Michigan State University 
AgBioResearch 
In Cooperation With
 Michigan Potato 
Industry Commission
 Michigan Potato Research Report
 Volume 5
2 
20
20Michigan Potato Industry Commission Ł 3515 West Rd. Ste. A, East Lansing, MI, 48823
 517-253-7370 Ł 
info@mipotato.com
 Ł mipotatoindustry.com
January 03
, 2020
 To all Michigan Potato Growers and Shippers,
 The Michigan Potato Industry Commission continues to provide over $180,000 in direct funding 
on an annual basis for potato research. This research is the one of the core components that 
continue to move the Michigan potato industry forward. Expanding research has provided 
increased insights into varieties, disease, soil fertility, and storage management. Research 
outcomes continue to provide a competitive advantage for the industry in Michigan and to 
provide Michigan with a highly respected reputation among
 the national industry professionals. 
 The following research report was compiled with the help of the Michigan State University 
AgBioResearch and Michigan State University Extension. On behalf of all parties, we are proud 

to present you with the results of the 20
20 potato research projects.
 We hope that each of you see value in the investment made in these projects and can apply some 
of the results directly to strengthen your own operation.
 We would like to thank our many suppliers, researchers, and industry partners who are involved 
in making this year™s research season a success
 even in the midst of a global pandemic
. As the 
industry faces new challenges and strives to improve upon best practices, we are inspired by the 

level of cooperation within the industry and look forward to future success together.
 Sincerely,
 Dr. Kelly Turner, Ed. D, CAE
 Executive Director
  Table of Contents
 Page
 Introduction and Acknowledgements
 1 2020 Potato Breeding and Genetics Research Report
 D.S. Douches, J. Coombs, P. Collins, K. Zarka, G. Steere, M. Zuehlke, D.
Zarka
, K. Shaw, C. Zhang and 
N. Garrity
5 2020 Potato Variety Evaluations
 D.S. Douches, J. Coombs, K. Zarka, G. Steere, M. Zuehlke, K. 
Shaw
, C. Zhang,
C.Long, J. Wilbur, and 
N. 
Garrity
22 2020 On-Farm Potato Variety Trials
 C.Long, K. 
Zavislan,
 D. 
Kurzer
, and D
. S.
 Douches
47 Evaluating New 
Potato Varieties for Herbicide Sensitivity
 E.Burns
86 Layering Soil Residual Herbicides for Troublesome Weed Control in Potatoes 
E.Burns
89 Developing yield Maps in Potatoes Using 
Thermal Imagery to Understand How In
-Season Spatial 
Variation of Growth Affects Tuber Development and Yield
 B.Basso
93 Effects of Biological Soil Amendments on Soil Nutrient Content and Beneficial 
Microbial Communities and Its Influence on Potato Early Die Complex
 M.
Quintanilla
, L. Parrado, E.Cole
98 Survey of Postharvest Disease in Michigan Potato Storages, 2020
 E.Schlac
hter, C. Bloomingdale, D. Kurzer, K. Zavislan, R. Hammerschmidt, C.
Long, J.F. Willbur
107 Diagnostic 
Optimization of Viral Detection and Characterization for the Michigan 
Seed Potato Certification Program, 2020 
M.Satoh-C
ruz, S. Rhodes, J. Axford, E. Dorman, J.F. Willbur
109 Evlauation of Foliar Fungicide Timing to Manage White Mold of Pota
to In 
Michigan, 2020 
C.Bloomingdale, J.F. Willbur, J. DeDecker
111 2019-2020 Michigan Potato Demonstration Storage Annual Report
 Intr
oduction
 C.Long, K. 
Zavislan, and 
D. Kurzer
New C
hip Processing Variety Box Bin Report
 C.Long, K. 
Zavislan,
 D. Kurzer
, and B. 
Sackett
Bulk
 Bin (500 cwt. Bin) Report
 C.Long, K. Zavislan, 
D. Kurzer
, and B
. Sackett
113 113 118 129 2019-2020 Michigan Russet Potato Storage Report
 C.Long, K. Zavislan, and D. Kurzer
158  2020 MICH
IGAN POTATO RESEARCH REPORT
 C.M. Long, Coor
dinator
INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
 The 2020 Pot
ato Research Report contains reports of the many potato research projects conducted by 
Michigan State 
University (MSU) potato researchers at several locations.  The 20
20 report is the 
52nd volume, which has been prepared annually 
since 
1969. This volume includes research projects 
funded by the Potato Special Federal Grant, the Michigan Potato Industry Comm
ission (MPIC), 
Project GREEEN and numerous other sources. The principal source of funding for each project has 
been noted in each report. 
We wi
sh to acknowledge the excellent cooperation of the Michigan potato industry and the MPIC 
for their continued sup
port of the MS
U potato research program. 
We also want to acknowledge the 
significant impact that the funds from the 
Potato 
Special Federal Grant have had on the scope and 

magnitude 
of potato related research in Michigan
. 
Many othe
r contributions to MSU po
tato research have been made in the form of fertilizers, 
pesticides, seed
, supplies and monetary grants. We also recognize the tremendous cooperation of 
individual producers who participate in the numerous on-
farm projects. It is this dedicated support 
and 
cooperation that makes for a productive research program for the betterment of the Michigan 

potato industry.
 We fur
ther acknowledge the professionalism o
f the MPIC Research Committee. 
The Michigan 
potato industry should be proud of the dedication of this c
ommittee and the keen interest they take in 
determining the needs and direction of Michigan's potato research.   
Special
 thanks goes to
 Mathew Klein 
for his
 management of the MSU Montcalm Research Center 
(MRC
) and the many details 
which are a 
part of its operati
on. We also
 want to recognize T
rina 
Zavislan
, MSU 
for 
organizing and compiling 
this final draft.
   WEATHER
 The ove
rall 6
-month average maximum and minimum temperatures during the 2020 growing season 
were
 consistent with the
 15-
year
 averages at 7
3oF and 49
oF respectively (Table 1). May had more 
variable temperatures than average, with both a higher maximum and lower minimum temperature.
 The average minimum temperature in July, 6
8oF 
was much warmer than 
the 15-
year average 
temperature of 
60oF. Daytime e
xtreme heat events were sl
ightly 
higher than average in 2020 
(Table 
3)with 
thirteen
 hours over 
three
 days in which temperatures exceeded 90
oF during the summer.
Extreme high nighttime temperatures were 
als
o slig
htly higher than average in 2020
, with 1
25 hours
of nighttime temperatures above 70
oF over 31 days, compared to 
the seven
-year average of 1
07hours over 
25 days.
Rainfa
ll for A
pril through September was 
19.04 inches, which was 1.17 inches above the 15-
year 
average (Table 2). A total of 
16.5 inches of irrigation water over 
20 application 
timings was applied 
to Comden 2 
between early June and late 
August. In general, 
May, July, and September had more 
precipitation than average while 
August and June w
ere drier months.
 Table 1. The 15-
year summary of average maximum and minimum temperatures (
F) during the 
growing 
season at the Montcalm Research Center
.* YearMax.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
20066236614678548361805868487251
20075333734782548156805876507450
20086133674077568058805473507349
20095633674576547553765674497148
20106433704977578362826169507452
20115333684877568562795870487251
20125833734884539062825574467750
20135133734877558158805473487349
20145533684578577754795672477249
20155833714876548056775777547351
20165332704578538260856078547451
20176139674478558158775477507450
20185533814684588864846376527853
20195535654575548469805573547252
20205629763577548168786070487349
15-Year
Average
5733704578558260805773507350
Average
April
May
June
July
August
September
Table 2. The 15-year summary of precipitation (inches per mon
th) 
recorded during the
 growing 
seas
on at the Montcalm Research Center
* Year
April
May
June
July
August
September
Total
20062.734.452.185.552.253.1520.31
20072.
641.601.582.432.341.1811.77
20081.591.692.953.073.035.0317.36
20093.942.152.432.074.741.4916.82
20101.593.683.212.142.631.8815.13
20113.423.082.381.632.571.8414.92
20122.350.980.993.633.310.7612.02
20137.984.522.261.354.061.3321.50
20144.245.513.253.711.782.3520.84
20153.712.964.791.722.423.9019.50
20162.252.771.333.425.353.0518.17
20174.451.986.370.921.360.7015.78
20182.045.513.641.197.732.6522.76
20192.645.462.92.043.315.7222.07
20203.494.751.404.072.213.1219.04
15-Year
Average3.273.412.782.603.272.5417.87
Table
 3. Seven
-year heat stress summary
 (from May 1
st ΠSept. 30
th)* 
 HoursDaysHoursDays
201400
5815201500
11431
201610
314731
201714
38018
201812
412331
201952
10520
202013
312531
Average
82
10725
Year
Temperatures > 90
oF Night (10pm-8am) 
Temperatures > 70
oF  GROWING DEGREE DAYS
  Table 4 summarizes the 
cumulative growing degree days (GDD) for 2019 while providing historical 
data from 2007-2019. GDD are presented from May 1
st ΠSeptember 30
th using the Baskerville-
Emin 
method with a base temperature of 40
oF.  The total GDD base 40 
at the end of September in 2020 
was 3809 (Table 4), which is32 GDD higher than the 13-year average of 3777.  
 
 Table 4
.  Growing Degree Days* - 
Base 40
F.  YearMay
JuneJulyAugust
September
20084471240214729733596
20095191264200428003420

20106101411242434023979

20115671354238832703848

20126521177228031533762

20136371421233431793798

20145221340212029773552

20156041353223030513789

20165471318226332744053

20174801279220229903695

20186891487242333734073

20194571189217930243731
20204881298233132413809
Avera
ge5551318225631313777
 *2008-2020 
data from the weather station at MSU Montcalm Research Center fiEnviro
-weatherfl, 
Michigan Weather Station Network, Entrican, MI.
  PREVIOUS CROPS, 
TILLAGE AND 
FERTILIZERS
  The general potato research area utilized in 20
20 was Montcalm Research Center property in the 
field referred to as
 ‚Comden 2.™ 
This acreage was planted to 
rye and 
wheat 
in the spring of 2019 
with 
crop residue disked into the soil in fall and sprayed off in the spring of 20
20. In the spring of 2020, 
the recommended rate of potash was broadcast applied following deep-chisel plowing. The ground 

was 
vertical tilled 
and direct planted to potatoes. 
The area was not fumigated with Vapam prior to 
potato planting, but 
Admire Pro
® was applied in
-furrow at planting.     
 
The soil test analysis for the 
general crop area (taken in November 2019
) was as follows: 
  

  
  lbs/A
  pH P K Ca Mg 7.0 316  (158 ppm) 396  (198 ppm) 1510 (755 ppm)
 300 (150 ppm)
  
The fertilizers used in the general plot area are as 
follows
 (
fertilizer variations
 used for specific 
research projects are included in
 the individual project reports
). 
 Application 
Analysis 
Rate
 Nutrients
 (N-P2O5-K2O-Ca/Mg/S/Zn)
 Broadcast at plow down
 0-0-22-11Mg
-22S 0-0-0-21Ca-16S 

0-0-0-21Ca-12Mg 

10%B 

0-0-62 
0-0-0-9Zn
 200 lbs/A
 150 lbs/A 

300 lbs/A 

6 lbs/A 

350 lbs/A 
1 qt/A
 0-0-44-22Mg
-44S 0-0-0-32Ca-24S 

0-0-0-63Ca-36Mg 

0.6 lb. B 

0-0-217 
0.3 lb. Zn
 At-planting
 28-0-0 10-34-0 24 gpa 12 gpa 72-0-0 14-49-0 At-cultivation
 28-0-0 10-34-0 24 gpa 12 gpa 72-0-0 14-49-0 At-hilling
 46-0-0 120 lbs/A
 55-0-0 Late side dress (late varieties)
 46-0-0 100 lbs/A
 46-0-0  HERBICIDES AND PEST CONTROL
  
A pre-
emergence 
application of 
Linex
4l/Brawl
 at 1.25 qts
/A and
 Brawl
 II at 
1.0 pts
/A was made in 
late May
.  Admire Pro®
 w
as applied 
in-furrow 
at planti
ng at a rate of 
8.7 fl oz/A.  
 
Echo 720 (24 oz
/A),
 Mancozeb (2 lbs/A), Bravo (20 oz/A), and Pencozeb (2 lbs/A) fungic
ides were 
applied alone or in combination on 
twelve
 dates between June and
 early September
.  
 
Blackhawk (3.3 oz/A), Coragen (6 oz/A), Mustang Maxx (3 oz/A), Asana XL (9 oz/A), and Exirel 

(13.5 oz/A) insecticides were applied alone or in combination on five dates between June and 

August. 

 
Potato vines were desiccated with 
Reglone in late August and 
early September 
at a rate of 
32 oz/A. 
!"!"#$%&#'()*)(#+,--./01#*0.#1-0-)/2%#,-%-*,23#,-'(,)#4567589#!"!:#
#.5;<=#%>#.?7@ABCD#4>#2??EFCD#'>#
2?GG<6CD#H>#I58J5D#1>#%KBB8BD#
$>#I7BAGJBD#.>#I58J5D#H>#
$@1GBLD#2>#
IA56M#56=#0>#
1588<K9##.BN58KEB6K#?O#'G56KD#%?<G#56=#$<@8?F<5G#%@<B6@BC##$<@A<M56#%K5KB#&6<;B8C<K9#-5CK#P56C<6MD#$/##QRR!Q##2??NB85K?8CS##,?F<6#+7BGGD#,59#35EEB8C@AE<=K
D#45<EB#T<GGF78#5
6=#2A8<C#P?6M##/0),(.&2)/(0!!
!"#!$%&'%()*!+#)#,!-*%.,/0%#12!3,!').,!4,,*!5,5%&)#,5!#6!5,.,768%*(!%98/6.,5!
86#)#6!.)/%,#%,0!:6/!#',!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!)*5!#)47,0#6&<!9)/<,#0!0%*&,!=>??@!!A',!8/6(/)9!
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
!
!G*!$%&'%()*2!#',!8/%9)/1!9)/<,#!/,NB%/,0!#')#!3,!:6&B0!6*!5,.,768%*(!'%('!
1%,75%*(!/6B*5!3'%#,!86#)#6,0!3%#'!,O&,77,*#!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!:/69!#',!:%,75!)*5F6/!
0#6/)(,@!!G*!)55%#%6*2!#',/,!%0!)706!)!*,,5!:6/!#)47,!.)/%,#%,0!P/B00,#2!/,52!1,77632!)*5!/6B*5!3'%#,Q@!!M,!&6*5B&#!.)/%,#1!#/%)70!6:!)5.)*&,5!0,7,&#%6*0!)*5!:%,75!,O8,/%9,*#0!)#!$+-!/,0,)/&'!76&)#%6*0!P$6*#&)79!R,0,)/&'!D,*#,/2!S)<,!D%#1!R,0,)/&'!D,*#,/2!D7)/<0.%77,!

R,0,)/&'!D,*#,/2!
)*5!$+-!"(/6*691!H)/9Q2!3,!0'%8!0,,5!#6!6#',/!0#)#,0!)*5!D)*)5%)*!8/6.%*&,0!:6/!.)/%,#1!#/%)702!)*5!3,!&668,/)#,!3%#'!D'/%0!S6*(!6*!(/63,/!#/%)70!#'/6B('6B#!
$%&'%()*@!!A'%0!#,0#%*(!%0!&/B&%)7!%*!5,#,/9%*%*(!#',!&699,/&%)7!86#,*#%)7!6:!#',!7%*,0@!A'/6B('!&6*.,*#%6*)7!&/600,0!%*!#',!(/,,*'6B0,2!3,!5,.,768!*,3!(,*,#%&!&694%*)#%6*0!%*!#',!4/,,5%*(!8/6(/)92!)*5!)706!0&/,,*!)*5!%5,*#%:1!,O6#%&!(,/987)09!#')#!3%77!,*')*&,!#',!.)/%,#)7!4/,,5%*(!,::6/#0@!!M%#'!,)&'!&1&7,!6:!&/600%*(!)*5!0,7,&#%6*!3,!)/,!0,,%*(!5%/,&#,5!%98/6.,9,*#!#63)/50!%98/6.,5!.)/%,#%,0!P,@(@!&694%*%*(!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(2!0&)4!/,0%0#)*&,2!
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
0&)4!/,0%0#)*&,2!,#&@Q!%*!#',!&B7#%.)#,5!86#)#6!7%*,0!)*5!#',*!4/,,5!#',9!%*#6!,7%#,!(,/987)09@!!A',!+CI0!)706!)7763!B0!#6!)&&B/)#,71!:%*(,/8/%*#!#',!.)/%,#%,0!PEC"!
:%*(,/8/%*#%*(!5)#)4)0,Q@!G*!)55%#%6*2!6B/!8/6(/)9!')0!4,,*!B#%7%Z%*(!(,*,#%&!,*(%*,,/%*(!)0!)!#667!#6!%*#/65B&,!*,3!(,*,0!#6!%98/6.,!.)/%,#%,0!)*5!)5.)*&,5!(,/987)09!:6/!#/)%#0!0B&'!)0!%*0,&#!/,0%0#)*&,2!7)#,!47%('#!)*5!ITU!/,0%0#)*&,2!763,/!/,5B&%*(!0B()/2!*%#/6(,*!B0,!
,::%&%,*&1!)*5!5/6B('#@!!G*![Y[=2!
3,!87)*!#6!#,0#!86#)#6,0!3%#'!
7)#,!47%('#!/,0%0#)*&,2!5/6B('#!
#67,/)*&,2!%*.,/#)0,!0%7,*&%*(
!)*5!(,*,!,5%#%*(!:6/!IIL!)*5!0,7:;&698)#%4%7%#1@!!HB/#',/96/,2!I6#)#6,0-+"!%0!0B886/#%*(!*)#%6*)7!,)/71!(,*,/)#%6*!#/%)70!&)77,5!#',!C)#%6*)7!D'%8!I/6&,00%*(!A/%)7!PCDIAQ!3'%&'!3%77!:,,5!7%*,0!%*#6!#',!+C"D!P+H"Q!#/%)70!
)*5!)706!H)0#!A/)&<!7%*,0!%*#6!&699,/&%)7!#,0#%*(!PC,OJ,*!#,0#%*(Q@!!A'%0!*)#%6*)7!&668,/)#%.,!#,0#%*(!%0!#',!<,1\!!A',!I6#)#6,0-+"!H)0#!A/)&<!8/6(/)9!%*.,0#0!%*!7)/(,/;0&)7,!0,,5!%*&/,)0,!:6/!,)/71!(,*,/)#%6*!8/69%0%*(!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!7%*,0!:6/!&699,/&%)7!0&)7,!,.)7B)#%6*!41!(/63,/0!)*5!8/6&,006/0@!A'%0!')0!7,5!#6!#',!/,7,)0,!6:!+)(%*)3!
D'%88,/!P$+RY]=;=Q2!$)*%0#,,!P$+S[>[;"Q2!^B/6*!D'%88,/!P$+M_?X;[Q2!$)&<%*)3!P$+`X_Y;_Q2!)*5!I,#60<,1!P$+TYWY;_Q@!A',!*,O#!&76*,0!:6/!&699,/&%)7%Z)#%6*!)/,!$+a[_[;=W!)*5!$+M_b_;=@!G*!#',!#)47,!9)/<,#02!c7)&<4,//1!)*5!$+TY>W;=U!)/,!0'63%*(!8/69%0,@!!M,!)706!').,!:B*5%*(!#6!5,.,768!(,*69,!,5%#%*(!#,&'*676(%,0!#')#!9)1!*6#!4,!&7)00%:%,5!)0!/,(B7)#,5!#'/6B('!)!-+E"FcR"J!(/)*#@!!A'%0!#,&'*676(1!&)*!4,!B0,5!#6!%*#/65B&,!763,/!0B()/02!4/B%0%*(!)*5!)08)/)(%*,!)0!3,77!)!*B94,/!6:!6#',/!#/)%#0!%*!#',!:B#B/,@!!M,!)706!').,!)!-+E"F"HRG!5%876%5!4/,,5%*(!(/)*#!#6!5,.,768!069,!:6B*5)#%6*)7!5%876%5!4/,,5%*(!(,/987)09@!!G*![Y=X2!3,!3,/,!)3)/5,5!#',!-+"GE!(/)*#!#6!(,*,/)#,!7)#,!47%('#!/,0%0#)*&,!86#)#6,0!:6/!c)*(7)5,0'!)*5!G*56*,0%)@!!A'%0!H,,5!#',!
HB#B/,!8/6V,&#!4/%*(0!B0!%*#6!&B##%*(!,5(,!J$!36/<!3%#'!+%9876#!)*5!#',!G*#,/*)#%6*)7!I6#)#6!D,*#,/!PDGIQ@!!S)0#712!3,!').,!C+H;:B*5,5!(/)*#0!#6!4,##,/!B*5,/0#)*5!#',!86#)#6!(,*69,!)*5!0#B51!36B*5;',)7%*(!%*!86#)#6@!!M,!:,,7!#')#!#',0,!%*;'6B0,!&)8)&%#%,0!P46#'!&6*.,*#%6*)7!)*5!4%6#,&'*676(%&)7Q!8B#!B0!%*!)!B*%NB,!860%#%6*!#6!/,086*5!#6!)*5!:6&B0!6*!
#',!960#!8/69%0%*(!5%/,&#%6*0!:6/!.)/%,#1!5,.,7689,*#!)*5!,::,&#%.,71!%*#,(/)#,!)5.)*&,5!#,&'*676(%,0!3%#'!#',!4/,,5%*(!6:!%98/6.,5!&'%8
;8/6&,00%*(!)*5!#)47,0#6&<!86#)#6,0@!!
!A',!4/,,5%*(!(6)70!)#!$+-!)/,!4)0,5!6*!&B//,*#!)*5!:B#B/,!*,,50!6:!#',!$%&'%()*!86#)#6!%*5B0#/1@!!A/)%#0!6:!%986/#)*&,!%*&7B5,!1%,75!86#,*#%)72!5%0,)0,!/,0%0#)*&,!P0&)42!7)#,!47%('#2!
,)/71!5%,2!
)*5!ITUQ2!%*0,&#!PD676/)56!86#)#6!4,,#7,Q!/,0%0#)*&,2!&'%88%*(!P6B#;6:;#',;:%,752!0#6/)(,2!)*5!,O#,*5,5!&675!0#6/)(,Q!)*5!&66<%*(!NB)7%#12!4/B%0,!/,0%0#)*&,2!0#6/)4%7%#12!

)76*(!3%#'!0')8,2!%*#,/*)7!NB)7%#12!
)*5!)88,)/)*&,@!G:!#',0,!(6)70!&)*!4,!9,#2!3,!3%77!4,!)47,!#6!/,5B&,!8/65B&#%6*!%*8B#!&60#02!<,,8!86#)#6!8/65B&#%6*!8/6:%#)47,
!)0!3,77!)0!/,5B&,!#',!/,7%)*&,!6*!&',9%&)7!%*8B#0!0B&'!)0!%*0,&#%&%5,02!:B*(%&%5,0!)*5!08/6B#!%*'%4%#6/02!)*5!%98/6.,!6.,/)77!)(/6*69%&!8,/:6/9)*&,!#'/6B('
!*,3!86#)#6!.)/%,#%,0@!L.,/!#',!1,)/02!<,1!%*:/)0#/B&#B/,!&')*(,0!').,!4,,*!,0#)47%0',5!:6/!#',!4/,,5%*(!8/6(/)9!#6!9)<,!06B*5!)00,009,*#0!6:!#',!4/,,5%*(!0,7,&#%6*0!96.%*(!#'/6B('!#',!8/6(/)9@!!G*![Y=]2!3,!&6*0#/B&#,5!)!(/,,*'6B0,!#6!,O8)*5!6B/!4/,,5%*(!)*5!&,/#%:%,5!9%*%#B4,/!0,,5!8/65B&#%6*@!!A'%0!(/,,*'6B0,!%0!76&)#,5!)#!#',!$+-!"(/6*691!H)/9!:)&%7%#1!6*!06B#'!&)98B0@!"706!%*![Y=]2!3,!4,()*!#6!B8(/)5,!#',!86#)#6!3)0'%*(!)*5!(/)5%*(!7%*,@!3'%&'!3)0!&6987,#,5!3%#'!:B*5%*(!:/69!$IGD!)*5!"(c%6R,0,)/&'@!!T)/%)47,!08,,5!&6*#/67!5/%.,02!)!*,3!7%:#d!&B0#69!4B%7#!4)//,7!3)0',/d!(/)5%*(!#)47,d!)*5!e,/%)*!08,,5!0%Z,/!)/,!)77!8)/#!6:!#',!0,#!B8!)0!6:![Y=>@!G*&6/86/)#%6*!6:!4)/;&65%*(!)*5!0&)7,0!01*&'/6*%Z,5!#6!&698B#,/!'6#!<,102!').,!%98/6.,5!#',!08,,52!)&&B/)&1!)*5!,::%&%,*&1!6:!#',!(/)5%*(!8/6&,00@!!"77!,*#%#%,0!6:!#',!86#)#6!(/6B8f!I6#)#6!c/,,5%*(!)*5!J,*,#%&0d!I6#)#6!LB#/,)&'!I/6(/)9d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
%,75!0,)06*2!8/6(,*1!:/69!)46B#!WYY!&/600,0!3,/,!87)*#,5!)*5!,.)7B)#,5@!!L:!#'60,2!#',!9)V6/%#1!3,/,!&/600,0!#6!0,7,&#!:6/!/6B*5!3'%#,0!P&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!)*5!#)47,0#6&<Q2!3%#'!#',!/,9)%*5,/!#6!0,7,&#!:6/!1,7763!:7,0'2!76*(F/B00,#!#18,02!/,5!0<%*2!)*5!08,&%)7#1!
9)/<,#!&7)00,0@!
EB/%*(!#',![Y[Y!')/.,0#2!)46B#!=2XYY#0,7,&#%6*0!3,/,!9)5,!:/69!#',!Wb2YYY!0,,57%*(0!8/65B&,5@!!$60#!6:!#',0,!:%/0#;1,)/!0,7,&#%6*0!)/,!0,(/,()#%*(!:6/!ITU!/,0%0#)*&,@!!"77!0,&6*52!#'%/5!6/!:6B/#'
;!
1,)/!86#,*#%)7!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!0,7,&#%6*0!3%77!4,!#,0#,5!%*!g)*B)/1!)*5!"8/%7![Y[=!
5%/,&#71!6B#!6:!_X¡H!Pb@[¡DQ!0#6/)(,@!!"#7)*#%&2!S)96<)!)*5!+*635,*!)/,!&'%8;8/6&,00,5!)0!&',&<!&B7#%.)/0@!!+,7,&#%6*0!').,!4,,*!%5,*#%:%,5!)#!,)&'!0#)(,!6:!#',!0,7,&#%6*!&1&7,
!#
')#!').,!5,0%/)47,!)(/6*69%&!&')/)&#,/%0#%&0!)*5!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!86#,*#%)7@!"#!#',!=[
;'%77!)*5!WY;
'%77!,.)7B)#%6*!0#)#,2!)46B#
![
YY!)*5!=YY#0,7,&#%6*0!3,/,!9)5,2!/,08,&#%.,71d!4)0,5!6*!&'%8!NB)7%#12!08,&%:%&!(/).%#12!0&)4!/,0%0#)*&,2!7)#,!47%('#!/,0%0#)*&,!)*5!EC"!9)/<,/0!:6/!ITU!)*5!J675,*!*,9)#65,!/,0%0#)*&,@!!
+,7,&#%6*!%*!#',!,)/71!(,*,/)#%6*!0#)(,0!')0!4,,*!,*')*&,5!41!#',!%*&6/86/)#%6*!6:!#',!0&)4!)*5!7)#,!47%('#!,.)7B)#%6*0!6:!#',!,)/71!(,*,/)#%6*!9)#,/%)7@
!!"#$%&'"(&)*+,-."-/0/0-1)-1)%)-'"(2*)-&$-3)&-)##)4&.5)-*(&)-2*.36&-."#)4&.$"-&$-4$**)4&-'7)#'*-8(&(9!M,!)/,!8B0'%*(!6B/!,)/71!(,*,/)#%6*!0,7,&#%6*0!:/69!#',!WY;'%77!0#)(,!%*#6!#%00B,!&B7#B/,!#6!9%*%9%Z,!ITU!%00B,0!%*!6B/!4/,,5%*(!)*5!0,,5!0#6&<@!!M,!)/,!*63!B0%*(!)!&/16#',/)81!9,#'65!)0!3,77!)0!#',!#/)5%#%6*)7!9,#'650!
#')#!3)0!5,.,768,5!%*!6B/!7)4!#6!
/,96.,!.%/B0,0@!!A'%0!#,&'*%NB,!8/,5%&#)471!)*5!NB%&<71!/,96.,0!
.%/B0!:/69!#%00B,!&B7#B/,!0#6&<0@!!LB/!
/,0B7#0!0'63!#')#!3,!)/,!)47,!#6!/,96.,!46#'!ITU!)*5!IT+!:/69!7%*,02!4B#!IT+!&)*!0#%77!4,!5%::%&B7#!#6!/,96.,!%*!&,/#)%*!7%*,0@!!M,!#,0#,5!#',!/,96.)7!6:!ISRT!)*5!0B&&,,5,5@!!L.,/!=X
YY!5%::,/,*#!.)/%,#%,0!)*5!4/,,5%*(!7%*,0!)/,!9)%*#)%*,5!%*!#%00B,!&B7#B/,!:6/!#',!4/,,5%*(!)*5!(,*,#%&0!8/6(/)9@!!
!2A<NV'8?@BCC<6M#L.,/!?Yh!6:!#',!0%*(7,!'%77!0,7,&#%6*0!').,!)!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!8)/,*#!%*!#',%/!
8,5%(/,,@!!LB/!960#!8/69%0%*(!)5.)*&,5!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!7%*,0!)/,!$)&<%*)3!P$+`X_Y;_QP0&)42!7)#,!47%('#!)*5!ITU!/,0%0#)*#Q2!I,#60<,1!P$+TYWY;_Q!P0&)4!/,0%0#)*#Q2!^B/6*
D'%88,/!P$+M_?X;[Q!P7)#,!47%('#!/,0%0#)*#Q2!$+a[_[;=W!P0&)4!/,0%0#)*#Q2!$+M_b_;=P0&)4!/,0%0#)*#Q!)*5!$+a[=>;=!P0&)42!7)#,!47%('#!)*5!ITU!/,0%0#)*#Q@!!M,!').,!069,
*,3,/!7%*,0!#6!&6*0%5,/2!4B#!3,!)/,!/,96.%*(!.%/B0!:/69!#'60,!7%*,0@!M,!)/,!B0%*(!#',
CDIA!#/%)70!#6!96/,!,::,&#%.,71!%5,*#%:1!8/69%0%*(!*,3!0,7,&#%6*0@!!$)*%0#,,!3)0
7%&,*0,5!#6!D)*)5)!)*5!D'%7,@!!+)(%*)3!D'%88,/!)*5!$)&<%*)3!)/,!4,%*(!#,0#,5!%*
"B0#/)7%)!)*5!+6B#'!e6/,)@)5FGBCK?@J#i::6/#0!').,!4,,*!9)5,!#6!%5,*#%:1!7%*,0!3%#'!(665!)88,)/)*&,!3%#'!)*!)##/)&#%.,!0<%*!:%*%0'2!763!%*#,/*)7!5,:,&#02!(665!&66<%*(!NB)7%#12!'%('!9)/<,#)47,!1%,75!)*5!/,0%0#)*&,!
#6!0&)42!
7)#,!47%('#!)*5!ITU@!!LB/!&B//,*#!#)47,0#6&<!5,.,7689,*#!(6)70!*63!)/,!#6!&6*#%*B,!#6!%98/6.,!#',!:/,NB,*&1!6:!0&)4!)*5!ITU!/,0%0#)*#!7%*,02!%*&6/86/)#,!/,0%0#)*&,!#6!7)#,!47%('#!)76*(!3%#'!9)/<,#)47,!9)#B/%#1!)*5!,O&,77,*#!#B4,/!NB)7%#12!)*5!0,7,&#!96/,!/B00,#2!/,5;0<%**,52!)*5!1,7763;:7,0',5!7%*,0@!!M,!').,!)706!4,,*!0,7,&#%*(
!069,!8%(9,*#,5!0<%*!)*5!#B4,/!:7,0'!7%*,0!#')#!:%#!069,!08,&%)7#1!9)/<,#0@!!A',/,!%0!)706!%*#,/,0#!%*!069,!)55%#%6*)7!08,&%)7#1!
9%*%;86#)#6,0!:6/!#',!jA)0#,:B7!+,7,&#%6*0k!9)/<,#@!!M,!').,!%*#,/,0#!
:/69!069,!3,0#,/*!08,&%)7#1!86#)#6!(/63,/0!#6!#,0#!)*5!&699,/&%)7!#',0,!7%*,0@!!H/69!6B/!
4/,,5%*(!,::6/#0!3,!').,!%5,*#%:%,5!960#71!/6B*5!3'%#,!7%*,02!4B#!3,!)706!').,!)!*B94,/!6:!1,7763;:7,0',5!)*5!/,5;0<%**,5!7%*,02!)0!3,77!)0!069,
!8B/87,!0<%*!0,7,&#%6*0!#')#!&)//1!9)*1!6:!#',!&')/)&#,/%0#%&0!9,*#%6*,5!)46.,@!!M,!)/,!)706!0,7,&#%*(!:6/!/6B*5!3'%#,2!/,5;0<%*2!)*5!%98/6.,5!UB<6*!J675;#18,!1,7763;:7,0',5!86#)#6,0@!!+69,!6:!#',!#)47,0#6&<!7%*,0!3,/,!#,0#,5!%*!6*;:)/9!#/%)70!%*![Y[Y2!3'%7,!6#',/0!3,/,!#,0#,5!B*5,/!/,87%&)#,5!&6*5%#%6*0!)#!#',!
$6*#&)79!R,0,)/&'!D,*#,/@!!I/69%0%*(!#)47,0#6&<!7%*,0!%*&7B5,!$+TY>W;=U!
P1,77632!0&)4!/,0%0#)*#Q2!$+A[X[;=U!P0&)4!/,0%0#)*#Q2!$+T=b>;=!
P0&)4!/,0%0#)*#Q2!)*5!$+`W[_;[R!P0&)4!/,0%0#)*#Q@!
$+a=Y>;?II!)*5!$+a=Y>;=YII!Pc7)&<4,//1Q!)/,!8B/87,;:7,0',5!&'%88,/0!
3%#'!5,,8!8B/87,!:7,0'2!/6B*5!0')8,!)*5!)##/)&#%.,!0<%*!)0!3,77!)0!0&)4!/,0%0#)*&,@!g)&NB,7%*,!S,,!P7)#,!47%('#!/,0%0#)*#Q!3)0!7%&,*0,5!#6!"B0#/)7%)!)*5!%0!4,%*(!(/63*!%*!D,*#/)7!"9,/%&)!:6/!%#0!7)#,!47%('#!/,0%0#)*&,@!!
+8)/#)*!+87)0'2!R)084,//12!c7)&<4,//12!$+lXX?
;[RR!PRB41!R60,Q!)*5!6B/!ITU!/,0%0#)*#!
R,5!$)/<,/!m[!86#)#6!)/,!4,%*(!9)/<,#,5!%*!#',!08,&%)7#1!9)/<,#0@!!
c7)&<4,//1!%0!)706!4,%*(!&'%8;8/6&,00,5!41!#',!J/,)#!S)<,0!D'%8!D6@!%*!A/).,/0,!D%#12!$G@!!"#$%#$&%'(&)'#$*+&,$#"#+%'*$&-.$$("'/
%@5Ff!!G*![Y[Y2!3,!')5!#36!76&)#%6*0!#6!,.)7B)#,!0&)4!/,0%0#)*&,f!!)!&699,/&%)7!:%,75!
3%#'!)!'%0#6/1!6:!0,.,/,!0&)4!%*:,&#%6*!P3,!#')*<:B771!)&<*637,5(,!#',!0B886/#!6:!+)&<,##!I6#)#6,0!:6/!#'%0!%986/#)*#!#/%)7Q!)*5!)!'%('71!%*:,&#,5!0%#,!)#!#',!$6*#&)79!R,0,)/&'!D,*#,/@!!G*![Y[Y2!#',!&699,/&%)7!0%#,!)*5!#',!$6*#&)79!R,0,)/&'!D,*#,/!46#'!().,!B0!.,/1!'%('!0&)4!%*:,&#%6*!7,.,70@!A',!0B0&,8#%47,!&',&<0!6:!+*635,*!)*5!"#7)*#%&!3,/,!'%('71!%*:,&#,5!3%#'!8%##,5!0&)4@!I/69%0%*(!/,0%0#)*#!0,7,&#%6*0!3,/,!$+A[X[;=U2!
$+T=b>;=2!$+`W[_;=I2!$+M_b_;Y=2!$+a[=>;=2!$+a[=>;=W2!$+a[=>;=_2!)0!3,77!)0!#',!a;0,/%,0!0,7,&#%6*0!$+a[_[;Yb2!$+a[_[;Y>!)*5!$+a[_[;=W!:/69!#',!&699,/&%)7!0&)4!0%#,@!!G:!16B!,O)9%*,!#',!.)/%,#1!#/%)70!)#!$RD!16B!3%77!*6#%&,!#')#!9)*1!6:!#',!7%*,0!)/,!0&)4!/,0%0#)*#@!!M,!*,,5!#6!&6*#%*B,!%*!#'%0!5%/,&#%6*!6:!9)*1!0,7,&#%6*0!3%#'!0&)4!/,0%0#)*&,!06!3,!&)*!:%*5!#',!(/,)#!0&)4!/,0%0#)*#!&'%88,/!)0!3,77!)0!#)47,!1,7763!)*5!/,5@!!
A',!'%('!7,.,7!6:!0&)4!%*:,&#%6*!)#!#',!6*;:)/9!0%#,!3%#'!)!'%0#6/1!6:!0&)4!%*:,&#%6*!)*5!
$RD!')0!0%(*%:%&)*#71!',78,5!3%#'!6B/!5%0&/%9%*)#%6*!6:!/,0%0#)*&,!)*5!0B0&,8#%4%7%#1!6:!6B/!7%*,0@!A',!$RD!0&)4!0%#,!3)0!B0,5!:6/!)00,00%*(!0&)4!0B0&,8#%4%7%#1!%*!6B/!)5.)*&,5!4/,,5%*(!7%*,0!)*5!,)/71!(,*,/)#%6*!9)#,/%)7!)*5!%0!0B99)/%Z,5!4,763!PH%(B/,!=Q@!!
"77!0B0&,8#%47,!&',&<!876#0!P+*635,*!)*5!"#7)*#%&Q!3,/,!0&6/,5!)0!0B0&,8#%47,@!!!W<M>#:>!!+&)4!E%0,)0,!CB/0,/1!R)#%*(0!:/69!$6*#&)79!R,0,)/&'!D,*#,/!A/%)70c)0,5!B86*!#'%0!5)#)2!0&)4!/,0%0#)*&,!%0!0#/6*(!%*!#',!4/,,5%*(!8/6(/)9@!!M,!7,)5!#',!*)#%6*!%*!0&)4!/,0%0#)*#!7%*,0@!!A'%0!%0!,.%5,*#!%*!#',!CDIA@!!A',0,!5)#)!3,/,!)706!
%*&6/86/)#,5!%*#6!#',!,)/71!(,*,/)#%6*!0,7,&#%6*!,.)7B)#%6*!8/6&,00!)#!S)<,!D%#1@!M,!)/,!0,,%*(!#')#!#'%0!,O8)*5,5!,::6/#!%0!7,)5%*(!#6!96/,!0&)4!/,0%0#)*#!7%*,0!)5.)*&%*(!#'/6B('!#',!4/,,5%*(!8/6(/)9@!!A',!)4%7%#1!#6!0,7,&#!B*5,/!&699,/&%)7!0,##%*(0!)#!+)&<,##!I6#)#6,0!%0!)&&,7,/)#%*(!6B/!)4%7%#1!#6!0,7,&#!:6/!'%('71!0&)4!/,0%0#)*#!.)/%,#%,0@!!$+aYX[;=W2!
$+a[=>;=2!$+a[=>;=W2!$+a[=>;=_2!$+aY[[;Yb2!$+a[_[;Y>!)*5!$+a[_[;=W!)/,!069,!6:!#',!:%/0#!0&)4!/,0%0#)*#!&'%88,/0!#6!)5.)*&,!#'/6B('!#'%0!,::6/#@!
P5KB#+G<MAKS##LB/!08,&%:%&!64V,&#%.,!%0!#6!4/,,5!%98/6.,5!&B7#%.)/0!:6/!#',!%*5B0#/1!#')#!').,!:67%)/!)*5!#B4,/!/,0%0#)*&,!#6!7)#,!47%('#!B0%*(!)!&694%*)#%6*!6:!&6*.,*#%6*)7!4/,,5%*(2!9)/<,/;)00%0#,5!0#/)#,(%,0!)*5!#/)*0(,*%&!)88/6)&',0@!A'/6B('!&6*.,*#%6*)7!
4/,,5%*(!)88/6)&',02!#',!$+-!86#)#6!4/,,5%*(!)*5!(,*,#%&0!8/6(/)9!')0!5,.,768,5!)!0,/%,0!6:!7)#,!47%('#!/,0%0#)*#!)5.)*&,5!4/,,5%*(!7%*,0!)*5!&B7#%.)/0!#')#!').,!5%.,/0,!06B/&,0!6:!/,0%0#)*&,!#6!7)#,!47%('#@!G*![Y[Y!3,!&6*5B&#,5!7)#,!47%('#!#/%)70!)#!#',!$+-!&)98B0@!M,!%*6&B7)#,5!3%#'!#',!-+[W!(,*6#18,!)*5!64#)%*,5!%*:,&#%6*2!4B#!#',!%*:,&#%6*!
36B75!*6#!08/,)5!#'/6B('!#',!:%,75!5B,!#6!5/1!)*5!4/,,Z1!:%,75!&6*5%#%6*0@!!M,!)/,!*6#!
/,86/#%*(!7)#,!47%('#!#/%)7!/,0B7#0!#'%0!1,)/@!!M,!3%77!&6*#%*B,!3%#'!7)#,!47%('#!#/%)70!%*![Y[=!
6*!#',!$+-!&)98B0@!!"#$%
&'()'&)'(*'&*'(+'&+'(,'&,'(
!-.$%
!"#$%&'()#$"*
++,-./012+
-+//
2-23"#*'(4%5%#"&$65
278-80-8+2
.11/
20-9$:*6$;
8.,7.8-1+,10
+1/
++.!"##$%&'()*"(+,-.(/#0%01-&,#
/010"0230
4$"#0.5
63$78/$.#29
<$=%
1>8
?"@6="
1>8
A56B;%5
2>0
C&*"5&$D
2>.
63$78:#;0$;08/$.#298<&
=(>'UXS!M,!)/,!B0%*(!IDR;4)0,5!EC"!9)/<,/0!#6!0,7,&#!86#)#6,0!/,0%0#)*#!#6!ITU@!!A',!(,*,!%0!76&)#,5!6*!D'/696069,!==@!!G*!6B/!:%/0#!/6B*5!3,!9)5,!&/600,0!%*![Y=W!#6!(,*,/)#,!6.,/!b2YYY!8/6(,*1!0,(/,()#%*(!:6/!ITU!/,0%0#)*&,@!i)&'!1,)/!0%*&,![Y=W!3,!)/,!9)<%*(!*,3!&/600,02!9)<%*(!0,7,&#%6*0!)*5!,O8)*5%*(!#',!(,/987)09!4)0,!#')#!')0!ITU!/,0%0#)*&,!PH%(@![Q@!!G*!#',!8)0#!1,)/!3,!#,0#,5!6.,/!=2=YY!8/6(,*1!:6/!#',!ITU!/,0%0#)*&,!9)/<,/@!A',!XXY!#')#!3,/,!9)/<,/!860%#%.,!3,/,!,.)7B)#,5!)#!S)<,!D%#1@!!"46B#!=bY!0,7,&#%6*0!3,/,!9)5,!#6!)5.)*&,!:6/!:B/#',/!,.)7B)#%6*@!!M,!)/,!)706!B0%*(!EC"!9)/<,/0!#6!)706!0&/,,*!:6/!IT`!
/,0%0#)*&,2!ISRT!/,0%0#)*&,2!7)#,!47%('#!/,0%0#)*&,!)*5!J675,*!*,9)#65,!/,0%0#)*&,@!!
"0!)!/,0B7#!6:!#'%0!36/<2!$)&<%*)3!')0!ITU!/,0%0#)*&,@!!$6/,!ITU!/,0%0#)*#!)5.)*&,5!0,7,&#%6*0!)/,!%*!#',!NB,B,!#')#!3%77!4,!,.)7B)#,5!%*![Y[=@!!M,!').,!%5,*#%:%,5!)*!)5.)*&,5!4/,,5%*(!7%*,2!$+DDb[X;[W[!#')#!&694%*,0!#'/,,!.%/B0!/,0%0#)*&,!(,*,0!PITU2!IT`!)*5!ISRTQ@!
!W<M>#!#'UX#8BC<CK56K#CBGB@K<?6C#<6#KAB#F8BB=<6M#N8?M85E###
!!!#######!"##$%&'()*"(+,-(.#/%/01&2#
!"#$
%#&'()
*+!,
!"#$%&&
''(%)*)+,-./0
!"1$%22
34(%)*)+,-./0
!"3$%55
36(%)*)+,-./0
!"7$%88
#9(%)*)+,-./0
!"4$%::
6((%)*)+,-./0
!"9$%;;
11(%)*)+,-./0
$%&#P<6BC#L<KA#2?EEB8@<5G#)85@J<6M!nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn!$%U"YZV:X#'58B6K5MBS#$&c/%5,!O!$+I_Y?;=_U##.B;BG?NB8CS#$%&'%()*!+#)#,!-*%.,/0%#1!)*5!#',!$+-!"(c%6R,0,)/&'@!!'G56K#U58<BK9#'8?KB@K<?6S#A6!c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
nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn!
$5@J<65L#[$%\]Q"VQ^#
'58B6K5MBS!+)(%*)3!D'%88,/!O!S)96<)!!.B;BG?NB8CS!$%&'%()*!+#)#,!-*%.,/0%#1!)*5!#',!$+-!"(c%6R,0,)/&'@!!'G56K#U58<BK9#'8?KB@K<?6S!A6!c,!"887%,5!H6/@!%K8B6MKACS!$+`X_Y;_!%0!)!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!86#)#6!3%#'!/,0%0#)*&,!#6!86#)#6!.%/B0!U!PITUQ2!7)#,!47%('#!P:6+&$;6&6$%(-."#)7&("7Q2!#67,/)*&,!#6!&6996*!0&)4!P<&%);&$=+4)7-74(2.)7Q2!)*5!5,96*0#/)#,5!#67,/)*&,!#6!>)%&.4.**.'=!3%7#@!!A'%0!.)/%,#1!')0!).,/)(,!1%,75!3%#'!)!'%('!08,&%:%&!(/).%#12!)*5!)!'%('!8,/&,*#)(,!6:!";0%Z,!#B4,/0!3%#'!)*!

)##/)&#%.,2!B*%:6/9!0')8,@!!$+`X_Y;_!')0!)!0#/6*(!.%*,!)*5!)!9%5;!#6!7)#,;0,)06*!9)#B/%#1!)*5!')0!5,96*0#/)#,5!,O&,77,*#!76*(;#,/9!0#6/)(,!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!NB)7%#1@!!
$+`X_Y;_!')0!8,/:6/9,5!3,77!%*!9B7#%87,!76&)#%6*0!%*!#',!I6#)#6,0-+"!C)#%6*)7!D'%8!I/6&,00%*(!A/%)70!PCDIAQ@!!/6@B6K<;BC#O?8#N8?=7@K<?6S!!S6*(;#,/9!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!NB)7%#1!3%#'!/,0%0#)*&,!#6!ITU!)*5!7)#,!47%('#2!)*5!#67,/)*&,!#6!&6996*!0&)4@!!!
!"#$%"&"'()*&+,%*#*)-.#(/-()/0++'G56KS!$,5%B9!',%('#!.%*,2!0,9%;,/,&#!3%#'!)!4)7)*&,!4,#3,,*!0#,90!)*5!:67%)(,!.%0%47,2!)*5!:763,/0@!)7FB8CS!R6B*5!#B4,/0!3%#'!7%('#71!*,##,52!#)*!&676/,5!0<%*@!!AB4,/0!').,!)!&/,)91;3'%#,!
:7,0'!3%#'!)!763!%*&%5,*&,!6:!%*#,/*)7!5,:,&#0@!
1'#"2"3()+,%*#*)-.#(/-()/0+U<6B#$5K78<K9S!$%5;!#6!7)#,;0,)06*!9)#B/%#1@!)7FB8CS!+966#'!0')8,5!#B4,/0!3%#'!7%('#71!*,##,52!#)*!&676/,5!0<%*!)*5!)!&/,)91;3'%#,!

:7,0'@!!!X<BG=S!".,/)(,!1%,75!B*5,/!%//%()#,5!&6*5%#%6*02!3%#'!B*%:6/9!";0%Z,!#B4,/0@!
%NB@<O<@#185;<K9S!".,/)(,0!0%9%7)/!#6!)46.,!+*635,*!%*!$%&'%()*@!
27G<6589#_75G<K9S!D'%8;8/6&,00,0!:/69!0'6/#!#6!76*(;#,/9!0#6/)(,@!.<CB5CBCS!R,0%0#)*#!#6!ITU!)*5!7)#,!47%('#!P:6+&$;6&6$%(-."#)7&("7Q2!#67,/)*#!#6!&6996*!0&)4!P<&%);&$=+4)7-74(2.)7Q@!!!nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn!!"#$%&"'
([$%U"Z"VQ^!'58B6K5MBS!c,)&6*!D'%88,/!O!
$+J[[b;[!.B;BG?NB8CS!$%&'%()*!+#)#,!-*%.,/0%#1!)*5!#',!$+-!"(c%6R,0,)/&'@!!'G56K#U58<BK9#'8?KB@K<?6S!A6!c,!"887%,5!H6/@!%K8B6MKACS!I,#60<,1!%0!)!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!86#)#6!3%#'!/,0%0#)*&,!#6!&6996*!0&)4!P<&%);&$=+4)7-74(2.)7Q@!!A'%0!.)/%,#1!')0!'%('!08,&%:%&!(/).%#1!)*5!1%,75!86#,*#%)72!3%#'!)##/)&#%.,2!B*%:6/971!/6B*5!#B4,/0@!!I,#60<,1!')0!)!9,5%B9!.%*,!)*5!)!9%5;0,)06*!9)#B/%#1!)*5!')0!5,96*0#/)#,5!,O&,77,*#!76*(;#,/9!0#6/)(,!&'%8;
8/6&,00%*(!NB)7%#1@!!$+TYWY;_!')0!8,/:6/9,5!3,77!%*!$%&'%()*!)*5!9B7#%87,!76&)#%6*0!%*!#',!I6#)#6,0-+"!C)#%6*)7!D'%8!I/6&,00%*(!A/%)70!PCDIAQ!)*5!*)#%6*)7!+H"!P+C)DQ!#/%)70@!/6@B6K<;BC#O?8#N8?=7@K<?6S!!iO&,77,*#!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!NB)7%#1!6B#!6:!#',!:%,75!)*5!76*(;#,/9!&'%8!NB)7%#1!3%#'!'%('!08,&%:%&!(/).%#1!)*5!/,0%0#)*&,!#6!&6996*!0&)42!)*5!)!(665!0%Z,!8/6:%7,!6:!B*%:6/92!/6B*5!#B4,/0@!!!!"#$%"&"'()*&+,%*#*)-.#(/-()/0++'G56KS!$,5%B9!',%('#!.%*,2!0,9%;,/,&#!3%#'!)!4)7)*&,!4,#3,,*!0#,90!)*5!:67%)(,!.%0%47,2!)*5!:763,/0@!)7FB8CS!-*%:6/92!0966#'2!/6B*5!#B4,/0!3%#'!7%('#71!*,##,52!#)*!&676/,5!0<%*@!!AB4,/0!').,!)!3'%#,!:7,0'!3%#'!)!763!%*&%5,*&,!6:!%*#,/*)7!5,:,&#0@!
1'#"2"3()+,%*#*)-.#(/-()/0+U<6B#$5K78<K9S!$%5;:B77!0,)06*!9)#B/%#1@!)7FB8CS!+966#'2!/6B*5!#B4,/0!3%#'!7%('#71!*,##,52!#)*!&676/,5!0<%*!)*5!3'%#,!:7,0'@!!!

X<BG=S!"46.,!).,/)(,!1%,75!B*5,/!%//%()#,5!&6*5%#%6*02!3%#'!B*%:6/9!#B4,/0@!%NB@<O<@#185;<K9S!".,/)(,0!'%(',/!#')*!"#7)*#%&!)*5!+*635,*@!
27G<6589#_75G<K9S!D'%8;8/6&,00,0!:/69!0'6/#!)*5!76*(;#,/9!0#6/)(,@!.<CB5CBCS!R,0%0#)*#!#6!&6996*!0&)4!P<&%);&$=+4)7-74(2.)7Q@!!!nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn!378?6#2A<NNB8#[$%TQR]V!^#'58B6K5MBS!$+lYbY;=!O!$+R=X];b!.B;BG?NB8CS!$%&'%()*!+#)#,!-*%.,/0%#1!)*5!#',!$+-!"(c%6R,0,)/&'@!!'G56K#U58<BK9#'8?KB@K<?6S!A6!c,!"887%,5!H6/@!%K8B6MKACS!$+M_?X!%0!)!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!86#)#6!3%#'!/,0%0#)*&,!#6!)*5!7)#,!47%('#!P:6+&$;6&6$%(-."#)7&("7Q2!)*5!0#/6*(,/!#67,/)*&,!#6!&6996*!0&)4!P<&%);&$=+4)7-74(2.)7Q!#')*!"#7)*#%&@!!!!A'%0!.)/%,#1!')0!'%('!1%,75!)*5!(665!08,&%:%&!(/).%#12!3%#'!)##/)&#%.,2!B*%:6/971!/6B*5!#B4,/0@!!$+M_?X;[!')0!)!0#/6*(!.%*,!)*5!)!9%5;0,)06*!9)#B/%#1!)*5!')0!5,96*0#/)#,5!,O&,77,*#!76*(;#,/9!
0#6/)(,!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!NB)7%#1@!!$+M_?X;[!')0!8,/:6/9,5!3,77!%*!9B7#%87,!76&)#%6*0!%*!#',!I6#)#6,0-+"!C)#%6*)7!D'%8!I/6&,00%*(!A/%)70!PCDIAQ!)*5!*)#%6*)7!+H"!P+C)DQ!#/%)70@!/6@B6K<;BC#O?8#N8?=7@K<?6S!!iO&,77,*#!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!NB)7%#1!6B#!6:!#',!:%,75!)*5!76*(;#,/9!&'%8!NB)7%#1!3%#'!/,0%0#)*&,!#6!7)#,!47%('#!)*5!)!(665!0%Z,!8/6:%7,@!!!
!"#$%"&"'()*&+,%*#*)-.#(/-()/0++'G56KS!$,5%B9!',%('#!.%*,2!0,9%;,/,&#!3%#'!)!4)7)*&,!4,#3,,*!0#,90!)*5!:67%)(,!.%0%47,2!)*5!:763,/0@!)7FB8CS!-*%:6/92!0966#'2!/6B*5!#B4,/0!3%#'!7%('#71!*,##,52!#)*!&676/,5!0<%*@!!AB4,/0!').,!)!3'%#,!:7,0'!3%#'!)!763!%*&%5,*&,!6:!%*#,/*)7!5,:,&#0@!
!1'#"2"3()+,%*#*)-.#(/-()/0+U<6B#$5K78<K9S!$%5;0,)06*!9)#B/%#1@!)7FB8CS!+966#'2!/6B*5!#B4,/0!3%#'!7%('#71!*,##,52!#)*!&676/,5!0<%*!)*5!)!3'%#,!:7,0'@!!!

X<BG=S!"46.,!).,/)(,!1%,75!B*5,/!%//%()#,5!&6*5%#%6*02!3%#'!B*%:6/9!#B4,/0@!
%NB@<O<@#185;<K9S!".,/)(,0!0%9%7)/!#6!)46.,!"#7)*#%&!)*5!+*635,*@!
27G<6589#_75G<K9S!D'%8;8/6&,00,0!:/69!0'6/#!#6!76*(;#,/9!0#6/)(,@!.<CB5CBCS!R,0%0#)*#!#6!7)#,!47%('#!P:6+&$;6&6$%(-."#)7&("7Q!)*5!#67,/)*#!#6!&6996*!0&)4!P<&%);&$=+4)7-74(2.)7Q@!!!nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn!####!+G5@JFB889#[$%I:"YV:"''^#!'58B6K5MBS!DL$CYb;M==[cJ=!O!$+-[YY;XII!.B;BG?NB8CS!$%&'%()*!+#)#,!-*%.,/0%#1!)*5!#',!$+-!"(c%6R,0,)/&'!'G56K#U58<BK9#'8?KB@K<?6S!A6!c,!"887%,5!H6/@!!%K8B6MKACS!c7)&<4,//1!%0!)!#)47,0#6&<!.)/%,#1!3%#'!B*%NB,!8B/87,!0<%*!)*5!)!5,,8!8B/87,!:7,0'@!!A',!#B4,/0!').,!)*!)##/)&#%.,2!B*%:6/92!/6B*5!0')8,!)*5!)!8B/87,!:7,0'!3%#'!&6996*!0&)4!/,0%0#)*&,!)*5!763!%*&%5,*&,!6:!%*#,/*)7!5,:,&#0@!!U%,75!&)*!4,!'%('!B*5,/!%//%()#,5!&6*5%#%6*0@!!c7)&<4,//1!3%77!)706!&'%8;8/6&,00!6B#!6:!#',!:%,75@!!/6@B6K<;BC#O?8#N8?=7@K<?6S##A',!B*%NB,!8B/87,!0<%*!)*5!8B/87,!:7,0'!6:!#',!#B4,/0!6:!c7)&<4,//1!6::,/!)!B*%NB,!86#)#6!#')#!&6B75!7,*5!%#0,7:!#6!#',!08,&%)7#1!.)/%,#1!9)/<,#2!0B&'!)0!(6B/9,#!/,0#)B/)*#0!)*5!:665!0#6/,02!)0!3,77!)0!:)/9!)*5!/6)5;0%5,!9)/<,#0@!!A',!8/%9)/1!9)/<,#!:6/!#'%0!&76*,!3%77!4,!:)/9!9)/<,#!)*5!5%/,&#!/,#)%7!0)7,!(/63,/02!)*5!'69,!()/5,*,/0@!!A'%0!.)/%,#1!%0!)706!B0,5!)0!)!(6B/9,#!&'%8!8/6&,00%*(!.)/%,#1@!
#!"#$%"&"'()*&+,%*#*)-.#(/-()/0+'G56KS!HB77;0%Z,5!.%*,2!0,9%;,/,&#!3%#'!)!4)7)*&,!4,#3,,*!0#,90!)*5!:67%)(,!.%0%47,2!)*5!:763,/0@!)7FB8CS!R6B*5!#B4,/0!3%#'!)!0966#'!0<%*!)*5!B*%NB,!8B/87,!0<%*!)*5!8B/87,!:7,0'!&676/@!!AB4,/0!').,!)!5,,8!8B/87,!:7,0'!3%#'!)!763!%*&%5,*&,!6:!%*#,/*)7!5,:,&#0@#1'#"2"3()+,%*#*)-.#(/-()/0+$5K78<K9S!$%5;0,)06*@!)7FB8CS!R6B*5!#B4,/0!3%#'!B*%NB,!8B/87,!0<%*!)*5!5,,8!8B/87,!:7,0'@!!!
X<BG=S!"46.,!).,/)(,!1%,75@!%NB@<O<@#185;<K9S!".,/)(,0!=@Y]X!%*!$%&'%()*@!
27G<6589#_75G<K9S!J6B/9,#!08,&%)7#1!3%#'!5,,8!8B/87,!:7,0'!)*5!)706!&'%8;8/6&,00,0@!
.<CB5CBCS!J665!&6996*!0&)4!/,0%0#)*&,@!nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn!!"#$%$
&'(!!"#$%&
'()*+!",-(-
'.
!/001+234516+"/6+7839+:;<53=2
!>?>?+"@.AB++C4D2+/001+3
EE0D=84DE+F3=4F
!G3H852+F7<I+=054D<E=
!C3D;F'
JD44+3E+=3FF;4+7;5=;D4
*NNG<@5K<?6#?O#$?GB@7G58#$58JB8C#<6#$%&#'?K5K?#+8BB=<6M#M%#'!#',!5,.,7689,*#!6:!967,&B7)/!9)/<,/0!:6/!86#)#6!4/,,5%*(2!9)/<,/;
)00%0#,5!0,7,&#%6*!')0!4,,*!%*&6/86/)#,5!%*#6!6B/!/6B#%*,!4/,,5%*(!8/)&#%&,!)*5!(/,)#71!:)&%7%#)#,!#',!0,7,&#%6*!8/6&,00@!+69,!6:!#',!9)%*!9)/<,/0!#')#!)/,!B0,5!)#!$+-!%*&7B5,f!?@<AB!)*5!$]2!:$&(&$-5.%'7-@!PITUQ!/,0%0#)*&,!9)/<,/0d!?C<:2!)!:$&(&$-5.%'7-D!PIT`Q!/,0%0#)*&,!9)/<,/d!EFGHI2!)!J675,*!C,9)#65,!/,0%0#)*&,!9)/<,/d!Rc!)*5!R?2!7)#,!47%('#!/,0%0#)*&,!9)/<,/9-ITU!9)/<,/0!').,!4,,*!#',!960#!:/,NB,*#71!B0,5!#6670!#6!)00%0#!0,7,&#%6*!%*!6B/!8/6(/)9!5B,!#6!#',!%986/#)*&,!6:!ITU!/,0%0#)*&,@-"&&6/5%*(!#6!#',!8,5%(/,,02!0,7,&#%6*0!:/69!6B/!0%*(7,;'%77!#/%)7!P=!"!1,)/!6:!:%,75!0,7,&#%6*Q!)/,!0&/,,*,5!:6/!ITU!9)/<,/0!,.,/1!1,)/@!A'%0!)7763,5!:6/!)!8/%6/%#%Z)#%6*!6:!#',!08)&,!%*!#',!:%,752!)*5!
:6/!,)/7%,/2!96/,!%*:6/9,5!5,&%0%6*0!%*!.)/%,#1!0,7,&#%6*@!!A',!#/)%#!9)88%*(!868B7)#%6*0!').,!4,,*!)!9)V6/!/,0,)/&'!:6&B0!:6/!B0!6.,/!#',!8/,.%6B0!:6B/!1,)/0!)0!3,!#/1!#6!&6//,7)#,!#',!:%,75!5)#)!3%#'!#',!(,*,#%&!9)/<,/0@!!M,!*63!').,!EC"!+CI!9)/<,/0!7%*<,5!#6!7)#,!47%('#!/,0%0#)*&,2!0&)4!/,0%0#)*&,2!&'%8!&676/2!#B4,/!
)08)/)(%*,!)*5!08,&%:%&!(/).%#1@!M,!3%77!*63!0#)/#!B0%*(!#'%0!7%*<)(,!%*:6/9)#%6*!#6!)00%0#!B0!%*!4/,,5%*(@!LB/!:%/0#!+CI!9)/<,/!%0!7%*<,5!#6!)!(,*,!:6/!7)#,!47%('#!/,0%0#)*&,!6*!D'/@!>!)*5!#',!0,&6*5!%0!76&)#,5!6*!D'/@!=Y!3%#'!*,3!6*,0!/,&,*#71!%5,*#%:%,5!6*!D'/@!_!)*5!D'/@!X@!!A',!)4%7%#1!#6!B0,!#',!EC"!9)/<,/0!#6!0#)&<!)!0,#!6:!7)#,!47%('#!/,0%0#)*&,!(,*,0!3%77!7,)5!#6!
5B/)47,!7)#,!47%('#!/,0%0#)*&,@!!M,!)/,!*63!4/%*(%*(!%*!7)#,!47%('#!/,0%0#)*&,!(,*,0!:/69!(,/987)09!:/69!iB/68,!)*5!D'%*)@!!"#$%$
&'!!"#$%&
'()*
!"+,$-
'.
!(&(&*"#./
!0112*345627*"07*894:*;<=64>3
!"8=?*@5A4A>=B>
!C4@<A'
D@55*4B*>4AA<5*8<6><@5
Decoding 
S. Chacoense
-derived Colorado Potato Beetle Resistance
 Introgression of Colorado potato beetle resistance from 
S. chacoense
-derived 
diploid recombinant inbred lines into cultivated backgrounds is being conducted through 
GREEEN funding. Subsequent marker assisted selection will yield diploid breeding lines 

with beetle resistance and desirable tuber traits. The spatio
-temporal d
urability of this 
glycoalkaloid-
based host plant resistance will be assessed using Colorado potato beetle 
populations from potato growing regions across the nation and examining 10 successive 

generations of beetles grown on host plant resistant material. Furthermore, the 

development of cross-
resistance by beetles grown on host plant resistant material to 
commercial insecticides will be examined to inform the most sustainable deployment of 

this germplasm. We have made crosses to introgress the beetle resistance. We will be 

able to use DNA markers to track the resistance genes as we continue to breed.
 Developing CPB Resistant Inbred Lines
 Overcoming Self
-Incompatibility in Diploid Potato Using CRISPR
-Cas9 
The aim of this project was to generate a targeted knock
-out (KO) of the 
S-RNase 
gene, involved in gametophytic self-incompatibility in diploid potatoes, using 

CRISPR/Cas9 technology in an 
effort to avoid self
-pollen degradation. We identified 
S- 

RNase 
alleles with flower
-specific expression in two diploid self-
incompatible lines using 
genome resequencing data. 
S-RNase 
gene mapped to chromosome 1 within a low 
recombination region. 
S-
RNase 
KO lines were obtained causing premature stop codons. 
Fruits were set in selected KO and produced viable T1 seeds, and a Cas9
-free KO line. 
Our results suggest that creating 
S-RNase 
KO can contribute to generation of self- 
&698)#%47,!7%*,0!)0!)!:%/0#!0#,8!:6/!#',!(,*,/)#%6*!6:!&699,/&%)7!5%876%5!&B7#%.)/0@!!A'%0!%0!
*63!)*!%986/#)*#!#/)%#!#6!36/<!3%#'!%*!6B/!5%876%5!4/,,5%*(@!
1B6B#-=<K<6M#<6#.<NG?<=#'?K5K?#A',!$+-!I6#)#6!c/,,5%*(!)*5!J,*,#%&0!8/6(/)9!')0!5,.,768,5!5%876%5!(,/987)09!3%#'!%986/#)*#!)(/6*69%&!NB)7%#%,0@!A',0,!7%*,0!&)*!4,!:B/#',/!&')/)&#,/%Z,5!6*!#/)%#0!:6/!#',!B0,!6:!(,*,!,5%#%*(@!A'B02!#',!:%/0#!64V,&#%.,!6:!#'%0!8/6V,&#!%0!#6!
&')/)&#,/%Z,!#',!$+-!5%876%5!(,/987)09!:6/!%986/#)*#!967,&B7)/!)*5!96/8'676(%&)7!#/)%#0!0B&'!)0!/,(,*,/)#%6*!&)8)4%7%#1@!A',!0,&6*5!9)V6/!64V,&#%.,!%0!#6!B0,!(,*,!,5%#%*(2!*)9,712!DRG+IR;D)0>!#6!<*6&<6B#!.)&B67)/!%*.,/#)0,!P>L"5Q!)*5!IIL!%*!0,7,&#!5%876%5!7%*,0@!A',!6.,/)77!(6)7!%0!#6!:B/#',/!)5.)*&,!#',!5%876%5!4/,,5%*(!8/6(/)9!41!%*#/65B&%*(!,&6*69%&)771!%986/#)*#!#/)%#0!)*5!8/6.%*(!#',!B#%7%#1!6:!(,*,!,5%#%*(!%*!86#)#6@!!!
.<A5NG?<=#'?K5K?#'8?=7@K<?6#5K#$<@A<M56#%K5KB#&6<;B8C<K9#A',!4,*,:%#0!6:!5,.,768%*(!)!/%&',/!(,/987)09!6:!5%')876%5!86#)#6,0!4/%*(0!#',!%*5B0#/1!,.,/!&760,/!#6!#',!,O8)*0%.,!&')*(,0!#')#!36B75!&69,!3%#'!5%876%5!86#)#6,0@!$)*1!6:!#',!5%::%&B7#%,0!)006&%)#,5!3%#'!#,#/)876%5!86#)#6,02!0B&'!)0!8/647,90!3%#'!0,,5!0#6/)(,2!36B75!4,!(/,)#71!/,5B&,5!%:!#',!86#)#6!')5!)!763,/2!)*5!#',/,:6/,!7,00!&6987%&)#,52!876%51@!LB/!(6)7!%0!#6!5,.,768!)!4/6)5;4)0,5!5%')876%5!(,/987)09!#')#!&)*!
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e!I6#)#6!+CI!)//)1!:6/!876%51!5,#,/9%*)#%6*@!A',0,!5%')876%50!3,/,!#',*!#,0#,5!:6/!5%0,)0,!/,0%0#)*&,!9)/<,/0f!RU+DWo!PI6#)#6!T%/B0!U!,O#/,9,!/,0%0#)*&,Q2!JC!PJ675,*!C,9)#65,Q!/,0%0#)*&,2!)*5!IT`!/,0%0#)*&,@!A'60,!3%#'!)!g)&NB,7%*,!S,,!7%*,)(,!3,/,!)706!#,0#,5!:6/!8/,0,*&,!6:!7)#,!47%('#!/,0%0#)*&,!.%)!)!+CI!e"+I!)00)1@!D6*:%/9,5!5%')876%50!3,/,!&/600,5!3%#'!)!5%876%5!0,7:;&698)#%47,!%*4/,5!7%*,!6:!<9-46(4$)"7)2!$]!#6!%*#/6(/,00!0,7:;&698)#%4%7%#1@!L:!#',!'B*5/,50!6:!0,,50!8/65B&,5!%*!#',!8)0#!]!1,)/0!:/69!#',0,!5%')876%5!&/600,0!3%#'![_!4/,,5%*(!7%*,0!6/!.)/%,#%,02!)46B#![YY!8/6(,*1!').,!4,,*!&6*:%/9,5!)0!5%876%5@!!A',0,!5%')876%50!P5%876%50!5,/%.,5!:/69!#,#/)876%5!.)/%,#%,0Q!)/,!#',!:6B*5)#%6*!6:!6B/!5%876%5!
4/,,5%*(!8/6(/)9!:6/!/6B*5!3'%#,!86#)#6,0!:6/!#',!&'%8!)*5!#)47,!9)/<,#0@!!M,!').,!)706!
*63!0,7,&#,5!069,!/B00,#!5%')876%50!)*5!3%77!4,!0,7,&#%*(!069,!/,5!5%')876%50!)*5!3,77!
)0!96/,!&'%88,/02!#)47,!)*5!/B00,#0!%*![Y[=@!/6K8?M8BCC<6M#%BGOV@?EN5K<F<G<K9#K?#4"&*263+-67.#"/63#.<A5NG?<=C#O?8#.<NG?<=#U58<BK9#.B;BG?NEB6K#E%')876%50!6:!&B7#%.)#,5!86#)#6!P<$*("'=-&'2)%$7'=!S@Q!').,!4,,*!8/65B&,5!:6/!6.,/!XY!1,)/0!#6!/,5B&,!#',!4/,,5%*(!)*5!(,*,#%&!&')77,*(,0!6:!)B#68671876%51@!$60#!5%')876%50!)/,!9)7,!0#,/%7,!P$+Q!#')#!/,5B&,0!#',!4,*,:%#!6:!763,/!876%51!7,.,7!6:!
&B7#%.)#,5!#,#/)876%5!86#)#6@!G*!#'%0!0#B512!3,!B0,5!#'/,,!0,7:;&698)#%4%7%#1!P+DQ!56*6/0!#6!
%*#/6(/,00!+D!%*#6!)!3%5,!/)*(,!6:!5%')876%5!(,/987)09!#'/6B('!)!0,/%,0!6:!&/600,0!#6!5%')876%50!3'%&'!3,!/,:,/!#6!)0!<9-&'2)%$7'=!4)&<&/600%*(@!A',!+D!%*&/,)0,5!:/69!==h!%*!#',!H#$(,*,/)#%6*!#6!WWh!%*!#',!cD%$(,*,/)#%6*0@!L.,/!]2YYY!(,*69,;3%5,!+CI0!3,/,!B0,5!#6!&')/)&#,/%Z,!#',!(,/987)09!5%.,/0%#12!',#,/6Z1(60%#12!)*5!0#/B&#B/,!%*!#36!4)&<&/600%*(!(,*,/)#%6*0@!A',!cD&!(,*,/)#%6*!3)0!0%(*%:%&)*#71!%98/6.,5!/,()/5%*(!9)#B/%#12!0&)4!/,0%0#)*&,2!).,/)(,!#B4,/!*B94,/@!!G*![Y[Y2!3,!1%,75!#,0#,5!=[!7%*,0@!!i%('#!

7%*,0!3,/,!,NB)7!6/!4,##,/!#')*!C6/7)*5!%*!1%,75@!
#2B8K<O<B=#0W)#$<6<K7FB8#'8?=7@K<?6#5K#$<@A<M56#%K5KB#&6<;B8C<K9#!+%*&,![Y=]2!#',!$+-!I6#)#6!c/,,5%*(!8/6(/)9!')0!68,/)#,5!%#0!63*!&,/#%:%,5!
CHA!9%*%#B4,/!8/65B&#%6*!(/,,*'6B0,@!A',!)4%7%#1!#6!8/65B&,!&,/#%:%,5!0,,5!)77630!:)0#,/!%*#/65B&#%6*!6:!,)/71!(,*,/)#%6*!9)#,/%)7!#6!#',!86#)#6!%*5B0#/1@!G#!)706!',780!860%#%6*!#',!8/6(/)9!:6/!8)/#%&%8)#%6*!%*!%*#,/*)#%6*)7!#/%)70@!!
!!#
1B8ENG5CE#-6A56@BEB6K#!A',!5%876%5!(,*,#%&!9)#,/%)7!/,8/,0,*#!9)#,/%)7!:/69!+6B#'!"9,/%&)*!86#)#6!08,&%,0!)*5!6#',/!&6B*#/%,0!)/6B*5!#',!36/75!#')#!)/,!86#,*#%)7!06B/&,0!6:!/,0%0#)*&,!#6!D676/)56!86#)#6!4,,#7,2!7)#,!47%('#2!86#)#6!,)/71!5%,2!)*5!)4%7%#1!#6!&675;&'%8!8/6&,00@!!M,!)/,!*63!87)&%*(!96/,!,98')0%0!6*!#',!5%876%5!4/,,5%*(!,::6/#!4,&)B0,!6:!#',!)5.)*#)(,0!#',!4/,,5%*(!010#,9!4/%*(0!3',*!3,!%*#/65B&,!#',!)4%7%#1!#6!0,7:;8677%*)#,!)!7%*,@!!H,)#B/,0!6:!5%876%5!
4/,,5%*(!%*&7B5,!=Q!)!
0%987,/!(,*,#%&!010#,9!#')*!&B//,*#!4/,,5%*(!9,#'6502![Q!#/,9,*56B0!(,*,#%&!5%.,/0%#1!:6/!,&6*69%&!#/)%#02!WQ!9%*%9)7!&/600%*(!4)//%,/0!#6!&B7#%.)#,5!86#)#62!_Q!#',!
)4%7%#1!#6!/,5B&,!
(,*,#%&!76)5!P6/!866/!&694%*)#%6*0Q!
#'/6B('!0,7:%*(!)*5!XQ!#',!)4%7%#1!#6!&/,)#,!
#/B,!4/,,5%*(!7%*,0!7%<,!3',)#2!0614,)*0!)*5!5/1!4,)*0@!!M,!)/,!)706!B0%*(!069,!!"!"#$%&'()(%*#+%%*#,&-*./'(-0#1'#2+3
!"#$%&'()*+$,-+###$./(/012)3*
!"#$
%&'$()
*$+,(-)
./,0-'$((1
!"##2,0-"#,3
$!##%&'(&)*+,-./012
3##4$56)-$1
$!##4*5062//7
$###80*/9*+,42:,;",<42:,%*/=2/,;">
?###2789:;
<=>$@##%8A?!?
B"4C@#%8D?"!
B$-$###%8E$#F
B#@44$###%8E$#F
B#G--
"!#%8E$#F
B#3--
!@#%8E$"#
B!
"G#%8E"$F
B$??!#27?@A@
<=;$!##!"#$
%&'$()
*$+,(-)
H*1=*5=*
$$##I(2'=
H*1JF$J#?
$@##KLBM+N2/9*52
O25&/22
F@#I(2'=
O25JFCJ#C
G@#KLBO/P.)(9
4*+)2/,4.5529
@##I(2'=
44J$"#J?
!@#KLBO/P.)(9
44J$"#J!
!?#KLBO/P.)(9
44JFCJ?"
!3#KLBO/P.)(9
80.+9*
!@#I(2'=
80.+9*
BK"!##Q8RMO
BS9B'/7@
O&*T*+9
@##I(2'=
OMR
B%8Q
BQS,?,2N2+95
$###,2*J
Q8RMO
BUSK/*+P1*
?##I(2'=
K4R
B%8Q
BQK,
G,2N2+95
?##,2*J
Q8RMO
BUS%*4/,5!7%*,0!6:!<9-46(4$)"7)!#')#!').,!:,/#%7%#1!)*5!.%(6/!P)706!)!06B/&,!6:!>)%&.4.**.'=!3%7#!/,0%0#)*&,!#6!%*%#%)#,!6B/!,::6/#0!#6!5,.,768!%*4/,5!7%*,0!3%#'!6B/!63*!5%876%5!(,/987)09@!!M,!').,!6.,/!_Y!868B7)#%6*0!#')#!3,!').,!&1&7,5!X!(,*,/)#%6*0!#6!%98/6.,!:6/!0,7:;&698)#%4%7%#1!)*5!#B4,/!#/)%#0@!!M,!').,!)706!4,,*!&/600%*(!0,7:;&698)#%47,!56*6/0!#6!#',!5%')876%50!6:!"#7)*#%&2!+B8,/%6/2!$)*%0#,,2!$+a[=>;=_2!e)7<)0<)2!$+R=[b;[2!$++Xb];X+IS!)*5!6#',/0!06!3,!&)*!5,.,768!%*4/,5!&'%8;8/6&,00%*(!5%876%5!7%*,0@!!A'%0!*,3!5%876%5!86#)#6!4/,,5%*(!8/6V,&#!%0!,O8)*5%*(!#6!5,.,768!8/69%0%*(!7%*,0!#6!B0,!)0!8)/,*#0!%*!#',!
:B#B/,!)0!3,77!)0!#6!#'%*<!)46B#!H=!'14/%5!.)/%,#%,0@!!!!
#/6KBM85K<?6#?O#1B6BK<@#-6M<6BB8<6M#L<KA#'?K5K?#+8BB=<6M!!$+-!&6*5B&#0!(,*,#%&!,*(%*,,/%*(!/,0,)/&'!#6!%*#/6(/,00!)*5!#,0#!,&6*69%&)771!

%986/#)*#!#/)%#0!%*#6!86#)#6@!!M,!').,!)!-+"GE;:B*5,5!8/6V,&#!#6!&/,)#,!)*5!
&699,/&%)7%Z,!W;R;(,*,!86#)#6!.)/%,#%,0!%*!c)*(7)5,0'!)*5!G*56*,0%)@!!A'%0!)!8)/#*,/0'%8!3%#'!+%9876#!I7)*#!+&%,*&,0@!!+%9876#!')0!4,,*!&/,)#%*(!#',!87)*#0!:6/!#',!#)/(,#!
&6B*#/%,0@!![Y=>!)*5![Y[Y!(/,,*'6B0,!)*5!:%,75!#/%)70!0'63!#')#!)!'%('!7,.,7!6:!/,0%0#)*&,!#6!7)#,!47%('#!')0!4,,*!)&'%,.,5!%*!,.,*#0!#')#!').,!*6!4)&<46*,!)*5!)/,!0%*(7,!%*0,/#0@!!HB/#',/!#/%)70!)/,!87)**,5!:6/![Y[=@!!!!!M,!').,!)706!(,*,/)#,5!7%*,0!3%#'!#',!(,*,0!:6/!3)#,/!B0,!,::%&%,*&1@!!A',!
`iRGDL!(,*,!%0!0'63%*(!#',!960#!8/69%0,@!H/69![Y=?!#6![Y[Y2!3,!&6*5B&#,5!#/%)70!)#!$RD!3%#'!R)*(,/!RB00,#!,.,*#0@!!A',0,!/,0B7#0!)/,!%*5%&)#%*(!#')#!3,!)/,!*6#!0,,%*(!)!1%,75!/,5B&#%6*!:/69!#',!`iRGDL!(,*,!)*5!#',!`iRGDL!,.,*#0!)706!')5!)!'%(',/!08,&%:%&!(/).%#1!#')*!R)*(,/!RB00,#@!G*![Y[Y2!3,!3%77!&6*#%*B,!:%,75!#/%)70!)#!$RD@!S)0#712!
3,!').,!(,*,/)#,5!)*5!0,7,&#,5!)!e)7<)0<)!%*.,/#)0,!0%7,*&%*(!7%*,!Pe)7>=@YWQ!#')#!')0!/,0%0#)*&,!#6!)&&B9B7)#%*(!/,5B&%*(!0B()/0!%*!&675!P_Y
¡HQ!0#6/)(,@!!M,!#,0#,5!#',!)(/6*69%&!&')/)&#,/%0#%&0!6:!e)7>=@YW!:/69![Y=];[Y=>@!A',!%*%#%)7!/,0B7#0!)/,!0B((,0#%*(!
#')#!#',!%*.,/#)0,!0%7,*&%*(!7%*,!')0!(665!#B4,/!#18,2!0%Z,!)*5!0%9%7)/!08,&%:%&!(/).%#1@!
A'%0!0B((,0#0!#')#!3,!&)*!&6//,&#!0B()/!%00B,0!%*!)!&'%8!8/6&,00%*(!7%*,0!3%#'!#'%0!(,*,#%&!,*(%*,,/%*(!0#/)#,(1@!!G*![Y[Y2!3,!8/65B&,5!`iRGDL!,.,*#0!)*5!e)7>=@YW!%*!#',!CHA!(/,,*'6B0,!#6!/B*!7)/(,/!#/%)70!%*![Y[=@!!!"#$%&
!"#$
%&'"()*$+(#,&&$-".,#/0*,
1),.2$-#)/.
34),.2
3+5,*)!)*$6#/7)(8
XERICO Drought Agronomic Trial MRC 2020
US#1 & TOTAL YIELD (cwt/a)
SP GR0501001502002503003501.0551.0601.0651.0701.0751.080DES.98.3DES.98.6
DES.98.8DESIREEDES.98.80
DES.98.08RR.98.36
RR.98.32RR.120.3RR.120.5RR.120.12RR.120.4RR.120.22RR.120.6RANGER RUSSETRR.98.24Desiree
Ranger RussetTrial / Line ordered by TOTAL (descending)
Mean(US#1)Mean(TOTAL)
Mean(SP GR)Chipped directly after 3 months at 40F "#$%&$'(!!")%*!+,-$./0123/14.-.4)5!678!9:9:!1;<8<;!=8>2?<@!?=8A68<2;B7!C*7*!C4#DE)5F!G*!344HI5F!J*!K-,L-F!+*!7.)),)F!0*!K#)EML)FJ*0D+M)NF!3*!KE-$'F!3*!A4$'F!G*!O&MI#,!-$%!B*!+-,,&.P
C)Q-,.H)$.!4R!1M-$.F!74&MF!-$%!0&D,4I&-M!7D&)$D)50&DE&'-$!7.-.)!6$&S),5&.P!?-5.!A-$5&$'F!02!!TUU9T!2B<>;C63<2;B!"#$%!&'#()!*%'!+,-!./*#*/!0(''1234!#31!4'3'*2$5!*'#6!$/317$*5!#!5'(2'5!/8!9#(2'*&!*(2#:5!*/!#55'55!#19#3$'1!./*#*/!5':'$*2/35!8(/6!*%'!+2$%24#3!,*#*'!-329'(52*&!#31!/*%'(!./*#*/!0(''1234!.(/4(#65!#*!*%'!+/3*$#:6!;'5'#($%!<'3*'(!=+;<>?!!@3!ABAB)!C'!*'5*'1!/9'(!DEB!9#(2'*2'5!#31!0(''1234!:23'5!23!*%'!('.:2$#*'1!9#(2'*&!*(2#:5)!.:75!/9'(!DAB!
:23'5!23!*%'!F#*2/3#:!<%2.!G(/$'55234!H(2#:!=F<GH>?!!H%'!9#(2'*&!'9#:7#*2/3!#:5/!23$:71'5!
125'#5'!*'5*234!23!*%'!5$#0!37(5'(&!=+/3*$#:6!;'5'#($%!<'3*'(>!#31!8/:2#(!:#*'!0:24%*!'9#:7#*2/3!=+,-!<#6.75!G:#3*!G#*%/:/4&!I#(6>?!!H%'!/0J'$*29'5!/8!*%'!'9#:7#*2/35!#('!*/!21'3*28&!57.'(2/(!9#(2'*2'5!8/(!8('5%!/(!$%2.K.(/$'55234!6#(L'*5!=$%2.)!(/731!C%2*'M&'::/C!*#0:')!5.'$2#:*&M('1!#31!(755'*>?!!H%'!9#(2'*2'5!C'('!$/6.#('1!23!4(/7.5!
#$$/(1234!*/!6#(L'*!$:#55)!*70'(!*&.')!5L23!$/:/()!#31!*/!*%'!#19#3$'6'3*!23!5':'$*2/3?!"#$%!5'#5/3)!*/*#:!#31!6#(L'*#0:'!&2':15)!5.'$282$!4(#92*&)!*70'(!#..'#(#3$')!23$21'3$'!/8!
'N*'(3#:!#31!23*'(3#:!1'8'$*5)!$%2.!$/:/(!=8(/6!*%'!82':1!#5!C'::!#5!8(/6!OE
¡I!=P?A¡<>!#31!EB¡I!=DB¡<>!5*/(#4'!#*!Q!#31!R!6/3*%5>)!#:/34!C2*%!575$'.*202:2*2'5!*/!$/66/3!5$#0)!:#*'!0:24%*!=8/:2#(!#31!*70'(>)!#31!0:#$L5./*!0(725234!#('!1'*'(623'1?!S'!C/7:1!:2L'!*/!#$L3/C:'14'!*%'!$/::#0/(#*29'!'88/(*!/8!*%'!+2$%24#3!G/*#*/!
@3175*(&!#31!('5'#($%!$/::'#47'5!+#**%'C!T:'23!#31!*%'!+,-!G/*#*/!U(''1234!H'#6!='5.'$2#::&!4(#17#*'!5*71'3*5!F#*#:2'!T2(LC&:#31)!;70'3!V:62(/3)!,#(#%!W''!#31!S2::!U'%:234>!8/(!%':.234!*/!4'*!*%'!82':1!('5'#($%!1/3'?!1>;3?C6>?!H%'!82':1!9#(2'*&!*(2#:5!C'('!$/317$*'1!#*!*%'!+/3*$#:6!;'5'#($%!<'3*'(!23!
"3*(2$#3)!+@?!!X7'!*/!<YZ@XKD[K(':#*'1!7329'(52*&!('5'#($%!$/35*(#23*5)!*(2#:!('.:2$#*2/3!C#5!('17$'1!*/!#!6#N2676!/8!*C/?!!V!(#31/62\'1!$/6.:'*'!0:/$L!1'5243!C#5!75'1?!!H%'!
.:/*5!C'('!AQ!8''*!=P!6>!:/34!#31!5.#$234!0'*C''3!.:#3*5!C#5!DB!23$%'5!=AE?O!$6>?!!@3*'(K(/C!5.#$234!C#5!QO!23$%'5!=]R?O!$6>?!!,7..:'6'3*#:!2((24#*2/3!C#5!#..:2'1!#5!3''1'1?!!F7*(2'3*)!C''1)!125'#5'!#31!235'$*!6#3#4'6'3*!C'('!5262:#(!*/!('$/66'31#*2/35!75'1!0&!*%'!$/66'($2#:!/.'(#*2/35!23!+/3*$#:6!</73*&?!H%'!82':1!'N.'(26'3*5!C'('!$/317$*'1!
/3!#!5#31&!:/#6!5/2:!*%#*!%#5!0''3!/7*!/8!./*#*/!.(/17$*2/3!8/(!E!&'#(5?!!Y#*5!C'('!4(/C3!
23!ABD[!/3!*%25!4(/731?!!V!5'9'('!(#23!'9'3*!23!:#*'!+#&!8://1'1!OB^!/8!*%'!*(2#:!4(/731?!!H%#*!5'$*2/3!/8!*%'!*(2#:5!121!3/*!'6'(4'!5/!*%'!3760'(!/8!:23'5!#31!('.:2$#*2/35!C'('!:/5*!
8/(!*%'!5'#5/3?!!!H%'!6/5*!#19#3$'1!5':'$*2/35!C'('!*'5*'1!23!*%'!V19#3$'1!$%2.!#31!*#0:'5*/$L!
*(2#:5)!('.('5'3*234!5':'$*2/35!#*!#!5*#4'!#8*'(!*%'!.(':2623#(&!*(2#:5?!!H%'!/*%'(!82':1!*(2#:5!C'('!*%'!;755'*)!G(':2623#(&!=$%2.K.(/$'55/(5!#31!*#0:'5*/$L>)!G(':2623#(&!G246'3*'1)!*%'!F<GH!#31!*%'!'#(:&!/05'(9#*2/3#:!*(2#:5?
!!ABAB!C#5!*%'!*'3*%!&'#(!/8!*%'!F#*2/3#:!<%2.!G(/$'55234!H(2#:!=F<GH>?!!H%'!.7(./5'!/8!*%'!*(2#:!25!*/!'9#:7#*'!'#(:&!4'3'(#*2/3!0(''1234!:23'5!8(/6!*%'!-,!.70:2$!0(''1234!.(/4(#65!8/(!*%'2(!75'!23!$%2.K.(/$'55234?!!H%'!F<GH!%#5![!*(2#:!:/$#*2/35!=F/(*%'(3!52*'5_!F`)!+@)!S@)!FX)!Y;!#31!,/7*%'(3_!F<)!IW)!<V)!Ha>!23!#112*2/3!*/!#!5$#0!*(2#:!S25$/3523?!!!!
@3!'#$%!/8!*%'5'!*(2#:5)!*%'!&2':1!C#5!4(#1'1!23*/!8/7(!52\'!$:#55'5!=.2$L!/7*5)!U5)!V5)!/9'(52\'>!75234!*%'!3'C!T'(2#3!52\'(!/3!*%'!4(#1234!:23')!23$21'3$'!/8!'N*'(3#:!#31!
23*'(3#:!1'8'$*5!23!bQ?AE!23?!=]?AE!$6>!12#6'*'(!./*#*/'5!C'('!('$/(1'1?!!,#6.:'5!C'('!*#L'3!8/(!5.'$282$!4(#92*&)!$%2.K.(/$'55234)!125'#5'!*'5*5!#31!0(725234!*'5*5?!!<%2.!c7#:2*&!C#5!#55'55'1!/3!AEK*70'(!$/6./52*'!5#6.:'5)!*#L234!*C/!5:2$'5!8(/6!'#$%!*70'(?!!<%2.5!C'('!8(2'1!#*!QOE¡I!=DPO¡<>!8/(!A!6237*'5!DE!5'$/315!/(!73*2:!87::&!$//L'1?!!H%'!$%2.!$/:/(!C#5!6'#57('1!9257#::&!C2*%!*%'!,IV!DKE!$/:/(!$%#(*?!H70'(!5#6.:'5!C'('!#:5/!
5*/('1!#*!OE¡I!=P?A¡<>!#31!EB¡I!=DB¡<>!8/(!$%2.K.(/$'55234!/7*!/8!5*/(#4'!23!d#37#(&!#31!V.(2:?!!,':'$*!#19#3$'1!5':'$*2/35!#('!#:5/!.:#$'1!23!*%'!+G@<!U?I?!U7(*!<#(42::!
</66'($2#:!X'6/35*(#*2/3!,*/(#4'!23!"3*(2$#3)!+@!8/(!6/3*%:&!5#6.:234?!!H%25!*'5*234!C#5!3/*!1/3'!523$'!C'!121!3/*!%#9'!'3/74%!*70'(5!8(/6!*%'!*(2#:5!*%25!&'#(!*/!5#6.:'?!H%'!
:23'5!23!*%'!#4(/3/62$!*(2#:5!C'('!#55'55'1!8/(!$/66/3!5$#0!('525*#3$'!#*!*%'!37(5'(&!#*!*%'!+/3*$#:6!;'5'#($%!<'3*'(?!!H%'('!%#5!0''3!9'(&!5*(/34!5$#0!125'#5'!.('557('!#*!*%'!
3'C!+/3*$#:6!,$#0!X25'#5'!F7(5'(&!8/(!'24%*!&'#(5!3/C?!!H%'!ABAB!:#*'!0:24%*!*(2#:!C#5!$/317$*'1!#*!*%'!+,-!$#6.75!G:#3*!G#*%/:/4&!I#(6!07*!C'#*%'(!$/312*2/35!C'('!3/*!$/317$29'?!!H%'!5267:#*'1!0:#$L5./*!0(725'!=8(/6!EB¡I!*70'(!*'6.'(#*7('>!('57:*5!8/(!#9'(#4'!5./*5!.'(!*70'(!%#9'!#:5/!0''3!23$/(./(#*'1!23*/!*%'!5766#(&!5%''*5?!
!>?76A<7!!8*!8%S-$D)%!3E&QV1,4D)55&$'!<,&-M5!W<-IM)!XY!!V!5766#(&!/8!*%'!OP!'3*(2'5!'9#:7#*'1!23!*%'!*(2#:!('57:*5!25!429'3!23!<-IM)!X?!!Y9'(#::)!*%'!&2':15!8/(!*%'!V19#3$'1!*(2#:!=DOP!1#&5>!C'('!#0/9'!#9'(#4'?!!H%'!$%'$L!9#(2'*2'5!8/(!*%25!*(2#:!C'('!W#6/L#)!+#325*'')!,3/C1'3!#31!V*:#3*2$?!!H%'!%24%'5*!&2':1234!#31!6/5*!.(/625234!:23'5!C'('!+,VVAEAKP)!+,eAD[KD)!+,UURDDKQ)!#31!+,VVBPRKR?!!@3*'(3#:!1'8'$*5!C'('!62326#:!8/(!ABAB?!!,.'$282$!4(#92*&!C#5!#9'(#4'!C2*%!
#!*(2#:!#9'(#4'!/8!D?B]Q?!!,3/C1'3!#31!V*:#3*2$!%#1!#!5.'$282$!4(#92*&!/8!D?B]O!#31!D?B]E)!
('5.'$*29':&?!V::!$%2.K.(/$'55234!'3*(2'5!23!*%'!*(2#:!%#1!'N$'::'3*!$%2.K.(/$'55234!c7#:2*&!
/7*!/8!*%'!82':1)!C2*%!#3!,IV!5$/('!/8!D?B?!!V:6/5*!#::!/8!*%'!+,-!0(''1234!:23'5!%#9'!
5$#0!('525*#3$'?!!F23'*''3!+,-!$%2..234!:23'5!C'('!$:#55282'1!#5!%#9234!5$#0!('525*#3$'!5$/('5!'c7#:!/(!0'**'(!*%#3!W#6/L#?!!!+#$L23#C!=+,aEOBKO>!%#5!GZ`!#31!:#*'!0:24%*!('525*#3$'!C%2:'!+,eAD[KD!%#5!5$#0)!GZ`!#31!:#*'!0:24%*!('525*#3$'?!!Y*%'(!.(/625234!:23'5!*/!C#*$%!#('!+,eAOAKDQ)!+,eAOAKB[)!+,UUBE]KD)!+,UURDPKA!#31!+,VVADPKQ?!!Z*!>#55).!<,&-M!W<-IM)!9Y!
@3!ABAB)!DD!:23'5!C'('!'9#:7#*'1!#8*'(!DQO!1#&5?!!H%'!('57:*5!#('!5766#(2\'1!23!<-IM)!9?!!!!;755'*!F/(L/*#%!#31!f/:1;75%!C'('!*%'!('8'('3$'!9#(2'*2'5!75'1!23!*%'!*(2#:?!!@3!4'3'(#:)!
*%'!&2':15!C'('!0':/C!#9'(#4'!8/(!6#3&!(755'*!:23'5!C%2:'!VB[B]RKDWU)!-6#*2::#!;755'*)!G:/9'(!;755'*!#31!VB]OQQKO,*/!C'('!*%'!*/.!*2'(!8/(!&2':1?!!@3!6/5*!$#5'5!5.'$282$!4(#92*&!C#5!0':/C!#9'(#4'!C2*%!D?BPA!#9'(#4'!8/(!*%'!*(2#:?!!,'9'('!%/::/C!%'#(*!C#5!/05'(9'1!23!,735'*!;755'*?!!!U(725'!23$21'3$'!C#5!:/C?!!,$#0!('525*#3$'!C#5!9#(2#0:'!C2*%!
575$'.*202:2*&!C#5!/05'(9'1!23!#!3760'(!/8!*%'!(755'*!:23'5?!!!C*!8%-Q.-.&4$!<,&-M!W<-IM)![Y!
!!H%'!V1#.*#*2/3!H(2#:!/8!*%'!*#0:'5*/$L!:23'5!C#5!%#(9'5*'1!#8*'(!DQO!1#&5!#31!*%'!
('57:*5!/8!QE!:23'5!#('!5766#(2\'1!23!<-IM)![?!!H%'!6#3&!/8!*%'!:23'5!'9#:7#*'1!23!*%'!V1#.*#*2/3!H(2#:!C'('!*'5*'1!23!*%'!G(':2623#(&!H(2#:5!*%'!.('92/75!&'#(?!!H
C/!('8'('3$'!$7:*29#(5!=`7L/3!f/:1!#31!,7.'(2/(>!#('!('./(*'1!23!*%'!*#0:'5*/$L!*(2#:?!!@3!4'3'(#:)!*%'!&2':15!C'('!0':/C!#9'(#4'!#31!23*'(3#:!1'8'$*5!C'('!:/C?!H%'!%24%'5*!&2':1234!#31!.(/625234!:23'5!C'('!+,eODRK];`)!+,ZB[QKD`)!+,UUADQKD,GW!#31!+,eEEDKD?!!,$#0!*/:'(#3$'!25!0'$/6234!6/('!.('9#:'3*!#6/34!*%'!#19#3$'1!5':'$*2/35!07*!*%'!
$%#::'34'!('6#235!*/!$/6023'!5$#0)!GZ`!#31!:#*'!0:24%*!('525*#3$'?!!Y*%'(!.(/625234!
:23'5!23!*%'!*(2#:!#('!+,<<EDEKA`)!+,SOPRKO;)!+,ZDP[KD)!+,HAEAKD`!#31!U:#$L0'((&?!!U:#$L5./*!0(725234!C#5!:/C!8/(!6/5*!:23'5?!!?*!!!!1,)M&H&$-,P!<,&-M5!W<-IM)5!TF!\!-$%!]Y!!
!H%'!G(':2623#(&!*(2#:5!=$%2.)!*#0:')!.246'3*'1>!#('!*%'!82(5*!*(2#:5!8/(!'9#:7#*234!
3'C!#19#3$'1!5':'$*2/35!8(/6!*%'!+,-!./*#*/!0(''1234!.(/4(#6?!!H%'!129252/3!/8!*%'!*(2#:5!C#5!0#5'1!7./3!.'124(''!#55'556'3*!8/(!$%2.K.(/$'55234!#31!*#0:'5*/$L!7*2:2\#*2/3?!!!
@3!ABAB)!*%'('!C'('!]A!%#(9'5*'1!'3*(2'5!*(2#:'1!23!*%'!*%(''!G(':2623#(&!*(2#:5?!
!H%'!$%2.K.(/$'55234!G(':2623#(&!H(2#:!=<-IM)!T>!%#1!O[!%#(9'5*'1!'3*(2'5!#8*'(!DQE!1#&5?!+#3&!/8!*%'!:23'5!$%2.K.(/$'55'1!C'::!8(/6!*%'!82':1!07*!5.'$282$!4(#92*&!9#:7'5!C'('!0':/C!#9'(#4'!C2*%!,3/C1'3!#*!D?BPP?!!@3*'(3#:!c7#:2*&!C'#L3'55!C#5!.('1/623#3*:&!9#5$7:#(!125$/:/(#*2/3?!G(/625234!+,-!:23'5!#('!+,UUBDPKD)!+,""DQDKD)!+,""DOAKD)!+,""DO[KA)!+,""DPDKA)!+,""DBDKA)!+,""BD]KA!#31!+,UURAEKA!$/6023234!&2':1)!5.'$282$!4(#92*&)!5$#0!('525*#3$'!#31!$%2.!c7#:2*&?!!,/6'!/8!*%'5'!:23'5!#:5/!%#9'!GZ`!('525*#3$'?!S'!$/3*237'!*/!6#L'!.(/4('55!5':'$*234!8/(!$%2.K.(/$'55234!
C2*%!5$#0!('525*#3$'!C2*%!AD!:23'5!23!*%'!*(2#:!C2*%!5$#0!(#*2345!'c7#:!/(!:/C'(!*%#3!D?P)!C%'('#5!,3/C1'3!%#1!#!5$#0!(#*234!/8!A?O?!!!!!
<-IM)!\!5766#(2\'5!DP!%#(9'5*'1!*#0:'5*/$L!'3*(2'5!'9#:7#*'1!23!*%'!G(':2623#(&!H#0:'5*/$L!H(2#:?!!d#$c7':23'!W'')!;'0#!#31!`7L/3!f/:1!C'('!*%'!$%'$L!9#(2'*2'5?!!H%25!*#0:'5*/$L!*(2#:!C#5!%#(9'5*'1!#31!'9#:7#*'1!#8*'(!DQE!1#&5?!!+,UUQBEKA,GW)!
+,""D[[KD)!+,<<QDOKD!#31!+,UUQPDKD`,GW!#::!%#9'!%24%!&2':1!./*'3*2#:)!:/C!23*'(3#:!1'8'$*5!#31!5$#0!('525*#3$')!#5!C'::!#5!:/C!0:#$L5./*!0(725234?!!@3!4'3'(#:)!*%'!
:'9':!/8!5$#0!('525*#3$'!#31!23*'(3#:!c7#:2*&!#('!26.(/9234!23!*%25!.//:!/8!:23'5?!!S'!#('!C/(L234!*/C#(15!0'**'(!5L23!82325%!#:5/?!!H%25!*(2#:!#:5/!23$:71'1!5/6'!"7(/.'#3!9#(2'*2'5?!!F/3'!/8!*%'!:23'5!C'('!.(/625234!17'!*/!.//(!5%#.'!#31M/(!5$#0!575$'.*202:2*&?!!!!!
H%'!23*'('5*!23!*%'!5.'$2#:*&!6#(L'*!$/3*237'5!*/!23$('#5'?!!@3!ABAB)!DR!%#(9'5*'1!
'3*(2'5!C'('!'9#:7#*'1!23!*%'!G(':2623#(&!G246'3*'1!H(2#:!=<-IM)!]>)!C%2$%!C#5!
%#(9'5*'1!#*!DQE!1#&5?!!H%25!*(2#:!'9#:7#*'1!0(''1234!:23'5!C2*%!732c7'!5L23!#31!8:'5%!
$/:/(5?!!+#3&!/8!*%'5'!+,-!:23'5!%#9'!$/66'($2#:!#4(/3/62$!.'(8/(6#3$'!#31!5.'$2#:*&!$%#(#$*'(25*2$5)!#5!C'::!#5!5/6'!5$#0!('525*#3$'?!!,'9'3!:23'5!C'('!5$/('1!#5!5$#0!
('525*#3$'?!!U:#$L5./*!0(725234!25!:/C!#31!23*'(3#:!1'8'$*5!C'('!#:6/5*!3/3K'N25*'3*?!
+,UUQPDKD`,GW!#31!+,UUQBEKA,GW!$/6023'!%24%!&2':1!#31!5$#0!('525*#3$'?!!!
!"*!!!14.-.4!34HH4$!7D-I!?S-M#-.&4$!W<-IM)5!^!-$%!UY!
!!"#$%!&'#()!#!('.:2$#*'1!82':1!*(2#:!25!$/317$*'1!*/!#55'55!('525*#3$'!*/!$/66/3!
5$#0?!!H%'!5$#0!*(2#:!25!3/C!:/$#*'1!#*!*%'!+/3*$#:6!;'5'#($%!<'3*'(!C%'('!%24%!$/66/3!5$#0!125'#5'!.('557('!C#5!/05'(9'1!23!*%'!.('92/75!'24%*!&'#(5?!!H%25!:/$#*2/3!25!0'234!75'1!8/(!*%'!'#(:&!4'3'(#*2/3!/05'(9#*2/3#:!5$#0!*(2#:!=AOR!:23'5>!#31!*%'!5$#0!
9#(2'*&!*(2#:!=ARA!:23'5>!#31!12.:/21!5$#0!*(2#:!=QQ]>?!!@3!ABAB)!*%'!5$#0!238'$*2/3!C#5!#!4//1!:'9':!C2*%!*%'!575$'.*20:'!$/3*(/:5!%#9234!5/6'!$/9'(#4'!/8!.2**'1!5$#0?!!S'!75'!#!(#*234!5$#:'!/8!BKE!0#5'1!7./3!#!$/6023'1!5$/('!8/(!5$#0!$/9'(#4'!#31!:'52/3!5'9'(2*&?!!-57#::&!'N#623234!/3'!&'#(g5!1#*#!1/'5!3/*!2312$#*'!C%2$%!9#(2'*2'5!#('!('525*#3*!07*!2*!5%/7:1!0'423!*/!21'3*28&!/3'5!*%#*!$#3!0'!$:#55282'1!#5!575$'.*20:'!*/!5$#0?!Y7(!4/#:!25!*/!'9#:7#*'!26./(*#3*!#19#3$'1!5':'$*2/35!#31!9#(2'*2'5!23!*%'!5*71&!#*!:'#5*!*%(''!&'#(5!*/!/0*#23!#!9#:21!'5*26#*'!/8!*%'!:'9':!/8!('525*#3$'!23!'#$%!:23'?!!H%'!ABD]K
ABAB!5$#0!(#*2345!#('!0#5'1!7./3!*%'!+/3*$#:6!;'5'#($%!<'3*'(!52*'?!<-IM)!^!$#*'4/(2\'5!6#3&!/8!*%'!9#(2'*2'5!#31!#19#3$'1!5':'$*2/35!*'5*'1!23!ABAB!/9'(!#!*%(''K&'#(!.'(2/1?!H%'!9#(2'*2'5!#31!0(''1234!:23'5!#('!.:#$'1!23*/!323'!$#*'4/(2'5!0#5'1!7./3!5$#0!238'$*2/3!:'9':!#31!:'52/3!5'9'(2*&?!!V!(#*234!/8!B!2312$#*'5!\'(/!5$#0!238'$*2/3?!V!5$/('!/8!D?B!2312$#*'5!#!*(#$'!#6/73*!/8!238'$*2/3?!!!V!6/1'(#*'!('525*#3$'!=D?A!h!D?E>!$/((':#*'5!C2*%!

iDB^!238'$*2/3?!!,$/('5!/8!O?B!/(!4('#*'(!#('!8/731!/3!:23'5!C2*%!bEB^!57(8#$'!238'$*2/3!
#31!5'9'('!.2**'1!:'52/35?!!!!!H%'!$%'$L!9#(2'*2'5!;755'*!F/(L/*#%)!f/:1;75%)!;'1!F/(:#31)!`7L/3!f/:1)!
Y3#C#&)!G2L')!V*:#3*2$)!#31!,3/C1'3!$#3!0'!75'1!#5!('8'('3$'5!=23!0/:1)!<-IM)!^>?!!H%'!*#0:'!25!5/(*'1!23!#5$'31234!/(1'(!0&!ABAB!5$#0!(#*234?!!H%25!&'#(j5!('57:*5!$/3*237'!*/!2312$#*'!*%#*!C'!%#9'!0''3!#0:'!*/!0(''1!376'(/75!:23'5!C2*%!('525*#3$'!*/!5$#0?!!,$#0!
(#*2345!(#34'1!8(/6!B?Q!K!O?B!8/(!*%'!9#(2'*&!*(2#:?!V!*/*#:!/8!DB[!'3*(2'5!*'5*'1!%#1!#!5$#0!(#*234!/8!D?E!/(!:/C'(!23!ABAB?!+/5*!3/*#0:'!5$#0!('525*#3*!+,-!:23'5!#('!8/731!23!*%'!
*(2#:!5766#(2'5!W<-IM)5!XV]Y?!!!Y8!*%'!AOR!'#(:&!4'3'(#*2/3!5':'$*2/35!*%#*!C'('!'9#:7#*'1)!DQ]!%#1!5$#0!('525*#3$'!=5$#0!(#*234!/8!k!D?E>!=<-IM)!U>?!!!_*!!!!A-.)!ZM&'E.!<,&-M!
!!@3!ABAB)!*%'!:#*'!0:24%*!*(2#:!C#5!.:#3*'1!#*!*%'!"#5*!W#35234!$#6.75!G:#3*!G#*%/:/4&!8#(6?!V::!'3*(2'5!C'('!.:#3*'1!23!'#(:&!d73'!8/(!:#*'!0:24%*!'9#:7#*2/3?!!H%'5'!23$:71'!:23'5!*'5*'1!23!#!('.:2$#*'1!6#33'(!8(/6!*%'!#4(/3/62$!9#(2'*&!*(2#:!#31!'3*(2'5!23!*%'!'#(:&!4'3'(#*2/3!/05'(9#*2/3!.:/*5?!!H%'!*(2#:5!C'('!23/$7:#*'1!*%(''!*26'5!23!V7475*!#31!,'.*'60'(!C2*%!*%'!-,KAQ!4'3/*&.'!/8!"#!$%&'()*%(?!!W#*'!0:24%*!238'$*2/3!C#5!
21'3*282'1!23!*%'!5.('#1'(!(/C5!07*!2*!C/7:1!3/*!5.('#1!523$'!*%'!C'#*%'(!$/312*2/35!C'('!*//!1(&!#31!0(''\&?!!V5!#!('57:*)!C'!121!3/*!$/::'$*!1#*#!*%#*!$/7:1!125$(2623#*'!('525*#3*!8(/6!575$'.*20:'!:23'5?!2*ZM-DL5Q4.!Z,#&5)!7#5D)Q.&I&M&.P!W<-IM)!`Y
"9#:7#*2/35!/8!#19#3$'1!5''1:2345!#31!3'C!9#(2'*2'5!8/(!*%'2(!575$'.*202:2*&!*/!0:#$L5./*!0(725234!#('!#:5/!26./(*#3*!23!*%'!9#(2'*&!'9#:7#*2/3!.(/4(#6?!!U#5'1!7./3!*%'!('57:*5!$/::'$*'1!/9'(!*%'!.#5*!&'#(5)!*%'!3/3K0(725'1!$%'$L!5#6.:'!%#5!0''3!('6/9'1!
8(/6!/7(!0(725'!#55'556'3*?!!V!$/6./52*'!0(725'!5#6.:'!/8!'#$%!:23'!23!*%'!*(2#:5!$/3525*'1!/8!AE!*70'(5!=#!$/6./52*'!/8!O!('.:2$#*2/35>!8(/6!'#$%!:23')!$/::'$*'1!#*!*%'!*26'!/8!4(#1234?!!H%'!AEK*70'(!5#6.:'!C#5!%':1!23!EB¡I!=DB¡<>!5*/(#4'!/9'(324%*!#31!*%'3!C#5!.:#$'1!23!#!%'N#4/3!.:&C//1!1(76!#31!*760:'1!DB!*26'5!*/!.(/921'!#!5267:#*'1!0(725'?!!H%'!5#6.:'5!C'('!.'':'1!23!#3!#0(#529'!.'':'(!23!Y$*/0'(!#31!23129217#:!*70'(5!C'('!#55'55'1!8/(!*%'!3760'(!/8!0:#$L5./*!0(725'5!/3!'#$%!./*#*/?!!H%'5'!1#*#!#('!5%/C3!23!
<-IM)!`?!!H%'!0(725'!1#*#!#('!('.('5'3*'1!23!*C/!C#&5_!.'($'3*#4'!/8!0(725'!8(''!./*#*/'5!#31!#9'(#4'!3760'(!/8!0(725'5!.'(!*70'(?!!V!%24%!.'($'3*#4'!/8!0(725'K8(''!./*#*/'5!25!*%'!
1'52('1!4/#:l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
/8!0(725234?!!V!8'C!:23'5!C2::!%24%!575$'.*202:2*&!*/!0(725'!C'('!21'3*282'1!#31!C2::!0'!125$/3*237'1!8(/6!*'5*234?!!V::!*%'!0(725'!(#*2345!#('!#:5/!8/731!23!*%'!9#(2'*&!*(2#:!*#0:'5!=<-IM)5!XV]>?!G*B-.&4$-M!3E&Q!1,4D)55&$'!<,&-M!W
B31<Y!%-.-!-S-&M-IM)!4$VM&$)H%'!G/*#*/'5!-,VK8731'1!F#*2/3#:!<%2.!G(/$'55234!H(2#:!=F<GH>!25!#3!'88/(*!*/!5&3'(42\'!*%'!5*('34*%5!/8!*%'!.70:2$!0(''1234!.(/4(#65!23!*%'!-?,?!*/!21'3*28&!26.(/9'1!$%2.K.(/$'55234!9#(2'*2'5!8/(!*%'!23175*(&?!<//.'(#*234!0(''1234!.(/4(#65!23$:71'!*%'!-,XV!=@1#%/!#31!+#(&:#31>!#31!:#31!4(#3*!7329'(52*2'5!=</:/(#1/)!+#23')!+2$%24#3)!+233'5/*#)!F/(*%!<#(/:23#)!F/(*%!X#L/*#)!F'C!`/(L)!Y('4/3)!S25$/3523!#31!H'N#5>?!H%'!$//(123#*'1!0(''1234!'88/(*!23$:71'5!'#(:&!5*#4'!'9#:7#*2/3!/8!L'&!*(#2*5!=&2':1)!5.'$282$!4(#92*&)!$%2.!$/:/()!$%2.!1'8'$*5!#31!5%#.'>!8(/6!$//(123#*'1!*(2#:5!23!DB!
:/$#*2/35?!,23$'!*%'!23$'.*2/3!/8!*%'!*(2#:!23!ABDB)!/9'(!D)BBB!1288'('3*!./*#*/!'3*(2'5)!
23$:71234!('8'('3$'!9#(2'*2'5)!%#9'!0''3!'9#:7#*'1?!H%'!1#*#!8/(!#::!*%'!:23'5!*'5*'1!#('!5766#(2\'1!/3!#!5'#($%#0:')!$'3*(#:2\'1!1#*#0#5'!%/75'1!#*!+'1275!
=%**.5_MM./*#*/'575#?6'1275?('>?!+/('!*%#3!OB!.(/625234!3'C!0(''1234!:23'5!8(/6!*%'!*(2#:5!%#9'!0''3!8#5*K*(#$L'1!8/(!:#(4'(K5$#:'!$/66'($2#:!*(2#:5!#31!.(/$'55/(!'9#:7#*2/3?!H%'!F<GH!25!#:5/!#!8''1'(!8/(!*%'!3#*2/3#:!,FV<!@3*'(3#*2/3#:!*(2#:5?!!S'!#('!75234!*%'!F<GH!*(2#:5!*/!6/('!'88'$*29':&!21'3*28&!.(/625234!3'C!5':'$*2/35?!!F/*#0:'!+,-!:23'5!
*%#*!%#9'!0''3!21'3*282'1!#('!+,SO]EKA!=m7(/3!<%2..'(>)!+,aEOBKO!=+#L23#C>)!+,ZBQBKO!=G'*/5L'&>)!+,SOPOKD)!#31!+,eAOAKDQ?!!+232*70'(!.(/17$*2/3!#31M/(!$/66'($2#:!5''1!%#9'!0''3!.(/17$'1!/8!*%'!3'C'(!:23'5!#31!C2::!0'!*'5*'1!23!+2$%24#3!23!
ABAD?!!!!!!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"#$%&'(
)*+,&
-.$)./+%01%+0+&2
!)34-
0+1
5678
24/.
/5678
+0+&2
5678
9:&:0'-06-%($
6)0$.
"6.;
#33';496
9)6)&9
$<&+
%9$546.
&)*+,&
<6&&=>="?
8!@ABCAA>>A>CC8DC@!
8DC
C8CCCC8D>
>DC
!DE
"<699E=E"88
=!?@BCAA!@A=8C8DC@>
8D>
8>CCCCD@
B!DC
"<6F=8A"C8
8!?>!ACAEB@A?C8DC@C
8DC
CCCCCCD?
!DC
8D!
!B8<6&&C?E"E
8!?CB8!AC8CACCC8DCA=
8DC
CCC8CC8D!
!DC
=D?
!!BG<6&&!=@"B
8!B@!E=AE!AEC88DC@8
8DC
CCCCC8D!
!DC
=D@
"3HIJK%)LMNNOI
8!!?!?A@A88@ACC8DC@!
8DC
CC=CCC8D!
!DC
CDA
!!@<699C?A"=
8!=>!?8@@88@@C88DC@!
8DC
CCCCC8D!
!DC
=D!
"<6F8=C"CB
8!=B!>@A8@A8C=8DC@=
8DC
CC=CCC8D>
>DC
=D>
!?CG<699E88"!
8!=C!EC@A8C@AC88DC@E
8D>
CCCCC=D>
!DC
!DE
"<699E!>"8B
=!8@!>!A8AA8C=8DC@8
8DC
CC8CCC8D?
=D>
8D!
"<699E8C"8!
8!8?!!@AB>ABC88DC@!
8DC
CCCCCCD@
=DC
8D!
"<699E8?"=
8!8>!!AA!EA!C88DC@!
8DC
C=C8CCC8D>
=DC
CDE
"<6&&8CC"8
8!8B!=EAEBAECC8DCEA
/;/;C?CCC8D!
!DC
/;"<699C>@"8
8!C?!B=AC8CACC88DCA!
8DC
CCCCC8D!
!DC
!D>
"<6P=B>"=#
8!CB!=AA=BAC=B8DC@8
8DC
8CCCC8D@
BDC
8DC
BCBG<6&&BA@"8@
=!C!!!CA=@A=8C8DC@E
8DC
C>CCCCD@
!D>
=DA
"<6F=8A"8!
8=AE!=CA!?A!CC8DC@E
8DC
CCCCC8D=
!DC
=DA
!=><6&&>8!"8
8=A!!=8A8>@A=!8DC?@
8DC
CC=CCC8D>
=DC
!DC
"<6))C>@"8
8=A8!=!AC?@@=!8DC@E
8DC
C!CCCC8D?
!=D>
"<QRSMKQT
==A8!8AA8AA8C88DCAC
8DC
CCCCC8D?
!D>
8D!
=??<6&&=!="B
8=@>!=A@?A@?CB8DC@8
8DC
C8CCCC=D=
!DC
CD>
"(")*+,%%
'-./00'12'31244'54./
'54
44444-56
-54
456
-.3<6FC>="8B
8=?E!8B@@8=@@CC8DC??
/;/;CCCC8D>
!DC
/;=?@<6FC>="88
8=?8!=@@!8>@!C=8DC?@
/;/;CCCCCD>
!DC
/;"<6F=B="CA
8=E!!8@@!A@!C@8DC@A
8DC
C8CCCC8D!
BDC
8DC
=EA<6))8E@"8
8=>A=A@@?8!@?CC8DC?E
8DC
CCCCC=DC
=DC
!D!
"<6F=B="8!
8=>A=AB@@A@@C!8DCAA
8DC
CCCCC8D=
!DC
=D@
=?E<6FCE!"=
8=>=!B=?B=>?BC88DC@B
8DC
CCCCC8D@
=CD@
"<6&&=EC"!
8=>8!C>@=?@C=888DC@C
8DC
8CCCC8D=
BDC
=DC
"<6'BA@"8
8=B@=EAA=@A=CC8DC?@
/;/;C@CCC8D?
=DC
/;!8C<6&&=8?"!
8=B?=>EAEBAECC8DCA8
8DC
C!C8CCC=D!
!=D!
"<6F8AB"=
8=B>=>@A>>A>CC8DC?@
/;/;CCCC=DC
=DC
/;"<6F=B="C?
8=B8=@@@B8=@BCB8DCA@
8DC
CCCCC8DC
!DC
8DB
!C>7"89:"
--01-1110'.104''541-
'54
44'444451
-56
-53
-..<699E8@"A
8==A=A>?@8>?E=@8DCEE
/;/;CCCC8D>
=DC
/;"<6#8>E"=
8==A=@C@88@@8CC8DC@B
8DC
CCCCC8DC
BDC
CD!
!!8G<6F=8A"8B
8==A=@!@888@8C@8DC@8
/;/;>CCCC8DC
!DC
/;!=A;7-'0.
---'-6313'41342'5416
'54
'6644'51
-54
'50
--.<<6FC>="8!
8=8B=B!@@8=@@CC8DC@>
/;/;CCCCCD>
!/;=!BG=)9>?%)
'-''-13.2-3.24''5412
'54
44-444-52
-54
-50
-0/<6P>=E"8
==C!=!>@E8B@ECC8DC@!
8DC
CCCCC8D!
=8DB
"-OUJ:SOV
8=CC=!E@>8>@>CC8DCA=
8DC
8CCCC8D!
=DC
8DC
8AAG<6*8E!"!
88AC=B!?@E?@C8E8DC?B
/;/;CCCC8D=
!DC
/;"<6))=EE"8
88E>8@CA=?A=C88DCEE
/;/;CCC8C8D=
8DC
/;"@,$"),*A
-'2/'.41.'01.4''5416
'54
4'4644'5/
-54
'51
-2-<6F=B@"8C
88==8>A??E??C8?8DC@!
/;/;CCCC8DC
BDC
/;=EAG<699E8B"8C
88C?8=8@@@@@CB8DC?@
8DC
CCCCC8D=
!DC
CDB
"<.&/
=E@!CB8DC@!
8DB
=DA
8DA
!!"#$%&'%&(&)&*+,-&&.%&)/0,)1&*+,-&&23%&4&0,)1&*+,-&&52%&5*6789:;,
"<="5&!<2>$%&!?.<&!6@AB&C29:&8D&:EB&D*BAFG-&>@:*+H;%&I/1-&I%&$J6BAAB+:K&1%&588L,
#!$M%&!:BN&$+F&MBDB6:K&'@;BF&8+&5@9A&'B:E7BO;&CP!M.QPR*;68+;*+&/&S@F*;8+G&T&/&1&;6@AB,&T&U&+8&!$M-&0&U&;*H+*D*6@+:&!$M-&1&U&;BVBLB&!$M
5A@+:&M@:B%
!"!"#$
$WP.X"YZ%&==%&=8AA8[&=B@L:-&&'<%&'L8[+&<B+:BL-&&3M%&3@;69A@L&M*;68A8L@:*8+-&&"'!%&"+:BL+@A&'L8[+&!\8:,&5BL6B+:&8D&]T&2VBL;*^B&@+FQ8L&./;*^B&:9_BL;&69:,
3*+B&`*AA%
%"&"#$
%!<.'&M"!$.!$&>.Y"?a%&S!P&!6@_&?9L;BLb-&&T%&?8&"+DB6:*8+-&&I%&X8[&"+DB6:*8+&(1c-&&0%&"+:BLNBF*@:B-&&1%&=*HEAb&!9;6B\:*_AB,
M@b;&DL8N&\A@+:*+H&:8&V*+B&7*AA%
IId&S.YP>"YZ&>.Y"?a%&.9H9;:&)TK&)TId-&&>@:*+H;&I/1-&&I%&$@LAb&CV*+B;&68N\AB:BAb&FB@FG-&&1%&X@:B&CV*H8L89;&V*+BK&;8NB&DA8[BL*+HG,
'$+V*L8[B@:EBL%&$+:L*6@+&!:@:*8+,&5A@+:*+H&:8&V*+B&7*AA
('>P"!$%&!*N9A@:BF&_A@67;\8:&_L9*;B&:B;:K&@VBL@HB&+9N_BL&8D&;\8:;&\BL&:9_BL,
("B&6&,9&=%C,%8#%D&-/E&-4-4&F'2.&?"B+G
-.$)./+%WXY
+59.$%Z5&24+#
'@HI@JKLH&KMNOPOQRKL==NJS&!QN@7
(RJ!K@7(&QL=L@QKM&KLJ!LQ
HH&T"+%&24U;&0-'3
!!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"#$%&'(
)*+,
-./0
/)*+,
121&-
)*+,
34&42'52*5%($
66'7.3*
38*8&3
!9&1
"3$).*0
#8:1;&
&<=<>?",-3
,!@AAB,B@CAB@<,,D<BB
<<<<!DC
AD<
<D,
")EFGHIIF%$J44KG
,!!@A=A?>C??><?,D<>A
,<<<<<D>
AD<
,D@
"5ILMKN%$J44KG
,!!!!?A=C?=C<C,D<??
<<<<,D@
CD<
,D<
"&<>A!!"A*GL
,!!<!=C>A,!>A<!,D<BC
!<<<<CD!
AD<
<DC
"82<=C<@"C$J4
,!,C!>A>,,=>,<<,D<B<
,<<<<CDB
!D<
,D,
"&IMKN4GLOK%$J44KG%P6Q58R
,C>=A,,B<,!B<<,B,D<BA
!<<,<<CD!
!D<
<DA
"7FSLGF%$J44KG
,CB>!<==<==<<,,D<>,
!<!<<<,D>
!D<
<D>
C=!T*JO*KG%$J44KG%P1U,!@=<"=$J4R
,CB<!C,>A,A>A<C,D<BB
=<!<<<CD<
!D<
<DB
"&2<?,=,",
,CA>C>,>>,<>><C,D<B=
<<<<<D@
CD<
<D@
"'FOVJFNW%$J44KG
,C!@C?,=<,<=<<<,D<@>
,<<<<,D@
,D<
<D@
C<A()$*+,-.&/,--%0
1'1222342'24251617541
58555572
'75
576
'51/,--%0&9)+:)0".;!%<"-&11'
113='>>4321435117546
25'5155'78
178
571
'5190&/
C>!!@=,D<BC
,D>
CDB
<D?
C<CT%1XL"#KFN%&MKNFVK
!!"#$%&'%&(&)&*+,-&&.%&)/01&*+,-&&23%&4&01&*+,-&&52%&5678*9:;,
"<=.>"?@%&AA%&A*BB*C&ADEF:-&&'G%&'F*CH&GDH:DF-&&3I%&3E;79BEF&I6;7*B*FE:6*H-&&"'!%&"H:DFHEB&'F*CH&!J*:,&5DF7DH:&*K&)1&2LDF;6+D&EHMN*F&./;6+D&:9ODF;&79:,
#!G.'&I"!$.!$&P.?"QR%&S!=&!7EO&Q9F;DFT-&&1%&Q*&"HKD7:6*H-&&0%&>*C&"HKD7:6*H&(UV-&&W%&"H:DFXDM6E:D-&&U%&A6YZBT&!9;7DJ:6OBD,
$S.?=P"?@&P.?"QR%&.9Y9;:&[1\&[10]-&&PE:6HY;&0/U-&&0%&$EFBT&^L6HD;&7*XJBD:DBT&MDEM_-&&U%&>E:D&^L6Y*F*9;&L6HD\&;*XD&KB*CDF6HY_,
5BEH:&IE:D%
UNUN[1%'P="!$%&!6X9BE:DM&OBE78;J*:&OF96;D&:D;:&ELDFEYD&H9XODF&*K&;J*:;&JDF&:9ODF,
36HD&`6BB%
]N0N[1&$HL6F*CDE:ZDF%&$H:F67EH&!:E:6*H,&5BEH:6HY&:*&L6HD&86BB
IET;&KF*X&JBEH:6HY&:*&L6HD&86BB%
00]1)30$%Y)&-.1#
$50$80/1%PZR
/?@@A!&!/BCD
EF9!GCDE&/A@AC/GH&GA9!A/
E"I&58&0)&@%J0%K#%+&14L&'5'5&M126&*"I-N
50$80/1%2[%121&-
%8:1;&
OO&P"-%&65QR&&&&&&2'14
!!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"#$%
&'(!')#*+,*#+#%-
!-.)'
)/012
#+#%-
/012
34%4+5&+0&*6(
7758.30
3!0!%3
"9%#
#3(/.0'
$90:;2<=>(?
2;@A;BA>>B;B@C;2DAE<
A2AAA2DF
FDA
AD>
90%%2FA=2
2;2A;@CB;EBFF22DAC2
@AAAAFDF
@DA
2DF
9033F2@=20GH
2;A<;FCBE;BEA22DAC>
A@AA2A2DE
@DA
ADB
905AB@=2?
2;AE;@CB@@B@A;2DA<C
AAAA2DC
;DA
AD;
90:EE2=2
2@>>;2BB@E>C<F2DACE
A2AAA2D>
;DA
2DB
90I2E<=2?
2@>2@BBBE@B;FF2DA<>
AAAAFDF
@DA
2DC
90%%2B<=2
2@2<@E2BA>BAAF2DA<@
AAAA2DC
;DA
AD@
90!!@AA=2
2@2@@E>>C>>;@E2DAC@
@AAAAFDA
FDA
ADE
3HJKLMNOOP
2@2F;B<<@@<<@A22DA<<
AAAA2D@
;DA
ADA
905;;@=2&&
FFBF@EA>;2C>@2A2DA<F
AAAA2D@
FDA
ADF
90?222=2
FF>;@FC>CB><2E2DA>B
E@EAA2D@
@DE
AD<
90:;@<=F0GH
2F<>F>BB@CB2FA2DAE;
A2AAA2D>
FDA
AD2
90!!@AF=2
2F<AFB<>>2F>>AA2DAC<
AAAAFDA
@DA
2DB
90";C<=;(
2FEB@2C>F2C>FA22DAC@
A@AAAFDA
FDA
AD>
()*%+,-+
./01/233/43/55.6572
5.5.55.64
.65
567
90!!E2E=F?
2F;FF<BBABBAA22DA<<
AAAAFDA
FDA
AD2
9052CB=2
FF;2FEABCF<E@@22DA<B
AAAA2DE
@DA
AD;
90:;FC=@(
2F@BFBA>@2E>@AF2DAEE
A2AAAFDA
FDA
AD;
90"A@>=;?
2FF>FBACB22CBA2A2DA<B
AAAAFD@
FDA
ADC
9033@E2=2
2FFEF;;BF<>B@F2DAEB
2AAAAAD>
FDA
AD@
90I2B@=2?
2FFEFC@>F2>>FAA2DAC@
A2AAAFDC
FDA
AD@
90I@F;=F(
2F2>F>EC<FAC<A;2DA<<
AAAA2DF
2DA
AD<
90I;BC=<
2FA>F2>B<;B<AA2DA<B
A2AAAFD>
FDA
QR90%%2C;=2
2FA;F@;>C22>CAF2DAE<
A2AAA2DC
FDA
ADF
90I2@C=<
22BB@FE<2@>EBFA2DACE
AAAA2DC
@DA
AD@
90:2AB=>&&
22BBFCBC2F@C2AE2DA<@
AAAA2DF
@DA
AD@
90I@F;=2&
22BEFCFCFF>CFA22DAC<
AAAA2DA
2DA
ADE
8)9-:&;-$<
..30/5/3203''5.6520
/555.5/67
.65
567
90IFB@=2?
22B2FF>>;2<>;AA2DA<<
A2AAAFDC
FDA
ADF
90#FEF=2?
22><F;<C<F;C<AA2DA<<
AAAAAD>
2DA
AD<
90:F<>=2?
22>EF<@CACCAAF@2DACF
2A2AAA2DA
;DA
AD;
90:EBA=2
22>;F<AC2F>C2A22DA<2
2AAAAADC
FDA
2D2
90?EAC=F
22<;FFEC@F2C@A<2DAC<
A2AAA2DA
FDA
2DC
STNNQ*%QQN
22ECF;E<;@;<;AF2DA<2
AAAA2D>
2DA
AD2
90:<2E=F
F2@B2C<>22>CBFF2DA<<
AFAAA2DE
2DA
ADE
9'%)
FA<FEC2DA<<
2DC
2DB
ADE
!!"#$%&'%&(&)&*+,-&&.%&)/0,)1&*+,-&&23%&4&0,)1&*+,-&&52%&5*6789:;,
"<=.>"?@%&AA%&A8BB8C&ADEF:-&&'G%&'F8C+&GD+:DF-&&3H%&3E;69BEF&H*;68B8FE:*8+-&&"'!%&"+:DF+EB&'F8C+&!I8:,&5DF6D+:&8J&KL&2MDF;*ND&E+OP8F&./;*ND&:9QDF;&69:,
#!G.'&H"!$.!$&R.?"ST%&U!=&!6EQ&S9F;DFV-&&L%&S8&"+JD6:*8+-&&W%&>8C&"+JD6:*8+&(1X-&&0%&"+:DFYDO*E:D-&&1%&A*Z[BV&!9;6DI:*QBD,
$U.?=R"?@&R.?"ST%&.9Z9;:&)L\&)LW]-&&RE:*+Z;&W/1-&&W%&$EFBV&^M*+D;&68YIBD:DBV&ODEO_-&&1%&>E:D&^M*Z8F89;&M*+D\&;8YD&JB8CDF*+Z_,
5BE+:&HE:D%
1P1P)L%'R="!$%&!*Y9BE:DO&QBE67;I8:&QF9*;D&:D;:&EMDFEZD&+9YQDF&8J&;I8:;&IDF&:9QDF,
3*+D&`*BB%
]PWP)L&$+M*F8CDE:[DF%&$+:F*6E+&!:E:*8+,&5BE+:*+Z&:8&M*+D&7*BB
HEV;&JF8Y&IBE+:*+Z&:8&M*+D&7*BB%
WW]=>=?!=!@AB&!C@=DE&!=FDG(!AHI&D@BG(
JAB!H=DJ&CG(G=CHK&HGB!GC
J"L&57&M-&(%*M%N#%+&.2E&/5/5&O.'0&<"LPQ
#/3'(*S/%-.#?
%&'(!')#*UVW
>>&F"P%&05RS&&&&&&'/.2
!!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"#$%
&'(!')#*+,*#+#%-
!!./&
+#,
-/)'
)0123
#+#%-
0123
45%5+6&+1&*7(
1!+('
"1'8
#..68/41
4!1!%4
$9%#
%4(0/1'
&91!!:;<=;>;
3?<:<>>@A:@?3:3BCA@
3BC
CBC
>CCCC3B;
?BC
CB3
9144C3:=3
3?>D<?<@33D@3C33BC:D
3B<
CBC
C;CCC3B@
>BC
3B;
91''C>>=;
3?>??<>DA?D;?C3BC:3
3BC
CBC
3C;C3CC3B:
>BC
CB<
91''3>3=3
3?;C??>D<?D>333BC::
3B<
CBC
3CCCC3B:
?BC
CB?
91''CA>=A
3?3??;@D:>D>?C3BC:A
3BC
CBC
C3CCC3BC
?BC
CB;
9144A;3=>
3?3>?ACDC3CDCCC3BCAD
3B<
;BC
C>CCC;BC
?BC
CBD
91''3A>=3
3?C>?<CDCDDCC33BC:?
3BC
CBC
C>CCC3BC
?BC
)89188?D:=4
3>:?>@AD:>D<3C3BC<A
3B<
;BC
C3CCC3B;
?BC
CBC
91''3<:=3
3>:3?C@D3D@@>C3BC::
3B<
;BC
CCCCCB@
>BC
CB?
91'';C:=C;
3>A>?C;DC:DCC;3BC:<
3BC
3BC
C;CCCCB:
?BC
CB@
91''3?;=3
3><@>@?D>:D>CC3BC@3
3BC
3BC
C;CCC3B@
>BC
)891''3?D=;
3>>A>>DDD3D<?C3BC@?
3B<
;BC
C3CCC3B>
?BC
3B>
91443:D=3
3>><><3D<<DC<C3BC:;
3BC
CBC
CACCC3B;
>BC
3B3
91''3>A=3
3>>3>:<@@3;@@CC3BC:;
;BC
;BC
CCCC;BC
;BC
CBD
91''3:3=;
3>>C>?3D:>D>?C3BC@;
3B<
;BC
C3C:CC3BC
?BC
;BD
91''C>3=>
3>;A><@D3DD3CC3BC:@
3B<
3BC
C3C;CC3BC
;BC
CBA
91''3C3=;
3>;<><@D3DD3CC3BC@>
3B<
3BC
CCCC3BC
;BC
3B?
()*+,%)
-./'.0/01-10122-3244
-32
232
20222/3'
/32
-31
9144A;>=3;
3>;;>?<D>AD>C33BC:C
3BC
3BC
C<CCC3B:
;BC
CB?
91''3@C=>&
3>3:>D>@33D@3CC3BC:A
)8)8C3CCCCB@
;BC
CB;
91''3?D=3
3>3>>;?D:>@;3<C3BC:<
3BC
CBC
3C;CCC3B>
<BC
3BA
91443DC=3
3>CA>;?D<<DC?C3BCA@
3B<
3BC
3CCCC3B:
>BC
CB?
91''3<3=;
3;DA>?>@A3C@AC>3BC:<
3BC
3BC
C;C3CC3B;
;BC
3B?
91''C3@=;
3;@>>3:@D:@@;>3BCD;
3B<
3BC
C3CCC;BC
?BC
;B3
91''3<3=>
3;@C>>D@>3:@>C33BC:@
3BC
CBC
C3CCC;B:
;BC
CB>
91''C<;=<
3;:<>3A@:3C@:C>3BC:C
3BC
3BC
C3CCC3B;
>BC
CBC
91443C:=3
3;:>>3<@:3;@:C33BCA@
3BC
CBC
CCCC;B>
>BC
CB3
91EC?;=>
3;AD;D>D;:D;C;3BC:D
3BC
CBC
CCCC3B<
;BC
CBA
9144A<3=?
3;AA>3;@<3<@<CC3BC:3
3BC
CBC
CCCC3BC
)8CB?
9188<>C=3
3;?D;@3@@3;@@CC3BCA<
3BC
CBC
CCCC3B@
>BC
CB;
91443AA=3
3;?C;D:@33@@3C33BC:3
3B<
CBC
3CCCC3BC
;BC
3BC
91%%;?3=3
3;>?;A<@@3;@@CC3BC::
3BC
CBC
C>CCC3B;
>BC
CBD
91''3>:=>
3;;:;:;@?3A@?CC3BC::
3BC
3BC
CCCC3B@
;BC
CB;
9144A;<=;
3;3:;<D@?3A@?CC3BC@D
3B<
CBC
3C;C3CCCB@
>BC
3BC
56789:9;<6=&!69<8>&?@95A56B?7((9;C&89;7(
:B;!?<8:&67(7<6?@&?7;!76
:"D&1&E*&(%FE%G#%H&-4>&/2/2&I-.1&,"DJK
#04'(*F0%-/#G
'&'(!')#*HIJ
LL&M"J%&'2NO&&&&&&&./-P
!!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"#$%
&'(!')#*+,*#+#%-
!!./&
+#,
-/)'
)0123
#+#%-
0123
45%5+6&+1&*7(
1!+('
"1'8
#..68/41
4!1!%4
$9%#
%4(0/1'
&56789:9;<6=&!69<8>&?@95A56B?7((9;C&89;7(
:B;!?<8:&67(7<6?@&?7;!76
:"D&1&E*&(%FE%G#%H&-4>&/2/2&I-.1&,"DJK
#04'(*F0%-/#G
'&'(!')#*HIJ
LL&M"J%&'2NO&&&&&&&./-P
!91K;3D=?A
3;C@;3<D:>D:CC3BC:?
3BC
CBC
C;CCC3B>
>BC
CB<
5QR%
-/24/P044-S442.-3241
-32
-32
2-222230
/32
23.
<E$")EQT
--SP/..0'-P0'22-320/
-32
-32
.2.2/22-3S
/32
-3/
91''C:?=;
33D;;C:D>:D>CC3BC:>
3BC
CBC
CCCCCB@
3BC
CB?
91%%C@<=3
33@>;>>:D;3:DCC3BC:3
3BC
CBC
3C;CCC3B@
;BC
CB;
91''C3C=>
33::3DD@D3C@DC33BC:C
3B<
3BC
C;CCC3B>
;BC
CB>
9144A>?=@
33:?3D<@D3C@DC33BC:3
3BC
3BC
C>C;CC3B;
>BC
CB3
91''C;<=3
33:?3@<D??D?C33BC:A
3BC
CBC
C>CCCCB@
>BC
CB@
91''3?3=;
33A:3@?D3DD3CC3BC:D
3B<
3BC
C3CCC3B;
3BC
CBA
91''C>@=3
33>?3DC:3;D:3CC3BC<:
3BC
CBC
CCCC3B@
3BC
CB;
91''3DC=3
33>;3A<@C;C@CCC3BC:>
3BC
3BC
C>CCC3B>
>BC
CBA
91''3<?=3
33;D3@<:C>C:CCC3BC<D
3BC
CBC
C3CCC3B:
3BC
CB;
9144C;C=@
3D;3:?<>?A<>C33BC:A
3BC
CBC
CCCCCB@
;BC
CBD
91''C;;=@
3<33?C>:A>>:CC3BC::
3B<
3BC
CCCC3B:
>BC
CBC
9'%)
;:@>3A3BC:?
3B?
;B:
CB:
!!"#$%&'%&(&)&*+,-&&.%&)/0,)1&*+,-&&23%&4&0,)1&*+,-&&52%&5*6789:;,
"<="5&!<2>$%&!?.<&!6@AB&C29:&8D&:EB&D*BAFG-&>@:*+H;%&I/1-&I%&$J6BAAB+:K&1%&588L,
#!$M%&!:BN&$+F&MBDB6:K&'@;BF&8+&5@9A&'B:E7BO;&CP!M.QPR*;68+;*+&/&S@F*;8+G&T&/&1&;6@AB,&T&U&+8&!$M-&0&U&;*H+*D*6@+:&!$M-&1&U&;BVBLB&!$M
5A@+:&M@:B%
1Q1Q)T$WP.X"YZ%&==%&=8AA8[&=B@L:-&&'<%&'L8[+&<B+:BL-&&3M%&3@;69A@L&M*;68A8L@:*8+-&&"'!%&"+:BL+@A&'L8[+&!\8:,&5BL6B+:&8D&]T&2VBL;*^B&@+FQ8L&./;*^B&:9_BL;&69:,
3*+B&`*AA%
aQIQ)T%!<.'&M"!$.!$&>.Y"?b%&S!P&!6@_&?9L;BLc-&&T%&?8&"+DB6:*8+-&&I%&X8[&"+DB6:*8+&(1d-&&0%&"+:BLNBF*@:B-&&1%&=*HEAc&!9;6B\:*_AB,
M@c;&DL8N&\A@+:*+H&:8&V*+B&7*AA%
IIa&S.YP>"YZ&>.Y"?b%&.9H9;:&)TK&)TIa-&&>@:*+H;&I/1-&&I%&$@LAc&CV*+B;&68N\AB:BAc&FB@FG-&&1%&X@:B&CV*H8L89;&V*+BK&;8NB&DA8[BL*+HG,
'$+V*L8[B@:EBL%&$+:L*6@+&!:@:*8+,&5A@+:*+H&:8&V*+B&7*AA
('>P"!$%&!*N9A@:BF&_A@67;\8:&_L9*;B&:B;:&@VBL@HB&+9N_BL&8D&;\8:;&\BL&:9_BL,
!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"#$%
&'(!')#*+,*#+#%-
!-.)'
)/012
#+#%-
/012
34%4+5&+0&*6(
7758.30
3!0!%3
"9%#
#3(/.0'
$9033:;<=>0&-
2:<2?2;@A2?@A;;2B;A;
;2;;;2BC
:B;
;B:
90''2DD=2
2>C?::>@:<AA2C2:2B;C:
;;;;;B:
:B;
;BD
90!!:2?=2
2><D>@DD;A@@>?2B;A<
2;2;;2;2B<
>B;
;B2
&EFGHI
2><D:;A@<2?@<;>2B;<?
;;;;>B;
2B;
;B;
9JHGKL
2><<:;?@?2?@?;>2B;AC
;;;;>B:
?B;
;B@
9033:C2=2M0&-
2>?C:::C?>?C?;>2B;C;
;2;;;2B>
2B;
;B<
90%%:?>=>
2>?>><?D<<@@C;2B;A<
;2;;;2BC
:B;
2B;
(%#"
)*+,*-,.'),.'/))0/1+
)////*0-
+0/
/0'
!GN4OENPJ
2>:?::AAD>;AD;2;2B;A;
;;2;;>B@
>B;
;BC
%HHGFE
2>;2>ACC<2@C<;C2B;A?
;;;;>B<
:B;
;B<
2"345%$67%&8%%
)).*+'-')+'')/),)0/.)
/)///+0/
+0/
)0.
6GHKJN*6HGQJ
22CD:<C<;>2<;;>D2B;A;
;;;;>B>
>B;
;B>
90!!C>?=2M
22A@>;@@22>@2;C2B;AA
;;;;)82B;
;B:
95:;7&<;$=
))+1)'1.-..-/,)0/1*
)////*0'
*0/
>?)IRIJ
22>;><C?C<;?C;:2B;A<
;;;;>B@
:B;
;B2
90''><<=2
22>;2??@:@CACD2B;C:
2;>;2;;2B<
:B;
2B?
90'';@<=2
2<@>:<><C<><;22B;C<
;;;;2B<
:B;
;BC
9'%)
>;C>@:2B;AA
>B;
>B<
;BA
!!"#$%&'%&(&)&*+,-&&.%&)/0,)1&*+,-&&23%&4&0,)1&*+,-&&52%&5*6789:;,
"<=.>"?@%&AA%&A8BB8C&ADEF:-&&'G%&'F8C+&GD+:DF-&&3H%&3E;69BEF&H*;68B8FE:*8+-&&"'!%&"+:DF+EB&'F8C+&!I8:,&5DF6D+:&8J&KL&2MDF;*ND&E+OP8F&./;*ND&:9QDF;&69:,
#!G.'&H"!$.!$&R.?"ST%&U!=&!6EQ&S9F;DFV-&&L%&S8&"+JD6:*8+-&&W%&>8C&"+JD6:*8+&(1X-&&0%&"+:DFYDO*E:D-&&1%&A*Z[BV&!9;6DI:*QBD,
$U.?=R"?@&R.?"ST%&.9Z9;:&)L\&)LW]-&&RE:*+Z;&W/1-&&W%&$EFBV&^M*+D;&68YIBD:DBV&ODEO_-&&1%&>E:D&^M*Z8F89;&M*+D\&;8YD&JB8CDF*+Z_,
5BE+:&HE:D%
1P1P)L%'R="!$%&!*Y9BE:DO&QBE67;I8:&QF9*;D&:D;:&EMDFEZD&+9YQDF&8J&;I8:;&IDF&:9QDF,
3*+D&`*BB%
]PWP)L&$+M*F8CDE:[DF%&$+:F*6E+&!:E:*8+,&5BE+:*+Z&:8&M*+D&7*BB
HEV;&JF8Y&IBE+:*+Z&:8&M*+D&7*BB%
WW]&'(!')#*STU
#/3'(*V/%-.#M
%@(A8BCB>D(9&!(BD8E&!DF8AG!HIJ&8B>AG
CH>!ID8C&(AGAD(IK&IA>!A(
C"L&'&M;&G%NM%O#%P&)-E&*/*/&Q)+'&="LRS
??&F"R%&,/TU&+*)1
!!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"#$%
&'(!')#*+,*#+#%-
!-.)'
)/012
#+#%-
/012
34%4+5&+0&*6(
7758.30
3!0!%3
"9%#
#3:;<4=
$,=>?@A*(=B
2CDECF2GC2HG2DC2IJKD
J2JJJDIC
CIJ
JIE
!+FFJKLML(
2DKECDKGH22GHJE2IJLK
J2JJJDIG
DIJ
JIK
90N2JKML&&
2DHCCH2K2DGK2J22IJKE
JJJJ2IG
2IJ
JID
90''DHKML"&
2DCLDKGGE2HGEJ22IJLJ
2JJJJ2IJ
DIJ
JI2
9033CJGMD&
2DDGDGGKF2FKFJD2IJEL
JEJJJ2ID
DIJ
JI2
90%%2J2M2((
2DDLCHHLLC2LLJH2IJG2
J2JJJJIG
CIJ
JID
(")*&+%,&-.)$"-(
/0120334//24/1//5130
10111-(/51
15/
90%%2DKMK&&*O<><
22GKDEGKCDKKCJJ2IJEC
JJJJ2IK
2IJ
JIH
90!!L2HM2(P0&-
22KFCCCEHHEEHJ22IJKF
J2JJJ2IK
DIJ
JID
90NHDKM2(*O<><
22H2DECELHHELJ22IJEK
JJJJJIG
2IJ
JI2
9033DEJM2&&
22HJCFFCELCCEJD2IJKG
JJJJ2IK
HIJ
JID
90%%KJLMK&&
22DD2HLGH2LGHJJ2IJLE
JJJJ2IK
CIJ
JIC
5<QR<*S7N&!T
222GDCGEJCKEJJ2C2IJLE
JJJJJIK
CIJ
JI2
90UHHCMC&*O<><
2FKCJECDLGCDJJ2IJKH
JJ2JJ2IG
HIJ
JI2
90!!EHDM2&
2GL2DGLKC2LKJD2IJEH
J2JJJ2IE
DIJ
JI2
90%%2EKMD&P
2KJ2JLLLCCLLJ22IJLK
JJJJDIG
CIJ
JIC
9'%)
2GJDKH2IJLL
2IL
DIC
JID
!!"#$%&'%&(&)&*+,-&&.%&)/0,)1&*+,-&&23%&4&0,)1&*+,-&&52%&5*6789:;,
"<=.>"?@%&AA%&A8BB8C&ADEF:-&&'G%&'F8C+&GD+:DF-&&3H%&3E;69BEF&H*;68B8FE:*8+-&&"'!%&"+:DF+EB&'F8C+&!I8:,&5DF6D+:&8J&KL&2MDF;*ND&E+OP8F&./;*ND&:9QDF;&69:,
#!G.'&H"!$.!$&R.?"ST%&U!=&!6EQ&S9F;DFV-&&L%&S8&"+JD6:*8+-&&W%&>8C&"+JD6:*8+&(1X-&&0%&"+:DFYDO*E:D-&&1%&A*Z[BV&!9;6DI:*QBD,
5BE+:&HE:D%
1P1P)L$U.?=R"?@&R.?"ST%&.9Z9;:&)L\&)LW]-&&RE:*+Z;&W/1-&&W%&$EFBV&^M*+D;&68YIBD:DBV&ODEO_-&&1%&>E:D&^M*Z8F89;&M*+D\&;8YD&JB8CDF*+Z_,
3*+D&`*BB%
]PWP)L%'R="!$%&!*Y9BE:DO&QBE67;I8:&QF9*;D&:D;:\&EMDFEZD&+9YQDF&8J&;I8:;&IDF&:9QDF,
HEV;&JF8Y&IBE+:*+Z&:8&M*+D&7*BB%
WW]&$+M*F8CDE:[DF%&$+:F*6E+&!:E:*8+,&5BE+:*+Z&:8&M*+D&7*BB
#/3'(*V/%-.#P
%6+789:9-;+<&!+9;8=&69>:7-!7(&89-7?
:@-!A;8:&+7?7;+AB&A7-!7+
:"C&3&D.&?%ED%F#%)&/2=&01/G&H/I3&,"CJK
((&L"J%&M1NO&&&&&&I0/'
!&'(!')#*SWT
!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"#$%
&'&'&'&'&'&'&'()&'()&'()&'(*&'(*&'(*+,-.
/012!"#$%&
'(!)#
%!"#$%&
'(!)#
%!"#$%&
'(!)#
%!"#$%&'()'*+,%-&.-/'010123%#*/%'4*$.-/5
()$*+,-.&/,--%0
123
124
125
412'
621
4124
125
434..())"(
"'2!
'25
!/6'7()("(
"'25
'25
!3488&*&"!$$
"'25
'25
!34..(*&"!
"'25
(2'
!349'5&"((
"'25
'25
!349'5&"(!
'27%
'25
'25
!'2:
(2'
!34..&':"&
"'2:
(2'
!349&()"'(
!"#$
'27
'2:
(2'
!'25
'25
!'25
'25
!3495)'"(
(2'
'2:
(2'
!(2!
(25
!(2'
(2'
!0;<=;
"'2:
(2'
!34..'&5"(
"'2*
(2'
&7"8)9"
623
12:
621
4625
;21
4;21
;25
434//('("($$
'2:
'2*
(2'
!'2*
(25
!'25
'25
!34//>)*"(*
"'2*
(2'
!34??'&'"*
'2*%
'2*
(2'
!'2*
(2'
&34??!5("(
"'2*
(25
!34??7('"(!
"'2*
(2'
!34??7&5"&
"'2*
(2'
!34??7&7"((
"'2*
(25
!34..':>"&
"'2*
(2'
!34..(5:"(
"'2*
(2'
!34..(*'"!@
"'2*
(2'
!34A&5&"(#
(2!
'2*
(2'
!(2:
&2'
!(25
(25
!349>&:"($
'2)
'2*
(2'
!'2:
(25
!(2&
(25
!<=9%
623
12:
621
4625
;21
462:
;21
>BCDE;FFDG$HIIJE
"'2*
(25
!34??(77"(
"(2'
(25
!34??75(">
"(2'
(2'
!34..'!("!
"(2'
(2'
!34..'7!"7
"(2'
(2'
!34..('("&
"(2'
(25
!34..((5"(
"(2'
(25
!34..(7!"(
"(2'
(2'
!34..(:("&
"(2'
(25
!34..&>:"7K@
"(2'
(25
!34L!&>"(@
(2(
(2'
(2'
!(2!
(25
!'2*
(2'
!34#(57"&
"(2'
(25
!34#5':"&
"(2'
(2'
&349&()"(>
!"#$
'2)
(2'
(2'
!'2*
(25
!'2*
(2'
!349&>&"':
(2!
(2'
(25
!(2!
(25
!(25
&2'
!349&>*"('
"(2'
(25
!349&7*"(#
"(2'
(2'
!349>>!"(@@
(27
(2'
(25
!(25
&2'
!&2&
&25
!34//&>("(
"(2&
(25
!34//&7'"!
"(2&
(25
!34??(:)"(
"(2&
(25
!34??!'*"&@
(2&%
(2&
&2'
!(2&
(25
!34??!:("(#4MF
(25%
(2&
&2'
!(2*
&2'
!34??7(>"('
"(2&
(25
!;16:?;1&@ABC&DE@FB@F&!/EB7&@GHHB/I
@ABC&JG/@F/IK&HLJ!AB7H&/F@FB/AM&AFJ!F/&K&HE
!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"#$%
&'&'&'&'&'&'&'()&'()&'()&'(*&'(*&'(*+,-.
/012!"#$%&
'(!)#
%!"#$%&
'(!)#
%!"#$%&
'(!)#
%;16:?;1&@ABC&DE@FB@F&!/EB7&@GHHB/I
@ABC&JG/@F/IK&HLJ!AB7H&/F@FB/AM&AFJ!F/&K&HE
34??7!>"*
(2!%
(2&
(25
!(25
&2'
!3488&77"(
"(2&
(25
!3488:&5"&!&
"(2&
(25
!34NN>):"?
"(2&
(25
!34..'5&"5
"(2&
(25
!34..(>("&
"(2&
&2'
!34..(5("&
"(2&
(25
!34K(7!"!
"(2&
(25
!34L!&>"&$
(2>
(2&
(25
!(2&
&2'
!&2'
&2'
!349(')"*@@
"(2&
(25
!349&()"(!
!"#$
'2)
(2&
&2'
!'2:
(2'
!'2*
(2'
!349&>&"(!
(2&
(2&
(25
!(2&
(25
!(2!
(25
!349>(!"7@
(2>
(2&
(25
!(2*
&2'
!(2!
&2'
!349>(7"*$#
(2(%
(2&
(25
!(2'
(25
!?FD<=OJPPQGR349(')"('@@S
(2&
(2!
(25
!(2&
(25
!(2&
(25
!THPUVG8W;MMJPGR34K>*5"&S
(2:
(2!
(25
!&2'
&25
!(2:
&2'
!34//':7"7
(25
(2!
(25
!(2*
&25
!(2!
(25
!34//(''"(
"(2!
(25
!34//(7(">$#
(2&
(2!
&25
!(2!
(25
!'2*
(2'
!34//(*&"!$
(25
(2!
(25
!(2:
&2'
!(25
&2'
!34//!&*">
"(2!
(25
!34??'5*"(
"(2!
(25
!34??':)"&
(2!%
(2!
&2'
!(2!
(25
!34??7!:"7
"(2!
(25
!34..'('"!
"(2!
(25
!34..(>)"(
"(2!
(25
!34..(>)"&
"(2!
&2'
!34..(7)"(
"(2!
(25
!34..()'"(
"(2!
(25
!340>>!"(@@
(2>
(2!
&2'
!(2!
(25
!(25
&2'
!34L&&5"&
(2>
(2!
(25
!(2!
(25
&(25
&2'
!34L5&7"(
(2&%
(2!
&2'
!(2&
(25
!34#((("(
"(2!
(25
!349&()">7
"(2!
(25
!349&>&"')
(2&
(2!
&2'
!(25
(25
&'2:
(2'
!@JEUI=JQGR340'!'">S
(2!%
(2!
(25
!(2!
&2'
!,IFJG$UQDFJGR34L57)"($S
(2:
(25
&25
!&2!
!25
!(2!
&2'
!34//&5&":
"(25
&2'
!34//5(!"(
"(25
&2'
!34//5:'"!
"(25
&2'
!34??&(!"(4MF
(2>%
(25
(25
!(2!
(25
&34??!7>"(
(2>%
(25
&2'
!(2!
(25
!34??7(:"&
"(25
(25
!34??7(*")
"(25
&2'
!3488!(>"(
"(25
&25
!34885>&"(@
"(25
&2'
!34..'*5"(
"(25
&2'
!34..('&"(
"(25
&2'
&34..(!'"(
"(25
&2'
!34..&55"(
"(25
(25
!340(:)"(
(25
(25
&25
!(25
&2'
&(25
(25
(!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"#$%
&'&'&'&'&'&'&'()&'()&'()&'(*&'(*&'(*+,-.
/012!"#$%&
'(!)#
%!"#$%&
'(!)#
%!"#$%&
'(!)#
%;16:?;1&@ABC&DE@FB@F&!/EB7&@GHHB/I
@ABC&JG/@F/IK&HLJ!AB7H&/F@FB/AM&AFJ!F/&K&HE
34L'>&"!
"(25
(25
!34L!)*"&
(27
(25
&25
&(25
&25
!(2*
&2'
!349'5&"(>
(2>
(25
(25
!(2!
(25
!(25
&2'
!349(&'">
(27
(25
&2'
!(2:
&2'
!(2:
&2'
!3495(!"&
(25
(25
&2'
!(2:
&2'
!(2!
&2'
!3497(5"&
(2>
(25
(25
!(2&
(25
!(2:
&2'
!@FUXJPG$HIIJE
"(25
&2'
&0DVYHDPZG$HIIJEGRAL'*!5&"5$HIS
(27
(25
&2'
!(2!
(25
!(2*
&25
!3D<=;VD[GR34L5>'">S
!"#$%&'($
(2:
(2:
&2'
!(25
&2'
!(2*
&2'
!34//(&:":@@
(2)
(2:
&25
!(2*
&2'
!&2&
&25
!34//(:>"(
(27
(2:
&2'
!(25
(25
!(25
&2'
!34//()7"(
"(2:
&25
!34//!(!"(
"(2:
&25
!34//!>&"&
(2*%
(2:
&2'
!(2*
&25
!34//!:!"!
"(2:
&2'
!34//:'7":@@
(27
(2:
&25
!(2!
(25
!(2*
!2'
!34??()'"(
(2*%
(2:
&2'
!&2'
&2'
!34??&5'"(@@
"(2:
&2'
!34??&5&"(@@
"(2:
!25
!34??!'5"&4MF
(27%
(2:
!2'
!(25
(25
&34??7&!"(&
"(2:
&25
!34??7!5"(>
(2>%
(2:
&2'
!(2&
(25
!3488'5*"(
"(2:
&2'
!3488&*&"&@@
"(2:
&2'
!3488&*:"(
"(2:
&2'
!34887(>"($#4@+
"(2:
&25
!34..'&&"*
"(2:
&25
!34..'!!"&
"(2:
&2'
!34..(!("(
"(2:
&2'
!34..(5>"(
"(2:
&25
!34..(*:"(
"(2:
&2'
!340')!"(#
(25
(2:
&2'
!(2&
(25
!(2:
&2'
!340>)*"(
(27
(2:
&2'
!(2&
&2'
!(2*
&2'
!34L(!:"7
"(2:
&2'
!34L>:&"&
(2>
(2:
&2'
!(2!
(25
&(2!
&2'
!349(')":@@
(2:
(2:
&25
!(25
&2'
!(2*
&2'
!349&>*"'&
"(2:
&2'
!\HJJVG/VVJ
(2*
(2*
&25
&(2*
&2'
!(2:
&2'
!4HMJP;UP
(2:%
(2*
&25
&(2:
&2'
!ND=UEDG$HIIJE
"(2*
&25
!34//'*5"(#
(2*
(2*
&2'
!(2*
&2'
!(2*
&2'
!34//(77"&@
"(2*
&25
!34??'(:"(
"(2*
&25
!34??&!*"($#
(2!%
(2*
&2'
!'2*
(2'
!3488>>:"(K$
"(2*
&2'
!34885:7"(
"(2*
&2'
!34NN5!'"(
"(2*
&25
!34..'!*"(
"(2*
&2'
!34..(!:"!
"(2*
&2'
!34..(>&"(
"(2*
&25
!34K(7>"&
"(2*
&25
!!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"#$%
&'&'&'&'&'&'&'()&'()&'()&'(*&'(*&'(*+,-.
/012!"#$%&
'(!)#
%!"#$%&
'(!)#
%!"#$%&
'(!)#
%;16:?;1&@ABC&DE@FB@F&!/EB7&@GHHB/I
@ABC&JG/@F/IK&HLJ!AB7H&/F@FB/AM&AFJ!F/&K&HE
34L'5'"(
"(2*
&2'
!34L&>5"&#
(2)
(2*
&2'
!&2'
&2'
!&2'
&2'
!34L>>!"!@
&2(
(2*
&25
!&2'
&25
!&25
>2'
!349'7!"&
"(2*
&25
!349(':"7@@
&2'
(2*
&2'
!&2!
&25
&&2'
&25
!349>!7"&4@+
(2*
(2*
&2'
!(2*
&2'
!(2*
&2'
!34955("(
(2*%
(2*
&25
!(2*
&2'
!B0$"N0=O
;25
62P
421
>;25
;25
4421
425
434??&:&"(@
"&2'
&2'
!34??7&("!
(2*%
&2'
&25
!(2:
&2'
!3488(7*"(
"&2'
&2'
!3488!''"(
"&2'
&2'
!3488!'&"(
"&2'
&25
!34885(&"(@@
"&2'
&2'
!34885(5"&#
"&2'
&25
!34..'(*"&
"&2'
&2'
!34..'55"($
"&2'
&25
&34..(!7"(
"&2'
&2'
!34..(>&"&
"&2'
&2'
!34K>:7">$
"&2'
&2'
!349()>"&
"&2'
&25
!349>&:"!$
(2*
&2'
&25
!(2!
&2'
!&2'
&25
!@DPUF;
"&2'
&25
!4HVIJEG$HIIJE
"&2'
&25
!1UFZJVG1FUOJ
"&2&
!2'
!34//(&'"(
"&2&
&25
!34//&!&">
"&2&
&25
!34L(57"(#
&2!
&2&
&25
!&2:
!2'
!&2(
&25
5/'*>!!">IEU
"&2!
!25
!/FXJPIEUVJ
"&2!
!25
!]JV[DQG$JZ
"&2!
!2'
!3JFUZQ
"&2!
&25
!34//&(:"!
"&2!
!2'
!34//&:5"!
"&2!
!2'
!34??(':"(
&2&%
&2!
&25
!&2&
&25
!34??&:'"(#4MF
&2(%
&2!
&25
!(2*
&25
!34K'!*">#
"&2!
&25
!@N)Q*%N
;2'
;23
425
>;2:
425
>421
425
4/FFUPD
"&25
&25
!H"N=-0%%&
;2>
;25
421
4421
425
4;2;
;25
434??7(("!
"&25
!25
!/,--%0&J)+9)0".
;25
;25
421
4;2;
421
4;2:
321
4I,9)N&()$*
;2'
;25
;25
6421
425
>;2>
425
>86')&'5"&$HI
"&2:
!25
!34..(5("!
"&2:
!2'
!34$3^&
"&2:
!25
!34L()!"(#
&2!%
&2:
!2'
!&2'
&25
&34L&)!"(#
"&2:
!2'
!/%#"
;2>
;2'
421
4;25
;25
;;25
;25
43;<W;YDVG@HPMFJ
"&2*
!2'
&86))':7"7$
"&2*
!25
!!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"#$%
&'&'&'&'&'&'&'()&'()&'()&'(*&'(*&'(*+,-.
/012!"#$%&
'(!)#
%!"#$%&
'(!)#
%!"#$%&
'(!)#
%;16:?;1&@ABC&DE@FB@F&!/EB7&@GHHB/I
@ABC&JG/@F/IK&HLJ!AB7H&/F@FB/AM&AFJ!F/&K&HE
8UVIEDV<J
"&2*
!2'
!34//(5:"&@#
&2*
&2*
>2'
!!2!
!25
!&2!
&25
!34..&'&">
"&2*
!25
!34L>):"7
'($
&2:
&2*
!25
!&2&
!2'
!!2'
!25
!-;_;J
"&2*
!2'
!`D<aHJF;VJG+JJ
"!2'
!2'
&34??:()"(
&27%
!2'
!25
!&2&
&25
!/')'*7"(+?
"!2&
!25
!!"#$%&'!(#!(%)#*'+,-%.!/%!012%+345647%89:;%41;<=>%:?%@ABC%%@-%+:%'=?60;<:=C%%D-%E:F%'=?60;<:=%GBHI%=:%8<;;6J%96<5<:=5C%%K-%'=;64L6J<1;6%MN@HI%
5:L6%8<;;6J%96<5<:=5%O!35068;<296I%15%0:LL:=97%566=%:=%#;91=;<0PC%%%B-%Q<>R97%!35068;<296I%MSBH%0:T641>6%1=J%56T646%8<;;6J%96<5<:=5U
+%V%+3L264%:?%4689<01;<:=5U
WNAX614%#T641>6U%%
!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"!"!"!"#$%&
'()$%*
#$%&
'()$%*
!"#$%&'()'*+,%-&.-/'0101'2*$.-/3
+,--!./0!
"12
+,&&"3.0"4
41"
+,--!/!05''
"12
+,&&"/20"4
41"
+,--5""04
"12
+,&&4"40"!
41"
+,--53604
"12
+,&&4"!0"4
41"
+,--2.!047
"12
+,&&4560"4
41"
+,--22504'
"12
+,&&4.80"4
41"
+,&&"!20"4
"12
+,&&4230"4
41"
+,&&"2.0!"
"12
+,&&4650"4
41"
+,&&"3.0"!
"12
+,&&4680"4
41"
+,99"4/04
"12
+,&&4/30"4
41"
+,99"5!0.
"12
+,&&4880"4
41"
+,99"53043
"12
+,&&!".04"
41"
+,99"..04
"12
+,&&!".045
41"
+,99"6404
"12
+,&&!220"4
41"
+,99"350"5
"12
+,99""60"4
41"
+,9944404
"12
+,99"4304
41"
+,994.!047
"12
+,99"540"6
41"
+,994.!0!,7#
"12
+,99"5504"
41"
+,994.2047
"12
+,99"5205
41"
+,9948505
"12
+,99".50".
41"
+,9948/0"5
"12
+,99".504"
41"
+,9948/0457:
"12
+,99"2604:
41"
+,99!!504':
"12
+,99"6304
41"
+,99!3.0!
"12
+,99"350"3
41"
+,99!860"4
"12
+,994!"04
41"
+,9954604'
"12
+,9945404,7#
41"
+,995!404
"12
+,9945.0!''
41"
+,995..05':
"12
+,994./0477
41"
+,,--64.0"4':
"12
+,9943404
41"
+,--""804
41"
+,9943/04
41"
+,--4!80"!
41"
+,99!440"!
41"
+,--46/04
41"
+,99!5.04'
41"
+,--!260!
41"
+,99!3405
41"
+,--53.04:
41"
+,99!3304
41"
+,--."804
41"
+,99!/504
41"
+,&&"!!0"/
41"
+,99!8304
41"
+,&&"540"5
41"
+,995"50"5
41"
+,&&"520"2
41"
+,9954604
41"
+,&&".80"3
41"
+,995!504':
41"
+,&&"23045
41"
+,995540!''
41"
+,&&"650"6
41"
+,9955.047$%);''
41"
()()&*+,-&./*0,*0&0,123&40501,!/65&!1/,2&*788,13
*+,-&571*0139&865!+,28&10*0,1+:&+05!019&8/
!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"!"!"!"#$%&
'()$%*
#$%&
'()$%*
!"#$%&'()'*+,%-&.-/'0101'2*$.-/3
()()&*+,-&./*0,*0&0,123&40501,!/65&!1/,2&*788,13
*+,-&571*0139&865!+,28&10*0,1+:&+05!019&8/
+,9955/0"477
41"
+,994.20!'
412
+,9952404''
41"
+,994.304''
412
+,99"38046
415
+,994.804
412
+,--!./05
412
+,994/804:
412
+,--!6604
412
+,994850!
412
+,--!/304
412
+,99!4304
412
+,--23604
412
+,99!..0477
412
+,<<"2"0=
412
+,99!.30!:
412
+,<<"/2045
412
+,99!6404
412
+,&&""!0"4
412
+,99!3404
412
+,&&""!0"5
412
+,99!8!04
412
+,&&"4604"
412
+,995"204':
412
+,&&"550"!
412
+,995!"05
412
+,&&"520".
412
+,995520"!''
412
+,&&"5/0"4
412
+,995.204'
412
+,&&"2!0"2
412
+,99"2"04
41/
+,&&4420"4
412
+,--"2/04
!1"
+,&&45"0"4
412
+,--"/404
!1"
+,&&4240"!
412
+,--"/.04
!1"
+,&&4/!0"5
412
+,--!.60"3
!1"
+,&&48"0"4
412
+,--!/!0!77
!1"
+,&&!.306>7
412
+,--5"!04
!1"
+,99"4404
412
+,--54.04
!1"
+,99"4504
412
+,--2420!:
!1"
+,99"!!0!
412
+,--3!.0"4.
!1"
+,99"!204
412
+,&&"4"0"5
!1"
+,99"5"04>'
412
+,&&4540"4
!1"
+,99"540"5
412
+,&&4530"5
!1"
+,99"54046
412
+,&&4.40"!
!1"
+,99"5.0"3
412
+,&&4.!0"!
!1"
+,99"520!
412
+,&&4.80"!
!1"
+,99"520.
412
+,&&4240"5
!1"
+,99"220"4:
412
+,&&42.0"4
!1"
+,99"2/04
412
+,&&4340"!
!1"
+,99"6804:
412
+,&&4/"057
!1"
+,99"3!0.
412
+,&&!"30"!
!1"
+,99"840"4
412
+,99""504
!1"
+,994!"0"!:
412
+,99""30!
!1"
+,994."04>7
412
+,99""/04
!1"
+,994.5047>
412
+,99""80"4
!1"
+,994.50!7>
412
+,99"4.0"4
!1"
!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"!"!"!"#$%&
'()$%*
#$%&
'()$%*
!"#$%&'()'*+,%-&.-/'0101'2*$.-/3
()()&*+,-&./*0,*0&0,123&40501,!/65&!1/,2&*788,13
*+,-&571*0139&865!+,28&10*0,1+:&+05!019&8/
+,99"420"4
!1"
+,<<25"0"4
!12
+,99"430!
!1"
+,&&"2204'
!12
+,99"4305
!1"
+,&&4840"5
!12
+,99"!!04
!1"
+,&&!"!0".
!12
+,99"!!0.
!1"
+,99"460"4
!12
+,99"!50"4
!1"
+,99"430.
!12
+,99"5.0".7
!1"
+,99"!!04
!12
+,99"560"4
!1"
+,99"!!05
!12
+,99"530"6
!1"
+,99"!804"
!12
+,99"530"3
!1"
+,99"5/0.
!12
+,99"5/05
!1"
+,99"3204
!12
+,99"2.04
!1"
+,99"8/0".
!12
+,99"3!04:
!1"
+,994"604
!12
+,99"320!
!1"
+,9944.04
!12
+,99"330.
!1"
+,994650!
!12
+,99"8.0.
!1"
+,99!""0".7:,7#
!12
+,99"8306
!1"
+,99!4"04
!12
+,99"8303
!1"
+,99!!604':
!12
+,99"830/
!1"
+,99!5"04
!12
+,994"80"4
!1"
+,99!.304
!12
+,994430"!
!1"
+,99!650477
!12
+,9944304
!1"
+,99!/604
!12
+,994!304>7
!1"
+,99!/60!
!12
+,9945.0477
!1"
+,995".0!'
!12
+,9945/04'
!1"
+,995"20!':
!12
+,994.!05,7#
!1"
+,995"20.':
!12
+,994.5057
!1"
+,9954606:
!12
+,994/!04'
!1"
+,995!!04
!12
+,99!"604
!1"
+,995540477
!12
+,99!"60!
!1"
+,9955204''
!12
+,99!!50"47:
!1"
+,995.604':
!12
+,99!5"0"47:
!1"
+,99""30"4
51"
+,99!6304
!1"
+,99"5.0"4
51"
+,99!630!
!1"
+,99"/60!
51"
+,99!340"!
!1"
+,9946/04
51"
+,99!3.04
!1"
+,99!"504
51"
+,995!40!
!1"
+,99!4804:
51"
+,99552057$%);
!1"
+,99!.504''
51"
+,995240!77
!1"
+,995!40"5
51"
+,9952.04''
!1"
+,995560477
512
+,--24!0477
!12
+,9945/0!7
.1"
!"#$%&'
!"#$"%&'()*&*+(,'"-+.)"*/
01*&*1(2.++3"'%(456(%+'+*"#)
!"#$"%&'()*
+#,-."
/0"#/1"
"%&#2
.!'1#
3456789':#""
.!;&.<&,+"#
()**+!&!(,-.
/3=3>?@4A+
4B3CC
4>43333=83B4
(/00%1&234531"67!%8"0&99:
9;<=>
:?:<<<<':<;9
/3>766@7.DE
4B3C5
5464333>73B5
@3$A4/06&(/00%1
9;<=9
9'>99<<B=<;>
/FGHIJDEKH'#LJJHD'(MN!$*
4B3C7
4C?5333?>3B7
0OKPLOIQ'#LJJHD
4B38>
4=46343C=3B8
/;3?4=4@4
4B3C=
48=3433?33B8
.LK.HD'#LJJHD'(&R468=3@=#LJ*
4B3CC
46C7433853BC
SOTEDO'#LJJHD
4B3>4
44CC333773B>
!FEGHI'#LJJHD
4B3??
>437533664B3
$;3=538@5#LJ
4B3C3
?=C4335?4B4
,UODVFFO'#LJJHD
4B3>7
C?8?435>4B8
-C-D!-!,E2&!(,-.F&GH,DID(EG+**,2@&.,2+*
W.248?@5
4B3>7
4883333C83B6
W.++?47@43
4B3C>
C54333C33B7
W.//565@7
4B3>4
4766333C33B8
WOKVJDHH
4B3C=
4?76433?C3B8
W.++?4C@5
4B3>6
4675433?83B?
W.N3?6@5
4B3>7
44=7433773B>
MLIEK'$XVYYHI
4B3>6
>??333733B=
W.N575@3=
4B3>=
8455433584B3
!HDEJTHZ
4B3=5
=?7334784B3
W.R578@52
4B3>4
C>7343684B3
WO[TVKO\
4B3=3
8>8443584B6
W.++?43@46
4B3>6
?=5444634B6
W.++?68@47
4B3>4
=74843784B6
W.N54=@34
4B3>3
8C?533584B6
W.R85?@4
4B3>6
7?=433534B7
W.N575@3C
4B3=>
C857346C4B7
-1$"J1KL
9;<MN
?N=:?<9=9;M
W.//5?3@6
4B3>3
767863545B3
*J3OA%J
9;<M>
9NB??9N:;?
W.//7=>@4>
4B3>?
5C7775>5B6
W.//54C@6
4B3=4
47=55585B6
W.++3C=@5
4B3>6
5?7656435B6
W.$$38>@4
4B3>?
46C78385B8
W.N453@37
4B3>5
45=84585B8
."P35"
9;<M:
9?N=>9N:;=
W.//3C?@?
4B3=5
368=4535BC
W.//65>@7
4B3>4
457C8485B>
W.N575@46
4B3==
36C68535B>
W.++?5?@44
4B3>8
!"#$%&C5B=
W.N54=@46
4B3>?
'%$$#%35B=
W.//846@4
4B3C>
35?88536B3
W.$$4?>@4
4B3C?
545888436B6
W.++38>@4
4B3=6
33?86?36B8
W.++?44@6
4B3>?
336>7836B?
W.//585@C
4B3>6
336>6?36B?
:<:<&Q.-GR*DE!&Q(),*+&*)*G+D!,Q,.,!S&!+*!
*,T).-!+C&Q(),*+&*-TD.+*U
%,W+"#';:'.!;&.'!"#'&,+"#
!"#$"%&'()*
+#,-."
/0"#/1"
"%&#2
.!'1#
3456789':#""
.!;&.<&,+"#
*,T).-!+C&Q(),*+&*-TD.+*U
%,W+"#';:'.!;&.'!"#'&,+"#
-C-D!-!,E2&!(,-.F&!-Q.+*!EGR&.,2+*
+FO[T]HIIZ
4B3??
53333334333B3
^LHHK'/KKH
4B3?4
4=43333=83B4
W.N76?@5.!A
4B387
4=43333=83B4
W.$$848@52
4B3??
4>43333=83B4
W.//4C7@4
4B38?
4C63333>83B5
W.0776@4!!
4B3?5
4C63333>83B5
W.R5=6@42
4B3??
4C63333>83B5
W.++684@4
4B38=
4783333C73B6
W.N43=@>!!
4B3?6
4783333C73B6
W.R46C@?
4B3C8
4>55333>53B6
W.//4=?@4
4B3?6
47?3333C33B6
W.R4=6@42
4B3C6
47?3333C33B6
W.03=6@42
4B3?C
4784333C33B7
W.N5?>@42
4B3C5
4784333C33B7
W.N75C@6#
4B388
4784333C33B7
W.04C=@4
4B3?=
4864433C83B7
W.R657@4!
4B3C?
4774433C33B8
W.$$633@4
4B3C6
4676333?83B8
*/V%4K34
9;<N=
9:=:<<<=<<;N
S/53J&@3$A
9;<=>
9?N:9<<=?<;N
W.N?48@5
4B3??
4776343?>3B8
W.&585@42
4B3??
4585433?33B?
W.R657@5#
4B3??
4585433?33B?
W.2444@4
4B3>=
4577333?33B?
W._36>@72
4B3?=
4836443C83BC
W.N74?@>#2
4B38?
4485533883B>
W._7C?@7#
4B3C6
4368433863B>
W.++546@4.!A
4B3C>
4484543883B=
W.N8=3@4
4B3?4
C=4534684B4
W.//453@4
4B3C4
C?7633684B5
W.R48?@42
4B3?>
8?6654584BC
W.283C@5
4B3C?
8>5446584BC
W.$$635@4
4B3C?
76>644534B=
W.N884@4
4B3C8
76?853534B=
D(+.,T,2-(S&!(,-.F&GH,DID(EG+**,2@&.,2+*
W.""355@>
4B3CC
53333334333B3
W.""385@8
4B3C3
58333334333B3
W.SS7=C@+
4B38?
5343333=83B3
W.++43C@4
4B3?>
4=43333=83B4
W.++?67@>
4B3C4
4>53333=33B4
W.$$C58@565
4B3?>
4>53333=33B4
W.""36>@4
4B38C
4C63333>83B5
W.SS863@4
4B3?8
4C44333>=3B5
W.""46C@6
4B3CC
5554333>>3B5
W.//3>8@4
4B3C4
4?73333>33B5
W.""3?6@?
4B3C?
4?73333>33B5
W.""487@4
4B38=
5383333>33B5
W.""4>3@6!
4B3C?
4?73333>33B5
W.""343@6
4B3C3
4?64333>33B6
DK5%
9;<BN
9NN<<<<BN<;?
W.""484@6
4B3C>
4?53433>73B6
!"#$"%&'()*
+#,-."
/0"#/1"
"%&#2
.!'1#
3456789':#""
.!;&.<&,+"#
*,T).-!+C&Q(),*+&*-TD.+*U
%,W+"#';:'.!;&.'!"#'&,+"#
W.++?56@45
4B3C3
4865333C83B7
W.""3C7@5
4B3C6
4865333C83B7
W.""464@4
4B3CC
4784333C33B7
W.++4=3@4
4B3?>
4684333?>3B7
W.""48C@4
4B3CC
45>3333?33B7
W.++?84@7
4B3C4
4>83533C53B7
W.N54=@7?
4B3C7
4666333?>3B8
W.""366@5
4B3C4
46?5333?53B8
W.""4=3@4
4B3C6
4756433C33B?
W.""474@5
4B3C=
44863338>3B?
W.""364@6
4B3C>
4585433?33B?
W.R375@6
4B3C=
43C4433863B?
W.""358@4
4B3C?
43>3443833B>
W.""53C@35
4B3C8
=C7333783B>
W.//574@4
4B3CC
43C4434833B=
W.++353@>
4B3C?
>C8333733B=
W.""46?@4
4B3C5
44>8343773B=
W.++?54@6
4B3?=
?454343633B=
W.++?58@5
4B3>=
C=8433654B3
W.++4??@4
4B3C4
=?7633744B3
W.++4C=@4
4B3C5
=76733784B4
W.++34C@4
4B3C=
?C8533634B5
-1$"J1KL
9;<M:
N9<::9<:N9;:
W.""47=@5
4B3>7
43755547=4B6
W.""434@5
4B3>6
7=8434534B7
W.""484@5
4B3C8
C5C733684B7
*J3OA%J
9;<BB
NN=><<:N9;N
W.""47=@4
4B3C8
=64664784B?
W.""34>@5
4B3=5
776?54535B4
W.""4C4@5
4B3>5
44C86685B=
D(+.,T,2-(S&!(,-.F&!-Q.+*!EGR&.,2+*
!OIEFV
4B387
53333334333B3
W.//675@5
4B3?8
4=43333=83B4
W.$$647@4
4B3?8
4=43333=83B4
%V`VH
4B3?8
4>53333=33B4
1EFQHK'1FE]H
4B3?3
4>54333>?3B5
W.$$C57@47
4B3??
4883333C83B6
W.++638@5.!A
4B3?3
4874333C83B6
/FFEIO
4B3?7
4C77333?>3B8
(%#"
9;<=?
9>?:9<<B<<;N
W.++6C4@42.!A
4B3C3
=4333337C3B8
$EKJDOK[H
4B3?3
>444333733BC
W.""3>8@4
4B3C8
43>4433833BC
WHFEQZ
4B3?C
>=6333733B>
W.""4==@4
4B3C6
=88433783B=
W.""588@4
4B3C6
=75554784B7
aO[bLHFVKH'AHH
4B3>4
5?>634434B>
D(+.,T,2-(S&!(,-.F&D,@T+2!+C&.,2+*
C"45&(%A&234$"JA
9;<N:
9'9<<<<'N<;9
W.N75C@4#'UVKV
4B38C
4=43333=83B4
W.++63>@5!
4B38?
4>53333=33B4
W.""57C@?_!
4B3?3
4>53333=33B4
!"#$"%&'()*
+#,-."
/0"#/1"
"%&#2
.!'1#
3456789':#""
.!;&.<&,+"#
*,T).-!+C&Q(),*+&*-TD.+*U
%,W+"#';:'.!;&.'!"#'&,+"#
W.R776@6!'UVKV
4B3C7
4>53333=33B4
W.$$875@4!
4B387
4C53333>=3B4
0V[TV'(MN!$*
4B3?8
4>43333=83B4
W.//434@4##
4B3>4
4C63333>83B5
W.++583@4!!
4B3C>
4C63333>83B5
W.$$?47@4#2.!A
4B3C=
4>44333=33B5
W.N43C@?!!
4B3C8
4773333C>3B5
W.//48C@5!2
4B3?C
4?64333>33B6
W.//C3?@C!!
4B3?8
4?64333>33B6
W.//45C@C!!
4B386
45>3333?33B7
:HK\OZ'#HQ
4B3C5
4765433C33B8
$;==3C?@?#
4B3?C
43?7333833BC
)*DQ7*W-&!(,-.&GH+GR&*-TD.+*&X231&#4/K0%AY
W.N3?6@5
4B3>3
5464333>73B5
AOUETO
4B3>5
474343338?3B8
$;44356@=_
4B3??
48C5433?33B?
!HDEJTHZ
4B3=3
46C8333853BC
.KE\QHK
4B3>4
43455433733B>
$;44356@5_
4B3>>
43436533733B=
W.N575@46
4B3=?
43CC433734B3
+5>?=@5=
4B3>6
>447533654B3
%SC84=@4
4B3>8
?46?333574B3
W._7C7@4
4B3>6
438?733734B5
%24?6
4B3>4
C8435435>4B7
)*DQ7*W-&!(,-.&Q(),*+&*-TD.+*
W.N3?6@5
4B3>3
844>433534B5
%SC84=@4
4B3>8
646?633454B7
AOUETO
4B3>5
6>?>33454B>
%24?6
4B3>4
67>?73455B5
$;44356@=_
4B3??
84>776535B7
$;44356@5_
4B3>>
38>?8435B?
+5>?=@5=
4B3>6
56C67?>5B=
.KE\QHK
4B3>4
348=?736B6
!HDEJTHZ
4B3=3
3776>?36B6
W._7C7@4
4B3>6
336=C?36B?
W.N575@46
4B3=?
3388C>36BC
()*+,+-.+/)01234+).56+7)289:,+2);+7+)-<,,+-.+/)8.)=87>+2.?)=+,/)8.)#')@)8.),+82.)"!)=<572?)
8A/):,8-+/)3A)8)23B123/+/):,C;<</)/759)8A/)7<.8.+/).+A).39+2)).<):7</5-+)2395,8.+/)675323ADE)
*89:,+2);+7+)867823>+1:++,+/)8A/)2-<7+/)""F"")G)"!F!'!'E
H=+).86,+)32):7+2+A.+/)3A)82-+A/3AD)<7/+7)<I)8>+78D+)A596+7)<I)2:<.2):+7).56+7E
        Funding:
 Federal Grant, M
PIC and 
Potatoes USA/SNAC
  2020 On-Farm Potato Variety Trials
  Chris Long, Trina Zavislan, 
Damen Kurzer
, Dr. Dave Douches
 Cooperators: James DeDecker, (Presque Isle Co.), Monica Jean (
Clinton
 Co.) 
 INTRODUCTION
  
Our 
main objectives
 for on-farm potato v
ariety trials are to: 1) 
identify promising lines for 
further
 testing and evaluation
, 2)
 conduct 
larger scale commercial agronomic and processing 
trials through 
multi
-acre block planting
s, and 3) 
use trial data to encourage the 
commercialization of
 new varieties in the state of Michigan. We share our results with growers, 
breeders, and processors acro
ss the country to aid in the development of new varieties. 
In 2020, 
we conducted 25 on-
farm potato varie
ty trial
s 
with 11 growers in 
eight
 counties.
  
Processing
 trial
 cooperators 
were
: 
Crawford Farms, Inc. (Montcalm),
 Hampton Potato Growers 
(Bay), Lennard Ag. Co. (St. Joseph
), Main Farms (Montcalm),
 Sandyland Farms (Montcalm),
 Verbrigghe Farms (Delta), 
and 
Wal
ther Farms, Inc. (St. Joseph). 
We also conducted p
rocessing 
trials at the
 Michigan State University
 (MSU)
 Montcalm Research Center
 (Montcalm)
. The 
Potatoes USA/Snack
ing Nutritio
n and Convenience International (SNAC Int.) 
chip trial 
was
 conducted 
at Sandyland Farms
 (Montcalm
).  
 
Fresh 
market trial cooperators were
: C
rawford Farms
, Inc. (Montcalm)
, Horkey Bros. (Monroe),
 Kitchen Farms
, Inc. (Antrim), 
Lennard Ag. Co. (
St. 
Clair),
 Verbrigghe Farms (Delta), 
and 
Walther Farms, Inc. (St. Joseph
, Tuscola) 
 
PROCEDURE
  
A.  Processing Variety Trials
  
We evaluated 
52 chip processing varieties in 20
20. To evaluate selected processing
 lines, we 
used the following check varieties: 
Altantic, Lamoka, and Snowden. For all trials, we used 10fl 

in-row seed spacing and 34fl rows.  
 
The majority of our processing trials 
were
 strip trials. These trials consisted of
 a single 
75-100
™ strip for each variety of which we
 harvested and graded a single 23-
ft section
. For each variety in 
the 
Walther Far
ms, Inc. trials,
 we 
planted three, 15-
ft long rows 
and harvested the center row. 
We also conducted multi
-acre block plantin
gs of promising, non-
commercialized trials
 at Sackett 
Potatoes, Sandyland Farms, Thorlund Bros., Verbrigghe Potato Farms, 
and Walther Farms
. Agronomic production practices for these block plantings varied based on each grower™s 

production system.  
 B.  Processing Variety Trials
  
We conducted the Potatoes USA/SNAC Int. Trial for Michigan at Sandyland Farms, LCC 

(Montcalm County). 
We planted 11 
varieties 
in 300
™ strips
 and
 harvested
 three,
 23-
ft section
s of 
row 
for each variety
. Our check varieties were ‚Lamoka™ and
 ‚Snowden™. 
For 
more details on 
this 
trial, please reference the 20
20 annual report published by Potatoes USA. 
 C. Fresh Market Trials
  
Within the fr
esh market trials, we evaluated 
74 primary
 entries 
(this
 does not include 
entries 
from Potatoes USA/NFPT tria
l) which includ
ed: 
37 russet, 
28 red, 30 yellow, 4 novelty, and 11 
round white types. To evaluate selected table
-stock lines, we use
d the following check varieties:
 Red
: Dark Red Norland 
Round White
: Reba
, Superior 
Russet
: Russet Norkotah, Russet Burbank, 
Silverton Russet
 Yellow
: Yukon Gold 
We planted all
 trials with 34fl wide rows and 10fl in-
row seed spacing.
  
We evaluated the majority of our fresh market trials as strip trials. These trials consisted of a 

single 60-100™ for each variety of which we harvested and graded a single 23-
ft section. We 
planted t
he NFPT trial at Walther Farms, Inc. as single 15™ long strips 
and harvested the entire 
strip. 
2020 was the second
 year conducting an early generation tablestock variety trial with red 
skin white flesh potato varieties. This trail was planted and harvested
 like the NFPT trial, 
and 
took place at Walther Farms, Inc. 
We planted Walther Farms, Inc. trials 
trial with 
three, 15-
ft rows
 and harvested the middle row
. We also conducted multi
-acre block plantings of promising, 
non-commercialized trials a
t 
Crawford 
Farms
 and Lennard Ag. Co. Agronomic production 
practices for these block plantings varied based on each grower™s production system. 

 
RESULTS
  
A. 
 Processing
 Variety 
Trial 
Results
  
We recorded general descriptions, pedigrees, and scab ratings 
for all variet
ies tested in 2020 

(Table 1) and evaluated these 
varieties based on yield, specific gravity, internal quality, common 

scab ratings, and maturity (Table 2). Below 
are
 six
 superior processing varieties from
 2020.   NY165: 
This Cornell variety was 
evaluated at six locations in 2020, including the Box Bin 

trial. It had the seventh highest US#1 yield of 458 cwt/A and a total yield of 553 cwt/A. 

The size breakdown was 81% A sized tubers and 15% B sized tubers, average for the trial. 

It had medium nette
d skin, and a uniform attractive appearance. The specific gravity at the 
trial average of 1.079. Internal quality was good, with no tuber defects observed in 2020. It 

had a common scab rating of 1.2, lower than the trial average, and a stem end defect scor
e of 0.6, lower than the trial average of 1.6. 
Off the farm chip color was 1.2. 
  
MSW474-1
: This Michigan State University variety was evaluated at five locations in 

2020. It will be further evaluated in 2021 in storage trials only. It had an above average 

yield of 422 cwt/A US #1 tubers and a total yield of 540 cwt/A. This variety had 77% A 

sized tubers and 22% B sized tubers. It has a slightly higher specific gravity of 1.082 than 

the trial average. No internal defects were observed, and the common scab score was 1.2. 

This variety had a round, uniform type with medium netted skin. Some sticky stolons were 

observed in 2020, potentially corresponding to a later vine maturity of 3.8.  

  MSZ120-
04: This 
variety had the third highest US#1 yield in the 2020 trials when 
evaluated at five locations. It had 89% US #1 tubers, 9% B sized tubers 
and a specific 
gravity of 1.081. This variety had four percent hollow heart and two percent brown center, 

both around the trial averages. It had a bright appearance, with thin skin and a round type. 

Off the farm chip color was at the trial average of 1.7, and stem end defect was below the 

trial average at 0.7. It had a full season vine maturity of 3.8. 

 
NY163
: This Cornell variety had some apical purple pigmentation, but it did not affect chip 
quality. It also had a round type with attractive waxy skin. It was evaluated at six locations 

in 2020 and will be further evaluated in 2021 to assess its potential as a cold chipper. It had 

an above average yield of 386 cwt/A US#1 tubers and 16% B sized tubers. Internal quality 

was good, with only two percent vascular discoloration observed. It had an earlier vine 

maturity of 2.1, below the trial average of 2.8. Off the farm chip quality was good with an 

average color of 1.3. The common scab rating of 1.6 was at the trial average.  

 
COOR13270-2: 
This Colorado State University variety was evaluated at five locations in 

2020. It had a total yield of 458 cwt/A and a US#1 yield 
of 377 cwt/A. The size profile was 

average for the trial with 81% US#1 tubers. The off the farm chip score was slightly darker 

than average with a score of 2.2, but chip quality was generally acceptable. Eight percent 

internal brown spot was observed in 2020, above the trial mean of two percent. There was 

more common scab observed than the trial average. The appearance was uniform and 

bright, with round tubers.  

 
MSZ242-13:
 When it was evaluated at eight locations in 2020, this variety had a total yield 
of 429 cwt/A and a US#1 yield of 369 cwt/A. This trial had five percent oversize tubers, 
higher than the trial average of two percent. It had a very high specific gravity of 1.090 and 
six percent internal brown spot. Common scab was below average, with a rating of 1.2 

across all trials. Vine maturity was later than average at 3.5. Tuber type was round to oval, 

with slight growth crack and sheep nose observed in 2020. It will be further evaluated in 

2021 at multiple locations. 
 
B.  
Potatoes USA/SNAC Int.
 Chip
 Trial
  
In 2020, we conducted 
the Potatoes USA / SNAC Int.
 Michigan chip trial 
at 
Sandyland 
Farms
, LLC in Montcalm County
. We compared y
ield, size distribution, and specific gravity of nine 
test 
varieties 
to Lamoka and Snowden 
(Table
 3). 
We also evaluated at
-harvest raw tuber quality 
(Table 4) and sent samples to 
Herr Foods, Inc. (Nottingham, PA) where potatoes we
re processed 
and scored for out of the field chip quality (Table 5). 
We assessed
 blackspot bruise susceptibility 
(Table 6)
 and 
pre-
harvest panels for each variety (Table
s 7
A and B
).  The varieties with the highest US#1 yields were 
MSZ242
-13, NY163, and 
Petoskey
, with 
yiel
ds ranging from 
534 
cwt/A to 
516
 cwt/A. 
MSZ242
-13 
also
 had the highest percent of US #1 
tubers at 
90%, while 
B28
69-29 had the lowest at 53
%. The average specifi
c gravity of the trial 
was 1.083 (Table 3). CO11023-
9W has the highest incidence of internal defects, with 50% 
hollow heart, 10% vascular discoloration, and 17% internal brown spot. B2869-29 had 17% 

brown cen
ter, much higher than the trial average of 2% 
(Table 4
). Samples collected on October 
12th were processed by Herr™s Foods, Inc. on October 14
th. NY163 was ranked first by Herr™s and 
has a SFA color of 2 and 15.6% external defects. CO11023-2W was also ranked highly, with a 

SNAC color of 2 and 16.2% total defects. B2869-29 was ranked last with an SFA color of 3, 
deep scab 
lesions, and sugar defects
 (Table 5). 
Black spot bruise assessments demons
trated that 
MSZ063
-2, ND7519-1, and Lamoka were most resistant to black spot bruising, while B2869-29 
and MSZ242-
13 were most susceptible (Table 6). 
  C.  
Fresh Market
 and Variety Trial Results
  We recorded gen
eral descriptions, pedigrees, and scab ratings for all fresh market varieties 
evaluated in 20
20 (Table 8) and assessed these varieties based on yield, specific gravity, internal 

quality, common scab ratings, and m
aturity (Tables 
9 and 10). 
The NFPT and Ear
ly Generation 
Tablestock trials screen potato selections under initial evaluation. In 20
20, 48 NFPT
-designated 
russet varieties and an additional 
6 russet selections were evaluated
 (Table 11). Continued 
evaluation of these varieties are determined based on
 national performance. In total, 70 red skin 
potato varieties from Michigan, Colorado State University, and North Dakota State University 

potato breeding programs were grown in Michigan. Of these, 16 
varieties were chosen for 

continued evaluation in Michig
an (Data included in Table 9). They w
ill be
 grown in 15-foot 
plots in 2021. 
Below are
 top 
performing 
russet, yellow, red, white, a
nd novelty fresh pack 
varieties
. 
 Russets
   
Reveille Russet
: This variety was evaluated at 
five
 locations in 20
20 and will be planted 
across multiple locations 
in 2020
. It had 
an above average
 US#1 and total yield, 409 and 
501 cwt/A, respectively. 
It had slightly more hollow heart than the trial average, and other 
internal defects were at or below t
he trial average.
 This variety had an attractive appearance 
and a common scab rating of 0.8
. Reveille had a larger size profile, with an average of 
18% oversize tubers observed. A wider seed spacing is recommended to decrease tuber size. 
  
W9433-1RUS
 (Lakeview Russet)
: This
 variety had the highest US#1 yield 
of 
495 cwt/A
 at six
 locations
. It had a light 
russe
t skin type and 86% US#1 tubers
, higher than the trial 
average of 76%
. This medium maturing variety has a vigorous vine type and had a 
common scab rating of 1.2. It had a specific gravity of 1.077, slightly above 
the trial 

average
 of 1.075. W9433-1RUS had good internal quality with all defects observed at or 

below the trial average.
  
A08433-
4sto
: This Aberdeen, Idaho variety also had a high yield of 410 
cwt/A with 
73% US #1 tubers. It had a slightly above average specific gravity of 1.079 and a common scab 

rating of 1.4. This full season variety had a moderately vigorous vine, and 
clean internal 
defects excluding four percent hollow heart. This variety had an oblong to long flattened 

tuber type. 
A08433-
4sto
 has multiple disease resistances including PVY, 
Verticillium
 Wilt, 
Early Blight, and tuber Late Blight. 
  
CO10085-
1RUS: 
This Colorado State University selection had a high yield of 385 cwt/A 
US#1 tubers and a total yield of 513 cwt/A. It had a very high specific gravity of 1.087 and 

good internal quality. This full season variety had a common scab score of 0.7. Moderate 

all
igator hide was observed in these oblong tubers. This variety will be observed at multiple 
locations in 2021 and minitubers production has begun for future bulk plantings in 

Michigan.  
 Yellow
 Flesh
  Columba
: This yellow-
fleshed variety had
 the
 high
est total and US#1 trial yield of 
519
 and 
601 cwt/A, respectively. It produced 85
% A-sized tubers and had a lower specific gravity 
of 1.054
. Internal quality was 
very good with only one percent vascular discoloration 

observed. Columba was an earlier maturing variety with a score of 1.6. 
This variety had a 

common scab rating of 0.8, and medium yellow flesh. It had smooth, waxy skin, but did not 

have a consistently uniform tuber type. 
 
 
Queen Anne: 
This variety has a consistent attractive appearance with a smooth skin finish 

and medium yellow flesh. With a US#1 yield of 275 and total yield of 
442
 cwt/A, this 
variety had a smaller size profile with 
39% B-sized tubers. It had high ratings for both skin 
waxiness and yellow flesh color. 
It had a slightly earlier vine maturity than the trial 
average. 
Queen Anne produces uniform, oval shaped tubers w
ith a bright appearance. 
  
Cascada
: This selection has an
 average yield of 469 
cwt/A in 20
20 with 
58% US#1 
potatoes. Cascada had a very high total yield of 813 cwt/A with a higher-
than
-average 
proportion of B-
sized tubers. 
It had a 
specific
 gravity of 1.074, slightly higher 
than the trial 
average of 1.0
67. It had a larger vine type and 
a full season
 vine maturity
. It had
 excellent
 internal quality, with no defects observed. 
Cascada
 had bright waxy skin and deep yellow 

flesh color
. This 
variety
 displayed scab succeptibility in 2020, with an average score of 2.5, 
higher than the trial average of 1.2 

 
Paroli
: This variety 
was grown at 
four
 location
s in 2020 and had 
a US #1 yield of 412 
cwt/A with 
81% US #1 tubers. It had a waxy skin and bright appearance, 
with slightly 
netted skin.
 At 1.057, it had a 
lower
-than-
average
 specific gravity,
 and a common scab 
rating of 1.1. 
Paroli
 had 
only two percent vascular discoloration and no other 
internal 
defects in 2020. 
This 
early maturing variety had a larger vine type. 
This variety will be 

provided to growers for bulk plantings in 2021 pending seed availability.
  Red Skin 

 
NDAF113484B-1
: This 
North Dakota 
cross selected in Maine
 was the
 second high
est 
yielding variety in the 2020 
red skin potato trial with a US #1 yield of 
424
 cwt/A
 and a 
total yield of 488 cwt/A
. It was evaluated at 
four locations in 2020 and had 85% US #1 
tubers. NDAF113484B-1 
had a specific gra
vity of 1.058, 
slightly lower
 than the trial 

average of 1.067. It had good internal quality 
with 
no defects other than one percent 

vascular discoloration
. This 
mid-season variety
 had a common scab rating of 0.5 
and slight 
skin flaking
. Severe silver scurf 
was observed in 2021, but tuber skin was deep red and 

highly uniform. 

 
NDA050237B-1R
: This variety had a high US #1 yield of 3
96 cwt/A
 and a specific gravity 
of 1.061
. Its internal quality was 
generally good 
with low incidence of internal defects. 

This var
iety had an oval tuber type
 with uniform skin color. It had a mid 
to late season
 maturity and moderately vigorous vine. 
Skin color was a deep, attractive red, and was 
moderately waxy. Slight sticky stolons were observed along with a uniform oval type. 

 
 CO99076-6R
: This 
early
 maturing
 Colorado 
variety
 produced 
attractive, 
uniform 
tubers 
with deep red skin. 
It had a
 US #1 yield of 335 
cwt/A
, above 
the trial average of 
260 cwt/A
. CO99076-6
R ha
d a 
larger
 size profile with 
only 10
% B size tu
bers. It had good 
internal quality with only 
three percent vascular discoloration and one percent internal 
brown spot when observed at four locations. Skin waxiness was rated very highly, as was 

skin color and uniformity when observed at four locations. CO99076-
6R is scab 
susceptible
, and had an average scab rating of 2.1, 
higher tha
n the average score of 0.9 for 
all other red varieties.
  
AAC Red Viola
: This 
Agriculture and Agrifoods Canada 
selection has an attractive t
uber 
type and skin finish but had a slightly higher than average silver scurf rating. It had a below 

average yield of 
232 cwt/A and good internal quality. 
AAC Red Viola may be less 

susceptible to common scab then average, as the scab score was 0 when evaluated at one 

location in 2020.  Tubers were round to oval with an attractive uniform skin. 
  Round White  
 MSCC302
-1
: This 
variety
 had the third highest 
yield of all round white varieties
 in 2020. 
With 82% US#1 tubers, 
it 
had an average size profile
. This variety had slight hollow 
heart, 
a lower
-than-
average
 common scab rating, 
and was 
moderately
 waxy. It had a uniform 
round tuber type, a bright appearance, and moderate black spot bruising observed in 2020.
 
 
Audrey
: This 
variety
 had a
n oval type with a bright appearance and slight netting. Some 
tubers had a pointed appearance
, contributing to the slightly higher than average percentage 
of pickouts. Audrey had good internal 
quality, at or below the trial avera
ge. Vine maturity 
was slightly earlier than average, and skin waxiness was higher th
an average when 
evaluated at 
four locations.  
 
HZC
 01-1356: 
With an above average total yield and below average US#1 yield, this 

variety
 had a smaller size profile and produced more B-sized tubers than average. It had a 
uniform round tuber type 
with
 a bright appearance, but some growth crack was observed. 
Vascular discoloration was ab
ove the trial average, but other internal defects were 
acceptable.
 This 
variety
 had a more vigorous vine than average as well as an earlier vine 
maturity
.  
 Novelty
  Blackberry
: This Michigan
 State University
 selection had purple skin and flesh, and 
a slightly above 
average yield of 
350 cwt/A US #1 tubers. It produced 76
% A sized tubers 

and 19% B sized tubers. Blackberry had no internal 
defects but
 was only evaluated at two 
locations in 20
20. The purple skin and flesh w
ere
 a uniform dark color, but 
severe
 sil
ver 
scurf was observed.
   
MSV443-
1PP
: This variety had dark and uniform purple skin and 
was evaluated at 
only 
one 
location
 in 2020. It had the 
highest total yield of 
novelty 
varieties
 at 
590
 cwt/A and 
86% US#1 tubers. It had no internal defects and a common scab rating of 1.0, slightly 

below the trial average.  
The skin was netted and less waxy than average.
  Table 1. 
2020
 Chip Processing 
Variety Descriptions
  Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating
* Characteristics
 Atlantic
 Wauseon x
 B5141
-6 (Lenape)
 3.0
  Average
 yield, early maturing, high
er specific 
gravity
, good internal quality, high 
percentage A
-sized tubers.
  Lady Liberty
 (NY152)
 B38
-14 x 
 Marcy
 2.1
  High yield potential, 
average
 specific gravity, 
excellent long
-term storage chip quality, 
attractive round shape, earlier vine maturity
. 
 Lamoka
 (NY139)
 NY120 x NY115
 1.4 
 Average
 yield, mid
-season 
maturity, medium 
specific gravity, oval to oblong tuber t
ype, 
low internal defects, long
-term chip quality
. 
 Mackinaw 
 (MSX540
-4) Saginaw Chipper x 
Lamoka
 1.0
  Above average yield with high specific 
gravity and high percentage of A
-sized 
tubers, mid
-season maturity, long
-term chip
-processing quality with resistance to PVY 
and late blight and tolerance to common 
scab
, flattened oval type, netted skin
  Petoskey 
 (MSV030
-4) Beacon Chipper x 
MSG227
-2 
1.8
  Average 
yield
, high s
pecific gravity, uniform 
round tuber type
 with heavy netting
, good internal
 quality
, earlier vine maturity
. 
 Snowden
 (W855)
 B5141
-6 x Wischip
 2.3
  Average
 yield, 
early to mid
-season
 maturity, 
mid
-season storage, reconditions well in 
storage, medium to high specific gravity
. 
 B2869
-29 B0564
-8 x 
 B1316
-5 
3.0
  Average yield potential, higher specific 
gravity, 
light skin, smaller size profile
, smaller 
vine type.
  CO11023
-2W AC03433
-1W x 
Waneta
 2.0
  Average to above average yield potential, 
moderate hollow heart, common scab 
susceptible, mid
-season maturity.
  (2020
 Proc
essing Varieties cont.)
 Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 CO11023
-9W AC03433
-1W x 
Waneta
 3.2
 Lower specific gravity, moderate vascular 
discoloration, common scab susceptible, 
bright appearance.
 CO11037
-5W BC0894
-2W x 
Nicolet
 2.3
 Higher incidence of pickouts, good OTF chip 
quality, oval to oblong type, some misshapen 
tubers.
 COR13270-2 Winterset x 
CO02024
-9W 3.1
 Above average yield, marginal OTF chip 
quality, mid
-season maturity, common scab 
susceptible
 MSAA076
-6 
MSR127
-2 x 
MSS297
-3 
1.0
 Higher specific gravity, lower yield, less scab 
susceptible, earlier vine 
maturity.
 MSAA100
-1 
Snowden x 
Saginaw Chipper
 1.5
 High yield and percent #1 tubers, very low 
specific gravity, larger vine type, earlier vine 
maturity.
 MSAA217
-3 
Beacon Chipper x 
Atlantic
 2.0
 High specific gravity, lower yield, 
moderate 
hollow heart, common scab susceptible.
 MSAA252
-7 
NY148 x MSQ089
-1 
1.5
 High yield, more oversized tubers, blocky 
type, marginal OTF chip color, good internal 
quality, full season vine maturity.
 MSAA260
-3 
MSQ086
-3 x 
Atlantic
 2.5
 Average yield, higher specific gravity, 
moderate hollow heart, earlier vine maturity, 
common scab susceptible.
 MSAA275
-3 
Snowden x 
MSS297
-3 
1.8
 Low specific gravity, higher incidence 
pickouts, low stem end defect, 
mid
-season 
maturity.
 (2020 Proc
essing Varieties cont.)
   Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 MSAA328
-4 
Boulder x MSR169
-8Y 1.0
  Blocky oval type, high yield, less scab 
susceptible, smaller vine type.
  MSAA373
-3 
NY148 x McBride
 2.0
  Flattened round tuber shape, high specific 
gravity, poor OTF chip color, good internal 
quality, full season maturity.
  MSAA570
-3 
MSV313
-1 x 
Lamoka
 2.5
  Less uniform tuber type, good internal 
quality, earlier vine maturity, marginal OFT 
chip score.
  MSAFB605
-4 
NY148 x MSV241
-2 
1.5
  Uniform round type, heavy netted skin, good 
internal quality, high percentage A
-sized 
tubers.
  MSAFB609
-12 NY148 x 
 MSQ086
-3 
3.5
  Common scab susceptible, mid
-season 
maturity, higher proportion of B
-sized tubers, 
mid
-season maturity.
  MSAFB635
-15 NYH15
-5 x 
MSS297
-3 
2.0
  High specific gravity, smaller uniform tuber 
type, netted skin, mid
-season maturity.
  MSAFB635
-3 
NYH15
-5 x 
MSS297
-3 
2.5
  Good OTF chip quality, common scab 
susceptible, very early 
maturity, round type.
  MSBB058
-1 
NY148 x 
 MSR127
-2 
0.5
  Moderately netted skin, flattened round type, 
very high specific gravity, low common scab 
incidence.
  MSBB079
-2 
MSS927
-1 x 
MSR127
-2 
0.5
  Compressed tuber type, earlier vine maturity, 
less common scab susceptibility, 
higher 
yield.
  (2020 Proc
essing Varieties cont.)
   Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 MSBB190
-1 
MSQ131
-A x 
MSR127
-2 
1.8
  Lower specific gravity, good internal quality, 
earlier vine maturity, inconsistent 
appearance.
  MSBB610
-13 NY148 x MST096
-2Y 1.5
  Attractive blocky oval appearance, very early 
maturity, high percentage A
-sized tubers.
  MSBB614
-10 Saginaw Chipper x 
MSR127
-2 
0.0
  Lower yield, good internal quality, no 
common scab observed in 2020, full season 
vine maturity.
  MSBB618
-9 
Saginaw Chipper x 
Manistee
 2.0
  Higher incidence of VD and IBS, earlier vine 
maturity, average yield potential, lower 
specific gravity.
  MSBB635
-14 Lady 
Liberty x 
MSS297
-3 
1.0
  High yield potential, lower incidence common 
scab, moderate IBS observed, sticky stolons.
  MSV498
-1 
Snowden x 
MSQ283
-2 
0.5
  Lower common scab rating, smaller vine 
type, heavier skin, deeper eyes, average 
OTF chip quality.
  MSW474
-1 
MSN190
-2 x 
MSP516
-A 
1.2
  Higher yield and specific gravity, good 
internal quality, round uniform type, netted 
skin, attractive appearance.
  MSX225
-02 MSK061
-4 x Nicolet
 2.0
  Higher proportion B
-sized tubers, good 
internal quality, average 
specific gravity, 
round to oval type.
  MSX526
-1 
MSR036
-5 x 
Lamoka
 1.5
  Thin skin, moderate greening, high 
percentage A
-sized tubers, good internal 
quality.
  (2020 Proc
essing Varieties cont.)
   Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 MSY156
-2 
MSK061
-4 x 
Kalkaska 
2.0
  Small round tubers, below average yield, 
marginal OFT chip quality, mid to late season 
maturity.
  MSZ063
-2 
MSR148
-4 x 
McBride
 1.5
  Round to oval type, slightly flattened shape, 
bright waxy skin, smaller tuber size profile, 
good internal quality.
  MSZ120
-04 Kalkaska x 
MSQ08603
 1.2
  Higher yield, average specific gravity, round 
type with thin skin, less susceptible to 
common scab.
  MSZ194
-2 
MSQ035
-3 x 
MSU383
-A 
2.0
  Light netted skin, good internal quality, high 
proportion A
-sized tubers, good OTF chip 
quality.
  MSZ242
-07 MSR169
-8Y x 
MSU383
-A 
1.3
  Very high specific gravity, good chip color 
and internal quality, smaller vine type, mid
-season maturity.
  MSZ242
-09 MSU169
-8Y x 
MSU383
-A 
1.5
  Heavier netted skin, less uniform tubers, high 
specific gravity, good internal quality, 
marginal OTF chip color.
  MSZ242
-13 MSR169
-8Y x
 MSU383
-A 
1.2
  Very high specific gravity, round to oval type, 
medium netted skin, good internal 
quality, 
less stem end defect than average.
  MSZ269
-18 MSU279
-1Y x 
MSR127
-2 
0.5
  Pinkeye observed in 2020, lower specific 
gravity, less susceptible to common scab, 
good OTF chip color and stem end defect.
            
(2020
 Processing Varieties cont.)
   Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 ND7519
-1 
ND3828
-15 x 
W1353
 2.2
  Average yield potential, oval tuber type, good 
specific gravity, good OTF chip color and 
stem end defect.
  NDAF102629C
-4 
ND7519
-1 x 
ND7799C
-1 
1.0
  Below average yield and specific gravity, 
good internal quality, less common scab 
susceptibility, round type with thin skin.
  NDTX1244
-3W/Y
 AND07358
-1Y x 
ND7192
-1 
0.0
  Smaller size profile with many B
-sized 
tubers, lower specific gravity, earlier vine 
maturity, light yellow flesh.
  NY162 
 (K31
-4) NYE106
-2 x 
NYE48
-2 
0.3
  Apical anthocyanin pigmentation, oval type, 
bright appearance, below average yield with 
smaller tubers, good internal quality and chip 
color.
  NY163
 (L7
-2) NYE50
-8 x 
 NYE48
-2 
1.6
  Apical anthocyanin pigmentation, good 
internal quality, 
earlier
 maturity, above 
average yield, average specific gravity
. 
 NY165
 (M8-5) NY148 x 
 NYF48
-4 
1.2
  High yield, lower specific gravity, good OTF 
chip color and internal quality, uniform type, 
mid
-season maturity.
  NY166
 (N16
-11) NY140 x 
 E48
-2 
1.5
  Thin bright skin, some pear shaped tubers, 
most characteristics at trial average.
  NYOR14Q9
-9 
Eva x H25
-4 
2.0
 Above average yield, marginal OTF chip 
quality, 
common scab susceptible, flattened 
oval type.
 WAF10664
-3 
Superior x 
 W6609
-3 
1.0
  Round tubers, deeper eyes, less common 
scab susceptibility, average yield and 
specific gravity.
  *Scab r
ating based on 0
-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. 
Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program. Line d
escriptions 
prov
ided by various potato breeding pro
gram
s and updated by Potato Outreach 
Program following evaluations at various trial locations
 throughout Michigan
. 
LINEUS#1TOTALUS#1BsAsOVPO
SPGR2OTFCHIPSCORE3HHVDIBSBC
COMMONSCABRATING5SEDSCORE6VINEVIGOR7VINEMATURITY8COMMENTSMSAA2527bc524588895771261.0702.500501.50.43.55.0
largeblockytubers,slpinkeye,trperidermcrackingMSAA1001bc49452694394031.0621.8510001.50.73.82.3
heavynettedskin,round,uniformMSZ12004abcde49355289989021.0811.740021.20.72.03.8
round,thinskin,bright,slstickystolonsNYOR14Q99abcde47052389989021.0792.61612222.01.43.13.3
flattenedovaltype,slgreening,lightskinMSBB63514b468533881288001.0752.0002001.00.63.03.5
stickystolonsMackinawabcdeg459520881187021.0871.905501.00.32.52.8
mednettedskin,pointsinpos,nettedskinNY165abcdeg458553811581041.0791.200001.20.62.83.6
mednettedskin,uniform,roundtooval,attractiveappearanceMSBB0792d433494881088021.0781.500000.50.22.52.0
compressedtubershape,traceahMSAA3284d42844796396011.0791.52010001.00.22.03.0
blockyovaltypeMSW4741bcdef422540772277011.0821.700001.20.43.43.8round,
uniform,mednettedskin,slstickystolons,attractiveappearanceLadyLibertyacdeh419469891187111.0791.160022.10.32.32.6
flatroundtoovaltype,mednettedskinMSBB1901bc388468836812111.0621.800001.81.13.02.5
modgc,sheepnose,poorappearanceandchipqualityNY163bcdefg386475801680041.0801.302001.60.32.82.1
apicalpurplepigmentation,round,attractive,waxyskinCO110232Wcdf384475811481051.0811.32611002.00.43.02.7
roundtooval,gcinpos,trahCOOR132702abcde377458811681031.0802.200803.10.83.23.5
round,uniform,bright,slgcMSZ24213abcdefgj36942986981551.0901.600601.20.32.43.5
mednettedskin,gc,sheepnose,roundtoovalLamokacdf367482761776071.0791.706101.40.43.32.3
ovaltype,brightskin,pointsinposMSZ1942b36239592592031.0761.000002.00.12.03.5
lightnettedskin,trgcND75191f361460781878041.0851.007002.20.14.03.0trace
growthcrackandpoints,moderatepittedscab,ovalshapeMSX5261cd35839790990011.0731.800001.51.03.32.3
thinskin,slgreening,sheepnoseCO110239Wcdf357422841384031.0711.71720613.20.72.03.0
roundshape,brightthinskinWAF106643de354409861286021.0771.5010001.00.72.51.8
round,inconsistenttype,deepereyesMSZ0632bcdef352463752375021.0801.700111.50.62.62.9
roundtoovaltype,slflattenedtubers,brightwaxyskinMSAA2753bc343447778770151.0652.005501.80.52.33.5
bottlenecking,knobs,heatsproutingMSAA2603e34037192592031.0822.5200002.51.12.02.0
gcinposMSV4981e33738488988031.0771.52010000.50.41.52.5
heavierskin,deeperapicaleyes,ManisteetypePetoskeycdef334395841284041.0842.030001.80.81.62.3
roundflattenedtype,slstickystolons,gcinposNY162bc3304587020700101.0771.000000.30.33.32.3
apicalpurplepigmentation,ovaltype,brightCO110375Wcd3284297610760141.0701.505052.30.43.53.5
ovaltooblong,pointsandheatknobsinposSnowdenacdef328415752475011.0811.604002.30.52.62.3
roundshape,darkernettedskinB286929bf325514633663011.0851.520093.00.54.33.0
uniformtype,modscab,slchipblisteringMSAFB6353e325373871287011.0811.5100002.50.63.01.0
round,ligherskintypeMSZ24207cde32337387887051.0941.500001.30.42.23.7
ovaltype,nettedskin,gcinposAtlanticb32334893693011.0741.5000103.00.32.51.5
NY166bcdeg322463692669051.0771.100201.50.33.12.8
ovaltype,slflattenedtuebrs,brightlightskinMSZ26918b304358851483211.0721.5000100.50.13.03.0
pinkeye,gc,possiblepvyntnMSAFB63515e302409742574011.0913.000002.00.72.03.0
smalluniformtype,mednettedskinMSBB6189bd288351811581041.0622.30252552.00.91.52.0
slflattenedtubers,bright,trheatsproutingMSZ24209e28332188788051.0872.500001.50.72.02.5
heaviernettedskin,lessuniform,slahMSAFB6054e28230493693011.0831.500001.50.61.53.5
uniformroundtype,heavynettedskinMSAFB60912e281349802080001.0791.500003.50.62.03.0
MSAA0766e273332821382051.0851.5001001.00.42.02.5
flattoround,misshapenpos,slahMSAA2173e25728092792011.0911.5200002.00.72.03.0
slpinkeye,mednettedskinMSAA3733e246307801380071.0913.500002.00.61.54.0
flatroundtubertypeMSX22502e239311772377001.0831.5010002.00.43.03.0
mednettedskin,uniformroundtoovalMSBB61013e22824693793001.0771.5001001.50.42.01.5
niceapperance,blockyovalMSBB0581e220264831583021.0921.500000.50.32.01.5
mednettedskin,flattoround,uniformtypeMSY1562e218274802080001.0782.500002.00.82.53.5
smallandround,uniform,mednettedskinNDAF102629C4abd216328613361061.0711.200001.00.53.01.3
smallandround,trpointedtubers,modah,thinskinMSAA5703e210266791679051.0772.000002.50.72.02.0
lessuniformNDTX12443W/Yb165287583958031.0632.010101000.00.44.02.0sticky
stolons,bacterialrot,nonuniform,poorshape,lightyellowfleshMSBB61410b89103861486001.0832.000000.00.21.04.0
MEAN337407831482031.0791.733211.6
2.62.8
Table2.2020MichiganStatewideChipProcessingPotatoVarietyTrialsOverallAveragesEightLocationsCWT/APERCENTOFTOTAL1RAWTUBERQUALITY4(%)2020ChipVarietyTrialSites1SIZE2SPECIFICGRAVITY5COMMONSCABRATINGaCrawfordFarmsBs:<17/8"Datanotreplicated0.0:CompleteabsenceofsurfaceorpittedlesionsbHamptonPotatoGrowers,FreshTrialAs:17/8"31/4"Ratings:15HH:HollowHeart1.0:PresenceofsurfacelesionscLennardAg.Co.,StorageTrialOV:>31/4"1:ExcellentVD:VascularDiscoloration2.0:Pittedlesionsontubers,thoughcoverageislowdMainFarms,StorageTrialPO:Pickouts5:PoorIBS:InternalBrownSpot3.0:PittedlesionscommonontuberseMRCBoxBin,StorageTrialBC:BrownCenter4.0:PittedlesionssevereontubersfSandylandFarms,SNAC5.0:Morethan50%oftubersurfaceareacoveredinpittedlesionsgSandylandFarms,Set1hVerbirgghePotatoFarms6SED(STEMENDDEFECT)SCORE7VINEVIGORRATING8VINEMATURITYRATINGjWaltherFarmsNorkotahFertilityTrial0:NostemenddefectDate:VariableDate:Variable1:TracestemenddefectRating15Rating152:Slightstemenddefect1:Slowemergence1:Early(vinescompletelydead)3:Moderatestemenddefect5:Late(vigorousvines,someflowering)4:Severestemenddefect5:Extremestemenddefect3OUTOFTHEFIELDCHIPCOLORSCORE4RAWTUBERQUALITY(SNACScale)(percentoftubersoutof10)5:Earlyemergence(vigorousvines,someflowering)       
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 Table 8. 2020
 Russet and Tablestock Variety Descriptions 
Russet 
Variety Descriptions
 Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 Alverstone Russet
 Cre 92
-200 x 
Innovator
 2.5
 Light russet skin, some bottlenecking and 
knobs, average yield, high specific gravity, 
larger vine type, mid
-season maturity.
 Campagna
 Peribonka x NY112
 0.2
 High yield and percentage A
-sized tubers, 
moderate hollow heart, mid
-season maturity, 
darker russet skin.
 Clearwater Russet
 (AOA95154
-1) Bannock Russet x 
A89152
-4 
0.8 
Low yield, split of B and A
-sized tubers, 
higher specific gravity, good internal quality, 
smaller vine type.
 Dakota Russet
 Marcy x AH66
-4 
1.5
 Silverton Russet type and appearance, good 
internal quality, oblong blocky tubers, lower 
yield.
 GoldRush Russet
 (ND1538
-1Rus)
 ND450
-3Rus x
 Lemhi Russet
 0.0 
Medium maturity, oblong
-blocky to long 
tubers, bright white flesh, common scab 
resistance, average yield potential, earlier 
vine maturity.
 Pacific Russet
 (VO168
-3) NDA8694
-3 x 
Century Russet
 2.8
 Inconsistent type, lower specific g
ravity, 
average yield potential, attractive skin color, 
oblong tubers.
 Peribonka
 La Patate Lac
-St-Jean
 0.3 
Lower specific gravity, larger vine with earlier 
maturity, lower specific gravity, average 
yield.
 Plover Russet
 (W9133
-1RUS)
 ND4093
-4 x 
CO82142
-4 
2.1
 Larger tuber size profile with many oversize 
tubers, lower specific gravity, mid
-season 
maturity.
 (2020 Russ
et Varieties cont.)
   Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 Ranger Russet
 (A7411
-2) Butte x A6595
-3 
3.0
  Tubular type, darker skin, common scab 
susceptible,
 high specific gravity, higher 
proportion B
-sized tubers, 
slight
 vascular 
discoloration observed in 2020.
  Reveille Russet 
 (ATX91137
-1Rus)
 Bannock Russet x
 A83343
-12 0.8 
 Excellent yield potential, common s
cab 
tolerant, early bulking,
 nice uniform dark 
russeted skin with good general tuber 
appearance, occasional misshapen
 tubers 
observed
, long dormancy
, some prominent 
eyes obs
erved.
  Russet Burbank
 Unknown
 2.5
  Oblong type, lower yield, many misshapen 
pickouts
, smaller size profile, good internal 
quality
. 
 Russet Norkotah
 ND9526
-4Rus x
 ND9687
-5Rus
 1.3
  Average yield, 
earlier
 maturity, long to 
oblong tubers, heavy russet skin, low 
specific gravity
, moderate hollow heart.
   Silverton Russet
 (AC83064
-6) A76147
-2 x  
A7875
-5
 0.8  High yield, oblong to long blocky tuber type, 
medium netted
 russet skin, masks PVY, 
medium
 to low 
specific gravity, PVY, Sencor 
& Linuron susceptibility, moderate hollow 
heart, lower specific gravity.
  SunSet Russet
 (TX13590
-9RUS)
 ND9687
-3Ru x 
ND9852
-1Ru
 1.8
  Average yield, severe hollow heart, dark 
russet skin, 
non-uniform type, mid
-season 
maturity.
  Umatilla Russet
 (AO82611
-7) Butte x A77268
-4 
0.5
  Small tuber profile, 37% B
-sized tubers in 
2020, average
 specific gravity, earlier 
maturity
, smaller vine type
. 
 (2020 Russ
et Varieties cont.)
   Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 Vanguard
 (TX08352
-5RUS
) 
TXA549
-1Ru x
 AOTX98137
-1Ru
 0.2 
 Nice slightly blocky shape, medium
 siz
e profile, medium vine vigor with early
 maturity, 
 semi
-erect vines
, lower specific gravity.
  A07769
-4 
PA01N32
-1 x 
Premier Russet
 2.5
  Average yield potential, good internal quality, 
large vine type, full season maturity
, oval to 
oblong type
. 
 A08433
-4STO
 A02611
-1 x AOND95249
-1 
1.4
  Flattened oblong tuber shape with medium 
russet skin, resistant to shatter bruise, tuber 
late blight, and common scab, high yield 
potential
, full season maturity.
  A09086
-1LB
 Palisade Russet x 
AC96052
-1RU
 2.8
  Higher yield potential, smaller size profile, 
higher specific gravity, good internal quality, 
marginal appearance in 2020. 
  A09119
-4LB
 A00472
-20LB x 
Premier Russet
 1.7
  Non
-uniform type, lighter russet skin, 
average 
yield potential, higher specific gravi
ty, 
moderate vascular discoloration, significant 
alligator hide.
  A10071
-1 
Targhee Russet x 
AO02183
-2 
2.4
  Higher percentage B
-sized tubers, larger vine 
type, mid season maturity, darker russet skin, 
blocky oblong type.
  A11188
-1 
A98345
-1 x 
A98196
-5 
2.3
  Higher yield potential, larger tuber size profile 
with many oversize tubers, full season 
maturity, oblong type.
  A11326
-1 
A06030
-8T x 
AO96365
-2 
2.0
  Higher yield potential, very high specific 
gravity, severe hollow heart, full season 
maturity.
  (2020 Russet Vari
eties cont.)
 Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 A11737
-1LB
 A96814
-65LB x 
A05084
-11 1.7
 Non
-uniform tuber type, good internal quality, 
average yield potential, tubular appearance, 
moderate alligator hide.
 A12114
-7 
A06665
-10LB x 
A01025
-4 
2.3
 Low yield potential with more B
-sized tubers 
than average, marginal appearance
, mid
-season maturity.
 AF570-1 2.3
 Smaller size profile, average specific gravity, 
larger vine type, oblong to long type.
 AO06191
-1 
(Rainier Russet)
 A99134-1 x 
 0.1
 Lower yield, moderate hollow heart, early to midseason vine maturity, dark skin, prominent
 eyes, blocky type.
 AOR07781
-5 
PA92A08
-17 x 
PALB03035
-6 
0.0
 Good specific gravity, moderate hollow 
heart, 
mid
-season maturity, dark russet skin, oblong 
type, slight alligator hide.
 AOR11217
-3 
A01010
-3 x 
NDA070929B
-3 
0.9
 Lower yield, more B
-sized tubers than 
average, earlier maturity, netted skin, long 
tubular type.
 ATX13018
-2RUS
 A06015
-13TE x 
A06084
-1TE
 2.5
 Very low yield, unacceptable gravity, mid
-season maturity, poor appearance.
 CO09205
-2RUS
 
 x 1.3
 Below average yield with smaller size profile, 
moderate hollow heart, lower specific gravity, 
medium russet 
skin, uniform type.
 CO10085
-1RUS
 AC03364
-5RU x 
Silverton Russet
 0.7
 High yield potential, high specific gravity, 
good internal quality, full season maturity, 
flattened oblong type. 
 (2020 Russet
 Varieties cont.)
 Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 CO99076
-3RUS
 0.4 Average yield potential, less succeptible to 
common scab, earlier season maturity, 
lower 
specific gravity.
 COAF11018
-10 AC00395
-2RY x 
AC00395
-2RY
 0.0
 Average yield, slight hollow heart, no common 
scab observed in 2020, earlier vine maturity, 
long 
tubular type with heavy russet skin.
 COOR9205
-2RUS
 1.0 Lower yield, higher proportion B
-sized tubers, 
unacceptable specific gravity, moderate 
brown center, misshapen pickouts.
 COTX15271
-1RUS
 A03921
-2 x Mercury
Russet
 0.5
 Lower yield, moderate vascular discoloration, 
growth crack observed, mid to full season 
maturity. 
 MN13142
-32 0.8 Smaller size profile with more B
-sized tubers, 
moderate hollow heart, high specific gravity, 
earlier vine maturity, long tubular type.
 W13027-46RUS
 Plover Russet x 
Canela
 2.0
 Average yield, moderate hollow heart, larger 
vine type, mid
-season vine maturity, lower 
specific gravity.
 W14002
-2RUS
 CO05189
-2RUS x 
Russet Norkotah
 0.8
 Below average yield and specific gravity, 
earlier vine maturity, long tuber type, 
misshapen pickouts.
 W14094
-13RUS
 Russet Norkotah x 
Canela
 0.2
 Attractive shape and appearance, blocky 
type, mid
-season maturity, below average 
yield.
 (2020 Russet
 Varieties cont.)
 Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 W9433
-1RUS
 (Lakeview Russet)
 Calwhite x A96023
-6 
1.2
 High yield, larger tuber size profile, light 
russet skin, uniform and blocky type, larger 
vine type.
 *Scab rating based on 0
-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible.
Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program. Line descriptions
provided by potato breeding programs and updated by Potato Outreach

Program following 
evaluations at trial locations throughout Michigan.
2020
 Yellow
 Flesh
 Variety Descriptions
 Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 Allora
 Apart x Borwina
 1.1
 Average yield and specific gravity, earlier 
vine maturity, waxy skin, bright 
appearance, 
oval type, slight netting.
 Anouk
 Ampera x AR95
-1073 1.3
 Even split of A and B
-sized tubers, smaller 
type, netted skin, round shape.
 Cascada
 Real Potatoes
 2.5
 Higher yield and specific gravity, very waxy 
skin, dark yellow flesh color, oval to oblong 
type.
 Columba
 HZPC
 0.8
 Higher yield, lower specific gravity, very early 
vine maturity, non
-uniform appearance.
 Connect
 Solanum 
International
 1.6
 Average yield, larger vine type, moderate 
netting, flat oval type.
 Constance
 Marabel x AR93
-1243 1.5
 Lower yield, earlier vine maturity, oval type, 
slight alligator hide, smaller size profile.
 Golden Globe
 Norkia America
 1.0
 Higher yield, earlier vine maturity, very waxy, 
round type with smooth skin.
 Jennifer
 HZPC
 3.5
 High yield potential, oblong to long type, 
waxy skin. 
 Lucera
 Real Potaotes
 1.0
 Lower #1 yield but high total yield due to 
mostly B
-sized tubers, earlier maturity, 
oblong to long type.
 Maggie
 HZPC
 1.1
 Below average yield and 
specific gravity, 
darker yellow flesh, slight netting and heat 
sprouts.
 (2020 Yello
w Flesh Varieties Cont.)
 Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Score*
 Characteristics
 Melody
 Solanum 
International
 1.1
 Oval type, bright appearance, trace growth 
crack, good internal quality, mid
-season 
maturity.
 Nixie
 Real Potatoes
 2.3
 Small tuber size, bright skin, excellent 
internal quality, above average specific 
gravity.
 Paroli
 Norika
 1.1
 Attractive waxy skin, larger vine type, good 
internal quality, above average yield 
potential
, lower specific gravity
. 
Queen Anne
 Solanum 
International
 1.9
 Oval to oblong shape, yellow flesh, yellow 
skin, shallow eyes, medium to high scab 
resistance, PVY resistance and resistance to 
Ro1 and Ro4 nematodes
, attractive 
appearance, waxy skin.
 Tacoma
 Norika America
 1.2
 Oblong type with netted skin, darker yellow 
flesh, average yield and specific gravity.
 Tyson
 HZPC
 1.1
 Higher yield, slight internal brown spot, mid
-season vine maturity, round type with 
netted 
skin, bright appearance.
 Yukon Gold
 Norgleam x 
W5279
-4 
2.1
 Slightly above average
 yields, earlier
 maturity, oval shaped with yellow
-white skin 
and light
-yellow
 flesh, common scab 
susceptible
. 
CO11250
-1W/Y
 CO99045
-1W/Y x 
POR02PG25
-6 
0.3
 Higher specific gravity, good internal quality, 
pink splash around eyes, oblong type.
 (2020 Yello
w Flesh Varieties Cont.)
 Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Score*
 Characteristics
 MSCC515
-2Y MSM288
-2Y x 
McBride
 1.0
 Round uniform tuber type with shallow eyes, 
moderate vascular discoloration. 
 MSV093
-1Y McBride x MSP408
-14Y 0.8
 Above average yield, good internal quality, 
rough netted skin, deep apical ends
 MSW038
-4Y MSI005
-20Y x 
MSM288
-2Y 1.5
 Round uniform type, slight growth cracks, 
good internal quality, smaller tuber size 
profile.
 MSZ268
-1Y MSU278
-1Y x Pike
 0.2
 Heavily netted skin, round type, moderate 
vascular discoloration, higher proportion A
-sized tubers. 
 MSZ615
-2 
Sieglinde x 
MSL211
-3 
1.3
 High yield, earlier vine maturity, flattened 
round type, netted skin, moderate hollow 
heart.
 Nectar
 Real Potatoes
 2.1
 Average yield potential, full season vine 
maturity, flattened oval type, pink splash 
around eyes.
 W15240
-2Y NW64
-6 x 
W9576
-11Y 1.6
 Smaller tuber size profile, lower specific 
gravity, 
mid
-season
 vine maturity, oval type, 
uniform appearance, buff skin.
 *Scab rating based on 0
-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible.
Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program. Line descriptions
provided by
 potato breeding programs and updated by Potato Outreach
Program following evaluations at trial locations throughout Michigan.
2020
 Red Skin Variety Descriptions
 Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 Blushing Belle
 La Patate Lac
-St-Jean
 0.2
 Smaller tuber size profile, lower specific 
gravity, good internal quality, inconsistent red 
skin color.
 Dark Red Norland
 Redkote x ND626
 0.8 
Broadly adapted, 
moderate 
to above 
average 
yields, early season maturity, 
smooth, oblong, slightly flattened tubers, 
common scab tolerant
. 
Fenway Red
 HZPC
 1.1
 High yield and specific gravity, good internal 
quality, bright appearance with round tubers, 
moderate silver scurf.
 Norland RP
 Redkote x ND626
 0.6
 A selection of Dark Red Norland, similar 
type, appearance, and agronomic traits, 
moderate silver scurf.
 Ricarda
 SunRain
 0.9
 Higher yield, moderate vascular 
discoloration, uniform waxy red skin, 
moderate silver scurf.
 Roko
 Alwara x 
 MA81
-0536
 1.0
 Uniform lighter
 red skin, oval tuber shape, 
mode
rate internal brown spot, 
average 
specific gravity, above average yield 
potential.
 Vicki
 HZPC
 0.6
 Above average yield, good internal quality, 
uniform skin color, 
mid
-season
 maturity.
 AAC Red Viola
 AAF Canada
 0.0
 Attractive and uniform round to oval tubers, 
some misshapen pickouts, potential scab 
tolerance, 
mid
-season
 maturity.
 (2020 Red Ski
n Varieties Cont.)
 Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 CO14040
-3R CSU 0.0
 Average yield and specific gravity, earlier 
vine maturity, smaller tuber size profile, 
round and uniform tubers.
 CO14074
-1R CSU 0.0
 Slight alligator hide and pointed tubers, 
dark 
red, uniform skin, moderate silver scurf.
 CO14105
-1R CSU 1.5
 Uniform skin color, 
mid
-season vine maturity, 
high proportion A
-sized tubers, low specific 
gravity.
 CO99076
-6R AC91848-1 x 
 2.1
 Above average yield, below average specific 
gravity, good internal quality, highly uniform 
dark red skin color, slight growth crack, wa
xy skin. 
MSW343
-2R MSQ440
-2 x 
NDTX4172
-5R 1.0
 High yield, very low specific gravity, 
moderate vascular discoloration, deep eyes, 
sticky stolons, marginal appearance.
 MSX324
-2R MSN105
-1 x 
Colonial Purple
 0.9
 Lighter red skin color, slight alligator hide, 
above average yield, slight internal defects, 
growth crack.
 MSZ427
-3R MSQ440
-2 x 
NDTX4271
-5R 0.5
 Flattened round tuber type, earlier vine 
maturity, uniform lighter red skin.
 NDA050237B
-1R ND02
8678-1RY x 
ND028770B
-4R 0.8
 Above 
average yield, full season maturity, 
uniform oval type, slight sticky stolons, 
moderate silver scurf.
 (2020 Red Skin Varieties Cont.)
 Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 NDAF113484B
-1 
ND060570B
-1R x 
ND8555
-8R 0.5
 Attractive, uniform dark red skin, uniform 
round type, severe silver scurf, mid
-season 
maturity.
 NDTX4784
-7R 
 x ND2050-1R 2.0
 Attractive dark red skin, severe silver scurf, 
blocky type, lower specific gravity, larger 
tuber size profile.
 *Sc
ab rating based on 0
-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible.
Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program. Line descriptions
provided by various potato breeding programs and updated by Potato Outreach

Program following evaluations at various trial locations throughout Michigan.
2020
 Round White Variety Descriptions
 Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 Algonquin
 (NY141)
 R6-5 x NY115
 1.2
 Blocky oval type, less uniform, earlier vine 
maturity, slight internal brown 
spot.
 Audrey
 HZPC
 1.2
 Oval type, slight points, moderate skin 
netting, bright appearance, earlier vine 
maturity, lower specific gravity.
 Envol
 F68123 x Simcoe
 2.1
 Flat blocky type, misshapen pickouts, good 
internal quality, lower yield, very 
early 
maturity.
 Reba
  (NY 87)
 Monona x
 Allegany
 1.0
 High yield, bright tuber appearance, medium 
specific gravity, resistance to golden 
nematode Ro1, common scab, verticillium 
wilt, and early blight, susceptible to late blight 
and PVY, larger type.
 Superior
 USDA96
-56 x
 M59.44
 0.8
 Early maturity, round to oblong tubers, deep 
eyes, resistant to net necrosis and common 
scab, susceptible to verticillium wilt, pressure 
bruise issues in long
-term storage
, dark 
netted skin.
 HZC 07
-1356
 HZPC
 1.6
 Moderate vascular discoloration, uniform 
round type, bright appearance, slight growth 
crack, high total yield.
 MSAA120
-1 
MSM182
-1 x 
MSW126
-1 
2.8
 Large blocky type with marginal appearance, 
full season maturity, buff skin, moderate 
hollow heart, high 
yield.
 MSAA174
-1 
MSU161
-1 x 
MSQ440
-2 
1.0
 Bright appearance, oval type, waxy skin, 
moderate vascular discoloration, lower yield 
and specific gravity.
 (2020 Round Whit
e Varieties cont.)
 Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 MSAA196
-1 
MSW151
-1 x 
MSQ440
-2 
0.5
 Flattened oval type, trace growth cracks, 
very waxy skin, good internal quality, below 
average yield and specific gravity.
 MSBB351
-1 
MSS483
-1 x 
MSQ440
-2 
0.8
 Pink splash around eyes, buff skin, very low 
specific 
gravity, slight hollow heart, average 
yield.
 MSCC300
-1 
MST500
-1 x 
MSL211
-3 
2.0
 Flattened tubers, trace growth crack, bright, 
moderately waxy skin, severe hollow heart, 
average yield.
 MSCC302
-1 
MST500
-1 x 
MSQ086
-3 
0.8
 Uniform round type, moderate black spot 
bruise, high specific gravity, moderate hollow 
heart.
 NDAF102629C
-4 
2.0
 Buff
 skin, round tubers, slight vascular 
discoloration, above average yield, higher 
specific gravity, full season maturity.
 *Sc
ab rating based on 0
-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible.
Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program. Line descriptions
provided by various potato breeding programs and updated by Potato Outreach

Program following evaluations at various trial locations throughout Michigan.
2020
 Novelty 
Variety Descriptions
  Entry
 Pedigree
 2020 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 Blackberry 
(MSV109
-10PP)
 COMN07
-W112BGA x 
MSU200
-5PP
 0.0 
 Severe
 silver scurf, very dark red/purple skin 
color, good internal quality, average yield 
potential
, mid
-season maturity.
  MSV443
-1PP
 MSU200
-5PP x 
NDTX4271
-5R 1.0
  Mid to full season maturity, moderate silver 
scurf
, slight netted skin, dark purple skin 
color, recessed stem ends, good internal 
quality
, highest novelty yield.
  MSV443
-6P MSU200
-5PP x 
NDTX4271
-5R 1.0
  Round type, some deep apical eyes, 
moderate alligator hide, very dark, uniform 
skin. 
 MSZ413
-6P Colonial Purple x 
MSU200
-5PP
 0.0 
 Small 
uniform tubers, sticky stolons, buff 
skin, less silver scurf, split of B and A
-sized 
tubers.
     
* 
Scab rating based on 0
-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. 
Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program. Line descriptions 

provided by potato breeding programs and updated by Potato Outreach 

Program following evaluations at tria
l locations throughout Michigan.
   
LINEUS#1TOTA
LUS#1BsAsOVPO
SPGR2HHVDIBSBC
COMMENTSW94331RUSabdgej495575867622471.07756601.23.33.4
lightrussetskin,uniform,blockyCampagnadg490663749677171.072175000.23.62.8
medtodarkrussetskin,misshapenposA084334stoabceg410542731867691.07940001.43.04.1
flattenedoblongtolongtype,medrussetskinA113261degh4105048114711051.089601002.03.54.3light
tomedrussetskin,blocky,misshapenandknobsA111881g410473867602671.07203002.32.74.2
modah,oblongtype,sigahSilvertonRussetabdegj409501
8012592181.072123230.83.03.6sl
ah,oblongtype,misshapenandknobsinposReveilleRussetbdgej4014957912611891.069163100.82.72.9
medrussetskin,prominenteyes,knobsinposPloverRussetabdegj3954657917562341.06740202.13.12.7
medrussetskin,modpinkeyeandahCO100851RUSadg3855137416704101.08733000.73.54.1
modah,slflattened,oblongCOAF1101810hi359440821278461.079100000.02.82.5
long,tubular,heavyrusset,niceappearanceGoldrushdj3594667714641391.078100000.03.82.0
darkrussetskinSunSetRussetabdefg35845476115917131.074366301.83.03.0dark
russetskin,nonuniformtype,bottlenecking,knobsA090861LBabdeghj354490712465651.08233402.83.83.3
flatoblongtype,marginalappearanceA117371LBg348461751874171.08300001.72.83.5
modah,nonuniformtype,tubularA091194LBg341408831275851.086010301.73.73.5
nonuniformtype,lightrussetskin,sigahAOR077815abdegj33543974136212131.083110020.04.52.8
darkrussetskin,oblong,slah,deepereyesA100711adegh332448712265671.07810002.44.33.0
darkrussetskin,blocky,oblong,slahAlverstoneRussetabcefgj329516633161261.08204002.53.83.4
lightrussetskin,bottlenecking,knobsinposPeribonkag3244876735215301.07300300.34.02.3
knobs,points,misshapenpos,trahRussetNorkotahabdegj313412741865981.071171001.32.92.2
modpinkeye,heavyrussetskin,blockyPacificRussetabdfgj312390781970831.05904002.83.21.7
oblongblockytype,attractiveskinAF57071hi311459682765351.076100002.33.53.3
oblongtolongtypeVanguardabcegj309420712368361.06300000.23.11.4non
uniformrussetskin,slah,attractivesizeprofileW1302746RUSeg30537680106218101.067150002.03.82.9
MN1314232abcefg293459623261161.084181000.82.32.5
longtubuartype,smoothshape,slpinkeyeCO092052RUSadegj2924266524614111.074250011.33.02.7
medrussetskin,uniform,bottleneckinginposA077694eg288368781469981.07527002.53.73.2med
russetskin,modah,ovaltooblong,blockyCOTX152711RUSe2874366320558171.071020000.52.53.5
medrus,gcandmisshapenposW1409413RUSag28538175156114101.07423320.22.52.7
attractiveshapeandappearance,blockyW140022RUSag2703966418568181.06305000.82.11.9
longtype,knobs,bottlenecking,ahandgcCOOR92052RUSb256389662564291.0561000201.03.53.0
medrussetskin,misshapenposAO061911abcegj25232476145818101.076232010.12.22.7
darkrussetskin,blocky,prominenteyesDakotaRussetfg245315761868861.08280001.52.03.2
modah,medrussetskin,oblongblockytypeAOR112173abdefgj243375642959571.08195300.93.22.2heavy
nettedskin,longtubulartype,slah,attractiveRussetBurbankfh2324444938472131.07100052.53.33.8tubular,
bottleneckingandsecondgrowthinposRangerRussetfgh209396504150091.083010003.03.13.4
tubular,medrussetskin,modknobsA121147eh189294642962271.08105002.33.53.5
medrussetskin,marginalapperanceCO990763RUSabdegj1443094538405171.06731200.42.62.3knobs
andgcinpos,tubulartype,marginalappearanceUmatillaRussetf1422875037500131.07800000.52.02.0
heavyeyebrows,medrussetClearwaterRussetfg119274445043161.08105000.81.42.9
smallersizeprofile,pointsandpearsinposATX130182RUSe93179524752011.0450101002.53.03.0
poorappearanceMEAN308426702161991.07583111.33.13.0
Table9.2020MichiganStatewideRussetPotatoVarietyTrialsOverallAveragesEightLocationsCWT/APERCENTOFTOTAL1RAWTUBERQUALITY3(%)COMMONSCABRATING4VINEVIGOR5VINEMATURITY62020RUSSETVARIETYTRIALSITES1SIZE2SPECIFICGRAVITY3RAWTUBERQUALITY4COMMONSCABRATING5VINEVIGORRATINGaCrawfordFarmsRussetsDatanotreplicated(percentoftubersoutof10)0.0:CompleteabsenceofsurfaceorpittedlesionsDate:VariablebHorkeyFarmsBs:<4ozHH:HollowHeart1.0:PresenceofsurfacelesionsRating15cKitchenFarmsMiniBulkTrialAs:410ozVD:VascularDiscoloration2.0:Pittedlesionsontubers,thoughcoverageislow1:SlowemergencedKitchenFarmsStripTrialOV:>10ozIBS:InternalBrownSpot3.0:Pittedlesionscommonontubers5:Earlyemergence(vigorousvine,someflowering)eLennardAg.Co.PO:PickoutsBC:BrownCenter4.0:PittedlesionssevereontubersfMRCBoxBin5.0:Morethan50%oftubersurfaceareacoveredinpittedlesionsgWaltherFarmsNorkotahFertilityTrial6VINEMATURITYRATINGhWaltherFarmsNFPTTrialDate:VariableiWaltherFarmsNFPTAddOnsTrialRating15jVerbriggheFarms1:Early(vinescompletelydead)5:Late(vigorousvines,someflowering)LINEUS#1TOTALUS#1BsAsOVPO
SPGR2HHVDIBSBC
COMMONSCABVINEVIGOR7VINEMATURITY8WAXINESS7FLESHCOLOR8WAXINESS7SKINCOLOR9UNIFORMITY10SILVERSCURF11COMMENTSColumbaabcg519601851185041.05401000.83.81.63.62.6
nonunIFrom,trheatsprouts,trah,points,ovalMSZ6152abd48753491791021.065107701.33.52.71.82.5
flattenedroundtype,nettedCascadad469813583858041.07400002.54.54.04.55.0
ovaltooblong,bright,slnettedGoldenGlobeabceg420542761876061.06324201.03.82.34.12.3
round,mooth,bright,uniform,slnetting,trknobsMSCC5152Ydh41947189789041.073015001.03.33.52.52.3
rounduniformtype,netted,shalloweyesParoliabcg412504811081091.05702001.14.01.23.63.3
oblongtype,attractiveappearance,uniform,slnettingTysonabcg404477841184051.071031001.13.82.83.32.1
slnettedskin,round,trsheepnose,brightappearanceJenniferb401564712271071.060001003.53.52.54.51.0
bright,oblongtolongtypeCO112501W/Ygbd397576683068021.08500300.34.53.02.52.6
pinksplaroundeyes,oblong,nettedMSFF2472Yf394469841384031.07000002.03.52.53.52.0
brightskinfinishConnectabdg3866016521650141.070091001.64.04.12.52.7
modnetting,flatovaltype,slpointsYukonGoldabdg38342590489161.07880812.13.52.32.92.6
roundblockytype,misshapenpos,pinksplaroundeyesW152402Ybdg381501752375021.06000401.63.82.72.82.7
ovaltype,uniform,slnetting,buffskinNectarabcg354557633363041.075510332.13.64.22.32.2
slflattenedovaltype,pinksplasharoundeyes,pearsinposMSV0931Yabdh349406864824101.06780000.82.83.81.92.9
largeblockytype,deepeyes,lightnettedskinNixieabdeg349527662866061.07300002.33.43.23.53.8
slnettedskin,ovaltooblongtypeMelodyabg344458742074061.06730301.13.33.63.42.7
ovaltype,brightappearance,trgcAlloraabceg3394387515732101.06600001.13.22.23.72.9
bright,oval,slnetting,slpearsinposTacomaadg323444721972091.06606001.23.23.02.73.9
oblong,nettedskin,pointsMSW0384Yabdg320418742174051.06900031.5
3.42.13.0
round,uniform,slgc,nettedskinConstanceabcg298455662966051.06500501.53.82.63.03.3
oval,attractive,slah,slpears,brightMaggieabceg290383742474021.05000001.13.11.23.13.9
smallerroundtype,slnetting,trheatsproutsQueenAnneabdeg275442603959111.05600001.92.82.54.24.0
oblongtype,buffskin,niceappearanceMSZ2681Yg24726892692021.071020000.21.84.73.21.7
round,uniform,heavynettedskin,slahMSFF0691Yf21122394694001.06600001.02.02.02.02.0
oval,slnettingMSFF0551Yf201252792179001.07200000.51.52.53.52.5
slnetting,attractiveshapeTessaf183226811781021.07400002.01.54.02.52.5
uniform,oblongAnoukg173371475047031.06870001.32.83.83.32.0
smallertype,nettedskin,roundTokiof84172494949021.08100001.51.54.53.03.5
slpigmentationinvascularringLuceraa66503137913081.06700001.03.02.53.03.5
oblongtolongtubers,misshapenposMaryAnnf54118465046041.071
2.01.04.54.02.5
smoothovaltype,brightappearanceMEAN320443722372051.06813201.43.13.03.12.8
FenwayRedabcg505605831383041.07203301.14.22.9
3.02.73.42.9brightapperance,round,slnettingNDAF113484B1abdg424488851085051.05801000.53.12.7
3.54.44.83.8attractive
skincolor,uniformroundtype,severesilverscurfMSW3432Rabdg417479871187021.054020001.02.33.0
3.02.93.71.3deepeyes,slstickystolons,poorappearanceNDA050237B1Rabdg396482781978031.06133500.83.33.9
3.24.94.52.6uniformovaltype,slstickystolons,niceskincolorRokoabdh3895626921690101.070002801.03.44.0
3.41.84.42.0ND13945RYf35840089889031.07400001.53.02.5
2.03.04.05.03.5lightyellowfleshVickiabcg349490722072081.06700000.63.13.3
2.61.84.12.2DarkRedNorlandabdg342421801680041.05900000.83.61.7
3.33.11.84.3ovaltype,inconsistentskincolorandfinish,modscurfMSFF22504Rf34138788988031.065
0.02.52.0
2.03.03.02.5CO990766Rabcg335391851085051.07003102.12.92.3
4.45.04.62.2uniformroundtype,niceskincolor,slgcNorlandRPabdeg322391781976231.06104000.63.41.8
3.04.23.63.2MSZ4273Rg320363881088021.06300000.52.02.5
2.52.84.32.7flattenedroundtypeRicardadg319421751875071.066012000.94.33.6
4.42.14.41.9MSX3242Rabdg307392781578071.07203330.93.32.5
3.73.53.83.4slah,gcinpos,lighterskincolorAACRedViolag275352841678601.07300000.02.52.7
2.34.24.32.8roundtoovaltype,pearshapes,uniform,attractiveCO141051R*g267333801880021.05800001.52.32.7
2.04.04.22.7uniformskincolorCanadianRoseh26330088688061.068040001.01.53.0
2.54.55.03.0roundtoovaltype,attractiveskincolorNDTX47847Rh22724792583931.05900002.01.53.5
2.54.54.54.5darkredskincolor,slah,blockyMSFF3042Rf224314712771021.07700001.02.03.0
3.51.05.01.0lighterpinkskinCO152054Rf222289771477091.07400002.01.02.5
5.04.55.04.5attractiveshapeandskincolorCO140741R*g198268741974071.07200000.01.83.3
3.05.05.03.0slah,pointsinposND1466CB1Rf196239821182071.07200001.51.52.5
4.05.04.51.5slgcCO151213Rf126167762076041.071030001.01.51.5
3.55.04.03.0pinkpigmentationinvascring,slstickystolonsBlushingBelleg1213153825380371.06000000.23.03.5
2.21.33.21.2misshapenpos,bottlenecks,inconsistentskincolorCO140403R*g116272425742011.07403000.02.61.5
2.53.53.32.7verysmall,unfirm,round,uniformCO140482Rf88137643164051.06200002.01.52.5
4.54.54.00.5attractiveshapeandskinfinishMSFF13804Rf3766573957041.080
1.01.03.0
1.04.04.50.5ND13292B3Rf2844632963081.067
0.01.02.0
4.04.53.02.5ND1466CB2f14314643460111.063
0.02.01.0
2.53.53.04.5attractivecolorandtypeMEAN260333751974161.06705200.92.42.6
3.13.64.12.6Rebabd62465695494111.0691010502.34.02.82.0
largetypeMSAA1201bd51555593591221.064250002.83.04.01.0
large,blocky,netted,marginalappearanceMSCC3021abd458551821782011.078130000.83.33.02.8
uniformroundtype,bright,modBSBNDAF102629C4d452506891089011.074010002.05.02.51.0
netting,patchesofah,misshapenposMSCC3001bd4235437911781101.069405002.03.04.33.5
flat,trgc,brightappearanceAlgonquinbdg41849286886061.073001001.24.22.32.7
blockyovaltype,nonuniform,misshapenposSuperiorbd415521801380071.069020000.54.81.31.5
nettedroundtype,misshapenposAudreyabcg4135277713770101.06303301.23.62.33.6
ovaltype,pointsinpos,modnetting,brightHZC011356abcg407525772077031.066013301.63.32.13.3
uniformroundtype,bright,slgcMSBB3511bd40345090589151.052100000.83.03.01.8
pinksplaroundeyes,sheepnose,pointsinposMSAA1961d369473781578071.06700000.52.53.54.5
flat,oval,brightskin,trgcMSAA1741ad328390811281071.0610151051.02.82.83.8
slah,brightappearance,ovaltyypeEnvolabceg283342821376651.06700002.14.31.03.1
flatblockytype,pinkeyeorPVY,slgcandknobsinposMEAN424502841183151.06786201.43.62.72.7
YELLOWSKINTYPEREDSKINTYPEROUNDWHITETYPETable10.2020TablestockPotatoVarietyTrialOverallAveragesEightLocationsCWT/APERCENTOFTOTAL1RAWTUBERQUALITY4(%)YELLOWFLESHREDSKINMSV4431PPd590685861486001.06300001.03.52.0
1.05.05.05.0nettedskin,lessbrightMSV4436Pa443525841584011.07000001.02.52.5
4.55.04.53.5modah,roundtype,sldeepapicaleyes,lumpsBlackberryad350449761976051.06800000.02.53.3
3.85.05.04.5severescurf,uniformroundtypeMSZ4136Pa121244504850021.06600000.02.52.5
1.55.05.01.0trah,stickystolons,uniformskin,smalluniformtubersMEAN376476742474021.06700000.52.82.6
2.75.04.93.5TRIALMEAN318413752075051.06724201.22.92.83.02.8
3.03.84.22.71SIZE2SPECIFICGRAVITY3RAWTUBERQUALITY4COMMONSCABRATING5VINEVIGORRATING6VINEMATURITYRATING7WAXINESSRATINGNonrussettablestockDatanotreplicated(percentoftubersoutof10)0.0:CompleteabsenceofsurfaceorpittedlesionsDate:VariableDate:Variable1:Heavynetting,buff1:WhiteBs:<17/8"HH:HollowHeart1.0:PresenceofsurfacelesionsRating15Rating155:Waxy,smoothAs:17/8"31/4"VD:VascularDiscoloration2.0:Pittedlesionsontubers,thoughcoverageislow1:Slowemergence1:Early(vinescompletelydead)OV:>31/4"IBS:InternalBrownSpot3.0:Pittedlesionscommonontubers5:Earlyemergence5:Late(vigorousvines,someflowering)PO:PickoutsBC:BrownCenter4.0:Pittedlesionssevereontubers5.0:Morethan50%oftubersurfaceareacoveredinpittedlesions2020TABLESTOCKVARIETYTRIALSITES9SKINCOLOR10UNIFORMITYOFSKINCOLOR11SILVERSCURFaCrawfordFarms,MontcalmCounty1:Lightpink1:Highlyvariable,nonuniform0:NoincidenceofsilverscurfbHorkeyBrothers,MonroeCounty5:Darkred5:Highlyuniform,colorthroughout5:HighincidenceofsilverscurfcKitchenFarmsMiniBulk,AntrimCountydKitchenFarms,AntrimCountyeVerbrigghePotatoFarms,DeltaCountyfWaltherFarmsEarlyGenerationSelection,TuscolaCountygWaltherFarmsReplicated,TuscolaCountyhWaltherFarms,TuscolaCountyNOVELTYTYPE8FLESHCOLOR5:DarkyellowLINEUS#1TOTA
LUS#1BsAsOVPO
SPGR2HHVDIBSBC
COMMENTSAF573616514560925712131.0902040001.03.04.5med
toheavyrusset,blocky,oblong,niceappearanceA123052adg510584874612691.07700002.03.03.0
long,tubular,darkrussetskinCO110093RUS49353093688511.088600002.04.02.0
A123275VR4765888111671481.08200000.53.54.0
heavyrussetskin,ovaltooblongtypeAFA56618473533898692031.079070002.53.05.0
medrussetskin,stickystolons,ahND14110B3RUS4705608413731131.07900003.03.53.0
ovaltooblong,medrussetskin,flat,blockyAF57311145352288480881.098010001.52.52.0
medrussetskin,blocky,oblongAF57707450530859671861.086000102.03.04.5
modah,points,pears,lessuniformW13A112291RUS440539
821482041.08700000.53.03.0
AAF105961410514801473761.08000003.54.03.0long,
tubular,poorappearance,severepittedscabCO122461RUS403497811673831.0730204001.04.04.0
medrussetskin,niceappearanceA120764sto393489811677431.093002001.54.03.5
medrussetskin,oblongtype,slahCOAF1101810385455841378631.082100000.03.02.5
long,tubular,heavyrusset,niceappearanceA105082LB3784458546520111.078400000.03.51.5
modah,knobsinposND1412Y5RUS3734658196615101.081010003.03.02.5
ltrussetskin,blocky,poorappearanceRussetBurbank3676385726570171.07500002.03.54.5
modbottleneckingA1303833644607986910131.079200002.02.05.0
tubular,knobs,eyebrows,modahA100203sto360502722268461.088020002.02.51.5
heavyrussetskin,longtype,modeyebrowsAOR130642357443
8111691281.080010003.03.53.0
medrussetskin,oblongblockytubersAOR101291351459772071631.08300002.54.03.5
oblong,medrussetskinAF571123484278284636101.08000002.53.03.0
blocky,oblong,misshapenandknobbyposAF57416346415831476731.061020002.04.04.0
ltrussetskin,marginalappearanceA091369LB3444557514687111.0872001003.04.53.0
medrussetskin,misshapenposA123041sto333522643364031.08700001.53.52.0
smallerflatoblongtype,uniformappearanceA1132613334008315701321.088500002.53.04.0lt
russetskin,blocky,oblong,marginalappearanceNDAF113476CB332542377126710111.087010000.03.52.0
heavyrussetskin,blocky,lessuniform,trpinkeyeA123084VR324440
741869581.08300001.03.04.0
flatoblong,medrussetskinAF57071322450712669231.078100002.53.52.5
blockyoblongtolongtype,medrussetA1303613013668211542871.0802040000.04.04.5
flattenedovaltoblockytypeAOR106541128737077106215131.0831020002.04.05.0
medrussetskin,knobsandgcinposND13213B1RUS284422672767061.067010002.02.53.5
longtype,bottlenecking,slgcA090861LB283456623457541.0841010004.03.54.5
ltrussetskinA100711282391731967681.07800002.04.02.0
darkrussetskin,oblong,eyebrows,knobs,pointsRangerRusset278482
5831580111.083020003.03.02.5
tubular,knobs,bottleneckingAF573582733946920636111.06900002.03.03.0
longandtubular,lessuniformA1000732683218311582561.064020002.03.04.0
blocky,tubular,medrussetskinAOR11027426339267105413231.0901001000.04.03.0
blockyoblongtype,darkerskinA1211516sto260591445144051.072030003.54.05.0
long,tubular,lightrussetskinCO123781RUS255381672564381.0818010000.04.53.5
slah,darkrussetskin,lessuniformA123141sto2533527217639111.07900002.03.02.5
modah,tubular,medskinCO121521RUS243389623862001.090001001.52.53.0
slahAF5750162425014835480171.08000002.03.53.0
longtype,medrusset,bottleneckingandpointsA090224212318663066041.075020002.04.04.0
apicalanthocyaninpigmentation,ltrussetskinA082921LB201413
4937490141.08300001.02.53.5
medrussetskin,bottlenecking,pointsA123044sto1934074731434221.072010002.03.53.5
longtubulartype,lightrussetskin,knobsA121147179265672967041.08200002.03.03.0
small,medrussetskin,marginalAOR10093111473024835480171.07600000.03.03.5
ah,apicalgcA106352VR783682163210161.07800002.53.04.5
tubular,smallsize,bottleneckingCOMMONSCABRATING4VINEVIGOR5Table11.2020RussetPotatoVarietyTrialNFPTandAddedLinesPlanting:5/8/20VineKill:8/26/20Harvest:9/29/20GDD40:3319CWT/APERCENTOFTOTAL1RAWTUBERQUALITY3(%)VINEMATURITY6WAF130272*45051488782651.07000000.54.04.0dark
russetskin,blockytype,attractiveappearanceAF60735*389546712764721.074002003.04.03.0
pinkeyeandprominenteyesAF60867*387506762072441.080700002.03.03.0med
russetskin,oblong,inconsistentshape,eyebrowsCOAF130661*3614887413677131.089010000.03.04.5
flatblockytype,medrussetskin,deepereyesCOAF1101810*333425781377191.077100000.02.52.5
slahAF57071*299467652861471.074100002.03.54.0
flat,oblong,darkrussetskinMEAN335457731965881.08088201.73.43.4
1SIZE2SPECIFICGRAVITY4COMMONSCABRATING5VINEVIGORRATINGRussetsDatanotreplicatedDate:6/18/20Bs:<4ozHH:HollowHeart1.0:PresenceofsurfacelesionsRating15As:410ozVD:VascularDiscoloration1:SlowemergenceOV:>10ozIBS:InternalBrownSpot3.0:Pittedlesionscommonontubers5:Earlyemergence(vigorousvine,someflowering)PO:PickoutsBC:BrownCenter4.0:Pittedlesionssevereontubers5.0:Morethan50%oftubersurfaceareacoveredinpittedlesions6VINEMATURITYRATINGFIELDDATADate:8/18/20PlantingDate5/8/20*DenotesNFPTAddOnvarietyRating15VineKillDate8/26/201:Early(vinescompletelydead)HarvestDate9/29/205:Late(vigorousvines,someflowering)Days(plantingtovinekill)110Days(plantingtoharvest)145GDD40MAWNStationConstantineGDD40(plantingtovinekill)3319SeedSpacing10"3RAWTUBERQUALITY(percentoftubersoutof10)0.0:Completeabsenceofsurfaceorpittedlesions2.0:Pittedlesionsontubers,thoughcoverageislowEvaluating New Potato Vari
eties for Herbicide Sensitivity
-2020
 MPIC 
Research
 Report
 Erin Burns
 Assistant Professor
-Weed Science
 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences
 Michigan State University
 The potat
o research team at MSU is continually striving to introduce new potato varieties that 
have improved agronomic, storability, and processing qualities compared to standard commercial 
varieties. In recent years, varieties like Silverton Russet have b
een introduced to the US commercial 
potato industry with susceptibility to commonly used broadleaf herbicides. In the commercialization 

process, many growers have experienced yield losses, and therefore significant economic loss, which 

results in slow vari
ety adoption or even rejection. Many times the developer of new varieties is not 
aware of all potential weaknesses of a variety and is unable to warn growers of potential management 
concerns like herbicide sensitivities. To protect the commercial potato in
dustry in Michigan from these 
unforeseen impacts, the Michigan State University Weed Science and Potato Outreach Programs 
propose that all potato varieties nearing commercialization be screened for sensitivity to commonly 

used herbicide treatments. 
Therefore,
 obj
ective one of this research was to
 identify varietal sensitivity 
to commercially used herbicides prior to release. The following list of advanced chip and russets 
varieties are nearing commercialization in Michigan: Lady Liberty, Mackinaw, Petoskey, Reveille, and 
Vanguard. These varieties were
 compared to the check varieties Atlantic, Lamoka, Snowden, Russet 
Norkotah, and Russet Silverton. 
 Due to COVID restrictions, the planned field study was converted to a greenhouse study. The 
greenhouse study followed a randomized complet
e block design with three herbicide treatments a
nd 10 
potato varieties
. Herbicides were applied 
usin
g a greenhouse research sprayer when potatoes reached 
12 inches tall
. Herbicide treatments were matrix 
(1 oz/A), 
metribuzin
 (
0.33 lb/A
), and 
matrix plus 
Metribuzin
 t
ank mixed at the above rates. Herbicide injury ratings were taken 7, 14, and 21 days after 
treatment. Tu
bers were separated from plants, counted, and weighed 42 days after 
treatment
. 
To 
access photos from this study visit: 
https://michiganstate
-my.sharepoint.com/:p:/g/personal/burnser5_msu_edu/Efkmz7b3KZJKv4WcVr323hkB3jL1HHaKp51j_i9U
I7otuw?e=PZZUBo
. 
Overall, 
potato varieties varied in their sensitivity to postemergence herbicides. Results from 
this greenhouse study should be validated in the field during 2021 as weather conditions greatly affect 

herbicide metabolism in potatoes. 
The Michigan Potato Industry Commission supported this research.
  Figure 1. 
Mean tuber weight (g) from 2020 greenhouse screen. 
  Figure 2. 
Mean tuber weight (g) from 2020 greenhouse screen. 
  Fi
gure 
3. 
Mean tuber 
count
 from 2020 greenhouse screen.
  Figure 4. 
Mean tuber 
count
 from 2020 greenhouse screen.
     Layering soil residual herbicides for troubleso
me weed control in potatoes
-2020
 MPIC Research 
Report
 Erin Burns
 Assistant Professor
-Weed Science
 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences
 Michigan State University
  Many troublesome weeds (horseweed/marestail, common waterhemp, palmer amaranth
, 
common lambsquarters
, and foxtails)
 in MI are shifting emergence patterns from a single early flush in 
the spring to extended emergence throughout the summer, therefore outlasting pre
-emergence 
residual herbicide activity. Later emerging weeds can not only have yield impacts, but also be a harvest 
nuisanc
e. 
Layering a residual soil
-applied herbicide along with the post
-emergence herbicide pass is one 
way to maintain a barrier to weeds emerging later in the growing season
. Therefore, objective two was
 to evaluate layering different group 14 (examples Tuscany
/Reflex) and 15 (examples Outlook/Dual) 
herbicides at two timings for season long weed control.
 Overall, 
results suggest both group 14 and 15 
herbicides provide residual control and layering dual postemergence will improve season long weed 
control
. 
Data is presented in the table below. The Michigan Potato Industry Commission supported this 
research. 
  


































































































































































































































































Developing Yield Maps in Potatoes Using Thermal Imagery to Understand How In-
Season 
Spatial Variation of Growth Affects Tuber Development and Yield
 (1st Year 
ΠReport)
  Michigan Potato Industry Commission Report 
 Bruno Basso, PhD.
 University Foundation Professor 
Department of Earth & 
Environmental 
Sciences
 Michigan State University
  Rat
ionale 
Historical productivity 
is an 
important component 
of understanding trends of spatial and 
temporal variability throughout the agricultural landscapes of Michigan. 
Visualizing 
this 
productivity 
with yield maps for every crop in the rotation 
reveals 
parts of the field 
where yield 
varies
 or remains 
consistent
. Maestrini and 
Basso (2018) found that 
these spatial trends 
can be 
described through an analysis of th
ese
 historical yields over time. 
These yield stability maps 
(YSM
s) are useful tools for 
the designing of 
site
-specific management
, where resources are more 
eff
iciently
 applied. 
It is
 important to consider how each crop 
in the rotation 
affects 
overall 
productivity and how that impacts the whole 
system.
 The availability of these maps has been 
limited to grain crops (e.g., corn, soybean, wheat) due to the 
applicability
 of 
yield monitors 
within grain combines. However, the importance of 
including 
specialty crops like potatoes 
in 
these analyses is 
valuable 
in discerning potato yield trends over the course of 
more than a single 
growing season. 
Yield mon
itors 
affixed to potato harvesters are rare, however data analyzed by 
the Basso Digital Agronomy Lab 
from the past 
three
 season
s confirms 
their similarity with grain 
monitors. For farms without the 
possibility of yield monitors on their potato harvester, discerning 

these trends can be visualized by using remotely sensed imagery. Satellites, planes, and 

unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) carry cameras and sensors that capture 
the plant™s reflectance 
of sunlight across 
many spectral wavelengths. Using 
known relationships based on 
reflectance, 

plant health is quantified and measured
, revealing the similar patterns found from grain yield 
monitors. 
Reflectance in the thermal band has shown to be of 
particular importance, be
cause 
an 
analysis of a composite of these images reveals a 
major similarity with historical productivity
 as described 
in these YSMs.
  
Objectives
 The primary objective of this proposal was to 
test the ability of remotely sensed imagery 
to 
create maps of yield productivity in potato fields
 using thermal reflectance.
 Thermal stability 
maps 
(TSMs) 
were created
 from fields in rotation with potatoes during the 2020 growing season.  
 
Metho
dology 
Commercial potato fields
 from the 2020 growing season in Montcalm county were used in this 
analysis 
(Table 
1). The 
fields were managed by Main Farms located in Trufant, MI
. Irrigation 
was provided by center pivots throughout the season. 
Specific images taken while the 
irrigator 

was running were removed from the analysis to ensure 
a consistent reflectance of sunlight with 

each image throughout the year. T
o create the thermal stability maps, all 
the image 
raster
 datasets
 are 
normalize
d by using the following equation:
  

 

=(

)  100
  The thermal stability map 
is a composite of these 
images over the growing season 
that separates 
regions of the field into 
four 
categories based on their reflectance of temperature
: Cold + 
stable, 

medium 
+ stable, hot + 
stable, and unstable. 
The
 stable
 cate
gories represent
 consisten
t zones of 
cold, hot, and a middle temperature in between the two. In these cold zones, plants 
reflect lower 
temperatures 
because they have adequate water and transpiration is happening 
at a normal rate. 

The medium temperature zones are contained within th
e small gap 
between the cold and hot 

zones. T
he hot zones are areas where the plants are warmer 
because they do not have an 
adequate supply of water. These plants are running a fifeverfl. 
Finally, the unstable zones are 

where the temperature fluctuates 
more than 
one
 standard deviation 
from the
 mean for that 
particular field. 
Here
, temperatures are cold
er when more water is present and hotter when water 
is not available. These zones are generally found near the field edges, in areas that are less likely 
to receive supplemental irrigation from pivots located closer to the center of the field. 
  Field
 Field Acreage
 Thermal 
Stability Map
 Yield Stability 
Map 
2020 Potato Yield 
Monitor 
E2 76.82 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
 R07
 155.06 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
 R12
 73.37 Yes
 Yes
 Yes
 M6 17.52 Yes
 Yes
 No M7 18.41 Yes
 Yes
 No M8 86.27 Yes
 Yes
 No P18
 110.34 Yes
 Yes
 No  Table 
1. Fields monitored in 2020
, their acreage, and the geospatial data available 
for this project. 
  A total of 10 images were collected throughout the season 
for each field
, however, 2 
image
s were removed 
from the thermal 
stability analysis due to the irrigat
or running while the image 
was taken. Images collected while the water is running
 creates an unfair bias 
in the thermal 
stability map creation.
 Yield stability maps for these 
seven
 fields were created using previous 
historical yield data
. Finally, potato yield monitor data w
ere
 available for 
three
 of the 
seven
 fields. 
  Results
           Figure 1
. Yield stability 5
-7 (left) 
years of grain yield data, thermal stability (
center
), and potato yield data
 (right) for 2020 
growing season
. Initial 
visual 
analysis 
of the fields with yield data 
(E2, R7, R12) shows 
similar trends across each 
field (Figure 1).
 Yield stability maps made from historical grain yield
 data, 
thermal stability 
maps 
in 2020, and 2020 
potato yield monitor data
 are visually correlated
. Spatial patterns
 of 
higher yields (dark blue) 
visible 
in the potato yield monitor
 are associated with
 cold + stable 
zones 
in the thermal stability map. The trends of lower yield (
yellows, reds) 
appear 
in areas of 
hot + stable zones. 
The thermal stability maps
 from the potato
 fields
 (Figure 1, c
enter) are a
n effective indicator of 
yield
 (Figure 1, right)
 given that 
the imagery 
were
 taken over the course of 
the potatoes™ growing season. 
These y
ield stability 
maps 
(Figure 1, left) 
were made from 7, 5, 
and 6 years (fields E2, R7, and R12) of grain yield data and potato yields were not included.  
          Figure 2
. Four fields in 2020 potato production 
where yield 
stability (left) 
and thermal stability 
(right) 
maps were available. 
There w
ere 
no potato yield monitor data for these fields. 
  Fields without yield data (M6, M7, M8, and P18) show very consistent trends between the yield 
and thermal stability map
 (Figure 2)
. Areas of cold + stable predominantly 
remain in 
the same 
locations 
as the 
high + stable zones. 
Likewise, a
reas of lower yielding zones, like medium 
+ and 
low 
+ stable zones 
are found in hot + stable zones. The trends 
recognized
 in 
Figure 1 from the 
fields that 
contained 
yield data 
lead us to surmise that these 
fields had higher potato yields in the 
areas of cold + stable and lower yields in the hot + stable zones.
     Figure 3
. Yield
 analysis of yields at 
one
 potato field (left) and 
frequency 
distribution of thermal and yield stability pixel values in 
the same field
 (right).
 A robust 
analysis of 
yield, 
thermal stability
, and yield stability 
based on pixel values shows how 
these 
components 
are 
linked to one another. In Figure 3 
(left)
, yields in each zone of both yield 
and thermal stability were similar
. As expected, the highest yields were found in the high + 
stable 
yielding zones and the cold + stable thermal zones. T
he hot + stable yields were 
almost 
identical
 to those in 
the unstable yield 
zones and 
likewise
 for 
the
 unstable thermal 
zones and low 
+ stable yield
ing zones. 
The frequency table 
(right)
 shows that 6
6.45% 
of the pixels 
from
 the 
thermal stability map
 were
 found in the high + and medium + stable yielding zones. Conversely, 
the hot + stable pixels made up about 24.90% of the 
therma
l stability map. Most of 
these
 pixels 
were
 found in the 
medium + and low + stable 
yielding zones.  
 
Conclusions
 Understanding trends of spatial variability in every field is 
crucial
 for site
-specific management 
to be effective. In potato 
production, it i
s 
important to note that supplemental irrigation does not 
create 
a spatially equal 
benefit to the plants throughout the season. Some parts of the field remain 

warmer
 and reflect lower yields 
despite
 the impression that they have been irrigated equally. 
Discerning yield trends 
is possible without 
the possession of high-quality yield monitor data in 
potatoes. Thermal remotely sensed imagery has shown to be 
a valuable indicator of 
spatial trends 

in yield variability. 
Further incorporation 
of 
thermal imagery 
will assist farmers in 
recognizing 
the variability within their production and 
can benefit their 
management strategies.
  
References
 Maestrini and Basso. 2018. 
Drivers of within
-field spatial and temporal variability of crop yield 
 across the US Midwest. 
Scientific Reports
, 8 (1), 2045-2322. 





























































































































































































































































































Survey of postharvest disease in Michigan potato storages, 2020 
Emma Schlachter,
 Chris Bloomingdale, Damen Kurzer, Trina Zavislan, 
Ray Hammerschmidt, 
Chris 
Long, 
Jaime F. Willbur; Michigan State University, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial 
Sciences
 Potato
es are stored
 after harvest to
 meet
 year
-round 
market demands
. However postharvest losses 
caused by shrinkage and disease can result in significant economic 
loss. Approximately 22.3 million 
cwt
 (11%) 
was lost in the 
2019/20 
storage season
 between September
 and 
June, with an estimated value of 
$219.4 million 
(USDA
-NASS
 2020). 
This project was performed to quantify disease incidence and 
severity in tubers at harvest and after a commercial storage period
. Information on prevalent diseases 
and their impact on potato tubers postharvest will be used to 
develop management strategies.
 Diseases of 
concern include bacterial soft rot (
Pectobacterium
 spp. and 
Dickeya
 spp.), Fusarium dry rot (
Fusarium
 spp.), leak (
Pythium ultimum
), and late blight (
Phytophthora infestans
). Materials and Methods
 In 2019, approximately 50 tubers were obtained from 12 potato 
fields
 in six
 Michigan counties. At
-harvest assessment was performed October 
to November 2019 (
N = 679 
tubers) 
and post-
storage 
assessment was performed July 
to October 2020 (
N = 676 tubers)
. At
-harvest samples were held at 
39°F 
until processed immediately after harvest (at
-harvest samples). Postharvest samples were placed in the 
Michigan Potato Industry Co
mmission Potato Demonstration Storage Facility 
in standard storage 
conditions 
at 
48°F 
from harvest (September 
to October 2019) until processing (July 
to September 2020
) 
and observed at four time points for disease progression and weight loss. During 
assessment
, tubers 
were 
weighed 
and destructively sampled
. Tubers were cut and examined 
externally and internally for 
abiotic damage 
as well as
 signs and symptoms of disease. Putative pathogens were identified based on 

defining morphological characteristic
s including colony appearance, hyphae, presence of reproductive 
structures, and pigmentation.
  
Results and Conclusions
 At-harvest survey results found symptoms and signs of disease in 95% assessed tubers (
N = 682) with 
blemish diseases including scab (
Stre
ptomyces spp.
), black dot (
Colletotrichum coccodes
), black scurf 
(Rhizoctonia solani
), and silver scurf (
Helminthosporium solani
) most prevalent. Rot diseases including 
bacterial soft rot (
Pectobacterium
 and 
Dickeya spp.
), Fusarium dry rot (
Fusarium 
spp.), and leak 
(Pythium 
spp.) were also present. Putative pathogens were recovered from 84% of 
at-harvest sampled 
tubers and include the following genera: 
Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Pythium, Alternaria, Pectobacterium, 
Dickeya, Colletotrichum, Streptomyces, Geotrichum, Phytophthora
. 
Post-
storage sampling
 identified
 symptoms and signs of disease in 99% assessed tubers (
N = 673). 
Blemish diseases including scab, black dot, black scurf, and silver scurf were detected on 79% of tubers; 
rot diseases were also detected 
including Fusarium dry rot (7%), and leak (
<1%). Putative pathogens 

were recovered from 
90% post-
storage sampled tubers 
(Table 1)
. Correlations between abiotic and biotic damage will be calculated to identify damage that increases 

susceptibility to disease
. At-
harvest and post
-storage data will be analyzed to monitor disease 
development in storage. During 2020-
2021 storage season, the efficacy of Sanidate, a peroxyacetic acid 
based fungicide, wi
ll be investigated in management of Fu
sarium dry rot, 
leak, pink rot, and bacterial 
soft rot
. Newly commercialized and advanced potato chip processing lines 
will be assessed for
 postharvest disease resistance 
to these four diseases as we
ll. 
Acknowledgements: 
We would like to thank the grower cooperators who participated in this survey for 
their continued support in furthering our research. 
Funding is provided
 by the 
Michigan Potato Industry 
Commission, 
MSU Extension, MSU AgBioResearch, 
the Michigan Department of Agriculture and 

Rural De
velopment - 
MPIC
 Specialty Crop Block Grant, and the 
USDA National Institute of Food and 
Agriculture, Hatch project 1020281. 
Table 1.
 Frequencies (%) of pathogens recovered from 2018 and 2019 samples 
Pathogen Genera
 2018
 2019
   At-Harvest
  Post
-Harvest
 Number of tubers
 N = 368
 N = 570
 N = 610
 Fusarium
 29.8
 24,4
 23.0
 Pectobacterium
 24.6
 - - Rhizoctonia
 19.3
 24.0
 25.0
 Pythium
 5.3
 16.7
 15.0
 Phytophthora
 5.3
 - - Geotrichum
 3.5
 - - Colletotrichum
 3.5
 7.2 12.0
 Dickeya
 3.5
 - - Streptomyces
 3.5
 - 1.0
 Alternaria
 1.8
 15.0 24.0
   
Figure 1 (left). 
Relative 
frequencies 
(%) of 
biotic 
damage and physiological 

disorders, biotic signs and 

symptoms of disease
, and 

known pathogenic genera 

isolated from tubers
 during 
at-harvest and
 post
harvest
 destructive sampling
 (N = total number of tubers 

evaluated, or organisms 

isolated)
. Vertical fill lines 

represent observed blemish 

diseases, excluding black 

scurf, in postharvest 

samples.
    Diagnostic optimization of viral detection and characterization for the Michigan seed potato 
certification program, 20
20  
Mio Satoh
-Cruz
1, Stefanie Rhodes
2, Jeff Axford
3, Elizabeth Dorman
2 and Jaime Willbur
1; 1Michigan 
State University, Dept. Plant, Soil and Microbial Science, Potato and Sugar Beet Pathology; 
2Michigan 
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Pesticide and Plant Pest Management Division, Plant 

Pathology
; 3Michigan Seed Potato Association
  Potato virus Y (PVY) is a major concern throughout the US, including the North Central region
, and is
 one of the primary diseases monitored and tested for in the seed certification process. 
Cost
-effective and 
efficient detection of PVY in early generation potato seed lots will help prevent infected material from 
entering the production chain and will prevent unnecessary yield and profit loss.
 Since 2018, Michigan 
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD) and 
MSU 
Potato and Sugar Beet 
Pathology (PSBP) 
have been
 collaborating to increase handling capacity, efficiency and optimizing the 
viral dete
ction and diagnostic protocols used in winter testing. Through this work we
 continue to: 1)
 investigat
e 
improved 
detection options
 to identify accurate, timely, and cost
-effective methods for use in 
the Michigan seed potato certification
 and 2) monitor 
PVY
 strain prevalence in Michigan seed potatoes
. The results of this work will help develop standard protocols for high
-throughput, in
-state tuber testing. 
  Materials & M
ethods:
 Tuber testing methods
, 
which do not require breaking tuber dormancy to sample from resulting sprouts or 
plantlets
, 
were investigated.
 General (Mackenzie et al. 2015) and multiplex (Lorenzen et al. 20
06, 2010
; Chikh
-Ali et al. 2013
) reverse
-transcriptase (RT) high
-fidelity polym
erase chain reaction (PCR) protocols 
were 
compared to existing plantlet assays involving enzyme
-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
. In 
2019, four samples of tubers 
were
 taken from a single seed potato lot with high levels of visual foliar 
symptoms of PVY i
n the field
 (4.9%)
. Samples were divided into 10
-tuber subsamples and subjected to 
the following tests: 1) dormant tuber (RT
-PCR), 2) standard Michigan grow out with leaflets (ELISA), 3) 
dormant tuber (RT
-PCR) and standard grow out (ELISA), and 4) standard
 Hawaii grow out with leaflets 
(ELISA). 
Sensitivity, accuracy, and agreement of the various methods, as well as cost of each test, were 
compared with existing method
s.  
In 2020, 
samples of 400 tubers 
were
 collected
 from 
seed
 lot
s 
with three levels of visual foliar symptoms 
of PVY in the field. 
We investigated
 high (0.9%), medium (0.
23%) and low incidence (
0.01
%) 
lots 
and 
conduct
ed RT-PCR 
tuber testing. All of the tubers 
were tested
 then planted and grown out for 
standard 
leaflet E
LISA
. Subset
s of 
positive samples 
will be
 subject to PVY strain
 confirmation 
by RT
-PCR. 
  
Results & Conclusions:
 In 2019,
 both 
dormant tuber and standard grow out methods identified high levels of PVY (
12.9
-100%) in 
in a visually high
-incidence lot (Table 1). 
In 
treatment
 3, where the tubers and leaflet
 grow out
s of the 
same plants were tested using different methods, 30.1 and 16.4% PVY was detected, respectively
. The 
majority of
 tested samples were positive for PVY
N-
Wi (Figure 1)
. 
Overall, all 
tested methods validate
d 
high
-incidence visual inspection results (4.9%)
 and
 would result in rejection of this lot for certification
.  
 In 2020, more than 90% of tested
 samples
 were positive for
 the PVY strain
 N:Wi
, however, N:O, NTN, 
and O
 strains were also present
 (Figure 1)
. D
ormant tuber
 methods
 validated 
summer and winter
 visual 
inspection result
s 
for the high
-PVY lot 
(Table 2)
. However, 
our methods detected higher levels of PVY in 
the low and medium lots than estimated from the summer field inspections (though more similar to the 
winter visual). This could
 be 
due to 
in-field spread, 
variet
y 
differences, strains 
differences 
(Figure 1), or 
variety by strain interactions
. 
Overall, our results suggest that 
PVY
N-
Wi is the prevalent strain in Michigan, 
and dormant tuber testing is a viable and informative option for our seed certification program.
  Table 1. 
Comparison of ELISA and RT
-PCR 
results
 from a 
seed 
lot assessed at 
4.9% visually
 positive
 for 
PVY
 in the field
. Results are 
based on positive PVY detections (%) using dormant tuber and standard 
leaflet grow out methods
 in 2019
 (N=number of 10
-tuber subsamples tested)
. # Test method
 N ELISA (
%) RT-PCR (
%) 1 Dormant tuber
 32 - 12.9
 2 Leaflet grow out
 14 23.2
 38.9
 3 Dormant tuber 
and
  leaflet grow out
 36 - 16.4
 30.1
 >27.8
a 4 Hawaii leaflet grow out
 Πtested in MI
 53 18.3
 - 5 Hawaii leaflet grow out 
Πtested in HI
 56 15.8
 - a 
All 10
-tuber subsamples tested positive in this sample. Result adjusted to better reflect actual PVY incidence.
   Table 
2. Comparison of ELISA and RT
-PCR results
 from seed lots assessed for high, medium, and low 
incidence based on field inspections.
 Results are b
ased 
on positive PVY detections (%) using dormant 
tuber and standard leaflet grow out methods in 2020
 (N=number of 10
-tuber subsamples tested)
. 
Sample
 Gas 
N 
Visual
  Summer
 (Jun
-Jul)
 Visual
 Winter
 (Jan)
 Dormant Tuber 
RT-PCR
a (Oct
-Nov)
 Leaflet ELISA
 Greenhouse
a (Jan) Leaflet ELISA
 Field 
ΠFlorida
 (Jan)
 High
 - 24 0.90 
 >25
.0 >27.2
b  29.6 
- High
 + 
24 0.90 
>25
.0 >27.2
b  22.4
 - Medium 
+ 
40 0.23 
4.40 
6.70
  5.62
 3.98 
Low 
 + 
40 0.01
 0.45
c 1.61
  1.12
 1.84 
a Dormant tuber RT
-PCR and leaflet ELISA
 greenhouse
 results from the 
same
 10-tuber subsamples.
 b All 10
-tuber subsamples tested positive in this sample. 
Result given for greater than 23 out of 24 subsamples to 
better reflect
 actual 
PVY incidence.
 c Symptoms were very mild in the field and actual PVY incidence was suspected to be higher than 
0.45
%.    Figure 1. 
PVY strains present in seed certification pathology experiments conducted in 2019 and 2020.
       
 
 Evaluation of foliar fungicide
 timing 
to manage 
white mold
 of potato in Michigan, 20
20. 
 Chris 
Bloomingdale
1, J
aime
 Willbur
1, and 
James
 DeDecker
2; 
1Potato and Sugar Beet Pathology Program 
Dept
. Plant, Soil 
and Microbial Science Michigan State 
University
 East Lansing, MI 48824
; 2Upper Peninsula Research & Extension 
Center Michigan State University Chatham, MI 49816
  
Montcalm Research Center (MRC):
 A foliar fungicide 
timing
 trial was established at 
MRC 
in Lakeview, MI
 and 
managed by the Potato and Sugar Beet Pathology program (Bloomingdale and Willbur)
. The trial objective was to 
determine the 
most effective timing of 
fungicide 
applications 
for 
managing white mold
 in potato
. A randomized complete 
block design, 
with four replicates, was used. Potato seed 
were
 cut from 
US#1 ‚Lamoka™ tubers
 and
 allowed to suberize 
before planting. The trial was 
hand
-planted 
12 Jun
. Plot
s 
were four rows wide
 (
34-in. row spacing
) by 20 ft long
 and a 10
-in seed spacing was used
. Standard grower 
practices were 
followed to manage non
-target pests
. Fluazinam
 application
s (8 
fl oz/A)
 w
ere
 made 
30 Jul
 (full bloom) and
 13 Aug
 (14
-d post
-bloom); treatments of full bloom, post
-bloom, and full 
followed by post
-bloom applications were compared to a grower standard contro
l. A CO
2 powered backpack sprayer, 
equipped with two TJ 8004XR flat fan nozzles and operating at a boom pressure of 38 psi, was used to apply fungicides at 
20 gal/A. To control for late blight, w
eekly chlorothalonil applications (1.5 pt/A)
 were
 initiated
 22 Jul and applied 
until 
vine kill 31 Aug
. Apothecia and d
isease data 
were
 collected 
20 Jul and 
13 Aug
. Ten stems were arbitrarily rated from the 
center two rows of plots and assigned a disease se
verity (0
-3). The severity ratings 
were
: 0 = no disease 
to 3 = infection 
girdling mainstem, resulting in wilting and/or death. The ratings were used to calculate a 
percent disease incidence 
(DI) 

and average disease severity of symptomatic plants (DS; 0
-3). 
Disease index
 (
DX) was calculated from the following 
equation: DX = DI x DS/3
. The center two rows of 
plots
 were harvested 2
4 
Sep
, potatoes were washed
 then specific 
gravity and internal defects 
determined.
 Due to a technical failure, tuber size and yield data were lost and were not 
available for these analyses. A general
ized
 linear mixed model procedure was used to
 conduct the ANOVA and mean 

 Mean 
DI 
values 
from the final rating 
ranged
 between
 3
2.5
 and 
43.8
% and 
DX values
 ranged between 1
0.8
 and 17.1%
. There were no differences among mean DI 
(P > 
0.05
) or 
mean DX
 (
P 
> 
0.05)
 values of 
various timings
 (Table 1)
. 
Specific 
gravit
ies
 ranged from 1.080 to 1.0
82 and
 were
 also 
not 
different 
among tested fungicide programs
 (
P 
> 
0.05)
. As a result 
of the low white mold pressure observed in this location, no differences among the fluazinam timings were detected. 

Nutrient management programs to promote canopy and disease 
development, as well as alternate locations with naturally 
elevated levels of white mold pressure, will be considered for future trials.
 Table 1.
 White mold and specific gravity observations in treatments tested in small
-plot research at the Montcalm 
Resea
rch Center in Lakeview, MI in 2020.
 No.
 Treatment, Rate
z, and Timing
y DI (%)
x  DX (%)
 Specific Gravity
 1w Grower standard treated control
 35.0
 12.5
 1.082
 2 Omega 500F (8 fl oz) full bloom
 43.8
 17.1
 1.0
80 3 Omega 500F (8 fl oz) 14
-d post
-bloom
 33.8
 11.3
 1.08
1 4 Omega 500F (8 fl oz) full bloom + 14
-d post
-bloom
 32.5
 10.8
 1.081
 z All rates, unless otherwise specified, are listed as a measure of product per acre
, 
and all tank mixes contained 
MasterLock at a rate of 0.25 % v/v
. 
y Applications were made on the
 follow
ing
 dates: 
full bloom
 = 30 Jul and 14
-d post
-bloom = 13 
Aug.
 x 
Column values followed by the same letter 
were
 
no letter, then the effect 
was
 not si
gnificant.
 w 
Treated control.
   
 
  Dale Johnson Farm, Sagola, MI
: A foliar fungicide timing trial was established on the Dale Johnson Potato Farm in 
Sagola, MI and managed by the grower with guidance from MSU Extension (DeDecker
). The trial objective was to 
determine the most effective timing of fungicide applications for managing white mold in potato. A completely 
randomized 
design
 with three replicates was used. A commercial potato field with a history of white mold was selecte
d for the trial and planted to 
the variety Silverton using standard grower practices
. Plots
 were 
36 rows wide (34
-in. row 
spacing)
, 
running the length of the field, to accommodate the grower™s 
self
-propelled 
sprayer
. Standard grower 
practices 
were followed
 to manage non
-target pests. 
A John Deere R4038
 sprayer, equipped with 
air
-induction
 flat fan nozzles, w
as used to apply fungicides at 4
0 gal/A. 
To control for late blight, weekly chlorothalonil applications (Bravo Ultrex at 1.25 
lbs/A)
 were
 made until vin
e kill
.  Fluazinam
 applications
 (8 fl oz/A)
 were made 
20 Jul (full bloom) and 3 Aug (14
-d post
-bloom)
 as a tank mix with chlorothalonil.  Treatments of full bloom and 14
-d post
-bloom
 were compared to the
 grower
™s 
standard treated 
control
 (chlorothalonil only)
. Apothecia and disease data were collected 
20 Jul and 27 Aug, respectively
. No apothecia were observed at the full bloom timing.  
Fifty stems were 
later 
rated (5 subsamples of 10 stems each) from 

the center twelve rows of each plot and assigned a disease severity (0
-3). The severity ratings were: 0 = no disease to 3 = 
infection girdling mainstem, resulting in wilting and/or death. The ratings were used to calculate a percent disease 

incidence (DI) and average disease severity of sympt
omatic plants (DS; 0
-3). Disease index (DX) was calculated from the 
following equation: DX = DI x DS/3. 
A generalized linear mixed model procedure was used to
 conduct the ANOVA and 

 DI 
values 
from the final rating 
ranged between
 3
0.0
 and 
72.0
% and DX values ranged between 1
2.7
 and 
38.7
%. There 
were significant
 differences among mean DI (
P 
= 0.0006
) and
 mean DX 
(P 
= 0.01
) values of the treatments (Table 2
).  These results suggest that later fungicide applications may be helpful in 
managing potato white mold, particularly in 
longer flowering varieties.  Possible confounding factors in this study included a) that our full bloom application was 
slightly early (1
-2 days), and b) a
 wind event 
that 
removed many blossoms between the full bloom and post bloom 
applications
. 
Table 2
. White mold observations in treatments tested 
on-farm 
in Sagola
, MI in 2020.
 No.
 Treatment, Rate
z, and Timing
y DI (%)
x  DX (%)
 1w Grower standard 
treated control
 72.0 a 38.7 a
 2 Omega 500F (8 fl oz) full 
bloom
 50.0 b
 25.1 b
 3 Omega 500F (8 fl oz) 14
-d post
-bloom
 30.0 c
 12.7 c
 z All rates, unless otherwise specified, are listed as a measure of product per acre
, 
and all tank mixes contained 
MasterLock at a rate of 0.25 % v/v
. 
y Applications were made on 
the
 following dates: full bloom 
= 20 
Jul and 14
-d post
-bloom = 
3 Aug.
 x Column values followed by the same letter 
were
 not significantly different based on 
Student
ŒNewman
ŒKeuls multiple 
comparisons test
 
was not significant.
 w 
Treated control.
   2019
-20
20
 MICHIGAN
 POTATO
 DEMONSTRATION STORAGE ANNUAL REPORT
 MICHIGAN POTATO INDUSTRY COMMISSION
  Chris Long, Coordinator, Trina Zavislan, and 
Damen Kurzer
  Introduction and Acknowledgements
  Round white potato production for chip processing continues to lead the potato market in 
Michigan. Michigan growers continually look for promising new round white varieties that 

meet necessary production and processing criteria. There are many variety trials underway in 

Michigan that are evaluating chipping varieties for yield, solids, disease resistance, desired 

tuber size profile and chipping quality with the hope of exhibiting the positive attributes of 
these lines to growers and processors. Extended sto
rage chip quality and storability are of high 
importance in round white potato production. Therefore, any new chip processing varieties with 
commercialization potential will have storage profiles developed. Examining new varieties for 

long-
term storage and
 processing quality keeps the Michigan chip industry at the leading edge 
of the snack food industry. The information in this report 
allows the 
industry to make informed 

decisions about the value of adopting these varieties into commercial production.   

 The Michigan Potato Industry Commission (MPIC) Potato Demonstration Storage Facility 
currently consists of two structures. The first building, the Dr. B. F. (Burt) Cargill Building, 
constructed in 1999, allows the Michigan potato industry to generate storage 
and chip quality 

data on newly identified chip processing clones. This information helps to establish the 

commercial potential of new varieties. This demonstration storage facility utilizes six, 550 cwt. 

bulk bins (bins 1-6) that have independent ventilation systems. The Ben Kudwa Building, built 

in 2008, has three independently ventilated, 600 cwt. bulk bins. The first of these bulk bins, bin 

7, was converted to box bin storage that holds 36, 10 cwt. box bins to provide storage profiles 

on early generatio
n potato varieties. The box bin is an entry point into storage profiling that 
allows the industry to learn about a varieties™ physical and chemical storability before 

advancing to the bulk bin level. A variety is evaluated for 4-6 years before entering box bin 

testing. In the variety development process, little information has been collected about a 

varieties™ physical storability or chemical storage profile prior to being included in the box bin 

trial. A storage profile consists of bi
-weekly sampling of potatoes to obtain: sucrose and 
glucose levels, chip color and defect values. In addition, we evaluate each variety for weight 
loss or shrinkage and pressure bruise. With this information, we can create the storage profile 

of a variety, providing the industr
y with a clearer picture of where a line can or cannot be 
utilized in the snack food industry. The Michigan potato industry hopes to use these storage 

profiles to improve in areas such as long-term storage quality, deliverability of product and, 

ultimately
, sustained market share.   
 
The two remaining 600 cwt. bulk bins in the second structure are 
used to evaluate
 the 
post
-harvest
 physiology of potatoes. 
The facility can be used to evaluate 
stor
age pathology or sprout 
inhibitor products. 
The Michigan indust
ry recognizes the importance of 
controlling
 disease and 
sprout developmen
t in storage and is committed to
 doing research in these areas.  
  
This sixteenth annual Demonstration Storage Report contains the results of the storage work 

conducted in th
e facilit
y during the 2019-2020 
storage season. Section I, fi20
19-2020 
New Chip 
Processing Variety Box Bin Reportfl, contains the results and highlights from our 
10 cwt.
 box 
bin study. Section II, fi2019-2020 Bulk Bin (500 cwt. bin) Reportfl, shows bulk bin results, 

including information from commercial processors regarding these new varieties. 
  The storage facility, and the work done within it, is directed by the MPIC Storage and Handling 

Committee and Michigan State University (MSU) faculty. 
The funding and 
financial support 

for this facility
, and the research conducted within it, is largely derived from the MPIC. The 
committee occasionally receives support for a given project from private and/or public 

interests.  
  
We wish to acknowledge all the support and 
investment we receive to operate and conduct 
storage research. First, we express our gratitude for the partnership we enjoy between the MPIC 

and Michigan State University. Thank you to the MPIC Storage & Handling Committee for 

their investment of time, gu
iding the decisions and direction of the facility. 
Brian Sackett, 
Sackett 
Potatoes
; Todd Young, and Chase Young, Sandyland Farms; 
Jeff
 Thorlund, Thorlund 
Brothers Farm; 
and Karl Ritchie and Brice Stine of Walther Farms for provided the material to 

fill the
 bulk bins this year; and without their willingness to be involved, we could not have 
accomplished our objectives. Equal in importance are the processors who invested in this 

research. They are Mitch Keeney, Jim Fitzgerald and Jack Corriere of UTZ Quality 
Foods, Inc., 
Hanover, PA; 
Gene Herr and E
llis Cole of Herr Foods, and Al Lee and Phil Gusmano of Better 
Made Snack Foods, Detroit, MI. It has been a great pleasure to work with all of you. Special 
thanks to 
Butch Riley (Gun Valley Ag. & Industrial Services
, Inc.) 
for his annual investment in 
the sprout treatment of the storage facility. We would also like to acknowledge a long list of 

additional contributors who invested much time to help foster a quality storage program: Dr. 

Dave Douches and the MSU Potato
 Breeding and Genetics Program, Todd Forbush (Techmark, 
Inc),  Mathew Klein (Farm Manager, MSU Montcalm Research Center), and Tim and Matt 

Wilkes (Potato Services of Michigan). All played a role in making this facility useful to the 

Michigan potato industr
y.  
 Overview of the 201
9 
Production Season
  
The overall 6
-month average maximum and minimum temperatures during the 2019 growing 

season in central Michigan 
approximately average compared to the 15-
year average 
temperatures
 (Table 1). Temperatures were slightly 
cooler than average 
between 
April
 and 
June, and slightly 
warmer than average in 
July. Extreme heat events 
were 
also average in 2019 
(Table 2), with 
5 hours over 2 days exceeding 90
oF during the entire summer
, lower than it has 
been in the past three years
. High nighttime temperatures (over 70
oF) were 
also average with 
105 hours over 20 days.
  
Rainfall for A
pri
l through
 September was 
22.07 inches, 4.47 
inches 
above the  
15-year average (Table 3
). 
May and September were 
rainier than average, each month had 
more than two inches additional rainfall than the 15-
year average
. The remaining months had 
more typical precipitation in line with the 15
-year averages. 
    Table 1. The 15-
year summary
 of average maximum and minimum t
emperatures (
F) during the growing season 
at the Montcalm Research Center.*
    Table 2
. Six
-year
 heat stress summary (from May 1
st ΠSept. 30
th)*  HoursDaysHoursDays
201400
5815
201500
11431
201610
314731
201714
38018
201812
412331
201952
10520
Average
72
10524
Year
Temperatures > 90
oF Night (10pm-8am) 
Temperatures > 70
oF   Year
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
20056236654182608258815877517551
20066236614678548361805868487251
20075333734782548156805876507450
20086137674077568058805473507349
20095634674576547553765674497149
20106438704977578362826169507453
20115334684877568562795870487251
20125834734884539062825574467750
20135133734877558158805478487349
20145533684578577754795672477249
20155834714876548056775777547351
20165332704578538259856078547451
20176139674478558158775477507450
20185533814684588864846376527453
20195535654575548469805573547252
15-Y
ear
Average5735694679558259805774507350
6-Month
Average
April
May
June
July
August
September
Table 3
. The 
15-year summary of precipitation (inches per month) recorded during the 
growing season at the Montcalm 
Research Center.
*  YearAprilMay
June
July
August
September
Total
20050.691.393.573.651.85
3.9015.05
20062.734.452.185.552.253.1520.31
20072.641.601.582.432.341.1811.77

20081.591.692.953.073.035.0317.36

20093.942.152.432.074.741.4916.82

20101.593.683.212.142.631.8815.13

20113.423.082.381.632.571.8414.92

20122.350.980.993.633.310.7612.02

20137.984.522.261.354.061.3321.50

20144.245.513.253.711.782.3520.84

20153.712.954.791.722.42
3.9
19.49
20162.252.771.333.425.353.0518.17

20174.451.986.370.921.36
0.7
15.78
20182.045.513.641.197.732.6522.76
20192.645.462.902.043.315.7222.07
15-Year
Average
3.083.182.922.573.252.6017.60
 *Weather data collected at the MSU, Montcalm Research Center, Entrican, MI.
   I. 201
9-
2020
 New Chip Processing Variety Box Bin Report
 (Chris Long, Trina Zavislan, 
Damen Kurzer
, an
d Brian Sackett)
  Introduction
  This project evaluated
 new chip processing varieties from national and private breeding 
progr
ams for processing quality after storage conditions. We evaluated a
 variety™s response to 
pile temperature, as reflected in sucrose and
 glucose levels, as well as weight loss and pressu
re bruise susceptibility.
 Bin 
7 contains 
36 10 cwt. boxes. We organized the 36 boxes in to six 
stacks of six
. The box design allows 
air to travel in from a header
, or plenum 
wall
, through the 
forklift holes
 of each box and up through the potatoes within it. The air continues to flow up 
through the next box 
until it
 reaches the top and is drawn off the top of the chamber. The air is 
then reconditioned and forced back through the header wall 
plenums a
nd up through the boxes 
again. 
Eac
h box contains a sample door 
facing the center aisle from wh
ich 
we 
sampled
 tubers 
for bi-
weekly
 or monthly quality evaluations.   
 Procedure
  In 2019, we evaluated and compared 32 
new varieties to the check varieties 
Lamoka, Manistee, 

and Snowden. Once the varieties were chosen, 1 cwt. of 
most varieties were
 planted in a single 
34-inch wide row
. Some varieties were planted on one half of the row for monthly sampling
. Planting occurred
 on May 8
th at the MSU, Montcalm Research Center, Entrican, MI. We
 planted the varieties at a 10fl in
-row seed spacing. All varieties received fertilizer in the rates 
of: 273 lb. N/A, 98 lb P
2O5/A and 261 lb K
2O/A.
 The vari
eties were vine killed after 1
24 days 
and allowed to set skins for 21 days before harvest on September 3
rd, 2019; which was 1
45 days after planting. We did not account for variety maturity in harvest timing due to storage 

and handling restrictions.  
 
 
We placed approximately 10 cwt. of each variety in a box bin and stacked the boxes in bin 7.  

For varieties sampled monthly, approximately eight trays of tubers were stacked on top of the 

box bins. The average storage temperature for all the box bins (box bin 7) was 54.0ºF 
for the 
2019-2020 
season. At harvest, we collected nine, 20 lb. samples from each 
full row variety for 
weight loss and pressure bruise evaluation. We describe the varieties, their pedigree and scab 

ratings in Table 4. We also recorded yield, size distribution, chip quality
, and specific gravity at 
harvest
 in Table 
5.  We graded
 the varieties to
 remove all
 fiBfl size tube
rs
 and pick-outs, 
ensuri
ng the 
tubers 
bega
n storage i
n good physical 
condition.   
The storag
e season began
 September 
30th, 2019 and ended June 1
st, 2020. Bin 7 was gassed
 with
 CIPC on N
ovember 
5th and January 30
th. We began variety evaluations on September 
30th, followed by a 
bi-weekly
 or monthly sampling schedule 
until 
early June
. We 
randoml
y selected 
for
ty tubers from 
each box every two weeks 
and sent 
them 
to Techmark, 
Inc. for sucrose, 
glucose, chip color 
and defect 
evaluation. We 
also evaluated 
pressure 
bruising by placing nine 
pressure sample bags for
 each variety
 in one of
 the bulk
 bin
s at the storage facility.
 We placed
 three 
bags 
at each of 
3™, 8™ and 14™ from the pile floor. Whe
n that 
bin was unloaded, we 
weighed
 the sample bags
 and calculated
 percent
 weight
 loss.
 We evaluated
 a 25-tuber 
sample
 from
 each of the nine bags for
 the presence or
 absence of
 pre
ssure bruise.
 We recorded
 the 
number 
of tubers 
and severity of 
bruise. All 
pressure 
bruises were 
evaluated for 
discoloration.  
 This 
report 
is not an archive 
of all the 
data 
that 
we generated for 
the box bin trial, but rather a 
summary
 of the data
 from the most prom
ising
 lines.
 The purpose
 of this repor
t is to present
 a summary
 of information
 from the best performing
 lines from t
his
 trial tha
t will be
 moved
 along the comm
ercialization
 process.
 If
 more detai
led
 information
 is desired,
 please contact
 Chris 
Long at Michigan State University in the Department of Plant,
 Soil and Microbial Sciences for assistance at (517) 35-0277 or longch@msu.edu. Additional data is available on the program 
website, canr.msu.edu/potatooutreach. 
Table 4. 201
9-
20 MPIC Demonstration 
Chip 
Box Bin Variety 
Descriptions
  Entry
 Pedigree
 2019 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 Lamoka 
(NY139) 
NY120 X NY115 
2.0 Below average yield, 
smaller size 
profile, average specific gravity, good 
internal quality, common scab 
susceptible, mid
-season maturity.
 Manistee
 (MSL292
-A) Snowden X 
MSH098-2 
3.5 Lower yield, misshapen pickouts,
 long 
storage potential, uniform, flat round 
tuber type, heavy netted skin
 Snowden 
(W855) 
B5141-
6 X Wischip
 3.5 Earlier vine maturity, moderate vascular 
discoloration,
 reconditions well in 
storage, 
common scab susceptible.
 CO10076-4W 
CO03243-
3W X 
CO02024-9W 
1.8 High yield potential, lower specific 
gravity, flaky skin, some pitted scab 
lesions observed in 2019.
 Hodag 
(W5955-1) 
Pike X Dakota Pearl
 1.5 Above average yield, average specific 
gravity, earlier vine 
maturity, marginal 
off the farm chip color.
 Lady Liberty 
(Niagara
, NY152) 
B38
-14 X Marcy
 1.3 High yield potential, medium specific 
gravity, moderate resistance to common 
scab, 
earlier vine maturity.
 Mackinaw 
(MSX540-4) 
Saginaw Chipper X 
Lamoka 
2.0 Medium
/high yield potential, common 
scab, late blight and PVY resistant, high 
specific gravity, 
slight internal brown 
spot.
 Manistee SEL
 (MSL292
-A) Snowden X 
MSH098-2 
3.5 A hill selection of Manistee, similar 
agronomic and processing traits. 
MSAA275
-3** 
Snowden X 
MSS297
-3 
2.0 Slightly flattened tuber type, average 
yield, high proportion A-
sized tubers, 
earlier vine maturity.
 MSAA498
-18 
MSV092-2 X Elkton 
0.5 Good chip color and minimal stem end 
defect, earlier vine maturity and smaller 
vine type, less com
mon scab 
susceptibility. 
 MSBB008
-3** 
Atlantic x 
 MSR127-2 
1.0 Smaller size profile and lower yield, very 
early vine maturity, average specific 
gravity.
 MSBB058
-1** 
NY148 X 
 MSR127-2 
1.5 Very high specific gravity, earlier vine 
maturity, below 
average yield.
 MSBB058
-4** 
NY148 X 
 MSR127-2 
2.0 Above average yield, common scab 
susceptible, marginal appearance, 
smaller vine type.
 MSBB060
-1 
MSW242-
1 X 
MSS297
-3 
1.3 Average yield, attractive tuber shape, 
smaller vine type, slight vascular 
discolorati
on.
 MSBB131
-1** 
MSW242-
1 X 
MSS297
-3 
2.0 Bright skin with an attractive appearance 
and cream flesh, very early vine 
maturity, common scab susceptible.
 MSBB625
-2** 
SMSW242
-1 X 
MSS297
-3 
0.7 Above average yield and specific 
gravity, moderate internal brown spot, 
round type, netted skin, slight silver 
scurf.
 MSBB626
-11** 
Saginaw Chipper x 
Kalkaska
 1.5 High yield potential and high total yield, 
misshapen pickouts with deep apical 
ends, earlier vine maturity.
 MSW044-1 
Kalkaska X Lamoka
 0.7 Bright skin, 
attractive round tuber 
profile, high specific gravity, common 
scab tolerant
 MSW075-2 
MSK061-
4 X 
Nicolet
 1.5 Below average yield, smaller size 
profile, round type with thin skin and a 
bright appearance.
 MSX472-2 
MSQ070-
1 X 
MSP292
-7 
0.7 Smaller size 
profile, tubers have thin 
skin and a round shape, good chip 
quality with minimal stem end defect.
 MSZ020
-10 
Kalkaska X 
MSM246-B 
2.0 Oval tuber type with slightly flattened 
shape, higher proportion of pickouts, 
good internal quality.
 MSZ052
-14** 
Pike X MS
R127-2 
1.0 Moderate alligator hide, marginal chip 
quality with higher stem end defect 
score, smaller size profile.
 MSZ120
-4 
Kalkaska X 
MSQ086-3 
1.8 High yield
 and specific gravity
, sticky 
stolons, variable size profile, good chip 
color and 
quality.
 MSZ200
-3** 
MSZ070
-1 X 
Lamoka 
2.0 Lower specific gravity, average yield, 
common scab susceptible, marginal 
appearance.
 MSZ219
-13 
Saginaw Chipper X 
MSR127-2 
0.0 Larger tuber type, darker netted skin, 
round shape, no common scab observed, 
average yield and specific gravity.
 MSZ219
-14 
Saginaw Chipper X 
MSR127-2 
1.5 Bright appearance, uniform round tuber 
type, marginal chip color with lower 
stem end defect.
 ND7519-1 
ND3828-15 X 
W1353 
2.0 Common scab susceptible, earlier vine 
maturity, small
er size profile and lower 
yield, average specific gravity.
 NY162
 (K31
-4) 
 NYE106
-2 X NYE48
-2 
1.5 Very early vine maturity, good internal 
quality, below average yield, average 
specific gravity.
 NY163
 (NYL7
-2) 
E50
-8 X E48-2 
1.0 Oval tuber shape with some pointed 
tubers, lower yield and smaller size 
profile.
 NY165
 (M8
-5) 
NY148 X NYF48
-4 
0.5 Uniform round tubers with attractive 
appearance, average yield
, higher stem 
end defect.
 NY166
 (N16
-11) 
NY140 X NYE48
-2 
1.8 Lower US#1 
yield but higher total yield, 
flattened round tuber type, flaking skin. 
NYP111
-9 
NY148 X NYF48
-4 
0.5 Smaller size profile, buff skin, very high 
specific gravity, lower stem end defect.
 NY169  
(NYP14
-1) 
Snowden X E48-2 
2.0 Very low yield, high 
specific gravity, 
even split of A and B-sized tubers, very 
early maturity.
 Petoskey 
(MSV030-4) 
Beacon Chipper X 
MSG227-2 
0.0 Very high specific gravity, good internal 
quality, moderate alligator hide, full 
season maturity, no common scab 
observed.
 Winter
set 
(CO02321-4W) 
NY115 X BC0894-
2W 
3.5 Below average yield, common scab 
susceptible, earlier vine maturity, smaller 
size profile.
  *Scab rating based on 0-
5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common 
scab data and qualitative 
descriptions provided by Potato Outreach Program (P.O.P.), MSU 
Potato Breeding and Genetics Program and other potato breeding programs. 
 **Indicated variety sampled monthly, not bi-
weekly. These varieties were stored in trays 
on top of box bins. 
   LINEUS#1TOTALUS#1BsAsOVPO
SPGR2OTFCHIPSCORE3HHVDIBSBC
COMMONSCABRATING5SEDSCORE6VINEVIGOR7VINEMATURITY8COMMENTSMSZ1204394498791579061.0901.5020001.80.22.53.5
stickystolons,variablesizeMSBB626113925307415740111.0902.0030001.50.93.02.0
deepapicalends,misshapenposMSBB6252368482762276021.0952.00502000.70.73.03.0
slsilverscurf,roundshape,nettedskinCO100764W3584967214720141.0741.50201001.80.31.53.0
pittedscablesions,flakyskinMSBB0584352453781978031.0852.0020002.00.62.02.5
poorappearanceLadyLiberty(Niagara)350490722272061.0852.0050001.30.23.02.5
deepapicalends,blockiertypeMackinaw3285426124610151.0931.50401002.00.32.52.5
Hodag326436751975061.0842.5020001.50.33.02.5
MSZ2003323405801980011.0772.010400202.00.62.53.0
stickystolons,marginalMSAA2753322379851185041.0802.0040002.01.52.52.0
slightlyflattenedtubertypeMSBB0601317387827784111.0801.5040001.30.52.02.5
niceshapeMSZ21913283330863842111.0851.5020000.00.52.03.0
round,larger,darkernettedskinNY165283431662866061.0802.0010000.50.92.53.0
round,uniform,niceMSBB1311283357
791379081.0801.5040002.00.73.01.5
brightskin,niceappearance,creamfleshNYP1119282439642764091.1001.50301000.50.23.03.0
smallersizeprofile,buffskinNY1662634915435540111.0811.5020001.80.12.52.0
flattenedroundtubertype,flakyskinNY1622634056520650151.0871.5010001.50.42.01.5
MSBB0581260368712171081.0981.5020001.50.63.01.5
MSAA49818250306821482041.0801.5020000.50.12.02.0
MSZ05214245362672667071.0851.5020001.01.13.02.5
alligatorhideMSZ020102323476719670141.0872.0010002.00.21.03.5
oval,slightlyflattenedtypeMSW0752228385593459071.0811.5050001.50.22.53.0
round,bright,thinskinMSBB0083218301732473031.0812.0040001.00.33.01.0
MSZ21914209313672967041.0842.5040001.50.23.53.0brighter
appearance,uniformroundtubertypeMSW0441206380543754091.0882.000000.70.33.52.5
ND75191204329623562031.0821.500002.00.23.02.0
Petoskey(MSV0304)203274742274041.0961.500000.00.32.53.5
lotsofalligatorhideMSX4722200381524252061.0771.5030000.70.13.02.5
round,smaller,thinskinNY16319134056
33560111.0861.5040001.00.52.52.0
oval,somepearshapes,misshapenPosManisteeSEL1903705137510121.0782.0030003.50.33.01.0
lostofpittedscablesionsSnowden187359524452041.0761.5070003.50.43.01.5
slgrowthcrack,variableskincolorManistee1803155731570121.0802.0010003.50.43.01.0
deepapicalends,misshapenposWinterset174341514551041.0862.0020003.50.33.01.0
Lamoka170285603460061.0862.000002.00.33.53.0
NY169(NYP141)156316495049011.0901.0010002.00.13.01.0
MEAN263389672567071.0851.7026111.60.42.72.3
1SIZE2SPECIFICGRAVITY5COMMONSCABRATING6SED(STEMENDDEFECT)SCOREBs:<17/8"Datanotreplicated(percentoftubersoutof10)0.0:Completeabsenceofsurfaceorpittedlesions0:NostemenddefectAs:17/8"31/4"Ratings:15HH:HollowHeart1.0:Presenceofsurfacelesions1:TracestemenddefectOV:>31/4"1:ExcellentVD:VascularDiscoloration2.0:Pittedlesionsontubers,thoughcoverageislow2:SlightstemenddefectPO:Pickouts5:PoorIBS:InternalBrownSpot3.0:Pittedlesionscommonontubers3:ModeratestemenddefectBC:BrownCenter4.0:Pittedlesionssevereontubers4:Severestemenddefect5.0:Morethan50%oftubersurfaceareacoveredinpittedlesions5:Extremestemenddefect7VINEVIGORRATING8VINEMATURITYRATINGFIELDDATADate:6/17/19Date:9/3/19Plantingdate5/8/19Rating15Rating15VineKillDate9/9/191:Slowemergence1:Early(vinescompletelydead)HarvestDate9/30/19Days(plantingtovinekill)124
Days(plantingtoharvest)145GDD40MAWNStationEntricanGDD40(plantingtovinekill)3133SeedSpacing10"Table5:2019StorageChipProcessingPotatoVarietyTrialMontcalmResearchCenterChipBoxBinPlanting:5/8/19VineKill:9/9/19Harvest:9/30/19GDD40:3133CWT/APERCENTOFTOTAL1RAWTUBERQUALITY4(%)4RAWTUBERQUALITY5:Earlyemergence(vigorousvines,someflowering)5:Late(vigorousvines,someflowering)3OUTOFTHEFIELDCHIPCOLORSCORE(SNACScale)Results
:  2019-
2020
 Chip Processing Box Bin Highlights
  MSZ120
-4 
 This Michigan State University variety has been evaluated in the Box Bin since 2018
. At 

harvest, the specific gravity was 1.0
90, above 
the trial
 average of 1.085. The US#1 yield 
was 3
94 cwt/A
, the highest yield in 
the trial (Table 5
A). Only one pre-
harvest sample was 
taken on September 3
rd, where glucose was 0.002 and sucrose was 2.322.  This variety 
exhibited 
full season maturity, average common scab incidence, and a higher percentage of 

US#1 tubers. It had excellent out of the field chip quality, with a 1.5 
chip score
 and less 
stem end defect than the trial average
. Sucrose concentrations were highest on the 10/21/19 
sample 
date and
 decreased until late January. Concentrations then generally in
creased until 
the last sample on 6/1/20, reaching a high of 1.131 (X10). Glucose concentrations were 

more stable, also high on the 10/21/19 sample, but again rising to 0.007% in late February. 

The last two samples had increasing glucose concentrations, with the last sample at 

0.005%. There was only one incidence of internal color during storage, 1.5% on 2/24/20. 

Internal color was also very good, with only two samples displaying this defect, both at 6% 

or lower. There were two samples with total defects abo
ve 10%, 2/24/20 and 5/18/20, 
14.3% and 16.4%, respectively. Chip defects noted by Techmark, Inc. include bruising 

observed 
in six samples, and 
stem end color in two samples. This variety maintains good 

chip quality through early June and continues to demonstrate long term storage potential in 

Michigan. It is being further evaluated in the 2020-2021 Box Bin trial. 
    Figure 1. 
MSZ120
-4 
chip samples at the
 first processing date (10/1/19) and last processing 
date (6/1/20). 
  MSBB058
-4 
 This MSU variety entered the Box Bin trial in 2019. It had an above average yield 

potential of 352 cwt/A US#1 tubers, the fifth highest in the Box Bin trial. It had an average 

specific gravity of 1.085, but a higher than average off the farm chip color of 2.0 with 

slightly higher than average stem end defect. 
MSBB058
-4 was slightly chemically 
immature at harvest with stable glucose and slightly increasing sucrose between 8/21/19 

and 9/3/19. During initial bin cooling and loading the sucrose concentration began to 

decrease, reaching its lowest concentration on 2/10/20 at 0.288 (X10). Conversely, the 

highest glucose rating was 0.018% on 1/13/20, reflecting sucrose conversion. Sucrose 

concentrations rose after the 2/10/20 sample, reaching a high of 1.378 (X10) 
at the last 

sample date. Glucose concentration rose slightly during this time but remained more 

stable. Undesirable color was generally low during storage, excluding the 5/4/20 sample 

with 9.1%. Internal color was also low but increased from the April samp
les to the end of 
storage. Total defects were also highest during this time, with the final two samples having 

total defects of 28.9% and 29.4%, respectively. Defects observed by Techmark, Inc. 

include bruising and dark chips. Chip quality was best from Oc
tober to April but decreased 
in May and June. This 
variety will 
be 
further evaluated in the 2020-2021 Box Bin trial with 

bi-weekly, instead of monthly samples, as it demonstrates long-
term storage potential with 
minimal chip defects until April.
  
   Figu
re 2. 
MSBB058
-4 chip quality on last 
acceptable sample date, 
4/6/20 
(left) and last 
storage sample, 6/
1/20
 (right)
.  
NY16
6 
 This 
Cornell University 
variety
 was first evaluated
 by the Potato Outreach Program 
in 
2019. It had 
an average
 US#1 and 
higher than a
verage 
total yield in the 201
9 Box B
in trial. 
The US#1 yield was 263 
cwt/A
, at the trial average,
 and total yield was 491 
cwt/A, 
compared to the trial average of 
389 cwt/
A. This is reflected in the higher percentage of B
-sized tubers, 35% compared to the trial average of 25%. It had a slightly below average 

specific gravity of 1.081, and an off the farm chip score of 1.5 with minimal stem end 

defect. Only one pre-
harvest sa
mple was conducted on 9/3/19, with 0.001% glucose and a 
sucrose rating of 0.647 (X10). Sucrose concentrations remained high during initial bin 

cooling, only beginning to lower in the 1/13/20 sample. Concentrations remained relatively 

stable, increasing to 0.608 (X10) at the last sample in early June. Glucose concentrations 

remained between 0.001% and 0.003% during storage. There was no undesirable color 

during the storage season, and one incidence of internal color, 3.1% on 1/27/20. This was 

the sample with
 the highest total defects, 12.8%. The second to last sample on 5/18/20 also 
had higher than average total defects of 11.1%. Bruised tubers were noted in six sample 

reports during storage. Chip quality was excellent and continuous from the first sample to 

bin unloading on 6/1/20. NY166 will be further evaluated as it continues to display 

excellent chip quality and may have storage potential below 54º
F. 
 
 
 
     Figure 3. 
NY16
6 chip quality on the last two sample dates, 5/18/20 (left) and 6/1/20 
(right)
 NY165
  NY165 is also a Cornell selection that was first evaluated in 2019. This variety had a 
slightly higher than average US#1 yield, 283 cwt/A. It had a lower than average 
specific 

gravity of 1.080, and an off the farm chip score of 2.0. At harvest, it displayed good 

internal quality, round uniform tubers, and an attractive appearance. NY165 was slightly 

chemically immature at harvest, based on the pre-
harvest samples taken
 on 8/21/19 and 
9/3/19. Between the two sample dates, glucose remained stable at 0.002%, but sucrose 

increased from 0.409 to 0.477 (X10). Sucrose was even higher, 0.512 (X10) on the first 

sample date, and decreased to a low of 0.464 on 12/19/19. After this 
date it rose 

consistently, reaching a high of 1.591 on the last sample date of 6/1/20. 
Glucose 

concentrations followed a similar trend of decreasing through December, and then 

gradually increasing into June. However, the glucose concentration range was na
rrower, 
between 0.001% and 0.004% in all samples. 
Undesirable color was low during storage, 

with only three instances, all below 9%. Internal color defects were concentrated at the end 

of the season, with the last two samples displaying 10.3% and 13.6% of 
this defect. Total 

defects were variable during storage, with higher percentages on 10/21/19 and all samples 
after 4/20/20. Bruises were observed in all but three chip samples. 
This is especially 
apparent in the last three chip images, taken 
between 4/20/20 and 6/1/20. The last 

acceptable chip sample was taken 4/6/20. NY165 will be further evaluated in the Box Bin 

trial in 2020 to 2021.  

    Figure 4. 
NY165
 chip quality on last acceptable sample date, 
4/6/20 
(left) and last storage 
sample, 
6/1/20 
(right).
  Snowden
  
 This 
variety 
was
 included as a 
commercial standard 
for the
 201
9-20120 Box Bin t
rial. It 
had a lower yield than the trial average, not typical for Snowden, which generally has an 

average to above average yield potential. It had a very early vine maturity and lower than 

average specific gravity of 1.076 in 2019. Off the farm chip quality was good with a chip 

score of 1.5 and an average stem end defect rating. Snowden was chemically mature at 

harvest, with a slightly decreasing glucose concentration and a decreasing sucrose 

concentration, from 0.725 (X10) to 0.563 (X10). In storage, sucrose co
ncentrations 

followed a U
-shaped trend, decreasing from bin loading to February, and then increasing 
until the last storage sample taken on 5/4/20. Correspondingly, glucose concentrations rose 

sharply towards the end of storage, increasing from 0.004% to 0.010% from 4/20/20 to 

5/4/20. Only the last sample displayed undesirable color, and internal color was observed 

once in March and in the last sample in May. All samples but one had some defects, with 

the highest incidence of 17.1% on 1/27/20. 
Bruise was ob
served in most samples by 
Techmark, Inc. Snowden continues to be grown and stored in Michigan, and remains the 

standard for the Box Bin trials.
  
 
 
 
    Figure 6. Snowden chip 
quality on last acceptable sample date, 
4/6/20
 (left) and last storage 
sample 
5/4/20
 (right). 
  II.    
 201
9 - 
2020 Bulk Bin (500 cwt. Bin) Report
 (Chris Long, Trina Zavislan, 
Damen Kurzer
, and Brian Sackett) 
Overview
 and Objectives
  The goals of the MPIC Storage and 
Handling Committee for the 201
9-2020 bulk bin 
storage season were:
 1. To further refine optimal storage profiles for 
Mackinaw, 
specifically to understand temperature effect on weight loss and pressure bruise 
development, 2. To further refine optimal storage profiles for 
Petoskey
, specificall
y to 
determine the extent of stem end defects and chip defects when cooled, 
and 3. To study the 
effects of two different 
storage 
temperatures on ND7519-1 and MSZ219-14. 
Procedure
  Each bin was filled under contract with potato producers in the state of Michigan. The 

MPIC paid field contract price for the potatoes to be delivered to the demonstration 

storage. Pressure bruise samples were collected for each bulk bin and designated bulk bins 

were filled. The varieties and their storage management strategies were established by the 

MPIC Storage and Handling Committee. For each bulk bin filled, a corresponding box bin 

containing 10 cwt. was filled and placed into Bin 7.  Bin 7 was held at 54ºF, which in most 

cases is warmer than the corresponding bulk bin of the same variety. This allowed the 

committee to see if the warmer storage temperature in the box bin would reduce storage 

life and provided information as to how the bulk bin tubers might physiologically age. 

Bulk bins 1 and 2 were gassed with CIPC on November 1
st, 3 and 4 on October 14
th, 5 and 
6 on November 19
th, and 8 and 9 on November 5
th. All bulk bins were gassed with CIPC 
again on January 30
th.    Bulk bin assignments are below:  

1 and 2
: Mackinaw
 (Sacket
t Potatoes)  
3 and 4
: Petoskey
 (Walther Farms Cass City
)  
5 and 6: MSZ219-14 (Thorlund Brothers)  

7: Box Bins 

8 and 9
: ND7519-1 (Sandyland Farms)  
We began sugar monitoring the day tubers were loaded 
into storage and sampled tubers
 on a two
-week 
schedule thereafter.
 Forty tubers were removed from the sample door in each 
bin every two weeks and sent to Techmark, Inc. for sucrose, glucose, chip color and defect 
evaluation. 
The sample door is located in the center back side of each storage bin and 
allows us to take samples 
from the pile three feet above the bottom of the pile.
 Pressure 
bruise evaluation began by collecting nine, 20 to 25 lb. tuber samples 
as each bin was 

being filled. 
Three samples were placed at each of three different levels within 
the bulk bin 
pile at 3, 8, and 14 feet from the storage floor.  

 
We evaluated the pressure bruise samples 3 to 5 da
ys after the bin was unloaded. We 

randomly selected a set of 25 tubers from each bag and visually 
inspected 
for 
pressure 

bruising. B
y removin
g the tuber skin with a knife, we evaluated the discoloration for each 
flat spot
. A visual rating
 established
 presence or absence of fles
h color (blackening of 
flesh). We calculated p
ercent weight loss in e
ach tuber sample as it was removed from the 
storag
e.   
 Mackinaw
 Storage Trial (Bin 1
 and 2) 
 
Mackinaw
, a promising variety from 
Michigan State University
, has commercialization 
potential in Michigan due to excellent long-
term
 chip quality 
with tolerance to stem
-end 
defects, resistance 
PVY and 
Late Blight, tolerance to common scab
 and Fusarium, 
resistance to Rhizoctonia, and a higher specific gravity. The purpose of this bulk bin 

experiment was to evaluate glucose and sucrose re
action during pile cooling to 46ºF and 

48ºF in Bins 1 and 2, respectively. The initial pulp temperature was 46.4ºF during bin 

loading, and temperature in both bins was increased to suberization temperature. The bins 

were
 then cooled by direct cooling to 50ºF. The bins w
ere
 further cooled to 48
ºF at a rate 
of either 0.4ºF per day or 0.6ºF per day. After reaching 48ºF, later c
ooling occurred at a 
rate of 0.2ºF per day 
for Bin 1 
unti
l the temperature reached 46
ºF, while Bin 2 was held at 
48ºF. This strategy and cooling rate is used in all bulk bins, which 
were
 cooled from field 
temperature to suberization temperature, to 50ºF, to the target storage temperature. 
  We filled Bin 1 
with 
Mackinaw
 on October 8
th.  The seed was planted 
in 
Mecosta
, MI
 on May 
7th and vine killed on September 5
th (121 
DAP, GDD
40 3043). This planting 
was 
harvested on October 7
th, 153 days after planting. At loading, tubers in Bin 1 were 80% 
bruise free and tubers in Bin 2 were 64% bruise free. 
The 
pulp temperature for tubers at the 
time of bin 
loading was 46.6ºF. Both bins were 
gassed with CIP
C on November 1
st and 
January 30
th. They were unloaded 
on 
June 9
th and shipped to Utz Quality Foods, Hanover, 
PA, where they were processed on June 10
th. 
Results
  Bulk Bin 
1, 
Mackinaw
 (
GDD
40 3
043, 46ºF)
  
Mackinaw was grown at Sackett Potatoes in a field with Lamoka (Figure 7). The Potato 

Outreach Program conducted a test dig prior to vine kill, in which ten feet of potatoes were 

harvested and graded. A US#1 yield of 251 cwt/A, lower than the yield of Lamok
a in the 

same field, at 423 cwt/A, was observed. Specific gravity was 1.092, higher than that of 

Lamoka at 1.086. There were 9.2 tubers per plant and 2.7 tubers per stem. Internal quality 

was good with no defects observed, and the chip score was excellent at 1.0.  

 One pre-harvest sample was taken on 8/13/2019. Both glucose and sucrose concentrations 
were high, 0.013% glucose and a sucrose rating of 1.991
. Slight hollow heart was 

observed. Chip quality out of the field was evaluated on 10/8/2019 with 3.5% t
otal defects 
observed. Defects are reported by Techmark, Inc, and are determined using slices cut from 

stem to bud end. On this date, sucrose and glucose concentrations were 1.279 (X10) and 

0.003%, respectively. The SFA chip color was 1.0. 
The target temperature 
of 46
ºF was
 reached in early January.
  
Sucrose concentrations fluctuated during storage but remained above 1.000 (X10) in all but 

the last three samples. Concentrations generally decreased at the very end of the storage 

season. Glucose concentration
s were also variable but were in a more limited range from 
0.001% to 0.006%. Glucose was highest on 1/27/2020 and decreased to 0.002% for the last 
two sample dates. There was no undesirable color observed until the 2/24/2020 sample, the 
four total observat
ions were all below six percent. There were only two instances of 
internal color, one on 1/27/2020 and the other on 4/20/2020. Total defects were generally 

lower earlier in the storage season, all below 14% until the 1/13/2020 sample. After this 

sample, to
tal defects rose to a high of 34.4% on the last same date. 
While the chips 
maintained good chip color through the end of the storage season, the last sample with few 

defects at Techmark, Inc. occurred on 5/18/2020 (Figure 8). 

 
On 
June 9
th,
 the 
Bin was unlo
aded (Figure 9
) and the 
potatoes 
were 
sent to 
Utz 
Quality 
Foods, Hanover PA, on June 10
th. Sackett Potatoes also evaluated the potatoes on June 9
th and observed a specific gravity of 1.092 and Frito Lay Solids of 18.89. A sample was 

chipped in the Sackett Potatoes lab and photographed by the Potato Outreach program 

(Figure 10).
 When evaluated at Utz Quality Foods, the processor identified 2% total ch
ip 
defects and a very high specific gravity of 1.102 (Figure 11). There were no external 

defects, only a small amount of pressure bruise and greening. The fry operator had to 

adjust the slicer thickness due to the very high gravity of these potatoes.  

 
Utz
 sent a sample of chips to the Potato Outreach Program, and staff sorted potatoes into 
acceptable chips, chips with internal defects, and chips with external defects using a visual 

evaluation (Figure 12). 78.5% of chips had no defects, 11.6% had internal d
efects, and 

9.9% had external defects. There was one green chip. These higher percent defects do not 

indicate unacceptable chips, merely that a defect is present but acceptable to a processor.
  
At bin unloading, the average weight loss of tubers was 4.36%. 3% of the tubers had 

bruising with color, while 44% had bruising with no color and 53% were bruise free (Table 

6). Mackinaw continues to be a promising variety with commercialization potential in 

Michigan. It will be further evaluated in the 2020 to 2021 
storage season.
   Figure 7. The Mackinaw potatoes used in Bulk Bin 1 
(left) at Sackett Potatoes on 
6/19/2019. 

        Figure 8. Bulk Bin 1 chips on the first sample date (10/8/19)
, last acceptable chip date 
(5/18/20) and last sample date (6/9/2020). 

  Figure 9. Mackinaw potataoes in Bin 1 during unloading on 6/9/2020. 
  Figure 10. 
Mackinaw 
from Bin 1 chipped by Sackett Potatoes, 6/9/2020.  
  Figure 11. 
Mackinaw 
from Bin 1 at Utz Quality Foods, 6/10/2020. 
 Figure 12. 
Mackinaw c
hips from Utz 
sorted by defect type by the Potato Outreach 
Program.
  Bulk Bin 
2, Mackinaw
 (GDD
40 3
043, 48ºF)
  Chip quality out of the field was very good with no defects 
reported on the first sample 

date, October 8
th. Defects are reported by Techmark, Inc, and are determined using slices 
cut from stem to bud end. On this date, sucrose and g
lucose concentrations were 1.
198 
percent (X10) and 0.003 
percent respectivel
y with a pulp temperature of 51.2ºF.  
 
Sucrose levels were elevated as in Bin 1, but to a lesser extent. Concentrations were lowest 

between 3/23/2020 and 5/18/2020, after which they rose during the last two sample dates. 

Glucose concentrations were also variable,
 reaching a high of 0.005% twice, first on 
11/18/2019, then on 3/23/2020. 
The target temperature of 48
ºF was reached in late 
December, and the bin was maintained until temperature was increased to 50.8ºF 

beginning in late May. 
Like
 Bin 1, Bin 2 had good chip quality for most of storage. There 
were 
three
 instances of undesirable color
 between March and April, all below seven 
percent.
 Internal color was also good, with only two samples exhibiting browning 
in May
. Total defects were somewhat variable, three samples containing over 20% defects in late 
January, late March, and early June. In all but five samples Techmark, Inc. observed 

bruising. While there was a slight increase in the number of chip defects in both May 

samples, chips from the 6/1/2020 and 6/9/2020 samples had acceptable chip quality, 

suggesting that holding at a slightly higher temperature may improve chip quality (Figure 

13). 

 
Bin 2 was unloaded on June 9
th and was processed at Utz 
on June 10
th. During bin 
unloading, some sprouting was observed in Bin 2 but not in Bin 1 (Figure 14
). As i
n Bin 1, 
a sample was also chipped at Sackett Potatoes
 (Figure 15). 
Sackett Potatoes observed a 

specific gravity of 1.097 and Frito-Lay solids of 19.65. Utz Quality Foods found a specific 

gravity of 1.102, identical to Bin 1, and 5% total chip defects, slightly higher than Bin 1 

(Figure 16). Utz also noted some sprouting, which resulted in the increased defects 

observed as internal sprout defects. 
  
At bin unloading, the average tuber weight loss was 4.46%, very slightly higher than in 

Bin 1
. 11% of tubers were bruised with color, while 
49% were bruised with no color and 
40% had no bruising (Table 6). 

    Figure 13. Mackinaw chips from the first (10/8/2019) and last (6/9/2020) sample dates.  

  Figure 14. Mackinaw tubers from Bin 2 unloading on 6/9/2020. Some sprouting was 
observed. 

  Figure 15. Mackinaw from Bin 2 chipped by Sackett Potatoes, 6/9/2020. 
 Figure 16. Mackinaw from Bin 2 chipped at Utz Quality Foods on 6/10/2020. 
 Table 
6. 201
9-2020 PRESSURE BRUISE DATA 
 Bulk Bin #1 and #2 
Mackinaw
 (Mecosta
, MI)
  Location
1 Average 
Weight 
Loss 
(%) Average Number of External 
Pressure Bruises Per Tuber
2 Average % of Total 
 Tuber Number
 0 1 2 3+ 
Without
 Bruise
 Bruised
 (No Color)
 Bruised with 
Color
3 14' Bin 1
 4.43 21 4 0 0 85 15 0 8' Bin 1
 4.44 9 8 7 1 37 59 4 3' Bin 1
 4.22 9 12 3 1 37 59 4 OVERALL
 AVERAGES
 4.36    53 44 3 14™ Bin 2 
4.43 14 9 2 0 55 41 4 8™ Bin 2 
4.51 9 11 4 1 36 48 16 3™ Bin 2 
4.43 7 11 5 2 28 59 13 OVERALL
 AVERAGES
 4.46    40 49 11    1  
Feet above the bin floor.
  2  
A Sample of 25 tubers randomly selected. Each tuber was first evaluated for the number of visual 
pressure bruises 0, 1, 2, 3+.
  3 A cut slice was removed just below the skin of each bruised area. If any flesh was darkened, it was scored as a tuber "with
 color".
 Loaded
 10/8/2019
 (both)
  Pulp Temp. (at Filling) 
 46.4
ºF (
1) 46.4
ºF (
2)    Unloaded
 6/9/2020
 (both)
 Target Storage Temp.
 46ºF (1)
 48ºF (2)
 End Temp.
 50.6
ºF (
1) 50.8
ºF (
2) Petoskey
 Storage Trial (Bins
 3 and 4) 
 This Michigan State 
University variety had commercialization potential in Michigan due 

storage rot disease tolerance, including 
Fusarium, 
Pink Rot, and Pythium. 
It has an above 
average specific gravity and is generally storable until March or April
. Yields are typically 

average. These 
two
 bulk bins were filled with potatoes grown by 
Walther Farms in Cass 
City, MI (Figure 17). The potatoes in both bins 
were planted on 
April 25
th and vines were 
killed on 
September 
6th (134 DAP, GDD
40 3220). 
Harvest occurred on September 
17th, 145 days after planting. 
At har
vest the pulp temperature was 
63.1ºF. The tubers were in good 
condition at bin loading, with
 76% bruise free tubers in Bin 3 and 88
% bruise free tubers
 in 
Bin 4
. Petoskey was physiologically and chemically mature at bin loading as indicated by 
an increasing
 glucose concentration and 
decreasing
 sucrose concentration between two 
pre-
harvest panels
 taken on 8/19/2020 and 8/27/2020. The bins were loaded on 
September 
17th and treated with CIPC on October 14
th and January 30
th.  These bins were designed to 
study chip quality and potato storability under 
two different 
storage 
protocols and 

determine when senescence sweeting occurs.
  
     Figure 17. The Petoskey field at Walther Farms Cass City 
on 6/17/2019, Petoskey tubers 

dug on 7/22/2019. 
 
  Results
  Bulk Bin 
3, Mackinaw
 (GDD
40 3
220, 48ºF)
  The initial target temperature for this bin was 50
ºF, which was reached in December by 
cooling at a rate of 0.2ºF per day, and further cooling to 48º
F at the same rate 
occurred to 
increase the longevity of storage as stem end defects and chip defects decreased through 
January. 
This 
target temperature 
was maintained 
until the bin was unloaded on 5/18/2020 
with a pulp temperature of 47.8º
F. Petoskey displayed a U
-shaped trend in sucrose 
concentration with higher concentrations occurring from bin loading until November, then 

decreasing to the lowest readings in March, and finally increasing to 0.596 (X10) at bin 

unloading. Glucose concentratio
ns were also initially higher, then decreased to mostly 

lower concentrations in January to March, and slowly increased in April and May. 

Undesirable color was initially observed, but only through November. Internal color was 

also initially high, reaching 38.5% in the second sample, but was subsequently lower than 

10% in all samples, excluding 113.8% on 4/20/20.  

 Petoskey displayed evidence of reconditioning in storage, with 
total defects high at the 
beginning of storage and then decreasing to 
December and 
January. Total defects rose 

again but decreased to zero in March. After the late March sample, defects again rose. See 

Figure 18 for images of marginal chip quality in September, improved chip quality in 

January and late March, and decreasing chip quality in May just before bin unloading. 

Chip defects recorded by Techmark, Inc. include bruise and slight stem end color. 

 
Bin 3 was unloaded on May 18
th and processed by 
Better Made Foods on May 19
th (Figure 
19). At unloading, the average tuber weight loss was 5.44%. 27% of tubers had no 
bruising, 37% had bruising with no color, and 36
% were bruised with color
 (Table 7)
. As 
in Bin 1 and 2, Sackett Potatoes chipped a sample of tubers (Figure 20). Sackett Potatoes 

noted a specific gravity of 1.098 and Frito-Lay solids at 19.95. Better Made noted a 

specific gravity of 1.102. Chip quality was good, with 4.73% internal defects and 3.83% 
external defects for a total of 8.56% defects. The A
GTRON
 score was 64.1. Figure 21 
shows washed, cut, and chipped potatoes from Bin 3. The Potato Outreach Program also 
sorted chips processed 
by Better Made into defect type (Figure 22). POP staff identified 
two percent by weight of sugar defects, internal defects, and external defects, wit
h the 
remaining 94% acceptable. No greening was observed.  

       Figure 18. Petoskey chip images on 9/30/19, 1/11/20, 3/23/20, and 5/4/20. 
  Figure 19. Petoskey from Bin 3 unloaded on 5/18/2020. 
  Figure 20. Petoskey from Bin 3 chipped by Sackett Potatoes on 5/18/2020. 
   Figure 21. Raw tubers, washed tubers, and finished chips from Petoskey Bin 3 at Better 
Made Foods on 5/19/2020. 

  Figure 22
. Tubers chipped at Better Made 
and sorted by the Potato Outreach Program into 

acceptable (left), sugar defects (top right), internal defects (middle right), and external 

defects (bottom right). 
  
 
 
 
 Bulk Bin 
4, Petoskey
 (GDD
40 3
220, 50ºF)
  This bulk bin was cooled to the target 
temperature of 50
ºF by late January, and this 
temperature was maintained until bin unloading on 5/18/20. As in Bin 3, sucrose 

concentrations followed a U-shaped trend with the highest concentrations shortly after bin 

loading and just before unloading. Conc
entrations were 
lowest between February and 
March. Glucose concentrations remained more stable, between 0.002% and 0.004% for 

most of the storage season, only increasing to 0.005% at the last sample. There were three 

samples with undesirable color, one at 
the beginning of storage and two towards the end of 

the storage season. Internal color was generally low, excluding the first two samples that 

had 14.8% and 20.5% internal color, respectively. The other three samples with internal 

color were at 13% or lower. Total defects were consistently high from bin loading to late 

February, after which they generally decreased. The sample taken on 1/27/2020 had 44.9% 

internal defects, the highest observed in Bin 4. The sample taken on 5/4/2020 had the 

lowest total defe
cts, 3.5%, but the final sample had 30.5% defects. See Figure 23 for 
images of chips at bin loading, May 4
th, and bin unloading. Almost all samples evaluated 
by Techmark, Inc. had slight to moderate stem end color and bruising.  

 
Bin 4 was unloaded on May 18
th with a pulp temperature of 50.2º
F (Figure 24). A sample 
was chipped at Sackett Potatoes (Figure 25). Sackett Potatoes calculated a specific gravity 

of 1.098 and Frito lay solids of 19.87. Better Made Snack Foods received and processed 

the tubers on May 19
th. The processor noted a specific gravity of 1.102, 1.01% internal 
defects, 4.51% external defects, and 5.87% total defects. The Agron score was 66. The 

tubers were washed, cut, and chipped (Figure 26). 
Petoskey demonstrating reconditioning, 

or ficleaning upfl in storage, where chip quality improves after initially marginal out of the 

field and early storage performance. The stem end defect observed in both bins was less 

severe from March to May, suggesting that the defect was not caused by disease 
and was 
managed in storage. This variety continues to display mid-season storability, with 

processing potential between March and May. 
      Figure 23. Petoskey from Bin 4 chip samples taken on 9/17/19, 5/4/20, and 5/18/20. 
  Figure 24. Petoskey from Bin 4 during unloading on 5/18/2020. 

  Figure 25. Petoskey chipped by Sackett Potatoes on 5/18/2020.  

      Figure 26. Washed, cut, and chipped tubers of Petoskey at Better Made Snack Foods on 
5/19/2020.  

 Table 7. 201
9-2020 PRESSURE BRUI
SE DATA 
 Bulk Bin #
3 and 
#4 Petoskey 
(Cass City
, MI)
  Location
1 Average 
Weight 
Loss (%)
 Average Number of External 
Pressure Bruises Per Tuber
2 Average % of Total 
 Tuber Number
 0 1 2 3+ 
Without
 Bruise
 Bruised
 (No Color)
 Bruised with 
Color
3 14' Bin 
3 5.40 13 8 4 0 51 39 11 8' Bin 3 
5.28 6 8 8 3 25 33 41 3' Bin 
3 5.63 1 8 10 6 4 40 56 OVERALL
 AVERAGES
 5.44    27 37 36 14™ Bin 4 
6.13 10 10 3 1 41 53 5 8™ Bin 4 
6.15 2 6 11 7 7 60 33 3™ Bin 4 
6.39 1 4 11 8 4 56 40 OVERALL
 AVERAGES
 6.22    17 56 26    1  
Feet above the bin floor.
  2  
A Sample of 25 tubers randomly selected. Each tuber was first evaluated for the number of visual pressure 
bruises 0, 1, 2, 3+.
  3  
A cut slice was removed just below the skin of each bruised area. If any flesh was darkened, it was scored as a tuber "wit
h color".
 Loaded
 9/17/19
(both)
  Pulp Temp. (at Filling) 
 63.1
ºF (both
)    Unloaded
 5/18/20
 (both)
 Target Storage Temp.
 50.0ºF (3)
 48.0ºF (4)
 End Temp.
 47.8
ºF (3
) 50.2
ºF (
4)    MSZ219
-14 (
Bin
s 5 
and 6) 
 This Michigan State University selection has been evaluated by the Potato Outreach 

Program since 2016. It has an average to above average yield potential and 
is resistant to 

Common Scab and PVY. Under further evaluation, this variety displayed higher than 

average chip defects and a below average specific gravity. MSZ219
-14 was studied in the 
bulk bins to determine if it had long term chip quality and storability to make up for these 

weaknesses. This variety was planted on 
June 6
th at Thorlund Brothers, Greenville, MI. 
Vine kill occurred on September 24
th (110 
DAP, 
3107 GDD40). The potatoes were 
harvested on October 25
th, 141 days after planting. At bin loading the pulp temperature 
was 49.0ºF in Bin 5 and 48.6ºF in Bin 6. Tubers were 72% and 64% bruise free. No pre-

harvest sample was taken for this variety. 
Both bins were gassed with CIPC on November 

19th and January 30
th. The initial plan for the bins was to cool them to 50
ºF and 52º
F, 
respectively. However, the chip quality and agronomic trait
s caused the research 
committee to discontinue evaluation. Both bins were held at 54º
F to maintain respiration 

until the potatoes reached an acceptable processing quality.  

 Results
  Bulk Bin 
5, MSZ219
-14 (GDD
40 3107, 54ºF)  
The temperature in Bulk Bin 
5 was 
maintained near 54º
F for the duration of storage. 
The 
sucrose concentration 
followed a U
-shaped curve, decreasing until February and then 
gradually increasing through bin unloading on 3/26/2020
. The glucose concentration w
as consistently high 
through December, decreased through February, and then increased until 
bin unloading
. Most samples had a high percentage of total defects, with the lowest 

incidence of 3
3.4% occurring on 2/24/2020. 
Internal color was also high, with th
e lowest 
incidence of 2
1.2% occurring on 12/2/2019. Techmark, Inc. noted moderate stem end 
color, bruise, dark chips, or hollow heart in each sample. See Figure 27 for chip quality at 

bin loading and unloading. The bin was unloaded on March 26
th and the potatoes were sent 
to Campbells, Inc. for canning. At unloading, the average weight loss was 5.89% with 15% 
bruise free tubers, 77% of tubers with bruise and no color, and 8% of tubers with bruise 

and color (Table 8). MSZ219-14 is no longer under evaluation by the Potato Outreach 

Program.  

    Figure 27. Bulk bin 5 
first chip sample on 
10/25/19, and last chip sample on 3/23/20. 

 Bulk Bin 
6, MSZ219
-14 (GDD
40 3107, 54
ºF) This bin displayed performed similarly compared to Bin 5 in terms of 
total chip defects, 

internal color, and undesirable color. Sucrose concentrations were initially high and 

generally decreased from December to the end of the storage season. Glucose 

concentrations in Bin 6 were initially higher than those of Bin 5 but decreased to 0.002% at 

the last sample date in March. Undesirable color was comparable to Bin 5, as was internal 

color and total defects. The highest internal color incidence occurred on 11/4/2019 at 

73.6%. The following sample on 11/18/20 had the highest total defects, 80.8%. Figure 28 

shows the first and last chip image of MSZ219-14 in Bin 6. At Bin unloading, the pulp 

temperature was 49.6
ºF. Average weight loss was 5.76%, and 28% of tubers were bruise 
free. Of the bruised tubers, 69% were bruised with no color and 3% were bruised with 

color (Table 8).
    Figure 28. Bulk bin 6 first chip sample on 10/25/19, and last chip sample on 3/23/20. 
  Table 
8. 2019
-2020
 PRESSURE BRUISE DATA 
 Bulk Bin #5 and #6 MSZ219
-14 (Greenville
, MI)
  Location
1 Average 
Weight 
Loss (%)
 Average Number of External 
Pressure Bruises Per Tuber
2 Average % of Total 
 Tuber Number
 0 1 2 3+ 
Without
 Bruise
 Bruised
 (No Color)
 Bruised with 
Color
3 14' Bin 
5 5.18 5 10 6 3 20 80 0 8' Bin 5 
5.16 3 11 8 3 13 76 11 3' Bin 
5 7.34 3 7 10 5 12 76 12 OVERALL
 AVERAGES
 5.89    15 77 8 14™ Bin 6 
5.34 8 8 8 1 32 68 0 8™ Bin 6 
4.46 10 8 6 1 40 60 0 3™ Bin 6 
7.49 3 9 6 7 12 79 9 OVERALL
 AVERAGES
 5.76    28 69 3    1  
Feet above the bin floor.
  2  
A Sample of 25 tubers randomly selected. Each tuber was first evaluated for the number of visual pressure 
bruises 0, 1, 2, 3+.
  3  
A cut slice was removed just below the skin of each bruised area. If any flesh was darkened, it was scored as a tuber "with 
color".
 Loaded
 10/25/19(both)
  Pulp Temp. (at Filling) 
 49.0ºF 
(5) 
48.6ºF
 (6)
    Unloaded
 3/26/20 (both)
 Target Storage Temp.
 54.0ºF 
(both)
 End Temp.
 49.8
ºF (
5) 49.6
ºF (
6)    ND7519
-1 
Storage Trial (Bins 8 and 9)
 This North Dakota selection has been evaluated by the Potato Outreach Program since 
2016 and has been evaluated in the Michigan SNAC trial for two years. It has an average 

to above average specific gravity, a uniform medium sized tuber profile, average yie
lds, 
and is tolerant to common scab. In storage, it has a better than average chip color, and has 

an earlier maturity than Snowden. Internal heat necrosis has been observed in the variety in 

the past, which has the potential to translate in chip defects or
 physiological storage issues. 
In 2019, these potatoes were planted on May 16
th and Sandyland Farms, Howard City, MI 
(Figure 29). The field was vine killed on September 4
th, (111 DAP, 2937 GDD
40) and 
harvested October 14
th, 151 days after planting. At loading, the pulp temperature for Bin 8 
was 44
ºF with 72% bruise free tubers. Bin 9 tubers were 46ºF with 60% bruise free tubers. 
Two pre-harvest samples were taken from this field on August 20
th and September 3
rd. ND7519-
1 was mature at harvest, the sucrose r
ating decreased from 0.768 (X10) to 0.671 
(X10) between the two samples. The Potato Outreach Program conducted a ten-
foot test 
dig of this variety, and calculated a US#1 yield of 626 cwt/A with 84% US#1 tubers. There 

were 16.6 tubers per plant and 3.0 tubers per stem. The specific gravity was 1.087 and chip 

color was excellent. 
Both bins were gassed with CIPC on November 5
th and January 30
th.    Figure 29. The field of ND7519-1 
at Sandyland Farms on 6/19/2019.  
 Results
  Bulk Bin 8,
 ND
7519-1
, (GDD
40 2937, 44ºF)
  Bulk Bin 8 was cooled to 48ºF by December and was further cooled to 46ºF at 0.2º
F per 

day by January. While there was some concern about the internal heat necrosis observed in 

the past, this defect had not been observed in chip samples 
in Dece
mber. Therefore, the bin 

was further cooled to 44ºF 0.2ºF per day. This temperature was achieved in February and 

was maintained until bin unloading. Sucrose concentrations were initially high in Bin 8 

tubers, with the sucrose concentration at the first sam
ple date 1.015 (X10). Concentrations 
decreased through late January, and subsequently rose until the bin was unloaded on 

3/23/2020. Glucose concentrations followed a similar trend, with concentrations starting 

and ending high, at 0.011% in early and late s
amples. Total defects were typically above 
5% in each sample, and the highest percentage of defects was observed
 on the 12/2/2019 
sample with 23.8% total defects. Chip defects were primarily dark chips or bruising, as 

internal color and undesirable color did not account for most defects observed. Undesirable 

color defects were low, only reaching 4.1% on the last sample date. Internal color was also 
lower, present in only four samples and reaching a high of 6% in the 3/9/2020 sample.  
 
The bin was unloaded on 3/23/2020, and the tubers were shipped to Herr Foods, 

Nottingham, PA 
(Figure 30).
 A sample of potatoes was chipped at Sackett Potatoes on 

3/23/2020. Sackett Potatoes reported a specific gravity of 1.084 and Frito-
Lay score of 
17.44. The tubers were processed on 3/24/2020 at Herr Foods. Herr™s recorded as specific 

gravity of 1.087, an A
GTRON
 score of 52.2, and 1.9% minor defects. Color, crispness, 
and flavor were all rated fiabove average.fl The processor
 sent a bag of tubers to the Potato 
Outreach Prog
ram for visual defect evaluation. The tubers were collected prior to the Opti
-
sort and are a good indicator of total defects present in the bin. Potato Outreach Program 

staff sorted the chips into acceptable, sugar defects, internal defects, external defec
ts, and 

greening defects. 9
2% of chips were acceptable, 3% had 
sugar 
defects
, 2% had internal 
defects,
 2% had external defects, and 1% had greening defects (Figure 32). At bin 
unloading, tuber weight loss was 4%, with 20% bruise free tubers, 75% bruised with no 
color, and 5% bruised with color (Table 9).  

 
Based on sugar data calculated by Techmark, Inc., this bin had been senescence 

sweetening since early March (Figure 33). The lower storage temperature of 44
ºF slowed 
the senescence sweetening process, dem
onstrated in the lower proportion of sugar defects 
in Bin 8 compared to the chips in Bin 9, produced from tubers held at a warmer 

temperature. There was no evidence of cold induced sweetening in either bin, suggesting 

this variety has the potential to be s
tored even color. Unfortunately, some internal heat 
necrosis was visible in the finished chips toward the end of storage that was not observed 

in the raw tuber flesh in the field. This fact, combined with mid
-season storage potential, 
has 
reduced industry 
interest in the variety. 
   Figure 30. ND7519-1 tubers from Bulk Bin 8 on 3/23/20. 

  Figure 31. Chips produced at Sackett Potatoes on 3/23/20. 
   Figure 32. Chips from Bulk Bin 8 sorted by defect type. Acceptable (left), sugar defects 

(top right), internal defects (middle right), external defects (middle right), greening (bottom 

right).  

    Figure 33. The first (left) and last (right) chip sample
 images, taken 10/15/19 and 3/23/20. 
 Bulk Bin #9, 
ND7519
-1
, (GDD
40 2937, 46ºF)
  
Bulk Bin 9 had a highe
r target temperature than Bin 8 and 
reached
 48ºF by 
December
 2019. The target temperature was initially proposed to be 48
ºF, but the bin was further 
cooled to 46ºF at 0.2ºF per day, reaching the new target temperature in January. It was held 

at this temperature until bin unloading in March. Sucrose concentrations w
ere comparable 
to those of Bin 8, and followed a U-shaped trend of initial higher concentrations, 

decreasing sucrose through January, and increasing concentrations towards the end of 

storage. Glucose concentrations were lower, evidenced by senescence sweet
ening that is 
more apparent in Bin 9. There were two samples with undesirable color and two with 

internal color, the first and last storage sample taken. 
Total defects observed in Bin 9 were 

higher at the start and end of storage, and lower during the middle of storage, between 

November and February. The tubers sampled on 1/13/2020 had no defects observed. 

Figure 34 shows the first sample, sample taken on 1/13, and last sample from Bin 9. 

Bruising was the most observed 
chip defect.
 Bin 9 was unloaded on 3/23/2020 (Figure 35). 
At unloading, the average tuber weight loss was 4.14%. 30% of tubers were bruise free, 

67% had bruise without color, and 3% had bruise with color (Table 9). 
Sackett Potatoes 

calculated a specific gravity of 1.087 and Frito
-Lay Score of 
17.95 (Figure 36).  
 
Herr Foods received the tubers from Bin 9 on 3/24/2020. At Herr™s, the A
GTRON
 score 
was 58.8, the specific gravity was 1.087, and the finished chips were rated above average 

for color, crispness, and flavor. The potatoes had 0.2% minor 
defects and no major defects. 
Potato Outreach Program staff sorted chips from Herr™s, and found 91% acceptable chips, 
5% sugar defects, 0.5% internal defects, 3% external defects, and 0.5% greening (Figure 

37). The higher percentage of sugar defects in Bin 9 (5% vs 3% in Bin 8), show that the 

warmer storage temperature of Bin 9 may lead to more senescence sweetening.
       Figure 34. Chip samples from Bin 9 taken 10/15/19, 1/13/20, and 3/23/20. 

  Figure 35. ND7519-1 from Bin 9 unloaded on 3/23/20. 

  Figure 36. ND7519-1 chips produced at Sackett Potatoes 3/23/20. 

  Figure 37. Chips from Bin 9 sorted as acceptable (left), sugar defects (top right), internal 
defects (middle right), external defects (middle right), and greening (lower right).
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Table 9
. 201
9-
2020 PRESSURE BRUISE DATA 
 Bulk Bin #8 and 
#9 ND7519
-1 (
Howard City, MI)
  Location
1 Average 
Weight 
Loss (%)
 Average Number of External 
Pressure Bruises Per Tuber
2 Average % of Total 
 Tuber Number
 0 1 2 3+ 
Without 
Bruise
 Bruised
 (No Color) 
Bruised 
with 
Color
3 14' Bin 
8 2.22 5 10 6 4 20 73 7 8' Bin 
8 4.13 6 8 8 4 23 71 7 3' Bin 
8 5.67 5 12 5 3 19 80 1 OVERALL
 AVERAGES
 4.00    20 75 5 14™ Bin 9 
3.63 8 10 6 1 32 67 1 8™ Bin 9 
4.05 8 11 5 1 32 63 5 3™ Bin 9 
4.75 6 6 5 8 25 71 4 OVERALL
 AVERAGES
 4.14    30 67 3    1  
Feet above the bin floor.
  2  
A Sample of 25 tubers randomly selected. Each tuber was first evaluated for the number of visual pressure 
bruises 0, 1, 2, 3+.
  3  
A cut slice was removed just below the skin of each bruised area. If any flesh was darkened, it was scored as a tuber "wit
h color".
 Loaded
 10/15/19 (both)
  Pulp Temp. (at Filling) 
 44.0
ºF (8)
 46.0
 ºF (9)
    Unloaded
 3/23/20
 (both)
 Target Storage Temp.
 48.0ºF
 (8) 50.0º
F (9
) End Temp.
 44.0
ºF (8)
 46.0
ºF (9)
  2019
-20
20
 MICHIGAN
 RUSSET POTATO 
STORAGE REPORT
 MICHIGAN POTATO INDUSTRY COMMISSION
  Chris Long, Coordinator, Trina Zavislan, and 
Damen Kurzer
  Introduction and Acknowledgements
  Russet potatoes are primarily grown for fresh market use in Michigan and 
are not stored during 
the winter months. There has been industry and commercial interest in exploring storage 

potential of several standard russet varieties in Michigan to evaluate fry color and sugar defects 

of commercial varieties after time in storage. 
There are many variety trials underway in 

Michigan that are evaluating russet varieties for yield, solids, disease resistance, and desired 
tuber size profile with the hope of exhibiting the positive attributes of these lines to growers 
and processors. The 
information in this report 
allows the 
industry to make informed decisions 

about the value of adopting 
russet storage practices in Michigan. 
 
 
Please see the Michigan Potato Demonstration Storage Annual Report for detailed information 

on the facilities at t
he Montcalm Research Center
 and 
weather data in 
during the 2019 growing 
season.
  The Ben Kudwa Building, built in 2008, has three independently ventilated, 600 cwt. bulk bins. 
The first of these bulk bins, bin 7, was converted to box bin storage that holds 36, 10 cwt. box 

bins to provide storage profiles on early generation potato varieties. The box bin is an entry 

point into storage profiling that allows the industry to learn about a varieties™ physical and 

chemical storability. 
All russet storage took pla
ce in the box bin from 2019 to 2020. 
A storage 
profile consists of 
monthly
 sampling of potatoes to obtain: sucrose and glucose levels, 
Munsell 
color score, and sugar end defects
. With this information, we can create the storage profile of a 

variety, provid
ing the industry with a clearer picture of where a line can or cannot be utilized.
 The Michigan potato industry hopes to use these storage profiles to improve in areas such as 

long-term storage quality, deliverability of product and, ultimately, sustained 
market share.  
  
The storage facility, and the work done within it, is directed by the MPIC Storage and Handling 

Committee and Michigan State University (MSU) faculty. 
The funding and financial support 
for this facility
, and the research conducted within it, is largely derived from the MPIC. The 
committee occasionally receives support for a given project from private and/or public 
interests.  
  
We wish to acknowledge all the support and investment we receive to operate and conduct 

storage research. First, w
e express our gratitude for the partnership we enjoy between the MPIC 
and Michigan State University. Thank you to the MPIC Storage & Handling Committee for 

their investment of time, guiding the decisions and direction of the facility. Special thanks to 

But
ch Riley (Gun Valley Ag. & Industrial Services, Inc.) for his annual investment in the 
sprout treatment of the storage facility. We would also like to acknowledge a long list of 

additional contributors who invested much time to help foster a quality storage program: Todd 

Forbush (Techmark, Inc)
 and 
Mathew Klein (Farm Manager, MSU Montcalm Research 
Center)
.  
   I. 201
9-
2020
 Russet
 Processing Variety Box Bin Report
 (Chris Long, Trina Zavislan, 
Damen Kurzer
, an
d Brian Sackett)
  Introduction
  All russet 
varieties were stored in trays on top of the boxes in Bin 7. The box design allows 
air 
to travel in from a header, or plenum 
wall
, through the fork
lift holes
 of each box and up 
through the potatoes within it. The air continues to flow up through the next box 
until it
 reaches 

the top and is drawn off the top of the chamber. The air is then reconditioned and forced back 

through the header wall 
plenums a
nd up through the boxes again. 
Each 
tray
 contains 
tubers 
from wh
ich 
we 
sampled
 for 
monthly
 quality evaluations.   
 Procedure
  
In 2019, we evaluated and compared nine russet 
varieties to the check varieties 
Russet 

Norkotah and Russet Burbank
. Once the varieties were chosen, 
.5 cwt. of the 
varieties were
 
planted in a single 34
-inch wide row
. Plan
ting occurred
 on May 8
th at the MSU, Montcalm 
Research Center, Entrican, MI. We
 planted the varieties at a 10fl in
-row seed spacing. All 
varieties received fertilizer in the rates of:
 273 lb. N/A, 9
8 lb P
2O5/A and 261 lb K
2O/A.
 The 
vari
eties were vine 
killed after 1
24 days
 and allowed to set skins for 21 days before harvest on 
September 3
rd, 2019; which was 1
45 days after planting. We did not account for variety 
maturity in harvest timing due to storage and handling restrictions.  
  
We placed approximat
ely 
5 cwt. of each variety in 6 trays  on top of the boxes in bin 7. 
The 
average storage temperature for all the box bins (box bin 7) was 54.0ºF for the 2019-2020 

season. We describe the varieties, their pedigree and scab ratings in Table 
1. We also record
ed 
yield, size distribution, chip quality, and specific gravity at harvest in Table 2.  We graded the 

varieties to remove all fiBfl size tubers and pick
-outs, ensuring the tubers began storage in good 
physical condition.   

 
The storage season began 
in September, with the first samples collected on October 8
th, and 
ended June 1
st, 2020. Bin 7 
was gassed with CIPC 
on November 5
th and January 30
th. We randomly selected forty tubers from each 
variety
 every 
month
 and sent them to Techmark, Inc. 
for sucrose, glucose, 
and color rating using the 
Munsell Color Standard fiColor Standards for 
Frozen Fren
ch Fried Potatoes (Figure 1).fl 
  Please
 contact Chris Long at Michigan State University in the Department of Plant, Soil and 

Microbial Sciences for 
additional information at
 (517) 353-0277 or 
longch@msu.edu
. Additional data is available on the program website, canr.msu.edu/potatooutreach.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Figure 1. The Munsell Color Scale used to evaluate russet potatoes.
Table 1. 2019
-20 MPIC Demonstration 
Russet 
Box Bin Variety 
Descriptions
  Entry
 Pedigree
 2019 Scab 
Rating*
 Characteristics
 AO02183-2 
A97236-
6 X Premier 
Russet
 1.0 Full season maturity, variable skin, 
heavy russetting, deeper eyes, higher 
yield, very high specific gravity.
 A08344-
4sto
 A01667-3 X Dakota 
Trailblazer
 0.5 Higher 
yield, average specific gravity, 
mid-season maturity, higher percentage 
A-sized tubers.
 Castle Russet
 (PORO6V12
-3RUS)
 PA00V6
-4 X 
PA01N22-1 
0.5 Heavy russet skin, higher specific 
gravity, slight hollow heart, earlier vine 
maturity.
 Clearwater Russet 
(AOA9
5154-1) 
Bannock Russet X 
A8915204 
0.5 Higher yield, high specific gravity, 
smaller vine type.
 Dakota Russet
 (ND8229-3) 
Marcy X AH66
-4 
1.0 Attractive appearance, good internal 
quality, average specific gravity, higher 
yield potential.
 Payette Russet 
(A02507-
2LB)
 EGAO9702
-2 X 
GemStar Russet
 0.5 Some skinning, blocky tuber shape, high 
specific gravity, good internal quality. 
Ranger Russet 
(A7411-2) 
Butte X A6595-3 
2.5 Darker skin, moderate alligator hide, 
very high specific gravity, moderate 
vascular d
iscoloration.
 Russet Burbank
 Unknown 
2.0 Lowest yield in trial, low specific 
gravity, misshapen tubers, pitted scab 
lesions, mainly B
-sized tuber profile. 
 Russet Norkotah
 ND9526-
4RUS X 
ND9687-
5RUS
 0.5 Average trial yield, below average 
specific gravity, moderate vascular 
discoloration, earlier 
vine maturity.
 Umatilla Russet
 (AO82611-7) 
Butte X A77268-4 
1.5 Higher specific gravity, smaller tubers, 
inconsistent shape.
 Vanguard Russet 
(TX08352-
5RUS)
 TXA549
-1RUS X 
AOTX98137
-1RU
 0.5 Moderate alligator hide, split of B and A
-sized tubers, earlier vi
ne maturity.
  *Scab rating based on 0-
5 scale;
 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data 
and qualitative descriptions provided by Potato Outreach Program (P.O.P.), MSU Potato Breeding 
and Genetics Program and other potato breeding programs.
   LINEUS#1TOTALUS#1BsAsOVPO
SPGR2HHVDIBSBC
COMMONSCABRATING5VINEVIGOR7VINEMATURITY8COMMENTSAO021832275415662966051.092080001.02.54.0variable
skin,heavyrussetting,severeah,deepeyesA084334sto2493596920681111.081020000.52.53.0
DakotaRusset225366613461051.084010001.02.03.0
niceappearancePayetteRusset2213266721652121.092030000.51.52.0
skinning,blockyClearwaterRuset216346623459341.087070000.52.02.5
RangerRusset145385375437091.097070002.53.03.0
darkerskin,alligatorhideCastleRusset117258454945061.0881050000.52.01.5
heavynettedrussettedskinUmatillaRusset111378296229091.087030001.52.52.0
smalltubers,inconsistentshapeRussetNorkotah110256435143061.072080000.52.51.0
Vanguard103225454945061.068020000.52.01.0
alligatorhideRussetBurbank402241866180161.075
2.02.52.5
misshapenpickouts,pittedscabMEAN165322494349181.084146001.02.32.3
1SIZE2SPECIFICGRAVITY4COMMONSCABRATING5VINEVIGORRATINGRussetsDatanotreplicated(percentoftubersoutof10)Date:6/17/19Bs:<4ozHH:HollowHeart1.0:PresenceofsurfacelesionsRating15As:410ozVD:VascularDiscoloration2.0:Pittedlesionsontubers,thoughcoverageislow1:SlowemergenceOV:>10ozIBS:InternalBrownSpot3.0:PittedlesionscommonontubersPO:PickoutsBC:BrownCenter4.0:Pittedlesionssevereontubers5.0:Morethan50%oftubersurfaceareacoveredinpittedlesions6VINEMATURITYRATINGFIELDDATADate:9/3/19PlantingDate5/8/19Rating15VineKillDate9/9/191:Early(vinescompletelydead)HarvestDate9/30/195:Late(vigorousvines,someflowering)Days(plantingtovinekill)124Days(plantingtoharvest)145GDD40MAWNStationEntricanGDD40(plantingtovinekill)3133SeedSpacing10"3RAWTUBERQUALITY0.0:Completeabsenceofsurfaceorpittedlesions5:Earlyemergence(vigorousvine,someflowering)Table:2019RussetProcessingPotatoVarietyTrialMontcalmReseachCenterPlanting:5/8/19VineKill:9/9/19Harvest:9/30/19GDD40:3133CWT/APERCENTOFTOTAL1RAWTUBERQUALITY4(%)Results:  201
9-
2020
 Chip Processing Box Bin Highlights
  For each of the nine varieties and two standard varieties, we summarize storage 
performance, display images of fried potatoes, and display graphs of glucose and sucrose 

concentrations compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. We als
o summarize the 
percentage of excellent (Munsell scores 0 and 1), acceptable (Munsell score 2), and 

unacceptable (Munsell scores 3 and 4) fries at each sample. Finally, we compare the 

percent of sugar end defects.  

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A08433
-4sto
: This variety was evaluated monthly until April, when fry color became marginal. 
It had a storage glucose profile comparable to Russet Norkotah and sucrose profile comparable to 
Russet Burbank (Figures 2 and 3). Sugar ends were only observed in 
February (Figure 4). Fry 

quality was excellent through 
February, acceptable in March, and marginal in April (Figure 5). 
 Table 3. A08433-4sto 
monthly fry quality pictures from Techmark Inc.
 Month 
     October 
 February 
 November 
 March
  December
  April
  January
  Figure 2
. A08433-4sto glucose concentrations for the 2019-
2020 storage season compared 
to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
  Figure 3.
 A08433-4sto sucrose concentrations for the 2019-
2020 storage season compared 
to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
 0.00
0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
Glucose %
Date
A08433-4sto
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
Sucrose ( %x10)
Date
A08433-4sto
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
Figure 4
. A08433-4sto percent sugar ends for the 2019-2020 storage season compared to 
Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
  Figure 5
. A0
8433-4sto percent fry color for the 2019
-2020 storage season. Fry quality is: 
excellent (Munsell scores 0 and 1), acceptable (Munsell score 2), and unacceptable 

(Munsell scores 3 and 4).
  0%5%10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
Percent
A08433-4sto
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
0%10%20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%100%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
Percent
0 and 1
23 and 4
AO02183
-2: This variety was evaluated monthly until June. It had a 
storage glucose profile 
lower than both 
Russet Norkotah 
and Russet Burbank, and sucrose profile higher than either check 
variety, especially after 
March
 (Figures 
6 and 7). Sugar ends were only observed in 
May 
(Figure 
8). Fry quality was excellent through M
ay and acceptable in June
 (Figure 
9).  Table 
4. AO02183-2 
monthly fry quality pictures from Techmark Inc.
 Month 
     October 
 February 
 November 
 March
  December
  April
  January
  May  June 
  Figure 
6. AO02183-2 glucose concentrations for the 2019-2020 storage season compared 

to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.00
0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
4/8/20
5/8/20
Glucose %
Date
AO02183-2
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
Figure 
7. AO02183-2 sucrose concentrations for the 2019-2020 storage season compared 
to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
  
 
Figure 
8. AO02183-
2 percent sugar ends for the 2019
-2020 storage season compared to 
Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
 0.00
0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
4/8/20
5/8/20
Sucrose ( %x10)
Date
AO02183-2
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
0%5%10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
5/1/20
6/1/20
Percent
AO02183-2
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
Figure 
9. AO02183-2 per
cent fry color for the 2019
-2020 storage season. Fry quality is: 
excellent (Munsell scores 0 and 1), acceptable (Munsell score 2), and unacceptable 
(Munsell scores 3 and 4).
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0%10%20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%100%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
5/1/20
6/1/20
Percent
0 and 1
23 and 4
Castle Russet: 
This variety was evaluated monthly until 
May. It had a storage glucose profile 
comparable to Russet Norkotah 
and sucrose profile higher than either check variety, especially after 
March (Figures 
10 and 
11). Sugar ends were only observed in 
January
 (Figure 12). Fry quality was 
excellent 
in all but three samples occurring in December, January, and April, which had some acceptable 
fries as well (
Figure 13
).  Table 
5. Castle Russet 
monthly fry quality pictures from Techmark Inc.
 Month 
     October 
 February 
 November 
 March
  December
  April
  January
  May  Figure 10:
 Castle Russet glucose concentrations for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
   
Figure 1
1: Castle Russet sucrose
 concentrations for the 2019-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
 0.00
0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
4/8/20
Glucose %
Date
Castle Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
0.00
0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
4/8/20
Sucrose ( %x10)
Date
Castle Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
Fig
ure 1
2: Castle Russet sugar end percentages for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
  Figure 13:
 Castle Russet percent fry color for the 2019-
2020 storage season.
 Fry quality 
is:
 excellent (Munsell scores 0 and 1), acceptable (Munsell score 2), and unacceptable 
(Munsell scores 3 and 4).
  0%5%10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
5/1/20
Percent
Castle Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
0%10%20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%100%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
5/1/20
Percent
0 and 1
23 and 4
Clearwater Russet: 
This variety was evaluated monthly until June. It had a storage glucose profile 
like
 Russet Norkotah through February, until 
it became lower through June
, and sucrose profile 
comparable to Russet Burbank until it rose in March 
(Figures 
14 and 15). Sugar ends were observed in 
October and February 
(Figure 
16). Fry quality was excellent 
each month, with some acceptable 
fries
 in 
Dec
ember
 (Figure 17). 
 Table 
6. Clearwater Russet
 monthly fry quality pictures from Techmark Inc.
 Month 
     October 
 February 
 November 
 March
  December
  April
  January
  May  June 
  Figure 1
4: Clearwater Russet glucose concentrations for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
  
 
 0.00
0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
4/8/20
5/8/20
Glucose %
Date
Clearwater Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
Figure 1
5: Clearwater Russet sucrose concentrations for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
   
Figure 16: 
Clearwater Russet sugar end percentages for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
 0.00
0.20

0.40
0.60
0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
4/8/20
5/8/20
Sucrose ( %x10)
Date
Clearwater Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
0%5%10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
5/1/20
6/1/20
Percent
Clearwater Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
Figure 1
7: Clearwater Russet percent fry color for the 2019
-2020 storage season. 
Fry 
quality is: excellent (Munsell scores 0 and 1), acceptable (Munsell score 2), and 
unacceptable (Munsell scores 3 and 4).
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   0%10%20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%100%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
5/1/20
6/1/20
Percent
0 and 1
23 and 4
Dakota Russet: 
This variety was evaluated monthly until June. It had a storage glucose profile 
lower 
than both check varieties 
and sucrose profile comparable 
both checks 
until it rose in March (Figures 1
8 and 19). 
No sugar ends were observed
 (Figure 
20). Fry quality was excellent each month, with some 
acceptable 
fries
 in 
May 
(Figure 
21).  Table 
7. Dakota 
Russet
 monthly fry quality pictures from Techmark Inc.
 Month 
     October 
 February 
 November 
 March
  December
  April
  January
  May  June 
  Figure 18: 
Dakota Russet glucose concentrations for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.00
0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
4/8/20
5/8/20
Glucose %
Date
Dakota Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
Figure 19
: Dakota Russet sucrose concentrations for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
   
Figure 
20: Dakota Russet sugar end percentages for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
 0.00
0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
4/8/20
5/8/20
Sucrose ( %x10)
Date
Dakota Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
0%5%10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
5/1/20
6/1/20
Percent
Dakota Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
Figure 
21: Dakota Russet percent fry color for the 2019-
2020 storage season.
 Fry quality 
is: excellent (Munsell scores 0 and 1), acceptable (Munsell score 2), and unacceptable 
(Munsell scores 3 and 4).
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   0%10%20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%100%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
5/1/20
6/1/20
Percent
0 and 1
23 and 4
Russet Norkotah: 
This variety was 
evaluated monthly until May. See individual varieties for 
comparisons on sucrose, glucose, and percent sugar defects. Fry quality 
was excellent until February with 
some acceptable fries in the March, April, and June samples (Figure 21).  This variety was a
ccidently 

processed as a chip sample in January, so fry quality is unavailable for this month (Table 
8, Figure 21).  
 Table 
8. Russet Norkotah
 monthly fry quality pictures from Techmark Inc.
 Month 
     October 
 February 
 November 
 March
  December
  April
  January
  May  Figure 21:
 Russet Norkotah percent fry color for the 2019-
2020 storage season.
 Fry 
quality is: 
excellent (Munsell scores 0 and 1), acceptable (Munsell score 2), and 
unacceptable (Munsell scores 3 and 4).
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  0%10%20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%100%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
5/1/20
Percent
0 and 1
23 and 4
Payette Russet: 
This variety was evaluated monthly until June. It had a storage glucose profile lower 
than both check varieties and sucrose profile 
initially 
comparable
 to both checks until it rose in 
January
 (Figures 
22 and 23). Sugar ends were observed in February and were below 5% (Figure 24). Fry quality 
was excellent each month, with some acceptable 
fries
 in 
June
 (Figure 
25).  Table 
9. Payette
 Russet
 monthly fry quality pictures from Techmark Inc.
 Month 
     October 
 February 
 November 
 March
  December
  April
  January
  May  June 
  Figure 22: 
Payette Russet glucose concentrations for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.00
0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
4/8/20
5/8/20
Glucose %
Date
Payette Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
Figure 23: 
Payette Russet sucrose concentrations for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
   
Figure 24: 
Payette Russet sugar end percentages for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
 0.00
1.00

2.00
3.00
4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
4/8/20
5/8/20
Sucrose ( %x10)
Date
Payette Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
0%5%10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
5/1/20
6/1/20
Percent
Payette Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
Figure 2
5: Payette Russet percent fry color for the 2019-
2020 storage season.
 Fry quality 
is: excellent (Munsell scores 0 and 1), acceptable (Munsell score 2), and unacceptable 
(Munsell scores 3 and 4).
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   0%10%20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%100%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
5/1/20
6/1/20
Percent
0 and 1
23 and 4
Ranger Russet: 
This variety was evaluated monthly until April. It had a storage glucose profile very 
similar to Russet Norkotah and sucrose profile 
consistently higher than
 both checks (Figures 26 
and 2
7). 
Sugar ends were observed in the March and April samples, 12% at e
ach date 
(Figure 2
8). Fry quality was 
excellent each month, with some acceptable fries in 
April 
(Figure 29
).  Table 
10. Ranger 
Russet
 monthly fry quality pictures from Techmark Inc.
 Month 
     October 
 February 
 November 
 March
  December
  April
  January
  Figure 26: 
Ranger Russet glucose concentrations for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
   
Figure 27: 
Ranger Russet sucrose concentrations for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
 0.00
0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
Glucose %
Date
Ranger Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
0.00
0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
Sucrose ( %x10)
Date
Ranger Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
Figure 28: 
Ranger Russet sugar end percentages for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
  Figur
e 29: Ranger Russet percent fry color for the 2019-
2020 storage season.
 Fry quality 
is:
 excellent (Munsell scores 0 and 1), acceptable (Munsell score 2), and unacceptable 
(Munsell scores 3 and 4).
  0%5%10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
Percent
Ranger Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
0%10%20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%100%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
Percent
0 and 1
23 and 4
Russet Burbank: 
This variety was evaluated monthly until April. See individual varieties for 
comparisons on sucrose, glucose, and percent sugar 
defects. Fry quality was 
poorer compared to other 
varieties, with two samples containing unacceptable fries and only two samples of 
all 
excellent fries
 (Figure 
30).  
  Table 
11. Russet Burbank
 monthly fry quality pictures from Techmark Inc.
 Month 
     October 
 February 
 November 
 March
  December
  April
  January
  Figure 
30: Russet Burbank percent fry color for the 2019-
2020 storage season.
 Fry quality 
is:
 excellent (Munsell scores 0 and 1), acceptable (Munsell score 2), and unacceptable 
(Munsell scores 3 and 4).
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   0%10%20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%100%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
Percent
0 and 1
23 and 4
Umatilla Russet: 
This variety was evaluated monthly until June. It had a storage glucose profile 
between both check 
varieties and consistently elevated sucrose profile (Figures 31 and 32). Sugar ends 
were observed in January, February
, and April
 (Figure 33). Fry quality was excellent each month, with 
some acceptable fries in 
January and April
 (Figure 34). 
 Table 
12. Uma
tilla 
Russet
 monthly fry quality pictures from Techmark Inc.
 Month 
     October 
 February 
 November 
 March
  December
  April
  January
  May  June 
  Figure 31: 
Umatilla Russet glucose concentrations for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.00
0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
4/8/20
5/8/20
Glucose %
Date
Umatilla Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
Figure 32: 
Umatilla Russet sucrose concentrations for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
   
Figure 33: 
Umatilla Russet sugar end percentages for the 2019
-2020 storage season 
compared to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
 0.00
0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
4/8/20
5/8/20
Sucrose ( %x10)
Date
Umatilla Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
0%5%10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
5/1/20
6/1/20
Percent
Umatilla Russet
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
Figure 
34: Umatilla Russet percent fry color for the 2019
-2020 storage season.
 Fry quality 
is: excellent (Munsell scores 0 and 1), acceptable (Munsell score 2), and unacceptable 
(Munsell scores 3 and 4).
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   0%10%20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%100%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
5/1/20
6/1/20
Percent
0 and 1
23 and 4
Vanguard: 
This variety was 
evaluated monthly until April. It had a storage glucose profile between 
both check varieties and sucrose profile like both check varieties (Figures 35 and 36). Sugar ends were 
observed once in December (Figure 37). Fry quality was at least 60% excellent in
 all samples, with the 
lowest fry quality in February and April (Figure 38). 
 Table 
13. Vanguard
 monthly fry quality pictures from Techmark Inc.
 Month 
     October 
 February 
 November 
 March
  December
  April
  January
  Figure 35: 
Vanguard glucose concentrations for the 2019-2020 storage season compared 
to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
   
Figure 36: 
Vanguard sucrose concentrations for the 2019-2020 storage season compared 
to Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
 0.00
0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
Glucose %
Date
Vanguard
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20
10/8/19
11/8/19
12/8/19
1/8/20
2/8/20
3/8/20
4/8/20
Sucrose ( %x10)
Date
Vanguard
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
Figure 37: 
Vanguard sugar end percentages for the 2019-2020 storage season compared to 
Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. 
Figure 
38: Vanguard percent fry color for the 2019-2020 storage season. Fry quality is: 
excellent (Munsell scores 0 and 1), acceptable (Munsell
 score 2), and unacceptable 
(Munsell scores 3 and 4).
 0%5%10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
Percent
Vanguard
Russet Norkotah
Russet Burbank
0%10%20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%100%10/1/19
11/1/19
12/1/19
1/1/20
2/1/20
3/1/20
4/1/20
Percent
0 and 1
23 and 4
Phosphorus Use Guidelines for Potato Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition
 2020
 Kurt Steinke, Associate Professor and Extension Soil Fertility Specialist 
Jeff Rutan, Post-
doctoral Research Associate
 See 
soil.msu.edu
 for more information 
The l
ong-term goal of this study is to ensure soil fertility, optimal nutrient use, and profitability 
for potato growers while simultaneously reducing the risks for nutrient loss and improving water quality 
for all Michigan residents. Unnecessary P fertilizer applications are an economic loss for the grower and 
can become an environmental risk or contaminant within individual watersheds.
  Potato production has changed substantially even in the last 20+ years since the inception of 
the Tri
-State Fertilizer Recommendations. Major changes include: 1) newer varieties appear to have a 
smaller roo
ting system resulting in greater influence of sub-optimal growing conditions as compared to 
older varieties which tend to have a larger, more stable rooting system and thus more forgiving in sub-

optimal growing conditions, and 2) a larger percentage of production occurs on leased as compared to 
owned lands. As current and future production acres expand to more marginally productive soils, data 

on potato P response will be required to justify P applications. 
Project Purpose/Impact:
 1)Current potato producer P practices do not align with MSU guidelines causing many grower
operations to be non-compliant with nutrient GAAMPs and the inability to gain MAEAP
verification. The proposed field studies will specifically address potato P applications with regard to
confirming or revising nutrient GAAMPs as management practices, varieties and soil conditions
have changed since inception of the GAAMPs document.
2)A significant knowledge gap exists between P fertilizer additions and potato response. Soils within
Michigan often contain 2.5-3 times the recommended agronomic levels of soil test phosphorus and
this legacy P may impact all watersheds for several decades. The logistics of potato production (i.e.,
short-rooted, coarse textured soils, low nutrient holding capacity soil, irrigated, and high input high

value cropping system) create inherent obstacles with regard to P management. Strategies that

maximize P use efficiency yet simultaneously remain productive long-term through incremental
improvements in soil quality and di
sease suppression will be essential.
A review of the original objectives 
include:
 1.Conduct potato phosphorus (P) 
fertilizer response trials (0
-200 lb. P
2O5 per acre in 40 lb.
increments) at multiple residual soil P levels
 and across a range of soil pH.
2.Identify and update P concentration and crop removal values (tubers, petioles, leaves).
3.Build knowledge and support for programming focused on optimal P application guidelines and
revise MSU recommendations and nutrient GAAMPs if required.
4.Focus on integrating grower field operations with current and previously collected research farm
data and combine across data sets.
A summary of the p
roject
 activities a
nd milestones 
to date as related to each of the objectives listed 
above: 
1.To examine potato response to P application a 
total of 11 research trials were conducted from
2019 Π2020 across a range of soil pH (6.0 Π7.4)
, and 
residual 
soil test P (STP) levels 
[64
(deficient) to 210 (sufficient) mg kg
-1
 Bray
-P1] 
at both MSU research 
farm (MRF)
 and on-
farm
sites
. Despite 
limited in
-person activities due to Covid-19 in 2020, 4 of 4 on-
farm 
field studies 
(6P rates and 4 replications)
 were 
successfully 
completed 
in Michigan™s Lower Peninsula. 
Across
years,
 the Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Program effectively collaborated with
 growers and
the MSU Potato Outreach Program (POP) to implement 
on-farm trials at 4 sites 
in Three Rivers,
and 
2 sites each in Newberry,
 Cass City
, and Dundee, Michigan. Tuber grading included sorting,
counting, and weighing 
by market class. 
Post-
harvest
 soil samples were collected at either a
single or two depths 
to assess residual P
2O5 levels.
2.Similar to the 2019 season, 2020 potato plant petiole samples were collected at 30 and 45 days
after emergence (DAE) in addition to whole plants at the Dundee site 
64 DAE, 
which were
partitioned into tubers, stems, and leaflets for P content analysis. 
At 30 DAE
 (45 DAE)
,laboratory analyses indicated
 mean petiole P content was
 0.464 (0.345), 0.363 (0.227), 0.392
(0.516), and 0.315 (0.336) 
% across Dundee, Three Rivers I and II (STP=83 and 210 ppm,

respectively), and Cass City, respectively. 
When ordered greatest to least
, dry matter, P
2O5concent
ration and uptake occurred in tubers, leaflets, and stems (Table 1). 
Despite a lack of
response to P fertilization in t
ubers and leaflets, potato stem response was 
variable.
3.To assess potato P response, 
data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and
regression analysis. Petiole P conc. at 30 DAE was combined with 2019 data (11 site years total),
and 
preliminary Cate
-Nelson analyses
 indicated a critical P sufficiency conc. of 0.22 % 
P, in
harmony with MSU Ext. Bul. E486 recommendations. 
After tuber P 
conc.
 was analyzed in
 2020,values were combined across MRF (2019) and Dundee (2019-2020) sites and indicated mean

P2O5 content was 0.559 Π0.588 % which removed 0.109 Π0.115 pounds P
2O5 per CWT (Table
2). Tuber P removal values were compared to the reported value (0.13 lb P
2O5 cwt
-1
, MSU Ext.
Bul. E2904; 2019 Michigan nutrient utilization GAAMPS). Analysis of residual STP levels

taken at two depths (0 to 4 in and 4 to 8 in) indicated increased STP at the 
MSU research farm in
2019 only 
when P application rates exceeded 80 lbs 
P2O5 ac-1
 (Table 3). Total tuber yield
response to P fertilizer was variable 2019 to 2020 with increased tuber yield at 50% of P-

deficient sites (<75 ppm Bray
-P1), and 43% of P-
sufficient sites. Multiple regression analysis
indicated that preplant soil tem
perature and soil test zinc levels affected relative yield response to
P fertilizer application. 
In 2020, A
NOVA and regression analysis 
indicated t
otal tuber yield
responded to P fertilizer 
when preplant STP levels were deficient (i.e.
 <75 ppm Bray-P1), 
and
optimized with a 
P2O5 rate of 
87 lbs ac
-1
 (Tables 4 to 6
).4.Effective communication between MSU personnel and growers enabled on-
farm visits for data
collection and tuber harvests. To generate data in a 
production environment, research trials were
established within grower fields and managed by the grower in harmony with 
the 
production

area.
 Starter P placements used 
with growers™ on-farm equipment 
were 
mirrored
 at Dundee and
MRF research sites, and enabled
 application of research methods. Total tuber yields 
collected
 atMRF
 in 2019 were combined with previous years (2014-16, 2018), and optimized with 44 lbs 
P2O5 ac-1
 across STP levels 128
-312 ppm. 
A summary of upcoming p
roject
 activities
 as related to each of the objectives listed above
: 
1.No further research will be conducted. Field activities were concluded in autumn 2020 with 11
research trials conducted from 2019 Π2020. 
Assistance received from growers and the MSU
POP enabled successfu
l execution of on-
farm studies
, and generated a framework of
communication and coordination which can enable future collaboration.
2.All samples have been analyzed, and data compiled. Phosphorus concentration and crop removal
values (tubers, petioles, and leaves) have been identified. No further analyses need be completed
as final results are being drafted
 into publication format.
3.Current data will be shared w
ith the Michigan Potato Industry Commission. Additionally, final
results
 will be shared with
 growers and industry a
s results are being compared to
 MSU
recommendations and to nutrient GAAMPs 
with final r
evisions planned for 2021.
4.Data generated in 2019 and 2020 were compiled and 
analyzed
 across data sets (see above)
 for
various 
measurements
. Additional 
yield data generated
 prior to 2019 at the MRF 
research site
were integrated to enable calculation of an optimal P rate with regression analysis.
Table 
1. Effect of phosphorus (P) application rate at potato senescence on ‚Tablestock™ potato dry matter 
production, P concentration, and P uptake analyzed 
partitioned into
 tubers (T), stems (S), and leaflets 
(L)at Dundee, MI, 2020.
ŠDry Matter
Š ŠP2O5 Conc.
 Š ŠP2O5 Uptake
Š P rate
 T S L T S L T S L Šlbs P
2O5 ac-1Š ton 
ac-1 percent (%)
 lbs 
ac-1 0 3.0
 0.3
 bƒ 0.6
 0.53
 0.23
 a 0.28
 31.7
 1.3
 c 3.5
 40 3.3
 0.4
 ab 0.7
 0.54
 0.25
 a 0.32
 34.5
 1.9
 ab 4.2
 80 7.8
 0.4
 a 0.8
 0.55
 0.23
 a 0.28
 37.9
 1.9
 abc
 4.1
 120 3.5
 0.4
 a 0.8
 0.54
 0.24
 a 0.31
 36.7
 2.1
 a 4.9
 160 3.2
 0.4
 a 0.7
 0.52
 0.20
 b 0.28
 33.3
 1.5
 bc 4.0
 200 3.6
 0.4
 a 0.7
 0.54
 0.23
 a 0.32
 38.6
 2.1
 a 4.2
 Pr > F
 0.28
 0.10
 0.40
 0.93
 0.05
 0.63
 0.15
 0.05
 0.52
 ƒValues followed by the same letter are not sig. different at alpha=0.1.
 Table 
2. Effect of 
phosphorus (P) application rate at potato senescence on tuber P
2O5 concentration and 
removal analyzed across ‚chipping™ and ‚tablestock™ potato types at Lakeview (2019) and Dundee (2019 
to 2020), MI. 
Tuber
 Tuber
 P rate
 P2O5 Conc.
 P2O5 Removal
 Šlbs P
2O5 ac-1Š Percent (%)
 P2O5 CWT
-1 0 0.586 a
ƒ 0.115 a
 40 0.559 a
 0.109 a
 80 0.588 a
 0.115 a
 120 0.561 a
 0.111 a
 160 0.571 a
 0.114 a
 200 0.586 a
 0.113 a
 ANOVA
 Site Year (SY)
 0.0001
 <0.0001
 P Rate (PR)
 0.4117
 0.6225
 SY x PR
 0.3332
 0.6420
 ƒValues followed by the same letter are not sig. different at alpha=0.1.
 Table 3
. Residual soil test phosphorus (P) (Bray-P1) as affected by P application rate collected prior to 
potato tub
er harvest at the Michigan State University Montcalm Research Farm
 (2019) and Dundee 
(2019-2020), 
MI.
 P rate
 MRF, 2019
 Dundee, 2019
 Dundee, 2020
 (P2O5) 0-4fl4-8fl0-4fl4-8fl0-4fl4-8fllbs ac
-1 ŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠ
mg kg soil
-1ŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠ
 0 174 bcƒ 176 a 134 a 120 a 194 a 150 a 40 176 bc 147 a 135 a 102 a 194 a 137 a 80 160 c 138 a 142 a 115 a 195 a 148 a 120 226 ab 171 a 145 a 119 a 179 a 178 a 160 210 abc
 179 a 155 a 136 a 206 a 148 a 200 255 a 170 a 158 a 113 a 211 a 179 a Pr > F
 0.0860
 0.7116
 0.4857
 0.4485
 0.8673
 0.8191
 ƒValues followed by the same letter are not 
sig. different at alpha=0.1.
 Table 
4. ‚Chipping™ potato tuber yield as affected by phosphorus (P) application rate, and separated by 
tuber size (i.e., B, A, total) at two soil test P levels in Three Rivers, MI, 2020. 
P rate
 STP=83 ppm
ƒ STP=210 ppm
 B™s
 A™s
 Total
 B™s
 A™s
 Total
 Šlbs P
2O5 ac-1 Š ŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠ
CWT ac
-1ŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠ
 0 34.7
 b⁄ 404.2
 a 473.4
 a 23.5
 a 510.2
 a 554.3
 a 40 35.0
 b 387.0
 a 451.8
 a 18.7
 a 512.4
 a 554.4
 a 80 41.9
 ab 413.4
 a 475.6
 a 26.1
 a 591.5
 a 637.8
 a 120 43.5
 ab 447.9
 a 510.9
 a 27.0
 a 630.8
 a 688.0
 a 160 51.2
 a 429.8
 a 503.7
 a 26.9
 a 601.2
 a 656.1
 a 200 48.5
 a 441.5
 a 502.0
 a 31.5
 a 549.8
 a 596.7
 a Pr > F
 0.0818
 0.1842
 0.2872
 0.4051
 0.3227
 0.2694
 ƒBray
-P1 soil P extractant
. 
⁄Values followed by the same letter are not sig. different at alpha=0.1.
 Table 
5. ‚Tablestock™ potato tuber yield as affected by phosphorus (P) application rate, separated by 
tuber size (i.e., B, A, total), and soil test P=171 ppm in Dundee, MI, 2020.
 P rate
 Yield
 B™s
 A™s
 Total
 Šlbs P
2O5 ac-1Š ŠŠŠŠ
CWT ac
-1ŠŠŠŠ
 0 45.7
 aƒ 374.4
 a 430.7
 a 40 39.6
 a 411.7
 a 462.2
 a 80 45.3
 a 422.7
 a 483.7
 a 120 58.5
 a 366.6
 a 437.5
 a 160 46.2
 a 395.3
 a 454.5
 a 200 43.7
 a 424.6
 a 481.1
 a Pr > F
 0.1134
 0.5881
 0.6961
 ƒValues 
followed by the same letter are not sig. different at alpha=0.1.
 Table 
6. ‚Chipping™ potato tuber yield as affected by phosphorus (P) application rate, separated by tuber 
size (i.e., B, A, total), and soil test P=64 ppm in Cass City, MI, 2020. 
P rate
 Yie
ld B™s
 A™s
 Total
 Šlbs P
2O5 ac-1Š ŠŠŠŠŠ
CWT ac
-1ŠŠŠŠŠ
 0 53.0
 aƒ 329.3
 b 384.7
 b 40 57.6
 a 318.6
 b 378.6
 b 80 59.6
 a 390.7
 a 451.5
 a 120 49.7
 a 389.3
 a 441.0
 a 160 53.4
 a 387.1
 a 441.7
 a 200 57.3
 a 329.8
 a 452.2
 a Pr > F
 0.8874
 0.0057
 0.0128
 ƒValues followed by the same letter are not sig. different at alpha=0.1.