Michigan State University AgBioResearch In Cooperation With Michigan Potato Industry Commission Michigan Potato Research Report Volume 55 2023 Michigan Potato Industry Commission • 3515 West Rd. Ste. A, East Lansing, MI, 48823 517-253-7370 • info@mipotato.com • mipotatoindustry.com January 5, 2024 To all Michigan Potato Growers and Shippers, The Michigan Potato Industry Commission continues to provide over $183,000 in direct funding on an annual basis for potato research. This research is one of the core components that continue to move the Michigan potato industry forward. Expanding research has provided increased insights into varieties, disease, soil fertility, and storage management. Research outcomes continue to provide a competitive advantage for the industry in Michigan and to provide Michigan with a highly respected reputation among the national industry professionals. The following research report was compiled with the help of the Michigan State University AgBioResearch and Michigan State University Extension. On behalf of all parties, we are proud to present you with the results of the 2023 potato research projects. We hope that each of you finds value in the investment made in these projects and can apply some of the results directly to strengthen your own operation. We would like to thank our many suppliers, researchers, and industry partners who are involved in making this year’s research season a success even on the heels of a global pandemic. As the industry faces new challenges and strives to improve upon best practices, we are inspired by the level of cooperation within the industry and look forward to future success together. Sincerely, Dr. Kelly Turner, Ed. D, CAE Executive Director i Table of Contents Page Introduction and Acknowledgements 1 2023 On-Farm Potato Variety Trials C. Long, T. VanAtta, A. Sardarbekov, I. Smith, B.M. Schroeter, J. Graves, D.S. Douches, J. DeDecker 5 Investigating Integrated Weed Management Strategies for Potatoes E. Burns 54 Manure-based Amendments as Promoters of Beneficial Soil Microbiome for Sustainable PED Management M. Quintanilla 58 Impacts of Phosphorous Programs on Potato Tuber Set and Yield K. Steinke, A. Chomas 66 Potash and Chloride: Plant Uptake and Effects on Potato Production K. Steinke, A. Chomas 68 Diagnostic Optimization of Viral Detection and Characterization of Potato Virus Y for the Michigan Seed Potato Certification Program M. Satoh-Cruz, S. Rhodes, D. Kurzer, E. Dorman, J.F. Willbur 70 Assessment of Variety Resistance to Four Postharvest Diseases of Potato in Michigan, 2023 S. Ruth, E. Schlachter, D.S. Douches, C. Long, J.F. Willbur 73 Investigating the Use of Impaction Samples and qPCR Methods for Detection of Foliar Pathogens in Potato Fields, 2023 S. Ruth, C. Long, S. Whittington, M. Satoh-Cruz, J.F. Willbur 77 Evaluation of Seed Treatment and In-Furrow Fungicides to Manage Pythium Leak of Potato in Michigan, 2023 C. Bloomingdale, J.F. Willbur 80 Evaluation of In-Furrow and Foliar Fungicides to Manage Foliar Diseases of Potato in Michigan, 2023 C. Bloomingdale, J.F. Willbur 81 ii Investigate the Effect of Irrigation Thresholds on Potato Yield, Water Use Efficiency, and Disease Potential Y. Dong, J. Willbur, C. Long 83 Develop a Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) Degree Day Model on the MSU Enviroweather Website Z. Szendrei 86 2023 Michigan Potato Breeding and Genetics Research Report D.S. Douches, J. Coombs, K. Zarka, G. Steere, M. Zuehlke, D. Zarka, J. Norling, M. Whyte, W. Behling 87 2023 Potato Variety Evaluations D.S. Douches, J. Coombs, K. Zarka, G. Steere, M. Zuehlke, K. Shaw, J. Norling, C. Long, J. Willbur, W. Behling 102 2022-2023 Michigan Potato Demonstration Storage Annual Report 131 Introduction C. Long, T. VanAtta, and A. Sardarbekov 131 New Chip Processing Variety Box Bin Report C. Long, T. VanAtta, A. Sardarbekov and B. Sackett 142 Bulk Bin (500 cwt. Bin) Report C. Long, T. VanAtta, A. Sardarbekov and B. Sackett 146 iii 2023 MICHIGAN POTATO RESEARCH REPORT C. M. Long, Coordinator INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The 2023 Potato Research Report contains reports of the many potato research projects conducted by Michigan State University (MSU) potato researchers at several locations. The 2023 report is the 55th volume, which has been prepared annually since 1969. This volume includes research projects funded by the Potato Special Federal Grant, the Michigan Potato Industry Commission (MPIC), Project GREEEN and numerous other sources. The principal source of funding for each project has been noted in each report. We wish to acknowledge the excellent cooperation of the Michigan potato industry and the MPIC for their continued support of the MSU potato research program. We also want to acknowledge the significant impact that the funds from the Potato Special Federal Grant have had on the scope and magnitude of potato related research in Michigan. Many other contributions to MSU potato research have been made in the form of fertilizers, pesticides, seed, supplies and monetary grants. We also recognize the tremendous cooperation of individual producers who participate in the numerous on-farm projects. It is this dedicated support and cooperation that makes for a productive research program for the betterment of the Michigan potato industry. We further acknowledge the professionalism of the MPIC Research Committee. The Michigan potato industry should be proud of the dedication of this committee and the keen interest they take in determining the needs and direction of Michigan's potato research. Special thanks goes to Mathew Klein for his management of the MSU Montcalm Research Center (MRC) and the many details which are a part of its operation. We also want to recognize Trina VanAtta, MSU for organizing and compiling this final draft. WEATHER The overall 6-month average maximum and minimum temperatures during the 2023 growing season were consistent with the 15-year averages at 74oF and 49oF respectively (Table 1). April through June had slightly warmer temperatures than the maximum average. All other months were consistent with or slightly cooler than the 15-year averages. Daytime extreme heat events were below average in 2023 with no time in which temperatures exceeded 90oF during the summer. Extreme high nighttime temperatures were also below average in 2023, with 47 hours of nighttime temperatures above 70oF over 18 days, compared to the seven-year average of 110 hours over 25 days (Table 3). Rainfall for April through September was 19.59 inches, which was 0.96 inches above the 15-year average (Table 2). A total of 5.5 inches of irrigation water over 8 applications was applied to Comden 1 between late May and late August. In general, May, June, and September were drier than average while April, July, and August had more precipitation than average. Table of Contents 1 Table 1. The 15-year summary of average maximum and minimum temperatures (°F) during the growing season at the Montcalm Research Center.* 6-Month April May June July August September Average Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. 56 33 67 45 76 54 75 53 76 56 74 49 71 48 64 33 70 49 77 57 83 62 82 61 69 50 74 52 53 33 68 48 77 56 85 62 79 58 70 48 72 51 58 33 73 48 84 53 90 62 82 55 74 46 77 50 51 33 73 48 77 55 81 58 80 54 73 48 73 49 55 33 68 45 78 57 77 54 79 56 72 47 73 49 58 33 71 48 76 54 80 56 77 57 77 54 72 49 53 32 70 45 78 53 82 60 85 60 78 54 73 51 61 39 67 44 78 55 81 58 77 54 77 50 74 50 55 33 81 46 84 58 88 64 84 63 76 52 78 53 55 35 65 45 75 54 84 69 80 55 73 54 72 52 56 29 76 35 77 54 81 68 78 60 70 48 73 49 58 35 69 41 80 58 81 58 85 59 76 50 75 50 51 33 71 45 79 55 81 58 79 58 71 52 72 50 59 36 72 42 80 52 80 58 77 56 74 52 74 49 Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 15-Year Average 56 34 71 45 78 55 82 60 80 57 74 50 73 50 Table 2. The 15-year summary of precipitation (inches per month) recorded during the growing season at the Montcalm Research Center* Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 15-Year Average April 3.94 1.59 3.42 2.35 7.98 4.24 3.71 2.25 4.45 2.04 2.64 3.49 1.71 3.44 3.07 May 2.15 3.68 3.08 0.98 4.52 5.51 2.96 2.77 1.98 5.51 5.46 4.75 2.18 2.67 0.45 June 2.43 3.21 2.38 0.99 2.26 3.25 4.79 1.33 6.37 3.64 2.9 1.4 5.58 1.59 2.78 July 2.07 2.14 1.63 3.63 1.35 3.71 1.72 3.42 0.92 1.19 2.04 4.07 4.79 3.37 8.12 August 4.74 2.63 2.57 3.31 4.06 1.78 2.42 5.35 1.36 7.73 3.31 2.21 3.52 6.56 3.68 September 1.49 1.88 1.84 0.76 1.33 2.35 3.9 3.05 0.70 2.65 5.72 3.12 3.71 2.19 1.49 Total 16.82 15.13 14.92 12.02 21.5 20.84 19.50 18.17 15.78 22.76 22.07 19.04 21.49 19.82 19.59 3.35 3.24 2.99 2.94 3.68 2.41 18.63 Table of Contents 2 Table 3. Seven-year heat stress summary (from May 1st – Sept. 30th)* o Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Average Temperatures > 90 F Hours Days 14 3 11 4 0 0 12 3 0 0 11 2 0 0 7 2 Night (10pm-8am) Temperatures > 70o F Hours 80 123 104 123 168 123 47 110 Days 18 31 20 30 35 26 18 25 GROWING DEGREE DAYS Table 4 summarizes the cumulative growing degree days (GDD) for 2023 while providing historical data from 2011-2023. GDD are presented from May 1st – September 30th using the Baskerville-Emin method with a base temperature of 40oF. The total GDD base 40 at the end of September in 2023 was 3707 (Table 4), which is 113 GDD lower than the 13-year average of 3820. Table 4. Growing Degree Days* - Base 40°F. Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Average Cumulative Monthly Totals May June July August September 567 1354 2388 3270 3848 652 1177 2280 3153 3762 637 1421 2334 3179 3798 522 1340 2120 2977 3552 604 1353 2230 3051 3789 547 1318 2263 3274 4053 480 1279 2202 2990 3695 689 1487 2423 3373 4073 457 1189 2179 3024 3731 488 1298 2331 3241 3809 494 1362 2276 3269 3956 625 1434 2345 3240 3892 531 1301 2196 3024 3707 561 1332 2274 3159 3820 *2011-2023 data from the weather station at MSU Montcalm Research Center “Enviro-weather”, Michigan Weather Station Network, Entrican, MI. Table of Contents 3 PREVIOUS CROPS, TILLAGE AND FERTILIZERS The general potato research area utilized in 2023 was Montcalm Research Center property in the field referred to as ‘Comden 1.’ This acreage was planted to oats in the spring of 2022 with crop residue disked into the soil in fall and sprayed off in the spring of 2023. In the spring of 2023, the recommended rate of potash was broadcast applied following deep chisel plowing. The ground was vertical tilled and direct planted to potatoes. The area was not fumigated with Vapam prior to potato planting, but Admire Pro® was applied in-furrow at planting. The soil test analysis for the general crop area (taken in November 2022) was as follows: pH 6.4 P 248 (124 ppm) K 164 (82 ppm) lbs/A Ca 1152 (576 ppm) Mg 186 (93 ppm) The fertilizers used in the general plot area are as follows (fertilizer variations used for specific research projects are included in the individual project reports). Application Broadcast at plow down At-planting At-cultivation At-hilling Late side dress (late varieties) Analysis Rate 0-0-22-11Mg-22S 0-0-0-21Ca-16S 0-0-0-21Ca-12Mg 10%B 0-0-62 0-0-0-18Zn 28-0-0 10-34-0 28-0-0 10-34-0 15.5-0-0-19Ca 46-0-0 300 lbs/A 500 lbs/A 300 lbs/A 12 lbs/A 375 lbs/A 1 gal/A 13 gpa 7 gpa 40 gpa 20 gpa 360 lbs/A 100 lbs/A Nutrients (N-P2O5-K2O-Ca/Mg/S/Zn) 0-0-66-33Mg-66S 0-0-0-105Ca-80S 0-0-0-63Ca-36Mg 1.2 lb. B 0-0-233 1.9 lb. Zn 21-6-0 14-49-0 118-0-0 21-71-0 56-0-0-68Ca 46-0-0 HERBICIDES AND PEST CONTROL A pre-emergence application of Linex4l/Dual II at 1.25 qts/A was made in late May. Matrix SG was applied in-furrow at planting at a rate of 1 fl oz/A. Post emergence, Tricor/Dual II was applied in late June at 1.25 qts/A. Assail 30sg was applied in mid-June at 15 gal/A and Besiege were applied in late June at 7 fl oz/A. Potato vines were desiccated with Reglone in early September at a rate of 32 oz/A. Table of Contents 4 Funding: Federal Grant, MPIC and Potatoes USA/SNAC 2023 On-Farm Potato Variety Trials Chris Long, Trina VanAtta, Azamat Sardarbekov, Ian Smith, Bernard M. Schroeter, Johnny Graves, Dr. Dave Douches Cooperator: James DeDecker (Presque Isle Co.) INTRODUCTION Our main objectives for on-farm potato variety trials are to: 1) identify promising lines for further testing and evaluation, 2) conduct larger scale commercial agronomic and processing trials through multi-acre block plantings, and 3) use trial data to encourage the commercialization of new varieties in the state of Michigan. We share our results with growers, breeders, and processors across the country to aid in the development of new varieties. In 2023, we conducted 33 on-farm potato variety trials with 12 growers in 11 counties. Processing trial cooperators were: 4-L Farms (Kalamazoo), Black Gold Farms (St. Joseph), Hampton Potato Growers (Bay), Lennard Ag. Co. (Branch, St. Joseph), Main Farms (Montcalm), Sandyland Farms (Montcalm), Verbrigghe Farms (Delta), and Walther Farms, Inc. (St. Joseph). We also conducted processing trials at the Michigan State University (MSU) Montcalm Research Center (Montcalm). The Potatoes USA/Snacking Nutrition and Convenience International (SNAC Int.) chip trial was conducted at Sandyland Farms (Montcalm). Fresh market trial cooperators were: 4-L Farms (Kalamazoo), Elmaple Farms (Kalkaska), Horkey Bros. (Monroe), Jenkins Farms (Kalkaska), Kitchen Farms, Inc. (Antrim), Lennard Ag. Co. (St. Joseph), Styma Potato Farms (Presque Isle), Verbrigghe Farms (Delta), and Walther Farms, Inc. (St. Joseph, Tuscola) PROCEDURE A. Processing Variety Trials We evaluated 90 chip processing varieties in 2023. To evaluate selected processing lines, we used the following check varieties: Atlantic, Lamoka, and Snowden. For all trials, we used 10” in-row seed spacing and 34” rows (Table 2). Most of our processing trials were strip trials. These trials consisted of a single 75’ strip for each variety of which we harvested and graded a single 23-ft section. For each variety in the Walther Farms, Inc. trials, we planted three 15-ft long rows and harvested the center row. We also conducted multi-acre block plantings of promising, non-commercialized trials at Black Gold Farms, Sackett Potatoes, Sandyland Farms, Lennard Ag. Co., and Walther Farms Three Rivers and Cass City locations. Agronomic production practices for these block plantings varied based on each grower’s production system. Table of Contents 5 B. Processing Variety Trials We conducted the Potatoes USA/SNAC Int. Trial for Michigan at Sandyland Farms, LCC (Montcalm County). We planted ten varieties in 300’ strips and harvested three 23-ft sections of row for each variety. Our check varieties were ‘Lamoka’ and ‘Snowden’ (Tables 3 to 7). For more details on this trial, please reference the 2023 annual report published by Potatoes USA. C. Fresh Market Trials Within the fresh market trials, we evaluated 148 primary entries (this does not include entries from Potatoes USA/NFPT trial) which included: 53 russet, 26 red, 56 yellow, 5 novelty, and 8 round white types (Tables 9 and 10). To evaluate selected table-stock lines, we used the following check varieties: Red: Dark Red Norland Round White: Reba, Superior Russet: Goldrush, Russet Norkotah, Silverton Russet, Russet Burbank Yellow: Yukon Gold Novelty: Blackberry We planted all trials with 34” wide rows and 10” in-row seed spacing. We evaluated most of the fresh market trials as strip trials. These trials consisted of a single 75’ strip for each variety of which we harvested and graded a single 23-ft section. We planted the NFPT trial at Walther Farms, Inc. as single 15’ long strips and harvested the entire strip (Table 11). 2023 was the fifth year conducting an early generation tablestock variety trial with red skin, white flesh, and yellow skin potato varieties. This trail was planted and harvested like the NFPT trial and took place at Walther Farms, Inc (Table 12). We planted Walther Farms, Inc. trials with three 15-ft rows and harvested the middle row. We also conducted multi-acre block plantings of promising, non-commercialized trials at Styma Potato Farms, Lennard Ag. Co., Kitchen Farms and Walther Farms Three Rivers. Agronomic production practices for these block plantings varied based on each grower’s production system. RESULTS A. Processing Variety Trial Results We recorded general descriptions, pedigrees, and scab ratings for all varieties tested in 2023 (Table 1) and evaluated these varieties based on yield, specific gravity, internal quality, common scab ratings, and maturity (Table 2). Below are four superior processing varieties from 2023. MSDD247-11: This Michigan State University variety had been evaluated for two years, most recently at five locations in 2023. It had a slightly below average yield of 443 cwt/A US#1 tubers in 2023 with 90% A-sized tubers and 8% B-sized tubers. The specific gravity of 1.089 was above the trial average of 1.080. The common scab rating was 0.5, below the trial average. No stem end defect was observed during chipping after harvest, making MSDD247-11 desirable for chip processing. The vine vigor was higher than average, but the plant matured earlier than other evaluated in 2023. The tubers had deeper eyes and an attractive round type. Table of Contents 6 NY174: This Cornell University variety was evaluated at six locations in 2023 and has been under evaluation by the Potato Outreach Program since 2021. The US#1 yield of 582 cwt/A was above average, as was the total yield of 647 cwt/A. There were 90% A-sized tubers and no oversized potatoes, a desirable quality for chip processing. The specific gravity of 1.082 was slightly above average. Internal quality was very good with only seven percent vascular discoloration and no other defects. The common scab rating and stem end defect score were both consistent with the trial average. The fresh chip quality was excellent with attractive bright chips. Storage chip quality in the Box Bin trial is also promising with consistently attractive chips and limited chip defects. This early maturing variety had a flat round to oval type with heavier netted skin. AF6565-8: This University of Maine variety was evaluated at eight locations in 2023. It had a very high US#1 and total yield of 585 cwt/A and 637 cwt/A, respectively. It had a high percentage of A sized tubers with only one percent each of oversize and pickout tubers. The specific gravity of 1.082 was above the trial average of 1.080. The fresh chip score and stem end defect score were both below the trial average with good chip quality observed. The tuber appearance was variable with some deeper eyes observed. Vine vigor and maturity in AF6565-8 were both consistent with the trial average. Internal quality was good with only six percent vascular discoloration observed in 2023. This variety is in the Box Bin trial and currently displays excellent chip quality. NY179: This Cornell University variety was evaluated at eight locations in 2023 and has been in Michigan variety trials since 2021 with a total of 24 trial entries. It had an above average yield of 584 cwt/A and total yield of 644 cwt/A. There were 10% B-sized tubers present but no oversized tubers, which is an acceptable size profile for the processing industry. Specific gravity was 1.080 at the trial average. Internal quality was good with no internal brown spot or brown center observed and less than five percent hollow heart and vascular discoloration. The fresh chip color score of 1.1 was good, and the stem end defect score of 0.3 was below the trial average. NY179 is common scab susceptible and had a higher incidence than average in 2023 across all locations. This variety has a moderately vigorous vine and mid-season vine maturity. The tubers had medium netted skin and a long oval type. It will be further evaluated in storage in the Box Bin trial. B. Potatoes USA/SNAC Int. Chip Trial In 2023, we conducted the Potatoes USA / SNAC Int. Michigan chip trial at Sandyland Farms, LLC in Montcalm County. We compared yield, size distribution, and specific gravity of eight test varieties to Lamoka and Snowden (Table 3). We also evaluated at-harvest raw tuber quality (Table 4) and sent samples to Herr Foods, Inc. (Nottingham, PA) where potatoes were processed and scored for out of the field chip quality (Table 5). We assessed blackspot bruise susceptibility (Table 6), calculated stand and stem count (Table 8), and conducted pre-harvest panels for each variety (Tables 7A and B). The varieties with the highest US#1 yields were AF6200-4 and MSAFB635-15 with US#1 yields of 594 cwt/A and 544 cwt/A. AF6200-4 and Lamoka had the highest percentage of US #1 tubers, 95% and 93%. The average specific gravity of the trial was 1.085 (Table 3). AF6165-9 had 27% hollow heart, the highest incidence in the trial. NY174, NY177, and AF6200-3 had excellent internal quality with all defects at or below the trial mean (Table 4). Samples collected on October 10th were processed by Herr’s Foods, Inc. on October 16th. NY174 Table of Contents 7 was ranked first by Herrs with a SNAC color of 2.0 and 17.1% total defects. AF6200-4 was ranked last with a higher and less desirable SNAC score of 3.0 and 52.9% total defects (Table 5). Black spot bruise assessments demonstrated that NY174 and MSAFB635-15 were most resistant to black spot bruising, while NY177 and AF6200-4 were most susceptible (Table 6). AF6200-4 produced the largest tubers with an average tuber weight of 6.8 oz/tuber, while NY177 had the smallest tubers with an average weight of 3.8 oz/tuber. AF6165-9 had 5.1 stems per plant, the highest in the trial, while NY177 had 3.3 stems per plant, the lowest in the trial (Table 8). C. Fresh Market and Variety Trial Results We recorded general descriptions, pedigrees, and scab ratings for all fresh market varieties evaluated in 2023 (Table 8) and assessed these varieties based on yield, specific gravity, internal quality, common scab ratings, and maturity (Tables 9 and 10). The NFPT and Early Generation Tablestock trials screen potato selections under initial evaluation. In 2023, 60 NFPT-designated russet varieties and an additional 33 russet selections were evaluated (Table 11). Continued evaluation of these varieties are determined based on national performance. In total, 59 red skin potato varieties from Cornell University, University of Maine, Michigan State University, Colorado State University, Texas A & M University, and North Dakota State University potato breeding programs were grown in Michigan. Of these, 18 varieties were chosen for continued evaluation in Michigan (Table 12). They were be grown in 15-foot plots in 2023. Below are top performing russet, yellow, red, white, and novelty fresh pack varieties. All varieties evaluated in 2023, including pedigrees, scab score, and characteristics are listed in Table 13. Russets A08433-4sto: This USDA Idaho variety was evaluated at ten locations in 2023 and has been under evaluation since 2016. It had the third highest yield in the trial, 557 cwt/A US#1 tubers, and 689 cwt/A total yield. The tuber size profile was very large with 18% oversize tubers, higher than the trial average of 14%, but this may be successfully managed with cultural practices during the growing season. Internal quality was acceptable with the higher-than-average hollow heart incidence related to the higher proportion of oversize potatoes. The specific gravity was average for the trial. The tubers were attractive with appealing lighter russet skin. A08433-4sto has consistently displayed agronomic and visual appeal in Michigan research trials. A12327-5VR: During its third year under evaluation, this USDA Idaho variety was planted at six locations in 2023. It had a very high US#1 yield of 616 cwt/A, the second highest in the trial. This was due to its very large tuber type with 42% A-sized tubers and 49% oversized tubers. The specific gravity of 1.075 was slightly below average. Despite the larger tuber size, internal quality was good with only five percent hollow heart observed in 2023. The common scab score was lower than average, indicating potential tolerance to the pathogen. The tubers had deeper eyes, darker skin, and moderate alligator hide. AF6377-10: This University of Maine variety had a high US#1 yield of 499 cwt/A and 95% US#1 tubers. Due to the larger tuber size profile, 40% of tubers were oversized. The specific gravity of 1.073 was below the trial average of 1.077. Internal quality was good despite the larger tuber size, with no hollow heart and only five percent vascular discoloration observed in 2023. There was no incidence of common scab across the four Table of Contents 8 locations evaluated in 2023, suggesting potential tolerance to the pathogen. Some tubers had slight alligator hide and skinning, but the oblong blocky type was consistent and attractive. Portage Russet: This University of Wisconsin entry has recently been named and released, it was evaluated as W13A11229-1Rus. It has been evaluated in Michigan for five years and was in ten trials in 2023. It had above average US#1 and total yields, with 70% A-sized tubers, nine percent oversize tubers, and 16% B-sized tubers. The specific gravity of 1.082 was above the trial average. Internal quality was acceptable with 13% hollow heart and eight percent vascular discoloration. The tubers had some sticky stolons, lighter russet skin, and a few tubers were pointed. Yellow Flesh Colomba: This yellow-fleshed variety had the third highest #1 yield of 599 cwt/A with 91% US #1 tubers in seven trials. The specific gravity of 1.055 was below the trial average of 1.068. Internal quality was excellent with six percent vascular discoloration and one percent internal brown spot. The waxiness and flesh color scores were both higher than the trial averages. Colomba had a longer type, slightly netted skin, and some deeper eyes. It has consistently displayed good agronomic and visual traits over the past four years under evaluation. MSGG093-11Y: This Michigan State University was evaluated at six locations for the first time in 2023. It had an above average US#1 yield of 582 cwt/A with 87% A-sized tubers. The specific gravity of 1.071 was above the trial average, and internal quality was excellent with only five percent brown center observed in 2023. Yellow skin waxiness and flesh color were both above average. The blocky round to oval tubers had light netted skin and a nice appearance. The vine maturity was slightly below average in 2023. W13103-2Y: This University of Wisconsin variety had an above average total and US#1 yield with 88% A-sized tubers. It was evaluated at seven locations in 2023, the second year in Michigan trials. The specific gravity of 1.061 was below the trial average. Internal quality was excellent with one percent vascular discoloration. Common scab incidence was slightly above the trial average, suggesting potential susceptibility. The tubers were round to oval with good visual appeal. The waxiness and flesh color were both rated above the trial average. Montana: This variety has been evaluated by the Potato Outreach Program since 2021 and was observed at seven locations in 2023. It has a smaller tuber size profile than average with 24% B-sized potatoes, but a high US#1 yield of 503 cwt/A and total yield of 657 cwt/A. Internal quality was excellent with only one percent vascular discoloration and brown center observed. Both the yellow skin waxiness and yellow flesh color were rated much higher than average due to the excellent visual appeal of the tubers. The tubers were oval to oblong with some greening. Table of Contents 9 Red Skin NDAF113484B-1: This variety has been under evaluation in Michigan since 2018 and was planted at two locations in 2023. It had the second highest yield of red skin tablestock entries with 525 cwt/A US#1 yield and 582 cwt/A total yield. There were 90% A-sized tubers, much higher than average. The internal quality was excellent with no defects observed. The vine was larger and more vigorous than average but had an earlier and therefore more desirable vine maturity. Waxiness, skin color, and skin color uniformity were all rated above average compared to other red skin tablestock varieties. The tubers had a blocky round type with slight skinning. NDTX050169-1R: This variety was evaluated for the first time in 2023 at two locations. The yield was below average with 246 cwt/A US#1 yield and 347 cwt/A total yield. The tubers were smaller than average with 23% B-sized potatoes. Internal quality and common scab ratings were both excellent, with no defects or scab observed. NDTX050169-1R had high visual appeal with above average skin color and skin color uniformity ratings. Skin waxiness was slightly lower than average. The tubers had some sticky stolons, a consistent type, and attractive appearance. Round White 05.6556.1: This Real Potatoes varieties was evaluated at six locations in 2023. It had an above average total yield of 644 cwt/A with 84% A-sized tubers, above the trial average. The specific gravity of 1.048 was below the average of 1.068. Internal quality was excellent with one percent vascular discoloration observed. Vine vigor and vine maturity were consistent with the trial average. Skin waxiness was above average, and nice smooth bright skin was noted during grading. While tuber size was consistent, there was some variability in the tuber shape. Sifra: During the second year under evaluation, this HZPC entry was evaluated at seven locations. It has a very high US #1 and total yield, 562 cwt/A and 678 cwt/A, respectively. There were 81% US#1 tubers, consistent with the trial average. Internal quality was good with no defects observed. The tubers had a uniform flat oval appearance with a few sticky stolons. This variety has full season maturity. Volare: This entry had the highest US#1 yield of all round white tablestock potatoes in 2023 when evaluated across eight locations. The specific gravity of 1.058 was below the trial average, and internal defects were at or slightly higher than the trial average. The tubers were flattened oval with an attractive uniform appearance. The tubers have a desirable thin skin with minimal netting and slight to no skinning, contributing to a high visual appeal. Table of Contents 10 Novelty Blackberry: This Michigan State University selection had purple skin and flesh, and an above average yield of 411 cwt/A US #1 tubers. It produced 89% A sized tubers and 10% B sized tubers. Blackberry had no internal defects but was only evaluated at one location in 2023. Some tubers had chimeral eyes with white pigmentation, while most other tubers had consistent purple skin and deep purple flesh. It has full season vine maturity and a moderately vigorous vine. Table of Contents 11 Table 1. 2023 Chip Processing Variety Descriptions Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics AC13125-5W Saginaw Chipper 0.0 Nice bright round appearance, common scab resistant, early season vine maturity AF5933-4 Eva x AF4386-16 1.5 Smaller round uniform type, average yield, early season maturity AF6165-9 Beacon Chipper x AF290-5 2.0 Variable shape, flat type, common scab susceptible, average yield AF6200-4 Sebec x Tundra 1.2 AF6206-3 AF4386-16 x Lamoka 1.3 Bright skin, nice blocky round to oval type, high yield, common scab susceptible AF6552-2 NY148 x Lamoka 0.8 Light netted skin, blocky round type, average yield, later season maturity AF6555-2 NY148 x MSR1272 1.0 Small type, bright skin, surface scab, low yield, average maturity AF6565-8 WAF10131-19 x MSR127-2 0.9 Poor appearance, deeper eyes, blocky type, above average yield, average maturity AF6652-3 MSAFB626-5 x AF4648-2 0.4 Bright skin, variable type, above average yield, earlier maturity AF6655-1 MSR061-1 x NY152 0.6 Blocky round type, heavy netted skin, above average yield, earlier maturity Flat blocky round type, inconsistent shape, above average yield, mid-season maturity Table of Contents 12 2023 Processing Varieties Cont. Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics AF6665-3 NY132 x MSR127-2 1.0 Flat oval type, some pointed tubers, average yield, mid-season maturity AF6669-10 NY148 x AF5682-3 0.5 Bright skin, small round tubers, moderate common scab resistant, below average yield AF6671-10 NY148 x AF5549-1 0.3 Flat round type, moderate skinning, early maturity, above average yield AF6675-1 NY152 x B3054B-2 1.0 Heavy netted skin, blocky oval type, common scab susceptible, average yield AF6872-11 Pike x Manistee 1.5 Netted skin, blocky round type, pitted scab, average yield, earlier maturity AF6878-15 Tundra x AF5040-8 1.0 Misshapen pickouts, flat round type, common scab susceptible, above average yield AF6883-8 Tundra x AF5416-2 1.2 Light netted skin, flat oval type, average yield, early maturity, common scab susceptible AF6883-15 Tundra x AF5416-2 0.7 Variable appearance and skin finish, average yield, very early maturity AF6886-3 Waneta x Tundra 1.0 Blocky round type , average yield, early maturity AF6892-6 NY178 x Tundra 0.5 Round to oblong blocky type, netted skin, high yield, late maturity Table of Contents 13 2023 Processing Varieties Cont. Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics AF6894-12 AF4157-6 x Tundra 1.5 High yield, early maturity, light netted skin, round type AF6896-1 AF4552-5 x Pike 0.5 Below average yield, small flat round type, moderate growth crack, early maturity AF6898-1 AF4552-5 x NY128 0.3 Average yield, pointed tubers, trace heat knobs, early maturity AF6901-8 AF4648-2 x Nicolet 0.5 Below average yield, early maturity, bright skin color, round blocky type AF6911-4 MSAFB611-5 x NY152 1.5 Average yield, compressed shape, bright thin skin, mid-season maturity AF6969-3 University Of Maine 0.3 Bright, blocky round type, average yield, earlier maturity, moderate common scab resistant AF6978-1 NY121 x Nicolet 1.2 Later maturity, large flat type, skinning, average yield AF6979-3 NY121 x AF4552-5 0.5 Above average yield, variable skin finish, very early maturity AF6980-1 NY150 x Nicolet 0.2 Pointed tubers, variable skin and type, average yield, early maturity AR2018-07 Real Potatoes 1.7 Small type, dark skin, slight growth crack, average to above average yield, common scab susceptible Table of Contents 14 2023 Processing Varieties Cont. Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics Atlantic Wauseon x Lenape 1.5 Variable oval type, netted skin, average to above average yield, early maturity B3012-1 B2588-6 x B1829-5 0.7 Good internal quality, variable oval type, netted skin, average yield B3306-2 BTD0013-14 x BNC199-1 0.8 Average yield, oval to oblong type, light yellow flesh, good internal quality B3379-2 B3012-3 x B3044-2 0.8 Average to above average yield, light purple eyes, variable type, hollow heart B3379-6 B3012-3 x B3044-2 0.7 Purple eyes, blocky round type, average yield, moderate hollow heart B3381-4 B3172-3 x B2954-1 1.2 Uniform oval type, light yellow flesh, below average yield, hollow heart B3403-6 NY121 x B2489-6 2.0 High yield, nice type and appearance, scab susceptible, good internal quality B3471-1 BTD0013-44 x B1709-6 2.0 Below average yield, oval type, pitted scab, light netted skin, good internal quality Bliss NYE50-8 x NYE48-2 0.6 Small round type, bright skin, trace points, average yield, some vascular discoloration BNC549-1 NCB2497-17 x NCB2489-5 1.3 Low yield, common scab susceptible, smaller oval type, good internal quality Table of Contents 15 2023 Processing Varieties Cont. Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics BNC726-5 NC372-2 x Atlantic 0.8 Early maturity, small round type, below average yield, hollow heart BNC742-2 Accumulator x NC268-1 0.3 Good internal quality, bright skin, round blocky type, below average yield Dundee MSR169-8Y x MSU383-A 0.6 High yield, growth crack, oval type, midseason maturity Lady Liberty (NY152) B38-14 x Marcy 0.0 Above average yield, attractive round type, bright appearance, hollow heart 1.4 Above average yield, oval to pointed tubers, some deeper eyes, netted skin, some hollow heart and vascular discoloration Lamoka (NY139) NY120 x NY115 Mackinaw (MSX540-4) Saginaw Chipper x Lamoka 1.0 High yield, mid-season maturity, flat oval type, light netted skin, common scab susceptible Manistee Snowden x MSH098-2 1.0 Above average yield, compressed type, heavy netted skin, deep eyes, early maturity MSAA076-6 MSR127-2 x MSS297-3 0.9 Average yield, some internal defects, small round unifrom type, growth cracks, deeper eyes MSAA217-3 Beacon Chipper (UEC) x Atlantic 0.8 High yield, blocky round to oval type, deeper eyes, internal defects Table of Contents 16 2023 Processing Varieties Cont. Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics MSAA252-7 NY148 x MSQ0891 1.0 High yield, rough blocky type, heavy netted skin, good internal quality, later maturity MSAA260-03 MSQ086-3 x Atlantic 0.9 Average yield, small flat round type, moderate growth crack, some vascular discoloration 1.3 Average yield, uniform blocky round type, moderate skinning, common scab susceptible 0.4 Above average yield, blocky round type, moderate skinning, some vascular discoloration MSAFB635-15 NYH15-5 x MSS297-3 MSBB058-1 NY148 x MSR127-2 MSBB230-1 NY148 x MSQ089-1 0.6 Round blocky type, some pitted scab, above average yield, vascular discoloration MSBB610-13 NY148 x MST096-2Y 0.7 Large round blocky type, growth cracks, good internal quality, above average yield MSBB614-15 Saginaw Chipper x MSR127-2 0.6 Heavy netted skin, growth crack, some sticky stolons, high yield, later maturity MSBB630-2 Lady Liberty x Kalkaska 0.5 Large round type, some misshapen tubers, trace sticky stolons, average yield, moderate internal defects Table of Contents 17 2023 Processing varieties Cont. Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* MSDD244-05 Mackinaw x MSR127-2 0.3 MSDD247-07 Mackinaw x MSV383-B 1.0 Above average yield, recessed stem end, slight skin, early maturity, some internal defects MSDD247-11 Mackinaw x MSV383-B 0.5 Deeper eyes, attractive round type, above average yield, early maturity MSDD249-9 Michigan State University 1.7 Large oval type, consistent appearance, high yield, early maturity, common scab susceptible MSDD372-07 NY148 x Missaukee 1.1 MSDD376-4 NY148 x MSV0331 0.4 Characteristics Round flat type, deeper apical eyes, high yield, some vascular discoloration Average yield, blocky round type, consistent appearance and shape, later maturity Flat blocky type, heavy netted skin, sticky stolons, high yield, moderate internal defects MSDD553-01 Mackinaw x MSQ086-3 1.0 Blocky round type, slight skinning, trace pointed tubers, above average yield, average maturity MSEE031-3 MSZ219-14 x Lamoka 0.7 Average yield, variable shape, some scab, vascular discoloration and internal brown spot Table of Contents 18 2023 Processing varieties Cont. Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics MSEE035-4 MSZ219-14 x MSS164-1 0.5 Average yield, trace growth crack, light netted skin, mid-season maturity MSEE207-2 MSZ022-19 x MSZ219-46 0.2 Blocky round type, medium netted skin, slight sheep nose, above average yield, average maturity MSFF038-3 Mackinaw x MSR127-2 1.2 Deeper eyes, heavy skin, round type, above average yield, early maturity MSGG242-1 MSBB060-1 x MSBB626-11 0.2 Attractive small round type, good appearance, average yield, internal brown spot MSW474-1 MSN190-2 x MSP516-A 0.1 Uniform round type, deeper eyes, light skin, average yield, common scab resistant Mystere Patate Lac-SaintJean 1.5 Bright light skin, flat round to oval type, below average yield, vascular discoloration NC470-3 Marcy x NC182-5 0.5 Above average yield, severe skinning, sticky stolons, growth cracks, hollow heart NC821-30 NC41-1 x NC182-5 0.3 Blocky round type, heavy netted skin, average yield, some hollow heart, average maturity NY174 NY148 x E48-2 0.9 Above average yield, flat round to oval type, heavier skin, early maturity Table of Contents 19 2023 Processing varieties Cont Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics NY177 NY148 x NYE48-2 1.8 Average yield, medium netted skin, uniform type, some vascular discoloration NY179 Andover x Lady Liberty 1.7 Above average yield, long oval type, medium netted skin, early maturity NYT22-1 L8-12 x Atlantic 0.7 Above average yield, variable type, light netted skin, some vascular discoloration NYU15-8 Lady Liberty x Pike 0.8 Above average yield, flat oval type, light netted skin, vascular discoloration NYU20-10 NY156 x NY148 2.0 Average yield, small round type, some lenticel scarring, vascular discoloration, common scab susceptible NYU34-5 NYM18-2 x Waneta 1.3 Trace of purple blushing around eyes, round blocky type, average yield, vascular discoloration NYU34-6 NYM18-2 x Waneta 1.0 Average yield, small flat oval type, average maturity NYU44-7 NYN16-11 x Manistee 1.3 Above average yield, medium netted skin, round type, hollow heart Petoskey (MSV030-4) Beacon Chipper x MSG227-2 0.7 Above average yield, heavy netted skin, round type, a few compressed tubers Snowden (W855) B5141-6 x Wischip 1.4 Average yield, flat round type, some pink eyes, trace sticky stolons, vascular discoloration Table of Contents 20 2023 Processing varieties Cont 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics Sunrise Potato 0.3 Above average yield,round blocky type, bright skin, some internal brown spot, early maturity TX18170-4W Monserrate x TX12484-2W 2.0 Very low yield, smaller size profile, slight growth crack, good internal quality TX19009-2W NDTX081648CB-13W x NDTX05977s-1W 1.8 Below average yield, smaller size profile, slight growth crack, early maturity WAF17045-2 MSR061-1 x Tundra 0.3 Average yield, small round type, moderate skinning, heavy skin, hollow heart, early maturity WAF17049-2 NYWN25-1 x Tundra 0.1 Above average yield, lighter skin, slight growth crack, oval type, hollow heart, high specific gravity Winterset NY115 x BC0894-2W 1.2 Above average yield, flat round type, slight skinning, early maturity, moderate internal defects Entry Pedigree SP327 *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale: 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program. Line descriptions provided by various potato breeding programs and updated by Potato Outreach Program following Evaluations at various trial locations throughout Michigan. Table of Contents 21 Table 2. 2023 Michigan Statewide Chip Processing Potato Variety Trials Overall Averages ‐ Twelve Locations 1 CWT/A 4 PERCENT OF TOTAL RAW TUBER QUALITY (%) LINE US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR2 OTF CHIP SCORE3 HH VD IBS BC COMMON SCAB 5 RATING SED SCORE6 VINE VIGOR7 VINE MATURITY8 COMMENTS SP327kl AF6206‐3cek MSDD376‐4abcefgkl Wintersetbdk MSDD249‐9aeg MSDD553‐1abcefgkl MSBB630‐2abcdefgikl AF6675‐1abefkl Lady Libertyaf Manisteeadef AF6565‐8acedfgkl NY179abcegikl NY174aefghl MSW474‐1acdefgl MSAA252‐7bdk MSEE035‐4afl MSFF038‐3abcdef AF6200‐4cdeghl AF6886‐3l MSBB614‐15abcefgkl MSAA217‐3acdefgkl NYU34‐6cf WAF17049‐2abefkl AC13125‐5Wl Petoskeyel NYT22‐1cl Mackinawabcdefgijkl AF6894‐12l NYU15‐8ef MSEE207‐2abcef AF6892‐6k AF6969‐3l MSDD372‐07fgl MSAA076‐6abcdefgkl MSGG242‐1abcef AF6552‐2egj AR2018‐07afk Lamokaacefhji AF6878‐15l AF6872‐11k B3379‐2bd NC470‐3bdk AF6665‐3abefkl B3403‐6d 764 752 708 662 634 629 622 604 598 587 585 584 582 581 577 573 568 558 548 547 545 544 543 541 537 535 534 533 533 532 527 526 520 520 517 516 513 513 504 501 497 494 494 491 842 798 757 721 643 678 701 702 660 639 637 644 647 661 606 641 617 597 576 582 567 629 587 592 581 580 595 577 593 585 571 552 579 594 613 560 586 572 555 589 560 544 572 544 91 95 94 92 98 93 87 85 91 92 92 90 90 88 95 89 92 94 95 95 96 86 92 91 92 93 90 92 90 92 92 95 89 87 83 91 87 90 91 85 89 91 85 90 7 4 6 7 2 6 11 13 8 7 7 10 7 11 5 7 6 4 4 2 3 13 6 9 6 6 9 8 8 6 8 4 11 10 15 8 12 7 6 12 10 7 14 10 91 94 93 91 94 92 84 85 91 90 91 90 90 87 92 88 92 92 88 93 91 85 92 90 92 91 89 92 90 89 92 87 89 87 83 88 87 88 91 85 89 91 85 90 0 1 1 1 4 1 3 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 3 1 0 2 7 2 5 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 3 0 8 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 3 1 0 4 2 2 1 3 1 1 2 0 2 1 1 0 2 2 0 1 0 3 2 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 0 1.070 1.084 1.087 1.086 1.082 1.079 1.078 1.070 1.078 1.080 1.082 1.080 1.082 1.084 1.080 1.087 1.079 1.077 1.066 1.079 1.087 1.093 1.100 1.057 1.081 1.070 1.086 1.076 1.079 1.075 1.076 1.063 1.091 1.087 1.081 1.076 1.076 1.080 1.086 1.090 1.089 1.090 1.077 1.093 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 0 0 11 3 3 1 9 0 5 3 0 4 0 0 3 3 8 1 0 4 14 0 18 13 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 1 4 0 0 10 2 0 0 40 23 2 0 2 7 9 0 3 13 7 21 20 10 6 3 7 7 0 6 2 2 13 1 8 10 1 7 9 10 4 10 30 4 0 7 3 9 10 0 7 16 7 0 0 3 6 0 14 0 3 10 0 0 2 2 0 5 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 17 0 4 0 0 7 0 0 5 10 0 0 0 3 6 3 52 0 13 8 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0.3 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.7 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.9 1.7 0.9 0.1 1.0 0.5 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.3 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.8 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.5 1.0 2.0 1.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.5 4.0 4.3 3.8 3.4 3.8 4.2 3.0 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.3 3.9 4.0 3.4 4.2 4.7 3.8 3.8 2.7 4.0 4.1 2.5 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.8 4.4 4.0 2.5 4.8 2.8 3.6 4.0 2.7 3.5 3.5 2.7 2.8 3.4 3.7 2.4 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.8 3.2 4.0 3.0 2.8 3.1 2.7 3.9 3.1 3.5 3.1 1.7 3.0 3.5 3.3 2.7 3.3 3.4 2.0 2.7 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.7 2.8 2.9 3.2 2.5 3.3 3.8 3.0 3.5 round blocky type, bright skin bright skin, nice blocky round to oval type flat blocky type, heavy netted skin, sticky stolons flat round type, slight skinning large oval type, consistent appearance blocky round type, slight skinning, trace pointed tubers large round type, some misshapen tubers, trace sticky stolons heavy netted skin, blocky oval type attractive round type, bright appearance compressed type, heavy netted skin, deep eyes poor appearance, deeper eyes, blocky type long oval type, medium netted skin flat round to oval type, heavier skin uniform round type, deeper eyes, light skin rough blocky type, heavy netted skin trace growth crack, light netted skin deeper eyes, heavy skin, round type flat blocky round type, inconsistent shape blocky round type heavy netted skin, growth crack, some sticky stolons blocky round to oval type, deeper eyes small flat oval type lighter skin, slight growth crack, oval type nice bright round appearance heavy netted skin, round type, a few compressed tubers variable type, light netted skin flat oval type, light netted skin light netted skin, round type flat oval type, light netted skin blocky round type, medium netted skin, slight sheep nose round to oblong blocky type, netted skin bright blocky round type blocky round type, consistent appearance and shape small round unifrom type, growth cracks, deeper eyes attractive small round type, good appearance light netted skin, blocky round type small type, dark skin, slight growth crack oval to pointed tubers, some deeper eyes, netted skin misshapen pickouts, flat round type netted skin, blocky round type, pitted scab light purple eyes, variable type severe skinning, sticky stolons, growth cracks flat oval type, some pointed tubers nice type and appearance, scab succeptible 22 PERCENT OF TOTAL1 CWT/A LINE abcdefghijk MSAFB635‐15 Snowdenabcdefghjkl AF6671‐10abefl MSBB230‐1gl B3379‐6bdk AF6652‐3befkl AF6978‐1l AF6655‐1abefkl Dundeebefgl AF5933‐4abcdefgkl Blissacefgijl MSDD247‐11acfgl Mystereabcdefgkl MSDD244‐05gl B3012‐1bdk Atlanticbdk MSBB058‐1cfgl AF6883‐15l TX19009‐2Wl MSBB610‐13adk NC821‐30bdk AF6980‐1l B3306‐2bdk AF6898‐1l NYU44‐7cf AF6883‐8l MSEE031‐3fgl AF6165‐9bcfghkl NY177gh WAF17045‐2abefkl MSDD247‐07acfgl AF6911‐4l NYU34‐5cf B3381‐4bck AF6979‐3l MSAA260‐03abcdefgkl AF6896‐1k AF6669‐10abefkl BNC726‐5bdk B3471‐1d NYU20‐10ce AF6901‐8k AF6555‐2k BNC742‐2bdk BNC549‐1bdk TX18170‐4Wk MEAN RAW TUBER QUALITY4 (%) US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR2 OTF CHIP SCORE3 HH VD IBS BC COMMON SCAB 5 RATING SED SCORE6 VINE VIGOR7 VINE MATURITY8 489 486 479 474 470 469 464 461 457 447 443 443 439 438 437 433 426 424 423 422 422 421 419 415 413 413 411 411 398 395 393 392 384 371 370 359 346 339 329 296 290 229 222 203 174 38 474 584 560 522 525 543 519 516 509 506 518 515 487 547 467 557 488 459 483 532 458 501 511 506 510 452 470 463 481 488 449 431 485 439 533 396 421 441 432 426 386 355 313 336 268 347 131 539 82 85 92 91 86 90 90 90 90 83 84 90 78 95 79 90 93 88 79 92 83 82 83 82 91 88 88 85 82 88 91 81 88 70 93 84 79 75 73 77 82 73 66 76 50 29 86 18 14 7 8 14 8 7 8 6 16 15 8 21 3 20 8 6 11 18 7 14 14 17 16 9 12 9 14 17 11 8 19 12 19 6 12 21 25 26 19 17 26 33 23 47 71 12 82 85 92 90 85 90 88 90 90 83 84 90 78 71 79 89 93 87 79 91 83 82 83 82 91 88 88 85 82 87 91 81 87 70 93 83 79 75 73 77 82 73 66 76 50 29 85 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 3 2 4 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 3 4 0 2 0 0 3 1 1 1 1 0 0 11 1 4 0 0 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 0 2 1.085 1.086 1.080 1.082 1.086 1.078 1.073 1.076 1.096 1.085 1.081 1.089 1.072 1.078 1.073 1.080 1.088 1.070 1.070 1.075 1.092 1.068 1.078 1.068 1.087 1.077 1.083 1.085 1.096 1.078 1.096 1.075 1.076 1.087 1.063 1.077 1.081 1.077 1.079 1.073 1.077 1.078 1.067 1.066 1.078 1.065 1.080 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.3 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.2 2.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.2 1 4 0 0 13 3 10 8 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 3 0 7 0 0 5 20 3 2 33 0 18 5 0 10 37 0 0 0 2 20 0 5 0 0 3 0 0 5 5 20 4 19 0 20 7 23 3 7 6 5 16 7 0 7 8 7 10 0 0 0 0 20 5 7 10 8 4 2 8 10 20 0 15 8 0 12 0 0 25 10 10 0 0 0 7 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 1 0 3 3 3 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.3 1.4 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.2 0.6 0.6 1.5 0.6 0.5 1.5 0.3 0.7 1.5 0.4 0.7 1.8 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.3 1.3 1.2 0.7 2.0 1.8 0.3 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.8 2.0 2.0 0.5 1.0 0.3 1.3 2.0 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.5 1.4 1.7 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.6 1.1 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.7 1.8 0.0 0.2 1.3 0.1 0.3 3.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.9 4.1 3.4 2.8 3.0 3.7 3.0 3.8 3.8 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 3.7 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.0 4.0 4.5 3.3 3.6 2.5 3.3 3.3 4.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.2 2.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.8 3.5 2.8 3.2 2.2 2.7 2.7 2.6 3.0 2.3 2.7 3.3 1.5 2.7 2.3 3.3 1.7 2.3 2.2 3.3 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.5 1.0 3.1 2.5 2.8 2.8 3.5 3.3 2.5 3.0 2.0 2.7 2.5 2.9 23 COMMENTS uniform blocky round type, moderate skinning flat round type, some pink eyes, trace sticky stolons flat round type, moderate skinning round blocky type, some pitted scab purple eyes, blocky round type bright skin, variable type large flat type, skinning blocky round type, heavy netted skin growth crack, oval type smaller round uniform type small round type, bright skin, trace points deeper eyes, attractive round type bright light skin, flat round to oval type round flat type, deeper apical eyes variable oval type, netted skin slight skinning, round to pointed tubers blocky round type, moderate skinning variable appearance and skin finish smaller size profile, slight growth crack large round blocky type, growth cracks blocky round type, heavy netted skin pointed tubers, variable skin and type oval to oblong type, light yellow flesh pointed tubers, trace heat knobs medium netted skin, round type light netted skin, flat oval type variable shape, some scab variable shape, flat type medium netted skin, uniform type small round type, moderate skinning, heavy skin recessed stem end, slight skin compressed shape, bright thin skin trace of purple blushing around eyes, round blocky type uniform oval type, light yellow flesh variable skin finish small flat round type, moderate growth crack netted skin, round oblong type bright skin, small round tubers small round type oval type, pitted scab, light netted skin small round type, some lenticel scarring bright skin color, round blocky type small type, bright skin, surface scab bright skin, round blocky type smaller oval type smaller size profile, slight growth crack 2023 Chip Variety Trial Sites a 4‐L Farms, Storage Trial b Black Gold Farms, Fresh Trial c Hampton Potato Growers, Storage Trial d Lennard Ag. Co., Fresh Trial e Lennard Ag. Co., Storage Trial f Main Farms, Storage Trial g Montcalm Research Center Box Bin Trial h Sandyland Farms SNAC Replicated Storage Trial i Sandyland Farms, Set 1 Storage Trial j Verbrigghe Farms, Fresh Chip Trial k Walther Farms, Fresh Trial l Walther Farms, Replicated Storage Trial SIZE 2 SPECIFIC GRAVITY 3 OUT OF THE FIELD CHIP COLOR SCORE 4 RAW TUBER QUALITY 5 Bs: < 1 7/8" As: 1 7/8" ‐ 3 1/4" OV: > 3 1/4" PO: Pickouts 1 Data not replicated (SNAC Scale) Ratings: 1 ‐ 5 1: Excellent 5: Poor (percent of tubers out of 10) HH: Hollow Heart VD: Vascular Discoloration IBS: Internal Brown Spot BC: Brown Center 0.0: Complete absence of surface or pitted lesions 1.0: Presence of surface lesions 2.0: Pitted lesions on tubers, though coverage is low 3.0: Pitted lesions common on tubers 4.0: Pitted lesions severe on tubers 5.0: More than 50% of tuber surface area covered in pitted lesions 6 SED (STEM END DEFECT) SCORE 0: No stem end defect 1: Trace stem end defect 2: Slight stem end defect 3: Moderate stem end defect 4: Severe stem end defect 5: Extreme stem end defect 7 VINE VIGOR RATING 8 Date: Variable Rating 1‐5 1: Slow emergence 5: Early emergence (vigorous vines, some flowering) Date: Variable Rating 1‐5 1: Early (vines completely dead) 5: Late (vigorous vines, some flowering) 24 VINE MATURITY RATING COMMON SCAB RATING Table of Contents 25 Table of Contents 26 Table of Contents 27 Table 9. 2023 Michigan Statewide Russet Potato Variety Trials Overall Averages ‐ Thirteen Locations PERCENT OF TOTAL1 CWT/A RAW TUBER QUALITY3 (%) LINE US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR2 HH VD IBS BC fl 650 616 557 557 537 522 515 512 511 511 506 505 502 499 494 489 465 464 456 453 449 442 440 438 430 419 416 415 411 403 400 399 394 392 388 386 374 369 357 337 334 327 326 322 767 683 689 637 785 630 607 578 632 603 606 606 679 530 608 570 581 535 526 620 573 535 475 547 543 564 470 492 515 483 475 596 611 468 495 464 459 468 464 427 496 449 467 399 85 91 81 87 69 83 85 89 78 85 83 84 77 95 81 85 79 88 87 63 78 82 93 79 79 68 89 83 79 83 83 68 63 84 79 82 79 80 72 78 68 71 71 81 4 3 12 7 12 10 3 7 19 11 15 11 5 4 9 7 14 6 5 33 12 11 4 16 14 28 8 11 19 11 12 11 22 11 13 12 14 19 24 14 26 26 15 13 68 42 63 70 65 70 59 72 72 74 65 71 61 55 61 56 38 62 57 56 74 70 62 70 66 61 69 69 72 69 62 54 59 71 68 66 63 70 66 63 67 66 66 71 18 49 18 18 5 13 27 16 5 11 17 13 16 40 19 29 41 26 30 7 5 12 31 9 13 7 20 14 7 14 21 13 4 13 11 16 16 9 7 16 1 5 5 10 10 6 7 5 18 7 11 5 4 4 3 5 18 1 11 8 7 6 8 4 9 7 3 5 7 4 3 6 2 6 5 22 15 5 8 6 7 2 3 7 6 3 14 6 1.081 1.075 1.077 1.068 1.086 1.088 1.076 1.091 1.089 1.078 1.084 1.074 1.074 1.073 1.070 1.067 1.080 1.087 1.069 1.094 1.095 1.072 1.080 1.082 1.080 1.091 1.072 1.071 1.067 1.068 1.077 1.081 1.078 1.069 1.080 1.075 1.072 1.070 1.074 1.076 1.086 1.076 1.070 1.087 0 5 10 0 11 40 0 7 5 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 5 15 0 0 0 5 5 13 3 0 2 3 4 4 13 0 5 0 2 0 11 0 10 9 0 11 5 20 0 2 5 1 1 5 0 4 5 10 2 10 0 5 0 7 5 2 0 10 5 11 0 8 3 5 5 5 11 8 3 10 0 0 15 11 5 0 0 7 15 5 0 10 0 2 0 3 0 5 15 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 4 0 1 20 0 0 2 4 0 3 15 4 4 1 1 1 15 15 0 2 1 3 15 0 1 20 6 15 10 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 5 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 AAF15169‐3 A12327‐5VRabdeim A08433‐4STOabcdeghijm Vanguardadfgim Umatillaglm AF6298‐2gl AAF15402‐1fl AF5736‐16gim AF6997‐1fl AAF15193‐9fl A09086‐1LBabcdeghim Rickey Russetabcdegim AAF15193‐6fl AF6377‐10gikm AF6750‐3gl Reveille Russetabcdfghim AF7001‐5fl A09136‐9LBacdfgikm AF7015‐2fl NDAF1791‐3fl NDAF1791‐1fl A10071‐1abdim AF5521‐1bcdfgim Portage Russetabcdegimhj A11737‐1LBm NDAF1791‐6fl A15057‐2TEabcdegim Silverton Russetabcdfghijl abcdfgim AF6340‐6 COTX10080‐2Ruabcdfgm AF6377‐12abcdfgim AF6997‐3fl AAF15291‐5fl AAF15247‐3fl A13074‐1TEabcekm A11175‐12TEabdegim Russet Norkotahabcdfgijlm AF7008‐1fl AC12090‐3RUdim W13008‐1RUSabcdegim NDAF1762‐7fl CO13003‐1RUabcdfgim COAF16090‐14fl A09119‐4LBb 28 COMMON SCAB 4 RATING 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.4 1.0 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.4 1.3 2.5 VINE 5 VIGOR VINE 6 MATURITY COMMENTS 4.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.9 3.0 2.8 3.7 3.0 4.0 3.7 3.6 4.3 3.1 3.0 2.7 3.5 4.1 3.8 3.3 3.3 4.3 3.6 3.1 3.5 3.0 3.6 3.9 3.1 2.7 3.2 3.5 4.5 3.5 3.8 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.2 3.9 3.3 2.9 3.3 2.5 3.5 3.4 4.1 2.4 3.6 2.8 3.3 4.4 3.8 2.8 3.5 2.8 3.0 2.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.3 4.5 3.8 2.7 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.5 2.7 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.3 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.5 prominent eyes, misshapen tubers deeper eyes, moderate alligator hide, darker skin oblong blocky type, light to medium russet skin nice dark russet skin, oblong type, trace growth cracks deeper eyes, misshapen and pointed tubers nice appearance and skin growth crack, pointed tubers flat oblong to long type, medium russet skin variable type and appearance flat blocky oblong type blocky large type, variable light skin heavy russet skin, oblong type, nice, light yellow flesh variable type, pointed tubers slight alligator hide, skinning, blocky oblong type, nice dark russet skin, growth crack large blocky type, growth cracks, trace prominent eyes large blocky type, trace pointed tubers slight alligator hide, lighter skin, variable type oblong type, marginal appearance long tubular type, light skin variable type, misshapen pickouts dark russet skin, long tubular type oval to oblong type, light russet skin, nice appearance sticky stolons, lighter skin, trace pointed tubers misshapen pointed tubers, variable type pointed tubers, smaller, oblong type oblong to long type, skinning, darker skin nice type and appearance, trace growth crack recessed eyes, oblong to long type nice skin, slight alligator hide, oblong type prominent eyes, dark russet skin, growth crack, nice poor appearance, deep eyes, tubular type misshapen pickouts, variable type heavy dark russet skin, nice appearance variable type and appearance deeper eyes, blocky oval to oblong type variable type and appearance, trace alligator hide small blocky type, medium russet skin long oval to oblong type, purple eye pigmentation oblong to long type, alligator hide, lighter skin pointed tubers, medium russet skin slight skinning, nice appearance, blocky type smaller oblong type, pointed tubers pointed oblong type, medium russet skin PERCENT OF TOTAL1 CWT/A RAW TUBER QUALITY3 (%) LINE US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR2 HH VD IBS BC abcdfgim 321 307 299 292 271 163 154 118 46 409 468 549 409 626 450 223 236 255 135 524 69 56 73 49 59 71 66 46 34 76 16 28 19 32 29 26 15 48 63 16 61 52 69 48 57 71 53 46 34 63 8 4 3 1 3 0 13 0 0 14 15 16 9 19 11 3 19 6 3 8 1.068 1.071 1.089 1.077 1.066 1.066 1.078 1.092 1.067 1.077 3 4 10 0 0 10 0 0 0 5 3 4 5 7 14 5 0 0 0 5 3 0 5 0 0 0 40 20 50 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Goldrush CO15016‐1RUstolm AF6989‐3fl Russet Burbankcgl CO14371‐3RUlm COTX08121‐1RUbi ATX15097‐1RUb ATX16119‐1RUb COTX18174‐1RUb MEAN 2023 Russet Variety Trial Sites a 4‐L Farm b Elmaple Farms c Horkey Farms d Jenkins Farms e Kitchen Farms, Mini Bulk Trial f Kitchen Farms, Strip Trial g Lennard Ag. Co. h Sandyland Farms i Styma Potato Farms j Verbrigghe Farms k Walther Farms, NFPT Trial l Walther Farms, NFPT Add On Trial m Walther Farms, Replicated Norkotah Trial 1 SIZE Russets Bs: < 4 oz As: 4 ‐ 10 oz OV: > 10 oz PO: Pickouts 5 2 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Data not replicated VINE VIGOR RATING Date: Variable Rating 1‐5 1: Slow emergence 5: Early emergen 3 RAW TUBER QUALITY (percent of tubers out of 10) HH: Hollow Heart VD: Vascular Discoloration IBS: Internal Brown Spot BC: Brown Center 6 VINE MATURITY RATING Date: Variable Rating 1‐5 1: Early (vines completely dead) 5: Late (vigorous vines, some flowering) 29 4 COMMON SCAB 4 RATING 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 0.6 VINE 5 VIGOR VINE 6 MATURITY 2.9 2.7 2.3 3.3 3.3 3.0 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.7 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.2 COMMENTS variable skin and type, growth crack, oblong nice, pointed tubers, bottlenecks flat oblong type, nice pointed and misshapen tubers, long tubular type smaller, growth crack, alligator hide small oblong type low yield, misshapen pointed tubers smaller tubers, medium russet skin, oblong type small tubers, oblong to pointed type COMMON SCAB RATING 0.0: Complete absence of surface or pitted lesions 1.0: Presence of surface lesions 2.0: Pitted lesions on tubers, though coverage is low 3.0: Pitted lesions common on tubers 4.0: Pitted lesions severe on tubers 5.0: More than 50% of tuber surface area covered in pitted lesions Table 10. 2023 Michigan Statewide Tablestock Potato Variety Trials Overall Averages ‐ Nine Locations PERCENT OF TOTAL 1 CWT/A LINE ATX5325s‐3W/Ya Floridanacef Colombaabcdfgh Paroliabcdfh MSGG039‐11Yabcefi MSII344‐02c Alaska Bloomacei Melodyafi Noyaabcfh Constancecdabfgh W13103‐2Yabcdfgh Jellyabefgich Bonnataah Montanaabcdfgh W15240‐2Yabcdfgh Golden Globeabcdfgh COTX10118‐4Wpe/Yabef WAF14096‐5bcdfgh PSS09/118/6abcefhi Sensationbdfh MSGG039‐08Yabcefi Cameliaabcdefih Tessaabcdfgih Bonafideabce NDAF1710Y‐1i Christelabcdfgih YELLOW AF6566‐1i SKIN TYPE Queen Anneabcefgi CMK2009‐630‐00 ef IPB8343‐8W/Ycfh Bernicebdfh NDTX081451CB‐1Y/Y abcefh AF6889‐4efh AF6868‐6afh W15248‐17Y abcdfgh IPB8343‐5W/Yabh Vanillabdfh AF6888‐15h abcefi Yukon Gold AORTX09037‐1W/Y abcefh Acoustice AORTX09037‐5W/Y i NYT61‐3c IPB8343‐2W/Ycfh Tysoneh MSBB371‐1YSPLbe IBP8343‐3W/Yh Caledonia Pearlacdfh Goldeyeeih Sounde IPB8343‐3W/Yac A08120‐4Yabcdfgh TX17734‐1Y/Yi c Polaris Gold MEAN RAW TUBER QUALITY3 (%) YELLOW FLESH US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR 2 HH VD IBS BC 1090 629 599 588 582 573 546 538 529 523 523 513 508 503 498 492 492 490 475 462 455 454 450 447 418 417 410 394 390 383 383 382 380 374 372 362 356 355 348 319 317 307 306 293 282 265 236 234 223 204 177 173 157 109 413 1226 708 655 674 661 656 639 635 631 622 576 587 627 657 616 558 695 555 654 548 642 541 539 487 470 576 441 570 508 477 477 609 432 421 442 518 499 395 390 438 400 432 372 405 346 343 393 465 462 429 279 347 283 182 522 89 89 91 87 88 87 84 84 85 81 91 86 82 73 80 88 69 88 71 84 69 84 83 91 89 72 93 69 77 80 79 58 88 89 83 70 72 88 88 69 79 71 82 71 81 77 60 51 48 48 64 46 55 60 77 8 9 7 7 7 12 15 10 10 17 8 10 10 24 18 11 24 12 23 13 26 13 14 7 10 25 7 27 19 17 18 40 9 10 16 28 26 11 10 27 15 28 9 27 14 19 38 46 48 50 35 52 37 39 20 88 89 88 87 87 87 84 84 85 78 88 83 82 73 80 88 69 86 71 84 69 83 83 91 89 71 93 69 77 79 79 58 88 89 82 70 72 88 87 69 79 71 82 71 81 77 60 51 48 48 64 46 55 60 77 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 6 5 1 1 6 5 2 1 4 8 2 2 1 7 0 6 3 5 4 3 2 1 3 0 4 4 3 3 2 3 1 1 2 2 1 2 4 6 1 9 2 5 4 2 3 4 2 1 2 8 1 3 1.071 1.062 1.055 1.067 1.071 1.067 1.052 1.071 1.074 1.065 1.061 1.071 1.070 1.058 1.062 1.062 1.059 1.072 1.055 1.061 1.068 1.060 1.074 1.066 1.090 1.058 1.097 1.062 1.085 1.073 1.065 1.086 1.080 1.086 1.056 1.068 1.067 1.086 1.072 1.070 1.079 1.075 1.074 1.062 1.073 1.071 1.078 1.064 1.063 1.068 1.060 1.069 1.074 1.058 1.069 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 40 0 0 2 33 8 1 0 0 0 19 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 6 2 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 3 10 1 1 4 3 1 0 2 0 3 3 5 0 10 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 7 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 2 70 0 1 0 0 0 5 13 0 1 0 1 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 25 0 3 2 0 0 0 10 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 5 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 4 0 3 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 COMMON VINE SCAB 5 VIGOR 4 RATING 0.0 4.0 1.2 3.7 0.4 3.9 0.3 4.0 0.3 3.4 1.0 2.5 0.0 4.0 0.5 4.0 0.6 3.2 0.6 3.9 0.6 3.6 0.4 3.5 0.3 4.0 0.7 3.5 0.5 3.4 0.1 4.1 0.4 3.1 0.7 3.5 0.4 3.4 1.1 3.1 1.3 3.5 0.8 3.4 1.0 3.8 0.5 3.6 0.0 4.0 0.1 3.6 0.5 4.0 0.8 3.3 0.8 4.8 0.4 3.8 0.6 3.5 0.9 3.8 0.3 4.2 0.8 4.2 0.3 3.5 0.9 3.3 0.9 3.4 0.0 4.0 0.8 3.5 1.0 3.6 0.5 4.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 1.5 0.5 4.2 0.3 3.8 0.0 2.3 0.0 4.0 0.2 4.2 0.6 3.8 2.0 3.5 0.0 3.5 0.2 3.9 1.0 3.0 0.0 3.0 0.5 3.6 30 VINE 7 6 WAXINESS MATURITY 3.5 3.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.5 2.9 3.1 3.6 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.3 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.5 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.5 3.0 3.8 3.3 2.5 2.7 3.4 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.5 2.5 4.0 2.9 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.4 3.5 2.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.1 1.5 3.3 3.8 3.6 3.7 4.0 2.9 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.1 3.0 4.0 3.6 3.5 2.6 2.8 3.7 3.8 3.2 3.5 3.1 2.9 4.0 3.9 3.0 3.8 3.0 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.3 3.8 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.3 4.0 3.0 3.7 3.1 3.3 4.0 4.0 2.8 4.0 3.0 3.4 FLESH 8 COLOR 2.0 3.3 3.2 3.8 2.8 3.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 3.7 3.8 4.1 2.2 4.8 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.1 2.8 4.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 4.2 3.0 4.1 3.0 3.7 3.4 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.5 3.4 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.3 3.0 1.0 4.0 3.9 1.8 2.0 3.0 2.1 3.6 3.0 3.0 2.4 3.5 4.0 3.1 RED SKIN 7 WAXINESS SKIN 9 COLOR UNIFORMITY10 SILVER 11 SCURF COMMENTS buff skin, round to oval type blocky round to oval type, slight rhizoctonia long type, slight buff skin, deeper eyes blocky type, pointed tubers, growth cracks, deeper eyes blocky round to oval type, light netted skin flat oval to oblong type, slight rhizoctonia pink eyes, flay blocky type, buff skin, round to oval type light buff skin, prominent lenticels bright appearance, oval to oblong type flat oblong type, nice appearance round to oval type, buff skin, nice appearance flat oblong type, variable appearance flat round to oval type, lenticel scarring oval to oblong type, light buff skin, greening small round type, bright appearance, slight greening flat round to oval type, trace netted skin purple splashes around eyes, poor variable appearance pink eyes, uniform blocky round type flat oval to oblong type, slight alligator hide flat oval type, heavy netted skin, points variable flat oval type, buff skin flat oval type, rougher skin oval to oblong type, medium netted skin, tubular blocky round type, netted skin, deeper eyes bright appearance, flat oval type, buff skin flat round to oval type, nice appearance flat oval type, buff skin oval to long type, bright smooth skin buff skin, acceptable appearance deeper eyes, variable type, trace points heavy buff skin, oval type, slight growth crack buff skin, oval to oblong type, scab variable type, prominent pink eyes, blocky round type heat sprouts, pink eyes, trace points oblong type, buff skin, trace alligator hide small round type, recessed apical ends round type, flaky skin, nice appearance blocky flat type, poor appearance blocky round type, buff skin small variable oval type, growth cracks, netted skin flat round to oval type, buff skin small flat round type, slight buff skin pink eye, variable type small round type, deeper eyes small uniform round type, points variable shape, purple splashed eyes flat round type, buff skin flat round to oval type, uniform appearance variable type, buff skin flat oblong to long type, netted skin, variable small oval type, nice appearance buff skin, pink blush eyes, round to oval oblong to long type, poor shape and appearance flat oval type, smaller tubers CWT/A PERCENT OF TOTAL 1 3 RAW TUBER QUALITY (%) YELLOW FLESH 2 HH VD IBS BC COMMON VINE SCAB 5 VIGOR 4 RATING 0.2 3.7 0.3 4.5 0.0 4.0 0.0 4.0 0.3 3.8 0.0 4.0 0.4 3.6 0.0 4.0 0.1 3.8 0.2 4.0 0.1 3.4 0.4 3.8 0.2 3.6 0.0 4.0 0.2 4.7 0.0 5.0 0.1 2.5 0.5 3.8 0.1 3.4 0.3 3.8 0.1 3.5 0.0 3.5 0.5 3.7 0.0 3.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 4.0 0.2 3.7 VINE 7 6 WAXINESS MATURITY LINE US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR acefh MSGG127‐3R NDAF113484B‐1 fi AF6932‐4i AF6963‐8h Becca Roseabcefh AF6963‐1h AAF11546‐3abcefh AF6938‐4h Dark Red Norlandabcefgih AF6965‐5h MSGG135‐1Racefh W17005‐3Rabcdfgh abcdfgh RED SKIN W17026‐4R TYPE NDAF1727Y‐1h BNC839‐5efh BNC981‐1f BNC917‐2aceh W16025‐5Rabcdfgh A11582‐1R abcefih CO15113‐1Rfi NDA8512C‐1Racdfh NDTX050169‐1R ai MSCC553‐1Rfh COTX15083‐1R i MSII432‐01c CO15084‐4R h MEAN 564 525 509 502 467 432 416 397 396 386 379 369 367 363 332 307 302 298 271 264 254 246 235 233 225 196 355 610 582 583 536 555 498 531 451 446 414 550 465 497 408 403 344 343 363 437 322 335 347 296 293 314 317 432 92 90 87 94 84 87 77 87 88 93 68 77 72 89 83 89 88 80 62 82 75 71 77 80 72 61 81 7 4 5 4 15 10 19 6 9 6 31 20 26 5 15 9 8 19 32 18 14 23 19 19 24 38 16 91 90 85 93 84 87 76 87 87 93 68 77 72 89 83 89 85 80 62 82 75 71 77 80 72 61 81 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 8 2 1 3 5 7 3 1 1 3 2 6 2 2 4 1 6 0 11 5 4 1 4 1 4 1.073 1.063 1.073 1.075 1.064 1.077 1.064 1.065 1.064 1.079 1.071 1.066 1.062 1.068 1.070 1.073 1.063 1.064 1.058 1.074 1.064 1.068 1.075 1.062 1.059 1.075 1.068 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 17 2 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Volareabcdfgih Sifraabdfgih 05.6556.1abfhcd ROUND Allisonabcdfgh WHITE abcefi TYPE MSDD088‐1 MSGG084‐1abcef Rebaabcefgi NY178abcefi MEAN 644 562 545 545 540 484 438 346 513 706 678 644 680 600 535 461 411 589 91 69 84 79 89 90 95 84 85 7 15 12 17 8 7 3 12 10 86 81 84 79 89 89 94 84 86 5 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 2 4 4 3 3 2 4 3 1.058 1.067 1.048 1.063 1.070 1.061 1.066 1.059 1.061 1 0 0 1 0 6 14 3 3 3 0 1 4 3 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 3 2 10 2 7 3 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.5 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.5 2.8 3.9 3.0 3.6 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.7 3.1 MEAN 411 335 320 285 269 324 463 473 408 340 368 410 89 67 78 84 73 78 10 23 21 14 25 19 89 67 77 83 73 78 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 10 1 2 2 3 1.063 1.071 1.064 1.057 1.074 1.066 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.3 3.5 3.5 4.0 2.5 4.5 3.6 4.0 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 4.0 TRIAL MEAN 401 497 79 18 79 0 3 1.068 2 1 2 1 0.4 3.6 3.1 e Blackberry MSFF228‐2RYaef NOVELTY MSGG158‐11PPe TYPE MSFF335‐2RRe MSFF305‐1RYe 2023 Table Variety Trial Sites a 4‐L Farm b Horkey Farms c Jenkins Farms d Kitchen Farms, Mini Bulk Trial e Kitchen Farms, Strip Trial f Styma Potato Farms g Verbrigghe Farms h Walther Farms Replicated Trial i Walther Farms Strip Trial FLESH 8 COLOR 3.4 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.8 3.2 3.0 3.2 2.3 2.8 3.5 3.1 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.8 3.8 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.0 RED SKIN WAXINESS SKIN 9 COLOR UNIFORMITY10 SILVER 11 SCURF 3.1 4.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.9 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.3 4.0 4.0 2.2 4.4 3.3 3.8 3.0 3.9 1.3 2.6 4.2 4.0 3.7 4.4 4.0 4.1 2.5 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.8 5.0 4.0 4.3 3.7 3.5 4.5 4.0 3.7 4.5 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6 4.3 4.3 3.7 4.3 3.5 4.1 3.6 4.0 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 7 COMMENTS blocky round type, moderate skinning blocky round type, slight skinning flat oval type, growth cracks poor skin color, growth cracks, blocky type slight sticky stolons, skinning, nice skin color flat oval type, pointed tubers, slight skinning pointed tubers, variable type, skinning round blocky type, poor appearance lighter red skin, variable type poor color and appearance, moderate skinning compressed round type, light pink skin nice appearance, slight lenticels, round blocky type smaller round to oval type, variable skin round blocky type, slight skinning flat oval type, severe skinning blocky round type, variable skin moderate skinning, round blocky type consistent type, rhizoctonia, light skin color poor type and appearance, second growth, skinning small round uniform type smaller type, moderate growth crack, deep eyes sticky stolons, small, nice appearance small uniform round type, moderate skinning small blocky round type, consistent appearance variable type, moderate alligator hide round to oval type, attractive skin color 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.0 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.8 3.3 3.4 flat oval type, misshapen tubers, nice flat oval type, slight sticky stolons, lenticels nice smooth bright skin, variable tuber shape oblong type, netted skin Reba‐type, blocky oval, netted skin flaky skin, deep eyes, growth crack deep apical eyes, large blocky oval type long flat type, netted skin, bright 3.8 3.3 3.8 4.0 1.0 3.8 4.0 2.5 3.3 5.0 3.0 3.9 5.0 3.5 4.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.1 3.3 3.7 4.1 1.1 moderate skinning, white chimeral eyes pointed tubers, oblong to long type blocky type, moderate skinning slight skinning, variable type small blocky type, moderate skinning 1 SIZE 2 SPECIFIC GRAVITY 3 RAW TUBER QUALITY 4 COMMON SCAB RATING 5 VINE VIGOR RATING 6 Non‐russet tablestock Bs: < 1 7/8" As: 1 7/8" ‐ 3 1/4" OV: > 3 1/4" PO: Pickouts Data not replicated (percent of tubers out of 10) HH: Hollow Heart VD: Vascular Discoloration IBS: Internal Brown Spot BC: Brown Center 0.0: Complete absence of surface or pitted lesions 1.0: Presence of surface lesions 2.0: Pitted lesions on tubers, though coverage is low 3.0: Pitted lesions common on tubers 4.0: Pitted lesions severe on tubers 5.0: More than 50% of tuber surface area covered in pitted lesions Date: Variable Rating 1‐5 1: Slow emergence 5: Early emergence Date: Variable Rating 1‐5 1: Early (vines completely dead) 5: Late (vigorous vines, some flowering) 7 8 FLESH COLOR 1: White 9 SKIN COLOR 10 11 1: Heavy netting, buff 1: Light pink 1: Highly variable, non‐uniform 0: No incidence of silver scurf 5: Waxy, smooth yellow 5: Dark red 5: Highly uniform, color throughout 5: High incidence of silver scurf WAXINESS RATING UNIFORMITY OF SKIN COLOR 31 SILVER SCURF VINE MATURITY RATING Table 11. 2023 Russet Potato Variety Trial Walther Farms NFPT and Added Lines Planting: 4/27/23 Vine Kill: 9/1/23 Harvest: 9/21/23 GDD40: 3448 PERCENT OF TOTAL1 CWT/A RAW TUBER QUALITY3 (%) LINE US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR2 HH VD IBS BC AF6314‐12" AAF15010‐1" AF6384‐2 AAF15086‐5 AOR10071‐8 A15053‐17 AOR16118‐1 A15094‐13" AOR15227‐2 A15175‐1 COA15494‐8* AF6749‐3 A15077‐9TE AOR15166‐2* AAF15180‐3* AF6465‐7 A16051‐3" A15102‐11" A13074‐1TE" AF6814‐1" A16117‐4" A18476‐3ADG* A15084‐4" NDAF13242B‐3 A11887‐5ADG" A18682‐8STO" A15038‐6 AF5762‐8* AAF16069‐2 A18503‐2STO AOR15152‐2" AF6377‐10 A13085‐2" A15190‐8CR" A13072‐7* A15258‐1 AAF14025‐2" AF6446‐17 A10861‐3CR AOR15194‐2 A09136‐9LB" A18679‐3STO A15254‐5" A13091‐5 COAF16253‐1" 840 826 810 790 777 758 716 712 711 700 697 690 681 681 678 665 641 638 632 627 618 601 595 595 590 583 575 574 572 569 566 551 550 541 540 537 537 524 523 521 502 502 487 482 471 1038 1000 958 880 827 908 816 936 830 832 759 813 768 760 797 777 855 729 805 744 761 703 889 728 830 742 669 651 762 679 882 590 735 747 580 644 880 636 633 617 611 754 741 549 796 81 82 85 90 94 83 88 76 86 84 92 85 88 89 85 86 75 87 78 85 82 85 67 82 71 79 86 88 75 84 65 93 74 73 93 83 61 83 83 85 82 66 66 87 60 6 10 10 6 6 8 7 9 5 11 6 5 7 4 8 6 10 8 12 4 4 12 10 18 10 8 8 9 14 14 3 7 10 10 5 10 20 8 14 7 9 5 9 10 4 52 66 61 55 78 52 69 64 55 76 65 69 45 67 70 57 56 69 62 55 63 71 53 81 58 60 59 83 65 76 35 58 69 60 61 71 55 62 64 67 54 51 55 63 39 29 16 24 35 16 31 19 12 31 8 27 16 43 22 15 29 19 18 16 30 19 14 14 1 13 19 27 5 10 8 30 35 5 13 32 12 6 21 19 18 28 15 11 24 21 13 8 5 4 0 9 5 15 9 5 2 10 5 7 7 8 15 5 10 11 14 3 23 0 19 13 6 3 11 2 32 0 16 17 2 7 19 9 3 8 9 29 25 3 36 1.081 1.103 1.081 1.082 1.088 1.064 1.088 1.067 1.101 1.095 1.077 1.082 1.084 1.097 1.075 1.073 1.076 1.084 1.088 1.088 1.081 1.077 1.089 1.079 1.078 1.095 1.068 1.096 1.081 1.096 1.079 1.071 1.070 1.081 1.077 1.063 1.100 1.078 1.075 1.082 1.094 1.082 1.077 1.080 1.078 0 10 0 0 0 0 20 40 0 0 0 0 60 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 10 30 10 30 30 0 0 0 30 20 0 0 10 0 20 20 0 30 0 0 20 20 10 10 0 20 0 0 0 20 10 20 20 30 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 40 0 100 40 10 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 50 0 0 0 30 30 0 40 0 0 0 0 40 0 10 0 10 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 30 0 50 0 10 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 COMMON SCAB 4 RATING 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 VINE VIGOR5 VINE MATURITY6 COMMENTS 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 4.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 2.5 4.0 2.5 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.0 3.5 2.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.5 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.5 4.0 2.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.5 2.5 3.0 4.5 4.0 4.5 4.0 4.5 4.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 2.5 5.0 2.5 4.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 4.0 2.5 3.0 many pointed tubers, misshapen pickouts, heat knobs poor shape and appearance flat blocky oblong type, misshapen pickouts alligator hide, less uniform type, misshapen pickouts nice blocky oval type, lighter russet skin lighter russet skin, flat oblong blocky type, misshapen tubers light russet skin, silver scurf or black dot, nice type long tubular type, bottlenecks, apical purple pigmentation knobs, less uniform, nice dark russet skin knobs in pickouts, light to medium russet skin, deeper eyes nice type, attractive dark russet skin, slight alligator hide attractive skin, prominent eyes, pointed ends growth crack, alligator hide, blocky type blocky oval to oblong type, nice appearance medium russet, nice type and appearance dark russet, blocky oblong to oval type, alligator hide knobs, growth cracks, lighter russet skin, variable type prominent eyes, knobs, lighter russet skin, tubular apical growth crack, alligator hide flaky russet skin, prominent eyes, misshapen pickouts poor appearance, misshapen tubers, skinning medium russet skin, oval to oblong type, nice appearance knobs, heat sprouts small round type pointed tubers, misshapen pickouts severe black dot and scurf, poor appearance medium dark russet skin, nice type nice skin, consistent type, slight apical alligator hide bottlenecks, points, heavier dark russet skin, variable type flat oval to oblong type, nice uniform skin poor type and appearance, lighter skin nice skin and appearance, trace sheep nose, slight sticky stolons bottlenecks, medium russet skin, less uniform type tubular, light russet skin, bottlenecks nice appearance, heavier russet skin, blocky type slight skinning, light russet skin, tubular type non uniform tubular type, knobs, lighter russet skin large tubers, attractive blocky type nice light skin, pointed tubers, flat to oval type prominent eyes, nice russet skin, misshapen pickouts light to medium russet, poor appearance severe knobs, bottlenecks, misshapen pickouts bottlenecks, misshapen and pointed tubers growth cracks, moderate rot, nice russet skin bottlenecks, knobs, not uniform A18070‐6 A13038‐3 AFA6346‐2 OR170058‐20 A15094‐11" A16137‐6STO OR11222‐4 A15028‐2TE A18072‐7" A15101‐2PMTV A15038‐2" A15169‐6" CO15016‐1RUsto Russet Burbank A15041‐11TE" AAF15169‐3 Russet Norkotah NDAF1791‐3 Silverton Russet AF6997‐1 MN19AOR16061‐007* NDAF1791‐6 AAF15402‐1 AF6750‐3" AAF15193‐9 A12304‐1STO NDAF1791‐1 AF7015‐2 AF7001‐5" Umatilla A11381‐3 A13036‐12" MN19CO17021‐003" AAF15291‐5 AF6298‐2* AAF15193‐6" A15051‐1TE" AF6997‐3" AAF15247‐3* A12169‐5" ATX18679‐2RU MN19AOR17020‐009* AF7008‐1 AF6989‐3 COAF16090‐14" NDAF1762‐7 MN19CO17072‐005" CO14371‐3RU MEAN 466 464 445 438 434 430 408 399 397 358 338 324 280 266 177 837 797 773 763 733 722 666 659 614 571 569 569 563 559 555 535 530 525 522 509 498 485 471 452 432 428 394 394 391 391 361 328 192 553 598 573 737 528 754 547 918 507 663 431 530 462 523 779 251 998 880 889 850 831 864 800 776 727 663 736 706 637 670 921 636 680 674 726 620 803 641 734 542 589 697 463 518 524 571 546 453 379 712 78 81 60 83 57 79 45 79 60 83 63 70 54 34 71 84 91 87 90 88 83 83 85 84 86 77 81 89 83 60 84 78 78 72 82 62 75 64 83 73 62 85 76 75 69 66 73 51 78 17 3 12 14 17 12 6 15 24 13 14 17 31 27 27 4 6 8 5 11 10 10 3 6 10 17 12 4 14 15 9 10 8 16 13 6 16 12 9 8 33 10 22 14 10 26 23 35 11 72 60 60 78 54 66 29 70 55 70 53 58 51 32 67 52 60 74 66 80 71 69 39 59 68 71 74 48 72 57 61 69 54 65 77 47 73 55 62 50 61 59 64 72 62 65 67 51 62 6 21 0 5 3 13 16 9 5 13 10 12 3 2 4 32 31 13 24 8 12 14 46 25 18 6 7 41 11 3 23 9 24 7 5 15 2 9 21 23 1 26 12 3 7 1 6 0 16 5 16 28 3 26 9 49 6 16 4 23 13 15 39 2 12 3 5 5 1 7 7 12 10 4 6 7 7 3 25 7 12 14 12 5 32 9 24 8 19 5 5 2 11 21 8 4 14 11 1.073 1.083 1.076 1.084 1.066 1.074 1.072 1.074 1.058 1.078 1.063 1.083 1.069 1.080 1.074 1.084 1.077 1.093 1.076 1.089 1.077 1.090 1.070 1.067 1.077 1.079 1.095 1.067 1.079 1.086 1.082 1.077 1.074 1.075 1.088 1.069 1.083 1.079 1.063 1.078 1.097 1.079 1.066 1.090 1.064 1.083 1.078 1.062 1.080 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 40 10 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 20 10 10 10 20 20 20 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 10 10 10 0 0 20 20 10 0 10 0 10 20 0 0 10 0 10 20 0 20 0 10 0 10 0 30 0 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 50 30 30 0 0 40 0 40 0 0 0 0 30 30 10 0 20 30 0 0 0 0 30 10 30 40 30 0 12 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.5 0.0 1.0 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 3.0 2.5 2.0 4.0 3.5 3.0 4.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.5 3.0 2.5 4.0 2.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 3.5 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.0 2.5 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.0 4.0 4.5 2.0 4.5 2.5 3.0 2.0 4.0 2.5 3.5 4.5 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 4.5 3.5 3.5 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 4.5 4.0 3.5 2.5 2.5 5.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 5.0 2.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 4.5 3.5 growth cracks, nice medium russet skin, smaller type knobs, misshapen tubers, medium russet skin growth cracks, poor type and appearance light russet skin, flat oval type misshapen tubers, light skin, growth crack, knobs flat to oblong type, medium russet skin, slight skinning medium russet skin, variable type, smaller tubers growth crack, alligator hide, light skin nice uniform dark russet skin, round to oval type, smaller tubers heat knobs, heat sprouting, rot knobs, poor type nice skin, lots of knobs and bottlenecks, small tubular, light skin, severe misshapen tubers small type, medium russet skin silver scurf or black dot, misshapen pickouts, knobs alligator hide pointed tubers, variable type, sticky stolons medium russet skin uniform type, black dot or silver scurf dark russet skin, misshapen pickouts, nice appearance flat oblong to long type, rot, pointed tubers growth crack, bottlenecks, less uniform rot, heavy russet skin, bottlenecks, growth crack slight soft rot, flat blocky oblong type flat oblong type, pointed tubers, variable skin variable type, medium to dark russet skin large blocky type, moderate skinning lighter skin, flat oblong type, slight points nice skin, severe points and knobs round type, medium russet skin, heat knobs apical sprouting, variable type growth crack, light russet skin, tubular type variable type smaller blocky oblong type, nice medium russet skin misshapen tubers, some rot, severe points and growth cracks alligator hide, bottlenecks, variable shape knobs, severe bottlenecks, tubular type dark russet skin, nice appearance growth cracks, knobs, flat pointed type alligator hide, misshapen tubers attractive russet skin, blocky oblong type medium russet skin, blocky oblong type, trace knobs knobs, flat oblong type pointed tubular type, knobs medium russet type, pointed tubers, not uniform small round type variable type, growth cracks 1 SIZE Russets Bs: < 4 oz As: 4 ‐ 10 oz OV: > 10 oz PO: Pickouts 5 2 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Data not replicated VINE VIGOR RATING Date: 6/12/23 Rating 1‐5 1: Slow emergence 5: Early emergence (vigorous vine, some flowering) 3 RAW TUBER QUALITY (percent of tubers out of 10) HH: Hollow Heart VD: Vascular Discoloration IBS: Internal Brown Spot BC: Brown Center 6 4 COMMON SCAB RATING 0.0: Complete absence of surface or pitted lesions 1.0: Presence of surface lesions 2.0: Pitted lesions on tubers, though coverage is low 3.0: Pitted lesions common on tubers 4.0: Pitted lesions severe on tubers 5.0: More than 50% of tuber surface area covered in pitted lesions VINE MATURITY RATING Date: 8/17/23 Rating 1‐5 1: Early (vines completely dead) 5: Late (vigorous vines, some flowering) Varieties below the dashed line are added lines *High visual appeal during grading "Poor visual appeal during grading 34 FIELD DATA Planting Date Vine Kill Date Harvest Date Days (planting to vine kill) Days (planting to harvest) GDD40 MAWN Station GDD40 (planting to vine kill) Seed Spacing 4/27/23 9/1/23 9/21/23 127 147 Constantine 3448 10" Table 12. 2023 Early Generation Tablestock Potato Variety Trial Walther Farms Cass City Planting: 5/16/23 Vine Kill: 9/9/23 Harvest: 10/4/23 GDD40: 3118 PERCENT OF TOTAL 1 CWT/A RAW TUBER QUALITY3 (%) YELLOW FLESH US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR 2 HH VD IBS BC MSII320‐04 MSII344‐02 MSII323‐04 MSII320‐03 YELLOW CO16279‐5Y FLESH TYPE MSII323‐06 MSII344‐05 MSII308‐05 CO16212‐1Y MEAN 440 299 281 278 270 242 238 188 472 444 309 323 419 322 298 265 93 67 91 86 65 75 80 71 4 27 7 10 31 24 18 28 93 67 91 86 65 75 80 71 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 2 4 4 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 357 79 19 79 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 10 3 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 280 1.066 1.068 1.067 1.071 1.086 1.052 1.069 1.068 1.074 1.069 1 0 COMMON SCAB 4 RATING 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 TC19094‐1R MSII417‐02 MSII415‐01 RED SKIN MSII418‐12 TYPE COTX15083‐1R ND14324B‐7R MSII432‐03 TX17802‐5R MEAN 209 199 185 155 130 80 58 44 133 340 241 204 178 167 117 92 102 180 61 83 91 87 78 68 63 43 72 27 14 9 13 21 32 35 53 26 61 83 91 87 78 68 63 43 72 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 3 0 0 1 0 2 4 3 1.072 1.066 1.064 1.076 1.064 1.061 1.063 1.067 1.067 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 211 263 80 20 80 0 0 1.084 30 20 0 0 0.5 2.5 3.5 3.0 206 268 75 22 75 0 3 1.069 2 5 1 0 0.3 2.5 3.1 3.2 LINE WHITE AF6735‐2 TRIAL MEAN 1 VINE 5 VIGOR VINE 6 MATURITY WAXINESS7 FLESH 8 COLOR 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 1.0 4.0 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 2.5 3.2 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 4.5 1.5 2.5 2.0 4.0 2.7 3.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 SIZE Non‐russet tablestock Bs: < 1 7/8" As: 1 7/8" ‐ 3 1/4" OV: > 3 1/4" PO: Pickouts 2 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Data is replicated 3 RAW TUBER QUALITY (percent of tubers out of 10) HH: Hollow Heart VD: Vascular Discoloration IBS: Internal Brown Spot BC: Brown Center 4 COMMON SCAB RATING 0.0: Complete absence of surface or pitted lesions 1.0: Presence of surface lesions 2.0: Pitted lesions on tubers, though coverage is low 3.0: Pitted lesions common on tubers 4.0: Pitted lesions severe on tubers 5.0: More than 50% of tuber surface area covered in pitted lesions 5 VINE VIGOR RATING Date: 6/26/23 Rating 1‐5 1: Slow emergence 5: Early emergence 7 8 FLESH COLOR 1: White 5: Dark yellow 9 SKIN COLOR 1: Light pink 5: Dark red 10 UNIFORMITY OF SKIN COLOR 1: Highly variable, non‐uniform 5: Highly uniform, color throughout 11 SILVER SCURF 0: No incidence of silver scurf 5: High incidence of silver scurf WAXINESS RATING 1: Heavy netting, buff 5: Waxy, smooth 35 RED SKIN WAXINESS7 SKIN COLOR9 UNIFORMITY10 SILVER 11 SCURF deep apical eyes, blocky round type flat oval to oblong type, slight points bright appearance, shallow eyes, round to oval type flat round uniform type, buff skin flat round type, buff skin, golden appearance flat blocky round type, light buff skin, uniform oval type, bright appearance nice bright appearance, flat round type, light buff skin small round type, blush eyes 1.2 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.0 3.5 3.4 4.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.5 4.0 3.0 4.5 3.7 5.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 2.5 5.0 3.6 2.0 3.0 1.0 2.5 3.0 2.0 2.5 1.0 2.1 2.3 3.4 3.7 3.6 2.1 1.0 1.0 1.5 COMMENTS blocky round type, light color, trace skinning round uniform type, slight skinning blocky round type, nice color, slight skinning blocky round to oval type, nice appearance small uniform type, dark red color small round type, prominent eyes smaller flat round to oval type, good color small uniform round type, nice appearance flat round to oval type, bright appearance 6 VINE MATURITY RATING Date: 8/15/23 Rating 1‐5 1: Early (vines completely dead) 5: Late (vigorous vines, some flowering) FIELD DATA Planting Date Vine Kill Date Harvest Date Days (planting to vine kill) Days (planting to harvest) GDD40 MAWN Station GDD40 (planting to vine kill) Seed Spacing 5/16/23 9/9/23 10/4/23 116 141 Fairgrove 3118 10" Table 13. 2023 Russet and Tablestock Variety Descriptions Russet Variety Descriptions Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Goldrush ND450-3Rus x Lemhi Russet 0.1 Below average yield, common scab resistant, earlier vine maturity, variable skin and type, growth cracks, oblong NDAF1762-7 Dakota Russet x ND122441YB2Russ 0.5 Below average yield, pointed tubers, medium russet skin, mid-season maturity NDAF1791-1 Payette Russet x Dakota Trailblazer 0.3 Moderate common scab resistant, variable type, misshapen pickouts average yield NDAF1791-3 Payette Russet x Dakota Trailblazer 0.8 Long tubular type, light skin, below average yield NDAF1791-6 Payette Russet x Dakota Trailblazer 1.5 Mid-season maturity, pointed tubers, smaller, oblong type, common scab susceptible Portage Russet (W13A11229-1Rus) A01325-1 x A06131-19 0.4 Average yield, sticky stolons, lighter skin, trace pointed tubers Reveille Russet (ATX91137-1Rus) Bannock Russet x A83343-12 0.1 Large blocky type, growth cracks, trace prominent eyes, moderate common scab resistant, earlier maturity Russet Burbank Unknown 0.3 Moderate common scab resistant, pointed and misshapen tubers, long tubular type Russet Norkotah ND9526-4Rus x ND9687-5Rus 0.4 Characteristics Variable type and appearance, trace alligator hide, average yield, earlier maturity, moderate common scab resistant Table of Contents 36 2023 Russet Varieties Cont. Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Silverton Russet (AC83064-6) A76147-2 x A7875-5 0.3 Nice type and appearance, trace growth crack, good yield, average specific gravity Umatilla Russet (AO82611-7) Butte x A77268-4 0.2 Deeper eyes, misshapen and pointed tubers, later maturity, below average yield, moderate common scab resistant Vanguard (TX08352-5RUS) TXA549-1Ru x AOTX98137-1Ru 0.2 Nice dark russet skin, oblong type, trace growth cracks, earlier maturity, above average yield A08433-4STO A02611-1 x AOND95249-1 0.5 Oblong blocky type, light to medium russet skin, later maturity, good yield, moderate common scab resistant A09086-1LB Palisade Russet x AC96052-1RU 1.1 Blocky large type, variable light skin, good yield, common scab susceptible A09119-4LB A00472-20LB x Premier Russet 2.5 Average yield, above average specific gravity, common scab susceptible, pointed oblong type, medium russet skin A09136-9LB A02424-83LB x A98345-1 0.6 Slight alligator hide, lighter skin, variable type, average to above average yield A10071-1 Targhee Russet x AO02183-2 0.4 Average yield, dark russet skin, long tubular type, earlier maturity, moderate common scab resistant Characteristics Table of Contents 37 2023 Russet Varieties Cont. Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics A11175-12TE USDA ID 0.4 Deeper eyes, blocky oval to oblong type, average to above average yield, average maturity A11737-1LB A96814-65LB x A05084-11 1.0 Smaller size profile, darker skin, below average yield and specific gravity, excellent internal quality A12327-5VR A06862-11VR x La Belle Russet 0.3 Very high yield, many oversized tubers, below average specific gravity, nice appearance, moderate hollow heart and vascular discoloration A13074-1TE A07431-3 x A06084-1TE 0.3 Average yield, variable type and appearance, moderate common scab resistant, midseason vine maturity A15057-2TE A07390-3LB x A10007-3 0.3 Average to above average yield, oblong to long type, skinning, darker skin, earlier vine maturity A15169-6 A07088-6 x AF4296-3 0.5 Below average yield, knobs, poor type, very late maturity AAF15169-3 A07088-6 x AF4296-3 0.8 Above average yield, medium russet skin, light skinning, prominent eyes AAF15193-6 A071012-4BF x AF4116-9 0.8 Average yield, non-uniform skin, prominent eyes, oblong to long type AAF15193-9 A071012-4BF x AF4116-9 1.0 Average yield, earlier vine maturity, flat blocky oblong type Table of Contents 38 2023 Russet Varieties Cont. Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics AAF15247-3 AW07791-2 x AF4116-9 0.3 Heavy dark russet skin, nice appearance, average yield AAF15291-5 Dakota Trailblazer x AF4320-7 0.8 Later maturity, misshapen pickouts, variable type, below average yield AAF15402-1 A96953-13sto x AF4116-9 0.5 Good yield, mid-season maturity, growth crack, pointed tubers AC12090-3RU A05214-3LB x A06021-1T 0.0 Long oval to oblong type, purple eye pigmentation, Low yield, common scab resistant AF5521-1 AF4320-7 x AF2291-10 1.2 Common scab susceptible, above average yield, oval to oblong type, light russet skin, nice appearance AF5736-16 AF3317-15 x Dakota Trailblazer 0.1 Late season maturity, flat oblong to long type, medium russet skin, average to above average yield AF6298-2 A8469-5 x Gemstar Russet 0.3 Average yield, earlier vine maturity, nice appearance and skin, moderate common scab resistant AF6340-6 Caribou Russet x Russet Norkotah 0.7 Recessed eyes, oblong to long type, below average specific gravity, excellent internal quality, average yield AF6377-10 A03921-2 x Gemstar Russet 0.0 Slight alligator hide, skinning, blocky oblong type, nice appearance, above average yield, larger tuber size profile Table of Contents 39 2023 Russet Varieties Cont. 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics Entry Pedigree AF6377-12 A03921-2 x Gemstar Russet 0.3 Blocky type, above average yield, very high specific gravity, moderate hollow heart, common scab resistant AF6750-3 Targhee Russet x AF5179-4 0.5 Blocky oblong type, below average specific gravity, good internal quality, above average yield AF6989-3 S.bu8.5 x Nicolet 0.0 Common scab resistant, average yield, average maturity, flat oblong type, nice AF6997-1 A96953-13 x AF5525-2 1.0 Average yield, common scab susceptible, variable type and appearance AF6997-3 A96953-13 x AF5525-2 1.0 Low Yield, common scab susceptible, poor appearance, deep eyes, tubular type AF7001-5 A02507-2LB x AF4124-7 0.3 Average yield, large blocky type, trace pointed tubers, moderate common scab resistant AF7008-1 A03921-2 x AF5525-2 0.0 Common scab resistant, small blocky type, medium russet skin, average yield AF7015-2 AF3362-1 x Gemstar Russet 0.5 Good yield, above average specific gravity, oblong type, marginal appearance ATX15097-1RU Castle Russet x A98345-1 1.5 Below average yield, low yield, misshapen pointed tubers, early vine maturity, common scab susceptible Table of Contents 40 2023 Russet Varieties Cont. Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics ATX16119-1RU Dakota Trailblazer x AOR07821-1 2.0 Early vine maturity, smaller tubers, medium russet skin, oblong type, common scab susceptible CO13003-1RU Fortress Russet x AC96052-1RU 0.4 Slight skinning, nice appearance, blocky type, low yield, average season maturity CO14371-3RU CO07205-4RU x OR05039-4 0.5 Smaller, growth crack, alligator hide, low yield, later season maturity CO15016-1RUsto A03921-2 x Pomerelle Russet 0.3 Low yield, moderate common scab resistant, nice, pointed tubers, bottlenecks COAF16090-14 CO10087-4RU x Goldrush 1.3 Low yield, smaller oblong type, pointed tubers, common scab susceptible COTX08121-1RU AC96052-1RU x Blazer Russet 0.0 Common scab resistant, above average specific gravity, small oblong type, early season vine maturity COTX010080-2RU CO03364-5RU x CO98067-7RU 0.3 Moderate common scab resistant, average yield, small tubers, oblong to pointed type COTX18174-1RU COA05149-2 x CO12267-1RU 1.5 Below average yield, small tubers, oblong to pointed type, common scab susceptible W13008-1Rus Canela x W8152-1Rus 0.3 Average yield, moderate common scab resistant, oblong to long type, alligator hide, lighter skin * Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program. Line descriptions provided by potato breeding programs and updated by Potato Outreach Program following evaluations at trial locations throughout Michigan. Table of Contents 41 2023 Yellow Flesh Variety Descriptions Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Acoustic Orchestra x AOB1997-507-015 0.5 Flat round to oval type, buff skin, average yield, later maturity Bernice Actrice x Satina 0.6 Heavy buff skin, oval type, slight growth crack, average yield, earlier vine maturity Bonafide (MSV093-1Y) McBride x MSP408-14Y 0.5 Above average yield, high proportion A-sized tubers, blocky round type, netted skin, deeper eyes Bonnata Bernadette x RZ 95-6643 0.3 flat round to oval type, lenticel scarring, average yield, earlier maturity, moderate common scab resistant Characteristics Caledonia Pearl Orla x Harmony 0.2 Earlier maturity, flat round to oval type, uniform appearance, below average yield, moderate common scab resistant Camelia Piccolo Star x VDZ 00-343 0.8 Flat oval type, rougher skin, average yield, common scab susceptible Christel Norkia America 0.1 Flat round to oval type, nice appearance, average to above average yield, common scab resistant Columba Carerra x Agata 0.4 Above average yield, very low specific gravity, long type, slight buff skin, deeper eyes Constance Marabel x AR93-1243 0.6 Average yield, flat oblong type, nice appearance, earlier vine maturity, lower specific gravity Table of Contents 42 (2023 Yellow Flesh Varieties Cont.) Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Score* Characteristics Floridana SunRain 1.2 Average to above average yield, common scab susceptible, blocky round to oval type, slight rhizoctonia Golden Globe (US 624-95) Berber x 2.6 720-86 0.1 Average to above average yield, flat round to oval type, trace netted skin, common scab resistant Goldeye Agria x Triplo 2.4 Below average yield, common scab susceptible, variable type, buff skin Jelly Marabel x 173/87/4476L 0.4 Above average yield, flat oblong type, variable appearance, later vine maturity Melody VE7447 x W72.22.498 0.5 Average yield, average vine maturity, light buff skin, prominent lenticels Montana E 99/73/126 x E 99/89/130 0.7 Oval to oblong type, light buff skin, greening, below average yield, above average specific gravity Noya LaTerra x Cyrano 0.6 Average yield, bright appearance, oval to oblong type, average maturity Paroli (24 205-06) 569 102-99 x 774 105-99 0.3 Average to above average yield, blocky type, pointed tubers, growth cracks, deeper eyes, earlier vine maturity Polaris Gold (MN04844-07Y) W2257-2 x Dakota Pearl 0.0 Common scab resistant, below average yield, flat oval type, smaller tubers, below average yield Table of Contents 43 (2023 Yellow Flesh Varieties Cont.) Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Score* Characteristics Queen Anne (05-043-1) 99-002-14 x Gala 0.8 Oval to long type, bright smooth skin, below average yield, average vine maturity Sensation TE 93-26-02 x TE 98-05-31 1.1 Average yield, average vine maturity, flat oval type, heavy netted skin, points, common scab susceptible Sound Mondial x CMK2003-707-003 2.0 Flat oblong to long type, netted skin, common scab susceptible, very low yield Tessa Carmona x Diplomat 1.0 Average yield, average vine maturity, oval to oblong type, medium netted skin, tubular Tyson Sylvana x Curano 0.3 Small uniform round type, points, average yield, moderate common scab resistant Vanilla OP4563/24 x Orla 0.9 Low yield, round type, flaky skin, nice appearance, average vine maturity Yukon Gold Norgleam x W5279-4 0.8 Good yield, earlier vine maturity, blocky round type, buff skin A08120-4Y USDA-ID 0.2 Very low yield, moderate common scab resistant, buff skin, pink blush eyes, round to oval AF6566-1 WAF10192-3 x AF5040-8 0.5 Above average yield, average maturity, flat oval type, buff skin AF6868-6 Lamoka x Saikai 35 0.8 Average to above average yield, heat sprouts, pink eyes, trace points, average maturity Table of Contents 44 (2023 Yellow Flesh Varieties Cont.) Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Score* AF6888-15 Waneta x AF5040-8 0.0 Above average yield, common scab resistant, blocky flat type, poor appearance Characteristics AF6889-4 Waneta x Saikai 35 0.3 Average to above average yield, later vine maturity, variable type, prominent pink eyes, blocky round type AORTX09037-1W/Y Fasan x Ivory Crisp 1.0 Low yield, common scab susceptible, small variable oval type, growth cracks, netted skin AORTX09037-5W/Y Fasan x Ivory Crisp 0.0 Common scab resistant, small flat round type, slight buff skin, below average yield ATX5325s-3W/Y Elkton x NDA081453CAB2C 0.0 CMK2009-630-001 Meijer 0.8 Buff skin, acceptable appearance, higher specific gravity, below average yield COTX101184Wpe/Y 07S019 x AC03534-2R/Y 0.4 Very low yield, mid-season maturity, purple splashes around eyes, poor variable appearance IPB8343-2W/Y Unknown 0.5 Low yield, small round type, deeper eyes, mid-season maturity IPB8343-3W/Y Unknown 0.0 Very low yield, low common scab susceptibility, flat round type, buff skin IPB8343-5W/Y Unknown 0.9 Low yield, small round type, recessed apical ends, mid-season maturity Average to above average yield, common scab resistant, buff skin, round to oval type Table of Contents 45 (2023 Yellow Flesh Varieties Cont.) Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* IPB8343-8W/Y Unknown 0.4 Low yield, deeper eyes, variable type, trace points, earlier season maturity MSBB371-1Yspl MSW151-9 x Spartan Splash 0.0 Average yield, common scab resistant, variable shape, purple splashed eyes MSGG039-08Y Soraya x MSBB719-01 0.0 Common scab resistant, low yield, variable flat oval type, buff skin, below average yield MSGG039-11Y Soraya x MSBB719-01 0.0 Common scab resistant, above average yield, blocky round to oval type, light netted skin MSII344-02 Morning Gold x Oneida Gold 1.0 Average to above average yield, flat oval to oblong type, slight rhizoctonia NDAF1710Y-1 793101.3 x ND14437CAB-1 0.0 Common scab resistant, average to above average yield, bright appearance, flat oval type, buff skin NDTX081451CB1Y/Y Dakota Diamond x Gala 0.9 Low yield, buff skin, oval to oblong type, common scab susceptible, average maturity NYT61-3 NYG70-3 x NY149 0.0 Average yield, common scab resistant, pink eye, variable type, very late maturity TX17734-1Y/Y NDTX05977s-1W x NDA081451CB1CY 1.0 Low yield, common scab susceptible, oblong to long type, poor shape and appearance W13103-2Y Soraya x W9576-4Y 0.6 High yield, mid-season maturity, round to oval type, buff skin, nice appearance Characteristics Table of Contents 46 (2023 Yellow Flesh Varieties Cont.) Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics W15240-2Y NW64-6 x W9576-11Y 0.5 Average yield, mid-season maturity, small round type, bright appearance, slight greening W15248-17Y Oneida Gold x W9576-13Y 0.3 Moderate common scab resistance, early vine maturity, oblong type, buff skin, trace alligator hide WAF14096-5 A9603-9Y x W95778Y 0.7 Average to above average yield, later vine maturity, pink eyes, uniform blocky round type * Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program. Line descriptions provided by potato breeding programs and updated by Potato Outreach Program following evaluations at trial locations throughout Michigan. Table of Contents 47 2023 Red Skin Variety Descriptions Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* Becca Rose ND028678-1RY x ND028770B-4R 0.3 Average yield, later vine maturity, slight sticky stolons, skinning, nice skin color Dark Red Norland Redkote x ND626 0.1 Lighter red skin, variable type, average to above average yield, moderate common scab resistant Characteristics A11582-1R USDA-ID 0.1 Low yield, poor type and appearance, second growth, skinning, moderate common scab resistant AAF11546-3 NDA050237B- x ND8555-8R 0.4 Pointed tubers, variable type, skinning, average yield, lower specific gravity AF6932-4 AF4831-2 x Dark Red Norland 0.0 Common scab resistant, flat oval type, growth cracks, average to above average yield AF6938-4 NDAF12238Y-2 x AF4831-2 0.0 Common scab resistant, average to above average yield, round blocky type, poor appearance AF6963-1 Eva x AF4831-2 0.0 Common scab resistant, flat oval type, pointed tubers, slight skinning, average to above average yield AF6963-8 Eva x AF4831-2 0.0 Common scab resistant, high yield, poor skin color, growth cracks, blocky type AF6965-5 Eva x NDAF12236Y-2 0.2 High yield, early vine maturity, poor color and appearance, moderate skinning Table of Contents 48 2023 Red Skin Varieties Cont. Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* BNC839-5 NC201-3 x Strawberry Paw 0.2 Average yield, moderate common scab resistant, flat oval type, severe skinning BNC917-2 BNC203-3 x Super Red Norland 0.1 Average to above yield, moderate skinning, round blocky type, early vine maturity moderate common scab resistant BNC981-1 Eva x NC566-6 0.0 Common scab resistant, average to above average yield, blocky round type, variable skin CO15084-4R CO01198-2R x OR04131-2 0.0 Round to oval type, attractive skin color, common scab resistant, low yield CO15113-1R CO05228-4R x NDC081655-1R 0.3 Average yield, small round uniform type, mid-season vine maturity COTX15083-1R CO01218-2R x Becca Rose 0.0 Small blocky round type, consistent appearance, common scab resistant, average yield MSCC553-1R Red Marker #2 x ND7132-1R 0.5 Below average yield, average vine maturity, small uniform round type, moderate skinning MSGG127-3R ND6002-01R x Red Marker #2 0.2 Blocky round type, moderate skinning, high yield, moderate common scab resistant, average maturity MSGG135-1R Red Marker #2 x MSXUNK-3P 0.1 Moderate common scab resistant, low yield, compressed round type, light pink skin, later maturity Characteristics Table of Contents 49 2023 Red Skin Varieties Cont. Entry Pedigree 2023 Scab Rating* MSII432-01 W10114-3R x Isle Royale 0.0 Variable type, moderate alligator hide, common scab resistant, average yield NDA8512C-1R ND6694C-1R x ND5256-7R 0.1 Average yield, moderate common scab resistant, smaller type, moderate growth crack, deep eyes, early maturity NDAF113484B-1 ND060570B-1R x ND8555-8R 0.3 Blocky round type, slight skinning, early maturity, high yield, moderate common scab resistant NDAF1727Y-1 95043.11 x Dakota Ruby 0.0 Round blocky type, slight skinning, common scab resistant, average to above average yield NDTX050169-1R ND8555-8R x R89063-83 0.0 Common scab resistant, low yield, sticky stolons, small, nice appearance, later maturity W16025-5R Villetta Rose x Dark Red Norland 0.5 Average yield, consistent type, rhizoctonia, light skin color, earlier vine maturity W17005-3R Red Endeavor x W8890-1R 0.4 Below average yield, nice appearance, slight lenticels, round blocky type, mid-season maturity W17026-4R W9432-4R/Y x Villetta Rose 0.2 Below average yield, smaller round to oval type, variable skin, earlier season maturity, moderate common scab resistant Characteristics Table of Contents 50 * Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program. Line descriptions provided by various potato breeding programs and updated by Potato Outreach Program following evaluations at various trial locations throughout Michigan. Table of Contents 51 2023 Round White Variety Descriptions 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics 0.4 Average yield, later vine maturity, oblong type, netted skin, moderate common scab resistant Entry Pedigree Allison HEO98-1620 x Agata Reba (NY 87) Monona x Allegany 0.4 Above average yield, moderate common scab resistant, earlier vine maturity, deep apical eyes, large blocky oval type Sifra Mondial x Robinta 0.8 Below average yield, full season vine maturity, flat oval type, slight sticky stolons, lenticels Volare UK90-60-27 x White Lady 0.4 Above average yield, earlier vine maturity, flat oval type, misshapen tubers, nice appearance 05.6556.1 Real Potatoes 0.6 Average yield, average vine maturity, nice smooth bright skin, variable tuber shape, above average specific gravity MSDD088-1 NY154 x MSQ086-3 0.2 Good yield, Reba-type, blocky oval, netted skin, average vine maturity MSGG084-1 MSZ622-02 x MSBB719-01 0.3 Good yield, average vine maturity, flaky skin, deep eyes, growth crack NY178 (R201-3) Blue Belle x Genesee 0.7 Average yield, earlier vine maturity, long flat type, netted skin, bright * Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program. Line descriptions provided by various potato breeding programs and updated by Potato Outreach Program following evaluations at various trial locations throughout Michigan. Table of Contents 52 2023 Novelty Variety Descriptions 2023 Scab Rating* Characteristics 0.5 Average to above average yield, moderate skinning, white chimeral eyes, later vine maturity MSFF228-2RY Merlot x MSX569-1R 0.0 Common scab resistant, mid-season vine maturity, higher specific gravity, pointed tubers, oblong to long type MSFF305-1RY Red Marker #2 x MSZ416-8RY 0.0 Common scab resistant, below average yield, higher specific gravity, small blocky type, moderate skinning MSFF335-2RR Blackberry x CO098012-5R 0.5 Average yield, later vine maturity, average specific gravity, slight skinning, variable type MSGG158-11PP Blackberry x Spartan Red #2 0.5 Average yield, mid-season vine maturity, blocky type, moderate skinning Entry Pedigree Blackberry (MSV109-10PP) COMN07-W112BGA x MSU200-5PP * Scab rating based on 0-5 scale: 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible. Common scab data provided by Potato Outreach Program. Line descriptions provided by potato breeding programs and updated by Potato Outreach Program following evaluations at trial locations throughout Michigan. Table of Contents 53 Investigating Integrated Weed Management Strategies for Potatoes-2023 MPIC Research Report Erin Burns, Assistant Professor-Weed Science Extension Specialist Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University Michigan potato production is threatened, on an annual basis, by many pests. These pests result in six to ten percent crop loss and in millions of dollars of lost sales. Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is the most important defoliator of potatoes world-wide. CPB has developed resistance to all known classes of insecticides used to control it in commercial production. Adult beetles overwinter in the soil in or near potato fields, they come out in the spring and lay eggs on plants. The summer (2nd) generation begins with eggs that are laid in June. Adults typically emerge in July and emergence is drawn out over the course of weeks making control difficult. Volunteer potatoes further exacerbate CPB damage. Volunteer potatoes are an optimal food source for CPB which then move into neighboring potato fields and defoliate. Historically harsh winter temperatures kill tubers that remain in the field after harvest. Although, in regions where winters are mild and soil temperatures are not cold enough to kill tubers left in the field, tubers can survive, overwinter and become a serious weed problem. Not only do volunteer potatoes compete with crops and reduce yield, but they also harbor insects, diseases, and nematodes that can infest neighboring or future potato crops. Therefore, the objective of these studies was the identification, development, and implementation of integrated tools to control both volunteer potatoes and CPB which is essential to maintaining sustainable potato production in Michigan. Objective 1: Examine the impacts of tillage intensity, herbicide, and insecticide programs on volunteer potatoes in corn. This study was conducted at the Montcalm Research Center. The study followed a split-plot randomized complete block design with tillage intensity (chisel-light intensity vs. moldboard plow-aggressive intensity) as the main plot factor and herbicide-insecticide program timing as the split-plot factor. In the spring potatoes were randomly spread on the soil surface to simulate volunteer potatoes that are left in the field after harvest. Following spreading tillage intensity, light via chisel plow vs. aggressive via moldboard plow, treatments were implemented to assess the impacts of volunteer potato burial depth on emergence. Corn was planted following tillage treatments. Volunteer potatoes were sprayed at two sizes < 6 in (V5 corn) or 6-12 in (V7 corn) with either the herbicides Callisto or Armezon/Impact and with the insecticides Coragen or Radiant (Figure 1). Percent volunteer potato control (0% = no control, 100% = complete control) and corn injury (0% no injury, 100% = complete injury) were evaluated 7, 14, and 21 days after herbicide application and at harvest. Overall, there were no difference in volunteer emergence amongst tillage treatments due to dry warm conditions at planting. However, Callisto applied at V5 increased corn injury by 4% compared to Armezon/Impact treatments, although injury was minimal 5.5% compared to 0.6% for other treatments (Figure 2). Tank mixing insecticides with herbicides had no impact on corn injury. Additionally, there was no lasting impacts of treatments on corn growth or ear development (Figure 3). Table of Contents 54 Figure 1. A) Tillage treatments, B) Study after corn planting and herbicide/insecticide applications. Figure 2. Corn injury (%) evaluated 7, 14, and 21 days after application (DAA) of mesotrione (Callisto) or topramezone (Armezon/Impact). Figure 3. Corn ears at harvest following herbicide mesotrione (Callisto) or topramezone (Armezon/Impact) and insecticide chlorantraniliprole (Coragen) or spinetoram (Radiant) application. Table of Contents 55 Objective 2: Utilize late planted potato trap crops to manage second generation CPB populations. This study was conducted at the Montcalm Research Center. The study followed a split-plot randomized complete block design with timing of trap crop planting at, two, or four weeks after planting the main bulk crop to assess the impacts of timing of trap crop planting on reductions in CPB populations (Figure 4). Trap crops are planted between overwintering sites and this season’s main potato crop to attract CPB prior to reaching the main crop. The trap crop utilized in this study was the cultivated red potato planted in six rows 20 ft long adjacent to the main potato crop planted to Snowden potatoes. Subsample points were established across the rows of bulk potatoes in which we sampled CPB densities and potato percent canopy cover. Potato yield was collected on three subsamples per treatment across the bulk planting. Overall, we found that delaying trap crop planting by four weeks reduced the rate of canopy loss compared to two and at planting trap crop timings (Figure 5). This delay in potato defoliation led to differences in yield. Yield increased by 53% when trap crop planting was delayed by four weeks compared to at planting (Figure 6). Therefore, defoliation and yield can be improved when delaying trap crop planting by four weeks where CPB second generation pressure is high. Furthermore, these management techniques of potato trap crop planting and herbicideinsecticide programs can be combined to reduce loss from these pests in corn and potato rotations. Figure 4. Trap crop planting trial. Figure 5. Rate of potato canopy defoliation in bulk crop impacted by timing of trap crop planting. Table of Contents 56 Figure 6. Relative potato yield impacted by timing of trap crop planting. The Michigan Potato Industry Commission supported this research. Table of Contents 57 Michigan Potato Industry Commission Grant Proposal 2023 Report Project Title: Manure-based amendments as promoters of beneficial soil microbiome for sustainable PED management Investigator: Marisol Quintanilla Introduction Potato early die (PED) is caused by the association of Pratylenchus penetrans and Verticillium dahliae which reduces potato yield by 30-50%. Current PED management strategies, such as fumigation, have detrimental effects on the soil microbiome thus limiting natural soil biological control systems. Our previous research has concluded that poultry manure and a compost blend (cattle and poultry manure + wood ash) are effective at significantly reducing P. penetrans populations and improving potato yield. The pesticidal effect of these products is not fully understood, but literature suggests that it is attributed to a combination of different mechanisms, in which microbial communities play key roles. The overarching goal of the proposed project was to determine if applications of poultry manure and the compost blend are affecting soil microbial communities in any way and if this correlates with P. penetrans suppression and plant fitness. We were able to determine the microbial profile of the poultry manure and compost blend, as well as determine its effect on potato soil native microbiome, P. penetrans abundance in soil and roots, beneficial nematodes abundance, and plant height and yield. Materials and Methods The experiment was established in the summer of 2023 using soil collected from a different commercial potato field located near Lockport Township, MI (41.899160, -85.601069). The soil textural series was a Spink loamy sand with 1.02% organic matter, 3.3% clary, 84.3% sand, and 12.5% silt. In addition, the pH of the soil was 6.0, with a bulk density of 1.68 g/cm3 and an available water capacity of 0.11 cm/cm (United States Department of Agriculture, Web Soil Survey, 2023). The potato cv. Russet Norkotah had been planted in the field at the time of soil collection. The crop history was a 4-year rotation of seed corn-potato-seed corn-soybeanpotato. Every year the field is planted with rye or triticale as cover crops and the soil has never been fumigated nor treated with manures. Table of Contents 58 Table 1. Description and nutrient composition of the manure-based amendments used in the 2023 greenhouse experiment. ManureBased Amendment Composition Carbon:Nitrogen Ratio (C:N) Nitrogen (TKN1) (kg/t) Phosphate (P2O5) (kg/t) Potash (K2O) (kg/t) Compost blend Cattle and poultry manure Wood ash 9.2:1 22.9 14.1 14 Raw poultry manure Poultry manure 5:1 33.9 25.5 21.4 The experimental design for the greenhouse experiments was a randomized complete block design with four manure-based amendment treatments, an untreated control, and a positive control using fluopyram (Velum® Prime; FRAC code 7); each treatment had five replicates, for a total of 30 experimental units. The treatments were selected based on results obtained from previous field trials where two different manure-based amendments showed the greatest reduction of P. penetrans. One was composted poultry and cattle manure amended with wood ash (compost A), and the second one was raw poultry manure (Morgan Composting Inc. Sears, MI) (Table 1). Because the main goal of this experiment was to determine the influence of the manure-based amendments microbiome on the natural potato soil microbiome, we also included autoclaved compost A and autoclaved raw poultry manure. For the autoclaving process, 200g of each manure-based amendment was autoclaved twice at 121˚C for 30 minutes and that same day, treatments were applied to the respective pots. The experiment was set up in 1.5-gallon round black plastic pots with drainage holes (21.5 cm in diameter by 21.5 cm deep). Two days before scheduled planting, each pot was filled with a total of 5.5 kg of soil, and manure-based amendment treatments were incorporated with the soil by hand at a rate equal to 3.08 tons/ha. Potato cv. Russet Norkotah seed was obtained from Walther Farms (Three Rivers, MI) and cut into 56.7 g seed pieces; one seed piece was planted in each pot. Initial soil samples were taken before treatment application to determine the abundance of different plant-parasitic nematodes and free-living nematodes, however, artificial inoculation of P. penetrans was made to ensure the threshold at which symptoms are displayed in potatoes. Pratylenchus penetrans inoculum was obtained from the Michigan State University Applied Table of Contents 59 Nematology Lab in-vitro cultures maintained on carrot disks. Two weeks after planting, each pot was artificially inoculated with P. penetrans at a rate of 3 nematodes/g of soil, for a total of 16,500 P. penetrans mixed stages (juveniles, adults, and eggs) per pot. One week after inoculation, the respective pots were treated with fluopyram (Velum® Prime; FRAC code 7) by soil drenching at a rate of 496.47 ml/ha, while the untreated pots were treated with an equal amount of water. Pots were watered daily and the greenhouse environmental conditions were 16h:8h light: dark photoperiod at 26℃. The potato variety used in these experiments is medium maturing (95 to 110 days after planting), therefore the experiment was kept for a total of 90 days, which would also allow at least two P. penetrans reproduction cycles. Table of Contents 60 The measurements taken throughout the growing season were as follows: Soil sampling before planting Samples will be submitted to BiomeMakers Inc. for soil microbial analysis. Plant height Plant height Soil sampling 30d after treatment app. Samples will be submitted for soil microbial analysis. Soil and root samples will be processed for nematode analysis Plant height Plant height Soil sampling at harvest. Samples will be submitted for soil microbial analysis. Soil and root samples will be processed for nematode analysis. Plant heigh, shoot height, root length and weight will also be recorded Results and Conclusions Plant Height and Potato Yield Plants that were treated with manure-based amendments were 10% taller than the untreated control and the Velum control. Interestingly, plants were higher with the “Poultry Manure Sterile” treatment, with an average of 44.2 cm. In contrast, the smallest plants were found in the “Untreated” control with an average of 33.2 cm. Nevertheless, plants were the tallest with applications of manure-based amendments (Figure 1). Table of Contents 61 Figure 1. Average plant height measurements in centimeters were taken every week for the duration of the experiment. The different line colors represent the different points in time in which measurements were taken. A B Figure 2. A. Average number of tubers for each treatment and B. Average weight of tubers in grams. On average, the highest number of tubers were found in “Poultry Manure non-Sterile” with 23.4 tubers produced. On the contrary, the “Untreated” control had an average of 13.4 tubers produced. As for the heaviest tubers, “Poultry Manure Sterile” had the heaviest tubers with an average of 207 g, for an average of 19.2 number of tubers, while “Poultry Manure non-Sterile” had an average weight of 188.8 g. As for the “Untreated” control, the average weight was 134 g, however, the lowest weight of tubers was found in “LAB Sterile” with an average of 16.8 tubers with an average weight of 130.6 g (Figure 2). Pratylenchus penetrans Abundance in Soil and Roots P. Penetrans populations were the lowest with applications of the manure-based amendments. On Average, the lowest number of P. penetrans per 100 cc of soil was found in “Poultry Manure non-Sterile” (135 nems/100 cc of soil), followed by “LAB non-Sterile” (190 nems/100 cc of soil), “LAB Sterile” (191 nems/100 cc of soil), and “PM Sterile” ( 211 nems/100 cc of soil), in comparison to the “Untreated” control (445 nems/100 cc of soil), and “Velum” (986 nems/100 cc of soil ) (Figure 3A). Table of Contents 62 Although P. penetrans populations within the roots increased over time, the plants that were treated with poultry manure, whether sterile or not, resulted in the lowest number of nematodes found per gram of root (Figure 3B). At harvest, on average, “Poultry Manure nonSterile” had the lowest numbers of P. penetrans per gram of root with 223 nems/g of root, followed by “Poultry Manure Sterile” with 305 nems/g of root. In comparison, the “Untreated” control had an average of 1,786 nems/g of root, while “Velum” had an average of 1,346.9 nems/g of root. A B Figure 3. A. The average number of P. penetrans per 100 cc of soil 45 days after treatment application and at harvest. B. Average number of P. penetrans per gram of root 45 days after treatment application and at harvest. Free-living Nematodes Abundance in Soil Free-living nematode abundance increased with applications of manure-based amendments. At harvest, on average, the highest number of free-living nematodes was found in “LAB Sterile” with 6,495 nems/100cc, while the “Untreated” control had an average of 1,524 nems/100 cc of soil, and “Velum” had an average of 1,127 nems/100 cc of soil (Figure 4). Table of Contents 63 Figure 4. Average of free-living nematode abundance in soil 45 days after treatment application and at harvest. Effect of Manure-based Amendments Application of Potato Natural Soil Microbiome The fungal phylum distribution for the poultry manure and the compost blend was different. Poultry manure had a fungal distribution of 84% Ascomycota, 5% Mucoromycota, 4% Mortierellomycota, 3% Basidiomycota and 2% Olpidiomycota. As for the bacterial distribution, there were 58% Firmicutes, 36% Actinobacteriota and 4% Proteobacteria. In contrast, the compost blend had a fungal distribution of 50% Ascomycota, 33% Basidiomycota, and 12% Mortierellomycota. As for the bacteria phyla, 86% were Firmicutes, 9% Actinobacteriota, 3% Proteobacteria and 1% Bacteroidota. Applications of manure-based amendments significantly affected the potato soil microbiome. 30 days after treatment application, the soil microbiome functionality increased significantly in poultry manure, sterile poultry manure, the compost blend (p-value<0.01), and the sterilized compost blend (p-value=0.05), when compared to the untreated control. Similarly, 90 days after treatment application, the functionality of the different microbial communities increased significantly in poultry manure, sterile poultry manure (p-value<0.01), and the sterilized compost blend (p-value=0.04), when compared to the untreated control. The predictive functionality analyses determined that compared to the “Untreated” control, “Poultry Manure Sterile” had the highest increase in beneficial microbiome activity such as auxin production, cytokinin production, gibberellin acid production, heavy metal solubilization, salicylic Table of Contents 64 acid, and siderophore production. In contrast, the “LAB” treatments only increased gibberellin acid production and salicylic acid production. Future Work Currently, we are working on conducting more statistical analysis to answer the following questions: Is the application of such manure-based amendments stimulating the growth and functionality of beneficial native soil organisms? Are the microbes present in the amendments having an antagonistic effect on the native soil organisms? Are there particular microbial taxa that serve as major predictors of such functional traits? If so, is it the dominant microbes or rare ones? This will aid in answering fundamental questions that will be integrated with future findings from more field, greenhouse, and microplot trials that we have already started. With these results, we will potentially be able to provide a holistic understanding of manure-based amendments' pesticidal effect, which will lead to an improved design of amendments for nematode control. Acknowledgments We want to thank the Michigan Potato Industry Commission for funding this project and BiomeMakers Inc. for their DNA sequencing services. Table of Contents 65 Impacts of Phosphorus Programs on Potato Tuber Set and Yield Kurt Steinke, Associate Professor, Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management Andrew Chomas, Research Specialist Michigan State University See soil.msu.edu for more information. Location: Entrican, MI Planting Date: May 15, 2023 Harvest: Sept. 25, 2023 Soil Type: Loamy sand; 1.5 OM; 6.3 pH; 153 ppm P; 126 ppm K; CEC: 5.5 Variety: Mackinaw Treatment (lbs./A) Petiole P 30 DAE % 0.42 ab 0.25 c 0.35 abc Petiole P 45 DAE % 0.17 c 0.17 c 0.15 c Tubers/ 5 ft row Tillage: Conv., 34-in. row Trt’s: See below Emerge: June 7 Hill: June 19 Replicated: 4 replications Total A’s cwt/A 295 cd 299 cd 353 ab Total Yield cwt/A 336 bc 338 bc 394 a 80 P2O5 - At-plant 27.5 80 P2O5 - Emerge 29.2 80 P2O5 - Split 50/50 37.7 At-plant/Emerge 160 P2O5 - At-plant 0.47 a 0.18 bc 29.0 330 abc 371 ab 160 P2O5 - Emerge 0.37 abc 0.23 a 33.1 313 bcd 341 bc 160 P2O5 - Split 50/50 0.45 a 0.22 ab 34.7 376 a 411 a At-plant/Emerge Check – No P 0.29 bc 0.15 c 31.4 266 d 300 c LSD (0.10) a 0.16 0.034 NS 48.6 44.4 a LSD, least significant difference between means within a column at (α = 0.10). Summary: Phosphorus continues to be both a water quality and production agriculture concern across Michigan including potato production. Questions persist regarding optimal P application timings and whether higher P application rates may be reduced with multiple P application timings. Tuber set is often more sensitive to P additions as compared to yield. Examples do exist where P fertilizer additions may increase total numbers of tubers per plant but without a concurrent increase in yield. Increased tuber set plant-1 without increased yield may mistakenly lead to greater rates of P application due to anecdotal causation relationships. All treatments (other than check) received either 80 or 160 lbs. P2O5 per acre applied as 10-34-0. Each P2O5 rate was applied 2x2 at-plant, banded at emergence, or 50/50 at-plant and emergence. Table of Contents 66 Nitrogen applications were near 225 lb. N/A total applied at emergence, hilling, and post-hilling. Potassium and gypsum were applied according to soil test and grower standard practices. Trial quality was good. No significant specific gravity differences occurred with all treatments at 1.09. Some reductions in 30 DAE petiole P were observed with low P2O5 rates at emergence as compared to at-plant and split applications. No 30 DAE petiole P differences occurred across application timings at the 160 P2O5 rate. At 45 DAE, no differences observed at 80 P2O5. However at the 160 P2O5 rate, 45 DAE petiole P concentrations were greater with emergence applications as compared to at-plant but no differences occurred between emergence and split applications. Tuber counts were not significantly different. Split P2O5 applications tended to yield greater than all P2O5 at-plant or at emergence. Split P2O5 applications at the 80 lb rate yielded similar to split P2O5 applications at the 160 lb rate. Please visit soil.msu.edu for further details and other field crop research results. Table of Contents 67 Potash and Chloride: Plant Uptake and Effects on Potato Production Kurt Steinke, Associate Professor, Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management Andrew Chomas, Research Specialist Michigan State University See soil.msu.edu for more information. Location: Entrican, MI Planting Date: May 15, 2023 Harvest: Sept. 25, 2023 Soil Type: Loamy sand; 1.5 OM; 6.3 pH; 153 ppm P; 126 ppm K; CEC: 5.5 Variety: Mackinaw Treatment (lbs./A) Petiole K 30 DAE Petiole Cl 30 DAE Tubers/ 5 ft row Tillage: Conv., 34-in. row Trt’s: See below Emerge: June 7 Hill: June 19 Replicated: 4 replications Total Yield Tuber %K Tuber % Cl % % cwt/A % % Check - No K2O (0 Cl) 9.19 c 1.32 d 25.3 a 349 a 1.54 d 0.12 c 100 K2O (75 Cl) 9.90 bc 2.03 c 43.0 a 339 a 1.75 c 0.18 bc 200 K2O (152 Cl) 11.03 a 2.36 bc 29.5 a 343 a 1.86 bc 0.24 b 300 K2O (227 Cl) 10.39 ab 2.11 c 34.8 a 319 a 2.02 ab 0.26 b 400 K2O (303 Cl) 11.06 a 2.98 a 31.7 a 351 a 2.23 a 0.39 a 500 K2O (381 Cl) 11.16 a 2.90 ab 35.0 a 349 a 2.17 a 0.39 a a LSD (0.10) 0.86 0.59 NS NS 0.19 0.07 a LSD, least significant difference between means within a column at (α = 0.10). Summary: Growers apply potassium in greater quantities than nitrogen across many potato agroecosystems. Muriate of potash (i.e., KCl) historically has been the most cost-effective K source but also contains 47% chloride. Chloride is increasingly being discussed as a water quality concern, and chloride toxicity or sensitivity is often discussed but few data available to support. As potash prices have increased over the last several years, interest in negative growth issues from KCl has increased especially considering other K sources come at a significant cost premium. Potash treatments included six treatments of 0-500 lb K2O/A applied in 100 lb. K2O increments. Treatments resulted in chloride applications of 0, 75, 152, 227, 303, and 381 lb Cl/A for corresponding K2O treatments. Potash was applied pre-plant incorporated the day of planting. Nitrogen applications were near 225 lb. N/A total N applied between emergence, hilling, and Table of Contents 68 post-hilling. Phosphorus and gypsum were applied according to soil test and grower standard practices. Trial quality was good. No significant specific gravity differences occurred with all treatments between 1.09 - 1.10. At K2O rates > 200 lb./A, reduced canopy closure was observed at 30 DAE. Petiole K 30 DAE concentrations were above critical levels at K2O rates > 200 lb/A with no differences above 200 lb./A. Chloride 30 DAE petiole concentrations were similar at K2O rates between 100-300 lb./A and significantly greater at the 400 and 500 K2O rates. Even at the extremely high K2O application rates of 400-500 lbs./A, chloride petiole concentrations were not considered toxic which literature reports at concentrations > 4.5%. No statistical differences occurred from K2O application rates for tuber counts per 5 ft. of row, total A production, or total yield. Tuber K concentrations peaked at 300 lbs. K2O/A with no differences between the 200 and 300 lb. K2O application rates. Tuber chloride concentrations peaked at rates > 400 lb. K2O/A with no differences between the 100-300 lb. K2O/A application rates. For future reference, literature discusses potato petiole chloride concentrations at 0.070.14% as deficient, ~1.8% normal, and > 4.5% toxic. Literature cited potato tuber chloride concentrations are considered deficient at 0.1%, 0.2% normal, and 0.33% as high. As environmental concerns related to chloride watershed contamination increase, producers may wish to consider examining irrigation water sources for chloride concentrations to be sure additional or even excessive chloride is not being added to fields via irrigation especially during dry weather periods as observed in Michigan during spring and early summer 2023. Please visit soil.msu.edu for further details and other field crop research results. Table of Contents 69 Diagnostic optimization of viral detection and characterization of Potato virus Y for the Michigan seed potato certification program, 2023 Mio Satoh-Cruz1, Stefanie Rhodes2, Damen Kurzer3, Elizabeth Dorman2 and Jaime Willbur1; 1 Michigan State University, Dept. Plant, Soil and Microbial Science, Potato and Sugar Beet Pathology; 2Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Pesticide and Plant Pest Management Division, Plant Pathology; 3Michigan Seed Potato Association The MSU Potato and Sugar Beet Pathology (PSBP) program continues to work with the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Michigan Seed Potato Association to: 1) investigate improved detection options to identify accurate, timely, and cost-effective methods for use in Michigan seed potato certification, 2) monitor PVY strain and other tuber necrotic virus prevalence in Michigan seed potatoes, and 3) investigate PVY strain by chipping potato variety responses. Materials & Methods: In 2023, we selected two seed lots for validation of direct tuber testing methods (Chikh-Ali et al. 2013; Lorenzen et al. 2006, 2010; Mackenzie et al. 2015). Samples of 400 tubers were taken from each seed lot. Positive samples from three additional lots were tested to further confirm accuracy. Direct tuber RT-PCR testing was conducted in 25-tuber subsamples. After treatment with Rindite to break dormancy, subsamples were planted and grown out for standard leaflet ELISA. Results from summer visual inspection, direct tuber, and leaflet ELISA methods were compared (Table 1). Subsets of positive samples (from research and commercial testing) will be subject to PVY strain confirmation by RT-PCR. We also are repeating assays to assess PVY strain by variety responses (Gundersen et al. 2019). Based on Michigan survey observations, four strains (N:Wi, NTN, N:O, O) were obtained from collaborators at the University of Idaho. Six varieties were selected for repeat growth chamber experiments: Snowden, Lamoka, Mackinaw, Lady Liberty, Petoskey, and MSZ242-13 (Dundee). In 2023, three varieties were added, MSW474-1, NY163, and Manistee, and screened using three Michigan PVY isolates (N:Wi, NTN, N:O) in a greenhouse assay. These entries represent current chip varieties used in Michigan and elite experimental varieties originating from the MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics program. These experiments are currently in progress for 2023-24. Results & Conclusions: Validation of direct tuber testing methods In 2023, our experiments indicated 100% accuracy between positive samples from direct tuber tests and positives from leaflet ELISA tests. In addition, there was 90% agreement in these methods for the extra lot samples tested. This year, the conventional leaflet ELISA methods identified higher PVY incidences than corresponding direct tuber tests. The qPCR thresholds used will be re-evaluated and adjusted accordingly. In-progress are several tests evaluating immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) (Chikh-Ali and Karasev, 2015) methods used by Montana, Idaho and Wisconsin certification programs. These methods will be further compared for accuracy, efficiency, and cost for adoption in Michigan. Table of Contents 70 Table 1. RT-PCR and ELISA results from seed lots assessed for PVY incidence based on summer field inspections. Results are based on positive PVY detections (%) using direct tuber methods in 2023 (N=number of 25-tuber subsamples tested). Variety a A B Typical Symptom Expression Reliable Reliable N 16 16 Visual Summer (Jun-Jul) 0.00 0.00 Direct Tuber RT-PCR (Oct-Nov) 0.53 1.86 Leaflet ELISA test was performed 10 leaf subsamples (N=40). Leaflet ELISA Greenhousea (Jan) 1.16 2.84 Prevalence of PVY strain types in Michigan seed growing regions In 2023-24, PVY strains were characterized from approximately 10,200 tubers tested in 2023-24 (Figure.1). Observations from the past five years suggest that PVYN-Wi remains most prevalent, however, PVYNTN continues to be detected and we observed one sample with co-infection of PVYN:Wi and PVYO strains this year. NTN and E, as well as some N:Wi isolates, are known tuber necrotic strains. Thus, their frequencies must be closely monitored. Strain typing in leaf material received from Hawaii is currently in progress. Survey of seed lots for tuber necrotic viruses Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) in Michigan is ongoing. Figure 1. Representative PVY strains collected from Michigan potato seed certification program postharvest tests. In 2020-21, N = 212 positives in 17,752 total samples. In 2021-22, N = 57 positives in 21,600 total samples. In 2022-23, N= 54 positives in 7,150 total samples. IN 2023-24, N= 62 positives in 10,200 total samples. *In 2023, nine positive samples were included as N:Wi; Chikh-Ali et al. (2013) primers indicated suspect N:Wi but confirmation using Lorenzen et al. (2006) multiplex primers did not distinguish between N:O and N:Wi strains. Screening of PVY strain x variety responses In repeat bioassay experiment, potato variety responses of daughter plants were measured after mechanical infection of mother plants with four PVY strains for growth chamber and three strain for greenhouse assay. We observed mild to severe foliar symptoms depending on strain and variety. Across varieties, reductions in total tuber weight relative to the mock-inoculated control were observed with N:Wi strains reaching 23% and 38% in growth chamber and greenhouse assays, respectively. Direct tuber tests of daughter tubers showed an average 94.2% (range of 83.0 to 100%) of positive tubers originating from PVY-infected susceptible mother plants. In resistant varieties, Mackinaw and Lady Liberty, no detectable levels of virus were observed in daughter tubers. Table of Contents 71 In these experiments, yield of PVY-resistant varieties, Mackinaw and Lady Liberty, appear less impacted by seedborne infection while others appear more sensitive to certain strains (e.g., Snowden and Lamoka to N:Wi and NTN, Petoskey and Snowden to strain O, and NY163 to strain N:Wi and NTN). Confirmation of these observations is in progress, and will identify PVY resistance to multiple strains, further informing variety selection and breeding efforts. Overall Summary: • • • Direct tuber methods continue to agree with grow out methods. These tools aim to complement observations made in summer and winter field inspections and to offer a rapid option for use in seed certification testing, particularly in latent varieties, and early decision making. Observations from the past five years suggest that PVYN-Wi remains most prevalent, however, tuber necrotic strain PVYNTN also continues to be detected. Bioassay results of variety by strain screening efforts suggest tuber yield impacts and foliar symptoms may be observed from seed infected with common Michigan strains. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the Michigan potato growers, the Michigan Potato Industry Commission, the Michigan Seed Potato Association, the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, as well as the USDA-NIFA-SCRI Grant No. 2020-51181-32136 and national Potato Virus Initiative: Developing Solutions for the continued support and productive collaborations necessary to continue this research. Table of Contents 72 Assessment of variety resistance to four postharvest diseases of potato in Michigan, 2023 Sarah Ruth, Emma Schlachter, David Douches, Chris Long, and Jaime F. Willbur; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Cultivars with postharvest disease resistance can provide economical and effective management. However, robust phenotyping of variety responses is needed. In this study, commercial lines and germplasm from chipping, yellow and red market classes were assessed for resistance to four major postharvest diseases: Fusarium dry rot, bacterial soft rot, pink rot, and Pythium leak. Materials and Methods During 2022-23, 10 chipping lines, 6 red, and 16 yellow lines comprising commercial varieties and research germplasm were assessed for resistance response to dry rot, soft rot, pink rot, and leak. Chipping lines were obtained from the Potatoes USA-SNAC International Trial (Montcalm County) and were tested at three replicate timepoints (4 tubers/timepoint). Red and yellow lines were collected from the Potato Outreach Program on-farm trials at 4-L Farms (Kalamazoo County), Styma Potato Farms (Presque Isle County), and Walther Farms (St. Joseph County) and were tested at two replicate timepoints (5 tubers/location/timepoint). Asymptomatic tubers were rinsed with tap water, surface disinfested with 10% bleach solution for 30 seconds, and rinsed with deionized water, before air-drying overnight at ambient conditions. For all pathogens, 10uL of inoculum was injected to a 1 cm depth at the apical and basal ends of each tuber using a Hamilton® syringe (710 series, 100uL volume). Tubers were inoculated with suspensions of the following: 2 x 104 Fusarium sambucinum conidia/mL in potato dextrose broth; 2 x 104 Phytophthora erythroseptica zoospores/mL in Petri’s solution; 5 x 104 Pythium ultimum oogonia/mL in potato dextrose broth; or 8 x 108 Pectobacterium carotovorum cfu/mL in LB broth. Tests for dry rot and pink rot were incubated in paper bags under ambient conditions for 28 or 6 days, respectively. Pythium leak and soft rot tests were incubated in plastic bags with moist paper towels at room temperature for 6 days. After incubation, tubers were sliced longitudinally through inoculation sites and internal symptom width and depth were measured using digital calipers. Data was analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) conducted with the generalized linear mixed model (GLIMMIX) procedure in SAS v. 9.4, and means were compared using Fisher’s protected LSD (α=0.05). Overall Summary Experimental methods were optimized for screening postharvest disease resistance in chipping, red, and yellow potato entries using Michigan pathogen isolates. No relationship was observed between resistance responses to different diseases; however, several varieties, including MSZ242-13 (now Dundee) and MSAFB635-15, possessed at least moderate resistance to all four diseases. Ongoing screening will help to inform growing operations, management practices, and breeding directions. In 2023-24, screening is in progress and will be expanded to include additional Fusarium sp., identified during surveys of Michigan storage piles. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the grower cooperators and key industry representatives who contributed to this research, our fellow researchers and undergraduate research assistants in the Michigan State University Potato and Sugar Beet Pathology and Potato Outreach programs, the Montcalm Research Center, the Michigan Potato Industry Commission, MSU AgBioResearch, and the MSU RTSF Genomics Core for their continued support of our research. Table of Contents 73 Symptoma�c area (mm^2) Figure 1. Responses of 10 chipping potato lines to dry rot, pink rot, Pythium leak, and soft rot. Bars with the same letter not significantly different based on Fisher’s protected LSD (α=0.05). Means are across apical and basal end responses (P < 0.0001) for dry rot, pink rot, and soft rot; means for apical end for Pythium leak (P < 0.05). Tubers were from the Potatoes USA-SNAC International Trial location in Montcalm County, tested in three replicate timepoints. Lamoka and Snowden (solid outline) were used as commercial checks. Dry Rot - Chip Entry Responses - Across End ( P < 0.0001) 600 a 500 400 b 300 bc b-d 200 b-d b-d c-e c-e 100 0 W15125-4 Lamoka MSW474-1 MSAFB609-12 NY168 MSZ242-13 MSAFB635-15 W15NYR11-13 de e NY163 Snowden c c c NY168 MSAFB635-15 NY163 Entry ID Symptoma�c area (mm^2) Pink Rot - Chip Entry Responses - Across End ( P < 0.0001) 700 a a a 600 500 400 b 300 bc bc 200 bc 100 0 W15NYR11-13 Snowden Lamoka MSZ242-13 MSW474-1 W15125-4 MSAFB609-12 Entry ID Symptoma�c area (mm^2) Pythium Leak - Chip Entry Responses - Apical End ( P < 0.05) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 a ab ab a-c b-d b-d b-d b-d cd MSAFB609-12 W15125-4 Lamoka W15NYR11-13 NY168 NY163 MSZ242-13 MSW474-1 Snowden d MSAFB635-15 Entry ID Symptoma�c area (mm^2) So� Rot - Chip Entry Responses - Across End ( P < 0.0001) 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 a a a a ab ab bc bc bc c Lamoka W15NYR11-13 MSAFB609-12 NY168 W15125-4 NY163 Snowden MSZ242-13 MSW474-1 MSAFB635-15 Entry ID Table of Contents 74 Figure 2. Responses of 6 red potato lines to dry rot, pink rot, Pythium leak, and soft rot. Bars with the same letter not significantly different based on Fisher’s protected LSD (α=0.05). Means are across apical and basal end responses (P < 0.0001) in tubers from three MSU Potato Outreach Program field locations (4-L Farms, Styma, and Walther’s Cass City) tested in two replicate timepoints. Dark Red Norland (outlined in black) was used as a commercial check. Symptoma�c area (mm^2) Symptoma�c area (mm^2) Dry Rot - Red Entry Responses - Across End (P < 0.0001) 500 1200 a 400 300 b 200 bc cd d NDAF12143-1 NDAF113484B-1 100 0 NDA050237B-1R CO099076-6R MSCC553-1R d Dark Red Norland Entry ID Pink Rot - Red Entry Responses - Across End (P < 0.0001) 1000 a b 800 c 600 d 400 de e 200 0 NDAF113484B-1 Dark Red Norland MSCC553-1R NDA050237B-1R CO099076-6R NDAF12143-1 Entry ID Symptoma�c area (mm^2) Pythium Leak - Red Entry Responses - Across End (P < 0.0001) 1200 1000 a 800 b c 600 400 d d NDAF12143-1 NDA050237B-1R d 200 0 Dark Red Norland NDAF113484B-1 MSCC553-1R CO099076-6R Entry ID Symptoma�c area (mm^2) So� Rot - Red Entry Responses - Across End (P < 0.0001) 500 400 a a 300 ab 200 bc bc MSCC553-1R NDA050237B-1R c 100 0 CO099076-6R NDAF12143-1 Dark Red Norland NDAF113484B-1 Entry ID Table of Contents 75 Figure 3. Responses of 16 yellow potato lines to dry rot, pink rot, Pythium leak and soft rot. Bars with the same letter not significantly different based on Fisher’s protected LSD (α=0.05). Means are across apical and basal end responses (P < 0.0001) in tubers from three MSU Potato Outreach Program field locations (4-L Farms, Styma, and Walther’s Cass City) tested in two replicate timepoints. Symptoma�c area (mm^2) Dry Rot - Yellow Entry Responses - Across End (P < 0.0001) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 a a ab ab bc b-d c-e c-e de ef ef ef ef fg g g Symptoma�c area (mm^2) Entry ID Pink Rot - Yellow Entry Responses - Across End (P < 0.0001) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 a a b b b c c cd c-e c-e de de de e e f Entry ID Symptoma�c area (mm^2) Pythium Leak - Yellow Entry Responses - Across End (P < 0.0001) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 a ab ab ab a-c a-d a-d a-d a-d b-d c-f c-e de de e ef f f Entry ID Symptoma�c area (mm^2) So� Rot - Yellow Entry Responses - Across End (P < 0.0001) 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 a ab b b-d b-d b-d b-e de de de c-e e e e Table of Contents 76 Investigating the use of impaction samplers and qPCR methods for detection of foliar pathogens in potato fields, 2023 Sarah Ruth1, Chris Long1, Steve Whittington2, Mio Satoh-Cruz1, and Jaime F. Willbur1; 1Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences; 2Michigan State University Extension, Montcalm County Office Late blight detections were reported in Montcalm County, Michigan in 2022 and in neighboring regions in 2019, 2020, and in 2021. Spore samplers coupled with quantitative PCR assays have the potential to be an efficient and inexpensive tool for early detection of late blight outbreaks. Rotating arm impaction samplers were built and deployed during the 2023 growing season to: 1) monitor for P. infestans sporangia in commercial fields 2) investigate the range of detection from an inoculated field, and 3) compare sporangia detection levels to those of a suction-based spore sampler. Materials and Methods i. Commercial detection Twelve rotating arm impaction samplers were built based on schematics developed by the MSU Small Fruit, Field Crops, and Forest Pathology programs (Fig. 1). Samplers were placed near six commercial potato fields located in Montcalm and St. Joseph counties. One sampler was deployed at each commercial site and at the Montcalm Research Center in Stanton, MI. The Montcalm fields were selected for proximity to previous late blight detections in 2022. Each week, sampling rods were collected and transported to MSU where their DNA was extracted, and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was performed (Lees et al. 2012). ii. Range from an inoculated source The range of detection for these spore samplers was evaluated using Fig. 1. Rotating arm impaction an inoculated potato research trial located at the Plant Pathology Farm sampler deployed in a in East Lansing, MI. The field was inoculated on August 31 and commercial potato field in 2023. symptoms were first detected visually on September 7. One sampler was placed on the Eastern edge of the field and served as a positive control. Two more were placed 500 m northwest of the inoculated field, a distance which has previously been used as an outer limit of spore sampler detection (Aylor et al. 2011). One trap was maintained at a height of 4 ft, the other was positioned at 20 ft to better capture long-distance sporangial movement. All three samplers were monitored weekly. iii. Spore sampler comparison The rotating arm samplers were also compared with a Burkard 7-day recording volumetric spore trap, which has been shown to collect higher concentrations of spores and was therefore considered a ‘gold’ standard (Sutton and Jones 1976; Aylor 1993). One rotating arm sampler was placed at the East edge of the inoculated late blight field, immediately adjacent to a Burkard sampler. Rods from the rotating arm sampler were collected daily, and the Cq values were used to estimate the average number of sporangia/ml air (Aylor 2017). For the Burkard samplers, sections of tape corresponding to one day of sampling were examined under a compound light microscope at 100x magnification. Putative sporangia were counted on two cross-sections of the tape comprising one third of the sampling area and counts were normalized to sporangia/ml air. Table of Contents 77 Results and Conclusions i. Commercial detection No late blight was reported in MI in 2023, which was consistent with qPCR results as no sporangia were detected from samplers placed in commercial fields. Preliminary tests verified that the qPCR assay was sensitive to a single sporangium, even on rods coated with grease and field soil, to mimic realistic samples. Standard curves were produced correlating Cq values to concentrations of DNA and numbers of sporangia extracted from the rods (Fig. 2). Future optimization of this assay will implement a more inhibitor-tolerant master mix to improve qPCR efficiency. Fig. 2. qPCR standard curves generated using (A) serial dilutions for P. infestans DNA and (B) DNA extracted from rods inoculated with known quantities of P. infestans sporangia (Thiessen et al 2016). ii. Range from an inoculated source The sampler placed on the edge of the inoculated field detected P. infestans on the same week as visual scouting. However, no positive detections were made 500 m away at 4 ft and the 20 ft sampler only detected P. infestans once during peak infection (Table 1). Table 1. Cq values obtained from samplers near an inoculated late blight field at the plant pathology farm in East Lansing, MI. Samples were collected weekly, and dates represent the last date of the sampling period. Dates marked with a “-” had no detectable level of late blight in the qPCR test. Dates marked with an “x” were not sampled at that location. The field was inoculated on Aug 31 and the first visual detection was made on Sep 7. Location Field edge 500m NE 500m NE iii. Sampler Height (ft) 4 4 20 3 10 July 17 25 31 7 August 14 21 28 5 September 11 18 25 2 9 x x x x x x x x - 36.6 - - - 34.7 - 33.2 - 37.5 - x x - 28.6 32.7 38.3 - October 16 23 - 29.2 - Spore sampler comparison The Burkard was able to detect infection three days before visual late blight, while the rotating arm sampler made its first detection four days after visual detection. As expected, the Burkard sampler consistently detected higher levels of sporangia compared to the rotating arm sampler (Table 2). Overall, the rotating arm samplers were less sensitive than Burkard standard; however, they offer potential sensitive and low-cost options capable of detecting sporangia within a week of visual symptoms, providing useful information to growers. Table of Contents 78 30 - Table 2. Comparison of daily estimates of airborne sporangia/ml air detected by the Burkard and rotating arm samplers. Bolded values indicate positive sporangia detections. Date 8/31/2023a 9/1/2023 9/2/2023 9/3/2023 9/4/2023 9/5/2023 9/6/2023 9/7/2023b 9/8/2023 9/9/2023 9/10/2023 9/11/2023 9/12/2023 9/13/2023 9/14/2023 9/15/2023 a b Burkard (sporangia/ml air) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.11 0.11 0.21 0.21 0.11 0.32 0.53 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.21 Rotating Arm (sporangia/ml air) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 Date 9/16/2023 9/17/2023 9/18/2023 9/19/2023 9/20/2023 9/21/2023 9/22/2023 9/23/2023 9/24/2023 9/25/2023 9/26/2023 9/27/2023 9/28/2023 9/29/2023 9/30/2023 10/1/2023 Burkard (sporangia/ml air) 0.95 2.32 2.00 3.79 8.75 12.86 24.45 50.89 182.40 295.99 161.01 359.53 89.88 34.56 21.92 19.81 Rotating Arm (sporangia/ml air) 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.18 Date the field inoculation Date of first visual late blight detection Overall Summary First-year testing demonstrated that the rotating arm impaction samplers, combined with qPCR assays, can be used detect late blight from fields in Michigan and may be of useful to augment visual scouting efforts. Additional optimization is needed to address limitations in range of detection and efficiency before large-scale implementation of spore samplers becomes a viable option for commercial growers. Experiments will be repeated in 2024. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the grower cooperators who allowed us to test samplers in their fields, our fellow researchers and undergraduate research assistants in the Michigan State University Potato and Sugar Beet Pathology and Potato Outreach programs, the Montcalm Research Center, the Michigan Potato Industry Commission, and Michigan State University Project GREEEN for the continued support of our research. Table of Contents 79 POTATO (Solanum tuberosum ‘Lamoka’) Pythium Leak; Pythium ultimum C. Bloomingdale and J.F. Willbur Dept. Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 Evaluation of seed treatment and in-furrow fungicides to manage Pythium leak of potato in Michigan, 2023. A field trial was established at the Montcalm Research Center in Stanton, MI to test the efficacy of seed treatment and infurrow fungicides for managing Pythium leak of potato. A randomized complete block design was used, and treatments were replicated four times. US#1 ‘Lamoka’ potatoes were cut into 2-oz seed pieces and left to suberize. Seed was treated 23 May via slurry (3.2 fl oz/cwt) in a cement mixer and the trial was hand-planted 24 May in loamy sand soil. Plots were two rows wide (34-in row spacing) by 20 ft long and seeded at 1.2 seed/row-ft. Inoculations and in-furrow applications were made before closing furrows. Plots were inoculated with a wet millet and rye mix infested with P. ultimum at a volume of 12.5 mL/row-ft. Fungicides were applied using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer, equipped with TJ2503 nozzles (6 gal/A; 43 psi). Program 10 received three foliar applications using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer, equipped with TJ8003 nozzles (20 gal/A; 40 psi). Application dates were 4 Jul (nickel size tubers), 11 Jul, and 18 Jul. Stand establishment was monitored early season and disease data were collected after harvest. Both rows of plots were harvested on 10 Oct. After grading, a target of 50 tubers were selected to put in storage to assess leak incidence at a future time. Stored tubers were longitudinally cut in half 16 Nov to assess internal leak incidence. Stem counts from 29 Jun, internal leak incidence (DI), and estimated marketable yield (cwt/A) were compared among treatments. A generalized linear mixed model procedure was used to conduct the ANOVA and mean separations at the α=0.05 significance level (SAS version 9.4). Significant differences were observed among stem counts (P < 0.001). Stem counts in the trial ranged from 49.5 to 86.5 stems per plot, with the highest stem counts observed in programs 1, 5, 6, and 7. No differences were observed in DI (P > 0.05), and incidence was overall low in the trial. Marketable yield did not differ among treatments, however, all programs except 1, 3, and 10 had numerically greater yields than the inoculated control. No. Treatmentz (Ratey) Timingx 1 2 3 4 5 Stem Counts (29 Jun)w 76.5 abc 66.5 cd 49.5 e 66.5 cd 83.3 ab Internal Leak Incidence (%)v 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 Marketable Yield (cwt/A) 271 286 244 328 353 Non-Inoculated Control Inoculated Control Revus 2.09 SC (0.4 fl oz) A Revus 2.09 SC (8 fl oz) B Revus 2.09 SC (8 fl oz) B Orondis Gold DC (27.8 fl oz) B 6 Orondis Gold DC (27.8 fl oz) B 86.5 a 0.6 357 7 Orondis Gold DC (48 fl oz) B 77.5 abc 0.0 298 8 Elumin (8 fl oz) B 75.3 abc 0.7 319 9 Ridomil Gold 465 SL (6.1 fl oz) B 69.5 bd 0.0 312 10 Phostrol (7 pt) CDE 61.0 de 0.0 271 11 Vibrance Ultra Potato (0.5 fl oz) A 64.8 cd 0.0 293 Cruiser 600 FS (0.128 fl oz) A Orondis Gold DC (27.8 fl oz) B z Programs 1-10 included a seed treatment of CruiserMaxx Vibrance Potato (0.5 fl oz/cwt) to manage off-target pests. y Application rates for A=quantity/cwt and B, C, D, and E=quantity/A x Application timings were: A (seed treatment) = 23 May; B (in-furrow) = 24 May; C = 4 Jul; D =11 Jul; E =18 Jul. w Column values followed by the same letter were not significantly different based on Fisher’s Protected LSD (α=0.05). v Internal leak incidence for each plot was calculated from 50 arbitrarily selected tubers cut in half. Table of Contents 80 POTATO (Solanum tuberosum ‘Lamoka’) Early Blight; Alternaria solani Brown Spot; Alternaria alternata C. Bloomingdale and J.F. Willbur Dept. Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 Evaluation of in-furrow and foliar fungicides to manage foliar diseases of potato in Michigan, 2023. Experimental and commercially available fungicides were tested to determine their efficacy in managing potato early blight and brown spot. A field trial was established at the Montcalm Research Center in Stanton, MI. A randomized complete block design was used, and treatments were replicated four times. Soil type is a loamy sand. US#1 ‘Lamoka’ potatoes were cut into 2-oz seed pieces and left to suberize. Seed was treated 23 May via slurry (3.2 fl oz/cwt) in a cement mixer. The trial was hand planted 25 May, and in-furrow treatments were applied before closing rows. A CO2-powered backpack sprayer, equipped with TJ2503E nozzles, was used to apply fungicides in-furrow at 6 gal/A (43 psi). Plots were two rows wide (34-in row spacing) by 20 ft long and seeded at 1.2 seed/row-ft. On 29 Jun, banded applications were made before re-hilling plots using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer, equipped with TJ2504 nozzles (40 PSI) at 20 gal/A. Due to the trial’s proximity to commercial potato fields, a blanket application of Manzate Max (1.6 qt/A) or Orondis Ultra (5.5 fl oz/a) was applied weekly after row-closure to the entire trial to reduce the risk of late blight developing near commercially grown potatoes. Beginning at 50% row closure, six foliar applications (D, E, F, G, H, and I) were made across programs on 4 Jul, 11 Jul, 18 Jul, 25 Jul, 31 Jul, and 9 Aug. Foliar fungicides were applied at a rate of 20 gal/A (38 psi) via CO2powered backpack sprayer (TJ8004XR nozzles). Plots were inoculated on 19 Jul with an A. solani solution (8x103 conidia/mL) at 20 gal/A using the previously mentioned equipment. Stand establishment was monitored and foliar disease data (combined early blight and brown spot observations) were collected regularly throughout the growing season. The trial was harvested 9 Oct, and both rows were dug and later graded. The final disease incidence (DI), disease severity (DS), estimated yield, and estimated marketable yield (cwt/A) were compared among treatments. A generalized linear mixed model procedure was used to conduct the ANOVA and mean separations at the α=0.05 significance level (SAS version 9.4). Differences were observed among the foliar DI (P < 0.0001) and foliar DS (P < 0.0001) values of programs. All treated programs had significantly lower DI (30.0-71.3%) and DS (3.5-7.0%) values than the control (DI=87.5%, DS=12.5%). The lowest DI and DS were both observed in program 11, but the values were not significantly different from many of the other programs. No significant differences were observed in yield or marketable yield. It is likely that the short infection duration due to late disease onset was not adequate time to observe differences among program yields. Table of Contents 81 No. Treatment (Ratez) Timingy 1 2 Disease Incidence (%)x,w 87.5 a 55.0 c-e Disease Severity (%)w 12.5 a 7.0 b Total Yield (cwt/A) 353.4 313.7 Marketable Yield (cwt/A) 324.4 291.1 Treated Control Expv 1 (13 fl oz) B; Propulse (10 fl oz) E; Scala 60 SC (7 fl oz) G 3 Exp 1 (13 fl oz) B; Propulse (10 fl oz) E; 53.8 c-e 5.0 b-e 334.9 310.7 Luna Tranquility (11.2 fl oz) G 4 Elatus (6.4 oz) B; Miravis Prime (10 fl oz) EG 71.3 b 5.8 b-d 378.3 351.5 5 Exp 1 (13 fl oz) B; Endura (5.5 oz) EG; 43.8 e-h 5.0 b-e 355.8 324.9 Provysol (4 fl oz) EG 6 Exp 1 (13 fl oz) B; Delaro (8 fl oz) D; 58.8 b-d 4.5 c-e 338.9 311.1 Luna Tranquility (11.2 fl oz) G 7 Exp 1 (13 fl oz) B; Quadris (9 fl oz) D; 46.3 c-g 5.0 b-e 361.7 334.6 Miravis Prime (10 fl oz) G 8 Elatus (6.4oz) B; Quadris (9 fl oz) D; 60.0 bc 6.5 bc 332.3 301.1 Omega (8 fl oz) E; Miravis Prime (10 fl oz) G 9 Exp 1 (13 fl oz) B; Headline (9 fl oz) D; 37.5 f-h 4.0 de 333.6 303.0 Endura (5.5oz) EG; Provysol (4 fl oz) EG 10 Exp 1 (13 fl oz) B; Velum Prime (6.5oz) E; 50.0 c-g 5.0 b-e 357.7 332.8 Scala 60 SC (7 fl oz) G 11 CruiserMaxx Vibrance Potato (0.5 fl oz/ cwt) A; 30.0 h 3.5 e 346.6 314.9 Elatus (6.4oz) B; Omega (8 fl oz) E; Miravis Prime (11.4 fl oz) FH; Revus Top (7 fl oz) I 12 Emesto Silver (0.31 fl oz/ cwt) A; 46.3 c-g 4.5 c-e 348.1 315.9 Velum Prime (6.5 fl oz) B; Luna Tranquility (11.2 fl oz) EFH; Scala (7 fl oz) I 13 EXP-2 (10 fl oz) B 45.0 d-g 5.0 b-e 301.8 283.3 14 Topguard (28 fl oz) B 36.3 gh 4.0 de 295.4 280.9 15 Adastrio (18 fl oz) C 51.3 c-f 5.0 b-e 342.3 314.1 16 Topguard (28 fl oz) C 53.8 c-e 5.0 b-e 335.9 312.2 17 Adastrio (9 fl oz) EG; Super Tin (5 fl oz) I; 42.5 e-h 5.3 b-e 317.1 285.2 Endura (7oz) I 18 Luna Tranquility (11.2 fl oz) EG; 60.0 bc 5.0 b-e 312.1 286.3 Super Tin (5 fl oz) I; Endura (7oz) I z All rates are listed as a measure of product per acre, unless otherwise specified. MasterLock was added to all foliar tank mixes at a rate of 0.25 % v/v. y Application letters code for the following dates: A=23 May (seed treatment), B=25 May (in-furrow), C=29 Jun (re-hill), D=4 Jul, E=11 Jul, F=18 Jul, G=25 Jul, H=31 Jul, and I=9 Aug. x Column values followed by the same letter were not significantly different based on Fisher’s Protected LSD (α=0.05). If no letter, then means were not significantly different. w Final foliar disease incidence and severity ratings (combined early blight and brown spot) collected 7 Sep. v Exp=Experimental compound. Table of Contents 82 Investigate the effect of irrigation thresholds on potato yield, water use efficiency, and disease potential Younsuk Dong1, Jaime Willbur2, Chris Long2 1 Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering 2 Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Science Introduction Climate change has impacted the agricultural industry in Michigan through variable temperatures and erratic precipitation. Irrigation can reduce the effects of inconsistent precipitation and prolonged dryness, increasing the resiliency of crop production to climate change. Potatoes benefit from irrigation management because of the significant effect of irrigation on both yield and quality. Not watering the potatoes sufficiently can result in yield loss and cause misshapen tubers, vascular necrosis, or hollow heart defects. Improper irrigation schedules or unnecessary irrigation can waste resources, but can also increase the potential risk of plant diseases. Plant disease can substantially reduce yield and quality of product. Even more importantly, they can impact potato storability, which negatively affects the sustainability and economics of production. Excessive soil moisture at critical points can drive foliar, vine, or root and tuber infections and promote pathogen development, reproduction, dispersal, and survival. Some of the most devastating foliar and vine rotting diseases are early blight, late blight, white mold, and bacterial stem rot or blackleg. In tubers, irrigation has been shown to influence black scurf, silver scurf, and common scab diseases. Therefore, precision irrigation is needed to minimize diseases, improve potato quality and yield, increase irrigation water use efficiency, and maximize return on investment. The irrigation trigger threshold is one of the critical factors in irrigation management. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge, data, and demonstration on the effect of irrigation thresholds on potato yields, growth, water use efficiency, and disease potential in common commercial potato varieties. The goal of this project was to understand the effect of irrigation thresholds on potato yield, water use efficiency, and disease potential. Materials and Methods This potato irrigation study was conducted at Michigan State University‘s Montcalm Research Center. The irrigation treatments were: T1 (50% Available Water-holding Capacity (AWC)), T2 (70% AWC), and T3 (90% AWC). Three replications of four common commercial potato varieties, including Mackinaw, Snowden, Lamoka, and Manistee, were used for each treatment. We used an overhead irrigation system to irrigate at different AWC thresholds. DC solenoid valves were connected to a motor controller to program irrigation system. Irrigation distribution uniformity evaluation was performed to ensure the irrigated areas receive the same amount of irrigation. We used LOCOMOS (low-cost sensor monitoring system) to collect in-field soil and environmental conditions. We monitored soil moisture levels at 6-, 12-, and 18-inch, soil temperature, ambient temperature, relative humidity, leaf wetness duration, canopy temperature, precipitation, and irrigation in each plot. 1 83 Table of Contents Figure 1. Installed Irrigation system, controlled by solenoid valves (Left). Xcel-Wobbler sprinklers by Senninger were used in this study (Right). Results and Conclusions Figure 2 shows the available soil moisture levels of each treatment. As expected, the soil available water for 90% AWC irrigation treatment (Treatment 3) maintained a higher soil moisture content than other 70% (Treatment 2) and 50% (Treatment 1) AWC treatments throughout the growing season. Figure 3 shows the comparison of yields data with irrigation treatments and variety. A two-way ANOVA statistical analysis was utilized to understand the effect of the irrigation treatments and variety on potato yields. The results show there is a statistically significant difference between irrigation treatments and potato yields (Pvalue=0.007), but there is not a statistically significant interaction between Variety and potato yields (Pvalue=0.372). Tukey Test (Pairwise multiple comparison procedures) result showed that there is a statistically significant difference between Irrigation treatment 1 and 2 (P-value=0.018) and treatment 1 and 3 (P-value=0.016). However, there is not a statistically significant difference between irrigation treatment 2 and 3 (P-value=0.999). This indicates irrigating at 50% AWC resulted in higher yields than irrigating at 70% or 90% AWC. In addition to the yield impact, Treatment 1 (50% AWC) areas had less irrigation, resulting in increased irrigation water use efficiency. The 2023 precipitation at this demonstration site was 0.45, 1.24, 8.12, 3.56, and 1.49 inches in May, June, July, August, and September, respectively. Overall, there was more precipitation in July and August, compared to the last 10-year average precipitation of those months. Thus, more data through multiple years of demonstration are needed to fully confirm the effect of irrigation treatments. Figure 2. Available water content throughout the growing season for Treatments 1, 2, and 3. 2 84 Table of Contents Figure 3. The comparison of yield with irrigation treatments (left) and variety (right). A two-way ANOVA statistical technique was utilized to compare the effect of the irrigation treatments and variety on specific gravity. The statistical analysis results show that there are statistically significant differences between irrigation treatments and specific gravity (P-value=0.028), and between variety and specific gravity (P-value=0.020). Tukey Test (Pairwise multiple comparison procedures) result showed that there is a statistically significant difference between Irrigation treatment 2 and 3 (P-value=0.041), but it is weak correlation as the power of the performed test with alpha is 0.05. The analysis also indicates that specific gravity for Mackinaw was higher than Lamoka and is statistically significant difference (Pvalue=0.023). Figure 4. The comparison of specific gravity with irrigation treatments (left) and variety (right). The team also collected multiple soil and root samples at each treatment area, for nematode and Verticillium dahlia analysis. All samples were submitted to Michigan State University Plant & Pest Diagnostics. We did not observe any statistically significant differences from the result (root-lesion and stunt) and all samples indicated low Potato Early Die risk. Overall, this 2023 irrigation study recommend irrigating at 50% AWC threshold to maximize water use efficiency and yields. 3 85 Table of Contents Develop a Colorado potato beetle (CPB) degree day model on the MSU Enviroweather website. Enviroweather programmers used the weekly sampling of CPB conducted by the MSU Vegetable Entomology lab to track the development of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) at 20 commercial potato fields in Michigan. Temperature data from the nearest Enviroweather station to each field were used to calculate GDDbase52 for each sample date to determine and compare when the first, peak and end of emergence occurred for CPB adults, eggs, and larvae (Fig. 1). There was not clear agreement between previous research and the current observations. Among sites in Michigan observations and GDD base52 were also inconsistent due to different planting dates, amount of pest pressure, timing of control measures, etc. Due to this variability we used the data from seven fields near Entrican, MI with heavy CPB pressure to construct smoothed lines depicting the phenologies of CPB life stages (Fig. 1). Figure 1 shows how the model will function, and is a prototype for the model display that will appear on Enviroweather. The graphs represent the typical progression of different life stages of CPB based on degree days. The current relative abundance of a given stage is shown by solid red circles, and expected abundance based on the forecasted degree days totals are shown by green circles. Because this model predicts conditions using seven days of forecasted temperatures, growers can use this model to decide if management will be needed in the near future. The model will also be paired with a description page that will provide additional information on pest Figure 1.Relationship between GDD and abundance of CPB biology and management. Links in the Adults (top row) Eggs (middle row) and Larvae (bottom row). model will take the user to Each graph shows a typical emergence pattern for each life recommendations for control of key stage through the growing season. These graphs demonstrate developmental stages. In addition the how the model will function during the season. The model will display the current level of abundance based on current GDD model will show whether the first or second (red circles), while green circles show the estimated abundance generation is occurring so growers will based on 7 days of temperature forecasts. Example graphs of know when to switch insecticide classes for model displays during a typical Spring are shown in the left resistance management. hand column and a Summer scenario is shown in the right hand column. The CPB model will be similar to Enviroweather’s Asparagus Miner model in its form and function. As it is being developed and revised, the model will be a part of Enviroweather’s development website and will be made available to project collaborators through MSU’s firewall, but will not be available to the general public. We expect to release the model to the public for the 2024 growing season. Validate the Colorado potato beetle model in Michigan potato fields. We collaborated with commercial growers, extension staff, pest scouts and pest managers to locate fields with known CPB pressure. Twenty commercial fields in the main potato growing areas of Michigan were used for scouting for CPB life stages. We visited weekly these commercial potato fields from the time that plants started emerging from the ground to senescence at the end of the growing season. In each field, we randomly picked 50 plants and counted the number of CPB life stages on the whole plant. Table of Contents 86 2023 MSU POTATO BREEDING AND GENETICS RESEARCH REPORT January 2024 David S. Douches, J. Coombs, K. Zarka, G. Steere, M. Zuehlke, D. Zarka, Jess Norling, Madison Whyte and Will Behling Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 Cooperators: Ray Hammerschmidt, Jaime Willbur and Chris Long INTRODUCTION At Michigan State University, we have been dedicated to developing improved potato varieties for the chip-processing and tablestock markets since 1988. The program is one of four integrated breeding programs in the North Central region supported through the USDA/NIFA Potato Special Grant. At MSU, we conduct a comprehensive multi-disciplinary program for potato breeding and variety development that incorporates plant pathology, entomology, biotechnology and genomics to meet the Michigan industry needs. Our program integrates traditional and biotechnological approaches to breed for disease and insect resistance that is positioned to respond to scientific and technology opportunities that emerge. We are also developing and applying more efficient methods to breed improved potato varieties at the tetraploid and diploid level. In Michigan, the primary market requires that we focus on developing high yielding round white potatoes with excellent chip-processing from the field and/or storage. In addition, there is also a need for table varieties (russet, red, yellow, and round white). We conduct variety trials of advanced selections and field experiments at MSU research locations (Montcalm Research Center, Lake City Research Center and MSU Agronomy Farm), we ship seed to other states and Canadian provinces for variety trials, and we cooperate with Chris Long on grower trials throughout Michigan. The broad testing is crucial in determining the commercial potential of the lines. Through conventional crosses in the greenhouse, we develop new genetic combinations in the breeding program, and screen and identify exotic germplasm that will enhance the varietal breeding efforts. With each cycle of crossing and selection we are seeing directed improvement towards improved varieties (e.g. combining chip-processing, scab resistance, PVY resistance, late blight resistance and higher specific gravity). We continue to see the increase in scab, late blight and PVY resistance in the breeding material and selections. We need to continue to combine these traits in long-term storage chip-processing lines with earlier maturity. We are benefiting from the SolCAP SNP array DNA marker technology as we can now query 32,000 SNPs (compared to 8,303 SNPs in initial array). With the development of genome-wide markers we are able to link genetic markers to important traits (reducing sugars, starch, scab resistance, etc.) in the cultivated potato lines and then breed them into elite germplasm. The SNPs also allow us to accurately fingerprint the varieties (DNA fingerprinting database with 4,000 entries). In addition, our program has been utilizing Table of Contents 87 genetic engineering as a tool to introduce new genes to improve varieties and advanced germplasm for traits such as tuber size profile, insect resistance, late blight and PVY resistance, lower reducing sugar, lower blackspot bruising, higher yield and specific gravity and drought resistance. In 2024, we will continue to test our engineered potatoes for late blight resistance, drought tolerance, invertase silencing and gene editing for PPO silencing and self-compatibility. Furthermore, PotatoesUSA is supporting national early generation trials through the National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT) which will feed lines into the SNAC trials and also Fast Track lines into commercial testing (NexGen testing). This national cooperative testing is the key to determining the commercial potential of our advanced lines. This has led to the release of Saginaw Chipper (MSR061-1), Manistee (MSL292-A), Huron Chipper (MSW485-2), Mackinaw (MSX540-4), Petoskey (MSV030-4) and now Dundee (MSZ242-13). In the table markets, Blackberry and MSV093-1Y (Bonafide) were released. We also have had funding to develop genome editing technologies that may not be classified as regulated through a USDA/BRAG grant. This technology can be used to introduce lower sugars, bruising and asparagine as well several other traits in the future. We also have a USDA/AFRI diploid breeding grant to develop some foundational diploid breeding germplasm (Potato 2.0). We are also screening for new sources of late blight resistance through a USDA grant. In 2015, we were awarded the USAID grant to generate late blight resistance potatoes for Bangladesh and Indonesia and now includes Nigeria and Kenya. This Feed the Future project brings us into cutting edge GM work with Simplot and the International Potato Center (CIP). This project has been extended another 5 years beginning in 2021. Lastly, we have had NSF-funded grants to better understand the potato genome and study wound-healing in potato. We feel that these in-house capacities (both conventional and biotechnological) put us in a unique position to respond to and focus on the most promising directions for variety development and effectively integrate advanced technologies with the breeding of improved chip-processing and tablestock potatoes. The breeding goals at MSU are based on current and future needs of the Michigan potato industry. Traits of importance include yield potential, size profile, disease resistance (scab, late blight, early die, and PVY), insect (Colorado potato beetle) resistance, chipping (out-of-the-field, storage, and extended cold storage) and bruise resistance, storability, along with shape, internal quality, and appearance. We are also focusing on earlier maturing lines, looking for lines that do not have harvest hangover and assessing chipping lines to make sure blackspot bruising is not an issue. If these goals can be met, we will be able to reduce production input costs, keep potato production profitable as well as reduce the reliance on chemical inputs such as insecticides, fungicides, and sprout inhibitors, and improve overall agronomic performance through new potato varieties. Over the years, key infrastructure changes have been established for the breeding program to make sound assessments of the breeding selections moving through the program. In 2016, we constructed a greenhouse to expand our breeding and certified minituber seed production. This greenhouse is located at the MSU Agronomy Farm facility on south campus. Also in 2016, we began to upgrade the potato washing and grading line. which was completed with funding from MPIC and AgBioResearch. Variable speed control drives, a new lift; custom built barrel washer; grading table; and Kerian speed sizer are all part of the set up as of 2019. Incorporation of bar-coding and Table of Contents 88 scales synchronized to computer hot keys, have improved the speed, accuracy, and efficiency of the grading process. All entities of the potato group: Potato Breeding and Genetics; Potato Outreach Program; pathologists and soil fertility researchers have access to this new equipment. Varietal Development Breeding The MSU potato breeding and genetics program is actively producing new germplasm and advanced seedlings that are improved for long-term storage chipping, and resistance to scab, late blight, and Colorado potato beetle. For the 2023 field season, progeny from about 250 crosses were planted and evaluated. Of those, the majority were crosses to select for round whites (chip-processing and tablestock), with the remainder to select for yellow flesh, red skin, and specialty market classes. During the 2023 harvest, about 1,200 selections were made from the 40,000 seedlings produced. Most of these firstyear selections are segregating for PVY resistance. All second, third or fourth- year potential chip-processing selections will be tested in January and April 2024 directly out of 45°F (7.2°C) storage. Atlantic, Lamoka, Manistee and Snowden are chip-processed as check cultivars. Selections have been identified at each stage of the selection cycle that have desirable agronomic characteristics and chip-processing potential. At the 12-hill and 30-hill evaluation state, about 200 and 90 selections were made, respectively; based on chip quality, specific gravity, scab resistance, late blight resistance and DNA markers for PVY and Golden nematode resistance. Most of our advanced selections now have PVY resistance. Selection in the early generation stages has been enhanced by the incorporation of the scab and late blight (US-23) evaluations of the early generation material. We are pushing our early generation selections from the 30-hill stage into tissue culture to minimize PVY issues in our breeding and seed stock. We use a cryotherapy method as well as the traditional methods that was developed in our lab to remove viruses. This technique predictably and quickly removes virus from tissue culture stocks. Our results show that we can remove both PVY and PVS from lines, but PVS can still be difficult to remove in certain lines if the titer is high. We tested the removal of PLRV and PVX succeeded. Over 1200 different varieties and breeding lines are maintained in tissue culture for the breeding and genetics program. Chip-Processing Over 70% of the single hill selections have a chip-processing parent in their pedigree. We prioritize scab resistance and PVY resistance in our chip-processing selections. Our most promising advanced chip-processing lines are MSAA217-3 (early bulking), MSBB058-1 (scab resistant) that are advanced in the NCPT trials. MSBB63611, MSZ614-15, MSDD244-05, MSDD247-07, MSDD247-11, MSDD376-4, MSEE0313 and MSEE182-3 all combine high specific gravity, earlier maturity and lower blackspot bruising as well as scab and PVY resistance. We have some newer lines to consider such as from the FF and GG generations. With a successful late blight trial in 2023, we were able to confirm resistance in some of our advanced selections. We are using the NCPT trials to identify promising new selections more effectively. Manistee and Mackinaw were licensed to Canada. Saginaw Chipper and Mackinaw are in Australia and South Korea. Blackberry has a niche chip-processing market in Michigan. Table of Contents 89 Tablestock Efforts have been made to identify lines with good appearance with an attractive skin finish, low internal defects, good cooking quality, high marketable yield and resistance to scab, late blight and PVY. Our current tablestock development goals now are to continue to improve the frequency of scab and PVY resistant lines, incorporate resistance to late blight along with marketable maturity and excellent tuber quality, and select more redskinned and yellow-fleshed lines. We have also been selecting some pigmented skin and tuber flesh lines that fit some specialty markets. We have interest from some western specialty potato growers to test and commercial these lines. From our breeding efforts we have identified mostly round white lines, but we also have several yellow-fleshed and redskinned lines, as well as some purple skin selections that carry many of the characteristics mentioned above. PVY resistance is incorporated into these different table market classes. Some of the tablestock lines were tested in on-farm trials in 2023, while others were tested under replicated conditions at the Montcalm Research Center. Promising tablestock lines include MSCC553-1R which is scab and PVY resistant. We are excited about MSFF031-6 as a scab and PVY resistant round white and MSGG039-11Y as a PVY resistant yellow table line. We are working with Chris Long to select a new cohort of red-skinned and yellow-fleshed potato lines. Jacqueline Lee (late blight resistant) was licensed to Australia and is being grown in Central America for its late blight resistance. Raspberry, Blackberry, MSQ558-2RR (Ruby Rose) and our PVY resistant Red Marker #2 (Spartan Red) potato are being marketed in the specialty markets. Blackberry is also being chip-processed by the Great Lakes Chip Co. in Traverse City, MI. We are currently collecting nutritional data on the antioxidants in Blackberry tubers and chips that may enhance the marketing of this variety. Higher antioxidants are found in Blackberry and we are testing other lines this winter. Disease and Insect Resistance Breeding Scab: In 2023, we had evaluated scab resistance at a highly infected site at the Montcalm Research Center. The Montcalm Research Center site gave us very good scab infection levels. The susceptible checks of Snowden and Atlantic were highly infected with pitted scab. Promising resistant selections will be summarized in the variety report. If you examine the variety trials at Montcalm Research Center in the variety report, you will notice that many of the lines are scab resistant. We need to continue in this direction of many selections with scab resistance so we can find the great scab resistant chipper as well as table yellow and red. The high level of scab infection at the on-farm site with a history of scab infection and MRC has significantly helped with our discrimination of resistance and susceptibility of our lines. The MRC scab site was used for assessing scab susceptibility in our advanced breeding lines and early generation material and is summarized below (Figure 1). All susceptible check plots (Snowden and Atlantic) were scored as susceptible. Based upon this data, scab resistance is strong in the breeding program. We lead the nation in scab resistant lines. This is evident in the NCPT. These data were also incorporated into the early generation selection evaluation process at Lake City. We are seeing that this expanded effort is leading to more scab resistant lines advancing through the breeding program. Many highly scab resistant lines (score < 1.0) coming from this effort are summarized in the variety report. Table of Contents 90 Fig. 1. Scab Disease Nursery Ratings from Montcalm Research Center Trials Breeding for Scab Resistance: 2023 Scab trial Scab Resistance by Breeding Program Resistant Intermediate 169 Susceptible Scab Resistance Category 150 100 71 63 50 46 37 26 29 0 4x Advanced 28 4x Early Gen Breeding Lines 32 2x Breeding Late Blight: Our specific objective is to breed improved cultivars for the industry that have foliar and tuber resistance to late blight using a combination of conventional breeding, marker-assisted strategies, and transgenic approaches. Through conventional breeding approaches, the MSU potato breeding and genetics program has developed a series of late blight resistant advanced breeding lines and cultivars that have diverse sources of resistance to late blight. In 2023 we conducted late blight trials at the MSU campus. We inoculated with the US23 genotype and obtained infection. The infection progressed and we were able to confirm late blight resistance for Mackinaw, Huron Chipper and numerous breeding lines. The late blight trial results are summarized in the variety report. PVY: We are using PCR-based DNA markers to select potatoes resistant to PVY. The gene is located on Chromosome 11. Each year since 2013 we are making new crosses, making selections, and expanding the germplasm base that has PVY resistance (Fig. 2). In the past year we tested over 1,000 progeny for the PVY resistance marker. The marker positive selections were evaluated at Montcalm Research Center. With the development of molecular markers for potato breeding, marker-assisted selection has been incorporated into our routine breeding practice and greatly facilitate the selection process. At times we are using DNA markers to also screen for PVX resistance, PLRV resistance, late blight resistance and Golden nematode resistance. DNA markers allow for a prioritization of the space in the field, and for earlier, more informed decisions in variety selection. Table of Contents 91 Fig. 2 PVY resistant selections in the breeding program Breeding for PVY Resistance: 2023 status Family PVYR Advanced Selections MSII 26 MSHH 38 MSGG 30 MSFF 18 MSEE 10 MSDD 11 MSCC 5 MSBB 10 • MSU Germplasm has incorporated PVY Resistance in many market classes: Round whites, Red skinned, Yellow flesh, Specialty (pigmented). 2023 PVY Challenge Trial Line Mackinaw MSAA174-1 MSBB630-2 MSCC553-1R MSDD244-15 MSDD247-11 MSDD376-4 MSEE016-10 MSEE031-3 Huron Chipper MSAA127-01PP MSAA127-7PP MSAA182-3R MSDD039-1 MSEE115-1 MSFF007-2 MSFF008-1 MSFF022-2 MSFF134-1PP MSZ416-8RY PA01N32-1 PALB03016-3 PALB0302-1 PALB03035-7 Female Male MSU161-1 Lady Liberty (NY152) Red Marker #2 Mackinaw (MSX540-4) Mackinaw (MSX540-4) NY148 NY148 MSZ219-14 MSQ440-2 Kalkaska (MSJ036-A) ND7132-1R MSR127-2 MSV383-B MSV033-1 MSR127-2 Lamoka (NY139) Purple Heart MSU200-5PP Purple Heart MSU200-5PP MSU200-5PP MSS544-1R Lamoka (NY139) MSR127-2 MSV313-2 MSR127-2 Lamoka (NY139) MSQ086-3 Lamoka (NY139) MSR127-2 Huron Chipper (MSW485-2) Lamoka (NY139) MSZ107-1PP MSX324-1P MSN230-1RY NDTX4271-5R PVY R/S? % PVY N PVY+ N Total 32 DAP 7/14/23 PVY+ N 64 DAP 8/11/23 PVY+ N 83 DAP 8/30/23 PVY+ N PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR S S S S S S S S S S S PALB PALB PALB PALB 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 67 50 11 56 17 28 33 22 39 61 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 9 2 10 3 5 6 4 7 11 0 0 0 0 18 18 22 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 6 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 4 12 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 1 6 2 3 4 2 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 5 1 4 1 2 2 2 2 5 0 0 0 0 Table of Contents 92 MSU Lines with Commercial Tracking ________________________________________________________________________ MSV093-1Y (Bonafide) Parentage: McBride x MSP408-14Y Developers: Michigan State University and the MSU AgBioResearch. Plant Variety Protection: To be applied for Strengths: MSV093-1Y is a high yield potential yellow-flesh breeding line with an attractive, round tuber shape. This line has demonstrated excellent high yield potential in replicated trials at the MSU Montcalm Research Center and on grower field trials throughout Michigan. This yellow flesh line has excellent internal quality (few defects) and a low incidence of blackspot bruise. MSV093-1Y also has moderate scab tolerance. MSV093-1Y has a strong vine and a mid-early season maturity. Incentives for production: High yield potential with an attractive tuber shape with good yellow flesh with excellent internal quality. _______________________________________________________________________ Mackinaw (MSX540-4) Parentage: Saginaw Chipper x Lamoka Developers: Michigan State University and the MSU AgBioResearch. Plant Variety Protection: To Be Applied For. Strengths: MSX540-4 is a chipprocessing potato with resistance to potato virus Y (PVY), late blight (Phytophthora infestans), tolerance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies), and demonstrated tolerance to Verticillium wilt. This variety has average yield with a high specific gravity, and a high percentage of A-size tubers with an attractive, uniform shape. MSX540-4 has a strong vine and a mid- to late-season maturity and has demonstrated excellent long-term storage chip-processing quality. Table of Contents 93 MSX540-4 has performed well in multiple locations in the PotatoesUSA National Chip Processing Trials (NCPT). Incentives for production: Long-term chip-processing quality with resistance to PVY and late blight, and tolerance to common scab. Morphological Characteristics: Plant: Medium height vine, semi-erect with a balance between stems and foliage visible, and flowers. Tubers: Round tubers with lightly netted, tan colored skin. Tubers have a creamy-white flesh with a low incidence of internal defects. Agronomic Characteristics: Vine Maturity: Mid- to late-season maturity. Tubers: Smooth shaped tubers with lightly netted, tan colored skin and a creamy-white flesh. Yield: Average yield under irrigated conditions, with uniform A-size tubers. Specific Gravity: Averages similar to above Snowden in Michigan. Culinary Quality: Chip-processes from short to long-term storage. Diseases: Resistant to PVY and late blight (Phytophthora infestans), tolerant to common scab (Streptomyces scabies). _______________________________________________________________________ Petoskey (MSV030-4) Parentage: Beacon Chipper x MSG227-2 Developers: Michigan State University and the MSU AgBioResearch. Plant Variety Protection: To Be Applied For. Strengths: Petoskey is a chipprocessing potato with resistance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies). This variety has high specific gravity and yield potential, with attractive, uniformly round tubers. Petoskey has a medium vine and a mid-season maturity and has demonstrated excellent long-term storage chip-processing quality. MSV030-4 has performed well in Michigan and multiple locations in the PotatoesUSA National Chip Processing Trials (NCPT) and national SFA (SNaC) trials. Incentives for production: Excellent chip-processing quality out of the field and longterm chip quality with high specific gravity and resistance to common scab, and a good size profile of uniform, round tubers. Morphological Characteristics: Table of Contents 94 Plant: Medium height vine, semi-erect with a balance between stems and foliage visible, and flowers. Tubers: Uniform, smooth, round tubers with lightly netted, tan colored skin. Tubers have a white flesh with a low incidence of internal defects. Agronomic Characteristics: Vine Maturity: Mid-full season maturity. Tubers: Smooth, round tubers with lightly netted, tan colored skin and white flesh. Yield: Above average yield under irrigated conditions, with uniform tubers. Specific Gravity: Averages higher than Atlantic and Snowden. Culinary Quality: Chip-processes from short and long-term storage. Diseases: Resistant to common scab (Streptomyces scabies). _______________________________________________________________________ Huron Chipper (MSW485-2) Parentage: MSQ070-1 x MSR156-7 Developers: Michigan State University and the MSU AgBioResearch. Plant Variety Protection: To Be Applied For. Strengths: MSW485-2 is a chipprocessing potato with resistance to and late blight (Phytophthora infestans), and stronger tolerance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) than Atlantic. This variety has high yield and good specific gravity, with attractive, uniformly round tubers. MSW485-2 has a strong vine and a mid-season maturity and has demonstrated excellent long-term storage chip-processing quality. MSW485-2 has performed well in multiple locations in the PotatoesUSA National Chip Processing Trials (NCPT) and national SFA (SNaC) trials. Incentives for production: Excellent chip-processing quality out of the field and longterm chip quality with resistance to late blight and a good size profile. Morphological Characteristics: Plant: Medium height vine, semi-erect with a balance between stems and foliage visible, and flowers. Tubers: Uniform, smooth, round tubers with lightly netted, tan colored skin. Tubers have a white flesh with a low incidence of internal defects. Table of Contents 95 Agronomic Characteristics: Vine Maturity: Mid-season maturity. Tubers: Smooth, round tubers with lightly netted, tan colored skin and a white flesh. Yield: Above average yield under irrigated conditions, with uniform tubers. Specific Gravity: Averages similar to above Atlantic and Snowden. Culinary Quality: Chip-processes from short to long-term storage. Diseases: Resistant to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and tolerant to common scab (Streptomyces scabies). _______________________________________________________________________ Blackberry (MSZ109-10PP) Parentage: COMN07W112BG1 x MSU200-5PP Developers: Michigan State University and the MSU AgBioResearch Plant Variety Protection: To Be Applied For. Strengths: Blackberry is a tablestock variety with unique purple skin and a deep purple flesh. The tubers have an attractive, uniform, round shape and a purple flesh with common scab resistance and low incidence of internal defects. Yield can be high under irrigated conditions. Blackberry will also chip-process out of the field. Incentives for production: The unique purple skin and purple flesh of the tubers of Blackberry offer a unique potato that could lend itself to the specialty variety market, such as gourmet restaurants and food stores, as well as farm and road-side markets. The primary market for this clone will be farm market and direct retail sale growers, and home gardeners. This variety is also used as a gourmet chip processing variety. Morphological Characteristics: Plant: Full-sized vine, semi-erect with a balance between stems and foliage visible, and flowers. Tubers: Round tubers with a smooth skin and unique purple skin and purple flesh color. Tubers have a deep purple flesh with a low incidence of internal defects. Agronomic Characteristics: Maturity: Mid-season. Tubers: Round tubers with unique purple skin and deep purple flesh. Yield: Above average yield. Specific Gravity: Averages 1.065 in Michigan. Table of Contents 96 Culinary Quality: Gourmet specialty with deep purple flesh and also chip-processes. Diseases: Good common scab resistance. ____________________________________________________ Dundee (MSZ242-13) Parentage: MSR169-8Y x MSU383A Developers: Michigan State University and the MSU AgBioResearch. Plant Variety Protection: To Be Applied For. Strengths: Dundee is a chipprocessing potato with resistance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) and has demonstrated excellent longterm storage chip-processing quality. This variety has high specific gravity and average yield potential, with attractive, uniformly round tubers. Dundee has a medium vine and a mid-full season maturity. Dundee has performed well in Michigan and multiple locations in the Potatoes USA National Chip Processing Trials (NCPT) and national, multi-state SNAC trials. Incentives for production: Excellent chip-processing quality out of the field and longterm chip quality with high specific gravity and resistance to common scab, and a good size profile of uniform, round tubers. Morphological Characteristics: Plant: Medium height vine, semi-erect with a balance between stems and foliage visible. Tubers: Uniform, smooth, round tubers with lightly netted, tan colored skin. Tubers have a white flesh with a low incidence of internal defects. Agronomic Characteristics: Vine Maturity: Mid-full season maturity. Tubers: Smooth, round tubers with lightly netted, tan colored skin and white flesh. Yield: Average yield under irrigated conditions, with uniform tubers. Specific Gravity: Averages higher than Atlantic and Snowden. Culinary Quality: Chip-processes from short and long-term storage. Diseases: Resistant to common scab (Streptomyces scabies). Table of Contents 97 S. chacoense-derived and other new sources for Colorado Potato Beetle Resistance Our goal is to provide durable Colorado potato beetle management in an integrated, sustainable manner. With this research we should be able to move towards developing resistant diploid parental lines for commercial breeding purposes. Our current objective is to evaluate the transmission of S. chacoense host plant resistance in a set of diverse cultivated diploid clones. We made crosses with the best CPB resistant inbred line ‘431”. Using inbred 431 will more likely transmit resistance to a greater percentage of the progeny because the genes related to insect resistance are more likely fixed. Selfing will then recover the homozygous condition of recessive loci contributing to beetle resistance. In 2023 we made selections in the families for tuber appearance on the survivors at the ed of the season. We will run detached leaf bioassays in the winter to screen the progeny for resistance. Further crosses will be made with the resistant lines so we can further adapt the beetle resistant germplasm. We also have four hybrids between our diploid germplasm and other wild potato species with non-leptine-based resistance were identified to have an extremely high level of resistance to Colorado potato beetle. Two of the lines were hybrids that are 50% cultivated diploid germplasm. These lines we tested attracted the beetles (both large larvae and adults) but after a small amount of feeding, the beetles dropped from the plant and died. These lines offer opportunities to pyramid the resistance mechanisms as we move forward with our breeding for Colorado potato beetle resistance. Dihaploid Potato Production at Michigan State University The benefits of developing a richer germplasm of dihaploid potatoes brings the industry ever closer to the expansive changes that would come with diploid potatoes. Our goal is to develop a broad-based dihaploid germplasm that can be used in diploid potato breeding. We started by crossing currently established MSU tetraploid germplasm with a known haploid inducer, S. phureja IVP 101. Parent lines were selected based on traits such as high yield, disease resistance, and good chip quality, among others. Confirmed dihaploids are crossed with diploid self-compatible lines to introgress self-compatibility. From the crosses produced in the past 9 years from these dihaploid crosses with over 60 breeding lines or varieties, over 1,000 progeny have been confirmed as diploid. These dihaploids (diploids derived from tetraploid varieties) are the foundation of our diploid breeding program for round white potatoes for the chip and table markets. We have also now selected some russet dihaploids and red dihaploids and well as more chippers, table and russets. Right now, we have more than 100 good female fertile dihaploids that are forming the core of our varietal diploid breeding program. We cross these dihaploids to our best diploid germplasm as a means to bring them into the diploid breeding program. Diploid Breeding The diploid genetic material represent material from South American potato species and other countries around the world that are potential sources of resistance to Colorado potato beetle, late blight, potato early die, and ability to cold-chip process. We are now placing more emphasis on the diploid breeding effort because of the advantages the breeding system brings when we introduce the ability to self-pollinate a line. Features of diploid Table of Contents 98 breeding include 1) a simpler genetic system than current breeding methods, 2) tremendous genetic diversity for economic traits, 3) minimal crossing barriers to cultivated potato, 4) the ability to reduce genetic load (or poor combinations) through selfing and 5) the ability to create true breeding lines like wheat, soybeans and dry beans. We are also using some inbred lines of S. chacoense that have fertility and vigor (also a source of Verticillium wilt resistance to initiate our efforts to develop inbred lines with our own diploid germplasm. We have over 40 populations that we have cycled 5 generations to improve for selfcompatibility and tuber traits. We have also been crossing self-compatible donors to the dihaploids of Atlantic, Superior, MSZ219-14, Kalkaska, MSR127-2, MSS576-5SPL, Lady Liberty, NY148 and others so we can develop inbred chip-processing diploid lines. This new diploid potato breeding project is expanding to develop promising lines to use as parents in the future as well as to think about F1 hybrid varieties. From 2021-23, we yield tested about over 200 lines. In 2021 over 30 lines were equal or better than Lamoka and Atlantic in yield. In 2022 we saw similar results with over 100 lines equal or better than the Atlantic check. 2023 data validates the results from the past years so we are confident that we can develop potato varieties with this new breeding approach. Figure 3. Diploid selection MSHH1042-A2. Certified NFT Minituber Production at Michigan State University Since 2016, the MSU Potato Breeding program has operated its own certified NFT minituber production greenhouse. The ability to produce certified seed allows faster introduction of early generation material to the potato industry. It also helps position the program for participation in international trials. Our production numbers for 2023 are summarized below in Figure 4. Table of Contents 99 Figure 4. 2023 Certified Seed Minituber Production 2023 Certified Seed Production at MSU - 23 Clones, 29,300 Minitubers Line Line Tubers Remarks Diamant Tubers Remarks 1118 USAID-Check 1080 USAID-LB AF5707-1 Blackberry COTX15083-1R MSAA076-6 MSAA182-3R MSAA260-03 4325 6425 529 259 1278 254 DIA-MSU-UB015 MSBB058-1 261 PVYR Kal.91.03 MSCC553-1R 2678 PVYR 306 Invertase Silencing 303 Inv. Silence Check MSDD244-05 241 PVYR Kalkaska 208 PVYR YG.8.12 333 MSEE016-10 MSFF182-1R Dundee (MSZ242-13) NDTX4271-5R 734 PVYR 131 405 Spartan Red #2 1336 PVYR DIA-MSU-UB255 GRA-MSU-UG234 GRA-MSU-UG265 Granola 5615 USAID-LB 544 USAID-LB 441 USAID-LB 506 USAID-Check Integration of Genetic Engineering with Potato Breeding MSU conducts genetic engineering research to introgress and test economically important traits into potato. We have a USAID-funded project to create and commercialize 3-R-gene potato varieties in Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Africa. This a partnership with Simplot Plant Sciences. Simplot has been creating the plants for the target countries. Agronomic and late blight trials in Indonesia, Nigeria and Kenya (Figure 5) demonstrate their resistance to late blight and yield well under late blight pressure. Figure 5. Field Trials in Kenya in 2023 Workstream 1: 3 R-gene LBR potato field trials - Country Activities • Kenya – CFT: ML-CFT1 –short rain season; ML-CFT-2 –long rain season – Regulatory: regulatory data cleaned and analyzed – Issue: seed mixture (minor, detected) – Next: regulatory studies/dossier on lead transgenic event(s), ML-CFT- 3 / demo plots Victoria: Vic.172,Vic.185 Shangi: Sha.06, Sha.105 Tigoni: Tig.254 KALRO stations: Muguga Njabini Molo Table of Contents 100 We have also generated lines with the genes for water use efficiency. The XERICO gene is showing the most promise. From 2018 to 2023, we conducted trials at MRC with Ranger Russet events (Figure 6). These results are indicating that we are not seeing a yield reduction from the XERICO gene and the XERICO events also had a higher specific gravity than Ranger Russet. Field trials at MRC in 2023 continue to confirm this observation. Lastly, we have generated and selected a Kalkaska invertase silencing line (Kal91.03) that has resistance to accumulating reducing sugars in cold (40°F) storage. We tested the agronomic characteristics of Kal91.03 from 2016-2023. The initial results are suggesting that the invertase silencing line has good tuber type, size, and similar specific gravity. This suggests that we can correct sugar issues in a chip processing lines with this genetic engineering strategy. We are currently petitioning the USDA for exemption from regulation. Figure 6. Agronomic trials with XERICO events 2019-23 XERICO Field Trials at MSU Total Yield CWT/A & Specific Gravity vs. Line Total Yield CWT/A Specific Gravity Total Yield CWT/A 250 200 150 100 50 0 1.09 Specific Gravity § Test trait in potato in situ § No yield penalty § Increase in starch content 300 1.085 1.08 1.075 RR.120.4 RR.98.32 RR.120.3 Ranger Russet Line ordered by Total Yield CWT/A (descending) Table of Contents 101 Funding: Fed. Grant/MPIC/Potatoes USA 2023 POTATO VARIETY EVALUATIONS D.S. Douches, J. Coombs, K. Zarka, G. Steere, M. Zuehlke, K. Shaw, J. Norling, C. Long, J. Wilbur and W. Behling Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 INTRODUCTION Each year, the MSU potato breeding and genetics team conducts a series of variety trials to assess advanced potato selections from the Michigan State University and other potato breeding programs at the Montcalm Research Center (MRC). In 2023, we tested over 155 varieties and breeding lines in the replicated variety trials, 134 lines in the North Central Regional trial plus over 191 lines in the National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT). The variety evaluation also includes disease testing in the scab nursery (Montcalm Research Center) and foliar late blight evaluation (MSU Campus Plant Pathology Farm). The objectives of the evaluations are to identify superior varieties for fresh or chip-processing markets (chip, round white/yellow table, specialty/red and russet). The varieties were compared in groups according to market class, tuber type, skin color, and to the advancement in selection. Each season, total and marketable yields, specific gravity, tuber appearance, incidence of external and internal defects, chip color (from the field as well as from 45°F (7.2°C) storage at 3 and 6 months), along with susceptibilities to common scab, late blight (foliar and tuber), and blackspot bruising are determined. We would like to acknowledge the collaborative effort of the Michigan Potato Industry and research colleagues Matthew Klein and the MSU Potato Breeding Team (along with the graduate students) for helping to get the field research done. PROCEDURE The field variety trials were conducted at the Montcalm Research Center in Entrican, MI. A randomized complete block design was used. The plots were 23 feet (7 m) long and spacing between plants was 10 inches (25.4 cm). Inter-row spacing was 34 inches (86.4 cm). Supplemental irrigation was applied as needed. Nutrient, weed, disease and insect management were similar to recommendations used by the commercial operations in Montcalm County. The field experiments were conducted on a sandy loam soil that has been out of potato production for 5 years. Oats were grown in 2022 on this ground. There was no serious damage from insects, diseases or weeds. The most advanced selections were tested in the Advanced chip and tablestock trials, representing selections at a stage after the preliminary trials. The other field trials Table of Contents 102 were the Preliminary (chip-processors and tablestock), Preliminary Pigmented, the North Central Regional, NCPT and the early observational trials. 2023 was the thirteenth year of the National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT). The purpose of the trial is to evaluate early generation breeding lines from the US public breeding programs for their use in chip-processing. The NCPT has 10 trial locations (Northern sites: NY, MI, WI, ND, OR and Southern: NC, FL, CA, TX) in addition to a scab trial Wisconsin. The North Central trial was reformatted to have 15-hill plots of earlier generation selections for a total of 134 lines plus controls for the chip, russet and table markets. In each of these trials, the yield was graded into four size classes (pick outs, Bs, As, oversize) using the new Kerian sizer on the grading line, incidence of external and internal defects in >3.25 in. (8.25 cm) diameter potatoes were recorded. Samples were taken for specific gravity, chip-processing, disease tests and bruising tests. Chip quality was assessed on composite tuber samples, taking two slices from each tuber. Chips were fried at 345°F (174°C) for 2 minutes 15 seconds or until fully cooked. The chip color was measured visually with the SFA 1-5 color chart. Stem end scores were also recorded. Tuber samples were also stored at 45°F (7.2°C) for chip-processing out of storage in January and April. The lines in the agronomic trials were assessed for common scab resistance at the nursery at the Montcalm Research Center. There has been very strong scab disease pressure at the new Montcalm Scab Disease Nursery for nine years now. The 2022 late blight trial was conducted at the MSU campus Plant Pathology Farm. The simulated blackspot bruise (from 50°F tuber temperature) results for average spots per tuber have also been incorporated into the summary sheets. RESULTS A. Agronomic trials from Montcalm Research Center Tables 1-7 summarize the agronomic results from the Montcalm Research Center. The scab and late blight trial results are added to the tables as well as the blackspot bruise data. The lines that we feel show promise in 2023 are highlighted in green. We based our overall assessment for agronomic production, appearance, disease resistance, maturity, bruise resistance and processing quality for the chipping lines. B. Potato Common Scab Evaluation (Tables 8 and 9) Each year, a replicated field trial is conducted to assess resistance to common scab. The scab trial is now located at the Montcalm Research Center where high common scab disease pressure was observed in the previous nine years. This location is being used for the early generation observational scab trial (257 lines) and the scab variety trial (134 lines) and diploid scab trial (131). In 2023, the scab infection was a good level with the susceptible controls having some coverage of pitted scab. Table of Contents 103 We use a rating scale of 0-5 based upon a combined score for scab coverage and lesion severity. Usually examining one year's data does not indicate which varieties are resistant but it should begin to identify ones that can be classified as susceptible to scab. Our goal is to evaluate important advanced selections and varieties in the study at least three years to obtain a valid estimate of the level of resistance in each line. The 20212023 scab ratings are based upon the Montcalm Research Center site. Table 8 categorizes many of the varieties and advanced selections tested in 2023 over a three-year period. The varieties and breeding lines are placed into nine categories based upon scab infection level and lesion severity. A rating of 0 indicates zero scab infection. A score of 1.0 indicates a trace amount of infection. A moderate resistance (1.2 – 1.5) correlates with <10% infection without pitting. Scores of 4.0 or greater are found on lines with >50% surface infection and severe pitted lesions. The check varieties Red Norland, Yukon Gold, Mackinaw, Lamoka, Atlantic, and Snowden can be used as references (in bold, Table 8). The table is sorted in ascending order by 2023 scab rating. This year’s results continue to indicate that we have been able to breed numerous lines with resistance to scab. Average scab ratings ranged from 0.5 – 3.3 for the variety trial. A total of 92 entries tested had a scab rating of 1.7 or lower in 2023. Most notable scab resistant MSU lines are found in the trial summaries (Tables 17). Of the 257 early generation selections that were evaluated, 169 had scab resistance (scab rating of ≤ 1.5) (Table 9). C. Late Blight Trial (Table 10) In 2023, the late blight trial was planted at the East Lansing campus Plant Pathology farm. All entries were planted in early June for late blight evaluation. These include lines tested in a replicated manner from the agronomic variety trial and entries in the early generation observation plots. The trials were inoculated two times in August with the US-23 genotype of P. infestans. Late blight infection was progressed well and data was collected into September. Seventeen of 107 lines were classified as late blight resistant in the replicated trial, in addition to 36 classified as moderately resistant. Many of the lines were also PVY resistant. Select early generation lines were tested for late blight resistance. Twenty-one of 87 early generation selections were classified as resistant. D. Blackspot Bruise Susceptibility (Table 11) Evaluations of advanced seedlings and new varieties for their susceptibility to blackspot bruising are also important in the variety evaluation program. Based upon the results collected over the past years, the non-bruised check sample has been removed from our bruise assessment. A composite bruise sample of each line in the trials consisted of 25 tubers (a composite of 4 replications) from each line, collected at the time of grading. The 25-tuber sample was held in 50°F (10°C) storage overnight and then was placed in a hexagon plywood drum and tumbled 10 times to provide a simulated bruise. The samples were peeled in an abrasive peeler in October and individual tubers were assessed for the number of blackspot bruises on each potato. These data are shown in Table of Contents 104 Table 11. The bruise data are represented in two ways: percentage of bruise free potatoes and average number of bruises per tuber. A high percentage of bruise-free potatoes is the desired goal; however, the numbers of blackspot bruises per potato is also important. Cultivars which show blackspot incidence greater than Atlantic are approaching the bruise-susceptible rating. In addition, the data is grouped by trial, since the bruise levels can vary between trials. In 2023, the bruise levels were higher than previous years. There are many lines with lower blackspot bruise potential across the trials. Some of our advanced selections are similar to or less than Atlantic and Snowden in their level of bruising. A few lines will high susceptibility to bruise were identified and will be discontinued from testing. All the bruise ratings are also found in the variety trial tables (Tables 1-7). E. National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT) data available on-line The Potatoes USA-funded National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT) is an effort to synergize the strengths of the public breeding programs in the U.S. to identify improved chip-processing varieties for the industry. Cooperating breeding programs include the USDA (Idaho and Maryland) and land grant universities (Colorado, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, North Dakota, New York, Oregon, Wisconsin and Texas). The coordinated breeding effort includes early-stage evaluation of key traits (yield, specific gravity, chip color, chip defects and shape) from coordinated trials in 10 locations. Since the inception of the trial in 2010, over 1,000 different potato entries, including reference varieties, have been evaluated. The data for all the lines tested are summarized on a searchable, centralized database housed at Medius (https://potatoesusa.medius.re). More than 40 promising new breeding lines from the trials have been fast-tracked for larger-scale commercial trials and processor evaluation. The NCPT is also a feeder for the national SNAC International trials. We are using the NCPT trials to more effectively identify promising new selections. Notable MSU lines that have been identified are MSW485-2 (Huron Chipper), MSX540-4 (Mackinaw), MSV030-4 (Petoskey), MSW474-1, and MSZ242-13 (Dundee). Our newest graduates of the NCPT are MSBB058-1 and MSAA217-3. Minituber production and/or commercial seed have been produced of the newer lines and will be tested in Michigan in 2024. Table of Contents 105 Table 1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS ADVANCED CHIP-PROCESSING TRIAL MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER May 8 to September 26, 2023 (141 days) DD Base 40°F 2952 9 LINE MSBB630-2 MSFF036-1 MSGG409-3 MSBB636-11 MSDD376-4 MSDD553-1 MSEE035-4 MSEE171-2 MSGG194-3 MSFF037-17 MSDD372-07 MSFF038-3 MSBB635-14 MSEE207-2 MSFF007-2 MSDD249-9 MSAA260-3 MSBB060-1 MSAA076-6 MSEE016-07 MSBB230-1 MSFF079-16 MSAA240-5 MSBB058-3 MSFF077-4 MSBB614-15 MSFF097-6 MSW474-1 MSDD244-05 MSDD247-07 MSBB058-1 Lamoka MSEE016-10 MSEE031-3 MSEE182-3 MSAA217-3 PVY Resistant N CWT/A US#1 TOTAL PERCENT OF TOTAL1 US#1 Bs As OV PO PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR 517 511 500 498 477 459 446 425 416 412 411 409 404 398 398 383 380 376 369 367 362 362 354 352 350 348 345 315 308 308 306 306 304 304 301 297 93 96 92 97 96 96 92 95 93 91 93 96 95 94 92 96 96 96 84 97 94 95 93 94 97 96 90 88 92 94 91 93 84 92 87 96 PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 559 535 546 516 496 478 485 448 448 451 442 429 427 423 432 398 397 391 439 380 385 382 385 374 361 365 382 362 337 329 336 329 362 330 345 309 8 5 8 2 4 4 8 5 7 9 7 4 4 6 8 4 4 5 15 4 6 3 5 6 3 5 10 13 6 7 9 6 16 7 13 4 92 92 92 92 95 93 91 93 93 91 93 95 93 94 91 92 96 94 84 95 94 91 92 92 96 92 90 88 90 92 91 92 84 92 87 93 2 4 0 5 1 3 2 2 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 5 0 2 0 2 0 4 1 2 2 4 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 3 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 2 1 1 0 1 SP GR CHIP SCORE2 CHIP SED3 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY4 HH VD IBS BC 1.081 1.077 1.078 1.075 1.088 1.078 1.091 1.080 1.079 1.090 1.094 1.086 1.077 1.083 1.085 1.087 1.084 1.079 1.089 1.094 1.085 1.083 1.086 1.085 1.078 1.081 1.087 1.082 1.084 1.098 1.095 1.084 1.095 1.083 1.077 1.093 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 10 0 0 5 25 5 0 0 5 0 0 25 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 5 5 25 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 106 10 20 55 10 10 25 0 15 35 25 15 5 50 25 25 5 15 45 10 10 20 10 20 20 10 5 5 0 20 0 0 40 0 20 0 25 5 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 10 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 5 0 0 0 5 10 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SCAB5 MAT6 BRUISE7 LB8 3-YR AVG US#1 CWT/A 1.2 1.7 1.7 0.7 1.3 1.8 0.5 0.8 2.2 1.7 0.5 1.7 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.7 0.5 2.5 1.3 1.7 0.7 1.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.3 1.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 3.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 2.5 5.0 3.0 4.0 3.5 5.0 3.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 4.5 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.6 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.1 2.0 1.8 2.4 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.1 2.5 2.0 1.8 2.6 1.2 2.0 1.2 1.7 0.3 1.7 MR MS MR R MS R MS MR MS MR MS MR MS R MS R MR MS MS MR S MR MS - 555 622* 581* 487* 542* 540* 517* 478 500* 454* 462* 436 424 398* 389 381 375* 385 394* 363 418* 327 - PVY LINE Resistant N MSDD247-11 PVYR 2 MSBB610-13 PVYR 2 Dundee (MSZ242-13) 2 Manistee 2 MSDD089-2 2 MSZ025-2 2 MSGG263-1 PVYR 2 MSGG349-3 PVYR 2 Mackinaw PVYR 2 MSDD085-13 PVYR 2 MSDD039-01 2 MSDD244-15 PVYR 2 Petoskey 2 MSDD042-01 2 MSEE115-1 2 MSGG426-2 PVYR 2 MSGG195-1 PVYR 2 MSFF292-1 2 NY163 PVYR 2 MSFF321-1 2 Snowden 2 Atlantic 2 CWT/A US#1 TOTAL 295 346 294 306 285 315 272 308 259 274 256 273 254 283 243 279 239 259 235 259 231 265 230 241 229 255 224 275 203 216 203 224 197 234 185 228 154 197 151 227 124 164 117 132 MEAN 321 351 PERCENT OF TOTAL1 US#1 Bs As OV PO 85 9 85 0 6 96 3 94 2 1 90 8 89 1 3 88 12 88 0 0 95 5 95 0 1 94 6 93 1 0 90 8 89 2 2 87 11 87 0 2 93 6 93 0 2 91 10 91 0 0 88 13 88 0 1 96 4 96 0 1 90 9 90 0 2 81 3 81 0 17 94 5 94 0 2 91 9 91 0 0 85 15 85 0 1 81 18 81 0 1 79 21 79 0 0 67 33 67 0 1 76 24 76 0 1 88 10 88 0 2 SP GR 1.090 1.082 1.092 1.077 1.078 1.076 1.073 1.070 1.092 1.081 1.078 1.078 1.086 1.074 1.094 1.080 1.075 1.086 1.083 1.087 1.080 1.081 CHIP SCORE2 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 CHIP SED3 0.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY4 HH VD IBS BC 0 0 0 5 0 10 5 0 5 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 20 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 30 5 0 0 20 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 25 0 0 10 0 0 0 1.1 SCAB5 0.5 1.2 0.8 2.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.5 3.0 2.6 MAT6 2.5 2.5 3.5 2.0 4.0 2.0 4.5 2.5 4.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2 2.0 BRUISE7 2.8 2.1 0.9 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.2 3.6 1.8 1 SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. CHIP SCORE: SNAC Scale (Out of the field); Ratings: 1-5; 1: Excellent, 5: Poor. 3 SED: Stem End Defect, Based on Paul Bethke's (USDA/UWisconsin - Madison) 0 - 5 scale. 0 = no SED; 3 = significant SED; 5 = severe SED 4 QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 20 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 5 SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 6 MATURITY RATING: August 17, 2023; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 7 BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test, average number of spots per tuber. 8 LB Late blight (P. infestans US-23) foliar disease reaction. R=Resistant, MR=Moderate Resistance, MS=Moderate Susceptibility, S=Susceptible Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 2 107 LB8 MR MS MS MR MR R MR S MS MS S 9 3-YR AVG US#1 CWT/A 366 396* 355 251* 335* 402 263 345 363 279* 286* 285 275 376 5/8/23 9/1/23 116 Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table 2 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS NORTH CENTRAL REGIONAL TRIAL MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER May 09 to September 05, 2023 (119 days) DD Base 40°F 2895 8 LINE Chip W19ND1810Y-10 MSHH119-1 MN20ND1810Y-297A MSHH004-2 ND1845B-1Y MSHH018-4 MSHH048-4 MSHH069-3 W19023-17 MSHH018-3 MSHH063-2 MN20W19022-005 MSHH066-6 MSHH043-03 MN20AF7174-001 W19007-4 MSHH130-1 MN20TX015-001 MSHH206-11 W19027-4 ND1852-10 MN20ND184Y-121 W19016-5 MSHH015-5 MSHH043-10 Lamoka MSHH056-19 ND1848-1 W19013-4 W19024-18 MSHH137-1 MN19AF6869-021 MSHH113-06 MN20ND184Y-020 ND2032-2 ND20178-3 W19012-30 MN20ND184Y-120 Snowden ND1853-24 MN20AF7131-002 W19012-12 W19028-23 MN19AF6866-004 PVY RESISTANT PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR N CWT/A US#1 TOTAL PERCENT OF TOTAL1 US#1 Bs As OV PO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 488 482 464 462 455 444 429 424 423 414 413 392 392 391 390 388 380 379 364 356 347 335 334 316 306 279 260 257 254 250 249 245 245 233 227 227 227 225 217 191 189 175 163 162 84 97 90 90 85 91 90 96 95 95 89 94 96 79 90 83 89 93 86 92 88 94 76 93 90 94 86 91 90 81 85 90 80 81 82 79 75 82 72 79 63 57 88 68 577 498 516 511 536 487 478 442 445 436 462 418 407 493 433 467 429 409 423 386 393 356 442 339 340 297 303 282 283 310 294 271 306 287 276 289 304 276 303 241 302 306 185 240 10 3 10 10 7 9 10 4 5 5 11 4 4 21 9 8 10 7 14 7 9 6 24 7 10 6 14 9 10 19 15 8 20 15 18 8 24 15 28 17 27 43 12 25 84 97 90 90 85 91 87 96 95 95 89 94 96 79 90 83 89 93 86 92 88 94 76 93 87 94 86 91 90 81 85 90 80 81 82 79 75 82 72 79 63 57 88 68 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 108 6 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 9 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 13 2 3 0 4 11 0 0 7 SP GR CHIP SCORE2 OTF SED3 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY4 HH VD IBS BC 1.077 1.086 1.068 1.081 1.076 1.089 1.081 1.073 1.080 1.086 1.083 1.076 1.087 1.080 1.074 1.082 1.087 1.081 1.066 1.083 1.088 1.065 1.078 1.088 1.089 1.083 1.075 1.068 1.085 1.087 1.083 1.074 1.080 1.071 1.071 1.067 1.096 1.064 1.081 1.089 1.079 1.094 1.098 1.075 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 30 0 30 0 10 0 0 0 0 20 10 20 10 30 90 30 20 30 0 50 0 40 20 0 0 30 0 60 0 0 70 50 0 0 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 30 10 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SCAB5 MAT6 4.0 0.5 5.0 1.5 4.0 1.5 3.0 1.5 2.5 2.0 3.0 1.0 1.5 0.5 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 3.5 1.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 0.5 1.5 0.5 3.0 0.5 2.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 2.0 5.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 LINE W19027-40 MN20ND1810Y-128 MSHH185-04 MN18AF6648-010 W19018-3 ND1848-2 ND1846-6 MN20ND184Y-070 MN20W19027-074 MN20AF7145-002 W19012-9 ND2029-1 PVY RESISTANT PVYR N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MEAN Russet W19036-5rus W19035-17rus MN20ND1833B-001 W19037-1rus W19035-14rus W19034-41rus W19035-18rus Gold Rush Russet W19035-10rus W19034-30rus W19035-1rus W19034-33rus MN19AOR16034-002 W19037-11rus MN20ND17105-001 W19039-6rus Russet Norkotah W19034-15rus W19033-9rus W19034-21rus W19039-3Rus MN20ND17100-001 W19038-3rus ND195-3Russ W19038-4rus MN20CO17085-003 MEAN 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CWT/A US#1 TOTAL 152 283 138 182 133 160 114 247 114 171 106 138 88 132 87 141 69 126 62 144 48 81 25 51 275 327 375 373 364 317 289 286 285 274 248 247 247 241 232 206 195 189 187 187 184 161 150 137 102 101 58 48 507 436 439 374 360 387 356 331 344 347 360 325 336 353 337 235 292 311 345 265 178 220 168 184 230 216 219 317 PERCENT OF TOTAL1 US#1 Bs As OV PO 54 46 54 0 0 76 16 76 0 9 83 17 83 0 0 46 54 46 0 0 67 28 67 0 6 77 15 77 0 8 67 33 67 0 0 62 38 62 0 0 55 45 55 0 0 43 43 43 0 14 59 41 59 0 0 48 52 48 0 0 SP GR 1.082 1.071 1.069 1.076 1.078 1.083 1.077 1.066 1.071 1.065 1.073 1.063 CHIP SCORE2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 OTF SED3 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY4 HH VD IBS BC 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 10 20 50 0 0 30 0 0 20 40 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 30 10 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.079 74 85 83 85 80 74 80 83 72 71 69 74 69 59 58 80 64 60 53 61 84 62 60 55 25 22 17 10 17 13 17 20 15 13 24 23 28 24 24 35 42 20 27 40 39 39 16 28 36 23 71 73 74 85 83 85 80 74 80 83 72 71 69 74 69 59 58 80 64 60 53 61 84 62 60 55 25 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 5 0 2 3 6 5 4 4 6 3 2 7 6 0 0 9 0 8 0 0 10 4 22 4 4 1.083 1.072 1.073 1.083 1.071 1.072 1.070 1.063 1.061 1.074 1.070 1.069 1.072 1.068 1.079 1.065 1.071 1.075 1.071 1.077 1.057 1.070 1.073 1.068 1.071 1.070 1.071 109 1.0 - 1.0 - 0 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 20 0 0 0 10 20 20 20 40 20 0 20 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 20 50 50 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SCAB5 2.0 3.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.0 3.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 4.5 2.0 MAT6 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 4.0 2.1 3.1 3.0 2.5 4.5 4.0 3.0 2.0 5.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 2.5 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 1.5 4.0 1.5 3.0 3.5 0.5 4.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 2.3 2.4 LINE Red MSHH157-4RR MN19ND1759-001 MSHH172-3PP MSHH160-05R MSHH149-17R MSHH155-6RY MSHH170-5RR MSHH164-03RY MSHH176-2R MSHH161-06R ND1870-3R ND1940-1R Dark Red Norland ND1858Y-4R MN19TX17751-005 ND1966-1pY MSHH228-3PP MSHH161-04RY ND1979-1RR MN19ND1759-002 ND1979-2Rp ND2013-3R ND2039-3R ND2037-2R ND2036-1R ND1979-3Rp ND1915-3R ND1915-2R MSHH180-04R ND2037-3R ND2056-11pY ND2035-1R ND1913-1R MEAN PVY RESISTANT PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR N CWT/A US#1 TOTAL PERCENT OF TOTAL1 US#1 Bs As OV PO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 400 389 382 377 357 356 332 309 308 301 299 237 222 218 208 191 176 155 145 134 115 106 93 88 77 73 67 66 49 48 37 27 24 450 430 417 411 395 471 428 315 355 310 357 286 269 284 238 295 196 180 166 194 197 123 132 106 261 146 71 140 139 63 100 99 50 89 90 92 92 90 76 78 98 87 97 84 83 83 77 88 65 90 86 88 69 58 86 70 83 30 50 93 47 35 75 37 27 47 193 245 11 9 8 8 10 24 22 2 12 3 11 17 17 23 12 34 10 11 12 24 42 9 30 17 70 46 7 8 65 25 63 55 53 89 90 92 92 90 76 78 98 87 97 84 83 83 77 88 65 90 86 88 69 58 86 70 83 30 50 93 47 35 75 37 27 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 0 7 0 5 0 0 0 4 0 44 0 0 0 18 0 SP GR CHIP SCORE2 OTF SED3 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY4 HH VD IBS BC 1.056 1.067 1.068 1.086 1.071 1.083 1.069 1.086 1.072 1.067 1.061 1.075 1.053 1.069 1.077 1.063 1.063 1.063 1.066 1.059 1.068 1.060 1.060 1.058 1.054 1.068 1.068 1.072 1.069 1.060 1.045 1.056 1.071 1.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 - 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.066 110 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 30 20 0 50 20 20 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 50 10 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SCAB5 MAT6 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.0 0.5 2.0 2.0 3.5 2.5 1.5 3.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 1.5 3.5 3.0 3.5 1.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 3.5 3.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 2.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 5.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.4 2.4 LINE Table/Speciality MN20CO18192-001 MN19TX18280-002 MSHH179-04Y ND1837B-3Y MSHH224-4Y ND1840B-1R MN20TX478-001 MN20ND1824Y-001 Columba MN19TX18171-003 MN190011-002 MN18W17026-004 MEAN PVY RESISTANT PVYR nd N CWT/A US#1 TOTAL PERCENT OF TOTAL1 US#1 Bs As OV PO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 449 434 409 347 300 263 258 247 223 216 174 29 544 490 427 413 424 317 278 269 316 254 271 142 83 89 96 84 71 83 93 92 71 85 64 20 279 346 15 10 4 16 28 17 7 8 27 10 16 37 83 89 92 84 71 83 91 92 71 85 64 20 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 5 20 42 SP GR CHIP SCORE2 OTF SED3 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY4 HH VD IBS BC 1.084 1.077 1.074 1.075 1.058 1.067 1.058 1.063 1.051 1.072 1.061 1.060 2.0 3.0 1.0 - 1.0 3.0 1.0 - 10 10 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.067 1 SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. 2 CHIP SCORE: SNAC Scale (Out of the field); Ratings: 1-5; 1: Excellent, 5: Poor. 3 SED: Stem End Defect, Based on Paul Bethke's (USDA/UWisconsin - Madison) 0 - 5 scale. 0 = no SED; 3 = significant SED; 5 = severe SED 4 QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 10 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 5 MATURITY RATING: August 17, 2023; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 6 SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 111 10 0 10 20 0 0 0 30 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SCAB5 MAT6 3.5 4.0 3.0 4.0 1.5 2.5 4.0 2.5 1.0 1.0 2.5 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 2.6 2.9 Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 5/9/23 8/30/23 113 Table 3 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS ADAPTATION TRIAL, TABLESTOCK LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER May 9 to September 12, 2023 (126 days) DD Base 40°F 2935 7 LINE MSCC282-2PP MSFF353-1R MSGG127-3R MSDD088-1 Blackberry MSGG039-08 MSGG135-1R MSZ109-8PP MSFF031-6 MSGG137-1R MSGG863-A2 Reba MSFF182-1R MSCC553-1R MSGG084-1 MSFF211-2 MSFF120-2Y MSFF335-2RR MSFF230-1 MSGG039-11 MSZ416-8RY Becca Rose MSAA182-3R MSFF305-1RY MSAA101-01RR MSAA174-1 Dark Red Norland MSFF142-1P MSBB371-1YSPL MSGG158-11PP Golden Globe MSFF138-04R MSFF134-1PP Yukon Gold PVY RESISTANT PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR N CWT/A US#1 TOTAL PERCENT OF TOTAL1 US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 HH VD IBS BC 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 690 584 577 523 506 505 478 459 454 439 436 424 416 407 397 392 388 379 377 374 374 371 354 348 347 323 321 318 312 281 275 264 263 253 94 95 92 96 86 73 73 90 94 93 93 95 80 90 91 88 92 85 77 86 88 76 84 86 88 96 90 76 86 74 76 87 83 88 1.071 1.078 1.081 1.073 1.066 1.071 1.076 1.066 1.067 1.070 1.086 1.071 1.086 1.074 1.070 1.064 1.070 1.066 1.082 1.071 1.060 1.064 1.078 1.071 1.077 1.058 1.057 1.071 1.073 1.062 1.065 1.077 1.070 1.071 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 30 35 0 5 0 0 0 55 0 0 0 5 0 30 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 733 613 628 547 582 690 660 511 482 475 471 445 523 454 436 444 421 445 493 436 427 485 423 403 395 338 356 420 363 383 365 303 318 287 5 5 8 4 14 23 27 9 6 8 6 3 21 7 8 4 8 15 15 9 8 14 16 14 12 5 9 25 15 26 15 12 12 12 92 94 92 94 86 73 72 90 94 91 90 94 80 90 91 87 91 85 77 84 85 76 82 86 88 96 87 76 86 74 76 84 83 88 3 1 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 3 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 3 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 112 1 1 0 1 1 4 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 4 1 8 1 1 9 7 5 11 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 10 1 6 1 0 10 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 35 15 0 5 5 0 25 15 15 15 10 20 0 5 20 0 5 5 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 SCAB3 MAT4 BRUISE5 LB6 1.8 2.0 1.8 0.8 1.0 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.8 2.0 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.3 0.5 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 4.0 4.5 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 5.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 4.0 3.5 2.5 4.0 3.5 2.5 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.1 1.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.8 1.9 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.2 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2 1.8 0.9 R S MS MS MR MS R S R MR MS R S MR R MS MS MS R S MR S MR S R MS S LINE Colomba Jacqueline Lee MSFF230-2PY MSFF145-2R MEAN PVY RESISTANT N 2 2 2 2 CWT/A US#1 TOTAL 246 303 243 401 213 271 190 324 2 381 PERCENT OF TOTAL1 US#1 Bs As OV PO 79 21 79 0 1 61 39 61 0 1 79 17 79 0 5 59 41 59 0 1 449 SP GR 1.051 1.079 1.080 1.066 PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 HH VD IBS BC 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.071 1 SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 20 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 3 SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 4 MATURITY RATING: August 17, 2023; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 5 BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test average number of spots per tuber. 6 LB: Late blight (P. infestans US-23) foliar disease reaction. R=Resistant, MR=Moderate Resistance, MS=Moderate Susceptibility, S=Susceptible MAT4 3.5 3.5 5.0 1.5 BRUISE5 0.1 1.3 0.5 0.0 1.2 3.6 0.7 Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 2 113 SCAB3 0.8 2.3 1.3 0.8 7 LB6 MS S R S 5/9/23 9/1/23 115 Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table 4 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS PRELIMINARY TRIAL, CHIP-PROCESSING LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER May 9 to September 14, 2023 (128 days) DD Base 40°F 2935 7 LINE MSBB626-11 MSGG302-1 MSGG190-1 MSDD084-19 Mackinaw MSEE149-2 MSGG242-1 MSFF029-10 MSFF022-2 Mystere MSDD050-B MSFF088-1 MSFF035-2 MSEE025-1 Petoskey MSFF008-1 MSEE052-5 MSEE149-1 MSFF191-1Y Snowden MSGG169-2 MSEE063-6 Atlantic MEAN PVY RESISTANT N PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR PVYR 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CWT/A US#1 TOTAL PERCENT OF TOTAL1 US#1 Bs As OV PO 604 511 478 469 433 409 407 396 376 350 340 337 329 304 298 297 293 230 221 204 173 158 131 629 516 508 509 469 419 472 468 407 439 376 362 365 307 331 327 379 237 253 271 177 172 150 96 99 94 92 92 98 86 85 92 80 91 93 90 99 90 91 77 97 88 75 98 92 87 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 7 0 1 0 17 0 3 1 0 1 3 337 371 4 1 6 6 6 2 14 15 8 20 8 7 3 1 9 9 6 3 9 24 2 7 10 93 88 93 92 92 87 86 85 92 80 84 93 88 99 90 91 76 95 88 75 91 92 87 3 11 1 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 6 0 2 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 7 0 0 SP GR OTF SFA OTF SED PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 HH VD IBS BC nd 1.090 1.078 1.080 1.091 1.084 1.088 1.087 1.076 1.076 1.069 1.083 1.080 1.077 1.095 1.078 1.076 1.079 1.064 1.085 1.068 1.080 1.083 nd 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 nd 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 20 MAT4 BRUISE5 LB6 nd 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.5 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.5 2.5 1.0 1.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 nd 2.3 1.0 0.7 1.8 2.5 2.0 0.2 0.8 0.7 1.0 2.6 1.4 0.1 2.4 1.4 0.4 2.4 0.1 1.7 0.2 1.0 1.5 MR MR MS MR MR MR MS S MR MR MR MR MR MS S R S 1.2 3.6 1.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 SCAB3 1.080 1 SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 10 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 2 3 SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. MATURITY RATING: August 17, 2023; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 5 BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test average number of spots per tuber. 6 LB: Late blight (P. infestans US-23) foliar disease reaction. R=Resistant, MR=Moderate Resistance, MS=Moderate Susceptibility, S=Susceptible Plant Date: Vine Kill: 5/9/23 9/1/23 Days from planting to vine kill: 115 4 114 7 Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table 5 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS PRELIMINARY TRIAL, TABLESTOCK LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER May 9 to September 14, 2023 (128 days) DD Base 40°F 2935 7 LINE Allison MSFF301-3SPL MSFF149-01 Sifra MSGG030-3Y Jelly Spartan Splash MSFF050-1 Dark Red Norland MSAA127-01PP Camelia MEAN PVY RESISTANT N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CWT/A US#1 TOTAL PERCENT OF TOTAL1 US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 HH VD IBS BC 524 380 321 278 277 270 265 218 205 200 184 616 413 357 398 344 297 300 234 237 252 244 85 92 90 70 81 91 88 93 86 79 75 1.070 1.079 1.081 1.061 1.066 1.074 1.070 1.069 1.056 1.059 1.060 10 0 0 0 0 20 0 10 0 0 0 284 336 12 6 7 30 13 6 11 6 12 19 19 85 92 90 70 81 91 88 93 86 79 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 4 1 7 3 1 1 2 2 6 10 10 30 20 0 50 10 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MAT4 BRUISE5 LB6 1.0 0.5 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 2.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 0.8 1.3 1.5 0.2 1.2 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.9 0.2 MS MR MR MS S MR S MS MR 1.1 3.1 0.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SCAB3 1.068 1 SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 10 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 3 SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 4 MATURITY RATING: August 17, 2023; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 5 BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test average number of spots per tuber. 6 LB: Late blight (P. infestans US-23) foliar disease reaction. R=Resistant, MR=Moderate Resistance, MS=Moderate Susceptibility, S=Susceptible Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 2 115 7 5/9/23 9/1/23 115 Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table 6 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS PRELIMINARY TRIAL, PIGMENTED LINES MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER May 9 to September 14, 2023 (128 days) DD Base 40°F 2935 7 LINE MSGG102-1RR MSFF338-1PP MSFF335-3Pinto Dark Red Norland W16025-5R MSFF030-1WR W17005-3R W17026-4R MSFF334-1Pinto MEAN PVY CWT/A RESISTANT N US#1 TOTAL PVYR 382 355 258 194 160 144 111 89 85 452 453 510 243 212 225 149 187 184 198 291 PERCENT OF TOTAL1 US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 HH VD IBS BC 85 78 51 80 76 64 74 47 46 1.070 1.061 1.064 1.054 1.055 1.060 1.059 1.054 1.059 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 20 44 20 22 26 21 52 43 85 78 51 80 76 64 74 47 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 6 0 2 10 4 1 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 1.060 1 SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 10 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 3 SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. 4 MATURITY RATING: August 17, 2023; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). 5 BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test, average number of spots per tuber. 6 LB: Late blight (P. infestans US-23) foliar disease reaction. R=Resistant, MR=Moderate Resistance, MS=Moderate Susceptibility, S=Susceptible MAT4 Bruise5 LB6 2.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 2.5 0.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 5.0 ND 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.7 R MS MS S S MS S R 1.4 3.0 0.4 Plant Date: Vine Kill: Days from planting to vine kill: 2 116 SCAB3 7 5/9/23 9/1/23 115 Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill Table 7 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS DIPLOID REPLICATED TRIAL MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER May 8 to September 26, 2023 (141 days) DD Base 40°F 2952 6 LINE N CWT/A US#1 TOTAL MSHH618-01 MSHH1043-02 MSHH693-01 MSII1591-3 Atlantic MSII1117-1 Lamoka MSGG691-06 MSHH664-01 MSII1081-2 MSHH699-02 MSFF690-01 MSII1591-2 MSGG655-01 MSHH1041-4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 345 317 244 215 202 192 169 168 133 128 114 102 91 65 42 368 384 334 235 224 253 186 267 193 171 233 175 126 95 87 168 222 MEAN PERCENT OF TOTAL1 US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR PERCENT (%) TUBER QUALITY2 HH VD IBS BC 94 83 73 92 90 76 91 64 68 75 49 58 72 70 48 1.068 1.077 1.088 1.096 1.086 1.084 1.081 1.072 1.074 1.083 1.092 1.081 1.099 1.084 1.068 90 30 0 100 15 0 0 50 50 35 0 40 10 0 0 6 16 28 9 10 24 10 31 29 21 50 42 24 31 48 94 83 73 92 90 76 91 64 68 75 49 58 72 70 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 1 0 6 4 5 1 1 5 0 5 1.082 5 5 0 0 10 0 25 0 5 0 0 20 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 20 5 10 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SCAB3 MAT4 BRUISE5 1.5 0.8 3.5 1.0 2.5 2.3 0.8 1.5 1.8 - 4.0 4.5 3.5 4.0 2.0 3.0 2.5 4.0 4.5 2.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 0.0 2.4 1.3 3.2 2.1 3.5 0.8 2.9 3.8 3.3 1.5 2.1 1.7 1.9 3.3 1.7 3.3 2.3 1 SIZE: B: < 2 in.; A: 2-3.25 in.; OV: > 3.25 in.; PO: Pickouts. QUALITY: HH: Hollow Heart; BC: Brown Center; VD: Vascular Discoloration; IBS: Internal Brown Spot. Percent of 20 Oversize and/or A-size tubers cut. 3 SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%; 3: Intermediate; 5: Highly Susceptible. Plant Date: 4 MATURITY RATING: August 17, 2023; Ratings 1-5; 1: Early (vines completely dead); 5: Late (vigorous vine, some flowering). Vine Kill: 5 BRUISE: Simulated blackspot bruise test, average number of spots per tuber. Days from planting to vine kill: 6 Enviroweather: Entrican Station. Planting to vine kill 2 117 5/8/23 9/1/23 116 Table 8 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 2021-23 SCAB DISEASE TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER , MI 3-YR* LINE AVG. Sorted by ascending 2023 Average Rating; MSEE182-3 MSEE207-2 MSDD247-11 MSDD372-07 MSEE035-4 MSFF079-16 MSFF321-1 MSGG242-1 MSW474-1 MackinawPVYR, LBR MSBB060-1 MSBB614-15 MSBB636-11 MSDD050-B MSDD085-13 MSDD244-05 MSEE115-1 MSFF035-2 MSGG426-2 MSZ109-8PP MSEE149-1 MSAA076-6 MSAA101-1RR MSBB626-11 MSEE016-07 MSEE031-3 MSEE052-5 MSEE149-2 MSEE171-2 MSFF050-1 MSFF088-1 MSFF142-1P MSFF145-2R MSFF182-1R MSZ242-13 MSZ416-8RY Dark Red Norland MSAA127-01PP MSAA217-3 MSBB635-14 MSDD247-07 MSDD249-9 MSEE025-1 MSEE063-6 MSFF007-2 MSFF008-1 MSFF031-6 MSFF138-04R MSGG302-1 Blackberry 1.1 0.5 0.7 1.3 0.8 0.7* 0.7 1.4 0.6 0.9* 0.8 1.0 0.9* 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.3* 1.1 1.3* 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.1* 1.1 1.7 2023 2023 RATING WORST 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 118 2023 N 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2022 2022 RATING WORST 2022 N 2021 2021 RATING WORST 2021 N 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.8 0.8 0.8 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 3 3 3 3 3 3 1.7 0.5 0.5 1.7 1.2 3.0 0.5 0.5 2.0 1.5 3 3 3 3 3 1.0 1.8 1.5 2.5 3 6 0.5 1.8 0.5 2.5 3 3 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.5 3 3 0.3 0.5 3 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 3 3 3 3 0.5 1.3 0.5 2.0 3 3 1.5 2.0 3 0.8 1.0 3 1.3 1.5 3 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.3 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.5 1.5 3 3 3 3 3 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.0 3 3 3 3 3 1.7 3.0 3 0.8 1.0 3 1.5 2.0 3 1.7 0.8 2.0 1.0 3 3 2.0 2.0 3 1.3 2.0 6 1.2 2.0 3 1.0 1.7 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 3 3 3 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.5 2.0 3 3 3 1.2 1.5 3 1.3 1.5 3 1.0 1.5 3 1.7 2.5 3 2.2 3 Table3.0 of Contents 3-YR* LINE AVG. Sorted by ascending 2023 Average Rating; MSAA174-1 1.6 MSBB371-1YSPL 1.2 MSBB610-13 1.5* MSBB630-2 1.3 MSDD039-01 1.4* MSDD244-15 1.0 MSFF211-2 1.2 MSFF335-2RR 1.2* MSGG084-1 MSGG263-1 MSGG349-3 MSZ025-2 MSBB058-1 1.2* MSBB058-3 1.4 Petoskey 1.4 Lamoka 1.6 MSDD042-01 MSDD089-2 1.2* MSDD376-4 1.5 MSEE016-10 1.6 MSFF097-6 1.1* MSFF120-2Y 1.1 MSFF149-01 MSFF301-3SPL MSFF305-1RY 1.4 MSDD088-1 1.3 MSFF022-2 1.4* MSFF334-1Pinto 1.1 MSGG158-11PP MSAA260-3 1.6 MSBB230-1 MSFF036-1 2* MSFF037-17 1.8* MSFF038-3 1.8* MSFF077-4 MSFF134-1PP 1.6 MSFF292-1 1.4* MSGG195-1 MSGG409-3 NY163 1.8* Spartan Splash 2* W17005-3R MSGG135-1R Colomba FL2137 MSAA182-3R 1.4* MSDD553-1 1.9 MSFF030-1WR MSFF335-3Pinto 2.3* MSFF338-1PP 2.1* MSGG863-A2 MSFF029-10 2.2 MSGG030-3Y Reba 2.2 2023 2023 RATING WORST 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.5 119 2023 N 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2022 2022 RATING WORST 2022 N 1.7 1.2 1.8 1.0 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.2 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1.2 1.2 1.7 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3 3 3 3 1.0 1.7 1.3 0.8 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 3 3 3 3 3 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 2021 2021 RATING WORST 2021 N 1.8 1.3 2.5 2.0 3 3 1.7 2.0 3 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.5 3 3 1.7 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 3 6 3 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 3 3 1.0 1.5 3 3 3 3 3 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.0 3 3 0.7 1.0 3 1.5 3 1.7 2.0 3 2.3 2.0 1.8 3.0 2.0 2.0 3 3 3 1.3 1.2 1.5 2.0 3 3 1.8 2.0 3 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.5 3 3 1.0 1.8 1.5 2.0 3 3 2.2 2.5 3 2.8 2.3 3.5 3.0 3 3 2.7 3.0 3 1.8 2.0 3 2.5 3.0 3 2.2 2.5 3 Table of Contents 3-YR* LINE AVG. Sorted by ascending 2023 Average Rating; Allison Becca Rose Jelly MSCC553-1R 1.9 MSDD084-19 1.8* MSFF191-1Y MSGG194-3 MSGG169-2 Manistee 2.7 MSAA240-5 MSCC282-2PP 2.3* MSFF230-2PY MSGG039-11 MSGG190-1 Mystere W16025-5R W17026-4R Atlantic 2.8 Golden Globe Jacqueline Lee 2.8* MSGG137-1R Yukon Gold 2.4 MSFF230-1 Sifra Camelia MSGG039-08 MSGG127-3R Snowden 3.1 MSFF353-1R 2.6* MSGG102-1RR 2023 2023 RATING WORST 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.0 2023 N 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 2022 2022 RATING WORST 2022 N 2021 2021 2021 RATING WORST N 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 3 3 2.5 3.0 3 2.8 3.5 3 2.8 3.0 3 2.2 2.5 3 3.1 3.5 6 2.8 3.5 3 2.8 3.5 3 2.7 3.0 3 1.8 2.5 3 3.3 2.0 3.5 2.5 6 3 3.0 3.5 3 HSD0.05 = SCAB DISEASE RATING: MSU Scab Nursery plot rating of 0-5; 0: No Infection; 1: Low Infection <5%, no pitted leisions; 3: Intermediate >20%, some pitted leisions (Susceptible, as commonly seen on Atlantic); 5: Highly Susceptible, >75% coverage and severe pitted leisions. N = Number of replications. *2-Year Average. Table of Contents 120 Table 9 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 2023 SCAB DISEASE EARLY GENERATION TRIAL SUMMARY SCAB NURSERY, MONTCALM RESEARCH CENTER, MI 2023 2023 LINE RATING N Sorted by ascending 2023 Rating: LINE MSII1593-2 MSFF725-3 MSHH015-5 MSHH034-12 MSHH043-03 MSHH043-10 MSHH046-1 MSHH053-19 MSHH069-3 MSHH091-03 MSHH119-1 MSHH134-20 MSHH137-1 MSHH170-5RR MSHH600-A2 MSHH601-A2 MSHH1042-A1 MSHH1042-A2 MSII046-7 MSII049-1 MSII050-3 MSII050-4 MSII052-2 MSII057-2 MSII063-2 MSII075-1 MSII090-4 MSII093-1 MSII098-1 MSII105-1 MSII107-1 MSII108-6 MSII112-3 MSII117-15 MSII120-4 MSII128-1 MSII133-1 MSII133-2 MSII142-1 MSII146-1 MSII147-3 MSII147-9 MSII150-3 MSII154-1 MSII168-1 MSII172-3 MSII195-1 MSII199-2 MSII210-6 MSII211-3 MSII212-1 MSII214-1 MSII224-1 MSII243-2 MSII311-1Y MSII400-1RR MSII415-1R MSII416-6R MSII423-06R MSII1022-1 MSII1051-4 MSII1054-2 MSII1075-1 MSII1189-1 MSII1592-2Y MSII1593-1RY MSII1594-1Y MSII1598-1Y MSII1606-1 MSII1631-1 WI3-6 MSHH056-03 MSHH004-2 MSHH053-04 MSHH066-6 MSHH113-06 MSHH172-3PP MSHH224-4Y MSHH606-A2 MSHH970-A1 MSHH1500-A7 MSII040-1 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 121 2023 RATING 2023 N 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table of Contents 2023 2023 LINE RATING N Sorted by ascending 2023 Rating: MSII052-1 1.0 1 MSII067-1 1.0 1 MSII076-1 1.0 1 MSII090-2 1.0 1 MSII107-5 1.0 1 MSII117-1 1.0 1 MSII117-10 1.0 1 MSII117-12 1.0 1 MSII117-13 1.0 1 MSII119-2 1.0 1 MSII126-4 1.0 1 MSII135-1 1.0 1 MSII147-8 1.0 1 MSII169-1 1.0 1 MSII171-1 1.0 1 MSII184-1 1.0 1 MSII186-2 1.0 1 MSII190-1 1.0 1 MSII210-2 1.0 1 MSII212-2 1.0 1 MSII213-1 1.0 1 MSII214-2 1.0 1 MSII226-1 1.0 1 MSII227-1 1.0 1 MSII233-1 1.0 1 MSII233-2 1.0 1 MSII239-1 1.0 1 MSII241-1 1.0 1 MSII241-2 1.0 1 MSII242-1 1.0 1 MSII325-1Y 1.0 1 MSII328-6Y 1.0 1 MSII336-2 1.0 1 MSII338-1Y 1.0 1 MSII339-1Y 1.0 1 MSII413-2R 1.0 1 MSII415-2P 1.0 1 MSII416-2RR 1.0 1 MSII432-2R 1.0 1 MSII1054-1 1.0 1 MSII1073-1 1.0 1 MSII1148-1 1.0 1 MSII1151-1 1.0 1 MSII1172-1 1.0 1 MSII1198-1 1.0 1 LINE MSII1653-1 MSHH018-4 MSHH185-4 MSHH796-A2 MSII042-1 MSII042-2 MSII046-1 MSII078-10 MSII081-1 MSII084-1 MSII107-7 MSII108-4 MSII115-2 MSII120-5 MSII122-2 MSII128-4 MSII132-1 MSII134-1 MSII135-2 MSII149-1 MSII164-1 MSII177-1 MSII186-1 MSII198-1 MSII231-1 MSII233-3 MSII238-1 MSII243-1 MSII301-4 MSII306-5Y MSII344-4Y MSII353-1Y MSII409-05R MSII418-03R MSII418-10 MSII419-10 MSII1505-1 MSII1518-1 MSII1519-1 MSII1604-1 ND2-7 WI1-16 MI2-24 MSBB764-1 MSBB791-1 2023 RATING 2023 N 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table of Contents 122 2023 2023 LINE RATING N Sorted by ascending 2023 Rating: MSBB829-1 2.0 1 MSEE824-04 2.0 1 MSHH018-3 2.0 1 MSHH063-2 2.0 1 MSHH064-2 2.0 1 MSHH157-4RR 2.0 1 MSHH614-A4 2.0 1 MSHH685-A1 2.0 1 MSHH685-A6 2.0 1 MSHH1040-A4 2.0 1 MSHH1040-A5 2.0 1 MSII039-1 2.0 1 MSII050-1 2.0 1 MSII060-5 2.0 1 MSII091-1 2.0 1 MSII106-1 2.0 1 MSII122-4 2.0 1 MSII129-1 2.0 1 MSII311-4Y 2.0 1 MSII323-5Y 2.0 1 MSII414-2PP 2.0 1 MSII414-6PP 2.0 1 MSII415-3R 2.0 1 MSII418-04R 2.0 1 MSII418-07R 2.0 1 MSII419-07R 2.0 1 MSII432-7R 2.0 1 MSII445-1 2.0 1 MSII1001-1 2.0 1 MSII1044-1 2.0 1 MSII1111-1 2.0 1 MSII1511-1PP 2.0 1 MSII1594-3Y 2.0 1 MSII1659-1 2.0 1 MSHH068-10 2.5 1 MSHH614-A1 2.5 1 MSHH1040-A6 2.5 1 MSII046-8 2.5 1 MSII048-1 2.5 1 MSII126-1 2.5 1 MSII143-1 2.5 1 LINE MSII163-1 MSII176-3 MSII305-1 MSII309-2Y MSII311-5Y MSII326-1 MSII353-2Y MSII1201-1 MSII1503-2RP MSII1505-2 MSII1512-1 ND1-3 MSHH130-1 MSHH206-11 MSHH228-3PP MSHH614-A5 MSHH614-A6 MSHH614-A7 MSHH710-A2 MSHH970-A6 MSII088-1 MSII125-1 MSII155-1 MSII160-1 MSII225-1 MSII237-1 MSII1046-01 MSII1167-1 MSII1503-1PP MSII076-2 MSII102-1 MSII132-2 MSII1199-1 MSII1505-3 MI2-20 MSGG563-A4 MSHH048-4 MSII327-1Y MSII336-1 2023 RATING 2023 N 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Table of Contents 123 Table 10 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 2023 MSU LATE BLIGHT VARIETY TRIAL PLANT PATHOLOGY FARM, LANSING, MI Line Sort: RAUDPC Sort: RAUDPC1 LINE N MEAN LB RESISTANCE2 Allison Atlantic Guard Atlantic Becca Rose Camelia Colomba COTX08063-2Ru COTX10080-2Ru Dark Red Norland Golden Globe Jacqueline Lee Jelly Mackinaw MSAA101-01RR MSAA127-01PP MSAA174-1 MSAA240-5 MSAA260-3 MSBB351-1 MSBB614-15 MSBB626-11 MSBB636-11 MSCC553-1R MSCC725-232 MSDD050-B MSDD084-19 MSDD088-1 MSDD244-05 MSDD244-15 MSDD247-07 MSDD247-11 MSDD249-9 MSDD370-2 MSDD372-07 MSDD483-1 MSDD553-1 MSEE025-1 MSEE031-3 MSEE035-4 MSEE048-2Y MSEE052-5 MSEE063-6 MSEE180-3P MSEE182-3 MSEE191-3Y MSEE207-2 MSFF007-2 MSFF022-2 MSFF030-1WR MSFF031-3SPL MSFF031-6 3 45 3 3 3 3 2 3 6 1 2 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 6.6 13.9 12.3 8.4 4.2 10.7 10.7 9.4 24.0 13.4 12.7 5.1 6.2 12.3 10.2 4.1 7.0 9.4 11.2 0.7 5.7 6.9 4.4 9.7 5.0 3.3 15.8 7.6 0.5 5.9 5.3 3.6 4.5 0.6 10.6 5.6 4.4 5.9 2.7 0.1 5.8 1.5 3.5 6.5 3.2 4.3 7.6 7.8 8.0 3.9 6.5 MS S S MS MR MS MS MS S S S MR MR S MS MR MS MS MS R MR MS MR MS MR MR S MS R MR MR MR MR R MS MR MR MR R R MR R MR MS MR MR MS MS MS MR MS RAUDPC1 LINE N MEAN LB RESISTANCE2 MSFF230-2PY MSEE048-2Y MSFF334-1Pinto MSFF072-1Y MSDD244-15 MSDD372-07 MSFF305-1RY MSBB614-15 MSFF182-1R MSFF353-1R MSEE063-6 MSFF230-1 MSGG137-1R MSFF138-04R MSGG102-1RR MSFF211-2 MSEE035-4 MSEE191-3Y MSDD084-19 MSFF149-01 MSEE180-3P MSDD249-9 MSZ219-13 MSFF097-6 MSFF079-16 MSFF031-3SPL MSFF191-1Y MSAA174-1 MSGG242-1 Camelia MSEE207-2 MSCC553-1R MSEE025-1 MSDD370-2 MSFF088-1 MSFF301-3SPL MSFF335-2RR MSGG349-3 MSDD050-B MSGG426-2 Jelly MSFF142-1P MSDD247-11 MSGG302-1 MSDD553-1 MSBB626-11 MSEE052-5 MSGG409-3 MSDD247-07 MSEE031-3 MSGG135-1R 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR Table of Contents 124 Line Sort: RAUDPC Sort: RAUDPC LINE N MSFF034-4P MSFF037-17 MSFF038-3 MSFF072-1Y MSFF077-4 MSFF079-16 MSFF088-1 MSFF097-6 MSFF120-2Y MSFF134-1PP MSFF138-04R MSFF142-1P MSFF145-2R MSFF149-01 MSFF182-1R MSFF191-1Y MSFF206-1 MSFF211-2 MSFF230-1 MSFF230-2PY MSFF301-3SPL MSFF305-1RY MSFF321-1 MSFF334-1Pinto MSFF335-2RR MSFF335-3Pinto MSFF338-1PP MSFF353-1R MSGG030-3Y MSGG039-08 MSGG039-11 MSGG084-1 MSGG102-1RR MSGG135-1R MSGG137-1R MSGG169-2 MSGG190-1 MSGG242-1 MSGG263-1 MSGG302-1 MSGG349-3 MSGG409-3 MSGG426-2 MSW474-1 MSZ219-13 MSZ242-13 MSZ416-8RY MSZ513-2 MSZ598-2 Mystere NY163 Reba Sifra Snowden 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 MEAN 11.5 7.5 10.7 0.4 11.0 3.8 4.6 3.7 13.3 11.2 2.5 5.2 23.2 3.5 0.7 4.1 6.1 2.6 2.1 0.1 4.6 0.6 8.8 0.3 4.8 6.9 7.7 1.4 14.6 8.7 7.1 7.3 2.5 6.0 2.4 15.2 10.2 4.1 8.4 5.5 5.0 5.9 5.1 9.3 3.6 10.2 9.2 13.6 12.8 14.5 14.2 13.8 9.8 6.8 1 LB RESISTANCE2 MS MS MS R MS MR MR MR S MS R MR S MR R MR MR R R R MR R MS R MR MS MS R S MS MS MS R MR R S MS MR MS MR MR MR MR MS MR MS MS S S S S S MS MS RAUDPC1 LINE N MSFF206-1 Mackinaw MSEE182-3 MSFF031-6 Allison Snowden MSFF335-3Pinto MSBB636-11 MSAA240-5 MSGG039-11 MSGG084-1 MSFF037-17 MSDD244-05 MSFF007-2 MSFF338-1PP MSFF022-2 MSFF030-1WR Becca Rose MSGG263-1 MSGG039-08 MSFF321-1 MSZ416-8RY MSW474-1 MSAA260-3 COTX10080-2Ru MSCC725-232 Sifra MSGG190-1 MSZ242-13 MSAA127-01PP MSDD483-1 Colomba COTX08063-2Ru MSFF038-3 MSFF077-4 MSBB351-1 MSFF134-1PP MSFF034-4P MSAA101-01RR Atlantic Jacqueline Lee MSZ598-2 MSFF120-2Y Golden Globe MSZ513-2 Reba Atlantic Guard NY163 Mystere MSGG030-3Y W16025-5R MSGG169-2 W17005-3R MSDD088-1 3 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 1 3 3 45 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 MEAN 6.1 6.2 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.8 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.8 8.0 8.4 8.4 8.7 8.8 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.7 9.8 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.6 10.7 10.7 10.7 11.0 11.2 11.2 11.5 12.3 12.3 12.7 12.8 13.3 13.4 13.6 13.8 13.9 14.2 14.5 14.6 14.9 15.2 15.5 15.8 LB RESISTANCE2 MR MR MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S Table of Contents 125 Line Sort: RAUDPC Sort: RAUDPC LINE N W16025-5R W17005-3R 2 3 MEAN 14.9 15.5 1 LB RESISTANCE2 S S RAUDPC1 LINE N MSFF145-2R Dark Red Norland 2 6 MEAN 23.2 24.0 LB RESISTANCE2 S S 1 Ratings indicate the average plot RAUDPC (Relative Area Under the Disease Progress Curve). 2 LB Resistance: R=Resistant, MR=Moderate Resistance, MS=Moderate Susceptibility, S=Susceptible LB Isolate used: US-23 Table of Contents 126 Table 11 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 2023 MSU LATE BLIGHT EARLY GENERATION TRIAL PATHOLOGY FARM EAST, LANSING, MI RAUDPC1 LB LINE MEAN RESISTANCE2 Sorted by ascending 2023 RAUDPC N LINE MSFF230-2PY MSII414-6PP MSSFF230-1 MSII233-2 MI2-20 MSHH056-19 MSII414-2PP MSII416-2RR MSII186-2 MSII120-5 MSHH043-03 MSHH053-04 MSHH134-20 MSII149-1 MSII305-1 MSII198-1 MSII233-1 MSII306-5Y MSII147-9 MSII147-8 MSHH056-03 MSHH004-2 MSII213-1 MSHH018-3 MSHH063-2 MSHH069-3 MSII233-3 MI2-24 MSHH018-4 MSII150-3 MSII242-1 MSII126-4 MSII057-2 MSHH043-10 MSHH015-5 MSII237-1 MSII147-3 MSHH053-19 MSII049-1 MSHH066-6 MSHH091-03 MSHH130-1 MSII176-3 MSII135-1 MSHH185-4 MSII115-2 MSII328-6Y MSII048-1 MSII105-1 MSII134-1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MSHH113-06 MSHH137-1 MSII199-2 MSII212-2 MSII416-6R WI1-16 ND2-7 MSII106-1 MSII076-2 MSHH048-4 MSII135-2 MSII120-4 MSII125-1 MSII060-5 MSII042-1 MSII093-1 MSII112-3 MSII212-1 MSII226-1 MSII186-1 MSII119-2 MSHH206-11 MSII042-2 MSII076-1 MSHH224-4Y MSII231-1 MSHH119-1 MSII338-1Y MSII184-1 MSII445-1 Atlantic Guard MSII126-1 ND1-3 MSII040-1 MSII301-4 WI3-6 MSII309-2Y 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.9 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.4 6.0 6.1 6.1 7.1 7.1 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.6 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MR MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS RAUDPC1 LB MEAN RESISTANCE2 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.6 8.7 8.8 9.0 9.1 9.3 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.1 10.4 10.4 10.7 10.7 10.7 10.9 11.1 11.4 11.4 12.1 12.4 12.5 12.9 13.1 13.6 15.0 15.4 16.4 MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS S S S S S S S S S N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ratings indicate the average plot RAUDPC (Relative Area Under the Disease Progress Curve). 2 LB Resistance: R=Resistant, MR=Moderate Resistance, MS=Moderate Susceptibility, S=Susceptible Table of Contents 127 Table 12 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY POTATO BREEDING and GENETICS 2023 BLACKSPOT BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST SIMULATED BRUISE SAMPLES* ENTRY SP GR ADAPTATION TRIAL, CHIP-PROCESSING LINES NY163 1.083 MSGG426-2 1.080 MSBB636-11 1.075 MSDD042-01 1.074 MSDD089-2 1.078 MSGG349-3 1.070 MSEE182-3 1.077 MSFF077-4 1.078 MSZ025-2 1.076 MSAA260-3 1.084 Atlantic 1.081 FL2137 1.080 MSZ242-13 1.092 Snowden 1.080 MSFF292-1 1.086 MSFF321-1 1.087 MSGG263-1 1.073 MSGG195-1 1.075 MSBB610-13 1.082 MSDD247-11 1.090 MSDD039-01 1.078 MSAA240-5 1.086 MSFF097-6 1.087 Manistee 1.077 Lamoka 1.084 MSDD085-13 1.081 MSBB230-1 1.085 MSFF036-1 1.077 Petoskey 1.086 MSEE115-1 1.094 MSEE031-3 1.083 MSEE207-2 1.083 MSFF037-17 1.090 MSDD244-05 1.084 MSDD376-4 1.088 MSDD247-07 1.098 MSBB060-1 1.079 MSBB058-3 1.085 MSFF079-16 1.083 MSBB614-15 1.081 MSAA217-3 1.093 MSFF038-3 1.086 MSBB635-14 1.077 MSEE171-2 1.080 MSFF007-2 1.085 MSGG409-3 1.078 MSDD249-9 1.087 Mackinaw 1.092 MSDD244-15 1.078 MSBB058-1 1.095 MSEE016-07 1.094 MSDD553-1 1.078 MSAA076-6 1.089 MSBB630-2 1.081 MSDD372-07 1.094 MSGG194-3 1.079 MSW474-1 1.082 0 21 19 19 15 16 13 11 11 12 11 11 11 10 9 6 10 10 8 7 6 5 3 1 5 2 1 5 3 6 3 2 6 4 2 4 4 3 6 2 4 3 6 5 3 4 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 0 2 1 0 0 NUMBER OF SPOTS PER TUBER 1 2 3 4 5+ 4 6 4 10 7 7 11 10 7 8 9 10 9 10 12 5 7 7 6 10 9 11 13 9 11 10 6 10 5 7 6 4 5 8 6 7 8 2 7 4 5 3 5 6 7 11 5 4 6 4 7 3 6 6 2 2 3 0 0 2 0 2 3 3 4 3 4 4 0 6 6 5 7 6 5 3 9 8 4 7 5 6 9 9 3 6 3 11 8 8 7 8 5 6 9 9 6 8 6 3 6 6 9 6 8 7 8 7 5 8 4 10 9 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 1 2 5 1 4 4 3 1 6 3 7 6 4 6 6 4 3 4 2 4 6 5 5 8 4 1 3 8 7 4 9 2 7 5 2 2 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 2 3 1 0 1 2 2 1 4 4 5 1 2 4 3 2 6 3 1 2 1 2 3 3 8 0 4 5 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 1 1 1 2 1 0 2 2 0 4 5 1 2 3 0 5 0 6 6 5 3 6 PERCENT (%) BRUISE FREE AVERAGE SPOTS/TUBER 84 76 76 60 64 57 44 44 52 46 44 46 40 36 26 43 40 36 35 22 20 13 4 20 8 4 20 13 25 14 8 24 16 8 16 17 12 24 8 17 12 24 20 12 16 3 8 8 8 4 4 8 0 8 4 0 0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.4 Table of Contents 128 NUMBER OF SPOTS PER TUBER ENTRY SP GR 0 1 2 3 4 5+ ADAPTATION TRIAL, CHIP-PROCESSING LINES (contd.) MSEE035-4 1.091 1 1 2 6 10 5 MSEE016-10 1.095 0 2 0 3 9 8 PERCENT (%) BRUISE FREE AVERAGE SPOTS/TUBER 4 0 3.5 4.0 ADAPTATION TRIAL, TABLESTOCK LINES MSFF145-2R 1.066 Colomba 1.051 MSZ109-8PP 1.066 MSCC553-1R 1.074 Golden Globe 1.065 MSFF305-1RY 1.071 MSFF142-1P 1.071 Becca Rose 1.064 Dark Red Norland 1.057 Blackberry 1.066 MSGG039-11 1.071 MSZ416-8RY 1.060 MSGG135-1R 1.076 MSDD088-1 1.073 MSFF230-2PY 1.080 MSGG039-08 1.071 MSGG084-1 1.070 MSBB371-1YSPL 1.073 MSAA174-1 1.058 MSAA182-3R 1.078 MSFF120-2Y 1.070 Reba 1.071 MSGG137-1R 1.070 MSFF182-1R 1.086 MSFF353-1R 1.078 MSGG127-3R 1.081 Yukon Gold 1.071 MSAA101-01RR 1.077 Jacqueline Lee 1.079 MSFF230-1 1.082 MSFF031-6 1.067 MSFF138-04R 1.077 MSFF335-2RR 1.066 26 22 22 21 20 19 17 19 17 17 17 19 17 15 18 16 15 13 12 11 10 8 9 6 11 11 9 6 3 8 6 5 2 1 3 3 3 4 6 6 5 7 8 8 4 7 8 5 6 7 11 10 9 10 10 12 16 7 8 10 11 12 6 8 6 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 4 5 4 3 3 6 4 6 8 6 5 4 7 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 2 4 3 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 96 88 88 88 80 76 74 76 71 68 68 76 68 63 69 64 63 52 48 44 40 36 36 24 44 44 36 23 13 33 25 19 11 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.9 PRELLIMINARY CHIP MSEE025-1 MSFF191-1Y MSFF029-10 MSGG169-2 MSEE052-5 MSDD084-19 Mystere MSFF022-2 MSDD050-B MSEE063-6 MSGG190-1 MSFF008-1 MSFF035-2 Atlantic Snowden Mackinaw MSGG242-1 MSGG302-1 Petoskey MSEE149-1 MSEE149-2 MSFF088-1 21 22 21 9 16 13 12 12 12 3 10 5 3 1 2 4 1 1 0 2 3 3 2 3 4 0 8 8 9 8 4 6 8 6 10 6 8 7 8 1 3 2 4 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 4 3 5 3 4 4 11 5 10 7 7 5 12 3 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 2 4 0 0 5 3 5 5 8 2 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 3 3 1 2 3 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 91 88 84 90 64 52 48 48 50 25 40 26 12 8 8 17 4 8 0 15 12 18 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 1.077 1.064 1.087 1.068 1.076 1.080 1.076 1.076 1.069 1.080 1.078 1.078 1.080 1.083 1.085 1.091 1.088 1.090 1.095 1.079 1.084 1.083 Table of Contents 129 NUMBER OF SPOTS PER TUBER 1 2 3 4 5+ PERCENT (%) BRUISE FREE AVERAGE SPOTS/TUBER 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 ENTRY SP GR 0 PRELIMINARY PIGMENTED W17005-3R W17026-4R Dark Red Norland W16025-5R MSFF335-3Pinto MSFF338-1PP MSFF030-1WR MSFF334-1Pinto 1.059 1.054 1.054 1.055 1.064 1.061 1.060 1.059 21 12 18 18 15 15 7 7 1 1 6 6 9 8 4 3 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 92 72 72 60 60 54 54 PRELIMINARY TABLE Sifra Dark Red Norland Camelia Jelly Allison MSAA127-01PP Spartan Splash MSFF050-1 MSGG030-3Y MSFF301-3SPL MSFF149-01 1.061 1.056 1.060 1.074 1.070 1.059 1.070 1.069 1.066 1.079 1.081 21 13 19 18 13 6 10 5 6 8 6 2 1 6 5 4 16 8 4 10 4 9 1 1 0 2 4 3 4 3 7 10 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 88 87 76 72 57 24 42 38 24 32 24 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 USPB/SFA TRIAL CHECK SAMPLES (Not bruised) Lamoka 1.083 AF6165-9 1.085 Snowden 1.085 MSAFB635-15 1.087 NY174 1.079 AF6200-4 1.080 NY177 1.095 15 11 11 11 7 5 1 7 10 10 9 11 9 8 2 4 2 2 6 5 7 1 0 2 3 0 3 7 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 60 44 44 44 28 20 4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.6 2.1 USPB/SFA TRIAL BRUISE SAMPLES NY174 MSAFB635-15 Lamoka AF6165-9 Snowden NY177 AF6200-4 1.079 1.087 1.083 1.085 1.085 1.095 1.080 5 8 2 2 3 1 1 7 7 8 7 6 3 4 9 3 6 6 7 6 2 3 2 7 4 3 4 3 0 3 1 5 3 9 2 1 2 1 1 3 2 13 20 32 8 8 12 4 4 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.9 3.6 DIPLOID TRIAL (replicated trial) MSHH618-01 Lamoka MSHH693-01 MSHH699-02 MSII1591-2 MSGG655-01 Atlantic MSFF690-01 MSHH1043-02 MSGG691-06 MSII1591-3 MSHH1041-4 MSII1081-2 MSII1117-1 MSHH664-01 1.068 1.081 1.088 1.092 1.099 1.084 1.086 1.081 1.077 1.072 1.096 1.068 1.083 1.084 1.074 25 9 7 6 5 3 3 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 9 6 6 6 4 3 3 4 1 2 1 1 1 0 4 5 3 6 9 9 5 9 3 4 2 3 3 1 0 0 2 5 3 5 6 7 12 6 10 7 2 7 5 0 0 2 0 3 1 3 2 1 6 9 3 3 8 12 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 3 1 4 3 5 6 100 36 28 29 22 12 12 24 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.8 * Thirteen to twenty-five (dependent on the number of replications used) A-size tuber samples were collected at harvest, held at 50 F at least 12 hours, and placed in a six-sided plywood drum and rotated ten times to produce simulated bruising. Samples were abrasive-peeled and scored 10/27/2023. The table is presented in ascending order of average number of spots per tuber. Table of Contents 130 2022-2023 MICHIGAN POTATO DEMONSTRATION STORAGE ANNUAL REPORT MICHIGAN POTATO INDUSTRY COMMISSION Chris Long, Coordinator, Trina VanAtta, and Azamat Sardarbekov Introduction and Acknowledgements Round white potato production for chip processing continues to lead the potato market in Michigan. Michigan growers continually look for promising new round white varieties that meet necessary production and processing criteria. There are many variety trials underway in Michigan that evaluate chipping varieties for yield, solids, disease resistance, desired tuber size profile, and chipping quality with the hope of exhibiting the positive attributes of these lines to growers and processors. Extended storage chip quality and tuber storability are highly important in round white potato production. Therefore, any new chip processing varieties with commercialization potential will have storage profiles developed. Examining new varieties for long-term storage and processing quality keeps the Michigan chip industry at the leading edge of the snack food industry. The information in this report allows the industry to make informed decisions about the value of adopting these varieties into commercial production. The Michigan Potato Industry Commission (MPIC) Potato Demonstration Storage Facility consists of two structures. The first building, the Dr. B. F. (Burt) Cargill Building, constructed in 1999, allows the Michigan potato industry to generate storage and chip quality data on newly identified chip processing clones. This information helps to establish the commercial potential of new varieties. This demonstration storage facility utilizes six 550 cwt. bulk bins (Bins 1-6) that have independent ventilation systems. The Ben Kudwa Building, built in 2008, has three independently ventilated 600 cwt. bulk bins. The first of these bulk bins, Bin 7, was converted to box bin storage that holds 36, 10 cwt. box bins to provide storage profiles on earlier generation potato varieties. The box bin is an entry point into storage profiling that allows the industry to learn about a variety’s physical and chemical storability before advancing to the bulk bin level. A variety is evaluated for 4-6 years before entering box bin testing. In the variety development process, little information has been collected about a varieties’ physical storability or chemical storage profile prior to being included in the box bin trial. A storage profile consists of monthly or bi-weekly sampling of potatoes to obtain sucrose and glucose Table of Contents 131 levels, chip color, and defect values. In addition, we evaluate each variety for weight loss or shrinkage and pressure bruise. With this information we create the storage profile of a variety, providing the industry with a clearer picture of where a line can or cannot be utilized in the snack food industry. The Michigan potato industry hopes to use these storage profiles to improve long-term storage quality, deliverability of product and, ultimately, sustained market share. The two remaining 600 cwt. bulk bins in the second structure are used to evaluate the postharvest physiology of potatoes. The facility can be used to evaluate storage pathology or sprout inhibitor products. The Michigan potato industry recognizes the importance of controlling disease and sprout development in storage and is committed to doing research in these areas. This sixteenth annual Demonstration Storage Report contains the results of the storage work conducted in the facility during the 2022-2023 storage season. Section I, “2022-2023 New Chip Processing Variety Box Bin Report”, contains the results and highlights from our 10-cwt. box bin study. Section II, “2022-2023 Bulk Bin (500 cwt. bin) Report,” shows bulk bin results, including information from commercial processors regarding these new varieties. The storage facility, and the work done within it, is directed by the Michigan Potato Industry Commission (MPIC) Storage and Handling Committee and Michigan State University (MSU) faculty. The funding and financial support for this facility, and the research conducted within it, is largely derived from the MPIC. The committee occasionally receives support for a given project from private and/or public interests. We wish to acknowledge all the support and investment we receive to operate and conduct storage research. First, we express our gratitude for the partnership we enjoy between the MPIC and MSU. Thank you to the MPIC Storage & Handling Committee for their investment of time, guiding the decisions and direction of the facility. Brice Stein, Walther Farms Cass City; Todd Young, and Chase Young, Sandyland Farms; Karl Ritchie, Walther Farms Three Rivers, Jeff Thorlund, Thorlund Brothers Farm, and Kyle Lennard, Lennard Ag. Co. for providing the material to fill the bulk bins this year; without their willingness to be involved, we could not have accomplished our objectives. Equal in importance are the processors who invested in this research. They are Mitch Keeney, Jim Fitzgerald, and Jack Corriere of UTZ Quality Foods, Table of Contents 132 Inc., Hanover, PA, and Al Lee and Phil Gusmano of Better Made Snack Foods Inc., Detroit, MI. It has been a great pleasure to work with all of you. Special thanks to Butch Riley (Gun Valley Ag. & Industrial Services, Inc.) for his annual investment in the sprout treatment of the storage facility. We would also like to acknowledge a long list of additional contributors who invested much time to help foster a quality storage program: Dr. Dave Douches and the MSU Potato Breeding and Genetics Program, Todd Forbush (Techmark, Inc), Mathew Klein (Farm Manager, MSU Montcalm Research Center), and Tim and Matt Wilkes (Potato Services of Michigan). All played a role in making this facility useful to the Michigan potato industry. Overview of the 2022 Production Season The overall 6-month average maximum and minimum temperatures during the 2022 growing season in central Michigan was consistent with the 15-year average temperatures. April and September had cooler maximum temperatures than average while the other months were consistent with the average (Table 1). Minimum temperatures were consistent with the 15-year average. Extreme heat events were also average in 2022, with 11 hours over two days exceeding 90oF during the summer (Table 2). High nighttime temperatures (over 70oF) were consistent with the average, 123 hours over 26 days in 2022. Rainfall for April through September was 19.82 inches, 1.34 inches above the 15-year average (Table 3). April, July, and, most significantly, August were rainier than average. August had almost three inches of additional rainfall compared to the 15-year average. May, June, and September were drier than average. Table of Contents 133 Table 1. The 15-year summary of average maximum and minimum temperatures (°F) during the growing season at the Montcalm Research Center. * April May June July August September Average Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. 61 33 67 40 77 56 80 58 80 54 73 50 73 49 56 33 67 45 76 54 75 53 76 56 74 49 71 48 64 33 70 49 77 57 83 62 82 61 69 50 74 52 53 33 68 48 77 56 85 62 79 58 70 48 72 51 58 33 73 48 84 53 90 62 82 55 74 46 77 50 51 33 73 48 77 55 81 58 80 54 73 48 73 49 55 33 68 45 78 57 77 54 79 56 72 47 73 49 58 33 71 48 76 54 80 56 77 57 77 54 72 49 53 32 70 45 78 53 82 60 85 60 78 54 73 51 61 39 67 44 78 55 81 58 77 54 77 50 74 50 55 33 81 46 84 58 88 64 84 63 76 52 78 53 55 35 65 45 75 54 84 69 80 55 73 54 72 52 56 29 76 35 77 54 81 68 78 60 70 48 73 49 58 35 69 41 80 58 81 58 85 59 76 50 75 50 51 33 71 45 79 55 81 58 79 58 71 52 72 50 Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 15-Year Average 56 33 70 45 78 55 82 60 80 57 74 50 73 50 Table 2. Six-year heat stress summary (from May 1st – Sept. 30th)* o Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Average Temperatures > 90 F Hours Days 14 3 11 4 0 0 12 3 0 0 11 2 8 2 Night (10pm-8am) Temperatures > 70oF Hours 80 123 104 123 168 123 120 Days 18 31 20 30 35 26 27 Table of Contents 134 Table 3. The 15-year summary of precipitation (inches per month) recorded during the growing season at the Montcalm Research Center. * Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 15-Year Average April 1.59 3.94 1.59 3.42 2.35 7.98 4.24 3.71 2.25 4.45 2.04 2.64 3.49 1.71 3.44 May 1.69 2.15 3.68 3.08 0.98 4.52 5.51 2.96 2.77 1.98 5.51 5.46 4.75 2.18 2.67 June 2.95 2.43 3.21 2.38 0.99 2.26 3.25 4.79 1.33 6.37 3.64 2.90 1.40 5.58 1.59 July 3.07 2.07 2.14 1.63 3.63 1.35 3.71 1.72 3.42 0.92 1.19 2.04 4.07 4.79 3.37 August 3.03 4.74 2.63 2.57 3.31 4.06 1.78 2.42 5.35 1.36 7.73 3.31 2.21 3.52 6.56 September 5.03 1.49 1.88 1.84 0.76 1.33 2.35 3.90 3.05 0.70 2.65 5.72 3.12 3.71 2.19 Total 17.36 16.82 15.13 14.92 12.02 21.50 20.84 19.50 18.17 15.78 22.76 22.07 19.04 21.49 19.82 3.26 3.33 3.00 2.61 3.64 2.65 18.48 *Weather data collected at the MSU Montcalm Research Center, Entrican, MI. Table of Contents 135 I. 2022-2023 New Chip Processing Variety Box Bin Report (Chris Long, Trina VanAtta, Azamat Sardarbekov, and Brian Sackett) Introduction This project evaluated new chip processing varieties from public and private breeding programs for processing quality after storage. We evaluated a variety’s response to pile temperature, as reflected in sucrose and glucose levels, as well as weight loss and pressure bruise susceptibility. Bin 7 contains 36 10 cwt. boxes. We organized the 36 boxes into six stacks of six. The box design allows air to travel in from a header, or plenum wall, through the forklift holes of each box and up through the potatoes within it. The air continues to flow up through the next box until it reaches the top and is drawn off the top of the chamber. The air is then reconditioned and forced back through the header wall plenums and up through the boxes again. Each box contains a sample door facing the center aisle from which we sampled tubers for bi-weekly or monthly quality evaluations. Procedure In 2022, we evaluated and compared 32 new varieties to the check variety Snowden. Once the varieties were chosen, 1 cwt. of most varieties were planted in a single 34-inch wide row. Some varieties were planted on one half of a row for monthly sampling. Planting occurred on May 20th at the MSU Montcalm Research Center, Entrican, MI. We planted the varieties at a 10” inrow seed spacing. All varieties received the following fertilizer: 284 lb. N/A, 92 lb. P2O5/A and 299 lb. K2O/A. The varieties were vine killed after 110 days and allowed to set skins for 23 days before harvest on September 20th and October 4th, which was 133 days after planting. We did not account for variety maturity in harvest timing due to storage and handling restrictions. We placed approximately 10 cwt. of each variety in a box bin and stacked the boxes in Bin 7. The average storage temperature for all the box bins was 54.0ºF for the 2022-2023 season. At harvest, we collected nine 20 lb. samples from selected full row variety for weight loss and pressure bruise evaluation. We describe the varieties, their pedigree, and scab ratings in Table 4. We also recorded yield, size distribution, chip quality, and specific gravity at harvest in Table 5. We graded the varieties to remove all “B” size tubers and pickouts, ensuring that the tubers began storage in good physical condition. 136 Table of Contents The storage season began October 4th, 2022, and ended June 5th, 2023. Bin 7 was gassed with DMN and CIPC on November 4th, 2022 and March 14th, 2023. We began variety evaluations on October 4th, followed by a bi-weekly or monthly sampling schedule until early June. We randomly selected forty tubers from each box biweekly or monthly and sent them to Techmark, Inc. for sucrose, glucose, chip color, and defect evaluation. We also evaluated pressure bruising by placing nine pressure sample bags for select varieties in one of the bulk bins at the storage facility. We placed three bags at each of 3’, 8’, and 14’ from the pile floor. When that bin was unloaded, we weighed the sample bags and calculated percent weight loss. We evaluated a 25tuber sample from each of the nine bags for the presence or absence of pressure bruise. We recorded the number of tubers and severity of bruise. All pressure bruises were evaluated for discoloration. This report is not an archive of all the data that we generated for the box bin trial, but rather a summary of the data from the most promising lines. This report presents a summary of information from the best performing lines from this trial that will be moved forward in the commercialization process. For more information, please contact Chris Long at Michigan State University in the Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences at (517) 256-6529 or longch@msu.edu. Additional data is available on the program website, canr.msu.edu/potatooutreach and database, msupotato.medius.re. Table of Contents 137 Table 4. 2022-2023 MPIC Demonstration Chip Box Bin Variety Descriptions Entry Pedigree 2022 Scab Rating* AF6526-7 Pike x AF5040-8 2.3 Characteristics Below average yield, common scab susceptible, flat oval tuber type, thin skin Below average yield, average specific gravity, common scab susceptibility, blocky round type Very low yield, smaller tuber size profile, low specific gravity, some purple skin pigmentation Above average yield, common scab susceptibility, blocky round type, thin skin AF6603-5 NY121 x MSR127-2 1.4 Bliss (NY163) NYE50-8 x NYE48-2 0.7 CO12293-1W CO02024-9W x ND7519-1 1.1 Dundee (MSW474-1) MSN190-2 x MSP516-A 0.6 Low yield, significantly smaller tuber size, uniform round type Mackinaw Saginaw Chipper x Lamoka 0.5 Above average yield, high vascular discoloration, very low scab susceptibility, non-uniform type MSAA076-6 MSR127-2 x MSS297-3 0.7 Above average yield, above average defects, poor appearance MSAA260-03 MSQ086-3 x Atlantic 1.1 Low scab susceptibility, trace stem end defects, blocky round tuber type MSAFB609-12 NY148 x MSQ086-3 1.1 Very low average yield, common scab susceptibility, smaller flat round to oval tuber type MSAFB635-15 NYH15-5 x MSS297-3 1.3 Good internal quality, smaller uniform round type, common scab susceptible MSBB008-3 Atlantic x MSR127-2 0.9 Average specific gravity, above average vascular discoloration, flat round to oval tuber type MSBB058-1 NY148 x MSR127-2 0.9 Average internal defects, average yield, blocky round type MSBB610-13 NY148 x MST096-2Y 0.4 Average yield, above average internal defects, flat blocky round to oval type Table of Contents 138 2022 Scab Rating* Characteristics MSBB614-15 Saginaw Chipper x MSR127-2 0.4 Moderate to large size profile, average yield, significant vascular discoloration, high proportion pick outs MSBB630-2 Lady Liberty x Kalkaska 0.5 High yield, low scab susceptibility, medium round type MSBB636-11 Lady Liberty x MST096-2Y 0.6 Very high yield, large blocky type, high proportion pick outs, pit rot MSDD084-19 NY148 x M5 0.6 Severe hollow heart and vascular discoloration, large flat blocky type MSDD088-1 NY154 x MSQ086-3 0.4 Very high yield, low specific gravity, high vascular discoloration MSDD089-2 NY154 x MSR127-2 0.5 Low specific gravity, round to oval type, low scab susceptibility MSDD244-05 Mackinaw x MSR127-2 0.5 Low yield, blocky round type, deep apical eyes MSDD376-4 NY148 x MSV033-1 0.4 High vascular discoloration, low scab susceptibility, flat round type MSDD553-01 Mackinaw x MSQ086-3 0.7 Average yield, no defects, significantly smaller tuber size profile MSEE031-3 MSZ219-14 x Lamoka 0.2 Low vascular discoloration, average defect susceptibility, light netted skin MSFF097-6 MSR127-2 x MSCC725-174 0.4 Low yield, significantly smaller tuber size profile, high vascular discoloration Dundee (MSZ242-13) MSR169-8Y x MSU383-A 0.5 High yield, many defects, high specific gravity, less uniform shape NY168 NY148 x E48-2 1.1 Low scab susceptibility, flat round to oval type, not uniform Entry Pedigree Table of Contents 139 Entry Pedigree 2022 Scab Rating* Characteristics NY174 NY148 x E48-2 0.3 High yield, high vascular discoloration, large flat blocky type NY175 Lady Liberty x NYF31-1 0.8 Low yield, excellent internal quality, high scab susceptibility NY179 (NYR1-7) Andover x Lady Liberty 1.0 Average yield , high vascular discoloration, flat round to oval type NYS37-2 K31-4 x F31-3 0.7 Very low yield, moderate size, average specific gravity Sinatra Hanse Seed 1.5 Low yield, many defects, high scab susceptibility Snowden B5141-6 x Wischip 1.9 High hollow heart susceptibility, high vascular discoloration, flat, round type W15NYR11-13 NY158 x NYF31-3 1.3 High yield, high vascular discoloration, high scab susceptibility *Scab rating based on 0-5 scale; 0 = most resistant and 5 = most susceptible across all locations in 2022. Common scab data and qualitative descriptions provided by the Potato Outreach Program. Table of Contents 140 Table 5. 2022 Storage Chip Processing Potato Variety Trial Montcalm Research Center Box Bin Planting: 5/20/22 Vine Kill: 9/7/22 Harvest: 9/30/22 and 10/4/22 GDD40: 3045 PERCENT OF TOTAL 1 CWT/A RAW TUBER QUALITY4 (%) LINE US#1 TOTAL US#1 Bs As OV PO SP GR2 MSDD088‐1 NY174 Mackinaw MSBB636‐11 MSAA076‐6 MSAA260‐03 W15NYR11‐13 MSBB630‐2 Dundee (MSZ242‐13) MSBB058‐1 MSBB008‐3 Snowden MSDD084‐19 MSBB614‐15 MSBB610‐13 MSEE031‐3 MSDD089‐2 NY179 (NYR1‐7) CO12293‐1W MSDD244‐05 MSDD376‐4 MSDD553‐01 NY168 AF6603‐5 MSFF097‐6 MSW474‐1 NY175 MSAFB635‐15 AF6526‐7 NYS37‐2 MSAFB609‐12 Bliss (NY163) Sinatra MEAN 602 573 529 528 499 498 474 461 458 444 423 417 410 407 402 386 382 375 370 367 359 359 351 343 295 280 270 266 226 218 204 141 132 377 646 602 558 572 574 529 550 525 509 495 448 463 467 430 443 418 400 419 403 391 390 435 413 392 368 353 328 403 274 226 257 258 308 432 93 95 95 92 87 94 86 88 90 90 94 90 88 95 91 92 96 90 92 94 92 83 85 88 80 79 82 66 83 96 79 55 43 86 7 5 5 4 10 5 14 9 5 9 6 10 11 2 7 7 3 10 7 6 7 17 14 12 20 21 18 34 15 4 21 45 53 13 93 95 94 85 87 93 86 88 90 90 94 90 88 90 89 92 94 90 92 94 92 81 85 88 80 79 82 66 83 96 79 55 43 86 0 0 1 7 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 3 1 0 3 5 1 0 0 1 3 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 4 1 1.075 1.091 1.091 1.078 1.091 1.093 1.085 1.083 1.098 1.097 1.083 1.091 1.077 1.083 1.081 1.088 1.078 1.088 1.074 1.089 1.085 1.092 1.091 1.087 1.088 1.083 1.080 1.094 1.083 1.088 1.081 1.077 1.089 1.086 1 SIZE Bs: < 1 7/8" As: 1 7/8" ‐ 3 1/4" OV: > 3 1/4" PO: Pickouts 7 2 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Data not replicated VINE VIGOR RATING Date: 6/23/22 Rating 1‐5 1: Slow emergence 5: Early emergence (vigorous vines, some flowering) OTF CHIP 3 SCORE 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 HH VD IBS BC 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 30 20 30 20 20 20 30 0 0 0 20 30 20 20 0 0 0 30 20 0 20 10 0 20 30 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 OUT OF THE FIELD CHIP COLOR SCORE (SNAC Scale) Ratings: 1 ‐ 5 1: Excellent 5: Poor 4 RAW TUBER QUALITY (percent of tubers out of 10) HH: Hollow Heart VD: Vascular Discoloration IBS: Internal Brown Spot BC: Brown Center 8 FIELD DATA Planting date Vine Kill Date Harvest Date Days (planting to vine kill) Days (planting to harvest) GDD40 MAWN Station GDD40 (planting to vine kill) Seed Spacing VINE MATURITY RATING Date: 8/11/22 Rating 1‐5 1: Early (vines completely dead) 5: Late (vigorous vines, some flowering) 5 COMMON SCAB RATING5 0.5 0.5 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.5 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 0.5 2.0 0.0 1.5 0.9 SED 6 SCORE VINE 7 VIGOR VINE 8 MATURITY 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 3.0 3.5 2.0 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 1.5 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 2.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 1.5 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.5 2.6 COMMON SCAB RATING 0.0: Complete absence of surface or pitted lesions 1.0: Presence of surface lesions 2.0: Pitted lesions on tubers, though coverage is low 3.0: Pitted lesions common on tubers 4.0: Pitted lesions severe on tubers 5.0: More than 50% of tuber surface area covered in pitted lesions 5/20/22 9/7/22 9/30/22 and 10/4/22 110 133 Entrican 3045 10" 141 COMMENTS flat round to oval type, light netted skin, slight alligator hide and pink eye large flat blocky tuber type, thin netted skin non uniform type, moderate rhizoctonia, heavy netted skin large blocky round type, light skin, skinning, poor shape, moderate pit rot poor appearance, deeper apical eyes, light netted skin blocky round tuber type, thin skin, deep apical eyes nice tuber size profile, medium netted skin medium round tuber type, light netted skin, nice appearance blocky flat round to oval type, less uniform shape blocky round type, light netted skin, trace skinning flat round to oval tuber type, medium netted skin flat round tuber type, medium to heavy netted skin large flat blocky tuber type large flat oval type, growth crack in pickouts, sheep nose in large tubers flat blocky round to oval type, medium netted skin flat round to oval tuber type, light netted skin round to oval tuber type, medium netted skin flat round to oval type, think skin blocky round type, thin skin, trace growth crack in pickouts blocky round tuber type, medium netted skin, deeper apical eyes flat round tuber type, medium to heavy netted skin flat round type, medium netted skin flat round to oval type, not uniform, thin skin, purple skin pigmentation blocky round type, light netted skin small round uniform type, medium to heavy netted skin uniform round tuber type, medium netted skin blocky round tuber type, thin skin smaller uniform round type, medium netted skin flat oval tuber type, thin skin flat round type, light netted skin smaller flat round to oval tuber type, thin skin small round uniform type, thin skin, moderate purple skin pigmentation flat oval to oblong tuber type, thin skin 6 SED (STEM END DEFECT) SCORE 0: No stem end defect 1: Trace stem end defect 2: Slight stem end defect 3: Moderate stem end defect 4: Severe stem end defect 5: Extreme stem end defect Results: 2022-2023 Chip Processing Box Bin Highlights MSBB058-1 This variety has been evaluated by the Potato Outreach Program since 2019. At harvest, the specific gravity was 1.097, one of the highest in the trial. The US#1 yield was 444 cwt/A, above average in 2022 (Table 5). Two pre-harvest samples were taken on August 14th and August 28th in which rising glucose and sucrose indicated potential chemical immaturity. This variety exhibited mid-season maturity, below average common scab incidence, and a higher percentage of US#1 tubers than the trial average. It had good out of the field chip quality with a 1.0 chip score and slightly less stem end defect than the trial average. Sucrose concentrations were initially high but generally decreased through February. Concentrations rose to a high of 0.462%X10 at the last sample. Glucose concentrations were more stable. After a high initial value of 0.005 in the second sample due to the elevated sucrose, the remaining samples all had concentrations between 0.001% and 0.002% through bin unloading. No undesirable color was present during storage. There were two instances of internal color, both below 10%. Total defects were initially high due to bruising, but chip quality improved over time with 9.9% total defects in the final sample. This variety maintains good chip quality through early June and continues to demonstrate long term storage potential in Michigan. It remains under evaluation in Michigan. Figure 1. MSBB058-1 chip samples at the first processing date on 10/4/22 (left) and last processing date on 6/5/23 (right). Table of Contents 142 MSDD244-05 This Michigan State University variety was first evaluated by the Potato Outreach Program in 2022. It had a slightly below average yield potential of 367 cwt/A US#1 tubers but a high proportion of A-sized tubers. The specific gravity was slightly above average and internal quality was excellent. Vine size and maturity were average for the trial. Chip quality after harvest was good, with stem end defect and chip scores consistent with the trial average (Table 5). Between the two pre-harvest samples, increasing glucose and decreasing sucrose indicated chemical maturity. MSDD244-05 was sampled monthly instead of biweekly. The sucrose concentration decreased until it reached a low of 0.260%X10 in March. The concentration then rose and reached the highest level at bin unloading in June, 1.305%X10. Glucose was stable until the final storage sample, when it rose to 0.004%. All previous samples had glucose levels between 0.001% and 0.002%. Only one sample had internal color, and no samples had undesirable color. Total defects were highest during early storage and generally decreased through February. The final sample in June had 17.3% total defects. Good agronomic characteristics and excellent chip quality though May indicate this variety may be suitable for Michigan production. It will be further evaluated in the 2023-2024 box bin with biweekly sampling. Figure 2. MSDD244-05 chip quality on last acceptable sample date, 5/1/23 (left) and last storage sample, 6/5/23 (right). Table of Contents 143 NY174 This Cornell University variety was first evaluated by the Potato Outreach Program in 2021. It had an above average US#1 yield of 573wt/A, the second highest in the trial in 2022. It also had a very high total yield of 602 cwt/A. NY174 had 95% A-sized tubers, 5% B-sized tubers, and no pickouts or oversized tubers. The specific gravity of 1.086 was above average in 2022. Internal quality was below average, with 10% hollow heart and 20% vascular discoloration observed. NY174 was slightly less susceptible to common scab than average and had a scab score of 0.5. Out of the field chip quality was consistent with the trial average. This variety has a larger vine size and later maturity, but decreasing glucose and sucrose indicated chemical maturity at harvest (Table 5). The sucrose concentration followed a U-shaped trend, decreasing through January, remaining stable through March, then increasing through the end of storage. Glucose concentrations were slightly higher during early storage but were stable until the end of storage. Concentrations rose slightly in June, ending at 0.003%. Chip quality was variable during storage. While there were no instances of undesirable color, total defects were all over 30% from October to December. Chip quality improved through May, when there were no defects present in the second to last sample. The final chip sample had 10.3% defects. Most unacceptable chips were due to stem end color in early storage and bruising in the middle of storage. While not suitable for short term storage, NY174 produces excellent chips in May and June. It will be further evaluated in Michigan. Figure 3. NY174 chip quality on the first (10/4/22, left) and last sample dates (6/5/23, right). Table of Contents 144 Snowden This variety was the commercial standard for the 2022-2023 Box Bin trial. It had an above average US#1 and total yield. With 90% A-sized tubers and ten percent B-sized tubers, the tuber size profile was consistent with the average. The specific gravity of 1.091 was higher than the trial average of 1.086 in 2022. Internal quality at harvest was marginal with 40% hollow heart and 30% vascular discoloration. Chip quality was good with a SNAC color score of 1.0 and a stem end score of 0.3, consistent with the average. In 2022 this variety had a both a vine type and vine maturity average for the trial (Table 5). In storage, sucrose concentrations followed a U-shaped trend, generally decreasing from the beginning of storage until February, then rising until bin unloading in June. The final sucrose concentration was 1.0608%X10. Glucose concentrations were stable for most of storage, and ranged between 0.001% and 0.005% until May. The final three samples were the highest in the season, ending at 0.029% in June. Snowden had good chip quality though most of storage, with one instance of undesirable color, and internal color defects at or below 13% in all samples. Total defects were highest during early storage, the second storage sample had almost 70% defects. Chip quality improved through winter, and the final chip sample had no defects. Chip defects were caused by stem end color during early storage, but the tubers reconditioned in storage and stem end defects were not present in any samples from January to June. Hollow heart was present in seven chip samples. Snowden continues to be grown and stored in Michigan and remains the standard for the Box Bin trials. Figure 6. Snowden chip quality prior to reconditioning in storage on 10/17/22 (left) and last sample date, 6/5/23 (right). Table of Contents 145 II. 2022 - 2023 Bulk Bin (500 cwt. Bin) Report (Chris Long, Trina VanAtta, Azamat Sardarbekov, and Brian Sackett) Overview and Objectives The goals of the MPIC Storage and Handling Committee for the 2022-2023 bulk bin storage season were: (1) To refine optimal storage profiles for MSW474-1 given variable locations and growing degree days, determining if storage quality merits further variety evaluation (2) To refine optimal storage profiles for Bliss, specifically to determine optimal target temperature and storage duration (3) To evaluate storage pathogen susceptibility, storage profile, and skin color of NDA050237B-1R, a red skinned variety (4) To evaluate storage pathogen development and sprouting in Dundee prior to replanting. Procedure Each bin was filled under contract with potato producers in the state of Michigan. The MPIC paid field contract price for the potatoes to be delivered to the demonstration storage. Pressure bruise samples were collected for each bulk bin and designated bulk bins were filled. The varieties and their storage management strategies were established by the MPIC Storage and Handling Committee. For each bulk bin filled, a corresponding box bin containing 10 cwt. was filled and placed into Bin 7. Bin 7 was held at 54ºF, which was warmer than the corresponding bulk bin of the same variety. This allowed the committee to see if the warmer storage temperature in the box bin would reduce storage life and provided information on how the bulk bin tubers might physiologically age. All bulk bins were treated with DMN and CIPC at different times in the storage season, depending on goals for each bin. 2022-2023 Bulk Bin assignments: 1: MSW474-1 (Walther Farms Cass City) 2: Bliss (Sandyland Farms) 3 and 4: MSW474-1 (Walther Farms Three Rivers) 5 and 6: MSW474-1 (Thorlund Brothers) 7: Box Bins Table of Contents 146 8: NDA050237B-1R (Walther Farms Cass City) 9: Dundee (Lennard Ag. Co.) We began sugar monitoring the day tubers were loaded into storage and sampled tubers on a two-week schedule thereafter. Forty tubers were removed from the sample door in each bin every two weeks and sent to Techmark, Inc. for sucrose, glucose, chip color, and defect evaluation. The sample door is located in the center back side of each storage bin and allows us to take samples three feet above the bottom of the pile. Pressure bruise evaluation began by collecting nine 20 to 25 lb. tuber samples as each bin was filled. Three samples were placed at each of three different levels within the bulk bin pile at 3, 8, and 14 feet from the storage floor. We evaluated the pressure bruise samples 3 to 5 days after the bin was unloaded. We randomly selected a set of 25 tubers from each bag and visually inspected for pressure bruising. By removing the tuber skin with a knife, we evaluated the discoloration for each flat spot. A visual rating established presence or absence of flesh color (blackening of flesh). We calculated percent weight loss in each tuber sample as it was removed from the storage. Bin 1: MSW474-1 Storage Trial (GDD40 3593, 51ºF) MSW474-1, a Michigan State University variety, has been evaluated by the Potato Outreach Program since 2015. In the past seven years it has consistently displayed an average to above average yield, good internal quality, high specific gravity, and a high proportion of A-sized tubers. The smaller tuber size profile makes it appealing to processors, while the resistance to common scab and storage rot tolerance makes it attractive for long-term storage. Notably, it is resistant to both pink rot and Fusarium dry rot, and moderately tolerant to bacterial soft rot. Unlike Snowden and Lamoka, it is moderately susceptible to Pythium leak. While there are several strong agronomic and storage characteristics, fresh chip quality is generally poor and must recondition in storage, the maturity is later than that of Snowden, and the tubers can be susceptible to cold Table of Contents 147 induced sweetening. Due to the full season maturity, late season nitrogen applications can result in chemically immature tubers at harvest which do not store well through spring. This bulk bin trial evaluated the variety as a Snowden or Lamoka replacement in storage locations. The initial pulp temperature was 49.0ºF during loading on 9/30/22. The bin temperature was maintained around 52ºF for the duration of storage. In November of 2022, the Storage and Handling Committee chose to stop evaluations of MSW474-1 in all bins due to late vine maturity and its effects on chip quality. The original target temperature was not met, as the storage and handling committee chose to hold the bin at 52ºF and ship to a processor when the tubers reached acceptable quality. The seed was planted in Cass City, MI on 5/7/22 and vine killed on 9/10/22 (126 DAP, GDD40 3593). This field was harvested on 9/30/22, 146 days after planting. At loading, the were 45.1% bruise free with an average of 1.9 bruises per tuber. Results MSW474-1 was grown at Walther Farms, Cass City Michigan. The Potato Outreach Program conducted a test dig prior to vine kill, in which ten feet of potatoes were harvested and graded. A US#1 yield of 361 cwt/A and total yield of 450 cwt/A were calculated from this test dig. Specific gravity was 1.081. There were 18.3 tubers per plant, 4.1 tubers per stem, and an average tuber weight of 4.3 ounces. There were 71% A-sized tubers, 10% Bsized tubers, 10% oversize tubers, and 9% pickouts (Table 6). One preharvest panel was done on 8/31/22, just before vine kill (Table 7). The sucrose concentration in tubers sampled shortly after bin loading was 0.624%X10, and rose though mid-November. After this sample, concentration decreased through February, ending at a low of 0.342%X10 on February 6th. Concentrations generally rose through the end of storage, with a final sucrose concentration of 0.473%X10 on April 3rd. The glucose concentrations were more variable and ranged between a high of 0.009% on December 5th and a low below the detection threshold of Techmark, Inc. equipment on January 16th. At Table of Contents 148 bin unloading, the final concentration was 0.003%. Total chip defects were initially high, as MSW474-1 must recondition during early storage. The October 31st sample had the highest defect incidence of 73.1% total defects. Chip quality improved with each sample until January 16th sample with 15.3% defects. The final sample had 11.3% defects on April 3rd (Figure 7). The Storage and Handling Committee had planned to cool the bin to 48ºF if the sucrose and glucose concentrations began to decrease. This would indicate that the tubers could tolerate a colder temperature. Unfortunately, the glucose remained variable, and this goal was not met. The bin was unloaded on April 11th with a pulp temperature of 51.0ºF (Figure 8). Chips images from three points in the storage season are included in Figure 9. The tubers were sent to Better Made Snack Foods, Inc., Detroit MI and were processed on April 12th. Pressure bruise data was not collected. Better Made chipped the MSW474-1 tubers and observed 20.44% total defects, mostly due to sugar browning and external defects. The Agtron color of 64.9 was acceptable, but the defect incidence was too high. Better Made accepts loads with defects less than 17%. The specific gravity was 1.082. Better Made provided two chip samples to the Potato Outreach Program: one sample collected prior to Opti-Sort and one after Opti-Sort. POP staff sorted the chips into acceptable, internal defects, external defects, and sugar defects. Before OptiSort, the chips were 87% acceptable, 2% sugar defects, 4% internal defects, and 7% external defects (Figure 10). After the chips were sorted, POP staff found 94% acceptable, 1% sugar defects, 2% internal defects, and 3% external defects (Figure 11). MSW474-1 may be successful in western states with longer day length and growing season due to the full-season maturity. Only one pre-harvest sample was collected in 2022 so a determination on variety maturity could not be made for this bin, but MSW474-1 was likely chemically immature at harvest. This variety is no longer under evaluation in Michigan, as the agronomic qualities were not strong enough to motivate further study on storage management. Table of Contents 149 Figure 7. Sucrose concentration, glucose concentration, and total defects in Bin 1, Walther Cass City MSW474-1 compared to the same box bin variety. Sucrose Concentration Sucrose %X10 0.800 0.600 0.400 0.200 0.000 10/3 10/17 10/31 11/14 12/5 12/19 1/3 1/16 2/6 2/20 3/6 3/20 4/3 4/17 2/20 3/6 3/20 4/3 4/17 2/20 3/6 3/20 4/3 4/17 Date Bulk Bin 1 Box Bin 7 Glucose Concentration 0.010 Glucose % 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.000 10/3 10/17 10/31 11/14 12/5 12/19 1/3 1/16 2/6 Date Bulk Bin 1 Box Bin 7 Total Defects 100 Defects % 80 60 40 20 0 10/3 10/17 10/31 11/14 12/5 12/19 1/3 1/16 2/6 Date Bulk Bin 1 Box Bin 7 Table of Contents 150 Figure 8. MSW474-1 tubers at bin unloading on 4/11/23. Figure 9. Bulk Bin 1 chips on the first sample date (10/3/22, left), sample with highest defect incidence (10/31/22, middle), and final sample date (4/3/23, right). Table of Contents 151 Figure 10. Tubers chipped by Better Made on 4/12/23 sorted at Michigan State University be defect type. These chips were collected prior to Opti-Sort. Acceptable chips are on the left, internal (top), external (middle) and sugar browning defects (bottom) are on the right. Figure 11. Tubers chipped by Better Made on 4/12/23 sorted at Michigan State University be defect type. These chips were collected after Opti-Sort. Categories are the same as those described in Figure 10. Table of Contents 152 Table 6. 2022 Montcalm Research Center Bulk Bins Bulk Planting Test Digs CWT/A US#1 TOTAL 361 450 384 457 433 502 339 418 388 426 272 363 385 456 366 439 LINE Bin 1 MSW474‐1 Walther Farms, Cass City Bin 2 NY163 Sandyland Farms Bin 3 and 4 MSW474‐1 Walther Farms, Three Rivers Bin 5 and 6 MSW474‐1 Thorlund Bros. Bin 9 MSZ242‐13 Lennard Ag. Co. Lamoka Walther Farms, Cass City Mackinaw Walther Farms, Three Rivers MEAN 1 SIZE Bs: < 3 oz As: 3 ‐ 10 oz OV: > 10 oz PO: Pickouts 2 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Data not replicated US#1 81 84 86 81 91 75 85 83 PERCENT OF TOTAL 1 Bs As OV 10 71 10 15 78 6 13 84 2 19 79 2 4 76 15 17 69 6 5 44 41 12 72 12 PO 9 1 1 0 5 8 11 5 2 SP GR 1.081 1.080 1.090 1.088 1.080 1.079 1.091 1.084 Stand Count 6 10 9 9 7 7 8 8 3 RAW TUBER QUALITY (percent of tubers out of 10) HH: Hollow Heart VD: Vascular Discoloration IBS: Internal Brown Spot BC: Brown Center 153 Stem Count 27 36 39 31 13 32 17 28 Bs 32 49 38 48 14 39 14 33 As 59 95 94 49 58 56 34 64 OV 4 4 1 1 6 2 14 5 PO 15 1 1 0 2 9 8 5 Total Tubers 110 149 134 98 80 106 70 107 Tubers per Plant 18.3 14.9 14.9 10.9 11.4 15.1 8.8 13.5 Tubers per Stem 4.1 4.1 3.4 3.2 6.2 3.3 4.1 4.1 Average Tuber Weight (oz) 4.3 3.3 3.9 3.4 5.5 3.6 6.8 4.4 HH 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 1 RAW TUBER QUALITY3 (%) VD IBS BC 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 Table 7. 2022 Chip Process Potatoes Bulk Planting Pre‐Harvest Panels Sugar Profile Specific Frito Lay Date Gravity Solids 0.010 0.387 1.102 20.70 8/31/22 MSW474‐1 Walther Farms, Bin 1 0.004 0.750 1.090 18.56 8/15/22 Bliss Sandyland Farms, Bin 2 0.000* 0.884 1.078 16.42 8/29/22 Bliss Sandyland Farms, Bin 2 0.001 0.262 1.088 18.03 9/6/22 MSW474‐1 Walther Farms, Bins 3 and 4 0.005 0.725 1.097 19.81 8/15/22 MSW474‐1 Thorlund Bros., Bins 5 and 6 MSW474‐1 Thorlund Bros., Bins 5 and 6 0.002 0.860 1.086 17.85 8/29/22 *Glucose was present in this sample, but was below the detection threshold of Techmark, Inc. LINE Glucose % Sucrose %X10 Table of Contents 154 Bin 2, Bliss Storage Trial (GDD40 2919, 48ºF) Bliss (NY163) was developed at Cornell University and has been evaluated by the Potato Outreach Program since 2016. While the yield is typically average to below average, it has a high tuber set and a smaller tuber size profile, both of which are appealing to the current needs of chip processors. Bliss is tolerant to both common scab and stem end defects and has an earlier vine maturity than Snowden. The thin skin makes it attractive to chip processors but does increase the potential for storage rot. It has good fresh chip quality and medium-term storage potential. It has been evaluated for long term storage, but pathogen susceptibility and earlier vine maturity usually causes chip quality to decline prior to June. Some chip blistering has occurred in the 2020 crop, but not in the 2021 or 2022 seasons. Regardless, using the variety for wavy or kettle chips prevents the defect from impacting processing quality. At bin loading the tubers were 51.2% bruise free with an average of 1.5 bruises per tuber. The tubers were planted at Sandyland Farms, Howard City, Michigan on 5/20/22, and were vine killed on 9/1/22, 104 days after planting. The potatoes were harvested on 10/7/22, 140 days after planting. The pulp temperature was 56ºF at bin loading. The Bliss seed was planted in a field with Manistee. Results The Potato Outreach Program conducted a ten-foot test dig of NY163 in August 2022. US#1 yield was 384 cwt/A and total yield was 457 cwt/A. There were 78% A-sized tubers and 15% B-sized tubers. The specific gravity was 1.083. The internal quality was good with no defects observed (Table 6). Pre-harvest panels were taken on August 15th and 29th. Between samples, the specific gravity decreased, sucrose increased, and glucose decreased (Table 7). This indicated potential chemical immaturity in the tubers prior to vine kill. The bin was initially cooled to 49ºF at 0.4ºF per day and was further cooled to 48ºF at 0.2ºF per day. This temperature was maintained from December to bin unloading on 4/11/23. The sucrose concentrations in Bliss followed a generally decreasing trend. Concentrations were highest at 0.748%X10 on October 7th, the first storage sample. The final sucrose Table of Contents 155 concentration was 0.391%X10 on April 3rd. The glucose concentration also generally decreased during storage, beginning at 0.005% and ending at 0.001%. The same tubers held in the box bin at 54ºF had lower sucrose and glucose concentrations but followed the same trend of decreasing over time. However, the final sample in the box bin had 0.667%X10 sucrose and 0.008% glucose, suggesting that continuing to hold Bliss at 48ºF for longer would result in increased sucrose and therefore poorer chip quality. Chip defects were initially high, almost 60% in the October 31st sample, but the last four samples had defects below 8% (Figure 12). The bin was unloaded on 4/11/23 and the potatoes were shipped to Utz Quality Foods, Hanover PA (Figure 13). On the day of bin unloading, a sample of tubers was chipped at Sackett Potatoes (Figure 14). The specific gravity was 1.079 and the Frito Lay solids were 16.47. Staff at Utz Quality Foods photographed the tubers and chips (Figures 15 and 16). They calculated a specific gravity of 1.078 and 3% total defects, both of which are excellent. A sample of chips produced at Utz was sent to Michigan State University and the chips were sorted by Potato Outreach Program staff. In this evaluation, there were 94% acceptable chips, 3% internal defects, 3% external defects, and less than one percent sugar browning defects (Figure 17). The first and last samples chipped by Techmark, Inc display the consistent chip quality (Figure 18). Bliss continues to display many beneficial agronomic and processing traits to replace Atlantic and Pike for fresh chipping and for mid-season storage in Michigan. It will be further evaluated in 2023-2024 storage. Table of Contents 156 Figure 12. Sucrose concentrations, glucose concentrations, and total defects in Bin 2, Sandyland Bliss compared to the same box bin variety Sucrose Concentration Sucrose %X10 0.800 0.600 0.400 0.200 0.000 10/7 10/17 10/31 11/14 12/5 12/19 1/3 1/16 2/6 2/20 3/6 3/20 4/3 4/7 2/20 3/6 3/20 4/3 4/7 2/20 3/6 3/20 4/3 4/7 Date Bulk Bin 2 Box Bin 7 Glucose Concentration Glucose % 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.000 10/7 10/17 10/31 11/14 12/5 12/19 1/3 1/16 2/6 Date Bulk Bin 2 Box Bin 7 Total Defects 100 Defects % 80 60 40 20 0 10/7 10/17 10/31 11/14 12/5 12/19 1/3 1/16 2/6 Date Bulk Bin 2 Box Bin 7 Table of Contents 157 Figure 13. Bliss tubers at bin unloading on 4/11/23. Figure 14. Chips produced at Sackett Potatoes on 4/11/23 from Bliss tubers in Bin 2. Table of Contents 158 Figure 15. Tubers prior to chipping at Utz Quality foods on 4/12/23. Figure 16. Chips produced from Bliss tubers at Utz Quality Foods on 4/12/23. Table of Contents 159 Figure 17. Utz chips sorted by Potato Outreach Program staff. Acceptable chips are on the left, defects are (from top to bottom) internal, external, and sugar. Figure 18. Chips at the first sample on 10/7/22 (left) and last sample on 4/3/23 (right). Table of Contents 160 Bins 3 and 4: MSW474-1 Storage Trial (GDD40 3520, 48ºF) The past agronomic and storage traits of MSW474-1 are discussed in the narrative on Bin 1. These two bulk bins were filled with potatoes grown by Walther Farms in Three Rivers, MI. The Potato Outreach Program conducted a ten-foot test dig prior to vine kill and calculated 433 cwt/A US#1 yield and 502 cwt/A total yield. The specific gravity was 1.081 and no internal defects were observed. There were 14.9 tubers per plant and 3.4 tubers per stem. The average tuber weight was 3.9 ounces. The tuber size profile was 84% A-sized tubers, 13% B-sized tubers, two percent oversize tubers, and one percent pickouts (Table 6). The potatoes in both bins were planted on May 12th and vines were killed on September 6th (117 DAP, GDD40 3520). Harvest occurred on October 7th, 148 days after planting. At harvest the pulp temperature was 51.4ºF for both bins. The tubers were already bruised at bin loading, with five percent bruise free tubers in Bin 3 and 27.5% bruise free tubers in Bin 4. There was an average of 2.8 bruises per tuber in Bin 3 and 2.7 bruises per tuber in Bin 4. One pre-harvest sample was taken on September 6th, so no determination on chemical maturity can be made (Table 7). The bins were loaded on October 7th. Bin 3 was treated with DMN and CIPC on November 4th and February 8th. Bin 4 was treated with DMN and CIPC on those two dates and on November 21st. Results Bulk Bin 3: MSW474-1 The initial target temperature for this bin was 52ºF, which was reached in early December by cooling at a rate of 0.2ºF per day. The Storage and Handling committee chose to maintain the bin at this temperature and watch for signs of reconditioning since all samples displayed elevated sucrose and poor chip quality. The tubers did not recondition, so sugar sampling ceased after the 12/19/22 sample. All glucose concentrations were elevated in Bin 3 during storage. A concentration of 0.005% or lower is preferred in storage potatoes, but all samples had concentrations above this level, most notably the 12/5/22 sample with Table of Contents 161 0.038% glucose. The sucrose was also elevated during storage with all but the first sample above 0.56%X10. The elevated sucrose and glucose, failure to recondition, and black spot bruise severity at bin loading caused very poor chip quality, even at temperatures over 50ºF. All samples had defects over 83%, and two samples had only unacceptable chips (Figures 19 and 20). The box bin of the same variety was held at 54ºF, but also had a high proportion of defects even in the warmer temperature. After the first sample, all box bin samples of Walther Farms Three Rivers MSW474-1 had defects over 82% (Figure 20). Bin 3 was unloaded on February 28th and the potatoes were sold to Campbell’s Soup. No processing data is available. At bin unloading, the average tuber weight loss was 5.47%. There were 45% of tubers without pressure bruise, 31% bruised without color, and 24% bruised with color (Table 8). As stated in the narrative for Bin 1, MSW474-1 is no longer under evaluation in Michigan. Figure 19. Images from the first chip sample on 10/7/22 and final sample on 12/19/22 from Bin 3. Table of Contents 162 Figure 20. Sucrose concentrations, glucose concentrations, and total defects in Bins 3 and 4 Walther Farms Three Rivers MSW474-1 compared to the same box bin variety. Sucrose Concentration Sucrose %X10 1.000 0.800 0.600 0.400 0.200 0.000 10/7 10/17 10/31 11/14 12/5 12/19 12/5 12/19 12/5 12/19 Date Bulk Bin 3 Bulk Bin 4 Box Bin 7 Glucose Concentration Glucose % 0.040 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.000 10/7 10/17 10/31 11/14 Date Bulk Bin 3 Bulk Bin 4 Box Bin 7 Total Defects 100 Defects % 80 60 40 20 0 10/7 10/17 10/31 11/14 Date Bulk Bin 3 Bulk Bin 4 Box Bin 7 Table of Contents 163 Bulk Bin 4, MSW474-1 The Storage and Handling Committee initially planned to use the potatoes in Bin 3 and Bin 4 to study the effect of cooling rate or final target temperature and the effects on chip quality. The potatoes were grown in the same field, so chip quality differences between the two bins would be a result of storage management practices. Unfortunately, this was not possible due to early chip quality assessments, so Bin 4 was treated almost identically to Bin 3 due to the artificially shortened storage season. As in Bin 3, glucose concentrations rose in Bin 4 in the initial samples, and only decreased slightly in the last sample on 12/19/22. The final concentration of 0.018% was still over three times higher than the standard maximum desirable level of 0.005%. The sucrose concentrations remained elevated during storage and ended at a concentration almost identical to that of Bin 3. Finally, total defects were very high in Bin 4. All six samples had over 83% total defects (Figures 20 and 21). Bin 4 was also unloaded on February 28th and sold to Campbell’s Soup. The tubers had an average 5.63% weight loss in storage. Forty three percent of the tubers had no pressure bruise at bin unloading, 41% were bruised with color, and 16% were bruised without color (Table 8). MSW474-1 will no longer be evaluated in Michigan. Figure 21. Images from the first chip sample on 10/7/22 and final sample on 12/19/22 from Bin 4. Table of Contents 164 Table 8. 2022-2023 PRESSURE BRUISE DATA Bulk Bin #3 and #4 MSW474-1 (Three Rivers, MI) Location1 Average Weight Loss (%) Average Number of External Pressure Bruises Per Tuber2 0 1 2 3+ 11 14 8 9 9 10 3 2 4 2 0 3 14' Bin 3 8' Bin 3 3' Bin 3 OVERALL AVERAGES 14’ Bin 4 5.00 5.14 15 7 3 8’ Bin 4 4.76 12 8 3’ Bin 4 OVERALL AVERAGES 7.01 6 10 5.14 6.26 5.47 Without Bruise 44 57 33 Average % of Total Tuber Number Bruised Bruised with (No Color) Color3 35 21 21 21 37 29 45 31 24 1 59 33 8 4 2 47 39 15 7 2 24 52 24 43 41 16 5.63 Feet above the bin floor. A Sample of 25 tubers randomly selected. Each tuber was first evaluated for the number of visual pressure bruises 0, 1, 2, 3+. 3 A cut slice was removed just below the skin of each bruised area. If any flesh was darkened, it was scored as a tuber "with color". Loaded 10/27/22(both) Pulp Temp. (at Filling) 51.4ºF (both) 47.8ºF (3) Unloaded 2/28/23 (both) Target Storage Temp. 52.0ºF (both) End Temp. 48.0ºF (4) 1 2 Table of Contents 165 Bins 5 and 6: MSW474-1 (GDD40 3312, 53ºF) The evaluation history, agronomic and storage data of MSW474-1 have been discussed previously in this report. Bulk Bins 5 and 6 were filled with Potatoes from Thorlund Brothers Farm, Greenville, MI. This field was planted on May 15th and vine kill occurred on September 10th (118 DAP, 3312 GDD40). A ten-foot test dig prior to vine kill calculated a US#1 yield of 339 cwt/A and a total yield of 418 cwt/A. The specific gravity was 1.088, and ten percent vascular discoloration was observed. There were 10.9 tubers per plant, 3.2 tubers per stem, and the average tuber weight was 3.4 ounces (Table 6). The potatoes were harvested on October 21st, 159 days after planting. At bin loading the pulp temperature was 46.0ºF in Bin 5 and 47.0ºF in Bin 6. Tubers were 2.5% and 2.6% bruise free, respectively. Two pre-harvest samples were taken for this variety on August 15th and August 29th. The decreasing specific gravity and increasing sucrose indicated potential chemical immaturity (Table 7). Both bins were gassed with DMN and CIPC on November 21st and February 8th. Different target temperatures or rates of cooling between the bins were not realized due to high sucrose and glucose without evidence of early recondition. The Storage and Handling Committee shifted its priorities to keeping the bins warm and maintaining chip quality to sell and ship the potatoes in the spring. Both bins were held near 53ºF in service of this goal. The main goal of the multiple bins of MSW474-1 from three locations was to determine if a region, number of growing degree days, or a fertility management strategy is best suited for long term storage of this variety. In bin pairs 3 and 4 and 5 and 6, there were plans to study the rate of cooling and target temperature difference and this effect on chip quality and storability. Table of Contents 166 Results Bulk Bin 5: MSW474-1 The temperature in Bulk Bin 5 was maintained near 53ºF for the duration of storage. The sucrose concentration followed a U-shaped trend, generally decreasing from a high of 0.918%X10 on 10/31/22 to the lowest point in the season on 0.258%X10 on 3/6/23. After this sample, concentrations increased though the end of storage on May 1st when the final concentration was 0.484%X10. The glucose concentration was initially elevated and was 0.016% in the first storage sample. Concentrations then followed a decreasing trend until the penultimate sample on 4/17/23. Concentrations rose slightly on the last sample taken May 1st to 0.484% (Figure 22). Decreasing chip defects early in storage show that MSW474-1 can move sucrose and glucose, improving chip color and reducing chip defects. While defects decreased from bin loading until the 1/16/23 sample, further bin cooling below 53ºF would have exacerbated chip defects and was not attempted. The most desirable chip sample with the fewest defects was the 4/3/23 sample with only 5.4% total defects (Figure 23). Defect incidence rose after this sample and ended at 31.5% (Figure 22). Bin 5 was last sampled on May 1st and unloaded shortly after along with Bin 6. Both bins were sent to Better Made Snack Foods Inc., Detroit MI for processing. The potatoes were chipped on May 8th (Figure 24). Better Made found the chipped tubers to have 33.98% total defects, well over their 17% threshold for accepting a load of potatoes. They identified 1.11% greening defects, 14.76% internal defects, and 18.11% external defects. The average tuber weight loss was 6.97% at bin unloading. 76% of tubers were pressure bruise free, 16% were bruised with no color, and eight percent were bruised with color (Table 9). Table of Contents 167 Figure 22. Sucrose concentrations, glucose concentrations, and total defects in Bins 5 and 6 Thorlund MSW474-1 compared to the same box bin variety. Sucrose Concentration Sucrose %X10 1.200 1.000 0.800 0.600 0.400 0.200 0.000 10/31 11/14 12/5 12/19 1/3 1/16 2/6 2/20 3/6 3/20 4/3 4/17 5/1 5/16 6/5 Date Bulk Bin 5 Bulk Bin 6 Box Bin 7 Glucose Concentration Glucose % 0.020 0.015 0.010 0.005 0.000 10/31 11/14 12/5 12/19 1/3 1/16 2/6 2/20 3/6 3/20 4/3 4/17 5/1 5/16 6/5 Date Bulk Bin 5 Bulk Bin 6 Box Bin 7 Total Defects 100 Defects % 80 60 40 20 0 10/21 10/31 11/14 12/5 12/19 1/3 1/16 2/6 2/20 3/6 3/20 4/3 4/17 5/1 5/16 6/5 Date Bulk Bin 5 Bulk Bin 6 Box Bin 7 Table of Contents 168 Figure 23. Bulk bin 5 first chip sample on 10/21/22 (left), and best quality chip sample on 4/3/23 (right). Figure 24. Potatoes chipped at Better Made Snack Foods from Bin 5 on 5/8/23. Table of Contents 169 Bulk Bin 6: MSW474-1 This bin performed like Bin 5 in terms of total chip defects and glucose concentrations. The sucrose concentrations also followed a U-shaped trend, decreasing from 0.933%X10 on 10/31/22 to 0.350%X10 on 2/6/23, the lowest value during storage. After this time, the concentrations rose, exceeding those of Bin 5 and ending at 1.013%X10. This is almost twice the final sucrose concentration of Bin 5, which ended at 0.525%X10 on 5/1/23. As in Bin 5, the total defects were highest at the beginning of storage and the 11/14/22 sample had no acceptable chips. Chip quality improved over time, especially the 4/3/23 sample which had no chip defects (Figure 25). At the final sample on 5/1/23 there were 13.7% chip defects. The final glucose concentration was 0.005% (Figure 22). Bin 6 was unloaded with Bin 5 and was also sent to Better Made Snack Foods, Inc. The chipped potatoes had 32.75% total defects, well above the 17% threshold at Better Made (Figure 26). Of the defects, 2.39% were browning, 1.94% greening, 4.84% internal, and 23.58% external. Average weight loss in Bin 6 was 9.66%. 42% of tubers were bruise free, 56% were bruised with no color, and two percent were bruised with color (Table 9). Based on chip quality in Bin 6 as well as other bins of MSW474-1, this variety is no longer under evaluation in Michigan. Figure 25. Bulk Bin 6 first chip sample on 10/31/22 (left), and best quality chip sample on 4/3/23 (right). Table of Contents 170 Figure 26. Chips processed from Bin 6 at Better Made Snack Foods on 5/8/23. Table 9. 2021-2022 PRESSURE BRUISE DATA Bulk Bin #5 and #6 MSW474-1 (Greenville, MI) Location1 Average Weight Loss (%) 8.60 Average Number of External Pressure Bruises Per Tuber2 0 1 2 3+ 21 20 16 3 4 7 0 1 2 0 0 0 14' Bin 5 8' Bin 5 3' Bin 5 OVERALL AVERAGES 14’ Bin 6 10.39 19 5 1 8’ Bin 6 9.90 9 12 3’ Bin 6 OVERALL AVERAGES 8.69 8 10 5.64 6.65 6.97 Without Bruise 85 80 63 Average % of Total Tuber Number Bruised Bruised with (No Color) Color3 12 3 16 4 19 19 76 16 8 0 77 15 8 3 1 35 52 13 5 2 32 39 29 42 56 2 9.66 Feet above the bin floor. A Sample of 25 tubers randomly selected. Each tuber was first evaluated for the number of visual pressure bruises 0, 1, 2, 3+. 3 Acut slice was removed just below the skin of each bruised area. If any flesh was darkened, it was scored as a tuber "with color". 46.0ºF (5) Loaded 10/21/22(both) Pulp Temp. (at Filling) 47.0ºF (6) 53.0ºF 52.8ºF (5) Unloaded 5/1/23 (both) Target Storage Temp. End Temp. (both) 53.0ºF (6) 1 2 Table of Contents 171 Bin 8: Becca Rose Storage Pathology Trial Dr. Jaime Willbur used Bin 8 to study storage pathology susceptibility of Becca Rose (NDA050237B-1R), a red skinned white flesh potato from a cross made at North Dakota State University. The Potato Outreach Program evaluated this variety in tablestock trials for two years prior to the storage pathology study. It has an above average yield potential, good internal quality, a uniform round tuber type, and consistent bright red skin. It is tolerant to common and powdery scab and late blight. However, the variety has late tuber bulking and a later vine maturity. The Willbur lab used the bin to address the questions below: 1. Which storage pathogens is this variety susceptible to? 2. For how long and at what temperature can this variety be stored? 3. How susceptible to silver scurf is this variety? 4. How well does this variety set skin and maintain skin color? 5. Do treatments with DMN or Stadium fungicide influence the outcomes to questions one through four? 6. Can DMN and temperature alone be used to prevent the tubers from sprouting? For further information on the pathology results from this study, please see the research report from the Willbur lab. This report deals with storage and chip quality. Results Bulk Bin 8 was loaded on October 10th and was cooled to 42ºF at 0.6ºF per day (Figure 27). DMN was applied on October 12th at a rate of 20 ppm. In February, staff at Walther Farms evaluated a sample of tubers collected from the bulk bin. They concluded that due to skinning from harvest, the tubers were not suitable for fresh pack. While the internal quality was good, there was concern that the size profile was too small with too many tubers smaller than 8 ounces. Larger tubers are preferred for processing. While the tubers Table of Contents 172 were in good physiological condition after storage, the red skin color and tuber skinning made them less desirable than other commercially available red skin tubers stored in western states (Figure 28). The tubers on the left side of the image, an unknown red skin variety, scored more favorably in the four qualitative scales used to evaluate and compare red skin potatoes. The North Dakota tubers are waxier, with a shinier finish, and have less visual silver scurf than Becca Rose. The color is also a darker red and a more uniform color within and across tubers. The bin was unloaded on June 5th, 2023. At bin unloading, there was an average of 6.03% tuber weight loss. Of the potatoes evaluated, 22% were without bruising, 74% were bruised with no color, and 4% were bruised with color (Table 10). Figure 27. Becca Rose tubers in Bin 8 on 10/10/22. Table of Contents 173 Figure 28. Becca Rose tubers (right) compared to a North Dakota red skinned variety (left). Table 10. 2022-2023 PRESSURE BRUISE DATA Bulk Bin #8 NDA050237B-1R (Howard City, MI) Location1 14' Bin 1 8' Bin 1 3' Bin 1 OVERALL AVERAGES Average Weight Loss (%) 4.12 5.41 8.55 Average Number of External Pressure Bruises Per Tuber2 0 1 2 3+ 13 3 1 10 11 6 2 9 8 0 4 10 6.03 Without Bruise 51 11 4 22 Average % of Total Tuber Number Bruised Bruised with (No Color) Color3 48 1 85 4 89 7 74 4 Feet above the bin floor. A Sample of 25 tubers randomly selected. Each tuber was first evaluated for the number of visual pressure bruises 0, 1, 2, 3+. 3 A cut slice was removed just below the skin of each bruised area. If any flesh was darkened, it was scored as a tuber "with color". Loaded 10/10/22 Pulp Temp. (at Filling) 53.4ºF 1 2 Unloaded 6/5/23 Target Storage Temp. N/A End Temp. N/A Table of Contents 174 Bin 9: Dundee Storage Pathology Trial (GDD40 3661, 38ºF) Dundee (MSZ242-13) has been evaluated by the Potato Outreach Program since 2016. It has potential as a Snowden and Lamoka replacement in storage locations with several promising agronomic and storage characteristics. It has average to above average specific gravity across trial locations, an above average percent of US#1 tubers, good internal quality, and is tolerant to common scab. In storage, it is tolerant to cold induced sweetening, and has good chip quality both out of the field and into the spring after storage. However, managing the tuber size profile has been challenging. When planted at 10” in row spacing it has a below average yield potential with fewer mid-sized tubers and a below average tuber set with fewer, larger tubers. Planting seed pieces closer together may reduce oversized tubers and increase yield but does increase seed costs. Dundee is tolerant to Fusarium Dry Rot, but susceptible to pink rot and moderately susceptible to Pythium leak and bacterial soft rot. The Potato Outreach Program conducted a ten-foot test dig of Dundee and calculated a US#1 yield of 388cwt/A and total yield of 426 cwt/A. There were 76% A-sized tubers, 15% oversized, 4% undersize, and 5% pickouts. The specific gravity was 1.080 and no internal defects were observed. Dundee had 11.4 tubers per plant, 6.2 tubers per stem, and an average tuber weight of 5.5 ounces (Table 6). No pre-harvest panels were collected. Bulk Bin 9 was loaded on October 6th with a pulp temperature of 57ºF. The tubers were in good condition at bin loading with 67.6% bruise free tubers and an average of 1.3 bruises per tuber. The bin was gassed with 20 ppm DMN on 10/7/22. Only five sugar panels samples were conducted for this variety when the purpose of the bin was changed. Sucrose, glucose, and defect prevalence graphs are included for the abbreviated season (Figure 29). The Storage and Handling Committee agreed that there was little benefit to the Michigan potato industry in continuing to test the storage traits of this variety, and instead used the bin to answer the following questions: Table of Contents 175 1. Will DMN control tuber maturation and sprout development effectively so that this lot of potatoes could be replanted as seed in 2023? 2. Will DMN application reduce or prevent pathogen degradation in these potatoes by storage rot pathogens? 3. Will DMN application increase skin set of this variety? 4. Will the application of DMN to Dundee tubers increase stem number and tuber set in the potatoes upon replanting? To maintain quality as seed potatoes, the bin was cooled from 53ºF to 38ºF at 0.4ºF per day. After storage, the Dundee seed was replanted at Lennard Ag. Co. Tuber pathogen development and sprout presence was monitored every two weeks by the Potato Pathology program. Table of Contents 176 Figure 29. Sucrose concentrations, glucose concentrations, and total defects in Bin 9 Lennard Ag. Co. Dundee compared to the same box bin variety. Sucrose Concentration Sucrose %X10 2.500 2.000 1.500 1.000 0.500 0.000 10/17 10/31 11/14 12/5 12/19 12/5 12/19 12/5 12/19 Date Bulk Bin 9 Box Bin 7 Glucose Concentration Glucose % 0.020 0.015 0.010 0.005 0.000 10/17 10/31 11/14 Date Bulk Bin 9 Box Bin 7 Total Defects 100 Defects % 80 60 40 20 0 10/17 10/31 11/14 Date Bulk Bin 9 Box Bin 7 Table of Contents 177