 1 x 22 ft rows per plot. c DAP = days after planting on 25 May. d Relative area under the emergence progress curve from planting to 55 days after planting. e PED=Potato Early Die rating using the following scale: 0=No potato early die seen; 1=Small amounts of yellow and flagging of petioles; 2=Moderate amounts of yellowing and flagging of petioles, some of the the flagged petioles becoming necrotic; 3=Symptomatic plants are start to have stems stand straight up while the rest of the plant is laying down, the upright stems are yellow and petioles are wilted and necrotic; 4=Majority of the plot has upright necrotic stems; 5=Entire plot is necrotic, upright stems are brown and petioles are wilted and necrotic, tuber may have brown speckling throughout the stem-end. f Relative area under the disease progress curve from planting to 91 days after planting. g VD=Vascular discoloration of the stem end; percentage calculated from 10 tubers. h CFU=colony forming units seen on selective Verticillium dahliae media i Average threshold cycle value of 12 replicates/treatment (within experiment) the higher the Ct value the lower amount of Verticillium dahlia target DNA in the sample. j Means followed by same letter are not significantly different at p = 0.10 (Fishers LSD). 15.0 b 21.1 ab 30.7 a 0.039 a-d 217.1 a-e 221 a-d 172.6 ef 149.5 a-f 67.6 abc 67 cd 32.3 ab 14.7 b 14.0 c 28.5 abc 15.0 b 16.1 b 151.9 a-e 133.4 b-f 69.1 abc 39.2 d 70 bcd 97 a Table of Contents98 Potato (Solanum tuberosum) ‘Snowden’ Potato Early Blight, Black Dot, White Mold; Alternaria solani, Colletotrichum coccodes, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum N. Rosenzweig and S. Mambetova Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 Foliar treatment programs for control of potato early blight, black dot and white mold-Entrican 2017 A field trial was established 25 May (latitude 43°21'9.06"N and longitude - 85°10'30.35"W) at the Montcalm Research Center, Entrican MI to evaluate selected fungicides for early blight, black dot and white mold control (Table 1). US#1 ‘Snowden’ tubers were mechanically cut into approximately 2 oz seedpieces 19 May and allowed to heal before planting. These trials were conducted using potato cultivar ‘Snowden’ due to its commercial use throughout the state of Michigan and the Midwestern US potato growing region. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used for the experiment, with each plot consisting of two 50-ft-long rows spaced 34 in. apart with tubers 10 in. apart in the row. A 5-ft not-planted alley separated the two-row beds. Fertilizer was drilled into plots before planting, formulated according to results of soil tests. Additional nitrogen (final N 28 lb/A) was applied to the growing crop with irrigation 45 DAP (days after planting). All were delivered with a hand-held R&D spray boom delivering 10 gal/A (50 p.s.i.) and using one XR8002VR nozzle per row. A non- treated control was compared with 6 different treatment programs to compare their efficacy in controlling potato early blight, black dot and white mold (Table 1). Weeds were controlled by cultivation and with Dual 8E at 2 pt/A 10 DAP, Basagran at 2 pt/A 20 and 40 DAP and Poast at 1.5 pt/A 58 DAP. Insects were controlled with Admire 2F at 1.25 pt/A at planting, Sevin 80S at 1.25 lb/A 31 and 55 DAP, Thiodan 3 EC at 2.33 pt/A 65 and 87 DAP and Pounce 3.2EC at 8 oz/A 48 DAP. Vines were killed with Reglone 2EC Sep 21. Plant stand was rated 20, 35, 42 and 55 days after planting (DAP) and relative rate of emergence was calculated as the Relative Area Under the Emergence Progress Curve [RAUEPC from 0–55 DAP, maximum value = 100]. Plots were not inoculated but relied on natural dispersal of Alternaria solani, Colletotrichum coccodes and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum for disease establishment. Severity of early blight was rated 61 (25 Jul), 67 (31 Jul), 75 (8 Aug), and 81 (14 Aug) DAP using the Horsfall-Barratt rating scale, and the relative rate of disease progression was calculated as the Relative Area Under the Disease Progress Curve [RAUDPC from 0–81 DAP, maximum value = 100]. Disease severity of black dot was rated incidence of plants/plot infected 21 Aug (88 DAP). Plots (1 x 50-ft row) were machine-harvested on 5 Oct (133 DAP) and individual treatments were weighed and graded. Meteorological Data Meteorological variables were measured with a Campbell weather station located at the farm from 1 May to the end of Sept. Average daily air temperature (ºF) was 55.0, 68.5, 69.8, 64.9 and 63.5 (May, Jun, Jul, Aug and Sep respectively) and the number of days with maximum temperature >90ºF over the same period was 0 for each month except Sep with 5 days. Average daily relative humidity (%) over the same period was 68.0, 74.6, 74.0, 75.2 and 73.4. Average daily soil temperature at 4” depth (oF) over the same period was 58.1, 69.4, 71.3, 70.2 and 69.8. Average daily soil moisture at 4” depth (% of field capacity) over the same period was 12.4, 14.0, 9.4, 6.7 and 7.3. Precipitation (in.) over the same period was 1.98, 6.37, 0.92, 1.36 and 0.7”. Plots were irrigated to supplement precipitation to about 0.1 in./A/4 day period with overhead sprinkle irrigation. Table of Contents99 Results The 2017 growing season provided environmental extremes of excessive moisture early in the season and moisture stress at other times. However, a prolonged period of unusually dry weather continuing from early Jul to mid-Aug resulted in environmental conditions that were not conducive to white mold establishment and development. No treatments were significantly different in percent plant emergence or rate of emergence (RAUEPC). All treatments had significant lower early blight severity at 81 DAP (Aug 14) compared to the non-treated control except for treatments with numbered product MBI-10612 applied at 10% bloom (32 fl oz/A), and Double Nickel LC applied at 10% bloom and 7-10 days post 10% bloom (32 fl oz/A: Table 1). The RAUDPC value of early blight for all treatments was significantly lower than the non-treated control. There was no significant difference in black dot incidence at 81 DAP (Aug 14) except for treatments with numbered product MBI-110AF5 applied at 10% bloom (64 fl oz/A), and MBI-110AF5 at 10% bloom (64 fl oz/A) and 7-10 days post 10% bloom (32 fl oz/A) which were significantly lower than the non-treated control. There were no differences in total and marketable yield (CWT) compared to the non-treated control, however there were significant differences among three treatments (Table 1). These included the treatments with numbered product MBI-110AF5 (32 fl oz/A and 64 fl oz/A) applied at 10% bloom, and Double Nickel LC (32 fl oz/A) applied at 10% bloom and 7-10 days post 10% bloom (Table 1). Similarly, for yield of US#1 (CWT) there was no significant difference among treatments compared to the non-treated control, but there were significant differences among three treatments (Table 1) These included the treatments with numbered product MBI-110AF5 (32 fl oz/A and 64 fl oz/A) applied at 10% bloom, and MBI-10612 applied at 10% bloom (32 fl oz/A: Table 1). For yield of B-size tubers (CWT) the treatment with Double Nickel LC applied at 10% bloom and 7-10 days post 10% bloom (32 fl oz/A) was significantly higher than the non-treated control, all other treatments were not significantly different from the non-treated control. No phytotoxicity was observed from any treatments. Table of Contents100 Table 1. Effects of foliar treatments on percent plant emergence, rate of emergence, severity of early blight, rate of disease progression, black dot incidence, and total and marketable yield in hundred-weight per acre. Plant standa 55 DAPb (%) RAUEPCc 0 – 55 DAP 82.8 0.339 EBd (%) 14 Aug 81 DAPe 12.0 a RAUDPCf 0 – 81 DAP (%)e 0.105 a BDg Incidence 81 DAPe 20.3 a Total 217.3 ab US #1 151.8 ab B Size b 65.4 Yield (CWT)e 87.5 0.343 9.6 bc 0.050 b 15 abc 222.5 ab 149.0 ab 73.5 ab 87.8 0.372 9.4 bc 0.048 b 19.8 ab 195.7 b 124.5 b 71.2 ab 89.0 0.360 8.4 c 0.050 b 13.8 c 240.7 a 167.3 a 73.4 ab 81.3 0.342 9.8 abc 0.055 b 16.5 abc 221.5 ab 154.4 a 67.1 b 88.0 0.364 9.4 bc 0.058 b 14 bc 221.4 ab 148.9 ab 72.6 ab Treatment, rate and application time Non-Treated Manzate Pro-Stick 2 lb/A at wks. 4,6,8,10 Reason 500C 5.5 fl oz/A at wks 4,5 Bravo WS 2 pt/A at wks 5,7,9,11,13 Luna Tranquility 11.2 fl oz/A at wks 8,9,12 Scala SC 7 fl oz/A at wks. 10 Manzate Pro-Stick 2 lb/A at wks. 4,6,8,10 Reason 500C 5.5 fl oz/A at wks 4,5 Bravo WS 2 pt/A at wks 5,7,9,11,13 Luna Tranquility 11.2 fl oz/A at wks 8,9,12 Scala SC 7 fl oz/A at wks. 10 MBI-110AF5 32 fl oz/A at 10% bloom Manzate Pro-Stick 2 lb/A at wks. 4,6,8,10 Reason 500C 5.5 fl oz/A at wks 4,5 Bravo WS 2 pt/A at wks 5,7,9,11,13 Luna Tranquility 11.2 fl oz/A at wks 8,9,12 Scala SC 7 fl oz/A at wks. 10 MBI-110AF5 64 fl oz/A at 10% bloom Manzate Pro-Stick 2 lb/A at wks. 4,6,8,10 Reason 500C 5.5 fl oz/A at wks 4,5 Bravo WS 2 pt/A at wks 5,7,9,11,13 Luna Tranquility 11.2 fl oz/A at wks 8,9,12 Scala SC 7 fl oz/A at wks. 10 MBI-10612 32 fl oz/A at 10% bloom Manzate Pro-Stick 2 lb/A at wks. 4,6,8,10 Reason 500C 5.5 fl oz/A at wks 4,5 Bravo WS 2 pt/A at wks 5,7,9,11,13 Luna Tranquility 11.2 fl oz/A at wks 8,9,12 Scala SC 7 fl oz/A at wks. 10 MBI-110AF5 64 fl oz/A at 10% bloom MBI-110AF5 32 fl oz/A 7-10 days post 10% bloom Table of Contents101 87.5 0.357 11.3 ab 82.1 a Manzate Pro-Stick 2 lb/A at wks. 4,6,8,10 Reason 500C 5.5 fl oz/A at wks 4,5 Bravo WS 2 pt/A at wks 5,7,9,11,13 Luna Tranquility 11.2 fl oz/A at wks 8,9,12 Scala SC 7 fl oz/A at wks. 10 Double Nickel LC 32 fl oz/A at 10% bloom and 7-10 days post 10% bloom a Plant stand expressed as a percentage of the target population of 120 plants/100ft. row from a sample of 1 x 50 ft rows per plot. b DAP = days after planting on 25 May. c Relative area under the emergence progress curve from planting to 55 days after planting. d EB=Early blight rating using severity rated on a Horsfall-Barratt scale of 0 (no infection) to 11 (all foliage and stems dead). Ratings were converted to percentages. e Means followed by same letter are not significantly different at p = 0.10 (Fishers LSD). f Relative area under the disease progress curve from planting to 81 days after planting. g BD=Black dot (Colletotrichum coccodes) incidence. 14.5 abc 148.2 ab 0.056 b 230.3 a Table of Contents102 Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Verticillium wilt; Verticillium dahliae N. Rosenzweig, and P. Somohano Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 In-vitro sensitivity distributions of Verticillium dahliae isolates from potato to sedaxane, solatenol, difenoconazole and fludioxonil 2017 Verticillium wilt caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae is an annual production concern for potato growers in Michigan and throughout the USA. Levels of V. dahliae colony forming units (CFU) in the soil have a direct correlation with level of observed disease severity in above ground plant parts, so managing CFU in the soil is the common practice in commercial potato production. Historically, growers have relied on strict soil fumigation regimes to decrease V. dahliae propagules in the soil, but these soil fumigation programs can be cost prohibitive. Furthermore, the negative impact that these fumigants can have on the environment, coupled with growing concern over their impact on beneficial microorganisms in the soil has led to an increased focus on the development of alternative management strategies for Verticillium wilt. The results of experimental field trials from 2013-2016 (Appendix I) provided baseline information on the effects of several commercially available fungicides and their ability to manage Verticillium wilt of potato. Initial comparison of seven fungicides found that pyramethanil + fluopyram (Luna Tranquility, Bayer CropScience) when applied in-furrow at planting significantly decreased disease severity and CFU in the stem were reduced but had no effect on CFU units in the soil. Similarly, applying pyramethanil + fluopyram at emergence may decrease disease severity and CFU in the stem. Whether these results are due to inhibition of V. dahliae in the stem by pyramethanil + fluopyram or a reduction of root-lesion nematodes (RLN) in the soil are yet to be elucidated. Though the cause of the reduction in CFU in the stem and disease severity is not yet known, it is apparent that pyramethanil + fluopyram is useful in managing Verticillium wilt. The objective of this study is to determine if the effect of fungicide on microsclerotial germination and sensitivity in vitro is contributing to the observed control of Verticillium wilt in the field. Sample collection and geographical origin of isolates: Isolates of V. dahliae were collected from soil in Michigan and obtained from culture collections of collaborating universities. A total of 8 isolates were used in the study. Isolates were received from the following potato production states: Idaho (1 isolate), Michigan (2 isolates), North Dakota (4 isolates), and Washington (1 isolates). Monoconidial isolates were obtained by sub-culturing a single conidium of V. dahliae onto Czapek-Dox Agar. In vitro sensitivity by gradient plating of Verticillium dahliae isolates to sedaxane, solatenol, difenoconazole and fludioxonil: Difenoconazole, solatenol, sedaxane, and fludioxonil stock solutions of 10,000 mg/liter of each fungicide are prepared by dissolving commercial-grade fungicides in a sterile solvent. 50 ml of Czapek-Dox Agar was poured into each dish, to form a layer of agar with a known constant volume, thus when a stock solution is added to the agar results in a gradient from 0 to 1000 mg/liter across the surface. A method using a spiral gradient plater (Figures 1 and 2) was used to determine effective concentration in inhibiting growth by 50% (EC50). Pure cultures of V. dahliae were prepared as described above and used in sensitivity assays. Conidial suspensions were prepared by flooding colony Petri dishes with 200 mL distilled water and scraping the conidia free from the surface with a rubber policeman. The Table of Contents103 conidial suspension (10 mL) was spread across the fungicide gradient plate from edge to center. The point coordinates at which the colonies start and end was recorded and entered into a software program, which calculates the EC50 for each isolate. Results: The individual isolate and mean EC50 values were estimated for each of the fungicides listed above. A total of eight isolates were screened against the fungicides difenoconazole, solatenol, sedaxane, and fludioxonil respectively (Table 1). For difenoconazole, solatenol, sedaxane, and fludioxonil the mean EC50 values (mg/liter) were 11.01, 14.90, 43.28, and 92.41 respectively (Table 1). The distribution of V. dahliae isolate sensitivity in EC50 values (mg/L) for all fungicides tested ranged from >1 to 105 (Table 1 and Figure 3). Additionally, while there was a differential response to difenoconazole, solatenol, sedaxane, and fludioxonil insofar as the sensitivity of each isolate, there was an observable isolate/fungicide dependent difference in the formation of microsclerotia in-vitro (Figures 1 and 2). Ongoing and future directions: Currently we are comparing the accuracy and precision of the spiral gradient method to traditional dilution agar plating in determining fungicide sensitivity. We will use the same isolates used in the spiral planting assay to test for sensitivity to difenoconazole, solatenol, sedaxane, and fludioxonil. Additionally, further testing of the ability to produce and the viability of mircosclerotia on fungicide amended agar may be warranted. Future research should attempt to understand the temporal effect that fungicide applications are having on RLN and whether this interaction is contributing to a decrease in Verticillium wilt symptoms when fungicide treatments are applied to potato in-furrow and at emergence. Table 1. Comparison of mean effective concentration in growth by 50% (EC50) for isolates of Verticillium dahliae to difenoconazole, solatenol, sedaxane, and fludioxonil. Isolate 49.B.2010 UM1 UM2 H5 MN3D V1 V3 V18 Mean Origin WA ND ND ND ND MI MI MI DFX 0.97 4.31 37.42 37.42 5.05 0.97 0.97 0.97 11.01 EC50 (mg/L)a,b STL 37.75 0.99 37.75 37.75 1.83 1.12 0.99 0.99 14.90 SDX 72.97 40.93 51.93 1.91 2.11 40.93 105.00 30.49 43.28 FDL 105.00 4.25 105.00 105.00 105.00 105.00 105.00 105.00 92.41 a EC50 values determined for two replications based on mean effective concentration in growth by 50% by spiral gradient dilution method. b Difenoconazole=DFZ; solatenol=STL; sedaxane=SDX and fludioxonil=FDL. Table of Contents104 A B C Figure 1. Growth of Verticillium dahliae (isolates placed on the same position on the plate) isolates from spiral plate dilution gradient assay on non-fungicide amended plate (A), solatenol plate (B) and sedaxane (C). Table of Contents105 A B C Figure 1. Growth of Verticillium dahliae (isolates placed on the same position on the plate) isolates from spiral plate dilution gradient assay on non-fungicide amended plate (A), difenoconazole plate (B) and fludioxonil (C). Table of Contents106 Appendix I Table of Contents107 Table of Contents108 Table of Contents109 Table of Contents110 Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Silver Scurf; Helminthosporium solani N. Rosenzweig, and P. Somohano Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 In-vitro sensitivity distributions of Helminthosporium solani isolates to sedaxane, solatenol, difenoconazole and fludioxonil from potato 2017 Silver scurf caused by Helminthosporium solani is a persistent problem for potato production and is of particular importance in temperate regions. Additionally, the disease is common in potato seed tubers and can become an issue in storage. For example, in Michigan where 70% of potato production is for chip stock the ability to store potatoes for longer is particularly important. Moreover, growers are able to store potatoes for longer periods, which may exacerbate marketability problems associated with silver scurf. Therefore, effective chemistries for management of the disease in storage is essential. Additionally, determining the risk of reduced sensitivity to available products labeled for silver scurf will increase the long- term efficacy of these fungicides. Sample collection and geographical origin of isolates: Isolates of H. solani were collected from harvested potatoes in 2016 and obtained from culture collections of collaborating universities. A total of 73 isolates were used in the study. Isolates from harvested stored potatoes were collected from potatoes grown in the following potato production states: Idaho (23 isolates), Michigan (9 isolates), Oregon (30 isolates), and Wisconsin (11 isolates). Representative tubers were randomly selected from potato storages, lightly washed to remove soil, and placed into standard 5 kg capacity wicket poly bags with several rows of 7 mm diameter holes that are used to market fresh potatoes. The bags were placed into boxes and stored for 3 weeks at 20°C in the dark to promote sporulation. Boxes and bags were opened weekly and tubers lightly moistened with water using a standard hand-pump spray bottle to maintain relative humidity near 100 %. Monoconidial isolates from individual tubers were obtained by sub-culturing a single conidium of H. solani onto clarified V8 (CV8) media amended with CaCO3 (900 ml of distilled H2O, 100 ml of CV8, 15 g of Bacto Agar, and 1.5 g of CaCO3). In vitro sensitivity by gradient plating of Helminthosporium solani isolates to sedaxane, solatenol, difenoconazole and fludioxonil: Difenoconazole, solatenol, sedaxane, and fludioxonil stock solutions of 10,000 mg/liter of each fungicide are prepared by dissolving commercial-grade fungicides in a sterile solvent. 50 ml of CV8 agar was poured into each dish, to form a layer of CV8 agar with a known constant volume, thus when a stock solution is added to the agar results in a gradient from 0 to 1000 ppm across the surface. A method using a spiral gradient plater (Figures 1 and 2) was used to determine effective concentration in inhibiting growth by 50% (EC50). Pure cultures H. solani were prepared as described above. Conidial suspensions are prepared by flooding colony Petri dishes with 200 mL distilled water and scraping the conidia free from the surface with a rubber policeman. The conidial suspension (10 mL) was spread across the fungicide gradient plate from edge to center. Isolates were incubated for 2 weeks, at 24°C (two replications). The point coordinates at which the colonies start and end was recorded and entered into a software program, which calculates the EC50 for each isolate for each of the fungicides. Table of Contents111 Results The mean EC50 values were estimated for each of the fungicides listed above. A total of 26, 33, 33, and 34 isolates were screened against the fungicides difenoconazole, solatenol, sedaxane, and fludioxonil respectively (Table 1). For difenoconazole, solatenol, sedaxane, and fludioxonil the mean EC50 values were 13.91, 9.48, 9.68, and 45.82 respectively (Table 1). The distribution of Helminthosporium solani isolate sensitivity in EC50 values (mg/L) for all fungicides tested ranged from <1 to >100 (Table 1 and Figure 3). Ongoing and future directions: Currently we are comparing the accuracy and precision of the spiral gradient method to traditional dilution agar plating in determining fungicide sensitivity. We have recovered additional isolates from potatoes in storage from the 2016 growing season that will be tested for sensitivity to difenoconazole, solatenol, sedaxane, and fludioxonil. Additionally, we will collect isolates stored from the 2017 growing season that we will test for sensitivity to difenoconazole, solatenol, sedaxane, and fludioxonil. Table 1. Comparison of mean effective concentration in growth by 50% (EC50) for isolates of Helminthosporium solani to difenoconazole, solatenol, sedaxane, and fludioxonil. FRACb code Total # of isolates Mean (s.e.)c Minimum Maximum EC50 (mg/L)a 13.91  4.3 9.48  6.5 9.68  3.61 45.82  8.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 77.64 105.00 65.88 105.00 26 33 33 34 Active ingredient Difenoconazole Solatenol Sedaxane Fludioxonil 3 7 7 12 a EC50 values determined for two replications based on mean effective concentration in growth by 50% by spiral gradient dilution method b FRAC=Fungicide Resistance Action Committee group name based on chemical relatedness and mode of action c s.e.=standard error of the mean Table of Contents112 A B C Figure 1. Growth of Helminthosporium solani (isolates placed on the same position on the plate) isolates from spiral plate dilution gradient assay on non-fungicide amended plate (A), solatenol plate (B) and sedaxane (C). Table of Contents113 A B C Figure 1. Growth of Helminthosporium solani (isolates placed on the same position on the plate) isolates from spiral plate dilution gradient assay on non-fungicide amended plate (A), difenoconazole plate (B) and fludioxonil (C). Table of Contents114 % y c n e u q e r f e t a l o s I 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 <1 (1-5) DFZ STL SDX FDL (50-100) >100 (5-10) (10-50) EC50 (mg/L) category Figure 3. Frequency distributions of in vitro sensitivity of Helminthosporium solani isolates collected in 2016 from potato tubers. Sensitivity expressed as 50% inhibition of fungal growth (EC50) in vitro, fungicide concentration estimate based determined by the spiral gradient dilution method. Difenoconazole=DFZ; solatenol=STL; sedaxane=SDX and fludioxonil=FDL. Table of Contents115 Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Verticillium wilt; Verticillium dahliae N. Rosenzweig, and P. Somohano Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 In vitro assay to assess efficacy of fluopyram for inhibition of Verticillium dahliae conidial germination 2017 Verticillium wilt caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae is an annual production concern for potato growers in Michigan and throughout the USA. Levels of V. dahliae colony forming units (CFU) in the soil have a direct correlation with level of observed disease severity in above ground plant parts, so managing CFU in the soil is the common practice in commercial potato production. Historically, growers have relied on strict soil fumigation regimes to decrease V. dahliae propagules in the soil, but these soil fumigation programs can be cost prohibitive. Furthermore, the negative impact that these fumigants can have on the environment, coupled with growing concern over their impact on beneficial microorganisms in the soil has led to an increased focus on the development of alternative management strategies for Verticillium wilt. The results of experimental field trials from 2013-2016 (Appendix 1) provided baseline information on the effects of several commercially available fungicides and their ability to manage Verticillium wilt of potato. Initial comparison of seven fungicides found that pyramethanil + fluopyram (Luna Tranquility, Bayer CropScience) when applied in-furrow at planting significantly decreased disease severity and CFU in the stem were reduced but had no effect on CFU units in the soil. Similarly, applying pyramethanil + fluopyram at emergence may decrease disease severity and CFU in the stem. Whether these results are due to inhibition of V. dahliae in the stem by pyramethanil + fluopyram or a reduction of root-lesion nematodes (RLN) in the soil are yet to be elucidated. Though the cause of the reduction in CFU in the stem and disease severity is not yet known, it is apparent that pyramethanil + fluopyram is useful in managing Verticillium wilt. The objective of this study is to determine if the effect of pyramethanil + fluopyram on microsclerotial germination in vitro is contributing to the observed control of Verticillium wilt in the field. Sample collection and geographical origin of isolates: Isolates of V. dahliae were collected from soil in Michigan and obtained from culture collections of collaborating universities. A total of 8 isolates were used in the study. Isolates were received from the following potato production states: Idaho (1 isolate), Michigan (2 isolates), North Dakota (4 isolates), and Washington (1 isolates). Monoconidial isolates were obtained by sub-culturing a single conidium of V. dahliae onto Czapek-Dox Agar. In vitro sensitivity by gradient plating of Verticillium dahliae isolates to fluopyram: Fluopyram solutions of 10,000 mg/liter were prepared by dissolving commercial-grade fungicides in a sterile solvent. 50 ml of Czapek-Dox Agar was poured into each dish, to form a layer of agar with a known constant volume, thus when a stock solution is added to the agar results in a gradient from 0 to 1000 mg/liter across the surface. A method using a spiral gradient plater (Figures 1 and 2) was used to determine effective concentration in inhibiting growth by 50% (EC50). Pure cultures of V. dahliae were prepared as described above and used in sensitivity assays. Conidial suspensions were prepared by flooding colony Petri dishes with 200 mL distilled water and scraping the conidia free from the surface with a rubber policeman. The conidial suspension (10 mL) was spread across the fungicide gradient plate from edge to Table of Contents116 center. The point coordinates at which the colonies start and end was recorded and entered into a software program, which calculates the EC50 for each isolate. Results: The mean EC50 values were estimated for each of the isolates. A total of 8 isolates that were screened against fluopyram showed no response to the fungicide (Table 1). While there was no response to fluopyram insofar as the sensitivity of each isolate, there was an observable isolate dependent difference in the formation of microsclerotia in-vitro (Figure 1). This is of note because of the impact of both colonization within the potato plant and due to the persistence of microsclerotia in the soil and their role as primary inoculum for Verticillium wilt on potatoes. Ongoing and future directions: Currently we are comparing the accuracy and precision of the spiral gradient method to traditional dilution agar plating in determining fungicide sensitivity. We will use the same isolates used in the spiral planting assay to test for sensitivity to fluopyram. Additionally, further testing of the ability to produce and the viability of mircosclerotia on fluopyram amended agar may be warranted. Future research should attempt to understand the temporal effect that pyramethanil + fluopyram is having on RLN and whether this interaction is contributing to a decrease in Verticillium wilt symptoms when pyramethanil + fluopyram is applied to potato in-furrow and at emergence. Table 1. Comparison of mean effective concentration in growth by 50% (EC50) for isolates of Verticillium dahliae to fluopyram. Isolate 49.B.2010 UM1 UM2 H5 MN3D V1 V3 V18 Origin WA ND ND ND ND MI MI MI EC50 (mg/L)a 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 a EC50 values determined for two replications based on mean effective concentration in growth by 50% by spiral gradient dilution method. Table of Contents117 A B Figure 1. Growth of Verticillium dahliae (isolates placed on the same position on the plate) from spiral plate dilution gradient assay on non-fungicide amended plate (A) and fluopyram plate (B). Table of Contents118 Potato (Solanum tuberosum) ‘Snowden’ Potato Common Scab; Streptomyces spp. N. Rosenzweig, J. Calogero and S. Mambetova Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 In-furrow safety of Omega 500F and foliar treatment programs for control of potato common scab- Clarksville 2017 A field trial was established 9 Jun (latitude 42°52'26.68"N and longitude - 85°15'10.23"W) at the Clarksville Research Center, Clarksville MI to evaluate selected in-furrow and foliar fungicide programs for safety of Omega 500 F and control of potato common scab (Table 1). US#1 ‘Snowden’ tubers were mechanically cut into approximately 2 oz seed pieces 1 Jun and allowed to heal before planting. These trials were conducted using potato cultivar ‘Snowden’ due to its susceptibility to common scab and its commercial use throughout the state of Michigan and the Midwestern US potato growing region. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used for the experiment, with each plot consisting of four 50-ft-long rows spaced 34 in. apart with tubers 10 in. apart in the row. A 5 ft non-planted alley separated the four-row beds. Fertilizer was drilled into plots before planting, formulated according to results of soil tests. Additional nitrogen (final N 28 lb/A) was applied to the growing crop with irrigation 45 DAP (days after planting). In- furrow, at-planting applications of fungicide were delivered in 8 pt water/A in a 7 in band using a single XR11003VS nozzle at 30 psi. All experimental foliar treatments were band applied with a hand-held R&D spray boom delivering 10 gal/A (50 p.s.i.) and using one XR8002VR nozzle per row. Weeds were controlled by cultivation and with Dual 8E at 2 pt/A 10 DAP, Basagran at 2 pt/A 20 and 40 DAP and Poast at 1.5 pt/A 58 DAP. Insects were controlled with Admire Pro Systemic Pro 7 oz/A, Sevin 80S at 1.25 lb/A 31 and 55 DAP, Thiodan 3 EC at 2.33 pt/A 65 and 87 DAP and Pounce 3.2EC at 8 oz/A 48 DAP. Vines were killed with Reglone 2EC on 28 Sep. Plant stand was rated 24, 28, 33 and 38 days after planting (DAP) and relative rate of emergence was calculated as the Relative Area Under the Emergence Progress Curve [RAUEPC from 0–38 DAP, maximum value = 100]. Vine vigor was assessed on a 1-10 scale 38 DAP. Plots (1 x 50-ft row) were machine-harvested on 27 Oct (140 DAP) and individual treatments were weighed and graded. The number of total, marketable and oversize tubers per plant was calculated. Incidence of common scab was recorded from a sample of 100 tubers/plot and severity of common scab was measured as surface area affected (1=1 lesion to 1%; 2= 1.1-10%; 3=10.1-20%; 4= 20.1-30%; 5= > 50% surface area). The number in each class is multiplied by the class number and summed. The sum is multiplied by a constant to express as a percentage. Increasing index values indicated the degree of severity. Severity of common scab (Streptomyces spp.) was rated 140 days after planting (DAP). Data was analyzed using ANOVA and differences among treatments were determined using mean separation with Fisher’s Protected LSD. Meteorological Data Meteorological variables were measured with a Campbell weather station located at the farm from 1 Jun to the end of Sept. Average daily air temperature (ºF) was 67.8, 70.6, 66.6, and 66.6 (Jun, Jul, Aug and Sep respectively) and the number of days with maximum temperature >90ºF over the same period was 0 for each month except Sep with 5 days. Average daily relative humidity (%) over the same period was 65.8, 69.6, 71.1 and 71.6. Average daily soil temperature at 4” depth (oF) over the same period was 58.1, 69.4, 71.3, 70.2 and 71.6. Average daily soil moisture at 4” depth (% of field capacity) over the same period was 35.2, 36.6, 36.0, and 31.2. Precipitation (in.) over the same period was 5.71, 2.27, 2.98, and 0.0”. Plots were irrigated to supplement precipitation to about 0.1 in./A/4 day period overhead sprinkle irrigation. Results The 2017 growing season provided environmental extremes of excessive moisture early in the season and moisture stress at other times. However, a prolonged period of unusually dry weather continuing from early Jul to mid-Aug is typically conducive to scab development particularly during tuber initiation. No treatments were significantly different in percent plant emergence, rate of emergence (RAUEPC), vine vigor, incidence Table of Contents119 and severity of common scab (%), total and marketable yield in hundred- weight per acre, and total and marketable number of tubers per plant. The in-furrow treatment with a low rate of Omega 500F (0.88 pt/A) had significantly lower yield of oversize tubers (CWT) and lower number of B-size and oversize tubers per plant compared to the higher rate (1.77 pt/A). No phytotoxicity was observed from any treatments. The particular soil type (Lapeer sandy loam) in the plots did not provide a scab conducive soil environment, which possibly contributed to low scab incidence and severity than expected. Further experimental field trials on efficacy of scab control should be conducted on more sandy soil. Table of Contents120 Table 1. Effects of foliar treatments on percent plant emergence, rate of emergence, vine vigor, incidence and severity of common scab, total and marketable yield in hundred-weight per acre, and total and marketable number of tubers per plant. Potato Common Scab Severity (%)e 140 DAP Potato Common Scab Incidence 140 DAP Yield (CWT)f # of tubers/plantf Total US #1 B Size Oversize Total US #1 B Size Oversize RAUEPCc 0 – 38 DAP Vigord 38 DAP Plant standa 38 DAPb (%) Treatment, rate and application time Emesto Silver 0.31 fl oz/CWT seed treatment Quadris Top 6.0 fl oz/A at wk. 4 Bravo WS 1.5 pt/A at wks. 5,7,8,10,12 Revus Top 7.0 fl oz/A at wks. 6,9 Luna Tranquility 11.2 fl oz/A at wks. 11,14,15 91.0 0.54 8.5 20.7 56.3 267.2 178.0 73.7 15.5 ab 5.4 1.8 0.46 ab 0.12 ab 96.3 18.3 54.5 0.55 8.0 229.6 142.6 CruiserMaxx 0.31 fl oz/CWT seed treatment Omega 0.88 pt/A in-furrow Quadris Top 8.0 fl oz/A at wk. 4 Bravo WS 1.5 pt/A at wks. 5,7,8,10,12 Revus Top 7.0 fl oz/A at wk. 6,9 Luna Tranquility 11.2 fl oz/A at wks. 11,14,15 CruiserMaxx 0.31 fl oz/CWT seed treatment Omega 1.77 pt/A in-furrow Quadris Top 8.0 fl oz/A at wk. 4 Bravo WS 1.5 pt/A at wks. 5,7,8,10,12 Revus Top 7.0 fl oz/A at wk. 6,9 Luna Tranquility 11.2 fl oz/A at wks. 11,14,15 a Plant stand expressed as a percentage of the target population of 120 plants/100ft. row from a sample of 1 x 50 ft rows per plot. b DAP = days after planting. c Relative area under the emergence progress curve from planting to 38 days after planting. d Vine vigor rated on a scale of 1-10. e Severity of common scab was measured as surface area affected (1=1 lesion to 1%; 2= 1.1-10%; 3=10.1-20%; 4= 20.1-30%; 5= > 50% surface area). f Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.10, LSD).  0.51 b 10.1 b 0.43 a 23.8 a 155.3 236.8 4.2 1.7 4.7 1.7 76.9 94.1 0.56 7.0 16.7 54.3 57.8 0.07 b 0.16 a Table of Contents121 Potato (Solanum tuberosum) "Snowden" Potato Common Scab; Streptomyces spp. N. Rosenzweig, K. Steinke, A. Chomas, C.Long, and S. Mambetova Plant, Soil and Mircobial Sciences Michinga State Univeristy East Lansing, MI 48824 Crop rotations and organic amendments to reduce soil-borne disease severity- Entrican 2017 A field trial was established 8 Jun (43°21'9.24"N and longitude - 85°10'34.61"W) at the Montcalm Research Center, Entrican MI to crop rotations and organic amendments to reduce soil-borne disease severity (Table 1). US#1 ‘Snowden’ tubers were mechanically cut into approximately 2 oz seed pieces 1 Jun and allowed to heal before planting. These trials were conducted using potato cultivar ‘Snowden’ due to its susceptibility to common scab and its commercial use throughout the state of Michigan and the Midwestern US potato growing region. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used and plots consisted of the following treatments: 1) Potato, Potato (conventional fertilization); 2) Potato, Potato (conventional fertilization + chicken litter); 3) Potato, Potato (conventional fertilization + compost); 4) Potato, Potato (conventional fertilization + compost + chicken litter); 5) Corn, Potato (conventional fertilization); 6) Corn, Potato (conventional fertilization + chicken litter); 7) Corn, Potato (conventional fertilization + compost); and 8) Corn, Potato (conventional fertilization + compost + chicken litter). Each plot consisting of four 50-ft-long rows spaced 34 in. apart with tubers 10 in. apart in the row. A 5 ft non-planted alley separated the four-row beds. Fertilizer was drilled into plots before planting, formulated according to results of soil tests. Additional nitrogen (final N 28 lb/A) was applied to the growing crop with irrigation 45 DAP (days after planting). In- furrow, at-planting applications of fungicide were delivered in 8 pt water/A in a 7 in band using a single XR11003VS nozzle at 30 psi. Weeds were controlled by cultivation and with Dual 8E at 2 pt/A 10 DAP, Basagran at 2 pt/A 20 and 40 DAP and Poast at 1.5 pt/A 58 DAP. Insects were controlled with Admire Pro Systemic Pro 7 oz/A, Sevin 80S at 1.25 lb/A 31 and 55 DAP, Thiodan 3 EC at 2.33 pt/A 65 and 87 DAP and Pounce 3.2EC at 8 oz/A 48 DAP. Vines were killed with Reglone 2EC on 21 Sep. Plant stand was rated 24 days after planting (DAP) and percent emergence was calculated. Plots (1 x 50- ft row) were machine-harvested on 5 Oct (119 DAP) and individual treatments were weighed and graded. The number of total, marketable and oversize tubers per plant was calculated. Incidence of common scab was recorded from a sample of 50 tubers/plot and severity of common scab was measured as surface area affected (1=1 lesion to 1%; 2= 1.1-10%; 3=10.1-20%; 4= 20.1-30%; 5= > 50% surface area). The number in each class is multiplied by the class number and summed. The sum is multiplied by a constant to express as a percentage. Increasing index values indicated the degree of severity. Severity of common scab (Streptomyces spp.) was rated 119 days after planting (DAP). Data was analyzed using ANOVA and differences among treatments were determined using mean separation with Fisher’s Protected LSD. Meteorological Data Meteorological variables were measured with a Campbell weather station located at the farm from 1 May to the end of Sept. Average daily air temperature (ºF) was 55.0, 68.5, 69.8, 64.9 and 63.5 (May, Jun, Jul, Aug and Sep respectively) and the number of days with maximum temperature >90ºF over the same period was 0 for each month except Sep with 5 days. Average daily relative humidity (%) over the same period was 68.0, 74.6, 74.0, 75.2 and 73.4. Average daily soil temperature at 4 in. depth (oF) over the same period was 58.1, 69.4, 71.3, 70.2 and 69.8. Average daily soil moisture at 4 in. depth (% of field capacity) over the same period was 12.4, 14.0, 9.4, 6.7 and 7.3. Precipitation (in.) over the same period was 1.98, 6.37, 0.92, 1.36 and 0.7”. Plots were irrigated to supplement precipitation to about 0.1 in./A/4 d period with overhead sprinkle irrigation. Results The 2017 growing season provided environmental extremes of excessive moisture early in the season and moisture stress at other times. However, a prolonged period of unusually dry weather continuing from early Jul to mid-Aug is typically conducive to scab development particularly during tuber initiation. No treatments were significantly different in total and US#1 yield in hundred-weight per acre (CWT) and severity of common scab Table of Contents122 (Table 1). The treatments with significantly lower CWT yield of B-size tubers were potato, potato (conventional fertilization + compost) and potato, potato (conventional fertilization + compost + chicken litter) but were not significantly different from potato, potato (conventional fertilization + chicken litter) (Table 1). The treatment with significantly lower scab incidence was potato, potato (conventional fertilization) but was not significantly different from potato, potato (conventional fertilization + compost) (Table 1). The treatment with significantly higher emergence (%) was potato, potato (conventional fertilization + compost) compared to one treatment potato, potato (conventional fertilization + compost + chicken litter) (Table 1). Table 1. Effects long-term rotational potato crop management treatments on percent plant emergence, incidence and severity of common scab, total and marketable yield in hundred-weight per acre. 119 (DAP)a,b,c Yield (CWT)d Scab Scab % 113.8 146.8 63.8 100 a 75.5 Rate 126.8 57.4 68.1 78.7 a 79.0 b 95.4ab Total US #1 B Size Incidence Severitye 69.4 ab Emergence Treatment Potatoes, PPPP Inorganic MAP 11-52-0, 120 lb ai/A K2O 0-0-62, 150 lb ai/A AS 21-0-0-24, 66 lb ai/A Urea 46-0-0, 134 lb ai/A Potatoes, PPPP Organic Herbrucks, 2 ton/A AS 21-0-0-24, 40 lb ai/A Urea 46-0-0, 80 lb ai/A Potatoes, PPPP Inorganic MAP 11-52-0, 120 lb ai/A K2O 0-0-62, 150 lb ai/A AS 21-0-0-24, 66 lb ai/A Urea 46-0-0, 134 lb ai/A Compost, 1 ton/A Potatoes, PPPP Organic Herbrucks, 2 ton/A AS 1-0-0-24, 40 lb ai/A Urea 46-0-0, 80 lb ai/A Compost, 1 ton/A a Rotation treatments included: 1) Potato, Potato (conventional fertilization); 2) Potato, Potato (conventional fertilization + chicken litter); 3) Potato, Potato (conventional fertilization + compost); 4) Potato, Potato (conventional fertilization + compost + chicken litter). b DAP=days after planting c Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.10, LSD). d Yield in hundred-weight per acre e Severity of common scab was measured as surface area affected (1=1 lesion to 1%; 2= 1.1-10%; 3=10.1-20%; 4= 20.1- 30%; 5= > 50% surface area). 93.4 ab 62.7a b 95.4ab 55.0 58.8 b 124.2 61.5 99.7 a 76.7 62.6 95.8a 90.8b Table of Contents123 Progress report for 2017 Research Grant from Michigan Potato Industry Commission Project Title: Building climate variability into models that forecast pest pressure on potato and developing strategies for managing potato pests in the face of extreme weather Principal Investigators William C. Wetzel, Assistant Professor, wcwetzel@msu.edu Zsofia Szendrei, Associate Professor, szendrei@msu.edu Department of Entomology, Michigan State University Summary of Problem Models that forecast insect pest pressure are key tools that support decision making in pest management. These models turn biological knowledge and weather data into predictions that allow growers to anticipate pest pressure and stop pest outbreaks before they begin1. For example, in Michigan one of the key platforms for forecasting models is Michigan State University’s EnviroWeather (enviroweather.msu.edu), which has freely available models that forecast pest pressure on field, fruit, nursery, and vegetable crops, including potato. These models are currently not built to account for extreme weather events like heat waves, which are becoming more common and more intense in Michigan and around the world2,3. If pest forecast models are not updated to include the biological effects of extreme events, then they will become inaccurate, making pest management more difficult and costly. A growing number of studies have examined the effects of increasing temperatures on crops and insect pests, but such studies have only examined small increases in temperature averages4. Such studies have overlooked the potentially more important effects of heat waves on crops and insect pests5. We conducted a series of experiments using potato and Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata; CPB) where we subjected potato and/or CPB to heat waves at different times during the potato life cycle and tracked potato growth, potato yield, CPB defoliation, CPB survival, and CPB growth. Methods The colony of CPB used for the experiments are descendants of wild individuals collected from Michigan potato fields. The colony was raised on Solanum tuberosum (cv. Atlantic) and eggs were collected and hatched as needed. We conducted a series of experiments in environmental growth chambers from July 2017 through January 2018. For each experiment, we planted certified seed potatoes (cv. Atlantic) into 450 ml round green pots and started them in two BioChambers FxC19 environmental chambers set to mimic average early summer conditions in Southern Michigan: 16 hours of daylight, daytime temperature of 26 C, 8 hours of dark, nighttime temperature of 14 C, with a two-hour ramp between temperature changes. Humidity was set at 40% and fan speed was at 75% for both chambers. Light levels were measured and balanced at 170 µmol m-² s-¹ using an apogee quantum flux light meter. We simulated heat wave conditions by moving plants to a second, otherwise identical chamber set to a maximum daily temperature of 40 C and a nighttime temperature of 26 C for four days. Other conditions were kept constant. After heat waves, plants were moved back to the original chamber. Table of Contents124 The factorial heat wave-CPB experiment—In the first experiment we report below, we examined the separate and combined effects of a heat wave event and CPB defoliation on potato growth and yield, and simultaneously examined the effects of a heat wave event on CPB survival and growth. In this experiment, we grew 134 potato plants until they were 46 days old and added one first instar CPB larva each to half of all plants. Then on day 49, half of the plants with a CPB larva and half of the insect-free plants were moved to heat wave conditions (described above). We ran the experiment until surviving CPB finished feeding and dug down into the soil for pupation, which occurred as potato plants were flowering. At the end of the experiment, we measured plant height, plant developmental stage, potato yield, CPB developmental stage, and CPB mass. We also collected leaf tissue to analyze for protease inhibitor activity, a key defense against insect pests and saved CPB bodies to analyze for lipid content, a key measure of beetle health that is related to beetle fecundity. We are currently in the process of completing the lab work for these analyses. We analyzed all normally distributed response variables using linear mixed effects models and survival response variables using a binomial generalized linear mixed effects model. All models with CPB response variables included a random effect to account for correlations among larvae from the same clutch. Heat wave timing experiment—In the second experiment we report below, we examined how the effects of heat waves on potato production and interactions between potato growth and CPB defoliation depend on the seasonal timing of a heat wave. We grew 153 potato plants in growth chambers as described above and randomly assigned 51 to a control temperature treatment, 51 to an early heat wave treatment, and 51 to a late heat wave treatment. For the early heat wave treatment, we moved plants to a chamber with heat wave conditions for four days starting when they were 39 days old. For the late heat wave treatment, we did the same but when plants were 53 days old. Then when all plants were 60 days old and after the end of the heat wave treatments, we randomly assigned half of the plants in each control or heat wave treatment group to receive a first instar CPB larva. At the end of the experiment, we measured plant height, plant developmental stage, potato yield, CPB developmental stage, and CPB mass; and we collected leaf tissue and CPB tissue for analysis of protease inhibitor activity and lipid content. Again, the analyses for those last two measurements are still in progress (to be completed in spring 2018). We analyzed all normally distributed response variables using linear mixed effects models and survival response variables using a binomial generalized linear mixed effects model. All models with CPB response variables included a random effect to account for correlations among larvae from the same clutch. Field experiments—A key component of our work on this project was developing experimental methods for subjecting potato plants to realistic heat wave conditions in the field. Previous studies on thermal plant biology have used infrared heaters to examine the responses of plants to small, long lasting temperature increases. No studies, to our knowledge, have examined the responses of plants, growing normally in the field, to experimental heat wave conditions of extremely high temperatures. We spent a major proportion of the summer working with an electrician building infrared heaters capable of heating small plots of plants to 40 C for several days. To ensure that we were producing conditions that mimicked realistic Michigan heat waves, we used data loggers to track temperature and humidity. Below we present data showing that we are able to create realistic heat wave conditions. We plan to use these methods on potatoes in the field in summer 2018. Table of Contents125 Results and Discussion Factorial heat wave-CPB experiment—We found that potato plants subject to experimental heat wave events and CPB damage had 18 % reductions in potato tuber yield on average (Fig. 1). These effects, however, were not statistically significant (F = 2.1, df = 2, P = 0.13), and we are currently repeating this experiment to see if the trend is real. If this reduction in yield holds, it would be especially surprising because it occurred even though the heat events cut CPB survival in half (χ2 = 9.0, df = 1, P = 0.003) (Fig. 2). These results suggest that heat wave events may reduce CPB densities in the field by killing larvae, but that heat waves may also reduce potato yield directly and indirectly by increasing susceptibility to beetles that survive the heat wave events. This suggests that the net effect of heat waves on potato production and interactions between potato plants and insect pests may depend on the details of how and when heat waves occur, which is the subject of our second experiment. ) g ( l d e y i o a t t o P 17 16 15 14 13 12 control CPB control heatwave control heatwave Temperature Fig. 1. Potato yield from plants with or without Colorado potato beetle damage and with or without a 4-day heatwave. Yield is reduced by heatwaves, CPB damage, and both. Points and lines show means and ±1 SE. ) % ( l i a v v r u s B P C 40 30 20 control heatwave Temperature Fig. 2. Beetles that experience a 4-day heatwave have reduced survival. Points and lines show means and ±1 SE. Heat wave timing experiment—In this experiment we subjected potato plants to no heat wave, an early heat wave (day 39), or a late heat wave (day 53), and then on day 60, after all heat wave treatments were over and while plants were beginning to flower, we randomly assigned half of the plants in each temperature treatment to receive one first instar larva. We found that Table of Contents126 heat waves and CPB defoliation had important interactive effects on potato yield (F = 7.6, df = 5, P < 0.0001) (Fig. 3). In the absence of CPB, heat waves of either timing led to 22.0% reductions in potato yield. Surprisingly, the addition of CPB led to different opposite effects on control plants and heat wave plants. CPB damage actually increased potato yield 26.3%, which was in contrast to the negative effect we found of CPB damage on potato yield in the factorial heat wave-CPB experiment (above). We hypothesize that this counterintuitive result emerged because we only added CPB to plants at the end of the potato life cycle when potatoes had already begun tuber growth. Foliar damage at this time may have simply further encouraged potatoes to store energy belowground in tubers. In the factorial heat wave-CPB experiment (above), we added CPB to plants before tuber production and CPB damage led to lower yield as expected. In this experiment, however, the positive effect of late CPB damage on yield was offset by large reductions in yield when plants also experienced heat waves: 44.6% yield reductions for plants that experienced late CPB damage and an early heat wave and 64.4% yield reductions for plants that experienced late CPB damage and a late heat wave. These results indicate that late season CPB damage, during tuber formation, actually benefits potato yield, whereas heat wave events, regardless of their timing, cause small reductions in yield in the absence of CPB damage. When plants experience heat waves and late season CPB damage, however, yield is dramatically lower, especially when heat waves also come near the end of the growth season. The key implication is that heat wave events can change the effect of a small amount of CPB damage at the end of the season from having a slight positive effect on yield to having a dramatic negative effect on yield. This finding suggests that potato plants have a difficult time coping with the dual stressors of heat waves and late-season CPB damage. Fig. 3. Potato yield (sqrt g) from plants that experienced control temperature conditions, an early heat wave (HW), or a late heat wave. After the late heat wave, half of the plants in each heat wave treatment received one first instar CPB larva. Small grey points show results for individual plants. Large black points and lines show group means and ±1 SE. The interaction between heat wave treatments and CPB damage is significant (F = 7.6, df = 5, P < 0.0001). Table of Contents127 Field experiments—We found that by adjusting the parameters of our infrared heaters (e.g., wattage, distance between heater and plot) we were able to heat plots in the field in July-August approximately 15-20 °F above ambient conditions: daytime temperatures from approximately the low 80s °F to around 100 °F and nighttime temperatures from approximately 50-60 °F to around 70-75 °F. We ran tests of our heaters repeatedly at different times during the summer in different weather conditions and found similar heating results (one example is shown in Fig. 4). These temperatures are representative of a rare heat wave in Southern Michigan over the last century, but such events are predicted to become more common. Thus, these trial runs indicate that our heaters are achieving the type of heating that is needed for experiments on the consequences of heat waves. A key next step in this project is subjecting potato plants to heat wave treatments in the field at the scale of a large field experiment. Having the ability to create heat waves in the field will allow us to see if the results of our growth chamber studies hold up under more natural field conditions. Moreover, conducting heat treatments in the field, as opposed to growth chambers, will let us work with much larger plants and larger populations of insect pests and ask questions on larger and more agriculturally relevant scales. Fig. 4. Temperature in a plot subjected to a two-day simulated heat wave in the field (“Heated”) and in an unheated (“Control”) plot nearby but outside the range of the heaters. We ran this test repeatedly at different dates under different weather conditions and found similar results. References 1. Prasad, Y. G. & Prabhakar, M. in Integrated Pest Management: Principles and Practice (eds. Abrol, D. P. & Shankar, U.) 41–57 (CAB International, 2012). 2. Easterling, D. R. et al. Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts. Science. 289, 2068–2074 (2000). 3. Meehl, G. A. & Tebaldi, C. More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century. Science. 305, 994–997 (2004). 4. Bale, J. S. et al. Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores. Glob. Chang. Biol. 8, 1–16 (2002). 5. Colinet, H., Sinclair, B. J., Vernon, P. & Renault, D. Insects in Fluctuating Thermal Environments. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 60, 123–140 (2015). Table of Contents128 Report on Michigan Potato Industry Commission Proposal 2017 Remote sensing to quantify spatial variability of crop nitrogen (N) status and optimize N fertilizer in potato fields Bruno Basso, Ph.D. University Foundation Professor Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences Michigan State University Basso’s lab members who collaborated on this project: Bernardo Maestrini, Richard Price, Lydia Rill, Ruben Ulbrich, Olivia Davidson, Michael Metiva, Greg Putman, Massimo Tolomio, and Alessio Pisanu. Objectives The main objective is to capture N status of the potato crop during the season and apply optimal N fertilizer catered to the spatial and temporal variability measured from historical yield monitor information. Adequate N supplied to the crop can be matched with demand in order to increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) that enhances sustainability, leading to great profitability to the grower. Specific research objectives in field experiments • Monitor in-season spatial variation of potato growth and N status using UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), and airborne thermal imagery; Examine relationships between spectral reflectance and crop yield at the field scale. • Field Experiments Our collaboration with Main Farms, Inc. in Trufant, Michigan had two fields for study during the growing season of 2017. The two fields for study were: MV2 and S2. Table 1 Field MV2 S2 Cropping History Corn-Soybean-Wheat-Potato-Peas Corn-Soybean-Wheat-Potato-Peas Field Size (acres) 140.7 115.4 Objective 1 Methodology In order to monitor spatial variation of potato growth, we first needed to create a yield stability map from the field’s cropping history using yield monitor data. Corn yield maps were collected from MV2 for three years: 2011, 2014, and 2015 (Figure 1). For S2, 5 years of yield maps were collected: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, and 2015 (Figure 2). Additional years of data, including more than one crop, provide a greater understanding of the inherent spatial variability in the field. Table of Contents129 Our robust analysis of yield stability has been standardized to work across many different crop yield distributions. Yield stability zones created by historical analysis of yield monitor data led a greater understanding of differentiating zones throughout the grower’s field. Use of these zones as experimental units provides the ability to make statistical conclusions in our analysis of various measurements. For in-season monitoring of N, we used UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) and airborne imagery to detect changes in the field throughout the growing season. Five vegetation indices were created from UAV imagery: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (Figure 3), normalized difference red edge (NDRE) (Figure 4), canopy chlorophyll cover index (CCCI) (Figure 5), green normalized difference index (GNDVI) (Figure 6) and weighted difference vegetation index (WDVI) (Figure 7). Multiple WDVI images were analyzed to calculate ground cover (GC) and their rate of change over time (Figure 8). Results Remote sensing images are directly correlated with yield stability zones in the early growing season (June 16). Further along in the growing season, 2.5 weeks later, the relationship balanced due to additional N uniformly applied over the field (Figure 9). The WDVI shows that there is potential to decrease N application in the high and stable yield stability zone because it was not limited by N in the field. Thermal imagery was captured 7 times during the growing season. Multiple images were taken when the center pivot irrigator was actively running in the field, which distorted the thermal reflectance. However, enough accurate images were collected to create a thermal stability map (Figure 10). Variability in thermal temperatures are related to soil depth and the amount of water in the soil profile. For irrigated fields, the soil water content does not cause problems found in non-irrigated fields, because water can be applied with greater frequency. In Figure 10, hot and stable areas appear around the edge of the field where the irrigator is unable to reach and at parts of the field where topography allows for increased evaporation from the plant, such as hilltops. Conclusions UAV images were able to determine crop N supply at early growth stages before the majority of N was applied after hilling. Our yield stability zones showed a response to the WDVI values at the timing of the first image. Each image collected, via UAV or airborne, presents a snapshot of the spatial variability displayed by the field at that particular stage of plant growth. The GC map created from UAV imagery collected at the early part of the growing season shows which parts of the field had the most growth in above-ground biomass with a very high resolution. The thermal stability map confirms areas of hot and cold temperatures and how those areas of the field may contain shallower soils influenced by sandier textures. The soil map provided by SSURGO (nrcs.usda.gov) verifies these areas as a slightly different classification of loamy sand with 0-2% slopes then other parts of the field. These areas respond differently to management, i.e. application of N, and irrigation. Analysis of all the images together to form a single index, or growth change map, provide a more detailed investigation of the variability existing in the field. Table of Contents130 Objective 2 Methodology Both fields were irrigated during the growing season, and they incurred an extreme rainfall event the week of June 18 where over 3 inches of rain fell in a 24-hr period. Large amounts of N were most likely flushed out of the system following the N application at hilling on June 15. During this application, a single strip of reduced N (52 lb/ac) was applied the length of the field. Hand samples were dug September 12 & 14 before machine harvest took place. Results Analysis of the digs was used to create a yield map that simulated similar data created from combine yield monitors for most grain crops, like corn and wheat (Figure 11). Further analysis for N uptake and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) (Figures 12 & 13) showed similar patterns found in the yield map. In Figure 13, the reduced N strip shows the greatest NUE because the amount applied was reduced by 50% during the hilling application. When NUE was separated by yield stability zone, the trend remained with higher NUE occurring in the tactical N management strip (Figure 14). Potato yields from the hand digs showed no significant differences across stability zones. Unstable zones had the lowest yields, and the reduced N treatment (tactical zone) showed a slight increase in yield, further confirming that the reduced N did not lead to a reduction in potato yields (Figure 15). The yield stability map created after adding the 2017 potato yields (Figure 16) shows a more smoothed and normalized map where the majority of the field (116.5 acres) has fallen into the medium and stable stability zone. Conclusions Typical grain crops, i.e. corn, soybean, and wheat, are monitored with great precision utilizing yield monitor technology. Potatoes are a very high value crop, but understanding their spatial and temporal variability is difficult without the conventional approach used in grain crops. Hand digs provide the opportunity to see a more accurate representation of the field when the points are spread across multiple stability zones and varied spatially throughout the field. Most conventional methods for hand digs follows a grid sampling technique, similar to field-scale soil sampling work. This method creates concern for missing differentiation in the field where the images and historical yield monitor data show important areas of spatial variability. Our method utilized these areas to collect potato samples for yield efficiently, and this was confirmed by historical trends found in previous yield maps. Table of Contents131 Figure 1. Yield stability map of MV2 located in Trufant, MI. Figure 2. Yield stability map of S2 located in Trufant, MI. Table of Contents132 Figure 3. UAV image of NDVI collected at MV2 on June 16, 2017. Figure 4. UAV image of NDRE collected at MV2 on June 16, 2017. Table of Contents133 Figure 5. Canopy chlorophyll content index created from NDVI & NDRE images at MV2 on June 16, 2017. Figure 6. Green normalized difference vegetation index at MV2 on June 16, 2017. Table of Contents134 Figure 7. Weighted difference vegetation index created from using reflectance of bare soil images and crop cover taken on June 16, 2017 at MV2. Figure 8. Ground cover accumulated from the time between the two images, June 16 and July 3, 2017 at MV2. Table of Contents135 Figure 9. WDVI values for each stability zone taken at each flight at MV2. Figure 10. Thermal stability map made from irrigator free images over the course of the growing season at MV2. Table of Contents136 Figure 11. Potato yield map created from interpolation of yields from hand digs at MV2. Figure 12. Nitrogen uptake assuming 2% N found in tubers at MV2. Table of Contents137 Figure 13. Nitrogen use efficiency from N uptake / N applied at MV2. Figure 14. Nitrogen use efficiency in each stability zone compared to conventional management points taken adjacent in the field at MV2. Table of Contents138 Figure 15. Potato yields separated by stability zone and N treatment for MV2. Figure 16. Yield stability map recalculated using information from 2017 potato yields in MV2. Table of Contents139 Appendix of additional figures not cited in report. Figure 17. NDVI map created from the UAV on June 16, 2017 at S2. Figure 18. NDRE map created from UAV on June 6, 2017 at S2. Table of Contents140 Figure 19. Canopy chlorophyll cover index on June 6, 2017 at S2. Figure 20. GNDVI map made on June 6, 2017 at S2. Table of Contents141 Figure 21. WDVI index made on June 6, 2016 at S2. Figure 22. Ground cover difference from June 6 - July 6 at S2. Table of Contents142 Figure 23. Thermal stability map at S2. Figure 24. Yield map made from hand digs on September 14, 2017 at S2. Table of Contents143 Figure 25. N uptake map using N applied and tuber yield at S2. Figure 26. Nitrogen use efficiency map at S2. Table of Contents144 Figure 27. Stability map at S2 including 5 years of corn and 1 year of potato yield data. Table of Contents145 Nematodes and Potatoes, the Good, the Bad and How to Win the Battle Marisol Quintanilla-Tornel, Emilie Cole, and Kristin Poley Michigan State University, Entomology Department, Applied Nematology Program Potatoes are an important crop in the North Central Region and are faced with many serious fungal, nematode, and insect pest management issues. Potato Early-Die Disease Complex is the most economically important disease complex in Michigan. Our 2017 trials sought to compare different treatments for Potato Early Die complex (root lesion nematode and Verticillium wilt). We intend to continue this research and develop soil based management practices for Potato Early-Die complex. We will accomplish this through the development, evaluation, and delivery of designer composts as well as the evaluation of cross pest impacts of non-fumigant nematicides/insecticides. We will also evaluate the impact of these practices on soil biology and health. A 2017 replicated trial compared several nematicides and compost/manure treatments for Potato Early- Die disease complex control at Michigan State University’s Montcalm Research Center. There were nine treatments with five replications in a randomized block design. The treatments consisted of an untreated control, two Morgan Composting recipes at 1 ¼ tons per acre, chicken manure at 5 tons per acre, Mocap, Movento, Nematec, Nimitz, and Velum at labeled rates. Mocap had the highest total potato yield. The yield with treatments such as composts, Velum, and Movento having yields not significantly different from Mocap. Mocap yield was significantly higher than Nematec (Table and Fig. 1). Nimitz had the second lowest yield and phytotoxicity is assumed to be the cause. If the soil application of Nimitz is not directly applied to the potatoes during planting, it is assumed that the phytotoxicity effect would be reduced. Tubers damaged by Verticillium wilt, causing vascular discoloration, was lowest in the Velum treatment, which is a logical result, since Velum is both a fungicide and a nematicide (Table 2). Plant parasitic nematodes were lowest in the 2nd Compost type and Nimitz, while the control had the highest number of both root lesion and root knot nematodes. This trial will be repeated in 2018 and lab and greenhouse trials will be conducted to further investigate solutions to Potato Early-Die complex. Table of Contents146 a a a a a ab ab a b Fig. 1. Comparison of treatments for plant parasitic nematodes and Potato Early-Die disease complex on total potato yield in tons per acre. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Grouping information using the Fisher Least Significant difference method and 95% confidence. Table 1. Total yield in tons per acre of potatoes in a 2017 Michigan, Montcalm trial. Grouping Information Using the Fisher LSD Method and 95% Confidence Treatments N Mean Grouping Mocap 1 Compost Vellum Movento 2 Compost Chicken Control Nimitz Nematec Means that do not share a letter are significantly different. 5 232.739 A 5 230.948 A 5 226.022 A 5 224.360 A 5 221.348 A 5 220.637 A 5 201.650 A 5 201.447 A 5 154.162 B B B Table of Contents147 Table 2. Percent damage by Verticillium dahliae Vascular discoloration. The highest mean percent vascular discoloration was found in the first compost group and the lowest was found in Vellum. Grouping Information Using the Fisher LSD Method and 95% Confidence Treatments % Vas. Disc. Grouping 1 Compost 2 Compost Nimitz Chicken Mocap Movento Nematec Control Vellum Means that do not share a letter are significantly different. 5.6 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.2 3.4 A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B t o o R f o m a r G r e p s e d o t a m e N c i t i s a r a P t n a P l a ab ab ab b ab ab ab b 1 Compost 2 Compost Chicken Control Mocap Movento Nematec Nimitz Vellum 10 8 6 4 2 0 Fig. 2. Comparison of treatments for plant parasitic nematodes and Potato Early-Die disease complex on plant parasitic nematode numbers. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. Grouping information using the Fisher Least Significant difference method and 95% confidence. Table of Contents148 2016-2017 MICHIGAN POTATO DEMONSTRATION STORAGE ANNUAL REPORT MICHIGAN POTATO INDUSTRY COMMISSION Chris Long, Coordinator, Trina Zavislan, Anna Busch, and John Calogero Introduction and Acknowledgements Round white potato production for chip processing continues to lead the potato market in Michigan. Michigan growers continue to look for promising, new, round white varieties that meet necessary production and processing criteria. There are many variety trials underway in Michigan that are evaluating chipping varieties for yield, solids, disease resistance, desired tuber size profile and chipping quality with the hope of exhibiting the positive attributes of these lines to growers and processors. Extended storage chip quality and storability are of extreme importance in round white potato production. Therefore, any new chip processing varieties with commercialization potential will have storage profiles developed. Examining new varieties for long-term storage and processing quality keeps the Michigan chip industry at the leading edge of the snack food industry. The information in this report can position the industry to make informed decisions about the value of adopting these varieties into commercial production. The Michigan Potato Industry Commission (MPIC) Potato Demonstration Storage Facility currently consists of two structures. The first building, the Dr. B. F. (Burt) Cargill Building, constructed in 1999, allows the Michigan potato industry to generate storage and chip quality data on newly identified chip processing clones. This information helps to establish the commercial potential of new varieties. This demonstration storage facility utilizes six, 550 cwt. bulk bins (bins 1-6) that have independent ventilation systems. The Ben Kudwa Building, built in 2008, has three independently ventilated, 600 cwt. bulk bins. The first of these bulk bins, bin 7, was converted to box bin storage that holds 36, 10 cwt. box bins to provide storage profiles on early generation potato varieties. The box bin is an entry point into storage profiling that allows the industry to learn about a varieties’ physical and chemical storability before advancing to the bulk bin level. A variety is evaluated for 4-6 years before entering box bin testing. In the variety development process, little information has been collected about a varieties’ physical storability or chemical storage profile prior to being included in the box bin Table of Contents149 trial. A storage profile consists of bi-weekly sampling of potatoes to obtain; sucrose and glucose levels, and chip color and defect values. In addition, we evaluate each variety for weight loss or shrinkage and pressure bruise. With this information, we can create the storage profile of a variety, providing the industry with a clearer picture of where a line can or cannot be utilized in the snack food industry. The Michigan potato industry hopes to use these storage profiles to improve in areas such as long-term storage quality, deliverability of product and, ultimately, sustained market share. The two remaining 600 cwt. bulk bins in the second structure are used to evaluate the post- harvest physiology of potatoes. The facility can be used to evaluate storage pathology or sprout inhibitor products. The Michigan industry recognizes the importance of controlling disease and sprout development in storage and is committed to doing research in these areas. This fifteenth annual Demonstration Storage Report contains the results of the storage work conducted in the facility during the 2016-2017 storage season. Section I, “2016-2017 New Chip Processing Variety Box Bin Report”, contains the results and highlights from our 10 cwt. box bin study. Section II, “2016-2017 Bulk Bin (500 cwt. bin) Report”, shows bulk bin results, including information from commercial processors regarding these new varieties. The storage facility, and the work done within it, is directed by the MPIC Storage and Handling Committee and Michigan State University (MSU) faculty. The chair of the committee is Brian Sackett of Sackett Potatoes. Other members of the committee include: Duane Anderson, Steve Crooks, Todd Forbush, Dennis Iott, Larry Jensen, Chris Long, Joe Luana, Mike Wenkel, Tim Wilkes, and Chase Young. The funding and financial support for this facility, and the research conducted within it, is largely derived from the MPIC. The committee occasionally receives support for a given project from private and/or public interests. We wish to acknowledge all the support and investment we receive to operate and conduct storage research. First, we express our gratitude for the partnership we enjoy between the MPIC and Michigan State University. Thank you to the MPIC Storage & Handling Committee for their investment of time, guiding the decisions and direction of the facility. Steve Crooks, Crooks Farms, Inc.; Brian Sackett, Sackett Potaoes; and Tim, Todd and Chase Young, Sandyland Farms provided the material to fill the bulk bins this year; and without their Table of Contents150 willingness to be involved, we could not have accomplished our objectives. Equal in importance are the processors who invested in this research. They are Mitch Keeney, Jim Fitzgerald and Jack Corriere of UTZ Quality Foods, Inc., Hanover, PA; Jim Allen of Shearer’s Foods, Inc., Brewster, OH; and Al Lee and Phil Gusmano of Better Made Snack Foods, Detroit, MI. It has been a great pleasure to work with all of you. Special thanks to Butch Riley (Gun Valley Ag. & Industrial Services, Inc.) for his annual investment in the sprout treatment of the storage facility. We would also like to acknowledge a long list of additional contributors who invested much time to help foster a quality storage program: Dr. Dave Douches and the MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program, Todd Forbush (Techmark, Inc), Larry Jensen (Chief Wabasis Potato Growers), Mathew Klein (Farm Manager, MSU Montcalm Research Center), and Tim and Matt Wilkes (Potato Services of Michigan). All played a role in making this facility useful to the Michigan potato industry. Overview of the 2016 production season The overall 6-month average maximum and minimum temperatures during the 2016 growing season in central Michigan were similar to the 15-year average of 74oF and 51oF respectively (Table 1). Temperatures were slightly warmer than average in August and September and slightly cooler than average in April. Extreme heat events were lower than average in 2016 (Table 2), with 10 hours over 3 days exceeding 90oF during the entire summer. However high nighttime temperatures (over 70oF) were slightly higher than the average. Rainfall for April through September was 18.17 inches, which was 1.08 inches above the 15-year average (Table 3). In general early season precipitation (April-June) was below average, mid-season precipitation was above average (July-August) and late-season precipitation was above average (September). Table of Contents151 Table 1. The 15-year summary of average maximum and minimum temperatures (°F) during the growing season at the Montcalm Research Center.* April May June July August September 6-Month Average Year Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. 51 2002 49 2003 2004 49 51 2005 51 2006 50 2007 2008 49 49 2009 53 2010 2011 51 50 2012 49 2013 49 2014 2015 51 2016 51 15-Year Average 57 42 79 44 77 46 74 41 82 46 78 47 82 40 77 45 76 49 77 48 77 48 84 48 77 45 78 48 76 45 78 77 72 78 77 68 76 73 74 69 70 74 78 72 77 78 73 72 73 75 72 74 73 71 74 72 77 73 72 73 74 36 33 37 36 36 33 37 34 38 34 34 33 33 34 32 35 63 64 67 65 61 73 67 67 70 68 73 73 68 71 70 68 52 48 49 51 48 50 50 49 50 48 46 48 47 54 54 50 58 58 53 58 58 58 54 56 61 58 55 54 56 57 60 57 81 82 76 81 80 80 80 76 82 79 82 80 79 77 85 80 62 58 57 58 61 56 58 53 62 62 62 58 54 56 59 58 85 81 79 82 83 81 80 75 83 85 90 81 77 80 82 82 58 52 54 60 54 54 56 54 57 56 53 55 57 54 53 55 56 56 62 62 62 53 61 56 64 53 58 51 55 58 53 73 50 45 78 74 Table 2. Six-year heat stress summary (from May 1st – Sept. 30th)* Temperatures > 90oF Hours Days 14 70 14 0 3 10 19 4 15 3 0 1 3 4 Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Average Night (10pm-8am) Temperatures > 70oF Hours Days 32 174 30 143 140 28 15 58 66 22 31 147 121 26 Table of Contents152 Table 3. The 15-year summary of precipitation (inches per month) recorded during the growing season at the Montcalm Research Center.* September April 2.88 0.70 1.79 0.69 2.73 2.64 1.59 3.94 1.59 3.42 2.35 7.98 4.24 3.71 2.25 Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 15-Year Average 17.09 *Weather data collected at the MSU, Montcalm Research Center, Entrican, MI. August 7.12 2.60 1.99 1.85 2.25 2.34 3.03 4.74 2.63 2.57 3.31 4.06 1.78 2.42 5.35 Total 22.65 13.25 17.13 15.05 20.31 11.77 17.36 16.82 15.13 14.92 12.02 21.50 20.84 19.50 18.17 July 3.62 2.60 1.72 3.65 5.55 2.43 3.07 2.07 2.14 1.63 3.63 1.35 3.71 1.72 3.42 2.82 May 4.16 3.44 8.18 1.39 4.45 1.60 1.69 2.15 3.68 3.08 0.98 4.52 5.51 2.96 2.77 3.37 June 3.28 1.85 3.13 3.57 2.18 1.58 2.95 2.43 3.21 2.38 0.99 2.26 3.25 4.79 1.33 2.61 1.59 2.06 0.32 3.90 3.15 1.18 5.03 1.49 1.88 1.84 0.76 1.33 2.35 3.9 3.05 2.26 2.83 3.20 Table of Contents153 I. 2016-2017 New Chip Processing Variety Box Bin Report (Chris Long, Trina Zavislan, Anna Busch, John Calogero, and Brian Sackett) Introduction This project evaluated new chip processing varieties from national and private breeding programs for processing quality after storage conditions. We evaluated a variety’s response to pile temperature, as reflected in sucrose and glucose levels, as well as weight loss and pressure bruise susceptibility. Bin 7 contained 36, 10 cwt. boxes. We organized the 36 boxes in to six stacks of six. The box design allows air to travel in from a header, or plenum wall, through the forklift holes of each box and up through the potatoes within it. The air continues to flow up through the next box until it reaches the top and is drawn off the top of the chamber. The air is then reconditioned and forced back through the header wall plenums and up through the boxes again. Each box contains a sample door facing the center aisle from which we sampled tubers for bi-weekly quality evaluations. Procedure In 2016, we evaluated and compared 33 new varieties to the check varieties Snowden and Lamoka. Once the varieties were chosen, 1 cwt. of each variety was planted in a single 34-inch wide row, on May 3rd at the MSU, Montcalm Research Center, Entrican, MI. We planted the varieties at a 10” in-row seed spacing. All varieties received fertilizer in the rates of: 297 lb. N/A, 130 lb P2O5/A and 261 lb K2O/A. The varieties were vine killed after 129 days and allowed to set skins for 26 days before harvest on September 30th, 2016; which was 150 days after planting. We did not account for variety maturity in harvest timing due to storage and handling restrictions. We placed approximately 10 cwt. of each variety in a box bin and stacked the boxes in bin 7. The average storage temperature for all the box bins (box bin 7) was 54.0ºF for the 2016-2017 season. At harvest, we collected nine, 20 lb. samples from each variety for weight loss and pressure bruise evaluation. We describe the varieties, their pedigree and scab ratings in Table 4. We also recorded yield, size distribution, chip quality, and specific gravity at harvest (Table 5). We graded the varieties to remove all “B” size tubers and pick-outs, ensuring the tubers began storage in good physical condition. Table of Contents154 The storage season began September 27, 2016, and ended June 5, 2017. Bin 7 was gassed with CIPC on October 28, 2016. We began variety evaluations on October 4, 2016, followed by a bi- weekly sampling schedule until early June. We randomly selected forty tubers from each box every two weeks and sent them to Techmark, Inc. for sucrose, glucose, chip color and defect evaluation. We also evaluated pressure bruising by placing nine pressure sample bags for each variety in one of the bulk bins at the storage facility. We placed three bags at each of 3’, 8’ and 14’ from the pile floor. When that bin was unloaded, we weighed the sample bags and calculated percent weight loss. We evaluated a 25-tuber sample from each of the nine bags for the presence or absence of pressure bruise. We recorded the number of tubers and severity of bruise. All pressure bruises were evaluated for discoloration. This report is not an archive of all the data that we generated for the box bin trial, but rather a summary of the data from the most promising lines. The purpose of this report is to present a summary of information from the best performing lines from this trial that will be moved along the commercialization process. If more detailed information is desired, please contact Chris Long at Michigan State University in the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences for assistance at (517) 355-0277 or longch@msu.edu. Table of Contents155 Table 4. 2016-17 MPIC Demonstration Box Bin Variety Descriptions Pedigree 2016 Scab Rating* NY120 X NY115 Entry Lamoka (NY139) Manistee (MSL292-A) Snowden X MSH098-2 Snowden (W855) B5141-6 X Wischip AF4648-2 NY132 X Liberator B2727-2 CO07070-10W CO07070-13W MSM246-B MSR127-2 MSV033-1 MSV241-2 MSV301-2 B0766-3 X B2135-163 B0766-3 X CO00188-4W B0766-3 X CO00188-4W MSE274-A X NY115 MSJ167-1 X MSG227-2 Beacon Chipper X MSJ147-1 Marcy X Mega Chip MSN105-1 X MSP197-1 Characteristics High yield, mid- late season maturity, medium specific gravity, oval to oblong tuber type, low internal defects, long term chip quality Average yield, scab resistance similar to Snowden, medium specific gravity, long storage potential, uniform, flat round tuber type, heavy netted skin High yield, late maturity, mid-season storage, reconditions well in storage, medium to high specific gravity High yield potential, common scab resistant, high specific gravity, low internal defects In the 2017 SNAC Trial, smaller tuber size profile, some susceptibility to shatter bruise High yield, medium vine vigor and maturity, high specific gravity Vigorous vine, early maturing and tuber bulking, medium yield and specific gravity. In the SNAC trial. Average yield, medium specific gravity, common scab resistance similar to Snowden, long term chip quality similar to Manistee Scab resistant, high specific gravity, good chip quality from storage, above average yield potential, medium-late maturity. In the 2017 SNAC trial High yield potential, common scab susceptible, high specific gravity Scab resistant, high yield potential and specific gravity. High percent US #1 tubers Scab resistant with high yield potential and specific gravity 0.5 2.0 2.5 1.5 1.0 0.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 0.0 Table of Contents156 MSV313-2 MSN238-A X OP 0.5 MSV383-B MSV358-3 MSV507-40 MSW474-1 MSW485-2 MSW509-5 Pike X MSN238-A MSP239-1 X OP Tundra X Kalkaska MSN190-2 X MSP516-A MSQ070-1 X MSR156-7 Kalkaska X Marcy MSX540-4 Saginaw Chipper X Lamoka NC0349-3 ND7519-1 Snowden X B0564-9 ND3828-15 X W1353 NDTX081648CB- 13W ND8456-1 X ND7377CB-1 NY152 (NYH15-5) NY153 B38-14 X Marcy Waneta X Pike 1.0 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.0 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 High yield potential, large round tubers with smooth shape, scab resistant, potential storage chipper. Currently in Potatoes USA Fast Track trial Scab Resistant chipper with high specific gravity, smooth, round attractive tuber type with storage potential Scab resistant with high specific gravity, has chip storage potential from 50F, in Fast Trac program Highly scab resistant, long term storage chipper with high specific gravity, currently in NCPT Scab resistant with storage potential, currently in NCPT, high yield potential Scab resistant with moderate late-blight resistance, high specific gravity and attractive tuber shape, in Fast Track program storage program Scab resistant with high yield potential, smooth attractive tubers, not for long term Medium/high yield potential, common scab, late blight and PVY resistant, high specific gravity, currently in Fast Track Medium to late maturity, round tuber shape, medium specific gravity, netted skin, good chip color, some potential susceptibility to internal defects High specific gravity, medium to high yield potential, medium vine maturity, round smooth skinned tubers In the 2017 SNAC trial. High yield potential, good gravity, medium maturity High yield potential, medium specific gravity, moderate resistance to common scab, medium-late maturity. In Fast Track program Moderate to high yield potential, low incidence of internal defects Table of Contents157 NY154 (NYH15-17) B38-14 X Marcy NY157 NY162 (NYK31-4) NYK27-1 NYL1-7 NYL7-2 TX09396-1W W6822-3 W8822-1 White Pearl X Marcy NYE106-2 X NYE48-2 Ivory Crisp X NYE48-2 NYD50-8 X NYE48-2 NYE50-8 X NYE48-2 Atlantic X Lamoka White Pearl X Dakota Pearl Fasan X Tundra 0.0 0.5 2.0 0.0 1.5 0.5 2.0 1.0 0.0 High yield potential, high specific gravity, moderate common scab resistance, late maturing High yield potential, low internal defects, medium specific gravity, moderate common scab resistance High percent US #1 tubers, good internal quality, susceptible to common scab Possible common scab resistance, average yield potential, susceptible to shatter bruise Moderate to high yield potential Possible common scab resistance, larger tuber size profile Large tuber size, nice skin, moderate to high yield potential Average yield, medium-late maturity, high specific gravity, susceptible to internal defects, moderate common scab resistance High specific gravity, tolerant to PVY, late maturity, long storage potential, cream to yellow colored flesh depending on environmental conditions. In Fast Track program. *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data and qualitative descriptions provided by Potato Outreach Program (P.O.P.), MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and other potato breeding programs. Table of Contents158 Table 5. 2016 MPIC Box Bin Processing Potato Variety Trial MSU Montcalm Research Center, Montcalm County, MI Planting: 5/3 Vine Kill: 9/9 Harvest: 9/30 GDD40: 35378 LINE TX09396-1W MSR127-2 Snowden W8822-1 MSX540-4 MSV313-2 (Low N) MSW474-1 Manistee AF4648-2 MSW485-2 MSV033-1 NY154 NYL1-7 MSW509-5 MSV358-3 NY153 Lamoka MSM246-B NC0349-3 NDTX081648CB-13W 359 NYK27-1 MSV301-2 Snowden (Low N) 358 353 352 CWT/A US#1 618 TOTAL 659 US#1 94 PERCENT OF TOTAL1 Bs OV 31 3 As 63 CHIP SP GR SCORE3 1.081 1.0 PO 3 606 510 480 478 472 459 457 457 452 447 444 436 423 403 398 378 366 360 641 596 539 539 532 566 491 480 544 505 497 483 483 493 462 447 403 415 427 431 408 399 94 85 89 89 89 81 93 95 83 88 89 90 87 82 86 85 91 87 84 83 87 89 5 14 9 9 9 18 6 4 17 7 7 9 11 16 13 11 9 13 14 16 12 10 88 76 84 82 89 77 76 74 82 63 72 89 81 82 82 76 82 75 83 68 84 85 6 9 5 7 0 4 17 21 1 25 17 1 6 0 4 9 9 12 1 15 3 4 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 5 4 1 2 2 1 4 0 0 2 1 1 1 1.076 1.073 1.081 1.081 1.073 1.075 1.072 1.076 1.088 1.073 1.076 1.067 1.074 1.073 1.081 1.075 1.080 1.071 1.085 1.072 1.066 1.072 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 RAW TUBER QUALITY (%) 2 HH 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 VD 60 60 40 10 40 40 10 20 60 20 40 50 40 50 10 20 70 20 70 30 20 0 40 IBS 20 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 COMMON SCAB RATING4 VIGOR5 MATURITY6 VINE VINE 2.0 2.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.5 2.0 1.5 0.5 1.5 0.0 1.5 0.5 0.5 2.0 0.5 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 4.0 2.5 3.5 2.5 4.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 1.5 3.0 COMMENTS7 Sticky stolons Heavy dark russet skin type and light yellow flesh Deep apical eye Flat apical stem end tuber type, netted skin Tr sticky stolons Growth cracking, sticky stolons, nice chip color Uniform tuber type, moderate netted skin Flat oval tuber type Severe shatter bruising, tr black spot bruise Tr pinkeye, deep apical eye Table of Contents159 LINE W5955-1 MSV313-2 ND7519-1 NY162 MSV507-040 MSV241-2 NYL7-2 CO07070-13W NY152 MSV383-B CO07070-10W NY157 B2727-2 W6822-3 CWT/A US#1 339 TOTAL 391 US#1 87 PERCENT OF TOTAL1 Bs OV 11 11 As 76 CHIP SP GR SCORE3 1.072 1.0 PO 2 336 332 319 315 303 269 241 240 234 199 195 175 162 MEAN 371 350 438 377 344 330 296 322 391 318 301 266 276 292 436 96 76 85 92 92 91 75 61 74 66 73 63 56 84 3 22 13 2 6 7 24 39 11 34 26 37 44 14 44 75 80 64 87 62 75 61 67 66 66 63 56 74 52 1 5 28 5 29 0 0 7 0 7 0 0 10 1 2 2 6 2 2 1 0 1.068 1.079 1.067 1.073 1.083 1.067 1.075 1.078 15 1.074 0 1 0 0 2 1.083 1.070 1.077 1.081 1.075 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 RAW TUBER QUALITY (%) 2 HH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 VD 50 10 10 10 40 10 10 0 10 0 0 30 20 40 29 IBS 0 0 20 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 BC 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1SIZE Bs: < 1 7/8" As: 1 7/8" - 3.25" OV: > 3.25" PO: Pickouts 2TUBER QUALITY (percentage of tubers out of 10) HH: Hollow Heart VD: Vascular Discoloration IBS: Internal Brown Spot BC: Brown Center 3CHIP COLOR SCORE - Snack Food Association Scale (Out of the field) Ratings: 1 - 5 1: Excellent 5: Poor 5VINE VIGOR RATING 10-Jun-16 Date: Ratings: 1 - 5 1: Slow Emergence 5: Early Emergence (vigorous vine, some flowering) 24-Aug-16 6VINE MATURITY RATING Date: Ratings: 1 - 5 1: Early (vines completely dead) 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering) 4 COMMON SCAB RATING 0.0: Complete absence of surface or pitted lesions 1.0: Presence of surface lesions 2.0: Pitted lesions on tubers, though coverage is low 3.0: Pitted lesions common on tubers 4.0: Pitted lesions severe on tubers 5.0: More than 50% of tuber surface area covered in pitted lesions 7ALLIGATOR HIDE RATING 0.0: No incidence of raised corky skin spots 2.0: Unmarketable corky skin spots 5.0: Multiple, large corky skin lesions, covering a significant amount of surface area of the tuber VINE SCAB RATING4 VIGOR5 MATURITY6 VINE 0.0 0.5 0.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 2.5 4.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 3.0 4.5 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.5 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.6 COMMENTS7 Excellent chip color and quality Small uniform tuber type Deep apical eyes Growth cracking Small overall tuber type Small overall tuber type Severe growth cracking and mishapened tubers Severe shatter bruise Small overall tuber type tr = trace, sl = slight, NA = not available SED = stem end defect, gc = growth crack Planted: 3-May-16 Vines Killed: 9-Sep-16 Days from Planting to Vine Kill: Seed Spacing: Fumigation: 129 10" No 8MAWN STATION: Entrican Planting to Vine Kill Table of Contents160 Results: 2016-2017 Chip Processing Box Bin Highlights Hodag (W5955-1) This University of Wisconsin variety, recently named ‘Hodag’, has been evaluated in the Box Bin Trial for three years. The specific gravity was average at 1.072 at harvest and the yield was slightly below average at 339 cwt/A US#1 (Table 5). Hodag may have been immature at storage, as pre-harvest sucrose increased from 0.671 percent to 0.776 percent between August 25th and September 6th. This variety exhibited mid-season maturity and scab resistance. It had excellent out-of-the-field chip quality, with a 1.0 chip score. At the first sample date on October 4, 2016 tuber samples tested at 0.613 (X10) percent sucrose and 0.002 percent glucose with a bin temperature of 60ºF. As temperature initially cooled, sucrose and glucose levels increased, peaking at 0.660 (X10) percent and 0.003 percent respectively in early December at 53.6ºF. Temperature increased to 53.8ºF and sucrose and glucose concentrations gradually decreased. These concentrations remained relatively stable between December and early March. During this time, sucrose was between .381 and .443 percent (X10), while glucose was between .002 and .001 percent. From the beginning of storage to late March, chip quality was excellent with a low percentage of total defects. As temperature increased to 54°F in early April, glucose and sucrose concentrations rose to .022 percent and 1.284 percent (X10) respectively. This corresponded to an increase in undesirable color to 38%. The last acceptable chip quality sample from storage was on March 27, 2017 (Figure 1). Hodag has strong potential for commercialization in Michigan, due to many positive attributes. This includes yield potential, tolerance to common scab, excellent chip quality, and nice tuber shape. Figure 1. Storage chip sample on March 27, 2017. Table of Contents161 MSR127-2 This Michigan State University (MSU) chip processing variety has repeatedly demonstrated common scab tolerance and has a uniform round tuber type. The specific gravity for this variety was 1.076, above the trial average of 1.075. In 2016, we recorded a US#1 yield of 606 cwt/A for this variety, well above the trial average of 371 cwt/A (Table 5). MSR127-2 appears to have a medium to late maturity with a good set of uniform size tubers. The internal quality was good with only vascular discoloration (60%) reported at harvest in the raw tubers. The out-of-the-field chip color was excellent, scoring a 1.0 SFA score. On October 4, 2016, MSR127-2 had a sucrose value of 0.445 (X10) percent and a glucose value of 0.006 percent. As temperature decreased, sucrose and levels remained relatively stable. The temperature stabilized at 53.8ºF in December, and remained between this value and 54ºF for the rest of the storage season. Concentrations gradually rose, beginning in March, reaching 0.756 (X10) percent in early May. Glucose levels remained stable, fluctuating between 0.001-0.003 percent for the majority of the storage period with a small peak to 0.008 percent when storage temperatures were the coldest on March 27th at 52.8ºF. Glucose levels rose again on May 7th to 0.015 percent. MSR127-2 appears to have good mid-season chip processing quality and similar late-season chip quality as observed in the previous storage year. This variety will be evaluated in the bulk storage bin environment in 2017. Figure 2. Storage chip sample from April 18, 2017. Table of Contents162 MSW485-2 In 2016, this Michigan State University variety had a US#1 yield of 452 cwt/A with the highest specific gravity for the Box Bin trial at 1.088 (Table 5). We observed 30% vascular discoloration with no other internal defects. This variety may have some common scab susceptibility with a scab rating of 0.5. It was mature at harvest, with a pre-harvest specific gravity of 1.086 and 0.492 percent (X10) sucrose on August 30th. On October 4, 2016, this variety had a sucrose level of 0.503 (X10) percent and a glucose level of 0.001 percent. The sucrose levels gradually decreased to 0.277 (X10) in early January. When the bulk bin temperature stabilized at 54ºF, sucrose concentrations decreased to 0.002 percent, with a small increase to 0.003 percent corresponding to a temperature drop to 52.8ºF. Begin in April, the temperature was increased to 54°F, and sucrose rose, reaching 1.011 percent (X10) in June. Glucose also rose during this time, with a final reading of 0.011 percent. Chip quality was good over the storage season, with no undesireable chip color reported and a low percentage of internal defects. Overall, this variety performed well in storage with acceptable chips through mid-May (Figure 3). We will continue to evaluate this variety in 2017 in bulk bin storage. Figure 3. Storage chip sample from May 16, 2016. Table of Contents163 NY152 This Cornell variety had a smaller tuber size profile with 39% B-sized potatoes in 2016, a below average US #1 yield of 240 cwt/A, and a specific gravity of 1.078. It had good internal quality and an excellent chip color out of the field. It was slightly immature at harvest, with a small increase in sucrose measured between two pre-harvest panels. On October 4, 2016, it had 0.778 percent (X10) sucrose, which decreased to 0.215 in March. Sucrose gradually rose to 0.372 percent (X10) until the end of storage in early June. Glucose concentration remained relatively constant during storage, beginning at 0.002 percent, decreasing to 0.001 percent between December and April, and increasing to 0.003 percent in June. NY152 has consistently excellent chip quality, with good internal color and a low percentage of defects observed, even late in the season. Combined with an attractive tuber size profile, it performs well in Michigan despite a lower specific gravity. Figure 4 displays good chip quality on June 6, 2017. Figure 4. Storage chip sample from June 6, 2017. Table of Contents164 Snowden This variety was included as a commercial standard for the 2016-2017 Box Bin Trial. The yield was above average at 510 cwt./A US#1 with an below average specific gravity of 1.073 (Table 2). On October 4, 2016, this variety was unloaded into storage and analyzed for sucrose and glucose concentrations. As temperature decreased, sucrose also decreased from 0.737 to 0.479 (X10) percent until January. Glucose fluctuated between 0.002 percent and .003 percent during this time from harvest to January. Snowden displayed characteristics of senescence sweetening with rising glucose percentages from .002 percent on January 3rd to 0.019 percent on March 13th when it was removed from storage, at a stable bin temperature of 53.8ºF. Sucrose concentrations also increased from January to the end of storage in March. Chip quality was initially acceptable with low percentages of undesirable chip color observed, but both internal color and total defects rose over time, ending with many tubers displaying dark coloration or other defects in March The chip picture below depicts Snowden during its last acceptable chip quality date taken on February 13, 2017. Figure 5. Storage chip sample from March 7, 2016. Table of Contents165 II. 2016 - 2017 Bulk Bin (500 cwt. Bin) Report (Chris Long, Trina Zavislan, Anna Busch, John Calogero, Jolyn Rasmussen, and Brian Sackett) Overview and Objectives The goals of the MPIC Storage and Handling Committee for the 2016-2017 bulk bin storage season were: 1. to develop optimal storage profiles for Hodag (W5955-1) and MSR127-2, two promising common scab resistant varieties suited to production in Michigan, 2. evaluate two temperature ramping strategies in Hibernate (Y9). Hibernate (Y9) is a variety developed by the J.R. Simplot Company, and 3.to study the effects of two different temperatures on the storage quality of Manistee potatoes. Procedure Each bin was filled under contract with potato producers in the state of Michigan. The MPIC paid field contract price for the potatoes to be delivered to the demonstration storage, excluding bins five and six, where were purchased by Simplot. Pressure bruise samples were collected for each bulk bin and designated bulk bins were filled. The varieties and their storage management strategies were established by the MPIC Storage and Handling Committee. For each bulk bin filled, a corresponding box bin containing 10 cwt. was filled and placed into bin 7. Bin 7 was held at 54ºF, which in most cases, is warmer than the corresponding bulk bin of the same variety. This allowed the committee to see if the warmer storage temperature in the box bin would reduce storage life and provided information as to how the bulk bin tubers might physiologically age. All of the bulk bins were gassed with CIPC on November 7th, except for bins 8 and 9, which were gassed on the 28th. Bulk bin assignments are below: 1: Hodag (Sandyland Farms) 2, 3, and 4: MSR127-2 (Sackett Potatoes) 5 and 6: Hibernate (Y9) (Sandyland Farms) 7: Box Bins 8 and 9: Manistee (Crooks Farms) Table of Contents166 We began sugar monitoring the day tubers were loaded into storage and sampled tubers on a two-week schedule thereafter. Forty tubers were removed from the sample door in each bin every two weeks and sent to Techmark, Inc. for sucrose, glucose, chip color and defect evaluation. The sample door is located in the center back side of each storage bin and allows us to take samples from the pile three feet above the bottom of the pile. Pressure bruise evaluation began by collecting nine, 20 to 25 lb. tuber samples as each bin was being filled. Three samples were placed at each of three different levels within the bulk bin pile at 3, 8, and 14 feet from the storage floor. We evaluated the pressure bruise samples 3 to 5 days after the bin was unloaded. We randomly selected a set of 25 tubers from each bag and visually inspected for pressure bruising. By removing the tuber skin with a knife, we evaluated the discoloration for each flat spot. A visual rating established presence or absence of flesh color (blackening of flesh). We calculated percent weight loss in each tuber sample as it was removed from the storage. Hodag Storage Trial (Bin 1) Hodag, a promising variety from the University of Wisconsin, has commercialization potential in Michigan due to excellent chip quality, resistance to common scab, and long- term storage potential. The purpose of this bulk bin experiment was to evaluate glucose and sucrose reaction during pile cooling to 48ºF. Cooling occurred at a rate of 0.4ºF per day to 52ºF, then the rate was adjusted to 0.2ºF per day until the temperature reached 48ºF. We filled Bin 1 with Hodag on October 4, 2016. The seed was planted in Howard City, MI on May 20, 2016 and vine killed on August 22, 2016 (95 DAP, GDD40 2758). This planting was harvested on October 3, 2016, 136 days after planting. The pulp temperature for tubers at the time of bin loading was 61ºF. Bins 1 was gassed with CIPC on November 8, 2016. It was unloaded on May 9, 2017 and shipped to Herr Foods, Nottingham , PA. Table of Contents167 Results Bulk Bin 1, Hodag (GDD40 2758, 48ºF) Chip quality out of the field was acceptable with 28.7% total defects reported on the first sample date, October 4, 2016. Defects are reported by Techmark, Inc, and are determined using slices cut from stem to bud end. On this date, sucrose and glucose concentrations were 0.462 percent (X10) and 0.002 percent respectively with a pulp temperature of 61ºF. The tuber quality at bin loading was good with 92% bruise-free. Hodag was physiologically and chemically immature at bin loading as indicated by an increase in glucose concentration between two preharvest panels, as well as an increase in glucose between loading and early December to 0.559 percent (X10). During this time period, sucrose levels increased, rising to a high of 0.005 percent. After December, sucrose levels fluctuated through early March then decreased to a final value of 0.404 percent (X10) at bin unloading. Once the bin reached the target temperature of 48ºF, glucose decreased gradually to 0.002 percent in March, then rose to 0.005 percent at bin unloading. During storage, internal color was good, with a high of 4.1 percent undesirable color reported in March. Total defects were low overall, ranging from 3.4 percent to 30 percent. Figure 6. Bulk bin 1 out of the field chip sample on 10/4/2016 and final chip sample on 5/9/17. Table of Contents168 On May 10, 2017 the potatoes were processed by Herr Foods in Pennsylvania. Upon arrival, the processor noted a few green tubers and pressure bruise. Some of the tubers were oversize, oblong, or misshapen, but they had a nice skin set and appearance. Processing specific gravity was 1.081 with 5.4 percent external defects and 8.1 percent internal defects observed. Chip color was good with an Agtron score of 62.5. Some chip quality notes included a few chips with colored centers, or burnout, and some bruising. Figure 7. Hodag potatoes at Herr Foods before and after chipping on 5/10/17. Table of Contents169 Table 6. 2016-2017 PRESSURE BRUISE DATA Bulk Bin #1 Hodag (Howard City, MI) Location1 Average Weight Loss (%) 14' 8' 3' 5.02 4.54 5.88 Average Number of External Pressure Bruises Per Tuber2 Average % of Total Tuber Number 0 8.00 6.00 3.33 1 2 3+ Without Bruise Bruised (No Color) 5.67 4.33 7.00 6.67 7.67 6.33 4.67 7.00 8.33 32.0 24.0 13.3 68.0 76.0 86.7 Bruised with Color3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 End Temp. 50.0ºF 23.1 76.9 61.0ºF 50.0ºF 10/4/16 5/9/17 Pulp Temp. (at Filling) Target Storage Temp. OVERALL 5.15 AVERAGES 1 Feet above the bin floor. 2 A Sample of 25 tubers randomly selected. Each tuber was first evaluated for the number of visual pressure bruises 0, 1, 2, 3+. 3 A cut slice was removed just below the skin of each bruised area. If any flesh was darkened, it was scored as a tuber "with color". Loaded Unloaded MSR127-2 Storage Trial (Bins 2-4) This Michigan State University Variety had commercialization potential in Michigan due to high yield potential, a higher percentage of US #1 tubers, and good chip color. These three bulk bins were filled with potatoes grown by Sackett Potatoes in Mecosta, MI. All of the potatoes were planted on May 6, 2016, and vines were killed on August 29, 2016 (115 DAP, GDD40 3145). At harvest the pulp temperature was 58ºF with 60 percent, 75 percent, and 72 percent bruise free potatoes for bins two, three, and four, respectively. The potatoes were physiologically and chemically mature at harvest, and were loaded on September 28, 2016. Bins 2 and 3 were treated twice with CIPC on November 8, 2016. These bins were designed to study chip quality and potato storability under two different long-term storage temperatures and one short-term storage protocol. Table of Contents170 Results Bulk Bin 2, MSR127-2 (GDD40 3145, 50ºF) The potatoes in this bulk bin were cooled to 50ºF for the storage season. Sucrose concentrations gradually decreased as the pile was cooled down, beginning at 0.770 percent (X10) and decreasing to 0.344 percent (X10) on December 19, 2016. Concentrations rose slightly through early March, and rose again as the bin temperature was increased in late April. The initial glucose concentration was 0.002 percent, which rose to 0.005 percent in the month after bin loading, but then decreased to 0.003 percent. On February 27, 2017, glucose was 0.006 percent, corresponding to a slight increase in bin temperature. Chip quality was good during storage, with low percentages of undesirable color reported. Internal color was also acceptable, with the highest reading of 11.8 percent taken at the last chip date on May 18, 2017. Figure 8. Bulk bin 2 out of the field chip sample on 9/28/16 and last chip sample on 5/18/17 The potatoes were shipped to Utz Quality Foods, Inc., and were chipped by the processor. Utz recorded 17 percent total defects, 15 percent internal and 2 percent external, and a final specific gravity of 1.082. Table of Contents171 Figure 9. Bulk bin 2 Utz chip sample on 5/19/17. Bulk Bin 3, MSR127-2 (GDD40 3145, 48ºF) This bulk bin was cooled at a rate of about 0.2ºF per day to 48ºF to study how the storage temperature affects chip quality and longevity. Free moisture was observed in the north plenum of this bin on December 19, 2016, and the humidicell was adjusted. Sucrose concentration fluctuated during the storage season, with an initial concentration of 0.770 percent (X10), reaching its lowest value of 0.413 percent (X10) on January 3, 2017, and slowly increasing to a final concentration of 0.918 percent (X10) at bin unloading. Sucrose was somewhat variable, with values above 0.005 percent measured on January 16, February 27, and April 10, prior to temperature increase in the bin, which began on April 25, 2017. Chip quality in bin three was comparable to chip quality in bin two with approximately the same percentage of undesirable color, internal color, and total defects observed. Table of Contents172 Figure 10. Bulk bin 3 out of the field chip sample on 9/28/16 and last chip sample on 5/18/17. The potatoes were shipped to Utz Quality Foods and were chipped by the processor. Utz recorded 14 percent total chip defects, 11 percent internal and 3 percent external, with a final specific gravity of 1.080. Figure 11. Bulk bin 3 Utz chip sample on 5/19/17. Bulk Bin 4, MSR127-2 (GDD40 3145, 57ºF) These potatoes were stored between September 28, 2016 and October 19, 2016. The initial pulp temp was 58ºF, and the potatoes were stored at 57.6ºF. These potatoes were kept warm in anticipation of early shipping. A “sugar hangover,” or increase in glucose as the Table of Contents173 bin cools was observed, and Better Made, which processed this bin, noted poor chip color and quality. Techmark Inc. noted 32.8 percent defects in this sample. Figure 12. Bulk bin 4 out of the field chip sample on 9/28/16, and last chip sample on 10/17/17. On October 20, 2016 the potatoes were processed at Better Made Snack Foods. The processor noted a trace of pitted scab and some vascular discoloration, as well as a low percentage of stem end defects and bruising. The chip sample had 9.3 percent external defects, 1.2 percent internal defects, and 1.4 percent stem end defects. While Chip quality was acceptable, chip color was marginal. Figure 13. MSR127-2 potatoes before and after chipping at Better Made Snack Foods on 10/20/2016. Table of Contents174 Table 7. 2016-2017 PRESSURE BRUISE DATA Bulk Bin #2 and 3 MSR127-2 (Mecosta, MI) Location1 Average % of Total Tuber Number Bruised (No Color) Bruised with Average Weight Loss (%) 4.46 7.36 6.18 6.00 4.29 5.00 7.29 5.53 Average Number of External Pressure Bruises Per Tuber2 0 4.00 3.50 3.00 2 6.33 9.50 6.50 1 9.33 6.00 11.00 Color3 1.3 12.0 14.0 9.1 5.3 6.7 22.7 11.6 3+ Without Bruise 5.33 16.0 14.0 6.00 4.00 12.0 14.0 8.0 5.67 8.00 6.7 9.3 11.33 8.0 10/4/16 5/9/17 2.00 5.00 2.33 9.67 9.00 7.33 8.33 2.00 4.00 82.7 74.0 72.0 76.2 89.3 18.7 68.0 58.7 14' Bin 2 8' Bin 2 3' Bin 2 OVERALL AVERAGES 14’ Bin 3 8’ Bin 3 3’ Bin 3 OVERALL AVERAGES 1 Feet above the bin floor. 2 A Sample of 25 tubers randomly selected. Each tuber was first evaluated for the number of visual pressure bruises 0, 1, 2, 3+. 3 A cut slice was removed just below the skin of each bruised area. If any flesh was darkened, it was scored as a tuber "with color". Loaded Unloaded Hibernate (Y9) Simplot Storage Trial (Bins 5 and 6) A variety developed by Innate®, Hibernate (Y9), was grown at Sandyland Farms in 2016. Bins 5 and 6 were loaded with these potatoes on September 27, 2016 with a pulp temperature of 58ºF. Both were treated with CIPCon November 8, 2016. Bulk bin 5 was unloaded on June 12, 2017, while bulk bin 6 was unloaded on June 7, 2017. After initial cooling, the temperatures of the bins were changed at different rates to study the effect of a “fast ramp” vs “slow ramp” temperature change. Storage regimes selected for these research bins were designed to identify storage thresholds. To understand the limits of Hibernate in storage, aggressive temperature targets and ramping rates were employed. Consequently, the bins required reconditioning of sucrose and glucose by warming. The potatoes were processed at Saratoga Foods. Pulp Temp. (at Filling) Target Storage Temp. 61.0ºF 50.0ºF (2) 48.0ºF (3) End Temp. 51.6ºF Table of Contents175 Results Bulk Bin 5, Hibernate (Y9) (GDD40 2757, 42ºF) Bulk bin 5 was cooled to 46ºF by December 8, 2016, about ten weeks after bin loading. It was then cooled at a rate of 0.2ºF per day until it reached 42ºF in late January, and remained at this temperature for about one month. Beginning in February the temperature was gradually increased at a rate of 0.2ºF per day until it reached 52.8ºF on April 28, 2017. The initial sucrose concentration at bin loading was 0.639 percent (X10), which increased through April 2017 to a high of 4.042 percent (X10). Sucrose levels decreased after April 4, when the bin was warmed from 44 ºF to46 ºF Sucrose then trended upward beginning in late May, suggesting the onset of senescent sweetening. Glucose concentrations gradually increased toward the end of the storage season with a concentration of 0.012 percent in March, suggesting a delayed response of the elevated sucrose. The glucose concentration decreased with warming through June with a final value of 0.006 percent. Chip quality was initially good with a low percentage of total defects reported from bin loading to mid-January. After this time, internal color and total defects increased with 86.3 percent total defects reported in April and 88.1 percent reported in June. Hibernate can have elevated sucrose with low glucose because the conversion of sucrose to glucose is slower in Hibernate. Elevated sucrose may caramelize in certain fry processes with low finished chip moisture, affecting color and leading to more defects. Figure 14. Bulk bin 5 first chip sample on 10/31/16, and last chip sample on 6/19/17. Table of Contents176 Bulk Bin 6, Y9 (GDD40 2757, 44ºF) Bulk bin 6 was the slow ramp treatment in this study, and temperature was decreased more slowly compared to bin 5 and had a target temperature of 44ºF. It was cooled at different rates to reach a temperature of 47ºF in late December. After this time, it was cooled in 0.2ºF increments until it reached 44ºF in mid-January. Beginning in March, the temperature was increased by 0.2ºF per day until it reached 46 ºF mid-March. Beginning April 20, it was ramped to 52ºF and held until bin unloading on June 7, 2017. Similar to bin 5, the sucrose concentrations where highest in the potatoes during and shortly after the coldest part of the storage season. However, this increase was less pronounced in bin 6, where the highest sucrose concentration prior to bin reconditioning was 2.279 percent (X10) in early March. Sucrose then decreased when the temperature reached 46 ºF. Glucose concentrations were similar to those measured in bin 5, with high values of 0.010 percent observed in March and April. Glucose returned to acceptable levels by the end of the storage season, with a final concentration of 0.004 percent. Chip color was initially very good, with no undesirable color reported until April. After this time, undesirable color rose to a high of 20.5% in June, but later returned to acceptable levels. Total defects were highest in late April, with chip samples in this time having total defects of 70.7 percent and 77.7 percent as scored by Techmark Inc. Towards the end of storage the percentage of total defects was very variable, ranging from the 9.8 percent to 81.2 percent. Similar to Bin 5, some of these defects could be caused by the elevated sucrose. Figure 15. Bulk bin 6 first chip sample on 10/31/16, and last chip sample on 6/19/17. Table of Contents177 Table 8. 2016-2017 PRESSURE BRUISE DATA Bulk Bin #5 and 6 Atlantic Y9 (Howard City, MI) Location1 Average Weight Loss (%) Average Number of External Pressure Bruises Per Tuber2 0 1 2 Average % of Total Tuber Number Bruised (No Color) Bruised with Color3 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.4 1.3 1.3 4.0 2.2 3+ Without Bruise 28.0 16.0 5.3 16.4 21.3 6.7 2.7 8.0 6.00 8.67 9.67 7.00 4.00 1.33 5.33 1.67 0.67 11.67 6.33 8.67 10.00 4.00 0.67 3.34 4.16 5.46 4.32 3.65 4.37 6.58 4.86 72.0 85.3 94.7 84.0 77.3 92.0 93.3 87.6 6.00 0.33 12.67 2.67 7.67 7.33 3.67 10.67 14.00 14' Bin 5 8' Bin 5 3' Bin 5 OVERALL AVERAGES 14’ Bin 6 8’ Bin 6 3’ Bin 6 OVERALL AVERAGES 1 Feet above the bin floor. 2 A Sample of 25 tubers randomly selected. Each tuber was first evaluated for the number of visual pressure bruises 0, 1, 2, 3+. 3 A cut slice was removed just below the skin of each bruised area. If any flesh was darkened, it was scored as a tuber "with color". Loaded Unloaded Manistee Storage Trial (Bins 8 and 9) Manistee potatoes were grown in Stanton, MI, and planted on June 4, 2016. Vines were killed 102 days after planting on September 14, 2016, and the potatoes were harvested on October 19, 2016. The potatoes displayed characteristics of physiological and chemical maturity at harvest and had a specific gravity of 1.078 on September 12, 2016. Both bins 8 and 9 were loaded that same day with an initial pulp temperature of 60ºF. The bins were sprout treated on November 28, 2016. On June 5, 2017 the bins were unloaded at a final temperature of 52ºF. A storage protocol for Manistee at 50 ºF has previously been established, so these two bins observed tuber quality and marketability at lower temperatures. Both of these bins were processed by Shearer’s Foods on June 6, 2017. Pulp Temp. (at Filling) Target Storage Temp. 9/27/16 6/12/17 (5) 6/7/17 (6) 59.0ºF 44.0ºF (5) 46.0ºF (6) End Temp. 52.0ºF Table of Contents178 Results Bulk Bin 8, Manistee, (GDD40 3010, 48ºF) The initial sucrose concentration of Manistee in bin 8 was 0.817 percent (X10), but sucrose levels did not initially decrease during storage, instead fluctuating between 0.662 percent (X10) and a high of 1.049 percent (X10) between loading and mid-January. After this, sucrose concentrations gradually decreased, ending at 0.432 percent (X10) at bin unloading in June. Glucose was 0.002 percent at loading, reaching a high of 0.006 percent in February, shortly after the highest sucrose concentration. It was somewhat variable for the rest of the storage season, later decreasing to 0.003 percent in March, but rising to 0.007 percent in May. Internal chip color was very good, with a high of 8.7 percent undesirable color reported in June. Total defects were also low, about 30 percent or lower except for two samples in November and February with defects measuring 40.6 percent and 46.4 percent, respectively. Figure 16. Bulk bin 8 out of the field chip sample on 10/19/17, and last chip sample on 6/5/17. Table of Contents179 Bulk Bin 9, Manistee, (GDD40 3010, 46ºF) Bulk bin 9 had high initial sucrose levels in storage, which remained high for most of the storage duration. Sucrose concentrations began to decrease in late March, ending at 0.430 percent (X10) at unloading. Glucose was somewhat variable, rising to 0.011 percent in January, fluctuating, and raising to 0.018 percent in late March. For the rest of the storage season glucose levels dropped, ending at 0.003 percent at unloading. Chip color and quality decreased from loading to late January, with the highest percentage of internal color and total defects recorded on January 20, 2017 at 28.1 percent and 44.8 percent, respectively. During reconditioning chip color and defects improved, with a final chip sample displaying no undesirable color and 25.3 percent internal defects. Manistee potatoes kept at 48ºF appeared to have a longer marketing window than those kept at 46ºF as the 48ºF treatment had a lower level of total chip defects compared to the 46ºF treatment. Figure 17. Bulk bin 9 out of the field chip sample on 10/19/17, and last chip sample on 6/5/17. Table of Contents180 Table 9. 2016-2017 PRESSURE BRUISE DATA Bulk Bin #8 and 9 Manistee (Stanton, MI) Location1 Average Weight Loss (%) Average Number of External Pressure Bruises Per Tuber2 Average % of Total Tuber Number 0 1 2 3+ Without Bruise Bruised (No Color) Bruised with Color3 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.18 1.60 4.28 49.3 54.7 44.0 1.33 1.33 5.33 52.0 45.3 54.7 50.7 2.02 1.46 2.29 2.09 12.33 13.67 11.00 11.67 6.33 8.67 14' Bin 8 8' Bin 8 3' Bin 8 OVERALL AVERAGES 14’ Bin 9 8’ Bin 9 3’ Bin 9 OVERALL AVERAGES 1 Feet above the bin floor. 2 A Sample of 25 tubers randomly selected. Each tuber was first evaluated for the number of visual pressure bruises 0, 1, 2, 3+. 3 A cut slice was removed just below the skin of each bruised area. If any flesh was darkened, it was scored as a tuber "with color". Loaded 2.00 1.67 3.00 10.00 12.67 9.33 10.00 5.67 5.33 3.00 5.33 7.33 60.0 77.3 76.0 49.3 40.0 22.7 21.3 28.0 71.1 10/19/16 Pulp Temp. (at Filling) 1.95 0.4 0.0 1.3 2.7 1.3 60.0ºF 48.0ºF (8) 46.0ºF (9) End Temp. 52.0ºF Unloaded 6/5/17 Target Storage Temp. Table of Contents181