Eighteenth Anniversary Edition. Price 10 cents. ONT SERS y OAH QR SZ a AER v ere AOR ys ie Sa Seep AOE aww aa (oniC ron BENG ATE Z we ae >) nee SS a : 12) C3 am x i ) DD) 4 =p Ey = Va Ga = SC SEEN ar f & IS FS SS @ wpe Se uN i U A LO a CG s LB e ) a Ls aa) NCE a Hi VE aS 4, Y os (Ee RZ: Reena be See eee : <2 PUBLISHED WEEKLY Sie RES STRESS TED Ze CLICK a SR. = See 2 Volume XVIII. GRAND RAPIDS, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1900 ‘ie 886 Sea ag a dh aie is ai aati se ne Send for Our New Catalogue of Cut Glass Fancy Goods See what we offer before placing your mail orders : amps 5 f ie (ssn j , . 42-44 Lake Street, Dealers Only™% SI pw Chicago. wn (ee es CIGARS To meet the popular demand —we are now making=— a ——SSSSSSSSSEZA SMOKER’S SMOKE = "moe oe 8 and you should carry a full line of them. Phelps, Brace & Co., Detroit, Michigan Royal Tiger 10c inssizs Tigerettes 5c in4 sizes The Largest Cigar Dealers in the Middle West F. E. Bushman, Manager CIGARS Ams @ ee ee Gah WS As AAs As ahs ahs WA AS apenas 3 CHARLES H. WERNER & 3 B 3 & SONS CO fe z 9 e = WHOLESALE im 3 & SS 1% at Crockery, _ eg | . eS 3s See _“| Notions, i= Glassware, : Sey = Ss | Wooden- & 3 Bazaar ie 3 Goods | ce ip 3 , Tinware, in | Toys, am: le I i Stoneware, {Ss s Lamps, eS s ic om | Cutlery, ig { Holiday ‘ 3 ee Etc. i= gx Goods, ~~ je Ss WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUES. is 3 We have one of the best lines of Dolls, Toys, China, e s Glassware and Holiday Goods ever shown in Michigan. ie Ss See our line before you make your purchases, it will pay is 3 you. ‘s z 253, 255 Randolph St. and 1, 3, 5 Center St., ie 3 a MICH. S FALL TERM Begins September 3. Fourteen Departments Send for catalogue. W. N. Ferris, Principal and Proprietor. CLEP Eg PEEP RADAADSAAAR ITAA ASAP RAR OSL SRA Merchants Attention! If you want a BOOKKEEPER, STENOGRAPHER, Or first-class office assist- ant of any kind, address the Michigan Business and Normal College, Battle Creek, Mich. None but thoroughly competent help recommended. No charge for our part of the work, and our students give universal satisfaction. They are trained for business. OMIT EIELILEEIEIILLIL ELE ELEL LL SSSCSSSSS8S558555558@ W. F. f4 We want to correspond with every For the Dealers’ Profit and Cooks’ Delight dealer who does not know why he should not fail to carry Ecce Baxinc’ PowpEr HoMkE OFFICE: New York City. CLEVELAND: 186 Seneca St. CINCINNATI: 33 West Second St. DETROIT: 121 Jefferson Ave. INDIANAPOLIS: 318 Majestie Building. - | = Walsh-DeRoo Wheat Grits Nutritious, delicious, easily cooked. Un- AAV IID Don’t Waste Your Profits There are a great many ways to prevent this. The sure way is to secure a : STIMPSON COMPUTING GROCERS’ SCALE. They save all overweights and prevent loss from incorrect computation. Our scales are sold on easy monthly payments. Write for information. Lower in price than others. Makes dishes fit to set before a king. A trial is sure to surpassed in merit by any cereal food. 3 make you a regular customer. 3 Walsh-De Roo Milling Co., Holland, Mich. STIMPSON CO., Detroit 3 Yr ~ | ¢ ae 4 rags 4 a ehs C 9 ata | \¥ aps | 4 » q I Y goon , 4 Eb . r ‘References: State Bank of Michigan and Mich- £) io Sos ¢: SE mo) (> Cea) nae Y r~ ) ye Sa Vi (\iz2\ : (SSS AS \ ESIC Volume XVIII. GRAND RAPIDS, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1900. ASSOCIATE OFFICES IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES wa igan Tradesman, Grand Rapids. Collector and Commercial Lawyer and Preston National Bank, Detroit. 3°° ©OSO0000 000000000000 KOLB & SON, the oldest wholesale clothing manufacturers, Rochester, N. Y. The only house in America manufactur- ing all Wool Kersey Overcoats at $5.50 for fall and winter wear, and our fall and winter line generally is perfect. WM. CONNOR, 20 years with us, will be at Sweet’s Hotel Grand Rapids, Sept. 22 to 30. Customers’ expenses paid or write him Box 346, Marshall, Mich., to call on you and you will see one of the best lines manufactured, with fit, prices and quality guaranteed. os iu aan Perfection Time Book and Pay Roll Takes care of time in usual way, also divides up pay roll into the several amounts need- ed to pay each person. No running around after change. Send for Sample Sheet. Barlow Bros. Grand Rapids, Mich. ee THE MERCANTILE AGENCY Established 1841. R. G. DUN & CO. Widdicomb Bld’g, Grand Rapids, Mich. Books arranged with trade classification of names. Collections made everywhere. Write for particulars. L. P. WITZLEBEN, Manager. The sensation of the coffee trade is A. 1. C. High Grade Coffees They succeed because the quality is right, and the plan of selling up to date. If there is not an agency in your town, write the A. 1. C. COFFEE CO., 21-23 River St., Chicago. OOO00O00 09900 00000004 s THE 3 . FIRE r INS. 3 co. ¢ y Prompt, Cunservative, Safe. 3 $ J.W.CHAMPLIN, Pres. W. Fraep McBarn, as : 000000000000 00000000 Knights of the Loyal Guard A Reserve Fund Order A fraternal beneficiary society founded upon a permanent plan. Permanency not cheapness its motto. Reliable dep- uties wanted. Address EDWIN 0. WOOD, Flint, Mich. Supreme Commander in Chief. FOLLOWING ORDERS. The printer's maxim, ‘‘Follow your copy if it goes out of the window,”’ is n0 more to the purpose than the manu- facturer’s, ‘‘Fill your order,’’ with strong emphasis on the last word. The men behind the copy and the order know or ought to know what thev want and anything different from exactly that is presumption. The temptation to do this is often great, but he that resists it ‘‘bringeth peace to his soul’’ The copy may be full of glaring blunders; it may convey anything but the in- tended idea; but woe to the printer who ‘*garbles’’ hiscopy. The manufacturer receives an order. His knowledge of the goods and of the section from which the order comes tells him the order is a blunder; but a painful experience has taught him his duty and to the letter the order is filled. The agent of a London clock manu- facturing house reported home thata German company was doing a large trade in cheap clocks sent to South Africa. He secured a sainple and the wiseacres of the firm soon figured out the fact that a better article could be made and sold at a lower price than that of the German house in the same market. The superintendent of the works read the order and shook his head. He knew something of the goods and the market for which they were in- tended; but he had learned—bitterly learned—to ‘‘fill your order’’ and he filled it. The clocks were made and for- warded with a wonder how the German house would express its indignation. The venture was a failure. The inferior clock of the German company kept right on making sales and enormous profits, while the superior English manufacture was looked at, examined and left. The explanation was easy and _ philo- sophical: The superior article was ahead of the customer and the period in which he lived. There was too much refinement about it for the existing civ- ilization into which it had come. It didn’t tick! It marked accurately the [passing minute and hour, but it did not, like the exultant hen, sufficiently proclaim them. Then it was that noise became an end to be worked for in the British clock manufactory; and, when the next shipload of timekeepers struk the South African market they sold. Not a second passed without a distinct dec- laration of the fact. Each individual timepiece ticked like a New England town clock and, made for that purpose, its hands soon marked the death hour of the German enormity, which it literally ticked out of commercial existence. The wise old superintendent nodded his wise old head when the changed order was put into his hands and he is more than ever strengthened in his belief that ex- perience is the best schoolmaster and that an order literally filled soonest se- cures his services. The lesson is not confined to clocks. Its application is as wide as the world of orders which it illustrates. It in- sists that the man writing the order knows what he wants and that the manu- facturer is only a willing agent in his hands, responsible for the accuracy with which the order is filled. When the time comes—and it always does come—for the ordergiver to make available every means of information he can secure, there will be fewer instances for the story of the clock to illustrate, but fact and illustration, whenever and wherever applied, will only confirm the maxims that the printer must follow his copy and the manufacturer must fill his order. COMMERCE OF THE LAKES. Realizing the importance of securing accurate data as to the commerce of the Great Lakes, and the public interest at- taching thereto, the Bureau of Statistics of the Treasury Department made ar- rangements in 1899 to secure accurate data of the commerce of the lakes. A system was devised showing the receipts and shipments of every port on the lakes, covering all the principal articles of commerce, and this system has been in practical operation this season, and is proving satisfactory to all concerned. The statistics just compiled, and which form a part of the July summary of commerce and finance, show that, during the month of July, 5,385 vessels arrived at the thirty-seven principal ports on the Great Lakes, and from the opening of navigation up to Aug. 1 the total number of arrivals was 15,941. The proportion of the water transporta- tion interests of some of the cities on the Great Lakes is also strikingly illus- trated. For instance, there entered the port of Chicago during the month of July 1,108 vessels, or an average of thirty-six vessels per day. irom the opening of navigation in April to Au- gust I, the vessel arrivals at Chicago ag- gregated 3,518. In the July record, Cleveland ranked next to Chicago, there having been 533 arrivals during the in- terim; but for the season to date, both Milwaukee and Buffalo outclass Cleve- land, the total arrivals at Milwaukee being 1,599, and at Buffalo 1,355, as compared with 1,336 arrival. at Cleve- land. The port of Detroit was entered by 275 vessels during July, and there were 944 arrivals at Duluth, Minn., and 439 at West Superior, Wis., her sister city at the head of the lakes. The iron ore traffic is a branch of lake commerce in which the greatest interest is felt this year by-all persons connected with the iron and steel industry. Thus far this season the total receipts of iron ore foot up 7,890,069 tons, 1,869,721 tons being received at Ashtabula, 1,422,327 tons at Cleveland, and 1,154,465 tons at South Chicago during the season; while the principal ports of shipment were Two Harbors, with 1,770,846 tons, and Duluth, with 1,690,935 tons. These figures give a fairly accurate idea of the enormous traffic carried up- on the Great Lakes, the aggregate value of which is probably greater than that of our entire foreign trade. It is to be hoped that the Treasury Department will continue to perfect its system of statistics covering lake commerce, as in no other branch of industry are American enterprise and pluck more clearly shown than in this enormous traffic in the heart THE EIGHTEENTH YEAR. In celebration of the beginning of the eighteenth year of successful publica- tion, the Michigan Tradesman takes pleasure in presenting to its readers this week a 100 page paper—the largest weekly trade journal ever issued in Michigan—replete with special articles prepared by men of the greatest prom- inence and widest experience in the lines of business concerning which they write. The Tradesman is proud of the knowledge that a similar compilation of original articles—as to scope, accuracy and particularity—has never before been made. To have made this one, as now presented, would have been impossible save for the assistance rendered by the eminent gentlemen who have so gener- ously contributed to the success of this edition and to whom the Tradesman gives earnest thanks—thanks which will be repeated by every reader. The anniversary edition of the Tradesman is not for hasty perusal. It is made to he studied and will repay the student. There is more in it than figures. There is in it much of the best thought and deepest research this coun- try can offer. It will do good, as such clear and forcible statements of fact must always do good. It is usually customary at such times to indulge in self-congratulation- and more or less invidious comparisons, but the Tradesman is disposed to permit the occasion to pass without making any extended remarks along these lines, because it realizes that its readers are always ready to accord it its proper sta- tion in the field of trade journalism and that to maintain its position and ensure its constant growth it is only es- sentiai that it continue to pursue its policy of constant endeavor to accom- plish the utmost along every 1+ gitimate line; to avoid, by every possible means, the admission to its columns of that which may lead to error, and to employ none but correct business methods in exploiting its subscription and advertis- ing departments. Another year of successful publication places the Tradesman under added ob- ligations to its subscribers, advertisers and employes for the loyal support they have given and the hearty manner in which they indicate their intention of continuing their part of the work of keeping up the ratio of advance so long maintained. On account of the large number of special articles published this week, several regular departments are neces- sarily omitted. The Tradesman regrets this deviation from its regular custom and assures its readers that the usual equilibrium will be restored next week. Eee eee Eel eee There is no place on earth where hoodlums are wanted; but there are strongly guarded places where they ought to be. Compulsory education is awkward in a place where there are not schoolhouses enough to accommodate the people. No man with whiskers has any right of the country. Tradesman Coupons to put butter on his green corn. ak ab! enero stench ay Ah Aiie aie, i “ MICHIGAN TRADESMAN THE CIGAR TRADE. How It Has Grown From Nothing to Large Dimensions. It has been said that what seems to be the worse curst frequently turns out to be the greatest blessing in disguise, and such is the case with the cigar in- dustry of the United States. Half a generation ago the manufacture _ of cigars in this country amounted next to nothing ; it could scarcely be called an industry. There were at that time no large manufacturers and nothing to encourage one to go into the manufac- turing of cigars. The entire product of that period did not equal the output of one of the mammoth manufacturing in- stitutions of this day, nor did the value of the tobacco used in cigars equal that of two or three of the cargoes that are frequently unioaded in our ports. There are to-day in the United States a trifle over 30,000 cigar manufacturers who have paid during the past fiscal year almost $17,000,000 fur taxes into the Treasury, and this enormous indus- try and wonderful showing could have only been made by adopting the same tactics that were employed by our Gov- ernment during the Civil War. Prior to the breaking out of the war, the bulk of the cigars consumed in this country came from Germany and they were sold at from $3 to $5 per thousand ordinarily, about the same price we are now paying to the Government for taxes for each thousand —$3.60. These cigars were mostly made in Pfalzer and the price received included the cost of the tobacco, the money paid to the laborer, the boxes and the freight, and, if we stop to consider the price paid, it will not take us long to consider the quality. It is a fact that many of these cigars reached this country in a moldy condi- tion and were even sold in such condi- tion. There are probably a great many of us who can remember the time when a box containing 100 so called cigars was sold for 40 cents. The most fastidious class fared, how- ever, much better. The cigars with which they were supplied came from Cuba. The price the dealer paid fora fine article was from $16 to $20 per thousand, such cigars retailing for 5c or six for a quarter. The writer of this article was recent- ly conversing with one of Chicago’s old- est retail dealers, who told him the very highest price he obtained for a box of cigars before the war was $9 and there was but one man in the city of Chicago who would pay that price. When the Civil War broke out this Government, of necessity, levied a tax on cigars and tobacco, which at once gave this indus- try such an impetus that, instead of go- ing ahead by steps, it jumped by leaps and bounds. The common cigar made in Germany with an additional tax could no longer compete with an Ameri- can made article. All over the East and in many large Western States this industry commenced to thrive, and with its growth new to- bacco fields began to open up_through- out New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Wisconsin, and with the increased pro- duction of cigar leaf tobacco the quality ever kept pace. Connecticut was the first State to pay any attention to the growing of tobacco prior to the war, its best crops at that time being sold for about one-quarter of what they now real- ize. It is a well substantiated fact that the American mechanic is the best, the American manufacturer the most ingen- ious, the American phenomenal, the American farmer the most resourceful, and with a combina- tion of their energies our institutions grew larger and larger, and instead of Germany furnishing us with her cigars, we to-day send her our tobacco, and as the people of our country grew and with them its wealth, so did the people de- mand a better article, which our manu- facturers furnished them with. When the problem of competing with German-made cigars was disposed of for once and forever,the ingenious man- ufacturer in this country began to turn his attention toa higher grade article which came to us from Cuba, whose factories had enjoyed a world-wide rep- utation for years, and while it took time and much studied effort, we eventually saw the day when it can be truthfully said that we are manufacturing in this country a cigar equal to the very finest imported article. - With a more Lawocale tariff on tobac- | weather the Aesn inventor the most | the tobacco that is raised in this coun- try, a portion being unsuitable for our purposes and our cheaper grades_ being frequently exported, and_ instead of Germany supplying us with cigars we are shipping large quantities of tobacco to that country. The great selling cigars of this coun- try are the $c and Ioc cigars, and very often the wrapper on the Sc cigar is of Sumatra,and in order to make the finest cigars we have to use considerable Havana. We are, therefore, obliged to look to the islands of Cuba and Sumatra for a large portion of our supplies. As I said before in this article, our showing could not have been accom- plished without the ample aid of the tobacco growers, and 1 consider they made fully as much progress, if not more than the manufacturer, for the growers of tobacco in the tropical coun- tries of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico and Borneo know nothing of the frost and manufacturer in co, greater results possibly could be! our temperate latitude must experience, shown. I look forward to a time when we will be the world’s largest suppliers of cigars, as we are now of cigarettes. Nor could this magnificent showing have been made or been accomplished by the manufacturer unless amply aided by the tobacco growers who, have kept progress with us. Florida, which was one of the early states to raise tobacco, and for a great many years the industry in that State remained dormant, has now commenced’ again to cultivate it. Georgia raises tobacco. Tobacco raised in Texas is largely experimental. To- bacco is raised likewise in California on a small scale, also in lowa and Illinois, and the wild prairie lands of half a gen- eration ago are to-day producing a su- perior article to that used by the manu- facturers of that period. ‘ It is possibly unfortunate that Ameri- can manufacturers can not consume all and notwithstanding the things our tiller of the soil had to contend with and that the growing of tobacco is still in its infant state, our tillers of the soil are learning how to protect their plants from the unfriendly frost and cold climate. With all these obstacles to con- tend with, our country is to-day produc- ing the world’s best binder tobacco,and there are many judges of tobacco who consider some of the Connecticut tobac- co equal in every respect and every sense of the word to the finest wrapper tobacco produced in Cuba, and fre- quently the cigars made from our Amer- ican fillers excel in quality much of that tobacco which has been sent us from the island so near our shore. It seems too bad that our friendly sister state, Puerto Rico, can not send us a grade of tobacco that meets with more favor in our better establishments and notwithstanding its very low rate of duty, it is not a factor in any of the establishments that I know of, and I only hope that the time will come that it will produce an article equal to that we are receiving from Cuba, which al- though in the same latitude seems to produce a much superior article, which is undoubtedly due to peculiar climatic conditions and the long number of years the island has been cultivated for this purpose. Attempts have been made in former years toimport a little tobacco from the Philippines, but this tobacco, judging by some of the cigars, will not meet with public favor and please the Amer- ican smoker, who is the most fastidious in the world. I am fully satisfied that the American judge obtains to-day more for a nickel or a dime, obtains a better, a purer grade for the money, than can be made in any other country, and more especially so when the workmanship are considered and the price paid for the work and the conditions under which the cigar is made. It does not require much study to show that the cigar manufacturing in- dustry of this country has kept pace with its ever-growing population and has progressed equally as much as our Nation’s largest and most important in- dustrial institutions, which are the mar- vel of the entire world to-day. I am sure if fifty years ago a salesman would have said, *‘I sold 1,000,000 cigars to- day,’’ he would have been considered a subject fit for an insane alylum, but as such contracts are frequent ocurrences to-day in our progressive country, | trust that some of us who read this ar- ticle will live to see a time when in the columns of some familiar newspaper one reads that some enterprising cigar salesman has sold 1,000,000, 000 cigars. G. J. Johnson. >.> The United States has ‘taken Cuba, but we have taken Havana to make the Exemplar Sc cigar. For No. | Fresh Eggs Will pay Chicago, new cases included, %c 15 cents delivered less cases returned, no commis- sion nor cartage. Dittmann & Schwingbeck, 204 W. Randolph St., They Are Surely Winners For sale by Olney & Judson Grocer Co., Ball- Barnhart-Putman Co., Worden Grocer Co., Musselman Grocer Co., Lemon & Wheeler Co., Clark-Jewell-Wells Co., Daniel Lynch, Jennings Extract Co., M., B. & W. Paper Co, CHICAGO. N “ fi. ‘ ve ~ * « 2 riety 4 a c 4 7, @ ep ¢ 7 a VENICE SUGAR AND CREAM per pr#3°° PITKIN & BROOKS MANUFACTURERS OF STATE &LAKE STS. ee Be re CHICAGO. TERMS 2% CASH 10 DAYS 60 pays NET. PRICES HERE QUOTED NET. ROCKFORD BOWL 8in.° Each $3-5° RICH CUT GLASS GLADYS ~ VENICE = nat COLOGNE Goz. e4@2-75 CARAFE EAcH®2,50 DEORTA 100z. Ea. 40° CELERY TRAY 12 IN%3-65 Ea. - A FEW BARGAINS FROM OUR NEW CATALOGUE JUST OUT. —@x Write forit —S— FLORENCE | | Se GLORIA es a 7 NAPPY Sin. eace *625 oN APES ca NAPPY 81n. EAcH#g Fula OF = BARGAINS IN LOW PRICED 4no HIGH PRICED GOODS. THE MOST COMPLETE LINE IN PATTERNS AND PRICES IN THE MARKET... =. i lit Cinder Sind ii aR Lie oe pment teen espera en os coieetae - sees © oS MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Around the State Movements of Merchants. Detroit—John H. Gamble, grocer and meat dealer, has removed to Brighton. Durand—M. Cleveland Terry has sold his clothing stock to Freeman & Parris. Lawton—D. C. Van Riper has pur- chased the drug stock of I. E. Hamil- ton. Big Rapids—Tenny & Zeller have purchased the grocery stock of Smith & Doe. Shepherd—Horton E. Pratt, baker and confectioner, has sold out to F. E. Hafer. Flint—Watson C. Pierce, grocer and meat dealer, has soijd out to J. J. Alex- ander. Durand—Fred Nesbit has purchased the drug and jewelry stock of Allan H. Taggart. Kalamazoo—Jacob Donker continues the meat business of Donker & Co. in his own name. Bay City—Jos. Grace will continue the grocery business of R. Grace & Son in his own name. Armada—S. B. Anderson has_ pur- chased the hardware and paint stock of Edward A. Hulett. Lawton—J. E. Kinney & Son succeed J. E. Holliday in the bakery and con- fectionery business. Burr Oak—Van Husan Bros. suc- ceed Wm. Walker in the grocery, con- fectionery and fruit business. Three Rivers—J. M. Paul has en- gaged in the clothing and furnishing goods business at this place. Rogers—Frank C. Platz, general deal- er, has formed a new company under the style of F. F. Platz & Co. Caro—E. A. Gardner has purchased a half interest in the coal, lime and cement business of VanTine & Co. Elsie—Miss Gertrude Searles, of Ovid, has purchased a half interest in the millinery stock of Finch & Chase. Freeland—Delos H. Howd, who was engaged in the mercantile, furniture and elevator business at this place, is dead. Alma—J. F. Ray has leased the store building vacated by Isaac Woodfin and will engage in the feed and provision business. Eaton Rapids—Phy C. Bailey has sold his meat market to Mason, who will continue the business at the same location. Union City—The grocery store of C. J. Brunskill has been closed by ered- itors. Will Hubbard has been placed in charge. Hancock—Arthur T. Ellsworth, man- ager of the City drug store, will shortly engage in the drug business in the Kauth block. Battle Creek—-Bliss & Co., grocers at 6 Upton avenue, have dissolved partner- ship. The business will he continued by L. D. Hobbs. Casnovia—Leon J. Sunderlin, of the mercantile firm of F. A. Sunderlin & Bro., has gone to Colorado Springs for the benefit of his health. North Branch—Ellen (Mrs. Isaac A) Blackburn, engaged in the furniture and undertaking business at this place, has sold out to A. B. Weston. Flint—Otto Sachse, who has of late been in the employ of E. Trump, has boug t a half interest in the boot and shoe stock of Foote & Wolverton. Detroit—W. H. Bell, formerly engaged in the department store business at Owosso, has opened a furniture and house furnishing goods store at 264 Michigan avenue. Owosso—F. W. Pearce, manager of the Owosso Hardware Co., has sold _ his hardware stock at Oakley to Wm. Eagan, of this city, who has taken possession of same. Manistee—James Hansen, formerly of the firm of Jacobson & Hansen, has pur- chased the grocery stock of T. E. Andresen, at 257 Fifth avenue, and will add a more complete stock. Eaton Rapids—J. E. Crane has sold his interest in the agricultural imple- ment firm of Crane & Stuart to his part- ner, Myron Stuart, who will continue the business at the old stand. Posen—The new store building of Frank C. Platz and Joseph Smith is now about completed and the owners will remove their stock of general mer- chandise therein in a week or two. Mattawan—Lyman C. Fitch, who has been identified with the business inter- ests of this place for the past forty years and for some time past has been in the employ of W. C. Mosier, died Aug. to, aged 63. Nashville—-S. J. ‘Truman has gone to Kansas City to take the position of auditor of the Leidigh & Havens Lum- ber Co. His clothing business here will be continued under the management of G. A. Truman and S. E. Cook. Jackson—The firm of WHanton & Toole, grocers at 1197 East Main street, has placed its affairs in the hands of a receiver. The difficulty came through a disagreement of partners, and T. J. Birney was appointed receiver until matters are adjusted. Benton Harbor—The Geo. B. Warren dry goods, cloak and millinery stock has been sold by Trustee O. B. Hipp to C. A. Wilcox, of Charlotte, the consid- eration being $3,600. Geo. B. Warren will act as local manager of the busi- ness. Eaton Rapids—Kositchek Bros., dry goods dealers at this place, have re- moved their stock to their new store building at Lansing. W. B. Garrison has leased the Kositchek store building and will take possession with his bazaar stock October 1. Caro—W. H. Merner has leased a portion of the Chapin block and will remove the Central market as soon as the store can be refitted. W.C. Luce has leased the building occupied by Mr. Merner and will open a drug store therein on Oct. 1. Hillsdale—Boyle & Brown have shipped their dry goods stock to Elk- hart, Ind., where they will engage in business. The store building vacated by them is being refitted by Ford Nor- ris, of Camden, who will shortly Open a dry goods store therein. Homer—A Homer firm placed cir- culars on the mail boxes along the rural mail delivery route out of Tekonsha, and the matter was reported to the mail authorities. The offending firm got off easy by paying postage on all the circu- lars thus distributed, but were warned that such a thing happening again would make them liable to a heavy fine and perhaps imprisonment. Lansing—George M. Dayton, of this city, a former prosperous business man, who has been in constant litigation with Jacob Stahl, a prominent hardware dealer for several years, renewed the fight to-day by instituting a suit for ‘$15,000 damages for personal injuries. Dayton claimed that on the occasion of a visit to the store of Stahl on a matter of business the latter assaulted him and inflicted severe bodily injuries, from which he will never recover, Manufacturing Matters. Laingsburg——Whitney & Chaplain have engaged in the manufacture of Cigars. Kerby—The Elgin Butter Co., of E|- gin, Ill., has begun the erection of a building which will be used as a butter factory. Homer—F. E. Strong & Brother have purchased the rights of the Electric Oil Stove Co. in the farmer’s corrugated feed cooker, and will engage in its manufacture. Menominee——James F. Pelnar has en- gaged “in the manufacturing business and is now putting up catsups, spices, mustards and other bottled and canned goods, occupying one of the Crozer stores. Hillsdale—The Michigan Rubber Co. has been organized with a capital stock of $12,500 to undertake the manufacture of rubber sundries. The members of the corporation are J. D. Chapnell, J. S. Parker, J. B. Chadwick, D. W. Gunn, of Hillsdale, and E. W. Covell and J. S. Parker, of Elmira, N. Y. Battle Creek—-Plans are nearly com- pleted for the erection of a new build- ing at the corner of Aldrich and Lin- coln streets by the Sanitas Nut Food Co. Saginaw—The Lufkin Rule Co. has begun the erection of a third story over the east wing of its factory building, 35x90 feet in dimensions, and a dynamo, etching and woodworking annex, two stories high, 40x42 feet, in the rear of the present building. Benton Harbor—E. Upton and F. Lampher have leased a store building and are equipping same with a line of machinery for all kinds of machine work. Mr. Upton was formerly con- nected with the Upton Threshing Ma- chine Works, of Battle Creek, also with the Nichols & Shepard Co., and later foreman of the Truscott Boat Works, of St. Joseph. The new plant will be known as the Benton Harbor Machine Works. Saginaw—The Saginaw Lumber & Salt Co. has 110 acres of sugar beets growing on its farm below Crow Island and the yield will be large. Last year this company had sixty acres, which averaged seventeen tons to the acre and on some portions of the field the yield was twenty-four tons to the acre. If the crop this year is the success whieh present indications warrant, the cor- pany proposes next year to plant 400 acres. The crop this year has been con- tracted equally between the Alma and Bay City sugar factories. The Saginaw Lumber & Salt Co.’s farm also contains a large acreage of cabbage and the yield is estimated at 1,000 tons. The com- pany has commenced delivering cab- bage on contract to the Heinz pickle factory. The season has been very fa- vorable for cabbage and the crop in the vicinity of Saginaw will amount to thousands of tons. Another Irishism. Judge—So the prisoner hit you on the head with a hrick, did he? McGinty—Yes, yer Honor. Judge—But it seems he didn’t quite kill you, anyway? McGinty—No, bad ‘cess to him; but it’s wishin’ he had Oi do be. Judge—Why do you wish that? McGinty—Begorry, thin Oi would have seen the scoundrel hanged for murder! ——_~»>2.__ Won’t Notice the Change. Dobbs—Old Bargains is dead. Bobbs-—Oh, yes; he is the man who used to have so many fire sales. Dobbs—That’s so. Well, maybe he’ll not notice the change. Contributors to the Anniversary Edition. In addition to the regular editorial staff of the Tradesman, thirty-eight special articles on subjects of interest to the Tradesman’s readers appear in this week's anniversary issue, prepared by gentlemen who are everywhere rec- ognized as experts in their respective lines, as follows: G. J. Johnson, President G. J. John- son Cigar Co., Grand Rapids. James L. Lee, Strong, Lee & Co., Detroit. Wm. C. Phipps, President Phipps, Penoyer & Co., Saginaw. James L. Hamilton, Secretary Alabas- tine Co., Grand Rapids. H. J. Hollister, Cashier Old National Bank, Grand Rapids. W. C. Edgar, Editor Northwestern Miller, Minneapolis, Minn. &. G. Studley, President Grand Rap- ids Felt Boot Co., Grand Rapids. Capt. Chester Harding, U. S. En- gineer, Grand Rapids. a Hamilton, Ex-Mayor Traverse ity. Edward Taggart, Taggart & Denison, Grand Rapids. D. C. Delamater, Freeman, Delama- ter & Co., Detroit. M. R. Carrier, Northrop, Robertson & Carrier, Lansing. H. N. Randall, Tekonsha. Otto Carmichael, Washington, D. C. A. S. Ainsworth, S. P. Bennett Fuel & Ice Co., Grand Rapids. H. D. C. VanAsmus, Secretary Board of Trade, Grand Rapids. Wilder D. Stevens, Foster, Stevens & Co., Grand Rapids. Chas. W. Garfield, President Grand Rapids Savings Bank, Grand Rapids. Geo. W. McGlaughlin, Fleischmann & Co., Cincinnati. W. N. Ferris, Principal Ferris Insti- tute, Big Rapids. W. C. Winchester, Treasurer Foster- Winchester Lumber Co., Grand Rapids. J. W. Milliken, Ex-Senator, Traverse City. L. P. Cody, President Grand Rapids Electric Co., Grand Rapids. Frank N. Barrett, Editor American Grocer, New York. Wm. H. White, Co., Boyne City. Chas. M. Heald, President Pere Mar- qguette Railway, Detroit. E. J. Schreiber, President Michigan Knighis of the Grip, Bay City. Paul Doty, Manager Grand Rapids Gas Light Co., Grand Rapids. O. P. DeWitt, St. Johns. A. M. Nichols, agent Barry Steam- boat Line, Muskegon. Geo. Clapperton, Wylie & Clapper- ton, Grand Rapids. Albert Baxter, Muskegon. E. B. Hibbard,Grand Rapids. C. J. DeRoo, Secretary Walsh-DeR%o Milling Co., Holland. W. D. Ballou, President Ballou Bas- ket Co., Belding. H. B, Fairchild, Manager Hazeltine & Perkins Drug Co., Grand Rapids. Wm. Reid, Detroit. : S. J. Hufford, Grand Rapids. —_—_20>__ Twelve Out of Twenty-Seven. Saginaw, Sept. 5—At the recent ex- amination session of the Michigan Board of Pharmacy, held at Sault Ste. Marie, Aug. 28 and 20, there were twenty-seven applicants present for ex- amination—twenty-two for registered pharmacist certificates and five for as- sistant papers. Eight applicants re- ceived registered pharmacist papers and four assistant papers, as follows: Registered Parmacists—— Matthew Becker, Winneconne, Wis.; A. B. Flagg, Pentwater; H. E. Fox, Gay- lord; A. H. Miller, Sault Ste. Marie; M. J. Pardee, Clinton: J. J. ‘Ronan, Saginaw ; John Vaughan, Central Lake; Floyd Wren, Owosso. Assistant Pharmacists—F. C. Adam- ski, Manistee: James Brace, Newaygo; Lundgren, Menominee; Lee L. Martin, Wolverine. H. Heim, Sec’y. ——_2.02.—___ For Gillies’ N, -Y, tea, all kinds, grades and prices Visner both phones, Wm. H. White & aan SRR ao ay J — ‘I (3 § ou , a ta a a ee MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 5 Grand Rapids Gossip The Grocery Market. Sugars—The raw sugar market is very strong and prices have advanced \c, making 96 deg. test centrifugals now 5c, the highest point they have reached for some time past. The demand is very good, but supplies are limited and only a few sales are made. The refined mar- ket is firm and, in view of the advance in raws and the heavy demand for re- fined, a further advance is expected in a day or two. Canned Goods—The canned goods market is in good condition, almost everything in the line having an ad- vancing tendency in price. The tomato market is very firm, both in spots and futures, and new goods are attracting a little more attention. Advices from Baltimore state that not over 50 per cent. of the quantity of tomatoes usual- ly packed up to this date has yet been made. In view of this comparatively light pack and the very large increase in the consumption of this article dur- ing the past year, it is very probable that higher values will be realized sooner than was anticipated. The general out- look is very strong and some of the Bal- timore packers have withdrawn from the market. The packing of corn will begin in Maine in about two weeks, which is a little later than usual, as the season is somewhat backward. Up to within the last week or so it looked as if we should have a reasonably large pack of corn, but now everything points to a great shortage in the pack this season. The prolonged drought pre- vented the proper development of the crop and, in consequence, the yield, taken as a whole throughout the coun- try, can not be estimated at over half a crop. There is absolutely no spot stock. The marked feature of the market is the continued call for corn, and even if the pack was much larger than is now anticipated, all would be taken. Lima beans are very strong and Baitimore packers are now asking from 1o@15c per dozen more than they were a few weeks ago, and the prospects are for a still further advance. Baltimore peaches have been advanced 5@Ioc per dozen, with the market very firm at the ad- vance. The advance is due to the short supply of good raw material and its in- creased cost. At the former prices some of the packers write that they were los- ing money. New pack Red Alaska gains strength daily, the Alaska Pack- ers’ Association having sold out its en- tire pack several days ago, and some of those who failed to cover their full wants are anxiously looking about for supplies. The market is considerably strengthened by this fact and also by the heavy buying of spot stock for ex- port to England. An advance is ex- pected any day on the new pack, out- side packers, as well as the Association, having, it is believed, sold very nearly their total supplies. Spot stocks are so light as to have but little influence on the market and what little there is on spot is held at extreme prices. The sit- uation on salmon is a most remarkable one and future dealings will not bea question of prices, but of getting sal- mon at all. The estimated shortage on the Pacific coast is put at between 600, - 020 and 800,000 cases. Dried Fruits—The prices just named by the California Cured Fruit Associa- tion on the 1900 crop of prunes are gen- erally regarded by the grocery trade as far too high and considerable dissatis- faction is expressed with the existing condition of things. Some believe that the Association will be forced to drop prices in order to sell the crop, but others take the view that, with the mar- ket practically bare of prunes—entirely so of small sizes—the demand is bound to be large enough to make the Asso- ciation’s position a strong one. Asa result of the high prices named by the Association, prices on 40-50s spot prunes advanced %c, and are held very firmly at that quotation. As the pres- ent spot market after the '%c advance is still somewhat lower than the price of the new crop delivered here, the chances are good that the spot supply, which is light, will be cleaned up in short order, particularly as the new crop is very short of large sizes. The raisin situation is decidedly strong, both on spot and futures, and it is ex- pected that prices on the new crop will open up from 3@Ic higher than last year’s opening figures. The demand is very good for cheap spot raisins, stocks of which are light and rapidly being reduced. Apricots are firm and quite active. Prices are slightly higher than a week ago and a number of sales have been made at the advance. Peaches, however, are not so active and prices show a decline of 4%c. The general sit- uation on currants is very strong and prices have advanced Ic per pound. There seems every probability that the market, supported, as it is, by higher prices in Greece, will advance consid- erably further. There is an increasing enquiry for dates from all sides and an advance is probable soon. Rice—Trade in rice is improving somewhat, particularly in_ foreign grades, Japans being most in demand. Spot stocks of all grades of rice con- tinue small and holders remain firm. Crop and weather news in the main are satisfactory, and estimates from the Southwest point toa record breaker in Louisiana and Texas. Cables from abroad are not so favorable and state that the supply of moisture is deficient, the crops are withering and destruction is feared. Tea—Trade in tea is dull and _ prices have declined %c on several grades. Buying seems to be of a hand-to-mouth character and prospects point to general dulness for some time, as the trade is well supplied to meet the consuming demand. Molasses and Syrups—The volume of business done in New Orleans molasses was small, buyers showing little dispo- sition to buy, preferring to await cooler weather. Prices are firmly held. Spot stocks are light, and-as the country is carrying light supplies a general re- newal in demand is looked for soon. It is generally believed that with pres- ent favorable weather for cane crops there will be a large molasses crop. The corn syrup market is somewhat weaker and has dropped ic per gallon and 6c per case. Nuts—Nuts of all kinds are very firm and tend to higher prices. Prices on new California almonds have . been named during the past week and al- though considered rather high by some a number of sales have been made at the opening prices. The general condi- tion of the almond market, however, is strong and with light crops abroad it seems reasonably certain that the vis- ible supply of California almonds will be taken by the trade before very long. The spot market on almonds is very strong, several varieties of foreign nuts being higher and others tending strong- ly to advance. Terragonas are now very firm, late cables reporting the crop damaged by rains and quoting higher prices on new goods. Brazil nuts are extremely strong and very active. The prices: on Marbots and Grenobles are 1@2c higher this year than last, yet buyers are ordering liberally. Sicily fil- berts continue very strong and active. Reports from Texas indicate that the prospects for a pecan crop are the best in years. The trees are loaded with nuts and the yield will beat all previous records. The promising prospects for an unusually large crop are affecting prices of old stocks. The peanut mar- ket is strong and _ prices have ad- vanced 4c. —_——__—~> 2 > The broduce Market. Apples—Fancy stock commands $1.50 @1.75 per bbl. Cooking varieties fetch $1.25@1.50. Bananas—Have a weaker tendency, but there is no positive change in prices as yet. The demand has decreased and business is quite dull. The quality of many of the recent arrivals has been quite unsatisfactory, which has had some influence on the market. Beans—The new crop is beginning to come in and is taken on the basis of $1.25 per bu. for hand picked. The pickings range from 5 to 8 Ibs. to the bu. Beets—4oc per bu. Butter—The butter situation is much weaker than last week. Those who have stocks of butter on hand at con- tract prices are very loud in their talk that the situation is all right and resent any insinuations to the contrary. Deai- ers who are entirely free think the situ- ation locks dubious. Prices have eased off a little both in Chicago and in New York. Prospects are for an increased make. The choicest grades are scarcer than last week. They are mainly looked for by jobbers and retailers to go into consumption, and these do not get enough to supply their trade. The speculative trade is chiefly in the cheaper grades. There is a fair demand for factory creamery on the basis of 21 @22c. Packing stock is taken freely at 14c. Cold storage dairy is in demand at 18c. Cabbage—$1 per bbl. of about 3 doz. Carrots—$1.25 per bbl. Cauliflower—g1 per doz. heads. Celery—15c per bunch. Crab Apples—45@s5oc per bu. for early varieties, and 55@65c per bu. for late red. Cucumbers—soc per bu. for large. Pickling stock commands 15@2oc per 00. Egg Plant—$1 per doz. Grapes—Wordens toc, Niagaras loc and Delawares 12c—all for 4 lb. basket. Green Corn—7c per doz. Green Stuff—Lettuce, 60c per bu. for head and 4oc per bu. for leaf. Parsley, 20c per doz. Radishes, toc per doz. for long, 8c for round and I2c per doz. for China Rose. Honey—Fancy white has advanced to isc. Amber is also higher, command- ing 12c. The demand is not so strong as it was a week ago. Lemons—Thetre has been a gradual reduction in the lemon market; amount- ing to 5@toc per box; 300s are still in great demand, but are scarce, and 360s have to be taken instead. Owing to the approach of the fall season, the con- sumption is somewhat reduced and the outlook does not promise very great ac- tivity. Mint—3oc per doz. bunches. Musk Melons—soc per doz. for nut- meg and 60c per doz. for Osage and Cantaloupe. Oranges—California oranges are steady at previous range, but sales are small, being limited to consumptive require, ments. Buyers are not taking anything beyond their immediate wants. Jamaica oranges are fairly active, but the bulk of present holdings are small, green and generally unsatisfactory.” Prices are low, rarely above $5, aithough occas- ionally a small lot goes higher. Peaches—Late Crawfords command $1@1.25. Crosbys fetch 75@goc. Al- bertas meet with steady demand at $1.25. Golds fetch 75c@$1. Chilis are poor quality and slow sate at Soc. Pears—Bartletts command $1@1.25. Clapp’s Favorite and Sugar fetch 75C@$l. Peppers—Green, 50c per bu. Plums—Lombards fetch $1.25 per bu. Blue varieties and Green Gages com- mand $1.50@1.g0. Potatoes—30@35c per bu. Poultry—1I he consumptive demand is so heavy that receipts are inadequate to meet local requirements. Dealers pay as follows for live: Broilers weighing Y to 2 Ibs. command gc fer ib. Squabs are slow sale at $1.20 per doz. Pigeons, soc. Fowls, 7@8c. White ducks, 7c for spring. Turkeys, 9c for hens and 8c for gobblers. For dressed poultry : Chickens command tic. Fowls fetch toc. Spring ducks are taken at 8c. Tur- keys are in fair demand at IIc for hens and gc for gobblers. Summer Squash—‘Soc per bu. Tomatoes—45@s5o0c per bu. is large and the quality is fine. Turnips—4oc per bu. Watermelons——lo@12zc for home grown, according to size and quality. Wax Beans—Fancy stock fetches 55@ 65c per bu. Moseley Bros. have started a new town on the Pere Marquette Railway, eight miles north of Lowell and seven miles south of Belding. The firm owns t'e trackage there for 600 feet and_ will shortly begin the erection of a brick warehouse, 30x50 feet in dimensions. A depot building has been erected and all trains will stop at the new town of Moseley. The crop a ul The Thompson & Bonnell Lumber Co. has purchased of T. J. Christian, of Evansville, Ind.—who formerly did business under the style of the Hoosier Lumber Co.—his new band mill, in- cluding logs and standing timber in Southern Indiana and Northern Ken- tucky. The plant will be operated to its fullest capacity. >.> __ The rubber factory of the Grand Rap- ids Felt Boot Co. will be started next Monday morning and will run through the season on men’s boots and shoes. It is the expectation that another season a full line of goods will be manufactured, including ladies’, misses’ and children’s rubber shoes. ey Rindge, Kalmbach, Logie & Co. be- gan manufacturing shoes in 1866, in- stead of 1874, as stated in their adver- tisement on page 57 of this week's is- sue. ee ee Peter Vollpert, a pioneer hide buyer, died at his home at 527 Hamilton street Sunday. The funeral will be held from St. Mary’s church on Thursday. > o> —— C. F. Marsh & Co. have engaged in the grocery business at Mt. Pleasant. The Lemon & Wheeler Company fur- nished the stock. —_—___ oe John D. Butcher has purchased the Noble & Crowl grocery stock at 354 West Bridge street. Sg mee They do not take the cake, but it takes Havana to make the Exemplar 5c cigar. ———__~. 2. __ China knows now what is meant by the open door. ALUMINUM ~ TRADE CHECKS. $1.00 PER 100. =a Write for samples and styles to N. W. STAMP WORKS, ST. PAUL, MINN, Makers of Rubber and Metallic Stamps. Send for Catalogue and Mention this paper. ~ [ MICHIGAN TRADESMAN _Woman’s World Duty of Speech as Well as Duty of Silence. It has always seemed to me that one of the virtues that we laud out of all proportion to its deserts is silence. This is particularly true as it applies to women. Woman's tongue has ever been the theme with which the preacher and the moralist have pointed a moral and adorned a tale. Wits and would-be wits have satirized her love of talk and her proneness to gossip until one would think, if he believed her critics, that the most potent charm a woman could possess would be speechlessness. ‘‘ Your children all dumb?’’ enquires the vaga- bond, Rip Van Winkle, of the dwarf in the mountains, ‘‘and all boys? My, my what a pity! What wives they would make!’’ © Of course, we all admit that there are times when we talk too much; occasions when we are indiscreet and tell things we didn’t intend to tell and that we ought not to have mentioned, and when we say things far better left unsaid, but even so, it is doubtful if even then the preponderance of merit is so largely on the side of silence as we have been led to believe. There are times when the most reckless talker alive can not do so much harm or wound more cruelly than the man who merely holds his peace. “‘Speech is silver,’’ says the old prov- erb, ‘‘silence is gold,’’ but. silence is not always gold. Sometimes it is lead that crushes everything and everybody. As a matter of fact, perhaps, after all, silence is one of the virtues that we honor more in the breach than the ob- servance. Theoretically it is a quality that commands our highest admiration. We even go so far as to attribute wis- dom, on no other ground and without other evidence, to the person who can hold his tongue, but in every-day _prac- tical life silence is one of the things a little of which goes a long way. Who, for instance, yearns for the companion- ship of the habitually silent man or woman—the individual who sits up in every company as unresponsive as the death’s head at the feast, the one out of whom every remark must be cork-screwed with an effort that is ac- tual physical labor, the one who forces you to ask questions until you feel like the grand inquisitor, and who, after half an hour’s conversation, leaves you limp and exhausted and wondering if break- ing rock on the street isn’t a pleasant and light occupation compared to talk- ing to such a person? Don’t tell us that such a one is ‘‘deep,’’’ or ‘* profound, ’’ or ‘‘serious.’’ We have dipped down into the well of his experiences and thought and know there’s nothing there but that awful silence. Women are always accused of over- garrulity. If knowing how to talk, and being willing to do it is a vice, then -we love them for their faults, but men have plenty of sins, in the way of si- lence, to answer for in society. The average man expects all women to en-. tertain him. In his opinion that is what they are here for, and he considers that when he shows up ata party or takes a girl to the play he has done his part. He has pushed the button and she must do the rest. Just watch the next couple you see out together at dinner, or between the acts at the theater—anywhere. It is always the same. The girl is doing the talking and making the effort to entertain the man, and she knows she is playing tothe big- gest sort of luck if he throws in a side nett ele tare bmn mae remark every now and then to help her along. There are plenty of men in so- ciety with whom conversation is prac- tically a monologue on the woman’s part, and if the man thinks that his aw- ful silence is fascinating or impressive he is making the mistake of his life. The girl is doing drudgery and she knows it and she is wondering if any other kind of a bore is such a bore as the man who sits up like a knot ona log and says nothing. If the dead silence of the mummy in society is a trial, the sullen silence with which many men punish their families is a terror. Th t isthe whip with which many a tyrant holds the trembling wretches of his household in order. He comes home to dinner or down to break- fast with a face as grim and _unsmiling as death. Something is wrong. He eats and drinks in silence, refusing even to ask for what he wants. He reads his paper with a portentious dumbness that Strikes terror into his wife’s bosom. Finally some one asks what is the mat- ter? Is he ill? Has anything gone wrong? Has anyone offended him? To all queries he responds ‘‘nothing’’ in a tone of voice that indicates that the universe is out of gear, and arraigns everybody in the house, from the baby up and down, and convicts them of hav- ing criminally conspired against his happiness. Such a man always takes great credit for never saying anything when he is mad, but he would be less brutal if he smashed the furniture and swore a blue streak. A wife can deal with a red-hot angry man who says things and gives her a chance to talk back and explain, but with a dumb one she is utterly helpless. She can’t argue with silence. She can only grit her teeth and passively endure what she knows to be an injustice and an out- rage. A certain amount of silence in a fam- ily might be a good thing and a con- servator of the peace, if it went all the way around, but it is always the most one-sided thing on earth. I have known plenty of households where it would have been considered almost criminal to break the dumbness that was main- tained regarding the good qualities and the charms of the different members of the family, but never a one where any- body felt called upon to maintain si- lence regarding each other's faults and failures. Poor, patient Mr. Benedict might come home with the chickens 364 days in the year and nothing ever be scored to his credit, but when he stays out a couple of hours late on the 365th, Maria considers herself a poor, mis- used creature, and raises Cain about it. Nobody says a word about the many good dinners dear little Mrs. Housewife spends so much anxious care and thought and work in preparing for her family, but let there be too much salt, by some mischance, in the soup, and the whole table remarks it. Little Johnny can come into the room like a little gentleman forty times without ex- citing the slightest comment, but let him rush in like a whirlwind once and everybody shudders and says: ‘‘For pity’s sake! That child will never grow up into anything but a hoodlum.’’ Fair play is fair play. If we are going to [keep silence about people’s virtues, let us also be dumb concerning their faults. It is no more than justice. No doubt there are friendships that have been talked to death, and we have all known intimacies that were broken up by an indiscreet person repeating something told them in confidence, but silence is equally the enemy of love. Probably there is no one who can not look back over her own life without _re- calling some friend estranged and _ lost, who might have been held by a word if that word had been spoken in time. They took offense or we took offense at some trivial thing, a fancied sligit, an imagined lack of cordiality, a garbled ‘rumor, something that we mistook or misunderstood. If either one had had the courage to come right out and ask for the truth it might have been so easi- ly explained, but we were too proud. We took refuge in silence that is an arctic wall that freezes up all approaches to understanding and reconciliation. If, like little children, we should drop the insane theory that our dignity de- mands silence and should go to-day to every one towards whom we harbor re- sentment or have old grudges or whom we think dislikes us and frankly ask them: ‘‘What have I done to offend you?) Wherein am I at fault?’’ or ‘“What made you do thus and so?’’ be sure that nine-tenths of the grievances under which we labor could be explained away and we should sleep forgiven and forgiving to-night. It also seems to me that there is much to be said in favor of talk just for it- self, and, personally, I prefer the woman who chatters as blithely and as meaninglessly as a canary to the one who wraps herself in an awful silence, under whose baneful influence cheer- fulness dies and conversation becomes a lost art, even for other people. 1 know that there are those who hold that ail interest in your neighoors’ affairs is vulgar; that any little chit-chat about what other people are doing is gossip, and so to be condemned, and that _peo- ple ought not to talk unless they have something high and mighty to discuss. Heavens! Who would want to live with the roar of Niagara forever in their ears? It is the little babbling brook of which we never tire, and to my mind there is no more charming woman than she who is an adept in polite gossip— who knows how to clothe the little affairs of everyday life with interest: who sees the fun and the pathos of things and who can not go down town to buy a spool of cotton without collecting a lit- tle budget of news that she retails to her delighted audience across her din- ner table. Compare that, if you please, with the woman who sits in grim silence at the foot of her board, and whose family partake of their dinner as dumb- ly and unresponsively as any other ani- mals who are being fed. Finally, there must come a time to each and every one of us when the aw- ful silence of death shuts down between us and our best beloved. Cry aloud as we may, we can not make them hear in that far land where they have gone. God knows then whether we shall most regret the things we have said or the things we have left unsaid. The harsh and impatient word we uttered they for- gave us, but all the unuttered love and tenderness they never knew. It would have been such a joy to them to know how we admired them. It would have given them courage so often when their hearts failed, if only they had known how we appreciated them. We might have made the hard road of life blossom for them with words of praise, but we never said them. and then, as we mur- mur passionate words of love and regret into deaf ears, we know, as we have never known before, that there is a duty of speech as well asa duty of silence. Dorothy Dix. Where Woman’s Greatest Opportunities Lie. One of the most significant features of the day is the fact that women are grow- ing practical. The beau ideal of femi- nine attractiveness is no longer an im- possible combination of an angel and a goose. Other times have brought other standards, and the woman who would be esteemed attractive and thoroughly up to date now must know her world thoroughly and be able to cope with it. All of the old traditional weaknesses dear to the heart of the satirist are dy- ing out, and the jokemakers are having to hunt for new breaks in her armor at which to hurl their shafts of ridicule. This change in womau’s attitude to- wards the every-day affairs of life is no- ticeable on every side. Helplessness has gone out of fashion. Ignorance is passe. There was a fiction that our grandmothers never ate, or, at least, merely nibbled on humming birds’ wings and nightingales’ tongues. The man who undertakes to feed the mod- ern, healthy, hungry girl on something equally ethereal is a wiser and a poorer man before he gets through paying for her dinner. The old-time woman was supposed to’ be incapable of handling or earning money, and to sign her checks, when she had any, ‘‘yours lov ingly.’’ The modern woman who doesn't have her own bank account and isn’t familar with common __ business usages argues herself a woman without an independent pocketbook. —---— _-. , A ; p oa tn eS a? ah Gis No. 997 We originated the ‘Horseshoe Fad,’’ hence show everything that ate is made in it. B These are 75 cts. per dozen. iio ee RET i Gi Cake? RES ca wag: 1G A SELECTION FROM OUR 50° LINE WE ARE SHOWING THESE IN FIFTY DIFFERENT PATTERNS No. 5618 Chatelaine, beautifuliv enameled, warranted for good wear, $2.00 per doz. nee We give this cut, and others, to handlers of our Celebrated Rings, that retail with a handsome profit at 25 cts. and 50 cts. No. 312 Link Cuff Buttons, over 200 styles, 75 cts. per dozen. M ; ¢ j si McKinley and Bryan Buttons, handsomely enameled, ™ highest grade “4 . ‘ embl the market. $2.00 per dozen. 1 “Our Chicken.’’ Place the head in your button-hole and the bulb in your See $ I 14 pocket, squeeze and the noise imitates a chicken. We have them with the i] presidential candidates’ pictures also. Any style you want. $2.00 p. doz. » Scolding Lock Pins, Imitation of Tortoise Shell. 40 cts. per dozen. Bee a. es No. 2799 Scarf Ball. No. 2792 Scarf Ball. Presidential windmill ies pore es ne re ee cet oy : i auti j i Gold and silver. Either Candidate. The : cel ae _Made of sea sheils, It is indestructible. | Striped red, white and peld and sliver. $2.00 7c a Seien. atmosphere causes it to Has Bryan’s picture on Has McKinley’s picture either candidate. Our blue. Very captivating Sor marching clubs. er dozen revolve continuously. the inside of the breast on the inside of breast own creation, very gen- . ; 75c per dozen. plate. 75c per dozen. plate. 75c: per dozen. teel. 75c per dozen. 75c per dozen. 4 Stone Bros. ““isen0« Popular Priced Jewelry, 199-201 Market St, Chicago. : cinta Phe. teak Ab ca aon ceded pleases oy { j Seiage cn roe MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Devoted to the Best Interests of Business Men Published at the New Blodgett Building, Grand Rapids, by the TRADESMAN COMPANY One Dollar a Year, Payable in Advance. Advertising Rates on Application. Communications invited from practical business men. vee a= ena must give their full hames and addresses, not necessarily for pub- lication, but as a guarantee of good faith. Subscribers may have the mailing address of their papers changed as often as desired. No paper discontinued, except at the option of the proprietor, until all arrearages are paid. Sample copies sent free to any address. Entered at the Grand Rapids Post Office as Second Class mail matter. When writing to any of our Advertisers, please say that you saw the advertise- ment in the Michigan Tradesman. E. A. STOWE, Eprror. WEDNESDAY, - - SEPTEMBER 12, 1900. NOT A QUESTION OF POLITICS. Two men, both of considerable repute but of opposite political faith, have been giving their ideas about the young man’s chance to make his way in the world in these days when it is the de- termined purpose of the big to swallow the little. It is clearly a meeting of the extremes—the pessimist with the opti- mist—and the world of listeners oscil- lates to this or that opinion as it con- firms or refutes an almost unchangeable prejudice. The one with convincing finger points to this and that evidence of unmistak- able prosperity crowding and crowning American enterprise and tracing it back to its little beginning when the proprie- tor, a young man with the world before him, with his shirt sleeves rolled up, and with only his two hands and the in- domitable faith in himself behind them, began to accumuiate little by little the prosperity ending in this—the ’‘this’’ be- ing a handsweep which encloses the colossal establishment whose business comprises the world. These things are common. Not a city exists whose lead- ing successful men from the ground did not set up, themselves, the ladder against the wall of enterprise, up the rounds of which they have painfully and determinedly clambered to the top. What was the beginning of the furniture business centering now in Grand Rap- ids? Light your kerosene lantern and, like Diogenes, hunt for the man who sunk the first oil well, the beginning of the fabulous fortunes that have sprung from it. What was the beginning of the electric light and what is the early history of the power that grasped the driving wheel of the engine on land and sea, and what of the men—young men once—who saw their chance and made the most of it? You will find them, if you go back far enough, in the scant-furnished houses of the poor, and you will find, too, that that same sort of young man is alive to-day and_as ready to-day as he ever has been to furnish history with another story of toils and tears and so to prove his claim to poy- erty’s birthright, success; but hampered by the political conditions of the coun- try. His opponent will meet the argument without shrinking, he will reach, by in- vincible logic, his exultant ‘‘which was to he proved,’’ and the discussion ends as it began and where it began. Both in arguing for the young man have forgotten him and there he is, as he has been since the foundation of the world, ready to win or lose. One or the other destiny is to be his, and no one _ hetter than himself knows that it is not a ques- tion of politics which he is to answer. It is whether he has force enough and character enough to win his way. Times change; circumstances change: but men change with them. What does not change and never will is whether the manhood of the period is to be overcome hy the opposition of that period. The world’s grandest successes had to he fought for. Inch by inch the victory was won, and inch by inch new difficul- ties were grappled with. Obstacle and hindrance to-day are the obstacle and hindrance of yesterday and to-morrow with a different spelling-; but the man, young or old, who has learned his letters in the school of hardship and toil and suffering will spell the. words success puts out to him and will go up to the head of the class. He can not be kept back. The same indomitable will that made Grand Rapids the second city in the State in spite of forces fighting against it will meet, as grandly and as successfully, the same opposing power in modern methods of attack to preserve and perpetuate the city's good name and importance and influence; and the young men living here, if they are the worthy sons of their worthy parentage, will find a way to batter down the walls opposing them as their fathers did ‘‘in the old time before them.’’ Real man- hood, whatever the opposition, is not to be put down. It has come to stay. En- vironment is nothing; circumstance is nothing. They are both the creatures of his will; and both in time will find him at the ‘head of their council boards, The trust itself furnishes the best il- lustration. Who were the men at the head of them? cheeks of tan,’’ poverty-cradled and poverty-kissed and poverty-cursed, every one of them, caring no more for the accidents of birth and fortune than for the cuffs and hard knocks these gave them and which they jeeringly laughed at. A question of politics with them? It was a question of will, of force, of endurance, exactly as it is now, and the young men who stand to-day with these qualities, foot-hraced, fist-clinched, facing the world, are the ones to down all opposition, spelled with six letters or ten, and to place themselves at the head of those enterprises whose aim and purpose were evidently to keep them down. None but Chinamen would think of using hens to hatch fish. According to the science column of a German weekly paper, the hens of China lead busy lives. When not engaged in hatching out a brood of their own kind, they are put to the additional and novel -task of hatching fish eggs. Chinese cheap labor collects the spawn of fish from the water's edge, puts it in an empty egg shell, which is then hermetically sealed with wax and placed under the unsus- pecting and conscientious hen. Ina few days the egg shell is removed, and the spawn, which has been warmed in- to life, is emptied into a shallow pool. Here the fish that soon develop are nursed until strong enough to be turned into a lake or stream. Tennessee wants a law that will de- Stroy dogs and protect sheep. She will not get it. The worthless citizens own the dogs and they can outvote the hon- est farmers who are trying to raise sheep. The man who lavishly sounds the ‘Barefoot hoys with HAPPY HOME COMING. Getting back from a vacation, ds everybody will admit, is the best part of it. There is joy in planning a trip, with all the world before you where to choose, and every railroad and steam- ship advertisement offering to transport you straight into paradise, at excursion rates, on a round-trip ticket. There is bliss in the moment when you stand on the rear platform of the Pullman and wave good-by to your friends and feel a complacent pity for all the unfortunate people who are not starting off on a va- cation. There is a reasonable pleasure in seeing strange places, meeting new people and imbibing fresh ideas; but the crowning delight of it all is when the train pulls into the home station and you heave a sigh of relief and_satisfac- tion, and say, ‘‘Thank heaven I am back again!'’ There is a ridiculous theory that we all yearn for change and novelty and that we spend time and money traveling in order to seek some- thing widely different from that to which we have been accustomed. Never was a greater mistake. We want the fa- miliar. We are slaves to the things to which habit has accustomed us, and when we travel we spend most of our time trying to find something like we are used to every day. This isso well known that there is a kind of free- masonry amon, people who come from the same place or.country and who say to each other, ‘‘Go to so and so; it is so much like home.’’ They never recommend a place by saying it is different, and unlike home, and when you hear a person declare, in a foreign land, that a lake or river or mountain is like the scenery at home, you know at once that they have paid it the best compliment of which they were capable. In London, when you want to rub shoulders against your fellow-country- men, you don’t hunt for them rhapsodiz- ing in Westminster Abbey, or St. Paul’s, or soaking themselves with his- torical association in the tower; you drop into the American shop where they sell real American soda water and find it packed with patriots reverently guzzling our national heverage and ask- ing each other if it doesn't seem just like home. Even our boasted passion for variety in food is largely humbug. We imbibe our taste in seasoning and our religious principles in early youth, and it’s just about as easy to convert us from one as from the other. We want pies like mother made them and things cooked as we are used to having them. On the whole, most of us know from experience that novelty is one of the things that is chiefly attractive in the abstract, and that we are happiest when we are jogging along in the rut with which we are perfectly familiar. A curious illustration of this has just been offered in a little incident which recent- ly happened in New York. A good samaritan, desiring to bring some pleas- ure into darkened lives, took three little waifs from the most squalid part of the tenement district to a beautiful country place. Nothing in the way of a change could have been more radical, and one would have thought it must have seemed like heaven to the little gamins. Na- ture spread the soft velvet of her carpet for the little feet that had never known anything but the hard stones of the city. The great arch of the heavens were as blue as sapphire for little eyes that had never before seen anything but a dingy strip of blue fenced in by smoking chimney tops. The birds sang and the praise of cthers will not forget himsel!. soft wind crooned a lullaby to little ears . used only to the shrill clang of the trol. ley car and the shriek of whistles, but none of it had charms to interest the children of the street. [t was all too new and unfamiliar. [t bored them. They said that the animals were ‘‘slow,’’ that ‘* nothing hap- pened,’’ and that the silence of the night terrified them. They stood it two days and then ran away, and walked al] the weary way back home. There they were found sitting on the edge of the pavement, contentedly dangling their tired little feet in the gutter, with the hot wind of the street blowing on them and the noisome odors all about them, but, like other vacation wanderers, happy because they had gotten back in- to the old familiar surroundings. —————————— THE WORST TRUST OF ALL. The exclusion of ‘‘all except its mem- bers from its benefits’’ is the first } rin- ciple of the labor union trust. Not only are they excluded from its benefits, but its whole power is extended positively to injure them. They are treated as ‘*scabs’’ and the union uses every dis- honest and criminal means within its power to prevent their obtaining em- ployment. Members of the union refuse to work with them, resort to a strike if they are introduced into a business, and seek to ruin the business by deserting it at a critical moment and by inducing a boycott of it. The unions say prac- tically to workmen: ‘‘ Unless you join our trusts we will do everything possible to prevent your working at all and _ re- duce you to starvation.’’ They under- take to hound every workman who is not in the union, to subject him to so- cial ostracism and to terrorize employers so that they shall not dare to employ such a workman. Of course the union ‘‘invites all men belonging to the craft to enter it,’’ for it seeks to build up a labor monopoly, but the penalties for refusal to accept the invitation are the unrelenting hostility of the union. They do not respect the liberty of choice of a workman, but deny to him entirely the exercise of freedom by subjecting him to duress. ‘‘ You are free to come into the union,’’ they say, “but if you stay out you do so at your peril and at the peril of any one who employs you.’’ ci It is said that many French medical men are abandoning the use of tobac- co, owing largely to the government monopoly of that commodity. Accord- ing to the physicians the cigars of the ‘‘Regie’’ (those made at the govern- ment factories) are so uniformly bad, and the tax on all other brands is so prohibitive, that the only sensible thing to do is not to smoke at all. ——— There are some men in Grand Rapids too stupid to successfully carry out the ordinary affairs of life who a-e now pre- pared to say just what this Government should do in her present strained rela- tions with China. And the worst of it is that they bruit their opinions without waiting for an invitation. dL It is not too much to hope that in Ig10 our commerce with Alaska and the Aleutian Islands will be greater than were our export and import trade with the Orient in 1890. If this prove true, what, think you, will the figures of trade between the United States and the Orient be in that same 1910? ———— Men who accumulate wealth by being very close when they are young never seem to know how to loosen up when they are old. 3 factory 4 [oar ~~ gtr ate -* es 7g VOR a, a the trol- factory charms to treet. It iliar. It > animals ng hap- > of the od it two alked all ere they ge of the ng their with the on them it them, inderers, back in- 3. LL, its mem- rst’ | rin- Not only fits, but oSitively ‘eated as ery dis- ithin its ling em- n refuse trike if ess, and leserting nducing ay prac- ou join possible and re- 7 under- 1 who is n to so- aployers employ ill men ‘| fOr it oly, but cept the 1ostility pect the ut deny reedom You are ey Say, at. your ne who nedical tobac- ‘rnment A ccord- of the govern- ly bad, Is is so e thing Rapids ut the OW pre- rnment 1 rela- - of it without in Igto id the er than e with » true, f trade Orient being never > when gs 2 1a toa sacar. F. — os z : died age BRE - cee: fe! md fe Pie, Faecal Wee 2 a me 5 AF: * cena : LR ian SS ape IR Tape CEE i, YEE, = — wee omen” o ~ {9A ER eee.” MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Born Steel Ranges A great variety of sizes and patterns to select from. Ovens from 15x 21 to 36x 26, and fire boxes for any kind of fuel. : Dealers who have the agency for this line can suit the smallest family or the largest hotel. +b Catalogue ‘“H” is yours for the ask- ing. It illustrates the full line of Steel Ranges, also Broilers, Bake Ovens, Carving and Steam Tables, Coffee Urns, Laundry Stoves, and complete Kitchen Outfits. + Born Steel Range Co., 3 Cleveland, Ohio Are quick sellers because their STRONG POINTS need only to be mentioned to be appreciated by the customer. No other range has all these features: Patent Removable Oven Bottoms that do not warp. Balanced Oven Doors with tough malleable iron frames. Double Steel Plate Bodies interlined with asbestos. Cast Back Flues that will not burn out or rust through. Heavy Cast Iron Tops that stand the heat and strain. Combination Feed Doors that swing for wood and drop for coal. Reversible Duplex Grates that can be used for coal or wood. Dampers that operate from front where they are easy to get at. Adjustable Flue Slides that regulate the draft for any kind of fuel. Cased Asbestos Flue Bottoms to retain heat and protect the floor. Paneled Patent Turned Closet Doors made of planished iron. Planished Iron End Panels that give a handsome and durable finish. Encased Reservoir heated by patented process-——no con- nections. onee peee i : ° SY SPN. 10 DRY GOODS TRADE. Position of the Middleman Growing More Secure, Your request for an article on the Wholesale Dry Goods Trade for the past, present and future should have been made to an older man, although my experience dates from 1877. Since then there have been many radical changes in the method of wholesaling dry goods, as competition, which is more severe from day to day, has forced changes. In 1877, 1878 and 1879 most of the jobbing houses in Detroit—and they numbered five at that time—em- ployed house salesmen,and such a thing as a regular traveling man was an ex- ception, although each hou e employed one or two general travelers and the house salesmen were expected to make trips from time to time through the State. To-day the house salesman is an exception, in that merchants visiting the market expect the department buy- ers to wait upon them. The road sales- man in 1877 carried a few samples—not to exceed two trunks—while to-day it is very necessary for every road man to have an accurate sample of every article carried by the jobber, which necessitates six to ten trunks. This item in_ itself is a very extravagant one, in view of the fact that the railroad companies con- tinue to refuse any special rates to traveling men. Traveling men making certain territories regularly should have special rates from the railroad company, and the time is not far distant when these favors will be extended, as the automobile or the electric trolley car will force it. The Western jobber at certain seasons of the year is now sending special sam- ple cars through the country, which ap- pears to be an innovation,and very soon radical changes may be expected from the present method of selling goods from samples on the road. That the jobbing trade continues to be a tough proposi- tion, there is no question. The jobber at the present time is known, and rightly so, as the middle- man; the manufacturer has not, can not and never will distribute his output di- rectly to the retailer. Of course, there are exceptions, but he must look very largely to the jobber as a distributer. A few years ago there were those who predicted the passing away of the job- ber. That this idea was wrong is shown by the fact that the jobber to-day is cut- ting a more important figure than ever. Never in the history of the country have the jobbers handled so many orders for goods, to say nothing of totals, as_ dur- ing the last two years, and there is an immense volume of trade in process to- dav. The manufacturer can not with any satisfaction handle-two or three thou- sand accounts in every State in the Union; in fact, there is a disposition to-day on the part of the manufacturers to reduce the number of their accounts, confining their sales to only a few job- bers and looking to them for a large distribution. At one time the jobber was desirous of large accounts. Many of them to-day desire it reversed, in that the jobber is forced to cover an im- mense territory, and this in itself in- creases the number of accounts and the size of the accounts is lost sight ~of. This fact has been brought about on account of the recent bankruptcy law. In the days that are gone there was not much risk in what was known as a carrying account, in that the jobber could resort to the chattel mortgage law, MICHIGAN but to-day all creditors share and share alike. I believe that this law has worked wonders with the character and standard of retail merchants, for surely, in the writer’s experience, there never have been such a high class and quality of retailers doing business as at the present time. The retail merchant who does not discount his bills is an excep- tion, and the jobber’s percentage of losses has never been so small as dur- ing the last few years. This fact is ap- preciated on the part of the jobber, in that competition, growing more severe each year, does not permit of the old- time profit and loss account. Detroit, for its size and_ situation, probably does a larger jobbing business to the square inch than any other city in the Union outside of New York City. Unfortunately, Canada cuts off on the East, but each season the Detroit jobber is reaching out farther to the West and South with satisfactory results, TRADESMAN At the present time figures are pre- sented which show a decrease in the cotton crop for this year of about three million bales; Liverpool is buying our cottons very freely and the market is stronger. On the other hand, the re- tailer appears to be ‘‘bearing’’ the mar- ket. There is no question whatever that the producing power is far in ex- cess of the demand, and were it not for production being regulated by combines and trusts, cotton and woolen stuffs would be greatly reduced in price. This is a strong argument in favor of trusts and combines. Detroit has four wholesale dry goods houses, and that they are up to or above the standard there is no question. No other branch of trade is better repre- sented in our fair city, and Michigan should continue to support their honest efforts. It is not the idea of the Detroit jobber to ‘‘follow’’ but to ‘‘lead,’’ and I believe that this fact is appreciated 4 and that the Eastern jobber is selling less and less dry goods in Michigan is an admitted fact. A few years ago the retailer felt obliged to go to New York City for the bulk of his goods; to-day he simply goes for the advertisement, and the wide-awake retailer of Michi- gan has already given up this idea. The system of postal cards and circu- lars, quoting leading articles at a low price-—usually at cost—is being gradual- ly abandoned, in that responses have been so unsatisfactory. The Detroit jobbers’ instruction to their traveling men is to meet legitimate competition, no matter what the postal card price may be, for the retailer believes that the next traveling man who calls upon him will not only meet the quoted price, but have also the same article for immediate shipment. Of course, there are excep- tions to this, in that some jobbers buy the entire production; at the same time this is not often the case. |by every retailer in Michigan, North- ern Ohioand Indiana. James L. Lee. —__» 0. Every railway, in order to furnish a reasonable accommodation to the public, must run a great many of its passenger trains with too few passengers to pay the actual train expenses. It must make enough profit on its better patronized trains to make up for this loss and leave a margin of profit besides, else its pas- senger traffic can not he said to be ona satisfactory basis. Taking the United States as a whole, only a little over one- fifth of the total earnings of railways are derived from the passenger traffic. A large proportion of American railway lines are conducting their passenger traffic at a loss, while others are merely paying expenses and deriving no profit proportionate to the investment and the volume of business done. This is cer- tainly not a satisfactory showing, and it ought not to be accepted as a permanent state of affairs. —_~> 2. __- The only way to satisfy a business kicker is to let him kick it out. Feminine Watch Fobs. The girl who is careful about dress accessories wears a fob chain now with her tailor-made suit. It’s very much like the one her men friends wear, a trifle lighter in weight, perhaps, but if there’s one to be had that formerly be- longed to a masculine ancestor she’s not above clasping it to the black ribbon with its gold slides and wearing it. There’s many an antique beauty hid- den away in old chests where it was placed when fobs went hopelessly out of fashion that will now be resurrected and regarded as the most desirable jewel in milady’s casket. The antique affairs had seals that showed bloodstones, topaz and onyx sets, while later ones add those of amethysts, sardonyx and cornelia to the list. The use of the fob will to some de- gree solve the problem, ‘‘What shall we do with our watches?’’ that has puzzled women in recent years. The tiny re- ceptacle now made for the timepiece disturbs the fit of the coat not at all, and is much safer for them than was the custom of pinning them on the bodice and so exposing them to the various changes of temperature as well as to the gentlemen with thieving proclivi- ties. To be sure, they are not particu- larly safe when attached only to a fob, but they can in addition be fastened to the pocket with a safety pin. At any rate, whatever its faults, the fob is considered very smart just now, and it behooves the maid who had a grandfather to look over his possessions and see if she can not find a seal she may swing upon black watered ribbon— the latter, by the way, is again in high favor—and wear on her watch. Failing this, she must certainly buy a more modern one,ifshe must be strictly up- to-date. —__»0.__ Irons Need Occasional Rest. ‘This iron is out of temper. I’ll have to let it rest a month or two,"’ said a laundress. ‘‘Irons are like locomotives and razors in this respect. There comes a time when they won't work. Do what you will with your iron then, it won't stay hot a minute after you take it from the fire. It sticks to the thing you are trying to press and there is nothing to do but lay it away for a while. This one got out of temper last winter during the cold snap, when | ironed ice with it. I did that every day. We only drank melted ice in our house and | had to iron it—it wouldn’t melt in the zero weather—to give us drinking water. Thus I spoiled it temporarily. A quick way when an iron refuses to work is to take it toa blacksmith shop to be tempered. If there’s no hurry, though, a rest answers just as well, and after a month or so the iron is as good as ever.’’ —_—¢262._ Courtesy and Business. “Do you think there is too much courtesy mixed with business nowa- days?’’ ‘“No; I think we ought to mix more Courtesy with our business and less business with our courtesy. gprossoso2222200000000N, READY TO WEAR TRIMMED In all the new shapes for Ladies and Misses. Prices from $600 to $21.00 per dozen. Write for samples and prices, Corl, Knott & Co. Jobbers of Millinery Grand Rapids, Michigan Vp * MICHIGAN TRADESMAN PVPS PSA VAD °, o, oO 2 2 g, So o o ‘oO oO ° oO ) ° ° P. ‘Sallis & Sa Wholesale Dry Goods Grand Rapids, °o Bees Ym \e Ay o '° GoOosgvo SNICESGESGOS aN OY 9OPROO}S WOOO ONIV ONG ODWTOWOO WU! oN OORYE, €0)6(c0)0(69 ° oO 60)960}0(c00(60}9 oO ‘OCC S: Michigan Rey 60)0 oO } a gQ oO NGovCOng¢e ‘00, €9)9(09}260)0(6 90 vo ° a Everything in Staple Dry Goods ce ) Cle) ° QD, oe oO, esses oO Dress Goods, Wool Waists 2 2 9 () (Q9)2 C) Linings, and Wrappers, °. 9, 9) 5(a0) a oO °° a Underwear, Night Gowns 9g, ‘co o and Muslin Notions, Q, 0 )0 (00. ‘oO Men’s ° v, aX oO 3S 2 a Furnishings. Underwear. & ae °o 2 09)9: C) og oa 3 All high-grade goods of the best ma- terial and finish at popular prices. 2 a °o 2, 9, ODS5(QEd)9@O)S oO Qa °o g, a oO 260 o oO COKRCHNQLIAL 2 2 ° ° © CIQLI AL, EOS E58 28 ROR ee 928 28 DCs Sx CECE EERE DRC DICDECDEC IEC IC ACDEE BNGOIGoO Go () o eo ob CB OIG An Early Purchase! Of handkerchiefs for the holiday trade is good business policy because you get the pick of the assortment. Besides a very large line of the regular numbers we have as pretty a lot of the embroidered edge as you ever saw. The higher priced ones all put up in boxes of a dozen each. Prices, 45c,goc, $1.25, $2.00, $2.25, $3.00 and $4.50 per dozen. Voigt, Herpolsheimer & Co., Wholesale Dry Goods, : Grand Rapids, Mich. BORORSC SOROKSCTOKORS HORONS HORRORS GOROCHOCROROROCHRORORORO 60) oO OG OQ DESCRIPTION : 8-Day Calendar Clock. Cathedral Gong. Half Hour Strike. Barometer. Thermometer. Perpetual Calendar. 6-Inch Dial. 24 Inches High. & DESCRIPTION OF CIGARS: Uncle Josh Weathersby Packed 50 in Cedar Box. Havana Cuttings, No Dirt, No Dust. Free from Artificial Flavor. 4% in. Pertecto Shape. ae King Cotton Cigars 50 in Box. Long Filler. 4% in. Length. Connecticut Wrapper. Embossed Label. Free Smoker. We Give You This Handsome Clock Because We Want You to w 2 Push Our Cigars Maybe you have never handled them. If not, you would possibly object to ordering one or two thousand cigars of which you know nothing. This is why we have decided to allow you to place a small order first. We feel con- fident you will push our goods when you see and appreciate their value and the large orders will come later. Give your cigar or grocery jobber’s salesman an order for 200 Uncle Josh or King Cotton cigars at $3 50 per hundred and we will send you FREE this handsome 8-day, perpetual, calendar clock, fully guaranteed by the big- gest clock manufacturers in the world The clock is handsome enough to suit the most fastidious, the case being of polished oak, handsomely finished exactly as shown in the illustra- tion The barometer is constructed with the utmost care on scientific prin- ciples and forecasts the weather with remarkable accuracy. The thermom- eter is of standard make and is guaranteed to be correct The trusts’ method of advertising is through newspapers and on bill boards, our method is to give value received to the dealer. We will not ship over two clocks to one customer as our supply is limited and we desire to give each dealer the benefit of our offer. Order through your jobber 200 cigars and get a clock free; 2 clocks with 400. References: R.G. Dun, Editor of Tradesman. KELLEY CIGAR CO., Chicago, Ill. SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSA AD ee You keep Cigars. 5c Don’t think they are cheap, they are not. good. kk deer yon ok een pee cant “cep W ADVANCE v ciGARS Sell = Why? Because they are “Good” articles are never cheap. TRY THEM. THE BRADLEY CIGAR CO., Mfrs Improved HAND **W, H. B.’’ MADE GREENVILLE, MICH. aad aoaqoaoqooqooqaonqoqaorwqowqoqayyoaonwqoowqo qe LQPFQPPSPSPPSPSSSSSSSSSSEaTrT 10 Centers. RIGHT NOW Is the time to lay in a fresh stock of spices as prices are sure to advance with the coming of the canning season. The N. R. & C. brand of spices are the best manufactured and con- form with the pure food laws of Mich- igan in every respect. Made only by NORTHROP, ROBERTSON & CARRIER LANSING, MICHIGAN Da cgieee ays ore Pond loser mien , : f i f r 12 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN _ Butter and Eggs _ Relation of Egg Rules and Inspections to Receipts. We seem to be in a peculiar position in regard to egg grading. It is prac- tically impossible to find any consider- able quantity of Western eggs which our egg inspector will grade as ‘‘firsts’’ (not to speak of *‘extras’’) and it ap- pears that during the past summer we might as well have had no egg rules at all for all the good they have done in facilitating public and private sales. It is very evident that the intentions of the Egg Committee of the New York Produce Exchange have been thwarted in some way. Surely it was never in- tended by that committee to specify re- quirements as to quality which could not be met at any season of the year, and it is evident that they have set down words describing these require- ments which compel a more stringent grading than they intended, or else that their specifications are being inter- preted in a more stringent manner than they intended. We are now, and have been all sum- mer, getting a number of marks of eggs which are candled and quite closely graded before shipment. These eggs lose but little and while they are of course not free from the effects of hot weather they are, relatively to the sea- son and to the general! run of receipts, of very nice quality and continually sought for in the best class of trade. Just now when average prime to choice lots of Western eggs are selling at a range of 1314@15'%4c at mark and when thousands of cases are going at 12@13c and lower, the best of these fancy marks are promptly taken at 16%@17c at mark. And yet receivers tell me they would not dare offer these goods under the rule as ‘‘firsts.’’ I submit, and doubtless the whole egg trade will agree,that this is a ridic- ulous state of affairs. If everybody knew just what the basis of inspection was, and that the propor- tion of passable eggs was always to be judged from a spring standpoint, per- haps it should make little difference. Theoretically it is immaterial whether the standard of judgment is lowered during the hot summer weather and the name of the grade kept the same, or whether the standard is kept up and the hot weather eggs called by a name lower in the grade of quality. But practical- ly it is much more confusing to quote qualities relatively equal by differently named grades from one season to an- other; it is the universal opinion of the egg trade that ‘‘firsts’’ should at all seasons include those average prime grades of eggs which are acceptable to the better class of trade and that the finer qualities of Western candled and graded should, if properly packed, be covered by the term ‘‘extra.’’ For my part I can see little reason why this should not be the case under the present egg rules, although a slight change might let the inspector out with- out causing him to exercise much free judgment. So far as I ean learn the failure to pass relatively fancy marks as firsts comes from the provision that they must contain a certain percentage (now 65) of fresh, reasonably full, strong and sweet eggs. Now I don’t believe the egg com- mittee intended these always to be judged by a spring standard of fresh- ness, fulness or strength. The terms are relative anyway and _ the, inspector would be perfectly justified in the sum- mer in including among the percentage of eggs thus described many which he would he equally justified in throwing out in the spring. Furthermore the qualifying word ‘‘reasonably’’ may be supposed to refer to the specifications ‘“strong’’ and ‘‘sweet’’ as well as to the term ‘‘full,’’ thus giving technical jus- tification for the exercise of a little com- mon sense, But at the most I can see necessity for no further change in the wording of the rules than to open the door for the exercise of reasonable judgment on the part of the inspector. How would it do to describe the percentage of standard eggs as ‘“‘reasonably fresh, full, strong and sweet for the season when offered.’’ Something like this would compel the exercise of judgment on the part of the inspector, and throw the burden of dis- satisfaction with his work upon hiin personally, instead of upon an imper- sonal egg rule which can not by any possibility be made so as to meet every change in conditions from season to sea- son without providing for the exercise of intelligent discretion on the part of the egg inspector.—N. Y. Produce Re- view. Dressing Chickens For Market. In raising chicks for broilers they should be hatched as early in the sea- son as possible, to command good prices. I prefer hatching with incuba- tors to using setting hens. Early chicks are often chilled when running with hens, while with a good brooder, it is easy to raise the chicks, and they soon reach 1% to 2 lbs. weight, and are ready for market. To bring a good price, they must be good and plump, neatly dressed, and have yellow legs and skin. I have never seen the time when we could not dispose of more broilers than we could raise on our two poultry plants —and get good prices, too. In killing, 1 hold the bird firmly by the legs and tips of wings to prevent struggling. With a fine-bladed, sharp knife, | open the large vein just back of the ear, allowing the bird to bleed freely, and making as small an opening as possible. Then quickly remove the feathers from those parts which are the | easiest torn, on breast, the shoulders, thigh joints and rump. Then remove rest of feathers and pin-feathers. With a little practice, it is easy to get the feathers off without tearing the skin be- fore the bird is wholly quiet. By pick- ing as soon as possible after sticking, the feathers come easily, and there is little ‘tearing. It is almost impossible to have the bird dress well if you wait until the body cools before removing the feathers from the tender parts. The bird must bleed freely or the blood will settle under the skin, and give ita bluish tinge. After the feathers are re- moved, wash the body in cold water, clean off all the blood about the head and in the mouth; scrub the legs and toes with a small brush. Hang the bird up to drain, as laying it down rubs _ the skin off, and spoils its appearance. Leave the head on for selling to mar- ket. A well-dressed bird looks very tempting and will sell better than one half done. For market, I do not draw birds, but remove the crop, if it contains food. I think the White Wyandottes as good poultry as any other variety, if not bet- ter. There are no dark pin-feathers, and the bodies are always meaty. Fowls are dressed in the same manner that we dress chicks. Charles Marshall. GRAPES—Direct from Grower Large crop. All varieties, finest quality, honest packing. Prompt shipment. Season Sept. 1 to Nov. 1. Order your grapes direct from grower and get them fresh. Fruit picked and shipped same day as receipt of order. Wm. K. Munson, Fruitgrower, - Grand Rapids, Mich. Citizens Phone 2590-1. Rural Route No. 4 f Clover, Timothy, Blue Grass, S = - D Orchard Grass, Rep Top. etc. | Quality Good. Right Prices. Send us your orders. MICHIGAN PEACHES NOW IN MARKET MOSELEY BROS. Jobbers of Fruits, Seeds, Beans and Potatoes 26, 28, 30, 32 Ottawa Street Grand Rapids, Michigan : F. CUTLER & SONS, Ionia, Mich. WHOLESALE DEALERS IN BUTTER, EGGS AND POULTRY, Write or wire for highest cash price f_ 0. b. your station. We remit promptly. Branch Houses. ESTABLISHED 1886. New York, 874 Washington st. State Savings Bank, Ionia. Brooklyn, 225 Market avenue. Dun’sor Bradstreet’s Agencies. GOSSSSSSSSSS000SO0H0S0SSS008SSSS0HSSSSSSO DOCCOOCS GRASS POULTRY, EGGS, ETC. SEED We handle everything in the line of Farm Prod- 5 uce and Field Seeds. Our “Shippers’ Guide,” or “Seed Manual” free on application. PRODUCE, FRUIT, References. ieee THE KELLY CO., oe Cleveland, Ohio. References: All mercantile agencies and Park National Bank. ee" WANTED: 1,000 Bushels White Rice Pop-Corn. : OOS ee Vinkemulder Company Jobbers of Fruits and Vegetables GCOOQQOO®DOO@© DCOQOQDOQO®DOODDOOOO® The Main Idea or object of this advertisement is to let you know we are in business, this kind of business, and induce you to write to us—send us your orders, perhaps. We’ll take chances on pleasing you so well that you will want to continue sending us your orders. We make right prices. We ship good goods. We want you to know it. You can have our weekly market forecast and price list for the asking. Peaches, Plums, Pears and Apples are now coming in fine. We can furnish from a bushel to a carload. | Grass, ». Ctc. ices. lichigan = pe ee 2 | DCOQOQDOQO®DOODDOOOO® WWLMMMOSOOMOOBHOOWE MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 138 WHOLESALE GROCERY TRADE. | Its Progress During the Past Seventeen Years. The subject suggested by the Trades- man, ‘‘ Progress of the Wholesale Gro- cery Business of Michigan During the Past Seventeen Years,’’ is so compre- hensive and extensive in its scope that the entire number of the paper might be devoted to it without exhausting its possibilities; but regard for other con- tributors requires that the article be confined and so it shall suffice only to illumine one or two of the corners of this many-sided question. Seventeen years is a long time and has seen the wholesale grocery business completely revolutionized, and at no other period in the history of this dis- tinctly American institution—for I be- lieve we are the only country in the orld with these advanced depots of distribution—has the change been so great. So swift has been the progress of events in this line of activity that figuring profits. Then the saving in time has proved a_ large consideration with the retailer, who buys closely and en deavors to keep his stock in shape without overloading. The growth and advancement of wholesale grocery houses in smaller cities has made it possible for the nearby dealer to buy anything he wants from them at prices quoted by the large institutions of New York or Chicago, save a few impor- tant cents per hundred on the freight, and have his goods delivered in a much shorter time. The equality system of distribution is no more a theory, but a well-tried system of distribution ac- cepted by both buyer and seller asa correct and practical plan. A notable factor in the progress of the wholesale grocery business in the past seventeen years is the traveling man. In times gone by the retailer visited the house or ordered by mail, which would now be most inconvenient considering the frequency with which his purchases are made. Now the house goes to him through its representative each week or so, and where it used to be difficult for him to keep posted and buv as he de- he who sleeps but for a single moment | sired, he now is flooded with informa- will find himself distanced and forgotten! tion by the eloquent and industrious by his one-time contemporaries. It has been said that the wholesale grocer is rapidly becoming merely a broker, or producers’ agent. This does not imply a surrender of standing or importance in the great chain of com- mercial life, but means that the whole- saler must conform to the modern idea of distribution; and, while we may all denounce the large combinations of capital as illegitimate commercial off- spring and deplore their growing mas- tery of the industrial situation, yet we can not argue them out of existence nor alter the inexorable commercial laws which have brought them into life. The past decade has seen the whole- sale grocery business localized. Retail- ers in this line of trade are buying as near home as possible. Many good rea- sons have been the cause of this. Freight rates have a share. in the change, for margins are so small for the retailer as well as the wholesaler that each unconsidered and supposedly in- significant item of the guvod old days has swelled to unheard-of importance in salesman who visits him so frequently. The distribution of goods through sales- men has grown enormously in the past and is growing daily in proportion to the total sales; and any house that is not careful in the selection of its repre- sentatives and does not keep’ them constantly at command of all informa- tion pertaining to the business, but re- lies on past reputation, is sure to be left in the race for commercial supremacy. The traveling salesman is the right arm of the wholesale grocery business more emphatically than he is in any other line. He keeps the retailer in touch with the producing and distributing factors of the world of commerce and represents the wholesaler more thoroughly than ever in the past and has become almost indis- pensable to the retailer. In conclusion I would say that the wholesale grocery business of Michigan is on a better and more substantial basis than ever before and, with a con- stantly increasing population, our pros- pects are eminently satisfactory. Wm. C. Phipps. 00000000 Abd baa ahaa GFUVUVUVVUVy MICHIGAN STATE 8g The State Fair begins its Second Half Century this year. provement of the industrial interests of Michigan and is, a FAIR therefore, worthy of public support. Every effort will be put forth this year to make the FIFTY-FIRST ANNUAL FAIR IN EVERY PARTICULAR We ask the readers of the Tradesman to give us their A SUCCESS help. Remember the dates, SEPTEMBER 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 w w HALF FARE ON ALL RAILROADS M. P. ANDERSON, President, L. J. RINDGE, Vice-President GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 90” It has been working for fifty years for the im- aahaooeoa> GUVVUVV Aes SaS FUVVUVvVvVvYy hbbobhb bh PUVUVuUvry Midland. Grand Rapids. C. W. YOUNG, Treas. EUGENE FIFIELD, Gen’! Supt. Paw Paw. Bay City. H. H. HINDS, Chief Marshal, I. H. BUTTERFIELD, Sec’y, Stanton. Agricultural College. Business Committee, EUGENE FIFIELD, H. H. HINDS and SEC’Y. ooreooee C0000 CCS gee ere anon 8a ae eer ROTTS A SARS age aR Oa MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Clothing Suggestions Pertinent to the Fall Term of School. September marks the beginning of the fall season. Already the chilliness of fall begins to be felt in the air, the people who have been on vacations are reappearing with bronzed faces from their summer outings, the notes of the school beil are heard again, and young- sters with tear-begrimed faces are seen making their reluctant journey school- wards. = + * Business again becomes active, fall stocks are being unpacked and made ready for shelves and windows, and the trimmer is preparing to put into exe- cution some of the schemes he has thought out during the idle summer days. Now is the time for him, if he has never done it before, to begin to keep a systematic account of his trims, their nature and general character and their general result in helping the sale of goods. By making such a record he keeps himself from getting into ruts, he is able to study the taste of the pa- trons of his establishment, and he is often enabled, at a pinch, to make up a rush trim from a combination of parts of old successful trims that is better than he would otherwise be able to put up. - + <= Of course, he has utilized the dull summer months in having old fixtures repaired and cleaned, in buying neces- Sary new window fixtures, and then tak- ing a careful inventory of the material with which he is to do his fall work. He has had window stands made, he has his ideas for fall mapped out and he is prepared with both ideas and ma- terials to do his share in the selling of goods. If he has not done these things, now is the time to do them, before the bustle and drive of fall trade make it impossible. eae ae As this is the time when pare ts are fitting out the children for school, trims of children’s clothing are partic- ularly useful and appropriate. An effective trim can be made by cover- ing the false backing of the window with a piece of black cloth framed like the ordinary school blackboard, with cray- ons in the trough and a low platform below. On the blackboard is printed in a scrawling childish hand the multipli- cation table, some simple exercise, or perhaps some reference to the goods on exhibition. Standing in a row before the blackboard are children dummies, dressed in school clothing, or a single figure, pencil in hand, is placed facing the blackhoard. The front of the win- dow is filled with children’s school clothing, placed on low Stands, with pricecards attached. Some childish caricature might be drawn on the black- board if a touch of humor were desired, and a small boy in a dunce’s cap placed prominently for. ard. Another treatment of the window might be had by representing a mother leading her little lad to school, equipped with new books and bag. The figures should be placed in the center of the window, with other children’s figures grouped about them, or surrounded by clothes variously displayed. Or, if fig - ures are not available, school books and materials could be depended on to give character to the trim. Ifa school desk could be had, one corner of the window could be occupied by a young student | quite a variety to the idea. seated and absorbed by his lesson. If shoes are kept in stock, good, stout school shoes for boys could be made a part of the trim. ee The opening of the school season will Suggest other ideas that can be made humorously or seriously appropriate as may be desired. School supplies given in connection with sales of children’s clothing are always attractive. —__» 0. — In line with the many mannish things that ladies are wearing, the snafile bit buckle is one of the newest. This is a belt buckle, reproducing in every detail the regulation bit used in driving, only, of course, on a small scale. The sev- eral patterns of bits are shown, giving These buckles are nickel-plated and highly polished, or of bright sterling silver. The consumption of ribbon to-day js greater than at any period in the ‘his. tory of the United States. While the jobbers are not buying much, preparing to reduce stock, which in every instance are large in staples, the retailers a|- most without exception are re-assorting to keep the ball rolling. For Filling in Make your fall line of Men’s Clothing complete. We have on hand, ready to ship on immediate notice, prac- tically complete lines of Men’s Suits and Overcoats. Our prices will please you. Bl leavenrich Bros By Voorhees Mito, Co, LANSING, MICH. We manufacture a full line of Jackets, Overalls and Brownie Overalls We make a specialty of mail order business and shall be pleased to send you samples and prices. We sell the trade direct and give you the benefit of the salesman’s salary and expenses. in one. our story is told We send our Large Sample Book on application. Fill out Blank and mail to us. The Adler | Reversible Vest Two Vests in One Have You Seen It? This is the greatest clothing success of the day; is made of suit fabric on one side, fancy vesting on the other, giving the wearer Two Vests combined Adler suits are equaled by no other make. Compare them with whatever line you handle and with Suits OnLy, retailing at $12.50 to $22.00 Samples on application. --=---Interested Dealers------ May have a complete line of samples. The Reversible Vest is sold David Adler & Sons Clothing Co, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Please send by prepaid express your fal! and winter book of samples. Oe Towa... Ne ne a Clothier or General Store. Bi se ae j ee ee -day is the = his- ‘hile the eparing instance ers al- ssorting Sy Men’s We ‘0 ship . prac- les of rcoats. € you. ® | ' f Sar abor x oe a; ? cotangent 1 seid S gone BCR AE =e MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 15 WALL FINISHES. Wherein They Are to be Preferred to Wall Paper. The subject of proper coatings or coverings for walls and ceilings isa much more important one than the aver- age householder, either landlord or ten- ant, usually considers it to be. That walls otherwise good may be practically spoiled by the use of cheap temporary kalsomines, stuck on with glue, is an admitted fact, to which many walls both in public buildings and private residences, with their rubbing and scaling surfaces, are silent wit- nesses. Walls once in this condition can only be remedied by washing and scrap- ing. The washing is usually only par- tially done, particles of the old mate- rial remaining to cause subsequent coats to quickly scale off. If scraped, the process of scraping usually disfigures the walls with seams and scratches so that they are never in perfect condition A still more serious side of the ques- tion is the menace to health, particular- ly of women and children, who spend so much of their time indoors, from the use of poisonous and unsanitary wall coatings. The question of a durable and at the same time a sanitary cover- ing that will produce a variety of beau- tiful effects, thus adapting itself to the manipulations of the artist and the pocket book of the party having the work done either plainly or extrav- agantly, is of much importance to all. As to the sanitary feature of the question, many of the most eminent sanitarians throughout the country have been vigor- ous in their denunciations of the quite prevalent practice of applying repeated layers of paper one over the other, with an intervening layer of paste, and in many cases poison used in the manu- facture of paper, as well as the stopping of wall respiration, as Professor Kedzie calls it, which he claims to be so nec- essary to the healthy wall. Dr. DeWolfe, at one time health officer of Chicago, brands it as a nasty practice. Next to this practice, the habit of us- ing a common kalsomine, stuck on the walls with glue, comes in for its share of condemnation. Lime whitewash is considered far preferable to either of the methods suggested above, but is open to the serious objection of scaling off, although sanitary in its nature. With this statement of what should not be used on walis and ceilings, the question seems very pertinent: What can we use with safety? The answer is this: If wall paper, under no circumstances apply one coat over the other, or never apply a new coat until the old one has been removed and the walls carefully washed. Do not use a wail paper which contains pois- onous material in its composition or coloring. The question that arises as to how the purchaser is to determine this is not an easy one to answer, for the reason that poison is not peculiar to any particular grade or colored paper, and it would seem as though that was a chance al] must take who are not able to submit samples for a chemical an- alysis. If a wall coating is to be used, by all means use one that is durable and _ san- itary, of which there are such. In this connection a brief history of the wall coating business may be of in- terest. Twenty-five or thirty years ago and prior to the advent on the market of Johnson’s dry-sized kalsomine—a whiting and glue kalsomine put up in dry form ready for use by mixing with water—no material of this nature and in this form had been sold as an article of commerce. Being the pioneer in a ready prepared mixture of this nature, Johnson soon secured a large trade and sold those goods not only at home but abroad. Later came the organization of the Alabastine Co. and the manufacture of ready for use by mixing with water, but of an entirely different nature, being—as claimed by the manufacturers—a dur- able coating made from a base of itseif, a cement and not at all dependent on glue for a binder. The merits of these goods being well advertised, Alabastine at once came largely into the market and from that time until the present has practically monopolized the trade for ready prepared goods. Many changes and improvements have been made in the goods within the last quarter of a century and many competitors in the line have sprung up. The Diamond Wall Finish Co. was Frank L. Noble about 1883. somine Co. was organized, all of which are doing more or less business, so that Grand Rapids may well be considered the wall coating city. For cheap, ready prepared kalso- mines, there are many manufactured, but no material can be accepted as dur- able until it has established its claim by years of actual test on the market and on walls and ceilings. Then, and only then, can-such a material demon- strate that it is worthy to enter the cate- gory of eminently proper wall coatings and be conscientiously recommended to consumers who want the best there is in the line. James L. Hamilton. Whitney, Christenson & Bullock Clothing Manufacturers Chicago, Ill. I will be at Sweet’s Hotel, place orders. things. Ss. T. BOWEN. Alabastine, similarly put up, which is Grand Rapids, during the State Fair with the Whitney, Christenson & Bullock cele- brated line of Suits, Pants, Overcoats and Ulsters and will be pleased to meet all my customers who may be in town. Expenses allowed all customers who Prices reduced on many 1 | | | organized by the late Freeman Godfrey, | and their associates ; A little later the Anti-Kal- | 1 | The National Safe and Lock Go. Manufacturers of Fire and Burglar-Proof safes, Vault doors, Safety ‘deposit boxes, etc., etc. Write us for cuts of our $35 and $45 Safes, or anything else that you may desire, and see what we can do for you. Our prices make it expensive for you to buy elsewhere. 129 Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Mich. Walter Baker & Go, Ltd. DORCHESTER, MASS. The Oldest and Largest Manufacturers of Trade-Mark. ON THIS CONTINENT. Their preparations are put up in conformity to the Pure-Food Laws of all the States. Grocers will find them in the long run the most profitable to handle, as they are absolutely pure and of uniform quality. The above trade-mark on every package. Walter Baker & Co. Ltd. fistablished 1780. DORCHESTER, MASS. Butter Wanted I will pay spot cash on receipt of goods for all grades of butter, including packing stock. C. H. Libby, 98 South Division Street, Grand Rapids, Mich. he : : ee 16 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN BANKING INTERESTS. Marvelous Increase in Number of Banks and Capital Employed. At the commencement of the Civil War, less than forty years ago, Michi- gan had but four banking corporations. These four banks had altogether a cap- ital of less than $500,000 and deposits of about an equal amount. The State was largely dependent upon other states and Canada for its circulating medium, as well as for the capital necessary to carry on business. To-day, after a lapse of less than four detades, the State can boast of 275 chartered banks, having a combined capital and surplus of $30, 602,630 and deposits amounting to the very large sum of $152,920,000. These figures are of such magnitude that even in this day of fabulous sums we fail to really appreciate all that they indicate. We doubtless realize that there has been great progress in all departments of in- dustry and that wealth has rapidly in- creased, but when the money in the hands of the people multiplies so enor- mously we find ourselves without the ability to comprehend all of its signifi- cance. Much the greater portion of this accumulation has come into the posses- sion of our citizens during the last half of the period referred to. In this brief article I desire only to call the attention of your readers to the remarkable progress that has been made in monetary conditions since you, in a modest, unassuming manner, placed before the people of Michigan the first number of the Tradesman. You doubt- less entered upon the work of issuing such a publication with considerable ap- prehension, as you were entering upon a comparatively new field. The enterprise then undertaken has proved to be a val- uable one, I trust, for the interests of the publishers, as I am confident it has been to the business interests of the State. In 1883, the year of your first issue, there were in Michigan one hundred and nineteen banks chartered and do- ing business under the State and Na- tional laws. The combined capital and surplus of these banks amounted to $18,601,000. The deposits held by them at that time were $47,375,910. This in- crease from almost zero in twenty years seemed to us at the time large and highly encouraging. We had passed through a Civil War covering a period of four years and through the panic of 1873 and the succeeding years of great depression. No wonder the State felt that it had cause for congratulation at that time. But looking over the later period covered by your history, we are strongly reminded of the fact that ac- cumulations of property in its many forms comes to a State in proportion to the character and quality of its natural resources, as well as the intelligence and probity of its citizenship. I know of no State in all of our wide domain pos- sessing such a-diversity of natural re- sources and, while a large share of these resources has gone to enrich other States, especially during the last twenty years, our own people have not only been able to produce wealth from our soil, forests and mines, but to retain it also, otherwise it could not be.that the surplus represented in our savings banks and also in the commercial banks would, as it does, show an increase in seventeen years of over one hundred millions of dollars. The exact figures taken from the official reports of 1900 are as follows: 1900, capital and surplus, $30,602,630, an increase of $12,001,630. 1883, deposits, $47, 375,910. 1900, deposits, $152,920, 500. This shows an increase during the last seventeen years of $105,544,590._ It would be quite impossible for anyone to designate all the factors that have caused this enormous increase of money now possessed by our people; still more impossible is it to realize the change wrought in the real condition of the av- erage family and community—the snug home, the ability to travel, to have hooks and enjoy the thousand and one things which go to make up a happy, peaceful and contented people. It is undoubtedly a fact that there is no State in the Union where there are so few rented farms, where so many of those engaged in our varied industries own and occupy their homes. Certainly this is true of the city where you have made your history. Michigan stands among more than five times the balance in our favor during one hundred and six years —from 1790 to 1896. In 1880 the total money in circulation was $973,382,000; in 1899 it had in creased to $1,904,071,000, or nearly double in Jess than twenty years. The increase of deposits seems still more wonderful; the deposits of the savings banks in 1880 were $819, 106,000; in 1899 the same class of deposits had increased to $2, 230, 366,000, or a sum greater than is held by the savings institutions of Great Britain, Germany, Russia, France and Italy combined. This fabulous in- crease of more than fourteen hundred millions of dollars has come to the thrifty, saving people of this country in less than twenty years and is laid away for a ‘‘rainy day.’’ The number of depositors in the sav- ings bank of the country in 1880 was 2,335,582; in 1899 there was 5,687,818 —an average of $357 in 1880 for each the first in the character of its popula- | tion, its schools, its eleemosynary insti- | tutions, its business enterprises and re- ligious activities. To be one of the factors in the development of such a State has been the privilege, as it has been the aim, of the Michigan Trades- man. We have just witnessed the close of a marvelous year in our foreign trade. One year ago we rejoiced exceedingly when the value of our exports reached $1,227,000,000. We were more than happy in 1897 when, after a long and trying period of business depression, the exports reached the sum of $1,000,- 000,000, but the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, makes a still higher record, for the exports stand at $1, 400, 000, 000, while during the last six months over eight hundred new banks have been or- ganized. The aggregate balances of the last four years show a balance in our 1883, capital and surplus, $18,601,000. foreign trade of $1,980,000,000, which is depositor and $392 for each depositor in 1899. The State, as well as the Nation, was never more favored than now; its peo- ple were never so intelligent nor so gen- erally prosperous. Harvey J. Hollister. —> +> ___ There are a great many things that are necessary to be done in a retail store that can best be performed early in the morning before the customers begin to come in. For this reason, although I do not advocate that stores should open for business earlier than the usual hour, still it is well to insist that all the em- ployes be very prompt in getting there at the appointed time and immediately get to work. —_—_>0.___ The asphalt beds of Utah are said to be worth a cool billion dollars. They cover an area of 10,000 acres and are 100 feet deep. THE ALABASTINE Cow. PANY, in addition to their world-renowned wall coat- ing, ALABASTINE through their Plaster Sales Department, now manufac. ture and sell at lowest prices, in paper or wood, in carlots or less, the following prod- ucts: Plasticon The long established wall plaster formerly manufac- tured and marketed by the American Mortar Company. (Sold with or witkout sand. ) N. P. Brand of Stucco The brand specified after competitive tests and used by the Commissioners for all the World’s Fair statuary. Bug Finish The effective Potato Bug Exterminator. Land Plaster Finely ground and of supe- rior quality. For lowest prices address Alabastine Company, Plaster Sales Department Grand Rapids, Mich. MmZ—-AON>SOSry> It Surely Pays to -——— GE Mel ALGHLAM, UNIVERSITY 7 se The Proof: 310 Students of this popular school have accepted and are hold- ing paying positions since Janu- ary, 1898. se We occupy 9,000 square feet of floor space entirely devoted to Commercial and Shorthand sub- jects. Beautiful Rooms, Best Teachers, Best Methods, Best Re- sults, Largest School. Handsome catalogues free. se D. McLachlan & Co., 19-25 So. Division St., Grand Rapids, Michigan. a RLAMWMAN AR AAAN ARAL ANAN ARAL AN nn wn UA ZT I) 1 SON a eee oe ae se Oe Ler Dery ry Gory ary 2b ae eens : Com- O their ] coat- INE r Sales anufac- prices, Carlots - prod- d wall inufac- by the npany. sand. ) UCCO | after 1 used for all ary. » Bug supe- ress hy, ent Mich. yular 10ld- anu- >t of sub- Best MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 17 We will be at the State Fair at Grand Rapids with the following lines: Smalley line of feed and ensilage cutters, Lehr line of culti- vators and land rollers, Lansing wagons and buggies, and our new line of 5-tooth cultiva-- tors. We should be pleased to meet all dealers in the State. Yours respectfully, THE CENTRAL IMPLEMENT CO. Lansing, Mich. Our Vinegar to be an ABSOLUTELY PURE APPLE JUICE VIN- EGAR. To anyone who will analyze it and find any deleterious acids, or anything that is not produced from the apple, we will forfeit ONE mel We also guarantee it to be of full strength as required by law. We will prosecute any person found using our packages for cider or vinegar without first removing all traces of our brands therefrom. Cohan Cee t Cn gg or Co Benton Harbor, Michigan. J. ROBINSON, Manager. See Quotations in Price Current Jennings Flavoring Extract Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 33333393333333333I323533332E SECEESESESE SESE SESE EECSE SESE We Will Not Cheapen Our Vinegar by impairing the qual- ity. One standard — the best—all the time. Equal to any and bet- ter than the majority § of the vinegars offered you to-day. GENESEE FRUIT CO., Makers, Lansing, Mich. 33333332 ¢ CECECESCESEEEECEEE CECE CCEE A RR HA A CED La SE REST oe ep yt et ETE ee ee OH Be * . ron Ty a trtrt) a) CX Fri) Store and House Lighting a 7 For the perfect and economical lighting of dwellings as well as stores The Imperial Gas Lamp fills the bill. It is also safe, being approved by In- surance Boards. The Imperial burns common stove gasoline, gives a 100 candle power light and is a steady, briliant light, with no odor and no smoke. Every lamp is fully guaran- teed, and it is made in various styles The Imperial Gas Lamp makes the ideal suitable for different purposes. light for Lodge Rooms, because it can be burned as low as desired; does not smoke, and is perfectly safe. Write for Illustrated Catalogue. THE IMPERIAL GAS LAMP CO. 132 & 134 East Lake St., Chicago, Ill. —<<_i> —— _— } ——? — —2 — — —_<=g> ——7 —_ —» — ——2 — —2 ~ Ni The Guarantee of Purity and Quality in Baked Goods. Found on every pack- age of our goods. Good goods create a demand for them- selves. It is not so much what you make on one pound. It’s what you make in the year. = National Biscuit Co. —s Grand Rapids, Mich. SAlddidiisdsibAsdisine SETPHETETETENENET TATE TE TT Mb db abababdadsdbedadaded da dd 18 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN THE AMERICAN MILLER. Undoubted Chief of all the World’s Food Providers. You may safely accept this to be a fact, for it has been proven so on many a hotly contested field in the world’s great flour markets: That, given entry duty free into any country on the face of the earth, the American miller can suc- cessfully meet and eventually overcome any competition of whatever kind, from whatever source, he may find there. No market is an impossible one to the American flour maker unlesz he be shut out from it by a prohibitory tariff. Geography and distance make no differ- ence whatever. Modern transportation methods have made the whole commer- cial world the kingdom of the man who dares. Given the consumption of a product at one point, the supply at an- other, and if the tonnage be sufficient to make it worth while, the carrier can and will make the connecting rate. It is all a question of tonnage. If enough freight is offered, no man can yet tell how cheap it is possible for a railway to haul it. The American miller’s strength lies in these facts: That, of all the world’s flour makers, he can make better flour cheaper than anyone else; he can make it in larger quantities than anyone else, and his carriers can handle it for less money. He makes the best flour; he makes it more economically ; he handles and sells it to the best advantage, and he is accustomed to large transactions of an international character. Of all the world’s food providers, therefore, the American miller is to-day the undoubted chief. Givena free market, and no arbitrary or artificial discrimination, and he can vanquish distance, climb moun- tains, ford streams, traverse plains, cross oceans, meet prejudices, over- come customs, and by virtue of the in- trinsic merit and cheapness of the food he offers and his own enterprise, lay it down anywhere on earth, and fairly beat the local miller in his own field. Every bag of wheat flour which is eaten by the citizen of a foreign land and which has not been made in an American mill represents a loss to the consumer. The American miller will not accom- plish his full destiny in the world’s economy of things until every bushel of wheat raised in the United States is ground into flour before it leaves our shores. This would speedily come about if the carriers did not discriminate in rates against the manufactured product and in favor of the raw material to the extent they do. Every bushel of unground wheat ex- ported from the United States stands for a wasted opportunity, and represents a loss to the farmer, the miller, the car- rier and the consumer. Yet it is diffi- cult to convince either the carriers or our own Government of this fact. The carriers, by giving cheaper rates to wheat than to flour, help the precious raw material to escape from us before we have utilized it tothe nation’s best advantage, and give our competitors the best club they possess—cheap American wheat with which to fight us in their markets. The Government seems blissfully un- conscious of the fact that it makes a vast difference whether, like partially developed countries, such as_ Russia and Argentine, we allow our wheat to escape us unground, or, as a fully de- veloped country should, we turn it into flour ourselves, thereby getting from the crop its maximum profit. This is mani- fest in the many treaties made whereby wheat is taken free and flour is barred out by prohibitory tariffs. ‘There is hard- ly an United States consul who will not fatuously congratulate himself on the imports of American wheat into his dis- trict, ignoring the flour trade entirely, and failing to realize that the purchases of our wheat mean, not development of, but actual loss to this nation. Wheat exports itself. Any country made capa- ble by nature of raising the cereal can sell it abroad, but it takes brains, and energy, and progressiveness, and capi- tal, and labor to make and export flour, and the country doing so is reaping the full benefit of the industry of its peo- ple. The late James G. Blaine was ap- parently the only Secretary of State we ever had who was astute enough to_rec- ognize the difference to this country between the mere export of wheat and the export of the products of wheat. He showed this appreciation in every com- mercial treaty made during his adminis- | tration. How does this affect the Oriental! flour trade? To this very great extent: That if our Government will cease to content itself with advancing the export of wheat and will rather encourage and aid the export of flour; if our carriers will not take our wheat to the Orient at a rate less than our flour,and will give the American miller a fair chance to manu- facture for the Asiatics, we will build up an enormous Oriental trade, other- wise, we may merely act as a storehouse for raw material,and only sell the wheat which will be ground into flour else- where to our loss. As to the demand for flour which the future is to bring from the Orient there is no doubt. It is rather a question whether this flour is to be made here or by the Asiatic mill of the future: This depends on the policy of the carrier and the attitude and in- fluence of the Government. I believe, however, that we are too enlightened a nation to allow this grand opportunity to escape us. I am an opti- mist as to the future of the American miller, and I believe that he will realize to the fullest extent the benefits of our country’s closer commercial relations with the Orient, and that, if he has half a chance, he wiil allow no other miller on earth to take from him this new trade which is just beginning to develop. That problematical and long-expected person, the Siberian miller, will, if he appears at all, come into the Asiatic trade long after the American has ex- ploited the market. Unless the carriers, by a continuation of the stupid and short-sighted policy which they are now pursuing toward the American flour ex- porter in discriminating against flour and in favor of wheat for export to Europe, should insist, in the matter of Oriental trade, in giving the Chinese miller of the future a very great advan- tage over his American competitor, the miller on the spot will have no show whatever against the miller who grinds close to the source of supply. Asiatic flour mills, for many reasons unneces- sary to state, can not hope to compete with American mills unless heavily sub- sidized by tyeir governments or helped to cheaper raw material by the discrim- inating carrier. It seems improbable that either advantage will ever be given them. Hence, for all that can be seén to the contrary, this new field lies before the American miller to be occupied by him if he has the necessary energy and courage to do so. The first question is, does the Asiatic demand for flour really exist? The sec- ond, who in the future is to develop and supply it? In 1893, the Northwestern Miller and a then well-known Dakota flour mill sent an experienced man to Japan and China for the purpose of looking into the flour trade. For the mill, he was to establish practical buying connections, if possible; for the Northwestern Mil- ler, he was instructed to simply bring an answer to this question, ‘‘Will it pay a Chinaman to sell his rice and buy American flour?’’ The messenger re- turned after a trip of five months. He did some business for the mill, and the answer he brought to the Northwestern Miller was that American flour would cost the Chinaman but half as much as rice. He said, ‘‘The matter of economy alone furnishes a_ strong incentive for the Chinese to use American flour.’’ Of course, there were difficulties in the way, but that the trade was there await- ing development and encouragement there could be no doubt. At that time the one important factor entering into the question was the cost of transporta- tion from the point of manufacture to the Pacific coast. He predicted a great and growing flour trade with Asia, and believed that the large Minnesota mills could share in it if they cared to put forth the necessary effort. Since then the Asiatic flour trade has more than doubled, showing the soundness of his prophecy ; but, as yet, the mills of Min- nesota have not made any serious move to obtain a share of it. Here, in round numbers, are the fig- ures given by the Government showing the exports of wheat flour, in barrels, to Hong-Kong, other Asiatic ports and Japan: CRE ge 408,000 CN es aaa 0 eee 553,000 Te a 597,000 Ce 520,000 ee Ae 631,000 Ce ee 698,000 Ce ee ee 958,009 AE TR Ee in en ge ELC en gE 1,004,C00 CE ay 1,235,000 CER a 1,172,000 i i le 1.650,000 In ten years this trade has increased about fourfold, and yet these figures, large as they seem, are nothing com- pared to what they will be when the market is properly and fully developed, or even when it is as partially exploited as our present European flour market. These figures merely demonstrate that the Asiatic is a consumer of American flour; that it pavs him to eat it, and that, even to the crude rudimentary efforts already made, he is responding with marvelous alacrity. Exception may be taken to my _ char- acterization of these efforts as crude and rudimentary. They certainly are such, however, compared to the work done by American millers in British and continental markets, where they have successfully fought, not only inferior food, but the intelligent and advanced competition of foreign millers. Evidently the demand for flour in Asia does exist and is growing; the fig- ures show it. The question as to who will in the future develop and supply it is still to be answered. Originally California had a monopoly of the Chinese flour market. As long as this was so, as the export figures show, the trade was of moderate amount. When the mills of Oregon and Washing- ton entered the field the figures began to grow. We were told ten years ago that the Chinese flour trade was limited at best ; that a few San Francisco mills, after assiduous, patient and very expensive cultivation, had secured all there was of it, and, in short, that it was hardly worth going after. Many millers were quite content to accept these statements at par and let it go at that, but the millers of Oregon had a mind to find an outlet for their product in China, and 4 4 4” a , 7 ® y -« ¢ p+ “ % \ ~ rl = ri 4 >| i > | » iy 4 o| ¢f | ri ~~ y : ow a p| “« . | a4 3 e < y > 4. 4 4” a , wf p ? -« ¢ 4 4 & r & \ s rl = > ~ 7” > ~ 4 P| | = | ri: y ( y pi \ 4 $ & a y MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 19 in want of Wrapping Paper, Twine, Woodenware, Chimneys, Stationery and School Supplies KALAMAZOO, MICH Let us quote you prices when STAR PAPER COMPANY of railroad and if you will drop She SD Be De De De De De De De De De Se de de Dede de eee Plain and Fancy Flower Pots, opécial Jardiniéré Pots, HIS is the season to sell Flower Pots. we have them at the right prices. in every particular. lower freight rate than any other factory in the country. spectfully solicit a trial order and will be pleased to mail catalogue RRRCRRCRRRRRRRER SRRDARARARAARAEAD 2 lonia Powery 60. € Manufacturers of Lawn and Hanging Vases. To the Retail Merchants : You want them and Our goods are first class We are centrally located on two main lines can furnish Michigan trade in shorter time and at We re- us a card. lonia Pottery 60. lonia, Mich. RRRRRRRR eR REIRRARAE R T send free a solid nickeled case, R FREE! GIVEN AWAY! DETAILED SELF-ADDING SOLID NICKEL CASE CASH REGISTER O THE TRADE: With 1,000 of our best 5-cent cigars at $39.00 per M , we _ will Detailed Self-Adding Cash egister, equal to registers heretofore sold for $175 and up- ward. T Weight, 85 Ibs. lets displ: ay from both front and rear. highly polished inside. machine are the best that can be produced. five years. with a key ina moment’s time. SI have two styles of keyboards. if na Do not be influenced by agents of high priced registers, but send for one of our —— and 1,000 Cigars at $30. nd judge for yourself, and if register is not equal to the best in style, fit ahing is as represented. OUR GUARANTEE To any responsible merchant in the United States we will ship both register and cigars on seven days’ trial. If the cigars are not satisfactory or you do not consider the register equal to any that the National Cash Register Co., of Dayton, Ohio, sells for $175, you can return both register and cigars to us. Remember $39 includes both the cash register and ‘cigars. Why pay $175 for a cash register when you can get one free? Sign and return the order blank and the goods will go promptly forward on seven days’ trial. The ‘‘World” is cov- ered by five U.S. patents. It does not infringe on other patents. We protect users against infringement by our written guarantee. We are responsible. H: ave been in business here for 15 years. Rated i in Brad- street’s Mercantile Agency at $50,000, and refer you to any bank or business house in this city. Don’t buy or accept as a premium any cash register until you have tried ours seven days. Don’t pay five times the value of a Cash Register, when you can get one equal to the best FREE with 1,000 of our Best 5c Cigars, which are sent on approval, to be returned if you do not consider them equal to any 5c Cigar on the market, as per terms of guarantee. Yours respectfuily, he Cigars are Equal to Any 5-Cent Cigar on the Market. Terms: Description of Cash Register. Size, 21 inches high, 17 inches deep and 19 30 days, less 2 per cent. 10 days. inches wide. Solid nickel case of handsome design. Tab- The money drawer is Both the exterior and interior of this Warranted for All the work is done on wheels, and it sets to zero The tablets are large and con- picuous—a black figure on a white enameled background. We When ordering please state you use penny keys or whether 5 cents is the lowest denomi- ation you use. This is a Stupendous Offer, and Many Who Read This Advertisement will be Incredulous. Then compare nish and quality, return itto us. Weassure you that every- DETROIT TOBACCO CO., Detroit, Mich. ORDER BLANK Detroit Tobacco Co., Detroit, Mich. Ship as soon as possible $19.50 30 days 1,000 cigars at $39 per thousand, 19.50 60 days including one cash register _ 830.00 If goods do not suit, agree to return same to you on or before seven days from date they are received from transportation company. If goods are retained after above mentioned time, it shall constitute the ac- ceptance of same, and I will remit as per above terms. Signature of purchaser, Terms: County Sebucriptions taken for all G. A. BAAS, DRUGS, PATENT MEDICINES, WALL PAPER, Paints, Oils, Glass, Books, Stationery, Periodicals, Etc., and PERIODICALS. ~-- > Giu le} ele Dl, Pea A~ brea Wy, eet 9 i May 24 oo 2p uk Mpc Ke gies ae: 4G oak. oo eee Bee > ae cogats ALE ee furtka eee lk e, Caer acu. i aia toofor~ J Crrirce whe a Phen re ue ag, fae eS CE tt ecacl~_, ss Loew aw low [ee € FO Cicer yp 8 7 - De gic Ce lofpewee Th. ae ae caw Fogle ec tus Mh ae yO Dae A a or Zt a Maleousd ee % anata, LU ine tte seta ies Th prec ~~ aa a Aa BE D snanled... ee a, reese s Vrehing Yor © BEATZ We have on file Hundreds of letters etl to the above from every State in the Union. ga To-Day Jae. on x. C4 te tit Lie FILL OUT AND SEND THE ORDER BLANK. a 20 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 4 the returns demonstrate that they were right in not accepting fairy tales for facts. For developing an export flour trade, there is nothing to be compared to spirited competition. We are now told that there is no money in the Oriental flour trade; that its extent is greatly overestimated ; that Eastern mills are for some unknown reason debarred from entering it, and that only Pacific coast millers can ever expect to control it. Many millers, averse to effort in new channels and yielding to conservatism of mind, are quite willing to accept this statement and to continue, as of old, to fight their trade battles in familiar fields, such as New York, New England and Great Britain, where competition is keen and fierce and never ending. ‘‘The sloth- ful man saith, ‘There is a lion in the way.’ ”’ In China and Japan there awaits the awakening an enormous business in this line. What has been done is merely prospecting in a rich mine—the surface indication of what lies below. Who is to inherit it? What millers to come are going to make their shipments by train load to feed the people of Asia, even as those of to-day send their flour to Eng- land, Scotland, Ireland, Holland and other countries across the Atlantic? I do not believe that the Pacific coast mills are destined long to control it. If the Minnesota and Dakota mills do not take advantage of this oppor- tunity, I verily believe that still further north, across the Canadian border, there will come into being flour mills which shall base their great development on the Asiatic trade which they seized at the right moment, even as Minneapolis bases her milling supremacy on the British export trade which she began to cultivate some twenty odd years ago. Governor Washburn, the founder of the Washburn-Crosby plant, was gifted with prophetic vision when he told Mr. Dunwoody in 1877 that if he could start the English people to eating our flour, mills would rise on the Falls of old St. Anthony in comparison with which the greatest mill of that time would seem insignificant. Mr. Dunwoody went to England. He was told to sell his flour in New York and have it resold thence to London; and that Minneapolis was | too far inland to ever do a direct ex- port business. In the face of great dis- couragement he persisted, and he lives to see Governor Washburn’s prophecy realized and his own efforts to introduce Minneapolis flour abroad fully re- warded. At that time, the mills of the Atlantic coast did an export business,; cae aa but to develop and expand it to its pres- | peat the onipet Sah sont ty ent importance it required the restless | energy, the great capacity and the resist- less force of a newly created milling center in what was then the Far West. If it had been left to the Atlantic coast mills to exploit the export flour trade with Europe, it would never have reached its present magnitude. To me the Asiatic flour trade presents an analogous case. The easy and nat- ural way to supply it is to rely on the Pacific coast mills; but international trade is developed by overcoming dis- advantages, by substituting the artificial for the natural, by the attrition of com- petition. It is men, and not favorable and convenient natural location, that make great changes in the commerce of nations. William C. Edgar. pe New York produce dealers complain that the receipts of apples are far too heavy for that market. FELT BOOT MANUFACTURE. Only Two of the Original Factories Still in Existence. We wish to congratulate you on your eighteenth anniversary and wish you a continuation of prosperity. We have watched the growth of your paper from year to year and believe you are wide awake and up tothe times. Your in- terest in the welfare of the community is appreciated, we believe, and our judgment is based upon your growth and su cess. The felt boot industry is one of which not much is known or that can be writ- ten about, hecause plants are so few in this line that they do not create many enquiries or much interest. The local company here is the oldest and largest one in this country and was the first to manufacture these goods in the United States to any great extent. To give you an idea of the growth of the busi- ness, we would sav that during the past the farmers. To-day 85 per cent. is sold among the farmers and 15 per cent. in the lumber country. The material used in felt boots twenty years ago was raised almost entirely in Colorado and New Mexico. To-day 75 per cent. of it comes from Russia and the East Indias and the other 25 per cent. from the States above named. The quality of wool that was used in 1880 is to-day from 4 to 5 cents per pound cheaper than it was then and is to-day worth only about 2 to 3 cents per pound more than it was when we had free wool, so that a farmer who Is to- day raising wool and wearing our boots is buying them now for less than half what he was paying twenty years ago. On that basis a farmer who should sell all his wool to the wool bootmaker and spend his money for wool boots is better off to-day than he was at that time. Our goods are sold to-day about as cheap as they were when there was no duty on as large as it was twenty years ago and the number of hands required to make 300 cases of boots per day is no more than was required at that time to make one hundred. The process of manufac- turing has kept pace, we think, with nearly every other industry as to the line of improvement, for the felt boot that was manufactured twenty years ago, although made of the same grade of wool, could not be sold to-day in com- petition with the improved product which experience has enabled the manu- facturers to produce, because the crude manner in which it was produced at that time would bar it out of the market at present. It takes three cases of boots to-day to bring as much money as one case brought twenty years ago and these goods are more Satisfactory than they were then. At that time nearly all the felt boots manufactured were sold to lumbermen and were little known among |wool and the farmer is getting 3 cents per pound more for it; that is, for the stock we use. Wool boots have been used for a great number of years in Russia and were known there long before they were ever heard of here, but they were made mostly from hair and worn without rub- bers, which can be done where the snow is verv dry and the weather very cold; but a boot made from hair, when worn in a damp atmosphere, will hecome wet and, instead of being warm, is the re- verse. They were manufactured and sold in Canada several years before they were here. There have been many ups and downs in this line. Many men wish they had never seen or heard of a felt boot, for of all the concerns that have started in the manufacture of these goods in the past twenty years, there are but two of the original ones in existence to-day. There are really only three exclusive felt bootmakers in the United States and of those, two of them, including the one in this city, started twenty years ago. More than a dozen others have started up, but were wrecked from one cause or another and the ones that have continued in this line have had some- times a_ rocky road to travel, owing to competition from tottering concerns. Twenty years ago, when the business was first started here, very many people thought it was an affair that would con- tinue from three to five years and peo- ple would become tired of wearing them because they were very clumsy, but they were poor prophets, for there were sold last year, as nearly as we can estimate, inthe United States, seventy- five times as many goods as there were twenty years ago, and the farmers who mainly use them wear them for warmth and not for looks. We believe the fu- ture is just as bright in this line of business as the past has been. They are a cheap footwear. During the years 1893, 1894 and 1895, when nearly all kinds of business were dull and almost paralyzed, this industry was a good one. In 1893 the company here not only ran every day, but two-thirds of the year ran” from twelve to sixteen hours out of every twenty-four, and could not fill their orders, so we have no anxiety as to people not wanting them because they are not handsome. The amount of ma- terial, independent of the wool, required to make felt boots is known to but few people. For instance, our bill for oil, soap and leather in 1899 was about $25, 000. A carload of wool to-day will shrink, when washed and cleaned, so that 100 pounds will not net over sixty. Next week another carload of the same qual- ity from the same neighborhood may net 7o pounds of good wool out of the hun- dred, so that in manufacturing the felt bootmaker can not figure often in ad- vance within 5 or 6 percent. of what his goods are going to cost; and the nran who can strike it always right has never yet come to the surface of the wool in- dustry. The probability is that there is no line of business in which it is so hard to determine where you are going to land as the felt line. That is one reason why 75 per cent. of all the concerns that have started in the last twenty vears are to-day out of the market and the business all in the hands of three or four concerns. By con- stantly improving the machinery for manufacturing and thereby reducing the cost of the product, the business has been kept fairly profitable, yet we find at the end of twenty years the trade is taking on a peculiar phase: Some of the manufacturers of rubber boots and shoes are beginning to manufacture them in connection with their goods and sell them with their rubbers, consequently the felt bootmakers of this city are now about to manufacture rubber shoes and sell their felts with the rubbers, the same as the rubber companies are do- ing. In all probability, the felt boot industry, as an exclusive industry in one factory, is a thing of the past; anda man who would to-day engage in the manufacture of felt boots alone would be taking a great risk, because the leather jobbers now want to buy felt hoots and rubbers together, thereby saving the handling of double quantities of cases and many other annoyances that come from handling footwear from too many channels. Elbridge G. Studley. —___» ¢.____ St. Paul is the fourth largest tea im- porting point in the United States, ‘i ? MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Th ¥ 4 | | ry $ 2,350.00 $ + <€ g a ve IN ® -— ' 4 “ For th i " or the Grocers or their Clerks. ¢ . a a WATCH FOR OUR PRIZE COUPONS. a They are on every package of The H-O Co.'s Products. | é 3 Save these Coupons. Send them to us on April 2d, 1901. No Sooner, No Later. This Contest closes wi positively on April 15th, 1901, when the coupons will be counted and the prizes awarded. No coupons counted ‘ if received after April 15th. fy Points, Not Coupons, Decide the Winners. we. f, Coupons count either one or two points, as marked, the discrimination being made in favor of our more recent articles, as per the following list of : The H-O Products which shows the size and number of packages per case together with the coupon value per package: es a * . NAME COUPON VALUE | NAME COUPON VALUE 4 * Hominy, Granulated (24-3 Ib.), 1 | H-O Oatmeal (24-2 lb.), 1 Corn Meal (24-3 Ib.), ij ; : F f | Self-raising Flour (24-3 lb.), 1 Be" Corn Starch (36-1 lb.), - 4 2 | S ce , | Self-raising Flour (36-1% Ib.), I i Tapioca (36-1 Ib.), r - - 2 . ad Farina (36-1 1b.),- - J : i 2 | Buckwheat (24-3 lb.), 1 al Genuine Buckwheat (25-5 lb.),’ : 1 | Buckwheat (36-2 lb ), 1 > 4 Genuine Buckwheat (10-10 Ib.), I | Pancake Flour (36-2 Ib.), 1 Holgrane (Entire Wheat), (20 5 lb.), 2 | «Injun’’ Bread Flour (36-2 lb ), 2 a 12 Buckwheat-z lb. | Lo > Combination Cases~ 12 Pancake-2 lb. | ; - | 12 H O-2 lb. | Wheat, Rolled (36 Special), 1 + | » +>} THE PRIZES ARE AS FOLLOWS: 7 The one sending in coupons aggregating the | The next fifty, - . 4 a L $10 each , greatest number of points will receive - - $100 The next one hundred, - - - , ‘ $5 each La The next two, - - - - - - $50 each | The next two hundred, : : j : $2 each The next ten, ’ : - - - $25 each | The next five hundred, - - ‘ “ : $1 each “4 A Handsome 26-inch Umbrella 4 Ye will be awarded to each and every Grocer or Clerk sending in a total of 400 or more points whether he wins ra y i one of the other prizes or not. No more than one umbrella, however, will be given to any one individual, no 2 matter what his points may aggregate. + 4 Bear in mind this Contest Closes positively April 15th, 1901. “? | The H-O ism: Company, Buffalo, N. Y. sre Wace 22 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN RIVER IMPROVEMENT. Some Difficulties Which Have to be Over- come, i I take pleasure in complying with the request of the Michigan Tradesman to furnish for publication in the anniver- sary number a short article on the sub- ject of river improvement. The article is necessarily limited in its scope and | can but briefly refer to the usual meth- ods adopted for increasing the navig- able capacity of rivers. Water that falls upon the earth’s_ sur- face continues to obey the laws of grav- ity and flows along the lines of least re- sistance toward the lowest level that can be reached by it. When, owing to the configuration of the surface, the lines of least resistance unite, the flowing waters unite into a single stream; and as the process is extended and the area drained becomes greater, brooks, creeks and rivers are formed. The amount of water that flows in a stream depends primarily, therefore, upon the extent of the area drained, and upon the rainfall over that area. Ifthe surface of the area is relatively impervious to water and the slopes are steep, the effects of a sin- gle rainfall will be speedily apparent and the stream will pass rapidly through its stages of flood. If, on the other hand, the slopes are gentle and the soil absorbs a considerable proportion of the rain, the supply of water is received more gradually, the floods are less marked in intensity but longer in dura- tion and there is a more constant vol- ume of water in the stream. There- fore, the adaptability of a river-to nav- igation depends upon other conditions than the extent of its watershed and the amount of rainfall thereon, and it fre- quently happens that what isa large river at some periods of the year is an insignificant stream when its navigation would be desirable. Moreover, a large volume of water may flow perennially in a river and the river be unnavigable because of rapids, shoals or other ob- structions. In the great majority of cases rivers do not meet in their natural condition all the requirements of navi- gability. Nearly all are navigable in some sense, but few can float freight laden vessels of paying capacity until their natural condition has “been im- proved. The demands of commerce for cheap transportation of its commodities have developed extensive systems of im- provements on many rivers in this coun- try and abroad. A distinct branch of engineering has grown up in planning and executing these improvements; and although, asin all other engineering, success depends upon the correct under- standing of natural laws and the proper application of natural forces, no other branch offers so many difficulties and in none are the results more uncertain or disappointments more frequent. There are many sufficient reasons for this. In the first place, a river does not offer fixed conditions; the forces at work are variable; and the forces and their variations are subtle and difficult of determination. We may apply the precision of mathematics to the cons- truction of a bridge, but not to the im- provement of a river, which is some- times a quiet stream, lazily discharging its waters into the sea, and at other times a rapid and powerful torrent. Practically there is a new stream at every stage of the water. Again, no two-streams are exactly alike, and plans that have met with success elsewhere can not be confidently applied to a stream whose improvement is_ under- taken for the first time. It follows from these difficulties that the accomplish- ment of the desired result is usually a matter of many years, and all that can be done at first is to collect data as to the characteristics of the stream and _ to arrive at a definite plan of improve- ment by tentative processes. There is a well-known property of water in motion which is at once a prin- cipal cause of the shoals and sand bars that obstruct the navigation of rivers and a frequently applied means of their removal. This property is the power of eroding the surfaces with which the water comes in contact and of trans- porting the eroded material as sedi- ment. The power increases rapidly with the velocity of the flow, and when from any cause the velocity is dimin- ished, a prompt deposit of the overload occurs. Thus we find the narrow por- tions of a stream deep, and the wider portions obstructed by bars or shoals. It is an obvious expedient to contract the width of the stream where the shoals occur, and to endeavor to give it at all points the width corresponding to the depth of water it is the purpose to ob- tain. Systematic improvement of this character is called regulation, and has been adopted on many rivers. It is, of necessity, a slow and gradual process, for the contraction of the stream at one point disturbs the equilibrium of conditions at other points, and new irregularities are introduced. If the increased velocity which is caused by the contraction, and which in time pro- duces the desired erosion of the shoals, is checked at some point below, the surplus material carried in suspension is there deposited and a new shoal is formed. It is only after the stream has been systematically improved through- out its length, and its new banks have been protected from erosion, that a per- manent improvement can be established. Another condition which makes this method of improvement difficult and un- certain of success is the necessity of providing for the high water discharge of the stream. It is in the high water stages that most of the erosion occurs and the greatest amount of sediment is carried, and unless the low water chan- nel is fortunately located in the bed of the stream, it is liable to be disturbed and partially destroyed during every pe riod of flood. The contraction is accomplished by the construction of dikes of strength and durability determined by the necessities of the case. Where permanency is de- sired and the expense is justified by the conditions, stone is used, a_ suitable foundation being prepared, frequently of brush woven into mattresses, to pre- vent erosion and undermining When it is expected that filling will promptly occurr behind the dikes, a less durable and less expensive form of dike is often adopted, composed of timber piles driven into the bed of the stream, the construction being made sufficiently tight by weaving brush about the piles so as to form a vertical wall. There is a difference of opinion as to which of two methods of contracting the width of a stream is to be preferred: whether to build a continuous dike par- allel to the general course of the cur- rent and located along the line to which it is desired to bring the contraction, or to build a series of short dikes extend- ing from the shore to the same line and approximately perpendicular tothe axis of the stream. Advocates of the parallel system claim as its chief advantages that the desired contraction is produced at once and that the water is guided or trained into the desired channel with- out Causing cross-currents or other dis- turbances. On the other hand, it is claimed that the cross dikes are cheaper because they have a less average depth and a less aggregate length; that they will cause a deposit below them which will gradually build the shore line out to the desired position; and that if for any reason it may be desirable to change the amount of contraction first deter- mined upon,they can be cheaply length- ened or shortened; while under similar conditions the original longitudinal dike would have to be abandoned or destroyed and an entirely new one built. As a matter of fact, the two systems are usually combined in practice, the cross dikes being used for the sake of econ- omy when the conditions are such as _ to make their disadvantages of small ac- count. The difficulties attending the regula- tion of rivers, the slowness of the process, and in many cases the uncer- tainty of the ultimate result, have led to the development of an entirely differ- ent method of improving a stream. This method is known as canalization and consists in increasing the depths by raising the surface of the water instead of lowering the bottom. This is ac- complished by means of dams built be- low the shoal places, locks being pro- vided in the dams for the passage of vessels. The proper height and the most advantageous location of the dams, and the length of the pools formed above each dam, are matters of great im- portance that can be determined only after a thorough knowledge of the char- acteristics of the stream under improve- ment. When this method is practicable, it is positive in its effects, and the ben- efits of the improvement are made avail- able atonce. It is obviously limited, however, to streams with comparatively high banks, unless the expense of con- fining the pools by levees is justifiable. Originally, a serious objection to this method was found in the fact that the dams increased the liability to overflow and impeded the navigation of the river during periods of flood. This objection has been partially met by the invention of movable dams, which can be lowered when their effect is no longer desirable ; but the difficulties attending their con- struction and satisfactory operation still leave some weight to the objection. Much skill and ingenuity have been ex- ercised in designing movable dams that are automatic in their action, but suc- cess has been limited to dams of rela- tively short span. Canalization is the only method of improving streams that are obstructed by rapids or that have a very steep slope. As an accessory to both regulation and canalization, dredging is often ad- vantageously resorted to. By itself, dredging is usually only a temporary expedient, as the same causes that originally produced the shoals continue their operation. Ina stream that car- ries but iittle sediment, however, and in which the formation of shoals is a slow process, a channel once dredged out can be maintained at a small annual expense ; and in such a case it may be wise, from an economical standpoint to rely upon dredging for providing the desired improvement. As is well known by the readers of the Tradesman, the operations now in progress for the improvement of Grand River had their beginning as the result of a favorable report made by General Ludlow in 1892, upon a project to se- cure a channel of navigable width and a depth of ten feet from Grand Haven to Grand Rapids. The examination and survey upon which that report was based were thorough and exhaustive, and nothing has been developed in the prosecution of the improvement to date to bring the practicability of the project into question. The actual prosecution of the work has been hampered by the limited amounts of money that have thus far been available. The difficul- ties attending the judicious expenditure of $50,000 or: of $75,000 upon a river improvement which is estimated to cost $670,000, can be readily appreciated. Obviously no effort to secure the full depth of ten feet has been possible. The course adopted has been to work on a small scale, with the idea of secur- ing a channel which is to be gradually enlarged and deepened as funds become available. It can not be expected, how- ever, that the expenditure of one-fifth of the total cost of the improvement will accomplish a proportional amount of the work. Engineering at retail is expen- sive. The operations now in progress have for their immediate object to open a five foot channel from Grand Rapids to Grand Haven. The methods adopted are to remove byedredging all the ob- structions that reduce the available channel depths to less than five feet at extreme low water; and to assist in the maintenance of the dredged channels by means of longitudinal dikes. These dikes operate advantageously in two ways—they contract the width of the stream and they prevent the dredged material from finding its way back into the channel. I believe I can confident- ly state that the material deposited be- hind these dikes is there to stay, and to that extent, at least, progress is being made toward the ultimate goal. During the remainder of the present season, and during next season until the avail- able funds are exhausted, it is expected to work systematically down stream un- der the plan above mentioned. The spirit of prophecy is not upon me and the careful individual does not indulge in predictions. I can only say that I await the results with much interest. The value of a navigable channel ten feet deep from Grand Rapids to Lake Michigan is a question upon which the readers of the Tradesman have formed their own opinions. They know where they ship the products of their manu- facture or the commodities of their trade, and whence they receive their raw materials and stock. If shipments in either direction can be made by water, there will unquestionably be a large reduction in rates of freight. The whole advantage lies in that fact; and often that one advantage decides the lo- cation of large industrial enterprises, and determines the growth of a city. As an enigneering project, I believe the ten foot channel to be feasible; but the most sanguine temperament can hardly expect its speedy accomplish- ment except by a liberal supply of money. Chester Harding. aD Every young man starting out in busi- ness naturally desires to devote himself to that which will pay best. The most cursory examination of business insti- tutions reveals the fact that management is much better paid than performance. It shows that the director of affairs has a more lucrative position than any of the subordinates under him who execute his orders. The so-called business man, if, perchance, he is successful, makes the fortune that he aspires to, not alone by the detail work that he does, but rather by the skillful management with which he handles the men he employs. 4 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN SINS 4138055 S10003 Y gyn rh a ee Sy MN our business steadily each year since we started in trade a a re e et cig ay ae Te Ye Tea Soe a ae ee . id op ly eo oe di eC OE Oe Se panty ee ‘ fe eh ee IAIP IIE IO IO BVA VAY YVE LEELA VENA LE JUST 20 YEARS AGO Why ? y¥ as J Because our prices ARE RIGHT. Because our Goods ARE RIGHT. Because our Salesmen ARE RIGHT. Because our Methods ARE RIGHT. Because we ARE RIGHT. Because we treat our Trade RIGHT. Musselman Grocer Co. ay Nos. 19, 21 and 23 South lonia Street, . Mag Grand Rapids, Mich. Eye BYE “5 ISSO $1D008 ESERIES SB IRIE IRIE IE VA VE VEAL YELLE ELBE LE YELE ~ MICHIGAN TRADESMAN GOOD ROADS. How They Enhance the Interests of Mer- chants. If a bettered condition of country roads concerned only the farmer it might be considered out of place for the subject of ‘‘good roads’’ to be dwelt upon in a trade paper; but the growing interest in road improvement manifest in many states, notably in the East, has led to a combination of forces, resulting in better statutory provisions and more improved thoroughfares. People generally are beginning to realize that road-building is a public matter and that the best interests of ag- riculturists, merchants, in fact all classes, are enhanced by them. To ob- tain them there must be: first, good en- gineering skill in laying them out; sec- ond, better methods of construction and repair; third, revised and better exe- cuted laws. Therefore it is not surpris- ing that one who is in touch with 7,000 business men should invite a _ good roads advocate to write upon the sub- ject of good roads, with the hope that the readers may make the good roads movement prominent in their respective localities. Neither trade nor agriculture has as- sumed its proper proportions, largely for the reason that the avenues leading to the market from homes of the farm- ing community have been in an inferior condition. First, the lines were un- wisely chosen; second, they have been mismanaged and neglected and have not received the attention which even our present incomplete laws require—if the highway were passable the adjacent property owner has been fairly content, or the few more progressive in their ideas have been unable to stir up the indifferent or do away with the vicious method of ‘‘working out’’ the road tax. Miles of road in Michigan are no better to-day than they were twenty-five years ago. The annual road tax has been worked out—or perhaps ‘‘ played out’’— but somehow the swamp holes remain, sand beds are a little deeper, corduroys exist, distance to market has not been shortened, no larger loads are being conveyed over these modern thorough- fares than in early days, farm values have not increased along these high- ways, travel has decreased along par- ticular roads if better ones could be found within reasonable distance, and then both farmers and country dealers wonder that trade and traffic are so poor. Look, if you will, at other sections where road construction has received its just attention. There farms have in- creased in value, thrift is apparent on every hand, markets are more easily reached, immense loads of produce are easily conveyed to a distant market, teams are in good condition, market places are thriving, transportation is nominal. Results are, therefore, satis- factory, times good, both merchants and farmers accumulating simply because the highways are in a fit condition for conveying the largest loads. Is not cheap transportation the goal to be reached? Between the two cities, Ham- ilton and Toronto, a distance of forty miles, the merchants and manufacturers have established a freight wagon service in competition with railway rates, re- sulting in a saving of seven cents per hundred on freight carried. How rapidly upon the introduction of the railway do land values increase, largely because of the rapidity and economy in _transport- ing all products, and the introduction of good roads will operate in the same manner, even at less cost for the same than by rail. It is said that in France teamsters are competing with railways in dra ing goods two hundred miles over country roads. The greatest load which can be hauled over a road is the load which can be hauled through the deepest mud hole or up the steepest hill on that road. The cost of hauling is, therefore, neces- sarily increased in proportion to the roughness of the surface or steepness of the grade; then is it not economy to have the highways in the best possible condition? For an even distribution of wealth to the people of the state there is more in good roads than in any other proposition submitted. The defective laws relating to road construction and repair are becoming more apparent from the fact of such wonderful progress being made all around us. This working out of the highway tax is an ovsolete method in some portions of Canada. Eastern will go farther and say that positive failure in mercantile life as well as farm life is wholly traceable in many sections to bad roads. Thousands of dollars are being annually spent to ‘‘bring people to town’’ in methods where but few get the benefit, while a like amount spent in building good roads, that transportation may be cheapened, that ease to the animals and comfort to trav- elers might be increased, would result in ‘‘building up the town’’ immeasur- ably more. The farmers, too, are not the only men of one idea—the man behind the counter has the same defect, too often seeing no farther than the other side of his counter. He subsists upon the farm- er and doesn’t know enough to endow him with more abundant resources, that he himself may get a larger reward. Every business man in a community should, for his own future welfare, be- come an active promoter of good roads, States also are throwing the old method overboard and whenever and wherever the cash system is adopted better work by far is being done with one-half the labor assessment paid in cash. Not to the farmer alone should we appeal for an improved system; indeed, I| have al- ways thought that not he alone should be taxed for the bettering of the high- way used so largely by the general pub- lic. The merchant must realize that he is benefited in proportion to the cheap- ness of transporting products to his mar- ket; if it does not behoove the business communities to aid in the betterment of all avenues leading to and from their homes, to whom then does the respon- sibility belong? Looking at the good roads movement from a purely commer- cial standpoint, there is for the average village or city merchant no better in- vestment, none that will bring him bet- ter returns for his money, than a wise expenditure on road improvement. I for he is a great power for aiding inthis work. The fact is that, whether or not the villages and cities discharge their duties in their respective places, their prosperity depends upon the prosperity of the country districts, and so it be- comes a matter of self-preservation to arouse public interest in road-building. We are entering upon a new era of road- building. It will need the combined efforts of all classes to secure from our Legislature the needed changes ; but un- til that time comes a continued agita- tion is necessary to secure the best re- sults under our present system. In New Jersey, Massachusetts and other states, state as well as county aid has most wonderfully accelerated road-building. And why not state aid? Michigan abounds in good road material, as she abounds in endless wealth both upon and under the surface. For a state having such great resources she can afford to give for internal improvement. The Road Department under the direct auspices of the Agricultural Department at Washington, D. C., with only a few thousand dollars each year for its use, has printed many thousand copies of good roads literature and circulated it gratuitously wherever there has been call for help or information on road con- struction or improvement. Directly traceable to this means thousands of miles of stone, macadam and _ gravel roads have been built. State, county and township laws and systems have been entirely changed and the work is spreading over every state inthe Union. How long will it be before Michigan comes to the front and realizes the great waste of money under our present laws and turns over a _new leaf, covers up the sand, tears out the corduroy, sheds over the mud holes, goes around the hills instead of over them and compels the Legislature to blot out the old worn-out laws and formulate something modern, economical, life-giving, of the money- making kind? The Department at Washington has recently given aid to two road congresses, one held in Port Huron, one in Saginaw, by sending Messrs. Dodge and Harrison to these localities, the latter gentleman an ex- pert road-builder, to superintend the building of sample roads. Over a mile of macadam road was built near each city by the residents, under the Gov- ernment’s supervision. As stone was the available material there, stone was used; but the purpose of the Depart- ment is to stimulate road-building with any kind of material available in any locality. I am free to say that the ob- ject lessons furnished in these sections have greatly stimulated road-building and the results will be far-reaching in Michigan. My purpose is not to take road-build- ing away from its legitimate channels, but to organize all classes into the great work, and especially to co-operate with the agricultural community in making better roads all over our grand State. Frank Hamilton. Fresh eggs can be bought in China for 4 to 5 cents per dozen in inexhaust- ible quantities the year around. Morris Kent & Co. .¢ Wholesale Dealers in GRAIN, PRODUCE, SEEDS and HAY. .. Elevators at.. Kalamazoo, Mich. Mattawan, Mich. Mendon, Mich. Manton, Mich. Scotts, Mich. Kendall, Mich. La Grange, ind. Carload Lots a Specialty. Correspondence Solicited. Long Distance Phone. Kalamazoo, Mich. RR inl eT a Perrigo’s Headache Powders, Per- rigo’s Mandrake Bitters, Perrigo’s Dyspepsia Tablets and Perrigo’s Quinine Cathartic Tablets are gain- ing new triends every day. If you haven’t already a good supply on, write us for prices. FLAVORING EXTRAGIS AND DRUGGISTS’ SUNDRIES \. 4 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 25 OER LOBE EBLE LE EBT EBT I !% i: pe Thi & WHEELER¢ j 5 COMPANY : : ; Ss One of the Oldest and Largest Wholesale Grocers and the € $@ Largest Importers of Teas 2% | S in Western Michigan, controlling the distribution of the “ aS f following well-known brands : SF rm} L.& W. CO. « —G_ Rp. “Forget Me Not” Japan Teas, Sy Va Thompson & Taylor Spice Co.’s “Diamond” Coffees, ( a S Bay State Milling Co.’s Wingold Flour, s Acme Canned Tomatoes, lao 4 SS Coal Oil Johnny Soap, Sy “Rapid,, Canned Tomatoes, Larson’s Celebrated “Champion of England” Canned Peas, SF Seward Fancy Red Alaska Salmon, Rf “Climax” Extra Fancy Canned Corn, Imperial Fancy Canned Corn, s Fs ‘ 4 S ~ Simon Pure Spices and _ — Z s 7 SS 35 a5 SESS _ Being conveniently situated near the Union depot, we most cordially invite all merchants visiting Grand Rapids during the State Fair, or at any other time, ‘to a confer upon us the great pleasure of showing them through our establishment, which is a model in every respect. Na et mente aw MICHIGAN TRADESMAN THE CABPET SWEEPER. Evolution of this Most Important House- hold Necessity. The Carpet sweeper descended from the street sweeper, Its more remote ancestor, however, is found in the brush broom. Its ancestry, therefore, is hon- orable and can be traced back to the ion of the world. The term ‘“‘carpet sweeper’’ is of modern origin. It is the name which Ameri- cans have applied to what was formerly known in England as a ‘‘sweeping ma- chine"’ or a broom The _hame earliest civilizat “mechanical carpet ser"’ is now ine having a sweet t laci ae or box, receptacles, a revolv- ing brush, wheels and a handle. Th act as driving in some way to the | wheels, being revolve the same as the sweeper is moved by As early ing, of London pate or any Citv or tewne.”’ w ae now be called a atents were = j - ry Cu a i) ’ - } mmm 3 a7] n ‘ ; ments of the modern carpet sweeper. It is | oly of the sweeper business and for more specially noticeable that the first patent on carpet sweepers in America shows a Sweeper that in all substantial respects is a copy of the Bigelow sweeper. The resemblance is so close that it does not seem possible it could have been acci- dental. The patent was issued only about two — earlier than the first American patent on sweepers. During the vear 1858. these were four Eng I aia issued on carpet sweepers. Un doubtedly a few carpet sweepers were manufactured in England and probably a few of such sweepers found their way to America. The American carpet sweeper origi- nated in Massachusetts in 1858. There | were two patents ust IT of that year. On tents was issued to H. H. He other to A. W. Nonev. ~ weeper, aS appears from Yitice re- port,was a cumbersome affair and prob- | che ; sweepers finally | and sanding there are no carpet sweepers | manufactured i ~ Westerm ish | than a dozen years no sweepers were manufactured in the United States out- side of the city of Boston, excepting a few in the State of Connecticut. Grad- ually the business spread to New York, New Jersey and to Rhode Island, but Boston retained its position with little 9etition until 1877 and 1878, when manufacturers began to ete for the first place, and by 1881 882 Boston had lost its prestige, and business of manufacturing carpet departed about 1887 com] in any city in the New } England States. The carpet sweepers made most ex- tensively in Boston were known as the ‘Weed,’’ the ** Boston’’ and the ‘‘Wel- come.’" The *‘Welcome’’ was probably manufactured most extensively and it survived several years after the other Sweepers had disappeared. As ahove few sweepers manu- cut, New York and they were only manu- | quantities and prob- they soon dis- dgecomb, of Goshen, a new sweeper which vel and useful fea- er was exhibited at the iti in 1876 and re- The sweep- he “Lady's Friend." et m. r and it soon had con- 7 the sale Soston. It as any to 1880, treinafter first patent on a carpet sweeper. The sweeper contained a brush roller sus- pended at its center and contained no end bearings. As first constructed the brush roller was revolved by cog wheels placed centrally in the case. The valu able features claimed for this sweeper were its adaptability for sweeping close to the baseboard at both ends of the sweeper, and, second, its superior ad- justability. The sweeper was afterwards improved by substituting a friction gearing in place of the cog wheels. This sweeper was known as the *' Bissel Center Bearing Sweeper.’ In the hands of a less aggressive man than Mr. Bissell this sweeper might never have become known to the public, but the sweeper contained merit and Mr. Bissell’s energy and business tact brought this sweeper to the front. With- in a few years the number of center bearing sweepers sold far exceeded the sale of any other sweeper, the annual sales reaching as high as 65,000, an enormous number for that time when it is remembered that probably more than a dozen factories were making sweepers in the United States. All sweepers above referred to belong to the class known as_ two-wheeled sweepers. The first four-wheeled carpet sweepers which were manufactured in any considerable numbers were con- structed in accordance with a patent is- sued to E. T. Pringle, of Aurora, Illi- nois, in 1877. The sweeper was well made, unique in appearance, and effec- tive in its work. The sweeper was named the ‘‘Aurora.’’ It was sold as an exclusive sweeper, that is, its sale was restricted to a certain number of dealers in each city. It sold fora higher price than any other sweeper made until it was finally displaced by the Bissell Grand Rapids sweepers made under the Plumb patent, which will be referred to later. Had invention and improvements ceased with the **Aurora’’ sweeper it is highly probable that that sweeper would be a prominent one on the market to- day. It will be impossible to enumerate all the attempts to manufacture sweepers and to give a full history of the suc- cesses and failures. The most interest- ing part of the history of the sweeper industry is found in its beginning and development in the city of Grand Rapids. The success of M. R. Bissell inspired others to enter the field and within a comparatively short time after Mr. Bis- sell began the manufacture shite were no less than six concerns in the ci ¥ Grand Rapids alone manufacturing Carpet sweepers. Each had one or patents as the foundation of the busi- ness. Each secured some share of pub- lic favor, but Mr. — kept vance of them all made and sold as many sweepe the remainder combined. This} he con- tinued to do until the organization of the Bissell Carpet Sweeper Co., which fae Ch a lI cy ste os o Ou. “ united all the Grand Rapids manufac- turers of sweepers into one company, with the exception of the Plumb & Lewis Manufacturing Co. The Plumb & Lewis Manufacturing Co. continued un- til about January, 1886, when its patents and sweeper business became merged with the Bissell Carpet Sweeper Co. The Plumb & Lewis Manufacturing Co, made and sold a sweeper which was the invention of A. D. P} umb, of Grand Rapids. The Plumb patent deserves more than a passing notice, as it marks an epoch in the carpet sweeper busi- ness, Mr, Plumb began the manufac- Fr. The ler sus- ined no ‘ted the wheels ie valu weeper g close s of the or ad- srwards friction wheels. Bisse]! re man might public, rit and eSS tact With- center ed the annual 300, an vhen it e than eepers belong heeled Carpet ired in + con- ent is- a, Lli- s well effec- Tr was sold as ts sale ber of higher e until Bissell ler the red to -ments ‘r itis would Ket to- ate all eepers € suc- terest- veeper ig and Grand spired thin a . Bis- > were ity of turing r more busi- f pub- in ad- btediv as all e con- ion of which nufac- pany, nb & mb « -d un- atents erged ‘o. rh luring h was Grand serves marks busi- nufac- ‘3 ers bo ~) MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Ae a Se eS PARAS ES SSE BART SAAS ASASASSASASARSSSA “WORDEN GROCER COMPANY IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. SS eS CINTA eS CSSA SASS PERS SESSA SS SAAS SASS Carry a full and complete line of high grade and standard groceries. A brief enumeration of our special brands comprise the Quakeress, Queen, Princess and Perfection Japan Teas, imported by ourselves and running uniform year in and year out. Delicate and toasty. We are agents for the celebrated Red, White and Blue Seals (“Rama” Brand) Ceylon Teas recently introduced here. Our Ankola, Quaker and To-ko Mocha and Java Coffees Our six grades of the famous Lakeside brand of Peas, are roasted especially for us and delight the palate. for which we are exclusive distributing agents here, Our Quaker Corn and Quaker Tomatoes are full are known all over the United States as the standard packed and high quality. choicest grown. Our ‘‘Duchess” Cream Corn, Lima Beans and Succo- Our best bakers insist upon having our Laurel Spring tash are of the choicest State of Maine pack and | Wheat and Quaker Winter Wheat Flours. are the finest grown. We are exclusive agents for Our full cream Jersey Cheese gives one an appetite these goods in this market. | and cures dyspepsia. Our ‘‘Dinner Party” brand of high grade Fruits and = Our ‘‘Home Made” brand of Lard is not packers lard vegetables are of superior quality. Their hand- | but kettle rendered under a patented process of 5 some labels make attractive shelf goods and slow cooling, and guaranteed absolutely pure. We “a quick sellers. are sole agents. We carry in stock the Waukesha Hygia Ginger Ale Our stock of Syrups, Molasses, Dried Fruits, Soaps, Br and Boro Lithia Table Waters, Olives, Pickles Tobacco, Provisions, Sugars and Sundries is full G and a full line of bottled goods. and complete. SJ) Sis) Grand Rapids is the natural distributing point for Western Michigan and we take pride in inviting our friends in general to an inspection of our large and complete stock and in extending a cordial invitation to make our store § their headquarters when in the city. Any orders with which we may be favored will receive careful attention, ) prompt shipment and a satisfactory result guaranteed, SIE SEES ESI EE NES DE CDIE SAIL EESTI eAIaA 28 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN ture of a sweeper invented by G. W. Gates and Benj. F. Potter and he con- tinued to manufacture the same for about one vear, when he made his in- vention in carpet sweepers. Mr. Plumb's application was filed in April, 1880, and the manufacture was then be- gun. The name of the sweeper was also changed from the ‘‘Grand Rapids Carpet Sweeper’’ to the ‘*Mystic.”’ Mr. Plumb was much more successful with his new sweeper than with his first one and his business in one year more than doubled. The novel feature of the Plumb Sweeper consisted in the introduction of a spring between the sweeper case and the drive wheel, which enabled the user to lower the brush to the carpet by merely pressing down on the sweeper handle. This adapted the sweeper to all kinds of carpets, to light and heavy sweeping. It obviated the necessity of a mechanical adjustment of the brush roller, the brush roller being adjusted by mere downward pressure. This fea- ture was Called ‘‘self-adjusting,’’ ‘‘au- tomatic, ’’ ‘automatic adjusting,’’ ete. That this feature was a useful one is established by the fact that within one year from the date of the Plumb patent every manufacturer of sweepers in Grand Rapids was using the patented feature of the Plumb invention—some in one form, some in anoth but all within the scope of the Plumb patent. After- wards several manufacturers outside of Grand Rapids adopted the Plumb de- vice and infringement did not cease al- together until the patent had been con- strued and sustained by the United States Court. In order to avoid infringement of the Plumb patent and still to obtain the automatic adjustment, several ingenious devices were invented, which after- wards received the name of ‘‘cam-ac- tion sweepers.’’ In the _ so-called **cam-action sweepers’’ the spring he- tween the drive and the brush roller was dispensed with. The bail of the sweeper was connected with the brush roller, that the brush roller could be raised and lowered by tilting the handle of the sweeper. The first pat- ent in this line c. WwW. Gates in August, lowed by severa! others, tail, but all working upo 5 the same principle. This cam-action Sweeper received some favor with the public and considerable quantities were manufactured and put upon the market. They never, however, received the same favor as the self-adjusting swe per con- structed in accordance with the Plumt patent d eir popularity is not in- creasing. The principle of the Plumb sweeper Was introduced into four-wheeled sweepers by the Bissell Carpet Sweeper Co. and also by the Plumb & Lewis wheel so was differin n s« Manufacturing Co. The effect of such introduction was te displace the ‘‘Aurora’’ sweeper and to drive it en- tirely out of the market. A New York merchant who had _ handled the **Aurora’’ sweeper with success and profit declared that when the Bissell Grand Rapids sweeper, with this auto- matic adjustment, first offered to him he purchased a few with great hesi- tation; that as soon as he began to sell them his customers were so well satis- fied that they sent in others to pur- chase; that the demand _ for the ‘“Aurora’’ sweeper ceased altogether; that he had on hand a quantity which cost him $3 apiece: that he sold a few of them for $1 apiece and finally closed was out the. balance by giving away a Sweeper to every customer who pur- chased a certain quantity of his goods. The Plumb sweeper was first put up- on the market in the spring of 1880, and after more than twenty years the principle of the Plumb invention found in nearly all the sweepers upon the market to-day. No other patented feature in an American carpet sweeper has retained its position for so long a time. It must not be supposed that in- vention in self-adjusting sweepers ceased with the Plumb invention or that Plumb reached perfection. The Plumb ‘*Mystic’’ sweeper ran its race in about six years, as did nearly all the two- wheeled, self-adjusting sweepers. Many sweepers, both two and_ four-wheeled, have had their day and passed away, but the real thing patented by Plumb, as repeatedly construed by the United States courts, still exists as a valuable feature in a carpet sweeper and prom- ises to continue for many years to come. The impression is general that the number of patents on carpet sweepers is very great. A prominent manufacturer in this city, being asked how many Carpet sweeper patents he thought had been granted, promptly replied, ‘‘ Sev- eral thousand.’’ Several others have expressed substantially the same opin- ion. The fact is, the number of patents issued on carpet sweepers is compara- tively small. Taking the forty-three years ending with Jan. 1, 1900, the total number of carpet sweeper patents is 254. Some of these patents are on de- vices for attaching handies and are equally applicable for other imple- ments, but, counting them all as carpet Sweeper patents, the average number per year is less than six. The largest number of patents issued in any one year on carpet sweepers was in 1892, and the total number for that vear was twenty-five. Comparing this number with the number of car-coupling pat- ents it seems very small, for in 1892 there were 380 patents issued to in- ventors of car couplers, being 126 more patents in one year on car couplers than all the carpet sweeper patents for forty-three years. The development of invention is followed by the develop- ment of manufacture. The number of patents issued in any locality marks the development of manufacture in that lo- cality of the thing patented. This mat- ter can be referred to but briefly in this paper. The invention of the Herrick sweeper in Boston marks the beginning f the sweeper manufacture in Boston and in the United States. In 1858 there were six patents issued. In 1859 there were nine patents issued. All the pat- ents issued during these two years were to residents of Boston or vicinity, with a single exception. That one exception is oO was a patent issued to an inventor re- siding in Connecticut. No patents were issued to any person outside of Connecticut and Massachusetts for more than ten years after the date of the Her- rick patent, and during that time Bos- ton monopolized the manufacture of Carpet sweepers. In the latter part of 1868 a single patent was issued to a res- ident of Brooklyn, New York, and it became in a small way the foundation for the manufacture of sweepers. From 1868 to 1880 the yearly number of Sweeper patents issued was five. These patents were somewhat scattered, but dents of the New England or the Mid- die Atlantic States, and, while the man- ufacture was undertaken in New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan most of them were taken out by resi- | and elsewhere, Boston still retained the lead in the business, but by no means the entire business. The Gore & Edge- comb sweeper, referred to above as_ the **Lady’s Friend,’’ made at Goshen, In- diana, became a sharp competitor. This sweeper was manufactured and_ sold successfully for many years. The man- ufacture of the Bissell center bearing sweeper, beginning in 1876, was car- ried on with energy and success. Mr. Bissell was not satisfied to rest his busi- ness on his single invention, but con- tinued to make improvemenis and to patent them. Every small device in- vented by him was patented. He took advantage of every improvement, how- ever small, to increase the efficiency of his sweeper. Such were his energy and success that he became, in fact, as he claimed, the most extensive manufac- turer of carpet sweepers in the world. This was before the organization of the Bissell Carpet Sweeper Co. The sweep- er business was following invention. Invention was being transferred from New England to Grand Rapids. The names of M. R. Bissell, W. J. Drew, George W. Gates, Benjamin F. Potter, MoS. Wing, EB) Glare) ALD) Plumb, Silas H. Raymond, C. O. Allen and Benjamin R. Stevens and others began to appear as inventors from time to time in the Patent Office Gazette. In 1876 Michigan took out but one patent on a carpet sweeper. This was issued to M. R. Bissell. Probably it was due to this patent that the carpet sweeper business of the world has be- come centered in Grand Rapids. In the same year Massachusetts took out six patents. As late as 1878 Massachu- setts took out five patents to none in Michigan, but in 1879 there came a change. There were six patents issued to Michigan inventors and but two to Massachusetts inventors. In 1880 Mich- igan took out nine patents to none in Massachusetts and in 1881 Michigan took out eleven patents to none in Mas- sachusetts. From 1879 to the present time Michigan has held the lead in pat- ents issued on carpet sweepers and since 1881 the lead in the manufacture of carpet sweepers, while Massachusetts has ceased to make carpet sweepers and has practically ceased to make improve- ments in carpet sweepers, the Patent Office Gazette for 1899 showing no pat- ents issued to residents of Massachus- etts on Carpet sweepers, while five out of the seven patents issued that year on Carpet sweepers were issued to Michi- gan inventors. The history of carpet sweeper making is interesting and instructive. Having its inception in Boston, for a series of years it grew and thrived in that city. It strayed to other cities in different States, where it survived fora time, and in some places flourished. Gradually but surely the industry substantially died out in all but one locality,and that one the city of Grand Rapids. To-day substantially all the carpet sweepers used throughout the world are made in |Grand Rapids, where the industry still | thrives. Grand Rapids makes these Sweepers because its manufacturers have kept the lead in novel features and careful business methods. It is an illustration of the truth of the maxim, **The fittest survive.'’ Since the manufacture began in Bos- ton in 1858 probably more than fifty companies have engaged in manufac- ture of carpet sweepers, which have passed out of business and disappeared. The very nature of the business ren- dered such a result almost inevitable. The first manufacturer was, doubtless, able to sell his sweepers ata larger profit, hence other manufacturers be- lieved that they could do the same. They overestimated the demand. They underestimated the expense. The pur- chase of carpet sweepers is almost al. ways in small quantities. The mer chant who sells sweepers is not likely to spend much time on his sweeper busi ness, aS it invariably forms but a very small part of his trade. The expense of selling sweepers by the manufacturer is comparatively large, for the reason that but few sweepers can be sold in any one place and the manufacturer must cover a large territory in order to sel] enough sweepers to. pay expenses and leave a profit. A carpet sweeper does not quickly wear out and a household once supplied with carpet sweepers is supplied for a term of years. ‘he de- mand for sweepers is limited and a sin- gle factory in Grand Rapids possesses facilities for making not only carpet sweepers to supply the demand of the world, but many thousands in addition thereto. The territory in which carpet sweep- ers can be sold has been canvassed thoroughly and is being re-canvassed several times a year, and each new competitor in the field is compelled, if he secure any trade, to secure it from the customers of some manufacturing company already in the field. It is not a case of obtaining trade from a new set of buyers, but a case of securing a part of a trade which is already held by some other manufacturer. The demand for sweepers in the United States has not been such an _ in- creasing demand as is generally be- lieved. There has been an increase, but it has only kept pace with the increas- ing wealth and population of the coun- try. The city of Boston probably does not purchase more sweepers in propor- tion to its population to-day than it did in 1870 and the years immediately fol- lowing. The manufacturer of carpet sweepers, to be successful, must have a consider- able volume of business, and from the nature of the demand for carpet sweep- ers there can be at one time but few successful manufacturers. If the entire volume of the carpet sweeper business of the world were equally divided intoa dozen or twenty equal parts, and one part given to a single manufacturer, it is probable that the business could not be carried on at a profit unless the price of sweepers could be considerably ad- vanced. The lesson which the history of the Carpet sweeper business seems to teach is this: First, that the business of the manufacture of a specialty follows the greatest development of inventicn and improvements: second, that a single in- vention may serve the purpose of start- ing a manufacturing industry, but such industry will be shortlived unless in- vention and improvements are contin- ued; third, that the manufacture of a specialty may be profitable when car- ried on by a single company and wholly without profit when divided up and dis- tributed among many companies ; fourth, that the mere increase of the produc- tion of an article does not necessarily increase the demand for the same. Edward Taggart. ——_-~e--2a—___ The average man puts a greater value upon a favor he bestows than upon one he receives. —_———eO-o—_—___— It is better to do a big business in a small town than a smal business in a big town, MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 29 ubtless, t larger ie —— Pes be- US yy. pee BRS 7 Same. : \ Nes » (jm —— yy | Se SN ap oe f They ER ” Ut sre Ber. ‘ MARQUET ) nost a Wal e me: as YAN t likely a : GZ tex Vite oP) =r busi 4 rae — = a Very : a tAye \ \\ 2 4 S \ead to the turer is : a on that 4 to a 4 BB gesale Kal Ga -r must WSS to sel] i ALPEN > , ses and 2 oe LEY) | an Ur OUSe er does LSE SAY | isehold Hi \) { pers is j Ay ik the de- J . \ RAVERSE ) 0 | a sin- 4 ee )/ ssesses ‘ \}) Carpet 7 ) J) () abeegtg : MANIS TEF LY, ° idition g ) LY CG sweep- vassed vassed th new led, if it from \ A turing \ SAGINAW is not a { a pe: ; rng BT canyon Lo . > | HoLuA NSING in in- is ly be- x Pa i se, but “ } creas- q s ATILE Su i SRR coun- ‘ Z 'y AMAZOO et font toe cl WAS Go BUFFS Z&enseiiuse S JEFFERSON AVE. DEROWMCH. f J f f LUDINGTON| a. LG" BAUDWIN | i S (Ms SS —— fy WN J; See eee xt “i || y does CKSO ropor- it did y fol- tHitLLS DAL i HITE PIGEON ADRIA 9 E epers, \sider- ym the weep- ut few entire siness intoa id one rer, it Id not - price ly ad- WVARREIN FINDLAY ANTON IMA of the teach of the i s the i n and sle in- Start- t such > in- i (RUSHVILLE SPRING OLUMBUS ontin- , ; i of a “if AY T i car- i vholly i dis- yurth, oduc- sarily Pl EELING GALLIPOLIS art. CINCINNAT | value . one ig Cov, TSMOUTH sina tan sina seg Pat ee MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Jf THE HARDWARE TRADE. Innovations and Improvements the Past Thirty Years. After an experience of about thirty years of continuous service in the hard- ware trade, it is interesting, in these days of sudden changes and high busi- ness pressure, to go back to the earlier days of this important branch of our varied industries and consider the changes and progress made during this long period of time. It has often been stated that ‘‘Iron is king,’’ by which is meant that the iron industry has come to be considered a pretty accurate barometer of the state of trade and finance and that when the iron business is prosperous al] other lines of business are usually so and that the country is experiencing what we term Good Times. The iron and hardware business is so closely interwoven and their interests so nearly mutual that both may be consid- ered as one; consequently the hardware trade of Michigan is an important and honorable one and no person engaged in it need feel called upon to make apol- ogies for his calling. My connection with the hardware trade covers a period of most remark- able changes and advancements in near- ly all directions. We have seen, through the improvements and progress made in electrical science by the laying of ocean cables and the introduction of our local and long distance telephone systems, also by our improved methods of rapid transit, that the world has, ina certain sense, been rapidly growing smaller; in fact, all parts of the earth have been brought in closer touch, and each morn- ing the principal events of the previous twenty-four hours are laid before us at our breakfast tables. Thirty years ago electricity was but little known or understood, and at that time oil and gas for lighting purposes were almost considered a luxury, and our electric lights of to-day, as at pres- ent developed, hardly dreamed of. In those days, horse cars for street car transportation were only for the benefit of our larger cities, but at the present time there is no city of any size which does not have rapid transit, not only During within its own borders, but it is spread- ing out to neighboring villages and cit- ies, thereby bringing the country and towns closer together, much to the ad- vantage and benefit of all classes. Dur- ing the space of time which we are con- sidering there have been very many other changes, almost too numerous to mention. A journey to-day across our continent from ocean to ocean is but a question of hours, instead of days and weeks and, in the place of hardship and discomfort, it is one of ease and luxury ; and, inside of one week, the resident of | Michigan may be touring in Europe. | The business man in his office or home | is now able to transact business by con- versation direct with those interested in all parts of the country. Science has made rapid strides in these past thirty | years in all directions, and through re- | search and study we are learning things | in regard to this old earth of ours which | formerly were never dreamed of, and even in religious beliefs, through changes in creeds and the better inter- | pretation and understanding of the. Bible, we have noticed many and im- portant changes. rrom this brief outline we can see something of the progress made during | the past years and realize the fact | that we are living ina fast age, subject to | abrupt and important changes, and this | ! ' } } } i } } | | | | trimmings. will also apply to business and business methods, and to the hardware trade as much as to any other. My first experience was that of clerk and general utility man ina retail store. In those days a hardware store was con- sidered more as a_ place .of necessity than of taste or refinement. A keg of nails or a bar of iron and other staples are about the same now as then, but there was not the taste used in display- ing goods or the conveniences for do- ing business which we now have. Then the average hardware stock was made up more of the articles of necessity and common use, and few of those of lux- ury, with little labor or time expended in arranging the stock to the best ad- vantage possible, as compared with the present time. Our hardware stores of to-day are largely places of tact and taste in arrangement and of beauty and interest. With improvements in manu- facturing and from the demands of the the blacking of stoves for recreation— and the hours of service extended from early morning until late at night. At the present time the details of business are more divided and the average clerk or salesman is not so much a porter as then. The general shortening of the hours of labor has not been missed by the hardware men, as, except in the smaller towns or in special seasons, early closing has become general and in many towns we find the doors closed and locked at 6 o’clock and business for the day finished. Among the many changes of the past thirty years, there are, perhaps, none more important or to be commended than the growth of good fellowship and kindly feeling for each other among competitors. Then it was each man more for himself; and, while competi- tors in their own vicinity were more or less acquainted, it was not generally accompanied by any feeling of friend- trade the stocks of hardware have great- ly changed. The better financial con- dition of our people has created a larger demand for goods which were formerly considered luxuries. Where thirty years ago the elevated oven stove was a com- mon article in this line, to-day the cook stoves and ranges and heaters are all works of art and beauty. The Janus- faced rimlock, with the mineral and porcelain japanned knobs and the old style loose joint cast butts of thirty years ago, has been almost relegated to the rear, and in its place has come |a large and varied line of truly artistic ' builders’ hardware in brass,solid bronze or silver and gold plated mountings and These few instances will give us some idea of the changes made in stocks now carried and of the progress made in beauty of style and finish. In those early days the average hard- ware clerk filled all positions, from that of salesman to porter work—including ship. On the contrary, their intercourse was apt to be constrained and they al- most invariably entertained more or less suspicion and distrust. The pres- ent age is quite the reverse of this and we see trade organizations and associa- tions in all directions among the hard- ware fraternity. The retailers and job- bers have their local, state and national associations to harmonize and adjust differences and, through this means, they come to know each other better and to appreciate the fact that all the brains and business capacity and good fellowship are not carried under one’s own hat. Warm friendships are formed through these organizations and their members are made broader and better business men. Business men’s associa- tions, either among retailers or jobbers do not mean necessarily combinations to advance or control prices, but they help to bring men in the same line of business closer together, so that they learn from each other’s experience the best methods of doing business and they do away with those old feelings of envy and distrust. This is largely an age of concentration and co-operation, instead of so much of individual effort, both in business and public affairs, and speaking now irom the standpoint of the jobber, associations of retail mer- chants are to be commended and en- couraged. Evils will creep in and manufacturers and jobbers may infringe upon the rights of the retailers. If so, no one individual is strong or powerful enough to correct it, but the combined efforts of all the individual hardware men of Michigan will carry great weight and command respect and _ attention. Through trade organizations the job- bers and manufacturers and retailers of to-day are in a position to know better the rights and désires of each other and to correct business evils and poor methods, without trouble or friction and this indicates progress to a large degree. Great improvements and advances have been made in_ general intelligence through the enormous circulation of our daily and weekly press and our im- proved educational facilities. This is also true of the hardware trade. At the commencement of my career, trade papers were few in number and cata- logues were confined almost entirely to a few of the larger manufacturers. Great progress has been made in this direction and from all of our larger business centers we have issued trade journals, giving careful market reports and conditions, as well as _ current prices. Instead of a few meager cata- logues, we now find them issued by nearly all jobbers of hardware and so carefully compiled and illustrated that every retailer has in his office for in- stant use and reference, through these catalogues,a complete copy and descrip- tion of the sample rooms of jobbers scat- tered all over the country. Hardware dealers of to-day are, therefore, in a po- sition to be thoroughly posted, not only in regard to prices, but also to changes and improvements and to new styles of goods. Even in traveling salesmen there have been an improvement and __ progress made and, through their increased num- bers, jobbers and retailers have been brought more closely in touch with each other and, in my opinion, there has been a marked change in the character of the men now representing trade upon the road. It has come to be a better recognized fact that the traveler repre- sents his house in more ways than one, hence more care is exercised in em- ploying men of good character and standing and business capacity than formerly. Men of bad habits are being weeded out and the rank and file of the commercial travelers of to-day will compare favorably in every respect with any other class of business men and en- joy the respect and confidence of their employers to a large degree. Among the changed conditions of to- day, as compared with thirty vears ago, which may also be termed a progress, is that of the gradual abandonment of long terms of credit and the doing of business more on a cash basis. As the country increases in wealth and pros- perity, goods are being sold more for prompt cash or short credit, and the jobber, instead of giving a regular credit of four months, now sells on thirty to sixty days’ time and the retail- ers are looking more closely after their cash discounts for prompt payment. Credits are also more closely scrutinized, ‘+ +) FAG TRADESMAN 31 ie ie ia ez ie ic e ic ie ic ie Se ie ie iS ie e i (THE OLD NATIONAL BANK of Grand Rapids will re- enter its permanent quarters early in October. Every en- deavor is being made to finish the Banking Office in the most approved manner to insure the comfort, convenience and safe TTL LLL LLL LLL LL Ll fh Lot r for syd & NQF WS NS AS AS WS WS AS AS AF AS AF AS AS AF AS AA AS A Ass bs as ws PZ MAM MM AS Alas be transacted. Street. private and household accounts. keeping of funds of every customer. apartments for. men and women where confidential business can A special feature will be the handling of women’s acting its customary business issuing certificates of deposit, draw- = ing interest, Blue Savings Books drawing interest at 3 per cent. per Many parties living outside the city have found it a great So There are to be private } ee ie eee Se Meanwhile the Bank is trans- Te annum and attending to the needs of its customers at 60 Monroe ze convenience to open accounts with this Bank. oe = rs urs mimes Pure SII INIT TIY IY INF HAY IVY SHY IVY IY IVY IH IV INF IID THA TATA IT Dy POOOODOOOD DOQODODOOSQODHDOOE QDOOQOQDOOS® GOOGDOOOOY DOOODGOCOOOQQOOQOQOOQOQOOOO OOGOOQODOOQOODOEDOESO®© DOOQODOOO OOODOQOOOQODOGOOQODOES GOGQOQOGQOOOGE =GRANITE= The best plastering material in the world. Fire proof, wind proof, waterproof. Is not injured by freezing. acid. Ready for immediate use by adding water. Office and Works, West Fulton and L. S' & M. 5. RR. ‘t+? GYPSUM PRODUCTS MFG. CO., . Manufacturers and Dealers in CALCINED PLASTER, LAND PLASTER, ° BUG COMPOUND, ETC. Mill and Warehouse: 200 South Front St. Grand Rapids, Michigan. No glue, no Office: Room 20, Powers’ Opera House Bik. An Enterprising Agent Wanted in Every Town. Send for Circular with References. ©®@ GQODOQDOODTSQDODODDOOeU™ QDOOOQOOOO PCDODOOD OODODOODES DHDHDODOOGODOOQODOOQOE Pimples and Blackheads 2 % Are not very ornamental to any one’s countenance; most people do not like them, and to those I wish to make a sug- gestion. Do not keep everlastingly pinching and picking them; the most good (?) that sort of treatment gives is the increased irritation and redder spots for your friends to notice. Beware of adulterated skin foods; many complex- : ions are forever ruined by the use of im- | pure ‘skin foods.” Steaming is harmful to the face; it makes large pores, weak- ens the eyes, shrivels the skin and makes it flabby. Don’t use ointment, cream or any greasy substance on the skin, which are apt to make it soft and produce unnat- ural growths of hair. Schrouder’s Lotion for Pimples and Blackheads is a scien- tific, exquisitely perfumed toilet prepara- tion and is perfectly harmless; it gives new life to the complexion and keeps it clear. I guarantee it will rid the face of the little nuisances, or your money back. It is a necessary requisite for the toilet table of every person of refinement. Price Per Bottle $1 00; Small Bottles 25 Cents. The small bottles can be had of any druggist or will be sent by mail on re- ceipt of 10 cents additional to cover postage and packing (35c) Special Offer Good Only Until Oct. 1, 1900. Any merchant ordering a card of one dozen of this Lotion prior to Oct. 1, 1900 will receive FREE OF CHARGE one-half (4) dozen Schrouder’s Antiseptic Sapodenta —the most liberal size and the handsomest package of tooth powder ever offered to retail at “5c per bottle—cleanses, whitens and polishes the teeth and im- parts a healthful and fragrant breath. It is of wintergreen fla- vor. Recommend it to your Cus- tomers and make new customers with it. I will send it direct prepaid to Michigan dealers. Conditions; All orders to be sent direet to me and contain the cash with order. One Dozen on a Card. $2 Per Dozen. BERAND SCHROUDER, Central Pharmacy, 37 Monroe St., Grand Rapids. POE oS 32 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN owing to closer margins of profit, and are granted under quite different condi- tions. They are not based so much to- day on actual cash resources alone, but the applicant for credit must stand the test of an enquiry into his private life and habits and business integrity. Capital is still important in doing busi- ness, but it is not the only requisite,and to-day the enquiry is also largely as to whether a man’s word can be relied up- on and if he is known to be strictly honest. It is often stated that the opportunities ; of to-day for young men to engage in business for themselves are not so plen- tiful as formerly, but my observation is to the contrary. There is more capital looking for investment now than ever before and, consequently, a greater de- mand for young men of high business ability and character. Young men with small capital are constantly starting in the hardware trade and, where they have been found to be capable and honest and industrious, they have had _ no trouble in securing a credit really larger than their cash capital entitled them to and have been assisted in this way to establish a business for them- selves. Conditions in trade to-day are also different in respect to the growing tend- ency to concentration. This has been especially noticeable during the past two years. Increased wealth, business push and American enterprise have gradually built up in this country an immense manufacturing industry and to such an extent, through excessive competition,that manufactured products were cheapened in price to the con- sumers to a point where wages for labor were forced down in every way possible, with then but a small, if any, return for the use of the capital invested. This overproduction was plainly shown dur- ing the years succeeding the panic of 1893, and the result has been the con- solidation of great manufacturing plants into one corporation and ownership and the advent of the present so-called ‘‘trusts.’’ here is a great diversity of opinion as to the wisdom of this latest move in our industrial world and much opposition is springing up against it and the experiment will be watched with close interest. In any event these immense aggregations of capital are changing business conditions and old methods are being done away with and are interesting as showing the sudden changes which business men of to-day have to face and contend with. Aftera long period of depression from 1893 up to last year, the hardware trade sudden- ly found themselves facing rising values and heavy demands. From the slough of despondency, they were seemingly on the topmost wave of prosperity, and with good reason to hope for a long period of same, vet within a few months we are brought to face another condi- tion, that of lack of confidence in values and a declining market, as well as care- ful and conservative buying in all di- rections. Thirty years ago, as it seems to me, business men could study the sit- uation better and arrive at safer con- clusions and look into the future more correctly than now. The whole world is now in closer touch through improved business facilities and rapid transit and we are more dependent upon each other. Large European demands for our agri- cultural products alone, with poor crops in foreign countries and good ones here, mean a wonderful difference to this country and its business interests. We do not Jive within ourselves as a nation, as formerly, but our interests are close- ly associated and connected with all parts of the earth, which results in sud- den changes, and when we have been sailing under propitious skies and fair business weather, we often find, with but little warning, clouds appearing and storms to contend with. On the other hand, our business interests may be thoroughly depressed and our people practicing the closest economy and val- ues falling in all directions. It may be caused by panics, continued poor crops, and overproduction and to such a degree that it seems to the discouraged business man as though there was no hope for improvement, yet during it all the forced economies have been bene- ficial and our people have been paying their debts and our manufacturers have been cultivating the foreign markets and our farmers have been gathering good crops; and all of a sudden the sun- shine appears again and, almost before we realize the fact, the wheels of busi- ness are in motion with increased and growing home demands and, finally a boom which may last for some time or may collapse as suddenly as it started. Thirty years ago competition was not as keen as it is to-day and goods were sold at a better profit. Business was confined more to its legitimate channels and hardware men sold hardware, and dealers in dry goods or drugs were con- tented to handle goods confined to their particular line. The changes made have not been a benefit and can not be prop- erly termed progress. The hardware man finds his wares on the shelves of grocery dealers and in dry goods stores and, to add to his discomfort, large catalogue houses located in different cities, with large capital at their com- mand, are engaged in selling all classes of goods direct to the consumers through the means of the mails and express companies. Catalogues are sent out broadcast by these concerns, giving prices, and goods are sold for spot cash. This innovation has not been welcomed by the retailers or jobbers, as both are suffering from this unusual and unfair competition. The interests of both classes are so closely connected that it seems as though both must make common cause of this new condition and join hands in working for their mutual protection. Individuals can accomplish nothing except to fight this hew competition in their own territory and in their own way, but when the in- dividual merchants of this and other States are thoroughly organized, indi- viduals become powerful and can then exert an influence which will be felt and wiil result in some relief. In conclusion, it is safe to say that in general, during the past thirty years, the changes in the hardware trade have been mostly an advance and denote progress. Competition may he keen among them, but it is usually of a kind- ly nature and of better business methods through better acquaintance and busi- ness men's organizations. Profits may be smaller now, but larger demands and larger business compensate in a degree for the changed conditions. Hardware stocks are greatly enlarged and more diversified and the hardware stores of to-day as interesting to visit as any other branch of trade, owing to the dis- plays and beautiful finish of the most commonplace articles. Some of the changes have not, how- ever, been desirable and the question of catalogue houses is the m st promi- nent one, which must be met by the combination of individual interests into solid and compact bodies, which will then be in position to study the situa- tion in an intelligent manner and, when the time for action arrives, to do so in adecisive manner. D.C. Delamater. THE SPICE TRADE. Habitat of the Several Varieties in Most Common Use. Probably no one article enters more generally into the food of mankind than does this one, spice. While it is only in minute quantities, yet there is scarcely an article of food prepared for man into which does not enter, toa greater or less degree, this one item of seasoning. It is doubtless true, too, that few articles of commerce that are so generally used are really known so _lit- tle about, and in this connection it might be of interest, in brief, to know something of the growth and production of this interesting commodity, which in general includes pepper, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, ginger and pimento. Black pepper is a native of the East Indies, but is now grown in many other of the tropical countries. The common black pepper of commerce consists of the dried berries which have become wrinkled. The two kinds common on this market are known as Singapore and Sumatra, the latter known by im- porters and millers as West Coast. The Singapore is the better of the two, it be- ing nicer in appearance, while at the same time it is cleaner and has a better flavor, also a much lighter color when ground, which is very desirable. Cinnamon is a native of the East In- dies, China and Japan. The cinnamon of commerce is the b rk of the tree known by that name. This tree is one of the wonders of nature. Beside the valuable properties contained in the hark, there are the huds, known as cas- sia buds, which are very rich in flavor. The leaves also have a taste of cloves, from which an oil is made. The root of the tree contains camphor and the fruit yields an oil called cinnamon suet, which is highly fragrant and in Ceylon was formerly made into candles for the exclusive use of the king. Cloves are the flower bud of the clove tree. It is grown in many of the trop- ical countries and especially in the Is- land of Zanzibar on the east coast of Africa. This spice is so rich in oil that it has been said by some spice millers that it could not be ground pure, lest the mill should become clogged. This is not true, however—‘‘where there’s a will there’s a way.”’ Still, of necessity the grinding requires great care, but that is the duty of the manufacturer to bestow or he is not in the right busi- ness. Nutmeg and mace are one produc- tion, the mace being the envelope of the nutmeg. The fruit of the nutmeg tree has much the appearance of a pear and when ripe has a_ golden yellow color. The fleshy part resembles candied fruit and is itself preserved and eaten. With- in this fleshy part is first the mace, then a thin shell and then the nutmeg. Ba- tavia produces most of the nutmeg used in this country. They are always limed before shipping to protect them from the ravages of the worm or beetle. Ginger is a native of the East Indies, but is now grown in other tropical coun- tries. The ginger of commerce is the root, which is dug up after the stems have withered. It is prepared for mar- ket by scalding in boiling water to kill it and is then dried. This is the com- mon black or ordinary unprepared gin- ger. Pimento (allspice) is imported mostly from Jamaica and is known among first hands as pimento, but is best known among manufacturers and consumers as allspice, a name it has acquired, no doubt, from possessing a flavor very much like a combination of several other spices. The grains are about the size of pepper, but are not wrinkled. They are light, dry and easily ground. The spice trade has probably experi- enced greater changes in the past ten years than in any other period of the same length, due to the incorporation in most states of a pure food law. it will be remembered by all old grocers, and many of the younger ones, that it was the rule of many of the larger spice houses to give away, with each one hun- dred pounds of ground spices, anything from a sugar scoop toa fullgrown de- livery wagon—of course the better the wagon the greater the adulteration. Quality was not considered by many and there was absolutely no standard of strength. Not soto-day. While the term “*pure,’’ as applied to ground spices now, does not always mean par excei- lence, yet it should mean that the goods under that label are free from adultera- tion. Many complaints are made re- garding ihe quality of the pure ground spices now on the market, it being often stated that some of the old adulterated goods were preferable to the pure(?) goods of the present market, ground from the dirty, inferior stock and only intended to comply with the law in that they do not contain any corn meal, flour or other foreign substance. The writer is inclined to agree to the justness of this criticism; however, the responsi- bility for this condition of affairs should not rest entirely on the spice millers, because there is a class of ordinarily good business men clamoring for some- thing cheap, cheaper, until they have succeeded in getting some millers to put a pure ground pepper on the market at a price not exceeding the importer’s price for a low grade of whole pepper. This is done by mixing pepper shells and pepper dirt with a low grade of whole pepper. The production is any- thing but desirable and only satisfies the careless retailer, for certainly the con- sumer does not demand that kind of goods, and usually is entitled to a bet- ter article if price be considered. The price between low grade pure spice and high grade pure goods is so slight that itis doubtful if the prudent grocer, after careful consideration, will handle any- thing but the best, for the best is none too good. Right here we should not forget that Michigan and nearly all her neighbor- ing states have good pure food laws and under the direction of conscientious food commissioners are forging rapidly ahead in the quality of the general food products on the market. In this con- nection we desire to congratulate the people of Michigan on the fact that the seasonings entering into their daily food are pure and_ generally wholesome, adulterated spices having been_practi- cally driven from the market. This has been no small task and much credit is due to Commissioner Grosvenor for his vigilance along this line. M. R. Carrier. ea MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 33 of your trade would be appreciated : “A SLICE WE CUT prices down fine. Drop us a line POQOQOOOO QDOQOQOOOQOEO and see. S. A. Morman & Co. GRAND RAPIDS, MI-H. FFF Wholesale and Retail Lime, Cement, Sewer Pipe, Portland Cement, Hair, Plaster, Stucco. S : Ss oe $O0000000000000000 ©DOODOGe OFFICE OF CENTRAL CITY CIGAR CO., Sammons Block, Francis St. W. B. BURRIS, Prop. Jackson, Mich, Auge 20, 1900-6 To my Customers and Friends: I have changed my location to Jackson, but am still manufacturing a line of High Grade Cigars, and in the near future hope to be able to call again on many of youe I would kindly request a trial order by mail of my Central City or Little Gentleman, both 5c hand-made cigarse I also make the Jacksonian 10¢c cigar that is up-to-date in all respectse A trial order of my goods will certainly con- vince you that my brands are as fine as are made€e With best wishes to you all, I remain, Yours truly, We Be BURRIS Formerly with the Bradley Cigar Coe, Greenville, Miche 000000000008 THE E FINEST N EWEST THE LATEST WALL PAPER Are always in our stock. Ww OUR PAINTS ARE PURE anp FRESH Ww We carry the finest line of Picture Mouldings in the city and our Frame makers are experts. w A complete Artists’ Material Catalogue for the asking. Ww C. L. HARVEY & CO. 59 Monroe St., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 8O0OOOOOOCC8 Hi 84 CANAL ST. Sectional View of Amaltial W7 AT TER K. SCHMIDT, rium sros. a scuxmor, Amlalytical Chemist, craso rsoins, mcr. CHEMICAL TESTS AND ASSAYS, MICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION, BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION Laboratory of 2% 3% Of Baking Powder, Soap, Tea, Coffee, Chocolate, Cocoa, Dyes, tric Juice, Saliva, Semen, Canned Goods, Vinegar, Preservatives, Disinfect Soils, Infants’ Foods, Dietetic Products, Chemicals, Milk and Boiler Water. Cheese, Butter, Beer, Wines, Whisky, Carbonated Beverages, Meats, Syrups, Blood, Feces, Gas- ants, Embalming Fluids, Malt Extracts, Spices, Ores, Sugar, Diastase, Pepsin, Pancreatine. Fertilizers, Fabrics, Coal, Coke, Oils, Pus, Stains, Ale, Drinking Water, Mineral Water, Urine, Sputum, Wall Paper, Drugs, ; ; ' 4 34 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN THE BUTTER TRADE. Brief Review Covering the Past Fifteen Years, A detailed review of the progress of the butter trade for a decade or so past is impossible in a brief article. The more important phases only can be em- phasized. All lines of business have made no- table progress, some of them uhob- served, many of them marked, none more so, perhaps, than the hutter trade. To show the advancement in this par- ticular line of industry we shall trace its history under the following heads, hoping thereby to be more definite: 1. Mode of handling butter fifteen years ago. 2. Growth of the dairy in- terests. 3. Cold storage and its effect upon the market. 4. Legislation—the Grout Bill. 5. The outlook. 1. Fifteen years ago, except in lo- calities where creameries were estab- lished, the mode of nandling butter was quite primitive and unsystematic. Too much was left to chance. Butter, gath- ered from miscellaneous sources, was mixed indiscriminately, without ref- erence to condition or quality. It was stored in packages of questionable origin and unsavory reputation and left to ab- sorb a multiplicity of flavors, most of them unpalatable, to which butter is so susceptible. Unskilled labor was em- ployed to prepare the product for mar- ket, ignorant of the nature of butter and the demands of the trade, conse- quently indifferent to condition, style of package and other Fifteen years ago the farmer’s wife had no conveniences in the direction of han- dling milk and manufacturing butter. Ice, refrigerators and family creameries were only occasionally in use. Good, bad and indifferent butter went at the Same price in the market. Why, then, should the thrifty housewife make an extra effort to produce a fine article when a poor one brought the same price? The country merchant has dis- carded the fallacy that a uniform price must be paid for all grades of butter and now buys upon merit, the same as he buys other products of the farm. The cause for such change is not hard to find—a demand from the consumer for a better article, resulting in a higher price to the producer. Marked as the change has been along the lines men- tioned, there are still opportunities for improvement. Farmers have much to learn in the raising of profitable cows and in their proper care as to food, drink, comfort and sanitation. 2. American dairying, as a specialty, is scarcely a century old. The nations of Europe, particularly England and Holland, practiced the industry as a specialty during the Sixteenth Century and thus the early emigrants to this country brought a certain knowledge, but crude, ‘of the art of butter and cheesemaking with them. Farmers, in those early times, kept a stock of cattle for beef, working oxen and cows for breeding purposes to supply home wants. The first co-operative assucia- tion for the manufacture of dairy prod- ucts in the United States was formed in 1800, by Elder John Leland. This was a cheese factory, and it is said that the company asked every person. within reach of the factory who owned a cow to contribute a day’s milking for a mons- trous cheese to be made and_ presented to President Jefferson. This cheese, when made. weighed 1,600 pounds, and its delivery to the President was a no- table event of those times. It was not until 1862 that the associated system of details. buttermaking came into existence, in this country. This was through the efforts of Alanson Slaughter. His system soon spread into Canada, Sweden, Den- mark and other countries of Europe, and has heen one of the chief causes of raising the standard of butter and thereby greatly increasing its consump- tion. In 1862 the butter product of the United States was 500, 000,000 pounds. In twenty years it had increased to 1, 500,000,000 pounds, and at present has reached a grand total of over 2, 000, 000, - 000 pounds, while the entire dairy prod- ucts of the United States during the past year approximated nearly $800, - 000,000. As a result of this immense progress a dairy literature has come in- to existence and dairy associations are common in every state in the Union. 3. The importance of cold storage to the butter producers of the country can scarcely be estimated. Were dairy products to be placed upon the market 2 to lo cents per pound on oleomarga- tine when colored to resemble butter, and reducing the tax to % cent per pound on that not so colored; also to give the states the right of jurisdiction over imitation dairy products imme- diately upon entering their horders. An agency sufficient to keep close surveil- lance over the production and sale of all imitation butter products can stop noth- ing short of the Government itself. There is hope so long as there is agita- tion, and a few years will witness the enforcement of laws for the full protec- tion of one of the greatest industries of this country. 5. The outlook is full of hope and encouragement. The spread of intelli- gence among the producing masses nat- urally leads to more refined tastes and higher ideals and the outcome is an uplift all along the line. The leaven | of discussion, of literature, of legisla- }tion, will work more marvels in the as manufactured, prices would be forced thoric market. Cold storage affords an opportunity of equalizing the supply, thereby more nearly securing a uniform price throughout the season. By actual statistics, shown by the transactions of buyers, butter was bought for five cents per pound fifteen years ago of the grade that now brings 13 to 14 cents on the market. This marked change is due largely to the effect of cold storage. 4. Nearly all the legislation for the protection of the butter interests has come into existence within the past fif- teen years. Thirty-two states have passed laws prohibiting the sale of im- itation butter in its various forms, at- taching severe penalties for violation of the same. In most cases the laws of all these states have been, and are, fla- grantly and openly violated by manufac- turers of oleomargarine. The purpose of the Grout Bill is to raise the tax from butter industry in th to a point far below all profit, in a ple-' e next decade than this country has witnessed in any quar- ter of a century of its history. H. N. Randall. “>> +a Bananas as Against Other Foods. From the Rio News. Banana lovers will be delighted to know that their favorite fruit contains 72 per cent. of water, 2.14 per cent. of nitrogenous matter and 22 per cent. of saccharine substances. It is the 22 per cent. of sweets in the banana which makes it a nutritious food. A Mexican chemist has been comparing bananas with wheat and potatoes for food, and has arrived at the conclusion that for the same space and under the same con- ditions of cultivation the production of bananas is forty times that of potatoes and 100 times that of wheat. He has figured out that an area of land which will raise enough wheat to feed six men will produce enough bananas to feed 150 men, ———_ 272 a_ The lumber trust has branches in every tree. Mottoes of the Rothschilds. When a man attains anything like success in this world, his opinion on ‘“‘how to get there’’ is always eagerly sought by the thousands who are anxious to do likewise. If the great men of any age were to answer every call made up- on them to say a few words on the basis of their successes, they would have no time for anvthing else and would soon be reduced to a_ state of nervous and physical exhaustion. To the credit of successful men, however, it is to be said that the majority of them are quite ready to give profitable advice to the world at large, if they are only allowed to do it in their own way. Some regard the daily press as being the most. suit- able medium for the purpose, others fa- vor the rostrum, while still others write and publish books. It remained, however, for the late Alphonse de Rothschild to put into epi- grammatical form a_ statement of the elements upon which he based the suc- cess of his famous house. As being the utterances of this famous member of perhaps the richest family in the world, the following are well worthy of careful consideration : ‘Carefully examine every detail of your business. ’’ ‘‘Be prompt in everything.’ ‘Take time to consider, but decide positively."’ ‘*Dare to go forward.’’ ‘Bear troubles patiently.’ ‘Maintain your integrity as a sacred thing.’’ ‘“ Never tell business lies.’’ ‘“ Pay your debts promptly.’’ / ‘Make no useless acquaintances. ’’ Can any one question the usefulness of the advice thus presented? Will any young man go astray from following this guide to success? EE Buttons Made From Potatoes. Buttons made from potato pulp adorn many a woman’s dress. The invention is quite new, the process of a Dutch- man named Knipers. He treats the waste pulp, itself a residue from the manufacture of the artificial potato flour, with a solution of acid and gly- cerine. The resulting compound takes the form of a speecies of stickphast, which is dried and ground to powder. This powder is molded into blocks with the aid of water, very much as one uses plaster of paris. There is, however,, this important difference. The new compound can be cut and turned and bored and used for every purpose, from buttons upward, in which it was formerly customary to use bone and ivory. Many a woman is wearing this season buttons which she fancies ate ivory, but which are really only potato pulp. From potato buttons to wooden silk dresses is only a step. Remarkable to relate, wood can be utilized for soft, flowing gowns. Wood pulp silk has long been a staple industry in the St. Etienne district of France. By certain secret chemical processes the pulp is re- duced to a syrupy condition. It is then forced into tubes full of tiny holes through which it emerges in the form of fine silklike threads. These are speedily dried by being passed through a hot atmosphere,and are forth- with wound on bobbins ready to be woven into silk. The appearance of this unique product is said to be so nat- ural that even experts have mistaken it for the genuine article. It is, of course, infinitely cheaper. —___26._____ Yew Tree Injurious to Cattle. From the American Lumberman. In England the yew tree is supposed to be injurious to cattle, and undoubted- ly does often prove so, although in other instances no ill. effects are noticeable. It has been decided in thai country with due official solemnity that where the branches of a yew tree overhang a neighbor's land and cattle or horses eat from the overhanging branches, the own- er of the tree is liable for any resulting damage: but if the animals put their heads over the boundary in order to reach the tree they become trespassers. ae ah ae nee y like on on igerly \xious f any Ee ap- basis ce no | soon s and dit of to be quite ‘oO the owed egard Suit- iS fa- write late epi- f{ the suc- g the er of orld, reful il of cide cred a * »” RR ~ MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 35 RUBBERS Nothing but RUBBERS GOOD RUBBERS—Though ~ BANIGANS ~ WOONASQUATUCKETS “NUFF SED.” ast || EDWARD R. RICE, Selling Agent, CHICAGO. BUFFALO. aa @ a MICHIGAN SALESMEN : ED. D. HUTCHINSON, No. 30 Winder Street, Detroit, Mich. * C. W. ALLISON, No. 267-9 Franklin Street, Chicago, Ill. & N. H. LONG, No. 267-9 Franklin Street, Chicago, Ill. 36 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN OUR FOREIGN TRADE. America Must Pay More Attention to Her Customers, In the year 1890 the population of the State of New York was within 3,000 of being 6,000,000 persons. In the year i8or the population of the Dominion of Canada was 4,833,000 persons. In brief, one of the great states of our country had nearly a million and a quarter more inhabitants than the vast British de- pendency known as the Dominion of Canada. Furthermore, at this time the population of Canada was decreasing and its debt per capita was increasing. Exactly the contrary was and is true of the United States. This has always been the cause of great wonderment to me thousands and thousands of farmers were In the foreign different Indiana > On one side happy and prosperous. land, t with soi! not from that to be found in Ohio, and Michigan, were fewer farmers and those were less prosperous and not con- tented. and are so } } badly men and youtg women are cont ly streaming across the river to find better employ- I ovelier wom foreigner tells you th tell him to go home—take a look around to see if it is not so. Ask him to look at the average home life of his coun- try and see what measure of content- ment he tinds. Tell him to bring on his standard of pretty girls and manly boys and sturdy men and staunchly true women and we will have a show-down for points. What's all this got to do with the ex- pansion of American trade—the subject which I am assigned to write about? It has everything to do with it. spirit has produced the highest standard of living on earth. We make and build and grow to meet the requirements and exactions of that standard. tor this, our ingenuity and expediency in labor-saving and economic devices have the progressive peoples. At first we had the best and then had the best at lower prices. This, of course, is dealing with We other surpassed by } averages. are excellec This | In striving | efforts of all other | his foreign customer had no methods of his own. | The same complaint from South | American countries is so old that it seems hardly worth repeating. Millions rc dollars worth of American shoes are sold in South America, but they are sold through German jobbers. It is the same shoe which our merchants are trying to sell down there, but the German knows how to sell and we do not. The South | American wants long time and other consi-erations. The American does | hot want to grant the time nor to give the | other considerations. The German sim- | ply charges a higher price for an Amer- ican made shoe to cover the cost of the favers and sells the goods. The South | American does not care about the price. He wants to be pleased. This German |salesman is the premier. None other /can touch him in South America. He jhas a smattering of all forms of the Spanish and Portuguese languages. He the same. The enterprising and _ in- genious American is apt not to be satis- fied with continuing to sell an article when there have been improvements. He offers the new and better article at the same price. If he does this without regard to the native’s fondness for the same label, he is apt to lose the trade. Americans are not linguists. They ram around in all parts of the world, speaking English or broken Americano, trying to do business. They leok upon all other peoples who are not like them as freaks. Their curious eyes are seek- ing peculiarities. About these they talk to their wives, children and friends when they return to America. They do not learn the ordinary and commonplace side of the foreigners. They do not become familiar with the home side of their distant customers. They know all about their customers in Idaho, Mis- souri or Maine—they are prepared to sympathize with any little detail of life. They know how much it costs to be born, to marry or to die. They know what it costs to educate children and what these children are doing every minute of the day while they are being educated. The seller of goods establishes his re- lationship and sympathy on a common- place and personal basis. The two un- derstand one another. The seller knows why miners need one kind of shoes and the lumber jacks another. He is ready to supply both needs. He knows the exact price that clothing should be sold for for children of families in differ- ent grades of social or industrial life. He can talk intelligently on all these. He patiently and minutely studies all these needs. He knows that unless he gives satisfaction as to detail and price, he can not sell that customer. Yet it is very different when this sell- er of goods begins dealing with the for- eigners. In the first place he is apt to have only an imperfect, if any, under- standing of the language of the man he is about to do business with. There- fore, it is almost impossible for him to } money ja few days get to know his customer and get in Sympathy with his daily life. The American is more apt to look upon his customer as a singular freak. He is only going to do business with him for and then he will get his and his big profit, and that is the end of the foolish fellow who prefers } iy }to live as an Orientz rather than as an American. As a matter of fact, the Oriental is a product of a very ancient civilization. In the course of a few thousand years he | has tried many wavs of living and has arrived at the one he is now using—to |him long experience has shown it to be It is certainly entitled to con- he Sideration I ons and millions i in an ordi in the customs of % ” ae ie iittie troubies and little joys the same as other peo- pies, and are not freaks. If the American would get the best adv ge of the commerce of the » he will first understand the peo- the world, and then try to give what they can buy to add to the conveniences and comforts of their or- dinary and commonplace lives. If they want a pin with a peculiar de- i them. Do not try to the Americans’ favor- See that knob on this. to ie 2. - ie ae eee MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 37 QOOOQOQOOOQDOOSGQGOOOQOQ OOQOGQOOOSO DOOOQOOQOOQOODOOOODOS DOGQOQHOOQOOQHODOOGHOSOGQOGQODODOOSHHOHHHHOOODDHDDHHDOOHDODOHDOODHDHODOOQOOES| QOHDHOOOO OOQOOQOQOOOOQOHOOQOOOOOOQOOQOQOOQO® THE PEOPLE’S CHOICE | #* FALL 1900 # Puritan Special THE BEST HAT MADE TO RETAIL AT $3.00. G. H. GATES & CO.,_~ = NEW WHOLESALE HAT HOUSE. 4 i COQDQOOQOO OOOGOHOQOOO© HOHODOOOOOOODHODODODOOOQOGDOGDOPDOOGQ OOGOGOOODDODODOGDSVENS Detroit, Mich. POOQGOODOLOGQOOOEQOOS®™ YOO DOOOOQOOQODO HOOQGQOHOOD!S OOO OOOE@OOQOOO®D iJ * Y SS eS BCaeserEs ( Cs , Bf Crocker=-Wheeler Machinery SACI ASASISS 4 Wholesale Supply Dealers IIASA PI ASASASAE SS CESS Cees eS SES ES ESSESES Sawyer-Man Lamps G. R. Electric Co. 9 South Division Street GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Aaa aSeA eee SSE ESS 3B PSEA SAPS SSS Telephones a f bi f : : : ZN AN % e CIOG CPO OOO OEP OOS Gogg The Cappon & Bertsch Leather Co. Leather and Shoe WE have recently re- Everything Findings fitted our four story build- in the 88; ing and put in a new Saddlery Hardware, ce een Saddlery and Shoe Robes, we think, the most com- Finding Line. Blankets, Sweat plete stock in the State ms of Michigan, and are in Pads, good shape to. give Buyers Dusters, Nets, prompt and careful at- of Whips, tention to our customers’ Hides, Pelts and Collars, Etc. — Furs. fm a a a JOO Canal St., 2 Grand Rapids, Michigan. CECT OC OC OC OC OC Oe TEN 38 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN where by means of advertising American public can be taught to little pink, woolly pills to keep the from coming out. In many count aes our superior advertising faci lacking, and it is teach the people to take diff and colors of pills for differe plaints. The English and Germ their distant customers what they want regardless of what is most liked at home. The American is slow to do a sie ow this. While he can prove to the satisfac- tion of any sensible i that his article suitable for his do him any good t fellow whe habits of th wants and spend him that he wants sor is where the supr id the American is a handicap. e Is a nat- ural born reformer. He not only wants to be happy and comfortable, but he wants to force everyone else he comes in contact with to be happy and c fortable in the same way and by the me we wn et little children at home keep bank accounts and pay the expenses of their doll h ing with checks and kee Pp double entry accounts. Every American |‘ knows the convenience of our business methods. From childhood up, American business man i g facilitate the expedience of business transactions. We all know the valu of discounts and how to borrow ist ee JUSEKEET 3 i € money to save pennies in business. But the South American wants to take ten months or more to pay—don’t care what the price is and has no interest in our business methods. If we want to sell him, we must have an interest in his. We must please. All this is written by a man who does not know very much about business methods and never suid a dollar’s worth of goods in a foreign country and never bought anything in foreign countries but victuals and clothing. He has, however, talked to a great many men who are in- terested in the foreign end of trade. They all have the same thing to say: America does not pay enough attention to her customers. Commercially speak- ing, we are arrogant and dictatorial when abroad. In Kansas the commer- cial traveler is willing to join the Methodist church to sell a bill of goods to the leading harness dealer. Yet his concern will send traveling men to Mexico with no instruction to be con- ciliatory towards the customers. About a year ago, Gulchowski warned the people of Germany against Ameri- can business men and manufacturers. He said that they were the great manu- facturers and commercial people on the face of the globe—he said that they had built up their own country and would now invade other countries with their goods, which were superior and cheap. He warned the Germans that they must wake up There can be no question but what America is to be the greatest furnisher of manufactured goods of any nation in the world. She will distance the others so rapidly that in a few years they will not be mentioned in the same class. It is only in a few years that America has turned her attention seriously to foreign commerce. Up to this time the reach- ing out for foreign trade has been mere- ly incidental to domestic business. Now that the mind has been set in that di- rection and American energy has been turned, wonderful things will be accom- plished in a few years. Yet it is worth while to heed the experienced traders and remedy some of the present meth- ods. This is no place for figures, but it al- most goes without showing that Amer- ave no great fear of England or of Germany. Canada represents land can do in Amer Canada slowly growing weaker, while America is becoming the greatest giant ld ever saw, is an illustration of what mparatively few years our Pacific, will be as impor- rontvard, the Atlantic, and the United States will control the com- merce of the Pacifi It will have more of the trade of the a than all other nations combined. These are conclusions remises, but the American spirit is the best proof of the statement. In that we have confidence. Otto Carmichael. —__~»> 2 <.______ Why the Boy Was Fitted to Be a Lawyer. [he great lawyer was just ready to go e when his office door was rudely ed open by a tall, shabby looking man who entered, impudent-looking, twelve- The man sank into a being asked, while the withe a remarkably year-old boy. seat without hoy went ully at the calf-bound volumes. ‘Well, sir,’’ said the lawyer, with some asperity, “‘what can I do for ‘Say, mister,’’ said the man, speak- ing in a low tone of voice, ‘*1] want you to take my son Willie into your office’’— ‘Very sorry,’’ began the lawyer, haif sine. ‘Wait a minute, wait a minute,’’ said the man, hastily. ‘*Willie ain't like other boys, Willie ain’t. He’d be a treasure to any first-class lawyer, Wil- lie would. Knows more law than some men three times his age, Willie does.”’ ‘Really, I don’t care to hear any more about Willie, interrupted the lawyer. ‘‘I tell you, that | have no va- cancy in my office just at present. ‘Make one—make one,’’ whispered the man, hastily. ‘‘It’ll pay you. Why, Willie has been a lawyer ever since he was born. As soon as he could talk, he told his ma he’d apply to the courts for an injunction if she didn’t take the pin out of his swaddling clothes. When he got a year or two older and learned how to print, that boy drew up a con stitution and by-laws for the regulation of the wall.’ ‘Really, you must excuse me,’’ tered the lawyer, wearily. ‘Wait a little,’’ said the man, feel- ing in his pocket and pulling outa soiled scrap of paper, ‘‘this is his latest. The other day I told him to give his brother an orange. He did it, and gave him this along with it; wait while I read it: ‘ ‘Brother George Adolphus, I here- by give, grant and convey to youall my interest, right, title and advantage of and in said orange, together with its rind, skin, juice, pulpand pits; and all rights and advantage therein, with full power to bite, suck or otherwise eat the same, or give away with or without the rind, skin, juice, pulp or pits; anything hereinbefore or in any other deed or deeds, instruments of any nature or kind whatsoever to the contrary in any wise withstanding.’ ’’ ‘That’s all his own work,’’ said the man, proudly, ‘‘and | thought i: 8 brought him over here, you’d find him a position as manager or something. That boy is too bright to be at school any longer. What do you say?’ But the lawyer had fied leaving the office in possession of the applicants. s+ — For every successful man you meet you will meet a dozen unsuccessful ones who claim to have given him a start. mut- leading by the hand} over to the bookcase and gazed | nursery and pinned them to the | Renee Lyon, Kymer & Palmer Co. We cordially invite the trade to inspect the most carefully selected assortments we have ever exhibited, among which are the following: Photograph albums, autograph albums, scrap albums, atomizers, cuff and collar boxes, cigar cases, cribbage boards and boxes, frames, glove and handkerchief boxes, jewel cases, lap tablets, manicure sets and fittings, music rolls, mirrors, necktie cases, opal ware. odor bottles, photo cases, shaving sets, smokers’ sets, toilet sets and fittings, trinket boxes, thermometers, work boxes, medallions, fancy waste baskets eZ = . CXEXE 5% MSS Tas BX x Rosa is XE ALLA Sa i“ XE EZ S eX mon ne EGG e - ary eS Fee ee re EP ARMIES OL went cai a e. PA We TOYS Iron and mechanical toys. A, B, C blocks, building blocks, tool chests, parlor croquet, games, black boards. BOOKS Standard and miscellaneous, juveniles, twelves mos., sixteen mos., illustrated books, bibles and testaments, Episcopal prayer books and hymnals, Catholic prayer books, school books, standard sets, encyclo- pedias, new novels, etc., etc., etc. Lyon, Kymer & Palmer Co. Booksellers, Stationers, Importers BS NENG RE MERC RENE RENE NORS 20 and 22 Monroe Street Grand Rapids, Michigan yy ] ae Kone Ze hee Zz , A . XEXKEXE Se. MSS cs Xe Sm i (EIA XKE MDS % WZ, Tas EXE, AYA NGS EXE EGG We es - a ' NURSERIES ee oe Sis MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 39 KING COAL. Reminiscences and Predictions of a Local Handler. Few people probably appreciate the generosity of nature in her wonderful gifts. Each succeeding year adds new gems to the already glittering crown of our Creator. The good peopie of Mich- igan should be grateful, indeed, for the lavish manner in which our Creator has bestowed upon his people the almost in- exhaustible supply of natural resources. The primitive forests of Michigan were, indeed, a most wonderful gift. How beautiful must have been the Peninsular State with her magnificent forests of watrior oak, sugar maple and the al- most inexhaustible pine and hemlock, towering heavenward, almost scraping the clouds in their flight from lake to lake. The ruthless axe of the woodsmen, however, has robbed nature of its prim- itive beauties and, in their stead, we find golden fields of grain and beauti- ful orchards of fruit. The evolution of civilization has wrought such wonderful changes in the past decade that it now becomes necessary to look for some fuel other than wood for commercial and household purposes. However, the in- comprehensible and inexhaustible re- sources of nature, together with Ameri- can ingenuity, skill and energy, al- ways respond to our needs and herein lies the cause of our marvelous success as a great nation. After a silent slum- ber of centuries, nature again responds to the requirements and demands of man by unlocking the coal measures of the Saginaw Valley. We find, upon re- viewing the coal statistics of the State, that up to and including 1875 only 350, - ooo tons of coal were produced in Mich- igan. From 1875 to 1898 there was an average annual production of about 80,000 tons, the principal portion being mined in Jackson county. !t will, there- fore, be observed, while coal mining in our State for many years has been a prominent industry, it never reached a sufficient magnitude to permit shipping of any consequence. In 1808 the coal fields of the Saginaw Valley were developed to such a extent as to bring the product of the State up to over 300,000 tons. In 1899 Michigan produced over 600,000 tons, increasing her output 98 per cent. The produc- tion for 1900 is estimated at 1,200,000 tons. Competent authorities declare that it is only a question of four or five years when the Saginaw Valley will produce at least 2,000, 000 tons of coal per annum. With only a limited home market and three railroads competing for this ton- nage, it can be readily seen that a good cheap fuel, suitable for both steam and domestic purposes, is at our door. When we come to realize that from 5 to 10 per cent. of the cost of our living expenses is paid out for fuel, it at once becomes apparent that the coal fields of Michi- gan will prove to be a great natural ad- vantage to our people, reducing, or, at least, holding down, the cost of one of the necessities of the household, as well as our manufacturing interests. The writer engaged in the coal busi- ness in 1881, about one year before the first issue of the Tradesman. At that time there were used in Grand Rapids not to exceed 40,000 tons of all kinds of coal. At the present time it requires not less than 200,000 tons to meet the re- quirements of our progressive and ever- growing city. We often hear the expression, ‘‘Coal is king.’’ Living in a great land of plenty, perhaps few people realize the force of this expression. The latent power of the billions of tons of coal stored within the bowels of the earth is as incomprehensible as time and space, except that it is impossible to exhaust the first, while coal is being con- sumed at such a rapid pace, it makes one’s brain whirl while analyzing the annual tonnage statistics. Perhaps it would not he out of place to consider briefly the magnitude of the coal indus- try of the United States and our present unique position in the world’s coal mar- ket. Twenty years ago English coals were exported to nearly every civilized country in enormous quantities at such prices that American coals could not compete. To-day, however, our ships are sailing from Baltimore, Newpoit News, Norfolk and other Atlantic ports to Capetown, Marseilles, Port Said, Triste, Tampico, Havana, the Baltic Sea and many Mediterranean ports, loaded with the American production, competing with the best English and Welsh coals. Competent authorities, both in the United States and England, assert that it is only a question of a few years when American coal will command the world’s export trade. Only a few months ago, Great Britain engaged 450, - ooo tons of Pocahontas coai for her own use in the navy. The writer’s prediction is that one hundred years hence the whole world will come to realize that ‘‘King Coal’’ is the greatest of all monarchs and _ that his dwelling place is throughout the length and breadth of a great nation that ‘‘Knows no king and no con- queror."’ Arthur S. Ainsworth. —_—-_$~<&@6»—___ He Found Out. He was a city man. He raved loudly against monopolies every time he paid his gas bills. He declared himself in favor of mu- nicipal ownership of public utilities. He used to write letters to the papers on the subject. One day he saw an advertisement in the daily paper. The advertisement read, *‘Send a dol- lar and learn how to save your gas bills!’ i He hastened to send his dollar, im- mediately. He went around with a happy smile. He was eager to get square company. In course of time the answer came. He opened it eagerly and read: ‘‘Dear sir, your enquiry and fee re- ceived. ‘*How to save your gas bills? Paste them in a book, and keep the book ina safe place.’’ Then he swore. swore ardently. —_ ~-ées.. What Her Father Said. He—Did you speak to your father about our engagement? She—Well, not exactly; but I told him you were thinking of getting mar- ried. He—And what did he say? She—He said he wasn’t surprised to hear that, for you never did have much sense. the next few days with the He swore long. He —___> 0 >____ Selling Regardless of Cost. Clerk (to employer)—What shall I mark that new lot of black silk? Employer—Mark the selling price at $3 a yard. Clerk—But it only cost $1 a yard. Employer—I don’t care what it cost. I am selling it regardless of cost. A hutcher in New York uses some quaint cards in his store windows. One that has heen permanently displayed reads: ‘‘Meat-ing house for all Sects.’’ Another runs, ‘‘Lucky bettors win the stakes. Lucky people can not win any better steaks than we sell here.’’ rewuvuvvuvuvuvvvwvvsevvvvvvvvuvvuvvvvivwvwvv™ Be Dn bt atin Mn Mn Mins Mn Mn Ma Ln hn te GF OUOVCV VEST GUST SEOOE OOO GT OST ODOODOST ODETTE VG , mr UY YOUR LANK Books | STOCK Or Write Me for Prices. | HAVE OVER 250 Styles 100 Styles RESCUE CTV TT STOTT Oe evrrew FOUCCCCUCCCCCCVCVCVCVCVCVCVUVVUUVUUCV VV VV VV VV iS GPOUCVOSECOESCCCTEFTSTSCSTCEGST CCC COE GOST Of Memorandums, Pass Of Blank Books, composed Books, Price Books, Order of Ledgers, Journals, Day Books, Cash Books, Cash Books, Tally Books, Expense Sales Books, Trial B: es Books, Etc., > Trial Balances, Letter Copying Books, Etc., From which to make a selection. PwuvCCrT eT YT V' i ee eee PU VV VES POU VU UV UV UV VVvVuVVVNVVVY When I say that I have a good 500 page ledger for 50c and a rPevuervevCCTrCT CCC CT VTVTVeVveVvVTVvVVVvVvVTVTvTT™ GUO UUCUCSE ETC CET OECCCCCTOCCOOCCOT CETTE < better one for $5.00 it may give you some idea of the variety of $ goods I carry. 2 , ‘ ‘ ¢ WILL M. HINE, Commercial Stationer, 3 > 49 Peart st. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Phone 529. 2 ; , 4 ae hb bb th bb hp hh tp ho tn be bn ba tr bata tanta baba bata tata tute. baling PubpaiutinLan Dulin Lanta fr re ee ee ee eee rere) © Maddocks Glove Co. : 116 Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Mich. The best goods at lowest prices. One of Our Many Good Sellers No. 300 full covered calf mitt, welted, knit wrist $4.50 per doz. Nov. 1 dating, 6 off 10. Other numbers equally as good value. You want the best to be had for the money, then write us for samples Now. FUUETIVUCESITSD, < = © cm 40 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN CITY BUILDING As Exemplified by the Local Board of Trade. The Board of Trade ideas, as exem- plified in the status and growth of Grand Rapids’ business interests, is the best type of mercantile, manufactur- ing and commercial co-operation to be found to-day outside of those legally tabooed, but commercially honored, or- ganizations known as trusts. It is, in- deed, an expression of the same sage business wisdom that dictates the amal- gamation of one hundred thousand in- terests into one interest; it directs one hundred thousand separate and indi- vidual campaigns for the city's ad- vancement into one united and powerful campaign, and just as the trust, prop erly managed, must invariably cut down expenses and increase earnings, so does this municipal compact, the Board of Trade, succeed in its chattered pur- pose of promoting the public welfare through the city’s welfare. This Board of Trade idea is in har- mony with the political and business principles of the times. While our civil government is the best form of pure democracy that man has yet been able to devise, this system exists, we have been lately reminded, only on the basis of centralized, powerful and stable fed- eral government. The recent passage of our Nation through peril of foreign war and our conscious serenity when again confronted with the prospect of partic- ipation in another gigantic conflict are vindication enough for this strong re- publican centralization. In commercial life this principle of complete unification has been even more perfectly developed. We are no longer a nation of individuals engaged in in- dividual business pursuits. Whether we like it or not, it is the spirit of the age to organize, centralize, unify for thousands to act commercially as one. This demand for organization, co-oper- ation, united strength and central direc- tion has come to be recognized in near- ly every department of life. It is equal- ly needed to run a base ball nine ora Sunday school. It has become necessary to act out the system in careful and costly detail to determine the will of the people at every political election. Even the realm of art has had to mold its brightest ideals into a like pattern, and the annual tours of the great opera sing- ers, for example, must needs be shaped on the basis of comprehensive organiza- tion on the part of attraction managers. This situation, as | take it, is but the adaptation of the old-time military spirit to all the affairs of life. What, may I ask, has always been the watch- word of success in war but discipline, discipline? We have learned, in pur- suit of the arts of peace, that the same method is applicable here,and only this method. Discipline in. the military sense is to be translated as ‘‘scientific co-operation,’’ commercially speaking. Scientific co-operation, applied to the affairs of a city, yields what discipline and power together insure in the work of war. And this brings me _ back to my point, that the Board of Trade idea in city life is the best expression of modern business methods—it typifies that ‘‘scientific co-operation’’ without which nothing in modern times, save absolute genius, can hope to win suc- cess. I find, therefore, abundant ground to congratulate Grand Rapids on the per- fect stage to which this bureau for the public good has been developed and is to-day maintained. It explains much to the stranger within our gates. The fact that our Board of Trade has been pos-y sible implies a foundation of public spirit not vouchsafed to cities of less commercial importance-—and, indeed, to few of whatever commercial power in the same proportion of activity and in- fluence to population represented. If the student of civic and commer- cial greatness should ask, **What are the factors needed to insure the best type of a Board of Trade?’’ he would consciously* be asking, ‘‘What factors make a city great?’’ The fact that the citizens of an American city can realize to the full the purposes of a progressive Board of Trade is simply another way of saying that their city is already great, or at least making winning strides to greatness, for the elements of success are necessarily now hard at work, under capable leadership, and success can not be withheld. To one who has had dealings with these factors it is easy to epitomize the forces abso- | lutely needed to insure the working of a | Board of Trade of the best type, and it is to the possession of these elements in her civic and commercial life that every city must aspire: 1. Unification of interests to the point of city altruism, where purely in- dividual gains are forgotten. This is patriotism. 2. Co-operation to the point of per- fect automatism. This involves the dis- cipline of good citizenship. 3. Systematic work, which means business methods reduced to a science. 4. A policy of eternal aggressiveness, without halting or vacillation. It is civic virtues such as these that have made Grand Rapids famous. There is one detail of bureau man- agement more important than any other for success in this work—the careful organization and the routine service of committees. This is but the application of what has been said concerning the wisdom of co-operation. It has been our first object, in the development of the Grand Rapids Board of Trade, care- fully to make up and maintain working committees—each with a_ responsible head,each responsible for a given work, each responding with loyality, with a working interest on the part of its entire membership that could not be de- veloped, I am sure, by any other sys- tem. Not only do active, responsible committees do more work than could a single official, but each committee, hav- ing its regular duties, its regular officers and its regular meetings, accomplishes more to develop working esprit de corps’ among the business men of a city than any other agency. The legitimate campaign of such a civic bureau of publicity and promo- tion can be even more briefly stated : 1. Attracting notice. 2. Attracting visitors. 3. Attracting trade. 4. At- tracting new enterprises, in the form of men, money and industries. The rewards of such system and effort can be summed up briefer yet: Suc- cess. Success has no criterion. It al- lows no further comment than the re- minder that success for the city means success for the whole people. Commercial co-operation on sucha basis has many subordinate advantages. It conserves economy of time, effort, money. But that was anticipated in al- iuding to its lineage with trusts. There are distinct benefits, too, which are apparent only to those in confiden- tial touch with every local commercial interest. These may never rise into publicity, but they are the more forceful for it. Let me hint at but one arising in the experience of Grand Rapids: The furniture interest not only is the chief one of the city, but its represen- tatives are among the controlling fac- tors in the Board of Trade. In times past, when the city was younger and its commercial bureau was just developing its potent influence, there were sup- posed, erroneously, to be conflicting in- terests among competing firms, and this led to more or less jealousies, bickerings and antagonisms. Did these ever reach the public—even become known to our own citizens? Nay; the Board of Trade as arbiter was able to suppress them all and to harmonize factional differences within its own councils, to the credit of public spirit and mutual progress. But for this court, many a contest of rivals would have come to be refereed by the people, with eventual damage to the name of this market. Again, such a bureau often protects business firms against fake schemes to get money for “‘public’’ enterprises which are in fact advertising privateer- ing. This was illustrated but recently in our city: A company of advertising and write-up specialists announced their coming to Grand Rapids bya spe- cial car as the servants of four great Eastern newspapers which, they said, were spending large sums to acquaint the East with the business importance and opportunities of the Middle West. Every arrangement was made to enter- tain the guests in the sumptuous and dignified manner characteristic of Grand Rapids. The Board of Trade, at con- siderable personal inconvenience to its members, met the visitors in special session. ‘‘Gentlemen, you can have a page write-up in the four papers we _ repre- sent, and it will cost you just $2,850,’’ was the proposal of the spokesman. The members of the Board counselled, when they had recovered from their sur- prise--for they had consented to an audience with journalists, not advertis- ers. ‘*We do Board. ‘*Have you any objection to our can- vassing for individual support?’’ asked the visitors. ‘No objection whatever,’’ said the Board; and, indeed, an officer of the Board went with the visitors to intro- duce them to representative business firms. This is what the canvassers got in quick succession : From the first firm interviewed: ‘‘So far are we here from advertising furni- ture under the name of the firm manu- facturing it, that we are all parties to a common agreement looking to the use of the sole trademark ‘Grand Rapids’ up- on all makes as a united guarantee of quality. Besides, this firm acts in such general matters only through the Board of Trade, and whatever the Board does we will be bound by.’’ The second concern visited said: **See our Board of Trade, gentlemen. It will be useless for us to canvass your proposition. We shall co-operate in whatever the Board outlines, so go di- rectly there.’’ At the third stop the canvassers were told: ‘‘See the Board of Trade, as that body acts for us in all matters of pub- licity. We will bear our share of what- ever expense the Board contracts.’’ Another, and another, business house said: ‘‘Gentlemen, we will co-operate cheerfully in whatever the Board out- lines,etc. We will donothing as indi- viduals, etc., etc.’’ The committee at length stopped for breath in the street. ‘It appears to be a cinch game,’ said the canvasser-in-chief after reflec- tion, ‘‘and | see no need in going further into this situation. It is evident that Grand Rapids business men and the Grand Rapids Board of Trade have a complete understanding and a method not easily altered.’’ Such spontaneity of action is only possible where there is in existence the sort of a commercial machine with such a backing as I have ju-t eulogized. Such factors are of prime importance in the life of every ambitious city. H. D. C. Van Asmus. ” not want it,’’ voted the ae % et oe L ah i wi eee hae ep aint ance lest. iter- and rand con- its cial age pre- . ? 9, led, sur- ) an Trtis- the can- sked the the ntro- ness > got oo irni- anu- to a se of , up- ee of 2 the oard said: n. It your e in . di- were that pub- vhat- louse erate -out- indi - d for me,’”’ eflec- soing ident 1 and have ethod only e the with tized. ice in us. sepa MICHIGAN TRADESMAN | 41 H. LEONARD & SONS GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS, GLASSWARE, CROCKERY. NOTIONS AND HOLIDAY GOODS IN CHINA DOLLS, TOYS, ALBUMS, CASE GOODS, BOOKS AND NOVELTIES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION View of one of our sample rooms, the entire display now being on our second floor and covering a space, devoted to sampies only, of 10,500 square feet. FOR THE HOLIDAYS IRRESISTIBLE NOVELTIES, LOWEST PRICES eI PS PST OC AS BB OSS RSS It is now an accepted fact that “Catalogue Prices” are the lowest. They have to be, as that is their only argument. Our catalogue is one of the best and our prices are just what you would expect—lower than most firms and as low as any. If you are not on our mailing list send for a copy. If you watch its prices it will save you money, SURE. Our Complete Catalogue ready Sept. 16—267 pages. Drop us a postal for a copy. Pee ewe SAAS ESE BARS Coming to town? Come in. All we’ve got is at your service. KES 5 ag8S AES PSPS PSS ew eS EES MICHIGAN TRADESMAN FORTY YEARS IN HARDWARE. Some Changes Which Four Decades Have Wrought. You ask me to furnish an article for the eighteenth anniversary number of your valuable paper, which will, ina measure, furnish your readers with some information as to the difference in methods of conducting the hardware business, as we are accustomed now to know them, and conditions eighteen years ago. The first thought is that this an easy thing to do, that there have been great changes in eighteen years, and that one can easily fill a column or two in enum- erating them, but I find it a very diffi- cult task to write a satisfactory article confined to the experiences of so short a time. It is true that in eighteen years there have been many changes, both in goods and in methods. A score of years ago we had more trade with lumbermen and less with furniture manufacturers. It is within this period of time, I think, that the old iron cut nail has been displaced by the steel cut nail, and it in turn by the steel wire nail, now almost ex- clusively used. 1 would not like you to ask me to go back and give you a his- tory of changes which have taken place since Wilder D. Foster started the first tinshop in this city in 1837, for this is only a matter of hearsay and I wouid not be good authority. Neither ask me to commence with 1845, when the firm of Foster & Parry was formed, for that, while a matter of record, was before my time. 1 have before me, as I write, the arti- cles of co-partnership above referred to, dated July 1845, in which I find the following sentence : ‘‘They each of them have this day paid in the full sum of one hundred and fifty dollars to be used, laid out and employed in common between them, in the management of said trade and business, to their mutual benefit and advantage.’’ Ask me to tell you some of the changes which have taken place in the hardware business during the past thirty-eight vear: and a more extended article can be written. Strange as it may seem, | think it is a fact that as we grow older we live over again in our minds the days of our youth. We live in the past. We remember much more vividly the happenings of our daily life when young than we do the occurrences of later life. So it seems I remember more distinctly the early methods, the class of goods handled and the people we did business with. In 1862 the shelves of a hardware es- tablishment did not look much as they do now. Then most of the shelf and many of the heavy gceods were im- ported. We did not have the tasteful paper and wooden boxes nicely sampled on our shelves, but instead a clumsily done up paper package, with a sample of the contents tied on the outside. Every time an article was sold this package had to be taken down, the con- tents shown, and, aftera sale was made what was left was done up again, re- sampled and returned to its place on the shelf. You can readily imagine the appearance of the shelves after the day’s work was done; and the days were long—from early morning until 9 o’clock or after, six days in the week. There was no wholesale ‘hardware trade inthe city, as there were no coun- try stores tributary to us who handled hardware. There were no railroads to bring us customers. Our trade, outside o> of the city, was exclusively with lum- bermen and farmers, and how we did dread the rainy periods of spring and fall when the roads were impassable by reason of the mud and our customers could not come to town! There were no factories making pressed tinware, the result being that every establishment had to run a well- equipped tinshop for making pieced ware, stovepipe, elbows, etc., besides doing general job work, from putting up conductors and eave troughs to making steam pipes of copper for our river boats, at $1 per pound for the copper and $8 per day for coppersmith and helper. | remember, also, that we paid 75 cents per dozen for making common stove pipe elbows, we furnishing tools, shop room, stock, heat and light. There was much barter in the early convenient place in the floor of the salesroom was a trap door leading to the bin in the basement. After weigh- ing the bag--they were usually brought in a bag—-the contents were shaken out into the bin, stones and ail, for even the honest farmer would sometimes not be careful in filling the bag. When the bin was full and trade quiet, the ‘‘cub’’ was sent into the bin to assort and sack ready for shipment to Eastern paper mills. I should think I spent nearly half of my first year in the rag bin, working by the light of a coal oil lantern or candle, and this reminds me that | can remember when the only lan- tern made or sold in our establishment used a candle as a means of light. It was constructed of tin, with a light of 7x9 glass in front; in fact, our first production had no glass, the rays of days of the hardware trade in Grand|light coming through slits cut in the Rapids. Anything the farmer raised|tin with what was called a ‘‘lantern could be changed for goods. Wood, | chisel.’’ 1 doubt if there is a ‘‘lantern dressed hogs, corn, potatoes, cheese and | butter were taken and disposed of to employes. Our factories and mills paid their hands largely in orders on the stores and settled their accounts once each year. The farmer was offended if asked to pay before harvest, and did not always pay then. It was necessary to keep a man on the road all the time, with a buckboard in summer and sleigh in winter, making settlements, and many a note was saved from outlawing by endorsing the vaiue of a meal taken with him, usually 25 cents. The store was not supplied with por- ters to wash windows, get up heavy goods from the basement and wowd for heating. The clerks did all of that work and the brunt of it usually fell upon the youngest of them. One feature is still remembered with vividness and that is the rag bin. All hardware stores took rags —both city and country rags—for goods. In some chisel’’ in any hardware store in the United States at the present time. There have been many, many changes in the character of goods handled. 1 can not begin to enumerate them. The scythe and cradle have been to a great extent displaced by the mower and reap- er, now handled exclusively by agricul- tural and implement dealers in the city. Belting, packing and mill supplies generally have left the hardware stock and are sold by establishments paying particular attention to this class of goods. The wagon, carriage and_har- ness hardware is also handled by ex- clusive houses. The spinning wheel, which used to take up so much room, has given place to the bicycle in many hardware stores. The tinshop has been almost abolished, outside work being done by houses established for this pur- pose, and pieced tinware has been largely displaced by pressed ware. The rough ironware for kitchen use has al- most disappeared and we have the lighter granite and polished steelware. The steel knife and fork, with wood or bone handle, has given place to fine plated or sterling goods. The old and clumsy counters have to some extent disappeared, their place being taken by handsome plate glass show cases, filled with attractive goods. Barbed wire for fencing now employs the capital formerly invested and logging supplies, while sporting goods occupy the space formerly taken up by heavier and rougher goods neces- sary in a newly settled country. The old wooden carpenter planes have given place to the lighter iron tool, in endless variety. The old boring ma- chines are nearly a thing of the past, and shop work by machinery has made unnecessary many carpenter tools which were constantly called for. I think the most important and grati- fying change that has been made in the hardware business is the change from imported goods to those of American manufacture. American iron, American steel, American tinplate, and the man- ufactured products thereof, constitute 95 per cent. of a stock of hardware at the present time, while in 1862 about as large a proportion was imported. Wilder D. Stevens. i Dried Oysters From China. From the New Orleans Times-Democrat. ‘“A few days ago,’’ said a New Or- leans Bohemian, ‘‘I dropped in to see my friend Lee Yip, who keeps what he calls a ‘glocely stol,’ which is as near as he can come to grocery store. He gave me an excellent cigar and present- ly he said: ‘You like dly ostel?’ ‘What in the name of Confucius is ‘‘dly ostel?’’’ I asked, before I realized that he was talking about dried oysters. ‘Come! I show,’ he replied; and, open- ing the lid of a big box, he took out a handful of what looked exactly like oysters carved in mahogany. They were not shrivelled and warped, like other dried foods, but were as plump and symmetrical as any well conditioned bi- valve fresh from the deep shell. The only difference was that they were dark brown in color and as hard as bricks. When Lee Yip tossed them back into the box they rattled like a handful of marbles. Of course, I was greatly sur- prised, and before I left I took pains to find out all about them. The oysters are caught and prepared at the big na- tive shrimperies on the other side of the lake. The process is a trade secret, but as nearly as I could gather from Lee they are spread on the tops of large sheds and exposed to the sun for several weeks. What prevents decomposition | do not know; but they come out of the operation as sweet and brown as nuts. Last night I tried some by special in- vitation in the back room of a laundry run by another Mongolian friend of mine. They were brought on in a bowl and formed a sort of stew or saute, which was really delicious. The oysters themselves were firm, but exceedin ly tender, and had a peculiar peppery fla vor, different from anything else I have ever tasted. The Chinaman who did the cooking told me he had simply boiled the dried oysters in water and added a small strip of pork and ‘sea- soning.’ When 1 tried to probe into the seasoning feature he suddenly lost command of English, so there, I sus- pect, the secret resides. I am told that the local colony consumes many barrels of these oysters every month, and that large quantities of them are sold in San Francisco and New York.’’ The soft hat was introduced to Amer- ica about 1850 by Louis Kossuth. It became the fashionable head-covering, and has remained so ever since in the Southern and Western States. The army campaign hat and the Rough Rider hat had their origin in a Tyrolean hat that was brought here by some American traveler. in mill | oT ' MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 43 —— ae the t vare. ; ° 1 or : fine 3 3 ve to ~ ‘ : 9 slace he xlass t i ods. Ss loys mh, mill | * ting a . aken ; -CeS- p SS on Sin Se 9 Sw Aaa GA eS Se SB YP Be on £32 have l, in ma- a5 vast, Zi nade ~~ hich ican ican nan- € 95 the = tas a rati- ‘ | the 4 from " A SRE ~ UES ZS 2 RE tye We : > ze /GAR CO het f ein ama 3 c oe iy ah i bye ini i ih LSU Pa , eS GD A the a uts. q in- * dry ‘a of ai ow] a - SOLD BY ALL JOBBERS bi 7 G. J. JOHNSON CIGAR CO. . | MAKERS my nat : Grand Rapids, Mich. 9 re pn ah ie ala eae them intone sein TSE Re ho li 44 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN MICHIGAN FORESTRY. Practical Suggestions by an Acknowl- edged Authority. We must rely, to a great extent, up- on young people and thoughtful people to work out the solution of Michigan's future prosperity. There has been in the past great carelessness in the manage- ment of our public domain, and in many instances this carelessness has bordered upon criminality. It is well for us to face the situation and elimi- nate any useless sentiment from its dis- cussion, treating properly the question of what Michigan shall do to retrieve what she has lest in the destruction of her forest mantle, and give thoughtful consideration to the protection of that portion of our forestry heritage which still remains to us. The motto that was written for the coat-of-arms of our State, ‘*Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam cir- cumspice,’* must have originated in a condition observable before the pioneer lumberman struck this commonwealth. When the French missionaries, Father Marquette and his co-workers, paddled their canoe from the City of Straits northward, touching at Saginaw, Che- boygan, Mackinac, Old Mission, Lud- ington and St. Joseph, they had before they a panorama which was indeed sug- gestive of our motto. The heritage of magnificent forestry growth that came to the State of Michigan, in many re- spects had no equal in the temperate zone. Nowhere else north of the equa- torial region is found sucha wide range of species of tree and shrub life as were native to the Southern Peninsula Michigan. of Without dwelling upon the necessary clearings made by the early settlers in the State, who came here to hew out homes from the forest, I desire to speak to you first of the lumberman’s legacy to our fair State. The early investor in Michigan forest lands, having in view the immediate utilization of the timber growth, found a rich field in the wealth of white pine that was well scattered through certain parts of the Lower Pen- insula. He secured at low prices im- mense areas of this pine and began the work of converting this property into money. In the earlier days there was not so much value in timber as now, and it was only the very cream that the lumberman cared to take. As a natural result of this condition, in taking what he wanted, he left behind him a im- mense amount of debris which, under the action of sun and winds, became as tinder, ready for the first spark to create in it and of it a tremendous conflagra- tion. Forest fires became very common and terribly destructive. In the wake of these great fires was left an abomination of desolation. The lumberman cared nothing for the forest products that were left, not even the soil they rested upon. He had taken the best and was perfectly thoughtless and careless concerning those who should come after him. If these conflagrations could have been limited to the land owned by the lum- bermen our criticism of his methods would not be so relentless, but the ma- terial that was left behind as food for fires became a terrible menace to valu- able timber in the neighborhood, and fires, once started, fed upon great values upon other lands, bringing destruction to innocent people and especially to the holdings of the State. This respon- sibility for damage which lies upon the shoulders of the lumbermen who practiced these slipshod methods is one that can not be shifted by any sub- sequent acts of benevolence in any other direction. In no other field of commercial activ- ity can I find an instance in which a man in so large a sense is his brother's keeper as in the case of the lumberman who is tempted to leave behind him the elements of destruction, which are sure to become a source of great loss to his neighbor. Everywhere through the north central part of the Lower Pen- insula we find examples of this lack of thoughtfulness ; yes, this criminal care- lessness. In what strange contrast to this is an example that occurs to me, in connec- tion with a picture I saw in Switzer- land. Standing on the border of a love- ly avenue of Persian walnut trees in the beautiful town of Interlaken, Switzer- land, and turning your face to the South, in the horizon is outlined that princess of ali the snow-capped Alps that characterize the landscape of the little Republic-the Jungfrau. With her dazzling shroud of eternal ice and snow, supported on either side by the Silber- horn and the Schneehorn, and with grand mountains on the margins of the foreground, her majestic proportions can scarcely be realized. But she is a cold, immovable, heartless maiden, and while at first view, bathed in the fame of a glorious sunset, one feels like bow- ing the head in worship, she can not awaken that warmth of feeling in the human heart which life and movement Stir into activity. Stand still for a mo- ment and allow your eyes to drop from the icy mountain to a relief of land in the immediate foreground, a finely rounded sugar-loaf hill completely cov- ered with a perpetual mantle of living green, with pretty patchwork here and there of variously tinted groups of de- ciduous trees that rest the eye and en- hance the vision. This is the Kleine Rugen—a living monument resting up- jon a dead mountain of rock, to the /memory of Kasthofer,a far-seeing Swiss forester who planted here the chief for- est trees of Switzerland in the early part of this century and which now com- pletely cover it. A barren, ugly hill of dead rock under the intelligent sugges- tion of his mind and _ the moulding power of his hand sprang into beautiful swaying life; an unsightly object stand- ing as a blemish in the otherwise beau- tiful picture of the Jungfrau was trans- formed into an area, the attractive beauty of which not only heightened the grandeur of the mountain landscape but delightfully modified the jagged fore- ground so as to produce a pleasing con- trast, a perfect scene of wondrous beauty. In this bit of thoughtful work on the part of an intelligent forester, | became more impressed than ever be- fore with the importance of beautifying the waste places of the earth by appro- priate tree planting. We have no mountains to cover, but we have plains of vast extent, that should remain forever covered with a forest mantle for the protection of the soil, the rivers that flow out from it and the vast reigon contiguous to it. In- stead of sweeping off every vestige of value and of beauty from this great tract, there should be a thoughtfulness somewhere that would lead to conserv- ing the present growth and utilizing the methods of science in adding to its valuc. We do not need to go into the expensive methods of reforestation of Switzerland and other foreign lands, for the elements of the forest are already here. We simply need to conserve them and Nature will do the rest. The replanting of great areas is not an immediate question with us, but the Saving of great areas from deforesta- tion, and other great ones that have been deforested from the destruction of fire, so that through Nature's processes, the ground may be covered again, isa pres- ent impefative duty. The tree-slaying habit was inaugu- rated in our State by the pioneer, who had excuses for clearing a piece of land from which he could obtain liveli- hood; he simply removed that which was worthlags, in order to widen his op- portunity to grow that which would sup- port life. Because there was no value in the trees that he removed at first, the feeling grew upon him that there was no value in any trees, and he became their enemy and slew them without res- ervation. After becoming the possessor of a goodly area of excellent farming land, he still thought of the value con- tained in the land as a producer of crops that he could sell, and recognized no other value in the woodland forest. He kept on increasing his arable land at the expense of the forest, until through- out the agricultural region of Southern Michigan there was comparatively lit- tle timber left. The p@rpetuation of this tree-slaying habit has been stimulated by the values that could be secured from agricultural crops grown at the expense of the virgin soil. We are to-day in Southern Michigan reaping the results of this pernicious system, based upon a false view ora narrow view of timber values. The harvest we would reap and the pleasure we would have experi- enced with a proper proportion of land in timber, even with no immediate in- come from it, would be even greater than that from the same surface of arable land, because of its protecting qualities for the crops, agricultural and horticultural, grown upon the cultivated land. The mistake of the pioneer is felt so keenly now that we are in a con- dition of mind in Southern Michigan to inaugurate the treeplanting habit. It is difficult to create a boom in this di- rection because so few people are will- ing to make an investment for their children and grandchildren, but the virtues of tree planting are becoming so apparent that the prejudices of those who are not looking t eyond the income for their lifetime are being rapidly overcome because of the greater rapidity with which values can be developed in growing timber. This grows directly out of the new uses to which young growth is adapted. And, again, men have found by experience that in a very few years wind breaks can be grown, whose value can be appreciated in con- nection with the prosecution of agricul- ture, by the man who does the planting. He does not have to wait until he is dead to reap the results of his enter- prise; he does not even have to think that he is planting for his children. Examples of far-seeing thrift of this kind. are getting more common now in Southern Michigan. a The forestry problem for the State is naturally separated into two parts: that which applies particularly to the South- ern counties of Michigan, from which nearly all of the valuable timber has been taken off, and that which applies to the Northern part of the State, in which the conditions are very different, there being a Jess amount of rainfall and large areas of timber as yet un- touched. An adjunct to the second, with somewhat differing conditions, we find in the jack pine plains, where in- tensive agriculture can never be suc- cessful and where even extensive meth- ods are problematical in their results. Natural reserves of timber should be located at the headwaters of rivers. In the Southern part of Michigan, we find the watershed between Huron and Erie v © a mee ene DO DS hws 1 7 ; ™ 1 , wa oS eevee UP CU MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 45 | E Bements Sons F Bements Sons F Bements Sons F Bements Sons F Bement’s Sons q ee lansing Michigan. fansing Michigan. lansing Michigan. lansing Michigan lansing Michigan | SI | | 7 AL | N 4 =) 9 | Vi | tf CMmen OD 3| | aS i ® fansing Michigan. EB ons ‘ 7 ; . ‘ | a : B | 4 Bay a a f_2 | 7 - er oe A cc io a4 0 b | _ ee : potest carves = J nth be RT ttt a ™ sy; Pee fee ; ; ee ed ee 2 Sy é E Bements S lansing Michigan. E Bements Sons lansing Michigan. Sons Would You Like to Receive Our__—_———. ementS Jansing Michigan. Stove Catalogue, Implement Catalogue, Bob Sled Catalogue? EB nH Ss The output of our factory is higher in quality, greater in quantity and variety than that of Yn SI any other plant in Michigan. Our goods are now handled by 1, 100 retail dealers in Michigan, but = | Sees a2 = & we would like to increase this list with your name. i | sa Ss EB ae F. Bements Sons e Jansing Michigan. _ E.Bements Sons F Bements Sons F Bements Sons F Bement’s Sons FE. Bements Sons | Lansing Michigan. Jansing Michigan. lansing Michigan lansing Michigan. Lansing Michigan. EB SW Sursuey a>) SUOS Squaw J ‘Te diq>IW bursue] SUOS SjuauIag J wo su0S webiqaiW Sursue] su0S <7 jauneg J qa r ursue] BigriW 5 Siuauua su0S Bi Ue. ah Sursue] qj Hy SjUatlo Bi UB: SUOS Dh Sursue] Tey D, we SUOG squauIS 7 orsue] gquawog diqgaiW .3UI ‘dads r du Bis iz Ath GER Re Meh ets. >, 46 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN on the one side, and Lake Michigan on the other, has been swept of its timber; the land now is too valuable for agricul- ural purposes for the owner to be tempted to devote it to any large extent to forest growing; and we may never expect the State to take hold of refores- tation in this region, no matter how valuable a work it might be in the in- terests of the whole State. The diffi- culties surrounding the question of se- curing these lands will prevent any gen- eral attempt at reforestation as a protec- tion to the flow of rivers that rise with- in a few miles of each other and run either way to the lakes. The only thing that can be done in this region is to awaken the mind of the people to the importance of individual effort in add- ing to the aggregate area of forest growth. Highway planting and the planting for screens as a protection for grain fields and grasses and fruits can be stimulated ; the beds of streams and the more barren hillsides that are at present unproductive can be inexpen- sively planted to rapidly growing trees. By fostering these simple methods of re- forestation, and aiding individuals by counsel, and possibly stimulating them by the remission of taxes, a great work may be done, even inthis country where the greatest difficulties are to be sur- mounted. But it is in the north country where the most and the best work can be done and where the promises of fruition are greatest. I have recently taken a trip over portions of Oscoda, Ogemaw, Ros- common and Crawford counties, upon what are known as the jack pine plains, and from my observations there, I am greatly encouraged with reference to the possibilities of the future. I have learned that certain kinds of trees grow rapidly upon these pine piains. I have learned that these same varieties of trees become merchantable in a very few years. It was also a delight for me to know that these same species grow seed at a very early age, so that Nature herself can do an excellent job of refor- esting if she is let alone. I was also glad to learn that even some of the finer species of timber, like Norway and white pine, if given half a chance on these plains can be grown successfully. It seems to me that with the solution of the question of how to deal with for- est fires and the elimination of the thiev- ing practices upon the pine plains, this whole region may become a valuable property to the St te of Michigan. This in the face of the fact that many people can see no future for this country be- cause the prosecution of agriculture has been a failure. Their angle of vision has been too narrow and they have ig- nored the best paying crop. The fact is patent that a broad view of this whole country would lead to the reservation of a great part of it for permanent for- estry purposes. In. order to make this area of greatest vlaue to succeeding gen- erations, the State must enter upon plans: of systematic forestry and must have in view something beyond the im- mediate returns from one crop of for- est products. And this brings me to the sub-topic of scientific lumbering. The severely practical man, who has been skinning the land of all its timber and shoving the proceeds into his pocket, may scoff at the idea of science in lumbering, but I do not hesitate to say that any man who does not recognize the value of treating timbered lands so as to utilize to the best possible advantage the young growing timber, has so narrow a view of lumbering that if he were engaged in a mechanical business with so little in- formation and cramped a view, he would be called a duffer. Scientific lumbering in these days is really the most practical. The fact is, we have passed the stage of pioneer work, and have entered into an epoch of larger values in timber products, which em- phasizes the importance of utilizing every possible method that will help to the reproduction of forests. In foreign countries, for a long time, scientific methods in dealing with forest areas have prevailed. Governments have seen the importance of guiding lumbering operations so as to retain a proper proportion of timber area for the continuous support of lumbering indus- tries and for the general good of the State. In doing this, well-defined plans lie at the foundation of the practical operations, the result of which is that, in the countries where the most progres- sive methods of foresty prevail, the ag- gregate value of timbered lands is grad- ually increasing. In our own country we have a single instance, on the Vanderbilt estate at Biltmore, in which scientific lumber- ing is carried on under the direction of an expert forester, Dr. Schenck. The United States Government fora year past has been aiding individuals and corporatio s in the adoption of scientific methods in lumbering along the same line as those practiced at Biltmore, the objects of which are to make lumbering a_ profitable industry upon the same lands continuously for an indefinite period. The handling of a large area in timber upon scientific principles would treat it so that differ- ent parts of the forest should be cut off in cycles, the length of each cycle de- pending upon the uses of the timber and the character of the species. If saw timber of considerable diameter is required for the market, the length of the cycle would be greatly increased over the time that would be required to grow a crop of trees for wood pulp, for hop-poles, for hoop factories, or for other ‘uses that small timber subserves in the mechanical arts. Reforestation to-day in Michigan would naturally begin by dealing with lands that are already seeded or will seed themselves if protected. We can scarcely expect that people will jump directly into the planting of new forests from the level of ruthless destruction of the old ones; but there is a transition stage which ought to be attractive to people who are the owners of what are called stump land§, already partially or wholly covered by a growth of young timber, more or less valuable. There is an immense acreage of this land in Michigan, a great deal of which prob- ably should be cleared and developed into farms. These farms, however, will have an increased value if a consider- able proportion of the adjoining lands bearing this same character is main- tained in timber and developed under a systematic plan of forestry. I brush away without a thought the suggestions which are so often made by the old- fashioned lumberman, and thoughtless people generally, that the new growth which comes in after valuable timber is of such a poor character as not to be worth considering and that people can not afford to grow timber of this kind as an investment. The truth is that almost any piece of stump land well covered by some growth has enough of value to warrant the guid- ing of that growth upon a plan of forest growing that will, sooner or later, bring to the owner a valuable return. This fact is emphasized by the new uses of timber that employ varieties that were, a few years ago, considered valueless in the market. We now find that cer- tain kinds of timber, once considered of no value in the arts and of very little even for firewood, are among the most valuable to-day in the production of cer- tain classes of manufactured articles. The most notable illustrations of this condition are found in the use of the red oak, the beech and the hemlock. Perhaps the most striking example of value put into what has been generally considered “worthless timber is the employment of the poplar, which covers such immense areas of the north coun- try. This poplar, turned into wood pulp, becomes a very valuable commod- ity. So that the problem of reforesta- tion is a different one from what it would have been a few years ago, anda more promising one. The State Forestry Commission must, for the present, deal with prefatory work. It can not advise with regard to the details of reforestation because it has not within its reach a sufficient ar- ray of facts upon which to base the wisest counsel. It can simply suggest possibilities until the Legislature shall put matters in such shape in this State as to warrant a broad movement in _for- estry that shall have as a part of its un- dertaking the development of a_ plan of systematic, scientific lumbering and the growing of remunerative crops upon our stump lands. ~ . In the interests of the iarge holdings of the State, the first serious question to solve is the one of straightening out titles so that the State shall, before Starting out in’ a system of forestry, know that the titles of the lands that stand in its name can not be successfully attacked. The State must stimulate and com- mand a higher standard of morals in connection with the treatment of the timber upon its lands. Thieving from State lands must not only be frowned upon, but it must be punished with such vigor as to reduce trespass to its lowest terms. Carelessness in the handJing of fires must be treated as a crime and the most vigorous measures taken to punish not only willful but careless offenders. The State must protect owners of trees against corporations that willfully des- troy under a law that gives them priv- ileges in the highways. I do not know that it is possible in this country, but in other countries the state protects men’s possessions from their own ac- tions by compelling a certain amount of tree planting to take the place of trees removed. The second part of the work of the Forestry Commission, at present, is to develop public opinion which shall _re- spect trees and stimulate tree planting and evolve a keener sense of obligation in connection with the maintenance of forest growth with reference to the wel- fare of the future as well as present generations. 1 have recently been making some observations upon a tract of timber of some four thousand acres, lying in Muskegon county, which is known as Slocum’s Grove. Learning that this timber was to be removed completely within a short period of six years, I made a very careful review of this grove, aided by Prof. Spalding, of the State University, and Secretary Butter- field, of the State Agricultural Society. I had in mind the possibilities of this tract if lumbered scientifically, as com- pared with the probable outcome of the complete removal of all forest growth within a short period. This tract has a wide range of species growing upon it, most of them valuable ; the land is excellent; it is well watered and capable of producing a great growth of timber, and its greatest value lies not in the mature trees, but in the young growth, which will rapidly de- velop into mature timber. A somewhat hasty, but 1 think accurate, estimate satisfied us that this property would pay 10 per cent. interest on the full value of the land with the timber upon it for hundreds of vears provided the annual cuttings should simply take the trees that are sufficiently mature to be lum- bered at the greatest advantage. With the timber entirely removed from this tract, even although the land is of excellent quality, it is largely re- duced in value for agricultural purposes because of no protecting areas of tim- ber. The very first thing that would need to be done if it should be sold for farms would be the growth of timber for protection. Trees grow very slowly from the seed, but develop very rapidly from the young growth already planted and having a good start in life. From facts that have come to our knowledge, the opportunity for practic- ing scientific forestry upon this tract is gone, the contract having been executed for the rapid removal of the whole of it, but in the interests of other tracts and or the purpose of securing facts that can be used to the greatest advantage in creating and establishing public opinion in favor of retaining a goodly portion of the State in forest, we can do some- thing in connection with this tract that may have great value and influence. We can institute a series of observations with regard to temperature, soil, air- moisture, flow of streams, growth of crops and influence of winds, which shall be carried on until the forest shall be removed, and for a sufficient period thereafter to furnish data for an accu- rate statement of the influence of tim- ber upon the conditions that favor the best system of agriculture and_horticul- ture. The Forestry Commission hopes, by the aid of the State Experiment Sta- tion, the State University, the State Geologist and, possibly, the United States Government Hydrographer, to work out this system of observations. In the evolution of a forestry system for Michigan, I am satisfied that there is no more powerful ally for the Forest- ry Commission than the schools and colleges of the State. The boys and girls, the young men and women who are in educational institutions, will very soon deal with the problems of state- craft. From my point of view, the im- portance of the forestry question, as affecting the greatest industries in the State, the climatic conditions which make this State a very desirable one in which to found homes, demands that educators shall make a point of bring- ing into the curricula of study in our schools the subject of forestry so effect- ively as to produce a new public opin- ion with the development of the newer generation. We can not turn our edu- cational institutions into schools of for- estry—-probably the University and the Agricultural College will be the only technical institutions that will under- take a work of this kind—but, incident- ally, in connection with other lines of instruction, respect for trees and a knowledge of the value in trees, methods te : Hotel Warwick | a \ Vet ie wn, fe Le =r om: a a Rk il | Sa | i es ¥ 7 ! 1 a | . ||) ae 1 ih a —— ime i! 147 Fine Outside Rooms i al Ro Special attention given to Commercial Trade u Rates: $2.00 per day. Room with bath, $2.50. ASD: A. B. Gardner, Manager . \ pee EES SEIN ) yy . Grand — Mich. A : Livingston Hotel Grand Rapids, Michigan / Morton House | The Leading Fotel a eet edi ; Sea of Grand Rapids, Michigan J. Boyd Pantlind, Proprietor The New Plaza Hotel Head of Monroe Street. Best $2.00 house in the city. HES ela de eB tla de Bat le aa Se Ra he Re SE ge Ee he la Se Se la Se a Sle Se SEM aaa gas aa Ss og = is a S ae : w RA The Occidental = Ww Vat = Leading Hotel in Muskegon s ase Cc . s a 400 Capacity Es z : a e W. H. Barney, Proprietor on ss ‘“ a Muskegon, Mich ws wy ot -0 The Old Jealousy. ‘‘Just home from London, eh?’’ ‘*Yes,’’ replied the Western man, ‘‘I took in everything worth seein’ in the town.’’ ‘‘How did St. Paul’s cathedral impress you?’’ ‘‘Didn’t go near it. I’m a Minneapolis man, myself.’’ COMPRESSED YEAST. Development in This Country. Prior to 1870 our mothers and_ grand- mothers, when they wished to bake a loaf of bread, were compelled to resort either to the old salt rising process, so familiar to residents of the country and small towns of that period, made their own yeast or use that make by the brewers of those times. While ‘‘hun- ger sharpens appetite,’’ results were not what could have been desired. The old salt rising process was a leaven, and leaven is a substance which produces fermentation by putrefaction. Yeast is a plant that grows under favorable con- ditions and through its growth produces fermentation ; and while dry hop, home- made and brewers’ yeast answered our grandmothers’ purposes because they had no better, their fermenting proper- ties were so weak, and the dough in consequence took such a long time to Its Origin and mentioned above, in European coun- tries, and after it in this. It is a pure- ly vegetable product and the best grade is manufactured from selected grains. When incorporated with flour and water at the proper temperature, the starchy particles in the flour are changed into dextrine, and this in turn to sugar, which, by the action of the yeast cells and application of heat, is transformed into carbonic acid gas, which causes the dough to rise; and as the process is rapid there is no chance for the dough to become sour and the bread _ is in consequence of a rich, nutty flavor. Late in the sixties Mr. Chas. Fleisch- mann was employed in the manufacture of compressed yeast in Austria. Realiz- ing what a promising field was open in America. he came to this country and entered into partnership with a leading Cincinnati merchant and commenced the manufacture of compressed yeast on a small scale in that city, in 1869. As rise, that the bread often became sour before it could be baked. In those times every baker made _ his own yeast, and his success as a baker depended almost entirely on his knowl- edge of making stock yeast, secrets in regard to the manufacture of which were zealously guarded. While stock yeast partook largely of the characteristics of home-made and brewers’ yeast, the bakers of that time were much more successful in turning out a satisfactory product than were our grandmothers, due to their more complete knowledge of the business, but they were also greatly bothered by sour bread, espe- cially in warm weather, on account of the long fermentation necessitated. To German-Europe belongs the credit of changing the above state of affairs by substituting compressed yeast, and its inventor should be considered a public benefactor, as it revolutionized breadmaking, long before the period | is natural with articles of merit, peo- , ple were slow to see its advantages, or rather to change the methods to which they had been accustomed for a life- time, and while bakers who had used it in Europe were quick to adopt it here, their number was naturally small and the sale of the yeast corresponding- ly so. The energetic pioneer, however, was never disheartened. He introduced it in all of the large cities in this coun- try, employed an army of men, gave samples to bakers and families and al- most bankrupted himself and his_part- ner in his efforts to induce the Ameri- can people ‘‘not to stand in their own light.’’ The demand continued small, however, lamentably so, until in 1876 the Centennial Exposition in Philadel- phia was opened. Mr. Fleischmann,.in conjunction with his brother, who had shortly followed him to this country, with the farsightedness and business ability for which he was noted, deter- mined to erect a building in the grounds on a scale which would attract the atten- tion anj arouse the admiration of every visitor. This building was to be de- voted to the introduction of compressed yeast and the manufacture of bread and rolls through its use, and the famous Vienna Bakery was the result. This bakery was visited by thousands during 1876 and its name and that of the much more famous compressed yeast became known in every city, village and hamlet in this broad land. Mr. Fleischmann severed his connection with the Cen- tennial Vienna Bakery at the close of the year in which the Exposition was held, but the bakery was moved to New York City and the business continued by his brother, who has devoted him- self to it exclusively since that time and now has one of the largest baking | lants in the country. After 1876 the future of compr. ssed yeast was assured, and it is now on sale and used by nearly every grocer and baker in this country and the Canadas, and the name of its introducer has_be- come a_ household word everywhere. From one wagon each in some_ half dozen of the larger cities before 1876, Fleischmann & Co. now have dozens in each of the larger cities and over 2,500 in the United States and the Canadas making deliveries to their patrons. No city is too large to have every grocer and baker served daily and no town too small to receive thorough and prompt attention. This careful consideration of their patrons’ interests, in conjunction with the highest grade of yeast that scientific, methods can manufacture and the finest quality of grain can produce, has been the secret of success. No de- tail is considered too insignificant to be given careful attention and neither time uor money is spared where a possible improvement can be had. No yeast is allowed to leave the respective factories until tested by competent chemists and proven to be of the highest standard. The resultant uniformity in quality day after day and year after year has re- sulted in its universal adoption. It is sent to the respective cities and towns in the territory of the several factories exclusively by express, irrespective of expense, in order that it may reach the consumer at the earliest possible mo-, ment. From a beginning of a few hun- dred pounds per day, the business has, in a little over a quarter of a century, grown to such volume that if the aggre- gate daily output were loaded into freight cars it would tax the powers of one of the largest Mogul engines to de- liver it to its destination. George W. McGlaughlin. oe Prize Contests for Agricultural Products. A shoe dealer in Missouri has made a pronounced success of his annual prize contests for agricultural products. He offers a pair of high grade men’s shoes for the best ear of corn, pair of fine shoes for the best garden product and numerous other prizes in footwear to women and children who show the _ best grapes, pears, etc. His show window is the exposition ground and he very sagaciously works the combination for the advertisement of his business. When the exhibits are all in he has a ‘*corn week,’’ when all the ears are put in his window in an artistic manner, the shoe of course, being the most central object. He makes a pyramid of ears of corn, On the top he places the shoe offered as a prize and beside it the win- ning. ear. The next week may be ‘* potato week’’ or ‘‘cabbage week”’ and he uses it as a strong card to draw at- tention to his store. His newspaper advertising is linked to his window dis- play and his prize drawing comes in for prominent mention. ” MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 4 © —. —_— Sanitas Nut Foods Come as a boon and a blessing, bringing new life, health, renewed energy, Sanitas The Sanitas Nut Nut Foods Foods are su- require PERIOR to no cooking, and flesh are preemin- meats as BLOOD ently suited toa and TISSUE hot weather BUILDERS diet. Brainy and are at the people readily same time recognize wholesome, the value of our pure, foods, and and very repeat orders palatable. are the rule. A Sanitas Nut Food Boy Many dealers throughout the country are improving their reputation and increasing their bauk account by handling our foods Why not you? If your jobber can not supply you with Sanitas Nut Foods, a postal card re- quest mailed to undersigned will bring you terms, prices and full particulars. Dept. A. Sanitas Nut Food Co, Ltd., Battle Creek, Mich. BOCORS TOTONS POTORS COROESC ROTORS CRUCHOROROROTOTOHORO A Fip for the Grocery Five to One al» — ©), aca One of your leading jobbers stated to us that for every package of other cereal his house sold five packages of Cream of Cereal What makes it so popular? Because the goods are right and are sold to the consumer for ten cents per package. To ask your customers to pay more than Io cents per package for Cereal Coffee is extortion, and you know it. Will you continue to do so? Place an order with your jobber for a two dozen case. Ad// Jodbbers keep it. Cream of Cereal Co., Ltd., Battle Creek, Mich. whe lp oy oe oe we we whe oe whe whe whe he ode ede the oh whe oh oe oh oh oh 0 wh oh op oh whe oe ahaa nlalathiachathai Voigt Milling Co. Proprietors Star and Crescent Mills Makers of High Grade Flour Our Leaders: Royal Patent Gilt Edge Crescent Calla Lily White Rose Star We are sole manufacturers of FLOUROIGT, an improved WHOLE WHEAT FLOUR, with the bran and all impurities eliminated. Weare large handlers of Bran, Middlings, Screenings and Corn and Oats Feed, which we sell on close margins We gladly embrace this opportunity to thank our customers for past patronage and to assure them that we shall undertake to merit a contin- uance of their confidence and esteem. 1p he oh oly he 0 whe 0h oe whe ode one oh oh ooh oh ooh ooh oh eh eho Voigt Milling Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. LELELELEELELEL ELE EEE EES ohhh oh p TUTE OT TEESE OST OEE ESTES We are in Earnest When we say that we believe we can fill or- ders for the trade more satisfactorily than any other milling concern anywhere else on earth, 999.95) We believe it because we have used every We have both winter and spring We make the choicest bolted and granulated meal in the State. We make ground feed and handle carloads of corn, oats, rye, and beans innu- Every year we sell thousands of and thousands of barrels of effort to make it true. wheat flour. merable. tons of feed White ‘The flour the best cooks use.’’ make up mixed carloads of nearly everything anyone in the feed business can need. We pay careful attention to all the little details. Follow your instructions to the letter. Who No one, and no one does. C. oT We can can do more? See UUTU VET Ee UT OCU ere ree eee Valley City Milling Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. LAKKRAA HD AAR AA AAA DAN AA AH ELEVELEVUCELUCLEVETELUCEEUCTS! Ee” 50 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN ——e PREPARATION FOR BUSINESS. Necessity of Education in the Case of the Merchant. The would-be merchant or merchant who reads this article will recognize the opinions of a layman. These opin- ions, however, relate to certain prin- ciples underlying the pursuit of every successful man. Within forty years great changes have occurred in this country. The farmer has changed from hand _ labor to ma- chine labor. He no longer swings the -old hand scythe in haying time, nor does he use the old hand rake. The mowing machine and the sulky rake are now used by the humblest farmer. The more pretentious farmer uses the self- binder; he threshes his grain in a trice. He is no longer the farmer of Puritan days. In manufacturing, similar changes have taken place. The man who former- ly made a pair of shoes now cuts out the uppers with his machine; another man with a machine does the sewing, another the pegging, etc. ; in fact, the shoemaker has disappeared from civili- zation. In every line of manufacturing to-day, specialization is paramount. In printing, the changs are, indeed, marked. To-day a machine,is employed for setting type. Newspapers are printed and folded by a single ma- chine. Man stands and directs the ma- chine. In teaching, indeed inall the sions, little profes- less than a revolution has taken place. The merchant can no longer call himself an all-round man. He is to-day a director, an organizer, a thinker. It is doubtful if these changes have in every instance advanced civilization. li is exceedingly difficult for a man to put his life and character into all of his work to-day. Just now this enquiry is pertinent: Is the man or the machine of more value to civilization? Forty years ago every boy was obliged, from the very nature of his position in life, to do manual labor. In doing this man- ual labor he developed the essential ele- ments of character. He acquired habits of industry, promptitude, accuracy, dis- patch, perseverance, courage, good cheer, self-control, self-denial and tem- perance. Even to-day a very large per cent. of all our successful men have been reared on the farm, in the shop, or in homes where manual labor was a necessity. Can the world to-day offer any better preparation for man’s life work? The answer to this question must be negative. -This is a pathetic fact, because, as yet, civilization has offered no substitute for developing these fundamental elements of character. Or, to put the truth in another form, no new method has been discovered for the building of a man. In man’s struggle to economize time and multiply facilities for production he has forgotten himself. This is no new truth. It is an old one that must continue to receive attention. If we were to make a list of the most successful merchants in the United States, we should find that the majority of them learned in boyhood the meaning of the elements we have already mentioned; in fact, the man who wishes to bea merchant can not hope to be_ successful if by chance or necessity he fails to ac- quire these elements. It is not the pur- pose of this paper to comment in detail upon a substitute. The substitute, how- ever, must be found. Men are of more importance than machines; men are of more importance than commerce; in fact, men are the flower and fruitage of every civilization. If the would-be merchant has acquired these habits of attention, industry, promptitude, meth- od, accuracy, dispatch, perseverance, courage, politeness, self-control and self-denial, he is worth educating for business. must be furnished by the public school. The public school is improving stead- ily. It attempts to develop, train and instruct the boy. It will succeed in do- ing this if, in his home training and in his daily relations, he acquires the in- valuable habits already twice mentioned in this article. Without these habits the school availeth little. Some of our mer- chant princes of to-day advise that boys be denied the development, training and instruction offered by our best high schools. They have asked that the boy be put into business at the age of four- teen or fifteen. It is maintained.that at this age he is plastic and teachable; that he is a ready observer and will take upon himself quickly the habits of the merchant. In the judgment of the writer, this is a mistake. Even if it be granted that this method would give the highest results from the standpoint of the money standard, it does not con- clusively prove that it is a wise plan to pursue. professional men, learn that even com- mercial failure may be incidental to the development of a magnificent man, they will be quite willing to offer the boy the very best facilities that our public schools can present and in most cases, where it is possible, even give him the college training. The time is coming-—— and it is not far distant—when the mer- chant will need all that a liberal educa- tion means quite as.much as the teacher and professional! man. Commerce no longer concerns stores situated at crossroads in the country. It The general education of most men | When merchants, as well as} no longer relates solely to the interests of some village or small city. Commerce has, within limits, made of the whole world one magnificent brotherhood. The man who is to succeed in this brotherhood must know something of his fellow workers, something of their | plans, something of their aims, some- thing of their facilities, something of their resources. The school and college must furnish this information and must give that training which prepares for breadth of mind, which prepares for generalship. Even the sciences have in our best public schools enriched the mind in ways that encourage a more humane commerce. Many years ago Herbert Spencer, in his book on Education, em- phasized the importance of a man’s knowing something of chemistry, some- thing of commercial geography, some- thing of the world’s natural as well as the world’s artificial resources, there- fore, the broader the education of the merchant, the better. The deeper his knowledge of political economy, history and the sciencs, the better his prepara- tion for success. The merchant ought to supplement his general education with some know!l- |edge of commercial branches. While it ‘is not imperative that every merchant should be a practical book-keeper, it is important that he be able to interpret a set of books. We do not maintain that a business college education ought to constitute a merchant’s business prepa- ration. Business colleges are, not in- frequently, very superficial schools. They do not deal with the fundamental elements of success. They are com- pelled, by the very nature of their pat- ronage, to touch everything lightly. After all, if the merchant’s preparation enables him to write a good business hand; enables him to compute accurate- ly and quickly ; enables him to classify systematically debits and credits; en- ables him to analyze a balance sheet, so much the better; in fact, it is a neces- sary -part of his preparation. With the preparation we have already described, he is now ready for a_ post graduate course, so to speak. This post graduate course should consist of two or three years’ training in some first- class merchant's emporium. The young man who wishes to be a successful mer- chant can afford to work for nothing or even to pay some great merchant for the privilege of trying to be useful. This would not hold true if we were to bar the candidate from the privilege of pro- motion. If promotion be granted, the real preparation for business can best be made under the guidance of a master hand. The writer has sometimes thought that possibly some provision could be made for this kind of business preparation, pr vided the man who is making the preparation is willing to pay for it. The history of successful merchants indicates, in most instances, that they began at the bottom; that they studied details; that they thus acquired a firm grasp of the philosophy of organ- ization. It is true that thousands of men plunge into business, thinking that somehow they will be successful. This kind of conduct in every pursuit is fool- ish. It is, therefore, foolish in a busi- ness pursuit. In taking this post grad- uate course, it is thoroughly essential that the man be broad enough to study and examine other kinds of business than his own. Again, we say that this is an age of organization and_ specialization. If men will study the laws of trade; if they will pr ctice the laws of trade; if they will study the wants of men and use best methods for gratifying these wants; if they will study the laws of transportation; in other words, if they will accept the training necessary for preparation, there need be but few failures. This outline is simply suggestive. If it leads any merchant who has fought against failure to give himself a more rigid self-examination, then this paper has been of some avail. If it encourages some man who has practiced the prin- ciples here involved and who has not quite reached the mountain height of success, its mission is fulfilled. If some reader of this paper who has made no preparation, and who hopes vainly that he may be successful without prep- aration, is induced to study his resources and then adapt these resources to the highest needs of the commercial world, again some little good has been real- ized. W. N. Ferris. —___»2..__ Evidences of the sprouting of seeds swallowed by human beings and ani- mals are not uncommon. A Cleveland boy died recently and it was discovered that his death had been caused by a kernel of corn which he had_ swallowed some time ago and which had taken root and grown so that it choked up his organ. Several years ago a man in Chicago swallowed a melon seed and he afterward declared that it abode with him. His friends used to laugh and ask how his melon crop was coming on. He died next and the autopsy proved that he was right. Four hundred elk tusks were sold in Spokane, Wash., the other day for $1,000. The demands of the members of the order of Elks and the growing scarcity have increased the value of the tusks. Fourteen years ago a Mon- tana man paid but $8o for an Indian head-dress that contained 800 elk teeth. Last year a similar head-dress contain- ing 280 tusks sold for $200. a = = sealant i 5 Ee Lf MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 51 4 $ Michigan Wall Paper Co., Limited ANAQKRARRKR QAM MB R— QM MQ - PESeeeeseesee]aN. Mme. Hibbard’s \ Royal Indian W Hair | Restorer: HIRAM A. WALKER, President, Michigan Representative-HARRY T. LOWTHER. The @B Wall Papers a WY rer eee a. for restoring Natural Vitality and Color to the Hair W Window Shad AX i : W in OW a es A It stimulates the enfeebled glands of the scalp into healthy action, arrests W “Ve the falling of the hair and promotes its luxuriant growth, rendering it soft, wee . ’ . A youthful and glossy. Faded or grey hair it restores to its original color; W and lost hair is often reproduced. Containing neither dye nor oil, it does \()7 Painters’ Supplies a W ove not soil even white cambric IN W a PRICE $1.00. W CJ A EB W A aN W AGENTS FOR A sf =\ write for free W Al , #31. booklet of infor- W A 4 ~ mation and testi- */\s Ve % monials. W The Billings, Chapin & Co.’s Paints, Var- nishes, Stains, Colors, Etc. A aeesitechense only by W A a ee W Telephone 4846 an Madame Hrbbard W MN Grand Rapids Hair Bazaar, 39 Monroe Street, Grand Rapids, Michigan W IN General Offices at New York City, 86 University Pl.; Seattle, Wash., 1313 W 202 RANDOLPH ST. DETROIT. MICH. a Seeond Ave.; Chicago, Ill., MeVicker’s Theater Bldg. yy . XIX XIDN IIIA III AD XNA LNT XT TOS) VSSSSSSSSESSE SLSSSSSKEEe— She Se She cbs Shs dhe cba be cba cba dha dha ba dha dha dba bs dbs dbs dha dbs dhe he De De De Se De De De Se Dy Dy Se * EDSON, MOORE & CO. Detrowt, Michigan. WE INVITE THE ATTENTION OF THE TRADE PARTICULARLY TO OUR LINE OF Handkerchiets FOR FALL & HOLIDAY TRADE. SELECTIONS SHOULD BE MADE EARLY, WHILE THE ASSORTMENT IS COMPLETE. Are YOU a Distributor of the Celebrated Gi GaP ARERR RY IPA OP IP OD A Oe Blankets Sai eee gee | —-_ if you haven't placed Ladies “Ready to Wear Outing Flannels your orders. : -Dress Goods *% bl ca aie Garments ? Hosiery Exceptional Underwear Inducements IF NOT we would like to Yarns in all of these lines. correspond with you. VRE EEPERRURer RR eeeY RRR Re eRe eRe wy Sha Sha cha cha cha cha che cha cha che che cha cba cha dba Shs Shs dbs Shs Gs de che She De che ce De De ch ce he che Cha ca 52 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN THE SHINGLE TRADE. Change From Michigan Pine to Washing- ton Red Cedar. The average individual is obliged to buy shingles but a few times during his lifetime. Where they are made, the amount used in the United States from year to year, the rapid decline of the shingle industry in the State of Michi- gan, few people, probably, outside of the trade have ever thought much about it, at least given it any great attention. When Michigan was invaded by the early French settlers they found the State, particularly the northern two- thirds, practically an unbroken forest of pine timber of the finest quality in the worid. No state in the Union ever yielded anything like the quality and quantity combined that has been cut from the Lower Peninsula of Michi- gan. In the early days of lumbering very few shingles, comparatively, were made. Hand-shaved shingles were about all that were used, these being split out from the straight-grained trees with a froe and shaved by hand. Suc- cessful machines for sawing shingles were brought out about the year 1850 and were run in connection with the sawmills at our principal lake ports, Saginaw, the Huron shore, Cheboygan, Manistee, Ludington, Muskegon and Grand Haven. The business, however, was more of a side issue to the lumber business. From about the year 1873 the sawed shingle business increased very rapidly. They were made from white pine alto- gether and manufacturers found it a profitable business in working up the poorer logs not desirable for lumber. Mills started in on the principal lum- ber roads, such as the G. R. &L., 16. Cc. & Ww. Mw. ¥. & P.M. and the Mackinaw division of the M. C. The Eastern and Western States be- gan to look to Michigan for their shin- gles. They were transported largely by boat from the Saginaw Valley and the Huron shore district to Toledo, Cleve- land, Buffalo and Albany, the output of the west shore mills going largely through Chicago and Milwaukee to the Western States. Ohio and Indiana also began to take them by rail. This great demand stimulated trade to such an extent that by 1879 the shingle business had taken a new departure and mills commenced going in on tracts of timber, working up the defective logs that had been left by prodigal lumber- ing years before. Two blocker shingle mills were in- vented about this time and ten blockers soon after, increasing the output with great rapidity, the maximum being reached in the year 1888. Up to this time shingles in the State of Michigan were ail made from white pine, but it soon becoming evident that timber was getting scarce, manufacturers began to reach out for a substitute for pine, which they found in white cedar. But as white pine became exhausted the shingle output gradually diminished, notwithstanding cedar timber, until to- day even cedar timber is getting scarce, the output growing much smaller every year, and there is scarcely a white pine shingle to be found’ in the State; I think the statement can be made that there is not a single shingle mill run- ning to-day on white pine shingles ex- clusively in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Where there was 2, 660, 000, 000 shingles made in the State during 1888, there was made during 1899 about 1,000, 000, - ooo, largely white cedar. From an un- broken forest of white pine in the State only a few years ago, to-day there is nothing left, not even the down and worthless stuff to make pine shingles from. Probably one-half the popula- tion of the United States depended on Michigan ten years ago for their sup- ply of shingles. It may be interesting to note the rise and fall of the shingle industry in Michigan as shown by the following statements, from 1873 to the present time, and the comparative amounts made in different years during this period at the principal points of manufacture : Shingles Manufactured in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan: 1873, 1, 500, 193, 000 1883, 2, 385, 000, 000 1888, 2, 660, 000, 00O 1899, 1,066, 000, 000 Shingles manufactured at the follow- ing points during this period: Muskegon. 1873, 22, 750, 000. 1884, 327, 000, 000. 1887, 520, 000, 000, 1892 169, 000, 000. 1898, 34, 000, 000. Manistee. 1873, 120, 000, 000. 1883, 722, 000, 000. 1890, 4.00, 000, 000. 1899, 18g, 000, 000. Saginaw. 1873, 218, 000, 000. i881, 304, 000, 000. 1896, 38, 000, 000. Grand Haven. 1873, 36, 000, 000. 1883, 147,000, 000. 1888, 4, 000, C00. D., L. & N.R. R. Mills. 1873, gO, 000, 000. 1884, 497,000, 000. 1891, 85, 000, 000. 1896, 8, 000, 000. To-day the bulk of the shingles used are made from red cedar and come from the State of Washington, having to bear railroad transportation of from three thousand to four thousand miles. There are to-day over 400 shingle mills in Washington. The industry started about ten years ago, and the following table will show the great increase in the busi- ness : Shipped to the Eastern States from Washington : 1890, 2,100 carloads. 1801, 3, 300 carloads. 1892, 6, 341 carloads. 1893, 6,053 carloads. 1894, 10,975 carloads. 1895, 12,710 carloads. 1896, 13,949 carloads. 1897, 16,875 carloads. 1898, 19,312 carloads. 1899, 23,246 carloads. Or a gain from 315,000,000 in 1890 to 3, 500, 000, 000 in 1899. It is estimated there is about 1,000, - "000,000 cypress shingles made each year in the Southern States, which are mar- keted largely in the Atlantic seaboard towns and the Western States. There is also a considerable quantity of hemlock shingles made in Pennsylvania, and quite a quantity of redwood made in California, but the amounts are com- paratively small. Walter C. Winchester. —___».2.>_—__ The Third Party. ‘Don’t talk to me about a third party !’’ exclaimed the old politician. ‘‘A third party is always a fraud."’ ‘*He’s awfully in the way some- times,’’ assented the politician’s pretty daughter. —__>02>____ While the Furor Is On. ‘‘What is the zenith of a politician’s ambition, pa?’’ ‘‘Well, it is when photographers are chasing him to take his picture every day for weeks before he fails to get elected.’’ ————_»e a> The man who is always serious or al- | ways merry is but half a man. HEMLOCK BARK. Product of the Lower Peninsula Practi- cally Exhausted. Hemlock bark is as little known as any commodity that I call to mind and only a few realize the magnitude of the business in handling and the importance of this tanning product. Seventeen years ago goes back of my time in the trade two and_ one-half years, but my father, N. B. Clark, now deceased, had already laid the founda- tions of a business that has grown to be one of the leading industries in the State. Nearly all the tanners were formerly located in practically bark reigons or in cities favorable to hide markets and to receiving the larger part of their supply of bark by vessel shipments; but with each year’s consumption the tanner was compelled to reach out farther for his supply and where he had been getting all he could use by wagon or vessel, it finally became necessary to ship in by rail. As rail shipments opened up a Larger bark territory, it was not long un- til new markets were established, partly by the building of new taneries at rail- road centers taking favorable rail rates and partly through interesting tanners throughout Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky and Missouri to use hemlock bark with their oak, the union of the two barks making a more profitable tan- nage and at the same time producing a fine quality of leather. Seventeen years ago it seemed that hemlock in Michigan was almost inex- haustible and the timber and bark stumpage were considered ‘of little value, millions of feet being cut down for the bark alone. The price received for the hark was only enough to yield fair wages for the work done and al- lowed but little for stumpage, but as the peeling of bark comes at a time of year when all other work in the woods is scarce, and to within the last three or four years was done principally by those wishing to clear up lands for their homes, it proved to be a great help and has been the means of bringing many thousands of dollars into the State each year, not, however, without making a great change in the amount of hemlock timber remaining, so much so that it is only a question of a short time when the supply in Lower Michigan will be com- pletely exhausted. It would be hard to give an exact esti- mate of the amount of Michigan hem- lock bark handled each year, but the following figures are not much out of the way: 200,000 cords, representing 400, - 000,000 feet of timber peeled ; average price paid f. o. b. loading points, which represents the labor almost en- tirely, is $4 per cord,or $800,000. To this can be added the freight to make delivery to tanner, which will average $3 per cord, or $600,000 more, making a total of $1, 400, 000. Notwithstanding all that has been cut, Michigan can still boast of many thousands of acres of uncut timber in the Upper Peninsula, where but little has been done toward marketing either the bark or timber, owing to the low prices in the past; but, with the diminishing supply in lower Michigan and the ad- vance in prices, the marketing of Up- per Peninsula hemlock bark is near at hand. Clarence U. Clark. —> 2. How He Felt. _Dentist- 1 have pulled the tooth out. Now how do you feel? Sufferer—-Feel! Why, I feel as if you had pulled my head out and left the tooth. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 53 [a eee ZGoS2SSSSSSSSS DSSS SSSA SSS Ay = w ° a e * 3 The Weir Stone * The Old Reliable % ol Fruit Jar_ A Harri W . | * Harrison Wagons * A OL ATE ere Hermetically Sealed at All Times. ~_ = lade in Six Sizes: &y _ 1 Pint, 1 Quart, 2 Quarts, 4 Quarts, 8 Quarts, 20 Quarts. i PN Not an Experiment. 5 = Can be Sealed and Unsealed Easier and Quicker than ( . 2 Corking a Jug. Think of It! : 2 A continual downward pressure on the bale until Unsealed. - BO b= No ; | 2 » =—= Slivers q s | P of ‘ 4 Glass k 4 in w Ww : W They have many points of superiority and excellence. A catalogue Ww 7 F it W wi Ae ain sn a pos ar be uest wi te a : a W : o oa eee \ W t fe ) M f db one e oje a W Harrison Wagon Co., W : | >) WEIR POTTERY CO., Monmouth, Ill. Vy is a W — AS W c ¢ iittala Na2ccceccccececccecceccece E z of F j j : oe WILLIAMS BROS. & GHARBONNEAU, Detroit, MIG. y * MANUFACTURERS OF id : e e e » | The Finest Condiments Offered to the American People 1S he ; ti - he he Gree e aa | ApsoLurecy Pure. ge fia Gienbanlianiailiy ts, To ke ge FINEST QUALITY en OO 7 tad | ny a a 1 & arr (Sar a) 4 Pia CL ae) the 2 ee eras 4 x cS Tore & rr A . ae, Nw ene. iene } GR i” +) nas (i Li Rcoaer Part eer oy am awa ce PNR OAL en the | ALG 1 Nie aT eared ae | Neos eens = —_ Waldorf Relish . — eee : : Chili Sauce most appetizing relish Waldorf Fancy Sweet Finest Quality Prepared a ¢ Finest Quality in the world Tomato Catsup Pickles Mustard if For Sale by the Best Retail Trade Everywhere. t. ie . 2 AT WHOLESALE BY you = @ CLARK-JEWELL-WELLS CO. and all Jobbers in SAGINAW, BAY CITY and DETROIT. 52 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN THE SHINGLE TRADE. Change From Michigan Pine to Washing- ton Red Cedar. The average individual is obliged to buy shingles but a few times during his lifetime. Where they are made, the amount used in the United States from year to year, the rapid decline of the shingle industry in the State of Michi- gan, few people, probably, outside of the trade have ever thought much about it, at least given it any great attention. When Michigan was invaded by the early French settlers they found the State, particularly the northern two- thirds, practically an unbroken forest of pine timber of the finest quality in the worid. No state in the Union ever yielded anything like the quality and quantity combined that has been cut from the Lower Peninsula of Michi- gan. in the early days of lumbering very few shingles, comparatively, were made. Hand-shaved’ shingles were about all that were used, these being split out from the straight-grained trees with a froe and shaved by hand. Suc- cessful machines for sawing shingles were brought out about the year 1850 and were run in connection with the sawmills at our principal lake ports, Saginaw, the Huron shore, Cheboygan, Manistee, Ludington, Muskegon and Grand Haven. The business, however, was more of a side issue to the lumber business. From about the year 1873 the sawed shingle business increased very rapidly. They were made from white pine alto- gether and manufacturers found it a profitable business in working up the poorer logs not desirable for lumber. Mills started in on the principal lum- ber xcads, such as the G. R. & L, mt Be NL CO. ee We ML Po a PM, and the Mackinaw division of the M. C. The Eastern and Western States be- gan to look to Michigan for their shin- gles. They were transported largely by boat from the Saginaw Valley and the Huron shore district to Toledo, Cleve- land, Buffalo and Albany, the output of the west shore mills going largely through Chicago and Milwaukee to the Western States. Ohio and Indiana also began to take them by rail. This great demand stimulated trade to such an extent that by 1879 the shingle business had taken a new departure and mills commenced going in on tracts of timber, working up the defective logs that had been left by prodigal lumber- ing years before. Two blocker shingle mills were in- vented about this time and ten blockers soon after, increasing the output with great rapidity, the maximum being reached in the year 1888. Up to this time shingles in the State of Michigan were ail made from white pine, but it soon becoming evident that timber was getting scarce, manufacturers began to reach out for a substitute for pine, which they found in white cedar. But as white pine became exhausted the shingle output gradually diminished, notwithstanding cedar timber, until to- day even cedar timber is getting scarce, the output growing much smaller every year, and there is scarcely a white pine shingle to be found in the State; I think the statement can be made that there is not a single shingle mill run- ning to-day on white pine shingles ex- clusively in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Where there was 2, 660, 000, 000 shingles made in the State during 1888, there was made during 1899 about 1,000, 000, - ooo, largely white cedar. From an un- broken forest of white pine in the State only a few years ago, to-day there is nothing left, not even the down and worthless stuff to make pine shingles from. Probably one-half the popula- tion of the United States depended on Michigan ten years ago for their sup- ply of shingles. It may be interesting to note the rise and fall of the shingle industry in Michigan as shown by the following statements, from 1873 to the present time, and the comparative amounts made in different years during this period at the principal points of manufacture : Shingles Manufactured in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan: 1873, 1, 500, 193, O00 1883, 2, 385, 000, 000 1888, 2, 660, 000, 000 1899, 1,066, 000, 000 the State of Washington, having to bear railroad transportation of from three thousand to four thousand miles. There are to-day over 400 shingle mills in Washington. The industry started about ten years ago, and the following table will show the great increase in the busi- ness : Shipped to the Eastern States from Washington : 1890, 2,100 carloads. 1891, 3, 300 carloads. 1892, 6,341 carloads. 1893, 6,053 carloads. 1894, 10,975 carloads. 1895, 12,710 carloads. 1896, 13,949 carloads. 1897, 16,875 carloads. 1898, 19, 312 carloads. 1899, 23,246 carloads. Or a gain from 315,000,000 in 1890 to 3, 500, 000, 000 in 1899. It is estimated there is about 1,000, - Shingles manufactured at the follow- ing points during this period: 000,000 cypress shingles made each year in the Southern States, which are mar- keted largely in the Atlantic seaboard towns and the Western States. There is also a considerable quantity of hemlock shingles made in Pennsylvania, and quite a quantity of redwood made in California, but the amounts are com- paratively small. Walter C. Winchester. 0 The Third Party. ‘‘Don’t talk to me about a third party !'’ exclaimed the old politician. ‘‘A third party is always a fraud.’’ ‘*He’s awfully in the way some- times,’’ assented the politician’s pretty daughter. —_—__—_»2+.—___ While the Furor Is On. ‘‘What is the zenith of a politician’s ambition, pa?’’ ‘‘Well, it is when photographers are chasing him to take his picture every day for weeks before he fails to get elected.’’ Muskegon. 1373, 22, 750, 000. 1884, 327, 000, 000. 1887, 520, 000, 000. 1892 169, 000, 000. 1898, 34, 000, 000. Manistee. 1873, 120, 000, 000. 1883, 722, 000, 000. 1890, 400, 000, O00. 1899, 18g, 000, 000. Saginaw. 1873, 218, 000, 000, i881, 304, 000, 000. 1896, 38, 000, 000. Grand Haven. 1873, 36, 000, 000. 1883, 147,000, 000. 1888, 4, 000, 000. D., L. & N.R. R. Mills. 1873, gO, 000, 000. 1884, 497, 000, 000. 1891, 85, 000, O00. 1896, 8, 000, 000. To-day the bulk of the shingles used | are made from red cedar and come from | ——__> 22> The man who is always serious or al- ways merry is but half a man. HEMLOCK BARK. Product of the Lower Peninsula Practi- cally Exhausted. Hemlock bark is as little known as any commodity that I call to mind and only a few realize the magnitude of the business in handling and the importance of this tanning product. Seventeen years ago goes back of my time in the trade two and one-half years, but my father, N. B. Clark, now deceased, had already laid the founda- tions of a business that has grown to be one of the leading industries in the State. Nearly all the tanners were formerly located in practically bark reigons or in cities favorable to hide markets and to receiving the larger part of their supply of bark by vessel shipments; but with each year's consumption the tanner was compelled to reach out farther for his supply and where he had been getting all he could use by wagon or vessel, it finally became necessary to ship in by rail. As rail shipments opened up a larger bark territory, it was not long un- til new markets were established, partly by the building of new taneries at rail- road centers taking favorable rail rates and partly through interesting tanners throughout Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky and Missouri to use hemlock bark with their oak, the union of the two barks making a more profitable tan- nage and at the same time producing a fine quality of leather. Seventeen years ago it seemed that hemlock in Michigan was almost inex- haustible and the timber and_ bark stumpage were considered of little value, millions of feet being cut down for the bark alone. The price received for the bark was only enough to yield fair wages for the work done and al- lowed but little for stumpage, but as the peeling of bark comes at a time of year when all other work in the woods is scarce, and to within the last three or four years was done principally by those wishing to clear up lands for their homes, it proved to be a great help and has been the means of bringing many thousands of dollars into the State each year, not, however, without making a great change in the amount of hemlock timber remaining, so much so that it is only a question of a short time when the supply in Lower Michigan will be com- pletely exhausted. It would be hard to give an exact esti- mate of the amount of Michigan hem- lock bark handled each year, but the following figures are not much out of the way: 200,000 cords, representing 400, - 000,000 feet of timber peeled; average price paid f. o. b. loading points, which represents the labor almost en- tirely, is $4 per cord,or $800,000. To this can be added the freight to make delivery to tanner, which will average $3 per cord, or $600,000 more, making a total of $1, 400, 000. Notwithstanding all that has been cut, Michigan can still boast of many thousands of acres of uncut timber in the Upper Peninsula, where but little has been done toward marketing either the bark or timber, owing to the low prices in the past; but, with the diminishing supply in lower Michigan and the ad- vance in prices, the marketing of Up- per Peninsula hemlock bark is near at hand. Clarence U. Clark. How He Felt. Dentist—I have pulled the tooth out. Now how do you feel? Sufferer_-Feel! Why, I feel as if you had pulled my head out and left the tooth, yY A \. ” 1 > one t : 5 . EE a ee a a The Weir Stone Fruit Jar_ — Hermetically Sealed at All Times. lade in Six Sizes: 1 Pint, 1 Quart, 2 Quarts, 4 Quarts, 8 Quarts, 20 Quarts. Not an Experiment. Can be Sealed and Unsealed Easier and Quicker than Think of It! A continual downward pressure on the bale until Unsealed. Corking a Jug. No ’ Slivers hw of ( g Glass fe in a = Fruit l Dec ee. é o ee ae a eae (NEE ee ee ee Ee eee ee eceecceae cs YSSSSSSSSSSeT SSS SSS Le LSS = sglviinet pad SSE kA ewes aii EMSS ATS SRR WILLIAMS BROS. & GHARBONNEAU, Detro MANUFACTURERS OF The Finest Condiments Offered to the American People oo = - : ‘ia WSO AW s PRONG ee onesies See es ieee 19): 30 Peal Penske al Pe M FRESH RIPE ~ oJ R ae a) A er Cl BPO's. & CHAD. C} Waldorf Relish most appetizing relish in the world Chili Sauce Finest Quality Waldorf Tomato Catsup ae ~= yy, ot ian Vn . =, »” Ei fr Se 1} a Midnite a A eal rte COMA se Mil corinne a4 , Yeats ee a l Soa - |) Aeneas AMS Bros & ad a Fancy Sweet Pickles Mustard For Sale by the Best Retail Trade Everywhere. AT WHOLESALE BY CLARK-JEWELL-WELLS CO. and all Jobbers in SAGINAW, BAY CITY and DETROIT. o4 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 4 BUSINESS MEN IN POLITICS. Why They Should Make Their Influence Felt. As a rule, the business man is not in politics. Politics has two definitions in Webster’s Unabridged: First, ‘‘ The science of government,’’ second, ‘‘the management of a political party the advancement of candidates to office.”’ Unfortunately the latter and worse defi- nition is the one more commonly asso- ciated in the public mind with the word politician or politics, and when two men talk politics we most readily infer that they are discussing the chances of certain candidates winning out or are wrangling over the management of their own or the opposing party. The ‘‘business man’’ is also a term of broad meaning, but in this case, from the nature of the publication requesting the article, is understood to refer to those engaged in mercantile pursuits and traffic. The duty of good citizenship rests equally on all citizens. There is no satisfactory reason why any citizen should ignore his public duties, absent himself from the primaries, neglect to vote or refuse to connect himself with some political party. These are all simple duties easily performed, yet the failure to perform them is the primary reason for our failure to get good gov- ernment intown, municipality or state. Broadly speaking, all men desire good government, but few men understand the science of it. Many men take to politics, that is to the management of the party. There are usually in all po- litical parties two sets of leaders, one representing party management and the advancement of favorite candidates only and the other desiring in the main good government only. With the latter class the business man most naturally affili- ates; but unfortunately he does not affiliate enough. He becomes absorbed ‘in his business. He thinks he can _ not afford time to interest himself in public matters. He can better afford to pay in way of taxes for poorly managed, ex pensive, even corrupt, city or other gov- ernment than to take time to correct the same. Only when matters get extreme- ly bad does he arouse himself and then there is a change, until his neglect brings around a simiiar condition again. And yet the business man is by training, by experience, by education, particularly adapted to politics. Politics is largely a matter of com- promises—no party comes up to its ideal. Unless the conflicting interests of its members compel compromises nothing is accomplished. Caucus or committee judgment must often prevail in place of individual opinion. Some candidates are not satisfactory, but must be supported for the sake of better ones on the same ticket. Organization must be kept up. Sacrifice hits must be made. Grand stand plays don’t count, and team work does. Independence is not necessarily sacrifice in this. The business man’s life is one of compromises. Constantly is he com- pelled to adjust differences, to decide policies, to plan business Campaigns, to harmonize conflicting interests, to fore- cast the future. He submits to injus- tice, he grants favors, he subscribes to various things, he promotes enterprises, not because his judgment commends them in every case, but because it is for his interest in the long run. He compromises in all things except his principles. No one understands better the value of unquestioned integrity, good character and _ reputation, high standing and credit, than the business man; and none is quicker to demand these qualifications in public officials. A successful business man is thorough in investigating his own affairs and is apt to be arbitrary after having arrived at aconclusion. In political duties he is generally found to be superficial. He does not apply the same care and thought to public matters as to his own: so he often condemns because of insuffi- cient knowledge. noticeable in municipal matters. The business man must learn that politics is a business, that it requires thought, time, attention to detail ; that political influence, like trade, is a matter of slow growth-—it must be looked after, tended, cared for. The man who builds up a good and profitable business does not do it in a day nora year. Time isa great factor. He makes friends, ac- quires a good reputation, and often his friends and reputation are worth far This is particularly | a one-man, arbitrary affair, as is his private business, but more in the na- ture of a stock company. The stock- holders are vital. He may be only a stockholder ; but large powers are dele- gated to the directors, and there is always a president of the board. If no higher purpose will appeal, a business man’s financial interest should lead him to aid in solving that most difficult problem, the civic administration of cities. Here is a field where the high- est administrative ability is demanded, as well as keenest foresight and most Sagacious judgment. Many business men are willing to accept appointive offices who will not stand for an elec- tion with its attendant annoyances. It is to be hoped that when these appoint- ments are tendered to business men they will be accepted as a public duty and the same careful consideration be given them that would be accorded their pri- vate business, remembering that we do more to him than mere money. It is the same in politics. Friends and rep- utation are two things that money can not buy in politics any more than in business. The business man is too apt to be spasmodic in his political work. He is like the Irish engineer in the story—he’s ‘‘off agin, on agin, gone agin.’’ Spasmodic politics is like Spasmodic advertising, practically valueless. The business man ought to be in politics as he is in business—all the time, and with an extra effort when itis necessary. Failure through some misdirected effort to renovate the polit- ical atmosphere of the community is no more reason for quitting politics, washing one’s hands of all pertaining to the ‘“‘dirty pool’’, as it is apt to be called, than failure of some promising scheme would be a reason for quitting business. The business man must learn, too, that political business is not ordinarily ordered community is an inestimable blessing. Enough such communities make a state. If every business man in the State will do his full political duty our State will achieve even greater renown than it now enjoys. James W. Milliken. —_——_—_>0.___ Boston has an annual hand-organ re- cital. Ona day previously announced all the hand organs’ in the city are gathered at one place, and each organ grinder in turn plays for the benefit of the censor. If the music is up to the Bostonese standard, a license is granted to the organ grinder; if it be of the wheezy, squeaky variety, the owner is requested to seek some other _commun- ity where that kind of music is appre- ciated. ou Marks that have been made on paint with matches can be removed by rub- bing with a slice of lemon, then with whiting, and washing with soap and water. AGE OF ELECTRICITY. Have Multiplied of Late Years, The use of electricity, in the last few years, is getting to be almost as com- mon as the use of gas or water, and especially so in the larger cities. Theaters, hotels and public buildings of all descriptions are now using the electric light almost exclusively, as it can be so conveniently turned on and off, is so much cleaner and cooler, and besides, is so readily adapted to all sorts of decoration. For window deco- ration in stores it is about the only light that can be safely used. It was comparatively a few years ago that buildings lighted with the electric light were few and far between, but now every new buidling of any pre- tensions whatever is wired throughout in the most approved manner, whether it is the intention to use the electric light at once or not. In many buildings special systems of wiring are provided for operating power motors or for elec- tric fans for ventilation and tor opera- ting electric elevators. Many of the larger buildings have their own electric light plants and use the exhaust steam from their engines to heat the build- ings. This appears to be a very eco- nomical arrangement. In times past all these electric wires were installed by the local electrician or telegraph operator, as the case might be, and the manner in which he did it depended on the price he got for his job and on his particular ideas of the proper way to do things; but now this is ail changed and all wiring is sub- jected to the most rigid inspection by the fire departments of cities and the inspection bureaus of the fire insurance companies and must conform to certain detinite rules and regulations. The companies doing the work are required to procure licenses and file bonds, so that the public, who in general are not acquainted with proper and safe meth- ods of wiring, are fully protected. This increasing use of electricity has created a demand for special electrical appliances of all kinds and the elec- trical supply house has Sprung into existence, with its thousand and one articles made especially for the safe conducting and controlling of electricity. In the railway world, also, electricity is rapidly becoming, or, we should Say, has become, the sole power for Operat- ing the street car system of the coun- try, and the ease with which this power can be transmitted has enabled the rail- way engineers to draw their power for the systems of entire cities from one or two central points. As a result these railway power plants are becoming enormous in size. In New York City, at the present time, there are in course of construction two different stations each of which will have a capacity of about one hundred thousand horse power. In this city we understand the Street railway company is about to build a magnificent newplant which will oper- ate the local and suburban lines. In the telephone world, also, we find a great and rapidly increasing use of electricity. A few years ago only the large cities had telephone exchanges, but since the expiration of many of the fundamental telephone patents the in- dependent telephone companies have Sprung into existence and, with the re- sulting advertising of the telephone due to competition, the number of telephones in use has doubled and trebled, until every country village and many a farm house has connection with the business center; and the end is not yet. L. P. Cody. How Its Uses ae me S| . = fF te §s vf vy , MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 55 PAKAAAKARRAKKARRRRAAE | Boer Mannece Clonee Our Manager Cigar Best Five Cent Brand on the Market. aR AE H. B. FAIRCHILD, General Manager Hazeltine & Perkins Drug Co. Buy a Seller Sell a Winner Win a Buyer Sol el by Hazeltine & Perkins Drug Co., Grand Rapids PP AP EERE PAPER AR AEE or 92 8 92-9290 98 9298 929892 92 98.92 98 92.92.98 56 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN MERCANTILE ORGANIZATION. Ups and Downs of Local and State Asso- ciations. Selfishness is a thief that robs society of the full benefits of organization. It wars against the association units of the human family for mutual advantages. It seeks its own at the expense of others, rather than by reaping rewards in which all may share. The strong, being averse to helping the weak, prefer to adhere to the policy of the survival of tue fittest and let the divil take the hindmost. Nature is organized and history teaches that the greatest forces are those which are or have been fully organized which control the units and compels their working together for mutual profit. Na- ture insures the integrity of the unit and demonstrates that its power and_ effec- tiveness are increased through organ- ization. This fundamental principle has always been attractive to the retail grocer, always quick to recognize the benefits which organization should bring; but up to date all efforts to se- cure the advantages of organization have been spasmodic and without influence on the general trade, while to a greater or less degree beneficial in localities. The trend of the times is toward or- ganization, or we might say concentra- tion. We note this particularly in the industrial world, including the great transportation interests. The secret is that the world is getting tired of paying ten men for doing two men’s work. We do not propose to consider whether the economical advantages offset the effect on the man, or whether society would not be better off individually if it were willing to pay more for its railway ride, its iron, sugar, beer and other things, and give greater opportunity and a higher wage to the individual. The fact is that organization is the watchword of the hour. Emerson says: ‘‘Concen- tration is the secret of strength in poli- tics, In war, in trade; in short, in al] management of human affairs.’’ Why are retail grocers’ associations weak? Is it not because there is not power enough in any organization to compe! a retailer to keep its rules or regulations? And until such power is acquired the movement can have no element of permanency—they can never become forcefui societies able to put money in the pockets of the units. They can and probably will exert power in certain directions, modify some trade evils, but as a controlling force over in- dividuals they might as well be out of existence. We must recognize the force of the statement, ‘‘That is the most efficient organization which makes most effective use of the individual force. The crown and glory of all true union is for the unit to do its best.”’ The ups and downs of grocers’ organ- izations may be traced by the results secured to the unit or individual. When organization puts money into the pocket of the unit, or the unit has faith that organization is of personal profit, the success rests with the association. When the unit fails to receive a monetary value for his interest then the unit's interest in organization wanes and the association drops out of sight. So far as grocers’ organizations are concerned the United States is in the second era of organization. In 1874 there were associations in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, West Virginia, Ken- tucky, Tennessee, Georgia, South Caro- lina, Mississippi, Illinois, North Caro- lina, Virginia and California. These associations came into existence asa force in movement instituted in 1866, and which in 1874 had 11,000 to 12,000 organiza- tions in thirty-two states and territories, with a membership of 1,000,000. In 1873 a grocers’ protective society was formed at Buffalo, New York. In Sep- tember of the same year Ohio retailers urged the formation of protective unions in order to fight the grangers, who were opening retail stores. Ina short time the movement died out and by 1880 there were no retail grocers’ associa- tions. The second era of organization was begun January 1, 1881, when the New England Grocers’ Association was formed. In 1882 the New York Retail Grocers’ Union came into existence and was incorporated in Aprii, 1886. A New York State organization formed in 1886 and incorporated in 1887. There is now state associa- tion. Michigan organized a state as- sociation Sept. 11, 1886, which was in- was no corporated September 28, 1887. Penn, sylvania effected a state organization in | 1886 and was incorporated Jan. 18, 1887. It lasted six or eight years. In 1898 a new one was formed in Reading. It holds semi-annual conventions. There are now local associations in twenty- eight states, but in a number there are only one, two or three organizations., During the World’s Fair in Chicago in 1893 a National Association was created by a few score of men, repre- senting a few states. It had no life worth living and merely kept name and form until an effort was made in the winter of 1900 to resurrect it at Cleve- land, Ohio, with fair promise of suc- cess. There were twenty states repre- sented, a new constitution and by laws were adopted and a good working or- ganization was effected, which, if prop- erly managed, can be made a large, useful and powerful association. Its main work is to foster the formation of opposition to the granger| ! | It must be recognized that nowhere in the United States is there a retail gro- cers’ association that exercises author- ity over its units, nor is there one hav- ing on its rolls more than a fraction of the retailers within its territory except it be some small town or village. In Greater New York not one in ten of the retailers has any interest in an associa- tion. In Philadelphia there is a strong and active organization that has nearly 7oo members out of the nearly 5,000 grocers of the Quaker City. The State Association of Pennsylvania has not one-half the strength of the first State Association formed fourceen years ago, but which died a few years later. The new organization is two years old. At its last convention at Williamsport seventeen locals were represented, whereas at Wilkesbarre years before nearly fifty locals were enrolled and the whole State was alive to association local and state organizations. work. At present there are in the United States state organizations in Massachusetts (six months old), New Jersey, Pennsyivania, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota, lowa, Texas, Tennessee, Kansas, West Virginia, Illinois, New Jersey, Indiana, Missouri, Nebraska and Massachusetts. In many of these States there are only a few locals. For instance, in Missouri only six, in New Jersey seventeen, in Tennessee, two. One reason why grocers’ organizations have a spasmodic existence is because the retail grocers do not value organ- ization at its true value; nor are they willing to contribute to its support. Think of a convention spending hours over the question of whether a_ per capita tax should be fifteen, twenty, twenty-five or fifty cents! And yet that has been a common occurrence. Such a charge ought to be five dollars asa min- imum. If organization is worth any- thing at all to its members it is worth that or more; and because the members are not willing to put their hands in their pockets and pay to secure the ben- efits of organization they have a variable life and sooner or later die. In many instances this lack of money, or motive power, forces retailers’ associations to devise food shows, picnics, balls, ex- cursions, etc., as a means for keeping money in the treasury. A few publish a journal and by advertising patronage secure funds. These are all irregular methods and rob organization of its dig- nity. The thrifty, up-to-date, progres- sive, broad-minded retailer is willing to put his hand in his pocket and pay liberally for the support cf an organiza- tion effective enough to cure trade evils and be an insurance against the pirati- cal cutters,, exactions on the part of transportation companies, an aid to effective legislation and a general help to him as a money-getter. Until organ- ization demonstrates its power to do this it can not expect to find general support or to look forward to a long life. The history of associations teaches that their existence depends largely upon the man that is the chief executive officer. He ought to be a salaried official, whose entire time should be devoted to push- ing the work of the Association. Where the work of an organization depends upon the time that an unpaid busy dealer can steal from his business or home it can not be very effective nor of a nature to awaken enthusiasm. It is for this and other reasons noted that re- tail grocers’ associations, during the past thirty years, have had a fluctuating history and why they are likely to have an up and down future. Frank N. Barrett. —___> 0. ___ Cost of Good Roads. The cost of good roads in the differ- ent states varies greatly, as would be expected from the wide difference in their topography. Says a wtiter in an automobile journal : The three hundred miles Massachu- sets has built cost $3,000,000, or an av- erage of $10,000 per mile. New Jersey has built four hundred and forty ‘miles of road, much of it gravel and some but ten feet wide. This improvement has cost $2,000,000, or an average of about $4,545 per mile. The New York State Engineer estimates the cost of a macadam road, sixteen feet wide, in that State, at $8,000 per mile. Much de- pends on the character of the ground on which the road is built and on the dis- tance the materials have to be carried. At Montclair, N. J., a macadam road, sixteen feet wide, eight inches thick, was built at a cost of $6,940 a mile. In Middlesex county, N. J., the Cranberry road was built at a cost of only $3,841 per mile. It is built of trap rock ma- cadam, twelve feet wide and eight inches thick. In another part of the same county the cost of a similar road was in excess of $5,000 per mile. Prices for macadam, independent of the prep- aration of the road to receive the ma- cadam, in that State, vary from 40 to 80 cents per square yard for road eight inches thick. In the preparation of the roadbed there is as wide a difference as in the road itself. This is one of the Important parts of the construction of a road. If the foundation is not good the surface soon becomes broken. This fact, together with proper drainage, will often form a considerable part of the expense of construction. Reducing grades, securing additional right of way and bridges are special expenses incurred in connection with the con- struction of good roads. —___—_ © 6@ _ Invidious Comparison. The revivalist had just remarked to the audience that a certain place was “paved with good intentions. ’’ ‘*Humph!’’ said a man who lived in a town where there was a street-paving ring. ‘‘It isn’t much better off than our place.’’ ; MICHIGAN TRADESMAN O7 SSE AE AE A Ah Ah Ah aA he Ah A Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah A A Ae A A A A A SA A Ah Ae She SA Ae SA Ae SA Ah ah Rindge, Kalmbach, Logie & Co., Manufacturers and Jobbers of BOOTS AND SHOES Grand Rapids, Mich. Office and Factory 10-22 North Ionia Street, ig EEIbSSXeS: — a a q LA Zi ie r, aN" ; er | cre [bee al le mm ® @ We established in 1874 the pioneer shoe factory in Grand Rapids and have always aimed to be leaders in everything pertaining to the business. Nearly entire block devoted to the manufacture and sale of boots, shoes and rubbers. We call special attention to our own line of manufactured goods, including the following: For men and boys’ wear: Hard Pan, Hustlers, Keystones and Star lines; for working shoes each one is a Star of its kind, the best in the market. River Shoes: Here is where we lead all others. They have a national reputation and are given the preference wherever known. For Fine Wear: We make Valour and Ideal Calf; also our Cordovan Shoes for men, boys, women, misses and children—once worn always called for. We make above lines pegged, standard screw, machine sewed and Goodyear welt. We make the best Leather Top Rubbers on the market. The bottoms are Boston Rub- ber Shoe Co.’s duck rubbers and the tops are made from first quality Western oil grain. We handle Combination Felts and Rubbers. We are factory agents for Boston and Bay State Rubbers. Inspection solicited. Correspondence invited. LBLB LE LB LBL LB LE LE LE LE LALA LAL Ye 58 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN HARDWOOD LUMBER. Handled by More People Than the Pine Product. The advance in the hardwood inier- est during the past twenty-five years has been as phenomenal as that of the pine industry which preceded it. There was a time when men with capital thought only of securing pine lands. Now that the pine is practically gone they have turned their attention to hardwood, and_ the progress which it has made attests its value. It was in the year 1882 when, as man- ager for a lumbering concern, | first acquainted myself with the manufacture of Michigan hardwoods. At that time maple, gray elm and basswood were the three leading kinds on the market, bass- wood being foremost; but as, in maple and elm only high grades were salable, the balance of the stock being left to dispose of as best one could, the profits were small. As nobody used maple ex- cept school desk bench-work lumber, the customers were few, and the quality they demanded _ is shown by the stipulation in the con- tracts for white rock maple. There was only one flooring plant then that was making maple flooring—T. Wilce & Co., of Chicagoand they were then combining pine with their maple. Such were some of the difficulties, to- gether with rigid inspections, which beset the hardwood industry here at its beginning. In 1884 I began manufacturing at Boyne City on my own account and in 1885, with great care in the selection of logs and the manner of sawing them, managed to dispose of 500,000 feet by coming out a little behind, but not, however, discouraged with the prospect. A little later, orders which I considered very good at that time came in from chair factories. The first order received from a chair company for gray elm, good stock, netted me only $9 f. o. b. rail or vessel Boyne City, while maple brought but $10. But the last ten years has made a great change in the lumber business. pushed into prominence, now being used extensive- ly for interior finish, piano backs and antique furniture. These and various other uses have so enlarged the demand for this product that the price has in- creased from $9 to $20, the present value. Maple has also increased in favor, al- though not in proportion to gray elm. The variety of the grades of lumber that can be cut from one log makes it adaptable fer both cheap and expensive articles, so it is used now by nearly all furniture and chair factories, piano men and manufacturers of school furniture : also in bowling alleys and for flooring. Anything requiring a hard finish can be made out of maple. Look at hemlock. When I started in here, we could hardly get the expense of logging and manufacturing out of it. The only profit we realized was from he bark, and that was netting us about as much ten cr fifteen to-day. True, we are getting a little more money for it per cord at this time, but stumpage and wages are enough higher to more than offset that, and you could get a much better day's work from the labor at that time than you can now. Not more than ten years ago we sold hemlock street plank f. 0. b. rail or vessel here for $4.75 and up to $5.2: while to-day we are getting $9 p r 1,000 feet for short merchantable hemlock and $io for 18 by 20's. Of course, with the incerase in stumpage and advance in ste dy people and some for sugar Gray elm has years ago as it is 526, labor in the last two years, it would be | ago. Of course, in the last two years impossible for us to market hemlock at the price we did ten or twelve years ago, but owing to the advance in the product, even if wages and_ timber stumpage have advanced, it makes hemlock lumber fairly profitable to manufacture and handle at the present. White cedar shingles are also grow- ing in favor. During the last four or five years we have been making several million of them, together with cedar ties and telegraph poles, which are quite profitable. Ten years ago we put no value on cedar stumpage in estima- ting, timber lands for purchase, while at present it compares in value with other timber. The hardwood holdings in this coun- try are going to be very profitable and are going to circulate as much money as pine ever did, for the pine was all controlled by a few and there was not the general circulation of money from pine lumber that there will be from) hardwood. True, harwdood is drifting a good deal that way, but not so much so as pine, because where hardwood timber grows there is good land, very suitable for farming. Any amount of land has been purchased by farmers intending to make a home where they have only cut the timber off what land they wanted to clear, thus leaving stand- ing timber which is coming on the mar- ket every year and furnishing the farm- er something for improvement on his farm after paying the expense of lum- bering. It will give a little idea as to the in- creased use for hardwood products in this locality when I tell you it was much harder work to dispose of 500,000 feet in 1885 than it is to disnose of 40,000, - ooo feet at the present; and consider with this the increased numbers of hard- wood manufacturers to-day as compared with the number ten or fifteen years hardwood holdings have doubled in value, but wages have increased so much in proportion that we can not put the lumber on the market as cheapiy as we could previous to this time; how- ever, this makes a general adjustment in financial matters and circulate more money than it would if the increased value of the timber went into the profits. Wm. H. White. ~ > eam - Assisting Nature. ‘What are all these people along the shore and in boats doing?’’ asked the maiden in the pale blue taffeta shirt walst. ‘‘They seem to be dragging the river,’’ replied the interested mascu- line observer. ‘*Good land! Does the river run so slowly that it has to be pulled along?’’ —> es —.- There are as many opportunities in tbe world as there ever were if we only had the eyes to see them. Laid It to the Elephants. ‘*Look here! Yesterday when | bought this cane from you, you guaranteed that the head was genuine ivory; now I find that it is imitation.’’ ‘Is that possible? Well, I get all my goods direct from Ceylon, but, of course, it is quite possible that the ele- phants there have taken to using false tecth.”’ 2. ____ Inducement to Hurry. Customer—How long will it take to put a small patch on this shoe? Cobbler—Ahout ten minutes, I guess. Customer—Then I'll smoke a cigar while I’m waiting. Cobbler (after the first whiff of the cigar)—I’ll have it done in about two ninutes, sir. a There is unusual activity among _ in- ventors at present in the effort to pro- duce machines for mathematical pur- poses, and perhaps the largest number of applications received at the patent office for any one line of invention these days are for patents for improvements on adding machines, Some Disadvantages of Paying Cash. The advantage and advisability of always paying cash for his purchases has been so well drilled into the young man with the future before him that if he were to be questioned as to what, in his opinion, is the golden ruie he must observe in business, he would, in nine cases of ten reply, ‘‘ Never take credit.’’ Successful business men, as a general rule, deem the adoption of this advice to be of paramount importance, and, although they recognize the fact that if the young business man is progressive, he is bound to seek credit to a certain extent in order to increase the scope of his operations; still they impress upon him the fact that, unless at the start he adheres to a system of strict cash pay- ment, and thereby earns the respect and confidence of people he deals with, he will never reach that stage where he will be able to borrow. This seems to be the generally accepted theory, and its propagation has certainly done much to establish good business habits in young men. Now, however, a_ well-known busi- ness man of such standing as to enable him to speak authoritatively, comes forward with the statement that, in his opinion, a young man is ruining his own prospects by paying cash where he can get credit. He deems the golden tule of business for the young man to be ‘‘Never pay cash where it is pos- sible to obtain credit.’’ In order, how- ever, that his advice may not be sus- pected of savoring of dishonesty, he adds that important supplementary in- junction, ‘‘Always see that you are in a position to meet your bills.’’ ‘‘In my opinion,’’ says this writer, it is folly on a young man's part to have such a dread of falling into debt. Every business man with any enter- prise about him is bound to need addi- tional capital in his business sooner or later, and the man who has been borrow- ing little amounts all the time and pay- ing them back promptly and without any trouble stands a much better chance of getting financial help when he needs it than is the man who scrupulously re- fuses to take a cent’'s worth of credit until he actually needs it. ‘*The reason for this is easily appar- ent. It is one of the traits of human nature to go on trusting until suspicion is awakened. The young man who keeps on borrowing and borrowing and always takes care to maintain a reserve fund sufficient to meet all his bills and obligations on time, will never awaken that suspicion, but will, onthe contrary, obtain a splendid reputation for thrift and industry among his little world. The young man who pays cash will, on the contrary, be trusted only as long as he continues to pay cash, but as soon as he seeks credit he will awaken suspi- cion on account of his change of policy and will probably meet with a cold re- fusal, although he may be of greater integrity than his credit-seeking broth- er. People will say to each other, ‘Young M-—— must be doing well, he pays his bills with the regu arity of clock-work, and never asks for an ex- tension. He seems likely to succeed. Let’s deal with him.’ Thus this young man’s creditors become his best adver- tisers, and when they have tried him for some time and find he never fails them they will be only too willing to accom- modate him any time he needs a finan- cial loan. ‘* Now let us see how the cash-paying young man is going to fare. I can not do better than to narrate to you the case of a young country merchant I know. He has always paid cash for everything he bought (and did a correspondingly small business). He determined finally to enlarge his trade, and to do this re- quired the credit he had never before akse@ for. When he came to town and asked the men to whom he had always paid cash to let him have goods on time they one and all became suspicious of him and refused. The very fact that he had always paid cash made them think, when he finally asked for credit, that he wasn’t a safe man to trust. Moral: Never pay cash for anything if you would avoid suspicion.”’ é + ete « ° - > co ARC A ie yg ear INE a > oe PRO tite sr porcrosicien LQLLALHANLAHLALNALNAAAHAOAHNLNAAHANHDAHDONDNNNNHODANNAANNANANLKRAAAKRARRAAAAH MICHIGAN TRADESMAN “t Kimball Kms i Pianos and oe 2 we © Are first-class in every way. All instruments fully war- ranted as represented or money back. We give you more piano for your money than any other house. Write us and we will gladly quote price. t Established in 1857. W. W. KIMBALL CO. 47 Monroe Street, GRAND RAPIDS, = MICHIGAN. ‘ N. E. STRONG, Manager. QLPLOLOLSPLSLSLSOLLSLOLOL The Leading Music House in Western Michigan. ¢ Julius A. J. Friedrich 30 and 32 Canal Street, : 2 a Grand Rapids, Mich. a yo 4 ye. $: “A ) 4 = i wv o— HR. B. Chase, Hazelton, Fischer, Franklin, Cudwig, Kingsbury and other Pianos ® ® e @ @ »Pianolae = The best self-playing piano attachment in the market. ‘ FAA. B. Chase and Ann Arbor Organs ® A full assortment of Sheet Music and Musical Merchandise. Everything in the music line at lowest prices. Catalogues sent free on application. OLWLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLeLeLe * re For the Holiday trade. We make an elegant assort- ment. Our prices are always right. Send for cata- logue and price list. Special discount for quantity. Note—The above cut of our No. 80 Boston shows the latest thing out. You should have some of them for your fine trade. Kalamazoo Paper Box Co. Kalamazoo, Michigan | ; i FAS AS AS AS AF AS ASS Ce OSE NOE ee AOE AO A NOE OS AOS OC EE OO PP ZS ? Py 3: Lambert’s Salted Peanuts : 2 i = =! New Process } z Ee lneiin iz Fg ae 3 Tr ; = a. : ze a = "NE Ww P ROC ESS iS Ss Sl ez z - SALTED PEANUTS = 3 e Z vd | e 3 is 3 is 3 s 3 i 3 A =! io s eS ; ce iS = NEW PROCESS ~| : ie g} é PEANUTS | == is Dic ricare | | z = j INI IN IY IN IP pense WW PIN INN Makes the nut delicious, healthful, and palatable. Easy to digest. ee Made from choice, hand-picked Spanish peanuts They do not get ran- i cid. Keep fresh. We guarantee them to keep ina salable condition ie Peanuts are put up in attractive ten-pound boxes, a measuring glass jos in each box. A fine package to sell from. Large profits for the retailer. } Manufactured by ie . « THE LAMBERT NUT FOOD CO., is Battle Creek, Mich. e PANDA ANIA), 60 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN THE RAILROAD BUSINESS. Marvelous Changes of the Past Seventy Years. Progress and improvement are the natural results of the educational ad- vantages so generously and generally afforded to our growing generations, and the practical application of these ideas during the Nineteenth Century just closed, improving in quality with each passing decade, is spread before us and is unwittingly enjoyed by us daily without the proper conception necessary to an intelligent appreciation of them. We are too prone to consider as necessities the majority of those aids to comfort which only a short time back we were too glad to welcome as lux- uries. In no direction has this been shown to such a marked degree as in the rail- road properties of this country, and so gradually and evenly have the different grades made their appearance that they have been accepted as matters of course and treated accordingly. The ever-present restless feeling so common to the average American, when yoked with ambition and honesty of purpose, has been the underlying me- dium which has transformed the former clumsy, tedious and nerve-testing meth- ods of transportation into graceful, grateful and restful mediums of travel, so that the whole world is now as ac- cessible to the traveler as the nearby city was to the farmer fifty years ago. This broadened scope of possibility daily creates new ideas, which, prac- tically applied, produce still newer and greater labor saving—-and, it is to be hoped, health producing—devices, all of which, if used judiciously and temper- ately, will bring increased and perma- nent benefit to the present and especial- ly to the future generations, as it is-in- tended they should, but which, on the other hand, are susceptible to misuse, resulting in slothfulness and decay. The rapid progress we have made, almost universally without serious drawback, has made us prone to take too much for granted and has not tended to forcibly impress upon us, as it should, the fact that all our present modes of quick and luxurious transit have been devised, worked out, modi- fied, improved upon and perfected, and, best of all, have been adapted to the use of the rich and the poor alike, within the short period of seventy years-—only anordinary lifetime. Such progress is truly commendable, but alike regrettable —commendable in that we are able to present at the great Congress of Na- tions a magnificent country filled even now almost to overflowing with evi- dences of enlightened skill, which not only permits us to assume a position in the front ranks of the great world’s powers, but enables us to hold that po- sition by virtue of our superior work- manship, coupled with especial adapt- ability to use it to the best advantage; and regrettable because of the ever con- stant menta! and physical strain neces- Sary to satisfy ambition’s demands, thereby not only depriving us of the opportunity of rational enjoyment of our own labors, but transmitting to com- ing generations that nervous, eager ten- sion and application so suspectible to brilliant achievement, and at the same time productive of weak physical de- velopment. A_ conservative, medium course is all that is necessary now to keep this country of ours in the van in its rapid development in the sciences, the mechanics and the arts, as well as in that perfect physical development which is so absolutely essential to the permanent establishment of the Anglo- Saxon race in its full beauty and strength in this New World of ours, and such a course is urgently recommended as the only true one to follow for happi- ness and complete success. 1 feel willing to try, but fear I will be unable te comply with your request to place before your readers any new thoughts on the subject of improvement or progress in the building, equipping or maintaining of railroads, for how can I approach in vividness of description the object lessons which present them- selves hourly to every one who in the course of his daily avocation, more es- pecially while traveling, takes the trouble | to observe what he sees? All of us, | with eyes, see, but comparatively eae observe and reflect upon what they see. How few of us appreciate or have even | thought of the marvelous growth that started at nothing and in less than the span of a man’s life has assumed the wonderful proportions that the railroads and their accessories of the present day | have! One can hardly conceive that only seventy years ago the first railroad of the United States was built and the railroad locomotive was an experiment. It, no doubt, will sound ridiculous to the reader of the present day, but it is nevertheless a fact that an effort was then made to run this locomotive fast enough to beat a stage coach drawn by two horses, but such is a fact, and when this feat was accomplished, it was felt that great progress had been made; and it had, for it was a decisive step for- ward. When God created man He wisely provided that he must go either for- ward or backward, never standing still. Each night when we retire, we have either added something to the knowl- edge of the day before or we have lost something which has been picked up and utilized by others. Nothing is per- mitted to go to waste. Bear this in mind and remember that slothfulness and indifference, coupled with egotism, are the channels through which we lose that which, properly applied, would make us rich indeed. In no branch of labor is the oppor- tunity to daily add some new thought or apply some new idea so forcibly pre- sented as in mechanics, exemplified through railroad work. Let us look pack for a moment to see what we had in the way of railways and railway carriages at the beginning of the Nineteenth Cen- tury, which has just come to a close, that we may comprehend the immense strides we have made in progress and improvement. In 1738, the first iron rail was laid in England. It was not, however, until 1801 that the building of railways in England was formally. sanctioned by the British Parliament. In 1826, less than 100 years later, the first railroad was built in the United States. The first rails were cast iron, flat, and about four or five feet in length, and it was not until 1820 that machinery for rolling rails into shape similar to the form in use to-day was invented by means of which wrought iron. was used and the rails lengthened from time to time until they finally reached the length of thirty feet, which is now in common use. In 1827 there were only thirteen miles of railroad in the United States, employing about fifty men. Now there are 190,000 miles, em- ploying 880,000 men, or about one-four- teenth of the entire working force of this country, and this has all been ac- Che following is a reproduction of Corl, Knott § Co's Fall announce- ment sent from Paris to the Wholesale and Jobbing Crade. CORL, KNOTT & CO. 20-22 N. Division St. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 2! Rue de Il’Echiquier PARIS. Sutts, =lune wg 1900. We take pleasure in advising you that our Mr. Corl is now in Paris, selecting our stock of millinery for the Fall trade with the assistance of Mr. Putinier, our resident buyer. The Exposition gives us an exceptional chance this year for bringing out novelties. Some of the large hats which are being worn now are well adapted to belvet trimmings in delicate shades and to large birds, while some other ones almost cobered With long feathers, Which go all around, make a very stylish effect. All other ornaments, large steel buckles and Ostrich feathers are also very much seen. We can assure you that, as in the past, we will show a full assortment of the newest creations of this year’s fashion. We will ship weekly pattern hats and assortments of latest nobelties, as soon as they are introduced by the lead- ing modists. Our trade Will certainly find itself benefited by the ad- vantages Which it will deribe from our having a capable per- manent buyer always in this market. It enables us to buy closely when dealing direct with the manufacturers, thereby sabing all intermediate profits, and we feel sure that we will merit a continuance of your patronage. Requesting the favor of a call from you, we remain. Respectfully yours, Corl, Knott & Co. sis ~ ees ee he n, in at AS ht ly in Ly 1- iy mT | => 8 e Ss enon OE Satie 55 i AOA vg wy » a oe MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 61 complished in the short period of sev- enty years. The first railroad constructed in America was projected in 1825 and built in 1826 to carry granite from the quarries of Quincy, Massachusetts, to the nearest water shipping point. It was four miles in length and its motive power was furnished by horses. The road bed consisted of stone slabs, laid crossways about eight feet apart, and across these at right angles were placed wooden stringers or rails five feet apart, on top of which stringers were fastened iron plates spiked down to prevent the wheels of the cars cutting into the wood. This method of construction was generally adopted by the early Ameri- can roads, but it was not used long, as it was found to be dangerous. The iron straps would work loose at the joints, causing what is known as ‘‘snake ‘ heads,’’ which would be caught up by the wheels and forced up through the bottom of the cars. The second road of similar construc- tion was built in the coal fields of Penn- sylvania in 1827 to carry coal to tide water. It was ten miles long and oper- ated by gravity and mules. In 1827, the Delaware & Hudson Canal Company sent Horatio Allen to Europe to buy three locomotives and some iron rails of the new pattern. One of these loco- motives, the first put into use in the United States, arrived in New York in the spring of 1829. It had a tubular boiler with exhaust steam blast and was mounted on four wheels. The sight of this machine no doubt prompted Peter Cooper to build his first locomotive, be- lieving, as he did, that an American could do whatever an Englishman could and do it better. He fully demonstrated the correctness of his belief,and the un- tiring energy, ambition and zeal of his successors have kept this country in the front rank of producers of motive power, so that to-day locomotives are built in this country and shipped over the entire world. In the improvement in motive power alone we have demonstrated that we never stand still and have shown conclusively that we have picked up, utilized and improved upon the ideas dropped by our English cousins. Nothing is more typically demonstra- tive of the superior skill, energetic zeal and ambitious push, representing progress, than the wonderful improve- ment made in the construction of loco- motives since Uncle Peter Cooper, sev- enty years ago, produced his one ton engine, called the ‘‘Tom Thumb,’’ and made the then remarkable speed of six- teen miles an hour, hauling one car filled with the directors of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad from Baltimore to Ellicott’s Mills, a distance of fifteen miles, over a roadbed of longitudinal stringers faced with iron plates laid on stone or wooden crosspieces or ties. Now we daily ride behind engines weighing from sixty to eighty tons, drawing trains of from ten to fifteen cars weighing twenty tons each. The improvement in the coach or railway carriage is as marked and striking as in the locomotive and fur- nish s evidence of novelty of design and adaptability of labor-saving and comfort-supplying devices, the result of experiment, supplemented by experi- ence, to as great a degree, but in a different way,as in the locomotive. The English railway coach was fashioned after the old English stage coach, be- ing about twenty-four feet in length and carried on four wheels, fastened rigid- ly together, and this general shape and style is still maintained except where American ideas have prevailed and American coaches have been used. The short curves of the American railway made it necessary to use a different kind of truck or running gear, one that would easily curve, hence two English coaches were spliced together and placed on bogie trucks, one at each end and each on four wheels. This combination car, or two cars in one, so to speak, was not used long before it was superseded and improved upon by the building of one car, varying in length from forty- five to sixty feet and carried on two trucks, one ateach end, originally with four wheels on each truck, but latterly frequently with six. This is essentially the car of the present day. The first passenger car used on a rail- road of which we have any knowledge resembled a small one-story board shanty with a flat roof, set up on four wheels, the wheels revolving on the axles. It had several windows on each side and a door at the end, with a step similar to what is now used on any or- dinary bus or depot wagon. It was drawn by a horse, the driver sitting up on an outside seat in front near the roof. It had two stationary wooden benches on the inside, with seating capacity for eight people. By comparing that car with the car of the present day, and bearing in mind that less than 100 years have passed, a moderately clear concep- tioncanbe obtained of the improvements that have taken place. This car was the beginning of what is now the Eng- lish railway coach, which, while show- ing evidences of many valuable im- provements, still retains many crude ideas of the original. The American railway carriage or coach never follcwed the English idea, but, profiting by the experience and mistakes of our English cousins, the American car was built upon a more capacious and democratic plan, providing conveniences necessary to comfort on long journeys which are not to be found in the cars of the Old World. The American car or coach was origin- ally constructed with plain wooden seats and lighted with tallow candles. It was not long, however, before marked im- provements were made in every part of these coaches. Wooden seats were re- placed with upholstered seats; separate toilet rooms were furnished for men and women; candles gave way to oil, which was so prepared that it was non-explo- sive and would not burn except at a heat which was in excess of that which might ordinarily be expected, oil, in turn, gave way to gas and, finally, to electricity until now a passenger coach upon a modern well-equipped road ob- tains greater ease and comfort than are to be found in the homes of the major- ity of the people who use them. At first and for many years, passen- ger cars were fastened together ina train by a link and pin, and the only method in use for stopping a train was by means of a hand brake, which was a wheel on the top of a brake rod or staff, of which there were two, one at each end of every car. At a given signal from the engineer, the brakeman would rush to these wheels and by main force and frequently awkwardness stop the train, which was done by winding the chain attached to tne brake beam around the brake staff, thereby forcing the brake shoes or pads hard up against the wheels. As no two men ever applied an equal amount of force on these brake wheels, the cars were brought to a stand- still frequently with a sudden jolt or jar Che Michigan Crust ompany ‘b WAS ORGANIZED FOR THE EXPRESS PURPOSE OF ACTING AS Executor, Administrator, Guardian, Trustee, Assignee, Receiver, Agent, etc. ‘b Capital, ~ - - - - $200,000.00 Additional Liability of Stockholders, 200,000.00 Surplus and Undivided Profits, - 100,000.00 Deposited with State Treasurer, 100,000.00 ‘b Directors Chas. H Hackley, Muskegon, Mich. Henry Idema, S. B. Jenks, Wm. Judson, F. Loettgert, N. LE. Avery, Willard Barnhart, James M. Barnett, Darwin D. Cody, W. W. Cummer, Cadillac, Mich. E. Golden Filer, Manistee, Mich. F. A. Gorham, Thomas Hefferan, Alfred D. Rathbone, Wm. G. Robinson, Samuel Sears, Dudley E. Waters, T. Stewart White, Lewis H. Withey. Anton G. Hodenpyl, Harvey J. Hollister, ‘b Officers LEWIS H. WITHEY, President. ANTON G. HODENPYL, Vice-President. GEORGE E. HARDY, Secretary. F. A. GORHAM, Ass’t Secretary. 62 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN so that passengers found it safer to re- main seated until the train stopped. The present air brake, which repre- sents the improvement in this branch of railway appliances, is, without ques- tion, one of the most important im- provements and has been the medium power and equipment of the railways of our country during the last three score and ten years, we realize, with profound pleasure and satisfaction, the mental and moral development of the men em- ployed in this great work, and in no branch of the service have improvement WATSON & FROST MANUFACTURERS OF GRAHAM FLOUR FEED AND CORN MEAL. of greater comfort to passengers and|and progress been su marked. greater reduction in wear andtearon]| The building of railways advanced so the equipment than almost any otherde-| rapidly after they were once started 128 & 132 West Bridge St Wholesale, Seeds, Beans, Grain, Flour, Hay and Wood. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. vice which has been used. At the pres- ent time, an engineer, by means of a series of cylinders, one under each car, connected by a pipe, solid iron under each car, and flexible rubber between cars to allow for the curving, and a smal! pump on his engine, keepsa stock of air on hand in the cylinders, and by the simple motion of moving a small valve in his cab applies or releases the brake pressure against the wheels with equal force on each and every wheel in the car simultaneously, and in such an easy manner that it is entirely prac- ticable to slow up and stop the train without the slightest jar. The use of the link and pin for fas- that it was impossible to properly edu- cate men for the various duties to which they were to be assigned, and experi- ence, frequently at the expense of the property, was the only teacher. This, while thoroughly efficient, was too often costly, and careful training was found to be absolutely essential to safety and success. Necessarily, in gathering to- gether such large bodies of men of all sorts and conditions as are required to handle our great railway properties, it was to be expected that some lawless and reckless characters would be found among them. A careful and systematic weeding out process has been going on for years until now and many years The Famous Grocery Counter The “Peerless” Acknowledged by thousands who are now using them to be the finest and most practical coun- ter in the world. Sold in every state in the union, han- dled by the largest ¢* tening cars together, and the manner in} back the railway men of this country, which the platforms of the cars were | Constituting one-fourteenth of the entire formerly built, allowed for considerable | Working population of this country, are slack or lost motion, which was always |recognized as the most law-abiding, jobbers on earth. Displays in front, stores in the rear and serves on top Goods always on dress parade. Made in eight different lengths, from 3ft. 8 in. to 12 ft. Drawers are uniform in size unless otherwise ordered. Shipped on approval anywhere and everywhere. Ask your wholesale grocers for further particulars, prices, ete. If they can not supply you addregs keenly felt when the train was brought to a stop. All passenger cars are now equipped with an automatic selfcoup- ling device, and the platforms of the same are fitted with a plate or buffer which rests upon springs, so that when the cars are fastened together, the plat- forms are continuous, the springs in the buffers permitting the car to adapt itself to curves. By the use of this style of platform, an entire train becomes sub- stantially like one car, there being no opening or slack motion from the head end of the engine to the rear end of the train. Sleeping cars, which are now consid- ered an absolute necessity to modern railway travel, were unknown forty years ago. When first conceived and used, about 1860, they were crude and rough affairs and were used for short runs only and seldom left the road own- ing them. The modern palace on wheels, wherein are to be found all the comforts and conveniences of a well-appointed home, and known as the Pullman car, is the outgrowth of a design made by George M. Pullman in 1864. The essen- tial features of the present car were in- vented by Mr. Pullman and _ practically applied, and the car of the present day is the result of continuous improve- ments looking to additional comfort, without, however, changing materially the special features of the original de- sign. In every branch of the railway serv- ice, mechanical engineering, traffic and accounting are to be found so many evidences of such marked improvement and progress, covering the surprisingly short period of seventy years, and each one is apparently so requisite to fill its appointed place, in order to produce a harmonious and well-appointed whole, it would be impossible in one article, without running the risk of becoming tedious, to refer to them all, even cas- ually. One improvement naturally sug- gests another and the ambition of the managers of the best-appointed roads of this country prompts them to en- deavor to excel in every little detail, for by experience and training they recognize that in perfection in detail lies success. While we can not fail to recognize the wonderful progress made in the con- struction of roadways and in the motive loyal and useful citizens of our Repub- lic. This body of men in this day of labor organizations could, if they so de- sired, present one of the most powerful organizations for good or evil to be found in the world, and it is greatly to their credit that their influence has been unfailingly found to have been used in the direction cf good. Upon no other class or body of men does such responsibility rest as upon the railway employe, and for that reason he must, necessarily, be a ian of high character and intelligence, coupled with good physica] development, to enable him to successfully carry the burden as- signed to him. Such he is, and is gen- erally so admitted. While the railroad employe, by virtue of his position, is the servant of the public, he is at the same time the peer of all. To him are entrusted the lives and property of mil- lions, and the safe and comfortable movement of these millions at all times and under all kinds of adverse condi- tions is the best answer as to how he fulfills that trust. We have only to ride upon the well-appointed and modern railways of this country and meet the FOLDING BATH TUB CO., Marshall, Mich., Sole Manufacturers and Patentees. DX bk i i & No. &—Concord Weeon 3n Win eo > = No. 13—Combination Platform. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN. Worth Over a Million! A Million Dollars might not prolong life one day, but BattleCreek Sanitarium Foods 24% will. Eat them, talk them, sell them, for the three master products Granola, Granose and Granut which are used on the tables of the great Battle Creek Sanitar- ium are what the people need, want, and will have. Manufactured by BATTLE CREEK SANITARIUM FOOD CO., BATTLE CREEK, MICH. e = | 1 ’~ A oka ey eo naan aialttaaies 63 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN men entrusted with their care to realize the satisfactory improvement which has been effected in the manners and meth- ods of the men emploved. The organization and perpetuation of many of the mutual benefit societies or orders to which the railroad men belong have, by their salutary teachings, brought the best qualities of the men to the front and established an esprit de corps so essential to success. Excep- tions, of course, are found where bodies of men are misled by the empty talk of self-elected leaders who never work and who could not be made to «nd who oc- cupy all their time in trying to create dissatisfaction and discord. The good sense of the majority is gradually but effectually eliminating this class, who are already beginning to real- ize that their day of prominence is fast drawing to a close. The democracy of railroad life is the keystone to the railroad man’s success. No man is born to his position. The higher and more important positions in all the railroads in the country are filled with men who have risen to them by their own efforts. The field is open alike to ali and the opportunities are as great to-day as they have been in the past, but refinement and education are now necessary qualifications. Every man is the maker of his own future. The presidents and general managers of the roads twenty-five years hence are now filling some minor positions, pick- ing up the threads of knowledge and experience as opportunities offer, and thus fitting themselves for the work which, on account of the natural im- provement being daily effected, will necessarily be more important even than that of the present. The establishment of branch houses of the Y. M. C. A. in the very midst of the busiest railway centers of the coun- try, thus affording a resting place for mind and body, surrounded with influ- ences of an ennobling instead of a de- grading character, has done more to improve the tone and character of the great railway army than any other one factor. Its importance must not be too lightly considered, for, unconsciously to the men, it has been the magnet that has drawn the good in them to the front and enabled them to understand and ap- preciate how much greater a degree of premanent satisfaction and comfort the good in a man,and every man has some, can develop than the bad, frequently to his surprise, but always resulting ina permanent adoption, Before leaving this subject, permit me to call attention to one phase in the life of a railway man and _ its relation to his surroundings which has probably attracted little or no attention, which has, in my opinion, as great a tendency to encourage or discourage him, result- ing in improvement or neglect, as any one, or possibly the many forces he comes in contact with, and that is the aid and encouragement which he should receive from the public, that large body which he is serving and for which, if he is loyal and honest, as the great majority of workers are, he is applying all that is best in him. If he tinds that nis work is appreciated, that his efforts to do right are not only observed but have left an impression upon those he is trying to serve, it adds greatly to his ambition, gives him renewed power and interest in his work, which results in great benefit not only to himself, but to those he has set out to serve—-the public. On the other hand, if he is treated with indifference or, worse still, with sus- picion, if he is brought to realize that] CU@OBOROROROE ORONO OROEOROHOROR OE OROROROCD CHOROROECHON the public are disposed to belittle the 3 © importance of his position, even go so s S far as to insult him by offering Him | te de Wee We WW AI IW III IK IKI III II IIAS SIA IIIA KIOWIK IRI BA OR A IA bribes to neglect his work on the score | No Long Story Here. of getting even with his employers, who, it is supposed, may not properly appre- : ciate his work, which I am glad to say Steel Mills, Steel Towers, Steel Tanks, Wood Tanks, Galvanized Pipe and Tubular Well Supplies. Write for Prices. in this day of enlightenment and conse- quent close relation between employer and employe is not true, he loses inter- est in his work, succumbs to the temp- tation to do wrong, forfeits the respect and confidence of his employer and loses what is of inestimable value to him-— the respect and confidence of his fellow men. It has probably never occurred ! . saprnenn to you, but it is nevertheless true, as Wind Mill Co., KALAMAZOO, MICH. has been clearly shown by the close ob- BIA II III IIS IAI SII ISIS ISL IS ISAS AISI ACSIAC servation and experience of years, that| @ = nothing can be more productive of per- [ 2 manent improvement in railway work | ON @ROREORORS TOROS RORONS GOEOCES LOROROHOROHOROHO ROCKO than the exercise of a disposition on the MI ) is Phelps & { Bigelow & = part of the public to tender encourage- ment to the young man starting out to carve a place for himself in the great railway monument of the world, and evidences of appreciation and an ex- pressed desire to aid rather than impede him in his work will be seed sown in c Tei fertile ground and will return you an © U ! : i O hundred fold. Try it. > ©) Charles M. Heald. w Bb ae aa o The Crow Indians of Montana, who ot i? raise a great deal of wheat, have en- a7 A tered into,a contract with the United @ a States Government to supply the Chey- to ms enne Indians with flour. They have © ym constructed a system of irrigation for aor va their farms, and have a good flour mill = » at the agency, while they are building! oO a another at a distant part of the reserva- | ran) co tion. They have sold much farm prod- an cy) uce annually for several years to buyers = in the country around, and many cattle = and horses. They are rich in farms and O flocks and herds, but this is the tirst oO time a Government contract or a rail- way contract was ever let to an Indian -at least to a ‘‘blanket Indian’’ of the mountains. Le Ht The hens got through laying earlier this year than last. That’s all. A hen lays about so many eggs, and if she be- gins late, as.she did in the spring of 1899, she finishes late, but if she begins the campaign early in March, as she | ad. did last spring, she gets tired when the | hot weather comes and quits. People! Ask your Jobber or write to the Manufacturers ae, MICHIGAN WASHING MACHINE CO. | plentiful in August as they were last | year. A hen has notions and ways of | MUSKEGON, MICHIGAN her own, and she is set in her ideas. | ‘ASBO UNL JI SOYVW JEYA SI yeY T, Simple, Strong, | v ieee No. 113 : — W ) Not how cheap but how good. Write for catalogue and prices. \ W THE BELKNAP WAGON CO., Grand Rapids, Michigan. W MS W ; : 9 0 0 0 8 0 2 ee Ee eZ a MICHIGAN TRADESMAN THE TRAVELING SALESMAN. Important Changes of the Past Two De- cades. That the evolution of the traveiing man in the past two decades has been great is apparent on every hand and can not be gainsaid. Compared with our day, “‘the profession,’’ seventeen years ago, was an ‘‘infant industry.’’ While undoubtedly there are many com- mercial travelers whose first trip ante- dates the first issue of the Tradesman, the service of most of ‘‘the drummers’’ is much more recent. Many of the then travelers are to-day our employers, sending us out in their stead to further develop the route so auspiciously and successfully begun by them. This is one kind of evolution, a kind we are all working to attain. Seventeen years ago, the traveling man had not secured the hold on the merchant he is enjoying to-day; he was not yet the necessary adjunct to the re- tail business that he is to-day, as the retailer had not yet been taught the manifold advantages to be derived from daily intercourse with him. The manu- facturer and the jobber were not so fully, so completely, represented by the traveler as they are to-day. While many lines were represented, but few were fully represented and many firns had not yet entered the fields to distribute their wares in this most successful man- ner. The time had not yet arrived when the retail merchant could sit in his office and purchase from the travel- ing man the various lines of merchan- dise necessary for the successful carry- ing on of his business. To-day the traveling man is almost the sole medium beween the jobber and retailer. To-day the traveling man is possessed of almost plenipotentiary powers—is the sole arbiter of all ques- tions arising between his firm and his customers. Equipped with more than ordinary intelligence, tact, judgment, honesty and integrity, he is sent out to roam the country over in search of trade. He is the power supreme and on him de- pends, in a measure at least, the suc- cess or failure of the house he repre- sents. Without referring to statistics, perhaps nine-tenths of the entire busi- ness of the country to-day is conducted through the traveling man—certainly a most gratifying increase over a few dec- ades ago. To what is due this marvelous evolu- tion, this unprecedented progress and development of the traveling man? If evolution has taken place in the travel- ing man it necessarily follows that busi- ness also must have ‘‘evoluted.’’ If to-day there are ten men on the road where a score of years ago there was but one there must be a reason for it. The employer of to-day, surrounded by keen competition, is not slow to see commercial advantages and to utilize them, thus increasing his prestige, his lead on his competitor and incidentally filling his coffers. If he employs more men on the road to-day than he did for- merly, or if others, who did not solicit business in this manner before, do so now, it is because business sagacity de- mands it. If distributing his wares through the medium of the traveling man has been successful and profitable does not the spirit of expansion and _ progress, regnant in every breast, dic- tate increased facilities in this direction? Therefore, he sends out more men, knowing, realizing, that these men will push to the remotest corners of civiliza- tion, expanding his business, advertis- ing his superior resources and creating new markets, additional outlets, for his wares. To the pioneer traveling man, in my humble cpinion, is due, primarily, the business evolution of the traveling man. To those sturdy, honest, hardworking missionaries who years ago started out with their ‘‘grip’’ and map, with an indomitable will, an unlimited amount of pluck and endurance, overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles, staging it for days—ave, sometimes weeks—over all kinds of roads and un- der all sorts of climatic conditions—to these, I say, are due the enviable prog- ress and development of the traveling man of to-day. They created the road- man’s market. They demonstrated to the jobber and manufacturer that going after the business was the coming way of getting it. They laid the foundation of the present prosperity and made pos- sible the triumphs of this large body of it does not become old and shopworn, out of style, as ‘‘the boys’’ say, a ‘*sticker.’’ These new conditions called for improved transportation facilities, increased mail, telegraph and telephone service; and the credit for the better- ment of these potent factors in commer- cial life to-day is claimed by the travel- ing man. Perhaps it is characteristic of the traveling man to claim ‘‘every- thing in sight;'’ but by his indomi- table, indefatigable push and energy he makes these claims valid. And who is nearer to or in closer touch with the merchant, his custom- er, than the traveling .man? By dint of his business qualifications, his in- sight into his customer’s business, he has made himself indispensable to him. Many a retail stock is in better shape by virtue of his advice; many a mer- chant owes his success in business in a greater or less degree to him, as in and out of season he stood by him, encour- representative, well-kept and well-in- formed men. That the business of the country, in the past twenty or twenty- five years, has been revolutionized is an undisputed fact; and equally indis- putable is the fact that this revolution was made possible by the evolution of the traveling man. Where formerly a retailer bought his goods two, three or four times a year, to-day he is buying every month, every week, every day. Instead of tying up thousands of dollars in inactive merchandise as he formerly did, to-day he buys ‘‘from hand to mouth,’’ kindly allowing the jobber to carry the stock for him and drawing on these ‘‘supply depots’’ as his needs require. In this manner he keeps his stock fresh and clean, bright and attrac- tive, new and merchantable, his patrons pleased, his account active. He avoids larger risks, larger insurance. More- over, his stock is worth nearer a hun- dred cents than under the old regime; aged him, advised him, perhaps taught him the ins and outs of buying, and. often of selling—in short, was his best friend. And it is a palpable and grat- ifying act that such confidence imposed by the merchant in the traveling man is seldom if ever abused or violated, for the traveling man of to-day, as already mentioned, must be primarily endowed with strict honesty, unswerving integ- rity. Men without these qualities are shortlived on the road and their success- ors are soon appointed. Strong personality, unimpeachable character, sociability, adaptability—all of these and other qualifications are ex- emplified in the traveling man of to- day, and to the greater or lesser endow- ment of which is due, in a large meas- ure, his success or failure on the road. In enumerating sociability as a nec- essary qualification in the traveling man it must not be implied that this means conviviality. One of the most patent evolutions in the life of the traveling man is the almost total disap- pearance of these convivial habits. **The boys’’ of to-day have little time to indulge in such habits and their em- ployers less time to continue on the road men who do. Another, and most gratifying, evolu- tion is the moral standing of the travel- ing man of to-day in the community, in society. Where formerly the ‘‘horrid drummer’’ was proscribed, to-day he is a welcome guest; and this because he has proved that he is a gentleman first, last and all the time. It is not my de- sire to reflect in any manner on the trav- eling man of the past. Because a few ‘‘black sheep’’ (and they are found in all flocks) had made themselves liable to censure, and even ostracism, through ignoble and scandalous conduct, the en- tire fraternity was made to suffer for the sins of the few. Thanks to the high standard demanded in a traveling man io-day, and the consequent high moral tone of them as a body, such occurrences are things of the past; and this isa most desirable evolution. Their rapid growth, numerically as well as morally, has resulted, perhaps as a natural consequence of the spirit of the times, in another and perhaps the most desirable evolution of all—in the banding of themselves together in soci- eties or organizations for mutual ad- vancement and protection. Numerous such orders, founded, fostered, devel- oped and maintained by themselves, in their own interests and those of their families, are to-day in existence, and number among their membership the brains and intelligence of the vast body of commercial travelers. These mutual organizations are doing untold good among their members. They teach, paramountly, that priceless, God-in- spired virtue, Charity, which makes the whole world kin and in time of need and distress so materially and unselfish- ly manifests itself toward an unfortu- nate brother or his bereft loved ones. In the proper evolution of these orders lies the whole future of the traveling man. These movements demonstrate to the world at large, and to our employers in particular, that we are earnest in our advocacy of and allegiance to lofty principles and steadfast practices. They gain for us a respect and standing per- haps otherwise unattainable, besides se- curing for us advantages, conveniences and preferments, in our constant round of travel, attainable only through united action. Affiliation with such noble orders, conducted exclusively by and in the interest of the traveling man, enrolls us in one gigantic brotherhood and enlists us not only individually but collectively in a noble work. While it is a charitable work we are engaged in, it is not charity the bereft or needy _re- ceive at our hands, for it is the inalien- able right of every member to share in all the advantages and benefits of the organization. If by reason of accident or other misfortune he finds material as- sistance necessary it is rendered him without the sacrifice of self-respect (al- ways incident to the acceptance of charity), for he is one of the ‘‘stock- holders’’ and in this manner draws _ his ‘‘dividends.’’ While the orders are comparatively young, an evolution of the spirit of the times, this evolution will not be complete until every eligible traveling man (and there ought not to be an ineligible one) is enrolled in one or more of these orders. Let those, therefore, who are members see to it that our various organizations are strengthened numerically, financially, morally, and in this manner extend their usefulness, broaden their charity and, by bringing to a still higher stand- ard their already high position, increase for their own individual selves the regard and respect of the community. _ Thus, in summing up, we find evolu- tion in every walk of the traveling man’s life—evolution in business, in character, in morals; evolution in in- tellect, in importance, in strength ; evo- lution in charity, in unity, in organiza- tion, and, if the next few decades continue this praiseworthy and desir- able evolution in all pertaining to the improvement and welfare of the travel- ing man, the next generation—our suc- cessors—need no longer look forward to the coming of the millennium, for it will be at hand in the perfect evolution of the traveling man. Ed. J. Schreiber. \ a vad u- in rid is he rst, de- av- few ble igh igh ral i re MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 65 ||Ball-Barnbart- \|Putman Co. Wholesale Grocers § Tmporters of Cea « ¢ " ts “i ee 2 ace NS Established 1864 Tncorporated 1890 While we aim to carry a stock which is complete in every department, we especially desire to call attention to the following goods, which we control in this territory and which we are able to guarantee to our customers be- cause of their superior quality and uniform excellence: Duluth Imperial Spring Wheat Flour Diamond Winter Wheat Flour Elk hop Japan Ceas Reekin’s Coffees Ciger Brand Spices Michigan Family Soap Hemingway Canning Zo.’s Extra Fancy Zanned Goods Riverside Cheese Right Thing Five Cent Cigars We are always “at home” to our friends and trust that those dealers who visit the city during the State Fair and the Semi-Centennial celebration in October will give us an opportunity to shake hands and show them through one of the oldest, largest and best equipped wholesale grocery establishments in the State. 66 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN THE GAS BUSINESS. Origin and Growth of the Local Institu- tion. The approaching semi-centennial of the incorporation of the city of Grand Rapids is happily an opportune time for a review of the industrial growth of the city, and the Tradesman is to be congratulated on the occasion of its splendid special issue, embodying some- what of the history of the progress of those industries which have added to the fair fame of Grand Rapids as a city. It is with pleasure and with personal appreciation of the opportunity pre- sented that I write of the history and growth of the Grand Rapids Gas Light Company, aptly quoted, ‘‘the model corporation of the city,’’ and one of which the citizens speak as ‘‘our company,’’ rather than by its corporate name. The Gas Company was born in 1857, but a few years after the incorporation of the city itself, and has steadily gone onward and upward, even as the city itself has taken no step backward. In this day the founding of a gas company appears a small task in comparison with the courage of their convictions re- quited by the founders of the Grand Rapids Gas Light Company. To-day the industrial uses of gas are so well understood and the value of gas so well appreciated that it enters into the house- hold and business life of nearly every citizen, and great would be the loss if for any reason an interruption should come to the supply of gas. In 1857, the use of gas was but little known and the cost was so comparatively high—s 4 for one thousand cubic feet—that prospective profits were truly uncertain, and it is a matter of record that dividends were not paid for several years. Grand Rapids had in 1857 a population of less than 8,000, and of this number but thirty- seven were enrolled as customers of the Company when gas was first supplied, on Nov. 14, 1857. From 1857 to 1883, when the Trades- man was horn, the Gas Company _pros- pered with the growing wealth and im- portance of the city. The population had increased to above 40,000 and of this number 1,602 were then customers of the Company. The price of gas had steadily decreased until the two dollar mark had been reached. Sales per capita were then 1,000 cubic feet per annum, and but 4 per cent. of the peo- ple were supplied. Gas manufactured from coal was then distributed exclus- ively and the cost of gas coal was about $4 per net ton delivered in Grand Rap- ids. To-day, with a city of 100,000 people, the Company supplies over 10,000 customers, or more than 10 per cent. of the population, and the sales per capita per annum exceed 3,000 cubic feet, and the dollar mark has been reached in the price of gas. This, too, notwithstanding the cost of gas coal is but slightly reduced—the price to-day being about $3.30 per net ton delivered. The past seventeen years have wit- nessed important advances in the gas industry, and the spur of electric com- petition can fa.rly claim no small part of the credit. In 1883 the gas industry was devoted almost exclusively to the lighting interests; to-day this field is divided with the electric industry, but gas has expanded into the heating and cooking and power fields,so that the use of gas per capita has trebled, notwith- standing the division with electricity of the lighting business. To-day gas en- gineers hold that gas is a form of en- ergy, and as such can be converted into light, heat and power, and with these three applications of usefulness there is no fear of the stability of the indus- try. A review of the gas business divides itself naturally into the manufacture, the distribution and the management, and along these lines I will briefly indicate the important changes: In 1883 the manufacture of gas was ex- clusively from gas coal, and the works were located on Ottawa street, near the G. R. & I. crossing. This was the site of the first works built in 1857 and con- tinued to serve until 1886, when the growth of the business required the erection of works of much increased capacity, at the corner of Wealthy and Oakland avenues, the site of the works to-day. In 1890 the manufacture of car- buretted water gas was undertaken and the superior light giving qualities of this new gas were soon apparent. With carburetted water gas as an_ illuminant, ‘i of gas that we find the greatest progress in the seventeen years now passed. Since 1883 we have the gas stoves for heating and for cooking, the famous Welsbach mantle for incandescent gas- lighting and the superior gas engine for all power purposes. In 1883 gas for fuel was almost unknown. The stoves were of poor and inefficient design and the cost of gas was so high that the intro- duction and use of fuel appliances was scarcely undertaken. To-day, with stoves of standard and efficient design and with the price of gas so low, there are more than 7,000 cooking and 3,000 heating appliances in use in our city, and wherever the mains of the company extend it can safely be said that every- body who is anybody uses gas for fuel. So important a_ part of the company’s business has the appliance department become, that a special store is main- tained for the convenience of the Com- pany’s patrons, and that it is appreci- flame burners the company was more than able to hold its own against the advancing use of electric light. Minor changes have been made at various times, all tending to increase the ca- pacity of the works and to add standard apparatus only for the manufacture, purification and storage of gas, until the the best results. In 1897 was under- taken the erection of the new gas holder of one million cubic feet capacity, the largest gas holder in the State and a conspicuous landmark of the city. The erection of gas works apparatus can to-day be undertaken with little risk of becoming obsolete before hav- ing become worn out or destroyed. The type of gas machinery is generally standard and the design uniform. This adds much to the safety of the invest- ment. Dipeeicenaatatnienchaenerenettiien cates ereetenensnaeema eee It is in the distribution and_ utiliza- even with the now old-fashioned open | works stand to-day fully equipped for| ated by the public is evidenced by the growing patronage. The Company’s offices in the Ledyard block, at the cor- ;ner of Ottawa and Pearl streets, are | conspicuously attractive and a cordial invitation is extended to the public to |take advantage of the conveniences of the office. The Welsbach mantle has_revolution- ized gas lighting. This invention, now in so general use, employs gas to raise a mantle of the oxides of rare earths, notably thorium, to incandescence with a light of superior brilliancy. In 1883 the open burner, then in genera! use, gave a light of 16 candles when using gas at the rate of five cubic feet per hour, or the lighting efficiency was but little more than three candles per cubic foot. The Welsbach burner uses but three cubic feet of gas per hour and, with the new ‘‘Yusea’’ mantle, gives a light equal to one hundred candles, or the lighting efficiency is more than 30 can- dles per cubic foot of gas. Here, then, is one of the greatest steps forward—a gain of a tenfold efficiency. How poor the sixteen candle power light looks when compared with the new incan- descent gas light and how great the saving to the public! Since 1883 the price of gas has been cut in two, but the quality and intensity of light has been increased tenfold. Is not this statement a sufficient proof of the pub- lic utility and benefaction of the gas in- dustry? The application of gas tor power pur- poses is of recent growth. In 1883 the gas engine was but a toy, expensive in first cost and built for very small users. To-day gas engines are in use in Pitts- burgh of more than 600 horse power and in Europe installations of 1,000 horse power are recorded. In Grand Rapids there are several engines as large as 35 horse power, and many of lesser size down to the small one and two horse power motors used for printing presses, meat choppers, ice cream freezers, etc. Gas engines are used not only for power purposes, but for driving dynamos which, in turn, make electric light at a corresponding saving of cost of elec- tric current to large consumers. The Gas Company itself has for exhibition purposes a gas engine and dynamo, in its office windows, and each night its sign ‘‘Gas Electric Light’’ shines forth brightly with incandescent electric lights to demonstrate practically how gas may furnish electric light. It is the opinion of several famous engineers— notably George Westinghouse, of -Pitts burgh—that gas for motive power will largely supplant steam, the thermal effi- ciency of the gas engine being so far in advance of the steam engine that it will be unprofitable to employ the latter where gas can be obtained at moderate prices. Nothing has been said of the at- tempted introduction of fuel gas in Grand Rapids in 1890. The affair here, as everywhere else it has been tried, was a total failure. Fuel gas has too many practical disadvantages to be a commercial success. The value of gas for light, heat and power depends upon the thermal! or heat units contained, and it is essential that commercial gas should not fall below 650 to 700 heat units per cubic foot. The heating value standard to-day is quite as impor- tant and should be as well understood by the public as the old-fashioned rat- ing of *‘16 candle power,’’ a term now almost obsolete because of no_ practical application. To write of the management of the Gas Company brings to mind the mem- ory of the names of T. D. Gilbert and Thomas Smith. In 1883 these gentlemen were active in the management and _re- sponsible for the success of the com- pany. Mr. Smith died in 1889 and Mr. Gilbert in 1894. Upon the death of Mr. Gilbert the ownership of the Company was transferred to Emerson McMillin and his associates, and how well the trust imposed upon Mr. McMillin has been administered is evidenced by the stability of the Company to-day. Mr. McMillin’s associates in the Board of Directors include N. L. Avery, Vice- President, H. D. Walbridge, Second Vice-President, James M. Barnett, An- ton G. Hodenpyl, Henry Idema, T. J. O’Brien, J. Boyd Pantlind and Lester J. Rindge, and it is generally conceded the people’s interests are strongly con- served by so representative a gathering of gentlemen and that the security of + >= > poor Oks can- the the but has this sub- ; in- pur- the in ers. itts- and orse bids 35 size orse Ses, etc. wer nos t at lec- The ‘ion _ in its rth ric OW the ci tts vill ffi - “in vill ter ate at- 4 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 67 q Independent Long Distance Telephone Lines of Michigan. -*9 This map shows the Citizens Telephone toll lines and connections now in opera- tion, except that the broken lines indicate CHEBOYGA A that construction is not yet completed. mond Harbor Sp There are over 30,000 Telephones on = % * : / 3 ; Ctoskey 47, % + these lines in Michigan. q %, ¥ p50: Rogers City " Ociario® Posen “G ~e qicMaaes Sidin€ yne MePhe. 0 Boyne Falls Long Rapids Orthport > Efmira QOmena a Leland One 4 Goog Hy Brat fsons BAY P CITIZENS ~ - JS 4 is Alba ae ' \ Port Oncida ayaa al Pwerzel Tg weet nso TELEPHONE TOLL LINES «80 CONNECTIONS we * — + 4 Being We vat =e rn oo) A Bot Ah cil OF LOWER MICHIGAN. ' _ @Soion. \ 3 1 Kaikaska TRAVERSE ° i Published by a 3 o. BL osi CITIZENS TELEPHONE COMPANY, r Q “Gf eos om : 3 FRANKFOR ae Hee La Rt GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Fran i "0a, at kop, 4 sae panera Wah Lod _e August, 1900. on P; ote ‘ Starkeysg i ‘Copemish, eT foneer A , Me 3 ton pe eee More Stitt o oy ks © Lake Mesicg aston Onekama " ‘al a. boning, emmy Lake City 4 i Mie est B, - by MANISTEEA ely a ranch am 3 ot : CADILLAGA, x et By, Emery Junction % ee Y 3 er D park Lake re Marion 2 DSouth Allen Port Austin ee Grindstone City : Luther BT eRoy Yondale g By" & wt 4 2 / Pinnebog ot \ Ashton 4 s g Casevi B Kinde ° wa LUDINGTON of Mista : 3 ‘ ape? Brnu% ‘- Battersvilles ras iy ro ace é oleaS2 i on ase i ] f ~ caverton ' ‘ rown alg ; a Wiley S Reed City y . Q | Binconnin’ Bay Rort Pigeon . io " s and Beach ‘err: ‘ at * Petercon a y * % me Pentwater sears bas Barryton asa My * : Ulby BIG RAPIDS Pee na Gagnown ores SE x Ay her b 3 McQ a calegs ss ni "ey Avburn D Cass City an d & Me Cost Rems & i Arty Peach a nia Brook Ellington go Sylvester go v8 q 4 Wilmot Urbaa Bradyvil Jam & " ws cenit’ poet Sanil2© san ‘ a Kingston ama Eleger = . Sitverwood Sylvan 2 % é a a %, S ~, : % 1 ‘Marlette ° Michi s # Millington g iffond > bach aymost® yor Fostoria gem) i be —_ *Montrose North "8 Amadore ce, & jumbiaville Mall Ales $ oi Kungs Nale = a > ; ve Ly xX geet uo ‘ ; ep, a GRAND HAVEN ‘ st. Johns 6 ang aonlay OF A i ; Feay, ”SFoet Gratiot PORT Eastmanville® Berlin dose c yHURON "el, al ~Q pND Ad *, pe 5 y Metamor a AC; Zs a x Ottawa Station : ” oe s oe » ee Bsevs BR Olive Center Grandvi ‘Cascade Tremaynes 7 Cs Fs tt alin. ville West : : Hes 00" E.Pats waco =i 9 2 fe c 3 g as oot a Thomas \ g ¢ y pis y Neb ton M TM NS hGin. ee nS Be s land! am espille baw Ven s c 2 x Richmond y HOL vy, : hey, oF 3’ ‘Alask, ed OSS 8 — er 24 = Wir coo St. Clair Ons ee hs - Caledonia aos < 2p o r Macatawa Pas SFr att Don Parmele < "ton JP" New Haves < f ym Fore ext Pg Burnt Lge ae ashe recrott Gi % A a ye i gwitle Washington 0 St 7 New Dor se’ oe Millett O, Bes" eit ax Grove pa” fare Fs A, atte? } ve ¥ ¢é4 pes rod Jevin® Dennett Bismark : a en, Se ee 03 ‘son Plains Rochester 5 co chested BE? & Cay 7 &. s ng “Way i ae ot ‘ 0, %, > jlartla Dayton Ag, f a SaugatucBA so 9 Montercy ° Hastin mo a Mia fai +, 2 h a s eile = ‘ 2 Mills sa of ou % *, Howell Milf vontiag a a Pf Algonac < ae South spate cunt , A : o f 1 ee Lake oe Se CLE Ganges Oe re o0 wine (agp ville pa % jason Dansvi is Sco tp, fl MENS > ea fas Cloverdale % Ege eg Po F oo Cedar Creek fe a np ¢ ton Raosiy i st os oi a e cot® O%,,. 4, CX Onondy ~~ a Ge ao My, 9 P eellew c yon tp Leslie Shockbeidgs Gy Nitin, Kun of ur ee » Stockbridgy F Ant, tae eee, LM Fb Duck Lakel Rives June Pye Mangh ~~ South Haver pia ‘hang . Alias Za Rie eee a sretloo “SD S, loc:.tingdate as * cee ee, see - ro . Ge, R _ eR 2 Goblevitte. a’ % # root 2 Sus Ce) * ” Teist eo 7 KALAMAZO = ¥ q Peo Ny aRgOr Ff DETROIT cen ' Se + arsfall FA\bion = % 2 et 2 se pt din —_ mi ao c 7 w Py L an aed 6 oma Wilderville Ss A A ‘re. * é i a lar! vj Ppa oe oe ‘ ce 2 pe PESE Soy a 4, . Mey "E. LeR % sat Hort eeu IA [ee Dom oi, fdicd erty 2 ror _— % s Z eo 3 fe e Athens 2 Ly cot ; St. Joseoh, 5 fe, Sam? og e So% é ”~ Sods Gienwerd, ¥ “6 at 6 Futorzi G = OPT s ce a % x ve % 22 ow eae se Steveravily adoo > 3 oe . noel ee en iS g air aetna eM ter x S 2 oe % OLDWATER Cri , ee é hy Ki eq fé 3 “Me leon > ut lle “~, aa a antine ob Oak yr Sant y ve As — sg gi ON 4 ie 3 AP Ec is N. Morenci os se < ae @hite Pi ' ae Xv Ly, i 2 3 2 # 20> Art of Being Agreeable. There is a great deal more to being agreeable than merely being polite. Some excessively polite people are densely stupid and awful bores. It is not easy to tell wherein lies the charm of manner wherein people who under- stand and illustrate the art of being agreeablé radiate. For one thing, they always have agreeable voices. No charming woman ever spoke with a harsh voice or with uncultivated phrases. The art of being agreeable, which is so delightfully comprehended and exhib- ited by some men and women in soci- ety, and which might be acquired by others, involves unselfishness, also, among other things. One must be mind- ful of others if he would be agreeable. There is a breeziness about the charm- ing person that is most refreshing. The agreeable person never probes a wound, never overpowers one with kindness, never ignores one who has any claims at all upon her consideration (be it that of guest cr servant), keeps cool under try- ing circumstances, and is enthusiastic over enthusiasm justifying events. Agreeable people always say the right thing in the right place, and they never say the wrong thing.—Good Words. >_> ___ Kansas Thrift. A druggist in Pratt, Kan., was con- victed of selling liquor without a li- cense and sentenced to jail. The sheriff, however, permitted the prisoner to re- main with his family most of the time and did not lock him up. At the ex- piration of the prisoner’s term the prisoner’s wife sued the sheriff for the price of board and lodging for her spouse, alleging that the sheriff was drawing pay from the county for the prisoner’s keep. She was awarded judg- ment for $21.60, but the sheriff has ap- pealed to a higher court. SUCCESS AS A GROCER. Pertinent Hints By One of Michigan’s Best Merchants. A great many things may be suggested as regards the success of a grocer. Many men have made a success and _ attribute it to various causes. Like all other businesses, capital is one of the essen- tials which make the grocery business a success, although I have seen the man with money make a failure, while some poor boy who has had no help in life, except what he has gained by hard work and strict observance to business, has at last achieved success, climbed to the top, and to-day is considered an author- ity in the grocery business. His advice is sought for and his assistance is wanted in all the avocations of life; and a young man who may have the oppor- tunity of engaging under such instruc- tion will find it a school worthy his at- tendance. I would advise some old grocerymen to place themselves under | business the object of conversation and present new ideas, that the public may know that you are not one of the back numbers. As we have capital and location, now we are ready to purchase our first stock of goods. 1 would suggest, if young in the business, to obtain the services of some man who has made a success of business, and knows the wants of the people, and is posted on the price of goods, to assist in buying, so that no unsalable articles may be placed in stock ; in fact, he will be a moneymaker at the start. Buy for cash and allow no invoice to pass without taking the dis- counts, as they will amount to a good profit at the end of each year. It enables you to buy your goods cheaper, as you are in a position to dictate the price as well as the quality, and good houses will seek your patronage. Should they have a bargain in certain lines of goods, which at times all do, you will such instruction at the present time, as I think it is needed among the old as well as the young. The grocery business, as well as other lines of trade, demands system. No man can make a success unless he has a system, and the better the system, the better the success. By all means adopt and live up to a system, that at all times you can adapt yourself to the best wants of your business. Notice the vast amount of business some men will accomplish over others. If you will investigate the business habits of those men you will find they have a system which they work to, and success is as- sured. One great success in business depends on location. Be sure and locate your business near the center of the busiest part of your city or town; in fact, try and get in the way of the people so they will not have to put themselves to the trouble of finding you. Make your be offered the first chance to obtain the 'bargain, which you can sell ata re- duced price and then obtain a good profit. I do not favor what we call a ‘‘Cutter and Slasher.’’ While he demoralizes trade and creates disturbance, he has nothing to show for his work in the end, unless it is failure. See that you have fixtures up-to-date and keep them in good condition. Make them attractive and see that they are of exact measure and weight. Keep your scales in good condition, as they turn money in and out of your pocket. Do not sell seventeen ounces when you only agree to give a pound, and likewise do not give fifteen ounces and call ita pound, as it will be found out and in time will work ruin in your business. Also use measures. Do not allow your clerks to measure a peck or half a bushel in a bushel basket and say that it is near enough. Turn the cheese. Do not cut from one side and have a dried remnant of two or three pounds to throw It may be your whole profit. on the cheese. Stop all leaks in the vin- egar, molasses, etc., also the money drawer, which is the most essential. Always do as you agree with your cus- tomers and be exact in your weights and measures and success will follow. away. At present, I would advise carrying light stocks and buying as trade de- mands, and you will have nothing to lose. Always be courteous to the traveling man. Remember that he may have a wife and children whom he has left at home while he travels day and night to sustain a living and mget the demands of an unsatisfied merchant. He brings you new ideas, shows you the latest styles of goods and brings prices at times that no mail order would get from the house. He makes your place of business from once to twice a month to convey to you the latest reports in re- gard tothe markets. The hotel being his only home,try to make your store pleas- ant for him and yourself courteous to him, so that when he leaves you he will have a thoroughly sincere brotherly feel- ing for you. Always welcome him. You are never too busy to pass the time of day, as it is a great deal better than to turn a cold shoulder to him. He may convey to you news which is worth money to you, and as you are in_ busi- ness for the money there is in it, I say always hail the traveling man _ cor- dially. Next to the traveling man, welcome another friend—the trade journal. The subject matter is brought from various cities» that you may know the situation of the markets. Always read the trade papers, as you will find news which is worthy of your time, as no man can be too well posted in regard to his business. Do not lay them away or throw them into the waste-basket, but take time in reading them and, when done, I assure you your time will have been well spent. These journals and trade papers give the ideas on different subjects from some of the best merchants in the coun- try, conveying to you what may have cost years of experience and a volume of money on their part, that you may gain by their knowledge. By no means destroy a trade paper or journal until you know its contents, for, if you do, you are wasting money. I would ad- vise either old or young to subscribe for a good trade paper; pay for it, read it, follow its advice, and success is yours. One more matter I wish to lay before you, and that is in regard to credit. Should you extend the same, be sure that the person is all right and worthy of credit. Should a stranger ask you “for credit, you should ask him for refer- ence in regard to his qualifications to pay. You are not asking any more than such should be willing to do and a person who will not furnish references is not worthy of credit. Never extend credit to one who owes you one dollar and can not pay, but makes all kinds of promises; in fact, keep as near cash as possible. Give undivided attention to your business, live within your income, buy for cash and sell as nearly for cash as possible, treat the traveling man, trade journal, wholesale merchant, and, espe- cially, your customers—in fact,each and everyone who may enter your store— with courtesy and respect, and success as a grocer will be with you. O. P. DeWitt. ri Vol ee ae ried row on vin- ney tial. cus- ghts v. ing de- x. £0 ling vea | at E to nds ings itest S at rom ' of h to re- his eas- Is to will feel- You - of | tO may orth USI - it, I cor- ome The ious tion rade th is be ie Ss, hem e in sure ent. sive rom Jun- lave ume may eans intil do, /ad- > for d it, urs, fore edit. sure ry of for efer- ns to nore and neces tend ollar ds of th as your buy sh as trade >spe- 1 and ore— Ccess *. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 69 C. L. DAVIS & CO. Wholesale Dealers in FRUITS, NUTS, PRODUCE, POULTRY, VEAL, ETC. . 127 LOUIS STREET, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Wm. Brummeler & sons, 4 249-263 So. lonia St. GRAND RAPIDS, MIGHIGAN Packers of “‘Star’”’ a Brand OYSTERS Both Phones 660. MANUFACTURERS Tinware and Sheet Metal Goods, Air Tight Heaters, otové Pipe, Elbows, Et6. s GISPPSPSSO OSS SOO SOS OOOO, if : Ny ; United States : ar e W * Packing Company ” i y dy. Tholesale Dealers W ah Wholesale Dealers W ( Choice Omaha Dressed Beef v 4 | | W A Pork | | Cooked W a Mutton | | Meats \b AX Lard | | Smoked W IR Sausage | Meats \ AX | W A W i Our Specialties y 4 Butterine, Old Homestead Mince Meat. Our W I Old Homestead Mince Meat is made from best Y 4\\ sugar syrup, seedless raisins, apples pared and \/ 4\ cored; best in the market. Send us sample order. W Mm 7 North Ionia St., Grand Rapids, Mich. i SS 2.0 200 20 20 De 20 0 20 2 Pn 2 Ln Pv Dn nL 0 20 2 0 a - : SESE. — N YSSSSSSSESSSSSSSSSSSST= GL GR SL GR AE BM BM SE Ob BM Se Sb BM 5% Ge 5% SS Se Sh S300 Ee GS TS TS Wis Wis Ws Wis Wis Wis TS TB Wis His SB Ui Hl SE SB His SS is es Ue s rd er a ah = 2% te e e e Ww a bo 4% 4 > Sa ° WRAPPERS Ta ee ee he m4 a vy : ° 2% For neatness in fit and choice dressy 4% wy ze patterns the ‘‘K. & W. Wrapper’’ takes ¢% \— ay the lead. ze ws < Si am ee Ww “ae 2% ye, ' wn : a ah Write a b4 % for “ wa ee se Sample = Py ws we sia @ e ro za o, Re _ oy, ws use 2 4% e e e "ae fa a \ \ va = . co) 2 : ‘ ws 2% Made of flannelette in plain colors of pink, a Ww s a blue and cream and select fancies. % a eae ee 2% Your kind patronage is solicited. Mail orders promptly and a lly filled. a carefully a , % th ® THE KINSMAN-WAGNER CO, & Eo KALAMAZOU, MICH. WSCSSSSSSSS SSS SS SSESSSSTS OS POS CIOSSOO9OOOOS 0990008 990000000 69000000 0600000060 Now is the Time to Purchase Your Fall Line of » Rubber Boots, Shoes and Socks .# ESQuimAyx ni ' We have a full assortment and we have good bargains in job lots of Rub- bers. All perfect goods. If you & are interested drop us a line—w will mail you a catalogue with ful particulars. STUDLEY & BARCLAY, No. 4 Monroe St., GRAND RAPIDS, - Jobbers in Rubber Goods and Mill Supplies, POOOOOSS SOSOOLOS OO0909000 90000000000 @ 04 000000000000000000006 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008 — MICHIGAN. SOD OOOOOOOHSO990O00S 09600 00F 0900000 9000000900050 99000009 099090880 : : wif nn eracmmenaen stantial MICHIGAN TRADESMAN RAILWAY TRAFFIC. The Developments of the Past Seventeen Years. In looking over the seventeen years which have elapsed since the Tradesman was launched, for changes in railroad construction, operation and manage- ment, the retrospect at once develops the fact that during all those years there has been no new or novel change in the matter referred to. Development and evolution, one and the same thing, have, however, made so many and such important strides in almost every direc- tion respecting the mechanism by which the commerce of the land is mainly handled that much of it seems more than an improvement upon old methods. At the beginning of this period, ap- proximately, iron rails were still the main reliance of all but the few; now no road is we might better say rich--enough to use them. When their life was, say, five years and their cost sixty dollars per ton, the steel rail now has for the same traffic an almost un- determined length of service. Fifty- five pounds per yard was the standard of iron, while now its successor weighs as high as ninety pounds. The wooden tie is still with us de- spite the endeavors of inventors and practical men to find a_ satisfactory substitute for the reasonably satisfactory but increasingly expensive wooden ar- ticle, the demand for which has done so much forest robbery. Still, there has been, in appearance at least, an im- provement by squaring their ends and making them of uniform length, thus adding to the appearance of the track an alignment as pleasing to the eye as doubtless conducive to evenness of support given,as well as strain received. Then gravel was considered the proper material for the roadbed, but for econ- omy and convenience it often gave way to sand or the soil from adjacent ditches; now’ broken stone, which drains itself perfectly and maintains the rigidity of tie and rail evenly and firmly, takes the place of the earlier and less satisfactory material. In those days dust was accepted as a matter of course ; now a dressing of cheap oil reduces the nuisance to a minimum if not to an un- known quantity. Note, too, in meny places the neatly sodded banks, the sta- tion grounds adorned by architectural efforts supplemented by shrubbery and flowers. The switch and railroad crossings were there, crude but, so long as human intelligence was not in fault, safe, su- perseded now in many places and on many roads with mechanicallv improved and automatic acting articles which either lead the reckless or wrongly in- structed engineer on a long siding or safely land his train in the sand or soil in such manner as to result in the least damage and give him an opportunity, through timely notice, to reduce danger and loss to little or none whatever. This being only one of the few adapted contrivances where mechanical arrange- poor ments are superior to human intelli- gence, care and oversight, now the railroad car—freight, baggage or pas- senger—which is not equipped with a modern self-coupler, which is but a de- velopment of the original idea, runs in plain detiance of a National law, which may well be regarded of more benefit than any one other of the many legal enactments upon like matters. Cars were then coupled with the old-fash- ioned mankiller, the loose link and pin, except that the safety of the coaches and the passengers was con- sidered worthy of a self-coupler which took up the slack as the link and pin did not, thus not only insuring safety to the employe, but in case of accident, derailment or collision was ina great measure the preventive of telescoping. It also added much to the comfort of travel by largely doing away with those terrible jolts experienced when trains were started or stopped. The air brake was in existence, ina manner, as unreliable in action as it was crude in construction, as compared with those of to-day. At that time it was, in case of failure to act, supple- mented by hand brakes. Now, in case of accident to any of its parts, it may be said to work best; wheels are stopped and _ it insists upon proper re- pairs and restored usefulness. For- merly its application to different parts of the train was uneven and the cause of frequent accidents from trains break- | bring relief from annoying jars and ma- jterially lessen danger to life and limb. On some of the overland trains one can travel a week and scarcely miss a single comfort afforded by the first-class hotel; seventeen years ago a berth ina comparatively undeveloped Pullman and the railroad lunch counter were his lot on such a trip. Formerly the dusts of summer and the blasts of winter met no vestibules to block their entrance. The only question on the part of railway managers to-day, in this respect, is what supplementary convenience or luxury can be added whether this is to be attributed to their anxiety to furnish the maximum of com- fort to those who pay or to advertise their line as being in the advance of all others can not so easily be deter- mined! Whatever the motive the bene- fit is reaped by the traveling public, who expect the best and are willing to pay for it. ing in two. This has been remedied and | its force is now evenly distributed through the length of the train, thus ad- mitting its successful use on _ long freight trains and relegating the old- time, somewhat picturesque and _ flirt- loving brakeman into obscurity as the handler of way freight; or, it has lately been suggested that he be promoted to a titular position as assistant conductor! To the reader of middle age anda tendency to baldness it is hardly neces- sary to describe the evolution of the palatial day coach, parlor and sleeping car from the old-fashioned, low-roofed passenger car with its small windows, dim oil lamps, wood or coal stoves and lack of transoms for light and ventila- tion; they are too familiar with modern improvements, such as gas, ventilation, steam heat, libraries, cafe arrange- ments, barber and bath rooms and at- tendance, as well as the light wheeled trucks, every inch and pound of which The evolution of the locomotive has ‘been equally great, but almost unno- ticed by the public. Injectors have replaced the.pump which clogged with chips or sand and froze at most incon- venient times. Air and steam relieve the fireman from applying hand brakes, and steam rings the bell. Electric headlights are replacing oil. A look in- to the cab reveals a multitude of ap- pliances, confusing to the non-profes- sional beyond measure, every item of which adds to the efficiency, safety or convenience of the iron monster. Passengers are ticketed by any route to any point, almost, at home or abroad, when a few years ago only the larger offices had a limited supply of tickets beyond their own line. Through- route designating checks insure bag- gage reaching its destination without the intervention of the omnibus agent at each: junction with connecting lines. The passenger purchases his ticket and resigns himself contentedly to the hands of the officials, who, if he is not too ob- stinate, will hardly allow him to go astray, however much he may try to thwart their good intentions. The shipment of freight of all kinds to any civilized part of the globe is un- dertaken with a confidence which is the result not only of much forethought but of subsequent care. Originally all freight arriving at the termini of a road was transferred to the connecting line usually by drays—this, by the way, was rather more than seventeen years ago. The next improvement was to run, by special agreement and consent, a full carload to its destination, the road own- ing the car charging for its use while absent $2 per day. Now to suggest reloading a car in transit except in case of accident would raise a how] of deri- sion which could be heard across a city. It goes to the destination of its contents and one-half cent per mile run is paid by each company hauling it, as rent to the owner. It may he loaded home or it may not, the rule being to load it to- wards home, but one which is often honored in the breach. It is often months absent, each company account- ing to its owner by monthly reports showing mileage made and acknowl- edging a readiness to honor a draft for the amount earned asa rental. A_ bill of lading with a through rate to destina- tion is issued, which becomes a contract instead of, as formerly, mere informa- tion as to what the rate beyond the initial line ought to be and which was secured by enquiry and furnished as a matter of information only. No one phase of long distance shipments is of more importance than that covering the certainty of the rate to be charged to points at home and in foreign parts. Each tolerably well-equipped office is now ready to contract for such,and with few overcharges, as compared with the old-time arrangements, but which, be it said to the discredit of the contracting road, are needlessly slow of settlement. This is where but little improvement has been made, although the field is large and no Edison like genius re- quired to suggest simple modes of reaching the long and much,on the part of shippers, desired results. Why should the holder of a_ proper bill of lading, which states explicitly that the freight charges to destination shall be a cer- tain sum, be required to pay more and be told his only remedy is to present his bill of lading and receipt for amount paid to the head of some department for adjustment and a refund at some future time, as is customary? The time of the payment of such claims is one of the uncertain matters connected with the freight departments of the different roads. There may be exceptions to the rule, but they are not numerous enough to attract the commendation they de- serve. Would some head of a depart- ment pay a grocer’s or tailor’s bill ac- knowledged to be wrong, and be satisfied with the explanation of the cashier that he knew it to be wrong but he could not deliver the groceries or suit until the bill in its present state was paid, the cashier promising to refer the matter to the proprietor for the purpose of cor- rection? We think not. Here is an op- portunity for some live official not only to correct an abuse, but to make the heavy shipper his grateful debtor and permanent customer. To speak of another subject, almost daily electricity is being adopted, in some manner, and apparently holds, in the near future at least, as the motive ands 9 ob- ) go iy to cinds $ un- s the but all road line was ago. 1, by a full own- while rgest case deri- city. tents paid nt to ie or it to- often often ount- ‘ports nowl- | for bill stina- tract yrma- d the was [asa one is of g the ed to arts. ice is with 1 the be it cting ment. ment ald is us re- 2s of | part hould ding, eight a cer- e and nt his nount nt for ‘uture ne of of the h the ferent to the 10ugh sv de- epart- ll ac- ‘isfied r that ld not il the j, the natter f cor- A Op- t only e the yr and ilmost ed, in ds, in notive MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 71 po =n Aaasnensasa] | aBB>BSPBBSSSSISSSISIST IA, Thos. E. Wykes ar. WV 13 nowlson, se. ) ( a 9 4 Manufacturer and Jobber of P| 4 Vv > fh Wholesale 4 | Flour, Feed & Grain | Building Material IN WW } | 2 Coal, Lime, Cement, etc. v ' | Grand Rapids, Michigan , A N W > a Office Campau Square, yy I will exchange Feed for a few cars of wood ( NN” Grand Rapids, Mich. WV 4 a Let me hear from you. \ i iaiialclatatceiaaneiaeianunanl Yo ere rr FYFE ry Sew VIFF FZELLL LLL LLL ee POSOOOOS HO SOOOOS OHO HOHSS OVOOOOOH SH OOOGOHOHHOOOO9OOF Brandt, the Furrier OOo A Double Business Removed to Watches Competent 157 Monroe Street Silverware (ptical : a Jewelry Department Grand Rapids, Mich. Positively the Finest Line in Where Eyes are tested free of Seal Garments made to order a Grand Rapids is here. Our per- charge by an Expert Optician, and specialty. sonal ——— of rightness with Glasses made om fit perfectly. Alterations and repairs promptly every article we sell. Our guarantee with every pair. done. J. C. HERKNER JEWELRY COMPANY 57 Monroe Street Grand Rapids, Michigan Call and examine our stock. We can please you. SOOSS $0000OOS OH OO000000 60900000 ooo GOOOO0OSOO0OOSOS +O 0000000009008 POSSSOSS OOO000O0 90000004 6O00000000 00000000 OOOOOOUS , PRRRWAAARRARARARRRRRAARRAHHAARAS + Crown Combination Game Boards ® have had Phenomenal Success, yet No Wonder! AY With 20 and 30 rare games on them, appealing to every variety of taste, oy with their graceful outlines and superior excellence of material and workman- ship they furnish HIGH CLASS AMUSEMENT FOR YOUNG AND OLD. Having put in our own Veneer Plant we are selecting our material with special care and are turning out better boards and quicker sellers than ever before We are not only the largest Game Board manufacturers in the world, but we make the FINEST boards. We are the ORIGINATORS of the CARROM GAME and ours are the only ROUND CORNERED boards on the market. Cheap imitations have appeared but they lack the qualities that are essential in a first-class Game Board. GET THE ORIGINAL. The Eclipse Combination LUDINGTON NOVELTY CO. LUDINGTON, MICH. PRDRUUDHRRRRRWW Offers MORE FUN for a LITTLE MONEY than anything you ever saw. It comprises 15 FINE GAMES, old and new, easy and skill- ful. Alike adapted to little tots and older folks. Try one. Sent prepaid, with full instructions and equipment for only $1. by oe oe oe oe Send for our new Catalog. a a oe oh it tik 72 power,a place second only to steam, and one given to prophecy in such matters might reasonably claim it as an effi- cient and complete rival, if not the con- queror. The numberless electric lines built and in course of organization and construction are demonstrating their ability to become more than suburban and are stretching their wires and rails across the fields, not only into territory unoccupied by steam roads, but are par- alleling them as competitors, diminish- ing their earnings by the carrying of competitive traffic and materially re- ducing the rate charges. Eastern roads are already adopting the electric motor as an efficient and economical substi- tute for the locomotive. .That. some- thing positively new and entirely novel will soon present itself may well be ex- pected. The present methods and con- veniences are heavy and clumsy com- pared with many other mechanical con- trivances. Still, it must be admitted that the modes of rail locomotion have been improved upon as fully as any other of the thousand and one conven- iences. The old-fashioned loom and anvil contained the germ of all that has come to their aid, the present plow is but the crotched stick highly developed and our fruits and vegetables are but improved specimens of their acrid, gnarled and stringy progenitors. What may we expect for the future? More substitution of mechanical excel- lence must be made to take the place of gray matter. Can the sharp eye and cunning hand of the expert engraver compete with the engraving lathe? Ar- guments in this direction can be made indefinitely, hut the statement of the fact is ample to sustain the proposition, Did each train register itself at every Station and herald its approach to other trains, as well as to stations a few miles ahead, the train dispatcher would never be misled in one manner at least. Such an arrangement is easily within the reach of the electrical engineer or student. Were each train conductor in telegraphic communication with the dispatcher and stations, train collisions might become a dream such communi- cation has been had successfully ; ex- perimentally only, it is true, yet, with the idea developed and wireless teleg- raphy staring us in the face, it may soon be as common a matter as is the interlocking system of crossings or any other of the scores of safeguards thrown around travel by rail. In the direction of speed great ad- vances have been made, but only as fast as safety appliances have been pro- vided. Increase the latter and the means of increasing the former is at hand. The double track systems are as yet buta part of the single track and so long as they remain such but a por- tion of S idea is availabie. The sec- ond track is laid as closely to the first as is possible. Suppose the track in one direction isolates from all others, no switch connections to be left open or wrongly set, none but trains in the one direction allowed thereon, and a block System, or train telegraphy to supple- ment, with all freight trains relegated to still another track—under such con- ditions, with all that is modern incor- porated, absolute safety might be ap- proximated. With such lines of four or more tracks, some interesting problems in railway figures might be solved. It would then be possible to ascertain how much it costs to carry a passenger or a ton of freight a given distance; tariffs for freight and passenger service might be made upon a basis represented by MICHIGAN cost with dividends added, and not so largely, as now, by the simple rule of guessing at half and multiplying by two, It is true there are experts who pro- fess ability to separate the cost of freight from passenger service and equitably to divide all joint expenses and show just what share the cost and maintenance of roadbed, telegraph, Station, advertising, superintendence and the thousand and one other services should be apportioned to each. Their claims are unquestionably unfounded and an exact solution of the difficulty might show results astonishing to those who pay the bills. Possibly one might ride at one cent per mile and pay twice the rates now charged upon freight; or the reverse might be the case. No doubt approximation has been reached : but nothing more. Earnest and capa- ble men have given this question their best efforts, and yet there are none, | think, who feel any certainty as to re- sults reached. Hundreds of difficulties, some of them as old as the business, many of them new and born of nev needs as well as of old methods revolu- tionized, are being daily solved while the traveler rides; and the merchant and manufacturer ship their freight as regardless of change as he is of the weather—his trust is complete in the knowldege that he must accept the one as well as the other. The changes made in the way of con- solidating the lesser lines into or with greater ones are as yet an undetermined factor of the future. They furnish bet- ter facilities in all respects, but where their control is used, as it often is, for the benefit of the few whose profits are made by stock and bond manipulations, rather than by great care for all inter- ests, the two being usually in entirely different hands, the former being pro- prietory, the other that of Management and special control, subordinated and subject to the devious ways of specu- lating holders of a controlling portion of securities, evils from this source are perhaps lessening—perhaps they are not. If consolidations are determined by care to provide the greatest good for the greatest number then they must and will continue. If the reverse is true the greater lines must fall apart and resume their old place as individ- ual factors in the question. Time, and time only, can definitely determine. We may all have our opinions as to the final outcome, but more than one life- time, it is probable, will be needed to verify or prove them wrong. The mil- lennium in this direction is not to be expected at once. To have it would be such a shock that faith in the ability of our imagination to realize what is in store for us would be lost. We can only wait and, by waiting only, learn what changes the future has in store for the subject considered. A. M. Nichols. —»s>~e>__ Rats Cause Fires. A Boston fire insurance company re- cently made an interesting investigation to discover if possible whether there is any reason for the popular belief that rats and mice set fires by gnawing matches. The experiment covered a period of three months. Rats and mice, singly, or several at a time, were confined in iron cages containing matches of various kinds and cotton waste. The mice, no matter how hungry they were, never gnawed the matches, but the rats set several fires, the sulphur matches being in each case the instru- ment. 2»? 2.__ Go toa friend for advice, to a stran- ger for charity, and to a relative for nothing. TRADESMAN DEPARTING SALMON. Why the Fish Is Getting Scarce in Eng- land. British fish dealers as well as_ British anglers have become aiarmed at the rapid diminution of the catch of salmon in British rivers. They have petitioned the Board of Trade to investigate the causes of the decrease of the salmon and to find some method for increasing the supply and a Royal Commission has been appointed to look into the whole matter. This step not without reason excites the fears of Mr. Horace Hutchinson, for Royai Commissioners, like the mills of the gods, grind slowly and the results are often exceedingly small. He thinks the salmon may be- come extinct before the Royal Commis- sion gets ready to report, and in an ar- ticle in the Fortnightly Review suggests steps that may be taken at once to preserve the fish for Britain. The decrease of the salmon is admitted on all sides, but there is a divergence of views about the cause, turning natur- ally on the opposing interests of the persons affected. Those who supply the market by netting the fish ascribe the deficiency to the caprice of the sal- mon, which runs in greater numbers in some vears than it does in others, and for its whims they seek reasons in con- ditions in the ocean and not in the _riy- ers, as for instance the prevalence or scarcity of herring, or unusual preva- lence of icebergs. They hold that if they did not net the fish it would be lost to man on its return to the deep sea. The rod fishers of the upper salmon streams, on the other hand, are agreed that the fish is being exterminated by the greed of the netters at the rivers mouths, who will not spare the salmon even when it seeks its breeding grounds. This is Mr. Hutchinson’s opinion, too, although he admits that netting within proper limits is absolutely necessary if salmon is to continue as a staple food for Great Britain. He brings together many facts, some not generally known, in support of his proposition. The salmon is, in the first place, a fish of eminently regular habits. It is no vagrant, but returns year after year to its own particular river to breed. This is shown by the fact that marked salmon have been found repeatedly in the rivers where they were first caught, while no such salmon has ever been taken ina different river. The salmon, moreover, enters fresh water rivers for the sole purpose of Spawning and dur- ing that process fasts the whole time. Dr. Kingston Barton, who has made a searching investigation of the salmon's stomach, finds that the catarrh which has been noted in fish found in fresh water is due entirely to decomposition after death and occurs as well in fish coming straight from the sea. In a freshly killed fish there is no trace of it. Food is rarely found in the intestines of salmon caught in fresh water, whereas the fish just in from the feeding grounds has its stomach gorged, usually with herring, the salmon’s natural food. It is So voracious that if it fed in fresh water it would exterminate very soon the samlet and fresh trout in the stream. The Royal Commission must study her- ring, too, before it will find out what ails the salmon. Dr. Heincke, of Helgoland, who stud- ied the herring, says that they move about in great shoals, coming in shore to bred and going to deep water to feed, but that each herring sticks to its own shoal and that each shoal keeps to its Own grounds for breeding and feeding ees purposes. Some shoals deposit their eggs in spring and others in the ay- tumn. Most probably the salmon {,) low the herring, which would account for the spring and autumn runs of the salmon, and it may be even that the same salmon stick steadily to the same shoal of herring. At any rate they come to the estuaries only when there js plenty of fish, and after they are wel] fed, if there is water enough in the riy- ers, they work their way up to the head- waters. Dr. Barton, after examining the insides of the fish at all seasons of the year, asserts that the ovaries and mil; are invariably small in February, but in- crease each month and that the late autumn and winter are the salmon’s natural spawning season. This leads to Mr. Hutchinson's remedy, namely a close season for salmon, beginning with the autumn run, a period when the flesh of the fish is poor to the taste and the salmon is besides hard to keep. He would also have the destruction of kelts or samlet forbidden, and shows that the infant salmon do not prey on small fish; he would also have restrictions put on the capture of grilse, the young salmon from the sea. In the artificial propagation of sal- mon, Mr. Hutchinson has little faith. He refers to unsuccessful experiments in Great Britain, and dismisses the achievements of the United States Fish Commission rather cavalierly on the ground that the American salmon is not the salmon of the British Isles. His plea is for haste. Even although arti- ficial reproduction is successful it takes years to bring a salmon to maturity, and the destructive processes of natire are such that from a hundred thousand eggs successfully hatched only one full-grown fish may survive. Meanwhile the net- ters are destroying more fish than nature and the Fish Commissions can produce, and he sees the extinction of salmon, Save as a rarity, in the near future. Mr. Hutchinson may be taking too gloomy a view of the salmon question, but the danger he points out is real. ‘The example of the fur seal and of the buffalo shows how quickly blind com- mercial greed can get the better of na- ture’s power of production. The en- dangering of the existence of the British salmon by the netting industry may Serve as a needed warning to the can- ners of the Pacific coast, who are de- Stroying recklessly what should be a boundless source of food. The salmon catch in Oregon and British Columbia is reported to be a million cases less than last year’s catch, a deficiency that may be reduced if Alaska does as well as last season. At best the world’s sup- ply this year- will be only 2,400,000 cases instead of the 3,100,000 cases in 1899, which were all consumed.—N. Y. Sun. ae Nuts For Food Purposes, It is said that the nuts of the world alone could, if necessity arose, provide food all the year around for a total pop- ulation three times greater than the present. It has been pointed out to the Washington Department of Agriculture that Brazil nuts around Para grow in such profusion that thousands of tons of them are wasted every year; with co- coanuts It is the same in many centers. Nuts ground in various ways are rapid- y coming into favor, and it is pre- dicted that in the near future nut flour will compete successfully with wheaten our, ———_2-o______ Not to His Liking. Bobby dear, wouldn't you like to be a missionary when you grow up? An’ git et! Not on your life! their he au- mn fo] ccount of the lat the » Same come Bre ts e wel] e riv- head- ng the of the milt ut in- e late mon’s leads lely a with - flesh id the He kelts that small tions oung | Sal- aith. nents the Fish the S not His arti- akes ,and > are eggs rown net- iture luce, non, ‘100 ion, ‘eal. the om- na- en- tish may an - de- ea non ibia less that well up- 000 in x. orld ide op- the the ure ons co- id- re- ur en be y MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 73 Seidel bedded tv dve ddl ZZ o Kansas Wheat “ot The Pillsbury-Washburn Flour Mills Co., Ltd. Minneapolis, Minn., U.S.A. IS NOT USING Kansas Wheat and DOES NOT INTEND to use Kansas Wheat. iti d the finest qualities of 5 iliti ssed by this Company for securing ample quantities an ee SPRING WHEAT are such as to enable it to points na Ph te poe: to be made exclusively from Spring Wheat, no Kansas Wheat whatever being used by tt. Pillsbury’s Best IS the Best AFFIDAVIT: i d says that he is the manager of the Pillsbury- Henry L. Little, being duly sworn, deposes an 1 ee SS Flour Mills Co., Ltd., and that this company does no f “eS - in the manufacture of its Flour. HENRY L. LITT Subscribed and sworn to before me this 8th day of August, 1900. FRANK H. SMITH, Notary Public. CLARK-JEWELL-WELLS CO., Distributing Agents for Western Michigan ASARBARA = | = = wae era laleie lalallala alee Waa eine laa a aa eal ela aa eel a lea lee ei SOLE A MICHIGAN TRADESMAN FYROBLEM OF TAXATION. ats Intimate Relation to Business and Prosperity. Government of the people, for the people and by the people is expensive. The taxes paid by the people of this country for state and local purposes ag- gregate about four hundred millions of dollars annually. This is the tribute im- posed for the rights and privileges of state and local government. It is a large sum of money, even in this day of ag- gregated capital. The amount is stead- ily increasing. There is no escape from it by the people as a whole. The amount is shamefully excessive, but the legitimate taxation for such purposes must be borne. The problem confront- ing the people at this time is the just and equitable distribution of this bur- den. It is essentially a financial prob- lem of tremendous importance and therefore appeals with special force to business men—to the Tradesman's read- ers. The unprogressiveness and decay of vigor and efficiency in state and iocal government is the most humiliating criticism of foreign observers of Amer- ican affairs. Such government per- tains essentially to business matters. Yet the indifference of the public generally and of business men in par- ticular to affairs in its states, cities and counties and the official extravagance and mismanagement that have charac- terized them are matters of common knowledge. This condition is doubtless due in great measure to the importance at- tached to National affairs during the past few decades. This period is marked by intense public absorption in federal affairs, and the extension of the govern- mental powers of the Union in all branches in accord with national growth, and corresponding neglect of the states and cities, especially in matters of finance. This neglect is nowhere more appar- ent than in matters of taxation. During recent years, however, public sentiment, especially in Michigan, has been forcibly directed to the subject of State and local taxation, creating a pressing and widespread demand for reform, and made it the live business issue of our time. Although in our own State the definite practical results that have accrued from recent agitation are meager, the issue is firmly fixed in the minds.of the people and will not down. The people of Michigan will solve this problem of tax revision in some way. Whether the matter of solution shall be directed by fairness, justice and intelligence will depend upon the character of forces in control. Like other public questions, it will be wrought out through politics under the direction of the influences and forces predominating in the practical politics of the state. The changes and modifica- tions in our system of taxation that will occur will be made to apply directly to the various classes of business property not fully or fairly reached under our present system, and for the relief of real estate and tangible personality now bearing a disproportionate share of pub- lic burden. Business men who are so absorbed in their private affairs as to be indifferent to politics or who affect to disdain polit- ical effort and influence shouid realize that, in some respects, politics is busi- ness and that this question of taxation, so vitally affecting their property in- terests, will be decided in the forum of politics and possibly with injustice to them through their political inactivity and indifference. The breadth and depth of this ques- tion of taxation should be appreciated by all our citizens. ‘‘It is not a ques- tion between the rich and the poor, the merchant and the farmer, the tax dodger and the honest tax payer; it is a ques- tion of the wellbeing and happiness of every citizen of the commonwealth, no matter what his occupation may be, no matter what be the length of his purse.’’ Taxation involves both the life and morals of the state. The examination of the systems of taxation in American states and cities shows them to be un- progressive and entirely lacking in definite design or plan except in what is known as the general property tax, or the attempted uniform taxation of all classes of property upon an assessed valuation by local assessvrs. In most industrial staics, the system of taxation prevailing is a cnaos. Un- ure, entirely indefensible and advanced states are gradually abandoning it or at least modifying or supplementing it with other methods. This failure is in great measure trace- able to the radical changes in industry and forms of wealth in recent years. Prior to the Civil War, the conditions of life’and industry in the country were comparatively simple. Property existed largely in simple forms, in real estate and visible tangible personal property. The systems of taxation gradually de- veloped in the states were equally sim- ple and in a measure adapted to exist- ing conditions and fairly equitable and just in their operation. The assessing of all property at its full valuation at a uniform rate was the object and pur- pose sought to be attained by the meth- ods employed. They were based upon certain fixed recognized prinicples of der modern industrial conditions, the general property tax is a practical fail-! | equal taxation. ‘‘Let every man bear his share according to his strength,”’ was the first canon of such taxation. This property tax was based upon the sound principle laid down by Adam Smith, that the subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of its government as nearly as possible in proportion to their respective abili- ties. It was assumed that a man’s property at a full valuation, uniform witth other property valustion, was a fair measure of his ability and obligation to contrib- ute to the support of the government. In an early day, under simple industrial conditions, when substantially all prop- erty was in form of real estate and tan- gible personalty, this was a reasonably fair test of ability to pay taxes. A man’s property was assessed by a local assessor familiar with his property affairs. The essential] qualifications of such assessor were fairly good eyesight and the abil- | | ity to make legible letters and figures. | Comparatively little property would escape, and where the property was known not only to the assessor, but to the owner’s neighbors, indirectly affected by the tax upon it, approxi- mately fair and uniform valuation was comparatively simple and easy. The equity and justice of the system depended upon two things—uniform as- sessment at full uniform value in all taxing districts and uniform rates of taxation. Neglect or departure from either condition destroyed equality of taxation. Equality in taxation is a re- sult and not a means. With unequal valuation, equal taxation is impossible. If the assessor saw all the property, real and personal, put it upon the roll at a uniform standard of valuation, at uni- form rates, the result was fairly equal taxation. Neglect or failure in any of these particulars eliminated the adjec- tive from the phrase ‘‘equal taxation.’’ It would be obviously necessary, also, that a uniform standard of full vaiue obtain throughout the state for equitable apportionment of state taxes. This simple system, carefully admin- istered, was fairly adapted to primitive industrial conditions and to a time when the burdens of state and local gov- ernment were easily borne. During the period referred to, how- ever, a complete revolution in economic and industial ccnditions has occurred. The forms of property have changed and multiplied. Forms and _ relative values of real estate have materially changed. Forms of tangible personal property have changed and manifold forms of intangible elusive personalty have developed. The volume of per- sonal property, as compared with real property, has enormously increased. This period is characterized by the rapid rise of corporations, notably trans- mission companies, the growth of wealth in the forms of stocks, bonds, notes, mortgages and other securities and forms of intangible property, the de- velopment of large incomes, irrespec- tive of accumulated property or landed estates, and other material changes which have so transformed conditions as to render the general property tax in- efficient and inapplicable, and demand corresponding modifications and changes in the methods of apportioning the bur- dens of taxation. Under such conditions, property is not a general measure of ability to pay taxes. The various forms of existing property are not and can not be uni- formly assessed or even assessed at all. Our tax is applied in utter disregard of any sound principle and, as a rule, is based on nothing more reliable than arbitrary guesswork. Assessments, the very basis of the system, are marked by incapacity, igno- rance, injustice and favoritism; in fact, assessors are not infrequently charged with aiding in undervaluation of prop- erty. Asessements are as unlike as_ the ‘‘complexion,. temperament and _ dispo- sition of assessors. ’’ Inequality, discrimination and un- dervaluation generally and inevitably prevail in the assessment of the prop- erty that reaches the tax rolls, while an enormous portion of existing property escapes entirely. The apportionment of State taxes to counties has resulted in a system of competitive unaervaluation among assessors for the purpose of se- curing local advantage. No administration of this general sys- tem ever has or ever will equalize as- sessment valuation or reach more than a portion of existing property. No legislation or listing systems ever have or ever will be devised sufficiently severe or drastic to bring about equal assessment or reach all property under the general property tax. Unmodified or unchanged, it is an eggregious, palpable failure, so recog- nized in most civilized countries of the world and by statesmen, economists and public officials in our own country who have looked into the question. In prac- tice, it is a travesty on justice. Professor Seligman, an eminent au- thority on taxation, describes it as fol- lows : Practically, the general property tax as actually administered, is beyond all doubt one of the worst taxes known in the civilized world. Because of its at- tempt to tax intangible, as well as tangible things, it sins against the car- dinal rules of uniformity, of equality and of universality of taxation. Tt puts a premium on dishonesty and debauches lue ble in- ive me OV - we oa MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 75 g o Vv ORO ° Oo 9 9 ©9}9©0)860) ° °o a Several Hundred Second-Hand National Cash Registers, Taken in Part Payment for Hallwoods, For Sale Cheap ONAL 09) ONG €0)0¢00) ea2(@0 ° ‘oO ° oO 2 COITGS COX oo ° OLR2 O36 00)0CO9OOS(a9 ONGo a QWIAOCHRONQALIN ACI RO, 00)0(00)0(09}2 G0) S00; ‘oO oO Oo ° oO oO o Oe n ° ° °o oO °° 00)9G0)9 0592 EO) a a a a () gg oO ° 9g, Oo 10€00)5(Q9)0(60)9 62 ‘oO o a 2 o COHAOIQEMNKO 09509 EEG oO oO a oO 2 oS Vv Oo, Oo 9 ° 9 69)6€00)8{00)0(00)0(00)8(40) E65 °o oO oO oa oO oO ‘oO o Oo DG oO 9g 9, °° 9° 9, oO €9)0(00)560)5{Q0)8(09)0D96 ‘o fo} oO a ) a 9°, °o 2 ROR oS ————— oS oS ° g 09)5(Q0 ‘oO ‘2 oO Drop a Postal to LH QOHRO (a9}2©0)5(a0)0C00 OoGONGO oO, a Hallwood Cash Register Company Columbus, Ohio So Ox 9, OR L. R. Cleaves, Jas. A. Campbell, s2¢ 321 Houseman Block, Grand Rapids, Mich. 915 Chamber of Commerce, Detroit, Mich. 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MRettons. me oa ehhh ———— a Sp oe ee ee 76 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN the public conscience; it reduces de- ception to a system and makesa science of knavery; it presses hardest on those least able to pay; it imposes double taxation on one man and grants entire immunity to the next. In short the general property tax is so flagrantly in- equitable, that its retention can be ex- plained only through ignorance and in- ertia. It is the cause of such crying in- justice that its alteration or its aboli- tion must become the battle cry of every statesman and reformer. Taxation affects all our people, men, women and children, in ali conditions and avocations of life. A system that operates with injustice and discrimina- tion can not and should not long be tolerated. It will not be, when public attention is once clearly directed to it. The injustice is imposed upon the small property owner, the owner of visible property, the honest man, who will not evade, women and children who can not. Under this system, the man who evades or escapes taxation is the man most able to contribute to the support of the state. The property that eludes the assessor is that most able to pay tribute. It is said that the public con- science is becoming elastic on this sub- ject. A Congressional Committee who recently investigated this subject in the District of Columbia said: It would be a better expression of the truth to say that in matters of taxation there seems to be very little public con- science left and that the general senti- ment is that no one is bound in honor or honesty to pay any tax that he can by any device escape from; and men whose word is as good as their bond, who would feel themselves disgraced in depriving a private creditor of a penny of his due, make no scruple whatever in defrauding the Government of its claim and shirking their responsibility for what is held to be their due to society in return for the benefits they receive from society. The country is still ringing with a phillipic upon this subject, from which we guote the following: The’ men who have wealth must not hide it from the tax gatherer and flaunt it in the street. Such things breed a great discontent. All other men are hurt. They bear a disproportionate burden. A strong soldier will carry the knapsack of a crippled comrade, but he will not permit a robust shirk to add so much as his tin cup to the burden. The special purpose of my address is to press home this thought upon the prosperous well- to-do people of our communities, and especially of our great cities—that one of the conditions of the security of wealth is a proportionate and full con- tribution to the expenses of the state and local governments. It is not only wrong but it is unsafe to make a show in our homes and on the street that is not made in the tax return. This quotation is not taken from an anarchist speech or even from Governor Pingree, but from Ex-President Harri- son, one of the sanest and ablest men this country has produced. The ques- tion of reform is upon us. It is a finan- cial question, a question for the careful consideration of business men, one which should be solved fairly, intelli- gently, conservatively, courageously. The limitations of a single article preclude discussion of particular modi- fications or chang¢s and confine us to a few suggestions. Separation of State and Local Taxation. The unequal valuation, overvalua- tion and escape of property from the rolls, are largely the result of inefficient methods, of local assessment and the competitive valuation arising through the desire to attain advantage for local- ities, in apportionment of state reve- nues. The separation of state and local tax- ation, the raising of state revenues by the state from corporations chartered by the state, and confining loca! assess- ment of property to real estate and tan- gible personalty for local purposes is the first and principal reform suggested by authorities on taxation as a remedy for existing evils. The assessment of real estate and tan- gible personalty, in a single taxing district, at a fairly uniform standard of valuation, and a uniform rate comes within the scope and ability of local assessors under the general property tax system, while it is obvious that the state can more effectively reach special and elusive forms of property for taxa- tion upon a basis of uniformity. The existing system is especially in- adequate for taxation of corporate and intangible forms of property. This in- disputable statement suggests the neces- sity for the adoption of modified or changed methods as to taxation of va- rious forms of such property, which are simple, direct, equitable certain and imposing a moderate and fixed burden from which there can be no escape, thus supplementing by special method the general property tax. Several of the more advanced states, have already recognized the essential difference between corporate property, especially of a public character, and private property and have adopted dif- erent methods for taxing it, most of them based upon what is termed the ‘‘Unit tule of valuation’’—the assessment of the corporation as an entity or upon earnings. The methods for raising revenues for state purposes and for the relief of real estate and tangible personalty, usually suggested by taxation authorities and adopted by some of the advanced states in taxation, are in part as follows: The taxation by state officials of cor- porations, especially those of a quasi- public character, as railroads and other transmission companies, gas and water companies, etc. The basis of such taxation proposed and as put into practice by states that attempt to realize justice in taxation is a valuation by state boards, equivalent to the value of the bonds and stock of such corporations—a valuation based on earning capacity and including fran- chises ; or a fixed tax upon gross earn- ings, as in our state in the taxation of railroads. The principle of these kinds of taxa- tion, recognized by states and sustained by the courts, is that property is worth for taxation what it is worth to sell or to earn profits, whether it exists in the form of real estate, visible personalty, rights, franchises or anything else of value. By such methods, full and complete valuations, including franchises, are easily ascertainable, and from them there is no escape. The rates of taxation, however, under such methods are generally made to cor- respond with the valuation and fixed by law. To subject property so valued to rates of taxation applied to property assessed under present local assessment is generally regarded as manifestly unjust. Rates of taxation arc, therefore, made with respect to the method employed, whether valuation upon bonds and stocks or earning capacity or upon the earnings themselves. Other special methods employed are as follows: The taxation of bank stock and de- posits directly by the state at some fixed rate. The taxation of insurance companies upon value of stock or earnings. Transfer or inheritance tax—a fixed graduated rate on estates of decedents. Corporate organization tax and other special methods that can not be here enumerated. Revenues raised by the state through special methods in excess of its needs can easily be apportioned among the counties. The expense of collecting revenues by such methods is nominal and there is absolutely no escape from them. These methods of valuation with the arbitrary power to fix rates of taxation manifestly place such property at the mercy of the taxing powers of the state. Hence the universal apprehension on the part of owners of corporate property over changes suggested. It is not just or politic to exercise that power unjustly by subjecting such prop- erty to excessive rates of taxation, either rates fixed by law or ‘‘uniform’’ rates applied to other property at a much lower valuation. Corporate forms of property should and must be subjected to a proportion- ate share of public burdens, as under modern methods of taxation they easily can be, but should not be unfairly or excessively taxed. The methods ap- plied should subject corporations to fair and equitable contribution, not impose an embargo upon business. Property subjected to taxation under a rule of valuation which reaches only part of its value, may have very just cause of complaint when subjected to an entirely different method of taxa- tion, from which no element of value can escape, if the same rate is retained. The ‘‘average rate of taxation’’ throughout the state, where the assessed value of property is but a small portion of the real value, applied to a full val- uation of a single class of property, was what made the famous Atkinson bill in Michigan illegal as a law and unsound in principle. Equal Taxation by Diversity of Methods. The common phrase that a man’s property is taxed is somewhat mislead ing. It is designed to tax men _person- ally. It is the individual who is under obligation to the state. The relations of the state are with persons rather than property. Property may perhaps be more accurately regarded as a rough measure of a citizen’s ability to con- tribute to the support of the state and his obligation to the state. The duty is imposed upon the indivi dual. If viewed in this light, much confus- ion will be avoided in the considera- tion of the subject, especially as to **double taxation’’ and kindred topics. Equal taxation does not require that all kinds of property be taxed by the same method; indeed, the attempt to apply one method to all kinds of prop- erty might destroy equal taxation. Dif- ferent kinds of taxes are expressly pro- vided by our state constitution and we have two general classes designated as ‘*general taxes’’ and ‘‘specific taxes.’’ It is entirely immaterial what or how many methods are applied if the desired result of fair and equitable contribu- tion according to ability is obtained. If the general property tax of the state could be sucessfully applied to all forms of existing property, their equal taxa- tion would thereby be attainab le. If it is not and in practice can not be so applied, then diversity of methods is } not only advisable but essential to equal taxation. The general property tax never has and never will subject al! kinds of property to equal contribution or adequately measure the ability of property owners to pay taxes. It is, therefore, advisable and _ essen- tial to equal taxation, while retaining that method and applying it to real es- tate and certain forms of tangible per- sonalty, to apply other methods to other classes of property where they are of such character that special methods constitute better measures or test of their owners’ ability to pay. A local assessor, if honest and intelli- gent, can, in a way estimate by some fairly uniform standard the value of a man’s farm, his horses and cattle or of a house and lot, and thereby determine approximately the comparative ability of their owners to pay taxes, who can not even approximately estimate the ability of the owners of a gas company to pay by viewing the gas tanks, the land on which they rest, and sizing up the President and Secretary. If he tries to do both, the former will inevitably bear a disproportionate share of the public burdens. It may, therefore, be essential to equality of taxation to let the local assessor assess the former class and apply some other method to the lat- ter, The value of these classes of property, so entirely different in character, can not be measured by the same _ standard any more than gas and real estate can be measured by the surveyor’s chain. The one may be measured by tangible property value, the other must be sub- jected to a special method based upon earning capacity which takes in through one resistless sweep, real estate, per- sonal chattels, franchise and all other forms of value. The only requisite to legality and practicability is that the method be applied to all property of the same class in the state. Equal taxation is means. The farmer who insists that a railroad he taxed by the same method that his farm and stock are taxed is standing in his own light and progressing back- wards. To be consistent, he should go back to Buck and Bright and the har- vest sickle. In this connection, it should be re- membered that it is a very serious thing to change an established system of tax- ation, even a poor one, and it should be done carefully, cautiously, intelligently, conservatively but courageously. The political agitator may serve a useful purpose in arousing public sentiment upon the subject of tax reform, but is apt to be a most dangerous man to di- rect changes in an established system. Reform is change but change may not be reform. Changes in methods and sys- tems of taxation to conform to modern economic conditions should be directed by careful, cautious, intelligent, con- servative, practical, courageous men, skilled and learned in taxation ques- tions and possessed of practical busi- ness and political experience. When made, they should operate with strict justice to rich and poor, to corporate and individual property. As new forms of property come into existence and develop, new taxes must be laid, not necessarily upon the prop- erty, but upon the separate sources of new wealth. This course must continue until the theory and practice of taxation accord with existing conditions. What an end, not a escapes under one method must be reached by another. — —— aX Et ail ution ty of ssen- ning al es- per- other re of hods st of telli- some Of 2 ir OL mine bility can the pany s, the ig up tries tably f the e, be to let class e lat- erty, » can idard e can hain. gible - sub- upon rough per- other te to it the of the ot a lroad it his iding ack - Id go har- ye re- thing tax- Id be ntly, The seful ment put is > di- 2m. y not 1 sys- odern ected con- men, ques- busi- When strict orate > into must prop- ces of tinue cation What t be MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 77 Fairbanks=-Morse Gas and Gasoline Engines Are the products of sixteen years of constant work spent in research, experiment and development. The final result is an engine that is ECONOMICAL, SAFE, DURABLE and simpLE, and the only En- gine that embodies aL. these essential features to their fullest extent. The adoption of gas and gasoline engines is_ rapidly increasing and the demand will still further increase as fast as the public becomes better acquainted with the many advantages they pos- sess. Their great ECONOMY and CONVENIENCE entitle ‘them to the preference in ‘ most cases. , These engines are built in several different sizes — all the way from a 1% up to a 50-horse power and even larger, and can be used for a large number of purposes. Correspondence solicited. ADAMS & HART, 12 West Bridge Street, Grand Rapids, Mich. Catalogues mailed on application. EB BR Bn Bn BS SE SE SR a aR eH i. § Brilliant Self Making Gas Lamp Third Season and Still in the Lead Claims That Interest Buyers TL make the best, most reliable and ce practical lamp in the market. | i SIMPLE sy MAKES MPa aaah NINE HOURS il aaa We don’t claim to make the cheapest lamp, but we do claim to f One without fault or objection, that is always right and ready. There are more of them in use than all other Gasoline lamps com- bined, giving perfect satisfaction { and taking the place of thousands of the others that are thrown as:de as failures; that’s why the trade want the Brilliant for their stores, their homes and tosell. It’s light, ( not fixture, that is wanted. Brighter than Electricity, Safer and Better than Kerosene or Gas 100 Candle Power light; 18 hours from 1 quart of Gasoline. The lighting season is_ here. Start it right. Don’t be misled by impossible claims of irresponsible parties. We are lamp manufacturers and have been for 35 years. An agent wanted in every town. 100 C. P. single burner BRILLIANT GAS LAMP CO., 42 State St., Chicago, Ill. George Bohner, Agent ER BB BR HOG SR, DR we eH i i e _ f f j f j f f f f f f f f j f j f j f j = oe Easiest, (| 6 yy) Star Cream | ean | Separator est | Quickest a4 gy Best on the Market. Made of the best material to be found on the market, with the most perfectly constructed bottom, allowing every particle of cream and milk to be drawn, without disturbing the can, thereby preventing all liability of remixing cream and milk after being separated, a point which is utterly im- possible with any other separator on the market. It will do equaliy as god work as the best centrifugal separator on the market costing from $75 to $150 and can be cleaned in thres-qu rters of the time, and requires: no labor or -. strength to operate. One Agent Wanted in Each - Town. Liberal Discounts. THE LAWRENCE MFG. CO., Concave Bottom Manufacturers of Dairy Supplies, Patented August [5th 1899 TOLEDO, OHIO. i D 9O0SOOSS $O0000666 OS 690084000 SOOSOOSS O0SSOSHS O9OOOOOS 090000008 Do your customers want Healthful Pancakes 7 Mattie Mitchell Self-Rising Corn Flour makes them. Retails for 10 cents; 25 per cent. profit. Write us for Free Samples. Order trial case from your jobber. The Mattie Mitchell Co., Cleveland, Ohio a See Price Curren on our Jennings Flavoring b . a | : Extract ra LAUR Nt tt 5p: eal _— v5 —~ Oo -B CONDENSED . Co. Serene. Ire: one: Beeching PR MIEMEED WH os 4 AvORING rR il BLUING |i j Mich. & OB OB OS SS SS SS SS Sere ‘ Alexander Warm Air Furnaces Are made in all sizes and for all kinds of fuel. They have many points of merit not found in any other furnace Our tubular combination hard or soft coal and wood furnace Is Absolutely Self Cleaning Before buying write us for full particulars. We are always pleased to make estimates and help our agents in securing contracts. When we have no agent will sell direct to the consumer at lowest prices. If you are in need of a good furnace write us at once. Alexander Furnace & Mfg. Co. 420 Mill St. So. Lansing, Mich wae oR OR OE. HR. OR > eR UE, t C. P. BLUING Grand Rapids, j f f f f f f f j PPP BF EEF FFB EFFEF BB SFEaGFoOPannm 5 ETA 78 ~ MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Taxation of Obligations and Securities. The taxation of notes, mortgages and other securities in the hands of the holders under existing methods of full face valuation, and rates uniform with other classes of property inadequately valued, never has been and perhaps never will be successful. Evasion and escape are inevitable and unavoidable. Nevertheless, the holders of such property should and must pay taxes ac- cording to ability as other citizens. Their accumulations are made and maintained under the protection of our laws and government. They have the benefit of our courts. The obligations of citizenship rest upon them and must not be shirked by any specific plea of double taxation or that such stuff is not property. The design of the law is to tax men personally through the measure or test of property. Some practical method should there- fore be devised for reaching such hold- ers and property fairly, and that will impose a just but not excessive burden directly and subject them to the just rule of equality of sacrifice for the com- mon good. Among methods employed in some States are a tax upon incomes and a small fixed rate levied and enforced di- rectly by the state upon face valuation, and recourse to public records and _list- ing. State Board of Tax Commissioners. The purpose of the law creating this Board is commendable and a step in the right direction. Itis designed sim- ply to secure the enforcement of the taxation laws of the state and _ intelli- gently direct changes and modifications in our laws and methods. The scope of the law is much broader than people generaily think. While the attempt of the Commission- ers to enforce the laws as they exist is laudable, whether it will not in the end prove futile, remains to be seen. Wheth- er it will not in the end vindicate the Statement of an eminent authority on taxation with reference to the general property tax system, ‘‘the more you im- prove it the worse it is,’’ time alone will tell. They are performing an im- portant duty in trying to bring property upon the tax rolls under an antiquated inefficient system, and in doing so are subjected to unjust criticism. They must levy taxes upon the principle of self-assessment with arbitrary correc- tive power. They did not make the system. Perhaps the best way to im- prove the system is to enforce it. The weakness, as enforced by the Board, is its application to’ particular, separate instances, rather than to classes of property. Under that system the man whose property is brought strictly with- in the provisions of the law is dispro- portionately taxed, says so more or less emphatically and arrays himself against the enforcement of the law. The result of the work of the Board this year will be to increase the total assessed valuation of the state about $300, 000, 000, this increased amount be- ing about equally distributed between real and personal property, the propor- tionate increase in personal being greater than real estate. This should afford some relief to real estate in general, although not so much as would at first glance appear, but whether it will result in greater equality of taxation is questionable. The State Tax Commission, however, is probably the beginning of substantial reform. George Clapperton. PIONEER TAVERNS. Five Grand Rapids Hotels in Existence Before 1850. Grand Rapids from its infancy has a good record for hospitality in taverns and hoteis. In this semi-centennial year of the city it is well to remember that with only five hotels prior to 1850 the traveling public were well served and entertained by large-hearted and gentle- manly landlords, even although not in the gilt-edged style of this day and generation. We must remember, too, that in the village days there were no paved streets, only a small part even of the two main thoroughfares being graded to equal a fair country road. ‘The cit- izens, however, felt proud of their vil- lage and its taverns as well as trade, as tokens to the stranger within its gates of the happy progress they were mak- ing toward becoming the chief town of Western Michigan. The settlement was only seventeen and the village only to-day. This house was always popular and well patronized. The old wooden structure was burned in 1883 and the brick one erected in its place has since been kept by J. K. Johnston, as a tem- perance house. The second hotel was built by Hiram Hinsdill,and was purchased and opened by Myron Hinsdill in 1836 and called Hinsdill’s Hotel. About 1840 it passed into the hands of Canton Smith, who renamed it The National. It was a pretty two-story wooden building, with a capacious hall or ball room on the second floor. Canton Smith was a model inn-keeper of those days. He was also widely known as a deer hunter—-an ex- cellent marksman with the rifle. It was an almost daily experience with early risers to meet Mr. Smith about sunrise with the carcass of a fine deer across his shoulders, coming in from the di- rection of Plaster Creek. Indeed, he kept the tables of The National well Ae MP able tag ap thirteen years old when it put on its city clothes. Only three of the now prominent hotels stand on the site of their location in the pioneer days, and a few of those old-timers we will pro- ceed to notice: The firstborn of the hotels was the Eagle, at the corner of Waterloo and Louis streets, and it still retains the name by which it was christened. (By the way that name must have heen a peculiar favorite in those days. In 1844 the Eagle newspaper was issued from a room across the street from that inn. ) J. S. Potter, a new-comer among the settlers, began the building and Louis Campau finished it, in 1834. Its first landlord was William H. Godfrey. It changed proprietors no less than seven times before the city days. Among them were Louis Moran, Canton Smith, He- man Leonard, Marston C. Luce (father of R. C. Luce), and others who will be remembered by many old residents of supplied with vension and wild turkey nearly all the time prior to 1850, when he leased the premises and went to Cal- ifornia. He resumed possession a few years later. Among its landlords in the intermin were Cary & Collins, Granger & Whittemore, Hall, Mills and Theo dore H. Rathbun. In September, 1855, the house was burned, but was quickly replaced with a four-story one, also of wood. Mr, Smith’s two sons, James A. and Gen. I. C., became proprietors after the Civil War, and after them John T. Barker and Mrs. Barker. In con- junction with that hotel the ‘‘town pump,’’ in the middle of Ionia street, was a well-known landmark, especially to horsemen with thirsty teams. Again the structure was burned, September 20, 1872, and then came the fine block which, after successive changes and enlargements, has hecome the imposing edifice, the Morton House of to-day, which, under the excellent management of Pantlind & Co., has a deservedly nation-wide reputation. Some _ further personal reminiscences might appro- priately be given, but the writer has become practically a stranger in the past ten years. Next after The National the Bridge Street House was built by C. H. Car- roll, in 1837. It was first called Kent Hotel, afterward Grand River Exchange and finally Bridge Street House. It was a two-story wooden building, with a frontage on Bridge street of forty feet, with a portico and steps the entire length. It was in the marsh and a fine brook came down there from the Kus- terer spring, so called. Its first land- lord was John Thompson. After him came Solomon Withey (father of the late Judge S. L. Withey). Then it changed hands frequently until 1850. In the village days this was a favorite place for holding elections. In 1837 the first State election was held there, and as the district comprised Western Mich- igan north of Kalamazoo River, with as many as 200 or 300 voters in all, we may well imagine that it was a noisy time in this neck o’ the woods. Then in 1840 was the famous ‘** Tippecanoe and Tyler too’’ election, with more noise and cider than the other. Well, every- hody knows the history of the Bridge Street House since the city came in (fifty years), so we will pass that hy. The Rathb yn House: was first Louis Campau’s dwelling, built in 1834. A man who helped lay the cellar wall is Robert M. Barr, living on Lagrave street—87 years old. About 1840 a boarding house was kept there, it after- ward becoming a_ hotel—the Mansion House. The name was changed to Rathbun House by Charles Rathbun, about 1845. It was where the Widdi- comb building now stands. Around it cluster many interesting recollections of the early days. Some of us, alas, shall never see their like again. The Michigan House, on the south- west corner of Louis and Ottawa streets, was built and opened hy Charles Trompe in 1848. It was owned after- ward and occupied by Jacob Nagel during his life. Albert Baxter. > -6<.___ An amusing story is told of a Grand Rapids woman who thought that it would be great fun to take an apartment in Paris this summer in order to see the Exposition in luxurious ease. So she took with her many of her cherished household gods ‘‘for company’’ and started. After weary search she found an apartment not altogether beyond the bounds of reason as to rent, and_ estab- lished herself therein just as the Exposi- tion opened its unfinished doors. And then began her woes! The great fair was not ready; bridges fell, destroying innocent promenaders below; pavilions caught fire, bombs exploded, the smart Parisians fled the town, leaving Paris to the provincials, and social life was at a standstill. The theaters put up only venerable and timeworn pieces, the Ex- position side shows were a failure, the grounds swarmed with hordes of tourists. Then came the great heat. The water failed, the torrid sun burned and scorched the hapless beings on the glaring Paris pavements, while the odors of the Seine cried aloud to heaven. The experiment, in short, although a suffi- ciently costly one, had not been alto- gether a success, When last heard from she had taken a ticket which would eventually land her on the highest habitable spot in Switzerland. ——_2.__ Reports from Louisiana indicate that there will be a large cane sugar crop there, and the beet sugar crop seems ta be in equally good condition. i oF © MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 7 SNTTEP VEDI NNTP NEP NeT nr ver nV NEP HT NEP NNN TPN Nr Tver en Tver en er NTP ner vr verte Veer Neer rN er Nr vee Vr NTP Nt vr OTL The DeVILBISS COMPUTING SCALES Are the only Automatic Computing Scales made that positively contain no Springs. 4 ~} > Both Weight and Value Are instantly shown when the article to be weighed is placed upon the platform. If you are in the market for Computing Scales, don’t fail to investigate our system before buying. The Ideal Scale for Meat Markets and the Butter Box Department in Grocery Stores. Z43~ iy il Pee e ee Tyg" marae os Write for Catalogue illustrating our complete line. e& Oo n No. 2. Price $45.00. “ae™ The DeVILBISS COMPUTING SCALE CO., Toledo, Ohio. Patented in U. $., Canada, England and France. Patents pending in U. S., Canada, England, France and Germany. i. bk ah a lh AMAAUAAAAADL DAMA AMA AMA JbAJbA JUL JAA ADA ADA AbA ADA AbA ADL AMA JbA Jb4 db4 Jb4 244.004.044.040 bb dUb Jb dbhddd bd ¥ CUTIPTIPNPNEA NEURONE NET OPN NP NRF NET NEP NNT NOP NED NTP NNN Ne Nene NET Neen TEP NPN TP NTP TP CRE EE EEE The Star Green 5c Cigar! — POPS SS SES SSS SS SERRE ae ; PISS IQ? >< >< " Grows In = FS Quality the Favor Daily ‘e \ Cause of It. IIT 1 g eA g ss Wall ss. i se — UE 2 s - B. J. REYNOLDS, Distributor, Telephone 172 Grand Rapids, Mich. AS CSS SS SSE EEE EEE AEA ELE LP ERNE 80 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN HAIR DRESSING. Some of the Changes Dame Fashion Has Dictated, The mode of wearing the hair at any time is determined and regulated by the dress of that period. Fashion, accord- ingly, exhibits the same caprice and extravagance in the history of hair dressing as inthe history of dress. The two are intimately connected; but, in this article only a very brief account of historic hair dressing will be at- tempted. The most ancient fact concerning the arrangement of the hair is found in the Vishnu Purana, a system of Hindu mythology and tradition which dates as far back as 6,000 B. C. An account is given of Sagara, a king, who imposed upon the vanquished tribes as a penalty peculiar distinguishing marks. He made the Yuvanas shave their heads entire- ly; the Paradas wore their hair long; the Sakas he compelled to shave the forepart of the head; and there is much evidence to show that the latter mode is the origin of the present custom of wearing the fore part of the head shaven and gathering the back hair into a tail, as worn by the Chinee. This fact affords an example of how this strange and mysterious race is wont to follow with religious tenacity ail its ancient cus- toms. According to Plutarch, Abantes intro- duced the custom among the Greeks of shaving the fore part of the head, which custom was followed by the Lacedaemonians. What Oriental! people wore their hair long, except at the back of the head, is questionable; but the usage would be characteristic rather of the Teutonic and Gothic nations. The proverb, ‘‘Woman’s crowning glory is her hair,’’ has been applicable as far back as the knowledge of man can trace. The Rig Vedas, the most ancient books known, mentioned the hair of the deities as a feature inciting the greatest adoration. Twenty-five cen- turies ago, woman took the same precau- tion to maintain a youthful appearance by the preservation of her hair as she does to-day. Dyes and washes—which, by the way, reached a far better standard of excellence than any modern prepara- tion of the kind—retained the color and the deficiencies of nature were made up for by the wearing of false hair. Considering the modes of arranging the hair, it is found that whatever style —the severe or the graceful—character- izes the architecture and costuming of a race, that style may also be used to define the hair dressing of that race. The arrangement of plaits, as worn by the Egyptians, illustrates the severe; and the favorite mode among the Greeks of gathering the hair back from the tem- ples into a knot behind or above the temples is an example of the graceful. The chief characteristic of the head- dress of the Roman ladies was the elab- orateness. The hair was curled and braided in an intricate manner and then adorned with ornaments of gold, pearl or precious stones, garlands of flowers and ribbons of various hues. Rows of curls framed the face and sometimes pendant curls dangled to the shoulders. In his **Last Days of Pompeii’’ Lord Lytton describes Julia’s head-dress as made up ofa mass of small curls, the false being woven with the true and the whole carried to such a height that seemed to place the head almost at the center of the human form. Long hair has always heen a distin- guishing characteristic of the Teutonic tribes. Among the Franks flowing ring- lets were a mark of the highest rank. The Danes took great pride in their long hair. When the Normans came in- to England, they were fascinated by the long hair of the Saxons, and changed from closely cropped heads to the op- posite extreme. The Saxon women wore veils or couvrechefs (coverchiefs), which covered the head completely, the ends being wrapped around the neck and passed over the shoulders. A later style, which prevailed until the reign of Henry III., was to wear the hair bound upon the head with fillets of silk or some other rich material ; in other in- stances it was confined in a net or cau. During the reign of Henry III. the conventional head-dress made its ap- pearance, and from that time on woman taxed to the utmost her ingenuity in de- vising peculiar and extravagant con- George III. instances are cited where the ladies wore false locks set on wire to make them stand at a distance from the head. The projections were deco- rated with wreaths of pearls and three ringlets dangled from each side of the head. During the Eighteenth Century the styles in hair dressing rose to the high- est pitch of extravagance. The art of hair dressing was greatly exercised -and the cost of a dressing was such that sometimes one arrangement was made to last as long as two weeks. A revival of this monstrous style occurred in 1870. The body of the erection was made oftow, over which the hair was turned. False hair was then added and the whole was powdered, elaborately decorated and then surmounted by feathers. To-day the French have introduced structions for her head. They gradually increased in favor, with a proportion- ate increase in size. At times there | were departures from the style, caused by the ridicule of the satirists or the fierce invectives of the holy men; but each time the head-dress would spring up with renewed vigor. It is a histor- ical fact that Isabella of Bavaria wore a head-dress which was so high that the doors of the palace at Vincennes were obliged to be altered to allow her to pass through them. It would fill volumes to give a description of the various shapes and combinations that have appeared at various times. The fashion of wearing false hair be- came prevalent during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The Queen herself possessed aS many as_ two hundred pieces of false hair, following the cus- tom of the time to appear at different times with a distinct arrangement of the hair. Laterthe wearing of wigs be- came general and reached the maxi- mum importance during the time of Queen Anne. During the time of | pompadour. the most successful mode, namely, the About a year ago some of the authorities prophesied, in view of the increasing height of this modish coiffure, that women were returning to the extravgance of the Eightenth Cen- tury. However, the prediction was false. The fashionable woman of to-day will wear her hair so that the outline of her head is at least visible, and will draw her back hair up tight enough to reveal the contour of her head. She will effect this mostly by placing the cor- rectly shaped ornament into its correct place. There are various ways of wearing the hair to-day, but they are all founded upon one way. The loose coil at the middle of the back of the head is sup- plemented by an environing puff. The variety is obtained by arranging the coil low or high; by parting or pom- padouring the front hair, and, lastly, by the wide range of fancy pins and head-dresses that are offered. ‘To-day one does not attempt to execute a mod- ish coiffure wituothan artisticadornment. Before women thoughtlessly adhere to fashion without regard to individual- ity, it would be well to remember that the beauty of woman depends upon the harmony of her features. The rules for proportion and harmony should be _ ob- served in arranging the hair, as in any other art. The following are established rules: To suit a long, narrow face, the hair should be dressed round; for a sharp featured face, dress the hair low or else quite on top; for a round face, narrow dressings are preferable, but should be kept high; exceedingly tall people should wear their hair dressed rather low and decidedly round; very short women should always wear their hair dressed high. In general, the women of to-day do not give the proper amount of consider- ation and attention to their hair. A Greek writer said: ‘‘Let a woman be beautiful, learned and ever so exquis- itely dressed, but if her locks be ill dressed, she will not please.’’ A woman will often pride herself upon the genu- ineness and purity of her diamonds, and at the same time consider it no de- arture from good taste to fasten her ocks back with cheap imitation combs. Nothing reveals a woman’s taste and re- finement, her perception of quality, as the combs and pins which she wears in her hair. It requires skill and knowledge of or- namental form to devise for each indi- vidual woman a tasteful arrangement of the hair, and that is the reason very few women are successful in dressing their hair. It is never denied that a designer of furniture, jewelry or tapes- try could succeed without this knowl- edge of ornamental composition, but not much is thought about the art of hair dressing. Why is not as much taste required to adapt the-correct form of head-dress to a woman's face and figure, adjust lace and ribbon, arrange ornaments and feathers, as to ornainent a screen or design furniture? Estella B. Hibbard. Cut This Out Length 125 in. Width 11% in. Thickness 3 in. Send it to us with $2.25 and we will forward to you, freight charges prepaid, one dozen Security File Cases (style like cut). These cases are extra strong and well made, having wood piece front, back and ends, a strong wire holder for the index and cover page, both of which are of the best manilla stock. Order at once. Offer holds good for short time only. Fasoldt Brothers, Makers of Security File Cabinets 41 South Division Street, Grand Rapids, Mich. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN SO OOOO OOOO OO OO - AXLE GREASE has become known on account of its good qualities. Merchants handle Mica because their customers want the best axle grease they can get for their money. Mica is the best because it is made especially to reduce Me Se OO OOo * friction, and friction is the greatest destroyer of axles and axle boxes. be 4) It is becoming a common saying that “Only one-half as much Mica is is- y¥, required for satisfactory lubrication as of any other axle grease,” so that = 4 Mica is not only the best axle grease on the market but the most eco- a nomical as well. Ask your dealer to show you Mica in the new white is, X and blue tin packages. le- y ler .¢ jy . Ba ILLUMINATING AND as <4 Y in tS LUBRICATING OILS 7) ———— or y li- ‘ of p ry 1 WATER WHITE HEADLIGHT OIL IS THE n ve ” STANDARD THE WORLD OVER S- y]- K ut 1 of y } HIGHEST PRICE PAID FOR EMPTY CARBON AND GASOLINE BARRELS ch : rm d 1 ae nd , ge ) STANDARD OIL CO. ° = One-third of it is spent at your desk—if you're an office man. Why not take that one-third as comfortably as you can? First in impor- tance is your desk; have you one with con- venient appliances—have you a good one? If not you want one—one built for wear, style, convenience and business. Dozens of differ- ent patterns illustrated in catalogue No. 6— write for it. SAMPLE FURNITURE CO. Retailers of Sample Furniture LYON PEARL& OTTAWA STS. GRAND RAPIDS MICH. We issue ten catalogues of HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE—one or all-to be had for the asking. its pleasant to know that your labor has had its reward, and that you are better off financially than you were at the beginning of the day. THIS IS BUSINESS---SUC- cessful business. The Money Weight sys- tem will make business better. Our scales are sold on easy monthly payments. The Computing Scale Co., Dayton, Ohio 4 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN LAKE TRANSPORTATION. Highly Stimulating to the Commerce and - Industries of Michigan. The influence that lake transportation has exercised upon the growth of Mich- igan’s commerce and industries, and its present effect is a topic of great in- terest, well worthy an abler and more exhaustive treatise than this brief and incomplete sketch. Waterways have always been an im- portant mode of transportation, possibly more so in the past, before the present development of railroads, than they are destined to be in the future. The broad rivers of the United States and its in- land lakes were the chief avenues of migration, immigation, commerce, travel, warfare, hunting, trapping and scouting, both for the dusky savage and the hardy pioneer. Witness the im- portance attached in earlier days to the natural highway of waters between New York and Montreal formed by the Hud- son and St. Lawrence Rivers and Lakes George and Champlain, as evidenced by the building of important forts upon them. The history of all our other im- portant lakes and rivers bears similar evidence. To-day, although railroad transporna- tion has been perfected to a degree that makes it a closer competitor for water routes, yet the latter still retain their position of pre-eminence over all other transportation channels and furnish up- on their banks the sites of our largest cities and the avenue of approach io our most prosperous sections. In character of service rendered and in cheapness of it, water transportation is to-day far in advance of the railroad. Wheat and corn at date of writing are being carried from Chicago to Buffalo at 1% to 1% cents per bushel and the rate has been as low as a cent and sel- dom above 2 cents in recent years. Iron ore and coal on the lakes are moved at equally low rates and a great deal cf the heavy freight traffic is absolutely dependent upon lake navigation, its movement coming to a stop when nav- igation closes in the fall. If we turn to another class of freight —that of a perishable nature requiring quick and cool transportation, such as, for instance, fruit—our lake steamers furnish a better service than the express service of railroads and at lower rates. On general merchandise shipments the merchant or manufacturer at our lake ports or near to them practically gets express service, so far as time is concerned, and gets it at the low rates of slow freights. In passenger service the superiority of the steamer over the railroad is even more marked. Compare mentally, first, the relative rates of fare and, next, the steamer, with its private stateroom and roomy cabins, with the ordinary coach or even the best Pullman or Wagner car service. As to safety, the records of the passenger service on the Great Lakes in 1898 show that not a single passen- ger’s life was lost during that season, although many hundreds of thousands were carried. I have not seen the record for 1899, but there were no serious dis- asters that season and the loss of life, if any, must have been very small. Mich- gan may, therefore, be regarded as most fortunate in possessing so exten- sive a lake coast line, and the lakes sur- rounding it do not separate it from its markets, but bring it nearer to them. While it held an eminent position, on account of its forest products, the lakes furnished the principal means of con- veying these to the outside world. In those earlier days its ports bristled with the masts of the fleets of schooners con- veying lumber, bark, staves and wood. Gradually these shipments were partly displaced by manufactures, such as salt, furniture and the varied products of Michigan factories, and to these were supplemented agricultural products, particularly fruit from its western shore. Its fleets were changed from schooners to steamers. If we may attempt to predict as to the future, it seems inevitable that the in- fluence of lake transportation will be highly beneficial and stimulating to the agriculture, commerce and_ industries of our State. A very marked tendency on the part of railroads to combine has been evi- dent in recent years and, while reason- ably profitable freight rates are just and proper, it is a question whether the rail- roads would always be satisfied with only a reasonable profit. In the event | amaenam circumspice’’—If you would behold a beautiful peninsula, look about thee. C. J. DeRoo. Alone in the Crowd. Written for the Tradesman. A little enquiry outside the trading world will bring out the fact that a great many people think that a traveling man is made up differently from his fellow mortals. He is never lonesome. A happy-go-easy fellow, he roams _ the wide world over, as glad to get into a place as he is to get out of it; ever meeting and parting; a laugh here, a joke there and a story somewhere else, and the world wags on. Once he was not thought well of as a citizen, but all that is changed. Now he is a sober, re- spectable member of a_ frequently changing society. Except in solitary instances he differs from his race—they are sometimes cast down and lonesome, he never is. That conceded, the world asa class that they should not be, our great water- ways will always act as.a check to in- ordinate greed on their part. The governments of Canada and of the State of New York have in recent years given marked evidence of their appreciation of the importance of inter- nal public water highways—the former in the development of its St. Lawrence River route and its new locks at Sault Ste. Marie, and the latter in improve- ment of the Erie Canal. On other con- tinents public works of like nature and some of stupendous magnitude are in progress. Most fortunate then is the State possessing these facilities as Na- ture’s free gift,especially when this gift is linked to such an unusual diversity of Nature’s gifts as are possessed by our State. Witness the richness and variety of our mines, of our forests and of our farm products. Well chosen was the motto which appears on our State coat of arms, ‘‘Si quaeris peninsulam 'goes farther and believes that there is ‘little heart in him. ‘‘A man always joking never does anything else.’’ ‘*Light heads are always the compan- ions of light heels.’’ ‘The list is not ex- hausted, but they all confirm the idea that these qualities are in some unac- countable way intimately associated with the drummer. The facts, how- ever, do not carry out that idea. The maxims may be true enough as_ expres- sions of condensed wisdom, but they are not often applicable to the man on the road. He takes his home and its life along with him. That inside pocket where he carries the photographs often gives up its treasure on the road between points and gives him better thinking material than what is too often ascribed to him. Like his fellow traveler, the author of ‘‘Home, Sweet Home,’’ he thinks of that ‘‘dearest spot’’ oftener than his more fortunate brother who is never out of sight of the smoke of his own chimney, and who on that account can neither feel nor understand the utter loneliness which often comes to the stranger in the crowd. Then, if ever, he sees his happiness, if he has any, ‘‘through another man’s eyes.’’ That one may come and go, but ‘‘troops of friends attend him,’’ to see him off, and others await his coming at the end of the journey, and the traveling man, feeling that he is alone in the world, yields to the human nature that is with- in him and envies the welcome which never comes to the man with the grip. ‘*] think I feel this most,’’ recently said a traveling man in whose hair ‘‘the gray is mingled withthe brown,’’ ‘‘ when the train is approaching a large city after dark. It begins with the bustle and preparation of arrival. There is no need of hurrying on my part. The day is over and the blank bare walls of the room waiting for me somewhere hold little to cheer me. I used to hurry out through the crowds waiting to greet the coming friend, but | do that no longer. I stay with my misery in the car and wait until the crowds have gone. My seat in the rear of the long train pre- vents my seeing the welcome I can not have and the huge station, with here and there an employe, is a fitting pre- lude to the desolation ahead of me. At first I used to think I didn’t care. What were these men and the women kissing them to me? My wife was at home, and | should be pretty soon—that was all there was to that; but when, one night—it was years ago—after my baby died, | saw a fellow traveling man rush from the train to take into his arms and kiss his bright-eyed boy, the age of mine, I found out what it all was to me; and so | wait until the baggagemen and I have the station to ourselves. Men say they get used to it. Perhaps they do; but | believe there are times with the most of them when, with me, they long for ‘the touch of a vanished hand and the sound of a voice that is still.’ ’’ The fact is we are zll human. The man with the grip is one of us; and, while the laugh may bespeak the merry heart, it also, oftener than we are aware of, emphasizes the fact that *‘Sorrow’s crown of sorrow is remembering happier things.’’ People who intend to indict the ac- curacy of the census must be well forti- fied by facts to succeed. At the census office in Washington are filed maps of every city, and the enumerators’ returns by streets,numbers of houses and names taken for each house. These data are all in order and readily referred to, and the superintendent will require the ‘*kicker’’ to specify just where the shortage is that he claims. WATER PROOF WOOD SOLE SHOES Price $1.10 net. With iron nails on bottom, $1.25. Oil Grain Uppers. Sizes 6to12. Best shoes for Butchers, Brewers, Farmers, Miners, Creamery- men, Tanners, ete. This sole is more service- able and cheaper than a leather sole where hard service is required. A. H. RIEMER CoO., Patentees and Mfrs., MILWAUKEE, WIS. 2s for nery- rvice- hard WIS. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 83 SPST EEL EEE SESE SEES TST OUR RUBBERS Brands First ie eS vo Rubber Co. Seen Quality \Boot & At 25, 10 and 5 Per Cent. GOODYEAR RUBBER CO., Milwaukee 382 and 384 East Water St. W. W. Wallis, Manager. + ELEC EEE ELSE EEE EE EE TELS he he ol od od ohh ofp he oh oh ole oh oh of oh oh oh oho oooh oh ohooh oh oh oh oh oh hp the hp eke abe aude ub odode oh oh ah oe oh oh uu ohohapah ob ob oh whoop oh oh oh hep Pure Food Law We guarantee our York State and Michigan Pure Apple Vinegar to be law proof. Correspondence solicited. Murr } Oat Chicago, III. GOHOHOHOOOOOHHHOHOHOHHHHOOHOG AMAZON KID = = Made from a Fine Goat Skin S that w 7 wear well and give nfort to tired Feet. Made in Bals only, eap toe D, EX EE. Goodyear Welts, $2.25 pair. McKay Sewed, $2.00 pair. Write for sample dozens. Orders filled the day received. BRADLEY & METCALF eCo., Milwaukee, Wis. ST SSSSSSSSSSSsSssesess Seeeeesesseseses Higa MAKE BUSINESS — Why Not Become A Philanthropist? Grow two blades of trade grass where only one sprouted before. You must sell salt; why not sell a salt that will give a new quality and an increased value to the dairyman’s butter? It’s good business for you—you'll make profit on both butter and salt. Let us write you about ‘Diamond Crystal Salt “The Salt that’s All Salt.” The only salt that’s above 99 per cent. pure by analysis, by practical test. It is the only salt that IMM EDIATELY dissolves in the butter and leaves it free of grit and spots. It gives butter the flavor:all the good buyers are after all the time. Send for our salt booklet. Diamond Crystal Salt Co., St. Clair, Mich. 84 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Shoes and Leather ~~ fhe Work of Learning to Sell Shoes. When I entered upon a career as a shoe clerk, I determined to gain such a knowledge of the business that I could become a thorough shoe salesman and increase my salary, and thereby assure success. I was as much interested in the store and its success as my employ- er. I did not think, as some salesmen do, that I was doing all the work and some one else getting all the profits. I looked at it in a different light. I took it up inthis manner: My employer's success means my success. The more business we do the more salary I shall receive and, as I was looking for money, not to pass the time away, I also thought, the more business we do, the more I hustle, the more opportu- nities will come to me to secure a better position, and that means more wages, which means success. Our competitors, it seemed to me, were jealous,as we were doing the busi- ness of the town, and the more I thought of them the harder I worked, for I be- lieved they would have a better impres- sion of me. Case after case of goods came rolling in every day, and as I did not want the salesmen of higher authority to bother about. this part of the work, for fear of discourtesy to some of the cus- tomers through some mistake or other, | determined to learn to handle and to sort these goods myself, as 1 thought if I had to find the way to tell these goods apart, I would always remember them afterwards. I made it my business to watch this work and do it, and to have it done at the time needed—never after- wards. Now when this work was done I paid Strict attention to selling and keeping the store in condition, never missing a chance and never giving my employer a chance to tell me to do this and _ that. I always tried to do things without be- ing told, and to do them to the best of my ability. I never laid around the store idle. Always and at all times I kept on the go, finding work to do of one kind or another, and in this way time soon flew by. There were no idle mo- ments for the salesmen. I had my work on my mind and gained a knowledge of everything about the store—when, where and what to do—and I can tell you I soon learned how to do it, and the same came tu be a_ pleasure to me. What I thought at one time would be an undesirable task has proved to me to be a pleasure. Now in relation to selling: It seems to me as though it came to me_natural- ly. I tried at all times to get rid of goods in the same way, at the samie When | say time securing fair prices. we Re HERE WE MAKE THE SHOES. If you want a reliable line of footwear with and styles on good fitting lasts that are up-to-date heavy and medium weight every-day shoes fair prices, I mean the ‘‘all right’’ kind —not too high, not too low, but high enough to pay well and ! w enough to keep my patrons. I always selected the stayers off the shelves first, and tried with all my power to sell these before showing new goods, and in many ways it proved to the customers sometimes to be more satisfactory. When I got hold of a customer and after trying all pos- sible ways and at the same time keep- ing my anxiety down (keeping cool), showing each and every pair of shoes that I thought might possibly do and also showing goods that I thought would not answer, I sometimes found them to be the ones wanted. It is no trouble to work and show goods when working to gain experience. You might ask why I showed goods that | thought might never answer. But I showed these goods to find out what the customer did not want, at the same time showing him that I was anxious to suit him if he could be suited at all. At the same time | kept my counters clean. When a customer knows you are not too lazy to find what he wants he will wait for it. lf 1 failed to suit my customers I always tried to entertain them by showing them the different makes of leather, the shapes, styles, etc., until one of the other salesmen of higher authority got through, and I then related my case to him and in this way held a great proportion of trade which otherwise would have been lost, and when a customer is lost through inex- perienced salespeople, he or she rarely comes back again. 1 began to think that if others could satisfy these cranks—as I class them—I could do it as well. I felt as if I could do anything that anyone else could do. And let me tell you,I soon learned how. I was not long, and 1 think that my employer will agree with me on that point. In all my experience I must confess that as far back as I can re- member, and I think I can recall it all, we never had many dissatisfied custom- ers. We feared not the loss of their trade, but the harm they could do, for we thought one dissatisfied customer could do as much harm as a dozen satis- fied ones could do good. This is the stand we took, and it proved to bea successful one. If our customers in- sisted on anything we let it go at that, at the same time always trying to give advice in as courteous a manner as pos- sible, at all times acting pleasantly to all people in and out of the store. Now as for shoe salesmen, there are plenty ; but the great majority of them are not successful; they are not profit- able to their employers; they work when they have to; their attention is often somewhere else than on the shoes on the shelves and on the customers. | have always made it my duty, if pos- sible, to do more work when my em- ployer is out than when he is in the store; but at all times doing what I could and trying in dead earnest to do it right, as I took it for granted that my employer knew at all times, or ought to know, of all connected with his busi- ness.—Wm. F. Sullivan in Boot and Shoe Recorder. Climax Box Lifter With a Climax Box Lifter you can take downand replace boxes on the top shelves with- out injuring the covers or boxes. The weight of the box on lower hooks firmly grips the cover and holds box from slipping. Also a great con- venience for taking shoes out of show windows. Strong and durable. Will last a lifetime Sample sent prepaid for ¢1.00 by The Nevenzel Mfg Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. OR Hirth, Krause & Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. WA UA 00 wn WR WR BREAKING THE RECORD AND HOW WE DID IT s Ce Last year we largely increased our business, and this year, unless all signs fail, the increase will be still greater. The reason? WE SELL THE BEST GOODS, and we are wide awake to give our customers the most prompt and careful service Our stock of goods is al- ways clean, fresh and up to date in every respect. Try us and see. We sell the following old reliable and popular brands: AMERICAN, CANDEE, WOONSOCKET, FEDERAL, PARA and RHODE ISLAND. Also Wool Boots, Combinations and LLumbermen’s Stockings. If you begin to trade with us vou will keep right on. A. H. KRUM & CO., Detroit, Michigan, Wholesale Rubber Footwear Exclusively. ww WE a WR 6 Ow. a. a POP 00000000 00000000 00000000 POSCOOOO OOOO OOOO WA WE WR Manufacturers of STRICTLY HIGH GRADE TARRED FELT Send us your orders, which will be shipped same day received. Prices with the market and qualities above it. $ ESTABLISHED 1868 H. M. REYNOLDS & SON 3. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. POPS OO9O 90900000 00000006006000000000000000600000 900000000 00000 As, < Paar wees A $e 7 “. 7S auld ACTURERS)(@C me | MAYER’S SCHOOL | SHOES WEAR | } LIKE | | | Sane rr 5 ; . a gs dalle ata iad * ier Sane ‘ | IRON HERE WE CARRY THE STOCK. which you can increase your trade, buy MAYER’S MILWAUKEE CUSTOM-MADE SHOES. We make all grades - Our specialties are men’s and ladies’ FINE SHOES and OXFORDS, but we also make an extremely good line of from oil grain, kangaroo kip and calf. Send for samples, or write us, and we will have our salesman call on you. | ifter lace | 2 ee en en en FTE @ 900000000 6000000000000 les of MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 85 SHOULD HAVE KICKED. Shoe Merchant Who Lacked Moral Cour- age. Written for the Tradesman. ‘*Yes,’’ said the shoe merchant, re- flectively, ‘‘I have a good trade here, and if it wasn’t for one thing I'd be content to stay here for the remain- der of my business career.’’ ‘“That one thing must be something serious,’’ I said, glancing ahout his well stocked, pleasant establishment, shaded with noble elms and maples in front and looking out ona miniature park of river bank and grove at the rear. ‘‘If you have a good trade, you ought to be perfectly happy here.’’ ‘*Oh, it’s the old story over again,’’ replied the merchant. ‘‘Trade makesa slave of a man, physically and morally, in a town of this size. The store rides one’s neck like the famous Old Man of the Sea. It is always the store, until the store becomes an offensive, critical, domineering personality.’’ ‘*Moneymakers always are domineer- ing,’’ I suggested, *‘whether a twenty- five-fuot store, with shade trees in front, or a gouty old banker, with mutton- chop whiskers and a bald head. Money not only talks, but talks loudly enough to drown all other voices.’’ ‘*You’ve said it,’’ was the reply. ‘‘It’s always ‘What will the store think’ or ‘What will the store do?’ or ‘How will this or that affect the store?’ ‘The store’ is the head of my family, I can tell you, and I’m getting tired of it.’’ ‘*Don’t get tired of a good thing,’’ I said. ‘Can't help it,” was the reply. ‘*Here only the other day a man came along and asked me to sign a petition to the school hoard to hire a French teacher. Well, there are a lot of hogs in town who want their children to learn French at the expense of the people and these hogs happen to be my customers. So I signed it, cursing myself for a sub- servient, time-serving idiot while I was doing it.’’ ‘*The thing would have gone through anyway,’’ I said, ‘‘so your signature did no harm.”’ ‘*T ought to have the right to express my opinion on such points,’’ said the merchant, ‘‘without interfering with my bread and butter. Here we have about 2,000 pupils in the public schools and this year the graduating class con- sisted of ten, all girls but one, and all the children of parents wealthy enough to pay for anything above the eighth or ninth grade. The children of poor peo- ple are obliged to quit school at the eighth grade and go to work, yet half our school money is spent in the high school, where they get no benefit from it. I just wanted to get out and make a howl and fight that petition for a French teacher, but the store held me back. The school money should be spent in the primaries, where all can get the benefit of it, the poor as well as the rich. Oh, the store!’’ ‘‘Merchants are not the only ones handicapped by policy,’’ I said. ‘*T suppose not,’’ was the reply, ‘*but if all the people so held down feel as despicable about it as I do, there must be little self-satisfaction in the world. When I get up to the golden gate and St. Peter asks what good things I have done, I'm going to take out my ledger and throw it at him. All the good 1 have ever done thus far is recorded there. He can send me out to push clouds for three or four hundred years if he wants to, but he’ll have the truth.’’ The merchant got up to give away a pair of shoestrings and came back to his desk, ‘IT belong to the Up-and-Up church organization here,’’ he said, in a mo- ment, ‘‘and I've outraged all sense of honesty there, too. We had a preacher who was bright, learned, honest and gentlemanly. He talked plain truths because he believed in being outspoken. One day one of his sermons hit an old settler who made his first money steal- ing timber from Government land and selling whisky to the Indians. The old settler has money, his sons have money, his daughters have married men who have money and they all belong to the Up-and-Up church. From that day on there was war on the preacher, and that sneaking, penurious, ignorant, purse- proud gang won out. Yes, and I signed their petition for anew pastor. What do you think of that?’’ ‘*T wouldn’t have done it,’’ I said. ‘*Oh, yes, you would,’’ said the mer- chant. ‘‘That gang can ruin me as easily as it ruined the preacher. That's why 1’m going to sell out here and go to a large city, where all this social friction does not exist. Before the preacher went away I| told him just what I thought and gave hima check, but what good was that, after he had been sent away with a mud patch on his back?”’ ‘*The check probably helped,’’ I said. ‘And then the way taxes are assessed here makes me tired. We have an as- sessor who lets the rich down easy and puts it onto the mechanics and laborers to beat the band. There was a move to heat him last spring, and what do you think I had to dof Sign a_ paper sup- porting him and get out and work for his re-election. Why, I know of a widow who is paying $24 a year taxes on a place that won’t sell for $1,200 and I also know of a business man who is paying $30 taxes on a place for which he has refused $5,000. I know of a man who paid $10,000 fora piece of land and put a building worth $25,000 on it, and that property is now assessed for less than the naked land was. How’s that?’’ ‘‘Why don’t you get up and how!?’’ I asked. ‘*What’s the use?’’ was the reply. ‘‘The people my talk interfered with would stop trading with me and work against me all they could, while the people I tried to benefit would give me the laugh and go somewhere else to trade. Oh,my talk wouldn’t do any good in any event, but I wouldn’t feel so like a sneak all the time. I do not want to make a howl for the benefit of the pub- lic, but to ease my own conscience.”’ ‘*And you are really going away?’’ ‘“You bet I am. The gang has got possession of this town, and no man with any self-respect will cater to it. I’m in business to make money if | can, and not make enemies, but this is getting too strong. Other merchants are going for the same reason. The old gang, the members of which have rela- tives in the State prison, can run the town if they can, but they can’t run me with it. And so you see why the store is like the Old Man of the Sea.’’ And a good many merchants are thinking the same way, but | never knew one to lose by modestly asserting his own opinions. Alfred B. Tozer. —___©# 62 Money Talks. Mr. Travelingman, you are not much of atalker. No, but there is $5,000 in the State Bank of Michigan which talks all the time. It says that the Exemplar sc cigar is clear Havana filler. Se SSS SSCS SOS SS SSSSSS Hood Rubbers First Every Time. Discount 25 and 5 per cent. Payable Dec. 1 Old Colony Best Seconds Made. Discount 25, 5 and 10 per cent. Payable Dec. 1. An extra 5 per cent. discount allowed if paid promptly Dec. 1 Hirth, Krause & Co., Grand Rapids, Mich, OODOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOG SSSSSSSSSSSSSees SSSSSSSSSOSSSSSSS Out of the Old Into the New e have moved across the street from our former location to the William Alden Smith building, corner South Ionia and Island streets, where we have much more floor space and greatly increased facilities for handling our rapidly growing business in boots, shoes and rubbers. The increased room will enable us to enlarge our line and serve our customers even more acceptably than we have undertaken to serve them in the past. Customers and prospective customers are invited to call and inspect our establishment when in the city. Geo. H. Reeder & Co., Grand Rapids. a (AaRaes IS ew. SN awe eS IS SS make SsSx SEDC Se SaaS SSeS SSS IIS} SASAaSaa= Sn ka= eras PSPS SOAS dS BeBASES cS ES eS ver ew PIAA EIS Se Distinct in Style Aas eS . WA CeeAaa Reliable for Wear Aare ess Ri h . P . BIPS ALSO NEED PEACHES, PLUMS, PEARS. WRITE Us. STRANGE & NOKES, crevecanp. ono. SE SE SE eR. Sa we a Geo. N. Huff & Co., f WHOLESALE DEALERS IN j Butter, Eggs, Poultry, Game, Dressed Meats, Etc. COOLERS AND COLD STORAGE ATTACHED. Consignments Solieited. 74 East Congress St., Detroit, Mich. ee eh oh oh oh oe he ee” Oe” We s your 9 Mich. ing the hat the 28 —'O m0 i on ©OOQOQOQOQOOOO > | bee Aich er i ss MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 87 ing, Mich., and started a factory under the name of the Ballou Basket Works, on a larger scale, manufacturing a larg- er variety of goods, and at present with- out question producing more factory, laundry and warehouse baskets than any other concern, the original plant in Becket coming in a close second. There are several other kinds of bas- kets which have attained more or less prominence for some purposes. The willow clothes basket is widely known and used. They are not made in facto- ries, but largely by families who eke out an existence selling them to some dealers. The round rattan cane made in limited numbers in several large cities, generally in basements, and entirely by hand work done by im- migrants largely—Germans and Russian Jews. The rattan trust makes a line of rattan goods in regular factory way. Baskets are also made from rawhide for some purposes, but are very expensive. Leatheroid baskets likewise have at- tained some standing and are frequently seen in wholesale dry goods houses. Slats interwoven with wire are used by one or two concerns, but are not a great success. The growing demand for fruit pack- ages and the surely-approaching scar- city of timber would seem to make higher prices for such goods an abso- lute necessity, else the timber will be used for other purposes. The future of this business is not overpromising from the fact that a large amount of capital is not necessary to embark ina small way and, deceived by the apparent vol- ume of business, many continue to rush in, only to find experience a dear teach- er. To secure trade, low prices are too frequently made, to the demoralization of legitimate profit. And while two or three years frequently terminates their existence, enough such concerns compel the older and well established to do business on very narrow margins of profit. What the next decade may bring forth, we are unable to prophesy. W. D. Ballou. baskets are ee ee Swiss Village’s Struggle With Mud. From the London Sphere. The village of Klosters, near Davos- Platz, Switzerland, at the top of the val- ley of Prattigau, is struggling under six feet of mud. High above it towers the Rhatikon, a stately range of mountains which have the nasty habit of occasion- ally sending an avalanche of mud and stones and trees down upon the inoffen- sive village which lies at its feet. Thirty years ago was the date of the last of these disasters until recently, when a heavy rainstorm brought down a mud avalanche on Klosters, which lies in front of an infold of the mountain. Enormous boulders were pitched for- ward like balls thrown in a giant’s game of skittles. —_—~»2.»—_—_ Tea Growing in South Carolina. From the Providence Journal. In South Carolina there is a tea farm where it is said that a very high grade of tea can be and is grown; indeed we are told that the tea raised there is now selling in the American market on its merits at the price of $1a pound, which is a higher price than most of the Chin- ese tea commands in the same market. To raise the leaf in this country re- quires special care and study and high- ly trained skill in curing, and that is the reason why the crop 1s not more generally tried in those portions of the South where the soil is favorable. ——__> 22> ___ Talk about rubbing it in! The Ger- man manufacturers of velvet ribbons have entered into an agreement by which prices of velvet ribbons which, as is well known, have been in such great demand of late, have been ma- terially advanced. His Wife Cost Her Weight in Gold. _'' There is an old lady living in Southern California, at the patriotic little mountain settlement known as American Flag, who is an object of much interest to strangers from the fact that she is probably the only woman on earth the valuation of whose person tver was literally appraised at her weight in gold,’’ said Major H. Gard- ner, late of the Census Bureau. ‘‘She is 68 years old now, and the widow of one Jesus Castro, a Mexican. This Mexican was one of the first min- ers who struck a fortune in gold in the pioneer days of California. He lived in the Santa Catalina Mountains and re- turned home more than loaded down with gold dust. He feli passionately in love with his brother’s daughter, a handsome girl of 17. She returned her uncle’s love and consented to marry him. The priest to whom they applied, learning of their close blood relation- ship, refused to marry them. Castro offered as high as $5,000 to the church as an inducement for the priest to per- form the marriage ceremony, but the offer was refused. Then, as the old widow's story goes, Castro asked what amount of wealth would induce him to marry them. The priest, with the in- tention and expectation of impressing Castro with the hopelessness of his ap- peal, replied: ‘* “The girl’s weight in gold.’ ‘*Now the Mexican maiden, while not being over-buxom, was well-to-do in figure for one of her age, but Castro did not even pause long enough to as- certain what her weight might be. He exclaimed : ‘* ‘Good, holy father!’ ‘*Then he ordered’ scales to be brovght, and, begging the girl to stand on one side of them, be poured glitter- ing gold dust into the other side until the precious stuff balanced the weight of his inamorata. The priest was dumb with amazement, and it was a long time before he recovered sufficiently to say the promised words that made the twain one. Castro had won his bride at the cost of 125 pounds of his hoarded goid. He had a snug lot left, however, and the story is that he lived long enough to see the time that he would have taken a great deal less than her weight in gold tor the wife on which his youthful ardor placed so great a value.’’ es The immense popularity of beaded bags and purses suggests the idea that some manufacturer get up a line of fin- ger purses in beaded effects. It does not seem by any means an impossibility to manufacture these goods, and it is more than likely that they would have a large sale. Possibly it might be well to have the beading on the back only, as if the flap were beaded it might not stand wear. =. BW.A-AW BW.@W-@W.@a.a.a. iain FOO O Or raw \ Complete and y \ New #& & Our new harness catalogue gives you lots of valu- able information about our har- nesses. If you have not one on your desk, write us and we will mail you the most complete harness catalogue that you could ask for. Every Harness in it is \ guaranteed by us. That’s worth something. \! Brown & Sehler Grand Rapids, Mich. ne Do You Know K.B.Simmons? | He has been for nearly ten years the Michigan representative for Foley & Company, | Manufacturers of The greatest Throat and Lung Remedy, Foley’s Foley’s Kidney Cure ..Cream and Banner Salve.. Give Simmons an order for the hest medicines and you will re- ceive the best line of -advertising furnished by any house in the ; business. All guaranteed preparations s . : : : et : : | : ASK YOUR JOBBER_ Fi Cerrone one Quality guaranteed. Works while you sleep. BURROWS YEAST FACTORY DETROIT, MICH. QCOHOQOQD@QQOOQO@QOODOQOQOO OQOOOQOQOQOOGO®O Michigan Fire and Marine Insurance Co. Organized 1881. Detroit, Michigan. Cash Capital, $400,000. Net Surplus, $200,000. Cash Assets, $800,000. D. WHITNEY, JR., Pres. D. M. Ferry, Vice Pres. F,. H. WHITNEY, Secretary. M. W. O’BRIEN, Treas. E. J. Boorn, Asst. Sec’y. DIRECTORS. D. Whitney, Jr., D. M. Ferry, F. J. Hecker, M. W. O’Brien, Hoyt Post, Christian Mack, Allan Sheldon, Simon J. Murphy, Wm. L. Smith, A. H. Wilkinson, James Edgar, H. Kirke White, H. P. Baldwin, Hugo Scherer, F. A. Schulte, Wm. V. Brace, James McMillan, F. E. Driggs, Henry Hayden, Collins B. Hubbard, James D. Standish, Theodore D. Buhl, M. B. Mills, Alex. Chapoton, Jr., Geo. H. Barbour, S. G. Gaskey, Chas. Stinchfield, Francis F. Palms, Wm. C. Yawkey, David C. Whit- ney, Dr. J. B. Book, Eugene Harbeck, Chas. F. Peltier, Richard P. Joy, Chas. C. Jenks. POOPQOOQOOQOQOOPDOQOOQOOQOOQDOOOOO QHOQDOQQDOOODO QDOGOOOODODOQDOOODES € PMODQDODOQOOQDOOQD® OODOQDOQDOQDOOQOOQODS QOOOOQDOOQOO® ®Q@OQOOQOQOQOOO® The above cut represents our grocery display counter. preciated. No. 1, like above cut, is fitted with plate glass, has 16 display fronts, and a paper rack the entire length, below that sliding doors. and back are so arrange io and 12 foot lengths. These counters should be seen to be ap- We build them in three different ways, all having a similarity in design. Quarter sawed oak top 1% inches thick. The projectiles both front that the feet never mar the wood work. With parties contemplating remodeling their stores we solicit correspondence It is handsomely finished buiit in as we will make special prices for complete outfits of store furniture. McGRAFT LUMBER CO., Muskegon, Mich. WK Rife z** x thhhh # x © ean, kh thik * % 3 Re ; mea sit Ft x * x x * wr *« >: wee x waye AOE XK ® -_ «£. =o he ER UhER Mee FR Rerakeac te ¥ 5C CIGAR SOLD BY ALL JOBBERS USE THE CELEBRATED Sweet Loma NEW SCOTTEN TOBACCO CO. FINE cur TOBACCO. (Against the Trust.) 3 4 ; 4 88 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Window Dressing Practical Hints in the Preparation of Show Windows. When shoes are carried in stock a neat arrangement of shoes and clothing is to put trousers on stands and stiffen the legs just enough to make them hold their position when they are drawn over the shoes on the floor. The shoes at the end of the trousers leg give a finished appearance that adds much to the effec- tiveness of a trim of clothing. Just be- hind the trousers the coat and vest of the suit are placed, so that the observer can see the general effect at a glance. + ££ & The most effective method of dis- playing fine hosiery is ona model of the human leg. The full beauty of fine open work in socks can not otherwise be shown to advantage nor can a cus- tomer see the precise effect of a pattern when worn, which is often quite differ- ent from its effect when displayed in the box. A trim of hosiery is therefore made much more effective by the dis- play of one or two of its patterns on models of the leg. Models in papier mache or wood are not expensive nor hard to obtain and will fully repay their cost, but for the benefit of small dealers who have more time and ingenuity than money to expend on window trims we suggest a method by which they can make as many plaster-of-Paris foot models as they please. All that is re- quired is a little ingenuity, some raw linseed oil and a quantity of plaster-of- Paris. Let the person who is to serve as model cover his lower limb thorough- ly with oil and then draw on a tightly fitting light cotton stocking thoroughly saturated with oil. This is to prevent the plaster-of-Paris sticking to the leg. After mixing a sufficient quantity of plaster-of-Paris with water to the con- sistency of cream and adding a handful of salt to make it harden quickly, take a pasteboard box large enough to con- tain the model’s lower leg in a natural posture and pour in the plaster-of-Paris to the depth of an inch. After the model has set his foot on this, fill the box with the liquid plaster-of-Paris to the nec- essary height and let it harden. The solid block of plaster can be partly sawed through and then gently broken by a small chisel along the line of the Saw-cuts so as to separate the block into a few large pieces that will fit together. After the mold thus formed has been thoroughly saturated with oil to prevent the plaster sticking, it may be filled with plaster-of-Paris and the required foot form made. If the pieces of the mold are well oiled they will come apart without difficulty and may be used again and again. Care should be taken to mix enough plaster-of-Paris at the start, as it hardens quickly, and when once hard will not unite with fresh liquid plaster. Models thus made can be tinted with flesh color and if used carefully will last a long time. + + * The length of time that a trim should be in a window depends on the nature of the goods displayed and on the char- acter of the business done. Ina large city store windows are changed at least once a week and more often twice a week. Delicate fabrics are injured by light and dust if they remain in the window long, and this is particularly true of goods exhibited in windows that are not shut off from the store. It is far better to trim windows simply and change them often than to trim them elaborately and let them stand until the goods are dusty or faded. When trims are changed the windows should be cleaned. Obvious as this seems, one is sometimes surprised to see how the cleanliness of windows, especially win- dows kept heavily trimmed, is neg- lected. A window ought to be thorough- ly swept and dusted at the very least every time a newtrim is put in. The merchant always loses by carelessness in this matter. If the dust is visible it spoils the effect of the trim; if it is in- visible, it is still there to work into the texture of goods and to injure or to ruin them. Elaborate trims are particularly in need of attention of this kind. It is the only way in which the freshness of goods can be preserved. * * x attraction for a window can be made with a spider-web. Stout cords of the color and diameter pre- ferred can be drawn across the middle of the window and tied together after the fashion of the strands of aweb. The web should be drawn tightly, but will look all the better if there is a little ir- regularity about it. A toy spider can be placed at the center, if preferred, and the meshes of the web used for hos- lery and neckwear. Against a black background a carefully strung web of white would be particularly effective. a A New Definition. Aunt Rhoda—Did you know ‘’t Merry Jane Preskitt hed merried a Unitarian? Aunt Hitty—A Unitarian! Fur the land's sake, what's that? Them as only eats vegetables? Oe A. striking The new broom corn crop is off at $100 per ton. control all total crop. Starting The trust claims to but about 1,000 tons of the The——<=. Gregg System Dicithan@ Brief, No Position, Legible, No Shading, Speedy. Easy to Write. Easy to Read, Easy to Learn. Superior, Investigate It. wo Gy pewtiting oy” Touch Method Bd In Fact the Latest and .. Bestin.. Business, Shorthand and ‘yeas Taught at the GRAND RAPIDS BUSINESS UNIVERSITY 75=77-79=81-83 Lyon St., Grand Rapids, Mich. For Printed Matter Address A. S. Parish. SHIRTS When in Lansing stop in and leave your measure with COLLVER > He makes them to fit you; also Collars, Cuffs and Underwear to order. Write for measurement blanks. COLLVER SHIRT FACTORY 103 Washtenaw St. E., Lansing, Mich. ‘Weeceeecececececeeecececececeeecececeecececeeececee” Frank T. Collver. 47??? 339 3393339333933d99 .. WHEN BUYING .. : STRAW Always Remember and ‘cao with MICHIGAN PRODUCE CO., Lansing, Mich. The Largest Hay Shippers in the State. Warehouses at Lansing, Mason, Grand Ledge, Perry. PSALMS ™ = BPP IG GIL PALI AA The Victor Incandescent Vapor Lamp Produces too Candle Power 3214 hours on a consumption of two quarts of gasoline. Ap- proved by the National Board of Underwriters, Chicago. Made in fifteen different styles from Solid Brass, beautifully finished and guaran- teed ONE YEAR. Street Lamps in Three Styles The Cheapest and Best method of lighting any city. Avoid combinations. Municipal owner- ship is the watch word. Write for ‘The Book.” It shows styles and prices, Department 22 The Reserve Foundry and Mfg. Co. Cleveland, Ohio ODORS TOE CHeHOHOCHS HOROHCHOCOHC HO ROROROROROROHOHOECE Can not stand still, Must go forward or backward. ward. They’re better now than ever. NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY. & | ~ We i ? : BPEPPPF RGGI MPASAINMS > = 6 BS , = 22 oe De CHORONSC HOCONSC HO COROROEORONC HOROHO ve , or MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 89 Commercial Travelers Michigan Knights of the Grip President, E. J. SCHREIBER, Bay City; Sec- retary, A. W. Stirr, Jackson; Treasurer, O. C. GOULD, Saginaw. Michigan Commercial Travelers’ Association President, A. MARYMONT, Detroit; Secretary and Treasurer, GEo. W. HILL, Detroit. United Commercial Travelers of Michigan Grand Counselor, J. E. Moor, Jackson; Grand Secretary, A. KENDALL, Hillsdale; Grand Treasurer, W. S. Mest, Jackson. Grand Rapids Council No. 131, U. ¢. 7. Senior Counselor, JoHN G. Koup; Secretary- Treasurer, L. F. Baker. Michigan Commercial Travelers’ Mutual Accident Association President, J. BOYD PANTLIND, Grand Rapids; Secretary and Treasurer, GEO. F. OWEN, Grand Rapids. Quarterly Meeting of Board of Directors M. K. of G. Jackson, Sept. 6—The regular quar- terly meeting of the Board of Directors of the Michigan Knights of the Grip was called to order by President Schrei- ber at the Vincent House, Saginaw, Saturday, Sept. 1. In a few remarks he encouraged every member of the Board by calling attention to the prog- ress we are making, and the able man- ner in which our work is being pushed forward by those assisting him; he spoke of the Northern mileage book and complimented Mr. Waldron. chairman of the Railroad Committee, for the ex- cellent work done by him. The Secretary’s report of receipts since the last meeting was read, ap- proved and placed on file, as follows: GENERAL FUND RECEIPTS. 1900 Annual dues 1537 to 1576............. $ 42 00 GENERAL FUND DISBURSEMENTS. Aug. 4—To O. C. Gould, Treasurer. check ee ee $ 35 00 Aug. 27—ToO. C. Gould, Treasurer, check NO 7 00 $ 4200 DEATH FUND RECEIPTS. Asst. No. 1—1298 to 1308...................$ 20 0 ba goa! 2590 00 2610 00 DEATH FUND DISBURSEMENTS, June 23—To O. C. Gould, Treas., check eo a ee 600 00 July 7—To O. C. Gould, Treas., check No 6................ July 14—To O. C. Gould, Treas., check , a 10 00 a July 21—To O. C. Gould, Treas., check Ne 6 300 00 Aug 4—To O. C. Gould, Treas., check Mo 490 ee. 150 00 Aug. 27—To 0. C. Gould, Treas., check ee 60 90 $2610 00 DEPOSIT FUND RECEIPTS. 15 New members, $2 each........-- ---€ 2000 Cad mermpers.... ee. 15 00 $ 45 00 DEPOSIT FUND DISBURSEMENTS. Aug. 27—To O. C. Gould, Treas., check ee a $ 45 00 TOTAL RECEIPTS. eaten tune $2610 00 meres fed. 42 00 Deposit fund... ..........----..---.---.-. 45 00 $2697 00 The Treasurer’s report was read and approved, as follows: General fund receipts........ ------..... $ 519 73 Death . eee cee 1599 59 Deposit ‘ le 116 0 Cae $2235 32 General fund disbursements........ .....$ 435 21 Death = SF 2300 00 Deposit ‘ ee 71 00 Wega se 8s Senee ot Balance on hand general fund............$ 84 52 - = dewte 399 59 “t ne ** deposit ‘“ 45 00 A $ 529 11 Received for expenses of Mrs. Tenant i 47 16 Grand total for all funds on hand... $576 27 The Finance Committee reported that the reports of the Secretary and Treasurer were correct. Adopted. The report of the Secretary on the Mrs. Tenant fund was approved and accepted, as follows: Received up to present time..... ........$ 241 90 Paid to Mrs. Tenant fund..........-..-.-- Expenses on this fund as follows: Printing circular letters, envelopes and receipt DOOKS...... .---..--+2+-++-2:::+-8 15 80 Postage on circular letters and receipts... 31 36 ‘ 47 16 Remitted to Treasurer Gould, expenses Se SO. $ 47 16 Cash on hand in bank..........-.-------+- 93 74 for which | submit statement from bank. I feel that our President and Board of Directors should be proud of our mem- bers for the cheerful and hearty man- ner in which they have contributed, and I] wish to apologize to you for those who have failed to contribute. It is not that they did not want to do so, but most of our members are very busy men and are apt to forget the small things. I do not believe we have a member who would not give if he understood the case as we do. We received from one member a $10 check ; two $5 checks; quite a number of $2.50 and $2; a few of 50 and 25 cents each, but the average amount for each was $1, all of which I respectfully submit to you. Moved by Treasurer Gould that the $47.16, the expense of sending out the special letter, paid from the general fund, be returned to the general fund. Carried. Mr. Howarn, who was appointed at the last Board meeting to investigate the claim of Mrs. Ester Goldman, mother of the late Ruben Goldman, of Detroit, reported as follows: 1 have found nothing in the way of evidence that would go to show that Mr. Goldman had any knowledge that he had consumption at the time of mak- ing application for membership in this order, therefore I would recommend that his claim be allowed. I would further recommend, in view of the fact that he left an invalid child and a wife without any visible means of support, that the claim of $500 be made _ payable in full to Mrs. Jennie Goldman, wife of deceased, and that we ignore the claim of Mrs. Ester Goldman, mother of de- ceased. Mr. Howarn moved that the _ full amount of the claim be paid to Mrs. Jennie Goldman, wife of Ruben Gold- man. After a lengthy and careful dis- cussion by all members of the Board, the motion was unanimously carried and the Secretary was instructed to no- tify Mrs. Ester Goldman, mother of the late Ruben Goldman, that after careful investigation her claim of $250 was found invalid. The following claims were approved and allowed : No. 4,910. Ruben Goldman, Detroit, died May 11 of tuberculosis. Wife beneficiary. No. 4,964. Clarence R. Vane, Chi- ago,died May 12 of apoplexy. Daughter beneficiary. No. 3474. John Smyth, Grand Rap- dis, died May 26 of apoplexy. Wife beneficiary. No. 62. John N. Alexander, Lansing, died July 12 of nervous trouble. Wife beneficiary. No. 2,280. M. F. Conine, Plainwell, died Aug. 20 of paralysis. Wife benefi- ciary. . President Schreiber called on Mr. Waldron, chairman of the Railroad Committee, who explained the railroad situation fully, and offered the follow- ing resolution: Whereas—The commercial travelers of Michigan, by their persistent agita- tion and earnest efforts for years, awak- ened the. Michigan railroads to the point where they deemed it expedient to ac- quiesce to such appeal and very largely through the instrumentality of the or- ganization of the Michigan Knights of the Grip, working in conjunction with the said railroads, the Northern mileage book was the outcome; and Whereas—The Northern mileage book has proven to be one that is satisfactory to the traveling fraternity, and to show our appreciation of the good faith of those who now make up this member- ship of the Northern Mileage Bureau, and to also express our feelings, with reference to the withdrawal of the Lake Shore Railway, we submit the following resolutions; therefore be it Resolved—Tbat the Michigan roads who now make up the Northern Mile- age Bureau be made to feel that we ap- preciate their efforts in the past, with reference to the Northern interchange- able mileage book,and do not hesitate to pronounce it the best mileage book in existence in the United States. Resolved—That we heartily appre- ciate the stamina manifested by the present members of the Northern Mile- age Bureau by their insisting on such a book, as they know meets the views and wishes of the traveling public. Resolved—That we emphatically ex- press our disapproval of the action of the Lake Shore Railway, in withdraw- ing from the Northern Mileage Bureau, and construe such action on the part of said railway as manifestly ignoring the wishes of the Michigan traveling pub- lic, and in direct antagonism of their best interests, and the only natural out- come of such action is that the Michi- gan Knights of the Grip and commer- cial travelers generally will influence their business in the territory covered by the said Lake Shore and divert such business to the members of the North- ern Mileage Bureau, wherever possible, and further enlist the shipping inter- ests of the State in the same direction. Resolved—That the Michigan Knights of the Grip take up this subject with their sister organizations in Ohio and Indiana, and assist them wherever pos- sible in their efforts to have the form and uses of the Northern mileage book extended to their territory, thus doing away with the present friction existing between the Northern and Central ter- ritory. . The resolutions were adopted by the Board. Mr. Howarn offered the following res- olution, which was adopted: Whereas—Our Committee on Rail- roads has taken up the matter of the mileage question and the withdrawal of the L. S. & M. S. Railway from the Northern Mileage Bureau ; therefore be it Resolved—That the Board of Direc- tors of the Michigan Knights of the Grip, in regular meeting assembled, heartily commend the good work and zeal of our Railroad Committee, under the able management of its chairman, E. P. Waldron, and that we realize that the railroad interests of our organization are amply safeguarded in the hands of this competent Committee. Mr. Gould moved that the Secretary confer with the various organizations of commercial men in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and ask for their co-operation with us in our efforts to extend the Northern Mileage Bureau. Adopted. The following report was received and adopted : Your Committee on Amendments to the Constitution, appointed to investi- gate the advisability of amending the constitution by changing the present application blank, with a view to ex- cluding undesirable applicants on ac- count of disability or bodily ailments, deem it inadvisable to change the pres- ent form of application, believing that the present form covers all requirements of a benevolent organization. Mr. Weston moved that the Secretary be instructed to send out the assess- ment notices with two cent stamps. Carried. The following resolution was offered by President Schreiber : Whereas—Article VII., Sec. 1, of the constitution provides that the annual meeting shall be held on the last Tues- day and Wednesday of each year, unless either of such days falls on a holiday, when the same shall be called at such a time as may be decided upon by the Board of Directors, and Whereas—Christmas of this year falls on Tuesday ; be it therefore Resolved—That the annual meeting of the Michigan Knights of the Grip be held on Thursday and Friday, Decem- ber 27 and 28, 1900. Carried. Director Randall moved that an as- sessment be called Sept. 10 to close Oct. to. Carried. Mr. Smith moved that the Secretary be allowed $50 for postage for next as-. sessment. Carried. Mr. Smith moved that a_ special Board meeting be held in Detroit, Nov. 17 at the Griswold House. Carried. The following bills were allowed : Hunt Printing Co..... ee $ 34 64 C. & J. Gregory, printing.........-.------- 3 25 unanimously Office supplies........-.-. --.+ +252 2225 00+ 6 63 AY W. Stitt, stamps....-... ..-..---------.- 50 00 Seeretary’s salary ........-------------+++-- 141 00 reasurer’s S@Mry._...-...-.-..-....-..... 53 04 A. W. Stitt, stamps July 31.........------- 60 00 EXPENSES OF BOARD MEETING. me Ss sebpomer. |... 68.) 3 02 Geo. H. Randall........ ....-..-..«-....... 3 02 oA Westen... ...---.... 5... 6 31 MME Secuwer. ........ 8 20 Mm Mowat .-. 4 88 Aw ote... 7 On motion of Mr. Gould, the follow - ing resolution was adopted : Resolved—That pending the invita- tion from any city for the annual meet- ing of the Michigan Knights of the Grip,the President is hereby authorized to locate at his discretion the place of meeting. The following resolutions was unani- mously adopted : Whereas—The genial proprietors of the Hotel Vincent have extended so many courtesies to this Board and their ladies on the occasion of the quarterly Board meetings; be it therefore Resolved—That a_ rising vote of thanks be tendered the proprietors of this popular hostelry for the kind treat- ment and many favors extended; and be it further Resolved—That these resolutions be spread on the minutes of the meeting and a copy be transmitted to Messrs. Peterson & Clark; also that these reso- lutions be published in the Michigan Tradesman, Storekeeper and other trade journals. President Schreiber complimented the Board on the careful, earnest work done by each of them, from 8 a. m. until 5 p. m., except a short time taken for lunch. He spoke of the different com- mittees and the work they are doing and felt we had made no mistake in our selection of members of the Board. Al W. Stitt, See’ y- Se He Understood the Situation. Teacher—If your father gave your mother $3 to-day and $10 to-morrow, what would she have? Small Boy—She'd have a fit. Geo. S. Smith 99 N. Ionia St. 7 insane a Store an ice : Grand Rapids, Mich. MAKER OF Fixtures We make to order only. We make them right, too. Maybe you wish to know more about it; if you do, send in your plans and let me fig- ure with you. If I furnish plans I charge a fair price for them, but they are right. TOSSES SSS SSS OOO OOO SOON BUY COMEGE- Young men and women admitted any week in the year Every graduate secures employment. Living expenses low. Write for catalogue. E. C. BISSON, Muskegon, Mich. American Jewelry Co., Manufacturers and Jobbers of Jewelry and Novelties 45 and 46 Tower Block, Grand Rapids, Mich. Bryan Show Cases Always please. Write for handsome new catalogue. Bryan Show Case Works, Bryan, Ohio. oh 90 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN WHOLESALE DRUG TRADE. Some Important Changes Within Four Decades. If a drug jobber of 1860 should awake from a Rip Van Winkle sleep in 1900 at the same desk and, with the drug documents before him of the present day, begin his daily routine of work, he would be lost indeed. Should the power be given him to go back and pick up the threads of the changes that have taken place, to bring him up to date, he would have many surprises and too much to learn for the few years in which he had to live. Drugs in plenty, chemicals and essen- tial oils in good supply, he had; patent medicines, pharmaceutical preparations and medicated plasters in very limited quantity. I believe I am right in stat- ing that in the ’60s there was only one prominent manufacturer of fluid ex- tracts and pharmaceutical preparations, while to- day the druggists a are e supplied /macist, but a middleman, distributing patent medicines, pharmaceutical prep- arations, patented chemicals, etc. He finds that his careful study and knowl- edge of the drug business proper are now of little use to him, manufacturers do- ing all the work for him, posting the retail druggist and physician with lit- erature covering the medicinal value and beauty of their productions. The nauseous castor oil is now in cap- sules and the hitter aloes in sugar coated pills and all other crude drugs he formerly sold are now administered in tasteless form. The success of the wholesale drug business of to-day depends upon care- ful buying and _ stocking only the best drugs and essential oils and products of the most carefully managed laboratories. It is said that there is a patent medi- cine born every hour of the day. An- other authority says, ‘‘Out of the five thousand patent medicines put on the by seven or eight very y large ir institutions. | ods each year, tote than « one e hundred The line is growing and is developing into one of great importance. He would find his crude drugs being sold in the form of tablets, pills and fluid extracts. The mortar and pestle are under the counter, the pill machine is on a back shelf, and the plaster iron has been lost sight of. He would find his large paint, oil, varnish and brush trade in the hands of a few manufacturers selling direct to his customers, with the excep- tion of the staples on which there is no profit, such as lead, oil and turpentine. In dye stuff, his carload orders for log- wood, nickwood, fustic, ceroons of cochineal and many other articles used in family dyeing have passed to package dyes and anilines. During his sleep the drug sundry business was greatly enlarged upon and then passed to the bazaar and dry goods stores ; in fact, he finds himself no long- er a drug dealer, catering to the phar- survive. Therefore much _ caution must be used in buying this line, so as not to accumulate dead stock by pur- chasing the forty-nine hundred that do not succeed. Great care is necessary in the conduct of the business, and, not- withstanding the enormous amount of poison handled by the jobber, I do not know of an instance where carelessness on his part has caused a single fatality. Credits are more closely looked to than formerly and time is reduced. The suc- cessful retai] drug merchant of the day discounts his bills, and at the present time 75 per cent. of the accounts of the drug jobber take care of themselves. in olden times four months was_ given. This has been reduced to sixty days and the question of thirty days’ time is now being agitated. The wholesale drug business was never in so healthful a condition as at present. Sales are very large and col- lections good. Prices are fairly steady and no radical changes are expected for the remainder of the year. Henry B. Fairchild. The Drug Market. Opium—Is_ steady and price un- changed. Morphine—Is steady. Quinine —There has been no change in price during the past week. German and American manufacturers are both selling at the same price. Alcohol—Advanced 4c per gallon on Friday, on account of the improved de- mand and small stocks, and higher prices for corn. Cantharides—Are very scarce and the price is very firm. Cocaine—Manufacturers have ad- vanced their price 75c per ounce, due to the active demand and small stocks, both here and abroad. Raw material is also scarce. Cocoa Butter—Prices are firm and have again advanced. Cod Liver Oil—Is firm. As the con- suming season is at hand, higher prices are looked for. Nitrate Silver—Has been advanced Ic per ounce, on account of higher prices for metal. Essential Oils—Caraway seea has ad- vanced, on account of higher price for] seed. Cedar leaf is very scarce and has almost doubled in price in the last three months. Pennyroyal has declined. Wormwood is lower. Gum Camphor—Is very firm at the recent advance and higher prices are looked for. Golden Seal—Is very firm. Stocks are small and the demand is good. Linseed Oil—Has declined. a Burning Your Money. Instead of burning your money why not burn the Exemplar 5c cigar and get the worth of your money? ws oe RR OR > R.A It pays to push Maus’ Headache Powders 25c size $1 35 per doz. j .50 per doz. f ee EE SO OR OR OR ORE SE 10c size we. OR eR OS a. a. as ee. ee. fA beautiful SPATULA § f free with the first or- der of one dozen or § § more. §§ Ask your jobber to { § send you a dozen with § your next order or § { write Snel Drug Store} f j a f Kalamazoo, Mich EH. Oe OR . GE eR TE OE ee desirable patterns. at VERY LOW PRICES. ee ee ee 00 YOU SELL WALL PAPER | If so, you of course desire to see the line that is the most advantageous for you to buy from a point of profit and selection. emphatically that we will show for the coming g season the Finest and Most Select assortment of Wall Paper on the market. with extreme care the best and most salable pat- terns from the very foremost factories in the U.S. Our Prices Will Certainly Interest You In addition to our new line we have to offer over 1,000,000 rolls of Snaps in Wall Papers of very We purchased the entire stock on hand of two of the leading factories, therefore we are in position and will offer these your interest to defer placing any orders for Wall Papers, whether for immediate or future use, until you see our assortment. will call in due season or, if not soon enough, write us and we will gladly send samples. HEYSTEK & CANFIELD CO. The Michigan Wall Paper Jobbers We want to say We have selected It will be decidedly to Our salesman iain si es iiesiaiee ceili iia all Grand Rapids, Mich. i a eR Pi aesetite's i ie MICHIGAN TRADESMAN WHOLESALE DRUG PRICE CURRENT Advanced—( ‘ocaine, i. Nitrate ee Oil ¢ ‘ed: Declined— Oil Wormwood, (il P ennyroyal, Linseed Oli, Acidum Aceticum .... -$ 6@$ 8 Benzoicum, German. 70@ 75 Borger... .....:...... co Carbolicum.......... 30@ = 42 Crrieum...:......... 45Q@ 48 Hydrochlor......... oa. «CG Nisrocum ............ 8s@ 10 Oxalioum............ 122@ 14 Phosphorium, dil... @ 15 Salicylicum ......... 55 «60 Sulphuricum ........ 1%@ 5 Tanmieum ........... 1 10@ 1 20 Tartaricum ......... 38@ 40 Ammonia Aqua, 16 deg......... 41@ 6 Aqua, 20 ae pace coe. Co 8 Carbonas .. ee Cileridum........... 1@ 14 Aniline Ben. 2 00@ 2 25 cae. 80@ 1 00 MOG. oo... 50 Ca 2 50@ 3 00 Bacce Cubebs........ po, 25 = 24 JURIBOrUS...........- 8 Xanthoxylum ....... Bs 80 Balsamum (opaiba............. W@ 956 Perm 1 85 Terabin, Canada.. @ 45 Téelagan. |. 40@ 45 Cortex Abies, Canadian..... 18 Cansiae.. coc... 12 Cinchona Flava. .... 18 EKuonymus atropurp. 30 Myrica Cerifera, po. 20 Prunus Virgini...... 12 Quillaia, gr’d........ 12 Sassafras...... po. 15 12 Ulmus...po. 15, gr’d 15 Extractum Glycyrrhiza Glabra. 24@ 25 Glyey — IO... 23@ 30 Heematox, 15 lb. box M@ WW Heematox, 1s see 13@ 14 Hlaematox, %S....... M@ 15 Hematox, 148....... 16@ 17 Ferru Carbonate Precip... 15 Citrate and Quinia.. 2 25 Citrate Soluble...... 75 Ferrocyanidum Sol.. 40 Solut. Chloride. ..... 15 Sulphate, com’l..... 3 Sulphate, com’l, — bbl, per cwt.. 80 Sulphate, pure.. Boas ce 7 Flora Armies. 0...5.:.... I 3S Anthemis.........--. 22@ «2 Matricaria........... 30@ = 35 Folia Barosma. 28@ 30 Cassia Acutifol, Tin- nevelly .. 20@ 2 Cassia, Acutifol, Ais. 23@ 30 Salvia officinalis, %4 WM AGS (oo. 12@ 20 0 S See. 8@ 10 Gummi Acacia, 1st ee @ 65 Acacia, 2d picked.. @ 4 Acacia, 3d picked... @ 35 Acacia, sifted sor ts. -@ 2 Aeaeta, pe..-.... .--- 45@ 65 Aloe, Barb. po.18@20 12@ 14 Aloe, Cape....po. 15. @ i Aloe, Socotri. -— 40 @ 30 Ammoniae........... 55@ 60 Assafeetida.. po. 30 28@ 30 Benzoinum.......... 50 55 Cateehu, 1S.......... @ 138 Catechu, 4S........- @ 14 Catechu, 4S......... @ 116 Camphore .......... 69@ 73 Euphorbium. .. po. 35 @ 4 Galbanum..........- @ 1 00 Gamboge ........- po 65@ 70 Guaiacum...... po. 25 @ 30 Kino........po. $0.75 @ 77 Mase ck: @ 60 yrrh.. -po. 45 @ 40 Opii. . _po. 4. 80@5. 0? 3 50@ 3 60 Shella ac Ce a ca ciwe 23@ 35 Shellac, bleached.... 40@ 45 Tragacanth .......... 50@ = 80 Herba Absinthium..oz. pkg 25 7 atorium..oz. pkg 2 Me... .. oz. pkg 25 en .0z. pkg 28 Mentha Pip. .0z. pkg 23 Mentha Vir..oz. pkg 25 Rue... ...... oz. pkg 39 Tanacetum V oz. pkg 22 Chymus, V...oz. pkg 2 Magnesia Calcined, Pat........ 55@ 60 Carbonate, Pat...... 18@ 20 Carbonate, K.& M.. 18@ 2 ‘arbonate, Jennings 18@ 2 Oleum Absinthium......... 5 75@ 6 00 Amygdalz, Dulc.. 38@ «65 —e Amare. : 00@ 8 25 ede auec es 2 10@ 2 20 horas Cortex...... 2 25@ 2 30 Bergamii............ 2 75@ 2 85 Oneness. 80@ 8 Caryophylli.......... 75@ 80 ar. ae Chenopadii.. Ses a @ 275 Cinnamonii ......... 1 30@ 1 40 Citronella ........... 33@ 40 | Conium Mac Jonium Mac......... 50G 60 | | seine Co. @ 50 | COpat a 1 15@ 1 25 | Tolutan.. See @ 50 [Cupene 1 20@ 1 25! Prunus virg. ce edes @ 50 | a - +s. 1 00@ 1 10] Ti | Erigeron ............ 100@ 1 10! spear Gaultheria . _.. 2 00@ 2 10 | Aconitum Napellis R 60 Geranium, ounce.. @ 75) Aconitum — F 50 2m Sem. Bal. 50@ ~=—-gg. | Aloes . 60 Hedeoma............ 1 60@ 1 65 | Aloes and Myrrh... 60 | Junipera .. og 50@, 2 00 | si... 50 _Lavendula .......... 90@ 2 00 | AsSafortida.......... 50 Limonis . 1 40@ 1 59 | Atrope Belladonna.. 60 Mentha Piper... 1 2%@ 2 09 | Auranti Cortex...... 50 Mentha Verid. 1 50@ 1 60 | Benzoin............. 60 Morrhue, ‘gal. . 1 20@ 1 95 | Benzoin Co.... 50 Myre 4 00@ 4 50 | Cent 50 Olive . 7x@ 3 09 | Canthar ides - 75 Picis Liquida.... ||. 10@ 12 re apsicum ............ 50 Pieis L tquida, al. @ 35|Cardamon.... ...... 75 Rieina. i com 1 08 Cardamon CO... 75 Rosmarini.. @ 1 00 CE ee 1 00 Rose, ounce..... 6 00@ 6 50 | Catechu ............. 50 Sacer 40@ 45 | Cinchona ............ 50 oe ie o----- 60 Santay 2 75@ 7 09 | Columba ............ - Sassafras... 50@ 55 | Cubebe.. 50 Sinapis, ess., ounce @ 65 | Cassia Acutifol.... 50 Tiglii . _.... 150@ 1 60 | Cassia Acutifol Co.. 50 Thyme... eee eee 40@ 50 | — Pattee n casas = hyme, opt.......... 50 | 20 rei EY 16% 20 : ee Chloridum -- 35 Potassium Gastion Ga.” " : 60 BlGarp 15@ 18| Guiaca.. ce 50 Bichromate ......... 13@ 15 | Guiaca ammon...... 60 Bromide ............ 52@ 57} Hyoseyamus......... 50 Carb _.... 12@ 15| Iodine .... aa. 75 Chlorate... PO. 17419 16@ 18 | lodine, colorless. --. 75 Cyanide . ee ee 50 Ogee 2 68@ 2 65 | Lobelia .............. 50 Potassa, Bitart, pure 28@ 30] Myrrh............... 50 Potassa, Bitart, com. @ 15} Nux Vomica.. : 50 Potass Nitras, - 7h «6 10| OPI 75 Potass Nitras. . 6@ 8 | Opii, comphorated.. 50 Prassiate,.(/ 000 23@ 26 | Opii, deodorized..... 1 50 Sulphate po......... 1n@ «18 | Quassia,. 50 Radix | a 50 . | Bnei... 50 Aconitum............ 2@ 251 Sanguinaria . 50 é thee cotttttseeeeess 22@ 25 | Serpentaria......... 50 Anehnsa lO | Stromonium......... 60 Arum - @ 25} Tolutan ...... 69 Calamus........... 20@ 40) Valerian |... “igs 5y) Gentiana...... “po. 15 12@ 15) Veratrum Veride.. 50 Glychrrhiza...pv.15 16@ 18 | Zingiber. 2 Hydrastis Canaden CO oe ’ Hydrastis Can., po.. @ 80) Miscellaneous Hellebore, Alba. 122@ 15| ther, Spts. sags F 20@ 323 Inula, po.. 4 99 | ther, Spts. Nit.4F H@ 38 Ipecac, po... 425Q@ 435) Alwmon.. 7... 24@ 3 Iris plox.. -po. 35@38 35@ 40; Alumen, gro’d. .po. 7 3@ 4 Jalapa, pr. _.. 25q@a 36) ADBAMO » 50 Maranta, 4s. lo @ 35/| Antimoni, to 41@ 5 Podophyllum, po... 22@ 25| Antimonie Potass T 40@ 50 Bae 75@ 1 00 | — : @ 25 Iie: Get. @ 1 25} Antifebrin ..... @ 2 oe 75@ 1 35 | Argenti Nitras, OZ... @ 60 Spigelia . wees. 35@ ~~ 38] Arsenicum . 10@ 12 Sanguinari ia. "po. 15 @ ig | Balm Gilead Buds. 33@ 40 Serpentaria . oe 40@ 45 | Bismuth S. N.. . 190@ 2 00 Senega . 30@ 65 | Calcium Chlor., Is... @ 9 Smilax, officinalis H. @ 40/| Calcium Chlor., 48. @ wW Smilax, M........... @ 2%|Caleium Chlor., 4s... @ 12 Seillz . 0. 35 10@ 12} ee Rus. _ @ Symplocarpus, Foeti- | Capsici Fructus, a @ tb @us, 00... @ 2%) Capsici Fructus, po. @ 165 v aleriana, Eng. po. 30 @ 2% | Capsici Fructus B, po @ 16 Valeriana, German. 15@ 20/| Caryophyllus..po.15 12@ = 14 Zingiber &........... 12@ 16| Carmine, No. 40..... @ 3 00 Zingiber j.6.... 235@ 27 | Cera Alba.. --- BO@ 55 Relien | Cera Flava.......... 40@ 42 : : 1 Coens... : @ 40 Anisum . -po. 15 G # | Cassia Fructus.. @ 35 ro ged (graveleons). 13@ 15) Centraria.. @ ie Bird, @ 6) Cetaceum.. a @ 4 coe ae po. 12@ 13/C hloroform ..... 55@, «60 Cardamon........ 25@ 1 75 | Chloroform, squibbs @ 1 10 Coriandrum........ 8@ 10 | Chloral Hyd Crst.... 1 65@ 1 90 Cannabis Sativa..... 4 @ 5 | Chondrus ;........ .. 2a |S Cydonium: ......... 75@ 1 00} Cinchonidine,P.& W 38s@_ 48 Chenopodium ....... 10@ 12! Cinchonidine, Germ. 38@ 48 Dinterix Odorate.... 1 00@ 1 10! Coeaine .... 6 55@ 6 7! Foeniculum.......... @ 10! Corks, list, dis. pr. et. 70 — po. ..... 7@ 9 | Creosotum........... @ i ae 34%@ 4%} Creta......... bbl. 75 @ 2 Lini, grd. a “bbl. ‘3% 4@ 4% | Creta, prep.......... @ 5 Lobena 35m «40 | Creta, precip........ @ 11 Pharlaris Canarian... 4%4@ 5] Greta, Rubra... .... @ 8 Rapa . ---- 4%4@ 5 Chee . Ba Sinapis ‘Alba.. o@ 16) Cadbear. ........... @ 2 Sinapis Nigra.. 11@ 12] Cupri Sulph......... 64@ 8 ekitine | Dextrine . 7@ 10 Frumenti, W. D. Co. 2 00@ 2 50} + sah — mh bi = . Frumenti, D. F.R.. 2 00@ 2 25| ,mery3 numbers. a Bee a oe met Se @ 6 Primpenti........ 1 25@ 1 50) pp 0.90 85 90 | Juniperis Co. O. T... 1 65@ 2 00 ig White. —_— L@ 1 Juniperis Co.. L715) S50 are ‘@ ne Saacharum N.E.... 190@ 2 10! a ee ia Spt. Vini Galli —— = | Gambier . a 8@ 9 pt. Vini Galli....... 1 75@ 6 50| Gelatin, Cooper. .... @ 60 ——o ++ oe 00 | ( Gelatin, French. .... 33@ 60 IMt Alba.........--. 1 25@ 2 00 | Glassware, flint, box 75 & & Sponges | Less than box..... 70 Florida sheeps’ wool | Glue, brown......... N@ 13 carriage........... 2 50@ 2 75 Glue, white. ........ ,@ % Nassau sheeps’ wool Glycerina. . --- W4@ 2B earriage.. 9 50@ 2 75| Grana Paradisi.. \ @ Bb Velvet extra sheeps’ Humulus - 4 55 wool, carriage. .... @ 1 50 | Hydrarg Chior Mite @ % Extra yellow sheeps’ ; Hydrarg Chior Cor.. @ 85 wool, carriage i @ 1 % Hydrarg Ox Rub’m. @ 1 05 Grass sheeps’ wool, Hydrarg Ammoniati @ 117 carriage . @ 100; Hy drargUnguentum 50@ 60 Hard, for slate use. @ 75 Hydrargyrum ....... @ 8 Yellow Reef, for — olla, AM... 65@ ; = é , ee eas ndl ae a atl — tn ‘odie, Resubi.. ae 3 85@ 4 00 Syrups lodoform.. ..... 3 85@ 4 00 Acacia . ne @ 650) Lupulin.. @ 50 Auranti Cortex...... @ 50 Lycopodium. . 70@ 75 PIASIDOE ... 1... @ 50} Macis 65@ 75 Epecac. ._----.-. @ 60° Liquor “Arsen et Hy- Ferri pec G@ 50 rarg Iod.. @ 2 Rhei Arom.......... @ 50 LiquorPotassArsinit 10@ 12 Smilax "Ofticinalis 50@ 60; Magnesia, Sulph.. @ 8s BeORGRAG ew... 5: @ 50/| Magnesia, Sulph, bbl @ 1% Bete set @ 60! Mannia,&, F.. 60 a | Seidli 22 | Menthol... 2... 2.2... @ 3 tz Mixture..... 20€ Linseed, pure raw 65 68 Morphia, S., P.& W. 2 25@ 2 20 | | Sinapis . Se '; 18 | Linseed, boiled...... 66 69 Morphia, 8. UN. ¥. @. Sinapis, opt.. Oe cere @ 30} | Neatsfoot, winter str 54 60 ----+. 2 15@ 2 40 | Snuff, Maccaboy, De | Spirits Turpentine... 45 55 Moschus Canton.. @ 40| Voes. @ 41} Myristica, No. 1..... 65@ .| Snuff,Seoteh, De Vo’s @ A Paints BBL. LB. Nux Vomica...po. 15 @ | Soda, Boras.......... @ i Os Sepia.. 35@ 37 | Soda, Boras, po..... 9@ 11/| Red Venetian.. = 2 @8 Pepsin Saae, H. & P. Soda et Potass Tart. 23@ 25 Ochre, yellow Mars. 1% 2 @4 a CO @ 1 00| Soda, Carb.......... 1%4@ 2 Ochre, yellow Ber.. 42 @3 Picis Liq. N.N.% gal. Soda, Bi-Carb.. 3@, 5 Putty, commercial... 24 2%4@3 doz . oe @ 200} Soda, Ash.. ... 84@ 4 Putty, strictly pure. 2% 2%@3 Picis Liq., quarts... @ 1 00} Soda, Sulphas. . @ 2; Vermilion, Prime Picis Liq., pints. . @_ 85 / Spts. Cologne.. i @ 260; American . 13@ 15 Pil Hydrarg. .. po. 80 @ 50|Spts. Ether Co...... 50@ 56 Vermilion, English. 70@ 75 Piper Nigra...po. 22 @ 18) Spts. Myreia Dom... @ 2 00} Green, Paris........ H@ 18 Pi a Alba.. -_ 35 @ 30) Spts. Vini Rect. bbl. Q@, | Green, Peninsular... 13@ 16 iix Burgun. . @ 7/| Spts. Vini Rect. 4bbl @ oo 6 G@ 6% Piumbi Acet......... 10@ = 12)! Spts. Vini Rect. 10gal @ Lead, white......... 6 @ 6% Pulvis Ipecae et Opii 1 30@ 1 50 | Spts. Vini Reet. 5 gal a Whiting, white Span @ 8% Pyreghriin, boxes H. | Stryehnia, Crystal... 1 05@ 1 25 | Whiting, gilders’.... @ )». Co., doz.. @ 75/| Sulphur, Subl....... 2%@ 4/| White, Paris, Amer. @ 1 25 Pyrethrum, py...... 23@ 30)| Sulphur, Roll........ 24@ 3%) Whiting, Paris, Eng. OMS R ee os S@ 10| Tamarinds.. | 1 sa 6) Ce @ 140 Quinia, S.P.& W... 39@ 49) Terebenth Venice... 28@ 30) Universal Prepared. 1 10@ 1 20 Quinia,S. German.. 389@ 49) Theobrome.......... 60@ 65 Quinia, N. Y......... 39@ 49 | Vanilla . Ul . 9 00@16 00 Varnishes Rubia Tinetorum.. 12@ )=14| Zinei i Sulph.. ee 7@ 8 Saccharum Lactis pv 18@ 20 | Oils No. 1 Turp Coach... 1 1C@ 1 20 SAIN 50@ 4 75 | | Extra Turp.......... 1 60@ 1 70 Sanguis Draconis... 0G@ 5b | BBL. GAL. | Coach Body......... 2 75@ 3 00 Sapo, W.............. 12@ 14} Whale, winter....... 70 70 | | No. 1 Turp Furn..... 1 00@ 1 10 Sapo M ee 10@ 12 i Lard, extra.......... 60 Si Extra Turk Damar.. 1 55@ 1 60 nape G.............. @ 6 Lard, NO. ft.......... 45 | Jap.Dryer,No. 1Turp L@ t J Ode he be De Se ha De She De De Dee De Se ee MRRP Re RP eee ee ee eee re ee eerey 4 OUR HOLIDAY LINE Cys Will be displayed at Grand Rapids, Mich. State Fair Week Sept. 1900 24 to 2 We invite you to come in and inspect the most complete line of Holiday Goods ever shown in Michigan. Drug Co. Hazeltine & Perkins She She She Be dhe che be che Se be he Se he De Y PRP Ree RR eRe ere rR Pee ee eee eeeeerey MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Guaranteed correct at time of issue. with any jobbing house. GROCERY PRICE CURRENT Not connected ADVANCED DECLINED Cleaned Currants Jelly in Pails China Cassia Celery Seed Mustard Seed ALABASTINE | CANNED GOODS i COCOA White in drums...... oe 9) p ples W Se ee 30 Colors in drums............. 10 | 3 1b. Standards ce Covolad oe 41 White in packages.......... 10 | Gallons, standards. . Epps... = Colors in packages.......... 1 Blackberries Van Houten, %s.. 12 Less 40 per cent discount. | Standards ata — oe a . = . ACK | eanus am Outen, 468. ............ 3 AXLE en, gross (bakes... - 100@ Van Houten, is...... ---. ae | Red Kidney........ 75@ Ooremial ws 00-8 35 Aurora. oe oe 00) . a 2 pi ee Comsmal to5. 00 33 Castor Oil.. isu] Foote & yr QJENKSIICLASS> Saas 5 P Vanilla 202 = 20 3 OZ Lemon Jennings’ Arctic 20z full meas. pure Lemon. 75 Vanilla.1 20 2 oz. full meas. pure Big Value 2 0z. Oval Vanilla Tonka.... 75 75 2 0z. oval Pure Lemon ...... 3 ENNINGS aoe: a RACTS Puavons ExT Reg. 2 0z. D. C. Lemon...... 75 No. 4 Taper D.C. Lemon ...1 52 Reg. 2 0z. D. C. Vanilla...... 1 24 No. 3 Taper D. C. Vanilla. ..2 08 Standard 2 0z. Vanilla Tonka.......... 7 2 oz. flat Pure Lemon........ 7 Northrop Brand —_ Van. 2 0z. Taper Panel.. 75 1 20 202. Oval... 7E 1 20 3 02. Taper Panel....135 200 40z. Taper Panel....1 60 2 2 Ferxige’s Va Lem. doz. doz. XXX, 2 0z. obert....1 25 75 XXX, 402. — 12 25 1 2 XX, 2 0z. obert......1 00 No. 2, 2 oz. obert . 75 XXX’ DD ptehr, 6 oz 2 25 XXX D D ptehr, 4 0z 1 75 K. P. piteher. 6 02. 2 25 FLY PAPER Perrigo’s Lightning, gro.. ..2 50 Petrolatum, per doz......... 75 HERBS Bae POPS oe 15 INDIGO Madras, 5 Ib. boxes ........... 55 S. F., 2,3 and 5 lb. boxes......50 JELLY Doz. Gi. patie. 205s . 2 00 51D. PANS. oo 2 SOT. pals... 70 — Pure . ae Calabria..........., 7. 20 Le en em, LYE Condensed, 2 doz............1 20 Condensed, 4 doz............2 25 MATCHES Diamond Match Co.’s a NO. 9S sniphir oo. uo. 1 65 Anchor Parlor . koe No. 2 Home -...... ne Export Parlor...............4 00 Wolverine...... pice oo Sons pc, e ae 20z panel. 75 aper..2 00 40z taper..1 50 MOLASSES New Orleans Es 12% Te 1¢ OOM 2 ame ee 26 Open Kettle.............. 25@3t alf-barrels 2c extra MUSTARD Horse Radish, 1 doz.........1 75 Horse Radish, 2 doz......... 3 5 Bayle’s Celery, 1 doz........ 1 75 PAPER BAGS Satchel Union Bottom Square > 53 66 88 08 OU me be Go RD ND ND et et ee ee PICKLES Medium Barrels, 1,200 count ......... Half bbls, 600 count......... Small Barrels, 2,400 count ......... Half bbls, 1.200 count ....... ao Clay, MO 21 Clay, T. >. ull peasant Cob, No. pete ae 48 cans in case. BAVOMG A coe Penna Salt Co.’s............. RICE Domestic Carolina head ................ 7 Carolina No.1. 2 ae Carolina No. 2. gee Broken . a Coes Imported. Japan, No. 1.. 542@6 Japan, No. 2... 14 @5 Java, faney head” 5 @5% Java, os 0 @ Table.. ‘'SALERATUS Packed 60 Ibs. in box. Chureh’s Arm and Hammer.3 : Deana se . » Dwight’s Cow.. ee Pepe De a Ome si Ww yandotte, 100 %{s.......... 3 00 SAL SODA Granulated, bbls............ 8 Granulated, 100 lb. cases. of Lump, bbls. . a = Lump, 145 Ib. kegs. . ooo. SALT. ; Diamond Crystal; Table, cases, 24 3 Ib. boxes..1 40 Table, barrels, 100 3 lb. bags. 2 85 Table, barrels, 407 Ib. bags.2 50 Butter, barrels, 280 Ib. bulk.2 50 Butter, barrels, 20 141b.bags.2 60 Butter, sacks, 28 Ibs......... 27 Butter, sacks, 56 Ibs......... 62 Common heasseeieen 100 3 Ib. sacks... eee ee 60 5 lb. sacks.. Slane ee 28 10 Ib. sacks........... 2... 1 95 OG PO SAGRR 40 28 Ib. sacks....... eae 2 Warsaw 56 Ib. dairy in drill bags..... 30 28 Ib. dairy : 08 go oes 15 56 lb. dairy i ier sabks... 60 ins 56 Ib. dairy = ee sacks... 60 Solar Rock 66 >. Steks. oc 28 Common Granulated Fine............ 1 05 Medium Fine.. accel oe £0 SOAP Single box.. ..3 00 5 box lots, delivered... 1.” 2 95 10 box lots, delivered ........ 2 90 AS. 5 KIRK & 60.’S BRANDS. American Family, wrp’d.. _ 0 Dome Cabinet Savon... White Russian... 2 80 White Cload, ... 4 00 Dusky Diamond, 50 6 0Z..... 2 00 Dusky Diamond, 50 8 02z..... 2 50 Blue India, 100 % Ib.. ..3 0C --Scigggaseaabapegatenn .3 50 Mos .... 2 © Tub Nox More 100 12 oz bars.. SEARCH- LIGHT r 100 big bars (labor saving)..3 60 SILVER Single box....... ws Five boxes, delivered. ......2 95 Scouring Sapolio, kitchen, 3 doz...... 2 40 Sapolio. hand, 3 doz......... 2 40 Washing Tablets I-V, per gross. ..........-... 10 120 samples free. OU me be Go RD ND ND et et ee ee oa Ss L seleiets slols lati) F2SESSSSESS 1.2 95 172 40 pares > 10 00 — MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 93 SALT FISH Cod Georges cured......... @5 (Georges genuine...... @5% ;Georges selected...... @ 5% “Grand Bank............ @4% Strips or pricks.......6 @9 PoHOeH 00 ro) bl. @ 34 Halibut. Strips.. ee | Chunk "15 Herring {folland white hoops, bbl. 11 00 Holland white hoops%bbl. 6 00 Holland white hoop, keg.. 80 Holland white — mechs. 85 NOPWORIA oo... .... Round 100 Ibs.............. 3 60 Roma 406s............... 1% Sealed ..... ee 16% PiGMWeMS se Mackerel MOSS 200 IDS. 0... 8. 17 00 Mess S01bs....-......... 7 10 Mess te lps. co 1 85 Mess Gites... A No. 1 06 Tos..-..... J... 1 OO NO: 1 40ie... ........ 6 SO No.1 10 Ibs. 1 65 NOt Sipe... 8 oe No. 2200 Ws. .............. 9 50 No.2 Seite. 0 4 10 NOv2 Pipe. Ee No: 2 Ss... .........- 91 Trout No. 3 es... NO. 8 40s... No.2 S008... 5... No:f Sits... 1... Whitefish No.1 No.2 Fam 100 Ids. ... ... 750 700 2650 iO Tos... 330 310 130 10 Hs. 90 85 40 S ibs........ 75 71 35 SEEDS Amise: . 9 Canary, Saiyrma............. 4 ND § ge e e O Cardamon, Malabar... -60 OS ee Hemp, Russian.... Mixed Bird.... Mustard, white.. . POON s. Oe 4% “ attle Bone.. 1D SPICES ' Whole Spices Allspice eee eee ee. 12 Cassia, China in mats..... ll Cassia, Batavia, inbund... 28 (Cassia, Saigon, broken.... 38 Cassia, Saigon, in rolls.... 55 Cloves, Amboyna.......... 17 Cloves, Zanzibar......... 14 Dies, 7)-o8............ 50 Nutmegs, 105-10... ne 40 Nutinegs, 11b-20............ 35 Pepper, Singapore, black. 15% Pepper, Singagore, white. 23 Tepper. enet.. |... .. |... 16% Pure Ground in Bulk Allspice........ 16 Cassia, Batavia.. ; 28 Cassia, Saigon............. 48 Cloves, Zanzibar........... 17 Ginger, African........... 15 =. Ginger, Cochin........._.. 18 Ginger, Jamaica.......... 25 Nee 65 Mustard) 18 Pepper, Singapore, black. 19 Pepper, Singapore, white 25 a _— oe oc 20 Sage. . 20 STARCH Kingsford’s Corn 40 1-Ib. packages........... 6% 20 1-Ib. packages... - oe 6 Ib. packages........... 7% Kingsford’s Silver Gloss 40 1-Ib. packages........... Z GID. DOMBR 8... 7% Common Corn 20 1-Ib. packages.......... 4% 40 1-Ib. packages.......... 4% Common Gloss LIb. packages......... —. oo 3-Ib. packages... 4% 6-lb. packages . (cso 40 and 30-1. boxes......... 3% Pete 3% STOVE POLISH ame No. 4, 3 doz in case, gross.. 4 50 No. 6, 3 doz in ease, gross.. 7 20 DORM 6 40 EE 6 55 CHUseeG 6 55 Cubes .. _............. «a | Pow dered . : oc. Goo Coarse Pow dered. _. oa XXXX Powdered. . 6 30 | Standard Granulated... | 6 15 | Fine Granulated. .... 22... 6 15 | Coarse Granulated. 6 30 Extra Fine Granulated. 6 25 Conf. Granulated.. - 646 21b. bags Fine Gran... 6 25 5 lb. bags Fine Gran...... 6 25 Mould A tsecces. @& 40 Seaadl 1A 6 15 Confectioner’s A, 5 95 No. 1, Columbia A 5 80 No. 2, Windsor A... ___. 80 No. 3, Ridgewood A...... 5 80 No. 4, Phoenix A.. 5 75 No. 5, en ee 5 70 No. 6.. 5 60 No. 7.... 5 50 No. 8... 5 40 No. 9... 5 30 No. 10... E 2 No. 11... 5 25 NG oo NOt es NOM 5 15 No. 15.. 5 1é No. 16.. . Se SYRUPS Corn | Barrels.. ee Half bbis... 7 1 doz. 1 gallon eans. 3 20 1 doz. 4% gallon cans. 2 JE 96 2 doz. 4 gallon cans......... 95 Pure Cane Pe se Good . Dees 20 Choice .. 2.21217! 25 SNUFF Seotch, in bladders.. 37 Maceaboy, in jars... French Rappée, i in n jars. See 43 Boxes.. «os <~ Oe Kegs, English woes Oe GAR" Below are na New York prices on sugars, to which the wholesale dealer adds the local | freight from New York to your —— point, giving you credit on the invoice for the amount of freight buyer pays from the market in which he purchases to his shipping point, including 20 pounds for the weight of the barrel. TABLE SAUCES. LEA & PERRINS’ SAUCE The Original and Genuine Worcestershire. | Lea & Perrin’s, large...... 3 75 Lea & Perrin’s, small. .... 2 50 Halford, large. ............ 3 75 Halford, small............. 2 25 Salad Dressing, large. . 4 55 Salad Dressing, small..... 2 75 TEA Japan Sundried, medium .......... 28 Sundried, choice............ 30 Sundried, fancy............. 40 Regular, medio... 28 megular, choice ............ 30 Hegulur, faney.............- Basket-fired, medium ...... 28 3asket-fired, choice......... 35 Basket-fired, faney.......... 40 Mies ee ay Se 19@21 Hannes... 20@22 Gunpowder Moyune, medium ........... 26 Moyune, nore os, 35 Moyune, faney.............. 50 medium ee 25 ——........... 30 Pingsuey, Pingsuey, Pimesucy, fancy... ... ....49 Young Hyson Chee: 30 Pane 36 Oolong Formosa, faney....:......... 42 Amoy, mednim............_- 25 Amoy, Choice... |... 32 English Break fast Metwn :.. 27 Choice. .... ees eee eee 34 WAMGY a. 42 India Cevion, choles... |. 32 Pamey...-.2. 2... 42 TOBACCO Seotten Tobacco Co.’s Senne Sweet Chunk plug .. ae Cadilige fine cut...... .....- 57 Sweet Loma fine cut........ 38 VINEGAR Malt White Wine, 40 grain.. 8 Malt White Wine, 80 grain..11 Pure Cider, Red Star........12 Pure Cider, Robinson.......11 Pure Cider, Silver...........11 WASHING POWDER Rub NoeMore Kub-No-More, 100 12 02 ..... 3 50 WICKING No. 9, per gross.... No. ') per gross.......0 000. 6.25 | No. 3 Oval, 250 in crate... ....2 20 | mame, 5 deg........... | |... No. ?, per gross... i No. 3. per gross...... WOODENWARE | Baskets ON 14 Bushels, wide band......... 1 25 | Market .. 30 Willow Clothes, large. ‘7 00 Willow Clothes, me ium... 6 50 Willow Clothes, small... .. 5 50 Butter Plates No. 1 Oval, 250 im crate...... 1 80 No. 2 Oval, 250 in crate...... 2 00 No. 5 Oval, 250 in crate.. ....2 Clothes Pins Boxes. 5 gross boxes, . Mop Sticks Trojan spring . 85 Eclipse patent spring . 85 No 1 common. 7a No. 2 patent brush holder .. 30 12 I. cotton mon heads.... 1 25 Pails 2-hoop Standard............. 1 50 3-hoop ee Se ee eee 1 70 2were, Cabo... ...........9 6O 3-wire, Cable. . -1 85 Cedar, all red, brass bound.1 25 Paper, | Eureka... 2 25 Fibre.. ou eae Tubs 20-inch, Standard, No.1..... 7 00 18-inch, Standard, No. 2..... 6 00 16-inch, Standard, No. 3..... 5 00 20-inch, Cable, No. 1. .7 50 18-inch, Cable, No. 2.. 6 50 16-inch, Cable, No. 3 5 50 No. 1 Fibre.. c 9 45 No. 2 Fibre.. .. o No. 3 Fibre... ey Wash ‘Boards Bronze Globe........ ..2 60 Dewey . see oo. ae Double Acme................ 2 75 Single Acme.. -.2 25 Double Peerless.. «cack 20 Single Peerless.. ones oe OO Northern Queen . Se 2 50 Double — ..3 00 Good Luck . ede cecuce : 2 OO WBIVGRSAL 6. 2 25 Wood Bowls 11 in. Butter. \ Cs 75 is ir. Dassen... 8... 15 in. Bitten i in. Batier..... ......, _. Wot Butsor.... 8. Assorted 13-15-17.... ........ Assorted 15-17-19 YEAST CAKE heat e ee 3 1 00 Sunlight, 3doz.......... «8 OO} punligh¢, 1% doz........._.. 50 | Yeast Cre m,3doz.......... 100 Yeast Foam, 3 doz..........1 00 Yeast Foam,1% doz........ 50 Crackers The National Biscuit Co. quotes as follows: Butter SOVMOME 6 New Worse... Bamy oc. og Salted . ees eee. |G Wolverine. . a Soda Seda XMM... :. 6% Soda, City.. -. © Long Island Wafers....... 12 Zephyrette .. a Oyster BAUSG 7% Waka. 6 Extra Farina ............ 6% Saltine Oystor............. 5 Sweet Goods—Boxes Animals. oe 10 Assorted Cake. ...2.222221 10 Belle BOse............5.... 8 Bents Wator.....°....... 16 Buttercups... .. ........ 12 | Cinnamon Bar............. 9 Coffee Cake, Iced.. 10 Coffee Cake, Java. . 10 Cocoanut Tafy............ 10 Crachnels 2... ¢........ 16 Creams, Teed............. 8 Cream Crisp............_.. 10 Crystal Creams.. i Cubans ee , 11% Currant Fruit............. 11 Frosted Honey............ 2 | Frosted Cream. S | Ginger Gems, Ig. ‘or sm. 8 Ginger Snaps, NEO... 8 Gim@inter 10 Grandma Cakes........... 9 Graham Crackers......... 8 Graham Wafers........... 12 Grand Rapids Tea........ 16 Honey Fingers............ 12 Iced Honey Crumpets.... 10 a 8 Jumbles, Honey........... 12 Lady Fingers.............. Pea Lemon Wafers............ 16 Marshmallow 16 Marshmallow Walnuts... 16 Mary Aum... -.... 8 Mixed Pienic.... ......... 11% Mik Biseutt............... 7% Molasses Cake............ 8 Molasses Bar.....-....-... Moss Jelly Bar............ 12% Newton.. ea) 7. Oatmeal C rackers._ : 8 Oatmeal Wafers........... 12 Orange —— Pease coe 9 Orange Gem. ag ce Se Penny Oake................ 8 Pilot Bread, XXX......... 7% Pretzels, aoe 8 made...... 7% Sears’ Lunch : 7% SugarCake.........:...... Sugar Cream, XXX....... 8 Sugar Squares ............ 8 Salmi: .................. 2 atti Frottl........ ....-- 16 Vanilla Wafers............ 16 Vienna Crimp.......-..--- & | follows: | Calfskins green No. 1 Fresh Meats | Grains and Feedstuffs. | Wheat Wheat . a} Winter Wheat heer Local ee | Patents .. _ £58 Second P: atent.. ee. 4 00 Oren 38 Clear _ 22 Grakam....._... 3 75 | Buckwheat........ 4 50 | DO 25 | Subject to usual cash dis- | count. Flour in bbls., 25e per bbl. ad- | ditional. Ball-Barnhart-Putman’s Brand | Piamond 4S... 4 00} Diamond 4s.0.. 2... 4 00 | | Diamond s.. pot cenees SO} Worden Grocer Co.'s Brand Quaker ‘gs... (Quaker 44s.. Lees 3 Quaker \s.. ci uo Spring ‘Wheat mies | Clark-Jewell-Wells Co.’s Brand | Pillsbury’s Best %s.. 4 75 | Pillsbury’s Best \4s. . Pillsbury’s Best %s.. Pillsbury’s Best %s paper. 4 55 Pillsbury’s Best 4s paper. 4 55 Ball-Barnhart-Putman’s Brand Duluth Iniperial ‘s....... 4 50 Duluth Imperial 4s _.. A. Duluth Imperial ¥s....... 4 30 | Lemon & a heeler Co.’s Brand | gv gy Wingold 4 oa 4 60 Wingold 4s. See. 4 50 Winseld %49...0...... |. 4 40 Olney | & Judson’s Brand Ceresota 4 ay Ceresota \s. 4 65 | Ceresota Ys. . 4 55 | Worden Grocer hous s Brand Laurel ¢s.. ‘ 65 Laurel \s.. Ce 4 55 bausel 4a | 4 45 Laurel 4gs and 4s paper 4 45 Washburn-Crosby Co.’s Brand. 4 75 Prices always right. Write or wire Mussel- man Grocer Co. for special quotations. Meal OO 2 00 Granuiated................ 2 20 Feed and Millstutts St. Car Feed, screened.... 18 50 No. 1 Corn and Oats...... 18 00 Unbolted Corn Meal...... 17 50) Winter Wheat Bran....... | Winter Wheat Middlings. 14 00 15 00 DCTCOMINGS ............... 15 00 Corn Corn, ear lots.. 44 Less ‘than car lots. . Oats Gar Wote 25% | Car lots, clipped........... 2944 | Less than car lots......... | Hay No. 1 Timothy car lots.... 12 00 No. 1 Timothy ton lots.... 13 00 Hides and = ‘The Cappon & Bertsch Leather | Co., 100 Canal Street, quotes as Hides Green No.1. Des @ 6% Groen No.2. ........ @ by Cured No. ?......... 7% Cured No. 2. 3 | Calfskins,green No.2 | | 3% | Calfskins,cured No. 1 | SENSES ICO Calfskins,cured No.2 % Pelts Pelés, each...... .... 50@1 25 EAmp. 2... .l.: caso... Se Be Tallow NO. @ 3% No. 2 ets @ 2% Wool Washed, fine........ 20@22 Washed, medium.. 22@24 Unwashed, fine..... 14@15 Tnwashed. medium. 18@20 Oils Barrels Boecene. @11% Perfectio @10 XXX W. W. Mich. Hdit @10 Ww. W. ee Boe a @ 9% | —— White. . @9 DS. Gas... @11y | Deo. Naphtha.......... @10% Cee Se eee ees cees 29 Engin 19 @22 Biack, alia ees ~ Ny Candies Beef | Stick Candy | Careass.. ‘ 64@ 8 | bbls. pails | Forequarters . . 54%@ 6 | Standard. G@ 8 | Hindquarters .. uae 84%4@ 9 | Standard H, a. @B8 LOMA NO. 3.......... 10 @14 | Standard Twist... oe @ 8% Ree, 10 @14_ | Cut Loaf.. @ 9 Reams @s | cases | Chivers (01 |) oka 6) | Jumbo, 22 %b... ||, @i% Plates . 4@5 Extra i. a @10% Boston Cream....... 10 Dressed . @7 | Beet Root... . 8 Betas 07 @ 9% | Mixed ——— | Boston Butts........ @ 8 | es @ 6% SMCHEIGORS 0 @8 ompetition. -. @7 | Leaf Lard. . @ 7% | Conserve". os: @ 1% Mutton | iacal @ an (Cameaas 7TH@ 8 2ibbon . . @ i | Spring Lambs... @l12 | Po @ Veal | Cut Loaf. - @ 9 (@areass. 0 gs @o | Bnelish Boek @9 Oo a ten. @9y be as french Cream....._ a Provisions Dandy Pan on a and > Barreled Pork mixed sae ‘Cream @15% Mess @12 50| Nobby. ..2000022/027 a eee “ere oe =| Crystal ¢ Team: mix. _ @i3 Pee ee ce woes yy “0 ancy—Iln ulk = eut .. J = = Pectin Goodies. @i ei hi a kk sh WGLhEi Ss L a @l11 00 louie a oo ary @14 75 | Choe. Drops Sea @i1% —_ Salt Meats | Eclipse Chocolates. @la Bellies. . : sl a Monumentais. @l4 Briskets . $4 | Gum Drops. @5 Extra shorts......... 73, | Moss Drops. . @ 9% Smoked Meats | oe ae. hs @io Hams, tzlb.average. @ 11 | C cso pad @10 Hams, 14]b.average. — @ 19's | jal’ Cream Opera. @lz Hams, 16lb.average. @ 101, aaa co onbons Hams, 20lb. average. 8 ing. coc @lz Ham dried beef..... ou fo. 5 Shoulders (N. Y. cut) @ 1% | Pi ae le I Sea @l4 Bacon, clear......... 11 @ 11s | food Mavenn nig: @12% California hams..... @ 7% | | Golde ~ehmeliows... Boneless hams...... @n | Pon ag eg ates “eu Boiled Hams...... @ ‘6 | eee ‘ca n 5 1b. Boxes Pienie Boiled Hams @ 12% | Pepper ours . @55 Berim Hams....._. @ 9 | C anaes se Drops. @bu Mince Hams....... @9 |H M Clee te - @v5 Lards—In Tierces | iH. M. Choe. Lt. ti - Compound.......__.. 64% | Dk. No. 19. |. @90 Met 7% | Gum Drops.. .... @30 Vegetole . 6% | Licorice Drops... @i5 55 Ib. Tubs.. advance ’s | A. B. Licorice Drops @50 80 lb. Tubs..advance 4g | Lozenges, plain. @55 50 Ib. Tins. ..advance 4 | Lozenges, printed... qwbu | 20 lb. Pails. .advance % | Imperials.. @bu | 10 Ib. Pails..advance % | Mottoes . i @bu 5 lb. Pails..advance 1 | Creamy (Bar @55 3 lb. Pails..advance 1 Molasses Bar. . 5 Sausages Hand Made Creams. 380 @y Bologna ............. 5%; | Cream Buttons, Pep. ee 6 | aes Wee... @65 Frankfort ........... 7% | String Rock. ...... @é5 Pe 7% Burnt Almonds. .... 12 @ Blood 6% | Wintergreen Berries (a60 Tongue..... i 9 Carameis Headcheese.......... 6 | > ——— 3 Ib. ee Extra Mess.......... 10 75 | Penny Goods: — Se 12 530 | Rump .. 12 75 | Fruits Pigs’ Feet | Kits, 15 Ibs... .... 80 | ee 14 bbls., 40 Ibs. . 150) Fancy Navels % bbls., 80 lbs. . 275 yoann — oo Trip e | sate @IONCIAS........ 5 25@ Kits, 15 Ibs...... 70| acne. -------- w 4 DbIs., 40 Ibs. 1 95 | pete SWOeGEs.. @ % bbls.. 80 Ibs. 2 25 | =. Se @. a Casings a Lemons . " Beef rounds. _ | pret n — a Gs = Beet middle en s/t | (ate Sheep.. : 60 | Ex. Fancy 300s... .. (@7 AV ‘Satietine | Fancy 360s. ......... @6 50 Rolls, dairy... te 134% ie Solid, dairy.......... 13 | Medium bunches.... 1 75@2 00 Rolls, creamery... 19 | Large bunches.. 2 W@2 25 Solid, creamery. .... 18% Foreign Dried Fruits Canned Meats Figs Corned beet, z Ib... 2 75 | Californias, Fancy .. @ Corned beet, 14 1b... 17 50 | pe pkg, 10 lb. boxes @ Roast beef, 2 1b...... 275 | Xtra Choice, 10 Ib. Potted ham, 4s... 5. boxes, new Smprna @i2 Potted ham’ %s._.”” 90 Fancy, 12 |b. boxes new @l13 Deviled ham, ‘Ss... 50 Imperial Mikados, 18 : Deviled ham, \s.... 80 | put dé Ib. Mas seit we @ Potted tongue, ¥s.. 50 | Nute < boxes... @ Potted tongue, %s.. Tt enmondes bags... @ Fards in 10 Ib. boxes @s Fish and Oysters, Fards in 60 Ib. eases. @6 Le ea a _ | Persians, P. H. V.. @5 Fresh Fish lb. cases, new..... @5 Per Ib. | Sairs, 60 Ib. cases... @5 White fish. . © (7 ae Trout.. Ce Nut Black Bass........... 9@ 12 ee Hatiput @ 15 | Almonds, Tarragona @18 Ciscoes or Herring. @ 4 Almonds, vies... @ Bluesea 0 @ 11 | Almonds, C oo Live Lobster.......... @ 19 soft shelled. @17 Boiled Lobster... .... @ 2 | Brazils, new......... @lz Ne aa tg tol @13% Haddock @ 7 | Walnuts, Grenobles. @I15 No. 1 Pickerel......... @ 9 | Walnut.’ softshelled Pike @ 7 California No. 1. @13 Perch .. @ 6 Table Nuts, fancy... 13 Smoked White @ 8 | Table Nuts, choice.. Gis Red Snapper. . @ 9 Pecans, Med.. 110 Col River Salmon. .... @ 13 | Pecans, Ex. Large... @l2»g Mackerel.............. @ 14 | Pecans, Jumbos. .* |, @ Oysters in Cans. arm ay per bu. @ ¥ > Se aa 35 | Cocoanuts, full sacks @ ao. . 30 Chestnuts, + pes @ a 30 tla 7. a eme.. = | Faney, H. P.,Suns.. 5 @ | Standards ........... 26} hone ed . P., Flags @ 6% Wavorie............. Choice, H. P., “Extras Pes : Shell Goods, Choice, H. P., Extras i Clams, per 100......... ace 8 ||. a Oysters, per 100 @ Span. Shelled No.1.. 7%@ 8 rE ie 94 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN GLASS TRADE. How the Business Has Changed in Thirty Years. My first experience in the glass busi- hess was in 1865. At that time nearly all of the glass used was French, espe- cially for store and house work. Some American glass was made in New York State, but the most in Pittsburg, Pa. The Pittsburg manufacturers had only two qualities—-first and second. Their glass was of a deep blue color. The glass made in New York State was a better color, but stained occasionally. About the largest glass made in double thick at that time was 40x60; while now our largest glass is about 60x70, and even larger sizes are occasionally made. The price of double thick made in this country was twice the price of single thick. The cost of large glass was four or five times then what it is now. Great improvement has been made in the man- ufacture of window glass, the present third quality being fully as good as the first quality made eet years 5 ago. The finish of the glass is much better than it was formerly, being well flattened and almost as straight as a piece of plate glass. Great progress has been made in the handling of glass by the railroads. Two hundred to 300 boxes of glass used to constitute a carload, while now it is quite common to ship from 500 to 700 boxes in one carload. I must not for- get to mention that the use of natural gas in the manufacture of glass in- creased the production immensely and caused Ohio and Indiana to become very prominent in the manufacture of that article. I have no statistics before me, but believe that the product now is ten times what it was at that period. During the same time, great advance has been made in this country in the manufacture of cathedral and rough and ribbed glass for skylights. All of this material was formerly imported and used to cost from four to five times the price that it is now sold for in this country. The plate glass business in this coun- try thirty years ago was almost nothing in the West, not more than one or two stores in this city having plate glass fronts at that period. The cost of a store front then was about $600, It could be sold now for $100 or $125. The price, however, declined somewhat, and many of the old window glass fronts were taken out and polished plate put in their place. About 1876 or Jater plate glass was being made at New Albany, Ind., by DePauw, but the quality was not very good and it was difficult to get or- ders filled. About ten years later, the Crystal Plate Glass Co., of St. Louis, Mo., became quite prominent in the business and produced a good quality of glass; also the factories built by the Fords around Pittsburg, so that from that time onward, the plate glass man- ufactured in this country has been of about as good quality as the foreign ar- ticle, and now the importations are al- most entirely cut off. Nearly all of the glass made in this country, even for mirrors, is manufactured here. Plate glass, until about fifteen years ago, was cut to size in New York or at the fac- tories and shipped to different points where wanted. About 1884, I laid in a ‘stock of stock sheets, and shortly after other jobbing centers in the West did likewise, so that the glass is now cut from stock sheets and shipped to differ- ent points where required. The amount of plate glass probably used about — years ago was from 1,000,000 to 2,000,000 square feet in a year and the quantity now is from 12,000,000 to 15,000,000 square feet. Wm. Reid. ———_~> 2 .>___ ”” The ‘‘Exemplar’’ is not beautiful to look at, but it is a beautiful smoke. ‘pee & nae 112 Monroe St., Grand Rapids, Mich. Importers and Manufacturers’ Agents of Croek- ery, Glassware, Lamps, Holiday Goods. Headquarters Decorated Opalware. BARREL A 5e¢ and 10c¢ assortment All pieces rich gold traced and hand painted. % Contains 1 dozen each of g 12 varieties of articles, as pin trays, ash receivers, mateh holders, ete. . J. Huttord. —___-#¢._ On account of some dealers placing union goods in our boxes we have been compelled to brand the letters S. C. W. on all S. C. W. cigars. 6 —__ It's as hard to forgive an injury as to remember a kindness. SO BS. Dw Crushed Cereal Coffee Cake. Better than coffee. Cheaper than coffee. More healthful than coffee. Costs the consumer less. Affords the retailer larger profit. Send for sample case. See quotations in price current. Crushed Cereal Coffee Cake Co. Marshall, Mich. f we, WR a, wa, a. as wa. A. BOMERS, Commercial Broker.. And Dealer in Cigars and Tobaccos, 157 E. Fulton St. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. j j j f j f f Representing M. Brilles & Co., Allegheny City, Pa. Parker T. Conrad, Richmond, Va. E. R. Wiersema, Grand Rapids, Mich. G. P. Kramer, Grand Rapids, Mich. OUR LEADERS Doe Andrus, Plaindealer, Robin Hood, Little Barrister, Three Sisters, Old Pards, Ete. eee TTT e Leather Top Lumberman’s and Carry the LARGEST and MOST COMPLETE line Made. We Make a Specialty of Sa Si BEACON FALLS CHICAGO. MANITOBA RUBBER SHOE CO. PURE GUM DUCK. Beacon Falls Rubber Shoe Co., 207 and 209 Monroe St., 2 TWO OF OUR STRONG SELLERS .2 GRANT Made in 8 in., 10 in., 12 in. and 14 in. pa | Heights. SAMPLES SENT PREPAID PURE GUM RIBBED OVER Send for Leather Top Catalogue. HhebhhHAHAAHHAHAHHAKARAHHAHHAHAHAHA BEACON FALLS, CONN. 96 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN The Grain Market. Wheat has ruled easy during the week. Fluctuations have been few, with an upward tendency. The bearish fea- ture at present is the steady accumula- tion of the visible. Our exports while not of as large a quantity as last year are very fair. Were it not for the lack of tonnage undoubtedly the exports would be larger. The foreign demand appears to he good. Another feature which holds wheat from being exported in larger quantities is the change in the freight rates to the seaboard, which have been advanced very materially owing to the lack of vessel room. While the visible increased, the amount on passage decreased 2,600,000 bushels. Shipments from all exporting countries were only 5,500,000 bushels and about 50 per cent. from the United States. Ar- gentine shipped less than 200,000, bush- els, which seems to indicate that their granaries are being depleted. It might also be mentioned that receipts at Du- luth are remarkably small. Minneapolis has only very moderate receipts and, were it not for the large importations from Kansas—which, of course, is win- ter wheat—her receipts would be con- siderably iess. However, there seems to be plenty of wheat for present use, so we will! not borrow trouble for the fu- ture. Corn also has not changed for either cash or future. While cash corn is wanted very much, prices are not en- hanced, as was stated heretofore. The Government crop report estimates the yield at 2,000,000,009 bushels—that is, with ordinary weather from now on, which is considered only a fair yield— no bumper crop by any means. Oats have been depressed and prices have declined about Ic in grain centers. While the farmers are not in a mood _ to accept the decline, they will have to be- fore long. Rye is very steady at present, with a large yield. We look. for no advance. The flour trade, hoth local and do- mestic, has been good, and prices are sustained. There is quite an export en- quiry, but prices are hardly up to what millers want. Mill feed seems to be wanted. Millers are having sale for all they make. The city mills are running full time. Railroad receipts have been: 39 cars of wheat, 5 cars of corn, Ig cars of oats, 1 car of hay, 1 car of straw. The local market is 72c for wheat at mills. C. G. A. Voigt. —_—__> 2. ___ The Boys Behind the Counter. Ironwood—Chas. Peterson, who has been connected with the grocery depart- ment of the Ironwood Store Co. for twelve years, has resigned to take a similar position with Olson Bros. Coldwater—C. Long, who has been ead clerk in Freidman & Co.’s store, has finished his year there and has be- gun work at Woodward & Co.’s store. Quincy—M. J. Condra, Jr., has re- signed his position with Pearce & Lyon, where he has had charge of their shoe department, and gone to Adrian to take charge of the shoe department of Wood, Crane & Wood. Battle Creek—Albert Henry, formerly clerk with C. B. Whipple, has taken a position in the grocery store of James Redner. Shepherd—Ernest W. Mills, of Mid- land is clerking in the drug store of J, D. McKenna. Three Rivers—Fred Moss has re- signed his position as salesman at Kapp’s shoe store. Amasa Dukette, of Mendon, has taken his place. Dowagiac—Charles Tuttle has trans- ferred himself from the White Front dry goods store to the Economic store. 2. : General Selling Agent ofthe Banigan Line. Edward R. Rice, General Selling Agent of the Banigan Rubber Company, with stores at Buffalo and Chicago. gc The Tradesman is informed that the IO per cent. reduction in fire insurance rates, which took place about two years ago, will shortly be abrogated and rates restored to the former basis, due to an agreement which is practically con- cluded between leading representatives of the insurance companies and the State Insurance Commission. +29. Clare Courter: HH. £. Carson has quit the employ of A. S. Rhoades and is now traveling salesman for the whole- sale house of Marskey Bros. & Co., Limited, of Saginaw. His territory is Michigan, Wisconsin and Indiana. —_———_>_0 2 ______- F. H. Counter, former landlord of the Dexter House, at Grand Ledge, has assumed control of the American House, at Mason, having purchased the prop- erty of David Erwin. a ea If a man knows where he lost his ap- petite he would stand a better chance in finding it. a A padded census in an expansion city is not worth the padding. ne rer Some people give sharp answers for fear of being called dull. ——s> 2. —___ Summer wants to linger in the lap of fall and keep it warm. BusiaessLianls Advertisements will be inserted under this head for two cents a word the first insertion and one cent a word for each subsequent insertion. No advertisements taken for less than 25 cents. Advance payments. BUSINESS CHANCES. OR SALE—ONE SET DAYTON COMPUT- ing scales and one medium-sized safe. Ad- dress C. L. Dolph, Temple, Mich. 522 OTEL FOR RENT OR SALE—STEAM heat, electric lights, hardwood fioors, ete.; located in Bessemer, Mich., county seat Gogebic county. Address J. M. Whiteside, Bessemer, Mich. 523 = BUY BANKRUPT STOCK dry goods or dry goods and shoes, former line preferred. Address, with particulars—size of stock, ete.—Box 91, Mason, Mich. OR SALE—STOCK OF BOOKS, STATION- ery, wall paper, etc., and only complete news depot in town; also daily paper route; a good paying business and an excellent opportunity for the right party. Ill health the only reason for selling. Write or call on M. Van Putten, Hol- land, Mich. 521 OR SALE—GENERAL MERCHANDISE stock, invoicing about $8,000, store building and fixtures. Stock is in Al shape. Trade es- tablished over twenty years. Would accept house and lot or farm in part payment. Splen- did chance for the right person. Reason for sell- ing, wish to retire from business and take a needed rest. Address No. 520, care Michigan Tradesman. 520 Tv SALE—FINE DRY GOODS BUSINESS. Stock will invoice $18,000. Will reduce it. Best city in Michigan of 20,000. Cash trade sales $40,000 per year. Will sell all or half interest. Have other business to look after. If you do not mean business don’t write. No attention paid to trades. Address No. 518, care Michigan Trades- man. 518 RUG STOCK WANTED INVOICING from $500 to $1,200; small town preterred. Write quick. Address P. H. D., care Michigan Tradesman. 517 VOR RENT—A GOOD BRICK STORE building centrally located in a good business — Address Mrs. E. F. Colwell, Lake Odessa, Mich. 516 ye SALE—DRUG STOCK INVOICING fifteen hundred ($1,500) dollars, in Southern Michigan. Will retain half interest or sell entire stock. Good place to make money. Reason for selling, have other business. Address No. 515, eare Michigan Tradesman. 515 ] RUG STORE FOR SALE—GOOD LOCA- tion; nice clean stock. Reason for selling, other business. Address No. 514, care Michigan Tradesman. 514 (YOR SALE CHEAP—GENERAL STOCK OF merchandise, invoicing $2,500. Will rent store building and fixtures very cheap. Good farming country and excellent potato region roundabout. Dealer could handle farm produce to advantage. Do not care for money payment. Will accept ample security. Reason for selling, poor health and need of rest. Address No. 511, eare Michi- gan Tradesman. 511 VOR SALE—GOOD PAYING DRUG STORE in Milwaukee; clean stock and new fixtures; no cutting; sales average $22 per day. Excellent opportunity for right man. Address P. O. Box 434, Milwaukee. Wis. 509 GOOD CLEAN STOCK OF SHOES, RUB- bers, gloves, hosiery, groceries and store fixtures for sale at 65 cents on the dollar of cost; good town, good location, good trade; best of reasons for selling. Stock invoices about $4,300. If you cannot pay cash at the price, do not bother me. H. W. Clark, Portland, Mich. 508 XOR SALE—CIGAR WHEEL, BICYCLE style, almost new. Address Parrish & Wat- son, Ithaca, Mich. 504 oe RENT—THE BEAUTIFUL DOUBLE store building now occupied by Deutsch Bros. in best location in Beatrice, Neb., suitable for dry goods. clothing or department store, 50x 100. Address P.O. Box 217, Michigan City, Ind. 505 HAT HAVE YOU TO TRADE FOR improved real estate, southwest corner Wealthy and Paris avenues, Grand Rapids? I prefer Detroit suburban or Petoskey business property. Mortgaged property will not be looked at. Address P. Medalie, Mancelona, Mich., or Jas. Campbell, Giant Clothing Build- ing, Grand Rapids, Mich. 498 QTORE TO RENT IN LANSING, MICH., 106 Washington avenue, size 24 x 65. Wil rent for boot and shoe business; this is the very best location; now oceupied by clothing but will be vacated by Sept. 15. Write Geo. H. Sheets, Grand Ledge, Mich. 495 VOR SALE—FRUIT FARM NEAR TRAV- erse City; or would exchange for grocery stock or country store property. G. L. Clapp, Archie, Mich. 493 F YOU WISH TO SELt YOUR STOCK OF merchandise; or if you wish to purchase a stock of merchandise; or if you wish to make a good business investment, it will be to your in- terest to write _Clark’s Business Exchange, 23 Monroe St. (Telephone 349), Grand Rapids, Mich. 499 Ro SALE—NATIONAL CASH REGISTER, No. 95 B. Has been used only three weeks. Apply to J. H. Travis, Elsie, Mich. 491 NOR SALE — 146 ACRES OF LAND IN Marion county, Florida. Over 100 acres cleared. Suitable for fruit, vegetables and stock growing. Price $15 per acre. Notrades. L. D. Stark, Cascade, Mich. 486 TORE TO RENT IN CADILLAC; CEN- trally located; formerly used for drug store, later for grocery store. Dr. John Leeson. 377 ges SALE—WATER WORKS PLANT AND franchise in Northern Michigan. Write for particulars to D. Reeder, Lake City, Mich. 424 = SALE OR EXCHANGE FOR GEN- eral Stock of Merchandise—Two 80 acre farms; also double store building. Good trading point. Address No. 388, care Michigan Trades- 388 man. — SALE—GENERAL STOCK, LOCATED at good country trading point. Stock and fixtures will inventory about $2,000; rent reason- able; good place to handle produce. Will sell stock complete or separate any branch of it. Address No. 292, care Michigan Tradesman. 292 ARTIES HAVING STOCKS OF GOODS of any kind, farm or city property or manu- facturing plants, that they wish to sell or ex- change, write us for our free 24-page catalogue of real estate and business chances. The Derby & Choate Real Estate Co., Lansing, Mich. 259 ANTED — DRUG CLERK. MUST BE registered in Wisconsin; married man pre- ferred; permanent position to right man. Ad- dress P. O. Box 434, Milwaukee, Wis. 510 OUNG MAN WANTS A POSITION IN A drugstore. Graduate of school of phar- macy. No experience. Address No. 503, care Michigan Tradesman. 5U3 _ RELIABLE MAN OF NINE YEARS’ EX- perience, acquainted with several depart- ments, desires store or office position in Central or Southern Michigan. Write for particulars. Address No. 502, care Michigan Tradesman. 502 yo —A FEW GOOD RELIABLE agents to sell our new improved lighting machine. Makes the finest, cheapest and safest light on earth. This machine has just been brought out. Write for terms and territory. The Improved Gasoline Incandescent Light Co., Howell, Mich. 482 Nm, A, , , I, ‘a, ee, a, The demand for our § High — Grade Show Cases is SO great that we have Removed to More Commodious Quarters Corner South lonia and Bartlett Streets, Two blocks from new Union Depot. SN BE wR ee We have doubled our capac- ity and purchased sEVERAL THOUSAND DOLLARS’ WORTH of new, improved machinery, f including a Big Cylinder Sander f j j f f f j j j j j f j j When you come to the State j Fair or whenever you visit Grand Rapids call and in- spect our plant and our com- plete line of show cases and office fixtures. § Grand Rapids Fixtures Co. J SIT NE RQn2a22g9ggg009 9900099900 o }o, o enge e =] 3 William Reid = & = ad o& Importer and Jobber of Polished © @ Plate, Window and Ornamental a ol 5 o lo oi }o 3 GC aSsS. oa ad of So a Oo oj s . . of a Paint, Oil, White Lead, Var- . ox . 3 nishes and Brushes S 2 5 eo} GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. € o and oa L. BUTLER S e Resident Manager 5 x jo % s v - OR SALE CHEAP — $3,000 GENERAL stock and building. Address No. 240, care Michigan Tradesman. 240 MISCELLANEOUS. ANTED—POSITION AS BOOKKEEPER by young lady who has had about a dozen years’ experience in store and office and can give best of references as to character and ability. Address No. 513, care Michigan — man, GAS AND GASOLINE MANTLES Shades, Burners, Chimneys, Mica Goods, etc., at lowest prices. rite for price sheet. Glover’s Wholesale Merchandise Co. 8 and 9 Tower Block, Grand Rapids, Mich, c% ~ ’ ~ a & s ‘ > io . <4 4 t a 4 , ¢ én 4} + - La 4 7: ¢ s ? ' . we} (SssSsosSsSsSJSSscq SSS ° N Holiday Goods oe W ag W We have on display a complete line of everything suitable for Christmas trade, consisting in part of Fancy China, Dinner Ware, Glassware, Leather, Celluloid and Fancy Goods, Dolls, Books, Games, WW Toys, etc. W We handle all our lines on a strictly commission basis, representing the lead- ing manufacturers in their various prod- ucts, and we cordially invite you to call upon us and see for yourself the differ- ence in prices between our up-to-date W methods and the usual channels. Y You can make one good profit on your goods by placing your orders with us. Frank B. Taylor Co. Wy Importers & Commission Merchants 135 Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Michigan \ \ \ \ \ \ ‘° e e e e 07 ° a. ow SS SS SS SS SS SS SS LenS Rempis & Gallmeyer Foundry Co. Manufacturers of all kind of Lawn and Park Settees and Vases, Iron, Brass and ’ Aluminum Castings—————-— Fa 60 to68 NORTH FRONT ST. ' GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. MANUFACTURERS OF The Rempis’ Oscillating Sleigh Knees The ‘Standard’? has been in use eleven winters and has given good satisfaction to the sleighmakers. It has found a ready sale in varjons parts of the country and the call for it will be inereased wherever sleighs are in use. Our ‘*Lumberman” knee is designed and adapted for extra heavy logging service, and makes the stoutest sleigh for woods work. The knee has a square socket which fits between two blocks and rests on both the runner and blocks. The blocks are5‘% inches apart and 3% inches wide, any de- sired length. Four inches from top of runner to bottom of knee. The “ Lumberman” Detached SALES AGENTS Edwards & Chamberlain Hardware Co., Kalamazoo, Suelfiohn & Seefeld, Milwaukee, Wis. { Mich. Nicols & Dean, St. Paul, Minn. Limbach, Sons & Co., Detroit, Mich. Baldwin, Tuthill & Bolton, Grand Rapids, Mich. S. D. Kimbark, Chicago, Ml. Morley Bros., East Saginaw, Mich. Belknap Wagon Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. THE IMPROVED WELSBACH HYDRO-CARBON (GASOLINE) ..LAMPS.. Manufactured Under U. S. Letters Patent. Approved by Fire Insurancc Underwriters. 100 Candle-Power Light for 25c a Month. : 7 FITTED WITH THE WELSBACH HYDRO-CARBON MANTLE, Made Expressly for this Lamp. Send for Catalogue showing different designs and Trade Prices. Address A. T. KNOWLSON, 233 Griswold St., Detroit, Mich. (Conducting Michigan Supply Depot for Welsbach Goods.) Fleischmann & Co.’s Compressed Yeas Mo Gen? % Strongest Yeast % Largest Profit Greatest Satisfaction to both dealer and consumer, -=c¢ bs. be Mtehua bey § COMERESSED do YEAST see S08 sags e VS OUR LABEL > e Fleischmann & Co., 419 Plum Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. N i Grand Rapids Agency, 29 Crescent Ave. Detroit Agency, 111 West Larned Street. WORLD’S BEST So) wy 5C. CIGAR. ALL JOBBERS AND G.J JOHNSON CIGAR CO. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Gi forth eee Mia eae waltt “ ake | 4 trial shipment to = n mat a vathigh St a - with | ape aect e ein vennow ‘To Fibre Butter Packages Convenient and Sanitary Lined with parchment paper. The best class of trade prefer them. Write for prices to dealers. Gem Fibre Package Co. Detroit, Michigan ay se A) & Pree TRADE WINNERS FOR 1900 Rich Fancy Goods, Toilet Cases, Collar and Cuff Boxes, Shaving Outfits, Manicure Sets, Glove and Handkerchief Boxes, Necktie Cases, Celluloid Novelties, Real Ebony Articles, Ebonized Fancy Goods, Sterling Sil- ver Novelties, Art Metal Wares, Fancy Mirrors, Candelabra, Ink Stands, Writing Desks, Work Boxes, Pearl Noveltles, Gold Pens, Fountain Pens, Fancy Baskets, Ploto Albums, Scrap Books, Autograph Albums, Medalions, Silver Plated Ware, Nut Picks and Cracker, Fruit ‘{ > te ‘ 2222992229999 2 Holiday 2 Announcement Our assortment of Holiday Goods for this sea- son’s trade is complete, and we have on sale the Largest and Brightest line of Art Pottery Bohemian Glass Bric=-a- Brac Novelties in French and German China we have ever offered. Our Michigan represen- tatives are now in the State with complete sam- ple lines, and we will be pleased to make arrangements for you to see them. Write for particulars. Kinney & Levan Importers and Jobbers in Crockery, Glass, Lamps and House Furnishing Goods Cleveland, Ohio OOWOOOOWOOOWWOWWOWO \9) Wholesale Earthenware, China, Glassware, Lamps, Dolls, Toys, Etc. 236 Summit and 230, 232, 234, 235 & 236 Water Streets, TOLEDO, OHIO Announcement: Our of Holiday Gocds are now complete and We herewith invite you to examine various lines ready for your inspection. our samples of French, German and Austrian Decor- ated China. Bohemian Cut and Decorated Gilass- ware. English Decorated Dinnerware. Lamps and Lamp Goods. Dolls, Toys, Books and Pictures. Metal and Celluloid Fancy Goods. We shall be pleased to have you pay us a visit. We will endeavor to make the same both pleasant . and profitable for you. The Daudt Glass & Crockery Co, DDDDDHHHHHHHH999 | The Daudt Glass & Crockery Co. § . ey Sa »