BGIIN COROS BESET NOS OPO OS BEET YOO VE FETE oe CAEN OYE STIR EN WK AEE QOS 2 IE NCSA CONFI CSTs Yeo AC >) ON Oe (eh cis a NG SOS SEARS Sh (AO) LE Ce ese eR BOURNE I I TA OSE oe cra Pe PR) oe) Fy a Sh BEA Dg INK SC 2 CIB Dap CEN QS sip en 9 ay Zao DO PNR sf a7, Bik eo GG A 5 & NSS ES (a WEE WS SG GA MM Ae PD INE CoE SIR © W/m SECC OMA ONE A (AMEN, 2 ROO a) EE) EZ SOONG: , ZN Fy mC men = WY cm SON N Cu 50) oS) Sy j cay} 1 fF) eS 4 Aha SVE) SS }» WS Ni aus (ea =A Ee ON ue ee 7 ONS RSMO Se PUBLISHED WEEKLY (Gaus, TRADESMAN COMPANY, PUBLISHERS KDE PAS is 451 PER YEAR Sop RSET AE SS SFE DIOS Swe PASS : ZA GNOE Volume XVI. GRAND RAPIDS, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1898. BY OU te “THE LIGHT IS ALMOST PURE SUNLIGHT." —Prof. Eihmer, Soctety of Chemical Industry, New York. Factory, Church or Village with the most economical We will We can light your Store, Residence, and finest Artificial Light in the world. Give us a chance to demonstrate this. light it better than the electric arc can do, and it will cost you less than Oil. TO know more about Acetylene Gas and the celebrated “Kopf” Double Generator to-day. and we will send you our illustrated catalogue. Tell Write Ug us the number of lights (25 candle power) you re- quire and we will quote you price of plant. You are losing money if you are not using a “KOPF” GENERATOR. A sur- prise awaits you. AAA 4 of) V4 . “THE KOPF” . Approved by the National Board o Is THE DAY TO WRITE US. iy Fire Underwriters. If ou {{ rs f 7 oA f| \ j fi oe gee oe won y 2 \e _ e a a BAS: Pines Z You will reduce your lighting bills focty -per :centy -arsd corigrist your: “ER own plant. aS sages t tat AR FROM THE ELECTRICAL WORLD “The Acetylene Flame has a high intrinsic brilliancy and its general use will bring into contempt the Red Gas Flame and Incandescent Electric Light of low brilliancy.” iT HA FIFTEEN TIMES THE ILLUMINATING POWER OF ORDINARY GAS. FOUR TIMES THE ILLUMINATING POWER OF ELECTRICITY. 40 PER CENT. LESS THAN ORDINARY GAS. iT COST 50 PER CENT. LESS THAN ELECTRICITY. e stores and houses all around you that are using THE NEW LIGHT. PRICE, FROM $15 UP. Let us tell you about th SIZES, 5 LIGHT TO 250 LIGHT. Note.—-When in the city don’t fail to visit our Display Rooms. M B. WHEELER ELEGTRIG GOMPANY, 99 tava tres Grand Rapids, Mich. MANUFACTURERS OF AGENTS WANTED IN The “Koni” Acetylene Gas Generator. ENTS WANTED IN oy J. A. MURPHY, Genera! Manager. FLOWERS, MAY & MOLONEY, Counsel, a e@ e e a e e i e = The Grand Rapids Veterinary College a (INCORPORATED) ® : Sessi 898 begins in Octob ° ession 1898=-’99 begins in October. : : : Free Catalogue Gives Full Information. . Special Reports. Law and Collections. a = Address i. . CONKEY, D. Vv. S. 9 Dean : Represented in every city and county in the United States and Canada, . a sare. e Main Office: Room 1102 Majestic Building, Detroit, Mich. BOROCEOROCTONS BOLOEC SOROEOCHORORORORUOHOROTZCROUCHOEC HORS Personal service given all ciaims. Judgments obtained without expense to subscribers nn PPPPPDPPPPPDPPIEPPDEPPPPD PPP PPD PIES PPPPH PPI > Electric Light Plants Lamps and Supplies Telephones 2 When in need of goods $ $ for Advertising purposes, write » 2 > = purp ’ < 3 3 Grand Rapids $ HENRY M. GILLETT Q 3 MANUFACTURERS’ AGENT 3 E ° $ 92 MONROE STREET. OPPOSITE MORTON HOUSE GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. : lect ric C O e » Sa, 4 $ STATE AGENT REGENT MANUFACTURING CO., CHICAGO. Q ) , ) NT, FD RH rN a wy 3 se ) ») ‘EZ GF} are our FREIGHT ELEVATORS of all capacities, and they are easy in price. Our 800-lb. SCALE TRUCK is indispensable as a regular warehouse truck. Wealso make Engines, Boilers, Smoke- stacks, Iron and Brass Castings, Steel Culvert Pipe and General Machine Work. Repairs done in any part of the State. Reach us any hour. day or night, by long distance phone. Larsing Boiler & Engine Works DENS Z 4 a GIG EG IESeenenenene NO NGRCRORORENORENE RUIN Ul ey Lansing, Michigan. Uy CORP RD RDA ND RD RODD UDRP RODD PPE NCP PCa MUSKEGON MILLING Co., MUSKEGON, MICH. eas ema, Manvfacturers of Ae eer FLOUR, a iii . Bon biti a _— = PE STUFFS ) i r ieee Receivers and Shippers of S eeaeeaanieL in THE “OHIO” PONY CUTTER This Cutter is for hand use only, and is a strong, light-running ma- chine. It is adigied to cutting hay, straw and corn fodder, and is suit- able for parties keeping from one to four or five animals. There is only one size, and is made so it can be knocked down and packed for ship- ment, thus securing lower freight rate; has 11 inch knife, and by very simple changes makes four lengths of cut. This is only one of the OHIO family of Feed and Ensilage Cutters and eid. A good agent wanted in every locality in Michigan where we are not represented. Write ADAMS & HART VV EUV USE MVPD VU DPV VPP VU DEV DUVUDEIVEUV URS to-day for complete Catalogue and prices to dealers. Selling Agents ‘‘OHIO”’’ 1 9 Cutters and Shredders, Grand Rapids. RANA AAAI ARARAMAARARAAAARARERAAARAAAARAR BANANA JESS 3 : TOBACCO GOO0O000 00000000000 0O00000000000000O0 . Is the Biggest and Best plug of Tobacco on the market to-day. tor has it for sale. JESS TOBACCO MUSSELMAN GROCER CO. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. yyvvvvvvvvyvvvvvvvs ee eS eee eee LEADE yyevvvvvuvvvvvvvvvvvs 00000000 09000000 004 - OR | app bi hbbb db bbb hbb nt, bdrtrod GFVUGUOUVUOUVUGO TGF OU VUVE VOUT EVO UU EUV UV UV q 4 4 4 4 4 4 . < < q q q 4 4 q q q q < 4 4 q q q 4 q q q =~ VT aLoae rVvVvS hbpbhbbhb bb obtroto a i Pg 6 ee aS tex os ed ie A — oa 0 ‘ce oe eee ee e = # ig ‘et gers $2 3. swzite og here usr Jnyghiyy negded ae oP SS Spout linen anysadahbity, oes of Mills and Office: Bee a et eae cs. Siew «6 ofie D ROADQ cee | Water Street, Foot of Pifte..°: woe veers ~ eee Pes . e VGOUVVUGVVUVVVvVvVvVvVvVvVvVvVvVuVVUVUVVVVVVVVee Z = = = = = = = = = 3 = = = = = = 3 = = 3 = = = = NN Our Prices Are Not the Lowest But Our Spices Are the Best How do we know they are the best? Because we grind them ourselves from choice stock which has been carefully se- lected by our personal representative at the importing market. If you are not satisfied with your Spice line, permit us to send you a sample shipment of our best grade. If it isn’t superior in Purity, Strength and Attractiveness to any line you have ever seen, we will take it back and pay freight both ways. No house which has not entire confidence in its output would stand back of its product with sucha guaranty. NORTHROP, ROBINSON & CARRIER, Lansing, Mich. MUA AMAUMAJAA AAA AbhJ4A S64 bk Jbi 04k dA Jb4 46k Abd Jd 46k dd J64 46k dd Jd Jb dd JUASU MAMA AAA SUA JAA Jb Jbb db dbk bk Abb ddd crnrnerersnrvevernererverserervernretrtr “uh PURITY AND STRENGTH! FLEISCHMANN & GO’S COMPRESSED YEAST As placed on the market in tin foil and under our yellow label and signature is ABSOLUTELY PURE Of greater strength than any other yeast, and convenient for handling. Neatly wrapped in tin foil. Give our silverware premium list to your patrons and increase your trade. Particu- lar attention paid to shipping trade. Address, FLEISCHMANN & CO. Detroit Agency, 118 Bates St. Grand Rapids Agency, 26 Fountain St. : 'y Sth I>, bs oSGAMANY 2, SR no i eo without © Oa a our no Fecasie senate a COMPRESSED #5 YEAST se : or % % ?. %, ony Base Volume XVI. GRAND RAPIDS, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBE R 7, 1898. Number 781 TOCC SSS OOOO OSS TSO WILLIAM CONNOR now shows a full line ot Fall and Winter Clothing. Has the largest line of Kersey Overcoats and Ulsters on the road; best $5.50 Kersey all wool overcoat in market, all manufactured by KOLB & SON, ROCHESTER. N. Y. If you wish to iook over my line, write me, Box 346, Marshall, Mich., or meet me at Sweet’s Hotel, Grand Rapids, Mich, on Thursday and Friday, Sept. 15 and 16. Ex- allowed. penses No harm done if you : don’t buy. QAOQKLLALIAAAAADANAARAA AAD $ OOFSSHSEHHOOOOOOOOOOO OO? $ If You Hire Help—— > @ ¢ $ You should use our 3 Perfect Time Book $ ; ~~——and Pay Roll. $ 3 Made to hold from 27 to 60 names 3 ¢ and sell for 75 cents to $2. Ps : Send for sample leaf. : & @ é BARLOW BROS., ¢ © GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 3 4 £00 00000000 s0o0eeeeeeooesd PREFERRED BANKERS LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN. Commenced Business September 1, 1593. wo a ¢-+- BB, 740,000.00 104,000.00 insurance in force.......----+-- Net Increase during 1897 -+-+ ++ +++: Net Assets. .....-..._.-..5 - 32,735.49 Losses Adjusted and Unpaid....------ None Other Liabilities.........,-.---------- None Total Death Losses Paid to Date....-- 40,061.00 Total Guarantee Deposits Paid to Ben- ORCIAEIES. 0 ca eet ee ts 312,00 Death Losses Paid During’ 18y7 .------ 17,000.00 Death Rate for 1S97.......---+- -2-+ +2 6.31 Cost per 1,000 at age 30 during rSe7.... 5.25 FRANK E. ROBSON, PR PFRUMAN B. ¢ ES. 3OODSPEED, Sec’Y. THE MERCANTILE AGENCY Established 1S41. R. G. DUN & CO. Widdicomb Bid’g, Grand Rapids, Mich. Books arranged with trade classification of naimes. Collections made everywhere. Write for particulars. L. P. WITZLEBEN Manager. ve? 5SSSO9SOS9FSOO0OO000 008 \f ae SFODVwwuw~= 7° Prompt, Conservative, Safe. 1 W.CHAMPLIN, Pies. W. FRED McBaty, Sec. OO $9OO099OOOOO SOOOSOHGO..| ff. « $. Arete Lreot Adwites <, Qllections and ‘ mercial Ligetion iP Ye L. J. STEVENSON, ManaGer ano Notary. f. J. CLELAND, ATTOSNEY. © THE FORGOTTEN PAST Which we read about can never be forgotten by the merchant who be comes familiar with our coupon system. The past to such is always a ‘“‘nightmare.’’ The present is an era of pleasure and profit. TRADESMAN COMPANY, GRAND RAPIDS. THE DAILY PRESS. Changes Which Fifteen Years Has Wrought. Time has wrought many changes in the newspapers of Grand Rapids, and not only in the newspapers but in the ranks of the newspaper workers and in the newspaper methods. Fifteen years ago the city had five daily papers; to-day we have three. Then the composition was by hand and the presswork slow; ncw machines set the type and the presses are modern and rapid. Then one man constituted an editorial staff; now a dozen or more are employed in the ‘‘brainery,’’ and the business staff is aslarge. Telegraph was mostly grapevined fifteen years ago or received in skeleton form and elaborated in the office; now it comes over the wire and special leased wires deliver it hot on the telegraph editor's desk. The weekly expenses of a daily paper niteen years ago ranged from $400 to $600; now they run from $800 to $1,500 a week. These area few of the changes that time has brought around. Fifteen years ago the Eagle was this city’s best paper. It was founded al- most with the town and it was still un- der the management of the Hon. Aaron B. Turner, who started it and directed its editorial policy and personaily wrote many of the editorials that appeared in its columns. Strictly a family paper, respectable, dignified and reliable, the Eagle was pr sperous and Mr. Turner was happy. E. B. Fisher was city edi- tor of the paper, E. A. Stowe was news editor and Alfred Baxter was editorial writer and proof reader. Half a dozen years ago Mr. Turner sold his interest in the paper. The new management gave it a tinge of yellow journalism, and a few months later it calmly gave ap the ghost. The disappearance of the Eagle is, perhaps, the most notable change that time has brought, for with its dis.ppearance passed from the field a paper which for half a century had been making its regular visits to the homes of the people. In point of seniority the Democrat came next to the Eagle. [t was a morn- ing paper then as now and its political faith now is the same as it was then. Col. Isaac E. Messmore was at the head man above the medium height, with an iron gray moustache and a fog born voice, a man of big and frequent pro- fanity and a fervid thirst. W. M. Hatb- away was editorial writer and also jug- gled the telegraph, and W. S. Hull was the entire reportorial staff and city, sporting, society, religious and horse editor combined. He also did the mu- nicipal beat, looked after the police happenings, the county building and general skirmish. The reporter required to do all this in these modern days would not consider himself in possession of a sinecure, but what Hull did on the Democrat Hobbes did on the Times, Fisher did on the Eagle and Lewis G. Stuart did on the Leader Newspapers are not run on the one-man plan any more, and what one man did fifteen years ago half a dozen or more now look of the Democrat, and his name recallsa! after on the division-of-labor plan. Messmore subsequently sold his news- paper property to Frank W. Ball, and later Ball sold to I. M. Weston and Wes- ton delivered the property on an option to Detroit parties, who succeeded in staving off what it was on the verge of doing when Weston let go, and then it went into the bands of a receiver and the present management acquired it at toe foreclosure sale. The Times was still on earth fifteen years ago, and Nathan Church was its controlling spirit, with Joseph H. Hobbes as city editor, T. M. Carpenter as editorial writer and telegraph editor and A. B. Tozer in the business office. Brilliant, eccentric, unscrupulous, tal- ented and bandsome, Church was all there was to the Times, and when he passed from the scene the Times went down. Church is still living, or was at last accounts, in California, totally changed from the trim figure he pre- sented when here. The Evening Leader was next on the list. It was started in ’7g to fill a long- felt want in the old Greenback party. It had a precarious existence tor a time, but in 1883 was fairly on its feet with W. B. Weston as manager at both the business and editorial ends. D. R Waters was the editorial writer and L. G. Stuart was the remainder of the staff, with an occasional transient reporter put on to help in an emergency. The Leader had a ‘‘boiler plate’’ telegraph service and supplemented it with grape- vine dispatches from the Deiroit and Chicago papers and from the State ex- changes. It continued in the field until about eight years ago, when W. B. Wes- ton suld it to George G. Booth, of De- troit, and became identified with the Democrat under the management of J. M. Weston. Many have been the times W. B. Weston has rued the change; but this story 1s not for the purpose of giv- ing expression to vain regrets. It was in 1883 that the Telegram was established as a morning paper of the Republican faith. Henry M. Rose, now private secretary to Seuator Burrows, was one of its chief promoters, and Hugh Mclowell was on the editorial staff. About the same time Lloyd Brezee started the saturday Herald as a weekly soci-ty and dramatic paper, with the late Wiii Innes as his associate. The Tele- gram suffcred from financial stringency and was on the point of going to the wall, when Brezee organized a_ stock company, with Fred Berger, j. PF. An drews and others as financial backers, and acquired it. The name was changed to the Telegram-Herald and it so con- tinued until a year or so ago, when the Telegram was dropped and the paper became the Herald of to-day. When the consolidation was effected E. D. Conger was in the business office of the paper as a Clerk, and when Brezee reached the end of his financial rope, which was not until his monied friends became weary of putting up, Conger as- sumed control and it bas becn his abil- ity and hard work that have placed the paper on a basis of prosperity. a precarious existence, with the street car strike as its chief subsistence, and was then sold to George G. Booth, who consolidated it with the Leader and changed it to the evening field, as a penny paper. The paper has had a won- derful success and, when the Eagle dropped out, it had the evening field to itself, and has kept it to this day, with the hard times, perhaps, as an ally against rivalry. Although we have not so many papers as we had then, the papers that are published are better as newspapers and, in a general way, are more ably con- ducted than fifteen years ago. Two, at least, are making money and, with the balance on the right side of the ledger, they are making betterments to keep pace with the great improvements that have marked all the larger papers of the country. They are publishing more telegraph news of the State, Nation and world than the papers in Grand Rapids ever published before and the local news field is more thoroughly covered. The newspapers have made a very dis- tinct and positive progress, and the next fifteen vears will see still greater changes for the better. Hides, Pelts, Tallow and Wool. It is a sorry figure which hides cut ir the market. Prices do not weaken, as tanners desired, nor do accumulations show up. Packers obtain old prices and are sold up. The country kill is in small stock and few in number. Veal skins are scarce,but prices on all grades are as high as the leather market war- rants. Shoes are offered at old prices, which causes manufacturers to quarrel with tanners on leather. Pelts are quarreled for at better prices than the market indicates, but tLere 's not enough volume to cut any figure. Tailow is s'ow,except for prime stock Wooi feeis the depression of the go sale the New York auctions, wh were disappointing to sellers, althou as calculated by purchasers. Prices do nit change, however, and holders feel firm, as they believe our woo! markets should respond to the influence of good markets in other commodities and the scattering of so much money by war pur chases, while free wool and zoods ak, gradually being consumed. Purchases are being held in country warehouses at a cost fully equal to Eastern markets. Wo. T. HEss. —___»>0<.____- lf Only Jim Marched, Too. I hear the drum roli, rub-a-dub, dub, And the piccolo’s shrill refrain; The boys in blue with hearts so true Are marching home again. I hear the drum, but it beats for me Despair and grief’s tattoo; I'd be so glad if our only lad Our Jim—poor Jim—marched, too! I hear the tramp, the tramp, tramp, tram} Of the army marching by; Brave soldiers all, at their country’s call Thev went to fight and die. Their task is done, with heads erect ‘They pass there in review: Instead of tears I'd give them cheers Lf Jim—poor Jim—marched, too! I hear the clank, the clank, clank, clank Of the swords of captains gay: But my worn eves rest on the blood-stained crest Of xv hill far, far away. They left him there where the weep Sing dirges faint and few— They’re home—God’s light! How gr The Morning Press was started about nine years ago by Will J. Sproat. It had | If Jim—poor Jim—marched, too! GEORGE HonAR 2 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN ; Changes Which Time Has Brought in the Millinery Trade. Fifteen years ago there were not more than twenty millinery stores in Grand Rapids. ‘rhe only firms doing business in the city at this time that were in trade then are Miss R. H. Brennen, Mrs. Nellie Buckley and Mrs. Theo. Schultze. The changes that have followed in those fifteen years have been very many. The progress of the millinery trade has been as great proportionately as that of any line that might be cited. While the population of the city fifteen years ago was considerably less than now, yet the milliner at that time had good oppor- tunity to make money. Millinery busi- ness was at that time an exclusive busi- ness. Of late years it has become a most important factor with dry goods stores. To-day millinery is sold from every dry goods house on Monroe and Canal streets except two. If the old adage that competition is the life of trade holds true, Grand Rapids should be very lively in a mil- linery way. There are now forty-five millinery stores in the city. Not all that number handle millinery exclusive- ly, yet fully that number sell it. There have been few failures in the business in five years past, and the annual retail millinery sales may conservatively be estimated to reach $250,000. The trade has fully kept the pace set in other ines. Through the efforts of the Board of rade and some individuals the Royston baw Works, formerly of Adrian, *ch., were induced in 1893 to locate in this city. A stock company was formed and a new factory was built and put in operation for the manufacture of ~ ladies’, misses’ and children’s straw hats. In 1895 the plant passed into the hands of the Sherwood-Swortfiguer Co. This firm employs, when running at full ca- pacity, over 300 people, a greater por- tion of which are girls. It sells its out- put to many of the leading millinery jobbers of the country and its business * has been marked by steady improve ment. The sales this year promise to be the largest in its history. The factory capacity is about 6,000 hats daily. Grand Rapids’ wholesale millinery business, strictly speaking, began with the advent of Corl, Knott & Co. in 1890. Previous to that time some jobbing was done in the millinery line, but—only on a small scale. Since then it has as- sumed immense proportions. Corl, Knott & Co. began business at 75 Monroe street, in cramped quarters and on a limited scale. At the present time they occupy the entire seven-story building at 20 and 22 North Division street, each floor of which is used for the display of millinery goods. The house employs seven traveling - sales- men, thoroughly covers the States of Michigan, Indiana and Ohio and sells goods as far west as the Coast. The ever-increasing volume of business has called for many improvements in build- ing and equipment and each call has been met upon demand. In size and completeness it has no equals in the State. The firm was originally composed of Samuel S. Corl, Heber A. Knott and J. Ward Goulding. On January 1 last, two of the oldest employes of the house were associated with the firm and the com- pany is now composed of the organizers named and R. E. Tyroler and W. N. Corl. The present year has been a ban- ner one with the house and the outlook for fall and winter trade is reported as most encouraging An interesting evolution in the busi- ness locally might be traced in the changed location of mi:linery houses. Up to ten years ago more than one-half the entire business of the city was done on Canal street. As other lines moved up town, the milliners followed. HEBER A. KNOTT. —___> 0» —____ Of Interest to the Traveler. The most fastidious epicure could not find fault with the excellent service now furnished the patrons of the Grand Trunk Railway System ou the Dining Cars running on the through trains be- tween Chicago and Eastern points. Nothing but words of praise is heard from those who have had tbe good for- tune to sit down to a dinner or supper on one of these comfortable and hand- some cars. Mr. Lea, late of the Windsor Hotel, Montreal, is now in charge of one of the diners and the pas- sengers are assured of a most liberal table, a good service, and an excellent cuisine. 2-2 It is said that Germany is suffering from a scarcity of beef and that rates are threatening to advance to almost prohibitive prices. The effect of this has been to considerably stimulate the demand for horseflesh. This. state of affairs has been principally brought about by the prevalence of foot-and- mouth disease, and rigid closure of the frontier against the introduction of for- eign cattle. ——_—_~> 2. __ The bonds of matrimony would be more popular if they paid cash divi- dends. —_-+>9 S>__—_ When a man meets his wife down town he wonders how muck. it will cost him. 1. W. LAMB, original inventor of the Lamb Knitting Machine, President and Superintendent. The Lamb Glove & Mitten Go., of PERRY, MICH., controls a large number of the latest and best inventions of Mr. Lamb. It is making a very desirable line of KNIT HAND WEAR The trade is assured that its interests will be promoted by handling these goods. IT’S EASY TO SEI NECKWEAR—= L henamenawee when you have the newest out. See our Fall line. It is immense. We also have some extra values in MEN’S e UNDERWEAR, bought before the advance in DY Wy woolen goods. Our advice to you is to buy i) wy enough to last the season through. ~ Wy Any Nin = VOIGT, HERPOLSHEIMER & CO. ee i WHOLESALE DRY GOODS rs WD; AND FURNISHINGS Da Wy GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN. Wy TSRDAD DAD ADA DRDA DADA DAD NDAD DADA DA DAD AD ADADAD NDI: RERSSE A Line of Fleece= Backed Flannels eee CSS SS EERSSS oH hy Py Ph Twilled and Pique effects. Ki Our line of Underwear for Fall is now si pi complete. Samples ready to show. = P. STEKETEE & SONS, Jobbers R GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. eal WE wean | any deleterious acids or anything that is not produced from the apple, we will forfeit ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS We also guarantee it to be of not less than 40 grains strength. We will prosecute any person found using our packages for cider or vinegar without frst removing all traces of our brands therefrom. Robinson Cider and Vinegar Co., Benton Harbor, Mich. J. ROBINSON, Manager. This is the guarantee we give with every barrel of our vinegar. Do you know of any other manufacturer who has sufficient confidence in his output to stand back of his product with a similar guarantee? ROBINSON CIDER AND VINEGAR CO. : : 4 / ~ Price Has . a Voice QUALITY also, but a duet be- tween Quality and Price brings down the house. The SILVIR BRAND GIDER VINEGAR has no competitor. e Genesee Fruit Company, : Our brand of Vinegar to be an ABSOLUTELY-PURE APPLE- JUICE VINEGAR. To any person who will analyze it and find | Lansing, Mich. £ Every Grocer should sell It. The finest sweet cider, prepared to keep sweet. Furnished October to March, inclusive. OO 0000 000000000000 00000009 0000000S 6000000090989 O08 Dah bb bd db bd bn brn bn bn bn bn Cnbn bn br tr trdn tn rbot to troto tal Qrbn FRG VV VUE VUES GVO VV FG OG GOSS GT a oi at maillal Sessa ganar 1 Seen ee — Se MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 38 How the Traveling Man Has Changed in Fifteen Years. The young traveler, setting out ‘‘grip’’ in hand, a list cf towns before him and inexperience for his greater portion, has never found himself marching along the royal highway to success. As in many pursuits his beat has been upon ordinary soil, and it has been to the tune of late trains, irregular meals and already well-supplied customers that he has kept step. Yet I take pride in stat- ing that he usually does succeed in the end, and the question arises, How? Looking back over the last fifteen years, what has changed the young ‘*bummer,’’ with a worried expression and a shiny black plug hat and _ vailise, into the comfortable, well-dressed rep- resentative of the present Knight of the Grip? Has it been his proverbial affabilty, ‘‘gift of gab,’’ or extreme stick-to-itiveness that has sold his goods, filled his order books and made friends of his customers? 1 would say he must be abreast of the times, his goods up to date, and withal, and I was about to add above all, must possess that heaven-sent quality, tact, without which any business man is lit- tle better than a blank. Has the traveling salesman helped to change the times or has the times changed him? In a measure it has worked both ways. Hotels, eating houses and railroads have depended for their custom largely on him, and they can afford to do it, for thev have not found him a dead-beat; and they have improved under his patronage. The manufacturers have also been dependent upon him. It will not do for them to send out that which is as good this year as it was last. It must be different as well as better, must represent more for the money than ever before, and it re- mains for the traveling man to convince the public of the new worth and im- provement, and, in short, to make their goods sell, That has been his business, and that he bas done. This traveling salesman is a very opinionated person and yet you never hear of his being engaged in strikes, plots or conspiracies against the com- mercial industries of the country. With- out his diligent efforts the gigantic en- terprises that now supply the countries of the world with the various products of industry would not exist. Every kind of interest is dependent on him. The manufacturer employing thousands of men could not long continue to furnish employment if unable to sell the prod- uct of his labor. The artisan, mechanic, machinist and the laborer realize how dependent they are upon him. How patiently he labors on through summer's heat and winter's cold, doing his share of the great whole for their support. In fifteen years the character of the traveling salesman has greatly changed, as a natural process of evolution. In the days following the civil war, when matters were speculative and prices in- flated, the traveling salesman was looked upon by many asa dude, a rowdy, profli- gate; and, while I am not prepared to admit that the rank and file of the fra- ternity have ever been of this stripe, I will say that they were in previous years more frequently met with than at pres- ent. The gradual changing of the times from inflation to real values, together with increased competition, has reduced business to a science. The salesman knows as well as the employer himself exactly what his services are worth, and he knows that he will be paid according to the business he does. We have no walking delegates for unions seeking to force employers to pay one salesman the same wages as another regardless of the amount of business performed so long as the time is put in. Fifteen years has seen this transfor- mation. The travelers are as genial as ever, as full of fun, but they are mostly men of families, many of them well-to- do, standing high in the communities where they reside; also many are of high standing in_ religious organizations. The spendthrift of earlier times fifteen years has changed to the careful and economical man, while some have accumulated comfortable fortunes, so that the personnel of the rank and file of traveling salesmen will compare fa- vorably, if it does not outshine, any profession, trade or occupation, and their slips from grace are as few and far between as in any class of human beings. Many of the leading wholesale mer- chants and manufacturers of to-day were traveling salesmen a decade and a half ago, and while by education we are led to claim the earth, we do not in this ar- ticle assume the credit for all advance- ment that has been made; yet we may, with pardonable pride, attribute the re- markable advancement in commercial prosperity to no other source than the indefatigable efforts and indominable perseverance of the traveling salesman, and, as a member of the fraternity fcr twenty-six years, I congratulate you up- on your fifteen years of continued suc- cess and tender you my best wishes for the years to come. CHARLES L. STEVENS. PSF PID Vicvicicnt EGGS Sie A a aut at = Am in the market for wy any quantity of Fresh xy Eggs. Would be pleased x at any time to quote wy prices F. O. B. your oy station to merchants hav- Ly ing Eggs to offer. SY Established at Alma 1885. a aut at oO. W. ROGERS ALMA, MICH. Sle Ste Ste Ste Sie Sie Sle Sie Sle Sle Sle Sle Ske Sie Sle 4 C DOODOOGQOOGQOHDODOODOODODO DOGDOOQOOO© DOOQODODDO® HOHODOOOOGVOSDOOQOOOOO 3 =Che Weber Piano Ts Still Manufactured « Although its founder, like the originators of the other leading houses, is no longer living, the great factory which he established still goes on, and the Weber warerooms contain to-day more exqui- site examples of the pianomaker’s art than were ever before shown by this renowned concern. The elder Weber was a genius in the realm of tone production, and it has been often said that the quality that Stradivarius bestowed upon the violin Weber imparted to his pianoforte. His successors have strictly maintained the high standard of excellence established in the early days of the concern» and have perpetuated that wonderful tone quality for which the Weber piano has so long been distinguished. The artistic productions of the house this season merit especial comment. New and chaste designs in grand and upright casings in all varieties of beautiful woods are shown; also the Crown, Schubert and Gibson Pianos and Western Cottage Organs, at the new warerooms of THE GRAND RAPIDS PIANO CO. MRS. M. D. WEEDEN, Prop. Telephone 1779 = No 1. S. Division St., Grand Rapids, Mich, POOGGCKCNDE COGOEGOOGOE OOOQODQOOVY DOGQODOODQOO© HOGOHDOOODO 11H HOOQOQSO OO GPOQOQDOQOQOOO OS Prat Thine ve POODQDODOOOOHO©OOQDOOQOOO® WORLD’S BEST = 4 S.C.LW: 5C. CIGAR. ALL JOBBERS AND S.J. JOHNSON CIGAR CO. GRAND RAPIDS. MICH. ORORORCHOHORONOHOROROHOROHOHOROROHOROROROHOROROHOHOS ° e e SB = RUDGFOId Ready Kooing : . bo : a con e s Will last longer than any other roofing now on the market. @ e We have full faith in its merits. But if you want other @ 5 kinds we always have them at reasonable prices. Let us ¢ a quote you prices, if you need roofing of any sort. e e a @ s H. M. REYNOLDS & SON, 5 © Detroit Office, foot of Ist Street. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. : souenenencnenenenenenOneneneneneneneneneneneneZenere To Merchants: We have a sample book that we will furnish without charge express prepaid to any good merchant who wishes to take orders for single suits, either ready to wear or made to order. We manufacture all our own Clothing, and do not sell through agents. We sell to merchants only. We furnish them the best book in the market, and are so well known that we do not need to sail under false colors like the Empire Tailors, or Royal Black Snake Manufacturers of Clothing, or American Mon- gul Tailor, or the Black Horse Tailors, etc. We have been established twenty-five years, and our firm is well and favorably known. Can you use a book of samples to advantage? If so, send in your application and we will send you our next book which will be ready July Ist. Our spring and summer books are all placed. Get your application in early, for we will have a larger demand for our books than we can supply. Yours very truly, Work Bros. & Co., Cor. Jackson and Fifth Ave., Chicago, Ill. SESS SSE EE EE RR 4 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN _ - Around the State Movements of Merchants. Sanilac Center—Mrs. C. W. Fox has opened a millinery store. New Lothrop—C. E. Stewart has sold his stock to Judd Bros., of Chesaning. Vassar—Gage & Co. have purchased the grocery stock of Mrs. Geo. McOm- ber. Hastings——Gottlieb Bessmer_ will shortly engage in the furniture business here. Fife Lake—Dent. Blue has soid his meat market to Eric Wells and Bert Curtis. Port Huron—Frank Tuttle has pur- chased the grocery stock of J. W. French. Trout Lake—Cline Bros. -have en- gaged in the grocery, meat and produce business. _ Hanover—Murray & Heath, meat dealers, have dissolved, Fred Murray succeeding. Cheboyagn—Mrs. H. Harrison has sold her millinery stock to Miss Eliza- beth C. Waiton. Henrietta—Fuller & Coulson succeed John N. Fuller in the notion, grocery and shoe business. Bay City—D. B. Martin & Co. suc. ceed Martin & Cheever in the hardware and paint business. Belding—E. L. Carpenter has pur- chased the confectionery and fruit stand owned by C. Condos. Lake City—L. Sabie will shortly add a line of groceries to his stock of dry goods and boots and shoes. Fremont—I. Cohn, of Muskegon, has opened a branch of the Boston store of that place in the Hilton block. Dryden—Misses Randolph & Briggs have sold their millinery stock to Miss Allie Haines, of Rochester, Mich. Otsego—Olds & Stout, grocers, have dissolved, Jas. Stout retiring from the firm and W. J. Olds becoming sole pro- prietor. West Branch—F. G. Cooper & Co. will continue the grocery and feed busi- ness formerly conducted by R. H. Coop- er & Co. Big Rapids—Wm. Hangstorfer has again engaged in the meat business, having purchased the market of his brother, Jacob. Sutton’s Bay—The meat markets of Jacob Rufli and B. F. Steimel have been consolidated, the firm: name being Rufli & Steimel. Allegan—Geo. H. West, proprietor of the City drug store, has sold his stock to Wm. L. Baldwin, of Vassar, who will shortly take possession of same. Breckenridge—J. L. Waggoner, deal- er in dry goods and groceries, has sold his stock to a gentleman from Akron, Ohio, who will continue the business. Marine City—R. A. Garrison has dis- continued the Marine City Dry Goods Co. store and shipped his stock to Adrian, where he will engage in busi- ness. West Bay City—The dry goods, boot and shoe and tinware business of Sam’l M. Lampke will hereafter be conducted under the style of B. (Mrs. S. M.) Lampke. Owosso— Mrs. Elmer E. Forshee has purchased the millinery stock of Mrs. M. J. Harrington, who has been en- gaged in the business here for the past thirty years. Blisstield—H. J. Warren has sold his interest in the Michigan Hat Co. to his partner, G. R. Carpenter, and organized a new concern to be known as the Tri- State Hat Co. Detroit—W. G. Perkins & Co, grocers at 532 and 536 Greenwood avenue, have executed a chattel mortgage on their stock and fixtures for $1,265.02 to. Ward L. Andrus as trustee for their creditors. Cadillac—Leslie & Company have leased the new Turner building and will remove their North Mitchell street stock to the new location. The new stock will consist of groceries, dry goods and men’s furnishing goods. Calumet—The new three-story Kins- man block is nearing completion. The first floor will be occupied by the gen- eral stock of Harry Lean. It is under- stood that the second and third floors will be used for hotel purposes. .Coldwater—The grocery firms of Eligh & Smith and Sherwood & Co. have been consolidated under the style of Sherwood, Smith & Co. The, members composing the firm are Sol. Sherwood, Starr Corless, J. M. Smith and R. V. Eligh, Manufacturing Matters. Dexter—The Dexter Creamery Co. has begun operations under the management of Chas. D. Coffin. Nashville—Frank Mallet, of Grand Rapids, and C. W. Rossman have leased the Kellogg planing and woodworking mill plant. Corinne—A. B. McArthur has pur- chased the cedar business of S Logan at Carruther’s Spur, and will push the business on a larger scale than before. Benton Harbor—N. J. Eldred, who recently converted his greenhouse into a canning factory, has begun to put up tomatoes and peaches, in company with W. Seely. Menominee——The DeWitt Brown Cedar Co. is making preparations to ship the 2,000 pieces of piling to be used in the Government work on the Sturgeon Bay Canal, at Sturgeon Bay, Wis. Bellevue—The copartnership existing between Jas. T. Batty and Arthur Good- man, under the style of the Bellevue creamery, has been dissolved. Mr. Goodman will continue the business alone. Marion—The Alfred planing mill has again changed ownership. Last week it reverted to its original owner, Fred Alfred, who has just disposed of the proprety to Will Dickerson and John Lonsberry, of Bannister. Sault Ste. Marie—Martin Kelley and Joseph A. Meyer, of Muskegon, have purchased a shingle mill and stock of logs at this place and are about begin- ning operations. The mill will daily turn out 100,000 shingles. Logs enough to stock the mill for seven months have been purchased. They mostly are on the Canada side, and are all cedar. Until lately Mr. Kelley was Vice-President of the McGraft Lumber Co , of Muskegon. Mr. Meyer for fourteen years was fore- man of the McGraft mill. . —___~> 2. __- Six Out of Eleven. Ann Arbor, Sept. 6—The Michigan Board of Pharmacy held a meeting at Hotel Superior, Marquette, Aug. 30 and 31. Eleven candidates appeared for examination, nine for registered phar- macist and two for assistant. Four ap- plicants for registered pharmacist and two for assistant passed, as follows: Registered—A. G. Bailey, Sault Ste. Marie; F. C. Cahow, Big Rapids; J. A. Nynes, Big Rapids; A. H. -Sher- man, Sault Ste. Marie. Assistants—T. J. Furlong, Big Rapids; Fred Sauer, Calumet. All members of the Board were pres- ent at the meeting. The next meeting of the Board will be held at Lansing Nov. 1 and 2. A. C. SCHUMACHER, Sec’y. The Grocery Marx«et. Business is in excelient shape, all the local houses being rushed with orders and no fault being found with collec- tions. The only disturbing element is the fruit blockade on the railroads, which prevents goods reaching their destination as promptly as the shippers would like to have them. Retailers would do well to anticipate their wants, so far as possible, for the next three or four weeks Sugar—The market is very strong and the refiners are oversold on some grades. Jobbers report the heaviest demand of any period for a year. Advances are of almost daily occurence and a higher range of values is evidently at hand. Tea—Cables from Japan indicate that the growers there are turning down many American orders. The movement of teas this year will probably be light. Some talk is heard of the Government taking the duty off tea, as the war is now over and it is said the revenue is not needed. When the war taxes shall be reduced or recalled, doubtless tea will be one of the first itéms to be re- lieved of duty. Coffee—There is some encouragement for a firm market in coffee in the lighter receipts of Brazil coffees, but although the crop of the present year appears to be less than that of last year, it might be considerably less and still be larger than the market would need. There is no warrant against another coffee roast- ers’ war the coming crop year, and, in fact, that is a thing that is extremely possible in connection with an expected sugar war, as the greatest coffee roast ing house is now possessed of a sugar refinery and the Sugar Trust is possessed of a coffee roasting house of large di- mensions. Canned Goods—The market for toma- toes is unquestionably a shade lower than it was the week before, and if the present hot weather continues prices will likely go even lower. Opinions as to the probability of lower prices seem about evenly divided. Corn is very dull at unchanged prices, and so are peas. Peaches are in small demand. Some Eastern packers have named prices which show from 25@3oc advance over last year’s, but the announcement is not general. There is very little de- mand for peaches at present, buyers be- ing inclined to wait for lower prices. Dried Fruits—Some new apricots and nectarines are on the market. These are the only items of new West- ern fruits in the market yet. Evapo- rated apples are on sale, but the market is too high, and there is too much of other fruit at hand to permit’of a large movement of this fruit. Reports from the coast still place the coming crop of California prunes at about 60,000,000 to 75,000,000 pounds, as against I00,- 000,000 pounds last year. The sizes will run to medium and small. The crop of Oregon and Washington prunes will be good, but these have not yet gained the popular place that has been gained by the California fruit. The raisin situa- tion seems to be about as last reported. The association of growers is not yet complete, but near enough that the promoters seem confident of success this season. Their great concern will be to take care of the second crop o€ raisins, a factor of weakness every year in the market. The largest raisin seeding plant on the coast was recently destroyed by fire, together with about seventy car- loads of raisins, but this has had no effect on the market, except that it will be difficult to get seeded raisins for the It takes considerable time to get such a first part of the new crop season. plant into operation. The crop of Smyrna figs for the coming year is re- ported to be about half that of last sea- son. Cheese—State makers have reduced their quotations %@ic, in order to equalize the difference between their quotations and those of New York fac- torymen. Fish—The New England mackerel catch is no less a failure than it has been all along and there is no spot stock to speak of. Higher prices are not un- likely, although available stocks are so light that the market may be maintained on the present basis. New Irish mack- erel will come forward about the mid- dle of September, but the prospects from that quarter are not encouraging. Syrups and Molasses—Notwithstand- ing the very hot weather of the past week, there has been a fair trade in syrups and molasses, much better, in- deed, than could be expected. . Mixed syrup is selling along in a quiet way at unchanged prices, no fluctuation being likely as long as straight sugar syrup continues so high. Molasses is selling along fairly well at unchanged prices. Provisions—The lard market is un- changed and the demand is increasing: Prices are pretty firm, although local jobbers bave not advanced their quota- tions as yet. The opening of the oyster season will increase the consumption of lard very much. Baskets—There is a genuine famine in the basket market, due to the unex- pectedly large demand growing out of the enormous fruit crop, bushels having advanced from 75@8oc to $1@1.1I0. Jobbers are unable to fill one-quarter of their orders, although all manufacturers who have stock are running overtime and, in some cases, double time. —_— oO Personnel of the Tradesman’s Force. For the sake of having a record of all who are actively connected with the paper on this anniversary, a census of the office has been taken, with the fol- lowing results: . Editor and Manager—E. A. Stowe. Proof Reader—H E. Stowe. Stenographer—Franc Smith. Book-keeper—Lizzie E. Rowley. Advertising Department—E. W. Lang- ley, Lake H. Smith. Engraving Department—W. N. Ful- ler, superintendent; Cora J. Cady, Emil Wetzel, Geo. M. Hurst, Philip Peter- sen, Edna S. Wood, Wm. Eardley. Composing Room—Adrian Nagelkirk, superintendent; Roy Randall, Josie Mosher, Henry Jones, Paul Noacre, Ed- ward A. Bouma, Martin Tietema, John Nicholson, Charlie Rouse. Press Room—Henry Patterson, super- intendent; John DeBoer, Arthur Kib- ben, John Coade, John Zuiderhoek, Case Mervin. Bindery— M. Kibben, superintendent ; Dee Mills, Lillie Feltzer, Minnie Burg, Ray Plank. —_~>_ > —__ Bismarck was one day in a company where among other things the subject of how much it cost to gain experience in life cropped up. He kept silent fora time, but presently joined in the con- versation and said: ‘‘Fools_ pretend that you can only gain experience at your own expense, but I have always managed to learn at the expense of others. ’’ Hoes Ba Se take the G. T. R. when you S. S.—scenery, safety and Always can. S. speed. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 5 Grand Rapids Gossip Death of a Veteran Canal Grocer. Alois Rasch, the Canal street grocer, died Monday as the result of an opera- tion for cancer of the scomach. The funeral will be held at the family resi- dence on Scribner street Thursday after- noon at 2 o'clock Mr. Rasch was born in 1840 in the Province of Silesia, in the then King- dom of Prussia, but which has since be- come a part of the great German Em- pire. During the fourteen years follow- ing his birth he lived the life of the av- erage German boy, getting what school- ing the limited facilities of the day and place afforded. In 1854 he came to this country, and for seven years resided in Macomb county, in this State. On the breaking out of the war, he enlisted in the 2nd Michigan Cavalry, and was with that famous regiment in all the im- portant battles in which it was engaged. It was while colonel of the ‘‘ Fighting Second’’ that General Sheridan earned much of the reputation that made him famous and afterwards gave him the rank of Major-General. Mr. Rasch served from 1861 to 1865 with this regi- ment, receiving two promotions, and was mustered out at the close of the war. He then came to Grand Rapids, and, after a rest of several montis, en- gaged as clerk with his brother, J. F. Rasch, who was then in the grocery business. Six years later, in 1872, he was taken in as a partner and for eight years the business was conducted by Rasch Brothers. The death of J. F. Rasch, ,in February, 1880, dissolved the partnership, and from that time until the present the business has been owned and controlled by A. Rasch. : Mr. Rasch’s first visit to Grand Rap- ids was made in 1861, when he came as a recruit to the 2nd Cavalry, which was organized here. That visit, brief as it was, determined his choice of this citv as a place of residence when the close of the war ieft him at liberty to settle down. It is needless to say that he never had occasion to regret his choice. Grand Rapids was to him, what it is to thousands of others, the best city in the best State in the Union Mr. Rasch was essentially a plodder, his success being due wholly to untir- ing industry and systematic economy. He was an American citizen in every sense of the word, believing in America first, last and all the time. Five years of his young manhood was devoted to battling for her existence as a nation, and, although the lapse of years some- what subdued his ardor, he was ever ready to protect her rights and preserve her autonomy. Mr. Rasch was married in 1870 and had a family of seven children, five boys and two girls. He was an honored mem- ber of the German Workingmen’s Aid Association and the Retail Grocers’ As- sociation, and enjoyed the respect and confidence of all who had his ac- quaintance. —_—__>2.___ The Produce Market. Apples—Pippins, Culverts, Wines and Maiden Blushes fetch $1.50@1!.75 per bbl., while cooking varieties command $1@1.25. Beets—25c per bu. Butter—Dairy is very scarce, strictly fancy easily commanding 17c, while fair stock readily fetches 15c. Separator Street creamery is strongly held at 19@2oc. Cabbage—$#4 per too heads for home grown. Carrots—25c per bu. Cauliflower—$1.25 per doz and very scarce on account of the drought. Celery——White Plume, 12%c per bunch. Cocoanuts—4@5c. Corn—Green, toc per doz. ears. Cucumbers—soc per bu. Eggs—Dealers pay toc for case count and ric for fresh, holding candled and fresh at 12c. The receipts of fresh eggs are not equal to the consumptive de mand of the market. Grapes —Wordens are now the leading variety, commanding 8@toc for 5 lb. baskets and ro@t2c for 8 lb. baskets and 60@75c per bu. The crop is large in size and fine in quality and is being marketed in excellent condition. Green Onions—toc per doz. Honey—Fine new comb commands 12 @13¢c. Lemons —The market has eased up a trifle in the East and a corresponding reduction has taken place here on fancy. Demand is active. Muskmelons—Musk, Cantaloups and Osage are in ample supply and demand at 50@75c per bu. Onions—Home grown command 4oc per bu. for yellow or red. Oranges— Values show nochange. The movement is steady. Peaches—Receipts have been ahead of anything ever before experienced at this or any other market, the hot weather of last week having ripened the fruit so fast that growers and dealers found it next to impossible to market the fruit as fast as the condition of the fruit de- manded. Early Crawfords command 75c@$1; Wagars and Barnards, 50@7cc and Chilis, 40@8oc. The cooler weather this week will tend to delay the ripening process and prolong the season very ma- terially. Pears— Barletts are in ample supply at 75c@$1. Duchess and Keefers fetch 40@6oc. Plums—Green Gages, Blue Damsons and German Prime command 75c. Other varieties fetch 40@5oc. Pop Corn—Soc per bu. Potatoes—Home grown stock ample supply at 40@45c. Sweet Potatoes—Genuine Jerseys com- mand $3.75 per bbl. Tomatoes—Home grown command 4oc, with offerings fully equal to the de- mand. Watermelons—i5c for Indiana Sweet- hearts. is in ooo Jas. A. Morrison, formerly with the Olney & Judson Grocer Co., but now a director and officer in the Shields-Mor- ley Grocer Co., at Colorado Springs, Colo., is expected to reach Grand Rap- ids this week on his annual visit to his former friends and associates. ee Arthur Manley has sold his grocery stock at the corner of Hall and South Lafayette streets to Fred H. Hosford, who will continue the business at the same location. > 2. -- Frank S. Armstrong and Allen B. Leet have retired from the Armstrong- Wolcott Regalia Co., which will be managed solely by John A. Wolcott hereafter, 8 Wellington Lawton has sold his gro- cery stock at 95 Broadway to Mrs. Mary A. Willard, who will! continue the busi- ness at the same location. a Wm. Logie is spending a couple of weeks in and around Boston, making selections of spring goods for Rindge- Kalmbach-Logie & Co. A. Davis has engaged in the grocery business at East Jordan. The Mussei- man Grocer Co. furnished the stock. >. Geo. Towers has purchased the gro- cery. stock of Edward C. Judd at 73 Fourth street. —~> 0 Gillies New York Teas at old prices while they hold out. Phone Visner, 800. The Morning Market. The market business during the lat- ter part of last week came nearly up to the unprecedented rush of Tuesday morning, although it was not quite equaled. The fear that the heavy offer- ings would lead to a demoralization of prices has, so far, proved groundless. That there should be some decline was to be expected, but the figures have been kept up to what will give reason- ably profitable returns to the grower and make it worth while for the attention of the buyers and shippers. The excellent shipping service given by the railroads, opening up new and more distant mar- kets, is the great factor in preventing the demoralizing congestion of former vears. There is no reason why the con- tinuance of this development may not be expected to meet any increase in fruit production, for the territory to be supplied from this market is practically unlimited. The shipments from lake ports to Chicago and other lake cities supply only a local demand and leave the great extent of the country, which can only be reached by fast rail service, tributary to this market. The other lo- calities which can attempt competition in peach production are far away or their product is consumed by large cities in their vicinity, so that there is no question but that the development of all of Michigan's peach capacity may find a market as long as the supply is furnished with reasonable regularity. The other fruits are subject to much wider competition, so that it is not strange that prices should be unreliable. The most favored in this regard are Michigan apples, whose prestige is based on beth quality and abundance. These have much more general compe- tition than peaches, but prices have been well maintained for good shipping qualities. Pears and plums, while pos- sessing a prestige on account of quality, are not as independent as the others. Grape offerings are becoming abun- dant and the most careful growers and shippers have no trouble in realizing good prices. Some of the largest grow- ers express themselves very confident as to demand and returns for strictly fancy preduct, not only for the early offerings but for the season. —__~> 2. ____ Flour and Feed. At the very opening of what promises now to be an active fall trade in all lines, it may be well to consider the conditions which are likely to havea potent influence in affecting values of flour and feed stuffs. To begin with, visible stocks of wheat and flour are abnormally low. Old wheat stocks are practically exhausted and market conditions have been such during the past four months that buyers have been more anxious to close out old flour stocks than to buy new. Asa Con- sequence, therefore, when the trade be- gins to have confidence that prices have reached bottom, there will be active trading all along the line to replenish stocks for fall and winter trade. We have, no doubt, harvested a large crop of wheat, but it has already gone rapid- ly into consumption, and particularly at interior points where the mills were bare of old wheat. Since the price de- clined below 7oc, farmers have been very slow sellers and will not sell at prevailing prices unless obliged to. On the other hand, storage elevators at country points and central storage points are practically bare of wheat and will very soon be strong bidders for large quantities for storage purposes. The price of wheat is already so low as to leave the farmers no margin of profit in the winter wheat belt and many claim it is below the cost of production. The indications, therefore, seem to point to the present range of values as being too low to prevail for any great length of time. Moderate purchases made now for fall and winter trade would, no doubt, prove to be a safe and profitable investment. Feed and mill stuffs are in good de- mand and at much better prices than were Current one year ago. The corn and oat crops of the country have been very disappointing in many sections, and for the most part on ac- count of prolonged drouths and, without doubt, we may confidently expect a strong and high range of values during the fall and winter on feed, neal and mill stuffs. Wm. N. Rowe. Ce a Grand Rapids Retail Grocers’ Asso- ciation. The regular meeting of the Grand Rapids Retail Grocers’ Association was held at the Tradesman office Tuesday evening, >ept. 6, President Dyk pre siding. On account of the death of A. Rasch, who had been a member of the Associa- tion since its organization, it was de- cided to postpone the regular order of business, including the election of offi- cers, until the next meeting. J. Geo Lehman presented the follow- ing resolutions, expressing the sense of the Association over the loss sustained by the death, which were unanimously adopted : Whereas—The hand of death has re- moved from our midst our honored _fel- low-member, Mr. Alois Rasch; and Whereas—The duty which attaches to occasions like the present, of paying a proper tribute of respect to the memory of a deceased friend, is rendered espe- cially appropriate now by the fact that Mr. Rasch was interested in the welfare of this Association from its organization, and because of the admirable traits of character that made, in many ways, his long and well spent life an example; therefore be it Resolved—As an expression of the sense of the Retail Grocers’ Association, that, by the death of Mr. Rasch, there has passed away one who acted well his part in every relation of life—one who was useful as a citizen, fearless as a soldier, upright as a merchant, sincere as a friend, loyal as a husband and de- voted as a father Resolved—That we tender our sym- pathy to the family of our departed friend in the loss that they have sus- tained. Fred W. Fuller moved that the mem- bers of the Association attend the funer- al ina body. The motion was adopted and all who can do so are requested to meet at the store of J. Geo. Lehman at 1:30 p. m Treasurer Lehman presented a final report, showing the status of the treas- ury as the result of the annual picnic, which was adopted. The meeting then adjourned. —___~> 2. ____— Mexican Orangés Coming Forward. The oranges now coming from Mexico are the summer crop, and not over twenty-five cars of these will come to the United States, because of a home demand which has sprung up in some of the Mexican cities. Thecrop of winter oranges, which will begin to move about October 1, will consist of about 4oo cars for American cities. It is hard to get at exactly what the crop will be, as last year not over one-quarter of the crop came to the United States, and ow ing to the aforesaid local demand not more than one-fifth will come this year. It is estimated, however, that about 400 cars will come into the United States. —__—_—> 0 —__ There is but one spectacle sadder than a neglected wife, and that is a neglected husband. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN THE RETAIL GROCER. Some Innovations Which Fifteen Years Have Brought. To look at the progress of the grocery trade one has the growth of one of the foremost industries of this the greatest country on earth to consider. Statistics tell us of its magnitude. To live in this age one must progress, or, if not, we are not living in this age that is being propelled by electricity and steam. They are here and we must be here with them or we are not ‘‘in it.’’ Fifteen years ago, at the borning of the Michigan Tradesman, the telephone was in its infancy and small was the business done with it. It has grown, even as your paper has grown, until, to- day, each station is a hub diverging to all points of the world. Is this progres- sion? Are we in this race? Yes, why not? We can now do the business from our respective offices ina few minutes that it used to take hours to transact; and if we are compelled to be at any given point, we have the bicycle, which is here as another implement of pro- gression. Most surely these are great advantages to the grocery trade. When we look back over the last decade and a half we can but wonder at the progress made, and feel with much pride that we are identified with this vast business whose progress it is a pleasure to re- hearse. My first knowledge of the grocery trade was when I was a farm boy of good-sized proportions and visited the country stores and gazed on the stocks composed of groceries, dry goods, boots and shoes, etc., which made me envious of their proprietor, thinking what a pleasant life it must be, compared with that of the grub-hook and hoe. Little did I imagine I would ever be identified with any part of this wonderful business world. Figuratively, these were de- partment stores, which kept everything like unto the literal department stores of to-day. But the early store ws legitimate in its way, not content with fire stocks and the cheapest goods ob- tainable, but laying the foundations of progress on stable principles and good goods. To draw near to the progress of the grocery trade in Grand Rapids, we might say that it is not known to all that twenty-five years ago the grocery business was done wholly on Monroe, Canal and West Bridge streets. To-day there are only two firms doing business which were in trade at that time, name- ly, A. Rasch and P. Kusterer. There have been no less than thirty changes within a radius of one mile from Cam- pau Square since the Tradesman was established; and there are as many changes in the way of doing business and new ways to keep up with the pace of progress. My first and greatest desire in Grand Rapids was to be employed by the then leading store of Voorhis & Co., but I was thrown aside because I was too old, according to the general manager's idea. Let us look at the growth of the little shop established in some outlaying dis- trict. Often started, stocked and pre- sided over by the wife, while the bus band still works in the shop, some have outgrown the small proportions and _ to- day the owners are heavy dealers, tak- ing decided stands for the best and be- ing as impregnable against the shoddy as it is possibleto be. There is progress in this. The larger stores that are mingled with the heavy trades of down- town in our large cities are builded up of mammoth proportions, with such ele- gance that descriptions could only be drawn by the writer of a fairy tale, and stocked until their very sides bulge with every good thing from every quarter of the globe. The retail trade has grown to such proportions that the producer’s and the retailer’s interests are identi- cal, the producer courting the retailer as his spouse. These facts can but teach us of advancement and the importance of the retail grocer, who need not fear inundation form the department or cut- rate store if he be established with the idea of progress. To-day there are those in the retail grocery business with im- mense capital, doing trades of millions of dollars a year, which is conclusive evidence of the importance of our trade, as compared with the advancement of other industries of the country. «Another idea of progress of the gro- cery trade is the advent of the lady clerk, whom we believe has much to do with the increase of this line of trade. She raises the standard of the man clerk, brings order out of confusion and makes suggestions and sales a man would not. We claim the originality of the lady grocery clerk to the fact that the Trades- man took up the subject and passed it along to the American Grocer, which generously commented upon such an in- novation when our first lady grocery clerk was introduced. On the whole, you may readily believe that I am not of a pessimistic nature, but, on the contrary, press forward and accept the good things awaiting me and throw out my arms to accept the prog- ress of the grocery trade. Within this short space of time the great canned goods industry has been built up until to-day every part of this PEEPS ECCT TEST TTT em Michigan State Fair AT GRAND RAPIDS SEPT. 26-30, 1898. a Complete Exhibition Great Special Attractions Half Fare on all Railroads AEM Make Entries with the Secretary, Grand Rapids, Mich. WM. BALL, President. H. S. FRALICK, Secretary ohh hHppepepepoh hh hop hhh heh hhh hh hh 4 hh EEEEEEELEEEEEEETTTT TT TTY hhh hh heh hh hh FH} hhh hh hh hhh 4h 33333333333333993>2. “The Floar the Best Cooks Use” And the kind you ought to Sell. as Made only by @ Valiey City Milling Co. 5 Grand Rapids, Mich. : White | i 9333333333933333393373939933393333333333393939939333333333939332>2 Tae Rice 1 W.R. Brice & Co. Produce Commission Merchants ( 4 Butter, Eggs and Poultry { 23 South Water St. Philadelphia, Pa. REFERENCES « Corn Exchange National Bank, Philadelphia, Pa. W. D. Hayes, Cashier Hastings National Bank, Hastings, Mich. Fourth National Bank, Grand Rapids, Mich. 4 D. C. Oakes, Banker, Coopersville, Mich. { > 4 ‘ - ” 2 = ‘s] GO A-FISHING. \ This is the time of the year when houses and stores and workshops 9 become distasteful, and when the great world of Nature—of field and , wood and sea and sky—beckons with its compelling power. Indoors repels, while outdoors allures; and few there be who fail to yield to > 4 the charm, at least for a brief period. While a fish diet is highly agreeable for a change, no doubt, yet there is a very large and con- stantly increasing sale for high-grade Butter, Eggs and Poultry. Thus it 1s that we are compelled, in order to supply the demand of € our customers, to steadily seek for new consignments of the latter articles of food from those who have not hitherto shipped us. We q vey much desire YOUR consignments, and we offer dete three guar- antees to you: Highest Market Prices, Full Weights, Prompt Pay- . ments. Let usadd you to our list on this understanding. Is it not 4 sufficient? We think so. W. R. BRICE & CO. > Sor Ande aw allie Pororr Sy li a —_ ym MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 7 vast country is giving us its products in the tin can or glass jar as fine as it could be from the tree or vine on which it grew. The Yarmouth corn was the first of these products brought to our at- tention, and there were then sanguine believers in the success of this now great industry. The questions are asked, Is the retail grocer to become an automaton or a slot machine? Will the grocery business re- quire fewer and fewer men of ability and force? These are questions of vital importance to us as retailers. In regard to package stock, there are many advantages offered in commenda- tion of the goods put up by different compounders or producers. It seems to me that if we adopt the package plan of doing our business all are in the same boat—trying to row a small craft up the rapid stream of competition with the department store. We will not see any Park & Tilford’s, S. S. Pierce’s, R. & G. McMillan’s, C. Jevne’s goods and scores of other brands, the proprietors of which have made vast amounts of money doing a retail grocery business when package stores are established un- iversally, unless they are producers of their own goods put up under their own names. Men of ability and force will not be content to fill their shelves with package goods of whatever character, put up by irresponsible producers, having a little advertising, enough to catch the small fly with the department store sting. Let us look to the laurels we have won, depend upon individuality, de- pend upon our own progress, which will ensure success against the vast competition we so often complain of. Natural gas, like electricity, has been a hidden force for ages. Now they are harnessed for the progress of us all. Shall we content ourselves to let others use these and other engeries while we sit by and have them produced for us in a diluted condition, with half the force spent? We believe that much of progress has heen achieved in the life of your valuable paper, the Michigan Tradesman, and with such assistance as it is able to give the retail grocer, he surely may continue the progress we all hope for and kill the dreaded monster, competition. We hope, Mr. Michigan Tradesman, that fifteen years and even more of suc- cess may be yours; that you may be a light on the hill to guide any wavering retail grocers to progress in the grocery business. EJ. HERRICK. —_—__~» 0. — Predecessors and Competitors of the Tradesman. Various attempts had been made to establish trade journals in Grand Rapids prior to the inauguration of the Trades- man. J. D. Dillenbeck, who was respon- sible for three or four abortive ventures in the newspaper line, undertook to es- tablish the Grand Rapids Advertiser in 1869. It was a likely looking quarto, and enjoyed a fair degree of patronage, but lived only one year. In 1878 Mr. Dillenback and a gentleman named Beagle established the Grand Rapids Price Current. It was published weekly and contained market reports and con- siderable news of a commercial charac- ter, but the publishers were hampered by lack of capital and the paper sus- pended after a career of three or four months. Since the Tradesman was established, several unsuccessful attempts have been made to create a competitor in the same field, but the only venture which has seen the light of day was the Business Reporter, which was started in 1887 by the late W. A. Innes and E. A. Antis- del. It lived two months and its demise was hardly noticed. In 1884 A S. White began the publi- cation of the Business Reporter at East Saginaw, with a view to dividirg the patronage accorded the Tradesman in that field. It lived nine weeks and sus- pended without notice to its patrons. Shortly after the establishment of the Tradesman Richard Wilby, a merchan- dise broker, began the publication of the Detroit Commercial. It waged a bitter warfare against the Tradesman and continually sneered at the preten- sions of Grand Rapids as a jobbing market. The publication subsequently passed into the hands of John H. Brownell, dying a peaceful death soon afterward. In 1886 Mr. Brownell established the Detroit Grocer and Butcher, a name afterwards exchanged for that of Herald of Commerce, when the publication passed into the hands of L. S. Rogers, under whose management it had a pre- carious existence for four or five years, when it was purchased by the Evening News Association and consolidated with the Evening News Weekly, which had been previously established by the Scripps newspaper syndicate. The Evening News Association put great energy into the business department of the publication and gave it the benefit of its extensive facilities, but it failed to achieve success because it had no in- dividuality, being merely a reprint from the two daily papers owned by the syn- dicate. After sinking several thousand dollars in the undertaking, the publica- tion was offered to any one who would take it off the hands of the syndicate and it finally—nine months ago—passed into the hands of Fred H. Cozzens, who changed the name to the Detroit Trade and is using his best endeavors to estab- lish a lucrative business. June 23, 1894, L. W. Hardwicke es- tablished the Michigan Merchant at Saginaw, with the avowed object of ‘‘driving the Tradesman out of the field.’’ Malicious statements, dishonest practices and underhanded methods were resorted to from the beginning—in- cluding the bribery of an employe of the Tradesman to reveal certain inside office information supposed to be of value to the new aspirant for public fa- vor; but Mr. Hardwicke soon found that he could not build himself up by tear- ing other people down and retired from the field, leaving behind a trail of dead- beatism, broken promises and disap- pointed hopes. The paper was continued for a time by Willis A. Brooks and others, but failed to win the approval of the mercantile fraternity and expired. About the time the Merchant died ar- other feeble attempt was made to estab- lish a weekly paper at Saginaw, under the name of Journal of Commerce, which expired after a few issues. About eight months ago the Store- keeper was established by the Store- keeper Publishing Co., composed of a number of Saginaw jobbers. This paper comes the nearest to the Tradesman standard of any publication ever issued from the Saginaw Valley and appears to be filling its field in an acceptable man- ner. JERSEY CREAM a r 6 oz. ARS, || 6 doz. incase a ERE AN i) Ga oe sy a (i hoot iN ‘ Nr WY, 1 Ib. : > he Ms j vA 2 doz. in case SL : a , $2.00 ! it a oy , COMEGE: Young men and women admitted any week in the year. Every graduate secures employment. Living expenses low. Write for catalogue. E.C. BISSON, Muskegon, Mich. The “Concave” Washboard HE NES WareR T 7 Gus) IASHBOA SP san. ¥ MANF'D BY STANDARD WASHBOARD C GLOBE CRIMP, Per Doz., $2. SAVES THE WASH. SAVES THE WASHER. | Of inestimable Value to Farm 3 Others Menulpeturing or ngndl ag 25 cents. To Suit Your Taste Stop fermentation in cider at just the stage where it best tickles your palate and keep it constantly uniform for any length of time. Contains no Salicylic Acid. Affords dealer good profit selling at J. L. CONGDON & CO., Pentwater, Mich. ow y—woereasaesSsc—_ 2EO0O P_ Sis OOOO >So - > - e Mail Orders Solicited. F. E. Bushman, Representative, Kalamazoo, Mich. 10 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN FIFTEEN YEARS OLD. How the Tradesman Was Established-- Incidents of Its Career. The first issue of the Michigan Tradesman appeared Sept. 26, 1883, be- ing the fruition of an ambition which had been cherished by the founder for three or four years. In pursuance of this ambition the following circular was printed and mailed to the wholesale trade of this State in 1880: To the Wholesale Trade of Grand Rapids. Recognizing the fact that for several years the various branches of the Whole- sale Trade in this city have felt the need of an authorized representative of their interests, and that the retail trades- men who look to this market for their supplies have felt the want of a reliable commercial guide, the subscriber is pleased to announce that, in case suffi- cient encouragement is extended to the undertaking, he will shortly begin the publication of the Michigan Tradesman, a weekly trade journal issued from the Grand Rapids market, paying especial attention to the wants of the patrons of this mercantile center, and yet being of such a general character that it will be of interest to all engaged in wholesale or retail traffic anywhere. It will be the aim of the publisher to make the contents of the journal as va- ried and interesting as possible. One entire page will be given to current quotations, furnished by representative wholesale dealers, and a weekly review of home and foreign markets will be carefully prepared by a competent writer on the subject. The movements of re- tail dealers and the business changes of all who are in any way connected with the various branches of trade will be chronicled. The ‘‘Gripsack Brigade’’ will be given due prominence in a de partment which will be conducted by a retired traveler. Original and selected articles of interest to the trade and a judicious compilation of the mercantile news of the day will also be an especial feature of the journal. The Michigan Tradesman will not partake of the nature of an advertising sheet, which is dependent entirely upon the generosity of advertisers, but rather will rely for support upon an extensive and good-paying subscription patronage from retail dealers, which will be se- cured immediately after the publication of the paper is begun. Until] that time the paper will be sent gratuitously te all merchants doing business in towns con- tiguous to Grand Rapids. A limited number of advertisements from reputable houses are solicited and will be given equal prominence. With a view to as- certaining whether the sentiment in fa- vor of a publication as above described is strong enough to ensure it a living support, the prospective subscriber will shortly call upon the leading representa- tives of the trade. Bespeaking kind consideration for the project, I am, very truly, E. A. STOWE. Similar circulars were issued and mailed in 1881 and 1882, but the re- sponses were so few and feeble that the Project was postponed. In the mean- time the room for such a publication was demonstrated by correspondence and personal interviews with several hundred retail dealers in all parts of the State, numerous pledges to subscribe for such a journal having been secured in this manner, so that when the first number made its appearance it was welcomed by several hundred merchants who felt that they were identified with the project by reason of the advice and proffered support they had given it in advance of publication. It is a notice- able fact that these merchants have re- mained steadfast supporters Tradesman, nothing short of death causing them to relinquish their patron- age. The first issue was heartily welcomed by the trade, both wholesale and _ retail, but many shook their heads and regret- Type Sand Dead Stone Table Sofe Composifors Stand /mposing Stone Imposing Stone ComposiloryStend of the] - BIRTHPLACE OF THE TRADESMAN SECOND HOME OF THE TRADESMAN PRESENT HOME OF THE TRADESMAN fully predicted that the limitati ns of the territory were too circumscribed to admit of success. These gentlemen have since acknowledged their mistake and cheerfully wheeled into line as _pa- trons of the publication. The first issue contained the advertisements of Cody, Ball & Co., Spring & Company, H. Leonard & Sons, Hazeltine, Perkins & Co., Putnam & Brooks, Jennings & Smith and Calkins Bros., all of whom are still in business, except Calkins Bros., although the style of the houses has been changed in some cases. From seven advertising patrons the list has increased to over a hundred regular cus- tomers, while the subscription list has expanded from a few hundred to the larg- est paid list of any journal of its class in the United States. It would be unfair to convey the im- pression that there has been nothing but smooth sailing all the time for the past fifteen years. On the contrary, there have been dark days, which seem to be inseparable from every business, when patrons appear lukewarm and friends are at a premium. Fortunately, such periods have been few and far between, and they are chiefly valuable to any business by reason of their inculcating the value and necessity of self-reliance. HOMES OF THE PAPER. The Tradesman’s first home was in a little room on the third floor of the Eagle building, at 49 Lyon street. The space was as limited as the resources of the business, but in less than a year the cramped quarters were increased by the addition of an adjoining room, which became the mechanical department, while the original office was used as an editorial room and received accessions in the shape of carpet, desks, tele- phone, etc. As the business of the office increased, two additional rooms were taken, giving the firm the use of an en- tire floor, with the exception of one small room. In 1888 the business had grown to such proportions that a change of location was imperative and in No- vember of that year the three-story and basement building at 100 Louis street was leased for a term of five years. This lease was renewed for another five years, but before a year of the second term had elapsed, the business of the office increased to that extent that it be- came absolutely necessary. that still an- other change should be made. After carefully considering several locations it was deemed desirable to execute a ten years’ lease of the fifth floor of the Blodgett building, one of the finest office buildings in the city, comprising nearly double the floor space formerly occupied and admirably adapted to the purpose by reason of its central loca- tion, unusual amount of light (an im- portant advantage in a printing office), and having everything, except ware- house and storage room, on one floor. The building is fitted with every modern convenience. It is heated by steam and provided with a quick passenger elevator and two freight elevators, one of which is the largest in the city. Especial care was taken in designing and fitting up the establishment, both business and mechanical departments, on the theory that the best work can be accomplished where the surroundings are made as airy, light and pleasant as possible. No reasonable expense was spared to make the quarters as complete and up-to-date as possible. ——_+>0._____ Every man intends to have his own way in everything when he marries, but sometimes his wife relieves his mind of a false impression, MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 11 MERCANTILE AGENCIES. Their Province in the World of Com- merce. It has been said that money is the greatest power in the land for good or evil, but this statement must be accepted with some modifications. Money, as a medium of exchange, is powerful to the extent of producing that which rep- resents its equivalent, be it in commod- ities, position or power; but its limita- tions are reached and its usefulness served when that which represents its equal in intrinsic worth has been given or taken in exchange. Were money the only factor in life, the business man with one thousand dollars at his dis- posal could command but this amount of stock, the banker's financial strength would be governed by the amount of the cash resting in his vaults and his per- sonal property, while a nation’s wealth would be reflected in the amount of its actual material heldings. But govern- ments control millions by the stroke of the pen, banks command sums many times as large as their actual cash and realty holdings, while the merchant with one thousand doliars has often three or four times this value of goods on his shelves. These conditions are due to the exist- ence at the present time of a power which is greater than that of gold—the power of credit—of which Daniel Web- ster at one time said, ‘‘Credit has done more, a thousand times, to enrich na- tions than all the mines of the world."’ Credit has been styled ‘‘the power of buying or selling in confidence of future payment,’’ and upon the foundation of this ‘‘confidence of future payment”’ has been built up the strength of the nations and the commercial marts of the world. But upon the same rock of con- fidence have many a noble house been wrecked and many an institution foun- dered. Confronted by the presence of so mighty a power as is that of credit, constant vigilance is necessary in order that its usefulness may be turned into the right channels and good results gained therefrom. To the furtherance of this end have the mercantile agencies come into existence, and so great has been their growth since their inception, so far-reaching in their scope and so powerful in their influence, that for the aggressive merchant they constitute the secret of his success. To describe the growth of these insti- tutions within the city of Grand Rap- ids is practically to review their growth through the country since the date of their birth, which period may be said to date from sixty years ago. A uni- formity of system obtains throughout the country and, while certain local con- ditions may at times change minor con- ditions, the active principle is univer- sally the same, and as applied to the leading industry of the city, which is worldwide in its reach, the same uni- formity of system obtains here as exists in New York and San Francisco. Mercantile reports are for the guid ance of the credit maker, and the com- ply information from any point of the country within a very few hours. Trav- elers visiting all parts of the country are, by means of letters of introduction, enabled to obtain from local centers in- formation bearing on the reliability of resident merchants, thereby facilitating business transactions, and by the assist- ance of trade reports a merchant’s hab- it as to the manner of meeting his obligations is readily procured. Con- piling for and furnishing of the same to business houses is to-day what may be safely styled a science, requiring, as it does, the ability and co-operation of the best brain and talent money can command. Twenty-five years ago the writing and distribution of a report oc- cupied as many weeks as is now repre- sented by days, and with the co-opera- tion of the typewriter, cipher codes and the telegraph, it is possible now to sup- fidence is the keynote which must gov- ern all business transactions, but this in jtself, shorn of judgment, can but be productive of disastrous results to the interested party. L. P. WITZLEBEN. Advice Suitable to the Occasion. Clara—When I was out on my wheel this morning I cracked my enamel quite badly. Maud—You must learn not to smile. Close Shave for Deacon Barton. In,a certain Michigan town there lives a certain Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde sort of a fellow in the person of Deacon Barton. He is a member of the church and gives liberally to the heathen, but nevertheless, unknown to the brethren, he sometimes treads the primrose path, although so stealthily that the Biblical Joseph had no more spotless reputation than this good brother enjoys. The other Sunday, just before the close of services, Brother Barton walked forward to the pulpit and, as he thought, handed up to the minister an announce- ment to be read to the congregation be- fore dismissal. ‘‘Brother Barton has handed in the following,’’ said the minister, and in a clear voice he read: My Own Dear Bart: Iam dying to see you once more. Why don’t you come to see me? The ‘old hen’’ will never tind it out (how can you endure her?) My darling, I want to see you. Your own and only NELL. At the close of the reading, the min- ister, with a horror-struck countenance, looked in the direction of Barton, the congregation stared at him and his good wife arose in her seat witha look—well, some things can’t be described—but Barton was equal to the occasion. ‘*Brothers and sisters,’’ he said calm- ly, rising to his feet and casting an an- gelic look at the minister, “‘it may ap- pear strange to you that I have asked our beloved pastor to read that, but the best way to fight the devil is face to face. The writer of that vile note is unknown to me, but she is evidently some depraved creature of sin who is seeking to destroy my spotless reputa- tion. I have therefore, given this letter to the public, that they may help me to discover her name and hold her up to the contempt of all good Christians. ’’ A murmur of sympathy and approba- tion went through the room, and_ his wife beamed upon him angelically. Said Barton, with a grin, that even- ing when he told the writer of the note the occurrence, ‘‘It was the closest shave I ever had, and I1’ll change my coat next time.’’ ~~» 0. The Employer Was Kind Hearted. Clerk—I have been in your employ now going on five years, and | am get- ting the same salary I started with. Proprietor—I know it, but every time that I’ve made up my mind to cut you down or discharge you something has reminded me of your wife and little one at home, and so I just couldn't do it. There, my man, you see I have a heart as well as a head. a The Nurse’s Diagnosis. Young mother—Why, Jane, what do you suppose ails the baby? he’s so cross. Jane—I don’t know, mum, unless it’s the mortified milk we've been feeding him lately.’’ ere ee te et It is no wonder that priests do not wed, after women religiously confess their imperfections to them. lisse > far ii lt il A ln cel, ALL THINGS COME TO HIM WHO HUSTLES WHILE HE WAITS DS pS 4» 4. 2~ I~ Your Fall Business will be JUST WHAT YOU MAKE IT. Puta little ginger in your business. \ ves around each 24 hours—move with it. Be progressive. Buy a few NEW things. They pay a better profit. Besides people will know you as a wide-awake merchant and will choose to it good Don’t forget the world mo ee ee trade with one who is up to date. Have you heard of supply of samples; SODIO THE CHEMICALLY PURE SALERATUS It’s NEW, but it’s good and isa winner. We offer beautiful premiums to dealers and consumers and a liberal in fact, we almost sell it for you. Sodio is Michigan Made for Michigan Trade. MICHIGAN CHEMICAL CO., DETROIT, MICH. Write us and we will make it an inducement to handle Sedio. Address It willdo ee SS SS SS SS Uhhh i i i i MICHIGAN TRADESMAN BRASS BUSINESS. Important Industry Where Nothing Ex- isted Fifteen Years Ago. When you requested me to undertake the work of writing up the development of the brass industries of Grand Rapids you set before me a task that is a diff- cult and, at the same time, a delicate one. Difficult because of my inexperi- ence in writing for the press, and deli- cate for the reason that any statements I may make must, of necessity, be of a somewhat personal nature. With the hope that your readers will overlook the use of the personal pronoun in this arti- cle, I will, as briefly as possible, relate what I know of the brass industries of this city. Previous to May, 1882, there had been, so far as known to the writer, no at- tempt made to introduce in Grand Rap- ids the manufacture of brass and bronze goods as a distinct line of business. Up to this time about the only brass cast- ings that had been made were turned out by the foundries connected with the shops of Butterworth & Lowe, Adolph Leitelt, Michigan Iron Works and their predecessors. Their product in this line consisted almost entirely of bearings for engines and the various other machines turned out in these es- tablishments. I might state here that bearing metal is an alloy of copper and tin and, correctly speaking, is a bronze and not brass, which is an alloy of cop- per and zinc. (The trade name of the latter is spelter.) Very little ingot cop- per was brought to this city in the early days, the few foundries above men- tioned depending almost entirely for their supply on the tin peddler, who went about the country buying up all the old copper boilers and teakettle bot- toms and such other scrap metal, in- cluding the family candle sticks, as the careful housewife could scrape together previous to the yearly rounds of the peddiler of the olden days. One of my earliest recollections is the joyful antici- pation of a visit from the old dealer in Yankee notiuns who used to make peri- odical stops at the gate of the oid farm- house where I spent my early youth As he bargained with my mother for her accumulation of paper-rags and old metal, I little thought that I would some day be engaged in a business that would consume carloads of the very metal (copper) that was being bartered for the stock in trade of the old and picturesque traveling mercantile estab- lishment that is seen so seldom nowa- days. The awe and wonder which con- sumed me when, as a child, I was priv- ileged to gaze into the mysterious depths of the blue and red wagon, and, perhaps, handle some toy or trinket that I cov- eted, are again revived whenever I see one of those relics of by-gone days. It will be seen that thus far about the only work which had been done in this city under the head of brass work was the production of machinery castings in bearing metal. Connecticut is the original home of the brass industry in America, and there the business has, in the hands of the in- genious and shrewd Yankee, assumed vast proportions, millions of capital be- ing invested and employment given to many thousands of skilled operators. The city of Waterbury stands at the top of the list in the production of brass goods, Meriden and Bridgeport being next in rank. The products of Connec- ticut factories make a list so long that it would be inexpedient to attempt to enumerate them, but among other prod- ucts there is one that especially inter- ests those engaged in building up the worldwide reputation of Grand Rapids as a furniture center. I refer to furni- ture trimmings. Prior to the Centennial Exposition brass had been very sparingly used for decorative effects in this country, most of the furniture being trimmed with un- couth carved wooden handles and wood- en knobs, I presume this allusion to the trimmings of the past will recall to the mind of tbe reader the old ‘‘grape handles’’ that were eternally coming unglued from the drawer fronts which they were supposed to adorn. The Centennial Exposition had a wonderful influence in awakening this young and vigorous nation into realizing that in matters of art, design and deco- ration we were way behind the artistic nations of the Old World. The result in the East soon found a tremendous market for their product in this city, and it was this fact that led to the writ- er’s engaging in the manufacture of fur- niture trimmings in May, 1882. At this time I was in the employ of Nelson, Matter & Co., where several years’ service had made me familiar with the needs and requirements of the furniture trade. It was easy to see that large quantities of brass trimmings would be used in this city and, after carefully consider- ing the matter, I joined forces with the Michigan Tool Works, the proprietor of which was Thos. Farmer, Jr. Borrow- ing $250, I invested this amount in the first plating dynamo and nickel-plating plant ever brought tothe Valley City, at least so far as known to the writer. Be- yond this amount I had no interest in the enterprise other than a working in- was that architects and _ designers throughout the country saw their oppor- tunity for producing more artistic goods and made concerted efforts to educate the people to higher things, so far as pertained to architecture and household decoration, and readily availed them- selves of brass and bronze for decora- tion. So much in love did the people grow with the use of brass that the peri- od from 1880 to 1890 might well be called the Brass Age in the United States, as every producer was crowded to the utmost with orders. Many new concerns owe their birth to the craze for the yellow alloy which swept-over the country. The furniture manufacturers of this city were not slow in improving the artistic merits of their designs, nor in adopting brass trimmings in place of those formerly used. The manufacturers of metal trimmings terest in the profits of the business. It was soon found tkat it was very difficult to obtain skilled labor for carry- ing on the work, and we set about im- porting competent men and educating others in the various lines and trades which are required in carrying on the manufacture of brass goods. We were obliged to bring from the East polish- ers, buffers, brass moulders, brass _fin- ishers and platers. At that time we made our own designs and metal pat- terns and invented special machinery for the work. After two years of hard work disaster overtook the machine business transacted by the Michigan Tool Works and, although the brass de- partment was paying well, it could not make good the losses of the other branches of the business. Very soon after the suspension of business a con- ference was held, at which time it was decided to start the brass business again as a distinct line of work, independent of all other lines of goods. The partner- ship of Farmer & Tower was duly formed in October, 1886, and, with a capital of $172 in cash and plenty of determination, the new firm began work. Strict application to business. brought the usual reward and, when, in 1887, Mr. Farmer's interest was pur- chased by the writer, employment was being given to about twenty-four men. The business was carried on alone until 1888, when I became associated witb Geo. F. Sinclair in organizing the Grand Rapids Brass Co., with a capital of $25,000. A_ spacious three-story brick factory was built at 162 Court street, which was equipped with ma- chinery and tools for carrying on the work of inaking furniture trimmings on an extensive scale. The firm’s line consisted of drawer pulls, knobs, escutcheons, hat pins and special work made to order. During this period—1888 to 1890—many manu- facturers preferred to have their own special designs for trimmings, which were executed for their exclusive use. Quite a large proportion of the output of the Grand Rapids Brass Co. was ex- clusively high-priced goods, but the final purchaser of.the furniture reaped the benefit, for the goods were trimmed with much more elaborate and _ substan- tial trimmings than are being used to- day. True, the designs have been vast- ly improved, both in furniture and trimmings, but at the cost of durability, caused by furniture makers calling for cheaper and cheaper trimmings. One of the greatest hits in furniture decoration was the introduction, in 1887, of brass ornaments sawed from sheet brass and finished in antique to match the finish of the oak goods, which were turned out in vast quantities by the fur- niture makers. As much as Ioo tons of |sheet brass was consumed in this way in one year, and the spring of 1893 found the Grand Rapids Brass Co. over- crowded with orders and, consequently, very crowded for room to increase its production. In March, 1893, a contract was let for the erection of a second building aijjoining the present factory, 80x92 feet in dimensions, three stories and basement. The panic of July, 1893, utterly par- alyzed the manufacturing industries, and instead of filling up the new build- ing with machinery and workmen, the factory was compelled to shut down for nearly two months. From that date un- til the present time the factory has given employment to from 150 to 200 men. Besides making an extensive line of furniture trimmings this company man- ufactures large quantities of refrigerator hardware, consisting mostly of locks, hinges and faucets. It is also an ex- tensive manufacturer of many patented articles used by the furniture makers, such as desk supports, wardrobe hooks, toilet screws, etc. It would be very in- teresting, indeed, to describe the vari- ous processes through which any given article of brass has to go before it is ready for shipment, but this is impos- sible in a paper of this nature, and I will but briefly enumerate the various departments in their order: A given article having been decided upon, a design is first made in the de- signing and pattern department. When a pattern has been made, it is turned over to the foundry, where the castings are made. The latter are then sent to the machine department, where the ma- chine work is attended to. From here MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 13 SASSI oD = VOIGT MILLING CO.§ SUCCESSORS TO Crescent Mitts (Voigt Mituinc Co.) ann Star Miuis (C. G. A. Voict & Co.) into one institution, under one management, and will continue to manufacture all the brands heretofore made under the same names as heretofore. The new arrangement will enable us to curtail expenses to a considerable extent and ~ Sf We take pleasure in informing the trade that we have mérged both of our mills serve the interests of our patrons even better than we have been able to serve ( them in the past ey Our Crescent mill has lately resumed operations after being completely over- hauled and improved by the introduction and installation of the latest improved Sy machinery; and all that can be done by means of improved mechinery, careful attention to details and the employment of ample capital will be utilized in Cy pursuance of our determination to lead the field in the production and distribu- tion of high grade flour of uniform excellence. Among our leading bradds are the following: = Royal Our Patent cy Royal Patent Gilt Edge Sy Voigt’s Patent Snow Drift Crescent Calla Lily Sy White Rose Star ef Vienna Golden Sheaf Ey White Frost Pearl ap. Above All Boss We are sole manufacturers of Flouroigt, an improved whole wheat flour, with the bran and all impurities eliminated. We are large handlers of Bran, Middlings, Screenings and Corn and Oats Feed, which we sell on close margins. We gladly embrace this opportunity to thank our customers for past patronage and to assure them that we shall undertake to merit a continuance of their confidence and esteem. SS SASS UE UU UR UR UR UR UR UR UR UR UU VOIGT MILLING CO., GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN. SGT C ww 14 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN the next step is the polishing depart- ment, where the goods receive the hril- liant surface so much admired; thence to the buffing, plating and lacquering departments. The goods are now ready for the assembling room, where they are put together and made ready for pack- ing and shipping. A large force of skilled employes are required in the tool department, where they are kept busy in making special dies and tools, as well as the automatic machinery re. quired in carrying on this class of work. Many ingenious and automatic machines have been designed and built and many new features have been contributed by the skillful mechanics who are employed in the tool department. Having outlined the history of the brass business in the city,I wiil proceed to enumerate other concerns which are engaged in this line of work: The firm of Harring & Atwood do quite an extensive jobbing business in plumbers’ goods, house and lawn goods and special job work. The proprietors came here from Chicago in 1892 and have built up a profitable business in this particular line of work. The Peninsular Brass Co., under the management of Henry Hughes, has car- ried on a jobbing and plating business for about five years. It manufactures a line of brass trimmings and does re- finishing for the trade in general. The Rempis & Gallmeyer Foundry Co. and the Grand Rapids Foundry Co. turn out finished bronze and brass cast- ings for those who are prepared to do their own machine work. The Brass & Iron Bed Co. was organ- ized in 1895 to carry on the manufacture of metal beds and cribs. It occupies extensive quarters in the Rood block on Campau street, where it has a large amount of special machinery for this class of work. The line at present is confined largely to iron beds in a_ vari- ety of enamel finishes, which are trimmed with brass mounts thus pro- ducing very tasty decorative effects. The output of the company finds ready sale throughout the country, and the es- tablishing of factories of this nature in our city should meet with the support of all who are interested in developing our industrial resources. In conclusion, I think it will be of interest to the general public to have some knowledge of the number of em- ployes in this and kindred lines of work, as well as capital invested, and other details. The following list is in- tended to apply only to those industries which can be classified as metal indus- tries, and does not include the machine shops, iron foundries, bicycle manu- facturers, except their plating depart- ments, and similar concerns: Capital employed, approximated........... $200,000 Annual output, approximated.............. 325,000 EMPLOYES. Ornamental pattern makers................ 7 Metal polishers ....... a 45 Metal buffers ......... 60 Brass moulders...... ue 40 easy Witenes oe 50 ee 20 Bergerac 20 Tool makers (not including machinists) ... 30 Other employes, abont.........0. 2.2... 300 Total, When it is remembered that no men were employed and no capital was in- vested in the brass business in this city prior to 1882, I think the showing is a remarkable one and that Grand Rapids is to be congratulated that an important industry has been practically created within the period covered by the life of the Tradesman. DANIEL TOWEKk. ——_»>0.___ When a man gets married, it’s about the only time in bis life that he has on new clothes all through. HAY TRADE. How Michigan Growers Can Secure Better Prices. Our hay crop, which is of such vast value, should command more attention, especially in Western Michigan, where it is becoming a very important product and one of the most profitable for the farmer when taken from soil adapted to the growing of timothy. According to the State and Govern- ment reports, we have the largest crop of hay to dispose of this year that the country has ever produced. While the local demand seems greater than the supply in Western Michgian, it is an undeniable fact that we have more hay in store in the country, as well as in Michigan, than ever before, there be- ing a large amount of second grade and mixed hay carried over on account of No. 1 timothy hay now grades No. 2, in consequence of the farmer cutting his hay when he has time, instead of when it ought to be cut. Since the old-time lumber camp demand for our hay has disappeared, our dealers and farmers should work to improve their grades, that they may secure the market price for high grade hay at the seaboard. While the supply is increasing, the consumption has decreased, and _ the trolley street car is largelv to blame for this lack of demand, good authority placing the shrinkage in the use of horses in four of our larger cities alone at nearly 200,000 from the street car service, lessening our consumption— figured at fifteen pounds per horse per day—540,000 tons annually. This, mind you, is in only four of our principal cities, saying ncthing about the many smaller cities which have discarded the extremely low prices of 1897. We are obliged to compete with Eastern hay at the seaboard as well as in New England, and we are to considerable disadvantage on account of the quality and kind of balers now used in this part of the State. Our press men should change their small bale perpetual press for upright large bale press. This change would give the farmer on all Eastern shipments about $1 more per ton than he is now getting with the small baler. Another very serious drawback is in the curing of the hay by the producer. It is left in the field, subject to showers and dews, until a majority of our tim- othy is stained, New England and New York hay often outselling ours by $1 a ton. Our hay dealers should impress this fact upon the farmers of whom they buy. Two-thirds of our crop of so-called horses. It shows, however, that this is a very important feature for the hay producer to consider, and when the farmer is obliged to sell his hay for $5 or $6 per ton, every effort should be made to improve the quality and condi tions for marketing. While hay is a commodity that is largely consumed where it is produced, the surplus for which we find a market in the East and South is worth looking after. We have already produced, ac- cording to the Government reports, $570,000,000 worth in one year, that be- ing the year 1893; last year’s crop, the estimated value was $401,000,000. This shows a large crop for last year, as the price was very low. If the railroa’s would classify bay on an equal basis with grain, it would im- prove the chances for better disposing of the surplus, and this year, when we have such an enormous crop, we think it would be greatly to the railroads’ in- terest to consider lower rates, especially on hay to be exported. The July Government report gives conditions that for timothy hay the New England States, together with New York, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Kan- sas and Nebraska, and a number of less important states, are 1oo and upwards; and even important states like Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Minnesota and Mis- souri, whose reports are somewhat less favorable than the foregoing, have con- ditions that are above a series of years. This is followed by the August report, which is fully as encouraging for a large crop of hay and low prices, the acreage being eight tenths of 1 per cent. greater than last year. In forty-seven states and territories reported, thirty-two show an increase of from 1 to Io per cent., the average condition of timothy being 99.3, which has no parallel in the record of the department. In all the New England States, New York, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska and Oregon the conditions exceed 100 per cent. of a full normal crop. The product of clover is also very high, being 97 per cent. of a full crop. Even the alfalfa crop is reported at 100 and up- wards, With these conditions, what shall we do with our hay? We note to-day that our farmers are all holding, instead of selling at the market price, the press men not being able to pay over $5 to $5.50, while the farmers are exacting from $6 to $7. The Indiana farmer is disposing of his hay at the market price, that being nearer the seaboard, and can deliver at a lower rate of freight, from 40 to 80 cents a ton. Ohio is also a hay State and nearer the sea- board. We hear of considerable hay being shipped from Indiana into North- ern Michigan already, although the de- mand is limited, as many of our north- ern counties have plenty of hay and some to spare. Wedonot claim to know whether the price will go up or down, but we wish to give a few facts concern- ing this crop: Should we get a dry fall, the pastures being dried up, thus for- cing the farmer to feed his stock, and a long cold winter, it will help to con- sume this year’s crop and stimulate the price. The average quality will run better than last year, on account of the weather being dry during the haying season. O. E. Brown. —___> 2 —___ More Goods Sold. Evidence multiplies that the fall and winter seasons will see more goods sold than any other half year of American history. The foundations for an enor- mous trade are of the broadest and firm- est character. The crops of last year have been sold, for the most part, at high prices. Debts have been paid and a surplus remains in the hands of the people. The new crops promise to be heavy and are likely to bring good prices. The exports have been for near- ly a year heavily in excess of imports, piling up a large balance in our favor. Recently even our exports of manufac- tures have overtopped the imports, and that is a condition that is likely to be- come chronic, for our manufacturers are commanding the growing respect of the world. Our warships have demonstrated their excellence at all points, and a leading London paper admits, after careful investigation, that we can build such ships at less cost than any country in Europe. Such being the case, the orders already in hand for war vessels for other nations are likely to be fol- lowed by many more. —__~ee2__ When a woman throws a stone straight at the devil, she is very apt to hit ber husband square in the face, MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 15 An Announcement The manufacturers of Enameline, the Modern = Stove Polish, inform the retail grocers of the 2 United States that on and after Sept. 1, 1898, S they will manufacture Enameline in paste, a cake and liquid. : Prameline s573%%: : PASTE: CAKE or LIQUID : S We want ALL your Stove Polish trade. In S our new ‘‘Enameline Cake’’ and ‘‘Enameline Liquid’ we give the largest quantities, best S quality and lowest prices ever offered. If o you are doing business for profit it will pay you to handle our whole line. W. W. KIMBALL CO. are the largest manufacturers of PIANOS AND ORGANS in the world. We can save you money when you buy. See us, or write for Catalogue. C. B. DETRICK, "25-27 S. Division St., Grand Rapids, Mich. Successor to W. W. Kimball Co. | | 1 We Realize——-— | That in competition more or less strong Our Coffees and Teas : | _ Must excel in Flavor and Strength and be constant Trade Winners. All our coffees roasted on day of shipment. 29 Jefferson Avenue, Detroit, Mich. hls seh = iu Sy iN - hs The J. M. Bour Co., a an ai, tata Ohio. F ici agency a ee ‘-FREMEMBER THE NAME’ BLUE AND CRAY ENAMELED WARE 2 22d eee c ~ J. L. PRESCOTT & CO., New York. - 5 i inidervsernierumesnn el 7 Manufactured expressly iow us. We carry a full line at W 260 South Ionia Street, . =. prices. Every piece guaranteed to be perfect. m. Brum meler & Sons, Grand Rapids, Mich. e2525e5e5 16 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN LIME TRADE. How It Thrived in the Early Days of the City. The building up of a city, as well as of the country, necessitates the handling, distribution and use of a large amount of material. This distribution and con- sumption of mzterial forms one of the important chanuels of trade and is far- reaching in its effects. It reaches back to the forest and the deposits of min- eral of various kinds, the development of which gives employment to armies of men to produce the various kinds of material, which, after being produced, give employment to a large number of men to distribute and construct the many handsome and expensive structures both public and private which build up and form the wealth of our communi- ties. Nature, in her great distribution of her material, has deposited beds of lime rock in all sections, apparently know- ing it was one of the necessities in the development of acountry. From it is produced carbonate of lime, so com- monly used in the cementing of our stone and brick and the plastering of our walls. We can think of no material to take its place which can be so easily and cheaply produced and is so easy of access. The necessity of this material has built up large plants for its manufac- ture in various parts of the country. Jn an early day, before the construction and extension of so many railroads, the lime rock in the bed of our river was utilized and the earlier buildings in this section of the country were built up and plastered with Grand Rapids lime. As early as 1833 a small kiln was built near the present site of the Nelson & Matter Furniture Co. This kiln was used but little, and was succeeded hy one erected by Wm. Morman and Sim- eon Stewart in 1836, on the present site of the Grand Rapids Veneer Works. Mr. Morman bought out his partner the following year and conducted the _busi- ness alone. As this was the pioneer period of Grand Rapids, with few set- tlers and moderate growth, the volume of trade was not such as to demand the entire attention of the owner, hence he put in part of his time in clearing up a farm north of the city which he took from the Government. During the succeeding years kilns were built on both sides of the river by Geroge Congdon, George Mason and others. In 1858 Mr. Morman, together with Mr. L. C. Davidson, purchased the kiln previously erected on the east bank of the river, opposite the Oriel Cabinet Co. Shortly after, Mr. Mor- man purchased the interest of Mr. Davidson. About the close of the war the city and surrounding country took an active start in their growth. At this time Mr. Morman constructed what they called a patent continuous-burning kiln and the business assumed greater pro- portions. Hundreds of cords of wood were brought in by the farmers during the winter and piled up for summer use. During the low-water period hundreds of cords of stone were quarried from the bed of the river, giving employment to many men and teams, and the business was something of a factor among the city’s enterprises. The river bank was a busy place in those days, presenting a marked contrast to its present appear- ance where the ruins of an old kiln leave a landmark of the former activity. In the early years succeeding the war Western Michigan paid tribute to Grand Rapids by purchasing her lime in this city. It was shipped to all the sur- rounding towns and cities, including Grand Haven, Muskegon, Ionia, Port- land, Allegan, Holland, etc., and. the foundation of these cities and villages, so to speak, was built up with Grand Rapids lime. William Morman, practically the father of the lime business in Grand Rapids, retired from the business in 1885, de- serving a rest from business cares. At the present time, although it is sixty- two years since he first manufactured lime, he is still living and is enjoying fairly good health for his age. He was succeeded by his son, S. A. Morman, who has since conducted the business, and is now conducting it under the name of S. A. Morman & Co., with Charles E. Meech as a partner. The house is one of the oldest, if not the oldest, in Grand many cars and necessitates much heavy labor. The struggle for business, competi- tion, narrow margins, etc., has obliged the dealer to take on other lines of building material, such as sewer pipe, brick, fire brick, stucco, etc., and at present there are several firms compet- ing for trade in the city and surround- ing country, and their trade makes one of the leading industries of the city. Material in small lots and mixed car- lots is shipped to the towns and cities of Western Michigan and carload orders are taken and shipped direct from the works in different parts of the country with which the dealer has shipping ar- rangements. Where formerly the Obio lime was the main branch used in this section, at present the Petoskey lime is superseding it on account of its strength and reaching qualities. The Louisville Rapids which has followed one line of business. With the advent of more railroads, better and cheaper facilities for trans- portation, and more economical condi- tions for the manufacture of lime by large companies in Ohio and Northern Michigan, the Grand Rapids lime has been crowded out of the market and Grand Rapids is now a distributer of the necessary article. With the rapid growth of the city in years past, to- gether with the condition of the sur- rounding country, the business has grown to larger dimensions and thou- sands of barrels of lime and cement are distributed each year. On account of the cheapness of the article the amount of business in dollars and cents does not equal the amount in other channels, but the bulk and tonnage means the loading and unloading of cement is the leading brand for building work in this city, the Milwaukee cement for street work, while Akron and Buffalo have strong advocates through the coun- try and smaller towns. As long as the city and country con- tinue to build up, lime and cement will be leading articles of trade; and may progress and growth continue and pros- perity reign. S. A. MORMAN. —_+>22>—___ The Statement Was Confirmed. Old Fogy—I am pained to hear that you are addicted to poker playing, and that last night you lost $25. Young Fogy—The idea! Why, I don’t even know how to play the game."’ **So I am informed by the party who won the money.’ —____~ 20-2 Many a man after marriage wishes he bad one-tenth of the money he fooled away on other girls, to buy a baby car- riage with. Vindication of the American Hog. Washington, Sept 5—Consu! Barnes at Cologne, whose recent report on the preparation of American fruits for the German market attracted much atten- tion, bas followed it with a report upon trichinae, which is a splendid vindica- tion of the American hog from the villi- fications of his German accusers. The report says: ‘* Through the medium of a society of German foreign meat importers, whose object is the protection and promotion of the German trade in meats and fat products, I learn that for the last fifteen years, beginning with the decree of 1883 probibiting the importation of Ameri- can meat and ending with the close of last year, there were officially confirmed in the kingdom of Prussia 3,003 re- ported cases of illness from trichinae, 207 of which resulted in death. Of these there could be traced to the eating of European meat examined in Germany and found to be free from trichinae 1,242 cases of illness and 102 deaths. Thus 41 35 per cent. of all the cases of illness and 49.7 per cent. of all the deaths were caused by the consumption of European pork which was examined in Germany and found to be free from trichinae. The remaining cases could also be traced to importations of Euro- pean meat, partly examined and fartly not examined, and found to contain trichinae, and yet handled by the trade. ‘*In not one of the above 3,003 cases could it be proved that the illness was caused by the use of American salted, pickled or tinned meat, nor by smoked sausage (imported under imperial de- cree of Sept. 3, 1891). This statement holds good for all Germany. In con- firmation of this fact, the society here- in before mentioned has issued posters wherein a reward of 1,000 marks ($233) is offered to the person who can prove that trichinae has been transferred to human beings by the consumption of American salted or pickled pork or smoked sausage imported under the im- perial decree of Sept. 3, 1891, canceling the edict forbidding the importation. eo How One Dealer Does It. Chas. O. Olson runs an extensive dry goods store in Toledo, Iowa. He is an old traveling salesman, and from his experience and observation has adopted the ideas which he believes best suited to his community. ‘‘IT have found,’’ said he, ‘‘that the giving of premium goods has come to be a necessity in many towns. ‘Toledo is one of those places, and I am as deep in the premium goods business as any of them. The scheme has met with several changes. It used to be that sil- verware was all the go, but now almost any kind of an article may be found on the premium list. At present I am giv- ing out chinaware, anything from a whole dinner set to a single piece, ac- cording to the number of checks that are saved and presented by the customer. A check is given witb every twenty-five cent purchase. The bother with this scheme is that it is overdone. “*I bave bad some dealings with a trading check concern at Des Moines that distributes Rand-McNally atlases through the check system. All the checks given out by the retailer have to be paid for, and this I consider an ob- jection, because the Des Moines people get all the profit on the unused checks. *‘I advertise in two weekly papers, and keep the advertisements alive by frequent changes. I consider this form of advertising indispensable. I am also interested in window dressing, and try to keep = with the times in it. The public is always very appreciative when = extra effort is made in the show win- ows.’”’ —__—_@ 6 __ Beneath Contempt. Mr. De Broker—I am a defaulter, and I want you to defend me. Great Lawyer—Certainly, Mr. De Broker ; I'll get you off allright. Have no fear. How many millions is it? Mr. De Broker (with dignity)—Sir, I am short only a few thousand, and I hope to pay that some day. Great Lawyer (to office boy)—James, show this vile scoundrel the door, MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 17 I fF ZW Ly) Yj fy C2 eee AND Uae hal! Sec tanes Ad as reread 12s Ri : Ny == —— = te EGISTERED BY GUUOHNSON CIGAR Co.— => = = Z Pan . - = ‘i } [ ; ———— ~J- /SOPWSON CIGAR = FF > LEA Se ee ee a y} << 2) TS - YY = : CUMIN iy: a = ,(f == = 5 CAAA NSP iy Vig k= = 2 -\ "5"as~ y) = * : ia OLR Pre F y tS 0 G eT ah” ‘ : st QW = ‘an G oS AV oe = UT BAY aay SUES 6 sy Ge — = o O B y eS B SSS o af hg U : ¥ ISS) yi > 5 \} } i . =—— = We = == t A | J N 0 = y Ta aT 2 RSS SSS] aD oe we is m AREY lek@ a Fr 1 \ "i (=a) LY y i ge Ate a fre Ca ne z. | SO la A HD l | | | PT (i ieee ae PU ne Mh) rhea HA ( BT Hi i fl UT a | i si t i me NS ih ini | | lq SSS = = ee tn (( ! q " \—~ SS ——_. > - SNE) (07 SSeS SE aA IAR : oY AS FFPeS S33 4'5 % \ A ——4 A a — SS 21 JA =) —— ay —— on) i f——. La at i an mA ii | We il VUE | nT nt vt ! fy i ! TT — — rs 5c Cigar SOLD BY ALL JOBBERS == G. J. JOHNSON CIGAR CO., Grand Rapids, Mich. 18 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN ELECTRICAL PROGRESS. Wonderful Strides Made During the Past Fifteen Years. Among the many prominent develop- ments of the past fifteen years electricity can safely be termed the leader of all. The advantages offered by the applica- tion of electrical energy are many, and of vast importance to the world in gen- eral. Electrical science and the possibilities that may arise are still far from having reached perfection, and we have yet to witness a revolution of manufacturing industries, traveling facilities, and many other important commercial necessities as derived from electrical energy, all of which will be of the great- est importance to the advanced modern methods of conducting our commercial industries, For indications of the mod- ern applications of electricity we need go no farther than our own progressive city, as we can in our daily routine ob- serve our electric lighting plants, iso- lated lighting plants, decorative signs, electric railroads, enclosed arc lamps and many otber electric devices. =Take the telephone as an example of the rapid growth of electricity as ap- plied to commercial uses. We have known of such an instrument for fifteen years, but up to that time not many had the pleasure of using them. Then they were crude in every way, and were ex- pensive, but few being in use and those over very limited distances; but to-day we can look at the past only to wonder and ponder over the possibilities of the coming fifteen years. Telephones are in use in nearly every city ard town in the United States. Our long distance telephone has greatly facilitated busi- ness. The past three years has brought the larger part of this particular branch into use, this being caused by the en- trance in the field of the independent exchanges, our own City being a strik- ing and successful example of this growing public convenience. Although telephones are an absolute necessity to the business world to-day and could not be put aside, still there are other branches of electrical zpplication tbat are very important. The lighting ques- tion has been successfully, practically and economically solved, many cities owning and controling their own light- ing plants. Grand Rapids may, at some future day, be the proud possessor of her own lighting system. However, the question seems to be very warmly con- tested, and although the people vote for such a plant, it still seems open to de- bate and long delay. The new acetylene gas, lately invented and being rapidly brought into promi- nence as the most brilliant illuminant, as a Substitute for oil lamps and even gas and electricity, is entirely depend- ent on electricity for its manufacture— can not be manufactured without it. This is certainly a very important and modern use of electricity and is sure to be the means of a revolution of lighting in small towns, all due, primarily, to electricity. And so we can trace its uses back of things which, to the ordinary observer, have no connection with this wonderful fluid, as it may be termed, of this enlightened Nineteenth Century. Consider, too, our great advance in transportation facilities, our local and suburban—to be—electric railroads. Consider, also, our well-lighted stores and streets. What did we use fifteen years ago? To-day one can visit our immense manufacturing industries and find near- ly all finely equipped with their own lighting systems, operating separate machines by individual electric motors, thus disposing of long lines of shafting. This method of operating machines is coming into common use, the most mod- ern and finely-appointed factories to-day running all their machines by separate motors, supplying current from large generators in their engine room, and conveying this electrical energy to each machine by electric wiring, in place of old-style, long, expensive and cumber- some line shaftings. This is considered to be a more economical way of dis- tributing energy than our older, direct- connected, rotary motions as conveyed by shafting and pulleys and belts. The uses to which electricity has been adapted by ingenious thought and in- telegraph around the world. Our busi- ness men can transact important busi- ness a thousand miles away. Our navy could not do without the important elec- trical devices pertaining to their search- lights, signallights, electric torpedoes, etc. The mining industries bave been greatly facilitated by certain electrical machinery. The underground rapid- transit problem is solved by the appli- cation of electricity. Our medical pro- fession owe a large part of their modern methods of investigation to the X rays, which are a development of electrical application to certain conditions. Thus electricity has become to the world in general an indispensable article, as we may term it—something impossible to do without and still maintain our mod- ern methods, and yet all this impor- vention of complicated mechanisms are many. The new metal, aluminum, is dependent on electricity. Our vast elec- tro-plating establishments, which have revolutionized the manufacture of plated goods, consume an immense amount of current. The art of cooking by elec- tricity has been practically and _ suc- cessfully accomplished. Very few boats of any size are without their own light- ing plants. To-day we can sit in our public halls and listen to campaign speeches in faraway places; this is in- deed a luxury. We can look into elec- trical devices and witness in detail exact reproductions of our champion prize-fights. We can hear the cheers of nominating conventions. Owing to the rapid development of line construction and laying of submarine cables we can tant development has taken but fifteen short years, and many of the appliances have been in use for but four or five years, The coming years must bring many more important devices and uses of electricity. ‘This is proven by the rap- idly-increased demand at the patent offices for patents on various devices operated electrically. We have yet to look forward to one very important change relative to the production of electricity. We are at present compelled to use other energy to produce electrical energy; that is to say, we can not obtain electricity in quantities to put to practical uses unless we go to enormous expense. The energy which we have used for many years, steam or water power, is an essentia, power to the production of our electrical energy, as we must use either of these two powers to operate machinery which produces the electrical energy, so con- veniently applicable to uses where steam or water would fail in producing the re- sults as a primary and only power. So, to this great discovery of producing electricity from the heavens or earth (which are generally conceded to be the storehouses of electricity) without the large expense of primary energy we will look forward, and expect it to be the means of producing wonderful advance ment in the uses of electricity asa prac- tical and economical unit of power and illumination. When our brighter en- gineers and scientists, with their com- bined researches, arrive at the solving of this problem we will havea still more rapid development of the uses of the power which is already the most ad- vanced in such short time. The day will come, sooner or later, when our foremost power, as applied to all modern manufacturing industries, shall be electrical energy economically used ; and the writer hopes the Trades- man may live to see that day, may live under the same successful management, and may continue to advance in the fu- ture as in the past, ever keeping pace with the electrical development which is sure to be experienced in the future. M. B. WHEELER. —_> 0. __ The Talkative Clerk. A large department store in Phila- delphia employs a_ certain number of girls about 16 years old and who are im- bued in an unusual degree, even for girls of that frivolous age, with an emo- tional nature that is not at all flattering when it manifests itself to the dignity of the older people who visit the store to purchase goods. For these girls, mind you, are just as hilarious in the pres- ence of customers as at times when cus- tomers are not around. Nor do’ they make any apparent discrimination in their answers to customers and to their own wild set, for they are always more or less flippant and at times really dis- gustingly so to a person with a refined temperament. So that it is manifestly the part of wisdom for the manager of that department, if he desires to hold the respect of his customers, to dispose of those girls speedily. It should be the policy of every store to limit the conversation of its salespeople within reasonable bounds, so that their remarks may not be heard by customers, for oftentimes the talk of these clerks will bear upon the shoes they are selling, and if it be flippant and overheard by a customer, it will have a greater effect than if it is said tothe customer in person. Many customers have the idea that the clerks are honest in their talks with one another, but are paid not to be honest in their talks to the public, and therefore the jesting remarks made on the side are taken as the truth. ——_>0>__ Buying Enthusiasm. _ Enthusiasm is good capital to invest in your business. It is worth paying for. Yes, you can buy enthusiasm for money. Try it and see how certainly you can do it. Sometime when you feel only a languid interest in your business, yank something out of stock and cut a great chunk off the selling price—a chunk worth the while, a chunk that will compel people to want the goods at the revised price. Then advertise in your home newspaper and tell the peo- ple what you have done. Tell them the truth, and if your selection of a leader has been wise you will soon find things stirring, not only in your store, but in your breast as well. What if you do lose a few dollars on the goods so advertised? If you have aroused your own interest in your busi- ness by arousing the interest of others, ou have bought enthusiasm at a very ow price. Try it. It is better than spring medicine for that tired business feeling. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 19 SEEEEEESELEOEEESESESESESELS SEHHHELHELOHOD EHELEESS een ® SSS 5) HE PLACE to buy Lamps, Crockery, Glass- ware, Dinner Sets, Toilet Sets, Fruit Jars, Stoneware, Silverware, Hardware Sundries, Tin- ware, Granite Ironware, Bazaar Goods, Toys, a Dolls, Games, Picture and Miscellaneous Books, Sleds, Skates and every variety of GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. | HOLIDAY GOODS. BU OROCKERY RIGHT “CHAMPION” ASSORTMENT -&» Domestic White Granite Ware at manufacturer’s prices and on your own selection of the assortment. Notice this, the “Champion” Assortment is UNIQUE in that you, yourself make the selection after the first two items which SFFFTFFHFSSTFSSSFSF FSF SF FF SS FF : © are staple and saleable in every stock. You can make your selections as large or as small as you wish. We have sold this ware for the , : past five or six years and have yet to hear the first question as to quality. We guarantee it in every respect. At these prices this % 3 crockery is shipped very promptly from factory. * : $ : ; te & : : : MEAT DISHES OYSTER BOWL ROUND SCALLOPS * = ca Sasa aaacgaeoo Coleen oy a : ‘Champion’? Assortment Best Iron Stone White Granite Drop us a postal for our new Holiday Cat- : ®@ ouantITy ARTICLES COST PER DOZ. RETAIL alogue, ready in a few days, showing the x 12 Dozen Handled Teas and Saucers, 12 of each to doz........ 0.2262 ----2 00+ $o.50 ....$0.84 doz. 4 : . i 12 Dozen 7 inch Plates, full measure, 9 inch............--- 20+ e eee e eee: .58 .... 90 doz. largest variety of goods in this line we 2 2 SideaMed Wem oad Seater oe. ee es eee ees Rt Suc over shows. at osices on which « 3 ee Handled Coffees and Saucers .............-2----- ce eecees cc eeee -74 . 1.10 doz. “ itl ” 2 ..s....+ Unhandled Coffees and Saucers .......... -. eee eee eee eee ree eee .64 1.2. 195 doz. good profit may be obtained. Remember e $ ees 5 inch Plates, full measure, 7% inch.........--.+---- sees er eeee 44... .66 doz. i ' + £ bane 6 inch Plates, full measure, 8 inch...... ......-2++ esse eee ees 152 .... 78 doz. || We Can save you time, money and freight charges. %& a 8 inch Plates, full measure, 9 inch...........----+eeeeeeeee eee ees 9276 «... 1-20 doz. ¢ 2 USSU 4 inch Fruits, full measure, 5 inch.............2 0 -ee ee ee eee eee ss Ge = ez Fe . ae Individual Butters, full measure, 3 inch .... ...- 2. -..eee eee e eee © 160 «2. 25 doz. : 4 te : Le 3 inch Round Scallops, full measure, 43% inch.............. -- a = each The Crockery shown on this page is the common * oe 4 inch Round Scallops, full Measure, 534 inch............----..+-- 56 .... -o8each || every day kind of Ironstone China used by ever < ee 5 inch Round Scallops, full measure, 6% inch.... .... -.--++--++-> 64 .... .10 each zg " ’ . Chi : " 7 y = ME ieecss es 6 inch Round Scallops, full measure, 7% inch............ - eae 8c .... .12 each || family, is black stamped on every piece, and war- 2 s eeu 7 inch Round Scallops, full measure, 84 inch...........-++--++++-- .96 .... 15 each . : oe 8 inch Round Scallops, full measure, 9% inch...........+.+- «+++: baa |. . | 2 each ranted never to craze. te eee 9 inch Round Scallops, full measure, 10% inch........----+-+-+++++ 1-92 +--+ +25 each = $ aa 10 inch Round Scallops, full measure, 11 inch..........------+----- PaO | oa = ee a 3 inch Meat Dishes, full measure, 64 inch.... ....... ee .48 4... .o6 eac ‘ : ! : a 4 inch Meat Dishes, full measure, 7% inch.........-..-+-+-+e++0+5 48 0. 06 —_ Keep up your stock by ordering from this list on 5 inch Meat Dishes, full measure, 8% inch...........--.--+-++++++ +52 +--+ 07 €ac and vou will do the greatest Crockery business this : .... 6 inch Meat Dishes, full measure, 9 inch........ ..----++eeeeeeeee 56 .... .08 each y ’ : ' 8 em , = } ee 7 inch Meat Dishes, full measure, 10% inch..............-- ++-e-- .64 .... .10 each || fall ever done in your town. You can meet all com- fe seus 8 inch Meat Dishes, full measure, 11% inch... ......-- ...---+--- 80 ... .12 each a ¥ Aa g inch Meat Dishes, full measure, 12} inch........------++++ +--+: .96 .... .15 each |} petition by buying here. 2 ee 10 inch Meat Dishes, full measure, 13% inch............-----+--+5 1.44 .... 25 each aaa ® Se 12 inch Meat Dishes, full measure, 15% inch............-.e0e0--+> 2.40 ... .35 each S 3 ........ 14 inch Meat Dishes, full measnre, 18 inch... .....--+-+++++ + e-e- 3-36... .Secact Packages are charged at exact cost in accordance ? ee 16 inch Meat Dishes, full measure, 19% inch.............--+-+-++-- 5-28 1... .75 each : < Sale aiid ote 3 inch Bakers, full measure, 534 PCR ee ‘6 2... LOF each with the Crockery trade everywhere. ae 4 inch Bakers, full measure, 6% inch..........-.---0+-+2+eeeee eee -56 .... .08 eac $ eo 5 inch Bakers, full measure, 7% inch....... ee ee eee ie 64 .... .10 each we et oe 6 inch Bakers, full measure, 8 inch..........-....-22-0eeee2--0+++ -80 1... «12 each i i oe 7 inch Bakers, full measure, 9 inch..........+-.2-+++e-eeeeeeeeeees 1060 2... «18 each » : ee 8 inch Bakers, full measure, 10 inch........--.---- eeeee eee eens 1.44... .20 each Special Notice de inch Bakers, full measure, II inch........ 2... +--+ eee eeee eres EQ2 .... 1.28 each i : at Se De ee ee ue as eae We hope you are arranging to come to the State ' Se ee ee ee ON ce emeky i . oe " : Ba ec cn og bee etc oat ower eae “a. aes Fair, to be held in this city Sept. 26-30, and that you ep @unch @oavesed @ASSCFOlES 6 cee 42) 68 each : it a special point to come and look over our % SL Covered Butters and Drainers. ..............-- eee ee eee eee eee 2.88 .... .40 each will make i =? Pp ‘ : : 3 Dae ee No. 42 Pitchers, size 1% pint eles bil ose 4s cele 6-6 «- sl ecieceg side wile « .69 _... .10 each many lines of profit-making merchandise. It will pay ee No. 36 Pitchers, size 2 pint............---+---- BS Seat oa aes 80 .... .12 each : ee No. 30 Pitchers, size 3 pint........ ...-..+-- ee ea 6 .1s each || you. You can select enough goods from our stock * oe No. 24 Pitchers, size 4 pint..............0- eee eee cee eee eee eee ees LIZ 2... .20 each i ; i » ; : a No. 12 Pitchers, size 6 pint...............2 02s eee eee ee 1.92 .. .25 each alone to add a very nice profit to your year’s business. * Soe Covered Sugars ..... 2-0... -- seer erect cece rte eee reese --+++++ 2.16 .... .30 each || Our full force of ten salesmen on the floor. 4 < a a No. 36 Bowls, size I pint... ......---- eee e eee eee cette eee 54 .... .08 each » a No. 30 Bowls, size 1% pint Se ee .64 .... «fo each et se * ES Be No. 24 Bowls, size2% pint ............0 cee cee eee eee ee eee 80 .... .12 each : : 2 < ne odin) ate fot No, 30 Oyster Bowls, footed, size I pint ot lias car and ui clase slio ai aie a oe oi 0.___ One of the great griefs that come with a bad cold is the necessity of listening to everybody who has a sure cure for a cold. In the meantime the cold keeps on until it runs its course, MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 23 PRS 2 ORI 2 IA BEN ee VOI 2 GENS FREE! GIVEN AWAY! } ( (« SOLID NICKELED CASE CASH REGISTER DETAILED SELF-ADDING. TO THE TRADE: With 1,000 of our best five-cent cigars at $39 oo per M., we will send free a solid nickeled case, detailed Self-Adder Cash Register, equal to registers heretofore sold for $175.00 and upwards. The cigars are equal to any five-cent cigar on the market. Terms: thirty days, less 2 per cent. ten days. e e Description of Cash Register Size, 21 inches high, 17 inches deep and 19 inches wide. Weight,S5 pounds. Solid nickel case of handsome S design. Tablets display from both front and rear. The money drawer is highly polished inside. Both the ex- é) terior and interior of this machine are the best that can be produced. Warranted for five years. All the work is oF done on wheels, and it sets to zero with a key ina moment’s time. The tablets are large and conspicuous--a black _ figure on a white enameled background. We have two styles of keyboards. When ordering please state if you St use penny keys or whether five cents is the lowest denomination you use. Ssy4 This is a stupendous offer, and many who read this advertisement will be incredulous. Pa, Do not be influenced by agents of high-priced registers, but send for one of our registers and 1,000 cigars at 4 Fy ; Oat ; ; Auyhy $39.00. Then compare and JUDGE FOR youRSELF, and if register is not equal to the best in style, finish and utility, return it to us. We assure you that everything is as represented. Very respectfully, DETROIT TOBACCO CO., Detroit, Mich. ORDER BLANK. Detroit Tobacco Co., Detroit, Mich. Terms: Ship as soon as possible $19.50, 30 days 1,000 cigars at $39.00 per thousand, $19.50, 60 days including 1 cash register. — $39.00. SS If goods do not suit, I agree to return same to you on or before seven To any responsible merchant in the Bnited States we will ship days from date they are received from transportation company. OUR GUARANTEE both pee and cigars on seven days’ trial. If the cigars are not If goods are retained after above mentioned time, it shall constitute the satisfactory or you do not consider the register equal to any that the National Cash Register Co. of acceptance of same, and I will remit as per above terms. Dayton, Ohio, sell for $175.00, you can return both register and cigars to us. Signature of purchaser...... 02-22. 0-eee reece ee eee ee cee teeter cree eens Remember, $39.00 includes both the cash register and the cigars. Why pay $175.00 for a cash register when you can get one FREE? : Gr ee eae Sign and return the order blank and the goods will go promptly forward on seven days’ trial. If you i do not find the cigars equal to any five-ceut cigar in the market, and do not consider the register equal to County... State any that the ‘National’? Company sell for $175.00, send the goods back to us as per above terms. Rus 2h hl Nite Hw Nie Are You Ready to Surrender Your Old Scales and Quit This Fighting Against Such Terrible Odds? You can’t compete with your neighbors if they are using modern methods and you are using poor ones. The world hooted at Uncle Sam using so much powder in developing the “bump” of “location” of his gunners, but we all know the result. Some have smiled at US for keeping up a continual fire on old pound and ounce scales, but after they have all surrendered to our MONEY WEIGHT SYSTEM and the loose methods of doing business are driven out of their stores, they will see the wisdom and strength of our attack. j NT Fel’ Kort 7|6 7]5 we S| ~~-f CUBA, OUR SISTER REPUBLIC (2) OF| MEXICO s% ae ce Discovered by Columbus, 1492 ms eae S es ~ Colonized by his son Diego, who tounded Havana in 1519. : pO eel wee 5 pen ooo | AL oe Population, 1,700,000. Population of Havana, 250,000. loa = ad — Fae a aire Area, 41,655 Square Miles. “4 a” | HESS TR | OHAV . * Sst ag National Debt, $341,737,000. ~ A eee. Ve be Has 1,200 Miles of Railway and 2,300 Miles 3 nian a e +e of Telegraph lines. ae 2s - 2 SS SR i Declared Free — ss = a? enone by Act of U.S. Congress : TA LA st °Y “April 19, 1898. 2G BS wer & ts 22 g 7 ISLA g si \ “ Sori : Ps OE OTS PINOS eS 20 , > i 2 I I aS & & hoe : y First in War, First in Peace, and First r «J LV in the Hearts of the Merchants. . : Yours for success, 28, The Computing Scale Co., Dayton, Ohio. AED Dewey and Schley had the advantage in the battles of Manila and Santiago because they used modern methods. Your competitor who is using the MONEY WEIGHT SYSTEM has a greater advantage over you. : CUBA was settled over 100 years before Massachusetts and is richer in natural resources, but who could compare them? Cuba is now to take a taste of liberty and methods which are up to the times. HOW ABOUT YOU? . We hope to see you coming into our ranks, as it can be a surrender WITH HONOR. Yours for success, THE COMPUTING SCALE CO., Dayton, Ohio. 24 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN SEED TRADE. Desirability of Dealing With Reputable Houses. In commenting on the seed trade, I would call particular attention to the fact that the seed business is a very pe- culiar business. Itis unlike other lines of trade in many respects. A man, to be successful in the seed business, must grow up with it. He must give his thought and attention to its every detail. He must take both the ups and downs cheerfully. A large percentage of our trade comes to us from those who have confidence in our ability as seed mer- chants. This is characteristic through- out the United States. If a customer is going to purchase a cookstove or a set of furniture, he can examine it and tell pretty closely its actual value. It is the same with groceries and other such merchandise. But with seeds it is en- tirely different. Two samples of seeds may look alike, but their producing qualities may be entirely different. Therefore, when the country merchant buys a bill of seeds of his dealer, he re- lies largely upon the honesty and integ- rity of the particular house with which he is dealing. This particular feature of the seed business has shown itself more plainly during the last five years than I have ever noticed since I have been engaged in the trade. A few years ago there was a tendency upon the part of some whole- sale seed dealers to hammer down the price, regardless of the quality of seed they were offering; but it lasted for a short time only, and I am glad to say we find the country customer paying more attention to the quality to-day than he is to the price. The cutting of prices of two or three years ago was mainly due to the fact that there were large surplus stocks, many tons of which was undoubtedly of questionable character. It had a bad effect upon the seed trade throughout the United States and in consequence some of the largest houses went to the wall. Another reason for the demoralization of prices was the large stocks of seed grown by inexperienced growers who had an idea the seed-grow- ing business paid immense profits. Iam glad to say this state of affairs dces not exist to day; that the seed trade is _ get- ting in a healthy condition, and the prospect for next year’s business is bright. Situated as we are in Michigan, we have an advantage over some of our competitors in other states. Michigan is known from the Atlantic to the Pa- cific as being one of the best seed-pro- ducing states in the Union. Northern- grown seeds are most in demand, always having preference. There are very few seeds but can be produced in this State by exercising a little well-directed care. We do not, however, find it profitable to produce in this locality all the seeds that we offer for sale. There are some sections of the country where certain seeds can be grown to better advantage, both as to quality and price. It is the same with some foreign seeds, and we find it necessary to import some varie- ties of root seeds. But when it comes to the staples, such as peas, beans, sweet coin, onion seed, etc., they can be produced in Michigan to perfection. I regret I have not the time to go into this matter in detail, and can only give you an outline of the business. As stated above, the seed business is peculiar in many respects. Its success depends en- tirely upon the energy, honesty and cap- ital employed. There is no limit to the territory in which we operate. It is as easy to sell our seeds on the Atlantic Coast as it is on the shores of Lake Michigan. Our list of customers string out from Maine to California and from the Northern Peninsula of Michigan to the Gulf of Mexico. The seed-producer and the farmer or gardener’s interests are practically one. If we are success- ful in producing a choice quality of seeds it brings us new customers. This is the way a seed business grows, not by jumps and bounds but steadily. The man who engages in the seed business must give his life to it in order to be successful, and after he has built up a business of twenty or twenty-five years no power on earth can take it away from him. A man engaging in the seed trade will be apt to meet with many disap- pointments, but if he bangs to it he will invariably come out on top. Fortunes have been accumulated in the seed trade, but they do not come in a year or two—it is a business of a lifetime. ALFRED J. BROWN. 0 -~@ The New Woman and Her Checkbook. Ask the paying-teller of a leading bank how the modern woman transacts business in the institution where he is employed and most likely he wi'l tell you that she causes less trouble than a good many men. Asa matter of fact, there is hardly anything which shows the modern woman’s ability to take care of herself more than the way she handles a bank account and the number of her sex who are acquiring the pro- prietorship of one. A person has only to stand for a few minutes in one of the banks to have ocular demonstration of the change that is taking place in the complexion of its depositors. It is now the commonest thing to see a young woman gowned in the height of fashion, and looking as if the thought of anything more serious than a pink tea or a season of grand opera had never occurred to her, step up to one of the desks provided for the accommodation of customers, draw a checkbook from her reticule, coolly and collectedly gather up one of those ancient pens which have borne the weight of the fists of well-known financiers and write in the most nonchalant and accustomed manner a check for the amount she feels she will need. One can easily see that it is a com- plete departure from the old idea. She does not take out a crumpled check, after an infinite deal of fumbling in half a dozen places. She is not bound hand and foot by any unchangeable sum that some almoner of the opposite sex has decided upon. One may easily be quite certain of this, for she frequently gently bites the end of her pencil or pats her forehead with it while she puts the neat- est imaginable columns of figures on the reverse side of a blotter. But being wholly at liberty and upon her own resources does not worry her in the least. She is perfectly self-pos- sessed and peculiarly at ease in her sur- roundings. The comic paper writer's notion of a woman’s actions when she gets in a bank are shown to be thorough- ly inaccurate and a complete travesty on the truth. She does not go up to the receiving teller, book-keeper or president to get her checks cashed. She does-not indorse negotiable paper across the face or on the back an eighth of an inch from the top. On the contrary, she complies with whatever business forms there are in a manner that would en- dear her to the heart of the most me- thodical and finicky business man. And the best of it is that with all this nee she does not lose her femininity a bit. Corl, Knott & Co. IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF MILLINERY Our Fall and Winter stock is now complete, compris- ing a full and complete as- sortment of trimmed and untrimmed hats, including a large assortment of .# Walking Hats and Fedo- ras, Ribbons, Velvets, Vel- veteens, Ostrich and Fancy Feathers, Ornaments and Novelties. « During the month of September we will have on display from 500 to 1000 Pattern Hats, including the latest impor- tations. ¢ Our Hats are strictly practical; we have no others. ¢ Your orders are solicited. 2 2 2 & Corl, Knott & Co. 20 and 22 NORTH DIVISION ST. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. » LLOLHHHAALALA PA LAP HN QaggggggagggaggnaganagagnnnggnNnD De "Ds ___ Bs we ee MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Drug Business Nowadays and Fifteen Years Ago. Fifteen years of retail drug business is just within the scope of my memory —that’s all, for it was just about that long ago when I was appointed chief bottle washer in a small retail drug store where the proprietor did more of bluing and flavoring extract business than he aid in the professional line of a dispens- ing pharmacist. Idid not know a label from a pill tile by name when I “‘started in,’’ but in less than a year, with the princely salary of $1.50 per week, | thought I knew more about the business than the boss himself. It took me fully five years to discover that there is al- ways something to learn in a retail drug store. Men who have been in the busi- ness for thirty or forty years are the quickest to confess that they do not know it all. Fifteen years ago, in Grand Rapids, ‘‘cut rates’’ existed among the dealers in patent medicines, but just about that time, by aid of the leading retailers here—Peck Brothers, Wurzburg, Nichols, Wilson and Thum Bros,—the first suc- cessful organization was perfected, the Grand Rapids Pharmaceutical Associa- tion. This society was for eleven years the most solid and prosperous associa- tion in the United States, and many other cities pointed to it as being a model, one of which to take note. But the whirligig of time brings its changes and the long road found tts turn —the solid and friendly club of retail druggists began to waver a couple of years ago, then fell. Now, as regards associations and ‘‘cut prices,’’ we are again where we were fifteen years ago. I do not think a registered pharmacist gets any more salary to-day than a good dispensing clerk received fifteen years ago. A competent man was just as much in demand and bis pay was just as good in those days as it seems to be to- day; but certainly the public have re- - ceived better protection under the phar- macy law than they did before such a thing was in existence. There surely is a good thing in the pharmacy law of this and other states, but it benefits the public only; there's nothing like class legislation about the pharmacy law. It is doubtful whether there has been any less illegal traffic in the retail liquor part of the druggist’s business than heretofore. We hear of it quite as much as ever; but these saloon druggists are rare indeed in number when compared with the number of honorable and legit- imate pharmacists engaged in the pro- fession and doing strictly a law-comply- ing, commercial and dignified trade in all its branches. Commercially, a great many changes have taken place in the retail pharma- cist’s business during the bygone fifteen years; for instance, fifteen years ago we were obliged to use the war revenue stamp—now we are at it again. Trade has also changed; we used to sell large quantities of logwood, nicwood and other dye stuffs; now, especially in the cities, this has changed and package or aniline dyes have taken their place. A retail druggist used to do an im- mense trade in hairoil, cologne, family recipes, etc. This trade is not nearly as heavy now, but you will find this same druggist retaining his former vol- ume of trade by adding to his line sta- tionery, candy and ice cream soda. The buying of such sundries as syringes, perfumes and face powders is on longer confined exclusively to the drug store; this trade has drifted in all directions—from the dry goods depart- ment store to the barber shop. Notwithstanding the many changes, the retail druggist to-day is as prosper- ous as he ever was. He has kept up with the procession, and pretty well to the front attbat. To-day the finest stores in the country are drug stores. And the pharmacist has the distinction of be- ing in the only business in which one is at once a professional man and _trades- man. Scientifically, pharmacy has made rapid and wonderful progress and the discoveries by the chemists of this and other countries would make a long list, even if no attempt were made at de- scription. Some of the important ones on the list would be the coal tar prod- ucts aS now used in medicine, anti- pyrine, acetanilid, etc, ; then cocaine, also the various antitoxins, and the manufacture of liquid carbonic acid gas for commercial use. B, SCHROUDER. — ee eee No Progress in Fifteen Years in the Creamery Business. Nashville, July 28—It is my desire to extend thanks for the favor and compli- ment you confer upon me by the request you make of me. I also desire to ex- plain to you why I deem it an impossi- bility to respond. From our observation we are inclined to believe that there has been no real progress in the butter business in the past fifteen years, at least so far as the Creamery and dairy are concerned. It is true that there has been some prog- ress in machinery and appliances for handling the product, but we fail to see how the hundreds of now defunct cream- eries have in any way aided in the work of progress. Neither do we see how the separator has aided, especially the man most interested, the dairyman or farm- er. The quality of the butter may be all right, and is with a good buttermaker, but the calves which are to produce the milk hereafter have been robbed and starved by the process. Weclaim that the whole system is wrong; that the butter should be made on the farm, where the calves can have the sweet skim milk and the pigs the sour milk and buttermilk. Hence, vou see, I am not the one to write an article for publi- cation on tbis subject. I have been in the business, one way and another, for twenty-eight years, and with my present opinion, I would hard- ly care to set forth my views on this subject, except in a discussion. The ‘‘theory fellows’’ of the day would jump on me hard, and the popular majority is with those chaps on nearly all sub- jects in this age. We are in the business and have, by hard work, made it a success for our- selves and, so far as possible, for all concerned ; but we are forced to observe that oleo, butterine and process butter are keeping a steady march to the front, and, with an increased demand for the above products from the‘ dear people,’’ why should their progress be retarded? We were persuaded into the business by ‘‘creamery sharks,’’ but by close study of the business and a gradual re- duction of expenses we have no cause to regret our venture from a financial view. We added cold storage to our plant the second year and in various ways have made the whole business a fair and profitable one. C. W. SMITH. —_—___> 2. ______ An Unequaled Dining Car Service. Have you had dinner or supper on one of the Dining Cars running on the Grand Trunk Railway through trains between Chicago and Eastern points? If not, it would be worth your while to make a note of this service, and take the first opportunity you can avail your- self of a treat. Mr. Lea, who for years has been with the Windsor Hotel, Montreal, is now connected with this service, and travelers can rely on a re- fined cuisine, excellent service, and a liberal table. It takes about four generations of riches to produce a boy without freckles. S S Ship us your } 2 S ame, kur, Potatoes. Green and Dried Fruit We have a No. 1 location and a large Or anything you may have. trade and are fully prepared to place all shipments promptly at full market price and make prompt returns. If you have any apples do not dispose of them before corresponding with us. The crop is very short this season and there will be no low prices. Please let us hear from you on whatever you may have to ship or sell. COYNE BROS., COMMISSION MERCHANTS 161 S. WATER ST., CHICAGO. et REFERENCES: Wm. M. Hoyt Co , Wholesale Grocers, Chicago. W. J. Quan & Co., Wholesale Grocers, Chicago. “Chicago Produce,” Chicago. Bradstreet’s and Dun’s Agencies. Hibernian Banking Association, Chicago. BANKERS: Merchants’ National Bank, Chicago, ..) ..) =~ =~ ..) ..) = ..) =| ..) 2 ~. Butter, kegs, Poultry, Veal, Hides, Beans, ... 26 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT. How Facilities Have Increased and Rates Decreased. Compliance with your request for an article on railroads presents greater difficulties than would be at first im- agined. In the first place, the subject is a vast one and the field broad, and the diffi- culty will be to localize the subject and not say too much, and make interest- ing an article without trying the patience of your readers with a bewildering array of statistics and figures not easily com- prehened by the average reader. On the other hand, the subject con- fined to the railroads of Grand Rapids, or even to Michigan, during the past fifteen years would give but a poor idea of the great value railroads bear to every branch of trade and would fail to make known the complete revolution in busi- ness methods the introduction and use of railroads has brought about in a marvelously short period of time. ably corn and other grain enough to supply the world’s markets, instead of using it for fuel, as formerly. It was in 1869, less than thirty years ago, that the first railroad was com- pleted trom the Missouri River at Omaha to the Pacific Coast. Think of the Kansas City and Omaha of to-day, flourishing cities of nearly 200,000 pop- ulation each, with the latter city's Trans Mississippi Exposition, in com- parison with the mere hamlets or places for steamboats to land, as they were then! Since that time four or five other lines of railroads have been built to the Pacific Coast, with branches radiating in all directions north and south, mak- ing it possible for a steady stream of settlers to travel from the Eastern to the Western States, which flowed first across the Mississippi and then across the Missouri Rivers until the fertile prairies have been occupied up to the margin of the sage bush deserts (for there are real deserts in the West, but not where our There are yet in our city and State nu- | first geographies located them) and the merous readers of your paper who could | seemingly impenetrable barriers to rail- recount their experiences of a day’s journey in the clumsy stage coach, bumping over the corduroy and plank road between Grand Rapids and Kala- mazoo, now less than an hour’s ride, or who could tell you of the three or four days’ time it took to bring goods from Detroit to Grand Rapids at a cost of $1 to $1.50 per Ioo pounds, which can now be done in three or four hours at a_ cost as low as 9 cents per 100 pounds, vary- ing according to classification. The product of Grand Rapids facto- ries is being daily shipped to points be- yond the Missouri River, which the geography of some of your readers not many years ago described as ‘‘The Great American Desert,’’ and the few straggling settlements then in that un- known section fortunate enough to evade the tomahawk and scalping knife of the savage Indian are now, by the aid of railroads, producing and shipping profit- road building, the Rocky Mountains, have been pierced and girded by trunk lines of railroad, making great commer- cial highways from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans, with through passenger trains equipped in luxurious style, sched- uled at high rate of speed, covering the distance in from four to six days, which formerly took from four to six months in the covered wagon or ‘‘prairie schooner.’ Our fellow townsman, the late General W. P. Innes, who was Railroad Com- missioner for Michigan in 1883, when your paper started, in his report for that year, gives a table showing the yearly progress of railroad construction in Michigan from 1838 to 1882, showing the number of miles in operation to be as follows: J The Leading Music House of Western Michigan. Julius A. J. Friedrich 30 and 32 Canal Street, Grand Rapids, Mich. DEALER IN A. B. Chase, Hazelton, Fischer, Franklin, Ludwig, Kingsbury and other PIANOS A. B. Chase and Ann Arbor Organs A full assortment of Sheet Music and Musical Merch=ndise. thing in the music line at lowest prices. Cata- logues sent free on application. Every- t Y_4~ 4A 4 4A 4 4A 4. SS OY eH. = < © se D w= of your orders and see how quick we bite. a) Prices Cut To Fine Margins. MORMAN & CO. GRAND RAPIDS, IICH. - we — = S. A. 25 CANAL STREET, The Oldest Lime and Cement House in the State. MARBLEHEAD OHIO WHITE PETOSKEY LIME We handle all the best brands: PORTLAND CEMENTS, STUCCO, HAIR, FIRE BRICK AND CLAY, LOUISVILLE, MILWAUKEE AND AKRON CEMENT, PATENT PLASTER, AND SEWER PIPE. PFS SEE OOOO OOOO ALL KINDS ro F S.A-MORMAN & CO. a ON a OT ee MT OC RL NL NRE NOME Pe eo a MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 27 Reports since show the mileage to have increased as follows: Te es ed 6,957 BOQ Sie eee ee ccmoaeieieccc ce 7,609 From the foregoing it will be noticed that the mileage of railroads in Michi- gan has nearly doubled since the Trades- man commenced its career, fifteen years ago. Grand Rapids, sharing in the in- creased volume of business due to the addition of new territory tributary, by reasor of this increased mileage of rail- roads, can point to her many new and substantial business blocks and manu- factories as one result. Few persons realize what a mighty distributing agency for money railroads are. It is true they collect large sums, but they also pay out or distribute in the community vast sums for wages to the laboring man and for supplies from the merchants. It may surprise some of your readers to know that one railroad in Grand Rapids purchases from local dealers in the neighborhood of $100,000 worth of supplies per year, or $1,500,000 for the period covered by the Tradesman’s existence, and this is but a trifle when compared with the money this one road has distributed among the laboring men of your city—$600,000 per year or $9,000, 000 for fifteen years. Adding to these sums the money distributed yearly by all of the railroads centering in Grand Rapids will increase the sum to an amount few of our citizens realize. The railroads are, indeed, the great disbursing agencies of the country, ex- pending in a year a sum more than $100,000,00c in excess of the total ex- penditures of the United States Govern- ment, and this computation does not in- clude what is paid for interest on bonds or dividends on stock. Railroads, as a rule, do not keep large bank balances, disbursing nearly all they receive, doing practically a cash business, turning money rapidly. It was estimated by a scientific paper recently that the average annual expense of railroads of the United States in maintaining the condition of their road beds is $75,000,000; not including the purchase of rails and ties, $35,000,000 ; construction of new bridges, $15,000, - oov; fences, sign boards, signals and watch towers, $3,500,000; printing and advertising, $8,500,000; legal expenses and settlement for injuries, $15,000,000, and, last but not least, taxes, $40,000, - ooo. This division of expenses does not include the much larger sums paid for wages of employes, for engines, for cars and for terminals. About 800,000 men are directly em- ployed in railroad work in the United States, classified as 100,000 station men, 35,000 engineers, 40,000 foremen and helpers, 25,000 conductors and de- spatchers, 65,000 trainmmen, 45,000 switchmen, flagmen and watchers, 20,- ooo telegraph operators and _ helpers, 30,000 machinists, 100,000 shopmen other than machinists and 200,000 track- men, with a daily pay roll of about two million of dollars! The railroads of Michigan employ be- tween forty and fifty thousand men and pay to the State Treasurer in taxes about eight or nine hundred thousand dollars yearly. Railroad construction in this country, as elsewhere, began witb short local lines and numerous separate compa- nies, requiring long delays, with frequent change of cars and with higher rates, both for passengers and freight, which are now avoided by the era of consolida- tion which has been steadily going on and will continue until most of the rail- roads are combined into great systems. This may alarm the average state legis- lator and afford the political demagcgue an oppportunity to make an_ outcry against monopolies, trusts and com- bines, but the average traveler knows how cheap and at the same time how comfortable passenger travel has be- come, and every shipper of freight knows by experience that the prices at which it is carried now are but a small fraction of what he ence paid, and would not like to see a return to the numerous little lines of a few yearsago. It is un- deniable that no further reductions could be made by returning to former condi- tions. It would be instructive, did space permit, to show in detail the many economies effected in the administration and operation of railroads, which have greatly increased the efficiency of rail- road service. When most of the roads were built, current rates of interest on their bonds were 7 and 8 per cent. and the bonds often sold at a discount, making a much higher rate. Now railroads in good credit can borrow at 3 and 4 per cent. Among the more important causes which enable railroads to give enhanced profits to patrons, if not to the owners of railroad securities, are increased traffic, although at reduced rates, the substitution of steel rails for 1ron, heav- ier rails, larger locomotives and larger cars. A valuable pamphlet or bulletin just issued from the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, entitled ‘‘Changes in the Rates of Charge for Railway and other Transportation Services,’’ which I commend to those who continually op- pose fair legislation for railroads, gives tables to show that when the Tradesman started in 1883 the average number of tons carried one mile per mile run by freight trains was 137.55 tons. This was increased in 1890 to 175.12 tons and in 1896 to 198.81 tons; and reducing the average charge per ton in 1867 from $1.69 to $1.03 in 1896; and per ton mile from .1925 cents to .o806 cents. In other words, from two cents to eight mills per ton mile. Passenger business curi- ously shows a contrary result. The number of passengers carried one mile per mile operated in 1867 was 135,744, which decreased in 1896 to 71,705, while the average revenue from each passenger per mile increased from .01994 cents in 1867 to .o2019 cents in 1896. The tables also show that the de- cline in freight rates for the period named has been 23 per cent. greater than the decline in the price of wheat and 12 per cent. greater than in the price of hay. To bring this reduction in rates nearer home to your readers, | give some comparisons to show results to Grand Rapids shippers and receivers of freight. The methods of making rates and classification of freights are in much better condition than they were fifteen years ago. In 1883 class and lumber rates from Grand Rapids to New York were $1, .85, .70, .60, .50, .45 cents for the six classes and lumber 4o cents per cwt. Now they are .72, .62%, .48, .334%4, .29, .24 and .22 cents, with cor- responding rates from New York to Grand Rapids In 1884 class rates from Grand Rapids to Chicago were . 40, .30, .20, .15, .12, .0g cents, Now they are by rail .31%, .27, .21%, .14, .11}%4, .09 cents; railand lake, 26%, .23, .18, .13, .09%, .o8 cents. In 1884 to East St. Louis .60, .50, .40, .25, .20, .18 cents. Now they are .43, .3634, .2734, .19, .16, .13 cents. In 1884 to Pittsburgh .55, .473%4, .37%, -323%4, .27%4, .25 cents. Now they are .44%, .3834, .29, .20%, .17%, .14% cents. Rates on coal from Pennsy]- vania, Virginia, Ohio and Indiana mines to Grand Rapids have been re- duced during the period named about 30 per cent. Lumber rates from Grand Rapids and Northern Michigan points have been reduced about 20 per cent. Plaster rates from Grand Rapids have been reduced about 27 per cent. ; to New Orleans and Southern points about 30 per cent. ; to the Pacific Coast terminal points from 5 to 40 per cent., and in the territory bounded west by the Mississippi River,south by the Ohio River and east by a line through Buffalo, Pittsburgh and Wheeling the reduction has been 25 per cent. in freight rates. While I do not want to be considered as opposing deep water navigation for Grand River—on the contrary, I favor it, for, if it brings increase of business, the railroads of Grand Rapids will get their share of such increase—yet the above comparisons, showing the many advantages which Grand Rapids enjoys and the progress achieved through her railroads alone, should be borne in mind. W. R. SHELBY. Wheels! Wheels: While you are buying wheels, do not neglect the GROCERS’ SAFETY No. 1 Cross Spring Delivery Wagon Body, 6 ft.6in. Width, 2ft.7in. Depth, 7 in. Capacity, 1,000 pounds. collar, steel axles. Price, $28. Patent wheels, double a) SZ Three Spring Delivery Wagon Made in Two Sizes. No. 1. Body, 6ft.6in. Width, 31in. Capacity, 600 to Soo pounds. Drop end gate. Price, $34. No. 2. Body, 7 ft. Width, 3 ft. Depth, Sin. Capacity, 1,200 to 1,500 pounds. Body, hardwood. Price, $36. 4 eae lad - ay Full Platform Spring Delivery Wagon No. 1. 1% Concord Steel Axles. 1% tread Sarven patent wheels. Oil tempered spring, 14-4 and 5 leaf. Body, 9 ft. Capacity, 1,500 to 1,800 pounds. Hand made and fully warranted drop tail gate. Price, $50. No. 2. 1% Concord steel axles. 1% tread Sarven patent wheels. Oil tempered springs, 1%4-5 and 6 leaf. Body,y ft. Capacity, 1,800 to 2,500 pounds. Drop tail gate. Price, #55. Here’s the wagons and here’s your prices! Take your choice! Full value in each wagon for the money ! ° SHERWOOD HALL Successor to Brown, Hall & Co. Manufacturer of BUGGIES, WAGONS AND HARNESS GRAND RAPIDS. 28 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN TRUST COMPANIES. Their Growth Sufficient Testimony to Their Usefulness. There is not a very accurate under- Standing, among people generally, con- cerning the nature of trust companies and the character of the business done by them. This is true, not because they have not advertised their business, but principally for the reason that trust companies in Michigan have been in operation for but a short time, less than a decade. The Michigan Trust Company of Grand Rapids is the pioneer in the business, having been incorporated in July, 1889. The Union Trust Company of Detroit was organized in October, 1891, and the Peninsular Trust Company of Grand Rapids commenced doing a trust business in July, 1894. These are the only trust companies in the State of Michigan. In the preparation of a paper to be read before the trust company section of the American Bankers’ Association at Detroit last August, the writer had occasion to apply to the secretaries of state of all of the states for copies of the laws relating to trust companies. From several of the states copies of the Statutes regulating pools, trusts and un- lawful combinations in restraint of trade were received. Thesecretaries of those States seemed to have but a slight concep- tion of the nature of a trust company. When the error was called to the atten- tion of the proper officer in one of the States, the matter was referred to the =zt- torney general, who wrote that a thorough search of the laws had been made and no statutes relating to trust companies could be found, and, in fact, the only trust company doing business in his state was the Standard Oil Company. This is, of course, an extreme instance of ignorance of the nature of trust com- panies. There are, however, even in Michi- gan, people who confuse trust com- panies with monopolies and trusts, but the most casual acquaintance with the business of trust companies corrects such an impression. The word ‘‘trust,’’ with the odium of ‘coal barons,’’ oil magnates and ‘‘sugar kings’’ which at- taches to it, is, perhaps, an unfortunate part of the designation of trust com- panies. It is, however, a more correct description of the business of trust com- panies than of pools, unlawful combi- nations and monopolies. It is a mis- nomer when used to designate the latter. The title ‘‘trust company’ has also been misused and abused by corpora- tions which have not been entitled to employ it—misused when assumed by companies doing nothing but a banking business, and abused by corporations, chiefly in the Western States, which have transacted a business entirely in farm mortgages, have failed and in- volved hundreds of people in ruin. None of these is a trust company, strict- ly speaking, but they have all contrib- uted to mislead people as to the character of the business of the real trust company. A trust company is a corporation which transacts a trust business ; that is, which acts in a fiduciary capacity. It is entrusted with the property or other interests of individuals and cor- porations and is selected because of the confidence which is reposed in it. It is absolutely impossible for it to commit the acts of fraud and dishonesty which are commonly attributed, whether justly or not, to ‘‘trusts,’’ in the monopolistic sense in which that word is used, and it is improbable that it will attempt to execute its trusts with anything but hon- esty and faithfulness. If it should do otherwise, it would be forced to discontinue business in a day. The basis of success in the management of a trust company rests upon the confi- dence of the public in its efficiency and integrity ; when once that confidence is shaken, the company may as well go out of business. Therefore, stories or ru- mors reflecting upon the honesty or in- tegrity of the officers and directors of real trust companies may be stamped as untrue, because from the standpoint of business success alone (even although the officers and directors are unreliable) the management of a trust company can not afford to do any act which might savor of irregularity. All of these things are emphasized because the writer desires the reader to have a correct conception of the nature of a trust company as constituted not 6. As receiver of property or the business of corporations and individuals, 7. As assignee of insolvent estates. 8. As guardian of minors, incompe- tent and intemperate persons, and spendthrifts. g. As trustee under wills. The trust company in Michigan may also: 1o. Loan money upon real estate and collateral security. 11. Invest moneys for others in all kinds of lawful securities. 12, Receive all kinds of valuable property on _ safe deposit, maintain safety deposit vaults and rent safes and boxes therein. 13. Hold securities, agreements, etc., in escrow. 14. Act as surety on bonds. 15. Guarantee and insure titles. Trust companies are business con- cerns organized to do, in a_ thorough and businesslike manner, the work only in Michigan, but in a number of other states also. Under the Michigan taw, the trust company is limited to the transaction of a trust business, and it is expressly pro- hibited from exercising the functions of a bank. It can act in the following Capacities: 1, As trustee under private agree- ment with individuals or corporations for any lawful purpose. 2. As agent or attorney for the trans- action of business, the management of estates, the collection of rents, interest, dividends, mortgages, bonds, bills, notes and securities generally. 3. Ass registrar and transfer agent for the purpose of issuing, negotiating, reg- istering, transferring or countersigning the certificates of stock, bonds, or other obligations of any corporation, associa- tion or municipality, and to Manage any sinking fund. 4. As executor of wills. 5. As administrator of estates, which has heretofore been imposed up- on individuals, usually friends and rel- atives. It is not a competitor of any- one. The transaction of trust business by a company incorporated for that pur- pose began only a few years ago. In- dividuals have hitherto performed the duties’ of trustee, as an acommodation to their friends and relatives. They have necessarily given to the execution of their trusts only such time and thought as they could spare from their own business. This has resulted in mis- takes, bad investments, in loss. occa- sioned by neglect, and, as a conse- quence, has given rise to a vast amount of law relating to the powers, duties and responsibilities of trustees. It has also especially made it necessary for courts and legislatures to make rules of law and statutes limiting and regulating the character of investments made with trust funds, The organization of business concerns for the sole purpose of doing a trust dividuals. business is, therefore, a natural result of the demand for better business methods in the management of trusts of every character. The multiplicity of securi- ties nowadays; the number of invest- ments which are placed upon the mar- ket to delude investors ; the rapid fluc- tuations in the values of securities; the difficulty of discriminating between in- vestments of a speculative and of a stable character—these have all contrib- uted to make the investment of money and the management of estates a busi- ness in itself, one requiring a special training, knowledge and equipment. For these reasons, ‘ trust companies,’’ as they are known in Michigan, were called into existence. Experience has demonstrated that in- dividuals acting in trust capacities are likely to mingle their own funds with trust funds, not always, of course, with intent to defraud; that they often neg- lect the trust because they are absorbed in their own business; that they make poor investments because not familiar with the science of investing ; that they fail to make necessary accounting to the courts and to those entitled to re- ports; that they themselves and the sureties on their bonds may, by rapid and unexpected changes of fortune, be- come financially irresponsible ; that they may die, making the appointment of a successor necessary, thereby causing confusion ; that they may not be access- ible when wanted or needed; that they are likely to permit their feelings or near relationship to render them partial in the management of the trust. The trust company, on the other hand, always keeps the investments belonging to its trusts separate from its own prop- erty, all titles being taken in the name of the trust; it never neglects the man- agement of its trusts because it has no other business than that of caring for them; it is able to choose the best in- vestments, for its officers are skilled in the selection of securities, therefore the chance of loss from bad investments is reduced to a minimum ; long experience makes it familiar with all the laws reg- ulating the character of investments that can legally be made with trust funds; the company accounts regularly to the courts appointing it and to those entitled to statements; its accounts are prepared by experts and may be easily under- Stood ; it is always financially respon- sible, its capital stock, surplus, deposit of moneys or securities with the State Treasurer, the personal liability of stockholders, its frequent examination by the State Banking Commissioner, its bonded officers and employes—all afford ample protection for the property and interests of those who deal with it. It is a Corporation and therefore never dies; it bas but one policy, which always con- trols the management of the estate or trust; its office is always accessible; it is impartial because it has no personal bias or motive to do anything except that which is for the best interest of the trust and all concerned in it. It is a trite saying that ‘‘ Experience is the best teacher.’’ It will be readily observed that the trusts which are man- aged by a trust company receive not only the advantage of experienced su- pervision, but the added benefit of the thought and attention of several minds. Finally, trust companies are not ex- pensive; that is, their charges for serv- ices are no more than those made by in- On the contrary, it is true economy to utilize the services of a trust company in the management of a trust or estate. In the case of trusts by ap- MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 29 FIG G9 2020299999979 9090 25) e Lhe Old Natonal Bank Grand Rapids, Mich. Capital Stock : : i $ 800,000.00 Surplus - : ; 7 : 160,006.00 ! Undivided Profits : , - 35,000.00 Deposits i : -. . £,186.006.00 Officers: James M. Barnett, President. Willard Barnhart, Vice President. Flarvey |. Hollister, Cashier. Clay H!, FAlollister, Asst. Cashier, Durectors: James M. Barnett. Wm. Judson. Willard Barnhart. F. Loettgert. Jacob Cummer. £. G. Studley. Jos. H. Martin. L. H. Withey. W. R. Shelby. E. Crofton Fox. W. O. Hughart. Geo. C. Peirce. HT. J. Hollister. Gives especial attention to out of town accounts. Sells exchange upon all pots. Farticular care shown with collections. RINSING MICHIGAN TRADESMAIN pointment of courts, either the law or the court fixes the compensation of the trust company, and in the case of trusts created by frivate agreement, the com- pensation can be and always is fixed by the agreement itself. While a_ trust company can not receive more for its services than an individual, the trust reaps the benefit of the skill. and judg ment of the officers, directors ana em- ployes of the company. The trust com- pany is able to administer a large num- ber of trusts with equal economy and efficiency, because of the systematic manner in which it manages details through the machinery of its office. These same details ordinarily consume the largest portion of the time given by individuals to the management of trusts. The officers of the company and the chiefs of departmens are always enabled to give their time, attention and skill to the problems and the matters of pol- icy in the management of the estate. The rapidity with which the business of trust companies in Michigan has grown is sufficient testimony to their necessity and usefulness. RALPH STONE. ————_>_0 <> _____ The Propelling Force. The Scoffer—Why do _ missionaries make such great efforts to train the heathen to wearing clothes? Are dresses and bonnets a necessary part of reli- gion? The Missionary—No; but nothing makes a woman come to church regular- ly so well as knowing that the other women will be there in new bonnets. ————__~> 0. Appropriate Names for Twins. ‘*The Thompsons can’t decide what to name their twins.’’ ‘‘Well, if the twins resemble their other children, they should call one Vesuvius and the other Terror.’’ LAND PLASTER. Early History and Development of the Industry. PLASTER! PLASTER! The subscribers have now occupied their Plaster Mili on Plaster Creek, 2 miles south of this place, which is now in operation. They respectfully in- form the public that they have on hand at the mill, or at either of their stores at Ionia or this place, a constant supply. As the quality of the Grand Rap- ids plaster is not equalled by any in the United States, they hope to receive a share of patronage, as the price is less than it can be obtained for at any place in Michigan. Wheat, pork and most kinds of produce received in payment. GRANGER & BALL. Grand Rapids, December 21, 1841. This modest advertisement in the Grand River Times was the first com- mercial announcement of an industry which, next to the furniture industry, has helped most in the commercial develop- ment of the Valley City. Few citizens realize to-day the very important part the plaster industry played between 1840 and 1870 in widening the territory com- mercially tributary to Grand Rapids, and in hastening the introduction and increase of railroad transportation facil- ities. When white settlers first came to ‘*The Rapids’’ the Indians had large cornfields south of Fulton street on the west side of the river, extending south- ward to below where the Wallin tannery now stands. On the bank of the river, near the site of the stave factory, were Indian mounds, which were long after- ward explored and leveled. That was their headquarters. There were also large tracts of cleared land on the east side of the river, especially toward the mouth of Plaster Creek, where the ground was level and the soil rich. On the edge of a bluff overhanging Plaster Creek, south of where it is now crossed by Grandville avenue, in those early days there stood a lone pine tree. Beneath that tree was the only exposed outcropping of plaster rock in the State. When and how they learned it is not known, but the Indians knew of the value of plaster as a fertilizer and al- ways used it in considerable quantities on their cornfields. They had no mill or machinery for grinding the plaster, but beneath the ledge of rock, on the bank of the creek, were some large flat bluestone boulders and some smaller flat stones. To these flat rocks the plas- ter taken from the ledge was carried, and there pounded and pulverized so as to be used in fertilizing the Indian corn- fields. By 1838 the borings for salt had shown that there were quite extensive deposits of gypsum in the valley,and in that year Dr. Houghton, State Geologist, visited this part of the State and predicted a large commercial use of gypsum and gypsum products. Two veins or layers of plaster were found, except on tbe lowlands where the upper vein had apparently been washed away. The upper vein is seven feet thick, the lower one thirteen or fourteen feet. In the quarries into the hills on the west side of the river the lower vein only is quarried, the upper one being left, with the thinner layers of clay, slate and shale, for a roof. In the quar- ries on this side of the river the surface earth is stripped off, the plaster rock taken out and the excavation filled in. Granger & Ball began operating their mill, which was run by water power, in 1841, with rock taken from the upper, or seven foot vein, where it cropped out a dozen feet or more above the bed of the creek. Two years before this De Garmo Jones, who afterward built the octogon-cobblestone house on Butter- worth avenue, tried to manufacture land plaster on a commercial scale, but did not make a go of it. Granger & Ball got the land in the first place on a ten year lease. Henry R_ Williams, the first mayor of the city of Grand Rapids, soon assumed charge of the business, representing Mr. Granger, of Buffalo, N. Y. Mr. James A. Rumsey ran the mill and a man named Lockwood quar- ried the rock and delivered it to the mill. After four or five years of very successful business the upper vein of plaster gave out and in blasting to be- gin operations on the lower vein the quarry filled with water, from a vein beneath which had been opened by the blasting, and because of meager pump- ing facilities the work of quarrying be- came slow and expensive. At this time farmers drove here in the winter time, bringing large loads of produce with them generally, from all over the southern part of the State and even from Northern Indiana and Ohio, to buy land plaster as a fertilizer. For two winters the output of this quarry was not sufficient to meet the demand, and on account of this R. E. Butter- worth built a mill, also run by water power, on Butterworth avenue, just at the present west city limits, and began the manufacture of land plaster and stucco or calcined plaster. In the same year Mr. Rumsey made a contract with Mr. Williams to get out all the plaster rock he could grind at the mill and, by beginning a new excavation, so that he was less impeded by water, he succeeded in more than filling his contract, at the same time laying the basis for the for tune he has since accumulated. During this period, and for nearly ten years fol- lowing, the output of this mill was about forty tons a week, and the price for land plaster was from $4 to $5.50 THREE GOOD SELLERS FOR HARDWARE AND IFMIPLEMENT DEALERS. a The Ohio Pony Cutter The Economy Farmer’s Boiler and Feed Cooker The Kettles are of smooth, heavy cast iron. The furnace or jacket is of heavy, cold rolled steel, and very durable. We guarantee this Feed Cooker never to buckle or warp from the heat. It is de- signed to set on the ground, or stone foundation, and is especially adapted for cooking feed, trying out lard, making soap, scalding hogs and poultry, and all work of this nature. Made in four sizes— 40, 60, 70 and 100 gallon. Every well-to-do farmer should have one of these cookers. Write for prices to dealers. This cutter is for hand use only, and is a strong, light-running machine. It is adapted for cutting G Hay, Straw, and Corn fodder, and is suitable for parties keeping from one to four or five animals. There is only one size and it is made so it can be Gg knocked down and packed, ready for shipment— thus securing low freight rate. Has 1134 inch knife, and by very simple changes makes 4 lengths ¢ of cut. This machine is a very heavy seller. ‘‘Ohio’’ Standard No. 11 Feed Cutter It is adapted for cutting Hay, Straw, or Corn fodder, either by hand or power. It is especially strong and serviceable and very light running. The handle shown in the engraving fits on the knife shaft and adapts the machine for hand use. As a power machine itcan be driven by sweep or tread horse power, windmill or light engine. It is a good, all around machine and enjoys a very large sale. Length of knife, 11 inches. Steel’knife shaft, 134 inch diameter. Power required, one to two horse. M The above Feed Cutters shown are only two of a large family of the famous “Ohio” Cutters. Every wide-awake, progressive dealer who likes to handle first-class goods at a legitimate profit should write for catalogue showing full line “Ohio” Cutters, Shredders, Carriers, Grinders, A etc., together with net prices to dealers. We also handle Engines, Saw Mills, Hay Balers, Corn Huskers, Clover Hullers, Tread Powers and full line heavy machinery. Correspondence Solicited. eA DAMS & HART. GRAND RAPIDS. MICH. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN : 31 per ton, and of calcined plaster $3 to $4.50 per barrel. Mr. Rumsey began the manufacture of stucco in 1842. Cal- cining ground plaster is simply boiling the water of crystallization (about 20 per cent.) out of it. Todo this heavy ket- tles were used, three in a row over a hot fire, the ground plaster being stirred in the kettles with a stick —a very tedious and uncomfortable job. It was found that the Grand Rapids stucco could not compete with that made in New York City from Nova Scotia plaster rock, be- cause the Grand Rapids stucco set so much quicker than the Eastern product. This was found to be due to the fact that the boiling in the kettles here did not drive off all the water; that it was necessary to boil, cool and boil a second time, and then satisfactory results were not certain. Sothe stucco business lan- guished, but the land plaster business continued to thrive. The largest part of the product was shipped by boat to Grand Haven and thence to Detroit, which for years was the main distribu- ting point. But farmers from the west- ern half of the State and from Indiana continued to make their winter trips to ‘The Rapids,’’ and when the sleighing was good the daily sales at the Rumsey mill often ran up to sixty, eighty and one hundred tons. In 1849 Williams sold the original mill to E. B. Morgan & Co., for whom N. L. Avery was agent. Morgan & Co. were succeeded by Avery & Ca., the company consisting of Mr. Avery, Sarell Wood and B. B. Church. In 1857 Barney Burton bought an interest In 1864 Amos Rathbone, Geo. H. White and A. D. Rathbone purchased the property, and from them it passed into the hands of the present owners, the Anti-Kalsomine Company. The output of the Butterworth mill on the West Side from the start. was up- wards of 2,000 tons a year. In 1853 Robert E. Courtney and John Ball opened another mill half a mile below the Butterworth mill. The demand for land plaster continued strong, and the thousands of tons manufactured here, together with the fact that farmers were willing to haul it too miles or more, so that the actual cost to them was often upwards of $15 per ton, was one of the great inducements for the Detroit & Milwaukee Railway to build this way, as later the West Side mills were an important factor in the construction of what is now the Kalamazoo Division of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad. Among the sub-contractors on the D. & M. during its construction was Freeman Godfrey. From that work he took a contract for quarrying the plaster rock for the White & Rathbone mill. He became interested in the plaster industry, began boring at night on land nearer the river and, having sat- isfied himself that the plaster was there, in 1860 bought five acres of Patrick Mc- Gurrin (through a livery man _ who wanted it for a pasture), at the mouth of Plaster Creek, where the Godfrey mills now stand. He then went to Omaha. Buying a fractional quarter section along the river from George Mills, on his return he built the Flor- ence mills. A large part of the Godfrey quarry product, however, was shipped before it was ground, to smaller mills located at points on the D. & M. Rail- road and at Detroit. The cartage bills from the Godfrey mills to the D. & M. depot—a distance of about four miles— some years ran above $20,000. In 1855 the Butterworth mill was burned and the next year the property was sold to Hovey & Co, for $35,000, and afterward was reorganized as the Grand Rapids Plaster Co., with Deacon J. W. Converse as the principal stock- holder, and the capital increased to $75,000. The Ball-Courtney mill was sold to Taylor & McReynolds, and is now run by the Grand Rapids Gypsum Co. Early in the sixties the problem of calcining plaster so as to compete with the Eastern stucco received much atten- tion and John Ball and Freeman God- frey both went East, each independent of the other, to learn of the better proc- ess employed in New York. Mr. Ball, in a junk heap near the New York plas- ter works, discovered a discarded kettle which disclosed the secret, while Mr. Godfrey brought back with him one of the employes of the New York company. And since that time Grand Rapids stucco bas been a standard article. The farmers of Michigan, prior to 1875, were of one mind as to the value of land plaster as a fertilizer. Experiment after experiment showed its value beyond cavil. But since that time it has been used less and less. Just in what manner it acted as a fertilizer is not generally known, but whether its value is confined to newly broken soil, or whether after any soil has absorbed a certain amount of its fertilizing ingredients, and there- after will absorb no more, is not defi- nitely known, but it is certain that the use of land plaster as a fertilizer has been almost entirely given up, and this, with the opening of new plaster quarries in Iowa, Ohio, West Virginia and in Eastern Michigan, has left the local plaster companies in a position where there has been for some years practical- ly no profit left in the business. Some of the mills are shut down altogether and the rest are running only part time. As a direct result of the plaster busi- ness, there has grown up in Grand Rap- ids, during the past twenty years, an in- dustry which is dependent on and closely connected with it, one which has assumed such proportions of im- portance in its sphere as to be of inter- est to all who are concerned in the ad- vancement of the city as a productive center. The industry referred to is the manufacture and distribution,on a scale net elsewhere attempted, of improved wall coatings—material taking the place of and improving on the old-fashioned kalsomines and wall paper in producing artistic interior wall decorations. ALFRED D. RATHBONE. Why the Clerk Was So Honest. Lady (to clerk )—-Will these shoes hold their shape? Clerk—No, madam, they will run down at the heel, spread out over the sole, and, in fact, are a very inferior article. Lady—Why, young man, how honest you are! J thank you for telling me. It is not often that I find a clerk with such an elevated idea of honor, and— Clerk—It’s not that, lady; but the manager left me out when he raised the wages of the others to-day, and I’m try- ing to get quits with him. a How the Public Views It. ‘*Look here, I went into a drug store yesterday to buy a bottleof Liverine. I asked the druggist how much it was, and he said, ‘A dollar.’ I said: ‘Why, I got it here last week for 85 cents.” He said: ‘I know you did, but now we have to charge full price on account of the revenue law.’ I looked on the bot- tle and it had a 2-cent stamp. The Government got 2 cents and this drug- gist kept the extra 13 cents. What do you think of that?’’ ‘‘Well, that’s another one of the hor- rors of war.’’ a a] DA SASS) : B. J. REYNOLDS Wholesale and Retail CIGARS Ee Distributing Agent for PHONE 172. _ "THE BARRISTER The Leading 10 cts. Cigar. Little Barrister, 5 cts. Main Store, Cor. Monroe and Division Sts. COCR OBIS ‘ . F 3 - 6 a out Bee Sas be) # can OM, # CER ORES I make a specialty of Standard ™ in) we Popular Factory Brands \ ef and am the + aust largest distributor of the same in the State SEBO EROS REO eS fe) 2. # é at Ben + a, it pean teen es on ne aR Sepoabswmeraa ane 32 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN DRY GOODS TRADE. Graghic Description of the Changes in Prices and Fashions. After a mental survey of the dry goods industry in Grand Rapids for the past fifteen years, on which subject you have requested me to prepare an article for your anniversary edition, I have taken the liberty to encroach to some extent upov the territory assigned. It occurs to me that what I could say regarding the subject would only reiterate facts al- ready familiar to the active dry goods merchants of Michigan and the army of saiespeople employed in our stores. As our country has just emerged from the perils and anxieties of another war, with its glorious conquests in the cause of humanity, a comparison of to-day’s prices with those in vogue during the War of the Rebellion would prove inter- esting to the younger ‘‘knights of the yard stick,’’ as but few dry goods mer- chants who were engaged in business from 1861 to 1865 are still operating, the Spring Dry Goods Company being the only exception in Grand Rapids. It is true, however, that the past fif- teen years has brought radical changes in the methods and manner of dry goods retailing, and the merchants and their patrons have now a more intelligent understanding of each other’s needs and requirements; but some of tue methods now in vogue invite severe criticism. The strife for first place in the business arena often tempts the unscrupulous merchant to practice schemes for com- manding business as questionable and transparent as they are dishonest, yet as the old saying goes, ‘‘ There are fools born every minute.’’ Sooner or later these methods can but result in destroy- ing the confidence of the public. These modern innovations are quite in con- trast with the honest ways of half a cen- tury ago and are to be deplored as tend- ing to cheapen and injure the business of dry goods retailing —sowing tbe seeds of distrust and skepticism among the people. Should all merchandise be sold at a profit or should some staple article, worth four or five cents per yard, be offered for one day at one cent per yard, for the sole purpose of enticing customers into the store, thus sustaining a positive loss and at the same time hoodwinking the very people whose con- fidence and patronage it should be the duty of every honest merchant to estab- lish? Would it not be more honorable to mark and sell all merchandise at a uni- form profit, however small, rather than recover the loss on something else or levy the deficiency upon the next inno- cent victim? This is but one of the many ‘‘shrewd’’ schemes. which are practiced almost every week and which result in demoralization and create an unhealthy condition of business. As an example of conservative and successful dry goods retailing the Bon Marche in Paris is a momentous illus- tration. None of these questionable methods are ever employed, and not one single dollar’s worth of merchandise is sold on credit. Every article is marked in plain figures at a living profit and no deviation whatever is made, regardless of quantity purchased, as no discount is allowed to any one. The Bon Marche does a business upwards of $31,000,000 annually, and I understand that the methods of this world-famous empo- rium, the largest in the world, are being adopted generally in the larger cities of the East. Shopping under such condi- tions can only result in the greatest satisfaction to both merchant and patron, for where confidence exists skepticism, bantering, and the fear of being im- posed upon are unknown. INDIVIDUALITY LOST. Another dangerous element to the in- dustries of the country,also a product of the last few years, is the department store, and it remains to be seen what legislation will accomplish in its effort to correct this evil. It is not only the dry goods stores which are affected, but all branches of our commercial indus- tries. While thoroughly believing in the greatest good to the greatest num- ber, experience has not thus far shown any practical benefit derived from the department store idea. On the other hand, it has forced many of the smaller dealers to retire from business, thus rob- bing them of the means of supporting themselves and families. Exclusive dry goods stores are not medium by which the wares of the mer- chant are exploited to the world and_ is conducive of either good or bad results. Good advertising is a public educator, the powerful engine which drives the wheels of trade with increased momen- tum. But as employed by most mer- chants it has taught the people a few bad tricks, viz., to wait for cheap prices, for out-of-season sales, thus pre. venting the sale of merchandise which should be sold in season at a profit Although a fair per cent. of the peo- ple follow styles closely, swaying with every fashion breeze that blows, there are many who deny themselves the pleasures of first styles for the sake of the dollars they will save by waiting. No one but the merchant is responsible for this holding back, for he has educa- ted the public to the habit. Among other quéStionable methods are the cut- price sales. Seductive prices are pub- lished for one day in the week, while nearly so numerous as formerly, and the same wagcen that delivers your dress will also deliver your gruceries, cod fish and hardware, the sole purpose of the dealer being to sell anything that will turn a penny into his cash box. It is my opinion, based on observa- tion, that those merchants who depart from legitimate lines soon find their best- paying trade slipping away to the ex- clusive stores, where only dry goods is the study of the merchant. MODERN ADVERTISING. Never in the history of the world has so much attention been given to adver- tising as now, and page advertisements are everyday affairs. From a perusal of the great newspapers, it would almost seem that merchants have gone advertis- ing mad. Advertising, however, is a business proposition, and that large merchants expend thousands of dollars advertising year after year is ample proof that it pays to advertise. It is the those who come during the other five days are charged full price. Is this fair to the woman who receives her paper next day after the sale is over, or to Mrs. Brown who paid $20 for her coat while Mrs. Smith, at a bargain sale, purchased the identical garment for $13.98? But with all its evils the up-to- date merchant would as soon order his goods shipped by ox team from New York as to dispense with advertising. It is the medium which keeps his store in touch with the people. Unlike the old sign-board style, the best advertising of to-day tells something—conveys intel- ligence about goods and prices that every woman wants to know. When the reader has read it, she knows something more than ‘“‘John Smith, Dry Goods.’’ In early days the changing of an adver- tisement was an event which occurred once in three months, and to the news- paper even this was really a hardship. With good advertising the same adver- tisement never appears twice; original- ity of expression, new prices and sin- cerity invite the readers’ attention _I]- lustrative advertising has become very popular and the up-to-date advertise- ment writer must be an artist. It is a study all around, both with the writer of an advertisement and the man who handles the type. PERPLEXITIES. Speaking as one who has devoted half a century catering to the caprices of Fashion, that ever-changing and fickle goddess, to the exacting and discrimi- nating demands of women in matters of dress, I can truly state that the life of a dry goods merchant is not one of per- petual sunshine. He must be a reader of the future, must judge in the spring what will be fashionable and popular next fall, what will take best with his patrons. He must always bear in mind that, of all the women in the world, no two want the same dress rattern, cloak or bonnet. He must have them all different and still all beautiful. He must not forget that styles change three or four times in one short season—that certain styles are condemned every year, never to be resurrected. Take shawls for instance, who would have predicted that such a staple, comfortable and use- ful article would ever become unpop- ular? Can any one suggest what style of garment will be fashionable next sea- son? Thus the datly walk of a dry goods merchant is in a_ wilderness of uncer- tainty as to what the future will bring forth, and his continuous song is, ‘What will the harvest be?"’ CAPRICES OF WOMEN. Of the twenty thousand bonnets worn in Grand Rapids c n any two be found alike? If perchance on Sunday morn- ing, while attending divine worship, a lady discovers on the head of her fellow worshipper a hat or bonnet closely re- sembling her own in architectural de- sign, her first duty on Monday morning is a visit to the milliner’s. Her beauti- ful ‘‘dream’’ of a bonnet is shivered to its foundation and another is built on an entirely new and original plan—exclu- Siveness is everything in woman's ap- parel. To many women Fashion is their unbending goddess; they worship at the throne of this extravagant dame, adopt- ing whatever folly she may introduce. Contrast the close-titting dress sleeve of this season with those immense floais or balloons worn by the ladies two or three seasons ago. Would men ever be found adopting for their own use such outlandish dress innovations? All these perplexities and complications have been brought about within the past fif- teen years. Rivalry between merchants has forced them to extravagancies in many directions and it is only natural that the public should avail itself of the situation. Within the past fifteen years sample-gathering has become a mena- cing factor in the life and happiness of the dry goods merchant, and the exten to which it is carried on amounts to thousands of dollars’ expense to the larg er stores every year. The field is not confined te Grand Rapids alone, for every market in the East and West is worked by the sample-gatherers.. It is gratifying, however, to discover that when price comparisons are made the local stores furnish goods of same qual- ity, always much less in price than the foreign houses. For fear your readers may accuse me of being pessimistic I wish to say that I find no fault with the women. They have been encouraged and educ. ted by the merchants themselves through their oem oe > MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 33 ne EDSON, MOORE & CO. 194 TO 202 JEFFERSON AVENUE DETROIT, MICH. Importers and Jobbers of Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods, Underwear, Hosiery and Notions Manufacturers of Ladies’ Wrappers and Men’s Furnishing Goods Every Department offers complete lines of Seasonable Goods. Printed Fabrics from the well-known American Mills: AMERICAN PRINTING CO. WINDSOR MILLS PACIFIC MILLS ARNOLD MILLS WM. SIMPSON, SONS & CO. COCHECO MILLS HARMONY MILLS ALLEN MILLS STERLING MILLS And Others Outings, Domets and Cotton Flannels New designs in all kinds of Outings. The celebrated Sterling Fleeced Flannel and Sterling Outings are of unequaled value. Our stock of Hosiery, Underwear and Men’s Furnishings, bought direct from the best manufacturers, is the largest in the State. The Dress Goods Department Is showing newest styles in Black Crepons, Black and Colored Whipcords, Plaids, Wool Fancies, Poplins, Coverts, Soleils and Prunellas; also Silks, Velvets, Velveteens, Corduroys, Moreens, etc. All counts and weights in Bleached and Brown Cottons. Colored Cotton Goods of every description, including Denims, Tickings, Shirtings, Ginghams and Madras Cloths. Lining Department We carry in this department Cambrics, Silesias, Satines, Fast-Black Taffetas, Linen and Cotton Canvas, French and Amer- ican Haircloth, also Fancy Linings and Fancy Skirtings of the latest styles and newest effects, which are much in demand this season. Wool Flannels, Cottonades and Cassimeres. House-keeping Linens and White Goods. Crashes we carry in large variety to meet the demands of the trade. Blankets The largest variety of White, Colored and Fancy Cotton Blankets. The largest variety of Camp and Lumbermen’ s Blankets. The largest variety of White, Scarlet, Grey and Plaid Wool ae. Notion Department Our Notion Department is the largest in the State of Michigan. We are fully equipped to supply all the needs of the retail dry goods dealer at the lowest market rates. Mail Orders given special attention. EDSON, MOORE & CO. VEYA IB YA YA VEYA YA YAIR RT RI RE WEY OY 4Y4BL 4B YALA EL 435 BS SG hs Te Ls Ae Ah As Ae Ae As A As Ae Ah A A A A a Ah Mh Ae i i ' | ‘ toes Fn ohne gr 34 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN efforts to win patronage and excel each other. I am simply endeavoring to show what the evolution of time has ac- complished for the dry goods industry. SALESPEOPLE. There is a growing disposition among the dry goods stores to employ temale labor, although men of experience are usually found at the heads of the depart- ments. Nearly every lady has her fa- vorite clerk with whom she prefers to trade, and the clerk is often judged by the ‘‘pull’’ he or she may have with the public. Courtesy, intelligence and refinement are the essential elements in a good clerk, and there are many such in Grand Rapids. . WAR PRICES. The following quotations, taken from the dry goods market reports for August 27, 1864, show the inflated condition of prices during the war of the rebellion. These bulletins were sent out from day to day and were only guaranteed for twenty-four hours, as no one could anti- cipate a day in advance what condition the country would be in to-morrow. Upon the day these prices were quoted, notice was also given that goods were advancing every hour: PRINTS, WHOLESALE PRICES. Merrimac, per yard, net..... ........ $ .50 Sprague, per yard, pe 46 Indigo blue, per yard, eee 471% Turkey red, per yard, net............ 46 Shirtings, per yard, a -46 Americ: in, per yard, pet... 45 Duchess B. , perv ard, mee. 3 Wamsutta, per yard, net............. +39 Amoskeag, pink, per yard, net....... 43 London and Atlantic, per } yard, net. -43 GINGHAMS. Roanoke, per yard, net............... -40 Hampden, per yard, net.............. -40 Lancaster, per yard, net.............. 48% DELAINES. High colors, per yard, net............ -60 All wool, per yard, net.......... .... 85 APRON CHECKS. Hamilton, per yard, net.............. 45 Whittenden, per yard, net.. em 4 Star 4-2, per yard, net.. 0 Don’t Talk Loud. From Shoe and Leather Facts. The other day the writer saw a lady in a large shoe department in Philadel- phia inspecting some shoes of a pretty good grade that were in open drawers here and there about the place. The buyer for the department, whose busi- ness it was to make the price on the goods to be sold, had agreed with a salesman to make a special price on a certain pair of the shoes because the leather in the uppers bad evidently been burned in the tanning process, but had quality. Smoothness of manufacture is also an essential feature of excellence in quality. Time is fast showing that shingles disintegrate and rot faster than they wear out. The lesson is manifest that it is not economy to increase the size or thickness of shingles, inasmuch as the present thin shingle outwears its tendency to decay. In fact, the vogue is toward the employment of the 16-inch shingles in preference to the 18-inch, as the original 24-inch shingle was sup- planted by the 18-inch. For more than two decades has Mich- igan been the great shingle-producing section of the United States, and for quite a portion of that period and at the present time Grand Rapids is the mon- etary and business center of the vast in- dustry. No. statistics are available either of the Michigan shingle produc- tion or of the exact quantity manufac- tured and controlled by Grand Rapids operators, but it is safe to place the forgotten to say just what price it should be sold at. In the meantime, the lady referred to came in to buy the identical pair of shoes, and the salesman, instead of walking over to the buyer of the de- partment and asking him privately what special price he had concluded to make, sings out across the store so_that everybody can hear it, ‘‘Mrs. Jones wants to know what is the special price you will make her on _ this—they’re marked $2.’’ The shoes had _ been marked down from $3 to $2 already, so the buyer thoughtlessly called back, ‘*Sell that pair for $1.25,’ and numer- ous customers who were in the depart- ment at the time and overheard the conversation, not understanding the cir- cumstances, no doubt interpreted the matter incorrectly. Certain it is that it is absolutely necessary to watch your buyers and your clerks, if not yourself. Caution your subordinates to be cir- cumspect in their remarks to one an- other, and if they have anything to say to one another to say it privately, where it can not be misunderstood by people standing near. OIL, WHITE LEAD, VARNISHES BRUSHES Importer and Jobber of POLISHED PLATE WINDOW } ORNAMENTAL GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. f WILLIAM REID GLASS _—s We have the largest and most complete stock of Glass and Paint Goods in Western Michigan. ESTIMATES FURNISHED. ALL ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY. Distributing Agents for Michigan of HARRISON BROS. & CO.’S OIL COLORS, DRY COLORS, MIXED PAINTS, ETC. yO en e @ e @ e as well as others should realize the importance of giving their © e @ ® Sons and Paughters © @ Practical (usiness @dueation @ e at the ® e 4 ‘ ‘ . @ rand Pdapids fAusiness (Ghniversity ¢ @ and e @ . ee e Practical @rainiug Sehool @ e ©orner Pearl and Ottawa Streets. = @ flor Particulars call at office or write to e @ @. S. Parish, a @ Grand Rapids, Michigan. @ @ CQPOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLe® penned Se Seen toy sae ASE Re Fer ESS aS a aT ace 40 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN WHOLESALE GROCERY TRADE. Gradual Expansion and Growth of the Business. Fifteen years—almost half a genera- tion of business life—since the then lit- tle bark, the Michigan Tradesman, was launched upon the uncertain waves of public favor. It hardly seems possible it is so long since the proprietor came into our office to ask our views upon the prospective enterprise. One almost resents the rude awakening to the un- welcome fact that youth, with its glit- tering possibilities, has passed away for both the editor and the writer and that they are now away out upon the sea of life—so far the shore left such a_ short time ago looks dim in the mists of for- getfulness as the eye is turned back up- on it. But we have not been asked for rem- iniscences, but for a review of the wholesale grocery business durirg these years in our city; of progress made, or, perchance, a possible retrogression. It is well, in this age of push and unceas- ing activity, to occasionally stop and calmly look back over the past to con- sider its errors of judgment, that now seem so plain, and to note how irresist- ibly we have been borne onward by the unchanging laws of our busy business world. The review of the wholesale grocery business of Grand Rapids, during that time, seems at first thought no difficult task, yet, as we endeavor to live over again the experiences of these years in our line of business, the work assigned us assumes large proportions; not as to space, but as to data of interest to the general reader, especially to one who has been active in helping to make its his- tory, to whom the miunutest details are of interest. It will be pardonable to say that no branch of business in Grand Rapids has had more energy and devo- tion given it, during these years, than the wholesale grocery business. The results to-day are gratifying in this, that it can be safely said, in no other line of busi- ness are so few goods placed by outside merchants in the territory tributary to Grand Rapids as in our line, in propor- tion to the amount consumed. An interesting fact in connectiun with our jobbers is that, of our present firms, not one then bore its present name; yet in all the houses one at least of the present active men was then taking his kindergarten training in preparation for the serious responsibilities that are now upon him. Accompanying this sketch is the roster of the firms engaged in the wholesale grocery business in 1883, with the changes and dates of the same. It will be observed that at that time all were copartnerships, while now all are incorporated. During these years there have been marvelous changes in the conditions in- cident to our business. Perhaps the most noticeable one has been the _local- izing of the jobbing grocery business, not only in this State, but all over the contrary has made a very flattering in crease. This is really remarkable when one recalls the fact that Western Michi- gan, north of Grand Rapids, has been gradually passing through the transi- tional period from a lumbering com- munity to an agricultural one. To be sure, the great hardwood lumbering in- dustry is but fairly begun, but that is confined to comparatively few counties and supplements the agriculturist’s la- bors instead of being the chief source of income as in tbe old days of pine. So that the fact that Grand Rapids has country. At that time jobbers of New York City did consicerable business with the larger retailers in our territory, and Chicago sold very large quantities of groceries in Western Michigan. Job- bing houses have sprung up all over this State in the larger towns and the trade they have secured must necessarily come from the larger jobbing centers in the State, and they in return have had to recoup themselves for this loss of business from such centers as New York, Chicago and Milwaukee or lose part of their volume of business. Grand Rapids has not lost volume, but on the not lost volume in the jobbing grocery business during these changing condi- tions is a tribute to the energy and _ sa- gacity of her jobbers. Great changes have taken place in the methods of doing business during this time. Then, long-time credits; taking notes in settlement for bills past due, and often renewing these notes, was a frequent, if not regular, practice. Dur- ing this time the tendency has been all in the direction of sounder business methods. The successful jobber insists upon shorter time and upon bills being paid in cash when due, instead of by notes. Then the variety of the stocks carried by the jobbers was comparatively small. Now these stocks are up to date, both as to variety and size, this being neces- sary in order to successfully compete with the jobbers from the large cities who come upon our territory. Another change, not so gratifying, is perhaps more keenly realized, namely, the gradual reduction of gross profits and the gradual increase of the ex- pense account. This disagreeable fact is not peculiar to our center. From all directions, in all lines of business, comes the same testimony, and many houses have seriously considered the great ques- tion, ‘‘To be or not to be.’’ It is a mo- mentous question for solution—to know how near you can bring these two ac- counts without disaster; yet you will al- ways find some one in every locality, both in the wholesale and retail busi- ness, experimenting along these lines— an experiment more hazardous than trifling with a buzz saw. Another marked change that has taken place during these years is in the char- acter and general make-up of the trav- eling men and the quaiifications that are now absolutely necessary to bring suc- cess. To-day, if a representative of a wholesale grocery house would succeed with the better class of retail dealers, he must be a gentleman, bright, cour- teous, obliging, and honorable and _ fair in all his dealings. The dissipated ** jolly good fellow’’ 1s no longer in de- mand, eith2r by the retailer or the job- ber, and hence the excellent average that prevails among the grocery sales- men who go ovt from Grand Rapids. Their visits to their customers are more frequent than they were fifteen years ago. In some respects this may inure to the jobber’s benefit, as the purchases made in this way are smaller and the collctions more easily made. There was also a marked difference in the character of the goods sold fifteen years ago. Much green coffee was handled by the jobbers; now practically none. Then mess pork and dry salt sides were ‘‘the thing’’ in provisions; now you can not sell them. Then com- * paratively few cereal products were con- sumed ; now they have become a large factor in feeding the people. Our pure food laws passed three years ago have produced splendid results. It required no little prudence and discretion to put these laws into operation without bring- ing unnecessary annoyance and fnan- 1883 | Shields, Bulkley & Lemon Arthur Meigs & Co. | Freeman, Hawkins & Co. John Caulfield | Clark, Jewell & Co. Cody, Ball & Co. Fox, Musselman & Loveridge 1884 Hawkins & Perry 1885 1886 | Bulkley, Lemon & Hoops Cody, Ball, Barnhart & Co. Amos §. Musselman & Co. | Olney, Shields & Co. 1887 | Lemon, Hoops & Peters Out of Business Out of Business Hawkins, Perry & Uo. 1888 I. M. Clark & Son Ball, Barnhart & Putman 1889 Lemon & Peters Incorporated Olney & Judson Grocer Co. Incorporated 1890 | Lemon & Wheeler Co. Incorporated Ball-Barnhart-Patman Co. Musselman & Widdicomb 1891 Hawkins & Co. Incorporated I. M. Clark Grocery Co. 1892 1893 Incorporated Musselman Grocer Co. 1894 1895 Purchased by Worden Grocer Co. 1896 | 1897 | Clark-Jewell-Wells Co. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 41 BOIS AS AS RASS INAS ORES BE SRS RAS ESSER SS PSS SEES 3 eS NNT SOIETSISAN ERS SaSaSea) BA) SS say SRS SMES aASs SSS ES SAISARCES ZN ADVERTISEMENT to be effective must be convincing. It must strike the reader as reason- able, must win his confidence, and to do that must state facts and facts only. 2 Some people had 30 days than tell the truth for cash; such people, like an untruthful advertisement, have no influence. % There is no particular harm done, as no one believes either of them. The moral is, make your advertisements truthful if you ex- pect them to be effectual. % 20 st 2 Now, were we to say that “CERESOTA™” is the only good spring wheat flour and “ BARLOW’S BEST ” the only good winter wheat flour, it would be untrue and our state- ment would carry no weight because the people know better. We do not say they are the only good flours, “there are others,” but there are NO OTHERS BETTER and very few as good. %& Why is it that there are few as good and none better? Because in the first place no one KNOWS HOW to make better and 90 per cent. of the millers do not KNOW HOW to make as good. w Three-fourths of the other 10 per BOI ESN SQIESENS| cent. don’t think IT PAYS to make as good. 2 They believe BASIE SASSI it pays better to make a flour just a trifle inferior to “Ceresota” and “Barlow’s Best’ at a little lower cost and then offer it to the trade at a small cut under Olney & Judson Grocer Co.’s price for “Ceresota” and “Barlow’s Best,” claiming it is “just as good.” % 2% we 2 ut Ut Now we might string this out two or three pages, but the “Tradesman” can spare us but one this week. i If the “just as goods” will answer your purpose you can al- PARTI EDAAASAISASZ| ways buy them a little cheaper than “the best.” st If you want THE BEST of anything in our line you can always buy it at the right price of the OLNEY & JUDSON GROCER CO. ys] aaa aRS Pew BIE SS SASS SR eS SESE CE ETE SEG DEAE EDS BARGE PA COGS SESE Se BASS SS eS aS SS SAIe= fC Grand Rapids, Mich, DENN DONS DOD ODS CSTR yA S| ei eS =_ = i SIOZ, AISA = SSS AAS SACS AACS ESS SASSI SACS SASS] ReS ( { sf] MICHIGAN TRADESMAN cial loss to retailer and jobber alike and much credit is due to our Commissioner for the temperate methods employed to enforce their provisions with the least possible inconvenience to all concerned. The result is to-day that very little adulterated merchandise finds its way over the counters of the retailer and the better class of both wholesalers and re- tailers most heartily rejoice that this is true. Another very gratifying condition pre- vails now that was not in evidence fif- teen years ago, namely, the high regard in which wholesale grocers’ paper is held by our banking institutions. Then if a man came into a cashier’s office and claimed to be a lumberman or man- ufacturer, all that was necessary for him to do to secure the coveted loan was to bring with him a pronounced odor of the woods and sawmills or the workshop and he was sure to get what he asked for. But the wholesale grocer coming for a like favor was looked upon with suspicion,and while favors were granted in this line, it was not done with that graciousness extended to the man from the woods or manufactory. To-day all this is changed and no branch of busi- ness, whether mercantile or manufactur- ing, is held in higher esteem by the banking fraternity than that of the wholesale grocer. To sum up the whole situation, there has been much progress in many direc- tions during the past fifteen years in our line of business: 1, The volume of business has been largely increased notwithstanding there have been serious obstacles to be over- come to bring this about. 2. The houses all carry much larger stocks than were then carried, of much greater variety, and all are splendidly equipped with offices and salesrooms that would be a credit to them if located in a city five times as large. 3. The average quality of goods now handled is in every way superior to that of fifteen years ago. 4. The methods of selling goods and making collections, also the relations be- tween the retailers and jobbers, have vastly improved. 5. The condition of the retail trade tributary to our market is far superior in every way, and the standard of abil- ity employed is of a much higher order than generally prevailed fifteen years ago. 6. While the profit and expense ac- counts have gradually worked closer to- gether, there is yet fair interest on the investment if the tendencies of all suc- cessful mercantile enterprises are promptly ingrafted into the manage- ment. 7. The high estimation in which the wholesale grocery business is now held in banking circles as compared with fifteen years ago. In closing, it is but just that proper credit should be given to the Michigan Tradesman for its helpful influence in all mercantile channels—its high stand- ard of morals, the superior class of litera- ture it has furnished. Its fearlessness in denouncing all manner of dishonesty, no matter where found, can but have a telling power in moulding and elevating the standard of integrity, uprightness and business honor, and thus it has con- tributed in no small degree to the prog- ress made by our city during these eventful years. Amos S. MUSSELMAN. —_a0e>_____ Incompatibility of temper occurs when both parties have the same kind of tem- per, and plenty of it. ERA oo AS eRe SaaS TST al HARDWARE TRADE. Marked by New Goods and Declining Prices. The changes that fifteen years have brought about in the hardware trade in Grand Rapids are many. Tothink them all up and put them on paper is not an easy task, for as one grows older it is harder to date back to a time when any particular change came about. When one says, ‘‘A year ago such and such was the condition,’’ upon investigation he is apt to find it was three or even five years ago. However, we are safe in say- ing that the last fifteen years has seen the hardware trade of Grand Rapids so developed that the representatives of either of the jobbing houses no longer have prices of Detroit or Chicago thrown at them, as we are already rec- ognized as competing with all markets were not carried in stock, and were made in very small quantities in this country, if at all. The iron cut nails were then used, sales running as high as fifty thousand kegs ina year. Then came steel cut nails, which soon took the place of the iron, and then wire nails began to show their heads, At first, the dealers were loath to take many of them, and orders would be for ten kegs ata time. Now iron cut nails are not made, steel cut nails are not in demand—about five hundred kegs would supply this market for one year—while it now takes one hundred thousand kegs of wire nails to supply the jobbing trade of Grand. Rapids. When wire nails first came_ they were worth $5 to $6 per keg ; now the price is less than $1.60. Many articles in general use now were not thought of fifteen years ago, a few of which come to my mind, as follows: and find no difficulty in securing for Grand Rapids its full share of trade. Fifteen years ago the hardware trade of Michigan was visited by agents rep- resenting the jobbing houses of Buffalo, New York, Cleveland, Toledo, etc., but to-day in the territory tributary to Grand Rapids, it is rare to meet agents from any of these points. The jobbers of Detroit, Saginaw and Grand Rapids are able to take care of this trade on much more profitable terms than these foreign houses can possibly do. Fifteen years ago but one house in Grand Rapids was doing a jobbing trade; to-day there are two, with sales of not less than a mil- lion and a half dollars in aggregate. The greatest change has been in the steady decline in prices on nearly every- thing made of iron or steel, as well as new articles that have come into gen- eral use. Wire nails fifteen years ago Potato planters, bug sprinklers and sifters, gasoline stoves, blue flame oil stoves, Shand corn shellers, as well as many other things, which at present will not come to mind. In all articles of hardware, steel in a great many in- stances has taken the place of iron ata much lower price. To-day, owing to lower prices of hard- ware, the merchant is obliged to do three times as much work to get the same net profit out of his business as he did fifteen years age. Wages are high- er, expenses more, competition greater, and the percentage of profit lower, con- sequently in the volume of business and close attention to details lies the success of the hardware merchant of to-day. I can not lose this article without making a few comparisons in the sell- ing prices of many goods which tell the story of the many changes which have taken place within the last fifteen to twenty years. These old prices are taken from a salesbook of the late John B. Reed, who represented Foster, Ste- vens & Co. in Northern Michigan during the year of 1880, and was the latest book of prices I could conveniently lay hands on: ~OE" AZOZSOURS BAS RORLH TE OL og 8 oe 2 as Be ee ee SS ES eS — os Bee ew FS PO Baa BPRS BOS ABBE O ERE ooo Soak a oe s i St oSRTOGA"S OZEAseaSasn 83s Sls ree eM Gog Se aR Paris! Reese taohy ss: BOM wsSseggeys: 18 koe SSS SEG. VS est no Y®*RE Soe tees | Be S272 88. %% "2. 25 oc PS4°5 590. Beto: S eet ee - 3 Ste SF - . OS px a 2 2 NO. s 2 oO MNee - = Bett mgr see F ft e 3 2 MOs Sos ee ee oe Beets tee ts te ul # DOOR 2 Ss SS. Se as So. sf Un Oa < wb Peurst mn w RISSSHRERELSISD SSA BLURS SS SS GVUBVVVVVVUVUUUUUUUS FZ Bees s TORDEDDOOTODETDT ORD Sa a reaana%9 aveNasrt races rOh>a sSS5999 SB SR SS SISSE SRR OSS RNSNNNE SESEQSNSERNNESOR SN Se s 7S oS Base a = a & B.° Supe, PL Ae ee ML le, & ROOOMOQORNOKE BANS OnNRKAD ASSS8ssRSERSEA SSTCSLSASSS RX 3 SUVVUCSVUBVT VVC. Boag se SEES SERED TERR ROD AAA BUR ARGS R ARR vaanas aveNacstraa tun Fore SegQg08 SSSI SSS FSSs Sa eOSs KRNNSNS SSESNebnNeceonm Qn Se 5 oo aoe = Se o” ces It can readily he seen by these com- parisons that the decline in the majority of lines of hardware has been almost 50 per cent. SIDNEY F. STEVENS. —__—_~>9.—___- Becoming an Employer. Every ambitious clerk is more or less desirous of becoming an employer some day, which is an aspiration natural enough to the healthy American with average ambition and talent How much experience be should have asa _ clerk before opening a store of his own de- pends, of course, upon his mentality and the opportunities he has had for picking up pointers. Some young men learn more in a year than others do in five years. If he spends all his time in one piace where he delivers orders he will not make much progress; but if be changes places, or if he has a geod boss, who knows how to teach him, he can learn a great deal in a year, and if he is bright and old enough when he starts in he may be more competent to run a store within two years than some others are in ten years, The clerk who begins his career at 15 naturally has to work four or five years before he can be a good employer, because he must be old enough for it. The intelligent man, however, who starts in at 20 can become compe- tent more rapidly. —__>-0>—___ Don’t Think of Trouble. Retailers should prepare themselves for the best fall trade they have ever en- joyed. The war is over now, and there is no need of looking for threatening signs in that direction. No doubt, how- ever, there are pessimistic retailers who are already looking for threatening signs in some other quarter. The sensible business man will, however, recognize the present as an opportune time to make some money. Expect success, Mr. Retailer, and you will probably get it, for if success is taken and expected as a matter of course, it will be achieved. Every retailer hopes for suc- cess, but there is a mighty difference between merely hoping for it and the unwavering confidence that compels it. It is the part of wisdom to be contin- ually prepared for the worst, too, but to be continually thinking of it is not bealthy mental exercise, for to think trouble is to merit misfortune. —__>2>—___ Occasionally a young man may be persuaded out of marrying a young woman, but an old man—never. SPR GIVER CHU GU RU RS RE UE GE UR UB 43 a 2, e Georae Hume & Zo. = Q @ h = S ? IMPORTERS OF ) TEAS, AND Wholesale Grocers = & MUSKEGON, D ¢ ) MICH. Y ) g j The best goods, right prices, and fair Q dealing always win. } { That is why our business is increasing d g : p) ) so rapidly. #& ¢ We have a full stock and just what , { you want. % % p ¢ ‘ ) Send us a trial order. ¢ ) ZT 1) ¢ U) D OES oS Oo OO OO oes es 2s ea eas Sen eee ses _—_ eee ere 2 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN which sum becomes a part of the appro- priation to maintain the Department. Section 8 prohibits the sale of any package of cheese which is falsely branded. Section g prohibits the selling as lard of any substance not the legitimate and exclusive product of the fat of the hog. Section Io provides that all lard sub- stitutes or compounds shall be distinct- ly and legibly branded ‘‘ Lard substitute or compound’’ and it is made obligatory upon every person who sells, offers or exposes for sale, or has in his possession with intent to sell, any lard substitute, to have the same properly branded as ** Adulterated lard,’’ ‘* Lard compound, ’’ or ‘‘Lard substitute.’’ The letters used in branding shall be not less than one inch in length, Each package must contain the name of the maker and _lo- cation of such factory. Section 11 compels every dealer who sells, by himself or his agent, any lard substitute to brand the package contain- ing the same in letters not less than one half inch in length. Section 12. makes possession of any lard substitutes prima facie evidence of ill intent. Section 13 provides that no person shall manufacture for sale, sell or ex- pose for sale any imitation fruit jelly or fruit butter with any other designation than the words, ‘‘Imitation fruit jelly or butter,’’ with the name of the manu- facturer and the place where made, and such jelly shall contain no ingredient in- jurious to health and shall not be col- ored in imitation of fruit jelly. This section provides a special penalty of not less than $50 nor more than $500, and imprisonment for not less than 90 days nor more than two years, or both such fine and imprisonment in the discre- tion of the court Section 14 prohibits the sale of pre- served or canned fruit or vegetables or other articles of food unless such articles shall be entirely free from deleterious substances and unless such articles bear the name and address of the firm, per- son or corporation that packs the same. All soaked or bleached goods, all goods put up from products dried before can- ning, shail be branded ‘‘Soaked or bleached goods’’ in letters not less than two line pica in size Section 15 prohibits the manufacture, sale or offering for sale of all artificial coffee berries in imitation of the genu ine berry. And further provides that coffee adulterated with chicory or any other nondeleterious substance shall be distinctly labeled ‘‘Coffee Compound.’’ And such package shall have no other label of whatever name or designation. The Attorney General has construed this part of Section 15 to mean that coffee adulterations shall be sold under the name of ‘‘Coffee compound,”’ with the name and address of the manufac- turer, and shall have no other label ex- cepting matter descriptive of the arti- cle. The section further provides that any molasses or syrup, when mixed with glucose, must be labeled ‘‘Glucose Mix- ture’’ and have no otber name or desig- nation whatever. Such label shall be in letters not less than one-half inch in length. Section 16 provides that no liquors shall be manufactured or sold in this State containing any substance injurious to health. Section 17 is a very important one and makes the taking of orders or the mak- ing of agreements or contracts by any person, firm or corporation, or by any agent or representative thereof, for the future delivery of any food products a sale within the meaning of this act. Under similar sections in other states the courts of final jurisprudence have decided that any agent, although his principal lived without the state, shall be liable for the sale of adulterated goods, although he, the agent, had spec- ified when sending the order to his house that it was to be filled with pure goods. These same decisions have laid down the further principle that any member of a firm or corporation, although he may live without the state, is liable for the sale of adulterated goods by any agent or employe or member of the firm or corporation. Section 18 provides a penalty of not less than $100 nor more than $1,000, or imprisonment for not less than six months nor more than three years, or both such tine and imprisonment within the discretion of the court, for falsely labeling or branding any article of food required to be branded or labeled, or for the removal, alteration, defacement, mutilation, imitation or counterfeiting any brand when required. Section Ig provides a general penalty for failing to do any of the acts enjoined by this statute or for any violation of its provisions where no specific penalty is otherwise prescribed. The penalty is a fine of not less than $100 nor more than $500, or imprisonment in the county jail for a period of not less than 30 nor more than oo days, or both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court. It is this penalty which is most generally applied to the sections above quoted. In fact, it may be con- sidered the general penalty for viola- tions of the pure food act. Section 20 makes it the duty of the Dairy and Food Commissioner to en- for-e the provisions of this statute, and further makes it the duty of all prose- cuting officers of the State to prosecute to completion all suits brought under the provisions of this act upon com- plaint of the Commissioner cr of any citizen. It also makes it the duty of all health boards in cities and health offi- cers in townships to take cognizance of and report and prosecute all violations of this act that may be brought to their notice within their jurisdiction. Section 21 repeals all acts or parts of acts inconsistent with the original act of "05. The above is a short, concise state- ment of the requirements for the sale of most food products. There are, how- ever, specific and independent statutes upon differert subjects: One provides for the labeling of adulterated buckwheat flour with the words, ‘‘Adulterated buckwheat, compound, or substitute’’ in letters not less than one inch in length and followed by the name of the maker and location of such factory. The sev- eral acts passed from time to time for the regulation of the manufacture and sale of liquors in general may be said to (1) prohibit the sale of any liquor con- taining anything that is poisonous or in- jurious to health; (2) require upon the barrel, cask or vessel containing the same the name of the person, company or firm or manufacturer preparing the same, and aiso the words, ‘‘Pure and without drugs or poison.”’ There are several statutes and amend ments in Michigan concerning the sell- ing of milk and dairy products. Their general provisions are: (1) Prohibiting the sale of any unwholesome, watered, adulterated or impure milk or swill milk, or milk from cows fed upon gar- Established, 1893. & T. L. BRUNDAGE, 4\ | WHOLESALE COMMISSION MERCHANT 54 and 56 Central Ave., Cor. Woodland, Cleveland, O. Only Exclusive Butter and Egg House in the City. & Want to correspond with those who have butter and eggs to ship. Can handle large quantities. CSI. D.D-D.8 LL.M Le Le Le. Le Le Me. LL, SD DDD DDD ZG FFFFSSSSSFSTS Eureka Cubular Well Brass Cylinderse Strait s Original Patent. Always ask for ‘Strait Cylinders” and have no other. Each Cylinder St: mped with steel die ‘‘R. E. SIRAIT PATENT.”’ We also make the Taper Point Cylinder. Imitated to some extent (successful things always are). Tade in all Sizes. The imitations, however, are pat- terned after the old styles and do NOT possess the up-to-date improvements as we now manu- facture it. If you orver from Jobbers always specify ‘‘STRAIT’ CYLINDERS,’’ and look for stamp on cylinder bottom. If you cannot get it order from us. Ours will save you money, as it always gives satisfaction. Improved for 1S98. We also manufacture ali styles and sizes of =aCubular Well VUalvesee Wood Rod Couplings, plain or galvanized (not tinned), Turned Coupling, Sand Pump and Drill combined, Tools, Cup Leather, Rubbers, etc. We send catalogue for the asking, and we’d like to quote, and if quality, price and our way of dealing don’t bring orders, we don’t know what will. samples, patterns or drawings. Standard Brass Works, mtas, Kalamazoo, Iich. We also solicit your orders for Brass, Bronze, and White Metal Castings. Send SPLESSEOLAHEAESELELEOOLEL ES 46 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN bage, swill or any substance in a state of fermentation, or any deleterious sub- stance, or from cows kept in connection with any family in which there are in- fectious diseases. The addition of ice to milk is also declared an adulteration. (2) Cans or packages. containing skimmed milk shall have the words, ‘*Skimmed milk'’ distinctly painted in letters not less than one inch in length (3) A standard for the sale of milk is enacted, and milk must contain not less than 12% per cent. of milk solids and not less than 3 per cent. fat, and with specific gravity at 6 degrees Fahrenheit, between I 29-1000 and I 33-1000. It has been held by courts of last re- sort that it is within the police power of a state to set up a standard for milk, providing such standard is a reasonable one. It can be shown that cows ina perfectly healthy condition, well fed and cared for, will give milk below the standard prescribed in this State, yet, it lying within the power of the Legis- lature to provide a reasonable standard, milk below this standard is not salable. To be more explicit, it is not material whether milk is watered by hand or through the medium of the cow. Unless it conforms to this standard it can not be sold. The penalty for selling milk below standard is a fine not exceeding $100, or imprisonment not exceeding go days. There is also a special statute regu- lating the sale of oleomargarine and providing that any butter substitute shall not be sold in Michigan if colored to imitate butter. The statute provides a penalty of not less than $50 nor more than $500 and the costs of prosecution, or imprisonment for not less than six months nor more than three years, or both such fine or imprisonment in the discretion of the court for each and every offense. There is also a statute preventing the use of butter substitutes by proprietors or keepers of hotels, restaurants, eating saloons, boarding houses or other places where food is offered to persons paying for the same, unless such proprietor or keeper ‘‘shall have placed on the out- side door, and conspicuously hung in the center and placed on the walls of any store or room whefe food is sold or offered, a white placard on which are printed, in black ink in plain Roman letters not less than three inches in length and not less than two inches in width, the words, ‘‘Oleomargarine or butterine sold or used here.’’ We have also in this State a statute against the adulteration of candies or confectioneries if adulterated with any substances detrimental to health. The last Legislature enacted a statute for regulating the manufacture and sale of vinegar. This statute provides: (1) that all vinegar made by fermentation and oxidation shall be branded ‘‘Fer- mented Vinegar,’’ with the name of the fruit or substance from which the same is made. And all vinegar made from distilled liquor shall be branded ‘‘Dis- tilled Vinegar,’’ and all such distilled vinegar shall be free from artificial col- oring matter. (2) All fermented vine- gar shall contain not less than 13% per cent. by weight, upon full evaporation at the temperature of boiling water, of solids contained in the fruit or grain from which said vinegar is fermented. Said vinegar shall contain not less than 2% tenths of 1 per cent. ash or mineral matter, the same being a product of the material from which said vinegar is manufactured. All vinegar shall be made wholly from the fruit or grain from which it is represented to be made and shall contain no foreign substance, and shall contain not less than 4 per cent. by weight of absolute acetic acid. The penalty for the vivlation of this act is a fine of not less than $50 nor more than $100, or imprisonment not to exceed go days and the costs ‘of prosecution, or both such fine and imprisonment’ in the discretion of the court. The Supreme Court of New York and other states have held that just as it was competent for a legislature, in the exercise of the state’s police powers, to set up a reasonable standard for milk, so it was in their power to set up a rea- sonable standard for vinegar. The Department, with some little pride, states that, owing to the recent energetic prosecutions and denuncia- tions of adulterated vinegar, the poor, and in most cases almost worthless, vin- egars have been quite generally driven from the State. We can not close without marked ref - erence to the doctrine, comparatively new in American jurisprudence, that want of knowledge is no defense for a violation of the food statute. It had become a settled doctrine that there could be no crime committed without some criminal intent on the part of the criminal. This has become known to the bar as an elementary principle, and the Department still finds many persons in the State who believe that they can not be found guilty of selling adulter- ated goods unless they knew them to be adulterated. This, up to a year ago, had been one of the principal obstacles to success in prosecutions. The present administration of the Dairy and Food Department met this trouble early in 1897, and in order that there might be no further question forced a case in our State Supreme Court, where, on May 25, 1897, Chief Justice Long filed an opinion in the case of The People vs. Michael Snow- berger. In this opinion, and at consid- erable length, Chief Justice Long quotes practically all the cases in the United States which bear upon this question and in the concluding paragraph says: ‘*The statute not requiring knowledge on the part of the seller to make the offense complete, we are satisfied that the conviction must be sustained. No case has been cited, and we are not able to find one, where a contrary doc- trine is laid down. The act may work hardship in many cases; but that ques- tion is one to be addressed to the Leg- islature and not to the courts. As we have said, it was within the power of the Legislature to pass the act making it an offense punishable with tine and imprisonment to sell adulterated food or drink, although the person selling the same has no knowledge that it is adul- terated. Under this statute one making sales must do so at his peril."’ Another decision we shall refer to is that of the United States Supreme Court at the October term, 1894, being the case of Plumbley vs. Commonwealth, of Massachusetts. This decision holds con- stitutional the Massachusetts anti-color oleomargarine law. The Massachusetts law is identically the same as the Michigan law. The oleomargarine at- torneys have appealed two cases to our State Supreme Court and attacked the constitutionality of the law. In view of the fact that the Massachusetts statute —the same as the Michigan law, letter for letter, punctuation for punc- tuation—has been held constitutional by the United States Supreme Court, we can only look upon the appeal in Mich- igan as a subterfuge and only a move to put off a final enforcement of this law. The Michigan Supreme Court has ad- journed until September 20, when it is expected the Michigan cases will be de- cided. ELL10oT O. GROSVENOR. ATTENTION GROGERS! PRESENT YOUR ORDER FOR PALACINE OIL And notice the increase in your OIL After given it a trial they will want no other. PALACINE OIL THE BEST IN THE WORLD. trade. your customers have No Bad Odor. No Smoky Chimney. No Charred Wicks. > Scofield, Shurmer § Ceaglee Sole Manufacturers, GRAND RAPIDS, SICH. } SEEEEEEEES ESTEE TES TEST ITT WILL M. HINE es Commercial Stationery and Knickknacks Blank Books Letter Files Letter Presses Typewriter Supplies Etc., Etc. % Sbbdodoodo | 1H _S= X yyy Exclusive Michigan Agent. “ARCADE” INKSTAND Reduced to asc. Agents Wanted. FOUNTAIN #@ PENS Mail and Telephone Orders get Prompt Attention. Grand Rapids. SESE SESS SESE TESTE ESET ETS bb ddbbbbbb bb bbbbbdbdbhhhd bbb bods en rer + MICHIGAN TRADESMAN BANKS AND BANKING. Doubling of Capital and Deposits Dur- ing Fifteen Years. The business of banking was first in- troduced in England during the Seven- teenth Century. The Bank of England, which has long been the principal bank of deposit and circulation in Great Britain, and indeed in Europe, was founded in 1694. The Bank of France is second in magnitude and importance, and was originally founded in the year 1800, but was not placed on a solid and well-defined basis until 1806. The banking institutions of the United States may be classified as National and state banks, savingsbanks, private banks or bankers, and loan and trust companies. National banks were first authorized by a law of the United States enacted in 1863. They receive, lend and transmit money, issue notes which are used as money, and buy, sell and collect bills of exchange. Their circulating notes are secured by United States bonds deposited with the Govern- ment, and their operations are subject to the inspection and supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. State banks perform the same functions ex- cept that of issuing notes. Private banks and bankers carry on the same business as state banks, but are not un- der state or National supervision. Loan and trust companies are incorporated Institutions, and receive deposits, usual- ly for a fixed period, and loan them on the pledge of stocks, bonds and other securities. Bankers lend money by opening credits in their books, against which their customers may draw to the extent of the credits opened, by dis- counting bills, by purchase of securities or by advancing money on securities, etc. Accompanying the developments of commerce the business of banking has undergone various changes. A_ banker receives deposits and lends money, but the conditions under which money is received on deposit or loaned out may be extremely various, and the different classes of bankers are distinguished from one another by differences in the rules which they observe in receiving money or in making loans. The Bank of England rarely discounts bills that have more than two, or at the most three, months to run, and it would be well were this rule more generally observed. The discounting of bills on long terms is a powerful stimulus to unsafe speculation. When individuals obtain loans which they are not to be called upon to pay for six, twelve, or perhaps eighteen, months, they are tempted to venture into speculations which are not expected to be wound up until some proportionally distant period ; and, as these ventures frequently fail, there is little or no provision made for the payment of these bills when they become due. In such cases the banker, to avert a loss, sometimes consents to renew the paper, and thus aggravates and extends the evil. In other respects, too, the discounting of notes on long time or their renewal, or the making of permanent loans, is al- together inconsistent with sound bank- ing principles, for it deprives the bank- er of that command over his resources which is so necessary at all times, and so indispensable in periods of difficulty or distress, At first the clearing house was simply a place of meeting, but from experience it was learned that the sorting and dis- tribution of checks, bills, etc., could be more expeditiously conducted by the appointment of one or more clerks, to whom each banker’s clerk could give al the instruments of exchange he wished to collect, and from whom he could _ re- ceive all items payable at his own house. The payment of the balance in cash settled the transaction. Later, however, the arrangements of the clear- ing house were further perfected, so that neither notes nor coin are now re- quired, balances being settled by draft or certificate. Reviewing somewhat the banking business for the past fifteen years, I wish first to call attention to the num- ber of incorporated banks which were in existence in 1882. At that time there were 3,525 banks which reported, with a capital of $565,600,000 and deposits $2, 363,000,000. In 1897 8,423 banks re- ported, with a capital of $853,000,000 and deposits $4,688,000,000, showing an increase in capital of $287,400,000 and deposits of $2,325,000,000. The banks of the country in 1882 had cash on hand $204,000,000 and at the present time $458, 000, 000. In our own city, for the past fifteen years banking has kept pace with other business interests. In 1882 there were five banks in Grand Rapids, with a cap- ital of $1,250,000 and deposits $5,500, - ooo. At the present time we have nine banks and two trust companies, with a combined capital of $2,950,000 and total deposits $11,660,o00o—an increase in capital ot $1,700,000 and an increase in deposits of $6, 160, 000. I wish at this time to call particular attention to the National Association of Credit Men, of which James G. Cannon, of New York, is President. The aim and object of this Association, so far as I understand it, is to bring about a uni- form system of book-keeping among business men and to adopt a uniform blank on which to make a statement, when asking for credit, so that the credit men, be they bankers, merchants or manufacturers, may have placed _ be- fore them a complete and _ intelligent statement of the borrower’s true finan- cial condition, on which they may be able to intelligently extend or refuse credit. There has been such a change in busi- ness and business methods, during the past fifteen years, and all firms are op- erating on such close margins, that the individual or firm conducting business on the old and haphazard method can not expect to continue long under exist- ing conditions. Profits are so small that the losses must be reduced, or should be, to a minimum, and to do this the bank- er or credit man should and must know the true financial condition of the party asking credit. The large amount of money in bank does not belong to, neither is it intended for the benefit or use of, bank officers or managers, but _is deposited in trust and for safe-keeping, and it is expected by the people to whom it belongs that a certain percentage shall be used to discount business paper and be loaned for legitimate needs and purposes, and not paid out to men of unknown finan- cial standing or to men whose business instincts are tainted with a desire for speculation. Ww. H. ANDERSON. a Wear a Veil. Her mother (to bride- ae frowning on your wedding day? Bride-elect—I’m in a quandary. If I Bo to the altar smiling people will say I’m simply crazy to get Charlie; and if I look solemn they will say I ‘already regret the step. What shall I do? sSSS3333333: FIO IO Oe a ae =) THE GEM UNION SUIT Only combination suit that gives perfect satisfaction. Is double- breasted; elastic in every portion; affords comfort and convenience to wearer that are not obtained in any other make. We, the sole manu- facturers and patentees, are pre- prepared to supply the trade with a great variety of qualities and sizes. Special attention given mail orders. Gabe Kniting Work, 6 as, com Cor. Wealthy Ave. & 1.C.R.R. 93333233: ssasnscesee?” OUR AIrI THIS YEAR IS TO WHOLESALE MORE LIME, CEMENT42. FEED THAN EVER BEFORE. We buy Hay, Grain and Wood. ap E. WYKES Grand Rapids, lich. THOS. FONES 371. WN cA ORENTE The Keeping Qualities of NEUMOUT CYACKEIS 22. should commend them to the up-to-date grocer. They never become stale, for even the very old- est of them, by a little warming up, become as crisp as at first. This isn’t possible in ordinary crackers, and it’s by using none but the choicest selected ingredients, and being mixed and baked that the SEYMOUR & Cracker retains its hold upon the buyers of pure Always FRESH, WHOLESOME, NUTRITIVE. Has absorbing qualities far in excess in the improved way, food products. of all other crackers. Is asked for most by par- ticular people, and hence brings the most accept- able class of customers to whoever sells it. Can you afford to be without it? Made only by National Biscuit Company Grand Rapids, Mich. i £ & #4 3 i % ‘ § a Titi in wien ater ile eo Ronit ‘eae Rg Eee ae faa MICHIGAN TRADESMAN CONFECTIONERY TRADE. Remarkable Growth and Development of the Business, Probably none of the large manufac- turing interests have made greater strides into prominence during the past twenty years than has that of confec- tionery, candy and sweetmeats, which have contributed to please the epicurean taste for centuries, but the capital em- ployed by the individual manufacturer was usually of small amount, because in each instance the product was sold over the counter of the manufacturer, whose establishment was generally a small one and little effort was made to effect sales to other dealers who might vie for the retail patronage. Gradually, however, the capital necessary to operate large plants was centralized and brainy men with an eye open for the benefits that were discernible were incorporated in the management, and slowly the field of operation was widened, until now there is hardly a city of importance in our glorious country that does not contain, among its many institutions of pride and enterprise, a beehive of industry teeming with bright faces of contented employes who turn out tons of delicious candy daily. When the business was in its infancy the cooking was done over various-sized charcoal furnaces, and when the proper boiling point had been reached a couple of lusty young fellows would pour the contents of each kettle—usually from forty to sixty-five pounds—on massive slabs of marble, where it was allowed to harden sufficiently to keep from run- ning. The cooling process was hastened by having the workmen knead the molt- en mass over and over with iron shovels —or spades, to be more explicit, just the same as those used by the workmen who labor from sun to sun in making the excavations in which to lay the base of the monster buildings that adorn our thoroughfares. When a proper consist- ency had been reached the batch would be lifted bodily by one of the expert workers and hung over a large iron pulling hook and then the hardest part of the manipulation began. The parts suspended from each side of the hook would at first, of their own weight, fall or stretch out quickly to a distance of from six toe ght feet, only to be gathered quickly and accurately by the deft work- er, who would, by a dextrous movement, give the two sections an upward toss that would land the flexible sweetness squarely on the hook again and continue the ‘‘pulling,'’ so-called, until the am- ber-colored mass gradually assumed a snowny whiteness and was ready to be laid on long tables, to be spun into sticks of the requisite length or cut into such shapes as were desirei. During the ‘‘pulling’’ process an attendant would pour on the necessary quantity of the various flavors and colors that might be called for; and the bright-eyed boys and girls who bought the finely-flavored, pleasing confection the next day had little idea of the amount of labor and excessive manipulation that had been expended on the handsome stick of candy from the time the sugar and other ingredients of which it was made left the barrel to the finishing of the product. Of late years the business has grown to such proportions that the most mod- ern and expensive machinery has been added to the equipment of up-to-date factories, and the old furnace kettles of sixty-pounds capacity have been super- seded by massive copper reservoir cook- ers with a capacity of two hundred and fifty to four hundred gallons, and live | cost of materials used and the aggregate steam in adequate volume will cook an enormous quantity in from twenty tosixty minutes, according to the variety of goods desired. The small factory where a few persons did all the work in one small room has been so enlarged that the use of the whole of mammoth buildings es- pecially designed for the particular firm who is to occupy it is now no uncom- mon occurence. The modern manufac- tory is divided into departments where a set of skilled workmen—men, women, boys and girls—do nothing but turn out one particular variety of goods, such as hand-made _ creams, chocolate drops, stick candy, gum drops, lozenges, etc., etc., and through constantly doing one kind of work such as pertains to the re- spective department a degree of effi- ciency is acquired which is wellnigh perfection. But a comparative few aside from value of the finished product: No. Estab- Capital Hands lishments Invested Employed 1850 383 8 1,035,551 1,733 1860 541 1,565,478 2,340 187 O41 4,995,293 5,325 1880 1,450 8,486,874 g,So1 1890 2,921 23,326,799 7212 Wages Cost of Value of Paid Materials Products 1850 $ 458,904 $ 1,691,824 $ 3,040,671 1860 668,423 2,990, 186 5,301,100 1870 2,091,826 8,703,560 15,922,643 1850 3,242,852 17,125,775 25,627,033 1890 11,633,448 31,110,629 55,997,101 To be more local in treating the sub- ject, we may state that the three lead- ing manufacturers in the State of Mich- igan turned out, goods in 1865 to the value of between fifty and seventy-five thousand dollars, while at the present ratio each concern has an output of between one-half and three-quarters of a million dollars each, surely a most gratifying comparison. It is reported that one New York firm alone which is those directly interested in the manufac- ture have anv authentic or well-defined knowledge -f the detail that is an all- important essential in producing from the raw material the exquisite bonbons that daily find their way into so many homes, and the various groups of visit ors who now and then are escorted through one of the large factories always express themselves as being astonished at the magnitude of the industry, and never seem to regret the time expended in making the interesting tour of obser- vation. To convey an idea of the aggregate volume of the business and the rapidity of its growth during the past fifty years, attention is invited to the table of sta- tistics that follows, showing, ata glance the increase in ten-year periods as re- lates to number of manufacturing plants, increase of capital and number of em- ployes, amount paid out in salaries, nn aa famous for one speciaity—chocolate drops--made last year 12 000 tons, or 24 co0.000 pounds; ang the average number of its employes was rearly 2,000. More candy is consumed by the people of the United States than the combined total of any other two coun- tries, and the cities cf New York, Cbi- cago and Philadelphia sell annually as much as the whole of France. The foregoing rather meager sketch of the confectionery business of to-day may serve to convey an idea of its mag- nitude and commercial value in the marts of trade. Candy manufacture has been reduced to a science and there is little prospect of its ever being over- done. The sugar refineries of the world count the confectioners as their most reliable customers, and grant them con- cessions that even the most liberal buy- ers in other lines of trade are not al- lowed. : B. W. Putnam, President and Mana- ger of the Putnam Candy Co., is the pioneer confectioner of Western Michi- gan, having come here from the rock- ribbed hillsides of Northern Massachus- etts in 1865, at which time be embarked in his present line of business, in com- pany with his brother, now deceased. The keen-eyed, energetic, country boys had a joint capital of $42, but witb this pittance they bad ability and the deter- mination to carve out a success, and with what degree it has been accom- plished there is little need to ask. The Putnam Candy Co. was organized in 1889, succeeding the old firm of Putnam & Brooks. Its Manager can look back over a life of endeavor. His friends are limited only to those who do not know him, and the men and women he has assisted during his long business career with words of counsel and acts of kindness are legion. The company is one of the business landmarks that have assisted in advertising the Valley City for many years, and is now, as it always has been, one of the city’s reputable in- stitutions. FRANK T. LAWRENCE. —__> 0 2>___ Old and New Methods. The farmers around Pennsville a few decades ago used to celebrate ‘*hog- killing’’ day quite differe: tly from their present swift method. In the good old time the farmer, bis wife, children and the farm hands would al! pitch in on some cold December morning with the endeavor to kill the dozen or so of bogs in the pen in a week’s time, or at least before the advent of Christmas Day. The whole family woulj necessarily work in unison, some cutting and trying the fat for lard, others cooking the meats in the pots for sausage and slicin cff the hams and shoulders, while stil others would be industriously engaged on some other equally important details in connection with the event. But how different, by contrast, is the existing method of killing bogs! Nowadays they invite neighbors that live within a radius of two and three miles of the farm, and sometimes further, who come willingly, bright and early in the morn- ing, and work with such zeai that by the time the sun has disappeared behind the horizon they have accomplished about evervthing that is to be done at such a gathering. Everything is done hetween ‘‘sun and sun,’’ in the farm- res’ vernacular, each farmer helping his neighbor in turn, thus forming a reci- procal relationship, so that it is mani- test that the present arrangement has many advantages over the old way. 2-2 What Constitutes a Compromise. The doctrine that debt is not dis- charged by the receipt, even ostensibly in satisfaction, of a smaller amount, is based on the fact that there is in such case no consdieration for the compro- mise. It does not apply tothe case of a disputed claim. In some of the states the courts have stated the old rule to ap- ply to liquidated claims, and the dis- tinction is made between those that are liquidated and those which are nct. The term ‘‘liquidated,’’ when used in this connection, means one where the amourt due has been ascertained and agreed upon between the parties, or 1s fixed by operation of law. But it is now gener ally held that where a certair sum of money is tendered to a creditor hy a debtor on the condition that he acceyt it in full satisfaction of bisdemanc, the sum due being in dispute, the creditor must either refuse the tender or accept it as made subject to the condition. If he accept it he accepts the condition also, notwithstanding any protest he may make to the contrary. —_>0>—____ He Missed a Chance. She—Have you ever formed any idea of what an angel really looks like? He (after some deliberation)—No; I don’t believe I have. He found loitering on her rich papa’s porch unpleasant after that. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN eee yet An up-to-date manufacturing plant, completely equipped with latest im- proved labor-saving machinery, conducted on correct business principles. Our business (the size of it) justifies us in doing a great many things that induce paralysis in more limited efforts. For Instance: Quantity does not alarm us. When we succeed in originating a brand which is better than anything we have made before, we turn out large quantities of it. Itis a sort of liberal pru- dence to do so. We know that if the goods come up to our standard we can dispose of them. So can you. Our experience in this respect has always been invariable. It is summed up, indeed, in the trite statement that we sell what the merchant can readily sell again We know that the quality of our goods is exquisite. We know also that they are in prime condition when they reach you. There will be no diminution in our transactions. We will look out ‘or that. PUTNAM CANDY CO., Grand Rapids, Mich. i i i j j | ; 50 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN SHOE TRADE. Gradual Increase in Both Wholesale and Retail Lines. The shoe industry of Grand Rapids has kept pace with the growth of the city during the past fifteen years. The development is not confined to one branch of the trade—it is seen in the retail, wholesale and manufacturing in- terests alike. There are ten places where shoes are sold in the city to-day where there was only one fifteen years ago; and not only in number, but in the size and variety of the stocks carried, may be seen the same proportionate in- crease. Fifteen years ago there was but one wholesale establishment—to-day there are three, and notwithstanding the two additional ones, the annual business of the one in existence fifteen years ago has increased fully 100 per cent. The wholesale shoe trade of the city is prob- ably, not less than $1,750,000 per year at the present time. The wholesale shoe trade of Grand Rapids has reached a point of development where it is abund- antly able to meet all competition in supplying the States of Michigan, Ohio, Indiana and Wisconsin with footwear. The facilities for manufacturing shoes have been greatly improved, and the manufactured product has increased fully 75 per cent. within fifteen years. A wonderful revolution has been brought about during the past fifteen years in the general manufacture of shoes, by the aid of inventive genius and improved ma chinery. To-day the cheaper grades of shoes are made up in as good style as were the higher priced grades fifteen years ago; and not only so, but these same grades are about 25 per cent. cheaper than they were then. It is need- less to say that in this marvelous de- velopment of shoe manufacturing, Grand |toe has come in and gone out, causing Rapids has kept abreast ef the times. | serious loss to the jobber and still more Fifteen years ago the retail shoe trade|serious loss to the retailer; and it will was confined to Canal and Monroe|be another year before all the shoes are streets ; now it is scattered all over the| disposed of, so that the dealer can com- city. There are about Ioo retail stores in the city where shoes are sold, and at pute his real loss. It is now very hard to give away the pointed toe. The a rough estimation I would place the| greatest drawback incident to the shoe total annual sales at $450,coo trade is that too many styles of shoes During the past few years the pointed | are made, compelling the dealer to keep a larger stock than he can afford to for the amount of goods he sells. This also causes much loss every time the style changes. It is hoped that we are now in a position where the. broader toed styles have come to stay, so that in case of future changes the retailer will not suffer as he has from the reign of the pointed toe, because he can sell the shoes at some price. Now that the war is closed and good crops are assured and the country is in excellent condition, it would seem as though we had several years of good business ahead of us and that the com- ing year, especiaily, should be one of profit to all branches of the shoe trade— retail, wholesale and manufacturing. LESTER J. RINDGE. —_—_+>#2>—____ Have Department Heads. In the village store one buyer for all lines is sufficient, but when new lines are added a mistake is made if a good buying organization is rot perfected. The clerks in a large general store will naturally feel the responsibility of a stock under their supervision if they alone are responsible for its presence in the house. So will a buyer looking after one or two lines be better versed in those lines than if he were dabbling in everything in the store. Manifestly, one man can't know it all, even if he is a lion in his particular line, and a one- man institution is usually weak in more points than one. 6-2 He Paid for It. Stranger—You are the cnly gentleman in the room. Guest—In what way, sir? Stranger—When I tripped in the dance and went sprawling on the floor, tearing my fair partner’s dress, you were the only one in the room who didn't laugh. Guest—The lady is my wife, and I paid for the dress, 0-0-00000000-0-00-0-0-0-0-00-0-0-:0-00000000000 ES SS Boots, Shoes and Rubbers ; | 4 We make the best-wearing line of Shoes AN We carry a full line of Jobbing Goods made by the best on the market. manufacturers. When you want Rubbers, buy the Bos- ton Rubber Shoe Co.’s line, as they beat all the others for wear and style. selling agents. See our lines for Fall before placing your orders, POQOOOOOOOOO®QHDOOOOOOOOQOOQOO® HEROLD-BERTSCH SHOE CO. QOOOQOQOOOQOOOO 5 AND 7 PEARL ST., @©OO Rindge, Kalmbach, Logie & Co., teint. § MANUFACTURERS AND JOBBERS OF © © © GOOD SHOES) 2° wo Seeerest RUBBERS : ® © © : GRAND RAPIDS FELT AND KNIT BOOTS. BIG LINE OF LUMBERMEN’S SOCKS. QOOQOQOOOOOOOOQODQOOOQOOOOQOOQOO®E always. doubt. and widths. We are ° “ane “eae “ae wea’ Ty’ =," wT’ wa’ SSPSP2P32>2: Sama: sSssssssss55: Rubbers, The best is the cheapest, and the BOSTON RUBBER SHOE CO.’S goods are the best You need Rubbers without We have them in all styles, sizes Order now; always, but can take better care of you now than when we are rushed later on. =TSPe ey Op Oy > Oy Oy Oy Oo Oy Oy Oy Oy Oy On Oy bn Oy Op Op Oy Oy Oy Oy > Oy Oy i i hh hn, bn i, bn i hy bb bb we are busy | FPO GF OOOO OFF FOF OOS OOO OTTO OCRGOUFGVPIPGORPODOI POO SG GOV OOO D HODGES GOGO OO O OO O>O> Or Gr Or Gr Or Or Oy Or Or On Or, Ont bn bn br by by by by by dp dy > Gn ap OLD # COLONY § RUBBERS GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Abb bbb bo tr by & 6 b > br br b> br b> by Oy b> bn bp bp i by tn > > vo POs i hi hi i i ha ha ho ho hi he ho hi ho ha hi hi ha ha ha hi i te hi he hin ha ha ha FUG GOOUGVOG FUG OOO GOOG OOO GFOPOPOSGOSTCPCPPGCGVAIGFVGVVFIVOP FOV OO OOD FINE JERSEY BUCKLE ARCTIC, in up-to-date last, net $1.06 per pair. Send for a sample pair and be convinced that they are seconds IN NAME ONLY. HIRTH, KRAUSE & CO., cranp rapips, micu. yreyevvuvvvvuvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvuvuvvvvvvyvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvd' OOOOOO000 90000000 00004 000 _ pp hbbbbbbobodbboobotbe te b> bbe by tnd by by tmdnénd yevvvvVvVvVvVvVvVvVvVvVV_VCCVCVCVCTCCVCTVCVVCCCT?. vy a vo aoa VuvVy ee ee bbb 4y GSS SS SF SSS FFF GOOG OS GOV OOO OD QB dn Gnd by bn bn bn bp by bn bn by bn bn bn bn by br bp bn bn bn bn On bo Gn dy bn i Op Gn On a hp tp tp pp te 9OOOO000S 99909099 99900990 9990999099099 009 00090080 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 51 EARLY DAYS. Interesting Reminiscences from the Pen of H. B. Fairchild.* One year ago to-night I was invited to a place at your annual supper, and am thankful that I am once again hon- ored. When your President asked me if I would make a few remarks, I an- swered, ‘‘Not on your tin type!’’ re- membering some former experiences when I attempted an oration. My first experience in speechmaking was re- ceived, however, with great enthusiasm. It was at a private school exhibition in 1855. After careful preparation I landed the following: ‘‘Boys and girls, did you ever see a frog? When it stands, it sits; when it runs, it jumps."’ Up to this evening that is the longest speech I have ever been able to make. My sec- ond attempt was in Buffalo in 1868. I had won as a trophy for best general play in a home baseball game a silver- mounted rosewood baseball bat. The town club and friends assembled at a with his want list in one hand and in the other a copy of the Tradesman he’d filched from his grocer, and he was get- ting. the cost of every article on his memorandum so he could queer the dealer.’’ Well, the drug editor again came to the rescue and translated the names of the drugs int~ Latin, so that when the grocer wanted Epsom salts he could not check up the druggist in sulphate magnesium, and did not rec- ognize calomel as MHydraag Chlor Mite. Then said the drug editor to himself, ‘‘I think I’ll have a rest now.’' Notso. Down comes the editor one day and wants a column of matter relating to market changes. ‘‘Now,’’ says he, ‘‘Mr. Sidney Stevens, editor of the hardware market, says nails have gone up, and he gives a reason for it; so I want you to tell the trade why tartar emetic comes up so easily and why cas- tor oil goes down so quickly.’’ Now, I believe the editor is satisfied. He has not called on me lately for anything additional, so I believe the drug mar- We are the ———_____ * Rubber House in Michigan and handle the best line of rubber goods that are made. Candee Rubber Boots and Shoes are the The second grade Federals; made by thesame Company. The third grade Bristol. Write for Price Lists. See our line of Felt and Knit Boots, Socks, Mitts, Gloves, Etc., before you bny. Studley & Barclay, 4 Monroe Street, Grand Rapids, flich. Oldest Exclusive banquet. After coffee, a man I had al- ket and its editor are satisfactory. ae — ways supposed to be my friend arose I congratulate you on the prosperity ct re sit and, pointing his finger at me, desired | the Company, due to the careful super- bg me to stand up. That was dead easy. | Vision of its management and the faith- E He then started in on a ten-minute | fu! service of its employes. e fe outs , presentation speech, filled with embar- eS * sf > oe ees was rassing references to my superior ball Why He Was an Idiot. : ‘Apous~ playing, and ending by handing me the] There is a story told of a very talka- Tit r bat across the table. From the time he |tive Jady who ot ok oe HE opr PouBLE Gen R commenced to speak up to the close of | rebuke at a social gathering not long his remarks, I had been uneasily chang- . oH husband i f bi by ing my position. I first relieved myself = Se DRop Us 4 PostAlw WELL, SENp Cahlewe > eee PaO 4 se di : iy pking one tilad-en the table < thes standing in the world of science, but both; then the gloom began to deepen and the dishes to rattle in front of me, I was rattled myself. Then my knees began to give way, so that when he handed me the bat I was just able to say, *‘ Boys, | am glad of it!’’ as I sank in nervous fright into a chair. A year ago J found it quite the thing for your very nervous and excitable de- signer, and the equally nervous proof reader, to read their remarks; so I shall ask the privilege of reading my drug market—if I can keep my legs under the lady regards him asa dreamer of impossible dreams. ‘‘Do you know,’’ she remarked, ‘that genius and im- becility are twin brothers? The world regards John asa genius. Now, there are times when I believe him to be an idiot.’’ A painful silence followed, broken by a blunt old docior who had overheard the remark. ‘*Are we to understand, madam,’’ he said, ‘‘that Prof. Y., although your hus- band, is so lightly esteemed by you?’’ ‘‘I say what I think,’’ she retorted. Sf Wilk Give You OUR REASONS FOR Syl fis HK BEST Au CHEAPEST PREI/LENG GAS GENERA, MADE ~ APPROVED Py FIRE UNDERWRITERS. Pw eTRie Co, MRS. poaieteses Mien. me long enough. | i ‘‘At times John is unmistakably an Looking back into the history of the| jdiot.’’ Tradesman, I well remember the boy- ‘* Merely because he is your husband?’’ BS SS Sid eS eA iS is i a aaa ee ish-looking editor, fresh—very fresh—| “Sip!” from the field of daily journalism, who “*Ohb, very well,’’ was the grim re- T 0 FN Ss called at our office with the question, joinder. ‘‘We will put it another way. ) “Is there room in this State for a mer-| He js your husband because he is an cantile paper, and will you help sup-|jdiot. Will that do2’’ port one?’’ QOur answer was, ‘“‘Yes, and = for eS = ex- tent of $100 per annum.’’ Nothing shows the growth and influence of the paper We have ae so much as to say we are now paying $400 for the same space, and that we are getting the worth of our money. With the encouraging words of Dr. men’s Medium Priced Hazeltine ringing in his ears, he sought Shoes that are Money the co-operation of other houses in job- i bing lines, ascertained the needs and Winners. The most of necessities of the retail trade, inciden- them sold at Bill Price. tally bidding for the friendship of the We are still making the traveling men, and started out to Men’«< Hetes Shocs in create something out of nothing—a : : ga nega handsome property where nothing exist- Oil Grain and Satin; also ed before. How well he has succeeded carry Snedicor & Hatha way’s Shoes at Factory you are quite as able to judge as my- self, but I think this bountiful table and Price in Men’s, Boys’ and Youths’. Lycoming and the half hundred happy faces I see Keystone Rubbers are the around it betokens the success of the the business world better than any words * best. See our Salesmen NOIW OPEN a AGETYLENE GAS GENERATOR Greenville, June 17, 1808. Geo. F. Owen & Co, Gentlemen—In answer to yours of the 15th, would say that the gas plant put in our county house by youis work- ing to ourentire satisfaction. The light is soft and abundant. Our Keeper is more than pleased with it. We think it just ihe thing for buildings of this kind. J. P. SHOEMAKER, Supt. Poor. © feo. F. Owen & C0. “wes A line of Men’s and Wo- CAAA WG PACE OEG) TR RC RRC Ne NONE NENG NERO RORORERS ke i Tradesman and the place it occupies in « er can describe. : 25 Qa The drug editor was in evidence a or send mail orders. . he “4 the start. There were columns to be Le filled each week, and brain—and scis- GEO. H. REEDER & CO., (al lval LaF o sors—ran short of copy. I was asked to 19 S. Ionia St., Grand Rapids, Mich. sp imme aes fill the page on which our advertisement ey * cs appeared with matters pertinent to the Tee ae drug business and also ee geet: supor its ability to Foactet |° tain piece . of work. just as well as an~ other, ‘but sigh’ '4egs-expenditure; tof tims and money. °A suetessfull’marifactoret | must watch all these things. A single awkward motion may not mean much, nor one needless turning of a mirror frame, but in a factory where the output of bureaus alone is four hundred a day, this same awkward motion repeated four hundred times means wages paid for no return. When you count the many parts that go into each piece of furniture, when you estimate the number of hands laid upon each bureau before it passes the shipping clerk, you-may realize what a chance is here for loss of money. The same watchfulness must be kept over material to see that it is economically used. Machines must be tested and their productive power brought to the highest; in fact, the manufacturer must be ever on the alert to save time and labor. The result of this has been a steady gain in methods of work and a constant improvement in machinery. The wood carvers’ strike in 1890 had its effect in hastening the perfection of the carving machine, which is now in general use. This strike may have for a time diminished the amount of carv- ing used, but only temporarily and did not make as great a difference in the number of hand carvers employed as the public generally supposes. To-day ina factory employing 460 men there are forty carvers at work. It did, however, have the effect of taking that branch of business from the tyrannical domination of the union and left the factories free to establish their own rules as to number of apprentices and the hours of work, In the matter of design there has been constant change during the past fifteen years. These changes have depended upon the demand of the public for something new. Once the popular taste insisted upon height. A bed, to be de- sirable, must have a high headboard and the work of the designer consisted in covering this elevation of eleven feet with something elaborate and massive. With all the changes through which de- signs have passed, it can not be said that a distinct style has yet been de- veloped. Various styles have been pop- ular for a time and then have passed out of fashion. Once there. was a prepon- derance of Byzantine work; again Six- teenth Century; then Louis XV. and Empire designs. Qne season the pre- vailing lines were straight ; another sea- son showed only curves. Various fin- ishes have been used with all kinds of te Columbian Cransfer Company Wagons. Carriages, Baggage and Freight Teaming of all kinds. We have leased the Cold and Dry We solicit your patronage. Storage Buildings on Winter St., and added a special room for storage of butter, eggs, fruit and produce of all kinds needing cold or dry storage. Prices for storage upon application. TELEPHONE 381, MAIN OFFICE. TELEPHONE 23, STORAGE. Columbian Cransfer Company. ip a No.7%. Surrey Harness. Price, $16.00. Wagons. Send for large, free As good as sells for $25. but have sold direct to the con- sumer for 25 years at whole- sale prices, saving him the dealer's profits. Ship any- where for examination. Everything warranted. 118 styles of Vehicles, ‘ify 55 styles of Harness. Top Buggies, $36 to $70. eu V PIS ent $50 to $125. Carria- ry J) _= ges, Phaetons, Traps, Wagon- {\ \> P = ettes, Spring-Road and Milk Catalogue of all our styles. Ses ON ee No. 606 Surrey. Price, with curtains, lamps, sun- shade, apron and fenders, $60. As urtains laps se ELKHART canelace AND HAENESS MFG. OO. W. B. PRATT, Sec’y, ELKHART, IN. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 03 stains in all colors. For a few years past especial attention hag been paid to the reproduction of antiques, following especially the Dutch styles, or Flemish Renaissance, as it is called. Each one of these new styles origin- ates with one of our best factories. It is the work of a designer possessed of high artistic skill and of extended knowledge in allied subjects. These designs are the result of months of study and careful research—not the accidental wanderings of an artistic pencil. The factory takes these designs, puts upon them the best workmanship and gives to the market pieces possessed of real ar- tistic merit. For a time the articles sell at.a worthy price, but soon the makers of cheap work imitate, the desirability of the design is gone and the designer must again search for something new. This is the process that goes on con- stantly and must continue as long as the market demands new styles in furni- ture, side by side with fashions in other things. The effect, while it has not been gratifying to our best factories, has cer- tainly increased. the number of good de- signers and has improved the style of cheaper furniture. The progress of the business for the past fifteen years shows a steady in- crease up to 1893. The furniture inter- ests suffered with the rest and 1894 and 1895 showed a falling off in volume as well as in demand for high-priced goods; 1896 showed an increase in volume as well as a corresponding improvement in grade of goods sold. Each season since then the upward grade has continued until the July just passed shows larger sales of better goods than any other sea- son since January, 1893. Within the past fifteen years the so- called Furniture Exposition bas grown up. When the plan developed of get- ting out new designs twice a year, the customers fell into the habit of coming here in January and July ‘‘to look over the market.’’ No definite record has been kept of the number that came, nor the exact date of the pioneer advent. Until July, 1893, there is no record at all, but at that time the matter took on such importance that statistics were gathered and have since been kept. That date showed 161 buyers. Each season since has yielded a decidedly steady increase, July, 1896, being the exception. For July, 1898, the number reached 550, coming from almost every state in the Union and from Canada. When this semi-annual gathering be- came a settled thing, it occurred to out- side firms that here, at that time, were the buyers of furniture and whoever wished to sell must get the eye and ear of the buyers before they had supplied all their furniture needs with Grand Rapids goods. So they came with their samples, a few at first, but each season brought more, until the July just passed swelled the number to over 160. At first, they rented rooms wherever they could find them. Later, buildings were erected especially for their occu- pancy and they grouped themselves in these. This summer has marked the erection of the largest building yet. It is five stories high and has a floor space of 300,000 feet, or about seven acres. It is built with especial reference to ad- vantageous display of samples and offers to the visiting salesman every facility for transacting business. Its very name, Furniture Exposition Building, indi- cates the element of permanency that this semi-annual pilgrimage of outside interests has assumed. Wherever there is a good market for one thing, kindred lines will follow. Constant additions have been made to the variety of goods shown, until this year many allied lines were offered by outside sellers. These lines included lamps, statuary, bric-a-brac, bedding, crockery, pictures, picture frames, rugs, stoves and ranges, veneers, choice lum- bers and various furniture supplies. There has been some attempt to induce the carpet and drapery men to exhibit here at the same time, but they have not yet found it wise to do so. Whether this condition of things is an advantage to our local manufacturers and to our city is still a mooted ques- tion, but the opinion is growing among the leading furniture men that such an inpouring of outside interests works for Grand Rapids evil rather than good. Our manufacturers have built up these great home interests—interests that have made our city what it is Aside from the support that naturally accrues to a city from extensive manufacturing, some of these firms pay as high as $7,000 annual tax. Is it fair to them that these outside establishments be allowed to come here free of tax and compete with our home market? Certainly here is a question which it behooves not only the furniture men, but those interested in the welfare of our city toconsider. This is the problem which the past fifteen years has set and which the coming years must solve. FLORENCE MILNER. ——_>2.___ The Battle for Business. From the Baltimore American. Trade competition grows sharper and sharper in this country every year. The multiplication of our manufacturing es- tablishments has given an enormous in- crease to the annual output and the re- sult has been lower prices and smaller margins for profit for the manufacturer, the jobber and the retailer alike. This is not a feature to which American business men seriously object, if they can make the volume of business in- crease in proportion to the decrease in their profit on each article sold. Many of them have known for years that this change was coming, and have profited accordingly by enlarging their opera- tions and getting ready for the new trade conditions. : > 0+ ___ Dollar Prices. From the Boston Transcript. It was just about a year ago that the cry of ‘‘dollar wheat’’ was heard all over the land, and it was kept up until May of the present year, when the bub- ble burst. The Pennsylvania papers are now rejoicing over the rise in the price of petroleum to $1 a barrel. The Pitts- burg Chronicle says that oil is worth $3 or $4 a barrel, and the fact that people are foolish enough to sell the precious fluid for 50 or 60 cents amounts to al- most acrime. It hints at the possible exhaustion of the supply in the near fu- ture and wonders that no efficient steps are taken to husband the resource and to get as good a price for it as possible. Blessed Angels. The bronzed soldier looked at the package addressed to him with mois- tened eyes. ‘*Blessed angels,’’ he said, ‘‘they do not forget us.’’ Then he carefully took off the wrap- pings and found— A nail brush. An ornamental hair receiver. A pair of tidies. A small bottle of mixed pickles. A tract. A hand painted blotting pad, and A pants stretcher. —__—_> 0. —__ Firm in the Belief. ‘‘Old Bilger bas got the anti-impe- rialist fever bad.’’ ‘*What's he done?’’ : ‘*His wife bought a new extension table and he sent it right back.’’ A ee ~ . a A A. HE “CLIMAX” FAMILY QiL CA ——_—_ The Hinged Cover on this can Protects the Entire Top, preventing Rain or Dirt from entering the can. rs Are made from the Best Quality Galvanized Iron, and Every Can Carefully Tested for Imperfections before leaving the factory. * Has a Steady Stream Pump which is Removable from the Can in Case of Obstruc- > tions or for Repairs, and the Discharge Tube is ar- ranged so that It Can Be Turned to the Outside for Filling High Lamps. ? - Has No Equal on the Mar- ket at the Price. Sold by jobberseverywhere. Man- } ufactured by HY 4 $< $<». <<... 4 EEE EEO yor WE GE \ Lala aa ty PNW falls a 7 RECT BY Ty AT a YN. 4 % SS. SS SS. SS OO OO OO On Oe STANDARD IL 0 DEALERS IN ILLUMINATING AND LUBRICATING NAPHTHA AND GASOLINES Office and Works, BUTTERWORTH AVE., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Bulk works at Grand Rapids, Muskegon, Manistee, Cadillac, Big Rap- ids, Grand Haven, Traverse City, Ludington, Allegan, Howard City, Petoskey, Reed City, Fremont, Hart, Whitehall, Holland and Fennville \ Highest Price Paid for Empty Carbon and Gasoline Barrels. "LO. LL 2 je '— LP LO - LO. LP. ’e a’ ° ° ° ° ° ° ~ 5 ae heen Mead 54 MICHIGAN GOTHAM GOSSIP. News from the Metropolis---Index to the Market. Special Correspondence. New York, Sept. 3—Insufferably hot weather has interfered with trade to some extent this week. There is very little enthusiasm among buyers when the thermometer is a machine registering from 95 to 100 each day. They prefer the cooling ocean breezes and will come back when the conditions improve. A little disturbance to trade is created by the home returning of the army and there seems to be a sort of holiday feel- ing in the very atmosphere. Business, nevertheless, is good and on every side are huge piles of cases going to all parts of the country. While the coffee market may be called steady, and prices show no material change, the volume of business is not especially large, and both out-of-town and city:buyers seem to be holding off for the moment, as they are probably sufficiently well stocked to keep them going for a while. The stock in store and afloat aggregates 1,049,558 bags, against 790,803 bags at the same time last year. There has been very little done in a speculative way. Rio No. 7 closes at 6 7-16c. West India coffees have been in lighter request than last week. Jobbers and importers seem to be unable to reach an agreement. The lowest rate for good Cucuta is about gi4c. East India sorts are without in- terest and nominal quotations prevail. The raw sugar market is more active and refiners are bidding 1-16c more for 96 deg. centrifugals. Some large sales are reported on the advance and refined shows greater activity. Thursday and Friday were both good sugar days and dealers generally seemed anxious to lay in good stocks. The Arbuckle refinery is now taking orders for some package goods at 5%c for both two and five pound packages. They will not yet take orders for full cars of package goods, but make sales of 25 barrels and 175 cases. Very little animation bas been dis- played in the tea market, the transac- tions being mostly for certain chops that sell all the teme. The sale next week Thursday is awaited with consid- erable interest by the trade, and until then the marke. must remain without anything of interest to note. The rice market is steady and hold- ers are very confident as to the future. No concessions are made to buyers, nor do the latter seem to expect any. They take it at full rates and some very good orders were placed. Prime to choice, 5 4 @6c. Supplies of spices are not overabun- dant and the market generally isin good shape. Orders have come to hand ina quite satisfactory manner for the time of year and dealers seem satisfied with the outlook. Prices generally are firm- ly adhered to, especially in the case of pepper. The weather has been distinctly un- favorable for Dealers insist upon full rates, however, and seem content to wait rather than make any important concession. The low grades seem to be meeting with bet- ter request than the finer goods. Syrups are moving in a fairly satisfactory way and at full values, although the very hot weather exerts an untoward influence. Lemons and oranges have both taken on a new lease of life during the week, the former selling at an advance of about 35@s5oc per box. Previous rates were obtained at auction for California oranges. Lemons, choice Sicily, 300s, $5@5.50; and from this through all prices up to $6 for fancy fruit. The range is Close to $5 for average sorts. Dried fruits are quiet and the situa- tion generally is a waiting one. Deal- ers who are well posted, however, are confident as to the future and firm in their views as to values. There isa moderate demand for fancy evaporated apples at roc. Prunes are firm, but not much business is going forward. Salmon and tomatoes are the two most interesting articles on the canned goods list, and everything points to firm prices and active demand during the the molasses market. remainder of the year. Tomatoes have advanced 5c, Maryland selling at 7oc f. o. b. The supply of California fruits in this market 1s light and the assort- ment is not large. Corn is very firm, _ New York at 75c for No. 2 stand- ard. Friday's receipts of butter were but 4,823 packages. Business is almost en- tirely suspended and the hot waves soon make oil of butter that-is outside of cold storage. Strictly fancy creamery butter is worth 18%c and possibly in some instances a trifle more has been paid. The accumulation is not large of this grade, but qualities that do not come up to the standard are piling up. Holders would be glad to dispose of larger quantities if a slight concession would attract buyers, but no one seems willing to take any risk as long as the heat is so excessive. Western creamery firsts, 174%4@18c. June extras from cold storage are worth 18%@ioc. Imitation creamery extras, 15%@l6c, firsts 1334 @14c; extra June factory, 14c; firsts, 13@13 ec. The cheese market, in sympathy with butter, is showing hardly a bit of life. The demand is very light and prices have sagged until fancy stock can hardly be quoted at better than 74@ 73%c, for large size, with small about Ic above this. A good deal of cheese is going into cold storage and it could not be sold at to-day's rates without loss. Receipts of eggs have been quite large, but with a holiday and boiling weather, the eggs must be disposed of at considerable concession or stored. Sales are made of prime to fancy Michi- gan eggs at 16@16%c, but this is the very top. The market will doubtless react as soon as cooler weather sets, in. A decided decline set in a few days ago in marrow beans, but it has not, as yet, stimulated buying. Choice mar- rows are worth $1.70; choice medium, $1.25@1 30; choice pea, $1.20@1.25. ————_»>_ > Organization of Growers To Control Raisin Prices. It is said that the Raisin Growers’ Association of California is a success and that 90 per cent. of the acreage is represented in the organization, while 5 per cent. more is expected before ship- ment begins. Porter Bros. are now in the pool, which includes virtualiy every large packer in the State. Ata recent meeting the following resolution was adopted : Resolved—That the board of directors of this Association be required to pass a resolution giving permission to all persons or corporations who have pooled their grapes and raisins with this As- sociation to dispose of their grapes in any manner they prefer, except that such grapes, when made into raisins, shall be sold only through the California Raisin Growers’ Association, and the power to impose a penalty of $20 per acre for a violation of the growers’ con- tract, in the event of grapes being made into raisins and sold outside of the As- sociation, shall be reserved by said di- rectors and rigidly enforced. About all the trustees will attempt to do this year will be to put the Associa- tion on a business basis. If successful in that, it means better returns for grow- ers than. ever before and no higher prices for consumers. The difficulty of the raisin trade heretofore has been the uneven grading and the disposition to overcrowd the markets and force down prices. The Association will prevent that by supplying only such quantities as are required by consumers. ——__>2>___ Railway development in Venezuela has been neither so extensive nor con- tinuous as in many other South Ameri- can republics, Concessions innumerable have been granted, but there are many enterprises which never get beyond the concession stage. It is true there are several English-owned railways in that republic, but they have not been so — as might have been desired y their shareholders. —_—_o2-»___ When your wife is perfectly sure that a_ missing article is not in a certain place, that is the best place to look for it. The best are the cheapest TRADESMAN and’ these we can always SEEDS :: ALFRED J. BROWN SEED CO. 24 and 26 North Division Street, Grand Rapids, Mich. S E E DS ALL KINDS FIELD SEEDS PEACHES MOSELEY BROS. 26-28-30-32 OTTAWA ST. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. ORDERS SOLICITED AT MARKET VALUE EST. 1876. peg ee Seo eS 2S eSeSeSeSe2SeSeSeSeSe5e5eSe2Se25e5e5e5e5eSs We are always Headquarters for BUTTER, EGGS, FRUITS and GENERAL PRODUCE > Correspondence solicited. nl HERIIANN C. NAUMANN & CO. Main Office, 33 Woodbridge St., W. DETRO!T Branch Store, 353 Russell Street, 86252626262 SeSeSeSeSeseSeSeSe seSeSeseSeseseSeseseses SEPEEETEETEEE EE ETE POOR BUTTER? is never found in our 1-2-3 and 5-lb. pack- ages. We make a specialty of STRICTLY FANCY CREAMERY. | MAYNARD & REED, 54SOUTH'ONIA ST. Pe GooGePreoeFoefoeho Gor GoefoeGoehorhofoeoeh EVERETT P. TEASDALE. MILLER & TEASDALE CO. WHOLESALE BROKERAGE AND COMMISSION. FRUITS, NUTS, PRODUCE APPLES AND POTATOES WANTED WRITE US. ST. LOUIS, [10. Consignments solicited directly to our house, 874 Washington Street, NEW YORK. Our Eastern Connec- tion enables us to realize our shipper’s full market value for any stock re- ceived at either place. Eseesas $444 HARVEY P. MILLER. 835 NORTH THIRD ST., 830 NORTH FOURTH ST., ESTABLISHED 1886. F. CUTLER & SONS BUTTER, EGGS AND POULTRY. REFERENCES: State Savings Bank, Ionia, and the Commercial Agencies. For cash prices F. O. B. your station. Write us at IONIA, MICH. CBDOOQGENCNEXS) HLOOQGQOOQOO HOOOOOOGQHDOOQOQOOQOE Ship your BUTTER AND EGGS to —_—_—_——=. N. WOHLFELDER & CO. WHOLESALE GROCERS. ) 399-401-403 High Street, E., - LARGE, FANCY, YELLOW GRAWFORD PEACHES MELONS.--Yellow Musk, Osage, Sweetheart Watermelons. Grapes, Pears, Plums, Apples. Lemons, Oranges and ee Bananas. New Potatoes, Celery, Tomatoes, Sweet Pota- toes, Cabbage, New Dry Onions, Turnips, Carrots, Squash. BUNTING & CO. = Jobbers - Grand Rapids, Mich. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 550 MEAT TRADE. Work Less Arduous, But Competi- tion Stronger and Profits Smaller. Being selected from among the many retail merchants of Grand Rapids to prepare a historical paper for your very popular publication, I feel that I should be wanting in courtesy should I fail to respond to the honor conferred upon me by your request. Writing is entirely out of my line, and, in order to treat the subject at all, I will be obliged to sim- ply detail my own experience since coming to the city of Grand Rapids nineteen years ago. I began learning my trade with H. I. Plett, of 63 South Division street, at “that time one of the largest wholesale and, retail meat dealers in Western Mich- igan. Mr. Plett was educated for the business in Germany. He served an ap- prenticeship of three years without any compensation whatever. He is what we call an educated butcher. He is one of the best judges of stock in the country and, as a packer and general meat mer- chant, he has no eq ual. Fifteen years ago local meat dealers did a heavy wholesale business in the northern part of the State, which called for heavy shipments of meat every week. That now is a thing of the past, toa great extent. Instead of having the Nurth woods to supply with meat the Northern farmers are now supplying this market with stock; also supplying Buffalo and Chicago to some extent.. Fifteen years ago most all the meat dealers here did their own killing. They went into the country, did their own buying, and their own slaughter house was looked upon as a strictly necessary thing by any butcher doing a good busi- ness. We also had wholesale slaughterers in those days—McCrath Bros , Gifford & Lewis and Fish & Wykes were about the only ones that were in the business to any great extent. Those were the days we had to hustle. It was a common occurrence to go to the slaughter house at 2 and 3 o'clock in the morning, get a load of meat, take it to the market, weigh the same, take it to the Grand Rapids & Indiana freight house and load it into a freight car going North at § o’clock in the morning. We kept open until 9 and to o'clock at night and during the pack- ing months it was a common occurrence for us to work until 12 o'clock at night. But the packing business is also gone. The large wholesale dealer can furnish us with everything, from a sausage casing to a barrel of pork, cheaper than the retailer can make it. As the say- ing is, the packer loses nothing but the squeal and, no doubt, in time the squeal will be bottled and the retailer com- pelled to pay for it. The retail busi- ness is conducted somewhat differently than it was in those days. We have in our city two large Chicago wholesale houses, where the meat merchant can go and get anything he wants in the meat or sausage line; but the up to- date dealer makes his own sausages in these days. We formerly used _ the rocker altogether, but during the past few years improved machinery has come to the front and electricity, gas and water power are now in general use in the sausage factory to lighten the work. There are a great many different kinds of sausages made and the Ameri- can people are falling in line with the German in using them to a great extent. Fifteen years ago it seems to me we lived somewhat differently than to-day. People then used more boiling meat, soup meat and stews than at the present time. Steaks and chops now take the lead, which is very humiliating to the dealer at times, because there are so few of those fancy cuts in a carcass. There are many ups and downs in the meat business. We have the inex- perienced to contend with. There are farmers who will come to the city, walk through a meat market and call themselves butchers. They will squat in some locality and, as long as capital lasts and credit holds out, they will slash prices, to the detriment of many for the time being, but the crash must come and the wholesaler generally gets it in the neck. At the present time butchers can go to the wholesale boxes and get cuts of all kinds in meats, which helps the inexperienced very much. The meat boxes also injure the retail trade by selling hotels, restaurants and other large consumers of meat. This evil can be remedied only by thorough organization among the retail dealers. More credit business is done now than formerly, due in large part to the use of the telephone and also to the fact that a great deal of meat is sold by personal solicitation. Many meat deal- ers have customers whom they have never seen. They receive the orders by telephone or from the order man, rendering memoranda with all orders and statements at the end of each month. This has a tendency to split up the orders into small amounts, fre- quently compelling the dealer to fill or- ders for one-half pound of steak, on which the margin can not exceed a cent or two, yet the time of the delivery man and team, to say nothing of the wear and tear of wagon, harness and horseshoes, amounts to ten times that amount. PHILIP HILBER. —__+-2»___ The Correct Tactics. ‘*You_ pay too much attention to your husband, my dear. He will tire of you if you do.’’ “*But I don’t care to flirt with other men.’”’ ‘*You don’t have to. Only make him think it pleases you to have him flirt with other women.”’ —___>0»—___— a Ought to Know. Ethel—Wby does your father object to Fred? Marie— Pa tried to borrow $10 of him. ‘*And Fred wouldn’t let him have it?’’ ‘‘No, Fred gave it to him, and now pa says that Fred is a fool.”’ —_»>0>—___ When a woman tells her husband that she wants to have a plain talk with him, it means that she wants him to confess something. 9000000 0-0-00-0-00000000000000 Ship your BUTTER AND EGGS to 3 R. HIRT, Jr., Detroit, Mich. 34 and 36 Market Street, 43574377439 Winder Street. Cold Storage and Freezing House in connection. Capacity 75 carloads. Correspondence solicited. 6000000000000 0000000000006 Dy FREE SAMPLE TO LIVE MERCHANTS Our new Parchment-Lined, Odorless Butter Packages. Light as paper. The only way to deliver Butter to your customers. (EM FIBRE PACKAGE C0., DETROIT. POULTRY WANTED Live Poultry wanted, car lots or less. H. N. RANDALL PRODUCE CO.,Tekonsha, Mich. Write us for prices. 9OOO0000 000000000000000 00060000 00009000000000008 ; HARRIS & FRUTCHEY Only Exclusive Wholesale BUTTER and EGG House in Detroit. Have every facility for han- dling large or small quantities. Will buy on track at your station Butter in sugar barrels, crocks or tubs. Also fresh gathered Eggs. 9OO000000000000000600000 @ 0000000000000000 AAVIrNerverververververververeerverververververververerververnnrvererttezs GN. Rappsé6o = —- General Gommission Merchants 56 W. Market St., Buffalo, N. Y. SE Do not be deceived by unreliable concerns and promises; we will advance you liberally on your TOPNOP NT NONE TNE NNT NTN NEAT shipments. Write for our daily price list and instructions for shipping all perishable fruits to insure good condition on arrival. JUMUMA GAA AAL ASL ANA AAA SAA Jb4 Jb Jhb Jb Jb AbA bh bh bk Jb4 Jbd Jbd Jbd ddd Jbd ddd rCNVUIVIVYIUYITUTUVIUYITVTUVUVIT ULV ITY NUVI ert? Now in Their Prime CRAWFORD PEACHES and all other choice BARTLETT PEARS, GRAPES. PLUMS Quick shipments. ANY FRUITS and VEGETABLES are furnished to the best advantage by the VINKEMULDER COMPANY, GRAND RaPIDs. varieties. Be Lt < 4 $ = 3 tag nar ASEH RNAS jal 06 MICHIGAN - TRADESMAN LUMBER TRADE. Marked Decrease in the Volume of the Business. The changes in the lumber business for the past fifteen years have been ex- treme, both in the amount of the output as well as the method of manufacture and marketing the product; also in the substitution of other woods for building purposes in the place of white and Nor- way pine. In the State of Michigan during 1882 and for a few years subsequent, the out- put reached its maximum. The lumber manufactured for building purposes was practically all white and Norway pine. This timber, growing on or tributary to the rivers and waterways, was put in rapidly, with little regard paid to the small timber and hemlock which was subsequently culled over two or three times. It is interesting to note the fol- lowing, taken from the records of the Tittabawassee Boom Co., showing how the size of logs has shrunk on that stream during the past thirty years, as follows: 1865 they averaged 249) feet. 1875 they averaged 16614 feet. 1885 they averaged 115 feet. 1895 they averaged go feet. The total amount manufactured in Michigan during 1887 was 4,450,000, 000 feet, while during 1897 there was only 2,465,000,000 feet manufactured, of which 350,000,000 feet was hemlock and a large amount hardwood. The amount manufactured during 1897, as stated above, was increased by about 600,000,000 feet sawed, by the Green Bay Shore mills, which can hardly be con- sidered in speaking of the State of Michigan output. The Saginaw Valley mills’ largest cut was in 1882, 1,011,274,605 feet; 1897, 339, 000, 000 feet. The Muskegon mills’ largest cut was in 1887, 665,000,000; 1897, 25,000,000. The Manistee mills’ largest cut was in 1892, 300,000,000; 1897, 200,000, 000. The decreased cut at the other lake ports and mills was about in the same proportion. Lumbering prior to 1880 was prac- tically all done in the wintertime, hauled by sleighs on snow anywhere from one to ten miles back from the railroads or streams. As the timber be- came exhausted along the watercourses, logging railroads were found to be prac- tical and were put in where there were large bodies of timber back in the in- terior. Thus the logs were brought in from ten to fifty miles and timber put in that years ago was considered almost worthless. Mills went in rapidly also at about this time on the lumber railroads, such as the Michigan Central, F. & P. M., G. R. & L, C. & W. M. and the D. L. & N. The railroads also caught onto the idea of hauling logs by rail in order to get the freight haul when man- ufactured It would seem that everything about this time combined to see how fast the timber could be cut. This was further stimulated by the boom years of 1890, *9! and ’92, until to-day it would seem that the grand result has been ac- complished. Holders of pine who sur- vived the panic of 1873, or were wise enough to acquire tracts of pine by1880o, made large fortunes; but the timber is gone and we who are now left prosecut- ing the good work in Michigan have to take the skimmed milk, well watered at that. Most of the lumber manufactured at the lake ports prior to 1883 was shipped in vessels to Chicago, Milwau- Cleveland, and sold in carload lots, making three grades only: cull, com- mon and uppers. The mills about this time commenced sorting and shipping their products to the retail dealer direct by rail. In 1883, about 80 per cent. was shipped by water; to-day at Saginaw they ship about 60 per cent. by rail; Manistee about the same, while Mus- kegon ships by rail altogether, making, perhaps, twelve grades where they for- merly made three. In 1887 there were forty mills around Muskegon Lake, cut- ting out a fortune every twenty-four hours. A view of most of these mills could be had at one time from the bluffs—a sight never before equaled in the world. A_ fleet of lumber boats left this port every day of the season, largely destined for Chicago. A lumber boat to day would create passing interest. There are four mills only running there not only in the cities, but every little crossroad village having a lumber yard keeps a full stock of finish flooring and siding—even in our own State as far north as Grand Rapids, Muskegon and Saginaw. White pine and Norway piece stuff are being supplanted by hemlock. Ten years ago hemlock was very little used. There was great prejudice against it on the part of carpenters, and they can not be blamed, as hemlock slivers are a source of wonder and have done much to in- duce the use of profane language. How- ever, the lower prices of hemlock and competition have gradually forced it to the front, until to-day most yards carry full stocks of piece stuff, flooring, barn siding and common boards for roofing and sheathing. Yellow poplar or white- wood from the mountainous states of the South is being substituted to a large ex- eet to-day, the largest mill getting its sup- ply of pine logs from the north part of the State by rail, a distance of 200 miles. What would a railroad manager think of hauling logs 200 miles in order to secure the freight fifteen years ago and have to build sixty miles of new line to get the timber at that! It would seem that under these circumstances pine lumber would be much higher at the present time than during 1883 to 1890, but values have changed very lit- tle. Norway stumpage is worth much less. Good Norway strips will not bring within $5 per thousand at the retail yard of what they would in 1888. Nor- way car sills are also lower. This has been brought about by the substitution of yellow pine from Arkansas, the Gulf States and the Carolinas. The same is true of white pine common strips for kee, Toledo, Buffalo, Tonawanda and flooring. Yellow pine is used to-day, tent for the upper grades of white pine for doors and blinds and finishing lum- ber. These grades are about the same in price as they were fifteen years ago. The saws used in the mills prior to 1883 were mostly circular, making a saw kerf of from ¥ to 5-16 inch. The band mill, making a kerf of only 1-16 of an inch, has been perfected and in practical use for some ten years. The supply of pine in Michigan,and the Lower Penin- sula particularly, is almost exhausted. Some few mills in Manistee havea sup- ply of from four to eight years; one mili at Muskegon has ten years’ supply, getting it in by rail, as stated before. The others saw bemlock only. Saginaw and Bay City mills get the bulk of their supply from Canada, towing the logs across the lake. The Alpena district has several years’ supply. There are no mills sawing pine on the C. & W. M., none on the D., L. & N., only one or two onthe F. & P. M.,a few on the Michigan Central and the Detroit and Mackinaw. The only mills onthe G. R. & I. are at Cadillac, which have perhaps three years’ supply. The Cadillac lumbermen are already ac- quiring large tracts of hardwocd and hemfock, Cobbs & Mitchell and Mitchell Bros. having each purchased about 30,000 acres, while the Cummer combi- nation is said to have acquired 18,000 acres. Shore mills and interior mills are doing the same. It would seem that the future lumber business in Michigan from now on will be mostly hemlock and the hardwoods. WALTER C. WINCHESTER. +» 2 -.___ The Best Pineapples in Cuba. Correspondence Providence Journal. Nowhere on the globe do pineapples thrive as in Eastern Cuba, where the conditions of soil and climate bring ‘‘the golden apples of Hesperides’’ to absolute perfection; yet the pineapple industry has never had much attention in this section. Here is another chance for the enterprising Yankee. A tract of unoccupied land, extending far as one can see, may be bought for a few dol- jars and turned into a fruit farm, the virgin soil of unparalleled richness be- ing capable of producing every tropical growth. Shipping facilities are already established at Baracoa and several small ports, and if the land touches the Yum- uri or some other river, so much the better for its owner. Until one has seen the golden glory of a pineapple planta- tion, he can think of no more attractive sight than a sugar-cane field glistening pale yellow under the torrid sun and billowing in the gentle breeze like a wind-swept sea. But even more fasci- nating is a field of pines, each great ‘‘apple’’ guarded by a circle of glitter- ing, sharp-edged bayonets. In Florida the pineapple leaf is so sharply serrated that the thought of getting around among them suggests a field of torture. Evolution seems to have progressed further in Cuba, for in the older and more carefully cultivated plantations, the saw teeth that edge the long, pointed leaves have mainly disappeared. Before the war it was the sight of a lifetime to go out to Marianao, a suburb of Havana, and there drive through an estate which had eighty thousand pine apple plants in full bearing. Over in Nassau they call the pine plantations *‘groves’’ and ‘‘orchards,’’ as if they were trees. Whether groves or fields, the plant is about the same, producing one of the most luscious and popular fruits known to man, for which there is constant and ample demand. Like most things worth having in this troubled life, the golden ‘‘pines’’ are not easy to get at. A very short stroll among the stinging leaves will lead you to sympa- thize with the New Yorker who, after a visit to Marianao, said: ‘‘You do not mind the first two hundred or three hun- dred sticks and prods from the needle points of the bayonet leaves as you cross a field, but after a while your tortured cutis can endure no more, and your re- marks about the pineapple crop are likely to be prejudiced by present sore- ness. How much nicer it would be if the ‘apples’ really did grow in orchards and you could send a colored boy up the trees to shake down a few and then could sit down in the shade and eat them. ’’ A plant produces only one pine at a time. The fruit thrusts itself upward in the middle of a mass of long, nar- row and sharp-arched leaves spreading forth from a central stalk, precisely like those of the Agave Americana, or **century’’ plant, with which everybody is familiar. The stem is perbaps eigh- teen inches to two feet in height. The same plant produces a second ap- ple, and a third, and so on through sev- eral bearings, after which a new plant must be started from the ‘‘slip.’’ Noth- ing is easier of cultivation or requires less capital and previous experience, and few crops bring in greater or more certain returns. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN O7 Commercial Travelers Michigan Knights of the Grip. President, JoHN A. Horrman, Kalamazoo; Secre- pS J C. SaunpDERs, Lansing; Treasurer, Cuas. McNotry, Jackson. Michigan Commercial Travelers’ Association. President, C. C. SNEDEKER, Detroit; Secretary and Treasurer. C. W. ALLEN Detroit. United Commercial Travelers of Michigan. Grand Counselor, J. J. Evans, Bay City: Grand Secretary, G. S. VALMORE, Detroit; Grand Treas- urer, W. S. WEsT, Jackson. Michigan Commercial Travelers’ Mutual Acci- dent Association. President, J. Boyp PaNnTuinp, Grand Rapids; Secretary and Treasurer, GEo. F. OwENn, Grand Rapids. Lake Superior Commercial Travelers’ Club. President, W. C. Brown, Marquette; Secretary and Treasurer, A. F. Wrxson, Marquette. GOES TO SAGINAW. Next Annual Convention of the Michi- gan K. of G. The fourth regular meeting of the Board of Directors of the Michigan Knights of the Grip was held at the Hawkins House, Ypsilanti, Saturday, Sept. 3. The Board was called to order at 8 o'clock. Present: President Hoff- man. Secretary Saunders, Treasurer McNolty, Directors Palmer, Stevens, Converse, Schram and Smith The res- ignation of Director Tyler, on account of his removal to Boston, was presented and accepted. The President, on recommendation of Post E (Grand Rapids), appointed L. M. Mills to fill the vacancy on the Board of Directors, which was confirmed by the Board. The President appointed J. W. Schram member of Finance Committee, in place of F. M Tyler, resigned, and L. M. Mills member of the Printing Committee in place of J. W. Schram. Proofs of the death of A. I Colgrove, Edmeston, N. Y., and 8B. Cushman, Greenville, were presented, audited, and warrants drawn for same: The following accounts were presented and allowed: Rey Presto Co. 2s $ 31 00 J. C. Saunders, salary last quarter........... 148 30 C.F. McNolty, salary last quarter.......... 55 16 J. C. Saunders, ‘postage and expense........ 42 25 Jno. A. Hoffman, attendance on Board 6 56 J. C. Saunders, attendance on Board.... .... 555 C. F. McNolty, attendance on Board....... 2 59 L. M. Mitls, attendance on Board........... 8 41 B. D. Palmer, attendance on Board......... 6 08 E. M. Converse, attendance on Board....... 29 J. W. Schram, attendance on Board......... 2 50 Chas. H. Smith, attendance on Board....... 6 35 Secretary Saunders reported receipts in the general fund of $52 for 1898 dues and $48 for twenty-four new members, a total of $100, The receipts of the death fund were $94 for Assessment No. 1 and $2,612 for No. 2, a t tal of $2,706. The report was accepted and adopted. Treasurer McNoltv reported the con- dition of the death fund as follows: : KECEIPTS. gue 4, balance op hand ..... ..........5..-. $1,480 590 July y, received from Secretary ........... 52 00 July 26, received from Secretary..... 1,000 00 Aug. 14, received from Secretary....... .. 1,400 00 Sept. 2, received from Secretary........... 254 00 Total, 34,195 59 DISBURSEMENTS. June 4, transferred to general fund......... $ 600 00 July 11, paid H. F. Empey claim.......... 500 90 Sept. 2, paid Edwin Hudson claim......... 500 00 Sept. 2, paid Wm. Boughton claim 500 00 Sept. 2, paid A. H. Bruen claim........... 500 00 Total, $2,600 00 Balance on hand, $1,505 59 The condition of the general fund was reported as follows: June 3, balance on hand __............. ... $101 27 June 3, returned from death tund............ 600 00 Sept. 2, received from Secretary....... ... 68 60 : Total, $767 87 DISBURSEMENTS. June 4, Secretary’s salary $160 30 June 4, Treasurer’s salary.. Pio focveces Oy ie June 4, Ray Printing Co..................... 59 50 June 4, expenses Board meeting. .......... 99 74 Total, $334 66 Balance on hand, 385 21 The Secretary was instructed to rein- State all delinquents on the payment of $3 and certificate of health, at any time previous to the next Board meeting. The Treasurer was instructed to draw a check for $343 35 1n favor of Mrs. H. J. Maynard, less $6 for the expense of printing circular letter to members, this amount representing the sum of the vol- untary contributions sent in by the mem- bers in response to the invitation to con- tribute to such a fund embodied ina ——— letter accompanying Assessment 0. 2 The employment and Relief Commit- tee reported having secured positions for three members, and having appli- cations from two jobbing houses for salesmen, and having temporarily aided two families of needy members by vol- untary contributions. The report was accepted and a vote of thanks tendered Chairman Starbuck for his efficient work on this Committee. The invitation of Saginaw Post F to hold our next annual convention in this city was accepted by a rising vote. The next meeting of the Board of Di- rectors will be held at Hotel Vincent, Saginaw, Saturday, Nov. 26 Director Mills, in behalf of the Grand Rapids traveling men, extended an_ in- vitation to the Board of Directors to at- tend their annual picnic at Reed’s Lake, Saturday afternoon, Sept. to. The following resolutions were offered by Director Palmer, and unanimously adopted : Whereas—Brother F. M_ Tyler, of Grand Rapids, because of his change of residence and location of business, whereby he would not be able to give attention to his duties as a member of the Board of Directors of the Michigan Knights of the Grip, has tendered bis resignation asa Director; therefore be it Resolved—That it is with regret that we accept the resignation of Brother Tyler as a member of the Board, as we recognize in him the loss from the di- rectorship of a member whose long ex- perience and perfect familiarity with the purpose and needs of the associa- tion render his counsels of the highest value. We have always found in Mr Tyler an honorable, faithful citizen, a loyal brother traveler and a zealous, con- scientious officer and member, ever watchful of the best interests of the as- sociation and the personal welfare of its individual members; and be it further Resolved—That we extend to Brother Tyler our sincere thanks for the services rendered the association and the uni- form courtesy extended by him to its officers and members, and we assure him of our earnest wish for his health, hap piness and prosperity in his new bome and field of business activity. J. C. SAUNDERS, Sec’y. > 24. ___ Gripsack Brigade. G. H. Doney, the Jackson salesman, who was seriously ill at the Occidental Hotel, Muskegon, has been taken to his home by his wife and the attending physician. During his stay at the hotel he was under the care of Muskegon Lodge, No. 32, K. P. On Friday evening Director and Mrs C. L. Stevens, of Ypsilanti, entertained the Directors of the Michigan Knights of the Grip with a 6 o’clock dinner at their residence. The following guests were present: Messrs. and Mesdames Hoffman, Palmer, Schram and Smith, and Messrs. Saunders, Converse and Bassett. On Saturday morning the visit- ing ladies were driven about the city and in the afternoon were entertained with a trolley ride to Ann Arbor and a visit to the University. Every indication points to a large at- tendance at the annual picnic of Po t E (Grand Rapids), which will be held at Reed’s Lake Saturday afternoon and evening. No special invittions will be issued, every traveling man being expected to report at the boat dock in front of the pavilion at 2:30 o'clock, ac- companied by his wife —or prospective wife—and a basket of refreshments. The first thing on the programme will bea ball game at Alger Park, followed by a varied assortment of games and sports, concluding with a picnic dinner about 6 o'clock in the evening on board one of the floating palaces which navigate Reed’s Lake. All the committees have met and resolved to prepare the best programme of events ever given under the auspices of the organization. Chas. M. Heald is expected to be present to address the boys on the subject of the train gates and Geo. E. Bardeen, the Otsego paper manufacturer and _all- round-good-fellow, has promised to at- tend and bring his pet animal in a cage. American Artisan: The calling of the commercial traveler is most honor- able and it would be an impossibility to-day to do the commercial business without him. Once he gains your con- fidence he always retains it by honorable dealings. No one factor of business is closer in sympathy or has a deeper ear- nestness in the welfare of the retailer than the commercial traveler. He comes seeking your business upon honorable measures, with honorable ambition, and from him you can always secure equi- tabletreatment. It will bea cold day for the business world if competition shall eventually drive him out and suspend his labors. The manufacturer or whole- saler who shall try to dispense with his services will experience long waits be- tween his going and the orders coming should he or they essay to dv the work without him. A _ clean cut commercial traveler controls much of the business he canvasses and, should he for reasons change houses, much of the business goes with him. REMODELED HOTEL BUTLER Rates, $1. I. M. BROWN, PROP. Washington Ave. and Kalamazoo St., LANSING. aaa Wear Good Hats We sell the cele- brated Dunlap and Stetson Hats. Gardiner & Baxter, 55 Monroe Street, Grand an EE REED CITY SANITARIOM REED CITY, MICHICAN. A. B. SPINNEY, M. D., Prop’r. E. W. SPINNEY, M. D., Resident Physician, with consulting phy- sicians and surgeons, and professional nurses. The cheapest Sanitarium in the world; a place for the poor and middle class. Are you sick and dis- couraged? We give one month's treatment FREE by mail. Send for question list, prices and journals. $2 PER DAY. FREE BUS. THE CHARLESTON Only first-class house in MASON, MICH. thing new. Every room heated. Large and well!- lighted sampie rooms. Send your mail care of the Charleston, where the boys stop. CHARLES A. CALDWELL, formerly of Donnelly House, Prop. HOTEL WHITCOMB ST. JOSEPH, MICH. A. VINCENT, Prop. ee ae Mich. ee ee such parties. Write to Mears Hotel. Wm Cherryman, Prop. Every- Rempis & Gallmeyer Foundry Co. MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF Iron, Brass and Aluminum Castings The ‘‘Lumperman’’ Detached. SALES AGENTS Baldwin, Tuthill & Bolton, Grand Rapids, Mich. Edwards & Chamberlain Hardware Co., Kalamazoo, S. D. Kimbark, Chicago, Ill. Morley Bros., East Saginaw, Mich. Belknap Wagon Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 56 and 60 NORTIL FRONT ST. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. MANUFACTURERS OF The Rempis’ Oscillating Sleigh Knees The “Standard” has been in use eight win- ters and has given good satisfaction to the sleighmakers. It has found a ready sale in various parts of the country and the call for it will be increasing wherever sleighs are me in use. Our “TLumberman” knee is designed and adapted for extra heavy logging service, and makes the stoutest sleigh for woods work. The knee has a square socket which fits between two blocks and rests on both the runner and blocks. The blocks are 5% inches apart and 34% inches wide, any de- sired length. Four inches from top of runner to bottom of knee. Suelflohn & Seefeld, Milwaukee, Wis. Nicols & Dean, St. Paul, Minn. Limback Sons & Co., Detroit, Mich. | Mich, aE Aor 32 homme RN 3 ; i 5 i ‘ i € Hes BAR eines Kea a ER ABN PRR 58 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Drugs=--Chemicals MICHIGAN STATE BOARD OF PHARMACY. Term expires F. W. R. Perey, Detroit - - Dec. 31, 1898 A. C. ScHUMACHER, Ann Arbor - Dee. 31, 1899 Gzo.Gunprum, Ionia - - ~- Dec. 31, 1900 L. E. Reynoups, St. Joseph - Dec. 31, 1901 Henry Heim, Saginaw - - - Dec. 31, 1902 President, GEo. GuNDRUM, Ionia. Secretary, A. C. ScoumAcHER, Ann Arbor. Treasurer, HENRY HEIM, Saginaw. Examination Sessions. Lansing— Nov. 1 and 2. STATE PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION. President—J. J. SouRWINE, Escanaba. Secretary, Cuas. F. Mann, Detroit. Treasurer JOHN D. Murr, Grand Rapids. DRUG TRADE. How the Jobbing Business Has Been Revolutionized. No other line of merchandising has undergone such radical changes in the past fifteen years as the drug business and its different branches. Each suc- cessive year the jobber- realizes that ‘‘dealer in drugs’’ is a misnomer, as he should be called a distributor of proprietary articles. At the date of the first number of the Michigan Tradesman, the percentage of drugs, paints, oils and sundries sold was about 65 per cent. of the total sales ; to-day the sale of proprietary articles is fully 75 per cent. It is said that a new patent is born every ten minutes of the working day, but only one in 5,000 is on earth long enough to be heard of, except by its promoter, and only a very small percentage is success- ful, although fortunes are spent in ad- vertising. The reasons for the change in the class of merchandise handled are easily found. From drastic doses of powdered and crude drugs, given pure and sim- ple, the physician is supplied by the manufacturing chemist more concen- trated and uniform preparations in the form of fluid extracts and pills, and now the taplet triturate is in demand, on account of its low price and com- pressed form. The jobber no longer sells the drug—he distributes for a smaller profit the finished product of the chemist. The retail druggist who for- merly sold large quantities of salts and senna, castor oil, cinchona bark, soap liniment and No. 6 for family admin- istration is now selling Smith’s Pills, Jones’ Tasteless Castor Oil, Brown’s Bitters, Stevens’ Excelsior Liniment and Giant Pain Killer. He buys few drugs to compound. That part of his business has gone forever. In the pre- scription department the retailer calls on the jobber for new and _ concentrated medicines, nearly all of which are pat- ented or proprietary. The paint and oil fart of the business of fifteen years ago has slowly but surely gone to the manufacturer. Not less than fifteen grinders are now seeking orders in this territory. The necessity of plac- ing this mixed paint and competition among themselves have brought about the change. The drug jobber is no longer asked to buy, where formerly he carried a large and well-assorted line. There are three articles in this line, however, that the manufacturer of paint willingly turned over to the drug job- ber—white lead, linseed oil and turpen- tine. He is generous with these, as there is no profit to be made in selling them. No line formerly sold so exclusively by the druggist has been so widely dis- tributed as drug sundries. You can now buy perfumes, soap, combs and rubber goods of almost any dry goods house and numerous articles are sold by grocers and stationers. Retailers for- merly bought of the jebber handsome lines of comb and brush sets, toilet sets, etc., but the bazaar stores, with goods of ‘‘Cheap John’’ manufacture, made the selling of better qualities unprofit- able. The department of wines and _ liquors remains as of old. Jobbers must sell the best in this line, as they are handled only for medicinal purposes. What has the jobber done to replace the lines that have passed away from him? He has met the demand for phar- maceuticals by increased manufacture in his own laboratory, placing in the hands of his customers the finished products, competing with the special manufacturer and adding to his profit. The handling of large lines of pro- prietary articles is in itself profitable, although not so large in percentage as the handling of crude drugs. Cigar departments have been added and the sundry line increased with pipes, pocket-books, photographic ma- terials, etc. Credits have been more closely looked after, and while formerly retailers were allowed to pay their bills when they chose, the lines are now strictly drawn to 60 days, and payments are more promptly made, a large percentage of the trade taking advantage of cash dis- counts. The necessities of the Government imposed a tax stamp upon proprietary articles on July 1 of % cent for every 5 cents up to 25cents, 14 cents up to So cents, 1 % cents up to 75 cents,2%4 cents up and including $1. The proprietors all took advantage of this law and raised their prices much over the cot of stamps—in some cases three and one- half times. The retail trade in cities already burdened with cut-rate prices, and unable to advance, are selling all the staple patent medicines at less than cost. In the country, where full prices are maintained, the retailer must sac- rifice a part of his profit and pay. the stamp tax. Many unfavorable com- ments are heard on the action of pro- prietors placing their medicines so high, some dealers going so far as to say they will not handle them. Others recommend non-secret preparations and goods of their own compounding. The stamp tax amounts to about 2% per cent., while the average increase of price by manufacturers is over 6 per cent., and the retailer pays the differ- ence. H. B. FAIRCHILD. ——__>02>_____ The Drug Market. The volume of business is very large and much in excess of last year. The outlook for a large fall trade is very flattering. There are no changes of importance to note. Opium—Is steady at unchanged prices. It is thought in New York that larger buyers are keeping the price down and that it will be higher later on. Morphine—Is unchanged. Quinine—Price is steady and demand light. Ichthyol—The_ price has been ad- vanced 25c. Salol—Has been advanced toc. The last two articles have been ad- vanced on account of the stamp tax. ——__>2.____ No Bargain Fiend. Mr. Parvenu—My dear, did you in- tend to leave them prices on them pic- tures in the parlor? Mrs. Parvenu—Yes, I want folks to see I ain't no vulgar bargain fiend. The Pharmacist and the Community. People always admire a person who is awake to what is going on about him. The successful pharmacist must neces- sarily be awake to his surroundings, for no pbarmacist, any more than any other man, can be successful without the patronage of the public. He must be pleasant and affable to all, young as well as old, ever ready to evince an in- terest in their welfare, to enquire how they are getting along with whatever each may be engaged in doing. In this way the pharmacist will gain the good will of the individual. Then, having won their confidence, whenever anything is brought forward for the benefit of the community, he, being a man of educa- tion and skill, will be able to be of very great assistance in laying the plans for any movement which may be under con- sideration. - Indeed, his relation to the public isso close, professionally, that he can hardly escape being accessory to whatever will inure to the benefit of the people at large. We can find in every community those who are ready to dash cold water on any project, and the pharmacist will have to take his share, but that will be of no consequence so long as he has won the plaudits of the masses along with the resulting benefit to himself. So it seems he should be interested, so far.|: as his business will permit, in every legitimate object which will benefit the community. A man should endeavor to be all that he can be, and in order to reach that climax he can not live for himself alone. It is only by coming in contact with others that we can develop self, and by making their interests our own, legitimately, that we can reach our full growth, socially and intellectually. The pharmacist's training has fitted him to be a leader and his profession gives him the confidence of his patrons, so making it easier to take a leading part in the affairs of his little world. He is necessarily obliged to be at his place of business a large part of the time; therefore, if he has something to occupy his attention, when outside, the effect upon his entire manner of living will be most salutary. It will serve in aiding to keep out of ruts and up with the times, and, on returning, business will be taken up with much more pleas- ure. Thousands live and die and are for- gotten. Why? Because they have never spoken a word, or performed an act, that can be recalled. Their light went out and their memory vanished as does the dew of morning. Shall the members of our noble profession be numbered among these? Shall they be content to open their places of business in the morning and wait for the customers to come, then merely dealing out whatever may be called for, thus, in a measure, holding themselves aloof from their neighbors? Or will he be one among the people, always ready to do some- thing for their benefit without expecting a full equivalent in return? That return will surely come, for by helping others we help ourselves. The pharmacist has it in his power to do good in his community and so rear a monument in words and deeds _ which shall survive the storm of time and his name be honored and revered for years to come. Live for something besides dealing out drugs and medicines and your good deeds will be bright as the stars of heaven. A. W. MESERVE. AQNQHKLLQKLAAAA LAA HA RA NLKRH AOD Og You should always buy PERRIGO'S FLAVORING EXTRAGIS because they are . the best. Manufactured by L. Perrigo Company Allegan, Mich. ALWAYS A WINNER! Nw 4) Ae i 4 C4 ELL EF GIF A, z Ta, $35.00 per M. This Showcase only $4 00 per foot. With Beveled Edge Plate Glass top $5.00 per foot. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Oo © WHOLESALE PRICE CURRENT. Morphia, S.P.& W... 2 55@ 2 80| Sinapis.............. @ 18/| Linseed, pure raw.. 35 38 Morphia, S.N.Y.Q.& Sina i Ope... 82. @ 3| Linseed, boiled .... 36 39 ©. Ce. =o ~~ eee ae Neatsfoot,winterstr 65 70 - Moschus Canton... mi Voge... ........ @ | Spirits Turpentine... 34 40 Declined— Myristica, No. 1..... 6@ 80 snuff Scotch. DeVo’s @ 34 : Nux Vomica. ..po.20 @ 10} Soda Boras......:... 9@iN Paints Acid Conium M 5@ Scille C Pe sin Suse H&P. — Soda ey Fotass Tart. *o 2 ee jum onium Mac........ 50 | ScilleeCo ........... 50 ’ & et Fotass Tar : aah 8 6@8 2B Copaiba oe 1 15@ 1 25| Tolutan............ $ St eee tc Wis @ 1 00/ Soda, Carb...... - 4@ 2 Genie aoe tea. is 3 a Benzoicum, German 10@ qb Cu bee. bi 66) tii linias e.ciniiér at wi 9G 1 00 Prunus virg. . @ 50 cis q om. Soda, Bi-Carb. 3@ 5 Ochre, yellow Ber.. 1% 2 @3 Boracic.............- @ 15| Exechthitos ........ 1 00@ 1 10 Tinctures don @ 2 00 Soda, Ash........... 34@ 41) putty, commercial.. 2% 24%@3° ”* aa... 20@ 41| Erigeron............ 1 00@ 1 10 Aconitum NapellisR 60 Pieis Liq., ;quarts. @ 1 00| Soda, Sulphas...---. @ . 2| putty, strictly pure. 2% 2%@3 Cltricum ......... 5. 4°¢@ 50|Gaultheria..... .... 1 50@ 1 60 Aconitum Na llis F 50 Picis Liq., pints..... @ | Spts. Cologne........ @ 2 6! Vermilion, Prime Hydrochlor vee Ne 3@ 5| Geranium, ounce. @ ® r pe TEs Hydrarg...po. 80 @ 50|Spts. Ether Co...... — so. 13@- 15 Nitrocum .°::221.-. 8@ 10 | Gossippii, Sem. gal.. 50@ 60 Aloes aad iiyrrh. eo} Sber Nigss.--po = GS Myrcis Dom. @*° 0! Vermilion, Engilsh. 0 % Gulicnn 2@ 14 Hedeoma..... ...... 100@ 110] Arnica ..... 50 Piper Alba....po. 35 @ 3} Spts. Vini Rect. bbl. @ 2 52 Green, Pane 18 22 Phosphorium, dil... @ 15 Junipera. . sees see 1 5O@ 2 00 aaa ae 50 | bux Burgun ....... @ 7| Spts. ViniRect.44bbl @257|-Green, Peninsular. 13@ 16 Salicylicum. :....... Lavendula.......... 90@ 2 00] At rope Bell cea. 60 Pins MeCk.....:.. 10@ _ 12} Spts. Vini Rect. 10gal @ 2 60 Lead, Red....... 5u@ 6M oe es banana 1 30@ 1 50| Aurenti Cortex 50 Pulvis Ipecac et Opii 1 10@ 1 20| Spts. Vini Rect. 5gal @ 2 62 Lead, white. co 5%@ 64 a a 1 Mentha Piper. ..... 1 60@ 2 20| Benzoin............. al cone. — Less 5¢ gal. cash 10 dazs. Whiting, white Span @ Ww foetal peta Mentha Verid....... 150@ 1 60] Benzoin Go... 50 | p&t; D. @ 1 2 | Strychnia, — - 1 40@ 1 g° | Whiting, gilders’. @ Ww rer Morrhue, gal....... 1 10@ 125] Barosma 1. 2@ 30) Sulphur, Subl....... 2%@ White, Paris Amer. @ 1 00 Ammonia —— eee 4 00@ 4 50| Cantharides......._ 73 | 3 aoe a, Whiting Paris Eng, Aqua, 16 deg........ ee $00|Cansicum .. amarinds.......... %@ 10) qligp .. ae ns Picis Liquida. _.._. fog “ ? SS 2 oes Venice. ae 30 Gateusi Teibhiak. 1004 arbonas........--.- — Liquida, gal... @ 35|Cardamon Co... 6 29@ 34| Theobrome.. : Chloridum .......... Micieg 5... 2010\ Camo. ool Goon 2@ 14) Vanilla....... * Varnishes Aniline Rosmarini........... @ 100| Catechu.......”, 59 | sace arumLactis pv 20 | Zinci Sulph......... 7@ 8 Rose, ounce........ 6 50@ 8 50| CGinchona... .... 1.” 50 Salacim...... 2... .... 3 00@ 3 = on No. 1 Turp Coach... 1 10@ 1 20 = . = Cinchona Cone, 60 a 14 ” _— —— ‘ - : 2 EME eee canes BBL. GAL. 0ac MEY 6 ec ce « 50@ 700|Gubeba = 12| whale, winter....... 70 70|No.1Turp Furn.... 1 00@ 1 10 55@ 60| Cassia /-cutifol.__ 50 Lard, extra......... 50 60 | Extra Turk Damar.. 1 55@ 1 60 % Tein ess., ounce @ 68] Ceg7- cutifol Co. 50 22 | Lard, No. 1.......... 40 45 | Jap.Dryer,No.1Turp 70@ 75 Cubesee a po. 18 ee 70@ 1 80 gl — . 50 hl Juniperus........... Thyme : 50 | Ergcc......... 50 Xanthoxylum.. .... Theckon —*s Herr aaa . 3 Balsamum Potassium Gentian C a 60 “ Bi-Carb........ ... ornare 50 pigeon SUR aa 3 | PCI CIR ICICI ICD romide............. 50@ 55 | Hyovcyamus.... ... = Ben 1 1 ge Soest cada. a. inde 165 18 | Jodine, coloriess. % DG Z 18 | Cyanide........-.... ‘a 50) ASP Cassise 12 | Iodide... 2.0.0.0 0.17 [oat 50 | o86%0 Cinchona Flava..... 18 | Potassa, Bitart, pure 2@ 30| nix Vomica 301 Fo Euonymus atropurp 30| Potassa, Bitart,com @ 15 — 50 | x9 Myrica Cerifera, po. 20 | Potass Nitras, opt... 10@ 12 Obii pps any 7 | 086 & Prunus Virgini...... 12 | Potass Nitras........ 10@ 1 Onli” oo orated . 501 Wa Quillaia, gr’d....... 12| Prussiate....... 227! — so --- 150] one Sassafras......po. i8 12| Sulphate po. ..11. 15@ 18 | Quassia............. = Ulmus...po. 15, gr’d 15 — ze 50 | eos Extractum 95 | Sanguinaria _ 50 ojaee AND Glycyrrhiza Glabra. 4@ 95 | Serpentaria. . 501 Ge Qlycyrrhiza, po. 28@, 12 | Stromonium .. 60 | ao Hematox,15lb box. 11@ 12 @ 2%| Tolutan........ in 60 ojage Hematox,1s........ 13@ 14 20@ 40| Valerian...... see 50| @o% Hematox, \s.. . 144@ 15|Gentiana......po 15 122@ 15 Veratrum Veride... 50] qo Heematox, 148......- 16@ 17|Glychrrhiza...pv.15 16@ 18 | Zingiber............. 20 aye(o 7 RP. Hydrastis Canaden . @ 60 Miscellaneous ow erra Hydrastis Can., po.. @ 65| ther, spts. N Nit.3F 30@ 35 Carbonate Preci 15 | Hellebore, Alba, Po. 18@ 20| Ather, Spts. Nit.4F 2@ 38| dee Citrate and Quinia.. 23 Inula, po... . 15@ 20| Alumen.. 24@ 3 vs Citrate Soluble...... |] vtece teens o Kw pecac, po 2 80@ 3 00 Alumen, gro’d po.7 4 . Ferrocyanidum Sol. 40 | Iris plox.. -- POB5@38 35@ 40/ Annat 40@ 50] Ko 7 ote Solut. Chloride..... 15] Jalapa, pr.. 5 30 Antimoni, a 4@ 5 s ENS Sulphate, com’l..... 2) Maranta, 4s... 1.1. @ 35|AntimonietPotassT 40@ 50 ROD Sulphate, com’l, by Podophyllum, po.... 2@ 25| Antipyrin. @ 35| ovo Joye bbl, per cwt....... 50| Rhei ................ 7@ 1 00| Anti ebrin nena @ 15|&o Gos Sulphate, pure ..... 7| Rhei, cut............ @ 1 25| Argenti Nitras, oz . @ 50| R92 2 Plora Rhei, pv........ ... %@ 1 35| Arsenicum. . 10@ 12| 900 Ponte Arnica ............4- 12@ 14 Spigelia. ie 35@ 38|Balm Gilead Bud... 38@ 40| Ge 3 Anthemis........... = |e 5b (@ = a oF... . 140@ 1 50 g ' N29 Matricaria ........-. = se US CU See CS CU We shall sample in a few days a large ; Folia aa Similax officinaiis 1 @ 40|Calelum Chior, 4s. @ 12 SA ‘ a San max, Mo. @ 2/| Cantharides, Rus. @ | CASfo () Cassia Acitifol, Tin- Seille.”.. 2... 0S Blcapmcreaces 8 Blgs6 | and well assorted line of oe ' velly.. 18@ 2%| Symplocarpus, Feti- Capsici Fructus, po. @ 15/2 2 cassia Acutifol, Aix. 5B@ 3 Watesioen, = on one @ = Capsicl Fructus,po ‘ = - 0 0}0¢6 c 8, 48 n aryo us 1 . ——. Me 12@ 20| Valeriana, German. bo 20 Guan Ke .— . 3 00| we L d 7 P k t B k © Ura Ursi...........0. 8@ 10|Zingibera.......... 12@ 16| Cera Alba........ _. 55 | Fore adieS OCKe OOKS o0fo Gussind Zingiber j. ..... ... 27 — pee “= S S = GsO_D Acacia, ist picked. @ & Semen aniw£;: 33 | Bore }9K0 Acacia, 2d picked.. g 45 | Anisum....... 0.15 @ 12) Centraria........ 021) 10| Gone 8 Acacia, 3d picked.. 35} Apium (graveleons) 13@ 15|Cetaceum............ 45| & L me P Acacia, sifted sorts. 28 | Bird, Is 4@ 6! Chloroform.. 60@ 63| Bove aqdies urses Acacia, po....... ... 80 | Carui...... 10@ Chloroform, s uibbs @115| Se Aloe, Barb. po.i8@20 12@ 14 | Cardamon 1 4@ 1 75 | Chlioral H a 1 65@ 1 90} &e Aloe, Cape ....po. 15 @ 12} Coriandrum..... 8@ Cuaaiee 20@ 2 0 Aloe. Socotri..po.40 @ 30| Cannabis Sativa 4@ a cae 5@ 35| Ge Ammoniac.......... 55@ 60 | Cydonium....... Cinehonidine, Germ 2@ 30|/&° ’ Assafostida....po.30 25@ 28| Chenopodium ...... Cocaine. .... 3 30@ 350] ¢ Gentlemen S Pocket Books —- oe 50@ = a 4 “ 1 = Cocks: ist, dis. pr.ct. 70| Ge : 14| Fonugreek, po... 7 9lqceeoum «68 BIR Is ae ‘a 248 os Creta, prep . oy cn @ 5 S ‘ Xe 5) (jt SO | Gm Bee B al aee Gentlemen’s Purses @ 100 — Canarian. 4@ os Cue 18@ 20] Gers Wo | Rape ee 4% 5 on ROS “= 30 Siapis AlBR. ....:.. 9@ 10 a. 3 * o0fo @ : 0 — ae itus ees Ether Suip _ ARE BO % ROD piritus § —Ci| Ether Sulph......... ALY ‘ . . 6 Fre gabe tb 3 09 4 13 | Erumenti, W. D.Co. 2 00g 2 50| Emery, all numbers @ & onefe And invite your inspection and order. eliac -po. @ 35 Frumenti, nr g.. 2 00@ 2 25 cece cceee 0e _ “ee Sea teat Tumenti..... - 123@ 150 f Shellac, bie bleached... $0@ $f | Juniperis Go. 0.7." 1 65@ 2 00| F PQ 15) AS gacanth ......... ' Juniperis Co........ 1 7@ 3 50 S lees Herba Saacharum N. E.... 1 90@ 2 10 = of ee pkg s ee — ue : a : = 35 60 | oN Se upatorium.oz. pkg § —«0 | Vini Oporto......... Laie. oe che 95 | Vini Alba........... 1 25@ 2 00 | Glassware, fint, box OTe ; ——— —— pkg 28 Sponges Glue, — 9@ 12|6e ane vo a oes = Florida sheeps’ wool Glue, white......... 13@ 2| KeP UC aa ~ x eattiage area ; 2 50@ 2 %5 Grane Parad ae 15@ 20 sore ‘i ia Hanidiiior pee © ig Segunaseobs Wool) | Gregori @ si | Hazelt & Perk Thymus, V..oz. pkg B Wcmekentan sheeps’ @ Hipdeane: Chlor Mite @ 85/9% a e I ne er 1 n Ss Magnesia. aw carri age..... @13 es — _— $ . 9 eiacs coe tra ye sheeps’ g Ox Rub’ eee, : Be = od ae @ 100 Hodeaed Ammoniati @ 110 dee 20@ 2] Grass aoe wool, HydraagUnguentum 5@ 55 e 35@ 36| carriage........... @ 100 Hydrar, gyrum....... @ 70 ru O Hard, for ‘ainbe use.. @ %/|Ic thyobolla, Am.. 6@ 75) % e Yellow Reef, for Indige - 22... a 7@ 1 00 s 350@375| slate use.......... @140 Iodine, Resubi.. 2 60@ 3 70 0@ Bw Syrups ag Sse o.aree g ; = e ‘o eT eae - @ $0|Lytopodinim....-... 40@ $8) Se GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 25@ 2 40 | Auranti Cortes...... @ 50 % | Wolo 00@ 3 20| Zingiber....... ..... @ 50 Liguer Arse= et Hy- ° 90@ 85 spores: ee eee @ wo drarg TOG. cs cess @ B a 'o 8@_ 85| Ferri Joa. praca iat @ 50| LiquorPotassArsinit 10@ 12 oe 65| Rhei Arom.... ..... @ 50| Magnesia, Sulph.. 3/Ge., 2% Smilax Oficinalis... 50@ 60| Magnesia, Sulpb, bbl 1% fe 1 1 70 Benegs .. ae @ 50| Mannia, S. F........ 60 | Yaqoe : 50 | Scilis... @® 50| Mentha! eee 2% e e 4 s z | & ie g t ‘ 5 ‘ ; £ } if i § a ay é ages SARL ponte baapbaae abeebos 5" sete aT 7 onlay 2 neta Dp Braeanseae ee RTL 60 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN GROCERY PRICE CURRENT. in such quantities as are usually purchased by retail are an accurate index of the local market. 1 conditions of purchase, and those below are given as representing av- Cash buyers or those of strong credit usually buy closer than tly requested to point out any errors or omissions, as it is The prices quoted in this list are for the trade only, dealers. They are prepared just before going to press and possible to give quotations suitable for a erage prices for average conditions of purchase. those who have poor credit. Subscribers are earnes our aim to make this feature of the greatest possible use to dealers. It is im- AXLE GREASE. doz. gross ee 55 6 00 Restor Ofl........-..2 2 60 700 Diamond............... 50 400 waers,.......-.....0 7 900 TXLGolden,tinboxes75 9 00 [lica, tin boxes........ 7% 900 Parsee... 55 66 00 BAKING POWDER. Absolute. xg ‘0 Cans doz............. 45 ‘% ip sane Gos............. 85 Ib can doz...... 1. < oo Acme. Tb cans 3 dos.. 5 Ib cans 3 dos. % 1 Ib cans 1 doz 100 Bek... 10 Arctic. 6 oz. Eng. Tumblers........ El Purity. 44 lb cans per doz........- ® % lb cans per doz ........ 1 20 1 Ib cans per doz......... 2 00 Home. 1¢ lb cans 4 doz case...... 35 % lb cans 4 doz case...... 55 Ib cans 2 doz case ..... 90 i} JA XON iq 1b cans, 4 doz case..... 45 ¥% lb cans, 4 doz case...... 8 1b cans, 2 doz case...... 1 60 Jersey Cream. 11b. cans, per doz.......... 2 00 9 oz. cans, per doz.......... ) 3) 6 oz. Cans, per doz.......... 85 Our Leader. a 45 eee vb) . tae... 1 50 Peerless. Lib. cans ............ oe 85 Queen Flake, 8 oz., 6 doz. case............ 6 oz., 4 doz. case . 9 oz., 4 doz. case. . 1 lb., 2 doz. case.. © ie he 09 09 833383 CLOTHES LINES. Cotton, 40 ft, per doz....... 1 00 Cotton, 50 ft, per dos....... 1 20 Cotton, 60 ft, per doz....... 1 40 Cotton, 70 ft, per doz....... 1 60 Cotton, 80 ft, per dos....... 1 80 Jute, 60 ft. per dos......... 80 Jnte. 72 ft. per dns,,........ COCOA SHELLS. 20 ib bags... ... Less quantity............ 3 Pound packages......... 4 CREAM TARTAR. 5 and 10 1b. wooden boxes..30-35 COFFEE. Green. Rio. te ee ee oe 10 Pe ee 11 oo. ...... 12 Peaberry ........-.---.-.----- 13 Santos. ee 12 cs eee een 13 Prime sc. ce 14 Peaberry ......-.... --------- 15 Mexican and Guatamala. fae 5 Goan 16 WARCy ..... 6-22. oe wane oct Maracaibo. Primo 2s ee 19 Milled ine Java. Enterior ........-.. ......-...<-- 19 Private Growth.........--+--- 20 Mandehling.........------+-+- 21 Mocha. Imitation ..............-.-.-+.- 20 Arabian ........--.-------.--- 22 Roasted. Clark-Jewell-Wells Co.’s Brands Fifth Avenue..... 29 Jewell’s Arabian Mocha... .29 Wells’ Mocha and Java.....24 Wells’ Perfection Java..... 24 Sancaibo 21 5 lb., 1 doz. case.. Breakfast Blend..........- 18 se 0 | Valley City Maracaibo. --..18% ee 0 | Ideal Blend..........----+-+ 14 a eee Leader Blend....... -- ---+ 12 2 40 Ease 2aen....-. sROOMS. ei ere 1 90 Be. 2 Carpet........ .....- 1% We. 3 fart... . 1 50 eo: Sere... ....- 115 Parlor Gem ...... -sae 2 OO Common Whisk.. oe Fancy Whisk.. so Mercnouee.......0....-.. 2 2 CANDLES. ee 8 Pens ee 20 CANNED GOODS. Manitowoc Peas. Lakeside Marrowfat....... 95 Eexostde HJ... ....-..... 115 Lakeside, Cham. of Eng.... 1 20 Lakeside. Gem. Ex. Sifted. 1 45 Extra Sifted Early June....1 75 CATSUP. Columbia, pints.......... 2 00 Columbia, % pints.......... 1 25 - CHEE Ao 22... . @ 10 SS @ 10 Butterant........... @ 10 Carson City.......... @ 10 Emblem............. @ S% Ee @ 10% ee @ 9% ee @ 10 Lenawee...... occ @ 8 Riversifie............ @ 10 ERE oe ae sn @ Springdale..... .... @ Pe @ il ee oe @ 70 Teigen .........c ccc. @ 17 ee See eee @ 12 Pineapple............ 50 @ & Pp Soc... @ 17 Chicory. eee... 5 Ree .. CHOCOLATE. Walter Baker & Co.’s. German Sweet................ 23 Premium. ........... ci aecewe 34 Breakfast Cocos.... --45 Package. Below are given New York prices on ckage coffees, to which the wholesale dealer adds the local freight from New York to your shipping point, giving you credit on the invoice for the amount of freight buyer pays from the market in which he purchases to his shipping point, including weight of package, also %c a pound. In 601b. cases the list is 10c per 100 lbs. above the price in full cases. Arbuekle ...... . ....--- Sereey ss. cs ficLsughiin’s XXXX. McLaughlin’s XXXX sold to retailers only. Mail all orders i direct to W. F. McLaughlin & Co., Chicago. Extract. Valley City % gross ..... % Felix % gross............ !15 Hummel’s foil % gross SE Hommel’s tin % gross 1 4? CLOTHES PINS. 5 gross boxes . eae ae CONDENSED MILK. 4 doz in case. Gail Borden Eagle... .... 6 7% eee 6 25 ete oS. 53 Champion .......--....-.--. 4 50 Magnolia .......... 425 Challenge..........00..-.-++- 3 35 a 3 35 COUPON BOOKS. Tradesman Grade. 50 books, any denom.... 100 books, any denom.... 500 books, any denom.... 1,000 books, any denom.... Economic Grade. 50 books, any denom.... 100 books, any denom.... 500 books any denom.... 1,900 books. any denom... Superior Grade. 50 books, any denom.... 100 books, any denom.... 500 books, any denom.... 1,000 books, any denom.... Coupon Pass Books, Can be made to represent any denomination from 810 down. SSS 35S SSss 8 8 ES Se Rooks... os 2 00 100 books 3 00 ec 6 3 DUO ROORS 662 sco c5 ues 10 00 A000 ROGERS. ...5. 12-2. 8 cc 17 50 Sri FSi Universal Grade. 50 books, any denom.... 1 50 100 books, any denom.... 2 50 500 books, any denom....11 50 1,000 books, any denom....20 00 Credit Checks. 500, any one denom’n..... 3 00 1000, any one denom’n..... 5 00 2000, any one denom’n..... 8 00 Steel punch. .............. 6 DRIED ee Sundried 2... - sus. @5 Evaporated 50 lb boxes. @ 8 California Fruits. Aes ck @s% Blackberries..........- Neeterines ............ @ 7% Oe 64K 7% Peers 2... ... eS ae Pitted Cherries........ Prunnelies......... ... Raspberries..........-. California Prunes 100-120 25 lb boxes. ...... @ 90-100 25 lb boxes....... @ 5 80 - 90 25 Ib boxes....... @ - 80 2 1b boxes. @ 60 - 70 25 lb boxes.. .... @ 5% 50 - 60 25 lb boxes....... @ 6% 40 - 50 25 1b boxes....... @9 30 - 40 25 lb boxes....... @ ig cent less in 50 1b cases London Layers 3 Crown. 145 London Layers4 Crown. 1 55 Dehostss ........-.-..... Loose Muscatels2 Crown 3% Loose Muscatels3Crown 4% Loose Muscatels4Crown 5% FOREIGN. Currants. Patras bbls... @ 7% Vostizzas 50 lb cases...... @™% Cleaned, bulk ............ Cleaned, —_— oe eel. Citron American 101b bx @13 Lemon American 10 1b bx @12 Orange American 101b bx @12 aisins. Ondura 28 ib boxes.... .8 g 8% Sultana 1 Crown....... Sultana 2C(Crown ..... @ Sultana 2 Crown....... @7% Sultana 4 Crown....... @ Snitana & Crown na Sultana 6 Crown....... @i2 Sultana package....... @'4 FARINACEOUS GOODS. Farina. 2411b. packages....... ...1°50 Bulk, per 100 Ibs..... .... 3 50 Grits. Walsh-DeRoo Co.’s Brand. 242 1b. packages...........1 80 0 Th: kegs .2 70 200 th. barrels... ............. 5 10 Hominy. amelie . 20 2 50 Flake, 50 1b. drums....... 1 00 Beans. Dried Lima . 3% Medium Hand Picked.... Maccaroni and Vermicelli. Domestic, 10 lb. box...... 60 Imported, 25 lb. box.. ...2 50 Pearl Barley. Common... ..-.- =: ..-- 1 90 a 2 2 Empire .......-...-----.-. 3 00 Peas. Gronm: bac. 2... c..... 95 Split, per ib.......-.-.--.- 2% Rolled Oats. Rolled Avena, bbl.......4 25 Monarch, bbl........... - 3 80 Monarch, % bbl.......... 2 05 Monarch, 90 1b sacks...... 1 & maker. CAS08........-.... 3 20 UTON, CASES......--.- 2-6 1% 4 3% 3% Lc SM lh SE Sa oe 356 Anchor, 40 1 1b. pkges.... 5 Wheat. Cracked, bulk... ne 334 242 Ib packages.......... 7) Salt Fish. GUNPOWDER. Rifle—Dupont’s. Cod. Rees... ...4 00 Georges cured......... @4 | Half Kegs...... <2 20 Georges genuine...... @ 5 | Quarter Kegs..... oe 5) Georges selected...... @ 5%|1lb.cahs... .. ........ | Strips or bricks....... 6 @YM | % lb. cans..........06..--6-- 18 Herring. Choke Bore—Dupont’s. Holland white hoops, bbl. _| Kegs .........2...eceee ee eee Holland white hoop %bbi 2 75 Halt Ro 3 0 ener ie maa ee. 1 . Quarter Kegs...............- 1 35 Holland white hoop mchs iS Gane 00s. 6.6 ee Norwegian... .........-.- Eagie Duck—Dupont’s. Round 100 lbs........:.... 27 8 00 Round 40 lbs........ 1 30 aw eee ees ce tuies sa wees cnn oa Sealed 13 Regs..... ....-+-++-++ ; Quarter Kegs.. ....... ....- 2 Mackerel. Sie eS08. 0c Se 45 Mens 100 Ibe........... --- 15 06 Mess 40 lbs. ‘! 630 JBLLY. Mess 10 lbs 1 65 | 15 1b palls.............-.---- 35 Mess _ 8 lbs... 1 35] 30 lb pails.... .... .-.-.--.. © No. 1100 lbs.......... .... 1833 as a cee [ LYE. =i Bee... 5 Condensed, 2 dos 1 20 No.1 8lbs... 1 20 | You ‘agli me at No. 2 100 Ibs. ... 8 50 Mondensed. 4 doz .. 22 No.2 40 lbs... 3 70 LICORICB. —- . 1 = 30 - aS a. 25 Trout. Sicily... . 14 No. 1 100 :bs : = Se 10 Novi —. 68 MINCE MBAT. No.1 Slbs..........---- 57] teal, 3 doz. in case......:.. 2 5 —. MATCHES. No.1 No.2 Fam] piamond Match Co.’s brands. 100 = arena : = : = No. 9 sulphur.........-...-- 1 6 40 lbs . ...- 1 38 Anchor Parlor...........--- 1 70 —--~ = 89 | No.2 Home.........2..-.--- 1 10 8 Ibs........ 83] Export Parlor...........--- 4 00 MOLASSES. New Orleans. 11 14 os 20 Maney .........--...-...- 24 Open Kettle.............-- 25@35 alf-barrels 2c extra. MUSTARD. Horse Radish, 1 doz......... 175 Horse Radish, 2 doz......... 3 50 Bayle’s Celery, 1 doz.. .... 1 7% Sennltige ’ PIPES. % (dan No. 216... -. 25. --5.5; 1 70 D.C. Vanilla D..C. Lemon | Clay, T. D. full count... im oz......1 Zon... 1 Gob No. 8...02........:...... 208. ...- 1 50 3 oz. ....1 00 oz.. ...2 00 = bots : = POTASH. 6 0z...... 3 00 OS... ... in case. No. 8490 No. 8...2 49 eee 400 0. 10. o. 10... it Cove... t 3 00 No. 27.135 nae No. 3 T.2 00 No. 37.1 3 PICKLES. No 4.2 40 No. 47.150 lledium. Northrop Brand. Barrels, 1,200 count........ 4% Lem. Van. | Half bbls, 600count........ 2 90 2 oz. Taper Panel.. 75 1 20 Small. Son. Oval..:....... % 1 70 3 oz. Taper Panel..1 35 2 00} Barrels, 2,400 count....... 6 00 302 Taper Panel..1 60 2 25| Half bbls 1,200 count... 3 £0 Souders’. RICE. Oval bottle, with corkscrew. Domestic. Best in the world for the | Caroling SS oe Carolina No. 2.. aoe OGRE os 3% Imported. Japan, No.1...........-..- 6% = aaa No.2... fo. 8 Java, fancy head.......... 6 pe es ee 5% Wee oo ee... SALERATUS. Packed 60 lbs. in box. Churgns ..........5 2.3 we DMA ots. eee 8k WARNES .. 2... nese = 3 30 gl sag Apne nen ee ee 3 0b 60 lb. case £3.15 SAL SODA. Granulated, bbls........ . 5 Granulated, 100 lb cases.. 9) Lump, bbls. .... ......... 7% Lump, 145]b kegs........-. 85 SNUFP. INDIGO. Scotch, in bladders......... Madras, 5 lb boxes......... 55 | Maccaboy, in jars........... ai 8. F., 2,3 and 5 lb boxes.... 50 | French Rappee, in jars..... 4? SEEDS. AOR oc oc: 9 Canary, Smyrna........... 3% CGrewey (220 o leis et. 8 Cardamon, Malabar ..... 6) COPS 2. ce 11 Hemp, Russian.......... 3% Mizoe Bird... 7." ... 5... in Mustard, white.......... 5 Poppy a ee ee 10 EE ees eens ie 4 Cuttle BORO. 205). .5 20” SALT. Diamond Crystal. Table, cases, 24 3-lb boxes. .1 50 Table, barrels, 100 3 1b bags.2 75 Table, barrels, 407 lb bags.2 40 Butter, barrels, 280]b. bnlk.2 25 Butter, barrels, 20 14 lbbags.2 50 Butter, sacks, 28lbs......... Butter, sacks, 56 lbs......... 55 Common Grades. 100Z-Ibsneks..... .2.2...5% 1 90 OUS-TR RACES oo 1% 28 10-Ib sacks............... 1 60 Worcester. 50 4 Ib. cartons........... 3 25 115 244lb. sacks..... ....... 4 00 OO) 5 Ib. saeks...........: 36 2214 Ib. sacks..... .......3 50 2010 10 sacke co. 3 50 28 Ib. linen sacks............ 32 56 lb. linen sacks............ 60 Bulk in barrels.............. 2 50 Warsaw. 56-lb dairy in drill bags..... 30 28-lb dairy in drill bags..... 15 Ashton. 56-lb dairy in iinen sacks... 60 Higgins. 56-lb dairy in linen sacks . 60 Solar Rock. bO1 S0GKS. ee Common. Granulated Fine............ 70 Medium Fine............... q SOAP, Gast & Pulte’s Brands. White Rose, 100 bars, 7* lbs.2 75 White Rose, 5 box lot...... 2 60 White Rose, i0 b-x lot...... 2 50 G. & P.’s Leader, 100 bars...2 50 G. & P.’s Leader, 5 box lot.2 40 G. & P.’s Leader, 10 box lot.2 30 ry Fed. Simele box. a0 ec 2% 5 box lots. delivered........ 2 70 10 box lots, delivered........ 2 65 y Js, §. KIRK & G0.’S BRANDS. American Family, wrp’d....2 66 Dime 275 Canet ccs Ss 2 20 Saven 2 50 White Russian.............. 2 35 White Clond, laundry...... 6 25 White Cloud, toilet......... 3 50 Dusky Diamond. 50 6 0z....2 10 Dusky Diamond, 50 8 oz....3 00 Blue India, 100 % 1b......... 3 00 Maswane.:.... 555.556... c 3 50 es 2 50 Schulte Soap Co.’s Brand. 100 cakes, 75 Ibs. Singie hex. :. 2... 2... 5 - 2 80 5 box lots.... ..... coucccom we 16 bex 1608... scene 2 70 wp ee 1008S os es 2 60 Allen B. Wrisley’s Brands. Old Country, 801-lb. bars ..2 7% Good Cheer, 60 1-lb. bars....3 7% Uno, 100 3{-1b. bars.......... 2 50 Doll, 100 10-oz. bars.......-.. 2 05 Scouring. Sapolio, kitchen, 3 doz ..... 2 40 Sapolio, hand, 3 doz ........2 40 SODA. OR ae 5% Kegs, English.............. 4% MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 61 SPICES Whole Sifted. Alispioe ..-. 2...-.. iso Cassia, China in mats....... lz Cassia, Batavia in bund....25 Cassia, Saigon in rolls...... 32 Cloves, Amboyna........... 14 Cloves, Zanzibar............ 12 Mace, Batavia ...... te 5d Nutmegs, fancy . 6u Nutmegs, No. : ee isle tae sok 50 Nutmegs, No. 2....... ..... 45 Pepper, inate black...11 Pepper, ee white...12 Pepper, shot................ 12 Pure Ground in Buik. Aiispice. ko Cassia, Batavia ~ccoau Cassia, Saigon 40 Cloves, Zauszibar ... ....... 4 Ginger, African . ......... u Ginger, Cocnoin ............ 18 - Ginger, Jamaica .......... 23 Mace, Batavia.............. €5 Wiassare 0002, cS. 12@18 Nutmegs, ..-... 2.2.52... _ : Pepper, wing . Dinck ..... 22° Pepper, Sing., white. a” Pepper, Cayenne Bice de eace 2u Sage. +2218 SYRUPS Corn. oO a _ 15 Half: bis. 25: |: 17 Pure Cane. Fair . : i6 Good ......:. 20 Qhigied. 6. es Pa) STARCH. Kingsford’s Corn. 40 1-Ib packages............. 6 20 1 Ib packages............. 614 Kingsford’s Silver Gloss. ee -. 2, oe Gi borce.-. 5... 5... 7 Diamond. 6410c packages ........... 5 00 128 5c packages......... .. 5 00 32 10c and 64 5c packages...5 00 Common Corn. 2011b. packages.......... .. 5 40 11b. packages............. 4% Common Gloss. 1-lb Repee se 4% 3-lb aiiaen | SEERA 4% 6-lb packag os ed ee ae 456 40 and 50 lb boxes........... 3% Barrels: 2. :.. : 3 STOVE POLISH. ~ Eo rita aces ee a 4 50 No. 4, 3 doz in case, gross... No. 6, 3 doz in case, gross.. 7 20 SUGAR. Below are given New York prices on sugars, to which the wholesale dealer adds the local freight from New York to your shipping point, giving you credit on the invoice for the amount of freight buyer pee from the market in whic purchases to his shipping point, including 20 pounds for the weight of the barrel. DOMENO ioe oso Se es 5 94 COG tiOme oc 54s, 5 94 CrmeneG. os. St 5 Cre es 5 7 Pow@ero@ 0 oo cc 5 7 XXXX Powdered........... 5 8 Granulated in bbls... ...... 5 50 Granulated in bags......... 5 50 Fine Granulated............ 5 50 Extra Fine Granulated.....5 63 Extra Coarse Granulated. ..5 63 Maute Bo ee. oo cs 5 75 Diamond Confec. A........ 5 50 Confec. Standard A.........5 38 We to. or Se No 2 19 No. 3 19 No. 4.. 19 No. 5.. 13 No. 6.. 06 No. 7.. 94 No. 8.. 6 No. 9.. 63 No. 10.. 69 No. 11.. 63 No. 12. 63 No. 13.. 50 No. 14. 44 No. 16 38 No, 16 38 TOBACCOsS. Cigars. Clark-Jewell-Wells Co.’s brand. Now Briek? 0.5. 33 00 H. & P. Drug Co.’s brand. Caitette 35 00 G. J. Johnson Cigar Co.’s brand. ~ $6¥ a CW. Ruhe Bros. Co.’s Brands. Double Eag ‘es. 6 sizes.$57.70 00 Gen. Maceo, 5sizes.... 55@70 00 Mr. Thomas.........;, 35 U0 Cuban Hand Made.... 35 00 Crown Five........... 35 00 Sir William........... 25 00 Club Five.........:... 35 v0 Gens. Grant and ne 35 00 Little Peggy . a 35 00 Signal Five........... 35 U0 Knights of Pythias.. 35 00 Key West Perfects, 28z 55@60 00 TABLE SAUCES. Lea & Perrin’s, large... 4 75 Lea & Perrin’s,small... 2 75 Halford, large. ee 3 75 Halford small. a Salad Dressing, large. _-..4 oo Salad Dressing. small..... 2 6 VINEGAR. Malt White Wine, 40 grain. .. 6 Malt White Wine, 80 grain.... 9 Pure Cider, Genesee..... cae oe Pure Cider. Robinson......... ll WICKING. No. 0, per gross.. 20 No. 1, pergross.. 2% No. 2; DGESTONS... 2... 35 No. 3, per gross.............. 55 Crackers. The National Biscuit Co. quotes as follows: Butter. Seyinour XXX... 5% — XXX, 3 1b. carton sa Famiyxex 1; 1! Salted XXX _. 3a New York XXX.. ty Wolverine . coat ae oe ee eS aan iM Soda. Soda X xx Soda — 3 lb carton Soda, Long Island Wafers... L. I. Wafers, 1 lb carton .. 12 Zephnyretie:.... 5.8... 10 Oyster. Saltine Water. ..... 2.2... 53 Saltine Wafer, 1lb carton. 634 Farina Oy- fee 534 Extra Farina Oyster. 6144 SWEET GooDs—Boxes. Armaals. 2s 10% Beout's Water.... ....-..... 15 Cocoanut Tatty ........... 10 Coffee Cake, Java......... fu Cuffee Cake, Ived...... ... 10 ee 15% Ores 4 Frosted Cream............. Ginger Gems eee 3 Ginger Snaps, Rom 7% Graham Crackers ......... 8 Graham Wafers..... As 10 Grand Ma Cakes........ Leele - Smiperiais oo... ce... Jumples, Honey........... 11% Marshmallow ............. 15 Marshmallow Creams..... 16 Marshmallow Walnuts... 16 Mich. Frosted Honey.. 2% Molusses — oe ge a Newton . ee ease 2 Nie Nace) 8 Orange GemS............... 8 Penny Assorted Cakes..... 8% Pretzels, hand made ..... 8 Sears’ Lunch............... %% Moar CABG... .-... 2... ... 8 Sugar Squares............ 9 Vanilla — ees 14 Sultanas . 12% Oils. Barrels. MAGCWe oo oo coke. @11% XXX W.W.Mich.Hdlt @ 9% W W Michigan........ @ 8% Diamond White....... @ 7% Li. tl . : $ : Deo. Naptha .......... Cylinder ...........-.. 2 @34 inging................ 11 1 B'ack. winter... - 8 Candies. Grains and Feedstuffs Provisions. Stick Candy. Wheat. a. & Company quote as bbls. pails Wiheageoc5 30555 eo . 57 | 4° OT es led Pork tandard............ KO 7 Winter Wheat Flour. Mess re 10 Standard H. H...... 6 7 ecalhyands 0 jee Saeed Paka Her Eas, 495 | BROK panne eo 11 00@11 56 Gallet... ........ a : ~~~ -- EE ORES oe aie Second Patent « © 75 | Shoreeut...... 2.2.02... 10 50 Jumbo, 32 1b 6% —— cose : = Pig ee Se . = Sa : Ca 5 a oo an g 8% | Graham ~ cou) Mampi 1U0 50 Buckwheat ; = Dry Salt Meats. Mixed Candy. Subject to usual cash dis- oe: Ee eel en or Grocers reper cnee Re ET I NRG) iene gp oh ahah Competition. 1.2/7") @6 vlosr in bbls., 25¢ per bbl. ad- | Extra shorts............. Standard i g 8% ditional. Smoked [Meats Conserve. . Po , @ 7%| Ball-Barnhart-Putman’s Brand foe = 7 ae eee rs Ribbon a . Bie tee | : _ Hams, 16 1b average..... 8 oo | Broke 25-200 @% wae ee 3 50 | Hams, 20 lb average... 1% Me ORE Ree ce ee am dried beef ......... 2H English Rock (| ¢ -" Worden Grocer Co.’s Brand. oe ok (N. Y. cut). es 7 indergarten....... | @8%| Quaker, %s.... ............ acon, clear............ 12@3%4 French Cream He $ on py ss ST 3 3 California hams... 5% Dandy Pan...... ._. 10 | Quaker, %s..... ........... 3 45 | Boneless hams........... 9 Valley C @ Sees iL - Cooked ham 10@12 alley Cream.. .... @lR Sing WVhest Far, fs 0@12% Fancy—In Bulk. Clark-Jewell-Wells Co.’s Brand. Lards. In Tierces. i Lozenges, plain..... Pillsbury’s Best %s........ 60 . Lozenges, Sinigd. g 5” ae _— 4s : = 7 oc. Drops........ sbury’s Best %s........ Choc. ‘ensencniais oi Pillsbury’s Best 4s paper.. 4 40 a % Gum Drops......... @6 | Pillsbury’s Best 14s paper.. 4 40 | 20 Ib Pails....__. 5% Moss Drops......... @8 | Ball-Barnhart-Putman’s Brand. | 10 1b Pails....... advance % Sour Drops.......... @9 5 Ib Pails....... advance 1 Imperials ........... @9 3 1b Pails....... advance 144 Fancy—In 5 Ib. Boxes. Sistecee Sausages. « Lemon Drops....... @50 r La. en Sour Drops......... @50 7 Peppermint Drops. . @60 556 oo Drops.. @é60 6 M. Choc. Drops... @i5 9 Gum Drops......... @30 6% Licorice Drops...... @ Beef A. B. Licorice _~ @50 Extra Mess r 10 25 Lozenges, plain.. pet Maadiot 66 viel eciee sean 3 ape Lozenges, printed... @50 ee ners 1 30 Imperials Sanaa br a... 14 50 Mottoes .. @55 Pigs’ Feet. Cream Bar.......... @30 Mibts, 5) Te 70 Molasses Bar ....._. @50 4 bbls, 40 lbs............ 1 35 Hand Made Creams. 80 @1 00 % bbls, 80 lbs.......... 1) 2 50 Plain Creams....... 60 @90 T Decorated Creams. . @9 Kits, 15 lbs... .. String Rock......... @60 14 bbls, 40 lbs... Burnt Almonds..... 15 @ % bbls, 80 lbs... Wintergreen Berries @60 ; Casings. Caramels. Duluth Imperial, Ae 475 rom. 14 No. 1 wrapped, 2 Ib. Duluth Imperial, 48. ... . 4 65 | Bec So 0” Beren @35 Duluth Imperial, \s....... 4 55 Sheep .... Cc nN 60 No. 1 1 wrapped, 3 lb, an Lemon & Wheeler Co.’s Brand. rr age No Sigona io a Gold Medal ¥s............. 4 6)| Rolls, dairy............. No.2 2 wrapped, 7 Gold Medal 48...-....-... 450 | Solid’ dairy ...002222721. ‘9% Len Gold Medal %s............. 4 40 Rolis, a 4 a = Se eee estou ceed ia Solid, creamery ......... 13% ° wrisianl, $48.00... . Lk. Canned ed Meats. Fruits. Parisian. %8................ 4 40] corned beef, 2 1b... 2 50 Olney & Judson ’s Brand. Corned beef, 2 118 50 Oranges. Ceresota, 38................ 470 ae beet, = 1b... ... 2 35 | @ereneta tee 5 e am, 348....... 50 | Medt Sweets........ @ = 48. oe [= Potted ham, As Jee 90 Late Valencias ...._ 3 20@ Ce PS eet 4 50! Deviled ham 148 50 Worden Grocer Co.’s Brand. Deviled ham. is i 90 Lemons. aurel, te. 48 | Potted tongue ae 50 Strictly choice 360s.. @5 50} Laurel, }4s.......... ee Potted tongue a 90 Strictly choice 300s.. @b5 50} Laurel, 48.......... ancy 360s or 300s... @é6 00 Meal. en : ll Se 10| Fresh Meats. om | mona ane @ Granulated ............... 210 Bananas. Feed and Milistuffs. Beef. St. Car Feed. screened ....16 (0 | Carcass . ee 8 oe a -125 @! 50| No.1 Corn and Oats..... .15 5)| Fore quarters... |, 588 nis arge bunches...... 17 @2 0 Unbolted Corn Meal . ua 14 50 Hind quarters........ 7T4G 4% inter eat Bran... . .12 00} Loins No. 3........... 9 12 Foreign nig Pruits. b oar Wheat Middlings. 14 = — ee " : oa . creenings.. a. «1 NE eS Choice, 101b boxes.. @ Corn. Chucks............ .. 6 % 6% Extra choice, 14 1b Gar lots. ve. 38 | Plates ...... 00.0000... 3 @ 3% ‘ a aaa seca . “ Less than car lots......... 35 Pork ancy xes. ' a Mikados, 18 Car lots. . — 24 eee ee ~ 5 bowes.. 0... @ Carlots clipped .. oe ge ig OT T% Pulled, 6 1b boxes. . eee Shoulders............. 6 Naturals, in bags. . 2 7 Less than er tacay coeeees %B ee El a ene ti. ae ’ —— cariots. .. "8 so 2 Mutton Fards in 10 lb boxes 8 . » ton tee OE eis, due ano 6% T% — in 60 ib cases g 6 Spring Lambs... ..... SQ ° ersiaus, G. M’s..... @5 e Ib eases, new... @¢6 |Fish and Oysters ~—_ Sairs, 60 1b cases.... @ 4% Careass -7 @9- Fresh Fish. eee Per ib.| Hides aa Pelts. Nuts. Whitefish ........... @ 8 Pes Hass sg . 10 | The Cappon & Bertsch Leather Almonds, Tarragona... B13 Halibus .........:..- @ 15 Co., 100 Canal Street, quotes as Almonds, Ivaca....... @ Ciscoesor Herring. @ 4 | follows: Almonds, California, Bluefish. -.....-. 2g 10 Hides. soft shelled......... @13 | Live Lobster....... Brazils ewe i oi Boiled Lobster...... @ 18 —_— = I-20 g ma HS occ c | GEE | Cea cs... .. ——- Grenobles . @14 | Haddock............ @ 8 | Cured No. x a -~ Om Wal Calif N 1. No. 1 Pickerel @ 8 Cured No. 2............ @ 8% W oe 8, ft shell A Phe eo @ 7 |Calfskins, green No.1 @9 2 ate, soft shelle . cee ee es cae @ j | Galfskins, green No.2 @ 7% Table Nate, fancy’: Gio | Smoked White..//.) @ & | Calfskins, cured No.1 @u0ts Table Nuts, choice... @9 | Red Snapper. @ 10 — ee Pecans, Med........... @8 = — Salmon.. $ . Pelts. Pecans, Ex. Large.... @10 ackerel .......... : Pecans, Jumbos....... @l2 Oysters in Cans. Polite, each... ...... 50@1 00 Hickory Nuts per bu., F. J. Standards...... 25 1 Ohio, new........... @1 60| w. H. Counts........ @ 35 Tallow. Cocoanuts, full sacks @350| Selects.............. @ Siw ge @3 Peanuts. is Bulk. gal. I esis... @2 ounts...... 1 Scena ae ae ~~ X Select... 180 Wool. Hoo ge iage uchor Standards.,........ Washed, fine ......... @i18 quan E. P., Extras. $ ix Shell Goods. Washed, medium...... @23 Choice, H. P., Extras, Oysters, per 100....... 1 25@1 50 Unwashed, _ --11 @I3 Rose 5% | Clams, per 100....... @1 3 Unwashed, medium ..16 @is Crockery and Glassware. AKRON STONEWARE. Butters, 36 gal, perdos............ 40 1 to 6 gal., ae gal... 5 8 gal., Seen 40 iG@agel. cach... .. ....... 5U 12 gal., each.. seus OF 15 gal. meat- -tubs, each....1 10 20 gal. meat-tubs, each....1 50 25 gal. meat-tubs, each....2 25 30 gal. meat-tubs, each....2 Tu Churns. 2 to 6 gal., per gal......... 5 Churn Dashers, per doz... 85 Fruit Jars. Dae oe cctaae oF oe OE ee eee. CL. 5 50 we gal a ih ai ila al old edie a 7 2 Comet. 2 v0 RAUICTE co we. 2% Milkpans. % gal. flatorrd. bot.,doz. 45 1 gal. flat orrd. bot.,each 5 Fine Glazed Milkpans. % gal. flat or rd. bot., 60 1 gal. flat or rd. bot.,each 5% Stewpans. % gal. fireproof, bail, dos. 8 1 gal. fireproof, bail, doz.1 10 Jugs. 44 gal., per dosa.....:....... 40 “4 gal.. per dos.... ........ & 1 to 5 gal., per gal......... “by Tomato — \% gal., per doz.. oe EOMs., COGN 8... 8 by Corks for % gal., perdoz.. 20 Corks for 1 gal., per doz.. 30 Preserve Jars and Covers. \% gal., stone cover, doz... 75 1 gal., stone cover, doz...1 00 Sealing Wax. 5 lbs. in package, per Ib.. 2 LAMP BURNERS. Ne: @ am... 35 Ne. 8 Se. co 49 We. 2 fan... &8 Tye, S Se. 1 60 OPEN oo 5u Security, No. 1. ..: 2... ..... €0 Security, No. 2.. ehecue £0 Nutmeg ...... 50 LAMP CHIMNEY S—Seconds. Per box of 6 doz. No. 0 Sun.. Seasecee: eee De. 3 Se 1 43 MO. 2 OaM. io... i... 213 Common Nou@ Sam... .. 1 50 We, 280. 1 60 ING. 2 2 45 First —-. No. 0 Sun, crimp top, wrapped and labeled. 2 10 No. 1 Sun, crim P, wrapped and labe mr ._2 55 No. 2 Sun, crim wrapped and labe oe Pry 15 XXX Pliint. No. 0 Sun, crimp top, wrapped and ae ed.... 2 55 No. 1 Sun, crim top, an ae and labeled. 275 Sun, crim to op, wrapped and labeled.... 3 75 CHIMNEYS—Peari Top. No.1 Sun, wrapped and TOON w isbe 2 ay wrapped and abe No. 2 om “Small Bulb,” for Globe eon Pee cua 80 La Bastie. we 1 Sun. plain bulb, per No. 2 Sun, plain bulb, per Se ele adc ae 15 No. 1 Crimp, per doz....... 1 35 No. 2 Crimp, per doz.. ... 1 60 Rochester. No. 1, Lime (65¢ doz). .... 3 50 No. 2) Lime (70c doz).. .. 4 06 No. 2, Flint Son ee 4 70 Blectric. No. 2, Lime (70 doz) ..... 4 00 No. 2) Flint (80e doz)...... 4 40 OIL CANS. Doz. 1 gal tin cans with spout.. 1 25 1 gal galv iron with spout. 1 50 2 gal galy iron with spout. 2 58 3 gal galv iron with peg : = 5 gal galv iron with spout 3 gal galv iron with faucet 4 5 5 gal ge aly iron with faucet 5 25 5 gal Tilting cans.......... 5 gal galv iron Nacefas.. Pump Cans. 5 gal Rapid steady stream. 5 gal Eureka non- ee 3 gal Home Rule.. ene 5 gal Home Rule.... ...... 5 gal — nice san LANTERNS. No. 0Tubular.. acd ca No. 1B Tubular...... ... No. 13 Tubular Dash. .... 6 No. 1Tub., glass fount.... 7 No. 12 Tubu ar, side lamp. 14 No. 3Street Lamp........ LANTERN GLOBES. No. 0 Tubular, caxes 1 doz. each, box 10 cents.. ..... No. 0 Tubular, cases 2 dos. each, box 15 cents....... No. 0 Tubular, bbis 5 doz. Ce eo No. 0 tubular, bull’s eye, cases 1 doz. each.. it bt om” eoxooo oa wo am RSSSRS SSSSS SS & & seeeece 62 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Hardware Trade Drawing Amusements. If managed properly the hardware dealer ought to secure a portion of the trade which comes to town during the fall festivities, like fairs and race meet- ings. There are many things in his stock which may be counted among the most indispensable articles used by hu- manity of both genders. Where these gayeties do not go on at certain periods, and the town is not fully alive to the possibilities for accelerating trade by means of them, a committee should by all means be organized to see about get- ting up such an affair which will attract newcomers to town and help along busi- ness. Some. enterprising merchants who are most deeply interested in the subject should get together and see what they can do to further the interests of the town. Such a plan of procedure necessitates some trouble and expense, but this will be more than recompensed for and paid back by the impetus which it gives to business. At such festivities these people often make arrange- ments to do some purchasing and the merchant who has his store decorated most tastefully and goods arranged most attractively will come off with a good share of the visitors’ purchasing capac- ity. In many cases it is true that peo- dle who are seeking pleasure do not al- ways combine business with it; in such cases the window displays are an im- portant feature in drawing trade. Peo- ple pass by the store and as there is al- ways an irresistible desire felt to look in they generally see something they fancy and go in and purchase it. When the amusements are going on and the crowds are out at the scene of attraction the store might be closed. This would be generally in the afternoon. Sucha change would be refreshing to the clerks and enliven them so that they would go back to their work and transact busi- ness with a fresh vim. There is an- other reason why towns should endeavor to bave these amusements: it impresses outsiders with an idea of its progress- iveness and does much to influence the increase of the population by means of an influx of people, either from other towns or from the country—all of which is of material assistance to the mer- chant.—Hardware Reporter. > 2-2 Maintain a High Standard. It is to be hoped that the coming sea- son will not witness any of the so-called attempts at bargain-makinug which are so detrimental to trade. The present in- dications are that people will be ina financial position to pay sufficiently high prices for their hardware to enable dealers to maintain prices, which in all probability will soon be raised. As every one is well aware, there is a tend- ency on the part of many people to try to purchase goods as cheaply as _possi- ble, although they are able to pay well for them. This practice prevails in all so-called circles, the immediate cause of it being frequently a desire to econ- omize on necessities in order to buy some luxuries. That this is a great evil every one is willing to admit. How difficult it is to do away with may be judged when it is observed that the cus- tom has steadily grown until it has be- come firmly fixed in many people’s minds. This unfortunate predilection which causes so much trouble in trade circles is also fostered in a great degree by dealers who work against the inter- ests of legitimate trade by cheapening goods in order to accelerate business. Such a proceeding is made easier also by flooding the market with low-priced duplicates of high-class goods, whicb exercises an evil influence on others who desire to maintain a higher stand- ard of excellence in quality of goods and to secure a legitimate profit upon them. A scheme like this could be easily car- tied out in such merchandise as hard- ware, where cheap imitations are not easily detected by the average inexperi- enced purchaser. The injurious con- sequences of attempts at cheapening goods can not easily be calculated. They injure the manufacturer of the higher grade merchandise and the reaction up- on the originator is hurtful, as he soon finds rivals like himself who do not hesitate to fight him with his own weapons until profit is utterly de- stroyed and the goods must be sold at a loss. Examples of the fatal results fol- lowing upon this line of conduct are endless in all branches of business. In order to maintain a standard of price necessary to obtain a lawful profit there should be some co-operation. A sale or two better be lost than to sell to people who desire cheap goods simply for par- simonious reasons. Self-interest ought to urge dealers to stand together in pro- tecting their rights and preserving a certain standard in qualities and prices. Animosity and rivalry should be for- gotten or ignored for a while at least, or until people are led to desire, appreci- ate and are willing to’pay for goods of a superior quality. The present rise in prices, which should be gratifying to merchants and meet with unqualified approval, ought to be the beginning ofa new era in the hardware trade, coming as it does at the close of a memorable conflict for right and justice and at the opening of a period of great financial prosperity to the country. At sucha time it would be well for all merchants to consecrate it with a vow to uphold a higher standard of excellence in the store. ————_ > e—__ Advance in Sheet Iron. The Iron and Steel Sheet Manufac- turers’ Association met at Pittsburg last week and authorized an advance of Io cents per 100 pounds on black steel sheets and 5 per cent. on galvanized sheets. Probably another advance will be made before the end of the year to offset the more pronounced advance in the price of billets ——___~>-0 > ____ The Last Remedy. ‘*My sister has lost her voice and we've tried every doctor in towr.”’ ‘‘That so? Then-¢ry her with a’mouse. ’ LIVINGSTON HOTEL, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. FIRST-CLASS IN EVERY RESPECT. THE ONLY HOTEL IN THE CITY WITH SUITABLE ARRANGEMENTS anv CON- VENIENCES FOR LADIES. RATES: $2, WITH BATH $2.50. MEALS 50 CENTS. Varnishes Japans 2 © diaticiiniics CRYSTAL: ROCK F I N IS H = pag my Use @ TOLEDO, OHIO. @ Ox GXOKOKOXOXEXO'S O® 8 Hackeye Paint & Vaitioh ox oh Co.? PAINT, COLOR AND VARNISH MAKERS Shingle Stains Wood Fillers ~ COOCOOOQDOODOOS QDOHOHHSEGExe OOO No. 1, for Tire 2 1-2 inches wide, 75 cents. No 2, for Tire 4 1-2 inches wide, $1.25. You will never have loose tires if you will boil your felloes in Linseed Oil. Buy one! Fill it with Linseed Oil! Build a fire under it! Put your wagon wheel on a spindle and turn it slowly through the hot oil in this cast iron trough. Your felloes will become impervious to water and consequently your Tires will not Cost of one saved many times in one For sale by loosen. season. FOSTER, STEVENS & CO., Grand Rapids. ' © DDDDDDDIHHHHDHIOI (ILORK-RUTKA-JEWELL (0. 38 & 40 South Ionia St. © Opposite Union Depot. Complete stock of HARDWARE, TINWARE, CUTLERY and every- thing usually kept in a first-class hardware store. STRICTLY WHOLESALE Allorders filled promptly at bottom ruling prices. Mail orders solicited. CLARK-RUTKA-JEWELL CO., Grand Rapids, Mich. DOQDODDDODD) Se - ee fo ws SER Oey Se - ee fo we ot eR ce) a See acs a ee ee se ee ee nee ee ie ee Eee eer Lee ee ee a oe eee eee ate haa oracle ences! era a ae ee MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 63 CROCKERY TRADE. Rapid Strides Made During Fifteen Years. In response to your request for a lit- tle talk about crockery, showing the de- velopment of the business for the past fifteen years, we can point with great pride to the strides that have been made in the development of the industry in this country. In 1883 the American potteries were only fairly beginning to make ware which would give’ satisfac- tion, and then only in the very cheapest grades. All the fine classes of goods came entirely from Europe, as the qual- ity of American ware was coarse and heavy and the factories were obliged to send a good portion of it to the auction rooms, as it came from the kiln far too coarse to sell or was returned by their customers on account of the glaze crack- ing, or, as it is termed, ‘‘crazing.’’ The product at this time was protected by a tariff of 55 and 60 per cent. ad valorem, but even with this protection they made apparently but small head- way, only a few of the factories of that time being in operation now. How- ever, in the space of ten years they steadily grew in number and were con- stantly learning and selling their wares at more or less reduced prices, until in 1891 they were helped by the Govern- ment in the way of an additional duty of 55 and 60 per cent. being placed upon all packages in which foreign goods were packed, thus giving them still further protection of 10 to 15 per cent. In August, 1894 the duty was cut down by the Cleveland administration to 30 and 35 per cent., with the same rate of duty on packages. This seemed at the time particularly hard on the American factories, as, while they had been stead- ily learning their business, they were hampered by lack of the unlimited cap- ital and long’ experience, running through generations, of their English competitors, and the ware had really not improved to a very great extent, ex- cept in occasicnal factories during the past ten years. All made an immediate reduction in prices, in accordance with the reduction in the tariff; notwith standing this decline, ware continued to be turned out in this country in con- stantly increasing quantities. The English shipments were usually a little less each year, giving the domestic manufacturers constant hope tbat the end was in sight. They made even better ware under the lower price than before, seeming to strive harder than ever for a great increase of trade, in which lay their only hope of success under these low-tariff conditions. Jn August, 1897, the Dingley bill put the tariff on crockery back exactly where it had been before, 55 per cent. on white goods and 60 per cent on decorated goods, but instead of advancing their prices to cover the reduction made in 1894,some of the factories made a slight advance of 5 per cent.; others paid no attenticn to the change in tariff, so that the net result to the consumer, dur- ing the past fifteen years, is that all common white and cheaper grades of decorated ware, such as is used by the masses of the people, is 3314 per cent. lower in price. This shows, we think, that a more moderate tariff had a stimulating effect upon the factories, causing them to be managed with greater care in all de- partments, so that when the higher tariff was restored prices did not ad- vance at all in proportion to the change this country are now sold regardless of the tariff, and it has never been so well made and so free from crazing as at the present time. The finer grades of earthenware, how- ever, continue to be made in England, and on all these lines the price is en- tirely governed by the tariff, the peo- ple paying more for the ware under a high tariff than under the more moder- ate tariff formerly in use, thus showing that in the case of this trade, at least, the foreigner does not pay the duty; and, although trade is very slack now with English potteries doing business with America, they seem to be unable to reduce their operating expenses suffi- ciently to make a reduction in their prices. In the china branch of the earthen- ware trade, the business is done entirely with foreign countries, France, Ger- many and Austria selling all that is used in this country, the cheaper lines, such as are found on the 5 and to cent counters, coming from Austria or some German factories, and the best grades and finest decorations from the French factories at Limoges. There has been a steady advance in the artistic merit of these goods, which is probably caused by the constantly-in- creasing number of amateur china painters, who demand the most artistic shapes and the daintiest of decorations on this class of ware. China is constantly increasing in use, some of it now being as low in price as our American glassware, and seems to be largely supplanting that line in the favor of the public. The time will un- doubtedly come when our factories will attempt this line of manufacture, but at present it is impossible to compete with the cheap German and Austrian labor, where a piece of meat is only a Sunday luxury, and 20 cents will actually go as far in supporting a i as the Amer- ican dollar. . LEONARD. fee Grand Trunk Dining Cars Everybody who has had the good _for- tune to enjoy a meal on the Grand Trunk Dining Cars is profuse in his praise of the good service, excellent cuisine and liberal table supplied. Mr. J. Lea, Jate of Windsor Hotel, Montreal, has been appointed to this part of the service and the public are appreciating the endeavors of the company to have an unequaled service in this department of a great system. FOLDING TABLE SIZE 12 x 27 in 36 CASH WITH ORDER. { QUARTERED -OAK SIZE 36 INCHES So STERLING Fipnrrure(o. of duty. Many lines of ware made in GRAND HAVEN, MICH. Hardware Price Current. ee one Stamped Tin Ware:...... ......... new list 75&10 dapannod Tin Ware...............-....-... 20&10 Granite Iron Ware................. new list 40&10 AUGURS AND BITS HOLLOW WARE eM ee a... 60&1 Jennings’, genuine .......... Se Tn 60&10 Jennings’, imitation ... ................. .. tee ee First Quality, S. B ae — Ts) . iy, & B. Browse ................. 5 00 First Quality, D. B. Bronze................. a per doz. a aa First Quality, . B. S. Steel... Ce First Quality, D. B. Steel.............+..... 10 50 WIRE GOODS a BARROWS Se etree 80 EOPEEOI oo 812 00 14 00 ee 80 Ce net 3000 Gate Hooks and Eyes....................... 80 BOLTS LEVELS Oe a, 60&10 | Stanley Rule and Level Co.’s............ dis 70 Carriage Pe a 70 to 75 ROPES 6 50 _ ie inch and larger.. 10% BUCKETS «i (ttCtCi(Cé| MMmnliiéd§«}.«w« =... ow nn nnn nn ence ene eee erence 11% UARES Well, plain..... 0.0... ee eeeee cee ceeeee ee Sian 70&10 BUTTS, CAST eee OE Cr 60 Cast Loose Pin, figured.. i -.70&10 ie 50 Wrought Narrow........... .:cscess eeeeeee 70&10 SHEET IRON si com. smoo ¢ BLOCKS men Wie 82 70 40 Ordinary Tackle.. ee ca linee Beta fe es. 2 70 2 40 Mose 2... .... ae 2 80 2 45 cRow BARS ioe sete. 3 00 2 55 COINS ooo cl, — Sere "Oth aac si ara aa amy ees eg hahah 45 | 14x20 IX, Charcoal, Dean ................... 5 50 Be ae ee 70 | 20x28 IC, Charcoal, Dean........ ........04- 9 00 c ne Suen ease eee a 50 | 14x20 IC, Charcoal, Allaway Grade......... 4 00 oe eee 15 | 14x20 IX, Charcoal, Allaway Grade......... 5 00 2asing 6 7 ee “cee choammnome on gcn a aoa 25 | 20x28 1C; Charcoal, Allaway Grade......... 8 00 eae 10 = srauee ritccecccesstenceee +. vece cn = 20x28 IX, Charcoal, Allaway Grade......... 10 00 Finish Sadvance..00000. 00000000 ® BOILER SIZE TIN PLATE Minish @a@vanee..........-....:........... 45 | 14x56 IX, for No. 8 eet é 9 Barrel % advance............... ccc ccee ee eee 85 | 14x56 IX, for No. 9 Boilers, ¢ PET POUNnG..- MILLS Coffee, Parkers Co.’S..........0.00eece esac 40 00OOSOOCOOOCOCOS Coffee, P. S. & W. Mfg. Co.’s ee. 40 Coffee, Landers, Barry = o ark i 40 , Coffee, Enterprise... a. see ee es: 30 It re al S i MOLASSES GATES Stebbin’s Pattern............ Ss 60&10 ' Stebbin’s Genuine... .......-...-.. sss. 00e. 60410 et Enterprise, self-measuring ............ .... 30 PLANES Ohio Tool Co.’s, fancy.............2--02--+. @50 Nothing takes so well with Selota Bench se aiarastpecea cece neeesestse cess an the visitors at fairs as pic- ndusky Tool Co.’s, famcy................. 5 " ate "") @50 an cards, ere hile oxdli Stanley Rule and Level Co.’s wood......... 60 ully preserved, walle ordl- PANS = nary cards, circulars and Fry, A wee ce eeee eens coos + 60G10G10 pamphlets are largely de- Camen, pallsned. ee eee cece ceeees Orecee-- 7& 5 stroyed and wasted. We RIVETS have a fine line of Picture Tron.and Tinned <... ....:.....-.. 60 Cand Copper Rivets and Burs.. 60 ards, varying in price PATENT PLANISHED IRON from $3 to $6 per 1,000, in- “A” Wood’s patent planished, Nos. 24 to 27 10 20 cluding printi — on back. “B” Wood’s patent planished, Nos. 25 to 27 9 20 Samples mailed on appli- Broken packages %c per pound extra. cation. HAMMERS Maydole & Co.'s, new list ais 418 TRADESMAN COMPANY ee et oe dis 2 Yerkes &Flumb’s.. ee dis W&10 GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Mason’s Solid Cast Steel... ‘80c lis, 70 Mncernfth’s Sold Cast Stasi Wand oe te 40418 | SOCSSSOSS COSSOOOOOSOSSSSS 64 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN GRAIN TRADE. Grand Rapids As a Milling and Wheat Center. Probably one of the best industries on the Grand River has been the flour mill- ing industry. We hear that previous to the advent of railroads in Grand Rap- ids flour was shipped by way of boat down the Grand River to Chicago by way of Grand Haven; also east to De- troit and to Buffalo. Grand Rapids flour, in those early days, had a fair rep- utation. Martin L. Sweet and James M. Barnett did most of the business as flour shippers. The mills were then on the east side of the river. They were burned down before the writer of this sketch came here. We will take up the milling interest from 1875. There were then the Star, the Crescent, the Valley City and the Globe Mills. The Star Mills were oper ated by Mangold, Kusterer & Co. ; the Crescent by Hibbard, Rose & Co ; the Valley City by Carey & Barnes, and the Globe by J. Widve. about 1,600 barrels daily. This is flour only. There are also a number of feed mills which grind corn and oats. All the owners of the mills did every- thing in their power to increase the rep- utation of the Grand Rapids flour, as well as to extend the trade, and to-day the Grand Rapids flour and the milling firms are known in all the Southern, as well as the Eastern, States. Export business has not been done on a large scale thus far, but without doubt there will be considerable exporting done in the near future. In 1875 the mills were reported to use about 2,500 bushels of wheat daily, pro- viding they were running full capacity, but 1,800 bushels per day would be nearer the correct figure. To-day, ow- ing to the fact that the Star, Crescent, Valley City and Globe Mills have steam connection, and cn account of the large use of water for cther purposes than making flour, they keep grinding right along, high water or no water. Low water is almost invariably the con- The capacity of the mills was: Star Mills, 150 barrels maximum; the same for the Crescent and for the Valley City, while that of the Globe was 75 barrels. Total capacity, 525 barrels perday. But their average output was hardly that, as in those days the mills were bothered with high water and, having no steam power as an auxiliary, had to close down and wait for the water to recede. This was when stones and bubrs were in use. In 1880 there came a radical change in milling all over the worid, when rolls made their appearance. The Grand Rapids mills commenced to change over by degrees, and all used some buhrs_ in connection with the rolls. In 1882 the Model Mill was built by Hatch & Mitchell, on Winter street. It was after- ward moved by Converse & Powers to Court street, its present location. The capacity of the mills of the city to-day is: Star Mills, 375 barrels; Cres- cent Mills, 450; Valley City, 325; Model Mills, 325; Globe Mills, 125, or dition now, while high water was the rule previous to 1883. As the Model is a steam mill, it necessitates a daily wheat supply of over 7,600 bushels. As lute as 1882 the mills had to ship wheat out at certain times of the year, as Grand Rapids was a wheat center and wheat came here from al! direciions, and some days in the fall any of the mills took in as high as 3,000 bush- els per day; when their storage capacity was full nothing remained for the miller but to ship wheat out. I well remember that on cone day the mills shipped out sixteen cars. Allthis is changed to-day. There is not enough wheat brought in in wagons by farmers to keep one of the large mills running half a day, the reasons whereof are numerous: First, there is not as much wheat grown. Grand Rapids has grown from 30,000 to over 100,000 population and it requires more vegetables to supply them. Farm- ers have also gone largely into fruit raising. Second, there are more mills built in surrounding towns. Third, we have railroads al] around us, which fact detracts largely from our market as far as wheat by wagon is concerned, es- pecially as the railroads favor shippers of wheat—will set cars on sidetracks and allow farmers time to load—and there are wheat houses almost every three miles. All this detracts from wheat being hauled direct to the mills, so Grand Rapids miils have to bring their wheat in cars from surrounding sta- tions. It certainly would be in the in- terest of Grand Rapids if we could bave farmers come in with wheat as they did fifteen years ago; but then, things change with the times, and this is one of them. However, railroads are a blessing even for the millers, for what would the mills here have done two years ago when all were getting the most of their wheat from Chicago? The writer well remembers when freight rates were eighty cents per bar- rel to Boston; now forty cents per bar- rel. A car then constituted one hun dred barrels. Later a car had to be loaded with one hundred and twenty-tive barrels, and now they take from one hundred fifty to about two hundred bar- rels. Taking the larger carloads en- ables them to give the millers cheaper rates. While eighteen years ago there were five milling firms, to-day there are only two: the Voigt Milling Co. and the Valley City Milling Co. Cc. G. A. Voiert. WANTS COLUMN. Advertisements will be inserted under this head for two cents a word the first insertion and one cent a word for each b EST LOCATION IN MICHIGAN FOR A cold storage ard general produce dealer. Write to tne Secretary of tne Otsego Improve: meut Association. Otsego. Mich 631 ERCHANTS—DO YOU WISH CASH QUICK for your stock of merchundise, or any pxrt of it? Address John A. Wade, Cadillac, — 7: EXCHANGE—FOR CLOTHING, DRY goods or shoes. very nice well rented Grand Rapids property. Address No. 552, care Michi- gern Tradesman. 52 for RENT OR SALE—A STORE SUITABLE for general merchandi-e. located in a pros perous village in Berrien county, Mich. splen- did wpportunity for a live man to establi-h @ paying business. For particulars address I. W. Allen, St. Joseph. Mich. 649 O EXCHANGE— FARMS AND OTHER property for dry goods, clothing and shovs. Address P. Meda.ie. Mancelona. Mich __553_ COUNTRY PRODUCE \ X 7ANTED — FIRST-CLASS BUTTER FOR retail trade. Cash paid. Correspond with Caulkett & Co.. Trave’se City, Mich. 381 \ ANTED—1.000 CASES FRESH EGGS, daily. Write for prices. F. W. Brown, Ithaca, Mich. 556 "FIREPROOF SAFES NX EO. M. SMITH, NEW AND SECONDHAND sufes, wood and brick building mover, 157 Ottawa street, Grand Rapids. 513 : ‘SHIRTS. AVE YOURS MA"E TO YOUR MEASURE. Send for measurement blanks. Frank T. Collver, 103 Washtenaw St. E . Lansing, Mich. 635 MISCELLANEOUS. XPERIENCED GROCERY CLERK W’‘LL “4 be open for engagement about Sept, 1A, Good references. Willing to take other work. Address Grocer, care Michigan Tradesman. 00 OSITION WANTED BY YOUNG MARRIED man with hardware and imp'ement house. Ten years’ exper’enc: , three as manager. Good references. Address Hardware, care Michigan Tradesman. 695 TANTED sITUATION AS MANAGER OF a general store by a competent and exper ienced man. Best of references. Address J., care Michigan Tradesman. 694 JANTED-—SITUATION IN A CLOTHING or gener?] store by an A No. 1 salesman. Address No. 685, cxre Michigan Tradesman. 685 q t in- sertion. No advertisements taken for less than 2s5cents. Advance payment. BUSINESS CHANCES. YOK sALE—A:MOUOsT NEW DAUGHERTY typewriter, for $30 c:sh—$* with order, bal- ance C. UO. D. Cost $5 when new. Perfect work guaranteed. L A. Ely, Alma, Mich. 702 Sa. ‘ATION FOR SHOt STORE. Would like to put shoe stock in with gen- eral stock in good town, Address C. A. Simonds. Niles, M ch. 703 NOR SALE--A BAZAAR STOCK WHICH WILL inventory between $1,500 and #2,0UuU in one of the best towns in Michigan with population of from 3,000 to 4,00. Address No. 6, care Vichigan Trad sman. 646 V EAT MAKKET FUR SALE—ON ACCOUNT 4Vi of poor health Doing a good business; have big resort trade. Inuvestigaie. as ycu can buy cheap. Joh G. Furman, Coloma, Mizh 697 7 D—C sH PAID FOR S OCKS OF shes, clothing or dry gouds. Correspond- ence confidential, Address R. B., Box 251, Montague, Mich. 99 NOK SALE—CLEAN GENERAL STOCK aND s ore bu Iding in smai] towp surrounded by excellent farming and fruit country less than tifty miles from Grand Ripids. Good reasons for selling. Inspection solicited. Termsreason- able. Address for particulars No. 691. care Michigan Tradesman. 691 MPLETE JUNK BUSINESS ESTAB- lished for a term of years. Splendid oppor- tunity for right party; will be sold cheap for e«sh or part cash and good security. DuBois Hardware Co., Batt e Creek, Mich. 689 NOR SALE—NEW GENERAL STOCK. A splendid farming country. Notrad:s. Ad- dress No. 6-0, care Michigan Tradesman 680 NOR Si. LE CHEAP—AN OLD ES: ABLISHED confectionery business in Jackson, Mi-h. Wr te orcallon L C Townsend. Room 18, Brink Blo k. Jackson, Mich. €87 ENTRALLY LOCATED DRUG STORE, DO- ing a good business in the city, for sale. Good reasons for selling. Address I, Frank- ford, Fire Insurance and Real Estate Agent, Phone 1236, 53 West Bridge Street, Grand Rapids. 667 pple CHEE-E FACTORY. STATE capacity and lowest cash price. Cliff Bros., 68 E. Randolph st., Chicago. 678 NOR SALE—DRUG, BOOK AND STATION- ery stock. invoicing 4.500, and fixtures invoicing $300, which include show cases. shelv- ing and bottles. Daily cash sales in !891, 82 : 892, $30; 1893. $31; 1894. $84.65; 1895. $25; 1896, $21.20, and 1$97,#2413 Located in manufactur- ing town. Nocut prices. Rent reasonable, #29 per month. Living rooms in connection. Ad- dress No. 668, care Michigan Tradesman. 668 OR SALE—FURNITURE AND UNDERTAK- ing business in the most enterprising town in Southwestern Michigan, Best location in the city. Address No. 673, care Michigan Trades- man, for particulars. 673 VOR SALE DRUG STORE IN BEST CITY IN Michigan. Average daily sales, $2}; per cent. profits, 50 per cent. Monthly ex- penses, %0. These are facts. Investigate. Ad- dress No. 659, care Michigan Tradesman. 659 SS WANTED BY A SINGLE MAN. Lar.e experience in general merchandise. Can give good references. Address No. 664, care Michigan Tradesman. 664 MAU A ) Be woman Steinwzy, Everett, Wegman, Harvard, Kroeger and other pianos. Farrand & Votey Organs. The wonderful ANGELUS ORCHESTRAL, a perfect piano player. A perfect self- playing organ. In appearance it is a small cabinet of elegant de- sign and finish. This cabinet contains two full sets of reeds, of five octaves each, orchestral voiced; one of a violin or string quality, the other of a flute or pipe quality. This cabinet can be _— in any part of the house, and when away rom piano is a powerful self playing organ in it- self. At side and rear of cabinet are panels which fold back, admitting it to be placed to the key- board of any piano, upright, square or grind. When it is desired to play the piano the cabinet is rolied ito position in front of piano, the panels are folded back and the openings in case allow the cabinet to slide under the key-board or front of the piano. The piano and organ are both operated by means of pedais in the cabinet, the bellows being large and ea-ily operated. We have an extensive selection of music to choose from, which has taken years to prepare and to which we are constantly adding new. 7 Call and see this wonderful instrument or send tor catalogue to fs NOS. 21-23 S. DIVISION ST., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH, McCMULLEN BLOCK, 2ND FLOOR. "agitate Travelers’ Time Tables. & Northeastern Ry. Best route to Manistee. MANISTE CHICAGO ™* "ug Ch Ly. G. Rapids........... icago. 7:30am 3:40pm * 2:l5am Ar. Chicago.............2:10pm 9:C5pm 7:30am Ly. Chicago............ 9:20am 4:15pm * 8:45pm Ar. G’d Rapids....... .. 1:25pm 10:30pm * 2:15am Traverse pe Charlevoix and Petoskey. Ly. G’d Rapids. ..2:15am 8:05am 2:10pm Parlor and Sleeping Cars on afternoon and night trains to and from Chicago. *Every day. Others week days only. DETROI Grand Rapids & Western. June 19, 1898. Detroit. Ly. Grand Rapids...... 7:00am 1:35pm 5:35pm Ar. Detroit... .......- 11:40am 5:45pm 19:05pm iy. Detroit........ ..... 8:00am 1:10pm 6:10pm Ar. Grand Rapids..... 12:55pm 5:20pm 10:55pm Saginaw, Almaand Greenville. Lv. G@ R7:00am 4:20pm Ar. G R12:20pm 9:30pr Parlor cars on all trains to and from Detroit and Saginaw. Trains run week days only. Gro. DEHAVEN. General Pass. Agent. GRAN (In effect May 15, 1898 ) Trunk Railway System Detroit and Milwaukee Div Leave. EAST Arrive. +6 ——— Sag., Detroit, Buffalo & N Y .+ 9: 55pm +10:10am... ... Detroit and East.... ..+ 5: 27pm t eee. Sag., Det., N. Y. & Boston. - 12:45pm * 8:00pm.. -Detrolt. Fast and Canada...* 6:35am 410:45am...... Mixed to Durand........ + 3:15pm WEST * §:35am....Gd. Haven and Int. Pts....* 7:05pm ig 53pm. Gd. Haven and Intermediate.+ 3: 12pm 5:32pm. .Gd. Haven and Intermediate. t10:0am : 7:40pm...Gd. Haven and Chicago..... 8:15am +10:00pm......Gd. Haven and Mil....... 6:40am Eastward—No. 16 has Wagner sie car. No. 22 parlor car. Westward—No. 11 parlor car. No. 17 Wagner parlor car. @*Daily. —— Sunday. Hueues, A.G. P. & T. A. = FLETCHER, Trav. Pass. Agt., A. JUSTIN, City Pass. Agent. 97 Monroe St. GRAND Rapids & Indiana Railway Northern Div. Leave Arrive Trav. C’y, Petoskey & Mack...* 7:45am t 5: {apm Trav. C’y, Petoskey & Mack...+ 2:15pm t+ 6:35am Trav. C’y, Petoskey & Mack.. 10:50pm A ee cas cs ete nwes “+5 :25pm 11:15am Train leaving at 7:45 a. m. has parlor car, and train leaving at 2:15 p. m. has sleeping car to Morton House. Mackinaw. Southern Div. Leave Arrive @imetnnati os. + 7:10am + 8:25pm Mt Wayne. ...... 5s + 2:10pm + 2:00pm Cincinnati.. -* 7:00pm * 7:25am 72108, m. train has parlor ear to Cincinnati. 2:10 p.m. train has parlor car to Fort Wayne. 7:00 p. m. train has sleeping car to Cincinnati. Chicago Trains. TO CHICAGO. Ly. Grand Rapids...t7 10am +2 10pm Ar. Chicago......... 20pm 9 10pm FROM CHICAGO. by. Chicago... ........-......- +3 02pm *11 45pm Ar. Grand Rapids.............. 930pm 7 2am Train ieaving Grand Rapids 7.10 a. m. has buffet parlor car to Chicago. Train leaving Grand Rapids 11 35 p. m. has coach and Pullman sleeping car to Chicago. Train leaving Chicago 3.02 p. m. has buffet — car to Grand Rapids. Train leaving hicago 11.45 p. m. has coach and Pullman sleeping car to Grand Rapids. *11 35pm 6 30am Muskegon Trains. GOING WEST. - G’d Rapids......... 7: :35am +1:00pm 5:40pm Ar Muskegon........... = — 2: Jon 7:05pm eomte Lv ———. pee ae +8: 10am +11:45am +4: Ar@’d Rapids... ..... 30am 12:55pm 5:20pm Sunday ee leave Grand Rapids 9.00 a. m. a m. Leave Muskegon 8.35 a. m. and i t Sunday. *Daily. Beep nna only. . aj c. L. LOCKWOOD, Gen’! Passr. and Ticket ‘Agent. BLAK Ticket Agent Union Station. South Shore and Atlantic Railway. DULUT WEST BOUND. Lv. Grand Rapids (G. R. & a, — +7:45am Ly. oo Cite. eo. 35am 4:20pm Ar. St. Ignace.....ccceeseseoe. aon 5:20pm Ar. Sault 3 Ste. te, tiarie.. ... 12:20pm 9:50pm Ar. nor angi seceeeee- 2:50pm 10:40pm Ar. Nestoria. . 5:20pm 12:45am Ar. Duluth..... Selaacevescies (. coco: 8:30am BAST BOUND. Toy. DOIOGR.. soc cccces! =:=: = a. — = BD L0 LE MO Le Ls a «i» \ se / a Executive Committee 2 E. W. JONES, Chairman. HON. GEO. R. PERRY. C. W. BLACK. W. H. BOYNS. A. O. CROZIER. G. S. JOHNSON. A. May. Cot. M. A. ALDRICH, Director General. Si “2 ce Srey October 25, 26, 27, a Cot. M. A. ALDRICH. C. W. CHAUNCEY. J. BOYD PANTLIND. LEO A. CARO. W. S. WINEGAR. THE FOLLOWING IS THE PROGRAM SO FAR AS NOW COMPLETED wt # TUESDAY AGRICULTURAL AND CYCLE DAY. Sunrise—National Salute by Fox Battery. Forenoon—Reception and escort of visitors at depots. 10:30 A. M.— Meeting of all Committees in Headquarters. 11:30 A. M.—Delivery of City Keys. 12 M.—Informal Parade of Employes of Busi- ness Houses in Costume. Salute by Fox Battery, Blowing of Whistles, Display of National Colors, etc. 1:30 P. M.—Free Street Shows. 3 P. M.—Agricultural Parade. Sunset—Salute by Fox Battery. 7 P. M.—Parade of National, State, County and City Officials. 8 P. M.—Wheelmen’s Parade. All day—Midway Shows. WEDNESDAY MUSICIANS’, CHILDREN’S AND © INDUSTRIAL DAY. Sunrise—Salute by Fox Battery. Forenoon—Reception and escort of visitors at depots. 10 A. M.—Free Street Shows. 12 M.—Band Concerts. Salute by Fox Battery. 1:30 P. M.—Free Street Shows. 2 P. M.—Children’s Parade. 3 P. M.—Band Parade and Prize Contest. Sunset—Salute by Fox Battery. 8 P. M.—Grand Industrial Parade. All day—Midway Shows. THURSDAY PATRIOTS’ DAY Program for this day in course of preparation, intended to give expression of popular senti- ment over results of War with Spain. Floral Parade. FRIDAY TRAVELING MEN’S AND CARNIVAL DAY. Sunrise— Salute by Fox Battery. Forenoon—Reception and escort of visitors at depots. 1o A. M.—Free Street Shows. 12 M.—Band Concerts. Salute by Fox Battery. 1:30 P. M.—Free Street Shows. 2:30 P. M.—Cake Walk. 3:30 P. M.—Traveling Men’s Parade. Sunset—Salute by Fox Battery. 8 P. M.—Carnival Parade. 10 P. M.—Carnival Ball. All day—Midway Shows. # & & MORE FUN THAN LAST YEAR & & & Excursions on all Railroads during Entire Week. oe tne eee = 1 ‘ é \