THE NEW ERA LIFE ASSOCIATION A MICHIGAN INSTITUTION Celebrates the beginning of its THIRTY-FOURTH YEAR By moving from rented offices into its own home at 126 Sheldon Ave., S. E., Grand Rapids. NEW ERA has an enviable record for fair and prompt settlement of claims. All Standard Forms of Adult and Juvenile Legal Reserve Life Contracts, also Health and Accident. A WONDERFUL NEW CONTRACT We are introducing a new policy known as the ‘Ready Money Contract”, with draft attached, the purpose being to provide the beneficiary with the face amount of policy, within 24 hours after death enters the family. This policy is written on non-medical basis, ages 7 to 50, amount $250 or $500. Ordinary Life rates. A postal card will bring full information. STRONGER THAN EVER BEFORE HOUSANDS of women consider Semdac as a household necessity. For years Semdac Liquid Gloss has been a standard polish in homes throughout the Middle West. With the combina- tion of Semdac Liquid Gloss and Semdac Furni- ture Dressing you can make two sales where you formerly made one. Stock these products... display them... watch the ease with which they sell. STANDARD OIL COMPANY (Indiana) General Offices: 910 South Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. 1707 FURNITURE meet ced FINE Lec Erb 0 1d, 4 i FURNITURE DRESSING LIQ a 4 a Sf oJ] Rew) Ps, oO mt en Pee, — a ren | a: “4 (~WDwm, ei val aa aor re ae i a ’ = oe ; s* pe ~ j : } Ny \ rl) % ee Ce 4 ni) is , a t ye a yt Z. wae +? i Ms »* ow, { y HIGA MICHIGAN TRADESMAN E. A. Stowe, Editor PUBLISHED WEEKLY by Tradesman Company, from its office the Barnhart Building, Grand Rapids, UNLIKE ANY OTHER PAPER. Frank, free and fearless for the good that we can do. Each issue com- olete in itself. DEVOTED TO the best interests of business men, SUBSCRIPTION RATES are as follows: $3 per year, { paid strictty in advance. $4 per year if not paid in advance. Canadian subscription, $4.04 per year, payable invariably in advance. Sample copies 10 cente -ach. . Extra copies of current issues, 10 cents; issues a nonth or more old. 15 cents; issues a year or more ‘ad, 25 cents; issues five years or more old 50 cents. Entered September 23, 1883, at the Postoffice of Grand Rapids as second class matter under Act of March 3, 1879. JAMES M. GOLDING Detroit Representative 507 Kerr Bldg. FOR A CLEAN CITY. Citing the change ‘which has taken place in several Italian cities which be- fore the war had a reputation for dirty streets and uycollected refuse, Dr. George A. Soper draws the conclusion that ‘here is an answer to an argument sometimes advanced with regard to American cities; namely, that the habits of the people make efficient cleansing impossible. If we wish to have a clean city we shall have to do what European cities have done—enact proper laws and see that they are enforced. The co-opera- tion of the public can ‘tbe sought and to some extent, at least, obtained, but such co-operation will not ‘be sufficient. We shall have to rely in no small measure upon legal action. In Euro- pean cities, Dr. Soper notes, persons are not allowed to throw refuse in any considerable amount upon the pave- ment. The penalty for violating this regulation is, first, a warning or, in « some cases, the imposition of a small ‘fine on ‘the spot. If objection is made to payment of the fine, the matter goes to court, whereupon, if the policeman is upheld, a substantial ifine is levied. An interesting point regarding the disposal of refuse is that at the latest and ‘best disposal works, those of Glas- gow, Cologne and Zurich, no attempt is made to recover salable materials. The reason for this apparently strange policy is the belief that it is impossible to make this recovery without the sac- rifice of high sanitary standards. Dr. Soper suggests that, “if the uttermost farthing is to ‘be obtained from a city’s waste,” the salable materials should be kept separate at the house and col- lected separately. No argument is required on behalf of such statements as that true efficiency lies in the employment of methods and equipment best suited to a given situa- tion rather than in the slavish adop- tion of a system, that personnel counts for as much as equipment and that in the task of directing the work of muni- cipal cleansing technical and adminis- trative ability and training are indis- pensable, GRAND RAPIDS, WEDN ESDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1930 In the end improved methods of cleanliness mean economy as well as decency. DESIGN PROTECTION URGED. Supporters of the Vestal copyright design bill held a luncheon rally last week and expressed confidence that this legislation will be granted when the Senate meets. The movement. to cbtain design protection has been un- der way since 1924. The many evils attendant upon de- sign piracy have ‘been quite adequately pointed out. ‘There is little to protect the originator from cheap imitations which not only destroy his own mar- ket once the new design becomes suc- cessful ibut also create unfair ‘competi- tion for those who have purchased his product. As one of the speakers at the lunch- eon pointed out, anyone who stole a bolt of goods would be sent to prison, while the theft of design ideas in- volving a much greater cost than a bolt of the finest silk is common and carries no penalty. Almost coincident with the rally for the Vestal bill a very strong denun- ciation of the measure was voiced by the spokesman for the retail interests. He maintained that the retailers were in favor of protection ‘for original de- sigs, ‘but deplored the endless con- troversy and litigation which might result. He declared that the measure was put forward iby a “selfish group of manufacturers seeking to obtain monopolies of production and distribu- tion.” As far as litigation is concerned, the retailers appear to |be amply. pro- tected by the provision of the bill which relieve ‘them of all responsibility for merchandise on hand until notice of copyright is received. On the score of monopoly it would tbe just as proper to argue that the stores shiuld not sell ‘books, music or other articles which are either copyrighted or patented. The organized retailers have appar- ently aligned themselves on the side of cheap imitations and design piracy. Se ee ENGLISH SCHEME EXPLAINED ‘The price-cutting evil in the drug trade has been attacked by Edward Plaut, of Lehn & Fink, who has re- turned from abroad with a description of how the problem is met in England through the Proprietary Articles Trade Association. This organization is composed of manufacturers, whole- salers and retailers and issues a “pro- tected list.” The retailer agrees to maintain prices on all articles so listed, and if he violates this agreement is shut off from all supplies of articles on the list. The consumer is said to tbe quite satisfied with this arrangement because he never pays more than the fixed price and no substitution is practiced. The retailer, of course, enjoys his profit and has no need to fear compe- tition. The wholesaler does not get squeezed ifor extra discounts and also is assured his profit. Mr. Plaut quotes an authority as saying that “the beginning of prosper- ous conditions in the retail drug trade and the ending of indiscriminate price- cutting were practically simultaneous.” He points out that it is time that the business here yielded a fair profit and a prosperous future, adding: “Certainly, if England can lick the problem, we ca’.” No doubt the same plan adopted here might accomplish good, but it is a question whether the temperament of customers here is what it is abroad. The thought is offered that the desire for a bargain is much more highly developed in this country than in most others. Then, too, the competition which wou'd immediately spring up against a fixed price list might offer manufacturers a highly vexing problem. DRY GOODS CONDITIONS. The sudden change to cold weather combined ‘with apparel clearance sales last week to push up retail sales. Local stores reported brisk trade and offices representing out-of-town retailers not- ed.a gain in orders, principally. on heavier clothing and Winter acces- sories. Christmas Club savings are now available and this will influence more liberal buying by consumers. Holiday shopping is now more notice- ab'e and: early reports mention a more definite trend than ever toward articles of utility and of careful canvassing to locate the best values. Criticism has een leveled at the stores for not reflecting ‘price reduc- tions at wholesale to ‘the fullest ex- tent possible. There has also ‘been com- plaint that stocks were meager. Both charges can scarcely be upheld with respect to the larger stores in the cities, though perhaps it is true that firms with limited competition in the smaller communities are offenders. So far as stocks are concerned the latest report for the stores in this area put the dollar value of inventories at the end of October as 5 per cent. under the total ‘for the same date last year in the case of department stores. The decrease for apparel stores was 14% per cent. Off-hand this might seem to bear out the criticism imade, but prices to-day average more than 20 iper cent. lower, indicating that inventories in quantities or units were larger. ee You cannot ‘build a skyscraper on a weak foundation, neither can you be- come an expert merchandiser without thorough preparation. ceeeeceeeeeenis ees When clerks act like school boys trying to outwit their teacher they raise a barrier between themselves and the merchant, Index To Special Advertisers. American Light & Traction ________ 105 Banerott Fotel €o. is SAMKGRS “ExUSE. Co 28 eee 97 Barclay. Ayres & Bertsch Co. ______ 38 Bastian-Blessine Co. 0 109 Belding Basket Co. 2.2 70 Boot &/€0. 22 ee 61 Alfred J:. Brown Seed Co. .. 5. | at Citizens Mutual Automobile Ins. Co._ 15 Cities: Service €0..2 (8ee ees | ot Commonwealth & Southern _________ 95 Consumers Power Co... 2 81 Detroit Wholesale Merchants Bureau 8&3 Dutch Tea Rusk Co. Hhdson.. Moore & @o. 22 Ferris Institute 222.0003 14 Woley (GO 90 HWremont Canning ©o. 2029 a 47 Bricidaive; Co. 2) ee es eas 79 Globe Knittines. Works 59 Grande -Sriek: Co, ee BY Grand Rapids Calendar Co. __________ 73 Grand Rapids Gas: @o.0 2 51 Grand Rapids Sash & Door Co. ______ a. Grand. Rapids Savings Bank __________ 87 Crand Ranids Wholesale Grocer Co.__ 30 Grinnell Bros. oe 32 Sherwood. Hall Co. 2. as Hazeltine & Perkins Drug Co. ______ 41 Hd CHMeing o.oo a 88 K, Hemzelnan & Co: 2.3 2 | 12 Hekman Biscuit Co. EHerkyers 2.0) BES Bros: i ee Lake Odessa Canning Co. _ 5 Lee & Cady NS oe a ie 45 Se Third Cover Ei. Leonard &: Sons: =) 6 320 ns 69 John . bynch Sales Co. 220 ie MeConneli-Kerr: Oo, 2.7 See 71 Medusa Portland Cement Co. ________ 55 Michigan Bankers & Merchants Mut. Hire eins: Cou 6 a ek ee eee 35 Michigan HWardware @€o (92-0000 2 a5 Michigan Mutual Liability Co. _____. 59 Michigan Shoe Dealers Mut. Fire Ins. CS ee ere ne Lee nena fee GC. Wee Mills’ Paper Cou 1 tas ot Ss. A. Mopman'& Co: 22 isi ie 22 Morton Sale Co. 2225 8 93 Muller: Bakeries... 0 oso Si 103 Win Mullion Ce 2 oe ee 109 Nachteral Mire. Co, 220 5 3 National Cash Reeister Co. {2 = 4 New Era Insurance Ass’n. __Front Cover Oceana. Gannine, Co.) 72 Peerless Glove, Co. 2 22 3 61 Petoskey Portland Cement Co. __.__ 63 Petter. Curtis @ Petter: 107 Postma Biscuit Co 28 8 asi © Pref. Automobile Ins. Co. __ 56 Putnam (Wactory 2) 2 ei Pare 108 rademacker-Dooge Grocer Co. __.___ 43 ted Arrow Servic Co. __.._. Back Cover We. Ro Roach &' Co. ee 49 Roseberry-Henry Electric Co. __.___ 12 SYMONS, Bros. & €q. oa 101 Standard Grocer & Milling Co. _____ 19 Dansictogt Co. 092 es ee 26 Valley City Milling Co = eae 67 Minkomulder ©o, 2 ee os ee 36 Watson-Higgins Milling Co. ___ 22 A OW. Walsh © Co =. 20 Wolverine Shoe & Tanning Corp. ___ 99 Woolson Spice Co. 60 ~ _—_ Has Canned Food Sale Each Month. Another grocer tells us that he dis- tributes sales bulletins every week and once a month runs a canned foods special on them. All canned foods are shown in unit, dozen and case “lot prices. For instance, corn may be listed at 22 cents a can, $2.40 a dozen, and $4.75 a case. Peaches may be shown at 28 cents a can, $3.30 a dozen, and $6.50 a case. These bulletins always carry a line in heavy type: “Watch Our Show Windows For This Merchandise,” and so during the week the bulletins are being distributed one window is given ‘over entirely to the canned foods men- tioned. Each assortment in the display has a printed price tag showing the unit, dozen and case lot prices. A few copies of the bulletin are pasted on the window pane as a reminder. The savings offered customers on quantity purchases induce many to buy in dozen and case lots and this has icreased, Mr. Koehler's canned foods’ sales considerably, Number 2463 RESO RAO SIR SA ERE OR A ASN CO PR sc See MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary DIPHTHERIA PREVENTION Saved Far More Than Cost of Inten- sive Campaign. Any pollution entering a water sup- ply constitutes a serious menace to the public health of a community because the people, through a false sense of security, may place complete depend- ence on the purity of the supply. It is tthe unknown danger that is most serious, and sources of possible pollu- tion must be sought and guarded against. To assist in this work the State Board of Health has adopted the policy of inspecting municipal supplies regu- larly, as follows: (a) Surface and other supplies with sources of questionable character are inspected at least an- nually; (b) shallow well and question- able deep well supplies, every two years; (c) satisfactory deep well sup- plies every three years. This procedure has been quite con- sistently followed, and it is believed that very good check on the quality of the supplies has been maintained espe- cially in conjunction with the interim control afforded by the routine an- alyses of surface supplies monthly, shallow well supplies quarterly, and deep well supplies semiannually. Un- favorable analyses are followed up by communication with officials and by special investizations if believed neces- sary. In short, the object is to anticipate trouble and co-operatively secure im- provements to safeguard the water supplies before an epidemic of water- borne disease is experienced. Drilled wells assume an important place in the water supplies of Wiscon- sin since of the 284 municipalities or communities having a waterworks, 252 secure their water supply from ground water sources, 212 of these supplies being obtained all or in part from drilled wells, the population so served being 787,804 as based on the 1930 census. In the development of safe ground water supplies, three main factors must tbe considered: (1) Satisfactory loca- tion with respect to pollution sources; (2) proper well construction; (3) cor- rect pump connections. The first two of these factors are more or less interrelated, and though primarily constituting a part of the well driller’s duties should also con- cern the waterworks official, The third pertains to the driller only in so far as making the completed well: in- stallation such that the pump connec- tions may be made in the proper man- ner. Because of the importance of dri'led wells in furnishing water supplies for the citizens of Wisconsin, it is essen- tial that the best possible workman- ship be obtained in well construction. In order to better the status of well drilling in the State, the Wisconsin Association of Well Drillers will re- quest ‘the 1931 Legislature to enact a law authorizing examination and _ li- censing iof well drillers. A common fault in the development of well water supplies has been their improper location with respect to sur- foce drainage, flooding during times of high water and proximity to sources of surface or sewage pollution, such as streams, sink holes or crevices, aban- doned uncapped wells, sewers, privy vaults, cesspools, or other devices for sewage disposal by soil absorption. Failure to need the proximity of such pollution factors has resulted in a considerab!e number of typhoid fever and gastrointestinal epidemics. In protecting wells against pollution, special attention should be paid not only to surface protection, as is now generally recognized, but also to the construction of that portion of the well below the ground, which may be within the zone of influence of these sources of pollution. All ‘wells should be cased to a point below the lowest probable ground water table and where a well extends into the rock, the casing should be thoroughly and permanently sealed into a hard, compact, uncreviced rock formation. Again, special attention should be given to the casing in limestone forma- tions, and generally all formations of this character, where possibility of ground water pollution exists, should be thoroughly cased and sealed off. Of the 284 communities in Wiscon- sin with public water supplies, 32 se- cure their water from surface sources through 28 waterworks systems, serv- ing a total population of about 963,- 832. Only two of the twenty-eight are without purification, thirteen utilize chlorination only, and thirteen have complete purification plants. It is desirable to emphasize here that chlorination »%f surface supplies does not always constitute adequate protec- tion against disease-producing impuri- ties. Waters having a fluctuating organic content or receiving varying amounts of wastes which have a chlorine-ab- sorbing power, are always open to sus- picion when chlorination alone is de- pended upon, since sufficient free or residual chlorine must be present in the water long enough to insure steril- ization of the supply. The responsibility of municipal and waterworks officials does not end when the water supply has been se- cured irom a safe source or adequately purified, since protection of the supply is necessary from its source until it is delivered to the consumer. Cross connection with polluted fac- tory supplies installed for emergency purposes may cause pollution of a sup- ply at any time. By a cross connec- tion is meant a connection between the distribution system of a public or private potable water supp!y and a private or secondary nonpotable water supply. Elimination of such connections is very desirable. Where such a proce- dure unduly increases the fire hazard, the minimum protection under the pro- visions of the State Code must be in the form of an approved type of double gate and. check valve installations, and regular monthly inspection by water- works officials. During 1929 a typhoid fever out- break occurred in a Wisconsin munici- pality which was definitely traceable to a cross ‘connection between the city supply and a polluted river supply used for industrial purposes. The epidemic resulted in twenty-one cases of typhoid fever, six of which were fatal. To further safeguard against epi- demics of this nature, the State Board .of Health, through the Bureau of Sani- tary Engineering, inaugurated a state- wide survey of cross connections, Considerable progress has already been made in this survey to ascertain and bring about necessary changes or improvements to adequately protect the public health. Dr. Howard A. Lampher. —__+ + +. Items From the Cloverland of Michi- gan. Sault Ste. Marie, Dec. 2—Now that the deer war is over and the army of mighty huntters have returned to their jobs again, we hear from Dave Williams, our ‘bow and arrow artist. Well, Dave is back and brought back the bacon. Here is Dave’s story, which we know is true. Armed with a bow and arrow he pushed into the Tahquamenon timberland in Indian fashion to bring down a ibuck. It was the ‘first deer to ‘be killed by an arrow in this area for many years. Dave wounded the deer with a well placed arrow and after a long push through the woods, trailing the wounded animal he shot the deer through the shoulder with a revolver. The arrow had en- tered the viscera of the deer, but did not draw enough ‘blood to track. How- ever, the blood from the ‘bullet wound permitted the hunter to track the deer. The animal would have died from the arrow wound, but might not have been found except for the pistol shot. Go- ing out Saturday morning Dave sta- tioned ‘himself in a thicket near a run- way. After he had ‘been there about a. hour a big ibuck came along and stopped in front of him, not over fifty feet away. ‘He let him have it through the body and he could see the arrow stuck in the deer as he jumped away. After trailing him but about half an hour he saw him three different times, but he was always circling for the swamp. He could not get iclose enough to shoot another arrow and did not want to see him get into the swamp and die, so finished him with his re- volver. Dave also relates how he shot at two more deer, but missed both of them. The first arrow went about three feet above the neck, while ‘the other struck a twig and was carried from its true course. Our local news- paper carried a photo of Mr. Williams, designating him as the hero of the day. L. Potvin, Jr., has opened a new gas station on the ‘Roosevelt thhighwav across from the Pine cemetery, six miles from the Soo. Mr. Potvin has comfortable living rooms in connection, also carries ‘a small grocery and con- fectionery stock and expects to keep open during the winter. Mrs. E. ‘Nicholson, who has been conducting a small igas station on M 48, near ‘Stalwart, has enlarged the store tc accommodate dancing parties. She carries a small assortment of groceries as well as candies and tobaccos. This place will keep open. the ear round. Don’t worry if your dentist seems unhappy. It is his (business to look down in the mouth. It might be interesting to know how the Canadian Soo came to the front as quickly as it has, which shows what can ‘be accomplished with the right man on the job. Back in 1894 the Struggling little town of 2,000 people tried to put themselves on the map through building a water power in the rapids. The Sault spent about a quar- ter of a million. Nobody turned up to use it. The debt threatened to sink the place. Then by chance a couple of citizens met a man on the train and, full of woe, ttold him the story. The stranger happened to tbe Francis H. Clergue, an idealist with a turn for raising money. When he left the Sault in 1906, he had spent some $70,- 000,000 in enlarging the water power, building a fpulp mill, a steel plant, a reduction works, a machine shop, a railway and he had opened up. an iron mine and gold mine. These and other things. The dark days of 1903 passed away with a Joan of $2,000,000 from the Ontario government, which was quickly discharged. A_ steel tariff helped them and Dominion bounties. The Fimance -Minister, Mr. Fielding, was able in 1911 to show that the cus- toms revenue caused through Algoma activities had equalled all the Domin- ion ‘bounties paid at the ‘Sault. In 1915 when the steel plant needed money to make munitions, a young Sault lawyer, John A. McPhail, stepped into the breach. While mayor he had to go out and sell debentures. This experi- ence gave him confidence he could in- terest capital. He made a dea! with Chicago men which enabled the Sault to step into its most prosperous years. The Chicago men grew to have a prodigious confidence in him. Result: The expenditure of millions in develop- ing ‘water powers ‘in Algoma, beginning with the little power plant on the ‘Michipicoten River which had ‘given up the ghost years before. Mr. Mc- Phail’s work was the most helpful of all the Sault’s efforts and tthe new ex- pansion confidently looked for in the immediate future will result largely from his efforts. A paper mill came along, when H. E. Talbot, who hap- pened to tbe a contractor on ‘the Clergue expansion took hold of the old pulp mill. W. C. Franz carried the burden of the steel plant through quiet years. J. D. Jones, who built the ‘biggest steel plant in the world— the Gary plant of 'the U.'S. Steel Cor- poration—decided to come to the Sault in 1922 and his genius worked out the technique of the new expansion. Rob- ert Turnbull, an electrochemical ex- pert, brought James Kelleher and Fitz- gerald Laboratories from Niagara Falls, N. Y., and Mr. Kelleher thas be- gun his work of making alloys and solving Algoma ore ‘problems. ‘These men’s opinions ‘are respected every- where. They had R. Home Smith, of Toronto, one of Canada’s outstanding financial organizers, on the firing line. When they really needed the iron bounty Premier Ferguson was on hand to give it. His aggressive leadership meant everything to them. It was Algoma’s luck he was premier. When the steel tariff was pushed into the front, they had a young man, Tom F. Rahilly, who was ‘able to bring a hife- time study of the situation to help the tariff lboard, -and the report of the board made it clear that he was the sheet anchor in the discussions at Ottawa.. Thus it thas been down the ~~ years. Fate never failed the Sault. Jim Lyons got them the roads they needed and converted the government to Algoma development. Then just at the right moment Tom Simpson, as a protectionist, was given the re- sponsible position of conservative whip and a real say at Ottawa. They have lived up to their motto, “Nothing suc- ceeds like success.” A community is no greater than its leaders and once again ‘Algoma is proving the od be- lief that everything depends on the man, There seems to be very little un- employment among persons who make a ‘business of relieving something. Ham Hamilton, the well-known Pickford merchant, ‘was a ‘business caller here last week, taking back a load of Christmas supplies. William G. Tapert. —— Nlone of us can live well by an oc- casional good resolution. Everything depends on storing up in ourselves, by a habit of well-doing, a greait and ever-increasing fund of moral power which shall be available to brace us against sudden temptation, to help us to carry out better purposes and to hold us steady and true to the ideal. Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN = everyone engaged im the marketing of foods We extend the sincere wish for a Merry Christmas GENERAL FOODS SALES COMPANY, INc. and the GENERAL FOODS SALESMEN . MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary MOVEMENTS OF MERCHANTS. Allegan—Ed Styles, recently of Go- bles, has engaged in the meat business in the Mosier block on Hubbard stree:. . Detroit—The Enterprise - Specialty Co., 1015 Dime Bank building, has been incorporated with a capital stock of $12,500, $1,260 being subscribed and paid in in cash. Kalamazoo — Clifford Myers has severed his connection with the Smith Radio Shop and engaged in a similar business under his own name at 605 South Burdick street. Detroit—Banner Detroit, 1341 Ade- laide street, has been incorporated to manufacture and deal in toilet goods, hair oils, etc., with a capital stock of $20,000 all subscribed and paid in. Detroit—The Detroit Radio Stores, Inc., 6400 Woodward avenue, has been incorporated to deal in radios at retail, with a capital stock of $10,000, $1,000 ‘being subscribed and paid in in cash. Ludington—Camille Gaudet, former manager of the local J. J. Newberry store, has purchased a third interest in the men’s furnishings and shoe stock of Newberg Bros., 107 South James street. Lansing—Mattison’s jewelry store, which has been closed during the ex- tensive remodeling of the New Lan- sing Theatre building, in which the establishment is located, is now open for business. Detroit—Francine Drugs, Inc., 1363 First National Bank building, has been incorporated to conduct a retail drug business with an authorized capital stock of $10,000, $2,300 being sub- scribed and paid in in cash. Leland — August Brager, 60 years old, of Good Harbor, was burned to death in his country store six miles from here Friday when fire destroyed the building before neighbors could save him or summon help. Wixom—The Wixom Co-operative Association, Inc., farm products, etc., has merged its business into a stock company under the style of the Wixom Co-operative Co. with a capital stock of $50,000, $17,200 being subscribed and paid in. Lansing — The Detroit Cut Rate Fruit & Vegetable Market, 320 South Washington avenue, has been incor- porated to deal in fruits, produce, vegetables and groceries with a cap- ital stock of $10,000, all subscribed and paid in. Perry—Ora Hempsted has sold his stock of groceries and general mer- chandise to W. H. Kelly, who will consolidate it with his own stock of bazaar goods in the Hempsted store building. The grocery stock is being closed out at special sale. Grand Rapids—The Morton Lacquer Sales Co., 328 Houseman building, has been incorporated to deal in wood, and metal and leather lacquers, with a cap- ital stock of 10,000 shares at $100 a share, 5,000 shares at $50 a share, of which amount $5,000 has been sub- scribed and paid in. Port Huron — The First National Bank & Trust Company and the Fed- eral Commercial & Savings Bank of Port Huron have merged under the style of the First National Trust & Savings Bank. -This will give Port Huron a bank with total rescurces of more than $15,000,000. Detroit—The Banner Products Co., 1160 South Cary street, has been incor- porated to manufacture and deal at wholesale and retail in liquid malt ex- extracts with an authorized capital stock of 10,000 shares at $1 a share, $5,000 of which has been subscribed and paid in. Manufacturing Matters. Rock—The local excelsior plant of the American Forest Products Co., of Chicago, has been closed for an in- definite time. Deroit—The G. & G. Plating Works, Inc., 2319 Spruce street, has been in- corporated with a capital stock of $10,- 000, $1,000 being subscribed and paid in, Detroit—The Chief Electric Water Heater Co., 13319 12th street, has been incorporated with a capital stock of 7,500 shares no par value, $3,115 being subscribed and paid in. Chelsea—The Chelsea Foundry & Manufacturing Co., Inc., has merged its business into a stock company un- der the same style with a capital stock of $50,000, $40,000 being subscribed and paid in. Muskegon—Modern Devices, Inc., 1208 West Western avenue, automatic hammer, etc., has been incorporated with a capital stock of 2,400 shares at $50 a share, $120,000 being subscribed and paid in in property. Detroit — The Fisher Combustion Devices Corporation, 2539 Woodward avenue, has been organized to manu- facture and sell mechanical devices for fuel combustion with a capital stock of $1,000, all subscribed and paid in. Portland—The National Fire Extin- guisher Service, Inc., has been organ- ized to manufacture and sell fire ex- tinguishers, chemicals, etc., to fire de- partments, with a capital stock of $20,- 060, all subscribed and $10,820 paid in. Manistique—Fred Peterson and Ben Pollock have formed the Peterson-Pol- lock Co. and taken over the sauer kraut plant of the Manistique Lactic Food Co. which has been closed for some time and wili open it at once. Detroit—The Igloo Cooler Corpora- tion, 3345 Kendall avenue, has been in- corporated to manufacture and sell automatic electric coolers with a cap- ital stock of $25,000, $10,000 of which has been subscribed and paid in. Lansing—The John Deere Plow Co. of Moline, East Michigan avenue, has merged its business into a stock com- pany under the style of the John Deere Plow Co. of Lansing, with a capital stock of $100,000, $1,000 being sub- scribed and paid in. —_++-<.___ Peanuts As An Economical Food. The plentiful supply of peanuts this year should find a ready demand as a cheap food, J. H. Beattie, horticultur- ist of the Bureau of Plant Industry, states. Pointing out the high food value of peanuts, he states this year’s supply aggregates about 7,000,000 pounds. The following additional in- formation is furnished by Mr. Beattie: Peanuts and soy beans are the only vegetable fcods which can tbe thought of as supplying complete protein in the diet. Peanut butter has a much greater .-amining into sale made under. the. trus- food value than round steak. It con- tains only the roasted peanuts and from 1 to 2 per cent. salt. In Farm- ers’ Bulletin 332, entitled “Nuts and Their Uses as Food,” it is stated that peanut butter contains one and one- half times more protein, more than three times more fat, nearly five times more ash, and three times more fuel value than round steak. In addition to this, peanut ‘butter contains 17.1 per cent. of carbohydrates, while steak con- tains none. Pound for pound, peanut butter has a much greater food value than round steak, though it sells at a lower price. In the early days of manufacture peanut butter was sold largely as a food for invalids, but it soon outgrew this limited use. It is used primarily for sandwiches although there are many other palatable ways of serving it, as for ‘nstance, mixing it with chili sauce, or serving in cream soup with lemon. Few crops have experienced such a rapid growth in acreage and produc- tion. A native of Brazil, the peanut was carried by early slave ships to Africa, whence it was brought to this country along with the slaves in colo- nial times. The ‘Civil War gave the first important impulse to its culture. When the Union armies disbanded, the soldiers carried a knowledge and an appreciation of peanuts to all parts of the country. By 1868, 300,000 bushels were raised in Virginia, and 11 years later, in 1879, commercial estimates placed the yield for the country at 1,725,000 iushels. Peanuts are always a safe crop for the farmer for if they cannot be mar- keted for food, they make excellent fodder for the livestock, or can be. dis- posed of for the manufacture of oleo- margarine, peanut oil, meal. and peanut —_+++____ Late Business News From Indiana. Evansville—Harry M. Punshon, 52, who for many years was associated with Edward Miller in a department store on the West Side heré, died at his home. He is survived by his widow and one son. Burial was in a local cemetery. Indianapolis — Alfred Lauter, 58, 3046 Washington boulevard, president, H. Lauter Co., furniture manufacturers, died Monday at St. Vincent’s Hospital, following a month’s illness. Funeral _ services were held Wednesday at the Flanner & Buchanan Mortuary, Dr. F. S. C. Wicks, pastor of All Souls Unitarian Church, officiating, Vevay—Wallace L. Tilley, proprietor of Tilley Clothing Store, men’s cloth- ing and furnishings, is dead. Danville—Judge Robert C. Baltzell, of the U. S. District Court at Indian- apolis, has ordered Mamie S. Ham- burger, shoe dealer, to appear in court on Dec. 16 to answer the petition re- cently filed by three creditors. John O. Lewis, appointed receiver, has filed a report stating that he, in company with Harry F. Pavey, trustee prior to bankruptcy, and Isadore Feibleman, receiver’s counsel, have gone to Dan- ville to take charge of stock of mer- chandise, fixtures and money belong- ing to the debtor, and that, after ex- teeship and inspecting stock of mer- chandise, had reached the conclusion “that continuance of the business would be inadvisable because the sales had dwindled so and for further reason that additional sales might break up the stock to an extent such as to interfere with its subsequent sale in bulk.” The report further states that it is the re- ceiver’s opinion that the merchandise and fixtures should be sold at the earliest time possible in order to ter- minate rent expense and in order that best prices may be obtained while the merchandise is still seasonable and salable. -He also urged that inventory and appraisement be made immediately so that this will be available to show prospective purchasers, and so that there may be a sale as soon as possi- ble. The court was petitioned to ap- point three appraisers. —_++-.—____ Veils Add Chic To Many Hats. It doesn’t take a particularly keen eye these days to spot the sprinkling of wee veils that are covering the noses of some of our smartest New Yorkers. Yet what is only a sprinkling in New York uniformity in Paris. is practically a Every chic Parisienne, we hear, has at least one hat which she wears with a veil. And since it is an era in which individuality—if nothing else— is pros- perous, one will find veils long, short and shorter. The long veil’s length is a matter of reaching one’s chin. It is drawn back with the ends either tied or tucked away or fastened by a pin and left loose to give a perky touch to the back of one’s hat. The shortest veil covers just that piece of forehead left bare by the hat that is cut back more over one eye. And the short veil is nose length, and is considered a bit more formal than the others. While, as we have said, there is no reason other than individual taste for the various lengths of veils, there is a very good reason for their existence. And that is, they keep smooth and neatly arranged all the hair left with- out the confines of present-day hats. To be smart these days a veil must be a plain, fairly open mesh and of very fine thread, so that really it almost looks like a hair net. Any dots or em- broidered patterns go over the hat, not the face. Needless to say, the veil is always black, except with a dark brown hat. And, of course, a brimmed hat must dispense with this latest fashion inno- vation. ——_+-+___ Religious Holiday Cards Wanted. An unexpected demand for holiday cards which emphasize the religious note is reported in the .greeting card trade. The development was unlook- ed for, because cards of this type have been losing ground in the last few years. Reorder business on the Christmas cards thas developed in a strong way during the last week and business on both domestic and import- ed cards has been active. The heavy demand at this time is betieved to re- flect a consumer tendency to earlier shopping for cards this season. Vol- ume business is confined to cards re- -tailing around 10-cents..-- Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 5 . Essential Features of the Grocery Staples. Sugar—Jobbers hold cane granulated at 5.30 and beet granulated at 5.10c. Canned Vegetables—The low offer- ings on tomatoes appear to be confined to No. 2 tins, standard, as other sizes are holding up at quotations listed. Corn is still fairly well maintained in some markets, but Golden Bantam continues to be a soft spot. There are occasional offerings of Crosby to be picked up, but most packers say they have withdrawn on it. When offered it is quoted sometimes considerably below the opening quotations. Fancy Crosby rules around $1.15 when it can be had. Peas are still in a fairly good position, but occasional offerings can be picked up at bargain prices. Cheap- er grades continue to move fast, and fifty-nine of the largest Wisconsin can- ners have reported that they have al- ready contracted for 65 per cent. of their packs and that 42 per cent. of this amount has already been shipped. Pressure to sell, however, has often found prevailing prices shaded by good margins, Dried Fruits—Apricots continue gen- erally firmer, with the higher grades pretty well cleaned up on the Coast, Due to this shortage a greater demand has developed for the lower grade fruits. The same situation holds true for peaches and pears to a large de- gree. Raisins continue firm on the Coast and present quotations are well maintained. Muscats were not affected by the recent increase in primary prices. The growers’ pool has not as yet announced its new prices, but may do so, it is reported, this week, and as the pool now controls practically all raisin stocks, it is expected that these prices will be on a basis above present packed quotations. The seasonal move- ment of figs has been quite satisfactory and the shortage of Smyrna bulk vari- eties was felt acutely in this as well as other distributing centers. Califor- nia figs went into many new channels of consumption and the trade is still absorbing shipments as fast as they arrive. An increased movement of black figs on the spot has rounded out the demand. More dates from abroad are due to arrive during the first part . of December. Owing to the low prices this year, some foreign countries, par- ticularly Germany, have shifted their demand from the smaller to the larger sizes of prunes, as they can get them at about the same quotations. Canned Fish—The situation in pink salmon has improved appreciably at primary markets. With pinks offered at $1, Coast; they were an item that the trade took to in a speculative manner. The result is that large stocks have been taken off the packers’ hands, but they are still to be disposed of by the trade, and the present is not the season for moving salmon into con- suming channels. However, pinks are in a position for a firmer trend later. Salt Fish — The market continues strong with-further: increases in quo- tations probable in the near future. In fact, prices would probably be much higher than they are at present, weré it not for present business conditions generally, The production for the next year was short and buyers face not so much a condition of rising prices as of short supplies, it is reported. Fac- tors expect to clean out stocks at an unusually early date this year. Nuts—Domestic almonds have gone over very well this year. Buyers have found them sufficiently improved in quality to substitute them for imported varieties when the latter were short and high. As a result many new chan- nels were opened to them and growers and packers stand a very good chance of broadening out their market per- manently. California walnuts also moved in satisfactory volume. Busi- ness on the spot was particularly good and shipments were made by rail to expedite deliveries. The trade found its stocks very bare and stressed immedi- ate delivery with about all orders for fear of losing business. As to imported nuts interest among importers and job- bers seems now to center in the first arrivals of exotic walnuts which are due here later this month. They are priced lower than French walnuts and may find a good market for Christmas trade. Pickles—With a pronounced short- age of genuine large sized dills at primary markets, a stronger trend should be evident, but disinterest of the trade has acted to keep prices at a standstill, There seems to be no demand to speak of for other than varieties which have graded out in very light volume this year, namely, dills from 800 to 1,800 count. Holiday busi- ness may stimulate demand in consum- ing channels somewhat. Rice—There is little change in the market. The trade is still restricting its buying to small lots and millers in the South are curtailing their opera- tions in an effort to avoid piling up of stocks. The growers are beginning to store their rice, awaiting a more favorable opportunity of selling it. The present price is the lowest in some few years, and millers are trying with every resource to prevent a further break. Long grain rice is short and firm on the spot and at primary mar- kets. Sauerkraut—A continued easy situa- tion exists in sauerkraut, with some Western competition still in evidence on the spot. State packers have acted to curtail their output, but demand at the present time is comparatively slight for the present season of the year. Vinegar—Except for replacement de- mand to fill out stocks the trade is not taking on any great supply of vinegar at the present time. Business has been so far disappointing, as cooler weather was awaited as a stimulant to trading. Stocks generally are light. > + 2. _.Man owes his growth, his energy, chiefly to that striving of the will that conflicts with difficulty, which we call, effort. Easy, pleasant work does not make robust minds, does not give men a consciousness of their powers, does not train them-to endurance, to per- severance, to steady force of will, that force without which all other acquisi- tions avail nothing.—William Ellery CHanning. ; Review of the Produce Market. Apples—Current quotations are as follows: Spies” A’ Grade: 2 ee) toes $2.25 Spies: Commercial: 2 202-2 1.50 Baldwins, A Grade.) 225008 2.00 Baldwins, Commerctal: <2 2 2 | 1.25 Mcintosh: A Grade: _.- 222.2 225 McIntosh, Commercial __________ 1.56 Snows, AiGrade oo oo oe 2.25 Snows, Commercial = 1.25 Waeners; A Grade == +2 = __ 1.50 Wagners, Commercial ____.-.___ 1.00 Wealthys, A Grade -__-._-____-_ 1.50 Wealthys, Commercial _.------_- 1.10 Maiden Blush, A Grade _____.--- 1.25 Maiden Blush, Commercial ____- 2 Banana & Grade 2 1.75 Bamana. (© Grade =. 25 1.25 Delicious, A Grade 245 0 se. 2.50 Delicious, © Grade 2220 os 1.75 N. W. Greenings, A Grade ___-_- 1.50 N. W. Greenings, C Grade __---- 1.00 R. I. Greenings, A Grade __---- 2.50 R. I. Greenings, C Grade ____.- 1.50 Grimes Golden, A Grade _____-_- 2.00 Grimes Golden, C Grade ______- 1.00 Hubbardstons, A Grade ______-- 2.00 Hubbardstons, C Grade _____--- 1.25 Jonathans; A Grade _. 2.25 fonathans, © Grade 9-2 82 25 Kings; A Grade = 2 5 225 Shiawassee, A Grade ___________ 2.00 Shiawassee, © Grade .2 22 1.25 Talman Sweets, A Grade _______ 2.00 Talman Sweets, € Grade _______ 1.25 Wolf Rivers, 3 in. up., Bakers __ 1.50 Wolt Rivers, C Grade 1.00 Pippins, 20-0z., 344 m. min? _.__ 1.75 Pippins, Commercial Grade ______ 1.25 Cooking Apples, all varieties __ .50 Bananas—6@6%c per Ib. Butter—At the present writing there are liberal receipts and only a fair de- mand. Jobbers hold 1 lb. plain wrap- ped prints at 34c and 65 lb. tubs at 33c for extras and 32c for firsts. Cabbage—85c per bu. Carrots—85c per bu. Cauliflower—$2.50 per crate of 12 to 16 home grown. Celery—40@60c per bunch for home grown, Cocoanuts—80ce per doz. or $6 per bag. ~ Cranberries—Late Howes, $4 per 4 bbl. Cucumbers—No. 1 hot house, $1.75 per doz. Dried Beans—Michigan jobbers are quoting as follows: CoH Pea Beans 22-2 $5.00 Ejeht: Red. Kidney __.2. 7.25 Dark Red Kidney. oD Eggs—Local jobbers pay 38c for choice, 35¢ for general run and 30c for ptllet: eggs. Cold storage operators offer their supplies on the following basis: XX candied in cartons =... =... 29c DO candied? 2 26c Me Catdled i 22c @hecks os 20c Grapefruit—Extra fancy sells as fol- lows: Aes es _-$4.00 G4 a ee 4.00 WS ee 4.00 SO ee 4.25 OG 6 3.50 Choice is held as follows: Be SAO Oe 3.50 ee ee 3.75 0 3.75 OG Ge es 3.00 Grapes—$1.75 for Calif. Emperors in 30 Ib. lugs. ees Green Onions—60c for Shalots. Lettuce — In good demand on the following basis: Imperial Valley, 4s, per crate __--$5.00 Imperial Valley, 5s, per crate ____ 5.00 Hot house leai, in 10 lb. baskets __ 60c Lemons—To-day’s quotations are as follows: S60) “Sunkist 2200252 $6.75 S00) Stinkich 22 ee 6.75 560: Red: Balk 3 5.25 300 Red Ball. 5 00) ee 5.75 Limes—$1.75 per box. Nuts — Michigan Black Walnuts, $1.50 per bu.; Hickory, $2 per bu. Oranges—Fancy Sunkist California Navels are now sold as follows: 126 ee ee ee $7.50 TQ oe 7.50 W7G) 2 ee 7.50 COQ 2200 ee 7.00 1G oS ee 6.50 CoA oe a ee 3.29 288 20 ee 5.00 SA es 4.25 Floridas extra fancy are held as fol- lows: 2G ee $4.00 190 2 4.00 £70 2 eee 4.00 200) ee ee 4.00 216 4.00“ 292 os ae ASS) 2s ee 3.50 S24 ee 3.29 Choice are 25c per ‘box less. Onions—Spanish from Spain, $2.25 per crate; “home grown yellow in 100 Ib. sacks, 90c. Parsley—50c per doz. bunches. Pears—Kiefers, 75c@$1.25. Peppers—Green, 50c. per doz. for California. Potatoes—Home grown, $1.10 per bu.; Wisconsin, $2.25 per 100 lb. sack; Idaho, $2.50 per 100 Ib. sack; 90c per 25 Ib. sack. Poultry—Wilson & Company pay as follows: Heavy fowls 2202020552 ae 18c Wight fowls 2.250) a 14c Ducks 2.2 226 14c Geese 2 ee 12¢ ‘Purkeys 225 02s Se 20c Spinach—$1.25 per ‘bu. Squash—Hubbard, $3.50 per 100 Ibs. Sweet Potatoes—Indiana, $2.75 per bu. Tomatoes—90c for 6 Ib. container, hot house. Turnips—$1.25 per bu. for new. Veal Calves — Wilson & Company pay as follows: Pancy oes 13c Good 2222 llc Mediu os 9c BOOr 8225 22 ee eee 8c —__+++___ I don’t think there can be too much legislation along. humanitarian lines. ‘Surely no man who has {been success- ful can be happy when he realizes the condition of the workers. We must see that the worker not only gets sufficient wages, ibut also that he gets some of the comforts and the luxuries of life. I have always felt that way. I believe in the democratization of industry.— Daniel Guggenheim. ¥ p ai] # th i ¥ e i IN THE REALM OF RASCALITY. Questionable Schemes Which Are Under Suspicion. East Saugatuck, Nov. 25— This morning we received from the Kutt- nauer Apron Specialties, 318-324 W. Jefferson avenue, Detroit, three dozen ties aS per enciosed invoice. These ties were not ordered by us nor do we know this ‘Mr. Kendall ‘they speak of in their letter. I am only sending you this information as it seems they like unsolicited business similar to the plan ot the Apple Hat Co., of St. Louis. I am holding these ties until they send postage for the return of the ties. John Lubbers & Co., Inc. No one who has reported this viola- tion of the law to the Realm has ever seen a man in this connection by the name of Kendall which naturally leads to the conclusion that such a man is a myth. On receipt of the first com- plaint of this character the Detroit house was sent the following letter: Grand Rapids, Nov. 28—I am this day in receipt of a letter from John Lubbers & Co., of East Saugatuck, stating that you shipped them without any authority three dozen neckties. i am sorry that vou did this be- cause the act was unethical and dis- honest and very unbusinesslike. It is condemned iby the Government, for- bidden by the Federal Trade ‘Bureau and denounced by the postoffice de- partment in a ruling I obtained two years ago—facsimile of which I en- ciose herewith. These people say they never knew a man ‘by the name of Kendall and never gave any order for the goods. I am therefore writing them that they should write you that you can have the goods back on payment of the post- age they have to attix to the package and also 25c a week rent. Personally I am obliged to ask you to send me a personai. letter stating that this vicious and utterly dishonest practice will be immediately discon- tinued ‘by you. If you do not do this I will have to play you up in the Realm of Rascality department of the Michi- gan Tradesman. I am surprised that a concern rated as well as you are should resort to such methods. : E. A. Stowe. ———__ Effect of Supervised Play On Delin- quency. The public, for the past year, as the result of several prison riots, has been unusually stirred up over the question of crime. An unusual agitation in the matter of criminals and prisons has led many to advance all manner and means of theories as to what should be done not only in the matter of pro- viding more and stronger prisons, but, in checking the ever-increasing inflow of criminals into them. ‘Criminology, like medicine, must not only take care of the illness, in this instance social, which immediately con- fronts us, but, as well, must look for preventive measures, Experience, studies and _ statistics ‘have shown us criminal tendencies in the individual are not of sudden onset but are rather the product of years of incubation. While the defective hered- ity may play some part in the develop- ment of criminal trends, there is, nev- ertheless, every indication in the life histories of chronic offenders that un- favorable early environment has been largely provocative of their criminal tendencies. We are conservative when we say MICHIGAN TRADESMAN that over 50 per cent. of our criminals come from broken homes where moral ethics are sadly lacking. Our schools are pre-occupied with the business of formal academic education. Where then are those youngsters of to-day who are criminals of to-morrow, to learn the fundamentals of social ethics? The answer is obvious and criminol- ogists are hopeful that supervised and organized recreation will ultimately reach every nook and corner, particu- larly of our congested urban areas, where too often crime is bred. A recent survey made in one of the largest cities in the United States showed that the majority of children appearing in children’s court in that particular community came from those areas which were not served by play- ground and recreation facilities, Dr. Leo J. Palmer. —_——> + < —_—_ Despot or Legal Arbiter? The right of the Federal Trade ‘Com- mission to censor advertising as false and misleading is to be passed upon by the United States Supreme Court. This is good news for all concerned. Those who approve suppression of fraudulent advertising should welcome the test; as long as ‘the powers of the Commission in this respect are open to question its guardianship of the public is of doubtful value. Those who dis- like official censorship of any sort should be glad to know that the thigh- est court in the land may find legal reason for putting to an end tthe exist- ing advertising censorship. The gen- eral public interest is served by clear- ing up the fog now surrounding the situation. The question goes ‘before the court on a judgment of the Circuit Court of Appeals, 'Sixth Circuit, which invalidated a cease and desist order against a concern that puts out a medical preparation recommended for See This NEW Computagram TODAY ; Heageeny of retail grocers have bought this NEW Toledo Computagram because they found in it all the features which today’s retailing conditions demanded in a computing sensitivity, modern price ranges, new beauty and ample scale—easier reading, extreme weighing capacity. Retail profits today need the utmost in pro- tection—that is why the Toledo Scale Com- pany has incorporated in the New Computa- gram all the old.and many new exclusive Toledo features for your protection. You, too, should see the Toledo Computagram today. Just call the nearest Toledo Scale Office for the most interesting scale removal of excess fat. The appellate court denied the commission the power to take such action except in cases in- volving unfair competition in (business. The allegation that the public is de- ceived was found to be outside the purview of tthe statute, competition with physicians was dismissed as ab- surd, and ‘by the same ‘token the court refused to consider possible rights of manufacturers of “obesity remedies” found in drug stores in recent years. The issue is thus made as narrow and purely legalistic as possible. It does not in any ‘way touch the merits of a censorship which can properly ‘bar out advertising claims lacking legitimate basis in fact. It is confined to the simple question whether the Federal. Trade Commission is a despot or a legal arbiter in a matter of vital im- portance. ——_—_>+ +. Keeping Lettuce Fresh. A Pittsfield n:arketman has develop- ed an: exceptional reputation for main- taining an especially attractive produce department. When questioned about the popularity of this department he remarked that keeping the fruit and vegetables looking absolutely fresh is the real secret. A fresh appearing head of lettuce, for instance, is much more appetizing than a wilted one. “While speaking of lettuce I will say that each head has an ordinary rubber band snapped about it when it is put out on the vegetable rack. The rubber band is large enough so that it doesn’t fit too snugly or cut into the lettuce. The band holds the head to- gether. As the thead is sold the rub- ber is removed to be used again. “The bin used for lettuce is lined with burlap. The burlap is dampened and as the lettuce is sprayed from time to time through the day, it remains damp, holding moisture well. “The heads are turned down against demonstration you have ever seen. There is no obligation, of course. Toledo Scale Company, Toledo, Ohio. Canadian Toledo Scale Company, Ltd., Windsor, Ontario. Sales and Service Offices in 181 principal cities in the United States and Canada. TOLEDO SCALES NO SPRINGS - HONEST WEIGHT Forty-seventh Anniversary this damp burlap and kept fresh much longer than when turned up. The dis- play looks neat, too, with its regular rows of firm looking lettuce heads. “After all a fruit or vegetable is only as fresh as it looks so why not make it look very fresh? One can sell more than three times as much.” —_—_++ + __—_ Shortcake the Year Round. It was the conviction of a Kalama- zoo grocer that by pushing shortcake the year around he could increase the prestige of his bakery department and sell more associated articles. Bleak November days saw the birth of “A shortcake the year round’ idea. Inexpensive but colorful inserts accom- panied every order ‘of goods that en- tered the housewife’s kitchen there- after. Below is the original insert: Presto! Dessert Is ‘Ready! Everybody loves shortcake. not have it the year round? Split a tender sponge cake in half lengthwise. Place between the two layers a fruit filling—bananas, cannex peaches or pineapple. Put another filling on top and then crown it all with well beaten whipped cream, flavored and sweetened. Try it to-day! Notice the suggestive selling of can- ned fruit, ripe fruit, sugar, cream and flavoring. Every two weeks the grocer changed his insert copy to fit a different group of commodities. He »ow capitalizes on the extensive advertising campaigns in the leading women’s magazines. This idea has brought hundreds of dollars to his cash register that might otherwise have ‘been spent elsewhere. Why —_>+ - Some of the greatest thinkers say they do their best work during those weeks when their wife isn’t speaking to them. —_2e 27 oo Young children and some employes seem to construe kindness as a sign of weakness. : * aad ye a i ercpeenmaaaenege ese ~ —— Forty-seventh Anniversary Death of Pioneer Merchant of Luding- ton. Frank Washatka, joint propfietor with Floyd A. Vogel of Central Shoe Store and one of the pioneers in the mercantile development of this city, passed away at Paulina Stearns hos- pital Thursday evening after an illness of eight weeks. Mr. Washatka came to Ludington as a shoemaker in 1886 and during his residence in this city won a reputation for his high sense of honor, sincerity and fair dealing. His integrity and ideals made him a faithful friend, valued associate and devoted husband and father. He was a director of Ludington State bank. Mr. Washatka was a native of the Badger State. He was born Dec. 18, 1864, near Beloit, Wis. When 22 years of age he came to this city as a shoe- maker. He was associated with G. Groening for three years and became a partner in the business enterprize known as Groening and Washatka, which continued from 1889 to 1913. Seventeen years ago Mr. Washatka entered into partnership with James A. Rye to operate the Busy Big Store, one of the city’s pioneer business in- stitutions. The partnership was dis- solved in 1928, Mr, Rye becoming own- er of the building, which later was oc- cupied by Montgomery Ward & Co. department store. Mr. Washatka, having become a veteran in the shoe trade, continued in business, forming a partnership with Floyd A. Vogel, a clerk with the Busy Big store. James Schick, a former res- MICHIGAN TRADESMAN ident of Ludington and a veteran shoe salesman, has substituted for Mr. Was- hatka during his illness. Mr. Washatka spent a week at Blodgett Memorial hospital in Grand Rapids, then was returned to Luding- ton. For the past four weeks he has been at Paulina Stearns hospital. Decedent was married to Mary Louise Cadaret in Ludington in 1890 and leaves his widow, a son and daugh- ter. Herbert F. Washatka is affiliated with Alphonse Meny in the insurance firm of Meny & Washatka agency. He formerly served with his father under the partnership of Rye & Washatka. The daughter, Mrs. Malcolm Gingrich, is a resident of Cadillac. A daughter, Mrs. Chester Nyquist, passed away two years ago. The fol- lowing grandchildren survive: Paul Edward Washatka, Patricia Nyquist and Mary Catherine Gingrich. De- cedent is survived by two sisters, Mrs. David Gibbs and Mrs. Nels Johnson, of this city. Mr. Washatka was a charter mem- ber of Pere Marquette council, 1492, Knights of Columbus, and a member of Ludington lodge, No. 736, Benevo- lent Protective Order of Elks. He serv- ed as treasurer almost since organiza- tion of Knight of Columbus in this city twenty-two years ago. The late W. J. Gleason held the office two years and was succeeded by Mr. Washatka, who retired at the election June 19 of this year, receiving a vote of thanks from the members.—Ludington Daily News. Concluding Article of This Series. Greenville, Dec. 2—The cause of this one of the worst panics ever experi- enced ‘by this country, still seems to be a mystery. Why not compare it with many others which have ‘been experi- enced by other countries as well as ours? It thas been well proven bby ex- perience, as well as history, that they all originated through the contraction of money. Why didn’t we have a panic after the war of 61-5 for the simple reason that at that time we had a President who had ‘the welfare of the people and country at heart and who had the stamina to resist the dom- ination of the bankers and bond coach- ers who would sacrifice the whole country for their own selfish interests. Lincoln took the situation in his own hands and he and his cabinet devised the greenback, the first issue of which was made full legal tender for all debts, public and ‘private, and it proved to be the most popular money ever created ‘by this Government and never depreciated 1/100 part of a cent. At one time it was at a premium over gold. It put all the factories in mo- tion, then after the war produced the greatest prosperity ever experienced by this country. All 'that is necessary to produce the opposite, which is a panic, is to reverse the action which pro- duces the same result, as with the dif- ferential of a car. This reverse was made when the twenty-five billion dol- lars of ‘bonds were issued during the kaiser’s war. This was the founda- tion of the present panic, as well as the one after the kaiser’s war. As the security of the bonds is identically the same as that of the greenback or treasury note, the difference is in the disadvantages which are all attached to the bonds in two ways. First the bonds contract the money in circula- tion which is the major cause of all pa‘tics, while the treasury motes in- crease the amount of money in circula- tion, which under good jbusiness prin- 7 ~ ciples is necessary when the volume of business is radically increased. Second, what is the difference in expense be- tween the cost of the bonds and the treasury notes? Now the work of printing and cost of paper would be about equal in both, but the four per cent. interest for sixteen years on the twenty-five billion dollars of bonds would be sixteen billion dollars, which would nearly’ pay the ‘balance of our war debt to-day. So you see the ac- tual difference in this case is if we had issued treasury notes, instead of bonds, we would now have our war debt paid but through the error of issuing bonds we must pay the sixteen billion over again, besides the interest. ‘The latter is not the only loss attached to the bond issue, but this sixteen \billion do!lars of -bonds is exempt from taxes sixteen years. In whose favor is the latter, the laborer or the capitalist? Does he need help from the public? Then he gets this favoritism through increasing the tax paid by the common people. Bonds create an investment which is exempt from taxes. There was a discount on war ‘bonds when in the hands of patriots, but see what they cost you now. E. Reynolds. 0 Pewter Demand Reviving Here. A general improvement in the de- mand for pewterware developed this week and heavy orders for gift items which can be retailed from $1 to $3.50 have been received. The lull in busi- ness noted in the last two weeks has ended and retai'ers are again ready to take merchandise. There has been little business in the local market on merchandise for future delivery, but scores of jobbers are reported busy in Connecticut cities examining factory stocks with the intention of purchas- ing attractive items for January and February sales purposes. Attention Retail Grocers! Pep up your winter Sales with two live new numbers Postma’s Rusk Postma Biscuit Co. and and Spiced Cookies Made since 1882 from the original formulas. Be the distributors in your territory with items that are different, and that repeat without much effort. 1135 Broadway Masterpieces of the bakers art. Grand Rapids, Mich. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE. The Tradesman completed its forty- seventh publication year July 23, but the unusually warm weather prevail- ing at that time precluded the proper celebration of the event until later. Although we are now four months along on our forty-eighth publication year, the edition of this’ week presents a fairly accurate index of the progress of the past year and also affords a vision of hope for the future. A year ago the country was well started on the down grade, which many predicted would continue for two or three years. Instead of the prediction proving true, there are many indica- tions that we have already reached and passed the turning point and that from now on the recovery will be gradual until the old-time activity is resumed. The greatest stuntbling block in the pathway to industrial peace and busi- ness revival is the failure of the Re- publican party to repeal the infamous Adamson law, which was enacted at the behest of McAdoo and Wilson un- der the coercion of Gompers. The Tradesman has always maintained that the enactment of this law con- stituted the darkest page in American history and that no substantial reduc- tion in railway transportation rates can be accomplished until this ob- stacle to good government and faith- ful service is removed. The non-ac- tion of the dominant party in the premises is due to cowardice almost as reprehensible as the betrayal of trust by the Democratic party in enacting a measure under the coercion of the union labor leaders who prolonged the war a year by their strikes and slack- erism and made the war cost us three times what it would have cost if it had not been for their unpatriotic and despotic conduct, : With the first issue in January the Tradesman predicted that 1930. would be notable ‘n the number of fakes, cheats, frauds and swindles which would be presented to the merchant to ensnare and annoy him. This pre- diction has, unfortunately, proven true, due to the ease with which mer- chants who are not extra alert can be inveigled into listening to the siren voice of strangers and enter into re- lations which necessarily result in chagrin and loss. The Tradesman again repeats the advice it has uttered so many hundred times during the past forty-seven years—never sign anything for a stranger and be extra careful about signing what purports to be an order presented by anyone, no matter how well the merchant may be acquainted with the person solicit- ing the signature. The Tradesman took the initiative in the adoption of the standard fire in- surance policy form about” forty years.- ago. It initiated the legislation which created an Insurance Policy Commis- - sion, saw to it that a civilian was made the third member’ of the Commission : by Governor Luce and stbsequently ~ raised the fund which enabled the’ in- - suring public to be properly represent- ed before the Commission by the late -N. A. Fletcher. The Tradesman took a strong stand ‘against the surcharge arbitrarily ex- acted by the stock fire-insurance com- panies during the war. There was no excuse for such extortion and no legal authority for such a high handed hold- up. The action of the stock com- panies was due wholly to a spirit of greed which frequently finds lodgment in the minds of men who hold them- selves above the law and defy the acts of the legislatures and the decisions of the courts, as the stock insurance managers did in this instance. The Tradesman could not secure immedi- ate relief for its readers from this piece of extortion except by inducing them to patronize mutual companies which did not resort to such thievery. For the ill gotten gains the stock com- panies filched from the imsuring pub- lic, they never returned a quarter of the stealings they should have refund- ed to their victims. There are many other reforms to be brought about before the present man- agement of the Tradesman retires from the field, but the work is attractive to a man with a stout heart and a resolute purpose and all forms of injustice must ultimately go down before the power of public opinion, properly directed and concentrated on the object sought to be accomplished. The Tradesman believes that, with the steadfast assistance and continued co-operation of its readers, it can bring order out of chaos in the iniquitous rating system of Michigan and_ ulti- mately place this abuse of authority on a foundation of fairness and equity, having due regard for the rights of the people and the duties and responsibili- ties of the companies. Because it has an abiding faith in the power of public opinion it will never cease its efforts along this line until it arouses the peo- ple to a realizing sense of the unjust burden placed on them by this incubus and lead them to act in such a way as to strike a death blow to arrogance, ignorance and monopoly. The writer has led its friends of the mercantile fraternity into many a hard fought battle, which has always re- sulted in ithe victory of the merchant, because he always had equity on his side and invariably tempered his de- mands with fairness and due considera- tion for the rights of all concerned. By its espousal of the cause of mutual insurance, the Tradesman has enabled the merchants of Michigan to save at least $600,000 per year, which has come ‘back to them in the form of re- turned premiums. This saving will be greatly augmented within ‘the next few years, as the advantages of mutual in- surance and its superiority ‘over stock insurance come to be better understood and recognized. There are some com- panies masquerading under the name of “mutual” which are wolves in sheep’s clothing and are utterly un- worthy of consideration or patronage, but as such companies are not permit- ted to-use the advertising columns of the: Tradesman, merchants meet with no. difficulty in determining which are worthy and which are unworthy of their patronage. It is the ‘hit ‘bird which flutters. Alarmed over ‘the growth of mutual fire insurance and ‘the rapid inroads _it is making on stock insurance, the local agents of the stock companies in thirteen Middle West states have noti- _ fied ‘the adjustment ‘bureaus that they cannot receive any business from the “merchant at stock companies after Jan. 1 if they continue to make adjustments for the mutual companies. This ‘monopolistic action was expected to ‘create con- sternation in the ranks of the mutual insurance companies, {but instead of being accepted as a tbody ‘blow it is welcomed as one of ‘the ‘best things which could ‘happen under the circum- stances, because it ‘will enable the mu- tual companies to create ‘their own bureau or bureaus which will be able to deal more fairly with the people who have incurred losses than the bureaus owned and operated by the stock com- panies can possibly do. The Federa- tion of Mutual Fire Insurance Com- panies is preparing to put into opera- tion an independent Nation-wide ad- justing service of its own. A com- mittee has been named to organize a mutual adjustment service. There is much speculation as_ to whether the mutual ‘bureau will be a well established and co-ordinated or- ganization under the control of mutuals or whether it will ‘be something of a federation of independent adjusters. The Western Adjustment, the Un- derwriters Adjusting and the mutuals are all desirous of avoiding competi- tion in adjustments under the new ar- rangement. There was a time not so very long ago that these bureaus ‘were conducted along dishonest lines to such an ex- tent that they operated at a big profit to the companies patronizing them and the company officials who owned them. That condition, so far as Michigan is concerned, was revolutionized iby the Tradesman by a careful investigation of the methods used to swindle the in- suring public. The Western Adjust- ment Co. proved ‘to be corrupt and dis- honest to the nth degree. The ad- justers fawned on rich and influential insurers and gave them more than they asked in making adjustments, but the poor man ‘who had no influen- tial friends was treated very dishonest- ly under ‘the guise of rulings which were devoid of fairness or decency. Relation of the details of a single case are sufficient to disclose the iniquity with which losses of this character ' were adjusted by the Western Adjust- ment Co. The Grand Rapids repre- sentative was a man named Shaw. He was requested ‘to settle the loss of a Grattan who carried a stock of merchandise which inventoried $6,000 and was insured for $5,500. His loss was total. Shaw trumped up the excuse that he had violated the iton safe clause—which ‘was’ false—and forced him to agree to accept $2,500 in full settlement. He came to the Tradesman and we not only forced the companies involved in the swindle to reopen the case and pay tthe insured $5,500, but we also forced the then manager of the Western Adjustment Co. to take Shaw out of Michigan. He transferred him to the Cleveland field, where he was again challenged for dis- honest practices and died before he received a transfer to another field. The Western Adjustment ‘Co. has since maintained fair minded men in the Grand Rapids office. The past year has brought about a great change in the mental attitude of the rank and file of independent mer- chants, who have reached the conclu- sion that their position in 'the world of trade is assured if they keep in step with the trend ‘of the times. This as- surance involves the modernization of their stores and store ‘business, the furnishing of service ‘in all that the term implies, the discounting of every invoice, courteous treatment of all, scrupulous cleanliness in and around the store, and ‘goods so attractively displayed that they almost sell them- selves. Any merchant who will so shape this ‘business as ito conduct it along these lines need have no givings as to his ability to meet and face any problem which may confront him. Every man in business, if he is a real executive, can make his store radiate ‘with personality and individ- uality. Therein ‘lies his success as a merchant and a man. The buying public is now convinced that the chain stores are conducted along dishonest lines and that both managers and clerks are forced to re- sort to dishonest |practices in order to make a decent living, due to the low wages they are paid and the frequency with which they are penalized fo lapses for -which they are in no wa: to blame. A clerkship in a chain stor is practically a school in crime, clever- ly devised to place a premium on dis- honesty and chicanery of the most obnoxious character. I do not think we have ever issued an anniversary edition which is so re- plete with general information as is to ‘be found in this issue. Some old time but always new topics are dis- cussed from new angles, but many of the special articles, prepared by au- thorities in their respective lines, cover subjects which have never ‘been con- sidered with such thoroughness and with such expert knowledge. Our thanks and the thanks of our readers are certainly due our contributing friends who have made this condition possible. mis- Age-old superstition and knowledge of primitive peoples prompt the fears of British administrators for the psy- chological effect of replacing the Lupon; a two-funneled patrol ship, with the single-funneled Folkestone in the Persian Gulf. The single-funneled ship, in the eyes of the natives, means a come-down, and the prestige of Great Britain is expected to suffer. To meet this problem it has ibeen suggested that future British patrol boats, if they are designed with only one funnel, be « equipped with another, a dummy fun- nel, just for appearances’ sake. The problem and its suggested solution are now no new matter. Certain old Viking chieftains, short-handed, set dummies in their prowling boats to awe their foes. And when eighteenth century Yankee traders haunted the Northwest coast in quest of furs they - made their tiny, ill-armed vessels into awe-inspiring craft fairly ‘bristling with dummy cannon. And there are modern ocean liners that carry dummy funnels to add an air of swank for those pas- sengers who feel they just can’t travel in a ship with less than three towering flues. - Unless you honestly think the world is getting better you can’t get very far in business, ee Id ls 'S- rel ‘Id ‘ar Forty-seventh Anniversary OUT AROUND. Things Seen and Heard on-a Week End Trip. Last Saturday was so disagreeable under foot that an extended Out Around was out of the question. Find- ing the gravel roads more navigable than the cement, I improved the op- portunity to call on H. Mulder, who formerly conducted a grocery store in Grand Rapids, but now conducts a well-tilled farm on M 114, about eight miles Southeast of the city. Mr. Mul- der was born in the Netherlands less than a month after the Tradesman was established in 1883 and came to this country when 17 years of age. He has achieved a good measure of suc- cess in the land of his adoption and is above the average man of his type in intelligence and philosophic reason- ing. He has a happy family and occu- pies a modern home equipped with all the creature comforts. He refused to purchase a fordson tractor when he learned it was manufactured in Ireland ind acquired an American made tractor instead. He believes that every farmer should refuse to purchase goods pro- duced by foreign labor in foreign coun- tries. He thinks the Government has been altogether too liberal in admitting aliens from Southern and Southeastern Europe, including the Mediterranean countries in Asia and Africa, and looks for trouble from this class of immi- grants who settle in the congested dis- tricts of the big cities and seldom become good American citizens. T think it would be an excellent idea ior every farmer to take the same stand Mr. Mulder does in relation to the purchase of farm machinery built in foreign countries. Unless he does so I think we will see much of the pro- duction now conducted in this country transferred to foreign shores in the near future. A former employe of the Tradesman who has been in the employ of Henry ford for several years tells me that the great ford automobile factories in De- troit will soon be converted into air- plane factories and that all ford auto- mobile parts will be manufactured in Europe under the lower labor condi- tions prevailing there; that the parts will be shipped to this country and assembled here. When this arrange- ment goes into effect automobile buy- ers will have an opportunity to test their Americanism by refusing to buy or ride in a foreign made car.° I have never regarded Mr. ford as a good American since he uttered the treasonable statements and engaged in the treasonable acts he did during the kaiser’s war. This is why I show my contempt for the man by refusing to spell his name with a capital letter. He may be the richest man in the world, but he has not money enough to buy the good opinion of the Trades- man. I have brought the matter to his attention many times and given him an opportunity to show that he re- pents his wicked utterances and is willing to make proper atonement MICHIGAN TRADESMAN therefor, but he has never seen fit to act on my invitation. While supervising this anniversary edition of the Tradesman my mind has naturally gone back over the events of the long period during which time the Tradesman has been published without change of ownership, editor- ship or business management. I do not think there is a banker, manufac- turer or wholesaler still living who was engaged in business in Grand Rapids in 1883, when the Tradesman was es- tablished. I can recall but two men who were engaged in retail trade at that time who are still living—B. S. Harris and J. George Lehman. I hope there are others, but I cannot recall any others at this writing. The type on which the Tradesman was printed at the beginning was pur- chased from the defunct Daily Sun, an ephemeral newspaper which was estab- lished in Grand Rapids early in 1883. Old printers shook their heads and predicted the Tradesman would not last a month because it used type the Daily Sun “died on”. The only relic we have of those early days is a little walnut desk which would probably bring 25 cents if offered to a second- hand dealer. That little desk is in use every day by the proof reader and could not be pried loose from the Tradesman office by an offer of $1,000. It witnessed too many instances of hardship, deprivation and struggle to justify us in ever parting company with it. If I continue along this line I am afraid I will encroach on the compre- hensive history of the early days of the Tradesman which I hope to play up in our fiftieth anniversary edition, three years hence. The attempt to fatten turkeys for the Thanksgiving trade this year has been a valuable object lesson for many farmers. Having no corn but plenty of wheat they have attempted to fatten their fowls by feeding them wheat in- stead of corn. They have found that wheat produces flesh, but corn has to be used to some extent to make fat turkeys which command the top price in the holiday market. The market price of turkeys depends largely on their size, plumpness and appearance, which can only be produced by King Corn. Just now I am deluged with con- tracts made by merchants with pattern companies, many of which are so com- plicated and contradictory that it would require the assistance of a very adroit lawyer to interpret them. My experi- ence with the pattern companies leads me to believe that they are all funda- menially dishonest and that a mer- chant who is not a lawyer or who has not a lawyer on his staff cannot touch them at any angle without getting stung. The location of the proposed mem- orial to Capt. Charles E. Belknap ap- pears to be about as muddled as the location of the proposed auditorium. The genial Captain always expressed a desire to be “played up” on Lookout Park, if such a thing was undertaken after his death. He loved that location and visited it frequently because it enabled him to visualize the city he helped to create over a period of about sixty years. In view of this condition the least the good people of Grand Rapids could do would be to change the name of the park to Captain Bel- knap park. That would -be all the recognition he would ask if the matter had been left to his decision before he passed away. I understand there are sufficient funds in the memorial contribution to insure the creation of a modest bronze statue which will be symbolic of the trend of his life in this community. It is a matter of common knowledge that the memorial Captain Belknap most coveted was a big boulder with bronze tablet setting forth the events of his long and useful life in this comunity. Although the Captain loved a horse, I happen to know that an equestrian statue was furthest from his thought. I am glad to learn that the prosecut- ing attorney of Ionia county is plan- ning to secure the introduction of a bill in the next Legislature providing for the establishment of the whipping post in the case of certain classes of offenses. I presume it will include hold-ups who intimidate their victinis with fire arms and accomplish their nefarious purposes by the display of guns. JI cannot conceive a more cowardly procedure than this and IT am very sure if the miserable creatures who resort to this expedient are made to feel the lash once a week or once a month during the term of their con- finment in prison there will be an im- mediate reduction in this class of crimes. One of the most ridiculous spectacles I have noted for some years was the attempt of the little man Green, who rattles around in the big chair of the American federation of labor to coerce President Hoover into appointing one of his henchmen to the position of Secretary of Labor in the President's Cabinet. Of course Wilson—who was dominated body and soul by the in- famous Gompers—bowed to the behest of the arch traitor, but Hoover is a man of different type and declined to be led around by the nose by the little man Green, whose action in the prem- ises is preposterous. By the largest possible stretch of imagination, Green represents only 3 per cent. of the popu- lation of the United States, yet he had the temerity to insist on the continued recognition of his little gang of torch users and bludgeon bearers to the ex- clusion of 97 per cent. of the people who make America what it is. It is greatly to Mr. Hoover’s credit that he relegated the little man Green to the darkness and obscurity which is in keeping with the dastardly and criminal facts for which his organizatzion is responsible. T note that much of the money which is being contributed to charity these days is sadly misapplied because its disbursement in too many cases is placed in the hands of men and women - matters. who are inexperienced in handling such In the old days of independ- ent giving and distribution many un- worthy persons were recognized and many applicants for assistance received help gteatly in excess of their require- ments, while others equally worthy were overlooked. On the other hand, when the charities are grouped under one head organizaztion the salaries paid to the officers and their assistants frequently eat a big hole in the sum total. One method of distribution ap- pears to be about as wretchedly bad -as the other. The real key to the sit- uation has evidently not yet been dis- covered. For years the Schust Baking Co. has been the stalwart friend of the inde- pendent merchant. It has not only refused to sell its products to the chain stores, but has assisted the independ- ents to meet the competition of the chain stores which have always been given special prices and unfair con- sideraion by the National Biscuit Co. and the Loose-Wiles Biscuit Co. Now that the Schust Co. has joined hands with the Loose-Wiles Co, by an ex- change of stock, I naturally am won- dering how the preferential prices given the chain stores by the Loose- Wiles Co. will work out. The Loose- Wiles Co. accords the independent dealers from 5 to 15 per cent. discount on their purchases, depending on the amount of goods purchased each month. They give the chain stores 17% per cent. to my certain knowledge and besides accord them one case free with each twenty case order S.P.A., which means sales promotion allow- ance. This twenty case offer is also given independent merchants, but not one independent in 100 is able to buy in such quantities without the goods be- coming stale on their hands, so the extra case allowance amounts to 2 preferential price to the chains, as it is really intended. The Loose-Wiles Co. is gradually supplanting the display racks of the Schust Co. with their own racks which hold only cans smaller than those used by other baking companies, so none but Loose-Wiles cans can be displayed in the racks. This, of course, is done so as to force the products of other baking companies — including the Schust Co.—into the background and thus destroy their sale to a consider- able extent. The independent merchants have few enough friends among the food man- ufacturers as it is. The alliance of the Schust Co. with a chain store devotee like the Loose-Wiles Co. is disappoint- ing, to say the least. I am very sorry the Schust Co. should consent to make such an unfortunate alliance, which cannot fail to array the organization against the independent, instead of con- tinuing as his firm friend and sturdy champion, which has been its policy in the past. Representative Watson, of Pennsyl- vania, has undertaken for several years to secure the enactment of a law by Congress, making it a misdemeanor to 10 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary ship goods to any one unless they are: ordered. He has been very persistant in the matter and is entitled to a great deal of credit for the effort he has made to put an end to this unfair, un- businesslike and dishonest practice. Not knowing whether Mr. Watson was re-elected at the November election I recently wrote Hon. Carl Mapes, our vigilant Representative in Congress from this district, to tell me about the situation. His reply was as follows: Since getting back to Washington and receiving your letter I have talked with Mr. Watson about his bill to pre- vent the sending of merchandise un- solicited through the mail and ex- pressed my desire to co-operate with him in any way possible to get the bill passed. He seems a little discouraged over the prospects because of the opposition of some of his colleagues in former Congresses. I showed him the copy in the Tradesman of the letter which you received from the Department and told him that I should be glad to go before the Committee on Post Office and Post Roads with him at any time to urge a favorable report on his bill. I have had occasion to appeal to Mr. Mapes many times during the long period he has served this district in Congress and he has never failed to get the right angle on my enquiry at the earliest possible moment. He is now regarded as one of the five most influential men in the House of Repre- sentatives and is headed for the posi- tion of Speaker of the House in the near future. His position is due alto- gether to fidelity to his constituents and their best interests. E. A. Stowe. —_2 2+ >_____ Foods May Be Colored If Defects Are Not Hidden. Harmless coal-tar dyes may be legally used in the coloring of foods, but added color must not be used to conceal damage or inferiority, and the use of the dye must be made known on the label, according to a Depart- ment of Agriculture statement. The judgment of the housewife in the grocery or delicatessen is still in- flunced by what she sees, and the foods she chooses are those which look best. Food manufacturers have recog- nized this fact and have felt it advis- able to use added color to replace the delicate natural shades which manu- facturing processes have altered or obliterated. When the coal-tar dyes, with their wide range of shade and diversity of color, were discovered, attempts were made to use them for this purpose. “If this had been done with discrim- ination,” says H. T. Herrick of the color certification laboratory, “no harm could have resulted, for coal- tar colors as a class are no more harmful than vegetable colors and are far more satisfactory for ‘tinctorial purposes. A pure, non-toxic coal-tar dye is no more dangerous than so much common table salt.” ——+2+—_____ Tackle Anything. Hungry Farmer (in city restaurant). Got any steak on the menu? Waiter: Yes, sir. It’s ‘loin steak a la carte, Hungry Farmer: All right, wheel it in; I’m hungry enough to eat cart and all. € Orangize the Independent Mer- f chant. He must attend his meetings. The independent retailer owes a debt of gratitude to all those sturdy men and women who have taken up his cause against the chain store menace. Looking back to the time when chain stores began their program of expan- sion, reminds us of the days of the pioneer. It recalls to our minds men who stood alone as the lone pioneer, warning the public against the approaching chain store menace. Cold, heat, hunger, loss of busi- ness, ridicule, mockery, censure by friend and foe, meant nothing. They continued their campaign, crying out louder and louder un- til they were heard, because they knew they were right. They did not allow themselves to be turned away from their course, by mon- ey, promise of influential posi- tions. Everything good that has been accomplished by any body, any agency, on the anti-chain fight, rests on the labor of these sturdy, self-sacrificing, unselfish men, ju t as a building rests on its foundation. These men had vision; they built wisely. They laid a foundation upon which we must build, if America shall continue to be the land of opportunities, if the initiative of our young men and women shall be encouraged. To them the name chain stores meant nothing else then trust, monopoly, central- ization of power. Unless checked, would make America a land of slaves and dependents. That if America should continue to lead in the march of progress the ini- tiative of the individual must be given encouragement. What are we doing? We have a duty to per- form, as good citizens of our country, as parents of our chil- dren. That is, to give future gen- erations an equal chance. The proud father, the fond mother, caresses the baby. In their love they plan for its future. They are willing to face a life of sacrifice and denial to feed, clothe and educate it, so some day it may be an outstanding citizen. They are ready to do their duty in prevent- ing the encroachment of chain store systems upon its rights, but the individual merchant must lead the way. Chain stores systems—and that includes all mergers—could not exist if we had done our duty. We are not fair. We demanded better living conditions. We complained of inferior merchants. We criti- cised our lawmakers when, as a matter of fact, it was our own neglect, our refusal to think, that is responsible for present condi- tions. We refused to build up the old home town. We felt no in- terest, no responsibility in its progress. Chain stores would not be sucking the life blood out of our country, the unemployment, crime and vice would be less, if we had done our duty. The wealth of our country would be spread among more people and over a greater area. Our laws would be respected, our homes happier. We would be enjoying prosperity in its fullest measure, if we had. What is the difference between racketeering and chain mail order houses, commissaries, etc.> Both live on the labor of their fellowmen. They produce nothing. They reap where they did not sow. They move in time of depression or dull business. And that ain’t all. Unless chain stores are wiped out, the next step will be com- missaries. Instead of selecting your goods as you choose, we will go to the commissaries and take what the master mind considers best for our health. Look back a few years at the conditions in the coal fields. There the chain store system was in control. The schools, the teachers, the church, the minister, the stores, police- men, judges, everything was in their control. The father, the son, miners, mothers, daughters, min- ers’ wives. No opportunities for advancement. If conditions were unbearable they could not move. Food, clothing, in fact everything, was purchased at the company’s commissaries. No chance of get- ting out of debt. Now, if it is done there, what will prevent the same condition being forced on the en- tire population in the United States, if chain stores once gain control? One of the main causes of the prohibition curse was the chain store saloons. All bad, un- desirable conditions were found there. An independent saloon keeper stood as well in his com- munity as any merchant. But he had to stand the prejudice against his business because chain store saloons were in the majority and had no voice in their own busi- ness. The chain store is nothing new. China had chain stores hundred of years ago and still has them. The mandarin control them. Look at conditions there. It pictures to you what can be expected under a chain store system control. Chain stores is a stock selling proposition. The merchandising feature, merely giving them a background. They have never made any money selling merchan- dise. Their dividends have been paid out of earnings in stock speculation. But in these schemes of chain stores operation and stock gambling the independent retailer is ground out. Kroger stock has fallen from 160 to less than $24 per share. That is the actual value represented by phys- ical assets. If their surplus is ex- hausted, they fail to pay divi- dends. The poor public is the loser, and the promoters have the money and the business, ready to start over, whenever the oppor- tune time arrives. Is it any wonder we have want and distress? And stores, | all because you and I are dumb, deaf and blind, and have neg- lected to build up the old home town. Now the remedy: First, let's orgaize. Second, educate and en- courage and instill enthusiasm and love for the community. Lead movements that encoursge a buy- at-home spirit in the hearts of our children. Third, the program must be reversed. Chain store sys- tems must be shown in their hide- ousness, their dishonesty and un- businesslike methods exposed. Just as an independent retailer is held responsible for the character of his place, so should the men who install the chain store systems be held responsible for every unit. If they refuse, they admit the fail- ure of the system. L. F. Padburg. —_——_»2++—__ Selling Large Size Oranges. There is practically no variation in the juice content of a box of oranges, irrespective of size, yet, in buying large size oranges, almost twice as much edible portion of the orange and juice is obtained as when small oranges are purchased. So in reality, while she pays more, the consumer is really get- ting a much better buy in the large oranges: Several grocers are capital- izing on this fact, as ‘close observation of the large markets showed. The dealer pays less per box for the large sizes and realizes a better return from his investment and can, if properly merchandised to the housewife, enjoy a far more rapid turnover. The majority of these markets use the bulk display coupled with the odd cent feature, as against the pyramid form of display, with much better suc- cess, A Worcester marketman puts more reliance in the sales appeal of his win- dow displays than any other phase of his merchandising system. He incor- porates the theme of the “Unusual” in all of his displays and so gets the passers-by to acquire the habit of stop- ping to see the contents. A vegetable window of unusual ap- peal brought a large volume of busi- ness during an entire week. Nine white enameled ‘trays, each with one kind of vegetable, were arranged in step-fashion. Each tray was balanced on a glass vase and carried a ‘price tag. A border of alternately placed apples and oranges lent a pleasing effect to the entire display. : Another marketman, this time in Folyoke, has made a point of picking men for his sales force who are weil versed in the appropriate delicacies for each cut and variety of meat. The extra sales brought in by the sugges- tions of these men, when selling meat, represent a volume that warrants many times over the higher wages paid. Each man eventually builds up a clientele of his own that actually be- comes subject to his suggestions. The plan has made a lot of money for this marketman. He says, “By inspiring in the customer the factors of confidence, interest, satisfaction and desire to be given personal attention, a merchant is building his business upon a rock.” Judging from his store, we heartily agree with him, @ f—____ te le Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 11 { | As Your Most Important and Imperative Investment — YS Soe Si > =F ae eee i CERTAINLY -- We recommend Life Insurance BECAUSE— | in the Event of Your Death IT PROVIDES cash immediately for your family with which to meet current living expenses. IT PROVIDES your estate with funds for the 2 payment of debts and inheritance taxes thus iT obviating the sacrifice of other assets. IT CAN BE promptly set at work earning an income. IT PROVIDES the most satisfactory means for the final settlement of a partnership. | @ We do not write life insurance . . . but are always ag glad to join with your underwriter in constructing a plan to provide the greatest possible benefits. : GRAND RAPIDS TRUST A COMPANY MONROE AT IONIA 12 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary FINANCIAL Banker Sees Yields Attractive. For the first time in several months definite buying recommendations in common stocks thave been made by some investment counselors and brok- ers. This development may be assum- ed to mean that restoration of market stability is considered at hand. With many leading common stocks affording yields of 5 per cent. or more, this class of security has attracted con- servative investment buying for the first time in several years. An experi- enced banker recently suggested sev- eral junior issues that returned a cash income of more than 4% per cent. Of the stocks he considered the best only three yield less than 4% per cent., General Electzic, Allied Chemical and Standard of New Jersey. Allied Chemical pays 5 per cent. in stock, however, in addition to $6 in cash. Among the stocks affording a re- turn of better than 6 per cent. five rail shares were chosen; New York Cen- tral, Pennsylvania, ‘Chesapeake & Ohio, Norfolk & Western and South- ern .Pacific, as well as two oils, Stand- ard of New York and Vacuum, which is traded in on the Curb Exchange. A proposed merger of these two com- panies is being contested by the Gov- ernment. Such leading concerns as United States Steel, Westinghouse Electric, Otis Elevator, Sears, Roebuck & Co., Eastman Kodak, Atchison and Union Pacific afford a return of from 5 to 6 per cent. on the common, according to the banker’s list. The extra divi- dend paid by Eastman is taken into consideration. In the lower group, yielding from 4% to 5 per cent., are American Tele- phone and Telegraph, Consolidated Gas, United Gas Improvement, Air Reduction, American Can, Borden, In- iernational Harvester, Union Carbide, Du Pont and Standard Oil of Cali- fornia. : Among good conrmmon stocks yield- ing from 8 to 10 per cent. the banker selected a list that in his opinion stood a good chance of ‘coming through the depression without a cut in the divi- dend rate, although he admitted prices in some cases tended to discount a reduction. He named the following: General Motors, Allis Chalmers, Electric Storage Battery, Gold Dust, American Ice, Kennecott, Paramount Publix, Atlantic Coast Line, Baltimore & Ohio, Rock Island, Chicago & North Western, Hudson & ‘Manhattan and Northern Pacific. Wiliam Russell White. [Copyrighted, 1930.] —_~+->—___ Shares of N. Y. Banks Cheaper Than in 1924. The rapid growth of New York City banks in recent years, although check- ed slightly by the financial and busi- ness depression, has by no means reached its peak, and a $5,000,000,000 financial institution looms as a prob- ability within the next few years. Pointing out that there was no “billion-dollar” bank in this country in 1924 and that there are three in New York now, John F. Barry & — Co., in a comprehensive analysis of Jeading banks, says: “American bank- ing has kept pace with the growth of our giant industries and will continue to do so. A five-billion-dollar bank in 1934 will seem as commonplace as the billion-dollar or two- billion - dollar units appear to-day. “There are now two banks—Chase and City—wiich have combined cap- ital funds of $605,011,000,” the firm continues, “as compared with combined capital and surplus of $628,853,000 for all the 160 banks in New York in 1909. There were 126 banks in New York in January, 1930, with resources of $14,- 949,391,000, ws compared with 124 banks in 1920 with resources of $8,- 785,873,000 and 160 banks in 1909 with combined resources of $3,576,843,000. These figures tell the story of the ro- mance of American industry and its extraordinary growth during two dec- ades. “One thing is certain—we have not yet seen the peak of our economic and financial expansion. It will be many years before we do. Industry will continue to expand into still larger units of operation and» New York banking institutions will keep pace with such expansion. The future holds as much promise for banks and bank shares as has the recent past. “The capital stock of fourteen lead- ing banks and trust companies in- creased since 1924 from $194,500,000 to $579,725,000—approximately 200 per cent.—and during the same period the surplus and undivided profits of these same banks grew from $242,800,000 to $1,056,605,000, an increase of 335 per cent. Deposits advanced from $3,745,- 800,000 to $7,639,400,000.” Figures comparing prices, yields and book values with 1924 have ‘been com- piled to show that stocks of leading institutions are relatively cheaper than six years ago. The firm says: “Investors who bought bank stocks in 1924 made fortunes if they held them until 1928. They have substan- tial profits at even the low levels of to-day. ‘Bank stocks are now selling relatively lower ‘than in 1924. Some of the fortunes of 1935 will be based on bank stock purchases made in 1930 and 1931.” * William Russell White. [Copyrighted, 1930.] ——_+ +. Should Keep Attention on Essentials of Recovery. Economic tests of the depth of cream in the bottle will be disappoint- ing in the next two months unless we keep in mind that the supporting milk beneath which is its foundation has not been disturbed. Gloom in the current depression is not generated from any disturbances over the conditions underlying the world of business. It comes from a concentration of attention on its im- mediate sweets. Our whole science of economic prophecy to-day is gauged to measure the extreme ends of prosper- ity. When these lose in richness it denotes nothing more than a micro- scopic change in the intensity of busi- ness profits. Is that any reason to disregard the vast irreducib'e minimum of industrial activity that flows on in good times and bad? We are now entering a season of year when we will need-particularly to remember that the flow of ‘financial news must of gecessity be concentrat- ed on the evaporation in part or in whole of these extreme sweets. Finan- cial markets must steel themselves to the expectation of exceedingly poor earning statements for the fourth quar- ter of this year and to the prospect for low earnings in the initial 1931 quarter. Wall Street will gain nothing in blinding its eyes to this inevitable prospect. It will go just as far wrong in getting the truth if it interprets these fourth quarter reports as an in- MONEY .... or no income. earning Power. ready marketability. SLAVE OR MASTER? We all work for money, but does money work for us? If invested unwisely, spent without forethought, or tied up in unprofitable enterprises, money stops working and yields little And unproductive money becomes a hard, fickle master whose dictates we are forced to obey. To make money a diligent, profitable servant, it should be intelligently invested in large, stable industries Universal Trust Shares, a modern Fixed Investment Tru:t, presents, in a single investment, an interest in the earning power of thirty of America’s leading corporations, engaged in essential, widely diversified industries. This assures a high degree of safety, substantial income and May we send you complete details? K. J. HEINZELMAN & CO. INVESTMENT SECURITIES Ground Floor, 116 Ottawa Ave., N. W., Grand Rapids, Mich. with high L. A. GEISTERT & CO. Investment Securities GRAND RAPIDS— MICHIGAN 506-511 GRAND RAPIDS TRUST BUILDING Telephone 8-1201 503 Monroe Avenue, -N. W. Electrical Supplies We Stock and sell Motors and Appliances of Standard Makes. We Buy, Rent, Repair and Sell Used Motors and do Electrical Construc- tion Work. Our Prices are right on everything Electrical. We sell Westinghouse Radios, Appliances, Ranges and Refrigeration. ROSEBERRY- HENRY ELECTRIC COMPANY Grand Rapids, Michigan ae ee | — a TT a eee ee a Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN - 13 dication that American corporations have lost their earning power. With the flow of business off sharp- iy anyhow it is reasonable to suppose that many executives will seize the op- portunity in the current quarter to write down their losses to the bone as a basis for starting 1931 right. Then, too, in the months immediately ahead the market must steel itself to the prospect of heavy unemployment, wage-cut and dividend reductions. It must anticipate that the news from Washington with Congress in session will not all inspire business confidence. None of these unfavorable develop- mets in immediate prospect need dis- turb our faith in 1931 so long as we remember that they are the normal pains of a depression in its last stages and that the essentials are still here Ior eventual recovery. Paul Willard Garrett. [Copyrighted, 1930.] ——>+ >. Motor Issues Begin Recovery. Responding to signs of an improve- ment in sentiment in the motor car industry, shares of producers have rallied slightly from the low levels reached in the severe depression. Opinions on the likelihood of a re- covery among manufacturers to the levels prevailing in the era of prosper- ity differ? but most observers agree that the industry as an entity will ex- perience a better year in 1931. Com- mon stocks of the leaders, it is argued, must therefore regain a part of their losses. A study of several of the better- known independents prepared by Frazier Jelke & Co. calls attention to the severity of the deflation. Most of the independents—exclud- ing General Motors and ford—have been selling lately at prices giving little recognition to good will, plants and going concern values, it 1s pointed out. Market appraisals for Hupp, Mack Trucks, White Motor, Marmon and Brockway, for iinstance, totaled less than net working capital, while for other companies, such as Auburn, Graham-Paige, Reo and Willys-Over- land, appraisals for plants, etc., were ‘Market. appraisals for larger companies, such as General Motors, Chrysler, Packard and Studé- baker, were appreciably larger than total net quick assets. “While we-do not expect the price of aptomobile stocks to recover to the 1925-1929 highs,’ says the firm, “we think it is interesting to compare cur- rent prices with former peaks to show the extent of deflation in values which nas taken place.” In presenting a table showing the times-earnings ratios for a group of representative stocks in the industry, in ‘which ratios range chiefly between two and four times, with General Mo- tors and Packard the highest at 7.7 times, the firm says: “Automobile stocks should not be judged entirely on a statistical basis; in order to make an intelligent com- mitment the investor must combine records of past perfonmance, current operations and financial position with trade and general information.” William Russell White. [Copyrighted, 1930.] relatively small Educating Aliens For American Citi- zenship. Within recent years the importance has been realized of advising aliens of the rights and duties of American citi- zenship. The typical immigrant enters Amer- ica with just a vague idea of its type of government. He needs instructions as to its functions. He needs to appre- ciate the significance of his oath of allegiance. The leading public questions must be stimulated. The right of franchise must be explained to him as being an instrumentality of government—not a means of mercenary gain. Indeed, all the sacred virtues of American citizenship are but for the alien classes to absorb in a natural way, with, as far as possible, as much of the background of native Americans as may be assimilated by the new- comers. In other words, as the alien becomes quickened -by the elements of citizen- ship, his habits, ideals, and even his language must change to harmonize with those of his newly adopted coun- try. In the evolution, we, too, have a moral duty to perform in overcoming the ancient hatreds of race prejudices, suspicions, and fears. Race prejudice must be dropped and our conduct toward the foreign born must be exemplary of a true democracy where civic and political equality must endure as to all worthy people. The processes of Americanization are reciprocal as between the alien classes and those here who are charged with their welfare. Harry E. Hull. —__» +. ___ Corporaticns Wound Up. The following Michigan corporations have recently filed notices of dissolu- tion with the Secretary of State: W. H. Kindy, Inc., Detroit. Hoiton Creamery Co., Holton. Penn Scrap Materials, Inc., Grand Rapids. Savin Oil Sales Corp., Detroit, J. L. Mott Iron Works, Detroit. Air Regulator Sales Co., Detroit. Photographers, Inc., Detroit, Hull-Longnecker Co., Traverse City. Furniture Products, Inc.,.Grand-> Rap- ids. Artists, Inc., Detroit. Floor Service Co., Detroit. Balmore, Inc., Detroit. Benzie Packing Co., Traverse City. Continental Loan Co., Jackson. Jerome B. Rice Seed Co., Detroit. D. G. & M. Co., Detroit. Pantlind Men’s Shop, Grand Rapids. Parkmore Drug Co., Flint. Ford Reserve Realty Co., Detroit . H-R-H Land ‘Co., Detroit. Ernest Clarke, Limited, Detroit. Greilick Manufacturing Co., Traverse City. Backus, Fordan & Co., Detroit. Franklyn Parts Corp., Detroit. Opalume Electric Sign -Co., Battle ‘Creek. Heliker Land Co., Detroit. Standard Materials Corp., .Detroit. Otten-Nicolai, Inc., Detroit. Grand-Livernois 'Co., Detroit. Hargreaves, Inc., Detroit. Service Foundry Co., Detroit. Motive Lubricant Co., Detroit. Wayne Development Co., Homer, ——_>+~-___ Some people stir their coffee as though they were mixing a cake. —~++ >____ Tardy recognition of good work ‘is sometimes worse than none at all. The Measure ot a Bank The ability of any banking institution is measured by its good name, its financial resources and its physical equipment. Judged by these standards we are proud of our bank. It has always been linked with the progress of its Community and its resources are more than adequate. Q GRAND RAPIDS SAVINGS BANK “The Bank Where You Feel At Home’’ 16 CONVENIENT OFFICES Established 1860—Incorporated 185 — Nine Community Branches GRAND RAPIDS NATIONAL COMPANY __....» .. investment Securities ~ <<“ affillated with Grand Rapids National Bank 14 TWELVE CHARTER MEMBERS. Merchants Who Started With First Issue of Tradesman. The Tradesman possesses a most distinguished roll of honor, of which it is exceedingly proud. It comprises the names of business men who have been on the subscription list of the Michigan Tradesman ever since the first issue, forty-seven years ago. The Tradesman very much doubts whether any other trade publication in the world can present such a collection of faithful followers as the following: Amberg & Murphy, Battle Creek Frederick C. Beard, Grand Rapids F. H. Bitely, Lawton E. S. Botsford, Grand Rapids William J. Clarke, Harbor Springs O. P. DeWitt, St. Johns J. L. Norris & Son, Casnovia Charles G. Phelps, Alma Thompson & Co., Newaygo M. V. Wilson, Sand Lake O. A. Wolbrink & Sons, Ganges L. M. Wolf, Hudsonville. Six years ago there were twenty on this list. In the meantime four have died, as follows: Chas. H. Coy, Alden Richard D. McNaughton, Fruitport Chas. E. Belknap, Grand Rapids H. P. Nevins, Six Lakes Four have retired from business, as follows: Walsh Drug Co., Holland Wisler & Co., Mancelona Milo Bolender, Sparta D. Gale, Grand Haven. —_2+s____ Are Our Seasons Changing? Grandville, Dec. 2—Great changes have taken place in our world within the past dozen years. The automobile industry has grown to mammoth pro- portions, threatening the steam road industry with ruin. Society in the same time has plunged into the wildest debauchery and the country in general is far from what it was in the days of Dobbin and the horse carriage. The mere fact that speed was of such importance that many livese must be sacrificed in or- der to make it was far and away from the human mind. : : I am not attempting to discuss present day morals, but simply to note the fact that the natural world has gone on a Strike. Our climate has undergone and is still undergoing a change that may or may not be of serious import to the inhabitants of earth. We no longer have the change of seasons as once we had. ‘Our sum- mers are more deceptive, and _ the farmer can no longer depend on the god of nature standing by him in his work of tilling the soil. It seems that winter and summer are nearer blended in this age than ever before. We have touches of win- _ter in summer and like touches of sum- mer in winter. Why is it? The ques- tion is a proper one to ask, the answer not being wholly obtainable. : Something has gone wrong in the upper regions of our atmosphere. What is it? Answer ye who can. Storms are not of the old time order. Short and spasmodic, with a sudden roll of thunder, brisk fall of rain, afterward sunshine and smiling skies. : There is certainly a reason for this change in the aspect of nature. No prophet is wise enough to-day to tell what will come next. All old time weather predictions go for naught. There is one element which no doubt has much to do with our untoward change in seasons. I refer to the radio. Right here is the starting point for investigation, a MICHIGAN TRADESMAN The radio was unknown until within a few years. Since its advent among men, men have been puzzled over its workings. The upper air is spattered throughout with electric magnetism which the radio has revealed in stu- pendous quantities. Has this stirring of our upper air affected the weather to a degree bordering on dangerous conditions? We trust not, yet some force in nature has set in to disarrange the natural currents of the upper air until changes in weather have come about which promise to work an en- tire revolution in our weather sched- ules. The how and wherefore of radio transmission puzzles the wisest stu- dents. It has brought a new condi- tion into the -world and whether for good or evil remains to be seen. That our seasons are changing cannot be doubted. It would seem that earth- quakes and tornadoes are more fre- quent. Winter in unexpected quarters, summer farther to the North than usual. Can it be said that these chang- es in our seasons are for the better? Hardly. Although this gradual change in climate has been going on for some time very few have seen fit to com- ment upon it since whatever happens needs to be taken as a matter of course. There can be no doubt, however, that our climate is undergoing a change which is not a matter for wonder. The fact that the human voice may be pro- jected through space thousands of miles in the wink of an eye is as mysterious as is the fact that life and death exist side by side upon this earth and have so existed since the foundations of the world. The wisest men of the land are completely puzzled over the working of the radio. One of our _ orthodox clergymen cnce expressed to the writ- er his belief that some time angels of the upper air would talk over this in- strument to mortal man below. The rising generation certainly has great problems to work out in the near future. The fact that our climate is changing being once established it is for us to learn the cause and if possible apply the remedy providing there is one. Government aid to farmers will cer- tainly prove futile unless we first find the cause and apply the remedy. If it is the radio, will children of men consent to abolish the instrument of weather troubles once and for all. Not ‘likely, and we are destined to go on facing disaster as we have been doing in recent months, Old time winters are no longer with us. Old time summers are a thing of the past. Cold, frosty weather in June and July, warm melting winds in January seem gradually on the in- crease. The question is can we suc- ceed in feeding the Nation should this sort of seasons continue through all the future? “Ain’t Nature grand!’ exclaimed the boy who sat under the summer shade of a tree and watched the but- terflies wing. True enough nature is all that and much more, but it might be well for man to go slow in seeking to improve on nature. The god of Nature will take care of this world if man does not insist in attempts to improve upon nature in an wumnatural manner. Our young people may well make a study of na- ture and try to fathom some of its secrets. These secrets are as interest- ing to-day as they were in the days far back when Sander’s Fifth Reader gravely stated that Lo, the poor Indian whose untutored mind Sees God in clouds and hears Him in the wind. Old Timer. ——_»>~+.—___ By studying the past we can get a pretty accurate idea of the future. helpful attitude of the faculty. COURSES: Business Administration, Secretarial, Junior College, Accounting, BIG RAPIDS, And prepare yourself for the better times that are coming by improving your education. Your age or previous education need not prevent your entering this school. You will like the school spirit and the friendly- Winter Term Opens Dec. 29 Ask for a School Bulletin. WELLS D. WHITE, Pres. College Preparatory, Stenographic, oO Salesmanship, Banking. MICHIGAN ties never before offered. At last ah entire building devoted to the sale of Furniture. made exclusively by Grand Rapids Manufacturers. Opportuni- WHOLESALE and RETAIL. The Furniture Galleries of Grand Rapids, Inc. 25-27 Commerce Ave., S. W., Grand Rapids, Michigan. Forty-seventh Anniversary ‘Charles Burgess, operator of a grain elevator at Stanton, renews his sub- scription and writes: “I read lots of good things out of the Tradesman, and they are very helpful to me.” Tie ripe safety and helpful service of the Old Kent are available 24 hours a day -- to those who bank by mail. A telephone eall -- 4355 = will start the machinery of opening an ae- eount. Thereafter, it’s easy. Try it! OLD KENT BANK Grand Rapids’ Oldest and Largest Bank AAAAA Fenton Davis & Boyle Lavestment Bankers —_~ Detroit Grand Rapids Chicago Why Buy Bonds? Your five hundred dollars. or more, is “loaned” for a defi- nite number of years to an industry, utility or realty or- ganization, to conduct or ex- pand legitimate business— and they pay you 54% or 6% in the meantime. May We Serve You? iF a a aR te a ae Forty-seventh Anniversary MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE Insurance as an Aid To the Com- munity. The basic principle of insurance has not changed since its inception. So- ciety long since decreed that the mass- es shall help bear the burdens of the few, this being accomplished by a sys- tematic form of contribution into a common fund to be distributed as loss- es occur. To be sure, we have evolved many refinements in the form of cov- erage in keeping with the newer haz- ards developed, a process which will always continue, ‘but the underlying principle is the same as it was cen- turies ago. There are still those who view in- surance as an item of expense rather than one of protection or investment, yet it is very vital to their well-being and in the case of life insurance is frequently the only means of creating an estate, and in fire and casualty, the only means of indemnification for loss. It cannot be gainsaid that the carry- ing of insurance has a wholesome ef- fect upon the entire community. Except for the stabilizing effect of insurance in the form of establishing credit, this country would be in a state of chaos commercially by rea- son of the lack of confidence and se- curity so necessary to the successful conduct of any business. Insurance ir some form or other is so interwoven into our economic and business life that it is comparable to the circulatory system of the human body and may well be said to be the life-giving sub- stance to our successful existence and growth. Being so vital, it naturally looms up everywhere with prominence, and be- ing prominent makes it an outstand- ing object for criticism and attack. Most of the adverse criticism: emanates from the minds of those actuated pure- ly by selfish motives or because of a lack of knowledge of a highly technical business. An attack always calls for a defense and a defense can be develop- ed only by men of long experience who are likewise endowed with a sense of responsibility to the insuring public. M. A. Freedy, Insurance Commissioner of Wisconsin. Cannot Upset Balance Between Supply and Demand. In a recent address to the Academy of Political Science in New York Thomas W. Lamont, the well-known banker, listed over-production as the first of the causes of our business trou- bles. He added: “There can be no question that our present somewhat antiquated anti-trust laws have been in part responsible for encouraging excessive construction of plant and equipment in the industrial field. The present law constitutes almost a man- date to every wide-awake manufacturer to duplicate the facilities of his rival, and the result is bound to be a great economic waste. I am not assuming to suggest the sort of remedial legis- lation that should be had in order to avoid this obvious wastage, brought about through unbridled competition. But we can at least remember that the present anti-trust laws date from 1890. Would it not be advisable for our Na- tional legislature at least once in a MICHIGAN TRADESMAN forty-year period to review the work- ings of a statute like the Sherman anti- trust act which bears so vitally upon the problems of labor and capital?” There is no conflict between this sober statement and Calvin Coolidge’s re- minder that the Sherman act embodies common-law principles. which are the fruit of centuries of experience with the evils of monopoly, and that its re- peal or modification would be a dan- gerous proceeding. The objection to the Sherman law as it stands is not that it protects us against monopoly but that it prevents us from safe- guarding ourselves against the evils of enforced competition. We_ scarcely needed the bitter lessons of 1930 to convince us that we cannot upset the balance between supply and demand without disastrous consequences. Yet although most intelligent people know that the conditions which the Sherman law was enacted to meet are totally different from the conditions that bred the causes of the existing relapse and that this radical change should make imperative a re-examination of the old FIFTEEN YEARS OF SUCCESS 50,000 Policyholders The Citizens’ Mutual Automo- bile Insurance Company of Howell, Michigan, has finished fifteen years of successful busi- ness. It has a state-wide agency force to give service to its pol- icyholders and has paid out in round numbers, $8,000,000, in claims. The company has writ- ten its business on a “Cost plus Safety” basis and has established a fine surplus and full reserves. It is known as Michigan’s pio- neer mutual automobile insur- ance company and has among its policyholders members of the Supreme Court, Circuit Judges, lawyers, bankers, business men and farmers in all parts of the state. It has on its Board of Directors leading business men, bankers and lawyers, who have become experienced automobile insurance men. It has organized a claim department and with its experienced men, serious claims are adjusted with but little dif- ficulty. With its reputation for fairness, most claims are settled without litigation, contests being made only on those claims which are excessive or unreasonable. Its fair dealing and satisfied policyholders have secured a large volume of business. If not insured, it will pay you to see the local agent or write to the secre- tary. WM. E. ROBB, Howell, Michigan law that promotes production regard- less of consumption, few voices are raised in behalf of the wise action recommended by Mr. Lamont. What is needed now is a dispassionate study of the situation uninfluenced by preju- dices which are no longer pertinent. The old fear was of trusts. The dan- ger now confronting us is lack of team- play in dealing with disturbing ele- ments. ————_-_ +> +. May Offer Cheaper Fancy Hose. The leading producers of branded hosiery are watching the rayon mar- ket with keen interest, as a price re- duction will mean a downward re- vision in men’s ‘fancy ‘hose, accord- ing to comment in the trade yesterday. In the event of a rayon price cut, sev- eral of the well-known makers, whose 15 lowest retail price range in fancies is now 50 cents, probably will introduce a new line to sell at 35 cents, it was said. It was also thought that those National braids which start at 35 cents in fancy half hose will make a corresponding reduction, —_—_+-.—___ It is no good making a fortune if you do not know how to enjoy it. Higher material standards are no good if you do not know how to use them for a better life. Economic ideals must include the ideal of beauty as well as the ideal of plenty. We want new cap- ‘ital, far more capital than is being created to-day, ibut we want it not only to advance material well-being but because we want a better and more beautiful life for the citizens.—Sir Basil Blackett. OUR FIRE INSURANCE POLICIES ARE CONCURRENT with any standard stock policies that you are buying The Ne cots BO% Less Michigan Bankers and Merchants Mutual Fire Insurance Co. of Fremont, Michigan WILLIAM N. SENF, Secretary-Treasurer 444 Pine Street THRIFTY PEOPLE who insist on getting the most for their money place their fire insurance with the Finnish Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Calumet, Michigan. WHY? Because this company furnishes them with insurance at cost. This is done by paying the policy holders a rebate of 40% of the paid premium when the policy expires, thereby reducing the cost of the fire insurance to only 60% of what it would cost in any stock company. You're welcome to join us too, and save money. THE FINNISH MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY CALUMET, MICHIGAN Phone 358 Affiliated with 320 Houseman Bldg. The Michigan Retail Dry Goods Association Insuring Mercantile property and dwellings Present rate of dividend to policy holders 30% THE GRAND RAPIDS MERCHANTS MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY Grand Rapids, Mich. 16 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary THE SMALL TOWN As a Market For Nationally Adver- tised Brands. In spite of the much-heralded growth of private brands, small town retailers still show a marked prefer- ence for Nationally advertised food products. This is the most interesting conclu- sion of Walter Mann & Staff in a cur- rent survey of small town buying habits. Twenty-five grocery jobbers were asked to name in the order of their importance the three principal brands of each of fifteen major grocery lines sold to dealers in towns of less than 10,000 population. The results were tabulated according to the number of times each brand was mentioned. A scoring system was also used whereby three points were scored for a first mention, two for a second, and one for a third. The result, measured by either number of mentions or by points scored, was overwhelmingly in favor of the National brands. The number of mentions for National brands was 438 in the grocery group as a whole, compared with 290 for private and sectional brands. The number of points scored was 1,064%4 for National and 568% for private. Considering the fifteen grocery lines separately, it was found that private brands were mcre popular in only five —flour, syrup, crackers, canned vege- tables and canned fruits. In the case of canned vegetables private brands were mentioned 27 times, and scored 63 points, compared with 5 times and 13 points for National brands. In the case of canned fruits and flour the lead of private brands was also consider- able. The ten lines in which National brands led were breakfast foods, coffee, kitchen cleansers, baking powder, mustard, cheese, laundry soap, soap flakes, salt and soft drinks. The jobbers were also asked what proportion of their total volume went to retailers in cities under 10,000 pop- ulation, what was the average amount purchased by the small town dealer per year, whether this amount com- pared favorably or unfavorably with the amount purchased by the city dealer, whether the small towner was a better or worse merchant than the city merchant, and whether their sale of advertised merchandise was in- creasing or decreasing. Analysis of the answers of 18 job- bers, with an approximate combined annual volume of $61,753,000, who furnished complete information, indi- cates, according to Walter Mann & Staff, that 50.6 per cent. of their total sales are to dealers in towns under 10,000. Of twenty-five jobbers answering the other questions, twenty-four said the small towner was at least as good a merchant as the city retailer, and twenty-one said that his volume com- pared favorably with that of the city retailer. Twelve said their sales of advertised items in small towns were increasing, five that they were remaining about the same, and eight that they were de- creasing. The evidence here is not, apparently, as encouraging for the Na- tional advertiser as in the case of pres- ent preferences. It would be interest- ing to know what the jobbers who said sales were increasing would re- ply to the question of whether sales of these items were increasing more or less rapidly than they have in the past. It seems clear, at least as far as this survey is concerned, that National brands are still in the lead. There is doubt, however, whether they are los- ing or gaining. How does the com- bined sales volume of the twelve job- bers who noted an increase compare with that of the eight who noted a decrease? Since the volumes of the individual jobbers varied from $500,- G00 to at least $13,250,000 a year, the volume of the eight may easily be greater than that of the twelve. And, as noted above, the relative rapidity of ‘the increase or decrease is im- portant. All this leaves out of consideration the question of whether or not the job- bers interviewed are sufficiently rep- resentative to furnish an accurate pic- ture of the small town market. They were selected, it is pointed out, as out- standing wholesalers in their respec- tive cities, and the cities selected were chiefly medium sized — Springfield, Syracuse, Harrisburg, Baltimore, Rich- mond, Atlanta, Miami, Toledo, Colum- bus, Kalamazoo, Grand Rapids, Indian- apolis, South Bend, Peoria, Boston, Davenport, Minneapolis, Des Moines, Sioux City, Omaha, Kansas _ City, Oklahoma City, Fort Worth, New Or- leans and San Francisco. The idea in selecting jobbers in these medium- sized cities was that they were more likely to give an accurate picture than those in the large cities, who were likely to specialize in the city trade, or those in the small towns, who were likely to confine themselves more ex- clusively ‘to the small town trade. Twenty-six were interviewed. Twenty- five answered some of the questions. Eighteen gave complete information. The purpose of the investigation, which was financed by the Household Magazine of Topeka, Kan., was to evaluate the small town as a market for Nationally advertised products. The idea of the publication named in financing it, apparently, was that Na- tional advertisers might be convinced by it that it would be profitable to de- vote more attention to reaching the small town consumer in their adver- tising. It is explained in the intro- duction that space buyers have been accustomed to underestimate the im- portance of this market and to assume that they were reaching it through general and city media, when as a matter of fact they may have been neglecting an important opportunity for increased sales. A similar survey was made of the small town drug, hardware and dry goods markeis, with substantially the same results. —__++.—__—_ A Sad Case. “Very sad case, sir,” said the doctor, “But I believe your wife’s mind is completely gone.” “It’s no more than I expected,” re- turned the husband, “For the past fifteen years she has been giving me a piece of it nearly -every day. It couldn’t last forever.” Small Stocks Small Investments @ You never have to buy large stocks of Chase & Sanborn’s Dated Coffee. Twice a week Standard Brands delivery service brings you “‘Dated”’ coffee fresh from the roaster. You purchase just enough to take care «ef the demand for a few days only. You never need tie up any large amount of your working capital. Your stock investment is reduced to a minimum. And you realize profits much quicker. A tremendous advertising campaign is making your customers “Fresh Coffee Conscious’. Capitalize on this fact. Recommend Chase & Sanborn’s Dated Coffee to ail your customers. CHASE&xSANBORN’S Dated COFFEE 2—Small stocks properly 2 regulated and small in- vestments. 3—Quick turnovers and quick profits. 5 BIG REASONS Why You Should Push STANDARD BRANDS Products 1—Prompt service and fre- quent deliveries. Distributed by STANDARD BRANDS INCORPORATED 5—Nation-wide advertising. a 4—A reputation of fresh- ness with every product. STRENGTH ECONOMY THE MILL MUTUALS AGENCY Representing the MICHIGAN MILLERS MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY (MICHIGAN'S LARGEST MUTUAL) AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES Lansing Michigan Combined Assets of Group $63,982,428.15 20% to 40% Savings Made Since Organization FIRE INSURANCE — ALL BRANCHES Tornado—Automobile—Plate Glass Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Radicalism Wears a Mask—Is Indus- try Deceived? The business life of the world is in a state of extraordinary readjustment. As in all times of unrest, we are ‘beset by a multitude of the hasty, the un- thinking or the evil-minded with pan- aceas for the relief of conditions about which even the wisest among men and women hesitate to reach definite con- clusions. ‘The great mistake most of our present day theorists are making is that, while they are correct in the opin- ion that we are living in a world dis- traught, their remedies overlook the fact that the only effective cure will come through the age-tested formula cf hard work, frugal living, economical government and thorough co-operation. —George B. Cortelyou. In those words, from eleven years ago, we have a prescription partly ap- plicable to the present. In some respects both the current depression and the prospects of speedy recovery appear to be over-advertised. The first named, certainly, is not as bad as the chronic weepers imply. All men who are over fifty have seen worse periods. It would, therefore, seem to be short-sighted—even silly—to forget what followed each of those periods in this wonderful country. One has to be at least half blind and negative-minded to be completely a pessimist at ‘this time. President Hoover at Cleveland reminded us of many encouraging factors that are ig- nored, as he said, by ‘“‘a few folks in business and several folks in the politi- cal world who resent the notion that things will ever get better.” A serum for the stock market-mind- ed might also help. Never before in our time were so many people so af- fected. Continuance and _ prevalence of the disease can tbe verified by cock- ing an ear in the corridors, lunch rooms and other by-ways of any office or plant. It will be a better day when quotations stay put in the back pages of the newspapers and stock market- minded multitude goes back to work. There is continuing need of hard work, management and co-operation. There is the more need of it, both within our industry and between ours and other industries, if we are ‘to be in step with President Hoover's rea- sonable suggestion that the (present situation “does not require us to wait upon the (economic) recovery of the rest of the world,’ and that “we can make a very lerge degree of recovery independently of what may happen elsewhere,” as we did in 1922. This independent recovery will be obstructed by two classes of people. In the first class are President Hoov- er’s “folks who resent the notion that things will ever get better.” In the second are the “multitude of the hasty, the unthinking or the evil-minded,” with their ready-made panaceas, in which some kind of more-government- in-business is universally the chief in- gredient. Radicalism, whether communistic red or socialistic pink, is never danger- ous in this country when it takes the spotlight without a mask, as it used to ‘de before the war. In these times, and for these times, with deliberate intent, it mostly goes in disguise and parades itself as “progressive action,’ as so- called “liberalism” and “social advance- ment” and as other varieties of alleged “reform.” Evidence of it is all around us if we but look. In relation to this phase of National life, American industry generally needs nothing so much as it needs an active sense of its community of interest, and of the obligations thereof whenever any branch or segment of business and industry is threatened with govern- mental encroachment. Government ownership proposals, for example: whether Federal, state or municipal; whether in the field of transportation, of public utility service, of fertilizer production, of imsurance or some other —every last one of them is as definitely socialistic in its ultimate purpose as a Russian soviet decree abolishing all private property at one stroke. It is fatuous self-delusion to think other- wise. In meeting these proposals there is no half-way stopping place for anyone who gets his fiving by business and in- dustry. One step in “socialization” of business, if unchecked, leads to an- other. That is a law of Nature. A smallpox epidemic, remember, is only an accumulation of individual smallpox cases. Natural gas is, at this time, especially conspicuous among “God’s gifts to hu- manity,” as the radicals say it. Human- ity cannot use the “gift,” of course, un- til it is made available on the user’s premises. But that does not stop ef- fective play on the phrase by those who want to “socialize” and govern- mentize industry. They have their eye on this business. The more intelligent- ly the business is handled the less they can do to hurt it. And, in the long run, stabilization of the business will be more profitable to all concerned than trying to squeeze the last possible nickel out of it at the earliest possible moment. he proper agencies are proceeding logically and sensibly, and with continuity of purpose, to study and deal with the distressing waste of natural gas. If able and far-seeing leadership and earnest service can keep an industry dealing with changing problems of the times as they arise, then that indus- try need fear no competition and shall be well fortified against governmental encroachment. B. J. Mullaney. oe Odds and Ends. Little bits Old mis-fits: Perhaps they may Not come in play,’ And again Perhaps they may, One cannot tell, You do not know Just when the wind Is going to blow, Or when it fails Or when it lends Promise of help— Like odds and ends. - Button-strings Many things Thrown in a box; Can openers And keys to locks; Shoe-buckles, spools, Some tag-rag tools A scissors case My dolly’s face, A> clothes-brush back Of. Sterling silver Bent and black; Hair-ribbon, braids, Old razor-blades. Yet every time Pa’s pants she mends Then mother says: “Bring me that box Of odds and ends.” Charles A. Heath. ie a Some fellows are always trying to do something that can’t be done—and failing. steel display shelving, tables, racks, counters and special fixtures will give a progressive appearance to your store and increase your sales. Steel shelving equipment made by Terrell is not expensive—it soon pays for itself in increased business. Customers will buy attractively displayed merchandise. Terrell — LET US HELP YOU MODERNIZE YOUR STORE — TERRELL’S EQUIPMENT COMPANY GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN At Ever Meal t ASTERPIECES _ OF THE BAKERS ART y¥ Te tn 2 om ( ie a S re SS we ; wl vl mt sT ew or aay occasion Sais Mamie cthercsean sack ne bas Ld alata Felecia 18 ' DRY GOODS Michigan Retail Dry Goods Association. President—J. B. Mills, Detroit. First Vice-President—Geo. E. Martin, Benton Harbor. Second Vice-President—J. T. Milliken, Traverse City. Secretary-Treasurer—Thomas Pitketh- ly, Flint. Manager—Jason E. Hammond, Lansing. Official Report From Michigan Dry Goods Association. Lansing, Dec. 1—The officers of the Grand Rapids Merchants Mutual Fire Insurance Co. announce with pleasure that the amount of insurance in force at this time has passed the ten million mark. We occasionally refer to our company and we are gratified to ob- serve that our members are more and more becoming regular and steady pa- trons of their ow: insurance company. The business is handted with caution, only good risks are assumed, fire haz- ards are carefully inspected and losses are paid with promptness. Records show that seven officers at- tended two recent group meetings and that all officers have attended one meeting; that two former presidents have attended three meetings and all former presidents except one have at- tended one meeting. A report of the attendance and in- terest at both of the previous meetings was made bv the Manager and a for- mal written report giving the sub- stance of the official advice of the two previous meetings was also communi- cated to the officers present. The of- ficial action at these meetings may be summarized as follows: The date and location of the next annual convention was fixed for the Hotel Statler, Detroit, Thursday and Friday, April 24 and 25. Definite ar- rangements were given to the Presi- dent, J. B. Mills; Secretary-Treasurer, Thomas Pitkethly and Manager J. E. Hammond, with an advisory Program Committee—F. H. Nissly, George E. Martin, Van D. Field, Henry McCor- mack and Clare R. Sperry. Manager reported that twelve bulle- tins had been issued from the head- quarters office since the May directors meeting, also reported that consider- able time and attention had been given to getting acquainted with the senti- ment among the mewly elected mem- bers of the Legislature on the subject of legislation pertaining to the retail irade. A financial report was given showing the condition of the treasury. It was commented that merchants are paying their dues remarkably well consider- ing the depressed condition of business. Expenses in the headquarters offices have been diminished considerably and it is expected that with some extra diligence in the collection of dues that we will approach the end of the fiscal year with a balance on the right side. It was decided to make a special effort to secure additional members from certain non-member stores in Detroit and Grand Rapids. The meth- od of procedure was left to the Presi- dent, Secretary and Manager. The sentiment was unanimous at all three official meetings that no mer- chandise- exhibition be made at our coming convention and the duration of the convention be two days instead of three. The Manager recommended the sale of the merchandise booths now in storage at the Hotel Olds. The recommendation was approved. Plans for the raising of additional funds for convention expenses in the form of a convention program book was discussed. It was reported that the same company that did the work during the past few years was now soliciting business for the 1931 pro- gram, arrangement having been made by Mr. Mills and Mr. Hammond. The deaths of the brother of D. M. Christian, of Owosso: the wife of A. B. Freeman, of Durand, the father of Mrs. J. B. Milis and Mrs. F. H. Nissly, were reported. On motion the MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Manager was directed to send letters of sympathy and good will to each of the four persons mentioned above. The Flint meeting was one of the most interesting meetings ever he'd by the Association. In the absence of J. B. Mills, F. E. Mills gave a resume of his address given at Traverse City and Battle Creek. Henry McCor- mack discussed the viewpoint of the small-tow1 merchant. H. N. Brink repeated his address given at Battle Creek, the same being very much ap- preciated and enthusiastically received. H. M. Gerholz, of Flint, had Optimism for his topic. Mr. Gerholz is an elo- quent and energetic man and his ad- dress alone was a full program in itself. Forty-five members were pres- ent, Do not make pattern contracts for more than a two-year veriod. and not more than two months’ termination period notice. Not much literature will be sent out from the headquarters office during December. Immediately after we will want to communicate freely with our members on matters pertaining to leg- islation and the preparation for our annual convention. We would like to have as many suggestions as possible regarding the subjects for the program. We will also expect our members to comment freely regarding the items of legislation which will be sent out from time to time. In these days of business depression the maintaining of membership and collecting of dues, like the collecting of merchandising accounts, becomes a real problem. On Monday morning next you will receive the monthly statements for the month beginning Dec. 1, including a few of those who are in arrears for two or more months. We earnestly urge that those in ar- rears will send in a check at once so that we can finish the year of 1930 with a good record. Jason E. Hammond, Mgr. Mich. Retail Dry Goods Ass’n. —~>- > ___ Import Chinese Rugs in Small Lots. Importers of Chinese rugs are re- sorting to a strict policy of hand-to- mouth buying this year because of un- certainty over next season’s business. Most of the houses are following the unprecedented plan of ordering new goods at the close of each month. The orders are based upon the sales of the preceding month and specify delivery four or five months later. In other seasons the importers have placed orders covering expected requirements for six months or more in advance. Persian rug importers are showing in- terest in the new policy and may adopt it when they go into the market for new stocks. The demand for both Oriental and Chinese rugs at this time is limited to small replacement orders and very little real business is looked for until Spring. —_>+.___ See Dollar Hose As Holiday Leader. The strong emphasis which is ex- pected to be placed on the $1 full- fashioned stocking by retail stores as a Christmas item is causing some con- cern to mills, according to reports in the primary market. The greater pro- portion of holiday sales is expected to be concentrated on the lower-priced hose, and at present quotations mills are realizing orly a very small profit, it was said. Producers are also won- dering what effect the $1 hose will have on ingrain silk goods, 75 per cent. of the total production of which is disposed of during the holidays. The popular retail price on this stocking will range from about $1.30 to $1.75, it was stated. Forty-seventh Anniversary 4 § { { { { , { { { { { { { { { { q { { { { 4 , { { Heyboer’s 5c WAFFLES A CREATION OF GENUINE MERIT ITS NEW - ITS DIFFERENT A PIECE THAT EATS Serves the Purpose— As a Candy Bar As a Lunch Delicious with Coffee, Malted Milk, Ice Cream, Etc. A live item for the wholesale trade. Territories being allotted. Write us. HOLLAND AMERICAN WAFER CO. Grand Rapids, Mich. rsa rn ee ee ee ee ee ee Oe ee ey nee tr mgr -eun” nen ea en age ane agony daa AI dc Ol i ee { { { { { ‘ { ‘ { { { { { { { { { { f { { { { { { { { { { { { { { 4 C.F. Mueller Company Announces a 40c per case reduc- tion from list, on all their package products except Cooked Spaghetti, and 5c ABC’s. At this new low price we know you will ma- terially increase your sales because of the interest your customers will show in these goods. C. F. MUELLER COMPANY NEW JERSEY JERSEY CITY cone earn = sarcoma mas ie « __ RY Pan Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 19 SHOE MARKET Michigan Reta:! Shoe Dealers Association. President—Elwyn Pond, Flint. ~ Vice-President—J. E. Wilson, Detroit Secretary—Joe H. Burton, Lansing. Asst. Sec’y-Treas.—O. R. Jenkins. Association Business Office, 907 Trans- portation Bldg., Detroit. Why Sell Profitless Shoes? Something should ‘be said in ‘behalf of shoe retailing as a service-plus. The shoe is only part of the sale. Back of it is size selection and a fitting service. The shoe merchant should be able to tell his customers why he should get a rightful price. We see by the Distri- bution Census study that the average family in America has a retail spend- ing sum of money equivalent to $446 —the balance of the income goes to those continuing charges of rent, furni- ture, heat, light, insurance, medical at- tention, entertainment, etc. The new Government census shows us that on the four test cities: Syra- cuse, Trenton, Pueblo and El Paso— 20c of every “retail dollar’ that the public has to spend is expended upon automobiles; 2lc for food; 16c for general merchandise and 9c in the to- tal apparel group (which includes shoes). If the automobile dealer takes 20c of every retail dollar on the average, he is doing a good job with a very small unit investment. That is to say, if he has two sample automobiles in stock and he sells eight automobiles, includ- ing the samples, he is up against no ccmplicated stcck or turnover prob- lem. The retail shoe merchant has got to have fifty pairs of shoes in stock to sell one pair to the customer bringing in a pair of feet whose size is pretty much a question, when he enters the door. When that one pair has been sold it is likely to leave a hole in the stock that makes the rest of the goods or the shelf much less valuable because of the break in sizes. In shoes, the fitting problem is always with the merchant. The customer who buys his or her shoes gets more and pays less in shoes. But shoes can only be sold that way. Give proper consideration, therefore, to the fact that a 10 per cent. reduc- tion in all shoes within the store is likely to result in wiping out all the profit. It is not in the cards for a store that is doing $2,000 worth of business a menth to lop off $200 per month and hope that the net result will be a profit. For strange as it may seem, when everybody reduces prices nobody gets the increased volume justifying that reduction. Much of present day “reduction” is hysteria— not common sense. It is time to think seriously of what the shoe store gives in service that should on its part command a price outside of the intrinsic value of the shoes themselves. If you render ser- vice you are entitled to some reward for that service rendered. What is now needed is a sober sense of realities. Look at every prob- lem, not only from its immediate ap- plication but for its effect on your busi- ness next year and even into the year ahead of that. How far can you af- ford to go in automatically cutting your prices “right across the board?” —Boot and Shoe Recorder. Six Stores in Lamont in 1866. In the spring of 1833 Harry and Zina Steel settled and took up the East half of section 7. They built the first log house which was East of the quar- ter line at the intersection of River street and Water street. In the fall of 1834 Henry Steel went back to New York and in the spring of 1835 he came back with his ‘wife and Jeremiah O. Hedges and bought the East 130 acres of Harry and Zina Steel. Jeremiah Hedges went back in the fall of 1835 and in the spring of 1836 he brought his family—wife, boys and daughter. Miner, the youngest, rode a horse from New York State. He was nine years old. They arrived April 9, 1836. Harry and Zina built a store at the bend of the river. After a few years they built a grist mill on the East side of the store. Harry was the miller and one morning they were starting up and he was letting the stone down when the governing belt blew off, and the stone went so fast that it bursted and one piece drove Mr. Steel up through the upper floor. It took him right off his boots. It was called Steel Landing until, in 1856, it was platted and called a village. A man by the name of A. Lamont Chubb, of Grand Rapids, said if they would name it Lamont, he would give the village a plow. Ina few years he gave them a scraper also. Mr. Chubb was in the agriculture busi- ness in Grand Rapids. Miner Hedges was partner when Mr. Steel got killed. After that he built a store un lot 3, Middleburg plat. The Luthers—George and Sylvester—built a store next to the river. Afterwards Sylvester sold out to Norman Hins- dell, who was drowned. Then Charles Pitman bought the interest of Hinsdell and it was called Luther & Pitman. Then after a few years Pitman sold out to Ed. Babcock and Pitman built a hardware store on the Northwest corner of the property now owned by Mr. Foote. In 1866 there were six stores below Water street. They were John Bemis, M. Hedges, J. & P. Baker, Luther & Hinsdell, Scott & Westervelt, and A. Cassel, who had a feed store which also handled groceries. Afterwards Westervelt sold out to Elihu Walling. The business was continued under the name of Scott & Walling until the store burned in 1870 or 187i. R. Col- man had a tannery in the building which was the Steel’s. It burned down and Colman moved to Grand Rapids. Slater & Corney built the store build- ing now owned by Kramer Bros. They built wagons and repaired them. T. B. Woodbury came to Lamont in the spring of 1835 and took up the land West of %4 line of section 7 to the town line and from the river to the section line running East and West. He built his log house on the South- west corner of Woodbury Reserve. Then he built a frame house on the East side of the reserve next to Union lane. Then he built a large grist mill West of his house on the river. Then after years he built a house South of the Congregational church and a little West. He lived there until he moved to Fruitport, where he died. Oscar Cilley and James Cilley built a sash, door, blind and planing mill West of the grist mill which burned when the Woodbury grist mill burned. Then they built another sash, door and planing factory. Oscar sold out to James and he ran it a few years. Thea he sold out to his son, Ithel Cilley. James moved to Coopersville and went into the law business and died there. Frank Hedges. ay a ' ee Mit x YOUR JOBBER STERILIZED-UNSWEETENE® —— THE PAGE MILK COMPANY Merrill, Wis. FEET HURT? TRY THE TORSON ARCH SHOE 25,000 men have adopted this shoe. Their foot troubles are over. Your feet will tell you why. Style 900—Brown Kid Oxford Style 901—Black Kid Oxford Style 902—Black Kid Shoe Style 903—Brown Kid Shoe All Sizes and Widths. Herold Bertsch Shoe Co. Manufacturers of Quality Footwear Since 1892. Grand Rapids, Michigan. Old Master COFFEE Universally Conceded To Be the Best Brand on the Market For the Money. SOLD ONLY BY The Blodgett-Beckley Co. Main Office Toledo Detroit Office and Warehouse 517 East Larned Street Standard Grocer and Milling Co. Holland, Michigan Supply Depot for Independent Grocers Alliance of America An organization of more than ten thousand Independent wholesale and retail grocers operating in 38 states. taunt RAN NER CoRR. conan ae eta AR We RRNA LIN, i PMSA Simatic scsi AOL ID 20 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary RETAIL GROCER Retail Grocers and Meat Dealers Associa- tion of Michigan. ‘Pres dent — Gerritt VanderHooning, Grand Rapids. First Vice-Bresident—William Schultz, Ani Arbor. second Vice-President—Paul Schmidt, Lansing. Secretary — Herman Hanson, Grand Rapids. Treasurer—-O. H. Bailey, Sr., Lansing. Diieciors — Ole Peterson, Muskegon; Frank Marxer, Saginaw; Le gh Thomas, Ann Arbor; M. C. Goossen, Lansing; R. J. LaBarge, Pontiac. The High Cost of Long Buying. “Notwithstanding I feel I should know better, I fall right along for one case free with five of baking powder. There are 48 cans in the case and the deal lasts me ten and a half months. The five cases cost me $55.20 and I get thrown in one case valued at $10.40, and freight paid. Then there is the chocolate bar deal: 50 boxes at 85c the box, freight paid. In this case goods are sure to be fresh from the maker against possibility of stale goods from wholesaler; but boxes last me seven months and the wholesaler charges 8 per cenit. per month. “YT intend to study your chapter on buying and figure out the bars and baking powder as you do, to see where I am at.” It is said that hell is paved with good intentions. I do not know—yet— as to hell; but I am sure that any number of failed grocery stores have that kind of flooring from cellar to attic. We do so love to gamble—to take a chance—to kid ourselves—that we go right cn doing this, even after we have had the hint given us to get down to cases, figure out a brass-tacks equation and learn exactly what the comparative results are between the Ing and short buying systems. Let us now examine the plain facts of income and outgo in this man’s case. Then let us follow with some of the collateral consequences and contingent disadvantages to try to convince our- selves on precisely what we can count under both systems. In the baking powder deal we get six cases for the price of five and freight is paid on the lot. I do not know the margin earned. Let us as- sume it is 30 per cent. Then we have goods at regular value of $55.20, plus one-fifth of that, or $11.04 free. This is a slight discrepancy from figures written to me, ‘but near enough to prove the argument. So we get goods at face value of $66.24 which, when sold at 30 per cent., yield us a gross of $94.63. Because these goods cost us $55.20, we have total gross spread of $39.43; and this gross is realized once in.ten months and a half. The gross in this case is 70 per cent. plus. on capital used. On the face of it, this looks tempting. But let us now try the short purchase system. I do not know what transportation 2mounts to. Let us assume- that one case will cost $11.50. If sold at 30 per cent., the sale will be $16.43. Let us do that six times in the ten and one- half months and we have a gross earnings of $29.58. On the capital em- ployed, this shows 257-per cent. on the money. The dollars and cents on the deal are $39.43, while on the single purchase they are only $29.58. The nearly ten dollars difference can be used by the salesman as a convincing argument in many cases. But any thoughtful mer- chant can know that he can always keep his money working and that any method of stock keeping which will enable him to purchase five lines with the money used under another meth- od to carry one line deserves pretty careful examination. But my friend writes that his whole- saler charges 8 per cent. per month. Can that be true? If it is, we have another charge against long buying. Let us assume that this bill is paid in equal monthly installments and that no charge is made until thirty days have passed. Then at the end of thirty days, $3.68 must be paid on the $46 balance; another thirty days, $2.95 on $36.80 balance; another thirty days, $2.20 on $27.60; next, $1.47 on $18.40; finally, 74c on the jiast $9.20. Here, then, we have interest which totals $11.04—pre- cisely what was saved on the deal. In this event earnings are $28.39 to- tal against $29.58 on the single case purchase plan. If the statement re- garding interest charges is correct, there can be no possible argument in favor of the long purchase. But even if that item of interest be eliminated, there are plenty reasons left why the wise merchant will buy goods only for immediate sale. This present correspondent carries an assorted stock of $8,000 to $9,000. He uses around $2,500 for groceries. Obviously, ne cannot go much into purchases like that five cases baking powder assortment. Thus his danger is not crucial or great, perhaps. He has been a consistent money maker— far and away beyond and better than any average; and it is ungrateful to criticize success too drastically on the adverse side. So I would have it un- derstood that this merchant has done and is doing niighty well. My only thought in thus dissecting mistaken practices is to help him make more money more certainly. For his suc- cess so far has ‘been in spite and not ‘because of such practices as I thus comment upon. Let us now examine the chocolate bar system of purchases. Fifty boxes of ‘bars at once require $42.50 of capital. If sold for $1.20— which I assume to be the price—the fifty boxes sell for a total of $60. The gross spread is $17.50, in seven months’ time. Here we have gross earnings on money used equivalent to 41 per cent. plus. Suppose, now, instead of buying enough for seven months we buy eight boxes to insure our having stock for thirty days. Let us then pay 90c for them. This will absorb $7.20 and, on seven months’ business, yield us $16.80 of gross revenue. Here, then, we have gross earnings of 233% on capital em- ployed during the seven months. It should be noted, however, that my figures are twice as big as they should be. This because stock is al- ways being sold. Hence, the average of capital invested is always half the total of any given purchase. So these figures, ratios and earnings are sub- ject to great revision. But all that can be worked out for himself by any in- terested man. He will find that it simply confirms and strengthens my (Continued on. page 31) TO ALL OUR DEALERS AND THEIR CLERKS GREETINGS A. W. WALSH COMPANY Wholesale Grocers KALAMAZOO - - - - MICHIGAN Always Sell LILY WHITE FLOUR “*‘The Flour the best cooks use.’”’ Also our high quality specialties Rowena Yes Ma'am Graham Rowena Pancake Flour Rowena Golden G. Meal Rowena Buckwheat Compound Rowena Whole Wheat Flour Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. VALLEY CITY MILLING CO. Grand Rapids, Mich. In More Homes Everyday RAaLSOM America’s dinest Bread 2 \ y 7, SANCTUM BAKORIUM \ lf, NEWS If a man makes a better bread than his neighbor he should tell the world about it. We do—both. ee 2 oe MR. GROCERY MAN! ARE YOU SELLING BRAAK’S HOMELIKE COOKIES For a quick turnover let us supply you frem our 25 varieties. Established 1904 Call Phones 939 Spring Lake, Michigan We deliver within a radius of 100 miles. 0%s) a> 0 04 0D 0D Oe ee 0.9 0-am> 0a 0-4@ 0D 0-0-0 D (: GRAND RAPIDS PAPER Box Co. Manufacturers of SET UP and FOLDING PAPER BOXES SPECIAL DIE CUTTING AND MOUNTING G R AN D RA,P IDS MICGCGgHIGAN Die MENTHOL-HOREHOUND COUGH DROPS Your Customers Want Them Order Now. NATIONAL CANDY, co., INC... PUTNAM FACTORY aranp rapips, MICH. aaraanene® » ( “ a + sey i No lg anion cs s nate ’ — a " = RAE ania ss, » > , e Spigot: eae Raia 4 ‘ ® y ~ ¥ « sone ae | sl 2 kee Op renmscnoe taisaseite Cs vont v Forty-seventh Anniversary The arrangement of the matter was a decidedly new one—at least for this locality. ; “The copy I turned out was differ- ent. At the same time it was not freakish in any sense of the word. It was not-necessary to resort to unusual arrangements and eccentric schemes to make my advertising different. I had a new style; that was all. It stood out from everything else in the paper. “Tt certainly brought the results. I believe that every man, woman and child with money to spend for Thrist- mas presents read my advertisements during the last week of the shopping season.” The style and arrangements describ- ed were novel in this particular com- munity and newspaper. They might be commonplace in some other com- munity. The great point is to get something different from the adver- tisement to which your community is accustomed. It is possible to learn from almost anything, and I myself had some ex- perience along the same line, not hard- ward, but election advertising. In a certain election contest one candidate set out to use black faced type and heavy borders. His most ordinary word was so heavily emphasized that iz was impossible to devise anything more empHatic when he wanted to stress some particular statement. And it was all ordinary display advertising. What was the most effective means of countering that sort of stuff? Black- ec type? Heavier borders? I decided on the exact opposite. Accordingly, our advertising took the form, invari- ably, of a personal letter from the can- didate to the electors. This letter was set in large, clear, thin faced type. In place of a heavy border, a deep white space was left surrounding the letter. The result was a clean and pleasing effect, different, not merely from the opposing candidate’s black-faced ma- teriai, but from everything else in the paper. Now, there is the principle for the hardware dealer to follo win his search for something different. Quite often, as in the last case I have cited, the “something different” can be achieved quite easily, once you con- vince the make-up man that you really mean what you say. It should be re- membered, of course, that the average newspaper’s stock of type faces is lim- ited, and that as a rule you have to work within such limitations. But in the type available you are pretty sure to find something which, coupled with a different border and a different ar- rangement, will provide an arresting effect. Of course the more you know of the technique of type and make-up, the better fitted you are to cope with the problem of securing something distinctive. A study of newspaper advertising in other cities will often give suggestions which, if they cannot be followed out exactly, may nevertheless be adapted tc your purposes. The same principle apples to your window displays right now. You should, preferably, make them stock with plenty of price tickets. But the introduction of some strong elements of novelty into the arrangements will have the effect of making your window MICHIGAN TRADESMAN stand out from others along the same street. Victor Lauriston. ee Albion Merchants Adopt Novel Christ- mas Activity. Albion, Dec. 1—The Business & Professional Men’s Association, after several meetings of the board, with others, adopted the following plan for our annual Christmas activity, starting Dec. 1 and closing at 8 o'clock Christ- mas eve. After discussing various propositions from all angles it was unanimously adopted to give away $500 in cash prizes, to be redeemed in merchandise by you. There will be twenty-five parts of this $500 prize or, in other words, twenty-five prizes: Birst price 222028 2 oa $ 50.00 Fourteen prizes —_--..--.--.__ 25.00 Pen prizes ea 10.00 Making a total of 2-00 2 = $500.00 These prizes will be in dollar cou- pons, to be accepted ‘by you as cash in exchange for merchandise or for credit on account. They are to be in effect for thirty days. You are to accept these coupons which may be tendered as you would money, and at the end of the month we will redeem them all —dollar for dollar—from you. These coupons can ‘be presented only at the places which are in the activity. None will be cashed by chain stores, as no chain stores are in this activity. The receivers of these prizes may take their coupons and spend them where they want to and for what they want from any merchant and at any store listed. The money will stay in Albion and you will get it. If there are any prizes which are not claimed the money will be turned over to the welfare and charity fund. All thought that this was a bettér plan than that of giving one large prize. The plan of giving out tickets will be conducted bv you the same as it was last year; namely, a ticket for every dollar purchase and for every dollar paid on account, except that the activity will not close until 8 o’clock Christmas eve. As soon as possible after that time you will be re- sponsible for the placing of your tickets in a large container which will be on a dray at some point on the street. oe HARBAUER - CATSUP PICKLES VINEGAR MUSTARD THE HARBAUER CO. TOLEDO, OHIO. MANUFACTURERS AND PACKERS OF TOMATO CATSUP, CHILI SAUCE AND PUREE, PICKLES, MUSTARD AND VINE- GAR UNDER FACTORY OR DISTRIBU- TOR’S PRIVATE BRANDS :: :: FACTORY BRANDS ELK’S PRIDE - UNIFORM QUALITY OF THE HIGHEST GRADE IS ALWAYS MAINTAINED IN HARBAUER PRODUCTS If you have not already signed or if you have not been invited, we do so now and ask you to come to see our Secretary. E. Floyd Hoaglin, Secretary. —__~-+ 2 Keep Meat in Front. When you installed your grocery de- partment did you put it in the front of the store, leaving the meats at the rear? This is wront, according to Chester Rettberg of the educational department of the Southern California Grocers’ Association, Los Angeies. “A question a great many men ask me,” he states, is: “‘Where does the meat department belong? “Any of you men who have had ex- perience in cutting meat know that there is only one place for the meat department—on the right hand side, in front of the store. Not in the rear; if you want to kill a meat business, take it to the rear of the store. “The reason it is on the right hand side is that most of you are right- handed and you don’t want to cut your meat with your back to the customer.” >. Correct living adds to the prob- ability of success; no man can work well or think well with his life line filled with clinkers—E. W. Howe. Sand Lime Brick Nothing as Durable Nothing as Fireproof Makes Structure Beautiful No Painting No Cost for Repairs Fire Proof Weather Proof Warm in Winter—Coo! in Summer Brick is Everlasting GRANDE BRICK CO. Grand Rapids. SAGINAW BRICK CoO. Saginaw. MENU pltD RASPBERRIES, Look for the Red Heart on the Can LEE & CADY Distributor | Jennings’ Pure Extracts Vanilla, Lemon, Almond, Orange, Raspberry, Wintergreen. Jennings Flavoring Extract Co. Grand Rapids, Mich. Phone 61366 JOHN L. LYNCH SALES CO. _ SPECIAL SALE EXPERTS Expert Advertisin Expert Mrechandising 209-210-211 Murray Bldg. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN I. Van Westenbrugge Grand Rapids - fuskegon (SERVICE DISTRIBUTOR) Nucoa KRAFT (A )CHEESE All varieties, bulk and package cheese ‘*Rest Foods”’ Salad Dressings Fanning’s Bread and Butter Pickles Alpha Butter TEN BRUIN’S HORSE RADISH and MUSTARD OTHER SPECIALTIES Corduroy Tires Our success is founded on the sale of up to date, qual- ity merchandise where the _ saving in selling cost is passed on to our customers who or- der by mail or wire, at our expense, di- rect. Made in Grand Rapids Sold Through Dealers Only. CORDUROY TIRE CoO. Grand Rapids, Mich. SARLES Detective Agency Licensed and Bonded Michigan Trust Bldg. Grand Rapids, Mich. 24 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary HOTEL DEPARTMENT News and Gossip Concerning Michi- gan Hotels. Los Angeles, Dec. 1—Hollywood has suddenly discovered, so it is re- ported, that Wall street financial in- terests have sent out a flock of spies in the way of.extra girls, book-keepers, gatement, etc., in the studios, to find out why so much money is being wast- ed. Wall street does these things oc- casionally to protect, as it were, “Innocent investors,’ which, with some peop'e who have been frost-bitten, will be considered a great joke. Everyone back East, hears a lot about Holly- wood, and it is usually one of tthe first points of contact upon the arrival of the tourist. At one time most of the movie activities were located here, and while the most of these institutions are now located at points rather re- mote-from this section, the social ex- citement is still left, and so long as every layman thinks he is on the in- side, everyone is correspondingly happy. But investors seem to be get- ting a trifle wary and the facts are that the movies are geared up pretty high for safety. Actors of very mediocre ability get from $4,000 to $5,000 per week. Writers get $50,000 for stories that are thrown away by the directors, who thereunon proceed to make up their own stories; minor executives get higher sa‘aries than the President of the United States for doing work that requires just as much ability as the management of a dry cleaning estab- lishment, for which ‘good pay would be twenty per week. No one realizes these conditions more perfectly than the large producers and they knew all about it long before Wall street be- came curious, but how to overcome their difficulties is yet another story, and possibly the alleged spies from New York’s financial center may hep them out of their dilemma. It is claimed that these enormous salaries are due to a discovery made by the brother of the immortal Charley Chap- lin, and it sure was some revelation. Charley was making a fair salary as a slap-stick vaudeville artist in some of the least meritorious of the variety theaters, but when he got into the movies, the producers were making a very good thing picturing his talents, which fact the brother unearthed. He argued that if Brother Charley could bring home siabs of. bacon of such im- mense_ proportions for his employers that Brother should have a little gravy for his griddle cakes. In other words he decided that if Charley could bring in profits of $500.000 a year more than other artists, he should have a “salary” and not a “wage.” Then the sky rockets began to illuminate the Holly- wood skies, and artists who had any drawing qualities, or possessed friends in court, became wise, demanded top- notch compensation, as did the di- rectors, writers, camera men—in fact everybody on the lot—and got it. Everybody familiar with the situation knows that these salaries cannot last, and some of the wiseacres claim that the day is not far distant when the maximum Hollywood stipend will be $500 per week, or even less. ‘But even that is not to be sneezed at, when you consider that on the waiting lists are many embryo actors and heroines who, with half a chance would make good. When you go through the big office buildings in the East you are staggered to learn that here are men who draw down the princely salary of $25,000 each, and yet cut here a movie director told me a while back that he had just closed a contract with a “ham” actor at $1,500 per week who wasn’t worth $50, but he needed a “filler” for a cer- tain picture and there you are. Every head of a big industrial institution I know of is drawing less pay than some of the second grade photographers who dawdle away time on the lot. But it is like the gold rush during Klondike days, and but a short distance away is the time when myriads of these peo- ple who are now drawing down sal- aries sufficient to pay the National debt, will be in the bread line. Wall street may be slow with its sense of realization, and possibly doesn’t care so much about it, but while the movies seem almost to be a necessity, there will come a time when people will de- mand clean shows, produced by peo- ple of talent and not simple prestige, and at prices very much lower than they are now paying. There is nothing sufficiently artistic about the movie which will make it other than a chean form of amusement. A few show houses place a new film on the screen and garner a lot of suckers at $1.50, but these are a coterie of first nighters who have more cash than sense. A few weeks later the same _ identical screen arrives in the down-town zone and gives a showing for fifteen cents, which is a fair valuation. Down in New York City they have what is known as a hotei promotion association. Its purposes as yet, are not generally understood. If organ- ized for the purpose of promoting trade, all well and good, but if they have in contemplation the building of other institutions in a field already overcrowded, I am inclined to think they should be suppressed through the activities of a vigilance committee. An association for the purpose of bringing to the American people, especially in- vestors, actual knowledge as to hotel conditions, would unquestionably be a good thing. Practical hotel men are not responsible for conditions brought about by overbuilding. It has all been done by persons: absolutely unfamiliar with the hotel game, but who have a fanciful idea that it is the one industry in all the world which is making money, when, to be exact, it is one of the worst sufferers from commercial depression. In fact ever since the world’s war, the hotel industry has had its tribulations. Prior to that time it was a good business—not a bonanza—but still a healthy proposi- tion, which yielded fair dividends. The largest chain of hotels in the country, at that time—the Statlers—returned fair dividends to its stockholders, even at rates perceptibly lower than those now charged. There were other indi- vidual institutions which did very well. The dividends paid were just fair in- terest on the investments—no more. Now, when I make the statement that many new hotel propositions are the result of ambition on the part of the unintiated I perhaps should qualify it by saying that in the ‘hotel business, like in every other line, are some in- dividuals who think wrong, and this small contingent may, in a way, have been responsible for a lot of ventures by the layman which were not war- ranted by conditions as they would be analyzed ‘by more practical members of the profession. I have known a few dreamers who really believed in miracles, and these may have encour- aged the innocent bystander to in- vest his money in untangible schemes. Education of investors, if you can get. at them, might help some, although Barnum’s slant on the capacity of the general public, was not far amiss. If there were no more hotels built in the next ten years there wou!d still be too many of these institutions, but how to head them off is beyond me. False economy is as extravagant as wastefulness. When a well paid em- ploye takes valuable time to save string, wrapping paper and paper clips, he is not only a direct financial loss ut also sets an example of pettiness which is bad for any organization. Some old codger comes forward wiih the idea that most city folks at some time in their life lived in the country and carry with them a few sentimenta! notions about the cooking they used to enjoy out there. Which may account The Pantlind Hotel The center of Social and Business Activi- ties in Grand Rapids. Strictly modern and fire-proof. Dining, Cafeteria and Buffet Lunch Rooms in con- nection. 750 rooms — Rates $2.50 and up with bath. YOU ARE CORDIALLY invited to visit the Beauti- ful New Hotel at the old location made famous by Eighty Years of Hostelry Service in Grand Rapids. 400 Rooms—400 Baths Menus in English MORTON HOTEL ARTHUR A. FROST Manager Columbia Hotel KALAMAZOO Good Place To Tie To HOTEL CHIPPEWA HENRY M. NELSON, Manager European Plan MANISTEE. MICH. Up-to-date Hotel with all Modern Conveniences—Elevator, Etc. 150 Outside Rooms Dining Room Service Hot and Cold Running Water and Telephone in every Room. $1.50 and up 60 Rooms with Bath $2.50 and $3 “We are always mindful of our responsibility to the pub- lic and are in full apprecia- tion of the esteem its generous patronage implies.” HOTEL ROWE Grand Rapids, Michigan. ERNEST W. NEIR, Manager. Republican Hotel "MILWAUKEE, WIS. Rates $1.50 up—with bath $2 up Cafeteria, Cafe, Sandwich Shop in connection Park Place Hotel Traverse City Rates Reasonable—Service Superb —Location Admirable. R. D. McFADDEN, Mgr. HOTEL KERNS LARGEST HOTEL IN LANSING 300 Rooms With or Without Bath Popular Priced Cafeteria in Con- nection. Rates $1.56 up. E. S. RICHARDSON, Proprietor NEW BURDICK KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN In the Very Heart of the City Fireproof Construction The only Ali New Hotel in the city. Representing a $1,000,000 Investment. 250 Rooms—150 Rooms with Private ath European $1.50 and up per Day. RESTAURANT AND GRILL— Cafeteria, Quick Service, Popular Prices. Entire Seventh Floor Devoted to Especially Equipped Sample Rooms WALTER J. HODGES, Pres. and Gen. Mgr. HOTEL OLDS LANSING 300 Rooms 300 Baths Absolutely Fireproof oderate Rates GEORGE L. CROCKER, Manager. Occidental Hotel FIRE PROOF SCENTRALLY LOCATED Rates $2.00 and up EDWART R. SWETT, Mgr. Muskegon ele Michigan Le ~ei a a, ait eri caaaaamne Forty-seventh Anniversary for the success of some caterers who try to produce food with a rural color- ing. One restaurant man told me he is making a hit by serving scrambled eggs prepared in butter. And I know of another who uses butter exclusively in frying chicken. Of course a lot of us know that Mother always used but- ter with a prodigality which was as- tonishing, but after all, what are a few ounces of butter, mor or less, if you coincide with the demands of the palates of your guests. A legend which has found its way into print many times within the past dozen years has perhaps given the reading public of to-day a misconcep- tion of the real history of baths and bathing in America in the early days of the republic. Like all legends this is far from the truth. It makes out that baths had a hard struggle to win their way in popular favor and met with much official opposition, includ- ing the passage of an ordinance by the Boston Common ‘Council in 1854 mak- ing bathing unlawful except on medical advice; and the failure of passage, by only two votes, of an ordinance in an- other large city to about the same ef- fect. However it was not long after this that bathing became a craze. It seems a far cry from the old times with washtub baths in the kitchen on Saturday night, up to the time, before the war with “every room with bath for a dollar-and-a-half,” but within the lifetime of the individual who was born in the early sixties has come the run- ning water, steam heat, telephone, and now the radio. Years hence probably this will have a legendary twinge. Elevators will be no longer in use; the guest will enter and depart from his room in an airplane which will be con- cealed somewhere in his in-a-door bed. A recent issue of the Hotel Review contains photos of two well-known former Michigan’ hotel operators, Frank W. Bergmann, formerly man- ager of the Detroit Statler and now general manager of Hotel Shelton, New York, and Frank Duggan, also a former assistant manager of the De- troit Statler and now president and general manager of Hotel McAlpin, in the Empire metropolis. The Detroit Stewards Association, nay be said to have arrived. It is ac- credited to be one of the largest and most aggressive in the country. It is by no means a labor organization but has developed into an educational in- stitution of much importance, co- operating to the fullest extent with the various hotel and restaurant associa- mis. At a recent meeting Fred Fer- ison, its president, introduced W. H. fibbits, an authority on food merchan- dising, who gave them a talk which I would like te reproduce here. He spoke particularly of the canning in- dustry. Mr. Tibbits told of the dis- covery of the canning process for food preservation in 1810, after Napoleon, greatly concerned because he found it difficult to preserve meat for his armies, offered a prize of 12,000 francs to anyone who could find some way of overcoming the tremendous waste by meat spoilage. The prize was won by an Englishman. In 1885 the canning of evaporated milk began, but the sale of this product languished until the Spanish-American war, after which it increased yreatly in use and is to-day the largest selling canned product in the world, with canned tomatoes run- ning second. He explained the process of evaporating and condensing milk 7s making of milk sugar and traced the development of the salmon canning industry from its inception in 1864 to the present time. The canning of fruits and vegetables followed. At the present time 15,000,000 cases of peaches are being canned annually 10,500,000 cases of salmon; 3,000,000 of asparagus, 2,000,000 of pears and about an equal quantity of cherries. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN W. C. Davis, senior marketing expert of the U. S. Bureau of Animal Indus- try, spoke at length on the accuracy and importance of meat inspection which practically insures a perfect meat supply to users. Mr..and Mrs. Franklin C. Sears have announced plans for the con- struction of a 75 room hotel at ‘Charle- voix. The new building is to cost $100,000. For some time Mrs. Sears has been operating manager of Hotel Belvidere, at the resort city. William E. Snyder, manager of Ho- 1 Seward, Detroit, and newly elected president of Michigan Charter, No. 29, of the Greeters, has announced his list of standing committees: William F. Loos, manager of RovaJ Palm Hotel, is chairman of the reception committee with Ernest Junker, of the Scarab Club and Stanley Mast, of the Royal Palm to aid him. John J. Becker: office manager of the Detroit-Leland, heads the educational committee, with W. F. Flynn, of the Madison-Lenox Hotel, Detroit and Howard V. Helden- brand, manager of Hotel Heldenbrand, Pontiac, as colleagues. Other com- mittees are headed by Paul Kilborn, of the Detroit Statler, Norman Wright of the Book-Cadillac, H. L. Lawson, of the Hotel Review, while Preston D. Norton, of the Norton, will look after the activities of the employment committee. George W. Dauchy, the newly ap- pointed manager of the Warm Friend Tavern comes to Michigan with a record of accomplishment, having ibeen born in Nebraska and raised in Iowa, in which state he acquired his early hotel education, operating a_ hotel there. At the age of 21 he was man- ager of an important hotel in the Howkeye state. Except during the period of the kaiser’s war, when he was with the commissary and other Government departments in France, he has ‘been operating clubs and hotels of importance, and is well equipped with managerial experience. He will un- doubtedly add to his laurels at the Holland institution. The lunch room at Hotel Clintonian, Clinton, so successfully conducted for years by Mr. and Mrs. Bob Lawless, under the new management will be converted into a grill which will be operated in conjunction with the main dining room. P. J. Garvin, the new proprietor of Hotel Lincoln, Detroit, has appointed Isaac McDougall as night manager of that institution. The stock in the proposed hotel at Ishpeming. to be erected on the site of the old Nelson House, has been subscribed by 300 home-towners and work on the new structure will be started shortly. C. H. Ritchie, a Bos- ten architect, and Warren H. Man- ning, landscape architect for the Cleve- land-Cliffs Iron Co., which has big holdings near Ishpeming, are formu- lating the plans for the new hotel, which promises to rival any similar in- stitution in the Upper Peninsula. At a recent thotel pageant at Cleve- land I notice among those in costume attending the affair were Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Riley, formerly in the managerial department of Hotel Savoy (now La- Salle,) Detroit. Mr. Riley is manag- ing an important residential hotel at | Cleveland. Alvin Kletzsch, of the Kletzsch Operating Co., owners of Hotel Re- publican, Milwaukee, has been elected President of the Milwaukee Audi- torium. It is a big institution, but that is just in Mr. Kletzsch’s line, and without doubt the stockholders were well aware of the fact when they so honored him. Congratulations from the writer. When it is claimed that the repeal of the eighteenth amendment would im- mediately regenerate the human race and remove greed and avarice of the officials from thé picture, the state- ment is simply absurd. Of course the most serious phase of the whole liquor question is really graft and corruption of officials. It is, however, not so much that an official can be corrupted through the enforcement of prohibition as that he can be corrupted at all. Herein lies the gravity of the matter. If an official can ‘be corrupted because of liquor he can be as easily corrupted - when something else other than liquor can pay heavily for blindness. What- ever law we might have on our statute books would be regulatory and when- ever there is regulation there is tempta- tion to violate the law. If that is the case there is no real reason for adding the chaos which would follow the at- tempt to return to forty-eight legisla- tures the program of regulation. We might get back to where we were in the beginning, but we would still have to face the corruption, and from many more angles, so that, as bad as condi- tions are claimed to be now, we would add to our sum a large peck of trouble. Personally, while I may not favor Na- tional prohibition, I have claimed all along that the periodical agitation of the subject is not getting any results. Amendments to the constitution, unless they are accepted in good faith by the populace, amount to little, hence if the public will not have them there will be little enforcement. The anti- prohibitionists, with their wild claims of possibilities, simply stir up the animals, and breed resentment. It is contrary to law in the state of Mass- achusetts, for a man to kiss his wife on Sunday, but some authorities claim it is done, though minus the element of public notoriety. Frank ‘S. Verbeck. ——_--.___ Preparing For January Sales. Preparations are now beginning to go forward for January sales. Jobbers have already been covering their needs in various texti’e lines usually featured in these annual events. Retailers and buying groups are surveying the mar- ket and are making commitments in a wide range of merchandise. Generally speaking, the wholesale markets are quite free from surplus stocks. In some instances, notably in women’s coats, the indications are that special merchandise will:'be made up for the sales events. Replacement costs on a number of staple and semi-staple items will range lower. ——_+-+___ Restaurant Joke. The customer was busy sawing on the steak he had ordered—and a dif- ficult time he was having. “Is it tough? queried the waiter so- licitously. The customer was exhausted. He turned to the waiter with defeat in his eyes and said: “When I order beef and get horse, I don’t care. But next time, take the harness off before you start serving.” CODY HOTEL IN THE HEART OF THE CITY OF GRAND RAPIDS Division and Fulton RATES $1.50 up without bath $2.50 up with bath CODY CAFETERIA IN CONNECTION NEW Decorating and Management Bache FAMOUS Grand Circus Park. Oyster Bar. 800 Rooms - - - 800 Baths Rates from $2.50. HOTEL TULLER HAROLD A. SAGE, Mgr. Sani, Bion isanae : . Warm Friend Tavern Holland, Mich. Is truly a friend to all travelers. All room and meal rates very reasonable. Free private parking space. GEO. W. DAUCHY, Mgr. CHARLES RENNER HOTELS Four Flags Hotel, Niles, Mich., in the picturesque St. Joseph Valley. Rumely Hotel and Annex, La- Porte, Ind. Edgewater Club Hotel, St. Joseph, Mich., open from May to October. All of these hotels are conducted on the high standard established and always maintained by Mr. Renner. Hotel and Restaurant Equipment H. Leonard & Sons 38-44 Fulton St. W. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. HOTEL OJIBWAY The Gem of Hiawatha Land ARTHUR L. ROBERTS Deglman Hotel Co. Enjoy the delightful Govern- ment Park, the locks, the climate and drive. Sault Ste. Marie Michigan PEIN tale syeess sa a MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary DRUGS Michigan Board of Pharmacy. President—J. Edward Richardson, De- troit oo Hoxie, Grand Rap- s. Director—Garfield M. Benedict, San- dusky. Examination Sessions — Beginning the third Tuesday of January, March, June, August and November and lasting three days. The January and June examina- tions are held at Detroit, the August examination at Marquette, and the March and November examinations at Grand Rapids. Michigan State Pharmaceutical Association. President—John J. Watters, Saginaw. First Vice-President—Alexander Reid, Detroit. : Second Vice-President — F. H. Taft, Lansing. Secretary—R. A. Turrell, Croswell. Treasurer—P. W. Harding, Yale. Druggists and Chain Stores. The chain store has come to stay. It is incumbent upon the private in- dependent pharmacist to awaken to the fact that if he does not bestir himself he will be a back number. Many phar- macists have tackled the question seri- ously, and have shown that, so far as they are concerned, the additional cora- petition has not only done them no ‘harm, but has enabled them to build up a bigger business on a surer founda- tion. In any city or town, and even in some places little more than villages, the chain store has got a footing. The best positions in the principal streets are the ones he always gets. Anything less than the best is of no use to him. In many places the retail druggist is relegated to a back street or to an un- miportant position. Often he takes it “lying down’’—that is, he lets his drug store become dirty, untidy and forbid- ding; the windows are never dressed, but used as a receptacle for showcards, and he appears to accept the second or even third place. There are others, such as those previously referred to, who are determined to show that the backbone of pharmacy is still the in- dependent pharmacist arc that the chain store cannot crush him out of existence. The method of combating this particular form of competition is the method of the optimist. An opti- mist is one who finds an opportunity in every difficulty, while a pessimist is one who finds a difficulty in every op- portunity. The odds are with the in- dependent druggist every time if he will only exert himself. He has a greater opportunity to gain confidence and trust of his customers than an im- personal corporation. The bedrock on which business is built is confidence. The neighborhood druggist can give personal service; he can always be on the premises ready to deal with any emergency. Service, real and genuine, is one thing that makes one shop bet- ter than another. It is the reason why one drug store succeeds and another fails. Prices vary but little, and in any case they are soon forgotten; but service is remembered and is lasting. Another opportunity of making a score that the neighborhood druggist has is in his method of dealing with com- plaints. The customer who comes back to our pharmacy to complain is our best friend, always assuming it is a genuine complaint and not a fictitious one. The customer with a complaint thinks its worth while to come back to tell us of something wrong with the quality of our goods, our service or some other defect, rather than going elsewhere and saying, “I’ll never set foot in that shop again.” Let us welcome her or him and put right whatever is amiss. The finest advertisement for any pharmacy is a satisfied customer. Again, the independent druggist can buy just what he knows will sell in his own district, while the drug chain has to take, with some exceptions, the goods sent from headquarters. We ought not to stay in our back stores too much, but to try to serve, or at least to speak to, every customer personally. There is no suggestion that we should try to do all the work of the pharmacy; that is a mistake many pharmacists make. A man of this type will do his own books. when a clerk at a reasonable salary could relieve him of hours of work, which time might be more profitably spent. We should make a point of keeping in touch with our medical men, and letting them know we are alive and up to date. A new line brought before their notice will re- mind them of our existence. One other point of vital importance for the smali retailer is not to buy too lavishly for the sake of extra discounts. Generally speaking, it is not worth it. The goods are soiled or out of date before they are disposed of, and the reputation of having old stock is difficult to over- come, Money in the bank is much more valuable than stock on your selves. If it is in the bank, we can get an extra discount for ready cash, which is far more businesslike. There is a distinct place in the community for the neigh- borhood druggist, the man who has the confidence of his townsmen, whose word is as good as his bond, and whose advice will be taken when any pur- chases have to be made at a pharmacy. Personality is the acid test of any pharmacist and at the same time his greatest asset.—Practical Druggist. ee The Deadliest Enemy of a Soda Foun- tain. If you walked into my kitchen on one of those nights when I am keep- ing “open house” for my friends and saw Yashi, my Japanese majordomo, washing glasses and dishes in a basin of water filled with floating remnants of sandwiches and chicken livers, your stomach would turn sick. In those glasses, the most delectable drink would seem sour. On any proposition to stay and re- gale yourself until the milkman came, you'd grow cold and quickly fade from the picture. In your store, as in my house, hu- man nature is the same. Men everywhere recoil from filth. The world demands cleanliness. What folks put to their mouth they want free of defilement. Lip smears on unclean utensils are anathema to all classes, regardless of present or previous coadition of servi- tude. Streptococci in no form have friends anywhere, Unclean service is the deadliest ene- my a soda fountain has. It drives business away from any store which tolerates it. I ticid Hi-Grade nsecticides : G teed Quality uarantee ; Non- Sanitary Poisonous TANGLEFOOT FLY PAPER Features New Colorful Display Carton Matchless Quality TANGLEFOOT FLY SPRAY Features Low Prices \ THe Tancteroor Co.\ * S mice US " GRAND RAPH Superior Quality ih mamas acres oF H YANGLEFOOT iv Parca TANGLEFOOT F.iv 26608 T ROACH ZANT POWDER BI & YANGLEFOOY . EEE ESS Attractive Packages Sri TANGLEFOOT FLY RIBBONS Feature Improved Stick Display Carton Color and Design THE TANGLEFOOT COMPANY GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN a 2? It hurts store prestige. globe was the symbol which young and WHOLESALE DRUG PRICE CURRENT It creates an impression of laxity, old, rich and poor, the ignorant and carelessness, and indifference in stere the learned could understand. Day and : 2 : Prices quoted are nominal, based on market the day of issue. management. night the show globe flashed forth the - q Ca as Sues Bod - ca r Re . ee NZ Comp’ It persuades to a belief that similar message: ‘Here is a drug store.’ Why oe oo 1 @ 20 Cabens oe 5 00@5 25 na — 3 16 laxity and indifference prevail in other not put the show globe back in the QBoric (Xtal) _.10 @ 20 poe Le 4 wes = Caneciaes oe oe - store departments, including the pre- drug store window? The job will be See oC pS g a Hemlock, pure_. 2 00@2 25 Catechu ---.-___ @1 44 scription department s ny stores have the globe Muriatic aes 3%@ 8 Juniper Berries. 4 50@4 75 Cinchona --_-___- @2 16 = aeP nuh oaetr oe eaey ; oe oh th eae 9°@ 15 Juniper Wood -150@1 75 Colchicum -_-___ @1 80 It destroys confidence. stored away in their cellars or attics. Oxalic ___.-____ 15 @ 25 peed. ore —— ; mae : Seat is --------- = - : : : : fs Se rd, No. 1 __-_ 1 25@1 40 Digitalis -..____ When public confidence in a store is Put them where they belong, and at co ------ aa be Lavender Flow. 6 00@6 25 Gentian eu @1 35 : 2 : ; - : : Sen aha ele hat vender Gar'’n_ 1 25@1 50 Wage oo 28 destroyed, its foundation is built on one stroke proclaim to the world what io. ll 00@4 25 Guaiac, “A ae eas sand, the store stands for. Since the show Ammonia Linseed. boiled, bbl. @ 85 Le a ¢ 25 < : ‘ ee gece : s 2 odine, ES Fountain cleanliness is indispensable globe disappeared from the drug store ee = Pela a $ z Linseed. ‘pid, ies 92001 03 Tron, °. none @1 86 to fountain prosperity. : window, new dyes have been discov- Water, 14 deg... 5%@ 13 finseed. ab er seat . a o----------- = “ Fountain prosperity means store ered. We have learned new ways of ae ancy a @ ' Neatsfoot oes 1 25@1 35 Nux Vomica __ @1 80 prosperity. lighting. With the show globe we can Olive, pea —_* Opium, Camp. __ ot a Unclean fountain service is like a throw a flood of colored light far into Balsams BB csegee ee 2 50@3 00 Guin Deddonta @s “ iri : thea 1 00@1 25 ive, Malaca, §§.—«—-«—_. Fehubarb -_______ prairie fire. the street and cause the passing throng oe a a 3 os “ ons 85@3 25 Its sordid reputation spreads. to stop and think. An old yet new, a = (Oregon) -- or a Orange, Sweet 6 00@6 25 Paints : ‘ : . ‘ eru __-_> pee riganum, ES _ A reputation for clean fountain serv- cheap and startling form of advertising oj _7-77-TT==a SSS Ogee st ee Pa et 124 @ 14% ice spreads too, for our drug store.” Papeete ae i bees = Lead, white oil 13%@14% Folks walk past many doors to reach As business men, are retail druggists _ 25@ 30 Rose. Pure -_-. 13 50@14 00 Gene Sain "ea 30 :" such a store——Joseph McQuade in aware of the fact that Big Business to- — Sa 40@ 60 oe 1 25@1 50 aed Venet'n Am. 34%@ 7 Drug Topics. day spends millions annually for plac- oo en Sy @ 50 L 18 ett Putty co is ; a eee ing its trade-marks before the masses? S60 20@ 30 a pon 2 pio = Whitin: bbl. ___ wee 4% Restore the Old Show Globe. Why do they do it? Yet we as phar- Spearmint ______ 6 00@6 25 Rogers Prep. _. 3 65@2 85 Of late months President Christen- : Berries perm -------__. 1 50@1 75 : 3 macists take our trademark and heave See eu Ee 7 00@7 25 Macdilicnaves sen of the American Pharmaceutical jt to some corner in the basement, Is Hie cs @ 25 er ae wo a Acetanalid 57@ 75 Seneiati ; : . : : e, Sc) Ge BS epee an, Cee Association and officers of various this good business judgment? He ea ao “e a Turpentine, less 60@ 73 pone Torn amnn nn 6@ 12 ae oo ee ee Ae Winte wee powd. and state pharmaceutical associations have ———_—_-e + + oe 6 cage = ground ____ 09@ 15 made strong pleas for the return of the Blonde or Brunette. Extracts Winteraden, sweet @6 25 het. a colored show globe, which, in former Ladies will be especially interested binaice ee a c a woe a : -- 3 vo@s % Boag oak 00@2 40 3 ce : : i : wd. —- intergreen, years, was the means of identifying in the news from the convention of the ee ee Worm toa € age = Ghatearie GG a, u the drug store in the public’s mind and American Chemical Society in Cincin- Blowers Wormwood, oz. -_ @1 00 ao ea 2 72@2 82 . . ° i. 1 . to set it apart ftom the ordinary run nati that Dr. C. G. MacArthur of the Arnica ---------- = . iit Carmine "og 0099 i ; e . . : ss or of retail establishments. As a matter of University of Buffalo has discovered Chamomile Ged.) 30@ : ps Cassia Buds -... 30@ 40 i : : ‘ Chamomile Rom. @125 Bicarbonate _____ 33@ 49 Cloves —________- 40@ 50 fact, he stated his feelings in no un- the secret of dark and light complex- Bichromate 25 Ghalk Prepared 14@ 16 certain terms when he said at the A. ions. It is thought that pigmentation Gums Beeuice ey _ me a Choral Hydrate 1 3001 50 Ph. A. convention that modern phar- may be changed by chemical action. Acacia, 1st _----- @ 60 Chlorate, gran’d_ 21@ 23 Cocaine ______ 12 85@13 50 : : : : : : Acacia, 2nd ----- @ 50 Chlorate, powd 16@ 23 Cocoa Butter ___ 60@ 96 macists made their biggest mistake Here is an opportunity for a new Acacia, Sorts __._ 35@ 40 or Xtal ______ 17@ 24 Corks, list, less 30710 to when they removed the colored show branch of beauty doctoring. The pig- ave Gack bow) sa@. ts oo, 3404 2 «Copperas ________ idee globes from their windows. mentation, which is the coloring, Dr. pee cane a) ae o Permanganate _ 22%@ 35 Copperas, Powd. 49 10 : : es (Soc. Pow.) 7 3 ssiat ; Sorrosi Many pharmacy leaders agree with MacArthur found to be a secretion Ae iaetian On 50@ 60 Peis oe 2 = Geom: Fae a - Mr. Christensen, as the discucssions at from the pituitary gland, which lies . Sulphate -_______ 35@ 40 pee le a --- 40@ 50 the different state pharmaceutical asso- between the roof of the mouth and the Dover's Powder 4 0004 50 ciation conventions verify. base of the brain. So, we may soon : @1 25 Roots Dae Rae 10@ a The president of the California Phar- have complexion pigment chemists for _ powdered__ @ a Bion sandeas ao = pate Salts, bbls, | 03% . . . . . . . . las SF Sew ae ee ae et eee - —_ 2. f maceutical Association in his address ladies who wish to have either fairer Myrrh, powdered @1 25 Calamus -_______ 25@ 85 Ergot, pode ong. po a a Bio ote Opium, powd. 21 00@21 50 Hlecampane, pwd. 20@ 30 Flake, White __ 15 very truly pointed out that: “The show or darker skin. Opium, gran. 21 00@21 50 Gentian, powd. _ 20@ 30 Formaldehyde, ib ae = Shellac, Orange 50@ 65 Ginger, African, Gelatine _______” 30@ 90 Shellac, White 55@ 70 Powdered -_____ 30@ 35 Glassware, less 55% Te. or aos & Ginger. jamatea.. 40@ 50 aaa full case 60%. ragacan peas inger, Jamaica, auber Salis, : Turpentine ______ @ 30 powdered __. 45@ 60 Glauber Saree ne uns DISTRIBUTORS OF THE WESTERN LINE Goldenseal, pow. 5 0005 50 Glue, Brown" 42 20 Insecticides eee powd. -. 5 50@6 00 a Brown Grd 16@ 22 licorice: 2 35@ 40 (Glue, White -_._ 27%@ 365 Dr. West’s Tooth Brushes foncnie os@ 20 bicorice, “powd.- 20@ 39 Glue, white gra. gq ae Blue Vitriol, bbL @ 07 poke’ Pepin age 4 50 Ghvcarine cece 17%@ 40 Blue Vitriol, less 08@ 15 so oare @ 40 ODS ----------- 7%@ 95 9 es 2 ee Rhubarb, powd. _. @100 J0dine -.______ 6 45 Dr. West $s Kiddie Sets as ied 124%@ 23 Rosinwood, ae oo lodoforni on ‘ aan 99 BA 15: 25 rsaparilla, Hond. ead Acetate _. 20@ 30 Hank-O-Chief Inbect Powder i7@ 60, fTound ———--... oi ae -. oe Lead Arsenate, Po. 13%4@27 Sarsaparilla, Mexic. @ 60 yyoce,boWdered—__ 1 60 ae ee eee 09@ 23 Sauille ‘powdered 700 A Morphine ees “is ssqna 33 . a ae S, powdere 0 80 oo Gainsborough Powder Puffs parla Green 264@46% Tumeric, powd... 2o@ 2 Nux Vomica- @ 30 erian, powd. _. @ 60 P . Dow. ° ° epper, black, pw. 45@ 56 Gainsborough Hair Nets Leaves “. Bopper, White m 15@ 85 ee , - . veh a . ° antes ‘ @ 3 aa oe 12@ 15 uchu, powdered @ (to #NIS€ -~------~--~ ulnine, 5 oz. West Ss Hand Brushes foe eke 23@ 30 Anise, powdered 35@ 40 Rochelle Salts 3% 7 Sage, % loose _ @ 40 Bird, 1s ________ 13@ 17 Saccharine ____" 2 60@2 75 Sage, powdered__ @ 35 Canary -_________ 12@ 18 Salt Peter ______ 11@ 32 oe (ER a a ee w. 30@ 35 Cardamon -______ ; We stock every deal they put out and carry Senna; Zinn. pow. s0@ 3s Cardamon ———---,3 $0@2 1s Soap, green 16@ 30 2 -- 15@ 20 Soan. le Ni Al leased oi eit Ee Sauce open stock of all items. ways pleased to . Hlax cua. 38 18 Soap, white Castile : ; na = . Alsonds. Biter | nai 15 Eocmuareek, pwd. 15@ 25 Seda Ash." a" ts receive your order. ana Ben PEPE oad” 18, Sots Blawtonateg@ 10 artificial .._--- 3 00@3 25 Mustard, yellow 17@ 25 Snkeita Guisnkar se be Almonds, Sweet, 1 50@1 80 Musard, black__. 20@ 25 Sulphur, roll 4@ 11 Aa oe Popny ----------- 15@_ 30 Sulphur, Subl. __ 4%@ 10 oe feuaation 1 00@1 25 Quince 2202 2 25@2 50 Tamarinds _____ - 2@ 2% Amber crude. 75@100 S@badilla ---_-___ 45@ 50 Tartar Emetic _ 70@ 75 rr, crude —— Sunflower _______ 12@ 18 Tur i Amber, rectified 150@1 75 YW, bentine, Ven. 50@ 175 atin ° 2 00@2 Worm, American 30@ 40 Vanilla Ex. pure 1 50@2 00 Bergamont 6 Worm, Lavant - 6 50@7 00 4 ae pure 2 25@2 60 e ° Cajeput 2 ne Sulphate _. 0€@ 11 Hazeltine & Perkins Drug Co. Cassia, ——2---n 3 Tinctures ie A 7: 3 Cedar Leaf ____. 2 00@2 25 Aconite __________ @1 80 Websterettes _______ Grand Rapids Michigan Manistee a. 100@1 20 Aloes ___- ° ge Gaal a Cloves = 3 50@3 75 Asafoetida -____- @2 28 Webster Cadillacs __ 75 00 Cocoanut -----. 27%@ 35 Arnica —__________ @150 Golden Wedding Cod Liver ------ 1 40@2 00 Belladonna -__._ @1 44 Panatellas ________ 76 00 Croton —._._... 00@S 25 Benzoin -----.._. @2 28 Commodore -..______ 95 00 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN GROCERY PRICE CURRENT These quotations are carefully corrected weekly, within six hours of mailing and are intended to be correct at time of going to press. Prices, however, are liable to change at any time, and merchants will have their orders filled at mar- ket prices at date of purchase. For price changes compare with previous issues z= =e ADVANCED DECLINED Some Cheese AMMONIA Kaffe Hag, 12 1-lb. Strawberries : cane 2 10 NO. oe 25 All Bran, 16 oz. _____ Zo. NO A - 3 00 All Bran, 10 oz, ~--_-_ 270 Marcellus, No. 2 _____ 3 25 All Bran, % oz. -_-__ 2 00 Pride of Mich. No. 2__ 3 75 6 5 per doz. 9 40 15 Ib, pails, per doz. 12 60 25 Ib. pails, per doz. 19 15 25 lb. pails, per doz. 19 15 10 Ib. pails, APPLE BUTTER Quaker, 24-21 oz., doz. 2 10 Quaker, 12-38 0z., doz. 2 35 BAKING POWDERS Arctic, 7 oz. tumbler 1 35 Royal, 10c, doz. ------ 95 Royal, 4 oz, doz. ---- 1 85 Royal, 6 oz., doz. ---- 2 50 Royal, r oz., doz. -- 4 95 Royal, ib 40 et, 4 oz., doz. 95 Calumet, 8 0z., doz. 1 sf Calumet, 16 oz., doz. 3 2 Calumet, 5 lb., doz. 12 10 Calumet, 10 lb., doz. 18 60 Rumford, 10c, per doz. 96 Rumford, 8 oz., doz. 1 86 Rum/Zord, 12 oz.. doz. 2 40 Rumford, 5 ib.. doz. 12 50 K. C. Brand er case 10c size, 4 doz. -----. 3 70 15e size, 4 doz. —.---- 60 20c size, 4 doz. ------ 7 20 25e size. 4 doz. ------ 5 20 50c size, : —_ Bae 80c size, 1 doz. ------ 85 10 Ib. ae oo dos. —__.- § %5 BLEACHER CLEANSER Clorox, 16 oz., 24s -- 3 86 Lizzie, 16 oz., 129 ---- 2 15 BLUING Am. Ball,36-10z.,cart. 1 00 Quaker, 1% oz.. Non- freeze, dozen Boy Blue, 36s, per cs. Perfumed Bluing Lizette, 4 oz., 128 -- Lisette, 4 oz., 248 -- 1 Lizette, 10 oz., 12s -- 1 Lizette, 10 oz., 248 -. 2 BEANS and co Pinto Beans Red Kdney Beans White H’d P. Beans 6 25 Col. Lima Beans ---- 11 00 Black Eye Beans -- 16 00 Split Peas, Yellow -- 6 75 Split Peas, Green ---- 7 00 Scotch Peas --------- 5 50 BURNERS Queen Ann, No. 1 and 2, doz White ‘Flame, and 2, doz. BOTTLE CAPS Dbl. Lacguor, 1 gross pkg., per gross 16 BREAKFAST FOODS Kellogg’s Brands. Corn Flakes, No. 136 2 85 Corn Flakes. No. 124 2 85 Pep. No. 224 ___----- 2 70 Pep, No. 202 ._---.-- 2 00 Krumbles, No. 424 __. 2 70 __Bran Flakes, No. 624 2 45 Bran Flakes. No. 602 1 50 Rice Krispies. 6 oz. -_ 2 70 ‘Rice Krispies, 1 oz. -- 1 10 ROLLED OATS Purity Brand Instant Flake, sm., 48s 3 70 Instant Flake, lge., 18s 3 50 Regular Flake, sm., 48s 3 70 Regular Flake, lg., 18s 3 50 China Instant Flake, large, 12s China Regular Flake, large. 12s Chest-O-Silver Instant Flake, large, 12s __ 3 35 Chest-O-Silver Regular Flakes, large 12s -_ 3 35 Post Brands. Grape-Nuts, 248 ~----_ 3 80 Grape-Nuts, 100s -__. 2 75 Instant Postum, No. 8 5 40 Instant Postum, No. 10 4 50 Postum Cereal, No. 0 2 25 Post Toasties. 368 -. 2 85 Post Toasties, 248 -. 2 85 Post’s Bran, 24s -..- 2 70 BROOMS Jewell, doz. -------... 5 25 Standard Parlor, 23 Ib. 8 25 Fancy Parlor, 23 lb... 9 25 fx. Fancy Parlor 25 lb. 9 75 oa Fey. Parlor 26 Ib. 10 4 Whisk, No.3. 2 75 BRUSHES Scrub Solid Back, 8 in. --.. 1 50 Solid Back, 1 in. ---. 1 75 Pointed Ends -------- 1 25 Stove ee Shaker 2. Na: 60) 2 00 Peerlsss -. 2 60 Shoe No. 4-0... 2 No. 2-0 ----------.--- 3 00 BUTTER COLOR Dandelion -.---------- 2 85 CANDLES Electric Light, 40 Ibs. 12.1 Plumber, 40 Ibs. ----- 12.8 Paraffine, 6s ~.---.--- 14% Paraffine, 12s -.----- 14% Wiking 40 Tudor, 6s. per box -. 30 CANNED FRUITS Hart Brand Applies No. 16 2 5 75 Biackberries No. 2... 75 Pride of Michigan -_-- 3 25 Cherries Mich. red, No. 10 ~---11 75 Red, No. 10 - 25 Red, No. 2 15 Pride of Mich. No. 2_. s 55 Marcellus Red ------ 10 Special Fie = 60 Whole White ---_----- 3 10 Gooseberries No. 40. & 00 Pears 13 of. flags .... 5 65 Pride of Mich. No. 2% 4 20 Plums Grand Duke, No. 2%. 3 25 Yellow Eggs No. 2%-- 3 25 Black Raspberries SEA ee 3 75 Pride of Mich. No. 2_. 3 25 Pride of Mich. No. 1_. 2 35 Red Raspberries | 3 Pride of Mich, No. 2_. ; a CANNED FISH Clam Ch’der, 10% oz. 1 Clam Chowder, No. 2. 2 Clams, Steamed. No. 1 3 Clams, Minced, No. 2 Finnan Haddie, 10 oz. 3 Clam Bouillon, 7 oz.. 2 Chicken Haddie, No. 1 2 75 Fish Flakes, small __ 1 Cod Fish Cake, 10 oz. 1 Cove Oysers, 5 oz. __ 1 Lobster, No. %, Star 2 Shrimp, 1, wet —_____ 2 Sard’s, 4% Oil, Key __ 6 Sard’s, 4 Oil, Key —_ 5 00 Sardines, % Oil, k’less 4 75 Salmon, Red Alaska_. 3 76 Salmon, Med. Alaska Salmon, Pink, Alaska 1 Sardines, Im. \%, ea. 10@zz2 Sardines, Im., \%, ea. 25 Sardines, Cal. 1 35@2 25 Tuna, %, Curtis, doz. 3 60 Tuna, 4s, Curtis, doz. Tuna, % Blue Fin __ Tuna. 1s, Curtis. doz. CANNED MEAT Bacon, Med. Beechnut Bacon, Lge. Beechnut Beef. No 1, Corned __ Beef No. 1, Roast __ Beef, 2 oz., Qua., sli. Beef, 3% oz. Qua. sli. Beef, 5 oz., Am. Sliced Beef, No. i, B'nut, sli. Beefsteak & Onions, s Chili Con Car., 1g ___ Deviled Ham, %s ___. Deviled Ham, %s ____ Hamburg Steak & Onions, No. 1 ______ Potted Beef, 4 oz. ____ Potted Meat, % Libby 52 Potted Meat, % Libby 90 Potted Meat, % Qua. 8 Potted Ham, Gen. % 1 46 Vienna Saus. No. % 1 35 Vienna Sausage, Qua. 90 eo Sp COM COI Oro on Veal Loaf, Medium __ 2 25 Baked Beans Campbells __-........ 1 05 Quaker, 16 oz. _... 88 Fremont, No. 2 -..... 1 26 Snider, No. 1 ~...___ 1 10 Snider, No. 2 ~-_-.___ 1 25 Van Camp. small _... 90 Van Camp, med. ____ 1 45 CANNED VEGETABLES Hart Brand Baked Beans Medium, Plain or Sau. 85 No. 10, Sauce —_._____ 5 60 Lima Beans Little Dot, No. 2 -_. 3 10 Little Quaker, No. 10.14 00 Little Quaker, No. 1__ 1 95 Baby, No. 2 2 2 80 maby, No. 4 1 95 Pride of Mich. No. 1_. 1 65 Marcellus, No. 10 ____ 8 76 — Kidney Beans NO 30 a —-- 6 50 PO Ba 3 70 INO a 1 30 IO 8 90 String Beans Little Dot, No. 2 ____ 3 30 Little Dot. No. 1 ____ 2 50 Little Quaker, No. 1__ 2 00 Little Quaker, No. 2__ 2 90 Choice Whole, No. 10_12 75 Choice Whole, No. 2__ . 50 Choice Whole, No. 1__ 1 80 Cul, Noe. 1) 22 “10 50 Cut, NOs 2 os tee 2 10 Cut No. 2 2 3 1 60 Pride of Mich. No. 2__ 1 75 Marcellus, No. 2 ____ 1 50 Marcellus, No. 10 ____ 8 25 Wax Beans Litlet Dot, No. 2 ____ 275 — Little Dot, No. 1 ____ 2 00 Little Quaker, No. 2__ 2 65 Little Quaker, No. 11 90 Choice Whole, No. 10_12 50 Choice Whole, No. 2_. 2 50 Choice Whol, No. 1__ 1 75 Cut: No. 10 10 50 ath a ee 215 Cit. No. 1 -- 1 45 Pride of Michigan -. 1 75 Marcellus Cut, No. 10_ 8 25 Beets Small, No. 2% - _--- 3 00 Etxra Small, No. 2 __ 3 00 Fancy Small No. 2 -. 2 50 Pride of Michigan -. 2 25 Marcellus Cut, No. 10. 6 75 Marcel. Whole, No. 2% 1 85 Carrots Diced, No. 2 -_.---- _. 1.40 Diced, No. 10 __------ 7 00 Corn Golden Ban., No. 3_. 3 60 Golden Ban., No. 2_. 2 00 Golden Ban., No. 10-10 75 Little Dot, No. Little Quaker, Little Quaker, Country, Gen., No. 1_. Country Gen. No. 2__ 1 . 1 No. 1.1 1 2 5 Pride of Mich., No. 2_ 1 70 1 4 1 1 1 1 Pride of Mich., No. 5. 5 20 Pride of Mich., No. 1. 1 35 Marcellus, No. 5 -.-. 4 30 Marcellus, No. : aman 2 40 Marcellus, No. Fancy Crosby, No. 2 Fancy Crosby, No. 1... 1 45 Peas Little Dot, No. 2 ____ 2 60 Little Dot, No. 1 ____ 1 30 Little Quaker, No. 10 12 00 Little Quaker, No. 2__ 2 40 Little Quaker, No. 1_. 1 65 Sifted E. June, No. 10_10 00 Sifted E. June, No. 5. 5 76 Sifted E. June, No. 2__ 1 90 Sifted E. June, No. Belle of Hart, No. 2_. 1 90 Pride of Mich., No. 10_ 9 10 Pride of Mich., No. 2__ 1 75 Gilman E. June, No. 2 1 40 Marcel., E. June, No. 2 1 40 Marcel., E. June, No. 5 4 50 Marcel., E. Ju., No. 10 7 50 Templar E. J., No. 21 32% Templar E. Ju., No. 10 7 00 Pumpkin No. 30 5 50 Mo; 255 2 1 80 iD. 1 45 Marcellus, No. 10 -... 4 50 Marcellus, No. 2% -.. 1 40 Marcellus No. 2 __-._ 1 15 Sauerkraut OND 20 00 NO. BM 1 60 MO. Bo 1 25 Spinach ND: OMe oo 2 50 No. 2 -----------.---- 1 90 Squash Boston, No. 3 _...____ 1 80 Succetash Golden Bantum, No. 2 2 75 Little Dot, No. 2 -... 2 55 Little Quaker —_...__ 2 40 Pride of Michigan ___. 2 15 Tomatoes No; 30) 25 ND. 26 2 2 25 NG ea 1 65 Pride of Mich., No. 2% 2 25 Pride of Mich., No. 2__ 1 50 CATSUP., Beech-Nut, small ____ 1 60 Beech-Nut, large ____ 2 40 Lily of Valley, 14 oz.__ 2 26 Lily of Valley, % pint 1 65 Sniders, 8 oz. .____.__ 1 55 Sniders, 16 oz. ______ 2 36 Quaker, 10 oz. ______ 1 35 Quaker, 14 oz. ______ 1 80 Quaker, Gallon Glass 12 00 Quaker, Gallon Tin __ 7 25 CHILI SAUCE Snider, 16 oz. Snider, 8 oz. Lilly Valley, 8 oz. __ 2 25 Lilly Valley, 14 oz. __ 3 25 OYSTER COCKTAIL 3 Sniders, 16 oz. _.____ 15 Sniders, 8 oz. -_-___ 2 20 CHEESE Roanefort 22 62 Wisconsin Daisy ______ 21 Wisconsin Flat _.______ 2) New York June __.____ 32 Ban Sapo 22 40 NC a ey ae Michiran Flats... 21 Michigan Daisies ______ 21 Wisconsin Longhorn __ 21 Imported Leyden ______ 28 1 lb. Limburger ________ 26 Imported Swiss -______ 56 Kraft Pimento Loaf __ 29 Kraft American Loaf __ 27 Kraft Brick Loaf ______ 27 Kraft Swiss Loaf ______ 35 Kraft Old Eng. Loaf__ 44 Kraft, Pimento, % Ib. 1 90 Kraft, American, % Ib. 1.90 Kraft, Brick, % lb. __ 1,90 Kraft Limburger, % Ib. 1 90 Kraft Swiss, % Ib. -. 2.00 CHEWING GUM Adams Black Jack --.. 65 Adams Bloodberry ---. - Beeman’s Pepsin -.---. Beechnut Wintergreen. Beechnut Peppermint-- Beechnut Spearmint --. Doublemint Peppermint, Wrigleys -. 65 Spearmint, Wrigleys --. 65 suicy Fruit 2 65 ss Poe 65 CR 65 AORUOrry 65 COCOA Droste’s Dutch, 1 - - 8 50 Droste’s Dutch, % Ib. 4 30 Droste’s Dutch, % ; Droste’s Dutch, 5 Ib. 60 Chocolate Apples aos oe oD Pastelles, No. 1 __.. 12 60 Pastelles, % lb. ------ 6 60 Pains De Cafe ---_-_- 3 00 Droste’s Bars, 1 doz. 2 00 Delft Pastelles __.._. 15 1 lb. Rose Tin Bon Bons 22 18 00 7 0Z. ‘Ros Tin Bon Bons 3 00 ns 13 oz. Creme De Cara- He ee 13 20 12 oz. Rosaces -.--.-- 10 80 % lb. Rosaces -.....-. 7 80 ¥%, Ib. Pastelles —_---- 3 40 Langnes De Chats -. 4 80 CHOCOLATE Baker, Caracas, %s -.-- 37 Baker, Caracas, 4s —... 35 SLOTHES LINE Femp, 50 ft. _-. 2 00@2 25 Twisted Cotton, BO ff, 2 50@4 00 Braided, bO fe. 25 sagn Cord ....:— 2 50@2 75 COFFEE ROASTED Blodgett-Beckley Co. Old Master 0 40 Lee & Cady 1 Ib. Package Meirese 2.2 29 inberty {oo Ae UICC e 31 Nedrow =o 30 Morton House -___-_ 88 ene ye 28 Wserias fs 2 Majestic 2. Boston Breakf’t Blend on% McLaughlin’s Kept-Fresh M. Y., per 100 ___.__ Frank’ s ar) pkgs. _. 4 25 Hummel’s 50 1 Ib. 106% CONDENSED MILK 7 Leader, 4 doz. —.-.__ 00 Fagie, 4 doe. 2222... 9 00 MILK COMPOUND Hebe, Tall, 4 doz. -.. 4 50 Hebe. Baby, 8 doz. -_ 4 40 Carolene. Tall, 4 doz. 3 80 Carolene, Raby -_-_-- 3 50 EVAPORATED MILK ape, Paro 10 Page, Baby —2.2 2... 00 Quaker, Tall, 4 doz.__ 3 75 Quaker, Baby, 2 doz. 3 65 Quaker, Gallon, % doz. Carnation, Tall, 4 doz. Carnation, Baby, 8 dz. Oatman’s Dundee, Tall Oatman’s D’dee, Baby Every Day, Tall Every Day, Baby --.. OB phe ee he ee 0 09 00 He iJ o Forty-seventh Anniversary Pet; Tat. 4 20 Pet, Baby, 8 oz. 410 Borden’s Tall __ - 4 20 Borden’s Baby --._..- 410 CIGARS Alredale: — 200 35 00 Havana Sweets -___ 35:00 Hemeter Champion --38 50 Canadian Club —______ 3d vu Robert Emmett -.-_ 75 00 Tom Moore Monarch 75 00 Webster Cadillac __.. 75 vv Webster Astor Foil. 75 00 Webster Knickbocker 95 0( Webster Albany Foil 95 00 Bering Apollos ____. 95 00 Bering Palmitas __ 115 00 Bering Diplomatica 115 00 Bering Delioses ..__ 120 00 Bering Favorita .._ Bering Albas CONFECTIONERY Stick Candy Pails Pure Sugar Sticks-600c 4 0C Big Stick, 20 lb. case 18 Horehound Stick, 6c _. 18 Mixed Candy Kindergarten —..._...__ DsORQBE oe i3 French Creams -..-..-_ 15 Paris Creams -__.-..... 16 Grocers: oo 11 Fancy Mixture 2... 17 Fancy Chocolates 5 lb. boxes Bittersweets, Ass’ted 1 75 Milk Chocolate A A l % Nibble Sticks -.__.._ Chocolate Nut Rolls — Magnolia Choc Bon Ton Choc. Pe 16 Champion Gums -..... 16 Challenge Gums -.__._ 14 Jelly Strings -...__. 18 Lozenges “Pails A. A. Pep. Lozenges -. 15 A. A. Pink Lozenges -. 15 A. A. Choe. Lozenges... rs Motto Hearts --......__ 1 Malted Milk Lozenges .. 21 Hard Goods Pails Lemon Drops -.-.-..... 19 O, F. Horehound dps.__ 18 Anise Squares -.....__ 18 Peanut Squares ....... 17 Cough Drops Bxs Putnam's eae SoD Smith Prog 22 1 45 Pidet sn ooo 1 45 Package Goods Creamery Marshmallows 4 oz. pkg., 12s, Gart. 85 4 oz. pkg., 488, case 3 4¢ Specialties Pineapple Fudge ____ _ 18 Italian Bon Bons --____ 17 Banquet Cream Mints. 23 Silver King M.Maliows 1 15 Handy Packages, 12-10c 80 - COUPON BOOKS 50 Economic 100 Economic 500 Hconomic 1000 Economic grade 37 50 Where 1,000 books are ordered at a time, special- ly printed front cover is furnished without charge. CREAM OF TARTAR 6 ib. Doxem oo ‘unas o0 DRIED FRUITS Apples N. Y. Fey., 50 lb. box 16% grade 20 00 N. Y. Fey., 14 oz. pkg. 16 Apricots Evaporated, Choice ____ 16 Evaporated, Fancy ---. 20 Evaporated, Slabs _.__. Citron 10 1D. Oe 36 Currants Packages, 14 oz. ~----- i7 Greek, Bulk, Ib. ~----_ 16% Dates Dromedary, 36s ___-__ 6 76 Peaches Pyvap, Choice it Paney oo 13 Peel Lemon, American ______ 28 Orange, American _____ 28 Raisins Seeded. bulk ________ OR Thompson’s s’dless Blk 07 Thompson's seedless, 15 oz. California Prunes 90@100, 25 Ib. boxes__@05%4 80@90, 25 lb. boxes__@06 70@80, 25 lb. boxes__.@07 f0@70. 25 lb. boxes__@07% 50@60, 25 1b. boxes__@AR% 40@50, 25 Ib. 30@40, 25 Ib. 20@30, 25 lb. 18@24, 25 lb. boxes__@10 boxes... @15 boxes..@16% ste boxes__@09% - a ote = P. Pr ert [J owt Omo wittte D> Toon "OOo m Husa N'ZQ ZA OoC2 ary ee ae ee pat pt R Lb i 16 26 . 20 36 Dz 7 ' oe > 4 Forty-seventh Anniversary Hominy : » @ + Pearl, 100 lb. sacks __ 3 5¢ © : Macaroni Mueller’s . Brands 9 oz. package, per doz. 1 30 , § oz. package, per case 2 6f Bulk Goods Eibow, 20 Ib. =.= 6% @8 Egg Noodle, 10 Ibs. __ 14 Pearl Barley OOO ee ee 00 Barley Grits —__-.. 5 00 Chester —20 2 3 75 Sage : Mast Indigo 10 Tapioca Pearl. 100 lb. sacks __ 09 Minute, 8 oz., 5 doz. 4 05 Dromedary Instant __ 3 50 Jiffy Punch 3 doz. Carton ________ 2 25 Assorted flavors. FLOUR Vv. C. Milling Co. Brands ialy White 220000. Harvest Queen ________ Yes Ma’am Graham, BGs 2 20 Lee & Cady Brands American Eagle ___- Home Baker ___.___. FRUIT CANS Mason F. O. B. Grand Rapids Be pine 2 7 50 One pint oo Ct One Guart ... lo 9 10 Half gation ..... 12 15 e Ideal Glass Top malt pinto ve One pint __ 9 50 ne gaarh Ahi tS Flalf gation _-2. 15 40 GELATINE Jell-O, 3 doz. ..... 2 85 Minute, 3 doz. —____. 4 05 Plymouth, White ____ 1 55 Quaker, 3 doz. ... 2 25 SURESET PRODUCTS Made in Grand Rapids Sureset Gelatin Des- Mert, £ doz. 2 3 20 JELLY AND PRESERVES Pure, 30 lb. pails -_.. 3 30 Imitation, 30 Ib. pails 1 85 Pure, 6 oz., Asst., doz. 90 Pure Pres., 16 oz., dz. 2 40 JELLY GLASSES 8 om. ner dos. 2-2 OLEOMARGARINE Van Westenbrugge Brands Carload Distributor [Fl SRS aC Sas ocala 18 Special -Roll __--___--__ 19 MATCHES Diamond, 144 box -. 4 25 Searchlight, 144 box__ 4 25 Ohio Red Label, 144 bx 4 20 Ohio Blue Tip, 144 box 5 00 Ohio Blue Tip. 720-1c 4 00 *Reliable, 144 __------ 3 15 *Federal, 144 Safety Matches Quaker. 5 gro. case... 4 25 NUTS—Whole Almonds, Tarragona_. 19 Brail, Large =--------- 23 Fancy Mixed -------- 22 Filberts, Sicily 20 Peanuts, Vir. Roasted 11 Peanuts. Jumbo, std. 13 Pecans, 3, star ______ 25 Pecans, Jumbo -____- 40 Pecans, Mammoth -—__ 50 Walnuts, Cal, _._. 27@29 Hickory 07 Salted Peanuts Bancy, (Noo bo 14 Shelled Almonds Salted ________ 95 Peanuts, Spanish 126° 1b, Hage 2 12 Miiberts 20s oe 32 Pecans Salted _....____ 87 Walnut Burdo =2022... 67 MINCE MEAT None Such, 4 doz. ___ 6 47 Quaker, 3 doz. case __ 3 50 Libby, Kegs, wet, lb. 22 OLIVES 4 oz. Jar, Plain, doz. 10 oz. Jar, Plain, doz. 14 oz. Jar, Plain, doz Pint Jars, Plain, doz. Quart Jars, Plain, doz. 1 Gal. Glass Jugs, Pla. 5 Gal. Kegs, each ____ 3% oz. Jar, Stuff., doz. 6 oz. Jar, Stuffed, doz. 9% oz. Jar, Stuff., doz. 1 Gal. Jugs, Stuff., dz. bo oo Do I ODO me 2 S PARIS GREEN Se 34 Fe SOG ae cece ee ee 32 Se and $e Ue 30 PEANUT BUTTER M0) Bi ae i og TTD Bel Car-Mo Brand 04°. 3b. Ping oe 4 35 8 oz., 2 doz. in case _. 2 65 15 ib. pats 26 Ib. paila ooo PETROLEUM PRODUCTS From Tank Wagon Red Crown Gasoline _. 19.7 Red Crown Ethyl ---. 22.7 Solite Gasoline 22.7 in fron Barrels Perfection Kerosine _. 14.6 Gas Machine Gasoline 38.1 Vv. M. & P. Naphtha_. 18.8 ISO-ViS MOTOR OILS In tron Barrels Eight oe es 17.1 Medium = (20500 TA Elegy 2 Lien fx! Heavy oo oe TA larine Iron Barrels Polarine Tranmission Oil _____ Finol, 4 oz. cans, doz. 1 5 Finol, 8 oz. cans, doz. 2 30 Parowax, 100 Ib. -.._ 8.3 Parowax, 40, 1 Ib. _. 8.55 Parowax, 20, 1 Ib. __ 8.8 CT STEN oT am frm med pened frm frm fo cans 3 00 12 pt. 12 at. cans 5 00 semdac, jemdac, PICKLES Medium Sour 5 gallon, 400 count -_ 4 75 Sweet Small 16 Gallon, 2250 ----__ 27 00 5 Gallon, 780 __-_____ 9 75 Dil) Pickles Gal. 40 to Tin, doz.__ 10 25 No. 2% Tine __._--... 2.26 82 oz. Glass Picked__ 2 8¢ 82 oz. Glass Thrown 2 3! MICHIGAN TRADESMAN DIN Pickles Bulk 5 Gal, 200 ........_ 5 26 16 Gal., 650 -...._____ 11 25 45 Gal., 1300 --.--___ 30 00 PIPES Cob, 3 doz. in bx. 1 00@1 20 PLAYING CARDS Battle Axe, per doz. 2 65 Torpedo, per doz. --_. 2 50 POTASH Babbitt’s, 2 doz. -___ 2 75 FRESH MEATS Beef ee Top Steers & Heif. ____ 20 Good St’rs & H’f. 154%4@18 Med. Steers & Heif. __ 14 Com. Steers & Heif. —_ 12 Veal POD. 22 oe ea 19 Good 22 ee 15 Medium 2 2000 12 Lamb Sprine Bamb: 2 18 Good Soe ae 16 Bicdium 22205 2 2 es 13 NOOR a sa 11 Mutton GOOG 2 12 Medium 2-202 it OOn 22 10 Pork Hon: med. 19 RECESS ee 16 Shoulders =25) 2 14 Sparerips 22200 8 13 Neek bones 202 os 05 Drennings ooo rt PROVISIONS Barreled Pork Clear Back __ 25 00@28 00 Short Cut Clear26 00@29 00 Dry Salt Meats D S Bellies __ 18-20@18-17 Lard Pure in tierces ______ 11% 60 lb. tubs -__-advance % 50 Ib. tubs -___.advance \% 20 Ib. pails _._._.advance % 10 lb. pails _._._.advance % 5 lb. pails _.__.advance 1 3 Ib. pails ____advance 1 Compound tierces ____ 11% Compound, tubs _____ 12 Suasages Bollea; oo, 16 Liver Frankfort —_ Pork Neat 19 Tongue, Jellied ________ 35 Headcheese __..._._____ 18 Smoked Meats Hams, Cer. 14-16 Ib. @26 Hams, Cert., Skinned 16-18 Ibo @25 Ham, dried beef ou 2 @38 ornia Hams __ 17 Picnic Boiled os SB 20 @25 Boiled Hams _______ @39 Minced Flams _ @18 Bacon 4/6 Cert. 24 @31 Beef Boneless, rump 28 00@36 00 Rump, new __ 29 00@35 00 Liver RICE Fancy Blue Rose ____ 5.65 Fancy Head 07 RUSKS Dutch Tea Rusk Co. Brand. 36 rolls, per case ____ 18 rolls, per case ____ 12 rolls, per case ____ 12 cartons, per case __ 18 cartons, per case __ 36 cartons, per case __ OURS et bo ous SALERATUS Arm and Hammer __ 3 75 SAL SODA Granulated, 60 Ibs. cs. 1 35 Granulated, 18-2% Ib. packares 22202 1 00 COD FISH Middies: ..2 202 Fe 20 Tablets, % Ib. Pure G0n 2 1 40 Wood boxes, Pure __ 30 Wiole Cod 11% HERRING Holland Herring Mixed, Kees: 2.2 2+.__ 115 Mixed, half bbls. -___ 11 35 Mixed, bbls. 22 Milkers, Kegs -___._- 1 Milkers, half bbls. __ 12 50 Milkers, bbls. 24 Lake Herring % Bbl., 100 lbs. ____ 6 50 Mackeral Tubs, 60 Count, fy. fat 6 00 Pails, 10 lb. Fancy fat 1 50 White Fish Med. Fancy. 100 Ib. 18 a0 Milkers, bbls. —_____ 18 50 K K K K Norway __ 19 50 & tb. cpatie, oe 1 40 Cut Lunch 1 50 Boned, 10 lb. boxes __ 16 SHOE BLACKENING 2 in 1, Paste, doz. ... 1 35 B. Z. Combination, dz. 1 35 Dri-Foot, doz. 2 Bixbys, Dozz. -______ 1 35 Shinola, doz. -.__.___ 90 STOVE POLISH Blackne, per doz. __ 1 35 Black Silk Liquid, dz. Black Silk Paste, doz. Enameline Paste. doz. Enameline Liquid, dz. E. Z. Liquid, per doz. Radium, per doz. ____ Rising Sun, per doz. 654 Stove Enamel, dz. Vulcanol, No. 5, doz. 95 Vulcanol, No. 10, doz. 1 35 RH Ee eR Re oo on Stovoil, per doz. _____ 3 00 SALT Colonial, 24, 2 Ib. --__ 80 Solonial, 30-1% ______ 1 05 Colonial, Iodized, 24-2 1 35 Med. No. 1 Bbis. ____ 2 85 Med. No. 1, 100 lb. bk. 95 Farmer Spec., 70 lb. 95 Packers Meat, 50 Ib. 7 Crushed Rock for ice cream, 100 lb., each 86 Butter Salt, 280 Ib. bbl.4 24 Block, 50 Ib. _-.--__-. 40 Baker Salt, 280 Ib. bbl. 4 19 14, 10 Ib., per bale ____ 1 80 28 Ib. bags, Table _... 35 Old Hickory, Smoked, 610 Ib 50 Al SM Free Run’g, 32 26 oz. 2 40 Five case lots 2 30 Todized, 32, 26 oz. Five case lots BORAX Twenty Mule Team 24, 1 Ib packages __ 3 35 48, 10 oz. packages __ 4 40 96, % oz. packages __ 4 00 CLEANSERS 80 can cases, $4.80 per case WASHING POWDERS Bon Ami Pd., 188, box 1 90 Ron Ami Cake, 188 __1 62% Vii) ooo 85 Ciimaline, 4 doz. __-. 4 20 Grandma, 100, 5c -.-. 3 50 Grandma, 24 Large -_ 3 50 Gold Dust, 100s —..... 4 00 Gold Dust, 12 Large 3 20 Golden Rod, 24 4 La France Laun., 4 dz. 3 60 Old Dutch Clean, 4 dz. 3 40 Octagon, 96s Rinso, 40s Rinso, 24s Rub No More, 100, 10 OM a ee Rub No More, 20 Lg. Spotless Cleanser, 48, moo S oe Oz. Sani Flush, 1 doz. __ Sapolio, 3 doz. —_____ Soapine, 100, 12 oz. _ Snowboy, 100, 10 oz. Snowboy, 12 Large -. Speedee, 3 doz. & DO 1 DO Hm GD C9 DO OO QS oS Wyandot Deterg’s, 24s 2 75 SOAP Am. Family, 100 box 6 16 Crystal White, 100 __ Big Jack, 60s ________ Fels Nantha, 190 box Flake White, 10 box Grdma White Na. 10s Jan Rose, 100 box __._ Wairy. 100 box _. Palm Olive, 144 box Lava. 100 box ________ PO “169 68 UT CO Octagon, 120 -_______ 5 00 Pummo, 100 box ____ 4 85 Sweetheart. 100 box __ 5 70 Grandpa Tar, 50 sm. 2 10 Grandpa Tar, 50 Ige. 3:50 Trilby Soap. 100. 10¢ 7 25 Williams Barber Bar, 9s 50 Williams Mug, per doz. 48 SPICES Whole Spices Allspice, Jamaica ____ @40 Cloves, Zanzibar ____ @50 Cassia, Canton __ G Cassia, 5c pkg., dos. @ Ginger, Africas _____ @1S9 Ginger, Cochi1 ---. @40 Mace. Penang _____ 1 39 Mixed, No. 1 @32 Mixed. 5c nkes., doz. @45 Nutmegs, 7790 _____ @59 Nutmegs 198-110 __ @ma Pepper, Black 41 Pure Ground in Bulk Allspice, Jamaica ____ @40 Cloves, Zanzibar ___. @58 Cassia. Canten _____ FAOR Ginger, Corkin ...__. @33 Mustard (05 @32 Mace. Penane ____ 1 290 Pepver, Black ______ @30 Nutmeg @43 Penner, White ________ @57 Pepner, Cayenne ____ @40 Paprika. Snanish ____ @45 Seasoning Chili Powder, 15c ____ 1 35 Celery Salt, 3 oz. _._ = 95 Saree 207 2 Onion Salt Garlic. 3 Ponelty, 3% oz. ____ 3 25 Kitchen Bouquet ____ 4 50 Taurel Leaves ______ 20 Marjoram. 1 oz. _____ 9° Savory, 1 oz. 2... 90 Whyme. 1 om. 0: 90 Tumeric. 21% oz. ____ 90 STARCH Corn : Kingsford, 40 Ibs. _. 11% Powdered. bags ____ £ 50 Argo, 48, 1 lb. pkgs. 3 60 Cream, 48-0 80 Quaker, 40-1 ______ 0714 Gioss Argo, 48, 1 lb. pkes. 3 60 Argo, 12, 3 Ib. pkgs. 2 62 Argo, 8 5 lb pkgs. _. 2 97 Silver Gloss, .8, 1s _. 11% Elastic, 64 pkgs. ____ 5 35 miger, 48-9) 3 30 Tiger. 50 tba. 06 SYRUP Corn Blue Karo, No. 1% __ 2 84 Blue Karo, No. 5, 1 dz. 4 03 Blue Karo, No. 10 __ 3 83 Red Karo, No. 1% __ 3 05 Red Karo, No. 5, 1 dz. 4 29 Red Karo, No. 10 __ 4 09 Imit. Maple Flavor Orange, No. 1%, 2 dz. 3 25 Orange, No. 5, 1 doz. 4 99 Maple and Cane Kanuck, per gal. 1 60 Kanuck, 5 gal. can __ 6 50 Maple Michigan, per gal. 2 76 Welchs. per gal. ____ 3 2h COOKING OIL Mazola Pints: 2 doz: 222. 6 75 Quarts, 1 doz. ______ 25 6 Half Gallons, 1 doz. — 11 75 Gallons, % doz. 11 TABLE SAUCES Lea & Perrin, large_. 6 00 Lea & Perrin, small. 3 35 Peper shu. 1 60 Royal Mint: 2:2. 2 40 Tobasco, 2 oz. ~.__-.- 4 25 Sho You, 9 oz, doz... 2 25 A=t- large 2s —— 475 A-P smal? =o 3) 3 15 Caper, 2.02. 22.0202 3 30 TEA Blodgett-Beckley Co. Royal Garden, % Ib. 175 Royal Garden, % Ib .. 77 Japan Medium —_..- 22. ~- 36@36 Chotee 22220 37@52 Maney 20 52@61 No. ft Nibbe = 64 1 tb. pkg. Sifting ..____ 14 Gunpowder Cholee 22s ce. 40 Maney. aa 47 Ceyion Pekoe, medium ________ 57 English Breakfast Congou, medium _______ 28 Congou, Choice ____ 35@36 Congou, Fancy ____ 42@43 olong Medium 2. 39 Choice 2.0 45 Fancy, 80 a ee 50 TWINE Coton, 3 ply cone senn5 46 Cotton, 3 ply Balls ..._ 42 y Wool, € ply 5 18 VINEGAR wo 40 Grain ________ 23 te Wine, 80 grain _ 26 White Wine, 40 grain__ 19 WICKING No. 0, per gross ______ 80 No. 1, per gross _____ 1 25 No. 2, per gross _____ 1 50 No. 3. per gross _____ 30 Peerless Rolls, per doz. 90 Rochester, No. 2, doz. 50 Rochester, No. 3, doz. 2 00 Rayo, per doz. ______ 75 WOODENWARE Baskets Bushels, narrow band, wire handles _____ 1 15 Bushels, narrow band, wood handles _____ 1 80 Market, -drop handle__ 90 Market, single handle_ 95 Market, extra ___ 60 Splint, large ______ 8 50 Splint, medium ______ 7 50 Splint, small _______ 6 50 Churns Barrel, 5 gal.. each -. 2 40 Barrel, 10 gal., each__ 2 55 3 to 6 gal., per gal. __ 16 Palls 10 qt. Galvanized ____ 2 60 12 qt. Galvanized _. 2 85 14 qt. Galvanized ____ 3 10 12 at. Flaringe Gal. Jr. 5 00 10 qt. Tin Dairy ____ 4 00 Traps Mouse, Wood, 4 holes. 60 Mouse, wood. 6 holes. 79 Mouse, tin, 5 holes __ 65 Rat, wood. 2 1 00 Rat, spring oo 1 00 Mouse, spring ____ 30 Tubs Large Galvanized ____ 8 75 Medium Galvanized __ 7 75 Small Galvanized ___ 6 75 Washboards Banner, Globe Brass, single _______ 5 6 Glass. single _____ 6 Double Peerless ______ 8 50 Single Peerless ______ 7 50 Northern Queen ______ 5 RA Universal 22 2” 7 25 Wood Bowls 13 in. Butter _.______ 5 00 1h: in, Batter 2 9 00 17 in. Butter ________ 18 00 19 in. Butter ______ 25 00 WRAPPING PAPER Fibre, Manila, white 05% No. 1 Fibre ____.. 06% Butchers DF __. 06116 Kratt 22 ee 07 Kraft Stripe ______ 091% YEAST CAKE Wagic, 3 doz. _______ 2 70 Sunlight, 3 doz. ______ 0 Sunlight, 1% doz. __. 1 35 "east Foam, 3 doz. __ 2 70 Jeast Foam, 1% doz. 1 35 YEAST—COMPRESSED Fleischmann, per doz. 30 ANRC RRO te Nomina REARS. i 30 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary Creating Wealth For the Farmer By Grading Produce. Under modern conditions of mer- chandising, ‘the standardization of grades and packages is a condition es- sential to commercial success. The methods that sufficed when the farmer ‘hauled two barrels jof apples, a crate of eggs and some vegetables to the nearest country store, there to barter them for other merchandise, are wholly useless in ‘the marketing of fresh produce that moves across the continent in trainloads. If the ancient policy of hiding the poor quality of the shipment under top and bottom layers of high-grade fruit should suddenly come into vogue again, the enormous trade in perish- ables would be in a snarled chaotic tangle withinia week. And California’s ‘business machine would tbe paralyzed shortly thereafter. All modern business rests on confi- dence, on the reliance of the distant ‘buyer in the integrity of the seller. It is the task of the California depart- ment of agriculture to bring this great fact home to producers and shippers of farm products. In the enforcement of the standard- ization laws we have now and then en- countered opposition, ‘but it rarely ‘con- tinued for long. The obvious fact that standard goods of uniform quality plainly marked with the right grade will always bring better prices than goods of uncertain grade, was under- stood by the majority. Yet the number of dissenters, of those who through perversity, contrari- ness or just plain greed want to palm off inferior stuff on the distant buyer, is large enough to make statutory in- terference unnecessary. The elimination of inferior stuff and the shipping of commodities whose uniform quality is known ito the buy- ers will increase the returns to the producer. This has been demonstrated so frequently that every California farmer should be fully acquainted with it. He is; but when the shoe pinches he sometimes fails to base his action on-his knowledge. Some years ago the citrus belt was visited by a heavy frost. At once many growers began to ship oranges that were frozen, but showed little frost damage at the time of shipment. Uncertainty as to the quality made buyers cautious and depressed the price of nearly all shipments, whether dam- aged or sound. Then the State department stepped in and, with the co-operation of the county horticultural commissioners, prevented all shipments of frozen oranges and had them diverted to by- products plants. Almost immediately . the confidence of the ‘buyer in the qual- ity of the California orange was re- established and prices went up. In an orange district near Sacra- mento, the State department, this Win- ter, strictly enforced a new law which increases the sugar content and the amount of color oranges must show before they can be shipped. The growers report that the assured higher quality of their shipments ‘was recog- nized at once by the buyers, who paid a cent a pound above the average for the fruit. Last Spring a State-county produce inspection station was opened on the highway leading from the truck grow- ing districts of the Salinas Valley, down the coast to Los Angeles and Southern California. Shipments of produce that did not come up to the standards established by law were turned back. Within a few days the inspectors noted a decided improvement in the quality of the lettuce shipments. At the same time the producers found that the price the buyers were willing to pay increased 25 cents a crate on an average. Since 80,000 crates of lettuce passed through after the station opened, State inspection put $20,000 additional into the pockets of the producers shipping to the Los Angeles market. As a general rule it does not pay the grower to ship produce of inferior ap- pearance, though perfectly sound in all Other respects, to distant markets where competition is keen. Yet the offi- cial standards must not te raised too high; a fact that was brought home to the lettuce growers who, at the be- ginning of the year, requested that the Standardization law be amended to bar so-called “soft-head” lettuce from shipment. Since the only drawback is a lack of firmness, the lettuce otherwise be- ing just as edible as the firmer heads, the amendment was not adopted. In- stead it was pointed out to the growers that they could readily eliminate “soft-head” lettuce through voluntary action in case of oversupply. Strict grading and inspection of soil products for shipment to distant mar- kets must be carried on for the ‘benefit of both producer and cotisumer. Only by maintaining a high, uniform stand- ard of quality can the California grower hope to obtain prices that wi!l pay heavy efreight, icing and handling charges and leave enough over to give him a fair profit. : It is the duty of the State to estab- lish reasonable standards of quality and pack, and to enforce these stand- ards impartially. But the State cannot by law prevent the shipment of sound edible products because their size is small or their appearance is faulty. Though ‘the industry as a whole will benefit by such exclusion, it must limit a ‘shipment to the ‘better grades through the voluntary action of its en- lightened members. In New Zealand the State monopo- lizes all apple exports, for instance, buying the fruit from the grower, grad- ing, packing and selling it at cost for the grower’s benefit. New Zealand can adopt such a paternalistic policy. In- the United States the Constitu- tion wisely limits State interference to those cases involving damage to public health, morals or we'fare. Hence the use Of the State’s power through standardization or quarantines to pre- vent market gluts must be carefully avoided. Within these limits the California de- partment of agriculture is rendering the producers of the State a service which is increasingly appreciated by the recipients. G. H. Hecke, Director California Department of Agriculture. Our ancient forefathers never had the means to do what they might dream, but now the means are in our hands. See how insanely we often use them. With the most astounding means of production in history we make unemployment. With the most amazing world contacts on record we make world wars. Our problem is not means; it is our ends. And the only answer to that is an_ effective ethical religion that will put the world of means into the service of the soul.— Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick. oe ee re er ee ee eee Oe ee Oe ee ne eee Or oe I I OT I I OT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT I TT IT IE RT A ae We take this opportunity to congratulate our Stock- holders upon the most suc- cessful year in the history of this Company. CIOL’ GRAND RAPIDS WHOLESALE GROCERY CO. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Frank T. Marty, Pres. } } } } , } } , } } } } } , } } } } } , } } } , } ll tl tl nll tll ln tlle all alll allan alla atl atthe atl alte allie cilia sith aitln atl atthe. thie. vlien..tilin..tten. alte abe se ope ORDER THIS QUICK SELLING LINE FROM YOUR WAGON In times when families are trying to economize, Noodles do not stay long cn the grocers’ shelves. Mrs. Grass has worked out numerous DISTRIBUTOR. ways of making delicious dishes from her Noodles and the recipe folders are packed in each package. Because every package of Mrs. Grass’ Genuine Egg Noodles makes steady custcmers for your store, we urge you to write to us to get the name of your nearest Wagon Distributor. I. J. GRASS NOODLE CoO., INC. Dept. M. €021-7 Wentworth Ave., Chicago, IIl. STOKELY’S Honey Pod Peas Distributed by Western Michigan Grocery Company GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Dd ~ ann pos _—— apt Sp menue np * : a : ~o, re. 4 oy i, ° oe, &% t yy + ° . « > a Nn i ene a ase ee omen TI OTTO TOA ES NEN RCRA # ary . ME . onm, %. { ¢ er « wy sS ° « ° e Forty-seventh Anniversary The High Cest of Long Buying. (Continued from page 20) argument thus to work it all: out: for the net earnings, the final results in which we are all interested, are made stronger and better by such working out of final facts. Go tback, for examiple, to the total sale of the six cases baking powder. That shows $94.63. Assume 20 per cent. expense, $18.93. We shall have net of $9.46—with slight fractions over in each case. Against an “investment” of $55.20 this shows 17.13 per cent. plus. Now let us take the use of $11.50 for a single case. This is sold for $16.50, say, to make easy figuring. If this be done six times, we shall have $30 gross. Take out 20 per cent. for expenses on sales of $94.63, $18.93, and the net remainder is $11.77 or just over 100 per cent. on capital used. There are other elements that must be taken into account. Every extra or surplus item of stock involves more or less rehandling; and every time anything is handled entails expense, whether such costs are visible or not. Every extra item entails insurance expense and storage costs—whether these be noted or not. Further, while some goods are said not to deteriorate with storage, virtually nothing is im- proved by, being kept in stock and much is injured thereby. This merchant fears that what he may get from a wholesaler may not be fresh. Can one imagine a live job- ber who carries chocolate bars seven months? It seems to me, from my ex- perience, even with easy going job- bers, that thirty days to possibly sixty days is about as long as any of them would carry an article so perishable. Yet this merchant has his last box for seven months, Paul Findlay. —__. <-> _-- Proceedings of the Grand Rapids Bankruptcy Court. Grand Rapids, Nev. 17—On this day was held the first meeting of creditors in the matter of Imperial Candy Co., a cor- roration, Bankrupt No. 4286. The bank- rupt was present by James Konstant, its rvesident. and represented by attorneys Corwin, Norcross & Cook. Creditors were present in person and by attorneys Dean S. Face. Wykes & Cooner: Kirk E. Wicks and by Central Adjustment Association. Claims were proved and allowed. The president of the corporation was Sworn and examined, without a reporter. Peter Van Allsburg. of Grand Rapids, was elect- ed trustee, and his bond placed at $100. The first meeting then adjourned to Nov. 19, at which time creditors appeared by Dean S. Face and the bankrupt appeared by James Konstant and represented by attorneys Corwin. Norcross & Cook. James Konstant. previously sworn, was further examined. without a reporter. The matter then adjourned without date. Nov. 25. We have to-day received the schedules. reference and adjudication in the matter of Carl Rose. Bankrupt No. 4319. The bankrupt is a resident of Grand Rapids. and his oecunation is that of a pronvrietor of confectionery store. The schedule shows assets of $797.08 of which $439 is claimed as exempt. with liabilities of $2,333.65. The court has writ- ten for funds and unon receipt of same the first meeting of creditors will be called. The list of creditors of said bank- rupt is as follows: Citv of Grand Rapids -_- oo eS ae Ee Fsther Rose, Grand Rapids ------ 1,000.00 Fred Kelley. Grand Rapids ------- 125.00 DeBoer Bros.. Grand Rapids _—----- 225.00 National Grocer Co.. Grand Rapids 46.48 Lee & Cady. Grand Rapids ---_- . 90.90 Johnson Candy Co., Grand Rapids 134.26 Hekman Biscuit Co.. Grand Rapids Hoekstra Ice Cream Co., Grand R. 402.61 Folger’s. Grand Rapids -_-------- M. J. Dark & Sons. Grand Rapids Mills Paner Co., Grand Rapids -__- 2.43 G. R. Kolatona Co., Grand Rapids 5.10 Williams & Marcroft, Grand Rapids Phil J. Peterson. Grand Rapids —- Ferris Coffee & Nut Co.. Grand R. 6.76 Caneral Cigar Co.. Grand Ranids 7.60 VandenBosch & McVoy. Grand R. Consumers Power Co.. Grand Rap. 12.01 G. G. Gas Co.. Grand Ranids ___---~ 2.25 G. R. News Co.. Grand Rapids ---_ 17.75 Shaw News Co., Grand Rapids -... 7.00 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN D. Stoll & Son, Grand Rapids -___ 28.00 Basch Co., Grand Rapids _..._-___._ 2.50 Freyling & Mendels, Grand Rapids 1.50 Paul Cholette. Grand Rapids __-___ Houseamn & Jones, Grand Rapids Harston Mfg. Co., Goshen, Ind. __ 2.85 Mich. Bell Tel. Co.. Grand Rapids -60 Nov. 24. We have to-day received the schedules, reference and adjudication in the matter of Fred Gilmer. individually and trading as Sportman’s Den, Bank- rupt No. 4318. The bankrupt is a resident of Grand Rapids, and his occupation is that of a merchant. The schedule shows assets of $319.66 with liabilities of $1,872.18. The court has written for funds and upon receipt of same the first meeting of creditors will be called. The list of creditors of said bankrupt is as follows: City of Grand Rapids 32030 = $ 42.85 Abbie & Imbrie. New York ______ 284.08 Burton Heights Fuel Co.. Grand R. 5.00 Butterworth Hospital. Grand Rap. 89.45 Bell Telephone Co., Grand Rapids 21.45 Horace Beecher, Grand Rapids __ 31.00 Blodgett Hospital, Grand Rapids__ 18.65 C. G. Baisch, Grand Rapids ________ 9.41 Cc. C. Cline. Grand Rapids ________ 163.65 Dr. B. R. Corbus, Grand Rapids __ 2.85 Cattaragus Cutlery Co., New York 4.00 Cook Tire Co., Grand Rapids ______ Dnison Dykema Hdwe. Co., G. R. 7.50 Forbes Stamp Co.. Grand Rapids __ 5.40 Foster. Stevens Hdwe. Co., G. R. G. R. Lumber Co., Grand Rapids __ Gray Beech Cigar Co., Grand Rapids 9.38 Goldner Sales Co.. Grand Rapids __ Horrocks Ibbotsons Co., Utica. N.Y. 57.51 Thomas Holwerda. Grand Rapids __ John J. Hildebrant, Logansport, Ind 41.20 Hoover Bros. Co.. Washington. D.C. 32.50 Press. Grand Rapids... 220-0 21.00 Philbrick Hardware. Grand Rapids 21.40 R. M. Shivel. Grand Rapids ______ 24.70 Dr. Smith & VandenBerg, Grand R. 35.00 Shakespear Co., Kalamazoo ______ 76.70 Strong Electric Co.. Grand Rapids 160.50 Timmer & Tepper Hdwe.. Grand R. 333.00 Vee Works, Boonesville, W. D. Vandecar, Grand Ranids __ 28.00 Ward & Schonps Printing Co..G.R. 6.00 Wood Bros. Garage, Grand Rapids 7.50 Dr. H. C. Wolf. Grand Rapids ____ 60.1 Noy. 18. On this day was held the first meeting of creditors in the matter of Harry L. Grummet, Bankrupt No. 4244. The bankrupt was present in person and represented by attorneys Corwin, Nor- cross & Cook. One claim was proved and allowed. No creditors were present. but one was represented by attorney J. C. Youdan. No trustee was appointed. The bankrupt was sworn and examined without date. and the case has_ been closed and returned to the district court, as a case without assets. On this day also was held the first meeting of creditors in the matter of Kersten Radio Equipment, Inc., Bankrupt No. 4248. The cornoration was present by its president and represented by at- torney Charles H. Farrell. Creditors were renrsented by attorneys Jackson. Fitzgerald .& Dalm. Claims were proved and allowed. The bankrupt’s president was sworn and examined without a re- porter. M. N. Kennedv. of Kalamazoo. was elected trustee. and his bond placed at $1,000. The first meeting then ad- journed without date. In the matter of Ralph C. Shumway. Bankrunvt No. 4305. The funds have heen received and the first meting of creditors has been called for Dec. 15. In the matter of Virgil Morris, Bank- runt No. 4314. The funds have been re- ceived and the first meeting of creditors has been called for Dee. 15. In the matter of George Arthur Bartz, Bankrunvt No. 4303. The funds have been received and the first meetine of cred- itors has been called for Dec. 15. In the matter of Calvin Parcher, Bank- runt No. 4302. The funds have been re- ceived and the first meeting of creditors has been called for Dee. 15. In the matter of Abram N. Shook, doing business as A. N. Shook & Sons, Bankrupt No. 4817. The first meeting of creditors has been called for Dec. 12. In the matter of Abram N. Shook, doing business as A. N. Shook & Sons, Bank- rupt No. 4317. The sale of assets has been called for Dee. 16 at the premises formerly occuvied by the bankrunt, 405 Jefferson avenue. S. E.. Grand Rapids. All the stock in trade will he sold. con- sisting of groceries, scheduled by the bankrunt at $502.78, together with fur- niture and fixtures used in said grocerv husiness, scheduled by the bankrupt at $2 219.85. All narties interested in such stock should be nresent at the date and time ahove stated. In the matter of Alvin IL. Jackson, Bankrunt No. 4299. The funds have been received and the first meeting of cred- itors has been called for Dee. 12. In the matter of Garret Van Alsburg, Bankrunt No. 4304. The funds have heen received and the first meeting of creditors hes ben called for Dee. 12. ~ In the matter of Rockaway Chon & Ovster House. formerlv known as Vienna Tainch. a conartnershin, Bankrunt No. 4212. The first meetine of ereditars has been called for Dec. 12. The sale of assets has been called for Dec. 16, at tre rremises formerly occupied hy the bankrunt. 76 Market street. Grand Rapids. all the fur- niture. fixtrres. tools, machinery and eanin~ent will be sold. all nsed in onera- tion of a lunch room and linech counter. arnraised et $1.245.75. All interested in such sale should he nresent and the date and time above stated. Nov. 28. We have to-day received the schedules, reference and adjudication in the matter of Kathryn Barnett, Bankrupt No. 4320. The bankrupt is a resident of Grand Rapids. The schedule shows as- sets of $250 of which the full amount is claimed as exempt, with liabilities of $10,024.50. The court has written for funds and upon receipt of same the first meeting of creditors will be called. The list of creditors of said bankrupt is as follows: : Louise S. Chandler. Grand Rap. $8,000.00 Wm. G. & Clara L. Patterson, Grand Hanids: 2 eo 1,500.00 Travis, Merrick, Johnson & McCobb. Grand Hapids 524.50 Nov. 28. On this day an order for the payment of expenses of administration, preferred and secured claims was made in the matter of Kalamazoo Sanitary Manufacturing Co., Bankrupt No. 4215, the trustee having heretofore filed: his first report and account. In the matter of Sol Jacobs and Hyman. Adelberg. individually and as copartners as New York Outlet. Bankrupt No. 2852, the trustee has heretofore filed his final report and account. and a final meeting of creditors, as adjourned, was held Sept. 2. The trustee was not present. but rep- resented by attorneys Hilding & Hilding. No creditors were present or represented. The bankrupts were not’ represented. Claims were proved and allowed. An order was made for the payment of ex- penses of administration and for a sup- plemental first dividend of 5 per cent. and a final dividend of 1.2 per cent. No objections were made to the discharge of the bankrupts. The final meeting then adjourned without date. and the case will be closed and returned to the dis- trict court. in due course. Nov. 28. On this day was held the final meeting of creditors in the matter of Galvin E. Wenger. doing business as Wenger Bowling Alleys. Bankrupt No. 4112. The bankrupt was not present. but represented by attorneys Corwin, Nor- cross & Cook. Creditors were repre- sented by attorney G. A. Wolf. The trus- tee was present in person. Clais were proved and allowed. The trustee’s final revort and account was approved and allowed. An order for the payment of expenses of administration, as far as the funds would permit. was made. No ob- jections were made to the discharge of the bankrupt. The final meeing then ad- journed without date. and the case will be closed and returned to the district court, in due course. ——>. + ___ The Tercentenary of Cinchona. Few drugs that are employed by the physician of to-day have a history of therapuetic usefulness that reaches back through the centuries, comments the Journal of the American Medical Association. This medical dignity can be claimed proudly by quinine and its companion alkaloids of the cinchona group. The barks of various species of Cinchona and Remiji (Cuprea) con- tain a considerable number of related substances, among which twenty or more have been isolated and described. They seem to resemble one another in their chemical and pharmacologic properties. The best known represen- tatives are the alkaloids quinine, qui- nine, cinchonine and cinchonidine. To thousands of persons quinine has be- come a household word rather than a scientific curiosity. Generations of physicians have depended on quinine or products that contain it for help in the management of disease. The cinchonas are natives of West- ern South America but are now culti- vated in India and Java. The exact date of the introduction of the use of cinchona bark into medicine is some- what uncertain. According to Cushny it seems questionable whether the vir- tues of the bark were known by the native Indians before the invasion of the Spanish. Its introduction into med- Do You Wish To Sell Out! CASH FOR YOUR STOCK, Fixtures or Plants of every description. ABE DEMBINSKY Auctioneer and Liquidator 734 So. Jefferson Ave., Saginaw, Mich Phone Federal 1944. - 31 icine dates from about 1630; hence the international celebration held at the Missouri Botanical Garden in St. Louis, Oct. 31 and Nov. 1, to com- memorate the three hundréds anniver- sary of the discovery. —_—_—~.-+ > ____ See Price Criticism Unjustified. Retailers are growing decidedly restive under the continued criticisms emanating from some quarters relative to delay in adjusting retail quotations in line with lower wholesale prices. Store executives feel that these criti- -cisms are not only unjustified but are actually working harm by affecting the development of seasonal and holi- day purchasing. In at least two com- prehensive surveys, it was added, re- tail prices are shown to have gone down from 19 to as much as 28 per cent. as compared with a year ago. Unless we can discipline ourselves we must pay someone to do it for us. ——--+> ~~ BANKRUPTCY AUCTION. Retail Variety Store By order of the United States District Court for the Western District of Mich- igan, I shall sell at Public Auction on, FRIDAY, DEC. 5, 1930. At 2:00 P. M. Central Standard Time. The assets of MABEL BARNUM, Bankrupt, At the premises Stanton, Michigan. The stock consists of: STATIONERY, NOTIONS, GIFT GOODS, DRY GOODS, LADIES’ and CHILDREN’S CLOTHING, APPAREL and ACCESSORIES, DISHES, CROCKERY and TOILET ARTICLES TOGETHER with attendant fixtures. All sales are for cash and subject to immediate confirmation by the referee. All checks must be certified. ABE DEMBINSKY, Court Auctioneer, 1225 G. R.-National Bank Blda., Grand Rapids, Mich. HON. CHAS. B. BLAIR, Referee in Bankruptcy. Business Wants Department Advertisements inserted under this head for five cents a word the first insertion and four cents a word for each subse- quent continuous insertion. If set in capital letters, double price. No charge less than 50 cents. Small display adver- tisements in this department, $4 per inch. Payment with order is required, as amounts are too small to onen accounts. WANTED TO BUY—Grocery or general store. Address No. 360 c/o Michigan Tradesman. 360 A RELIABLE FIRM—With sales or- ganization. wants to represent RELI- ABLE COMPANY in this territory. 404 Murray Building, Grand Rapids, ae For Sale—On account of death of own- er, a stock of men’s and boys’ furnish- ings. groceries, novelties, and fixtures. $3,000 will take the outfit. Mrs. B. A. Lyon, Bloomingdale, Mich. 358 Business For Sale—Stock of men’s and boys’ clothing, hats and furnishings, also store fixtures. in one of the best cities in Central Michigan. Also six-year lease of building the rental of which is less than two-thirds that of adjoining prop- erty. Failing health reason for selling. Splendid opportunity for young man. Ad- dress No. 359, c/o Michigan Tradesman. For Sale—A complete grocery stock, store and fixtures in excellent neighbor- hood community, showing fine annual volume of business. Address No. 355, e/o Michigan Tradesman. 355 I OFFER CASH! For Retail Stores—Stocks— Leases—all or Part. Telegraph—-Write—Telephone L. LEVINSOHN Ea Casita oe Telephone Riv 2263W Established 1909 32 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary DETROIT DOINGS. Late Business News From Michigan’s : Metropolis. The LaSalle Hotel here thas ‘been re- named the Detroiter, William J. Knott, president of the Knott Corporation of New York announces. The Detroiter becomes the thirty-sixth hotel in the Knott chain and is the farthest Knott operated hotel West of New York. It contains 750 rooms. The hotel is the second in the Knott chain to take the name of the city of its location, the first being the Pittsburgher in Pittsburgh. The corporation, the announcement states, has high hopes of making the Detroiter a representative hotel of the city of Detroit as well as an outstand- itg hostelry of the chain. Former Governor Alfred Smith, of New York, is a member of the corporation’s board of directors. A voluntary petition in bankruptcy has been filed in the U. S. District Court here by Meyer Becker, individ- ually, and operating as the Liberty Upholstering & Furniture ‘Co., listing assets of $4,913 and liabilities of $16,275. An amended offer of composition to all creditors, except those entitled to priority of 27% per cent. cash, has been filed ‘by Sax, Inc., retail women’s ready to wear, 1438 Farmer street, in voluntary bankruptcy. A composition offer of 20 per cent. cash has been accepted ‘by creditors in involuntary bankruptcy proceedings against Frumin Bros., retail dry goods, 7500 Michigan avenue. Assets are given as $11,506 and liabilities $25,399 in schedules filed in the U. S. Court here. Creditors with unsecured claims of $500 or more are: Bridgewater Workers’ Co-operative Ass’n., Bridge- water, Mass., $618; Edson, Moore & Co., Detroit, $4,126: R. H. Lane Co., Toledo, $1,025; U. S. Hat & Cap Co., Cleveland, $848; L. Wargon, Detroit, $605; Dr. Halbstein, Detroit, $750: David Frumin, Detroit, $675; Hyman Kessler, Detroit, $500: Sam Wittus, Detroit, $500. An order for sale of assets to the ap- praised value of $2,347 in merchandise and $657 in fixtures has been filed in involuntary ‘bankruptcy proceedings against Rose-Root, Inc., Book build- ing, women’s ready to wear. Assets are given as $16,110 and liabilities $27,228 in schedules filed in the U. S. Court here. Creditors with unsecured claims of $500 or more are: Bennett & Effross, New York, $553; Book Estate, Detroit, $6,454; Bramber Gowns, New York, $550; Max Greenberg & Co., New York, $888; Max Greenfogel, Inc., New York, $758: Doris Reid, New York, $3,446; jack ‘H. Roberts, Chica- go, $555; Phillip Salkin, New York, $554; J. L. Hudson Co., Detroit, $556; Alfred Roseroot, Detroit, Detroit, $6,- 950; E. H. Jacobson, New York, $1,078. —_+—+__ Recent Business Information From Ohio. Kenton—Ralph E. Pugh, president of the Kenton Mercantile Co., an- nounces that the corporation will own and operate the Miller shoe store on the North side of the square. The Miller shoe store has been in continu- ous operation here since June, 1858, a period of seventy-two years, by five generations of one family. Henry J. Miller, present owner of the shoe store, announces that he will retire from business. Toledo — Ross Scorziell, bedding manufacturer, has filed a voluntary petition in bankruptcy in the U. S. District Court here, listing assets of $6,521 and liabilities of $13,441. Cincinnati—Berg Bros., also trading as Better Pants Co., and Tu-Pants Co., 248 West Fifth street, schedules as- sets of $853, of which $727 is open ac- counts. Liabilities are $10,245, all un- secured. Youngstown—Nathan N. Wolins, trading as the Tapestry Shoppe, up- holstering, has filed a voluntary peti- tion in bankruptcy in the U. S. District Court at Cleveland, listing liabilities of $6,778 and assets of $848. Cleveland — David Rabinovitz, dry goods, has filed a voluntary petition in bankruptcy in the U. S. District Court here, listing assets of $1,500 and lia- bilities of $1,844. Ashland—John Milton Stockwell, 57, Ashland merchant, manager and secre- tary-treasurer of the Home Co., de- partment store, is dead after a week’s illness of pneumonia. He had been identified practically all his life with department store merchandising and was prominent in local civic affairs. All Ashland stores remained closed in his honor during the funeral. Defiance—E. G. Hopper, 53, man- ager of the Defiance department store, is dead from injuries received when his automobile was struck by a train at Middletown. He had long been identified with retail merchandising. Rickwood—Robinson & Wilkins Co., dry goods,.has filed a voluntary peti- tion in bankruptcy in the U. S. District Court, listing liabilities of $15,471 and assets of $2,315. Barberton—Samuel and Phoebe Sa- betay, a partnership, trading as the Vogue Shoppe, filed a voluntary peti- tion in bankruptcy in the U. S. District Court at Cleveland. Samuel Sabetay lists assets of $5,277 and liabilities of 332,903. Phoebe Sabetay lists assets of $13,677 and liabilities of $32,453. Newark—Frank Christian, 60, retired merchant tailor, is dead here as the result of an automobile accident, near Albion, Ind. He had been identified with local business for several years. Burial will be in Newark, Ohio. Toledo—Rose Louise Arnold, man- ufacturer of canvas goods, shop caps, etc., trading as Arnold Mfg. Co., filed liabilities of $4,790. Creditors of $500 or more: Security-Home Trust Co., Toledo, $600; Baumgardner & Co., To- ledo, $516. Assets total $1,143, and consist of canvas goods, aprons, sweat- ers and gloves, $350; machinery, $300, and accounts receivable, $393. Cincinnati—Samuel Fershtman, re- tail general merchandise, 2618 Vine street and 3102 Harvey avenue, sched- ules assets of $5,435, of which $3,750 is stock in trade and $1,500 machinery, tools, etc. Liabilities are $20,021, of which $6,959 is unsecured, $1,500 se- cured, and $11,562 notes and bills which ought to be paid by others. MUSICAL GIFTS BRING GREATEST AND MOST LASTING JOY Everything in the Realm of Music at the House of Grinnell. —— It costs so little to buy a lifetime of happiness! Christmas... su SUCH A SPLENDID TIME TO ENRICH YOUR HOME «ne Grand Piano Never a Christmas that meant so much... that held such Joy... as would this, with a fine grand piano the Christmas home-gift. Giving new beauty, new completeness, new richness to the home . . . con- tinuing the happiness this Christ- mas day would hold into all the future days In the immensity of our stock .. . the recognized leadership of the instruments of our line... the wide range of prices ... the outstanding value . . . the liberal terms we gladly arrange ... are buying advantages of very great importance to you Beautiful New Grands $495, $545, $645, $785 etc. OurHonor Roll of Famous Pianos STEINWAY, SOHMER, VOSE, WEBER STROUD, STECK, DUO-ART GRINNELL “Michigan's Leading Music House” GRINNELL BROS. Steinway Representatives Headquarters 1515-21 WOODWARD AVENUE DETROIT BRANCH STORES AT Adrian, Ann Arbor. Bay City. Birmingham, Flint. Grand Ranids, Hillsdale, Jackson. Kala*razoo, Lansing. Muskegon, Monroe. Pontiac Port Huron. Sag’naw, Traverse City, Wyandotte, Lincoln Park, and Ypsilanti, Mich. Toledo, 0.; Windsor, Ont. Hight Detroit Branches. i Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN I Dp : Ty HEKMAN'S I 7 Cookie-Cakes AY i | and Crac. 4, mM ¥ , y s * ” . . iS tay a 4 5 FPS leon lpaee 4 t s.— bs ¥ 4 ce ee Se ae “arene : ‘ : a + ee 4h i> Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 35 Michigan Bankers and Merchants Mutual Fire Insurance Company Fremont - Michigan Chartered August 14, 1916 CIAL’ Principal Causes of Fire as reported by the National Board of Fire Underwriters Careless handling of matches and smoking Defective chimneys and flues Overheated stoves, furnaces, boilers, etc. Electric wiring and appliances Spontaneous combustion Sparks on combustible roofs. CHECK OVER THESE HAZARDS IN YOUR STORE. DUR WN = Every fire adds to the already high cost of living. It matters not whether the fire occurs on a neighbor’s prop- erty or on your own, whether the property be insured or not, it robs you individually, despoils your community, and drains the resources of the Nation. Each of us must pay our share of this waste—in high insurance rates—in curtailed production—in unemploy- ment—in decreased purchasing power—in business fric- tion—unfilled contracts—delayed deliveries, etc. These are the indirect results of fire all of which help to clog the economic flow of goods from producer to consumer. We can help you to a saving of from 30 to 50% in the purchase of fire insurance of a safe and dependable character. GIOL’O For Rates and Terms on any \ \ ] M N SENEF Secretary- Mercantile Risk in Michigan, write to ° o 9 Treasurer 36 MANUFACTURED WEATHER. Marvelous Changes Wrought By Mod- ifying the Temperature. Let me take you for just a moment to one of the busiest spots in Wash- ington—the office of President Hoover in the executive wing of the White House. In midsummer this used to be one of the very hottest places in the District of Columbia. But it has ex- perienced a startling change. To-day it is very pleasant—thoroughly delight- ful, in fact—as befits the high-pressure activity that goes on within those walls, “How has this transformation been effected?”, you may ask. By cooled and conditioned air — “manufactured weather.” That is just a single illustra- tion of the highly significant advance of a vigorously progressive American industry and business. I believe it was Mark Twain who once remarked that “everybody is al- ways talking about the weather—but nobody ever does anything about it.” That observation still holds true for the hot or cold conditions of the great outdoors, although I read just the other day about a slightly implausible project to lower the temperature of certain African colonies through the medium of titanic electrical contrivances. In the modifying and controlling of our “indoor weather,” it was always a one-way proposition in the past. We could make it warm in cold seasons, but when the torrid days arrived we had to resign ourselves to being “hot and bothered.’ We had to “take it and like it.’ We could simply mop our MICHIGAN TRADESMAN fevered brows — swelter and bake — swing (or switch on) fans—and try intelligently to cultivate a philosophic calm. But within the past few years, as all of you are well aware, engineers have begun to refute Mark Twain’s satirical assertion by going ahead and “doing something” about this indoor weather during the summer months. The art, the science, and the business of refrig- eration have been advancing recently with giant strides. I want to tell you, briefly, about some of the phases of that growth. Let us look, first of all, at this fascinating thing called “manu- factured weather.” We find “manufactured weather” in motion-picture theaters, department stores, and other places where people congregate; and in July and August it is generally a great relief to enter one of these retreats for a few hours of genuine relaxation. One of the best known of these installations is in the Capitol Building at Washington. The strictly commercial aspects of “cooling for comfort’ are interesting I think. Manufactured weather in a theater can be furnished at a cost of about 2 cents per seat per performance, and the public seems more than willing to pay that equivalent of a postage stamp for this added comfort. Manufactured weather can be fur- nished in restaurant or cafeteria at a cost of not over 2 cents per meal (an exceedingly cheap form of advertising and “patronage-appeal!’’). In large of- fices atmospheric conditions can be controlled at a cost of 1 cent per man- nour, and it certainly seems probable that human efficiency under controlled conditions of temperature and humid- ity would more than justify the cost of arranging for these more comfort- able surroundings. In the old days our textile industry had to hunt humidity; now it can make it. In a knitting mill the cost of air conditioning amounts to about one-half cent per pair of hose produced; and not only is human comfort enhanced but business experience has proved that the capacity of the plant can be defi- nitely increased, because in controlling the moisture content of the air we also control the tendency of the fibers to curl and twist about. So we get a better product, and more of it, through the use of “manufactured weather.” In a cotton mill the cost of such con- trol is less than half a cent per loom- hour. It is estimated that the applica- tion of temperature-and-humidity con- trol in American industries now results in savings in excess of $15,000,000 a year. Artificial skating-rinks are one of the truly picturesque achievements of mod- ern refrigeration. And the experts in that field tell me that such rinks are increasing in popularity to an astonish- ing extent, with very promising pros- pects of big expansion in the future. In the old days, skating and hockey were exclusively outdoor affairs, gen- erally to the accompament of biting blasts, nipped noses, and the menace of an icy drenching. Now we can have them in any hall that is appropriately equipped, and tens of thousands of Forty-seventh Anniversary spectators can sit in cosy comfort. When the sport is over, the ice is speedily removed. Another tribute to man’s ability to master his environ- ment and mould it in accordance with his will! It was not so many years ago that we drank brackish water, and mother hung the butter and meat down the well to keep them cool. Then the next stage was where ice was harvested in winter, stored in crude buildings (packed in sawdust), and taken out from time to time as the hot season advanced. Altogether, that was a dis- tinctly primitive operation — yet we must not forget that in the early days of our national life the promoters of that ice business in New England were so enterprising that they exported ice halfway around the world in the fa- mous old clipper ships, to the hot country of India, About 1880, some fifty years ago, manufactured ice reached a commercial stage. At that time there was much misgiving as to whether ice could be manufactured cheaply enough to com- pete with a product furnished gratis, and in great abundance, by Mother Nature. And there was plenty of peo- ple who considered it unnatural to shock the system with cold refresh- ments; dire forbodings ‘were voiced with regard to the consequences we would suffer if we indulged too freely in cold drinks and cold foods. Be all that as it may, we in this country have been indulging more and more liberally in these chilled refresh- ments, with the result that we use four THE VINKEMULDER COMPANY GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Founded in the year 1888 Branch Jobbing House at Petoskey, Mich. CWO o Receivers and Jobbers of Fruit and Vegetables Carlot Shippers of “Vinke” Brand Michigan Onions and Potatoes CWO AN OLD AND DEPENDABLE PRODUCE FIRM . .. NATIONALLY KNOWN + 2. >» Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN - times as much manufactured ice per capita as we did in 1914—the curve is still going upward—and we have not died off yet. Probably the commonest illustration of development in the refrigeration in- dustry -is the household mechanical refrigerator. Perhaps you do not recall that the first of these was made as recently as 1914, and it required ten years, or until 1924, to sell ten thou- sand of these units. But at the present time ten thousand of them are absorb- ed by the American buying public in four days. Six hundred and_ thirty thousand such sets were sold in the year 1929, In the newer machines of this sort, provision is made to maintain various temperatures in different parts of the refrigerator so that berries and vege- tables may be chilled but not frozen, while elsewhere water may be frozen, not merely chilled. In these newer units it is claimd that ice cubes can be frozen in less than eighty minutes. Thus the producers are called upon to measure up to ever-higher standards; the machine builders are required to manufacture with ever-increasing pre- cision. The manufacturer of one of these sets reports that certain parts are kept within a “tolerance” of 2/10,000 of an inchethat is to say, about one- twenty-sixth of the thickness of a piece of tissue paper, an accuracy probably much closer than is required in the pro- duction of an ordinary automobile (in fact, it is really getting into the “watch- making” class). Electric and gas refrigeration still finds a vigorous rival in the older type of refrigerator and the artificial ice manufactured by so many companies throughout the country. There is a good example there of the admirable effect that competition often has. The ice companies realized at once that sharp competition has developed, con- taining the acute possibility of danger to their interests. So most of them have been stimulated to a new activity, becoming more alert and energetic. They have undertaken research, They have improved their customary func- tions, striving to obviate such features as were considered disadvantageous or a basis for complaint. They have spent large sums of money in educating the ice man to render prompt, courteous, and efficient service, The ice companies have been show- ing a keener interest in the firms that manufacture ice refrigerators, the lat- ter, in turn, have “got busy” and in- creased very materially the refrigerat- ing efficiency of their output. And all this has put the mechanical- refrigeration people ‘up to their toes” in even keener enterprise—trying to bring their own products constantly nearer to perfection. It is a salutary rivalry, in which there is evidently “room enough for all,’ and we con- sumers of refrigeration benefit. And more freely used is the so-called “dry ice’ which has lately been intro- duced. Occasionally you will find an ice-cream store advertising that, with a container equipped with an appro- priate charge of this “dry ice”, it is possible to take ice cream on a 12-hour trip and still have it satisfactorily firm. This “dry ice” is frozen carbon dioxide, with which we all became acquainted in our physiologies, Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahren- heit, and ice may be safely handled in the bare hands without serious con- sequences, although under certain con- ditions it may result in discomfort. But carbon dioxide freezes at 112 de- grees Fahrenheit below zero, with the result that, if “dry ice’ is handled in the bare hands, injury is almost certain to result; and such are our inconsisten- cies of phrasing that in the trade these are referred to as “dry-ice burns.” One of the difficulties that is being experienced in developing commercial uses for dry ice arises from the fact that it is too cold, and unless carefully controlled will freeze the products with which it comes in contact. If you place a piece of beefsteak between two blocks of dry ice, in perhaps 20 to 30 minutes it will be frozen so hard as to break like a tile if you drop it on the floor, Truly an unusual misadventure for a beefsteak! Our friends in the refrigerating in- dustry are bringing out a number of other products, each with its own dis- tinctive qualities—‘carbice”, “‘hydrice,” and “flakeice.”” Tomorrow it may be something else, But one of the most important new applications of refrigeration appears to be the so-called ‘quick freezing.” Heretofore we have felt that it requir- ed a temperature of 20 degrees Fahren- heit, or perhaps even zero, applied for, say, six hours, in order to chill beef or fish or other products placed in cold storage, and afterward these products were maintained at a temperature de- signed to prevent deterioration. It has also been observed that in freezing meat in this manner there was a loss of perhaps 5 per cent. in weight; and subsequently when the meat thawed there was a further loss of juices, which was taken as a matter of course. But not long ago some of these learned laboratory experts got busy. In the production of sugar the size of the grain can be controlled by the length of time the sugar is left in the crystalizers, In other words, these crystals grow the more the process is prolonged. Similarly, it is now under- stood that if meat is frozen slowly, ice crystals in the meat are given time to grow and grow to such a size that they destroy the walls of the cells, making it possible for the juices to run away. If, instead of doing this, the meat or fish is suddenly subjected to a tem- perature of perhaps 50 degrees below zero, it is frozen so much more quickly that the crystals do not have time to grow and the cell walls are not de- stroyed. The result appears to be a - greatly improved product—in fact, one that is substantially the same as the fresh product. But a number of other considerations enter here. In order to freeze quickly, it is also desirable to have the meat or fish cut as required for final use; and so instead of having the whole fish or the whole beef quarter as a unit, we now have fish fillets, lamb chops, beef- steaks, or roasts cut while the food is WHEN You have a customer buying SEEDS He expects you to furnish Seeds that GROW Reliable Seeds will produce more PROFITS “Pine Tree Field Seeds” are reliable DISTRIBUTED BY ALFRED J. BROWN SEED CO. 25 Campau Ave. Grand Rapids, Michigan C.W. MILLS Paper Co. 204-206 Elisworth Avenue 1 Block South and | Block West of Union Station GRAND RAPIDS MICHIGAN DISTRIBUTORS FOR Certainteed Roofing, Ohio Blue Tip Matches Mansfield Cord Tires, Vortex Soda Fountain Service, Burts Drinking Cups, Reach Sporting Goods. JOBBERS OF Wrapping Paper, Paper Containers, Crepe Paper, Toilet Paper, Paper Napkins and Towels, Woodenware, Cordage, Clotheslines, Brooms and Brushes. Printed Sales Books, Gloves and Mittens, Hosiery, Pipes, Purses, and many other specialties. OUR AIM Is To Serve and Help the Retailer To Succeed. Unless We Succeed In This—We Will Not Be Successful. w — ~~ nthe. ath. .tle....thee...tihin..ehe,...tae...en...ir.she,.tte ste. .thin. the shee. she shin. she.shee..rte.otie..ehee.thtdin. ee...tlliir. eli. tallde,..ethee..ellder.. ater... talle tellin. allt. 38 perfectly fresh, and then frozen quick- ly and sharply, in which state it can be preserved for months (in fact, in- definitely), and yet when you thaw it out it is practically as good as in the original state. Since these products are now cut into such small dimensions before shipment, we discover that we have a number of very important savings for the bones and other waste parts. Instead of being merely a nuisance to the house- wife, and wasted as they formerly were, these waste pieces, are now converted into merchantable products at the fac- tory. Also, you can ship perhaps three times as many fish fillets in a given refrigerator car as was previously pos- sible. Having such a large bulk of frozen fish in a car means that it can travel much farther without damage (even without thawing around the car doors); and for really long journeys the car needs to be re-iced much less frequently. The new process is of special importance in the fishing in- dustry, because it affords the people of inland towns the opportunity of ob- taining salt-water and fresh-water fish, in practically fresh condition, trans- ported from distant places. You can even ship these products by parcel post. By using a special container, not too expensive or elab- orate, but resembling more or less the ordinary corrugated fiber box, it is pos- sible to ship frozen lamp chops, fish fillets, or lobster by mail for distances of several hundred miles and yet have these products solidly frozen when they reach their destination. This, at MICHIGAN TRADESMAN least, appears to be something new under the sun. But the business end (apart from these technical phases) of this industry is far from being perfected as yet. Many problems remain to be solved before this whole program can _ be made of maximum value to the public. Methods are being studied in order to determine how these frozen fish fillets, beefsteaks, lamb chops, roasts, and the like can be carried through the wholesaling and retailing operations and finally placed in the hands of the housewife in perfect con- dition. Experiments having been con- ducted at Springfield, Massachusetts, which have proved most interesting and apparently justify the conclusion that, in the near future, housewives all over the country will have offered to them an entirely new, yet old, product —that is to say, the old product in a new and improved condition. It is still too early to say very much regarding the possibilities of handling fruits, vegetables, berries, melons, and the like, by this new process. Some experiments have been most encourag- ing; in fact, in the Springfield experi- ments one cf the articles that has com- manded most attention is fresh spinach. The consumption of fresh vegeta- bles, fresh berries, especially out of season, could be enormously increased to the advantage of our farmers if some such method as this quick freez- ing process could be developed that would enable the housewife to secure an acceptable product at a satisfactory price. Think what this will mean in now attacking that perennial problem of the surplus of farm perishables! For these reasons I believe that this progress in the refrigerating industry may prove to be of the greatest im- protance to our entire population—the farmer as the producer, the city dweller as the consumer. I think that you would be amazed (as I was) if you could look at the list of industries that employ refrigeration to-day. you think there are? No fewer than two hundred and twenty — and they range from hat making and_ corset manufacturer to the use of carbon- dioxide snow for the removal of birth- marks; culture to piano manufacture; from chewing gum to snuff; and from the manufacture of matches to the prolongation of animal hibernation (for silk worms, lady bugs, and such). Those, of course, are merely some of the more unusual uses; I need hardly speak about the bakeries, carbonated beverages, great cold-stor- How many such industries do from mushroom age plants, creameries, dairies, oyster handling, pickling works, refrigerator cars, sausage making, yeast manufac- ture, and so on. _, Refrigeration has varied uses in the oil industry. The manufacture of lubri- cating oil—which you motorists now demand in quires the removal of natural paraffine such large quantities—re- and other waxes, and this is accom- plished most efficiently by refrigera- tion. head gas by means of refrigeration has added materially.to the supply of high- grade gasoline available. Also, the condensation of casing Forty-seventh Anniversary One of the novel and very important applications of refrigeration is for freezing quicksand and water to enable tunnels and shafts to be sunk through such soils in foundation work, in mines and other places, Such shafts have been sunk as far as 1,500 feet by freezing a circular wall of ice ten feet thick through sand strata at the danger point. precarious All of the larger manufacturers of fur garments, and many of the smaller ones, have their places equipped with refrigeration machinery to safeguard the furs from being attacked by moths. Refrigeration finds an application in hospital experiments with those pesky little parasites that physicians call bac- teria. A refrigerating machine is an absolute necessity for cooling the pow- der magazines on board our warships, being a factor in the prevention of disasters that might prove simply ghastly. Work is constantly being done by branches of the United States Govern- ment (such as the Department of Agri- culture and the Department of Com- merce) for the benefit of the refrigera- tion interests, which are also very ably served by the American Institute of Refrigeration, the National organiza- tion which represents every branch of the industry. It all forms a gigantic and varied activity—a vast and valuable business— springing from the successful human resolve (the typically American deter- mination) to control temperature con- ditions. Julius Klein. Barclay, Ayers & Bertsch Co. 321-323 Bond Avenue Grand Rapids, Michigan JOBBERS IN PIPE, VALVES, PUMPS, SINKS.. ROOFING, AND MILL SUPPLIES am a aaa en haar eases Forty-seventh Anniversary Old Town Jail Sells For $50. “Sweet Auburn,” the deserted village of Oliver Goldsmith, has an American rival in the sleepy hamlet of Sherman, lying twenty-five miles Northwest of Cadillac near the Manistee river. To-day Sherman has only its mem- ories of opulence during the saw mill days, two stores and thirty citizens in contrast to the 650 inhabitants who bustled about the “business district of several blocks in 1880. Some of the memories are tragic, others amusing. In the latter category is the transaction of Reuben D. Frederick, Sherman’s present justice of the peace, who as village president sold the jail a few years ago for $50. The jail and court house, the latter now used as a school building, were Sherman’s last vestiges of its position as the most important trading center between Manton and Traverse City. Once filled to over- flowing with bibulous lumberjacks, the ancient jail was moved to the farm of Charles Hagen, its new owner, who used it as a cow barn. To-day it is abandoned, Sherman sold the jail because it no longer could be used. The roof leaked and the rafters were tenanted by a colony of bats. The county seat had been moved to Cadillac about fifty years before. Four or five fires had wiped out most of the village, and a great deal of what remained was mov- ed to.other communities. The initial bad luck of the ill-fated sawmill town occurred thousands of years ago when the glacier moved down from the North, carving out lakes and valley from what to-day is Northern Michigan. Had the immense ice sheet left a flat spot near the place where Sanford Gasser, timber and land speculator, laid the beginnings of Sher- man in the ’60’s, history might have heen more kindly. {n the late ’70’s, Gasser caused to be circulated hundreds of pamphlets telling of the wonderful stores in Sher- man, of the three lawyers it had while Cadillac and’ Manton had none, of its skilled physicians, wide streets and ex- cellent The population continued to and the village seemed to lie on a permanent founda- tion of prosperity and_ security. The loss of the county seat in 1881 was a severe blow, for with it went many of the best families. The dis- couragement was forgotten, however, when it was learned that the Ann Ar- bor Railroad was pushing North to Frankfort. But instead of passing through Sherman, as everyone antici- pated, the route extended three miles South of town, where soon arose the rival community of Mesick. That vil- lage drew the trade from Sherman. Sherman vowed to have a railroad of its own, and a few years later of- fered the Manistee and Northeastern $5,000 if they would extend their line to the village. After studying the lo- cality, the railroad heads accepted the offer with the condition that the sta- tion be located a mile from the limits. The hilly character of the ground made it impossible for the yards to be laid nearer, they said. A railroad a mile away was as bad 2s none at all, Sherman reasoned, as home sites. swell MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 39 it recalled the $5,000. The tracks miss- ed the village by enough margin to induce promoters to establisn another community, Glengarry. With a large store, which contained a dozen clerks, a chair factory and a railroad that Sherman didn’t get. Glengarry joined Mesick as a business rival. The pro- moter invited the Sherman merchants to transfer their stock to the new town, but they refused to move, Then came the fires. : “The first fire burned ten buildings, nearly half of the business district,” Frederick revealed. “Eighteen months later, or in 1910, a blaze started on the other sides of the street, and the rest of the stores on this thoroughfare were consumed. Both fires aroused suspicion. Another destroyed the re- maining store, which had been moved from a ‘side street. Additional fires in the meantime levelled a_ saloon, millinery shop and another store build- ing. Nothing was left but the resi- dences, the court house and the jail.” —_>~->____ Cutting Prices a Menace. There are a number of evils in every industry. It seems they are almost inherent in the conduct of business. At least some business men seem to hold the opinion they are necessary. This is not only erroneous, but is not very far removed from being criminal, There should be a concerted effort to eliminate all elements that savor of evil, and one of these is price cutting. The price cutter in any business is a menace. He is one of the obstacles that do as much or more than most other things to undermine, not only his competitor’s business, but to injure his own in many instances. The man wno cuts prices with the hope of in- creasing his sales is making a grave error. It is possible for a time to in- crease the volume of sales by this method. But the serious drawback to this precedure is that it acts very much like a boomerang. The come-back, and certain, often hurts the price cutter more than anyone else. In view of this one phase of the mat- ter, does it pay to cut prices? There are other reasons why this practice should be done away with in case, this is very every It is unfair competition, and it certainly leads to disaster, dissatisfac- tion, disappiontment and demise—the latter in a business way. These are four buy ‘D’s” that should be fought against. They spell ruin, and who wants to court this most unwelcome visitor? Every man is entitled to a fair profit. Every distributor should feel that fair dealing, honest endeavor and persistent labor will bring their own rewards, and that by offering his customers only the best in high grade merchandise, there will be no reason for the excuse that by lowering prices the volume of sales will be increased and the profits mul- tiplied, —_ +e Children Are a Compensation. “My wife used to play the piano a lot, but since the children came she doesn’t have time.” “Children are a they?” comfort, aren’t i ie eas Sherwood Hall Co.Ltd. GRAND RAPIDS WHOLESALE AUTOMOTIVE AND RADIO SUPPLIES Are these supplies being properly retailed in your vicinity? If not, get in touch with us. CAWL7O Over Sixty Years Service and Satisfaction in Western Michigan SO FT IT OT OT IT TT TT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT I ITT IT IT I NT IO IT IT IT ~ ia BARCLAY WEST MORELAND TRUST CO., GREENSBURG, PA. HOPKINS & DENTZ, ARCHITECTS, NEW YORK. NACHTEGALL MANUFACTURING CO. 237-245 Front Avenue, S.W. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Manufacturers of High Grade Bank, Store and Office Fixtures DOROTHY DIX. Paid Woman Writer in United States. [Dorothy Dix wrote the Woman's World department of the Tradesman every week for over twenty years, re- linquishing her connection with the publication to conform to an exclusive contract she entered into with a New York publication. } The Woman Who Laughs. The announcement, recently made in a society journal, that a class had been formed in New York for the purpose of studying the art of laughing, will suggest to many people of refined sensibilities that a long-felt want is about to be filled, and they will cherish a lively hope that it will find many imitators throughout the length and breadth of the country. We are often told that God’s crowning gift to man- kind was the ability to laugh, but when we hear the shrill, mirthless cackle or the boorish guffaw that is so often made to do duty for laughter, we can but wonder if we shouldn’t have been as well off, and a dea! more peaceful if mankind had been left on the same plane with the other animals in this respect. Yet how we should miss it if we had no laughter? It is the music to which the world dances and above all, in woman, is the one undis- guisable, betraying characteristic touch of nature they can never hide. If a man may “smile and smile and be Highest man or a villain still,” a woman’s smile is even more deceptive. No sensible person would ever attempt to judge a woman by her smile. It may mean anything or nothing. It may be her quick ap- preciation of an amusing incident or the bright herald of a joyous thought or merely a mask she holds up between herself and the world and_ behind which she sits. impenetrably concealed. Many a woman has smiled to hide a broken heart, but she has never laugh- gd. Laughter does not lend itself to deceit. It. must bubble up from a spring of mirth or else it is fraud so palpable that even a child can tell it. In the expressive slang phrase - our laughter is “a dead give away,” and this is even more true of women than men. No doubt one reason of this is because women, as a rule, laugh far less than men. When men get to- gether they tell good stories and jokes. Women sit solemnly around and dis- cuss their clothes and ailments. Men’s love of a laugh even goes to the extent of playing idiotic practical jokes on each other; but no woman would ex- pect to find any comedy in a practical joke of which another woman was the victim. Instead, she knows well enough it would be nothing but tragedy from start to finish and that she would have made an enemy for life. Anyone who is rash enough to try to tell the average woman a funny story knows it is one of the most dis- couraging things in life. One-half of the time she doesn’t see the point and the other half she looks at you with a weary expression that seems to say, “Oh, I see what you are driving at, and it makes me very, very tired.” MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Mark Twain used to say that he tried all his new jokes on his wife, and that when one of them made her smile he knew it was funny enough to con- vulse the rest of the world; and it will be generally found, I think, that any- thing that makes a woman laugh is genuinely, unroariously amusing, Perhaps this is why women’s laugh- ter is apt to be so characteristic. Per- sonally, I have a theory that there is no other thing that is quite so good a key to a woman’s real nature as her laugh. Just take, for instance, the woman who laughs merrily and easily and heartily. You may depend on her every time for being a satisfactory friend—true, loyal, honest and _ con- siderate—such a one as it is a com- fort to know and a pleasure to live with. She always sees the funny side of things, and you couldn’t put her in such adverse circumstances that she I were a man contemplating matri- mony [ shouldn’t ask to see a girl’s church letter or her diploma from the cooking school. I should simply listen to her laugh, and if she could do that honestly, heartily, infectiously, I should embrace the opportunity and take the chacnes on her other faults. I should know that she had too keen a sense of humor to run off with cranks and fads:and too much percep- tion of the ridiculous to expect a plain business man to go about posing in stained glass attitudes like absurd heroes in novels. [ should also know that she would be capable, upon occa- sion, of looking at life from a man’s point of view and sympathizing with it, and that she was a feminine phil- vsopher who would make the best of everything, me _ included. All the schools in the world cannot teach that kind of woman anything about the Dorothy Dix. couldn’t extract a gleam of amuse- ment out of it and a ray of sunshine for herself and others. Go on a journey with her and she doesn’t leave a trail of lamentations as long as the railroad schedule behind her because the porter didn’t devote his time ex- clusively to her or she couldn’t reg- ulate the hotels where she stopped. Get caught in a rain with her and she doesn't scowl at you like you were personally responsible for ruining her best skirt. Instead, she finds amuse- ment in watching people crossing the street or her own bedraggled condition appeals to her mirth and her infectious good humor is like a rift in the storm. A bad cook or an incompetent servant doesn’t reduce her to pessimism and tears. On the other hand, her amus- ing anecdotes of their shortcomings almost atone for overdone steak and underdone bread. As a wife, she is incomparable, If art of laughing; but if they can teach others that accomplishment the world will have reason to rise up and call them blessed. This kind of laughing-is not to be confounded with giggling. The wom- an who giggles is the greatest bore in the world. She is silly and shallow, and is the kind of friend who wears your affection out by her unreasonable demands, and who, when she finally gets married, leaves off giggling and goes to whining about everything that goes wrong. There is neither mirth nor intelligence in a giggle. Tell a woman afflicted with this malady something funny and she giggles. Tell her something sad and she giggles again. It is all the same to her. She only does it because somebody has been crazy enough to say she had pretty teeth or she has an idea that it seems fascinating and vivacious when in reality it is a ghastly travesity of mirth Forty-seventh Anniversary that makes the most hardened shudder. The woman who “snickers” is of an- other type. This kind of laughter may not be catalogued in the dictionary, but every woman knows it. It is a little flicker of sound and it generally belongs to a woman with steely-look- ing eyes and thin lips and a general ability to “get there.’ She never laughs outright. She never laughs with people, but always at them. The things that strike her as amusing are always the little peculiarities of others and her laugh stings like a blow in the face. We all know her and fear her. The sweet young matron with no pre- tensions to be literary, but who is do- ing her honest best to make her club a success, looks up from the paper she is reading and, catching the wintry .gleam of that “snicker,” falters and grows miserable with dread. The young girl who has only a fresh, un- trained voice, but who is singing some homely ballad with all her heart, hears the ghost of that laugh and stops sud- denly, her pleasure all spoiled and her innocent enjoyment gone. At a crowd- ed reception the hostess has only to hear one note of that malicious, hate- ful sound to know that -her refresh- ments are being dissected and her decorations shredded. Beware of mak- ing friends with a woman whose laugh is a snicker. The day will surely come when she will turn upon you and rend you. : The woman whose laugh is cold and murthless is generally insincere. It little sound with no brightening of the eyes to bear it com- pany. She laughs because she thinks it is the proper thing to do, and by the same token she chooses her friends in the same way, and with an eye single to what they can do to advance her interests. When she courts you, reflect on what she expects of you,by way of return. You can count on her belonging to the fashionable thing in the way of societies, that she will patronize the most fashionable church and that her theories will do credit to an angel. But you will seldom find her giving alms to the beggar at her back door or helping the poor creature who, all unworthy as she may be, is still hungry and cold and of one clay with us all, You can count on that part of the role being filled by some woman whose laughter and tears lie so close together she finds no difficulty in rejoicing and weeping with all who are happy or oppressed. It is often said that a woman’s greatest weapon is her tears. I don’t believe it. In a little while we grow everlastingly weary of complaints and mourning, and the person who con- tinually weeps is, as Mr. Mantalini used to say “such a demd damp, moist, unpleasant body” that we flee from her; but we never grow tired of bright- ness, of a brave, cheerful spirit that, however the world goes, still turns a gay face up to the sunshine and finds something to laugh about. No other charm equals that; no other spell can be laid upon us so potent; and in all sober earnestness, there is nothing bet- ter worth a woman’s studying than the art of learning how to laugh. Dorothy Dix, is a_ shallow 1s ee eG ee h d | O Est a Re Re as en Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN : 41 A House With A History = e : 7 . red ie fd WHOLESALE vy 1873-1930—Fifty-Seven Years of Successful Service to the Drug Trade of Michigan CAOL7O We enjoy the courtesy of more visiting buyers than any other Drug House in this part of the country CW LO HAZELTINE & PERKINS DRUG COMPANY Grand Rapids MICHIGAN Manistee teint silk Ales anita Msn inten hao 42 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary RAISING YOUTH TO MANHOOD. How the Family System Progresses in Competency. ° Children’s needs are, I think, intelli- gently planned for in more homes now than a generation ago. Because the failures of the home are much more frequently taken to the courts does not mean that there was not wretched un- happiness in the old home, but that, for the children, a broken home is a great handicap. It is therefore a mat- ter for congratulation that in only about one-third of the divorces granted are there children involved, On the whole, I think parents ap- proach home-making with more under- standing of its fundamental values and their opportunities and obligations than they did a half century ago. The fact that wages are higher in the United States than in other coun- tries should not make us less con- cerned over American wage levels. A considerable proportion of the children in the. United States are reared in homes in which the family income is less than one thousand dollars a year. To make a one-thousand-dollar in- come provide a minimum standard of health, education and comfort for a family of five would certainly require the skill of a five-thousand-dollar per- son to expend it. Infant mortality is higher as wages go down and twice as high among ba- bies born to homes in which two or more persons per room live as in the least crowded homes. The social prob- lems created by bad housing may be more serious than the health problems. Planning, building and furnishing a home that will promote the welfare of children means consideration by the parents of the interests of children. It does not require the expenditure of great amounts to make a home of this sort, but it does mean enough for beauty and comfort. All the scientific study of household equipment has this end in view. The last census showed an increas- ing number of homes in which no ser- vants were employed. Most American women are in a very real sense their own home-makers. Labor-saving equipment and efficient organization of the household routine are essential if there is to be time for the important job of child training. One of the many handicaps that the children of the poor must overcome is the fact that the mother is over- worked, that the house is too small for the family, too small for company. It has no books and pictures and, if - the family lives in a tenement, no gar- den and no play space. There is no happy, comfortable leisure. Instead of being something to love and be proud of, many American homes are mean ‘and squalid. But these material possessions, al- though important, are not everything. It is not the house or the furniture, but the parents who create the spiritual values of the home. A limited income might be said to serve as a temptation to right doing, but the grinding poverty which means an absence of all the physical qualities _ which go to make a home comfortable often destroys the spirit. When there is unemployment, uncertainty whether there will be money for food and coal to-niorrow, anxiety is not easy to con- ceal and faith and hope are hard to hold. Security is an important background for child development. That is why unemployment or even underemploy- ment and low wages have a social as well as an individual aspect. As to home ownership, I know of no scientific study of the contribution it makes to character development, {I should expect a showing in favor of home ownership, however. A sense of security, of attachment which is a great comfort to children, comes with their own homes. Even the struggle that comes with paying off the mortgage, if not too heavy, de- velops that sense of unity and solidar- ity that is of great help to children, But even a house that is carefully planned, beautifully and harmoniously furnished, that has lovely grounds, all the things that ought to make happy homes for children, is sometimes not a temptation to right doing. Those who have dealt with delinquent children would be surprised to find how fre- quently the absence of affection and the presence of conflict—especially conflict between the father and mother—is the explanation of misconduct on the part of the child. Or perhaps too high a value is placed on the house and the housekeeping so that no one is comfortable in it, For- tunately that kind of housekeeping by which women used to be judged suc- cesses or failures is disappearing and home-making is being stressed, A somewhat disorderly household, one in which to be sure there is always a pursuit of order, but in which the disorder hobbies bring is not only tol- erated but encouraged, where the paints and the paintings, the books and all the previous collections of children may be exhibited, is the house which children love. The fundamental rights of children can be secured only by real homes for children. Miss Grace Abbott, Director Federal Children’s Bureau. —_++-___ Individual Disobedience Destructive of Self-Rule. Under the protection of Providence our fathers hewed out this imighty Nation and created for us a priceless legacy, which, in sheer gratitude to them, in simple justice to ourselves, we must cherish, safeguard, and pass on to posterity. We have a country worth living in, worth fighting for; and, whatever may be our shortcomings in the form of government or in administering it, we have the best Government in the world, because it rests on the people and not on the few; because it rests on persons and not alone on property; because it rests on the free develop- ment of public opinion and not on the authority of an aristocracy. We have a land of homes. And, somehow, the homeland is where the sunshine is more dazzling; it is where the clouds seem more like polished domes; it is where the flowers seem sweeter and have brighter hues; it is where the ripple of the streams seems more musical; it is where the birds sing sweeter and have a brighter plum- mage; it is where we long to be when in distant lands, and like the boys and girls who saw service across the seas, we believe as the poet sang: “Be it ever so humble, there’s no place like home,” ; So long as this same spirit prevails among the American people generally, as it has in the past, this great Republic will never retreat, Its flag is the only flag that has never known defeat. Where the flag leads we follow; for we know that the hand which bears it onward is the unseen hand of God. We follow the flag and independence is ours. We follow the flag and Na- tionality is ours. We follow the flag and oceans are ruled. We follow the flag and in Occident and Orient tyran- ny fails and barbarism is subdued. We follow the flag at Trenton and Valley Forge; at Saratoga and upon the crimson seas; at Buena Vista and Chapultepec; at Gettysburg and Mis- sionary Ridge; at Santiago and Manila Bay; at Chateau Thierry and the Ar- gonne Forest. And everywhere and always it means larger liberty, nobler opportunity, and greater human hap- piness, for everywhere and always it means the blessings of the greater Re- public. And so God leads, we follow the flag, and the Republic never re- treats. There is a widespread tendency to disobey the law and to look upon con- stituted authority with disrespect. Even some of those in high position who have taken the oath to support the Constitution have opened their food- gates of oratory in opposition to the very form of our Government, and in their estimation it stands convicted of momentous achievements for the bet- terment of humanity. The minor delinquencies of this great Government, inevitable in its splendid advancement, are held up to scorn as indications of inherent faults in our whole political organization. Estab- lished customs have been criticised and ridiculed, our politics derided as vicious beyond comparison, and an immorality written into practical American ethics that does not exist and never has ex- isted except in the imaginations of the iconoclasts. If a small portion of the energy and enthusiasm of these iconoclasts were used in upholding law and order, our present Governmental system, and the hands of those entrusted with its ad- ministration, there would be less tur- moil and dissatisfaction. William G. Conley. Governor of West Virginia. —_2>++___ Effective Balance of Representative Government. Government is not something entire- ly outside the daily lives of the people. It is not something which only a part of the people are concerned with. All branches of the Government, in- clding the Depaurtment of Justice, are something -which is of vital interest and importance to the rich and the poor, the old and the young, the learn- ed and the ignorant, the strong and the weak, It is the purpose of all branches of Government to give to each and all the people the rights which belong to them as citizens. If it were not for our public officials, the rights of the poor and the weak would be disregarded and the strong and the rich would be with- out restraint, When the Colonies achieved their in- dependence nearly 150 years ago, and when the new Government of the Unit- ed States was organized by adopting a Constitution, it provided for both Federal and state governments. Un- der our state governments there are local divisions which have their sep- arate duties and functions. Each of these governments, local, state and Na- tional, is divided into three branches known as the executive, the legislative and the judicial, The American Government is some- times called an experiment in democ- racy. It is not, however, a pure de- mocracy but rather what is called a representative democracy. And it is this representative feature which con- stitutes the experiment, Before the Constitution was adopted in 1787, the Colonies were governed by Articles of Confederation, which did not have a division of powers. That plan was a complete failure. The Continental Congress made the laws, interpretated the laws and executed and enforced the laws. This was only in theory. In fact, they were not able to execute and enforce any laws, The Colony of Massachusetts had already tried the division of powers into three branches. It had been such a success that the convention which framed the new Constitution agreed upon that plan. Our forefathers deserve great credit for creating this system with division of powers. They deserve even greater credit for having divided the powers in such even balance that the Government has operated under this division with little friction, It was planned that no branch should be controlled by either of the others, and yet that no branch would be en- tirely independent of either of the oth- ers. The Government is incomplete unless all work in harmony together. The laws which are passed by the Legislature would have no practical value unless there were courts of jus- tice to determine the rights of the people when disputes arise. Neither would they have any practical value unless there is an executive to see that the laws are properly enforced. The courts determine whether stat- utes and ordinances are constitutional. When those statutes are of doubtful meaning, they determine their true in- tent and apply those laws to the con- troversies that arise between citizens. Carrington T. Marshall, Chief Justice State of Ohio. Twenty Cents Would Stagger Him. The story is told of a Scotchman who walked into a drug store and ex- claimed, “Give me 10 cents worth of poison. I want to commit suicide.” The clerk, much exicited, shouted to the manager, “How can I stop him?” The manager replied: “Charge him 20 cents,” soa, at. 8 apa aeeaieemIR RS tees Neitcts ~~ @ : Tepes ~ntissoasas i cesses - - > . . . f 1 : me aancnan eee ERI eee RRR MNRRER aS RN ERE UR ~PR hy i % : > ee ee i Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN SO TO I I I I I I I I IT I IT I IT I IT IT I I IT IE I I IT IT IT IT IE I OI I I IT II IT IT IT I IT ET IE IE IT I IT ~~ ate ad an. OT OT I I TT I OT I I I TT OE I IT IT I IT I IT TT IT TT ee The House of Quality RADEMAKER-DOOGE Grocer Company Grand Rapids, Michigan Distributors of Peter Pan Peas Peter Pan Corn Peter Pan Fruits Fremont Canned Vegetables Larabee Flour Mary-Lou Flour Bouquet Tea Ra-Do Teas Morning Cup Coffee Colonial Coffee Old Time Coffee Chicken of the Sea Tuna Fish American Beauty Oats Every Day Evaporated Milk Elks Pride Catsup Puritan Malt The House of Service i i ae tn ole an oth colle cn celin afin ale eitecen ain ain, ann cln. sn alin tintin ttn nnn nn an . ee oe oe ow ow, oe en __a_oe__oe__cfie__cfe__cie_.cfin..cfn..ctncie.sfinsftesten,tiie. ste ste. stee stn, seste..steste..ater.stre..ctee...tie,.tlee..tttir. ther. tlie ..aAlitirn tlie. tlie. tltir. tlie. lien atin atl. nell. .itllitra ait. atten Ltlltn atltt.ntltn atlt-ttliie..elr.-Lall..-Ltlitrn. tiller n alte nttllinn Lelia aitlenn aL. Se ee a ag Ree eae pn ere 44 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary Competency of Modern Home To Raise Good Citizens. There is no institution in our social and economic life which has been af- fected by the changes of the past quarter of a century more positively and with more far-reaching implica- tions than the American home, The changes that have taken place in the home in the last twenty-five years come in for more discussion and criticism perhaps than the changes in any other institution of society, These changes are not all bad. There has never been any time when the home influences were more con- ducive to the development of the right type of citizezn, capable of meeting the problems of society as they exist, than the home to-day of the average Amer- ican family. The home of fifty years ago would have been a complete fail- ure in preparing boys and girls to meet the problems of 1930. Some one has said that the high school senior of to-day knows as miuch as Socrates knew. In the large amount . of knowledge the high school senior is expected to have the home neces- sarily must make an important con- tribution, The contributions of science, modern conveniences, the improvements in elec- trical appliances, and the apartment house movement, have brought about conditions for which the homemaker, prospective and actual, needs special training, Why train a girl of to-day in the con- struction and handling of the fireless cooker and the old-fashioned ice box? On the contrary she must be trained in the care of a gas or electric range and the electric refrigerator, because these conveniences are rapidly being placed in reach of families of even moderate income. These suggestions are rather ideal- istic for the rural home. But changes are taking place so rapidly we may ex- pect anything to-day. In this day of the highly developed bakery, of the tremendously improved methods of preserving foods, of elec- tric refrigeration and the small apart- ment quarters, lessening family storage spaces, with the improved transporta- tion facilities, placing these advantages in the reach of almost the entire popu- lation, and the development of the clothing industry, placing well-made clothing in reach of practically every individual, we must change the em- phasis in our home economics teach- ing. It is to be more a problem of selection and care of food and clothing than in the past, We are to-day concerned chiefly with the larger problems of the physical, social and mental health of the whole family. The home economics teachers cannot shirk their responsibility in con- nection with these things that make for better family relations and child health, improved social status, and higher levels of our standards of living. Problems of management necessarily occupy a larger place in our modern course of instruction than ever in the history of the country, management from the standpoint of both time and money. It has been said that the woman in the average American home spends from 80 per cent. to 85 per cent. of the family income. If this be true, what can be of more importance to the future homemakers of America than that they be trained to become efficient managers? All these things lead us to this one conclusion — that in this new era, with all its evidences of progress, those people employed in ‘the vocational schools who are shouldered with the responsibility of teaching our people how to utilize our natural resources, how to make the proper adjustment to an entirely new situation, how to take advantage of all the good things science and invention have brought us in order to lighten the load and to liberate our people from economic, social and spiritual conditions that inefficien- cy forced upon us, are making a tremendous contribution to the eco- nomic, social and spiritual life of the Nation, T. E. Brown. — 22 >____ Wait For the Lawyer. Two pickpockets had been following an old man whom they had seen dis- play a fat wallet. Suddenly he turned off and went into a lawyer’s office. “Good lord,” said one. “A fine mess. Wot'll we do now?” “Easy,” said his mate, lighting a cigarette. “Wait for the lawyer.” ———_--2-+__ If you want to enjoy doing a thing, do it because you want to, not because you have to, AN ASSET TO THE COMMUNITY Wholesale Grocer Vital Factor in Economical Life, The wholesale grocer is a vital fac- tor within the community that he serves. Most vital because of the class of merchandise that is his stock in trade, and vital secondarily by reason - of his volume of sales. his employment of wage earners, and his commercial standing, As an agent in such a function, the wholesale grocer, as we have known him, has done more to prolong’ life with the supplying of good foods, than any other agency. It has been the pride of the wholesale grocer to select with the utmost care, the quality of the Berner. items that he offers for sale. Especial- ly is this true, if he brands those prod- ucts with his own name or label. He has been an important factor in the building up of what has become great manufacturing institutions, through his part in furnishing them an economical and efficient means of dis- tribution, when those firms were in the infant industry stage. He has had a decided place in assist- ing the canning industry to a more stable financial condition. There were days when the lowly canner was all that the word lowly conveys. When he was. without sufficient financial means and he went to the wholesale grocer, through his brokers, six months and a year ahead of his canning season, and sold his entire anticipated pack on contracts. He would then take those contracts to his banker and with such security obtain the money to carry on his canning activity. Upon the com- pletion of the packing season, the wholesale grocer took into his ware- houses an anticipated twelve months’ supply of such commodities. Under such practices, the wholesale grocer’s business, especially with sea- sonably supplied products, became a highly speculative one. He studied and knew his markets of supply and antici- pated the demands to be made upon him. He drove sharp bargains, and the greater the needs of the canner finan- cially, the more sharp were the bar- gains, The wholesale grocer could and would figure upon a profit from ex- petted market advances. In justice, it must be stated that quite often he had to pocket losses from market declines. In those same days he was the sole source of supply for the individual re- tail grocer, who many times was a per- son who had moved into town from a farm which did not pay. This is a day of a new order of things, Many of the old things have passed away, of which the two most outstand- ing’ are: (a) No longer is the whole- sale grocery business a speculative one, but a merchandising proposition; (b) that he no longer occupies the whole- sale grocery distribution field, as his own right and property. Assuming that the time of demarca- tion was during or immediately after the kaiser’s war, it came upon the wholesale grocery business on a solid basis. Then speculation, in the sense it had been known, was removed and losses from inflated war values of in- ventory resulted that erased completely many of these solid institutions from the field. Should there have been a need for the banks of the country to have called in their grocery loans, in the six-year period following the war, at least 50 per cent. of the wholesale grocers would have been forced to have closed their doors. It was a hard and trying experience for the men at the head of these insti- tutions to forget their speculative prac- tices and habits. Many lost the zest of the game with this change, and many could not adapt themselves to such a new order of things. So that with all respect due to those giants of the in- dustry in those building days, it has taken a period of years to teach a new and oncoming generation the new prin- ciples of the business, Competition among wholesale gro- cers as they were once operating was not so menacing, but rather good for the industry. But at the same war period the chain store factor became a menacing one, to the wholesale grocer, A new form of so-called monster ap- peared in the arena of commercial ac- tivity. Many thought that it called for combat and went out to give battle, and as a rule rather disastrously. With the advent of the chain store and its distribution depots, a replace- ment of many unsightly and unsanitary retail stores with attractive, cleanly and pleasing ones, another real condition . iF ‘ e- \ é —_—_- OT eat ae ee HR Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 4 . * } Foo aaa emg ° od t Y — sai a ’ ape: SUSE 3 « 2.____ Twenty Ways To Trace Delinquent Debtors. As it sometimes becomes necessary for the merchant to turn detective in order to locate those who have moved without paying their bills, the following plans suggested by a retail credit man- ager who has used them all with suc- cess should be borne in mind whenever cases of this sort occur: 1. Interview a number of the neigh- bors, not just one or two. 2. Send a telegram to the debtor’s last known address and note the report made by the telegraph company. 3. Inquire at the nearest doctors, dentists, drug stores, cobblers, and grocery stores. 4. Try the gas, electric, and tele- phone companies for change of ad- dress, credit records, and references. 5. Find out if the debtor belonged to a lodge or club. 6. Investigate the state records of automobile owners’ and drivers’ 1li- censes, 7. Endeavor to locate records of other property owned in the city. 8. Check the chattel mortgages re- corded and confer with other creditors. 9. Follow the clues presented by the movements of other members of the family, si 10. Inquire at the nearest school regarding the children, if any, and their change of address. 11. Look through the general index of Justice Court suit instituted and see the plaintiffs in any of these. 12. Secure former address from old directories and question those in the vicinity, 13. Interview the local postman and other postal authorities for possible forwarding addresses for mail, 14. Try to find what trucking com- pany moved the furniture and what its records show, 15. Make investigation at piaces where the debtor was formerly em- ployed. 16. Inquire of railroads and other transportation companies. 17. Check any possible records at police station in the vicinity. 18. Inquire at the church to which the debtor’s family belonged. 19. Try the expedient of sending a dummy express package and watch the report made. 20. Secure all data available through the telephone company. Fear uses up vitality faster than work, <-> Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN The Brand You Know By HART! Hart Brand canned foods are known throughout the nation for theirnatural flavor and uniformly fine quality, for nothing is left to chance in Hart Brand production. Constant supervision and inspection start the moment the seeds are select- ed and planted, and extend until the crop is properly prepared in Hart Brand cans and placed on the grocer’s shelves. Only by controlling all of its produc- . tion all of the time can Hart Brand make definitely sure of its quality! That is why, for more than a third of a century, Hart Brand has stood con- sistently for the utmost in canned vegetables and fruits. From coast to coast, everywhere in America, leading grocers sell HART BRAND PRODUCTS, the quality goods which bring greater profits. W.R. Roach & Company GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN 49 50 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary FEWER DIPHTHERIA DEATHS Due To Immunization in Seven-Year Period. Diphtheria has for many years been considered a preventable disease. Ty- phoid fever and smallpox are the only diseases for which there have been immunizing procedures for a longer period than we have had for diphtheria. Years ago it was said that the small- pox rate in a community was the direct measure of the health intelligence of the community. Later when the source and the means of spread of typhoid fever was more widely understood, it was said that the typhoid fever-rate in a community was an accurate measure of the sanitary sense of the people of that community. It is now time for public health workers to accurately say that the diphtheria rate in a com- munity is the direct measure of the effectiveness of the public health pro- gram in that community. To put on and carry out a success- ful diphtheria prevention program re- quires the use cf practically every phase of public health technique. ‘The work must be begun with a sound educational program. This must begin with the physicians. If there is any confusion in the minds of any doc- tor in the community this confusion, with its blurred idea of the purpose and objective of the work, will be car- ried over to the people who should be reached. They are bound to give their patients the same blurred inaccurate picture which they themselves have. Next, the parents must be fully ac- quainted with the possibilities of diph- theria and with the possibilities of es- cape from the disease by modern means of immunization. Then the school superintendents, teachers and other persons in key posi- tions in the community must be im- bued with the fact that they know more about this program than the average person on the street. This makes it possible for them to take their proper position of leadership in this educational work. The second phase of the work which must be considered is publicity. The publicity for a successful diph- theria prevention campaign should be quiet, dignified and scientifically ac- curate. Newspapers will publish well- written, sound, scientific information. Almost without exception, editors say there is a dearth of such material and that they gladly publish it whenever it is presented in suitable form. The third factor that must be con- sidered is that of mass movement. Mass movements are necessary in the early stages of any new idea. Very few of us do any of the things we do by sheer force of intellect. Many of us know that we eat far too much and that two meals a day would be much better for us than three; however, when everyone else is going to the dinner table it creates a situation that makes even the most obese conspicu- ous unless he likewise gathers around the festive board. When a piece of public health work is absolutely new, and the idea is fall- ing on untilled soil, perhaps a cam- paign is the proper way to approach the problem. Campaigns on diphtheria prevention or tuberculosis examina- tions should be used only in the early days of a piece of work and should soon be discontinued. Campaigns depend too much upon emotionalism and. such undesirable emotions as fear and dread for their success. ‘We should, therefore, cease as soon as possible the idea of cam- paigns for doing things that we should do. We should eliminate all such un- wholesome emotions as fear and dread and replace them with such positive ideas as the desire for good health. From 1900 to 1920, Michigan had a diphtheria death rate per 100,000 popu- lation ranging from 12 to 27. With fluctuations from year to year, this rate pertained over this 20 year period. For the first half of this period this was less than the prevailing rate in the remainder of the registration area of the United States. The prevailing rate in the registration area was 43 in 1900 This rate has fallen greatly and steadily so that the rate for the past three years in the registration area has been less than eight. In 1921, Michigan had a devastating outbreak of diphtheria, involving 12,- 075 cases and resulting in 954 deaths. This established a rate of 25 deaths per 100,000 population, which was a higher rate than occurred in the previous 20 years. Largely as a result of this outbreak, the State Department of ‘Health was able to have the Legislature commit the State government to the policy of the free distribution of biologicals for the prevention and treatment of com- municable diseases. Since 1921 the State has distributed biologicals for the prevention and treatment of diph- theria, free of charge, without enquiry as to the ability of the parents to pay for the same. While free and unlimited diphtheria antitoxin has reduced the fatality of diphtheria cases somewhat, by far the larger reduction has come about in the number of cases that have been pre- vented by toxin-antitoxin. Along with the usual fluctuations from year to year statistics show a _ pronounced downward trend in diphtheria morbid- ity and fatality, following the free dis- tribution of diphtheria biologicals. The Department carried on one study of the number of susceptibles in the various counties after seven years of free distribution of toxin-antitoxin. At the end of the calendar year of 1929 the State had sent out enough material to immunize a few over 1,- 600,000 children. The purpose of these studies was to determine where this material had been used and what effect it had had on the diphtheria rates which prevailed prior to 1921. This study showed conclusively that it is the number of susceptible children in the community that determines the number of cases and the diphtheria rate. The study revealed that in the State of Michigan, in the year 1929, there were five cases of diphtheria for each 2000 of susceptible population in the various counties. The uniformity to which this attack rate pertains was quite striking. Over a period of years the rate of five cases per 2,000 sus- ceptible children remained quite con- stant. As a rough measure of the ef- fectiveness in reducing diphtheria rates we can feel that when we have ac- complished 2,000 immunizations we have protected that community from five cases of diphtheria that year and each succeeding year. We have been vigorously at work on diphtheria prevention for the past seven years and have some victories and some defeats as a result. We have seen the diphtheria rate, express- _ ed in deaths per 100,000, fall from 25 to 8, a reduction of over two-thirds in actual number of deaths and rate per 100,000 population. To reduce the incidence of diph- theria in Michigan in 1921 to the rate in 1929, it was necessary to immunize over 1,000,000 of the inhabitants. This seems like a large number but it has actually been accomplished and we are more vigorously at work than ever on the second million. It took seven years to accomplish the first million immunizations, but at the present rate we shall immunize the second million between three and four years. We know more about the technique and the methods to be used in pre- venting diphtheria than we do of most of the other public health problems, and the insight thus gained in carry- ing on diphtheria prevention work can be well utilized in carrying on child hygiene programs, dental hy- giene programs and other direct at- tacks in defense of the health of the people in our jurisdictions. Don M. Griswold, Deputy Health ‘Commissioner of Michigan. —___ « «-—__- Problems Raised By Extension of Federal Authority. Ever since the victory of the Federal arms of 1865 people have come to look more and more to the National Government at Washington to solve their problems. Amendments XIV and XV, when enforced, Amendment XVI, empower- ing Congress to collect taxes on in- comes, and Amendment XVIII regard- ing prohibition, together with many statutes growing out of “implied pow- ers,’ have changed our ‘Government fundamentally, in that they bring Na- tional officers in direct contact with the individual citizen. This tendency to place more power in the hands of the Federal Govern- ment, evident since the close of the Civil War, has doubtless been due in part to improved transportation and communication which make geographi- cal areas in fact smaller, and in part perhaps to the growth of great busi- ness combinations. There are now powerful influences which recognize no State lines and for which State and local governments are no match. But curious results have followed from the attempted concen- tration of power in Washington. Our Federal Government was one of limited authority and planned in a way to prevent the abuse of powers given it. Students of the Constitution have pointed with pride to the “checks and balances” provided. It was intended by the fathers that the two Houses of Congress should be a check on each other; that the execu- tives should check each other; and that the Supreme Court, through the inter- pretation of the Constitution, might check the other two branches. This government of checks and bal- ances still remains in a day of in- creased powers, frequently bringing confusion and helplessness rather than business efficiency in the discharge of these powers. The machinery of gov- ernment has not been revised to keep pace with the changed functions of government. This increase in power has kept the citizen’s eyes on the Government of Washington. Whereas he formerly did things for himself through personal effort or political activity in his local government he now looks to the Fed- eral Government to solve his problems. In administration this tendency has brought into being the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce and Labor. It urges new departments for such inter- ests as educational and public health and welfare, heretofore regarded as strictly local interests. Effort to exercise power always fol- lows the vesting of power. As great corporate interests have been accused of trying to control public officials, so the popular will attempts to direct the actions of these officials. This move- ment has been commonly known as the growth of democracy. Lincoln believed in a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.” Yet, judging from the Declaration of Independence and the writings of the fathers, even of such democrats as Jefferson, one comes to the conclusion that these early states- men were not so much interested in a government by the people as in a gov- ernment of the people, or as they ex- pressed it, in a government “by the consent of the governed.” In the ‘Constitution itself the method provided for electing the President presumed the selection of groups of men whose votes would be cast in such way that the ablest man in the Nation would be selected for President and the second ablest for Vice-President. But George Washington was selected after this fashion. only The Constitution was then changed in response to popular demand. Prac- tice has further modified the procedure until to-day the machinery is merely a matter of form. The voters are called upon to select the President of the United States. And they do it except when the anti- quated machinery effects the election as Chief Executive of a man receiving a minority of the popular vote. It is also obvious that the original plan for the ‘Senate was to allow the people of the States to elect legisla- tures each in its own way and for these legislatures to send the two ablest men in that state to the United States Sen- ate. ‘But in 1913 the Constitution was amended, and each state was com- pelled to have its Senators elected by direct vote of the people. Of course, no one foresaw that this might carry with it the temptation to expend tens and even hundreds of thousands of dollars in the larger states on the part of wealthy persons who were ambitious to sit in the United States Senate; or that it would tempt powerful interests to spend money to elect their agents to that body. William John: Cooper, Federal Commissioner of Education. a ‘ : Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 51 e as e ~ \ : I Nog ae PEATE Oo o, > —— oe ¢ U G . 4 * “ah ein tly. s A Pe ope tho te Wy Boe mae as 7 if DOES YOUR FURNACE ORDER ITS OWN FUEL? “Mine does—and it’s the only one of its kind! Those using other fuels, liquid or solid, have to have fuel stored for them from time to time, but my gas-fired furnace never requires any attention. Fuel comes to my home through a small pipe, supplied me by my Gas Company in whatever quantity I need. A little thermostat on my wall watches temperatures and fuel consumption for me, and keeps furnace worries out of my life forever. And I pay for the fuel my furnace uses after it is burned!”’ Gas—the only perfect fuel is entirely automatic in its operation. It burns cleanly, without soot, smoke, dust, or ashes, and is the most completely luxurious method of house-heating known. If you are willing to pay a little more for a perfect heating plant—call your Gas Company today for a free estimate on the cost of gas heating in your home! GAS COMPANY HOUSE HEATING DEPARTMENT 47 Division Ave., N. Phone 8-1331 \ MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary EDUCATIONAL DEFICIENCY Of the Original Founder of Grand Rapids. Here is that curious letter written by Uncle Louis Campau to his uncle, Joseph Campau of Detroit in 1841. It is a mere note in reply to an enquiry with regard to the payment of taxes. It would seem that both uncle and nephew had invested money in the Campau Plat of Grand Rapids and that the assessor economized his labor by listing them as one piece on the tax roll instead of making a separate entry for each lot and its owner. Uncle Louis seems to have been short of ready money, as most people—even the rich—were at that time, as a conse- quence of the panic of 1837 and its sequels. The territorial powers sought a remedy in the wildcat banking law, assuming that bad money would be better than no money at all, and the people accepted bills of the Bank of Singapore and other banks and ex- changed them for goods as quickly as possible, knowing that the bills were probably worthless and without any redemption fund. Louis Campau, Jr., (Uncle Louis) seems to have been one of a family which was quite poor, for he was bound out to his uncle Joseph, the richest man of the territory, and Uncle Joe made of him a house servant and bun- dle boy for his store, giving him no opportunity for education in a school. Louis learned to read and write after a fashion, and when he was separated from books he spelled phonetically and wrote more after the fashion of the Indian French dialet than after the- language of the educated French peo- ple. He did not seem to know the words of the language, for you will note that in place of “l'exception” he wrote “lex cept tion” and chopped up his words generally. His educational deficiencies make translation a task of unusual difficulty. All this may bore you to distraction but I thought you might be interested in a sample of Louis Campau’s corre- spondence since the you occupy a cor- ner of Louis street, named for the founder of Grand Rapids. George B. Catlin. Transliteration. Grand Rapids, 13 Oct., 1841—Vous ma ne fet un gren plesir quan et recu votre Laitre & totu mas faf mellee Se porte Bien et se ganigne a moi pour vous a Surer de leur respet. a le garde las tax de vos tot de genereu ville ell a tou jour ete paige jus a 1839 a lex cept tion de lane 1837 ane Jenest pouin en core paige pour leur in reguliairete mes Je prevoi ne a tcn au ci au mien qui i sont In clut tout .le morcau de ter a ette a Sesse com une ter non pas pre lot de ville— Jere net toujour flate de rece voir do vous nouvelle mes respet a tou votre famille— A monseur Votre servetur Joseph Campau L. Campau au Detroit. Grand Rapids, 13 Oct. 1841—You gave me great pleasure when I received your letter the other day and all my family are well and they ask me to assure you of their respect. With regard to the taxes of your city property in general, it has been paid up to 1839, with the exception of the year 1837. I am not able as yet to pay for them in regularity. But your plats and mine are combined; all the parcels of land, have been assessed as one plat, not separately as city lots. 1 am always glad to receive from you the news. My respects to all your family. to Moseur Joseph Campau au Detroit. Your servant, L. Campau forcement, a lazy court, the fee sys- tem, the incompetent prosecuting at- torney, politics in the judiciary, polit- ical police, bail bond nuisance, bogus bail, misuse of pardon and parole, lure of easy money, easy divorce, disintegra- tion of the home, idleness, salacious lit- erature, exploitation of crime by the press and the uncensored movie. Life and property are insecure; banks are robbed, filling stations are help up, pay rolls are stolen; murders occur; racketeers are preying upon the people and gangs are operating both in our cities and in the country. In the twenty years ending 1920, there were one hundred and seventy 4 i. A wd 13S bc /. [NR Orr Ve ic ‘i ae pbc J Jbl Ob fos oe fan , Gale o . ¢ bf. A wr a MO ee Growing Prevalence of Crime in United States. In the United States to-day there is a prevalence of crime far surpassing the records of other countries similarly situated. We stand at the foot of the ladder in preventing serious crimes and in bringing the guilty to justice. Open the daily newspaper any day of any week, and we find that there is a vast floating community in active re- bellion against God and man. A long list might be enumerated ‘of the things which are either the pri- mary or contributing causes of crime or the effects of crime. Among these are: The automobile, the revolver, booze and dope, the crim- ina] alien, the corrupt official, an in- different citizenship and lax law en- thousand homicides in the United States. We are told that, of the slay- ers responsible, only one thousand five hundred were executed. It is presumed that fifty thousand five hundred died a natural death. If so, there remained one hundred and eighteen thousand persons living who had taken human life, and of these only eighteen thousand were in prison. If this calculation be accepted, there are at this moment, at least one hun- dred thousand persons, mixing in so- ciety, who are responsible for killing a neighbor, The number of homicides now ex- ceeds ten thousand per annum. Such a figure suggests a ratio for murder that, for a million of population, is twelve times as great as corresponding figures for Great Britain or Germany. Our prison population exceeds one hundred thousand in a_ year, three times that number pass into and out of these institutions. ‘To maintain so vast a body of of- fenders in what must be no more than a semiproductive idleness, to provide ' police, judges, courts of law, and all the other paraphernalia of the penal system, to insure property against depredation, to make good the losses where crime is successful—it involves the country in a colossal expenditure, said to be at about thirteen billions a year, or more than one hundred dol- lars per head of population; or in other words, about the total of the war debts. Thus it is clear that, to defend so- ciety against the citizen is, literally, a more serious task than to defend the citizen against a foreign foe. We spend more money on crime than on educa- tion. It costs the Nation six thousand dol- lars per criminal to build a prison. For less money, a whole family could be housed. The plan of building cities on chessboards saves us the trouble of thinking, but it may not be he last word in wisdom. People are so intent on life as a suc- cess that they have no time for life as a failure. Higher and higher, men build the skyscraper; but, at its base, there lurk the bandit and the burglar with the pistol and the automobile and all the cunning of a predatory im- pulse, In America thousands of people de- liberately turn criminal—and the rea- son is simple. In no other country on earth can the criminal so easily “get away with it.” Our prisons are to-day full of men, still young, to whom crime is less an experience than an experiment. They are men who, desirous of money yet unwilling to work, thought that they could “get ‘away with it” and tried it once too often. To their horror, they find themselves behind the bars, sentenced to terms that swallow up their entire youth, and separated by grim walls from the life of swank and swagger into which, de- fiantly, they had plunged. They have been called the highway- men of the twentieth century, eager to dazzle some girl with their prowess, the waste product of the initiative call- ed private enterprise, and the jail is their gibbet. The general spirit of indifference tc the law, coupled with a magnified ac- tivity of the criminal element should startle us. The probability that this enormous amount of crime is continu- ously on the increase and the fact that we compare unfavorably with other countries should make us pause. The eyes of the worli are to-day watching the United States. Her fail- ure to enforce her own laws is damag- ing to her influence. James M. Ogden, Attorney General of Indiana. —_—_2>++__ To-day every ambitious salesman must take care of his health. He must not be ill, nor half-ill, as so many peo- ple are, —“t-3 yf t ‘ a 1 ee f a ’ 4 4 . Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 53 £7 Years of Service The enviable reputation of the Michigan Tradesman, as a practical and potent influence in shaping the business ideals of Michigan mer- chants, is not of overnight growth. It has been acquired through for- ty-seven years of unswerving loyalty on the part of its founder and publisher to the progressive principles that inspired the magazine's birth. All credit to Mr. Stowe for the sterling leadership that throughout these many years has kept The Tradesman a valuable, dependable and ever-welcome source of information for countless Michigan merchants. | While the John L. Lynch organization cannot trace its inception back as far as can the redoubtable Tradesman, it has tried to apply-the same progressive principles of service to its specialized field during the more than twenty-five years of its existence. During that time it has fortified the sales efforts of hundreds of reputable merchants through good times and bad, by offering the benefits of its specialized sales experience and expert merchandising knowledge. When general conditions looked bad in 1907 this organization brightened the profit prospects for scores of merchants. During the near-panic of 1921 the John L. Lynch organization was conspicuously on hand, lending its experienced aid to pull many a discouraged mer- chant out of the doldrums of business stagnation. Today, in the face of widespread depression this same organization is putting scores of merchants back on their profit feet, or enabling them to liquidate quickly, and completely, with gratifying returns and without com- promise to the finest reputation. If you feel that your establishment would benefit through the staging of an expertly planned and expertly conducted stock-moving or com- plete close-out sale, by all means let us supply you with facts and figures on what we have recently accomplished for stores similar to “your own. Such information may be just what you've been looking for. Write, wire, or phone and we'll place it before you — without obligating you in any way. ) JOHN L. LYNCH SALES COMPANY MURRAY BUILDING GRAND RAPIDS - - - - - - - MICHIGAN CIVIC CHARACTER. Financial Rewards of Life Incompara- ble With Culture. In the march of time, we have left behind the itinerant salesman of yes- terday—a pedestrian, with ‘iis pack on his back, comprising fancy things and ladies’ finished wearing arparel; the pioneer wage earners—the “tinker” and the “scissors-grinder’—carrying their machinery with them, disseminating in- formation and neighborhood gossip; the “one gallus man,’ the son of the soil, living his life of peace, of quietude and of hope within the circumference of his small horizon, devoted to his family, loving nature and obeying God; the strolling preacher, in his Prince Albert cut of dress, with his book of songs and the gcespel of truth, ex- ’ pounding and explaining the ways of life, in shady grove, in the one-room schoolhouse, and in the home, in a voice, and with symptoms of a devo- tion, that aroused in the minds and the hearts of the young and the old alike, a sense of fear and a love of God; the country physician, with his “saddle-pockets” as his apothecary, filled with a panacea for all of the ills of man, administering and curing more with sympathy, condolence and con- fidence than with his medicines. Where is that country philosopher— the Jacob staff of truth, the oracle of wisdom, the soul of honor—once in every community, with his refined sense of justice and fixed rules of fair dealing, settling all questions of the rich and the poor, the proud and the humble, the high and the low, alike, of his vicinity? Where is the old-time camp meeting and its myriads of devotees, with din- ner on the ground, gathering together the people from the adjacent commun- ities and continuing in song and prayer and sermon of truth so long as a “mourner” remained unconverted to the ways of light and life? We have passed from the agricul- tural state to that of manufacture and commerce. The rapid transition and the influence of its achievements have catapulted the present generation into conditions and into ways of life vastly and tragically different from those of the older generations. One of its results is that as a peo- ple, we are restless, eager, in constant motion, “doing” unceasingly and, seemingly, unthinkingly, continuing forever, carrying on the battle of life to get more things in order to get more things. Is this a sign that we have ‘reached an epoch in our civilization? In the transition, have the strata and make-up of our morals advanced in stamina in proportion to our material progress so as to enable our civilization to withstand the energy and vigor of the present-day, without disaster to the character, of our young people, un- less more time and attention are given to them and less to the material things of life? It is quite fair to say of the mass of mankind to-day that their primary ob- ject of existence is money. It is no less fair to say that the vast majority desire to get more money than is nec- MICHIGAN TRADESMAN essary for their actual needs with as little labor as possible. The spirit of modern politics and trade in its ultimate purpose, repre- sents the individual searching for as large a reward as possible with as little exertion as may be. Higher wages and shorter hours of employment is that respectable and social formula of that antisocial energy which actuates the criminal mind and expresses itself in the familiar philosophy of the bandit and the thief, and which is often prac- ticed by a great many people who flourish in the front rank of our indus- trial and business civilization. The trend of this is to create a desire for things—things made and sold—and to create a leisure in which to use them; to create and develop the idle ways and habits of the spendthrift; to regard the Government as the servant of the wealthy—the master of the average man and of the toiler and wage-earner, and an instrument to be manipulated for profit; to regard the business man and his business, the law- yer and the doctor, the artist and the architect, the teacher and thinker, all men and things, in the terms of profit. In an atmosphere where the moral and intellectual interest of the com- mon-every-day man, the artist, the pure scientific, the professional or the Christian spirit is not regarded or does not exist, except in terms of profit or income, a disintegration of the man- hood and womanhood and the lowering of the standard of life, are inevitable. For neither a great business, nor a great profession, a great life, nor a great civilization can be maintained upon the philosophy of the counting- house and the sole basic idea of profit. Such a theory means that the love of money should control the conscience _ of man in the choice of the course and the conduct of his life and in the per- formance of both the natural and civic obligations to himself, to his family, and to his community and country. It means that it is the duty of the lawyer — living a comfortable, useful life—readily to break up his home and to accept a large retainer from a power trust or some other combination of in- terests; that the doctor should leave a whole countryside to struggle without medical care, even if it pays him a re- spectable livelihood, when in the city he may be wealthy if he gets in with the right people; that the architect should become a mere builder of space, the artist, the teacher and _ thinker should become attaches of the count- ing-house, if it will increase their in- come, It means that a beautiful bit of scenery is merely a good site for real estate development; a waterfall, mere- ly water-power; that it is culture not to read a book, not to go to see an art gallery, not to stroll about the country- side to learn and to love nature; not to engage in intellectual conversation at home; not to inspire the young nor to build them with hope and higher aspirations, There is something more in life than the mere accquisition of money; the accumulation of wealth; the mere striving for place and power in busi- ness, and the merely producing things that may be made and sold and the developing of a desire for the use thereof. A constant, eager, quest for more money, more power in business, and a desire to use things, takes the business man and the wage-earner from their homes and families, and tends to sever home connections and associations— also tends to cause the neglect of parental control of the home and the family, and to prevent an intelligent supervision of home life and the up- bringing of the youth, with character. Character is a standard, in youth as well as in the aged. It can be doubted by no one familiar with the history of the human race and its career that character is an inextricable part of the life of both men and nations—charac- ter made up of the elements of love, reverence, truth, fidelity, industry, in- telligence, a sense of morals, a sense of purity in private life and a sense of an obligation to and a dependence up- on God. It is as worthy of consideration as are the minds of men, An ideal, with- out the throbbing heart-beat of love of character, by the people who create and cherish it, may be inspiring, but imperfect and will eventually fail, how- ever esteemed and venerated it may be. The Israelites, with their national religion, lost their temple at the hands of a merciful God. The ideal of Greece—mental and physical beauty— did not avert her fall. Perfection in government and in law and in supremacy in world power and devotion thereto did not enable the Roman people to escape the conse- quence of pollution, corruption. cow- ardice and treachery in moral affairs. Basil Richardson, Judge, Circout Court, State of Ken- tucky. —_—_2++___ Vocational Gains and Losses in Ma- chine Age. Summing up the losses and gains of employment during the seven years from 1920 to 1927 in the six large fields of industry covered under the terms production, transportation and com- munication, distribution, professional and semi-professional occupations, do- mestic and personal service, and Gov- ernment service, we find that two mil- lion jobs have been lost and nearly two million five hundred thousand gained. Vocational education needs to travel parallel with industrial progress. As new machines are invented people must be trained to use them; as new tech- ical information is applied to agricul- ture, manufacturing, commerce, and the home, our people must be educated so as to be able to think in terms of this information and their job. The scientist and the inventor must, and do, precede the application of their discoveries to the work of the world; but workers must be traintd to use the results of the inventor and the scientist before society can realize on the benefits of these inventions and discoveries. The flow of production widens and deepens. A great many jobless men Forty-seventh Anniversary pour out of the doors of factories, giv- ing way to the advent of the new ma- chines. In seven years the number of workers in what are called the produc- tive industries fell off one million five hundred thousand, according to an esti- mate made in the Department of Com- merce, In the same period the net decline of employment in the industries of transportation and communication ex- ceeded two hundred thousand and the Government services dispensed with some two hundred and twenty thou- sand workers. Here are nearly two million eliminated jobs and nearly two million persons forced to find new em- ployment, since it may be assumed that they have not the means to enable them to live in idleness. Seven years ago there were only twenty-five thousand workers in the radio industry, while now there are one hundred and fifty thousand. Electric refrigeration was virtually unknown in 1920, while now it gives employment to torty thousand people. Oil heating has created thirty thou- sand new jobs. The number of insur- ance agents has increased almost one hundred thousand in seven years. From 1920 to 1927 the number of persons employed in the motion picture indus- try grew from two hundred thousand to three hundred and fifty thousand. And so on. For each item of de- crease we have as an offset other items of increase. The moral which we who are en- gaged in vocational education should draw from this situation is an apprecia- tion of our responsibility for providing the two million five hundred thousand adult workers with the necessary help in selecting their new job and in se- curing vocational training and educa- tion for efficient service to their new employer Most of them are willing workers; most of them are in need of an hon- est day’s work. All of them are face to face with a new economic condition which they cannot understand. Some of them are illiterate. Many of them find their previous education of no particular value under these chang- ed conditions. The skills which they had formerly possessed are no longer in* demand. The world they knew is a thing of the past. Without an opportunity to adjust themselves to these new conditions— to the new demands of industry, call- ing for new skills and new technical information— many will fall by the wayside and become idle parasites, de- pendents, criminals, or unnnecessary victims of the “iron man.” J. C. Wright, Director Federal Board for Voca- tional Education. —_>++_____ _ Entirely Satisfied. “T am satisfied of one thing at last; I found where my husband spends his evenings,” remarked Mrs. Gadabout. “You don’t say so, dear; how did you find out?” questioned the excited Mrs. Gossip. “T stayed at home one evening last week and found him there,” answered the satisfied lady. < - Soe Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 55 <> ie WATER WASTE— ae What it Means Each year millions of dollars are lost through merchandise being ruined in damp and wet basements and warehouses. This is water waste. cue Enormous losses are sustained in moving merchandise from storage places endan- {3 gered by heavy rains and floods. Water waste also represents the loss in valuable | basement store sales space, due to the fact that men and women cannot work under damp conditions. You can help prevent costly water waste. Insist that Medusa Gray Portland Cement — waterproofed — the cement with the water- Ma Feeder | | proofing “ground in” at the mill—ke used in all concrete and mortar Oo | | work entering into any building in which you are interested. This in- a tegral waterproofing produces an interior dry enough to light a match on basement and warehouse walls. It has a 20 year record of proved success in stopping water waste. 1 Medusa Gray Portland Cement— waterproofed—is very extensively used in the construction of farm buildings for floors, silos, milk houses, water tanks, etc. Let us send our book “How To Make Good Waterprocfed Concrete.” -RRSeEEaT. | FOR 20 YEARS[P| Medusa Gray Portland Cement— waterproofed — is manufactured a and shipped by The Newaygo Port land Cement Company, Newaygo, Mich.—a subsidiary of the. . ot MEDUSA PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY — _ 1002 Engineers Building, Cleveland, Ohio Sales Office—Grand Rapids Trust Bldg., Grand Rapids, Mich. qap H EK ED ICEMENTS Manufacturer of Medusa Gray Portland Cement (Plain and Waterproofed); Medusa White Portland Cement (Plain and Waterproofed); Medusa Waterproofing (Powder or Paste); Medusa Portland Cement Paint and Medusa-Mix, The Masonry Cement. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. Workmen Supplanted By Machines Require Training. The present discussion of unemploy- ment in the United States has created a demand for information as to what the Federal Board for Vocational Kdu- cation can do to assist in solving this great problem. Unemployment is essentially a prob- lem of vocational education, since the men and women displaced by machines must, in many cases, be trained for new jobs—jobs calling for new skill and new technical information. To-day the world accepts no ex- cuses. The job must be done satis- factorily regardless of what it is, and the one who cannot measure up to requirements must stand aside for the one who can. We hear much to-day about men and ~ women who have reached 40 or 45 years of age being displaced by employers. The argument advanced by employers who follow this practice is to the effect that these older men and women are unable to keep up in production with the high speed machine. Employers should not forget, how- ever, that thes older men and women represent a more stable group of work- ers, a group which possesses a greater technical knowledge and skill, and the members of which are likely to be more loyal workers than those recruit- ed from the ranks of the less experi- enced. Employers must also remember that these older men and women are heads of families, and that the purchasing power of the family depends upon the earnings of these older workers. If the family is unable to purchase the products manufactured by the em- ployer, the employer loses a market. We must also provide employment for the thousands now being displaced by the “iron man” in industry. The twentieth century will be known as “The Age of the Iron Man.” Most adult workers have seen the develop- ment of the aeroplane, the radio, the automobile, the airship, and countless other industries which call for new skill and new appliances of science and mathematics to industry. The suc- cess of these industries depends upon an adequate supply of skilled and prop- erly trained workmen to man them. That is where vocational education comes in, The “iron man” does not limit his activities to any one line of products. He is being introduced in all types of industries. Countless illustrations of the dis- placement of working men and women by the “iron man” could be given. An official of the International Paper Co, has said that in one plant forty- nine coal shovelers have been replaced by three men who turn the valve to feed the fire boxes with crude oil. Some of the great mills of the North- west use mechanical conveyors by which sacks of flour are taken from the mill, carried any distance and_ shot from different levels into cars six tracks away, fifteen men doing the work that formerly required 100 men to perform. One man can turn out 32,000 razor blades in the same time needed to make 500 in 1913. In the boot and shoe industry 100 machines take the place of 25,000 men. One farmer with a tractor and com- bine can do more work than 500 men could have done seventy-five years ago with scythes. The iron and steel industry requires only one-half as many men to produce the same amount of finished products as it did fifteen years ago, and the automobile business only one-third as many; similar ratios apply in chemical factories, tire plants, cigar and ciga- rette factories and food-canning plants. During the last five years the rail- roads have released more than 200,000 men from their pay rolls as a result of improvements in locomotive construc- tion, round-house and terminal opera- tion, and the operation of freight servicing. The calm student of the subject sees the machine as a liberator, a builder of boundless wealth, a creator of new conveniences and comforts, and the means of lifting much of the old bur- den of labor from the sweating backs of the toilers. But the wage earner, who must live by that sweat, may not be quite satis- fied. He is grateful, of course, to have his burden lightened, but when the ma- chine wipes out his job entirely he then has a serious problem to face. That the use of labor-saving machinery will increase, rather than diminish, in fu- ture years goes without saying. It is necessary for us to consider, theréfore, the serious unemployment situations which are bound to arise as a result of this fact. The answer to this problem lies in the adjusting of adults to new jobs. No machine has been invented that can think and take the place of trained minds; therefore, there never was a time in the history of our country when the problems of vocational edu- cation were greater than at the present time. The newer industries have been ab- sorbing some of the labor that has been displaced, but these industries call for properly trained workmen. The public schools must recognize their responsibility in the sphere of vocational training and must organize their programmes so as to be constant- ly on the alert to meet any new situa- tion when it arrives. ‘If labor-saving machinery and ef- ficiency methods deprive the worker of his job and at the same time no pro- vision is made for him to get the train- ing necessary to enter a new field of work, something is fundamentally wrong with the industry or the indus- trial training programme in his com- munity. That the responsibility for the actual training of men displaced by machines or the adoption of new meth- ods and standards rests largely with the vocational school is obvious. While the vocational school can train the worker for a new job, it cannot em- ploy the product that goes out of its plant any more than the manufacturer of automobiles can utilize the product that goes out of his establishment. The employer represents the con- sumer of the product of the vocational The Preferred Automobile Insurance Co. Home Office Grand Rapids, Michigan Asks you to investigate the reasons for cheap rates for Automobile Insurance. If you know the reason you will not buy insurance on that basis. You will buy a policy giving the best protection. We Sell Quality Insurance The Preferred Automobile Insurance Co. AGENTS WANTED IN MANY VILLAGES Forty-seventh Anniversary school, and, like the consumer of the products coming out of his own plant, he needs to be sold on the-value of vocational education, He needs to be convinced that the young worker properly trained is an asset in his business; that the older worker not fully equipped to serve ef- ficiently in his organization may, through the vocational school, be as- sisted in adjusting himself to the ad- vantage of both himself and his em- ployer. Furthermore, the employer should be shown.the advantage of co- operating with the public schools in vocational education rather than in at- tempting to train his own workmen along more wasteful methods. When properly sold, the employer will give preferential employment to the product of the vocational school, and will co-operate in keeping the school informed of needed changes in methods of training, in equipment, and in other essential features of the pro- gramme, A swimmer who is not trained is un- able to get out in the channel and forge his way against the current. He must be content to stay near the shore among the driftwood. Likewise, the person who is not prepared to battle with the stream of life must drift aim- lessly with his fellow-idlers and seek sustenance from the crumbs that come within his reach. A few years ago sweeping changes were made in methods of manufactur- ing which greatly raised the occupa- tional standards that must be attained by workers. These standards vary from year to year and from day to day. They may be changed at will by the employer, or by other agencies; therefore, one reason for much unem- ployment is the refusal of men to ad- just themselves to new _ standards. Many older men refuse to believe that new occupational standards can be at- tained. Perry W. Reeves, Member Federal Board for Voca- tional Education. —__»>- + _- Obligations To Uphold National Prin- ciples, That which contributed most to the upbuilding of America in the past was that the Nation opened its doors to the ambitious and liberty-loving from for- eign shores, That which will contribute most to the upbuilding of America in the fu- ture is for those millions of foreign- born and their children to become real Americans, Proud as they should be of their ancestry—and fond of association with their compatriots—their greatest zeal, however, should be to uphold American institutions and American Government, which guarantees to them freedom of worship in the spiritual field, and equal- ity of opportunity in the economic field. American citizens all must remem- ber that government’in our country gives to the people only what the peo- ple give to. government. Lincoln’s phrase, “Government of the people, by the people, for the peo- ple,’ was no pretty figure of speech. It was the perfect definition of Amer- ican Government. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN We, as a people, take out in the shape of government just so much— and no more—as we put in as energy, spirit and purpose. That is true, not only in the Nation, but also in state, county and city. Therefore, no man in America is en- titled to complain of government, un- less according to his opportunities and powers, he has done his utmost to help paddle the ship of state. Despite gossip and rumor to the con- trary, I believe American Government is essentially honest, because our Gov- ernment is bound to be and is a reflec- tion of our people. I believe our people are essentially honest. Our foreign-born citizens owe an obligation equally with our native-born to interest themselves in politics, and to vote according to the right—not as distinct and separate parts of our peo- ple, but as Americans — knowing that America can move forward only as all its parts move forward. The greatest contribution which our citizens of foreign birth can make is, not to look solely at the affiliations of the past, but to look forward and help make America great. Politics must be looked upon—not as something unsavory, not as a game of wire-pulling and chicanery—but as an arena through which all in a re- public must travel who would serve their fellowmen in that most difficult of all pursuits—government itself. America will achieve its age of Peri- cles when public activity is regarded not as politics in its narrow sense—but as government in a very real sense; and when government is regarded as the super-business—the super-profes- sion of all Americans. Gilbert Bettman, Attorney General State of Ohio, —__~+~+-___ Ten Things Salespeople Can Do To Please Customers. 1. Let waiting customers know they will be served in a few moments, 2. Let customers think they are buying, even though you are quietly guiding the sale along. 3. Avoid suggesting similar articles to women who are acquainted but not friendly. Avoid names in such cases. 4. Learn all you can about the store and the goods it carries. 5. Learn the preferences of regular customers, 6. Address customers by _ their names, Try to remember them, even though they do not buy from you fre- quently, 7. Suggest goods you think cus- tomers would like; things that are suit- able for them, 8. Approach customers briskly, but don’t hurry them into buying. 9. Be careful about refusing re- quests made by customers. Refer to the proprietor or manager, 10. Be courteous always. Hard-to- please customers are good tests of your selling ability, —— +> It isn’t the mountain ahead that wears you out—it’s the grain of sand in your shoe. Be master of your petty annoyances and conserve your energies for the big worthwhile things. I 57 MORE MONEY IS LOANED on a building built of BRICK than any other kind! Why? BECAUSE, it is almost everlasting, has no depreciation or deterioration of any moment, and will not burn down. THEREFORE, the always a good one, and because of investment is no upkeep expense, such as repairs, painting and insurance, more is paid on the loan and it is reduced faster. SAND LIME BRICK is beautiful, economical and the safest and best material for all building purposes, whether it be “‘sky-scrapers,”” fac- residences, base- tories, garages, ments and foundations, porches, drives, walks, garden walls or any other construction. IDEAL WALL construction of Sand Lime Brick is most economical type of Brickwork known, and as We will be pleased to help in any of your build- low in cost as frame. ing problems. GRANDE BRICK CO. GRAND RAPIDS aneeseteeamntceenee tars ante} sled NAAM ie eth o COMMUNITY SPIRIT. Individualism Is Being Displaced By Social Interdependence. The prevailing organization of so- ciety in America is based upon the theory that no community, whether State, city, village, or even family, can safely segregate itself from all con- tacts with the world which bounds. its individual existence. Neither can any of these units remove or prevent those rclationships which modern life and existence have compelled all to accept and under which all must function. In other words, no one can live to and for himself exclusively. His very existence, comprising his business, happiness, health and prosperity, is effected and largely controlled by his associations with hi: neighbors near and far. Likewise, groups oi families, whether representing a smail rural community, a large city, or even a state must ac- knowledge the influences which the varied characteristics of current social and business relationships imposed upon them. There is no place or plan whereby the individualist citizen can escape this conditiou. ‘Time was, a few decades ago, in this Nation, when a family was self-sus- taining and made provision within itself for practically all its require- ments. Its contacts with activities out- side the family were not numerous. The close association of family with family and between and among people in a community did not prevail and was not an essential to their prosper- ity and happiness. However, times, modes of life and -cenditions under which society func- tions to-day are constantly and swiftly changing. No person favors a return to the former individualistic and seg- regated manner of living. The changes and newer conditions are always evaluated by society. Those possessing value are preserved and ab- serbed into the body politic and those considered valueless reach the junk pile of discarded and useless theories. Community building is to-day re- garded as one of the duties of citizen- ship. No longer can a man engaged in a trade, business or profession, achieve permanent success by destroy- ing his competitor’s enterprises. Such action is not wise and constructive, and will finally react against the au- thor of such a movement. Each business individual can enjoy prosperity only as his community is prosperous. He cannot compel pros- perity to be his portion so long as some of his colleagues are suffering adversity. A well organized community con- sists of a trade center which serves a certain territory, either or both urban and suburban, and which also is the social, educational and religious cen- ter of such trade territory. In the case of the ordinary American small city or village, this form of community enterprise is now practically stand- ardized. The construction of excellent high- ways, the general use of automobiles, the establishment of well equipped and organized school systems, and the in- troduction of the movies and other forms of entertainment have stil] fur- MICHIGAN TRADESMAN ther solidified the community idea. Public libraries, parks, club life and the extension and general prevalence of fraternal orders and the enlarge- ment and strengthening of religious facilities have also aided in cementing and stimulating stronger and more in- telligent community spirit, The larger cities are merely larger community centers caring for larger areas, greater bodies of people and in some cases rendering more varied services. lt is the policy of all well established community movements so to order all the activities and inter- ests of the community centers that all the business and other activities jnci- dent to the area served be protected and promoted locally. The nimble penny or dollar should move about the community, serving all those interested therein alike. It should not roll outside or away from this community and be lost completely. In other words, enterprises which become established in community cen- ters and fail to contribute to the sup- port of all the varied interests of this center and surrounding territory, but forward their earnings to support in- terests located in other sections of the Nation, are not community builders. Rather do they discourage community spirit and purpose and tend to disturb and even destroy the sound growth of local institutions and enterprises. No longer does there exest antagon- ism between groups of a large com- munity center such as prevailed some years since. The financial, the manu- facturing, the transportation, trade and agricultural interests, meeting at the crossroads of a community center, all adjust their respective purposes and plans so that the best interests of each are served fully. True, differences of views do exist as to the manner of such adjustments, but these can be and always have been equitably determined. This co-opera- tive spirit of living and let live, of recognizing, that the real objective is constructive building and _ planning have been the origin as well as the protection of America’s marvelous de- velopment of trade centers, of its beautiful villages, towns and cities. Boosting for one’s own home town, city and state is no idle or shallow expression. It is significant of the laudable and noble purpose of Ameri- can citizens to build American homes, American villages, cities and states in the hope that the happiness and pros- perity of all citizens and the success of their many enterprises might be promoted and perpetuated thereby. The thrill of serving one’s home community, state and nation comes only to him who submerges his selfish- ness, co-operates with his neighbors and friends, and contributes his due and fair portion of time, energy and money in constructive community ac- tion. Such person, who fulfills these duties of citizenship in constructive commun- ity development, thereby qualifies him- self to serve his state and nation more efficiently and abundantly. N. J. Holmberg. —__2++____ You can fool part of the people all the time, but not enough of them to make idiotic talkies profitable, Debt of Humanity To Science as Miracle Worker. The period between 1900-1910 might be called the “individual age.” Business was done in an open mar- ket with free competition. With the exception of the oil, railroad, and one or two other industries, all banking, comunercial, industrial and agricultural enterprises were in the hands of in- dividuals or small corporate units. Since then, and that includes the age in which most of us have lived, a great change has been brought about through the invention of labor-saving machin- ery and devices, scientific moderniza- tion and managenient, progress in busi- ness, technical and educational meth- ods, and, last but not least, in the standards in education and living. The inventive genius and the pro- gressive spirit of its people have kept this Nation in the forefront of the world. In the industrial field we have seen consolidations, mass production meth- ods bringing operating economies, elimination of wastes and reduction in costs, to the point where there is less need for tariff protection to enable this country to compete in the markets of the world. The small factory in in- dustry has practically disappeared. We have seen interest in railroads reach a point where public opinion is demanding consolidations rather than preventing them. The smaller retail stores have been and are gradually being eliminated in favor of the chain store corporations. The passing of the country merchant and his position in his community is something which most Americans sin- cerely regret. While labor-saving devices have im- proved harvesting methods, it may safely be said that less progress has been made in agriculture than in any other line. The farmer is still between two chairs; the prices for his products are invariably determined by world market prices, while he is forced to pay the high domestic prices for the necessaries of life, We have seen a tremendous rise in the electric machinery and power field. The utilization of water power and the use of electric power have affected every industrial and commercial en- deavor. Thirty years ago an office was con- sidered modern if it had one telephone instrument; to-day we find a telephone in almost every home, switchboards in almost every office, and we are able to talk to our friends and customers in almost every section of ‘the world. This period has seen the develop- ment of the automobile industry to a point where it has become one of the principal businesses of this country. Motor trucks have replaced horses, and the use of motor vehicles has be- come an absolute necessity in almost every family. Motion pictures have grown to such great proportions that they are at pres- ent supplying amusement to over 25,- 000,000 persons daily in attendance at our theaters. They have been the greatest advertising influence in world markets for products of our country. a spe seg ese pe ee rae on ae geen arent omen an gen - eae reat ates ittr Sencar - - = Forty-seventh Anniversary Radio, with its unlimited possibilities for education and amusement, has made the world a “Main Street,” We are witnessing now a great de- velopment in the aeroplane industry. The use of the aeroplane has ceased to be a circus performance, and it is gradually taking its place in the trans- portation field, When you consider it is possible to fly from the Pacific coast to the At- lantic in less than fifteen hours, a trip that takes at least four days by train, you can see just what prospects there are for development in this field. We owe a great debt to science, which has brought marvelous changes in the past thirty years, and undoubt- edly will bring even greater ones in the generation to come. It has served to improve the race physically and brought increased comfort to all, and has raised the standard of education and living. It is the great measurer; but-do not be misled into believing it is the sole force upon which we must depend. True, it has changed almost every- thing; but it lacks soul and heart. It will never be able to change or improve the good old American standard of honesty and square dealing that is imprinted in the heart and mind of every true American. The Golden Rule is still in force the same as it was thirty years ago. This changing period included the kaiser’s war, and we have seen the effects of that struggle. The world map has been remade and American trade has been pushed to every corner of the globe. Joseph A. Broderick, Superintendent of Banks, New York, —__++~___ All Joking Aside. Habits make life so easy, so mechan- ical, that once acquired we cling to them tenaciously. They enable us to perform certain functions without thinking, while change of habit neces- sitates the expenditure of some mental energy—a cherished commodity, evi- dently, because so few people volun- tarily expend it. And so, change is resisted, often quite vigorously. The man who invented the umbrella was thrown into jail when he appear- ed carrying one on the streets of Lon- don; so was Hansom, the inventer of the two-wheeled cab which bears his name. Railroads, steamships, automobiles and airplanes ali were condemned in their pioneer stages, partly for lack of understanding but mainly through lack of sympathy with anything that threatens to change established habits. —_+-~+<___ Uses Novel Mehod of Collecting Bills. Here is the way one retailer went after a delinquent account: He made a thorough investigation and discov- ered that the customer could pay but that he was careless about settling. Knowing this, the dealer proceeded to telephone the customer every morning at about 5:30, and it did not take very many calls before the bill was paid. This may require a little nerve, but hard cases require hard methods, —__+~-_¢___ Civic consciousness is best reflected by efficient help at good wages, ent 4 * LR ent = Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 59 GLOBE KNITTING WORKS Grand Rapids, Michigan MAKERS OF TAILOR-MADE UNDERWEAR for men, women, boys and children, in cotton, cotton and wool, wool, cotton and rayon, wool and rayon, and rayon. Women’s Full Fashioned Silk Hosiery. Complete stocks for immediate delivery. A card will bring sample lines or a salesman with complete samples GLOBE KNITTING WORKS * 315 Commerce Avenue GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Telephone 81401 MUTUAL COMPANY MICHIGAN LIABILITY Resources : Dividends More Than CQ ASO, to Policyholders $5,000,000.00 f President $3,250,000.00 DEPENDABLE AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE WORKMEN’S COMPENSATION INSURANCE AND ALL OTHER CASUALTY LINES Non Assessable — _ All Policies — Dividend Paying Home Offices — 1209 Washington Boulevard — Detroit, Mich. BRANCH OFFICES Grand Rapids Lansing Saginaw Kalamazoo Jackson Muskegon Marquette Pontiac Battle Creek Flint Port Huron lonia Benton Harbor Ann Arbor Owosso Michigan Mutual Industrial Hospital 2730 E. Jefferson Ave., Detroit a sage sce pening arr 60 BETRAYAL OF PUBLIC TRUST. It Effectually Destroys Faith in Self Rule. The American people, as a whole, have always believed and always will believe, in a square deal for everyone. There have been times in our Na- tion’s history when selfishness and greed have entered into our public af- fairs. Sometimes it has crept in stealth- ily and unnoticed; but when that self- ishness has become so flagrant as to attract the attention of an aroused- public it has been condemned, and those who participated in the benefits of that selfish transaction have been condemned and despised by men. We have a concrete illustration of what selfishness in government can do to disturb the public mind in the ex- ample of the oil lease episode. Regard- less of the outcome, so far as legal procedure was concerned, the attempt to use government for selfish purpose met with the universal condemnation of every good citizen of America. It is refreshing to know that one hundred and fifty-five years after our forefathers set the example of unfailing devotion to good and righteous gov- ment, we still condemn selfishness, greed and misuse of public trust. These men may not have sought the overthrow of government, but the re- sult of their designs and its effects upon the people of America would have been as disastrous, had it been fully accomplished, as the designs of Aaron Burr had he been successful MICHIGAN TRADESMAN when he sought to overthrow the con- stituted Government of America. Men who would betray a public trust in times of peace are just as treason- able as the men who would betray a nation in time of war. For if their betrayal is successful the public mind becomes incensed and it loses faith in government, No man is fitted to occupy public position who places selfishness and self-interest above the interest of gov- ernment. The personal fortunes of any individual must be subservient to the greater cause, the protection of every good principle in government. Men like Washington, Franklin, Pat- rick Henry, and the hundreds of other patriots, made every personal sacrifice possible, not that they might be ex- tolled and personally benefited, but that it might redound to the grandeur of a great, free government for men. In every crisis in our Nation men have come forward with unselfish de- votion to the Nation’s good. But in the days and the years that we pro- ceed without noticeable disturbance we need men who are patriots to. see that selfishness and greed are kept out of governmental life—that no crisis shall come through dereliction on our part to affect the fundamental principles upon which the Nation was established, to see that designing men who would distort government for their selfish purposes do not attain their ends. An enlightened citizenry must play its part. Law has been tersely said to be the embodiment of the moral sen- timent of the people. Popular govern- ment can have no higher standard than that fixed by a wholesome majority of the people who make up its citizenry. In our hands as citizens is kept the sovereign power which formerly vested in the ruling agencies remote from the governed. We must exercise our right of sovereignty with the determination that the fundamental American Government shall remain in- tact. A government that has been builded upon the basic truth that men alone have the right to rule and be governed, and that has lived through a century and a half through changing genera- tions of men and conditions, and that has been emulated by every civilized people, should convince us of the wis- dom of our American fathers and stimulate us to preserve and transmit to future generations, unimpaired in principle, that form of government which is now conceded by all people to be the wiest method ever devised by man. We, as citizens, can perpetuate that government by being as patriotic in the observance of its laws as we are in the support of its fundamental principles. American spirit and American institu- tions have no bounds. America is one hundred and twenty- five millions of free people. America is thirty millions of homes, wherein live the most intelligent people on God’s footstool. America is your habitation and mine. It typities everything that is high in ideals and culture. When the Old World thinks of principles of Forty-seventh Anniversary America it thinks of humanity. It thinks of the spirit that America gen- erates and the influence America has upon the human race, Our Government was devised to aid humanity and that Government must continue as designed by its framers or we, as a people, shall no longer be self-governed. Every worthy citizen in time of war rushes to the Nation’s defense. The same measure of patriot- ism must be met by the citizzen in time of peace, We rush into war because our ideals are trampled upon by a common foe. The men who trample upon our ideals in time of peace, whether he be citi- zen or alien, must meet with the same hostile attitude from an_ enlightened public. ‘A militant American spirit aroused can accomplish everything. Let the best thought and the finer spirit of the American people not be disturbed by those -who would destroy the funda- mental principles of government for individual gain and individual selfish- ness because right will triumph in the end. Democracy will be found capable of coping with any situation. Let every right-thinking citizen do his duty in upholding the majesty of the law of our land and his desire for clean, effec- tive government will prevail over those who would seek to destroy. John Fletcher, Attorney General of Iowa. —_»~-.__ Simile for to-day: As hard to fool as a village gossip watching a widower. Serving the Wholesale Grocer Trade in Michigan COFFEES TEAS SPICES COLO THE WOOLSON SPICE COMPANY TOLEDO, OHIO £ 4 + Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN . 61 Rule By Minorities as Result of Neg- lect of Ballot. Citizenship in a country tike this carries with it duties and responsibili- ties, not the least of which is the exer- cise of the franchise, Our rights and privileges are pre- served and our government perpetu- ated only through the ballot. There is no other way. And yet there is a woeful lack of interest in our elections, We are too occupied with money making, or with some uplift movement, or it may be with jazz and the movies. We have no time to devote to govern- mental affairs. Time was when more than 90 per cent. of the people voted. Today 60 to 65 per cent. fail to vote at the nominating elections, and 40 to 50 per cent. fail to vote at the general elec- tions, Instead of a government by the ma- jority we have become a government by a minority. The slacker group is composed of church folk and business and professional people — the better element of the land; while in the voting class is found all the baser element of society—the criminal, the vicious, the immoral and the dissolute of the land. These latter all vote, and they al- ways vote for their kind. Think of it, the wholeséme element of society fail- ing in their duties as citizens and then complaining because bad men get into office, There has been of late years much talk of patriotism. In my judgment we stand in need of a new and a deep- er conception of patriotism, of loyalty. A man. cannot manifest direspect for the constitution nor violate the laws of his country and be a patriot. Neither can he neglect the duties of citizen- ship and be either patriotic or loyal. Not only have we become a mighty and wealthy Nation, but we are a happy people, supreme in our right to do or to be what we will. We may build homes and acquire property ac- cording to our ability, and our boys and girls have equal rights and privi- leges, the poor with the rich. Every boy and girl in America is guaranteed a high school education and a college and university training if he will, And let it be said right here that the public school is an American institu- tion. It originated here in our land and never before in all the world did it have an existence. The bank clerk may become the head of the bank. The section hand by thrift and industry -may become the president of the railway. The farm boy or the rail-splitter may and often does become the governor of his State or the president of the Nation. The girls and women may rightfully aspire to and acquire any position within the gift of the people. There is no poverty in the United States as in the old world, and there are fewer empty stomachs here than in any country of the world. There are no common people in America in the old acceptation of the term, and the standard of living is higher here than in any other country in any age. The farmer and the laborer rank higher than do the merchant and pro- fessional classes in other countries. American workmen have more luxuries than kings enjoyed a few centuries ago, They often have more books in their libraries than monarchs enjoyed when America was discovered. America under its Constitutional guarantees is a land of opportunities for all who are minded to make use of opportunities—a fact to be proud of. No one in America is surprised to see a man born in a log cabin or a soddy reach the governor’s mansion or the White House. “ Why should not the average Amer- ican be a loyal patriotic citizen? ++___ At any rate a wicked cause never is disgraced by one of its leaders steal- ing the funds. — eee Not all idle men can turn racketeer. They are just so many yellow streaks to work on, 73 Have you ordered your Calendars tor 1931 : 9 © Don’t forget we carry all kinds of Advertising Specialties Samples and Prices on Request GRAND RAPIDS CALENDAR CO. 906-912 South Division Avenue Grand Rapids, Michigan Phone 31732 SF TT IT TT OT I IT OG OT GS OT TT TT I Te ea Oe ae ae” ae ar = a ele alin al ltl a a A a a i i i i a Bancroft Hotel Saginaw Michigan Fireproof, modern with 300 rooms RATE $2.00 to $6.00 PER DAY EUROPEAN oe Popular price Cafe and Coffee Shop Garage in Connection with Hotel ut Owned and operated by BANCROFT HOTEL COMPANY ll lela natn alll attlltin atelltn attlliinn ale athe atthe «tll. atl. athe elt. thin, ath. ath. athe, thier. thin. .ttien..hee..abie..alee lle ala la lal eli ee me eee oe ee 74 err ea MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary WALTER J. HAYES STATE PARK What It Means To the Irish Hill District. A new state play ground of 500 acres to be known as the Walter J. Hayes State park has been presented to the State of Michigan at a special meeting of the Parks Division of the Conserva- tion Department of the State of Mich- igan, at Lansing, Michigan, by Miss Mercy J. Hayes in memory of her brother, Walter J. Hayes, State Sen- ator for the first Wayne County dis- trict from 1918 to 1924, and founder and president of the American State Bank. This park of magnificent hill tops and lakes is located only sixty miles from Detroit, in the center of the pic- turesque Irish Hills. It is not only one of the largest State parks in Mich- igan, but is also one of the richest in natural resources and recreational im- provements, Within the new Walter J. Hayes park is incorporated Cedar Hills park, which for a number of years has been an open air retreat for hundreds of thousands of people all over the State of Michigan. It is reported that the little Cedar Hills park, which did not touch the main highway and was ap- proached only by a mud road, was visited by 600,000 people during the summer of 1930. P. J. Hoffmaster, superintendent of State parks, believes that the new Walter J. Hayes park will attract one to two million people per year. Mr. Hoffmaster has been very enthusiastic in carrying on nego- tiations and formulating plans for this state center. The magnificent new Walter J. Hayes park not only edges highway No. 112, from which a splendid new paved macadam approach is being built into the park, but it also embraces a long stretch of the shores of Wam- pler’s Lake and includes all of Round Lake, which are connected by a navi- gable channel. The newly acquired Wampler’s Lake frontage includes ex- cellent bathing beaches besides a por- tion which rises in cliffs 110 feet high. The deeded gift to the State of Michigan stipulates that “the State of Michigan shali maintain, develop and improve said park and said lands in a suitable manner, and shall erect suit- able buildings, camp-grounds, roads and paths thereon and shall properly maintain same; that said premises shall be perpetually maintained by the State of Michigan as a public park and for a bird, animal and plant sanctuary, and for the free use by the general public without discrimination.” Although there are large areas which will be devoted to the pleasure of the picnicker, with his outdoor cooking, and to the camper with his tents and kitchen, the Park is so large that there will be acre after acre of the beautiful wild country undisturbed by the con- traptions of civilization. The park is rich in magnificent woods and luxuri- ant vegetation in its natural state. This Fall the State Road Commission is grading and beginning the construction of a twenty-foot macadam paved en- trance road which will open from high- way No. 112, and Wampler’s Lake. As part of a $20,000 appropriation for improvements for the Walter J. Hayes State Park, the state promises to have ready for early Spring open- ing, a strictly modern two-story bath house, fronting on the naturally perfect sand beach of Wampler’s Lake. This portion of the beach was formerly owned and enjoyed by a number of Detroit families who sold their cottages to Miss Mercy J. Hayes only when they were assured that it was to be used for a State Park. These cottages are being either moved away or torn down in order to open to the public the magnificent Oak Grove “which edges this portion of Wampler’s Lake. curve back to It is planned to have a very fine 18-hole golf course within the park, and there will be numerous recreation shelters. The fishing in Wampler’s Lake and Round Lake is reported ex- cellent. When the new State road into the Park is completed early in Spring, Miss Hayes plans to construct a hand- some ornamental gateway which will serve as a monumental memorial to her brother, Senator Walter J. Hayes. Walter J. Hayes at the time of his death in January, 1924, was State Sen- ator from the first Senatorial District of Wayne county, and was generally conceded to be the most promising candidate for the next Governor of the State of Michigan. His untimely death deprived Michigan of one of its most active citizens and most public minded statesmen. It is quite proper that a State park in Michigan should be named for Walter J. Hayes, because of the pub- lic nature of his many political offices, and his services as founder and pres- ident of the American State Bank of Detroit and also because of his great love of nature and his endless efforts in developing, protecting and enhanc- ing the value of Michigan land. Born in Farmington, Michigan, Oct. 3, 1871, he was educated in the public schools of the State and then immedi- ately entered the banking business. In 1906 he founded the American State Bank which was then located in Fairview and thereafter he was active- ly connected with its management. He became its President in 1919, succeed- ‘ing Wm. E. Moss, and continued in this office until his untimely death. In 1918 he was elected to the Mich- igan Senate, and was re-elected in 1920 and 1922. He was also made presidential elector in the latter year. He served as President protem of the Senate and occupied influential posi- tions on important commimttees, Con- structive banking legislation formed the chief aim of his legislative services. During the last session he was chair- man of the committee on banks and corporations. The American State Bank, in which he was so actively connected the great- er portion of his life, has grown in twenty-four years from an institution of a capital of $20,000 to the bank which now shows resources of $5,- 000,000 and thirty branches. Robert M. Allan, President of the American State Bank pointed out that Walter J. Hayes was really the found- er of the branch bank system in De- troit, and Mr. Allen also declares that the present success of the American State Bank is attributable to the splen- did foundations and wise decisions of Walter J. Hayes. Mr. Hayes’ sister, Miss Mary J- Hayes, who is giving the park in mem- ory of her brother, has herself received many honors, both in Detroit and in the education centers of New York City and Ann Arbor. Miss Hayes was accorded the singular honor of being made a life alumni trustee of the Teachers College in New York City two years ago. This was a complete departure from precedent, and ex- pressed the high esteem in which Dean Russell and others hold her valuable judgment and its personal influence. Miss Hayes serves on the board of trustees of the Betsy Barbour dormi- tory in Ann Arbor and has also been on the board of directors of the Colony Club of Detroit since its inception. She is very much interested in his- torical societies, of which she is an active member and frequently opening her beautiful home in Grosse Pointe to these groups of men and women. In innumerable ways she constantly dem- onstrates her intense interest in the educational prosperity of the country and the cultural developments of the community. Born in Farmington, Michigan, Miss Hayes has spent her entire life in and near Detroit, except for periods of study in New York and Europe. Her gift to the State forms the only State park in the Southeast section of the State and brings within sixty miles of Detroit perhaps the finest play ground in Michigan, and wili enable Detroiters to enjoy the magnificent hills and lakes of the noted Irish hills district. a Cotton Garments For Playtime Use. There are no fabrics so suitable for children’s wear as cotton. Variety of weave, texture, weight, and _ color makes it possible to use cotton for practically all garments from under- wear to out-of-door play suits. A happy child is one who is allowed to have free and unrestricted play. Silks, velvets and fancy woolens are not intended for little folks who make mud pies and climb fences that have stray nails. They are made for the growns-ups. Children must have fabrics that are durable, comfortable, not easily wrin- kled, resistant to dust, easily laundered, and never so expensive that an acci- dental tear becomes a crime. One can afford several outfits when cottons are chosen, and it is possible to have the frequent changes needed for comfort, cleanliness, and health. Besides, those inevitable catastrophes are never so serious when a fresh supply of suits and dresses is always at hand. Play that is hampered by fancy clothes or a limited number of outfits robs a child of a part of his birthright which contributes to phys- ical development and happiness, The Bureau of Home Economics has designed several outfits for chil- dren, such as rompers, sun suits, little girls’ dresses, suits for the small boy, and out-of-door play suits. Cottons are used for practically all of these, not only because of the low expense, but because they are so well adapted to childhood needs. Fabrics must be selected with use in mind. Cottons adapted to little girls’ d-ess-up frocks would be entirely out of place for little boys’ suits. A one-year-old who is ready to wear his first rompers needs firm fabrics that have a smooth soft texture, light, weight, durabiilty, and fast colr. They must stand the wear and tear of scoot- ing over the floor, and this means fre- quent tubbings that might well be called scrubbings, The new high-count chambray, ging- hams, and broadcloths are durable; the smooth, close weave does not gather so much dirt; the colors are reasonably fast; the textures are comfortable for tender skins; and the firm weave makes it unnecessary to use starch. This does away with the scratchy seams that had to be endured by chil- d-en of former years. Little girls enjoy play dresses when they are fashioned from gaily printed lawn, gingham, and percale. The soft dainty texture of these fabrics makes them especially comfortable and adapt- able to the designs which must always have fullness for free play. The sun suit has now come to be an accepted part of the summer wardrobe of the young child. Soft, open-weave nets such as marquisette and cable net make excellent tops because they admit the heatlh-giving rays of the sun. Clarice L. Scott. —_>+.___ Hints For Clerks. Read all the store literature you can get hold of. Methods of doing busi- ness are changing every day, and the live man changes with them, Personal tidiness in a salesman goes farther with customers than you may realize. Better be a dandy than a sloven. The boss has a right to come down to business as late as he may please. It is your duty to be there at the time you are paid to be there. If you can’t get around on time, stay at home. He is a wise man who knows when the critical moment of a sale has ar- rived. At that instant he says just enough, never too much, never too little, and always the right thing. One of the ways in which a clerk makes himself valuable is in learning how to sell people goods they didn’t come to buy. You will make some pretty bad breaks with the customers if you aren’t posted on the advertising the store is doing to-day. You have no idea of the number of extra sales you can make until you try systematically calling people’s at- tention to things they did not come to buy. —_++-+___ A man who teaches a dog tricks may be smart, but the man who im- proves a machine is smarter. —~+->___ The less you know, the less you ask; the more you know, the more you ask, oa * wcangphe2. , i EE Sao ’ ea y OEIC PP seisitssai = insect 4 af nay pe ae yea NRE NaS ENN see eee Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN ON I I I I I IT GT GI IT GT II GI IT GI OI GT OT GT GIT GT GT GT” GT” IGT GT NGI IGT GT IT GT NIT OG IT” IT NT I NT TT IT IT NT I TT ay, 4 i + GOODS ON WHICH THERE JWILL BE A DEMAND DURING HOLIDAY SEASON Skis Sleds Razors Watches Roasters Skooters Skates—Ice | Roller Golf Bags Golf Clubs Foot Balls Indoor Balls Pyrex Ware Toboggans Hockey Sticks Flashlights ‘ Alarm Clocks Kiddie Kars Silver Ware Tennis Rackets Vacuum Bottles We are now featuring four popular numbers of CIRCULATING HEATERS Scone ’ No. 405 Circulating Heater Velocipedes \s Heating Pads Waffle Irons Coleman Irons ie Coleman Lamps Corn Poppers fi ~ Canister Sets f No. 100 Circulating Heater Boys’ Tool Chests Snow Shovels, Toy : Look over your stock and determine if you Electric Irons * are in position to take care of the demand. If not, take same up immediately with our Apollo Lanterns following representatives in your territory: Pocket Cutlery Walter L. Graham - - - - - Kalamazoo Radiant Heaters Emery M. Johnson - - - -_ Detroit NM. Fo Keg - - = +--+ eg - Grand Rapids Wonder Walkers J. E. Heffron - - - - - - - Grand Rapids Carpet Sweepers ‘ V. G. Snyder - - - - - - - Cadillac Toy Sweepers— A. Upton -------- Petoskey ° LL, Yoylew - ~ - - - - - = Lansing Little Jewel H. E. Dewey - - - - - = - Alma Junior Toy C. Van Houtum - - - - - - Grand Rapids Bee Vac Cleaners E. J. Covell - ------ Grand Rapids k Clyde E. Richards - - - - - Yale Waste Paper Baskets Cake Covers and Trays Electric Grill Stoves MICHIGAN HARDWARE COMPANY Nut Picks and Cracks Largest Whclesale Hardware House in Carving Sets : Western Michigan Xmas Lighting Outfits GRAND RAPIDS, Michigan “Buddy” Flashlight Lanterns Ate...0thn..tttr..attn.ttie..2itn.tte...2tin..sie...tiin..2tte..2ie..tte.ate..tie...2tin.ti..sie..the....ste..rtr..2ie..sie...2iie..ate...0hin...2tte..ttin...shie...2ite..sie,..tte...siia. tthe._.stin..tite...ttir.o titra .Atn..2iie..2tie..ten...ate..0ite...0he..ttie..alie.alie,.2e..2lit a aitlins tlh...telie. tle eee 76 CHILD TRAINING. Proper Habits of Thinking, Feeling and Acting. As far as possible, the home should be a place where children feel free and happy. The object should never be to suppress (push down) a child but to educate (lead out). In this sense, his education begins long before he goes to school, and its value is in the growth and unfolding of his mind and body. The importance of educating the child’s body as well as his mind is sometimes overlooked. This does not mean only giving him food to eat and clothes to wear. He must be taught to use his muscles and senses in such complicated and skilled movements as those used in walking, in speaking, and in writing if his mind is to be trained properly. The child should learn so far as pos- sible by doing. He should be guided away from harm by encouraging use- ful activity. It is surprising how early children can be. taught by doing. A little boy two and one-half years was given a beaut?fu'ly illustrated book of Mother Goose rhymes. Wisely,. his mother and father did not put it away until he was older, but they showed him how carefully the pages should be turned and how gently he must treat them. Two months later, though the book had been used almost daily, not a page was torn. It is difficult in handling a child neither to hold him back nor to push him too fast. One of the hardest things for the parents is to let a child do things for himself at his own pace. It takes time and patience to sit by and let the three-year-old try to lace his own shoes, but he is learning a new and complicated act and he needs plenty of time to do it correctly. A child should not be hurried when he is learning; nor should he be forced into prolonged effort when he is tired. “You lace that shoe, and T’ll lace this one” may be a good plan for the be- ginner. A child should not be called slow nor spoken to sharply about his mistakes. Habit is a tendency to repeat what nas been done before. It is a way of behaving, that once established, is easily followed. Habits are learned, not inherited. Once learned, they are great time savers. A child learns to pull on a coat, to button and unbutton his clothes, to use a fork by trying and trying again. An adult does hundreds of compli- cated acts without thought or attention, making use of habits learned in child- hood. Think of the time saved each day because adults can wash and eat, sew. typewrite, or handle tools almost automatically. Many people think of habits only as ways cf acting and forget the more im- portant habits of thinking and feeling. Children not only learn the habit of yeiting into their clothes, but learn to like certain colors and to dislike a dirty dress or a torn stocking. So they de- velop these habits which are called “sood taste” or “neatness” or “dainti- ness.” Teaching a child to do habitually and without conscious effort the things which make for good health is one of the first duties of parents. habits have to do with the fundamental The health .- MICHIGAN TRADESMAN daily activities of the child—eating, sleeping, playing, eliminating, and keeping the body clean and _ suitably clothed. Most of these habits should be learned in the first three or four years of life. Once learned they may last a lifetime, A child may be forced into doing something once, but he will not do it again of his own accord unless he has scme pleasure or satisfaction out of it. Acts that are associated with or fol- lowed by unpleasant feelings we all tend to avoid in the future, repeating enly the ones associated with pleasant feelings. For this reason rewards may be useful at certain times when the child has done something that you wish him to repeat—and punishment at other times when he has done some- ching that you do not wish him to do again. Punishment has disagreeable asso- ciations and only teaches children not to. do things. Suppose a small child re- fuses to eat carrots and is spanked and then forced to eat them. Carrots and spankings will be forever linked in his mind, and a permanent dislike for car- rots will probably result. It may be said that he was spanked for refusing them. Very true, but he is too young to grasp these finer points, and more- over, the matter is beyond his control. When he sees carrots a feeling of un- pleasantness comes over him. As adults we often realize that dis- likes arise through unpleasant associa- tions . One person says, “I hate calla lilies, they always remind me of fu- nerals;”’ another, “I love sweet laven- der, I never smell it without thinking of my grandmother’s linen chest;” and another, “I don’t know why I dislike the taste of cloves except that I remem- ber tasting it first when I had a tooth- ache as a child.” (Many other likes and dislikes have similar foundations that have been for- gotten. So at all ages habits are en- couraged when they are linked with something pleasant and discouraged when linked with something unpleas- ant. A favorite dessert, coming as soon as the dinner plate is empty, helps more in getting children into the habit of eating what is set before them than do threats of punishment. [Praise given to a child because-toys are neatly put away or hands washed before dinner is likely to encourage habits of order and cleanliness, since even very little children get pleasure out of words of praise or smiles of ap- proval. Behavior that will become objection- able if persisted in, such as throwing things on the floor or talking baby talk, should never meet with signs of ap- proval, however amusing it may be. Such habits as asking questions or touching things may be trying but should not be discouraged too severely since in the end they may lead to the child’s acquiring much valuable infor- mation and skill. Most adults have found by experi- ence that they are healthier, happier, and less easily tired if their lives are regular. Need for sleep and need for food recur at regular intervals, and also the need for elimination of wastes. But how often adults complain because their hours for sleeping or for eating have been disturbed. Irregularity makes for discomfort and a sense of ill health. What is true of adults is very much more true of children, A definite daily plan or schedule, ad- justed to individual needs followed, con- scientiously, will prove a great saver of the mother’s time. Children who live by the clock are almost always ready for bath, meals, and bed when the time comes. They seldom fuss or cry or argue about what they are ex- pected to do. In planning a routine for the young child the family life should be consid- ered, for it is not desirable to upset the plans of the family more than is neces- sary for the health of the children. Certain things, however, are of abso- lute importance, such as the daytime nap period, out-of-door play, regular mealtimes, and early bed hours. A reg- ular schedule will benefit the family in the end. Frances C. Rothert, Federal Children’s Bureau. ——— Debt of Humanity To Preventive Medicine. Among the oldest proverbs that we know is that which reads: “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” The overshadowing profession of this modern age is the medical profes- sion, and why? Because it has gone beyond the always apparent duty of curative measures and has given itself over to a whole-souled devotion to preventative medicine. We do not call offhand the name of anyone who was merely a great doctor or a great surgeon, but even the most uninformed of the laity remember the flickering torches borne by those who strode into the camp of pestilence and disease and at the sacrifice of their happiness and comfort and even their lives achieved by arduous experience and ghastly price the conquest of fatal disease. The name of Koch, the German scientist who discovered the tubercu- losis bacillus, the name of Edward Livingston Trudeau, that brave Amer- ican scientist who saved not alone his own life, but that of thousands of other Americans afflicted with tuberculosis by his abandonment to research and cure—these we hold in respectful mem- ory. Three centuries ago the black specter of smallpox strode across this earth, leaving in its wake hundreds of thou- sands of dead and dying, a path of death that even the scourge of war could not hope to equal. In 1749 Ed- ward Jenner was born in England. During the century in which he was born sixty million people in Europe died of smallpox. To-day a death from smallpox is a rarity, and the only price we pay for security is a small scar upon our arm. That was Jenner’s con- tribution to preventative medicine. As late as seventy-five years ago, surgery in its infant stage cured one serious ill, only to fall before the scythe of subsequent infection and then came Lister, who introduced anti- ceptic methods in surgery, virtually elimnating the ghastly consequences that formerly obtained in a number of operations. Then, too, no discussion of preventative measures would be Forty-seventh Anniversary complete without a mention of the im- mortal Pasteur. What does this magnificent honor roll mean to us? It means just what sages have told us for decades upon decades, namely, that the element of prevention is by far the better course than mere worship at the shrine of any - curative process. Joseph F. Holland. ——_>+.____ Invigorating Effect of Pure Air. Although scientists define “fresh air” in various ways, looking at it practical- ly we can say that air to be termed fresh should be free from harmful gases and dusts, should be relatively cool and dry, and be in motion. Every organ in the body is either di- rectly or indirectly influenced by the air we breathe, but none has a more important or diffcult task to perform than the lungs. The lungs are com- posed of thousands of small compart- ments, the walls of which are made up of tissue of the most delicate texture, finer than tissue paper. When air is breathed into the lungs these organs must abstract the beneficial elements, and reject the harmful ones. It is in the lungs that the oxygen is taken from the air into the blood and the waste gases are given off, The lungs, originally intended for the breathing of fresh, unadulterated air, are therefore forced to adapt them- selves to manifold conditons. We breathe air which is either dry or damp, cold or hot, pure or poisonous, and expect the lungs to meet the de- mands made upon them about eighteen times a minute, day and night, through- out our lives, Occasionally, perhaps unconsciously, we act kindly toward our overworked lungs when we seek fresh, cool air. We soon realize its value by its in- vigorating effect, and increase this beneficial action by breathing deeply several times. Pure air is relatively uncommon in our congested city streets due to gas, smoke, and dust which not only adulterate the air but also filter out some of the healthful rays of the sunlight, Most of us are particular about the food we eat, and to some extent, care- ful about the water we drink. We may, however, give little thought to the third source of vitality and health, that is, pure, wholesome air, Both in winter and summer a person should seek every opportunity to get out into the open. It will greatly as- sist in meeting the various handicaps of ventilation in industrial and business life. Robert E. Plunkett. —~+--____ Evidently Asked a Stunner. He had proposed and-the girl had turned him down. “Ah, well,” he sighed dejectedly. “I suppose I’ll never marry now.” The girl couldn’t help laughing a little, she was so flattered. “You silly boy!’ she said. “Because I’ve turned you down that doesn’t mean that other girls will do the same.” “Of course it does,” he returned with a faint smile. “If you won’t have me, who will?” € cali cea a sgn ‘ rent ccna : —— etme i MER nave oron mnt ¥ x « wt cctv. 2a ‘ 4 ¥ ent ° x a : a : { -pseieeiatats wy tenes RINE aim o> eee msg oa —— € a mG Sian. snag] med stee —~a rms * = ‘ rata. - € Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN oS NE SRN NT NNER YES ENSIGN amas Aan leant OERE 77 WE CONGRATULATE The Michigan Tradesman and Mr. E. A. Stowe, its Editor, on the occasion of its Forty-Seventh Anniversary. WE CONGRATULATE The Merchants of our State for their good for- tune in having a Trade Journal which is sucha fearless champion of their interests. WE CONGRATULATE The Michigan Shoe Dealers Mutual Fire Insur- ance Company (our company) for having such a staunch friend of mutual insurance in Mr. Stowe and the Tradesman. During the last eighteen years our company has been serving the merchants of the State in an insurance way by giving them correct coverage and prompt and fair adjustment in case of loss. While do- ing this we have returned to our policyholders in dividends over $450,000.00. If not already a policyholder write, phone 20741, or wire ~L. H BAKER, Secretary-Treasurer Michigan Shoe Dealers Mutual Fire Insurance Company Lansing, Michigan 78 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary THE WOMAN WHO WORKS. Her Everlasting Right To a Living Wage. The many marvelous inventions of the past decades have completely revo- lutionized women’s work. Jobs, such as spinning, weaving, knitting, baking, canning, the making of garments, shoes, candles, soap, and countless other things, have been drawn from the home to the factory. With the development of the mod- ern industrial system these tasks ceas- ed to be women monopolies, and wom- en were thus stripped not only of their work but of economic wealth. Articles which formerly had been made in the home at low cost had then to be pur- chased at much greater outlay of money. With the resultant new scale of liy- ing costs many men become unable under the existing wage standards to meet the family needs. Many women began to realize that they, too, must join the wage-earning ranks to earn a livelihood and to help hold home and family together. At the same time from the expand- ing factories came the demand for women workers to help produce the Nation’s goods. Women responded, forced from within and drawn from without. The gradual transformation of women’s unpaid services into paid em- ployment brought in its train many social and economic problems with far- reaching results. Many difficulties arose for the women. Certain of these hardships that mar the lot of so many women wage-earn- ers to-day, however, could be readily ironed out if we had modern methods of thought commensurate with our up- to-date electrical laundry facilities, for instance. If progress in ideas could be made to keep pace with our ma- terial progress, much of the injustice and discrimination against women workers would disappear as though by magic. A score of years ago we used to have dinned constantly into our ears the Victorian slogan: “Woman's place is in the home.” Now, however, it seems woman’s place is everywhere. The 1920 census showed that of the 572 listed occupations women were found in all but thirty-five. The new census may reveal that women have invaded even these last strongholds. The variety of elements composing this vast army of working women adds greatly to the complexity of the prob- lems. In the ranks of the wage-earn- ers are found young girls, middle-aged and even elderly women; Negro and foreign-born workers—each type with its own set of problems requiring at- tention and solution. There are women who support not only themselves but dependents as well, those who must enact the double role of home-maker and wage-earner, or even carry a triple burden with the addition of motherhood. Therefore, the theory that girls who live at home can get along on very low wages is not only wrong but vicious. When the employed girl is spending her time and energy in work that fails to give her a livelhood, she becomes a liability to the family instead of the financial asset which is so often needed. At the other end of the scale are the older women workers whose problems have become extremely acute in this machine civilization, when more and more emphasis is being laid on youth and speed. The age at which workers are being scrapped is gradually creep- ing lower, and many women of 45 or even younger are finding themselves stripped of their jobs and their inde- pendence, Many of these women in their younger days have drawn heavily on their earnings to provide for depend- ents. The family responsiblties of sin- gle women wage-earners are in general much heavier than society has been accustomed to recognize. Sons do not forego marriage and careers to any- thing like the extent that daughters remain at home because of the needs of parents or younger brothers and sisters. Contributions from daughters to the parental home are greater than those of sons. The dependents of men are more often those acquired through choice and marriage and are largely members of the younger generation. The dependents of single women are in most cases acquired through neces- sity and heritage—and belong to the older generation. The home and family responsibilities of widowed, deserted, and divorced women are frequently heavier than those of other types. These women must be both fathers and mothers to their children. But the public is gain- ing understanding of their breadwin- ning activities and less chary of open- ing up opportunities for them. On the other hand, the problems of married women wage-earners are par- ticularly acute because of the prejudice existing in so many quarters against their employment. Protests are made on -the basis that married women who have husbands to support them take jobs from men and single women. The great majority of these married women have sought paid jobs because of financial need and not from desire for a career or to escape householil drudgery. They have become bread- winners because of the husband’s in- sufficient or irregular earnings or be- cause of his unemployment, illness, or inability to provide for the family. The wife therefore must help support the home and children, or often shoulder the full responsibility. In other instances married women have become wage-earners to help buy a home, to give their children greater opportunites, or to raise the family above the poverty level. These women do not escape house- hold drudgery as the public is prone to believe. Home duties must be per- formed and the children cared for be- fore and after the hours of employ- ment, A woman who does her own house- work and looks after children makes an economic contribution to the family equal in money value to the earnings of the average wage-earning husband. The woman who is both home-maker and wage-earner is enacting a double economic role, The average woman wage-earner de- spite her economic responsibilities and contributions to home and family does not receive equal pay for work equal in quantity and quality to that of men, Moreover, women as a group are not so well organized as are men and have . a daily work schedule in excess of eight hours to a much greater extent than do men. Since women are producers not only of economic goods but of future citi- zens, since they render such valuable service in industry, to the home, to the community and to the Nation, it ‘is imperative that their position as wage- earners be alleviated through fair pay. the short work day, and employment conditions making for health, comfort, and efficiency. Whatever conserves the energy and vitality of women promotes the welfare and advancement of the race. Mary Anderson, Director Federal Women’s Bureau. —_—_~+~-<.___ Training of Child Determines Nation’s Destiny, Children reflect the attitude toward life of their parents and teachers, and there is no sharper censure to those responsible for their training than to have the younger generation manifest a laxity of morals and an indifference toward law and order. Nor is there higher praise for the parents and teach- ers of our land than when the. grow- ing. generation is upright, trustworthy and cultured. History repeats itself, and the his- tory recorded in the Old Testament is typical of all time. You will recall that. whenever a ruler “did right, in the sight of God,” the kingdom pros- pered and its people were blessed; but when the ruler “did not right in the sight of God,” the kingdom was taken into captivity by its enemies. To-day the parents and teachers are the real rulers of the destiny of -the next generation. What ideals do we wish expressed in our Government, in our business relations, and in our home relations in the next generation? It is for us to determine. Do we wish honesty, kindness, and principle to be the standard of living? Then we must instill in our young peo- ple a love for such a standard. People will do what they love to do; hence the importance of their being educated to love to do right rather than wrong. Even though we may desire to do right ourselves and to have our children do right, we some- times make the mistake of letting right appear to be the hard course to follow. We fail to present right thinking and acting as attractive. As a matter of fact, right and justice is all that is attractive to a normal person. Only a perverted sense. be- lieves it is more pleasant to lie and steal and oppress than to be honest, kind and just; but sooner or later such a person finds there is no satisfaction in it. An understanding co-operation be- tween the parents and teachers is a great help in the training of children. They need to supplement each other. It seems sometimes as if a teacher can reach a child when the parents have failed to do so, and it is equally true that the parents often have to help the child to understand the teacher’s point of view. The child never should get the im- pression that the parent is arrayed against the teacher. You are both in- terested in the welfare of the child, and this common interest requires a sympathetic understanding on the part of both. Solomon Levitan, _ Treasurer of Wisconsin. —_>-._____ Phenomenon of Colored Snow. It seems curious that, in any place in the world, snow should be colored; but, as a matter of fact, there are four distinct localities in which it may be seen. In the Arctic regions, there are large and small patches of a blood-red color. For many years, scientists were puzzled not only by the Arctic colored snow, but also by the carmine-colored snow found in the Alps. After much research, they learned that the color resulted from minute particles of pol- len dust blown from the red snow plant. In the Himalayas, much the same conditions exist, and the color is of a reddish tint, with an occasional change to dark yellow. Sometimes banks of red and yellow snow lie almost side by side. Perhaps the most curious of all is the chocolate-covered snow found in the Northeastern part of China. This, however, is not caused by plant dust. It is one of the noted phenomena of China, and not only does the fallen snow have this color, but, while a storm is raging, the snow in the air is of the same hue. The reason lies in the vast dust storms of the Gobi Des- ert. When such a dust storm occurs, the fine sand is carried for hundreds of miles across the country. In win- ter, when a snowstorm rages, the snow and dust mingle, giving the astonished traveler the new experience of being in a chocolate snowstorm. These storms in the Gobi Desert be- gin in midwinter and continue until the latter part of June; so that, during the winter, a chocolate snowstorm is a fre- quent occurrence, although its extent may be limited to a small area. Some- times, however, such a storm is car- ried for hundreds of miles to the East coast. Occasionally other phenomena occur, as, for example, when one of those wild storms, approaching a hurricane in force, sweeps over a vast acreage of land. Then it picks up everything _movable, and beans, cereals, and even frogs are carried for a score of miles or more. Frogs are thus carried when the storm sweeps over a shallow pond, scoops up all the water, and leaves a mudhole in its stead. Many frogs, carried through the air in this way, live through the experience. SO ae Good Business. Teacher—Who is the smartest man living? Pupil—Thomas A. Edison. He in- - vented the phonograph and the radio so people would stay up all night and use his electric light globes. . anim rapa ei ai 4 en “4 . 4 ~ ¥ Ngee oe an sides rata =4+ ‘ ag sian » me “a i ad . + y a RNR REE » ‘ a “a : + L m a . nti acai NO lal apa 4 ‘ i * = i . “ : Co SP cage, tt casigaeg IM = Ngee oe an sides rata sapagannn Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 79 Stores and Restaurants Kverywhere have found a way to make more money SA SSS They are cutting costs and increasing profits by installing FRIGIDAIRE E you operate a store, a restaurant or any type of business that requires refrigeration, write for our new free books. Let us show you how it will actually pay for itself as you pay for it. Mail the coupon today. Thousands of dollars saved and earned Frigidaire keeps foods fresh and full-flavored. It wins new customers. It eliminates the need of ice and ice delivery. It permits quantity buying. It stops spoilage. In these ways im- portant gains and savings are effected every day. The world’s most popular electric refrigerator In homes, stores, hospitals, clubs and hotels. . . wherever foods are sold or served . . Frigi- daire provides constant low temperature at surprisingly low cost. Its efficiency and econ- omy have made it the choice of the majority throughout the country. There are now more than a million Frigidaires in use . . . more than all other electric refrigerators combined. Read the complete story Our new books on Frigidaire equipment are now ready to mail. They tell you everything you want to know about Frigidaire. They show you how Frigidaire can be applied to your business . . . how it can be installed in your present counters and refrigerators. They tell you how Frigidaire cuts costs and increases profits . . . how easily it can be bought at low price on the General Motors payment plan. Check and mail the coupon now. FRIGIDAIRE PRODUCT OF GENERAL MOTORS GUWWLD CIM F. C. MATTHEWS & CO., : 111 Pearl St., Grand Rapids, Mich. Please send me free copies of books checked below: Groceries, Markets and Delicatessens Florists [| Ice Cream Cabinets t | Water Coolers ry] Restaurants and Cafeterias [ ] Address 80 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. It Depends on the Intelligent Vigi- lance of People. Citizenship is and always has been a tremendous asset in governmental affairs. The higher and ‘finer the qual- ity of citizenship in a country the bet- ter the government and the greater the progress and development and well- being of the Nation. In the last analysis, a community, a state, or a nation is just what its peo- ple make it. This is particularly true in a representative government like ours, where the people have the right to make and alter their government and to choose their rulers and make their own laws. How important it is then that we give heed to the’character of our cit- izenship and seek to develop the qual- ities of patriotism and loyalty in the truest sense of the terms. The early settlers came to this new world to escape conditions against which men had rebelled for ages. The history of governments ever since sin came into the world and man repudi- ated the government of God has been one of continued denial of human rights, accompanied by oppression and tyranny together with rebellion, blood- shed and tears and suffering beyond the power of words to portray. All through the ages men and wo- men had been reaching out their hands and their hearts had cried out for some- thing better. Down deep in their souls they felt they were being deprived of rights both civil and religious to which they were entitled. Coming here to this last new. world they eventually established a govern- ment founded upon principles that are eternal—the principles of freedom, lib- erty, justice and equality. Following the founding of the Re- public and the adoption of the Consti- tution there began a period of progress, development and achievement such as the world had never witnessed. Prob- lems were solved that had _ baffled statesmen and philosophers for cen- turies. A mighty influence went out through all the earth that was to inspire men and women in all lands to demand and secure in whole or in part these same blessings for themselves and _ their posterity. Our forefathers builded better than they knew. The foundations they laid reach to bedrock. In the Constituticn was incorporated guarantees of religious freedom, civil liberty, free speech, free press, popular education and universal franchise. For the first time in the history of human government there was made sure to the people all the natural inherent rights and privileges which a just God intended that man should enjoy. In all the 6,000 years of earth’s his- tory no government had ever granted these rights to its people until this, our Government, came into being. The exercise of these rights encour- aged individual initiative and effort. There was developed a quality of cit-- izenship superior to any the world had ever known. We stood the test of civil war. And from every crisis that has arisen the Nation has emerged stronger and bet- ter, until we stand to-day a leader among the nations of the world. The spirit of those times and the application of the principles of our Constitution developed a citizenship of the highest character and, in con- sequence, builded a nation, the great- est in history—greatest not only -in wealth and in power but in science, in discovery, in invention, in industry, and in achievement, The world has had some nations truly worthy of being called great. But no other nation sinre the beginning of time had ever been able to serure for its people religious freedom, civil lib- erty, freedom of speech and press, pop- ular education and the right to build and perpetuate their government through the ballot. The securing of these rights marks the greatest achievement the world has ever witnessed. The recognition of these rights marks an era of develop- ment governmentally, scientifically and industrially which has made the United States at once the wonder and envy of the entire world. But prosperity is never conducive of those finer qualities that make for sta- bility. With wealth and abundance comes indifference and _ carelessness with reference to the fundamentals of righteousness, The stability of a structure is its foundation. Weaken or destroy the foundation and the building falls. Cut off the fountain head of the stream and the waters fail. Destroy the roots of the tree and it will wither and die. America should guard well the foun- dation pillars upon which the Republic is builded. I speak advisedly when I say America needs to-day a new bap- tism of citizenship. And another has said, “not a mere sprinkling at the altar but a regular orthodox immer- sion in deep running water.” The foundation of our Government is the Constitution. All the power and strength and beauty of this, the great- est republic of all ages, together with our rights and liberties, can only be preserved to us by a sacred regard for and a faithful observance of the prin- ciples of the Constitution and the law founded thereon. : There is too much disregard for law in our land. There is too much crime aid too many crimes going unpunished. No government is secure when its cit- izens exercise a choice as to the laws they shall or shall not observe. In our courts there are too many lawyers who ignore the fundamentals of our Constitution—justice and equity —and who prostitute their profession in their efforts to save criminals from deserved punishment. George A. Williams, Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska. —~ > After Effects of Forest Fires. Reports received daily on fires at- tribute an unusually large number of fires to individuals passing through and near tthe forests, principally along the highways and mountain roads. Fully 60 per cent. of the fires, it is indicated, are caused by transients who thoughtlessly toss away lighted match- es or are careless in discarding cig- arette and cigar stubs or tobacco from their pipes. An apparently insignificant spark easily starts a fire that soon reaches destructive proportions, This was par- ticularly true this fall, following a deficiency of rainfall during the last several months, accompanied with the high climbing sun and a day or so of windy weather, when dead leaves and grass of the past year rapidly be- came inflammable. Even after a good rain the loose leaves dry out so quickly that fire will run through them as through tinder. And a few days of dry weather will dry out the underlayer of decayed vegetable matter and humus so that years of valuable nourishment for the trees is quickly burned. While larger trees may appear to be only slightly hurt by fire, the effect may result in future decay by opening the bark to insect and fungus damage. The resinous bark and. needles of small conifers like pine and hemlock are utterly destroyed by fires running swiftly through them. The destructive character of forest fires is not limited to tree and soil in- jury. The soft juicy leaf and flower buds of delicate Spring plants like he- patica and bloodroot are charred and prevented from blooming for tthe sea- son, with consequent loss in reproduc- tion, If the blaze is very hot and there is so much dry fuel that the flames sweep high before strong winds flowering shrubs like azelea and laurel share in the damage that leaves many acres with nothing but charred stems. George H. Wirt, Fire Warden, State of Pennsylvania. sot Pee) School Forests For Michigan. This year has seen a new phase of planting introduced into the State of Michigan—the school forest. This idea came to Michigan by way of: Australia and Wisconsin. Northern Michigan presents a dif- ferent problem in forestry from the portions of the State that were settled earlier; here is still a land-clearing problem, the foreign element is large, and much land is held by large cor- porations such as mining and lumber companies. This means a special need for forestry educational work. In order to interest the public schools in forestry, the forestry department of the Michigan State College offered to give enough trees for the planting of five acres to each school that would start such a project. The school-forest idea appealed to school superintendents because’ they realized its educational possibilities. There was a wide interest among large landowners, also, and in every case in which a forest was started a tract of from forty to 160 acres was donated by some industrial organiza- tion. These donations of land simplified matters a great deal, since Michigan law does not provide for the purchase of land by school boards. The United States Forest Service assisted with the planting. Twelve township schools took ad- vantage of the offer of free trees and land to start their forests. These twelve school forests are intended to serve as outdoor laboratories for nature study in all its phases. Scattered as they are over the entire Upper Peninsula, they cannot help but create a forest consciousness among the boys and girls directly interested and among their fathers and mothers and other adults as well. In time the plantings should also afford a revenue to the schools, the spruce as Christ- mas trees and pulpwood and the pine as sawlogs. R. F. Kroodsma, Extension Forester for State of Michigan. —~++-___ Women’s Bureau As Aid To Industry. The United States Women’s Bureau, despite its distinctly feminine sound and despite the fact that it is com- posed almost entirely of women, di- rected by a woman, and working in the interests of women, renders val- uable service -to thousands of throughout the country. One of the most encouraging trends of modern business is the awakened interest in better human relations in the working world. Many progressive employers desiring to develop their organizations in every way find in the Women’s Bureau an out- standing authority on ways and mean: for the best adjustment of women to their jobs. The Bureau, however, does not give all service and receive none. Withort the assistance of industrial and com mercial concerns the Bureau could not function so practically and effectivel - as it dees. Because owners and man- agers of all kinds of establishments are ready to open up their plants and their pay rolls to Uncle Sam’s agents, t» answer a string of questions about the firm’s hours, policies, and methods, the Women’s Bureau is able to collect reli- able and up-to-date facts about wage- earning women, Also, when the Bureau makes com- plicated, technical studies, so essential! in relation to the vital problems aris- ing from the rapidly changing methods and processes of modern industrialism, valuable advice and co-operation are given the Bureau specialists by experts in industry. To one man who may accuse Uncle Sam of poking a prying finger into his business are thousands who recognize his as a helpful hand making for good business and better conditions for everybody. Mary V. Robinson. mei possible coe Life In a Nutshell, Eeat less; work more; play some; sleep enough. Don’t let your stomach dictate how much you shall eat, A long life is worth more than an overloaded stomach, Don’t eat or drink to please anybody else; you know what is good for you. Did you ever stop to think where our time is spent in a life of three score years? One per cent. at church; 2% per cent. in school; 6% per cent. eating; 16% per cent. in the living room, at ball games, fishing, golfing, clubs, lodges, theaters, and so forth; 33% per cent. at work or loafing; 3314 per cent, in ‘bed, Horatio S, Earle. oath : gfe. a sally sion Hee ‘aI = fea ls engl a ¥ a wap ir = Forty-seventh Anniversary a RT MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Construction view — Hardy Dam — Showing erection of steel for Power House and work on embankment fill. PUBLIC PROGRESS VISIT HARDY DAM MUSKEGON RIVER See this great water power de- velopment now at its most inter- esting stage. See the harnessing of waters ta serve Michigan and her people. 40,000 Horsepower capacity—in 3 turbine generator units. Maximum height of dam from river bottom—i20 ft. Length of dam overall—3,000 ft. Maximum width of enbankment—tI,000 ft. 50,000 cu. yds. of concrete are used in the dam and power house. 1,385,000 cu. yds. of earth fill used in the embankment. The dam will create a lake with a 40-mile shore line and a maximum width of 1 mile. This lake will be open to the public for recreational purposes. Approximately 95% of the labor employed in construction of Hardy Dam is made up of Michigan people. MUST NOT BE DELAYED..... When the demand for electric and gas services arises—those services must be ready to supply the public needs. Cities, industries, stores and homes look to their public utilities for light, heat and power supply that shall be adequate and avail- able as the course of public progress creates new requirements. Consumers Power Company is devot- ing its resources and energy to the fulfill- ment of this public trust. ‘Build For Michigan” is the watchword as its 1930 construction program goes forward to fulfillment of plans long in the making. Despite slackened business _ this year, Consumers Power Company has carried on, because it must build not for today alone—not for this year, but more im- portant, must look ahead and must build for next year and the next—the service must be ready when the demand comes; public progress must not be delayed. Hardy Dam on the Muskegon River, bringing 40,000 horsepower to public service in 1931, is an example. The 30/60 cycle frequency change-over for the im- provement of service to a large area in the western side of Michigan, involving a vast expenditure and employment of additional workers, is another example. This work will be continued right through the winter without let-up. Employment and local purchases have benefited from this far-reaching construc- tion program—a program involving pro- posed expenditures of some $28,000,000, the greatest in the company’s history. The employment resulting from this work, the local purchases arising there- from, and the benefits to the customers of the company should reflect themselves throughout the system, which supplies 482 Michigan cities and towns and serves over 1,650,000 people. It is significant that as the nation has turned its eyes to the stimulation of build- ing activities by the government, by in- dustries and by the public in general, the public utilities of the country have been looked to as an important factor because of the vast amount of construction they are doing and the employment which arises from such activities. At the same time, it must be realized that only when the utility company is in a healthy condi- tion is it able to carry on this necessary development program. Here at home, Consumers Power Com- pany with its great family of some 40,000 shareholding partners is devoting its en- ergy in money, men and materials to the accomplishment of its policies of public service, CONSUMERS POWER COMPANY asses elses 81 \ 82 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Agr eon hos. Arpt eects rabgonebauareoeaigaed teh oeioemndtonetames Forty-seventh Anniversary TREND OF THE TIMES. Unemployment Insurance as a Means of Reducing Depressions. The difference between a pessimist and an optimist nowadays is that the former in his bewilderment is unable to perceive the direction or currents of the business reorganization and re- adjustment through which we are pass- ing, while the latter, full of hope not always justified, sees clearly the job ahead and proceeds to do it. This is an era in which we can mis- judge very easily the point of view of those who insist upon drastic re- arrangement or revision of existing methods in business. We may criticize them for their curtailments or their restriction on expansion, but in so far as they face the painful truths of busi- ness reconstruction, they are, perhaps, our best advisers. For the truth is that many people sit around talking about the business de- pression as if it were a mysterious thing which must right itself sooner or later whenever mass psychology lifts the morale of the country to the level of an artificially achieved pros- perity. It is so easy to lose confidence when uncertainty is encountered. Nor can we call men lacking in courage who hesitate without knowing what is the next step to take in face of dimin- ished revenues and falling profits. The long look ahead is not easy. Most business men think in terms of a calendar year and a good many more in terms of quarterly periods. The test, of course, is the economic sound- ness of business—the demand for a product. Will such demand continue? Is the saturation point being reached? What new industries are likely to come in to compete? Business brains need never be devoted to a single industry, nor is there anything disgraceful about the abandonment of an industry that cannot be made efficient or profitable when its field is invaded. Business and industries are so in- terrelated nowadays that the whole economic structure suffers if an im- portant few are disturbed. We hear much talk about “surpluses’—as if all our troubles could be cured the in- stant a surplus is removed. The peri- od of reorganization is costly and American business would really have been in serious straits had it not pos- sessed the reserves to finance and maintain itself for the last year. Credit is the keystone of the arch. American business either has borrowed enough money through securities issued, or else can borrow from the surpluses in its own treasury in order to meet de- ficits in these critical moments. Supposing the whole country could have had a reserve, or rather a sur- ‘plus profit, from which to draw in the emergency? Supposing all the unem- ployed had had wages enough saved up for at least two years? How long would they have stayed unemployed? They. would have been spending their earnings for the necessities of life and there would have been relatively little privation. To put it another way—if somebody could have devised a way to finance OLD TIMERS Youth laughs at us old timers, And maybe youth has cause, For when your hair gets white and thin You don’t expect applause. Perhaps we're not so handsome, Perhaps we're not so spry, But when youth gets old as us Then youth won’t wonder why. For we have fought the battles, And we have led the van; And made this life an easier road For many a younger man. And he will do to-morrow A lot of things that pay Because old timers thought them out And tried them yesterday. We know the world is changing, The ways of trade are new; Men put new labels on their goods, New roofs on houses, too. But still the old foundation That some old timer laid Remains the cornerstone of all The progress men have made. So gather ‘round, old timers, The friends of long ago, The fellows folks were glad to meet, The fellows good to know. Some try their friends to purchase, But seldom friends acquire, For friendship, like all other gold, Must first go through the frre. We've known the snows of winter, We've known the rain of spring, But when your heart is warm within That doesn’t mean a thing. We've made a little money, We've lost a whole lot more, But money was not all we sought Nor all we hungered for. For youth will talk of profits, But age will talk of friends, For friends are all that make you rich, Or matter when life ends. So gather ‘round, old timers, And talk about the past, For memory is the only wealth, The only wealth to last. So here's to us, old timers, Whatever youth may think, Yes, here’s a toast to fellowship, In fellowship we drink. Youth laughs at us old timers, So soon upon the shelves, But if youth will not drink to us We'll drink the toast ourselves. Douglas Malloch. Copyright, 1928, by the American Lumberman. ee enn ten eo a the present depression by a system of insurance in vogue for a long period of time, much after the fashion of the suggestions now being made for old age pensions, and frequently called “unemployment insurance,” the spend- ing power of the country would have been little impaired. It is a vicious circle—this unemployment, on the one hand, and diminished purchasing power, on the other hand. If every- body out of work to-day were sudden- ly put to work, the purchasing power of the country would soon approach normal. New wants would be found. New services would have to be ren- dered as tastes changed. The indus- tries, however, that had approached the saturation point would be in serious difficulties just the same. The answer to, those industries near saturation of demand lies in consolidation of units and turning their resources and facili- ties into new lines. This may mean a revision of the Sherman antitrust law. The December session of Congress will see the subject thoroughly canvassed. The year 1930 is a milestone in the progress of man throughout the world. The satisfaction of human desires is an endless process in which _ billions are earned annually. The automobile, the movie, the sound picture, the min- iature golf course, and all the various appliances that have come into being in an improvement of household condi- tions, are evidences of the ingenuity of man in meeting new economic con- ditions from era to era. This year represents a turning point in the sense that in every country the practical facts of economics are every- where being recognized in their naked truth. So also is the interrelationship of nations being made clearer than ever before. Communication has knit together the finances and resources of the world. Economic friction has caused many a war. Economic co- operation, with a bit of reciprocity, is going to rearrange the economic for- tunes and destinies of all peoples. Europe is, at the moment, strug- gling with economic reorganization. South America paid for her economic distress in revolutionary disturbances. Russia is trying a unique economic ex- periment. America, powerful leader, is challenged by a severe unemployment at home which will not be solved for many months to come. The generosity of the American people will tide over the distress of millions of unhappy citi- zens, and abundant capital and reserves are making it possible for the transition period in industry and business to be carried through without a major col- lapse or catastrophe, David Lawrence. ——_o + > Awards For Suggestions. The Pennsylvania Railroad, in its latest semi-annual awards to employes for the best suggestions regarding im- provement in operation of service, has given the first prize of $100 to a ma- chinist, the second prize of $50 to a clerk and the third prize of $25 to a crossing watchman. These prizes are in addition to money awards which are made for such suggestions in the ordi- nary routine. Spans sl me ale aie a ‘ “iii” ratins.,.ly aba OO 6s sge 4 r 90 NB we tr 4 ? J Siig at . . . ’ v >. ‘ ‘ ‘ ? t } -— _ ra i at i aio TS ARRAN. cape ean a * ; x, ~ a < AR tensew anil 2 eaten, S A= Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 83 TIME RATES IMPORTANTLY IN THE MERCHANDISING GAME The Wholesale Merchants Bureau of the Detroit Board of Commerce, comprised of over 300 of the leading wholesale firms of Detroit has brought about a transpor- tation service for the retail stores of Michigan, Ohio and Indiana, unexcelled by any large market center in this country. Motor truck lines are giving overnight service and are making store door delivery to over 900 cities and towns within a radius of 250 miles. More than 70 responsible trucking companies who have received permits from the Michigan Public Utilities Commission furnish this service. A regular railroad service also covers this territory. The Detroit Market during the last decade, as a result of the cooperative efforts of the Wholesale Merchants Bureau, has shown a steady, sure and substantial develop- ment. The Detroit Market is equipped to serve every type of retail business—in a manner to meet the exacting de- mand of buyers as to price, quality, style and variety of assortments. Members of the Wholesale Merchants Bureau, jndi- vidually or collectively, are ready to assist the retail mer- chants in the job of adjusting their varied lines of business to meet changing conditions by the introduction of modern sales methods that will contribute toward bringing about increased sales volume. The Detroit Market has the goods you need. The Detroit Market can give you the quickest possible service. THE DETROIT MARKET SHOULD BE YOUR MAR- KET. INCLUDE IT IN YOUR NEXT BUYING TRIP. For information regarding the Detroit Market write E. E. Prine, Secretary, care of Detroit Board of Commerce. The Wholesale Merchants Bureau of the Detroit Board of Commerce MICHIGAN TRADESMAN pF AA SORT RH SEEN ABSA ET ANN IEE PR AE RE SENN Se UD Forty-seventh Anniversary FINAL GOAL OF WORLD UNITY It Will Sometime Be an Actual Accomplishment, A year or two ago a lot of men and boys gathered in a barn just outside of Grand Rapids and with dim lights and an unusual quietude of manner, with guards stationed outside the building, took out of boxes two game roosters and enjoyed seeing them fight. It was a bloody affair, and at each stage of the game there were appre- ciative remarks commending the fight- ing qualities of each of the birds; but owing to the fact that there might be legal difficultties if the scrap was brought to the attention of the police the applause was very mild. The fel- lows went away from the scene, which had resulted in the death of both of the roosters, apparently greatly satis- fied with the entertainment. A few years ago, down in Campau Square, a couple of newsboys in dis- cussing the question of whether one was on the preserves of the other, grew warm in the debate and decided to settle it with their fists. In a mo- ment a crowd began to gather, and before the boys had proceeds very far in the fight such a crowd had gathered around that traffic was obstructed. Humane officer Randolph was then acting for the Humane Society and, seeing the tumult, came forward through the crowd, separated the boys and disposed of them in some way and they were lost to the bunch of people who had been egging them on to their best endeavors in trying to lick each other. Until Randolph ap- peared no one in that crowd was dis- posed to interfere with the scrap, but rather by word mouth and cheers en- couraged the boys to fight it out. Just last week on one of our down- town streets a couple of dogs, after smelling of each other and growling a little, had their fighting qualities aroused, and a dog fight was on in the middle of the street. In just three or four minutes a big crowd gathered around. No one was disposed to sep- arate the dogs, but seemed to enjoy the fight and wanted to watch it to the finish. A policeman, seeing the crowd and thinking that his services might be useful, wedged his way into thet arena and taking each dog by the neck pulled them apart, threw one of the animals to one side and carried the other far enough away that they wouldn’t see each other, and the crowd disappeared, These illustrations coming under my own purview lead me to feel that there is a very thin veneer of civilization over the cave man and his methods when we deal with the masculine in human life, A year or two ago down on the Atlantic seaboard a couple of men with splendid physique, following a line of careful training, were announced as belligerents in a prize fight. Men as far West as Chicago gathered in coach- es and enthusiastically traversed a thousand miles and paid a lot of good money for the privilege of seeing these men pummel each other, and upon their return it was the theme of dis- cussion between them and other people who would like to have gone, but couldn’t afford the time or the money. I know they do not call scraps of this kind prize fights; they have a high class term for it which indicates the legitimacy of the function. However, everybody who knows anything about it knows that it is a fight with a prize at the end of the encounter, and the great pity of it all is that it makes an appeal to a large class of men and they are not slow to proclaim that they enjoy it. Years ago we had a real character in this community whose name I will not mention in this category because some of his grandchildren are my im- mediate neighbors. He never was so of peace when a neighborhood scrap was on—possibly about a line fence or the location of a schoolhouse or the trespass of marauding cattle—and these judicial scenes were among the joys of the community. I don’t know how true it is, but there is a legend that has come down through the years that the location of State street, in our city, - was the result of a draw between Uncle Louis Campau and Rix Robinson, each contending that the road should go on two sides of a right angle, and their views were diametrically opposed. They agreed to fight it out and the winner should have his way, but be- cause it was a draw game they compromised on the angling road. In my boyhood days my father told Charles W. Garfield happy as at times when he had a law- suit. A real hot legal scrap in which he was one of the participants gave him the keenest satisfaction, and he always employed the best legal ability to assist him in the promotion of his point of view. After the lawsuit was over—no matter which way the deci- sion was made—his lawyers would be unable to collect their fees except by legal process, and he seemed to get real pleasure out of another scrap, but he always lost when it came to the collection of attorneys fees. I cannot understand this peculiar trait in human nature, but in a milder form than this it exhibits itself almost every day in our courts of law. In my boyhood days country people would gather at the home of the justice the story of a controversy in Genesee county, N. Y., the place of his birth, which he related to me in connection with a lesson which he wanted me to learn about the definition of religion. ‘It was common in these days for the farmers to exchange work with each other. A number of neighbors would do a job on one farm and then pass from that to another. In this particular neighborhood a faction of the Baptist Church, because of disagreement in matters of faith, threatened to draw away from the parent body and or- ganize a second Adventist body. This controversy was at its height when one of the seceders dropped in apon this body of men that were in the neigh- borhood, all of them belonging to the church, and started a religious discus- ei sion in which most of them took an active part. The visitor waxed very warm in the discussion and shook his first in the face of the most active participant in the discussion. This was resented strongly and the man in his shirt sleeves acted as though he would resist the flourish of fists by an exhibi- tion of his own. The visitor took off his coat and waistcoat and laid them down and said, “Religion, lay there until I thrash this man,” and the fight went merrily on until the good sense of the men watching it separated the belligerents and sent the visitor away. With a grumble he picked up his clothes and departed. My father’s lesson to me, of course, was that when religion was a mere clock, it could not meet the approval of God. Just two or three years ago we had a Republican County Convention in this town, and two factions in the party were very ugly when they came to- gether in the convention, and before anyone knew it, there was a fight on by the representatives of the two fac- tions, and an officer of the law had to separate the contestants who had thought to settle a political controversy by the use of their fists, Shameful incidents have occurred in Congress and State legislative bodies as a resulted of heated controversy with an attempted settlement by phys- ical force. The readers of this column will recall, as I mention it, incidents of this character that have occurred during their lives. Several notable in- cidents in the United States Senate have come into history as prominent events in the records of National legis- lation. We all recall that shameful duel, the result of a political contro- versy which ended in the death of the greatest statesman of his day, Alexan- der Hamilton, at the hand of Aaron Burr. All of these exhibitions of the attempt to settle controversies by phys- ical force could be avoided if the cave man’s methods could be relegated to the early history of mankind instead of being used in our day and genera- tion, Differences of views we must ex- pect. Occassionally great questions are involved in such a way that as man- kind is developed cannot be settled without the spilling of blood, and still, when you and I sit quietly in our chairs and discuss with ourselves the best methods of settling controversies, we must own up that if mankind were imbued with a spirit of righteousness of sufficient strength to control the passions of men, physical battles could be dispensed with entirely, What a pity it is that our great his- tories of nations are very largely rec- ords of wars. My first reading of his- tory was Hume’s History of England, and it was simply a story of English wars. Later on I read Knight’s His- tory of England and this was equally true of this piece of historical litera- ture. The war spirit is in most of us and, if under proper control, it has its advantages in the promotion of the world’s activities. But it would seem as if in the development of our civil- ization we ought by this time to reach an epoch in which all settlements of National, local and individual contro- ie = . — > Forty-seventh Anniversary 85 The Toast Supreme Baked of fresh eggs, finest wheat and whole milk, Dutch Tea Rusk are as healthful as they are delicious. Popular with a spread of butter, cheese or preserves. Delightful as a cereal with milk or cream. Give a new zest to poach- vy | ed eggs and all other dishes where toast is ordinarily used. HEKMAN’S puicy RUSK DUTCH TEA RUSK COMPANY, HOLLAND, MICHIGAN 86 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary versies could be made without the carnage of blood:and the tragedies of physical engagements. There are a lot of people prominent in life and in gov- ernmental concerns who do not seem to comprehend that there is any other final method of settling great contro- versies except by war, and these are the people who are constantly talking about preparation for war rather than preparation for peace. They seem to ‘have no conception of the ‘strength that can come from good morals ac- tively employed in the settlement of controversial matters. And as long as men enjoy a cock fight and applaud a dog fight and refuse to interfere when boys decide to fight out differences of opinion with their fists and journey across many states to witness a prize fight, we will find a large number of people contending that war is inevit- able and we must prepare for it so that we will be ready to keep our- selves from being snuffed out as a Nation. Fighting terms creep into journalism in connection with almost any kind of athletic performances that people reas- onably enjoy. The head lines teem with fighting terms, and it is with keen satisfaction that the maker of head- lines uses a word like “flaying” in connection with a baseball game or a game of tennis or a foot race, when we all know that the definition of flay- ing is to skin ’em alive. The habit of using these fighting terms in connec- tion with simple performances in our every day life is not only a misfortune but a degradation of literature. We sing religious hymns with unction which convey the fighting spirit. “On- ward Christian Soldiers,’ “Hold the Fort For I Am Coming” and hymns of that character are used to stir the emotions and promote religious feel- ing. To my mind, as a disciple of peaceful methods and a follower of our gentle Master, I deplore this method of promoting the highest and purest and best things in the world. I under- stand very well what the defense is in this matter, and still I cannot but hope that we will gradually get away from this aggressive method as we come to understand a broader view of religion than the promotion of sectarianism. We love to talk about the gentleness of the founder of the Christian religion, and still we find at great gatherings of Christian delegates that the kind of co-operation advocated is that which will best promote the Christian method as against that of other religions like ‘Confucianism, Buddhism, Mohamme- danismn, and so forth. The antidote to belligerency such as I have feebly portrayed, it seems to me is in intelligent co-operation with the broadest definitions, and I cannot help but feel that we are slowly grow- ing into international co-operation through the wonderful methods of touching all parts of the world in a moment and that the final goal of world unity will sometime be an ac- complishment. J have great hope, through the influence of great men and women who rise above partisan- ship and sectarianisms and proclaim by their lives and their voices methods —~ for peaceful settlement of controversial matters that we shall attain a reign of righteousness rather than physical power as the greatest accomplishment in the civilization of the world. Charles W. Garfield. ——_>+-___ Courtesy as Accident Preventive. Sometimes it seems that what is wrong with the whole safety movement is that there are too many “safety ex- perts” connected with it, and not enough application of ordinary com- mon-sense principles. Preservation of human life and prop- erty is an age-old instinct and it is certainly a sad commentary on our so-called civilization if, simply because modern conditions have changed the methods of manufacture and transpor- tation, we have been unable to develop that instinct beyond the attainments of our savage brethren, who at least knew how to take care of themselves. Regardless of one’s business or pro- fession he cannct be callous toward this problem of motor traffic accidents. It is one which affects everyone. It may have an intensely personal appli- cation, because at the present rate, in Pennsylvania alone, six people are being killed every day, and one out of every 125 motor vehicles registered is involved in at least one accident in a year’s time. Another important point is that for every 116 accidents there are 100 persons injured. The one thing which will do more ta reduce accidents than all the technical research in the world is something one cannot acquire overnight and some- thing which, because we have forgot- ten it for so long, we cannot now at- tain without practice. If it were pres- ent in the minds of people at all times “accidents” would really be accidents— unavoidable occurrences. This quality is ordinary common courtesy or consideration for another. This is the essential element of traffic safety and if it were practiced more often there would-be less reason for motor laws and practically no reason for motor patrolmen. Common courtesy would give the other driver just the break he required to complete a left-hand turn. It would give the man behind just the space he required in order to pass in safety. Courtesy would enable a driver to heed warning signals and give a signal to his fellow driver. Courtesy would not permit a driver to think he had a su- preme right over others in the use of the highway. It may be said that there should be more rigid laws and stricter enforce- ment. Undoubtedly enforcement is one of the best safety educators there is, but after analyzing a few accident re- ports we cannot help but feel that there is something wrong with the mental structure of drivers, “I blew my horn and _ proceeded, having the right of way.” The right of way obsession is the answer to a large part of the accident list. “A man suddenly appeared in front of my car and I hit him. I don’t know where he came from.” Perhaps he ar- rived by parachute, We need less horn and more brakes, Drivers should forget the idea that a blast of the horn will scare others to the point of evaporation into thin air and relieve them of the necessity of pressing the brake pedal or twisting the steering wheel, Benjamin G. Eynon. —_——__> +. Teaching Requirements Raised in Maine. The earliest type of strictly voca- tional training offered to students in our public schools took the form of a commercial course in high schools. Necessarily at the beginning the stan- dards of attainment for teachers hand- ling this course were rather low as to educational attainment. At the time the commercial courses were first inaugu- rated, standards for secondary teachers were much lower in the schools of the State than they are at the present time. It has seemed from time to time ad- visable to advance the requirements for commercial teachers. Up to 1925 one year only of work beyond high school was required under our regulations for this group of teachers. In 1925 we established a complete requirement of two years for this group of teachers. During the past year it seemed ad- visable to further advance the require- ments, and commencing in 1931.com- mercial teachers entering the teaching profession for the first time must pre- sent evidence of the completion of three years of approved work in order to meet the full requirements for certifica- tion. Conditional certificates may be issued on the basis of two years of sucessful work but this type of certifi- cate will require in a period of five years that the teacher must complete at least twenty-four weeks of ap- proved summer school work. The commercial teacher should in so-called cultural and _ professional courses meet the requirements for oth- er secondary school teachers. This group of teachers is largely teaching in schools where a majority of the teachers are college graduates. We do not feel that the commercial teacher is lacking in the skills required to teach commercial work but we do feel that in these additional requirements as to time and breadth of curriculum the teacher should acquire a broader out- look through cultural and professional courses. It is also required for the profes- sional type of commercial certificate that in addition to the completion of the full three-year course there shall be at some time during this course a minimum amount of practice teaching under competent supervision. The State Department of Education assumes as its duty and responsibility the supervision of courses in all schools leading up to this type of cer- tification. The State does not maintain in any of its institutions a course for commercial teachers. It is wholly car- ried on in private institutions. If these private institutions meet the additional demands placed upon them we may be assured of an adequately trained teach- ing force for commercial branches in all our secondary schools. Bertram E. Packard, ‘Commissioner of Education of Maine. How To Withstand Attacks of Disease Germs. Embarked upon a search for hiber- nating quarters, disease germs of wide variety await only the arrival of Jack Frost and lower temperatures to en- gage in new warfare against humanity. Since the human body is the natural habitat of numerous germs, victory will come in greatest measure to people who know how to live and get along with germs rather than to those who expect to win by escaping contact with the germs altogether. Half a dozen cold weather diseases now stand on the threshold of battle in Illinois. These include pneumonia, common colds, diphtheria, scarlet fever, smallpox and measles. Tolerant com- promising with each will prevent sig- nificant damage. This can be done by preparing the body for their reception rather than attempting to prohibit their entrance—building up bodily re- sistance. Pneumonia germs, for example, are already in the nose, mouth and throat of nearly everybody. The same is true of common cold germs. Very few will escape exposure to the germs of scarlet fever, diphtheria and measles between now and next June. The problem is to keep from getting too many at once, on the one hand, and on the other to prevent harm from those that do get into the body. Shortage of vitamins A and D in the diet and too little rest are important predisposing factors in broncho-pneu- monia, the most prevalent of the fatal diseases among children. Last year this disease caused 1,459 deaths among children in Illinois, over 1,100 of whom were less than two years old. They simply had not developed strength and vigor enough to withstand the work of the germs and for this a poor diet and shortage of sleep were probably largely to blame. Pneumonia in gen- eral lies in wait to attack people who are already below par from some other cause. Perfect resistance against diphtheria and smallpox can be had through im- munization with toxin-antitoxin and vaccination. These innoculation do not keep germs out but simply make the body immune to harm. By giving a child blood from one of his parents he can be protected from harm from measles, Keeping up bodily resistance through a wise choice of diet, sufficient rest and cleanliness and by avoiding over- doses of germs through quarantining patients and covering coughs and sneezes are best known ways of get- ting along with scarlet fever and com- mon cold germs, Escaping disease germs, especially of pneumonia and common colds, is impossible. We must live together. Our problem is to strike a balance that makes life best for both. The germs are quick to take any advantage from whatever cause. Dr. Andy Hall, Health Director of Illinois. ——_+++____ The idle attitude towards unemploy- ment happily thas ended. ——_>> >__- ‘Bearishness is always worst at the bottom. bee) » tg nant a ‘ . : A ¥ a —— as f Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN VN b KS BOs YA 5% b (MEY). | ML. /M1/ MT // a MEL} f MLS] ae my = = a> ~ ~ my a tein ae Se 3S ny a || Leanna & ————— RAND ARDS {= = a ee in] a —— THERE IS A GRAND RAPIDS SAVINGS BANK « IN YOUR » NEIGHBORHOOD Strong Enough to protect you Large Enough to serve you Small Enough to know you GRAND RAPIDS S MAIN BANK - MONROE € IONIA 16 COMMUNITY BRANCH BANKS i aN G Yip) Y WS XR : A) ay . N Ni AN e we yy “iN TAY We! 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You are invited to open an account with this BANK - - -_ to get ac- quainted with our complete service. Your welcome at this Bank is not measured by the size of your account. AVINGS BANK SUPERVISED BY STATE AND NATION WOMEN JURORS. Reasons Why They Are Better Than Men.* When Judge McGoorty invited me to address you at this meeting it was a real surprise to me to learn not only that women are not alloyed to sit as jurors in the trial cases in Illinois, but also that you have a real fight on your hands to gain that right. Why Michi- gan women should have a privilege denied to Illinois women intrigued me enough to want to find out why the difference, and the reason is to be found in the opposite and quite irre- concilable views of the Supreme Courts of the two states. The first mention of the subject in Illinois was in an opinion- by your Court of Appeals in 1899, where this language was used: “Women are dis- qualified to vote because they are not legal voters;” an unquestionably cor- rect decision, because long before wo- men had any voting rights whatever and your jury-law has always made it Hon. L. D. Verdier. a necessary qualification for a juror to be a legal voter. Later, in 1915 and after Illinois wo- men had been given a limited right of suffrage, two men convicted of keeping their saloons ‘open on Sunday went to the Appellate Court with several grounds for appeal, one of them being that the trial court had committed error in denying their motion challeng- ing the entire jury because the County Board, in making its list of jurors did not take into account the women who were voters and did not make a list of at least one-tenth of the legal voters (as the law required) with women counted as voters. As if the saloon- keepers wanted their cases tried by women jurors in those days! ‘But it is on just such feeble crutches that law breakers often seek to limp their way out of court. In deciding the point, the Appellate Court said: ‘Women are not legal voters on all subjects, but have only a limited right to vote. They are, therefore, not eligible for jury service, which is only for legal voters.” Such an opinion would seem to have been a forecast that if the time came when women had an unlimited right *Paper read before Forum of League of Women Voters, at Chicago, by Hon. D. Verdier, Judge of the Superior Court of Grand Rapids. oe MICHIGAN TRADESMAN to vote on all subjects, they would be legal voters within the meaning of the jury law, and, therefore, eligible for jury service. But with the adoption of the 19th amendment in 1920 and the resulting woman’s suffrage act in Illinois giving women the same right to vote as men, the forecast proved to be a false omen. In 1924 the Jury Commissioners of Cook county included the name of a Mrs. Fyfe, of Oak Park, on their jury lists. They sent her a questionnaire to be answered, containing (among others) this question: “Is there any reason why you should not serve as a juror if summoned?” to which she replied: “None that. I know of, unless the law does not allow females that privilege.” Upon receipt of this answer, the commissioners removed her name from the list, claiming that she did not “possess the necessary legal qualifica- tions for jury duty, in that she was a woman.” She hereupon petitioned for a writ of mandamus to compel the Commissioners to restore her name to the jury list, and Judge Sullivan of your Circuit Court granted her peti- tion. But upon appeal the Supreme Court denied ‘her petition in an opinion that has made necessary the battle for your rights which you good women are now waging. The Court said that while the 19th amendment had the effect of nullifying every expression in the con- stitution and laws of Illinois denying or abridging the right of suffrage to . women on account of their sex, it did not purport to have any effect on eligibility of citizens for jury service. It said, furthermore, that a law must be construed as it was intended to be understood at the time it was enacted, and that at the time the jury law was passed requiring that only legal voters could serve as jurors, the words “legal voters” or “electors” meant male per- sons only, to the legislators who passed the act and that therefore the legisla- ture did not intend that women should serve’ as jurors, but males anly, who at that time were the sole legal voters. Now let us see how the Supreme Court of Michigan answered the same question, although it came before the Court in a different way. In 1920 one Harold Bartz was con- victed in Detroit of the crime of lar- ceny. He was tried by a jury consist- ing of eleven men and one woman and on appeal claimed that he had been deprived of his constitutional right to be tried by a jury because over his strenuous objection, a woman had been permitted to sit as a juror, which she had no right to do because she was a woman. We, too, in Michigan, have had a jury law which since 1846 has pre- scribed that the proper officers shall proceed to select suitable persons, be- ing citizens having the qualifications of electors to serve as jurors. The Mich- igan Supreme Court might well have said (as did your Illinois Court) that when the legislators of 1846 enacted this law, the words “citizens having the qualifications of electors” meant to them at the time, only those who were when electors, males, and that there- fore those legislators did not intend that women, not being then electors, should serve as jurors; even though the Forty-seventh Anniversary Begin now to move these Holiday Desserts Crisp autumnal days are with us again . . . . turning the thoughts of housewives to- ward holiday dinners... . toward Mince Meat and Plum Pudding and Fig Pudding, those delightful, satisfying des- serts of fall and winter. What better time is there than now to display Heinz Mince Meat, Heinz Plum Pudding and Heinz Fig Pudding, prom- inently in your window and on your counter. Begin at once to move these happy holiday desserts. Say a word to your customers about the goodness and flavor of these three prod- ucts made by Heinz. Men- tion the fact that few women bother any longer to make their own mince meat or plum pudding — actually preferring those made by Heinz... . Get your holiday business started early — and take your profits For luncheons and early .... surely! suppers during these nippy days suggest Heinz Cooked Spaghetti SOME OF THE to your customers. You'll be surpris- ed how readily they'll respond. A counter display will help. H. J. HEINZ COMPANY PITTSBURGH, PA. g Forty-seventh Anniversary 19th amendment had later made wo- men citizens with complete electoral rights, : But the Michigan Supreme Court said this: “The purpose and object of the constitutional amendment was to put women upon the same footing as men as to the right to vote or as to being electors. Women thereby be- came electors. The moment a woman became an elector she was entitled to perform jury duty. ‘She was placed in a class of citizens and electors, from which class jurors were, under the statute, to be selected. By making a woman an elector, she is thereby placed in a class which makes her eligible for jury duty.” The Michigan court also had to leap another barrier in the shape of a con- stitutional provision reading as_ fol- lows: “The Legislature may authorize a trial by a jury of a less number than twelve men.” “Surely,” said the at- torneys, “that means that juries are to be composed of men only.” But the Supreme Court jumped that hurdle without the slightest difficulty by say- ing that the word “men” was used in its generic sense, meaning “the human race, human beings collectively,” and women are human beings. Even before that decision, and in in- creasingly greater numbers ever since, women have been serving as jurors in all the State courts of Michigan. The Federal courts still cling to the old- fashioned idea that women are not fit to act as jurors. That may have been true a half-century ago when women were either family drudges or beautiful- but-dumb household pets, without the experience to sit in judgment on the disputed facts in a lawsuit or a crim- inal case, but the twentieth century has seen woman completely emancipated from her lowly estate. The modern woman has seized upon the opportuni- ties of education until to-day she is pursuing every profession and every known line of business without asking any odds of her male competitors. In general intelligence and understanding she is the equal, if not the superior, of her husband, who is so immersed in his own business that he knows very little else. After an experience of eight and a half years on the bench of a court where there are in almost every case from three to six or more women jurors, I can say without reservation that they are an unqualified success. The claim that her natural trustfulness would lead her to swallow any plausible story that might be told from the wit- ness stand, has been dispelled by ac- tual experience. She has an intuitive ability to distinguish between truth and falsehood, and, when properly instruct- ed by the court, is more willing than men to.‘brush aside minor details of testimony with little bearing on the real dispute in a case in order to drive home to the heart of the matter. She is a much more patient and attentive listener to the witnesses and to the in- structions of the trial judge than the ordinary male juror. She is much less apt to be swayed by fraternal or po- litical affiliations which very often creep in to prejudice a man’s judgment of a case. In the trial of criminal cases she has been an agreeable sur- prise. Instead of being swayed by MICHIGAN TRADESMAN sympathy for the prisoner she is much more apt, with her wholesome respect for decency, law and order, to reserve her sympathy for the victims of the law-breaker. And that is a spirit of which we stand greatly in need in this country; less sobbing for the law- breaker and more for his innocent vic- tims, The woman called for jury service is much more willing to serve than the man. Women jurors almost never ask to be excused, while the ordinary busi- ness man, if he cannot urge one or more of the all too generous exemp- tions allowed by law will go to any lengths to invent an excuse ‘to escape service. He has as little regard for his duties of citizenship and as little loyalty to the Government that pro- tects his life and his property as the cowards in the civil war who hired substitutes to go to the front for them, or who in the kaiser’s war mutilated themselves so as to escape being drafted into their country’s service. Women do not shirk what they con- sider a public duty. As an example, I might cite to you, a young woman on my jury during the last term of court which lasted three months. She was the mother of six children, but rather than try to escape (and I would have excused her had she made any request) she parked her children with “grand- ma” and served on the jury the entire term. And she was as attentive, as careful, as intelligent a juror as I ever saw. Give me the good mother who has brought up a family, plus average intelligence, and I’ll match her against any man juror you may select. The woman juror has also brought a wholesome and refining influence into the atmosphere of court trials. Her very presence has demanded the de- cency and orderliness which should characterize a court of justice. In fact, now that women have been graduated from the class of the alien, the insane and the moron to which they were relegated while they .were denied the right of suffrage, there is no valid reason, now that they have become citizens and electors, why they should any longer be denied one of the attributes of citizenship, the privilege as well as the duty of acting as jurors. —_+++___ Getting Up an Advertisement. The following rules for writing ad- vertising copy were formulated by John H. Patterson: 1. Know your subject. Use of short wrods. Write short sentences. Make paragraphs short. Use big ideas. 6. Put only one thought in each sentence, 7. Write so that a child will under- stand. 8. Say precisely what you mean. 9. Be brief. 10. Tell the truth. 11. Write to impress the reader, not to express yourself or impress a com- petitor. 12. Never exaggerate, 13. Don’t imitate, 14. 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EDSON, MOORE & COMPANY 1702-1722 West Fort Street DETROIT ae al Aa le tala ei ae ee 90 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary NEW TYPE OF TEACHER. Educational System Which Safeguards Individuality. Society to-day is confronted with a twofold responsibility of providing a school—a new school—that will seek to safeguard individuality, allowing it free reign for expression, to the end that material, social and spiritual con- tributions may be insured to the satis- fying of all earth’s desires, At the same time this new school must instil in the lives of youth that equally noble quality of “brotherhood.” Base selfishness, greed, personal gain, indifference to social well-being—all these contribute nothing to human welfare at large. Rather, they make a hollow mockery of individual achieve- ments and in the end result in the defeat of our ideals of democracy and social equality. The “new school” becomes the agency of a society that makes the above possible. Each individual child becomes a distinct and separate being. For each one there must be individual concern, It can no longer be possible to cram into each child’s mind the same dry and uninteresting and unrelated facts. Each child’s interests must be prop- erly and individually understood and appreciated. Mass instruction, “parroting,”’ and the like, can no longer be tolerated. Uninformative and unintelligent drill and routine must find their proper place and function. Instead there must come an enlightened appreciation of individual differences and an honest and sincere effort at individualizing of instruction in an atmosphere surcharg- ed with the finest elements of social- ized experiences. With the development of mass in- struction came many evils of one sort and another, not the least of which was the apparent tendency to magnify an institution and minimize the import- ance of the product. Buildings and equipments, problems of lighting, heat- ing and ventilation, schemes of organ- ization, in fact, the details of mechan- ical administration transcended in no small measure the welfare of the hu- man element—the child. A wholesome reaction to this ten- dency, fortunately, has come. This re- action is suggested to the professional teacher by such terms as supervised study, project and problem method, units of subject matter, socialized reci- tations, individual instruction, individ- ual differences, specialized assignments, mental levels of grouping and a host of other terms. To the laymen much of this is so much Greek, Because of the influences of such organizations as the Parent-Teacher Associations, however, even the laymen are coming to appreciate and under- stand what it is all about and are com- ing to know at first hand and in an intimate fashion something of the dif- ficult times through which we are passing. We are in the midst of an effort to place the new school in its proper place in the life of every community to the end that it may satisfactorily do for human society what is now de- manded. The new school is impossible without a “new teacher.” Time was when the “Dame School,” with its dame in charge, sufficed. This institution grew out of the responsibility each mother felt for her child. Members who wished to be relieved of their duties _ sent their children to some neighbor who taught her own children, after busying herself in the meantime with her housework. Often such schools would be conducted “by elderly wom- en of straightened circumstances.” With the rise of the grammar school we are told that teachers seldom made their teaching interesting. The rod and the dunce cap were almost the only forms of motivation, Scientific meth- ods of instruction, principles and meth- ods of teaching, educational psychology and other allied subjects were un- known. Little wonder is it that efforts were futile and results were feeble. To-day all is different, Professional training, knowledge of subject matter and an understanding of human nature have made possible a new condition. For the new school we.can have a new teacher—one who is equal to her re- sponsibility and who will achieve for the profession its rightful place in every community. Many have been the attempts of writers and speakers to set forth the qualities that make for successful teaching. We have been told that the ideal teacher is sincere and sympa- thetic, the possessor of dynamic knowl- edge, a lover of the good, the beauti- ful and the pure; a good mixer, one who knows how to keep order; one who is immaculate of appearance and dress; one who is good looking; one who can be a pal. All of these are certainly important elements and ought to be the possession of all. There are, however, three elements that perhaps in a very genuine degree comprehend most if not all of these elements, In the first place, the new teacher in the new school is one who has a genuine appreciation of the past and of its many contributions to the pres- ent. I am not one of those so-called educators who have come out of the East with a new philosophy that seeks to establish the fact that each new born child has nothing in his make-up the origin of which lies in the years and ages that have gone. Any so-called “new psychology” that seeks to dis- prove our notions of inheritance—that seeks to account for all behavior in terms of learned behavior based upon present experience is to me exceedingly dangerous for acceptance, Nor is the present the only source of desirable experience. We cannot discount the valuable lesson learned by those who have gone before. The story of human struggles provide the many stimuli to present practices and beliefs and most truly pave the way to a correct understanding of present opportunities and advantages. Again, the new teacher must have an adequate knowledge and _ under- standing of the present. No teacher has any business in the classroom who To the Merchants of Michigan GREETINGS FROM FOLEY & CO. CHICAGO Gentlemen: For almost as many years as “THE MICH- I OT GT GT GT GT GT TT OT OT GT GT OT GT GT OT GT OG GT GT GT GG GT GT GT IGAN TRADESMAN” has been published, Foley & Co., Chicago, have had traveling salesmen in Michigan whose business and pleasure it has been to serve you and through you, your patrons, with Foley & Co.’s line of reliable Family Medicines, Home Drugs, and Toiletries. Mr. K. B. Simmons and Mr. Frank Boaka are both well known and welcomed in the Lower Peninsula while Mr. W. W. Williamson, is equally at home with Merchants in the Northern Peninsula. Genuine Foley’s Honey and Tar Compound is the stan- dard family Cough Syrup for Michigan, an old and well estab- lished remedy for coughs and colds all over the State. Mer- chants are familiar with it, glad to handle it, for the yellow carton with the Bee Hive is quickly recognized by everyone. Our 1931 Almanac, and our new store display cards are now ready for distribution and will be mailed on request of any Merchant who sends for them. A new series of cartoons, brilliantly colored, on Foley’s Honey and Tar, enlargements of ads now nationally advertised through “LIBERTY” and other media, will be sent at once as asked for. These are available either as window cards, window hangers or counter display. Attractive, sales com- pelling, novel and convincing, every Merchant will find that these colored cartoons act as an additional sales force in his store. To secure a set drop a card to Foley & Co., 945 George St., Chicago, Illinois. ' With the Season’s Greetings, with best wishes for more and profitable business, for your good health and increased prosperity, we are Cordially yours, FOLEY & COMPANY — CHICAGO { { { { { { { ‘ { { { { ‘ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { ‘ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { § Uf” MY- HOW THAT NL HOWELLS BoY DOE: aN INTHE OLD DAYS- SOME OF THE METHODS THE BEFORE = LUCY HOWELLS TOLD ME HE'S pap A BAD Co_D ALL WEEK, oH 4 ¥"Cou ghs years a household remedy. Quick and dependable for Coughs, Croup (spasmodic), dry, tickling throat, trou- blesome night coughs. Sedative without opiates, mildly laxative. Children like it. Mothers endorse it, exactly suits Elderly Persons. Ask for FOLEY'S, Family Size. ah Over 100,000,000 Bottles Sold Foley's Honey and Tar Compound, nationally known Cough Syrup, 55 Condensed reproduction of one of the series of cartoon ads that has appeared in “LIBERTY”, enlargements of which, brilliantly colored, will be mailed you on request. sho..thin..tie...the.thie. thin. ti. atin. tina the, ttie..the,ttin..ttin tin. tthe. wie. sie. wie. se tte sin se se se sie sie sie sie, sie sie side aie. rennin S + + < ot gy Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN > 91 does not manifest at all times a gen- uine interset in and a concern for the many influences operative at*the pres- ent time to make for the fundamental changes that have taken place and are taking place. These are days of marked influence; they are days of revolution; they are times which are changing the whole complexion of human existence and human behavior. If one’s teaching is to be virile, it must be characterized by a genuine sense of the importance of all existing environmental factors, Every child is entitled to the inspira- tion that comes from instruction clear- ly demonstrating the teacher’s pos- session of the worth-while facts per- taining to life as it is now being lived. Finally, the new teacher must be a dreamer. She must envisage the fu- ture and paint truly the picture of the new day. The past and the present are most certainly a part of her experi- ence and knowledge, but more im- portant than either of these is the abil- ity to envisage the future, to prognos- ticate the unattained and to stir the childlike imaginations of every boy and girl to the end that they too may dream ’ dreams and see visions. The new teacher in the new school is the master painter of the past, the interpretey of the living present and the builder of a future resplendent in all of its possibilities. It is only such a teacher that can inspire youth to achieve the nobler ends of social ex- istence through the individual contribu- tions of those whose abilities have been freed to manifest themselves in the fullest measure possible. G. W. Rosenlof. —_—_.~» > Control of Public Personnel Major Problem of Government. It has become quite the fashion, in recent years, for National organizations of public officials to organize a per- manent secretariat to serve as a clear- ing house and research agency and to carry on the day-to-day work of the particular organization. The Assembly of Civil Service Com- missions of the United States and Can- ada was a pioneer in this field, In 1919 at its annual meeting in Rochester, N. Y., a committee of forward-looking personnel administrators was organized for the purpose of establishing a Na- tional Service Bureauj of Civil Service Standards, After three years of persistent effort sufficient private funds were obtained and the Bureau of Personnel Admin- istration became an accomplished fact. About half of the Bureau’s annual budget is derived from private contri- butions and the remainder comes from is Own earnings. Its form of organization and con- trol is indicated in its statement of purposes. “The Bureau of Public Per- sonnel Administration,” this statement runs, “was established in 1922, with headquarters at Washington, D. C., to serve as a clearing house and research agency for. public personnel agencies in the United States and Canada. “In 1928 arrangements were made by which the Bureau serves also as the headquarters staff for the Civil Service Assembly of the United States and Canada, subject to the policies and di- rections of the executive council of the assembly, In 1929 the headquarters were moved to Chicago in order to facilitate the Bureau’s work; the Uni- versity of Chicago provides offices and certain other facilities but the Bureau retains its financial and administrative autonomy, The Bureau of Public Personnel Ad- ministration is independently supported and has no direct official connection with any Federal, State, provincial, county, city or other government body. The members of the board of trustees serve without pay and are chosen from among those actually engaged in ad- ministering a public enployment sys- tem. The paid staff is headed by a director chosen by and responsible to the board of trustees. “In deciding upon projects to be undertaken, in determining the best methods of carrying on. its research and other work, and in dealing with other problems, the board of trustees, the director, and the staff have the benefit of the advice, suggestions, and criticisms of a large number of tech- nical consultants who serve without pay; the board of trustees and the staff, however, accept full responsibil- ity for all decisions made and for all actions taken.” In carrying on its work the Bureau makes use, to the fullest possible ex- tent, of the current practices, develop- ments, and research work in both the public and private emploment fields. It often happens that the Bureau’s investigations are of almost as much interest to personnel administrators in industry as to those in the public field; in all cases the results are made equal- ly available to all. “Public Personnel Studies” is the Bureau’s principal medium of disseminating information with regard to investigations of em- ployment problems, It is the belief of those who have been closely associated with the work of this Bureau that its organizaztion is one of the most important actions that the Assembly of Civil Service Com- missions has ever undertaken, During the period of its existence there has been developed a professional con- science among the membership of the Assembly of Civil Service Commissions and conviction that the control and effective administration of the public personnel constitutes one of the major problems of good government. The Bureau not only serves as a clearing house for significant informa- tion but it also aids personnel agen- cies, when and as invited to do so, to make surveys, develop classification and compensation plans, establish service rating systems, improve the character and quality of tests and de- vise adequate administrative machin- ery. In short, it stands ready to aid, so far as its staff and resources will permit, the constructive development of personnel systems everywhere. Charles P. Messick. ——_+._ ___ A fact, unlike a dollar, cannot al- ways be used as soon as acquired. ——_2-e ~___ The man who knows nothing about a job always thinks it is easy. CITIES SERVICE LUBRICANTS Valuable aids to executives in their battle against waste. Far sighted operating executives know the effect of waste, caused by improper lubrication, on earning statements of their company. That is why so many choose Cities Service lubricants to assist them in eliminating waste and cutting down operating costs. Cities Service lubricants have proved their ability, in actual service, to cut down power losses due to excessive friction; to consume slowly, to give protection against unnecessary breakdowns and replacement costs, and to keep machinery mov- ing smoothly, quietly, powerfully without need- less interruptions. Cities Service petroleum products are backed by a billion dollar organization whose experts have the benefit of 68 years of practical lubri- cation experience. One of these experts will be pleased to discuss your lubrication problems with you. SERVIC. e~e Ss ® CITIES SERVICE OIL CO. 60 WALL STREET NEW YORK CITIES SERVICE INDUSTRIAL OILS QUALITY PROVED WHERE IT SHOULD BE PROVED ——— IN INDUSTRIAL USE Cities Service Radio Concerts, Fridays, 8 P.M., Eastern Standard Time—WEAF and 33 Stations on N.B.C. Coast-to-Coast Network. BASIC FOUNDATIONS -_ On Which Life, Liberty and Progress : Depend. Foreword: The title of the present address has no reference in particular to the subject of foundations such as would apply to the New York Com- munity Trust, the Cleveland Founda- tion, the Indianapolis Foundation, the Grand Rapids Foundation and others. The above foundations. have come to stay, because they have strong eco- nomic principles and they tend towards stability through future service to coming generations. This contribution is not a considera- tion of fundamentalism or modernism so called nowadays. Religious funda- mentals seem to be governed by differ- ences not yet clearly defined. Rev. Harry Emerson Fosdick, of New York, in his book entitled “Christianity and Progress,” treats upon the subjects last referred to in a masterful manner. In speaking of fundamentals and so forth in this book, as applying to religious teaching, he states that we may differ upon some statements as to what are considered facts in the Bible, but if we believe in God and the teachings of Jesus Christ and have a keen con- ception of the individual and social sins, we will not go far wrong. It is my opinion that in the statement he laid a foundation which is probably the corner store of his Christian ministry. Foundations: When we _ speak of foundations, we naturally refer to something solid and upon which a structure can rest safely. We often ask the question, how much will the foundation carry. Engineers can measure the carrying power of any foundation or a structure built upon a foundation. We often say of material things that they rest upon the solid rock. ‘Christ said to Peter, “Upon this Rock I will build my Church.” To you and me, there are two sure foundations in our every day business and living. The first is the multipli- cation table. The second the Ten Commandments. The multiplication table is the basis of all mathematics, As follows: 2 and 2 are surely 4, etc. Does anyone doubt this? No. We find men, however, continually trying to do wrong with figures. They attempt to arrange them in examples which will mislead and injure others. In these days of wonderful business operations, expert financing and so forth, the ar- rangement and multiplication of figures is a great art, and when cunningly ac- complished and then assisted by high pressure salesmanship, many people are very badly injured. Commandments: As to the Ten Commandments; no one argues about them or ever questions the axiomatic principles contained within them. Many men, however, do numerous things which violate the fundamental principles as found in the Ten Com- mandments. This brings about what we nowadays call disrespect for Law and rights and there a man begins to fall because he has weakened the foun- dation of his life. The Ten Command- ments embody the fundamental prin- ciples of all law and any man who a a a aa a a MICHIGAN TRADESMAN conducts himself in accordance with a full appreciation of the same will be a good man and a worthy citizen. There is, however, a tendency to-day to dif- ferentiate as to the meaning of some of these principles and that tendency is to be very much deplored. In the mul- tiplication of civil laws, together with the amendments of the same, we are weakening the regard of the average man for the fundamentals. Constitution: The constitution of the United States has for many decades been regarded as one of the greatest productions of the human mind and beyond all that, as the corner stone in the foundation of our great Nation. To my mind no amendments should have been attached to it, except they ber that instead of working from the monarch or the emperor down to the common people, we work from the common people up to the President. Americanism: There was never a time when this term possessed a more significant meaning than it has during the last ten years. In the first place, we have become more and more aware of the necessity of bringing all people in this country through education and otherwise into the American family. The occurrences in the history of the civilized nations during this period has brought more distinctly than ever be- fore the striking differences which there are between an empire, a mon- archy and America or, more properly speaking, the United States. Our Lee M. Hutchins had a bearing directly and without question upon the clear cut and dis-. tinct principles laid down in that con- stitution. I am an American through and through and I am jealous of the Constitution and I hope and pray that we will cease to attach to it by way of amendments any more of the so-called extreme developments in human so- ciety. Or to illustrate: If it can be amended as regards the use of intoxi- cants it possibly can be amended as regards the use of tobacco or the wear- ing of hair nets. I am pleased to say, however, that I believe that this Con- stitution of ours will outlast the mon- archies and the empires of other coun- tries. We have a democracy within a republic. Can we maintain it? I think we can, In doing so we must remem- methods of calculating average citizen- ship or defining what we call society in America and illustrating to the world, the freedom of the common man, are proving to be a great sur- prise, especially to the nations which are looking to us for help and direc- tion. The greater number of them cannot understand that our very rich people are not valued by their money, but by their personality and what they do with their money. Our good old Mother England cannot yet understand why a rich man or a nobleman, so- called by them, should not in this country refrain from mixing either upon the street car or upon an elevator or in any common way with the aver- age man. In Europe, when a man be- comes a landlord or a financeer of a Forty-seventh Anniversary large amount, he will seek to live upon a street and build his mansion so that he is not annoyed by any noises and where common people or, more prop- erly speaking, laborers do not go by his front door and property. It is ab- solutely true that the level of society is no higher than the average, which is struck between Prince and Pavper and in this country alone is this statement made good. This is one of the foun- dations of American life and sometimes we think it is in danger of being crumbled. The American Home: Hebrew his- tory makes us conversant with the fact that the home was the first insti- tution established on earth. In the law and the gospel as we know them, the references made to the home right- fully create in your mind and heart, as well as mine, the feeling and the knowledge that the home, next to the individual, is the most important unit of American society. In our common experiences and in our knowledge of the courts, we begin to feel once in a while that this institution is being weakened, and if this should become true, America will suffer to a very large extent and be weakened so greai- ly that many of her principles of citi- zenship and much of the moral fiber of her structure will be injured. The American home is the corner stones of American life and should be pre- served with all care. Representative Government: We are to-day disturbed and have been for some time over the scandals among our political representatives at Wash- ington. It would almost seem that they have forgotten that they are the servants of the people and that they have lost sight of the fact that they - are not in all respects representing the folks back home. A democracy with- in a republic will function and function properly if the responsibility of the representative is realized by him and if in behalf of his constituency back home, he will exercise his utmost en- deavor to preserve our Government and do so honestly and intelligently. Can it be possible that these men think that our 'Government can be respected and kept stable not only in the eyes of the American people but in the esti- mation of the world, if we must con- tinually publish scandals in high places, such as we have been obliged to do in late years? Our Government is so constructed that when we are either in peace or war, we can function rap- idly and intelligently without imperial edict or the commands of a monarch and with that, it is absolutely neces- sary for us to be diligent and honest. Liberty: I find, in looking over the foundations, which I would enumerate to you, that I should include liberty and by that I mean not only American liberty, but liberty in its purer sense. We can imagine that the emigrant who comes to this country and either has had before arriving or is informed after arriving of the meaning of the word liberty thinks that he can do anything he desires to without restraint or molestation. It is probable that it is as difficult to define the word liberty as many other words in our language. We look upon nature at this time of year and we are inclined to believe mee ssi eens antetoxevtin essa ntti antennas enone seme mesrans teseasetmni { apatites 2S aI eS s ’ . . t ON ile ape Stati: gage a apes A abies pag} Tonal, Pe A eae T= . eI * Le { ee ee a ’ . . . 4 >» Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 93 $2 years CX per LENCE facture and distribution of salt. WHEN TT RAINS-—-IT POURS We have had more than 82 years’ experience in the manu- @ This experience enables us to produce the best grade for every purpose. QBy using Morton’s brands you are assured of satisfaction and service at prices no higher than those asked for inferior salts. MORTON SALT CO... Chicago 94 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary that she proceeds in her course of de- velopment unhindered and somewhat regardless of any restraint whatever. The facts are that the great nature about us in each and every feature has its liberty to its greatest extent, when it actually develops in strict accord- ance to natural law. A bush may be ‘planted in the wrong location and not thrive, a shrub may be attacked by in- sects and be hindered in its growth and possibly die. These are no different than a complicated piece of machinery, which when every part conforms to every other part and they all work un- der their proper restrictions and law, succeed in developing the highest effi- ciency. If one part is broken or rusted or taken out or interfered with, the general efficiency is either hindered or destroyed. Men and women, ahd es- pecially those coming to us from other countries, fail to realize that a man or woman in physical existence or mental action or spiritual development is ex- actly like the shrub or machinery. We function best and accomplish most and are at the greatest enjoyment of lib- erty when we operate in perfect ac- cord with the laws in which we exist and by which we should be readily and happily governed. In fact, the man who exclaims, “I hate society,” fails to realize that he helps to make its average, and the man who objects to being hampered by moral laws and that wants to be free to. do as_ he pleases, only steps out of liberty into danger and trouble; in fact, the uni- verse teaches us that the greatest lib- erty is in conformity to law. Lee M. Hutchins. —_~++2__ Many Diphtheria Deaths Result From Neglect of Parents. Every thirty-six hours some person in Massachusetts dies from diphtheria. Nineteen out of every twenty of these victims are under ten years of age, and every one of these deaths is un- necessary. Every death from diph- theria is due to neglect, neglect on the part of the responsible person who might have prevented the disease. That responsible person is not the doctor, is not any public official, but is that person who by all laws of human- ity should be most vitally interested in the health and welfare of the child. This person is none other than the parent or guardian. The neglect may be from indiffer- ence, it may be from ignorance, or it may be from inertia, but it is none the less negiect. It is a failure to protect that child against diphtheria by the use of proven methods which science has put at their disposal. Thirty-five years ago diphtheria was rightly one of the most dreaded of the diseases of childhood. The number of children who contracted the disease was much greater than it is to-day and the proportion that died was likewise larger. Science first came to our aid when Von Behring discovered anti- toxin, a specific serum which is used to treat the disease. By the use of this serum lives are saved which would otherwise have been lost. Even to-day, however, diphtheria kills more children under the age of ten than does any other disease. Five per cent. of all those who contract the disease die from it, and during the first two years of life every fourth patient fails to survive. The number of deaths from infantile paralysis are but a small fraction of those due to the annual diphtheria slaughter. It is awful when a child dies from infantile paralysis for so lit- tle can be done to protect the child from the disease and so little in the way of treatment. But it is infinitely more awful when we contemplate our annual diphtheria toll, for back of it all we see neglect written in heavy black letters. The discovery of antitoxin was a land mark in medical progress, but an even greater step toward the goal of diphtheria prevention and control, to- ward the goal of preventing the need- less loss of life, was taken when about 1915 a method was developed of so treating a child that he or she couuld no longer contract diphtheria. This meth- od was by the use of toxin antitoxin and it is here that we must look for effective diphtheria prevention, Do not confuse the Schick test with toxin antitoxin. The Schick test, use- ful and important as it may be, is noth- ing but a test, a simple, safe and sure way of determining whether or not your child can catch diphtheria. But the Schick test goes no further than that, for it in no way protects against diphtheria. Many mothers deceive themselves with false sense of security because they are under the impression that if their child has had a Schick test that is all that is necessary. It is not all that is necessary, it is but an unimpor- tant and often better omitted prelim- inary, for we know from experience that most children under ten are Schick positive, which means that they can and may catch diphtheria. Toxin antitoxin is used to prevent diphtheria, used to protect your child from this dread disease, used to make your child no longer able to contract the disease. It consists of three simple painless injections at intervals of a week. There is no mystery about tox- in antitoxin; there are no _ hidden tricks. The material is manufactured by the State under close Federal super- vision and is furnished free through the family doctor, He can protect the child against diphtheria. Diphtheria prevention by the use of toxin antitoxin is no experiment, It has been tried on thousands upon thousands of children throughout the country. During the past ten years over 375,000 children in Massachusetts alone have been protected against diphtheria by it. In two years the city of Lowell protected over 30,000 children. This year Lawrence has protected some 19,000. Brookline, through its inten- sive use, has relegated diphtheria from the proud position it once held at the top of the list of fatal diseases of chil- dren to the point where it now classes as a medical curiosity. Although in the State as a whole there is only about half as much diph- theria as there was ten years ago, in some communities there is just as much as ever, just as much as ten, as fifteen years ago. These are the com- munities in which the children have been neglected, in which they have not been protected. While their neighbors close the diph- theria wards in their hospitals and point with pride to five years without a diphtheria death, these communities, the black spots on the diphtheria map of Massachusetts, still count their diphtheria cases each year by the hun- dreds and their deaths run into the tens and twenties. Homes are like cities and towns. Some have protected their children, their members, who are too young to care for themselves, who loyally trust in their parents to protect them against the many dangers of life. Other homes have the door wide open, and if diphtheria enters there are one or more children who can and often will catch the disease, and some of these will die. Every child is entitled to the best care and attention, to every protection of life which is possible. What mother sending her child off to school fails to warn him to watch out for the auto- mobile? Does this same mother realize that every year more children are kill- ed by diphtheria than by autos? Has this child in addition to being warned against the autos been _ protected against the greater danger of diph- theria? The time to do it is now. Every child above the age of six months should be protected against the disease. Dur- ing the first few months of life the baby has a natural protection but this is soon lost and this same baby be- comes especialy susceptible and the disease if it develops is five times as apt to be fatal. The family doctor can protect the child; the board of health may have immunization clinics. There is little comfort for the mother who has lost a little one from diphtheria, for she forever after sees staring her in the face the fact that this death might have been prevented. Dr. Ralph D. Wheeler. —_»>+~.+—____ Training in the Art of Living. Curriculum reorganization in home economics in our public schools is con- stantly proceeding. It is stimulated by the desire of supervisors and class- room teachers of home economics tc keep abreast with the times, a little ahead of the industrial, social and eco- nomic changes in our civilization, and to incorporate into their classroom practices the reforms needed for better living. According to Prof. Franklin Bobbitt, no one can speak with entire certainty as to what the curriculum should be, but there appears to be developing a common understanding among curri- culum builders that the curriculum should aim definitely at the improve- ment of human living and behavior for all persons. This, however, should not be taken to mean uniformity of behavior, for it is recognized that individual differences of inherent abilities would make such an aim forever impossible even if it were desirable. But wholesale living commensurate with native ability to enjoy should be equal for all. On nn ee eae ena E ees aC iesaeeree ner Sas a eases er teeeneray serrehtane os S*'St dase esees rns name Sar nenraS sp ENBD a teag testa ieeteonstanesesan ner ener wenescg apne The aim of education then appears to be high-grade living. To this the departments of home economics and home mechanics are making a worthy contribution of offering training to girls and boys in the daily pursuits of living. Such training aims to lift to a higher level many of the activities of human living. In the re-organization of the home economics curriculum it is expected First. (a) To determine, by means of studies and investigations, the pupils’ interests in home and community; their needs, physical, social, and economic; and their capacities. (b) To develop, in accordance with the findings of these investigations, curriculum content con- forming with the interests, needs, and capacities of the pupils and as far as possible to raise these to a higher level. (c) To formulate tests which will aid in determining whether the subject matter taught functions in the daily lives of the pupils and has important educational value for them. Second. (a) To develop in the pu- pils appreciation for home and family life. (b) To organize the pupils’ home economics work in such a way that it may serve, if needed, as basic training for gainful occupations whether in the professional or commercial world. Emeline S. Whitcomb. —_2~--+______ Efficiency in Vocational Education. The greatest degree of efficiency in vocational education can be attained only where there is close co-operation between schools, worker groups, and employers. When a vocational training program is to be set up, an advisory committee in which the school, the employer, and the worker are represented should be appointed. In co-operation with the local director of vocational education, this committee should draw up the apprenticeship regulations and inden- tures, plan the course of study and work, provide and grant certificates of graduation, and supervise the entire program, Under this plan the employer is re- lceved of any suspicion of exploitation, the worker is able to serve as a check and balance on the number entering training in various trades as well as on the selection and qualifications of the apprentice, and the school is able to perform for the young people entering the trades the work it is fitted to do and should do as the educational agen- cy of society. The school, however, should initiate and maintain the voca- tional program and become the con- tinuous sustaining factor in any co- operative project extending over a period of time. The possession of data concerning the need for training, a properly se- lected group of persons to receive training, a properly qualified instruc- tor, proper subject matter, a correct idea of the occupational standards to be attained, a plan for providing real jobs for practice training, and a plan for the placement of vocational train- ing graduates are fundamental to the organization and operation of a voca- tional program. Perry W. Reeves. ‘ va a ee 3 ; ae eT aR ser gree ene en en reer negro an eee eee Stance pari toenail rere A Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN a The COMMONWEALTH & SOUTHERN CORPORATION PROPERTIES serve Over 2,000 communities, 7,900,- 000 population in Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Illinois, In- diana, Florida, South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia. @ Electric generating capacity 3,209,359 H. P. Gas manufacturing capacity 58,545,000 cu. ft. daily 9,878 circuit miles transmission lines 123,715 circuit miles distribu- tion lines 3,094 miles gas mains @ 135,000 stockholders lan ere — py) << 1 a BN SMALLEST. . The present science of electric service—both in its technical aspects and in the elements of cost—has made obsolete the small community’s isolated power plant and distribution system. Stand- ing alone, this change would present a critical situation to the economic and social structure of the average community. Mounting costs of generating electricity i in small, low-efficiency units; absence of reserve power sources in emergency; inahility of ready expan- sion of capacity; handicaps of developing electrification of rural areas; difficulties of finance; absolescence of plant and distributing equipment created by rapid improvements of science .. . all exist, and affect civic and individual progress. But the advance of electrical science, creating its problems, brings, too, its lateral solutions. To the small community, through the present perfection of large, high-efficiency, centrally located generating plants, long distance high voltage transmission and progressive policies of interconnec- tion of plants and communities . . . there comes an adequacy, flexibility, economy and reliability of electric service not before possible. Results, such as these, and their allied public benefits, are accomplished facts to over 2,000 communities served by The Commonwealth & Southern Corporation group of public utility properties. To the smallest community, even as to the largest, there is available, and functioning, an organization supplying skill and experience in prob- lems of engineering, finance, construction, commercial development and operation. The ultimate function of such association is to bring to each the highest standards of service for the common good. ‘@Qhe COMMONWEALTE & SOUTHERN CORPORATION ‘eects AREER MPN ISL EE 9725 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary MEN OF .MARK. Douglas Malloch, Editor, Poet and Public Lecturer. My good friend Stowe has invited me to write an account of my checker- ed career for the anniversary edition of the Tradesman. [I find, on con- sulting the Encyclopedia Brittannica, Who’s Who, Mother, Shipton’s Proph- ecy, and other sources of information, that the Michigan Tradesman and I were born at about the same-time, not many years after the panic of 1873, and possibly as a result of it. I understand the Tradesman had a borrowed capital of $500 when it start- ed. JI had no such start. I hadn’t a shirt to my back. Mr. Stowe had. He had only one, but he had it. As I was unable to borrow $500, I went into the poetry business, which requires no cap- ital, or, at least, never achieves it. As a matter of fact, while I was born about the same time as the Tradesman, I did not get into literary action until a little later. I was eleven years old before I began writing for the press, when the Detroit News published my first printed poem, a not unfortunate delay. When I grew to manhood, or sup- posed I had, I was invited by Mr. Stowe to become a contributor to the Michigan Tradesman, an invitation I greatly appreciated, as the Michigan Tradesman thereby became a _ con- tributor to me. You can’t help loving a man who has paid your rent. Having confessed that I was born, I might add with pride that I was born in Muskegon, but that didn’t make any difference with Mr. Stowe. The rivalry between Grand Rapids and Muskegon was great in those days. Of course, that is now a thing of the past, as each town now realizes that it has surpassed the other. I still recall with affection Hank Spreet, the village store-keeper, a char- acter I created for the Tradesman, and who, some of you may recall, always got the best of the local wags in the long run. I don’t know whether the citizens of the community now gather around the chain store as they did around Hank Spreet’s stove in the old days, but I do know that in those times men formed their opinions in conversation and contact, instead of having them shoveled into them over the radio or in some other modern way. The Democrat and Republican used to lie down together. Which lied the more, I am not prepared to say. But I do know this, that I got my politics from men with gray beards, my ideas of honesty and thrift from men with white aprons on, and learned whatever I know about human nature from the men and women who came into the store. Muskegon in those days was “the Sawdust City.” It manufactured more lumber than any other city in the world, and it was Michigan white pine. All the male members of my family worked in the mills, the yards and the camps. All through my youth I had sawdust in my hair and splinters in my hands. I knew the lumberjack and the Indian and could use a saw, an axe and even a tally rule. As I say, the male members of my family all worked in the lumber busi- ness. I had not given any particular thought to work at all. As a matter of fact, I have done hardly a day’s work in my life. I have put in eighteen continuous hours at a desk on occa- sions, and even in these days, when at home, I am at my desk from 7:30 to 5:30, but, as I enjoy the work, it isn’t work at that. Consequently, I naturally turned to the thing I wanted to do most—to write. I did not really break into the newspaper business until I was four years old, when I began delivering them over a route four blocks long. At eleven I was not only North Mus- kegon’s newsboy, but North Muske- Young People, the Youth’s Companion (to both of which the family subscrib- ed) and the other children’s publica- - tions of that time. This magazine was offering a prize of three dollars for the best story of adventure by a pupil in the public schools of the United States. But you had to be a subscriber. I was not a subscriber. So I took the magazine home to my mother and explained to her that if she would lend me the dol- lar I would subscribe to the magazine, write the story, and, when I received the prize, repay the dollar. [I don’t know what was in my mother’s mind, whether it was amusement or amaze- ment, or what. I know I received the dollar. Some eight hundred stories were submitted in the competition. When the check arrived, I paid my Douglas Malloch. gon’s correspondent for the Muskegon Chronicle. At the age of fifteen, I hecame a c.o.w. (correspondent on the wing) for the Chronicle, and drove about Muskegon county with a horse and gig, making collections occasion- ally and writing comments regularly. At sixteen I became a full-fledged re- porter. I was already burning the midnight oil after the daylight labors, and had sold a poem to Lippincott’s Magazine, for which, to my astonish- ment, it paid me thirty-six cents a word, which added to my confidence, of which I had a superabundance already. To go back: at the age of twelve, while I was still a schoolboy at North Muskegon, there fell into my hands a copy of “Treasure Trove,” a children’s magazine, one of the most beautiful (not in typography but in editorial con- tent) of a period that saw Harper’s mother the dollar as promised and was still two dollars to the good. It was a story of a thrilling episode in a water mill in Pennsylvania. I had never been in Pennsylvania and I had never seen a water mill, but the magazine com- mented editorially on the fact that I had been wise enough to write about something that I knew something about. It was an example of that adapt- ability that all writing men must have. In this connection, I cannot refrain, even though it may toss a faint and somewhat faded bouquet at myself, from relating that, when the interurban railway was built between Grand Rap- ids and Muskegon, and when I was still in my teens, I was sent by the Muskegon Chronicle to Fruitport, where the power plant had been built, to write a description of it. I had never been in a power plant of this kind in my life. I would not have recognized a kilowatt if I had found it in my soup. Yet I was of- fered a position in the publicity depart- ment of the Westinghouse interests on the strength of that aricle. I do not tell it to brag, but to illustrate the adaptability of the writing man. What- ‘ever he is to write he first becomes. If he is writing about a soldier dying in Algiers, as he writes he is a soldier dying in Algiers. If I had known a little about the generation of electric power and its transmission, I probably would have written a very bad article, for, as Pope says, “A little learning is a dangerous thing.” Knowing nothing about elec- tricity, I had to ask; and I give myself credit for this, that I was not ashamed to ask. No good reporter guesses; he gets the facts. One day George §S. Lovelace, a Mus- kegon attorney, said to me in his office in Muskegon: “Douglas, if you want to write poetry (he knew I did), why don’t you write about the lumber business?” I began to do so. It led to my being called to Chicago to become one of the editors of the American Lumberman. In 1906 appeared my first book, “In Forest Land.” The American Lumber- man published other books of mine, and other volumes were published from time to time by the George H. Doran Company, the Bobbs-Merrill Company, Doubleday, Doran & Company, and my present publishers the Reilly & Lee Co. I had, in the meantime, raised my sight a little, enlarged my field of vis- ion, and begun to write about life in general. In 1920 I was asked by the McClure Newspaper Syndicate in New York to begin doing a daily poem. These poems appear daily in the Grand Rapids Press, Muskegon Chronicle, Lansing State Journal, and a large number of the other newspapers of America. With this and my contribu- tions to magazines, I have increased my. audience, I am happy to say, to many millons of people—real people, in the stores, on the farms, in the homes. It is a great audience to which to speak, and a great responsibility. Then there is that audience that I know by personal contact. I suppose I am expected to say something about that. I began by addressing the lum- ber conventions. Then the Chicago Association of Commerce took a chance and enlisted my services as an occasional speaker. Since that ti:ne— well, my office recently compiied a list of 1,562 meetings I have addressed in “562 communities and thirty-nine states. So, aside from making 1,562 speeches, publishing eight books, writng a poem a day for ten years for the syndicate, and about as many more for other pub- lications, serving as President of the Press Club of Chicago and of the So- ciety of Midland Authors and other organizations, and traveling from thir- ty to fifty thousand miles a year, I have done very little. In fact, as I said earlier, I have never worked at all, for I have found as much fun in doing the little I have done as E. A. Stowe has found in editing the Michigan Trades- man for forty-seven years. Douglas Malloch. =. ¢. i le ROE. Lt The Silvery Lining. Madly he clasped her in his arms. The tears trickled down her cheeks like rain drops on the petals of a beau- tiful rose. Longingly he gazed into her eyes. “Darling,” he said, “let me kiss those tears away.” And then he kissed her, and kissed her, and kissed her, and kissed her. But the tears still fell ceaselessly. He clasped her still more madly in his arms and drew her close to his manly breast. : “Dearest,” he murmered, looking straight into her tear-stained eyes, “Can nothing stop those tears?” “No,” she sighed, “It’s hay fever— but go right on with the treatment.” ——_+>-+___ Since the streets became so congest- ed the question is, “Have we time to take a taxi or shall we walk?” —» 2 ___-— The duller the vistor the longer he stays. Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN This shoe will not sell itself But it will and does sell the next pair Mr. Shoe Dealer, you know you-can sell almost any piece of merchandise in your store that you make up your mind to sell. You know you sell more of the goods you are sold on your- self, the ones you have confidence in, gained thru your own experience and the experience of your customers. The most convincing argument to you is to have customer after customer come back and say ‘I want another pair like these.”’ Then, to know that another pair “like these” can be sold at a profit, while the customer likes itis it, and then to know, too, that to get another pair “like these”, the customer must come to your store and your store only, if he buys in your trading area, is your doubly good reason for having made a real effort to sell your customer his first pair of Wolverine Shell Horsehide shoes. Wolverine Shell Horsehide shoes have virtues all their own. The Wolverine dealer can tell the story of that inner shell, double tanned for double wear,—leather that is mellow, foot comforting and stays so, — - leather that wears longer while keeping the foot comfortable,—leather them,—Wolverine Shell Horsehide leather that can be had only in the uppers as well as soles of Wolverine Shoes, which are sold only by Wol- verine dealers. Leather and Shoes, whose vital sales points cannot be duplicated by your competitor who sells ordinary cowhide shoes, — Wolverine Shell Horsehide Shoes, which in spite of their virtues and exclusive sales feat- ures sell for no higher price than other work shoes are good shoes for you to sell. ‘Ask the dealer who does sell them, and the man who wears them.” Write to us for details regarding our merchandising plan. No obli- gations. RINE WORK GLOVES Tanning Corp. WORK SHOES Shoe and ROCKFORD, MICHIGAN , , j j } , j j , ] j j , , j , , j j , } j , } j } } , , j j , } } } that brings the wearer back for another pair of shoes when he needs j , , j , } } } , j j , } , j } , } , } j j j , , j , j j j a 100 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary OUR CANNING INDUSTRY. 1930 a Most Peculiar Year in Canning Trade. Michigan’s canning industry has had a satisfactory season during 1930. This statement is intended to mean actually as well as comparatively. While it has not been the most profitable year in the history of the industry it has not been the least profitable. Indeed, it has paid dividends in satisfaction aside from those in cash distribution. The manner in which it has over- come the handicaps of unfavorable crop conditions in many lines and met a trying commercial situation has marked a satisfactory condition in re- sourcefulness and solidity all along the line. It proves, rather definitely, that the canning industry is on a sound basis, through a survival of the fittest and the adoption of advanced scientific practice in manufacture and well prov- en methods in merchandising. The canning industry is in a satis- factory condition in Michigan at this time because the men engaged in it, for the most part, have experience in the undertaking and faith in its future. They have vision, rather than visions. Practically all of the “weak sister” or- ganizations have fallen by the wayside and the industry is on a bedrock foun- dation. Dependent as it is upon the vagaries of wind and weather, in the supply of raw material, the bounty of nature, to a large degree, determines the volume of output and being circumscribed to an equal degree with other industries by the measure of prevailing prosper-. ity, its destiny must be worked out within its peculiar limitations by the enterprise and genius of those who have it in hand. Weather conditions during the seas- on of 1930 cut down the volume of raw material for various canning products, thus holding the output below the normal capacity of many plants. In some instances nature may have been more wise than the full desires of the proprietors would have proven. Had there been full crops of all the fruits and vegetables entering into can- ning operations in Michigan what would have been done with the output is not only difficult to state but sad to contemplate. Cherries, a crop which has, within a comparatively few years, advanced to the first place in volume and value among Michigan’s canning products, Was an exception to the reference above. According to the best informa- tion obtainable the cherry pack in Michigan this year — including both heat and cold processing—was 31,243,- 000 pounds, as compared with 16,340,- 000 pounds for 1929 and 29,564,000 pounds in 1928; or, by more than a mil- lion and a half the largest poundage in the history of the industry in this State. In passing, a table on the estimated cherry pack of 1930 East of the Rocky Mountains may be of interest. These figures are from a survey made by Mr. H. C. Schau, of the Dunkley Co., Kalamazoo, generally accepted as an authority on the subject: Michigan -____- ------ 32,243,000 Ibs, Wisconsin __-___--__- 10,401,000 Ibs. Ohig 2 = 1,290,000 ibs. Colotate 5,248,000 Ibs. New VYorr 42,370,000 Ibs. Neltacka =... 2 25,000 Ibs. Pennsylvania ____-____ 459,000 Ibs. The Michigan estimate for 1928 and. 29 are from the co-ordinated reporting service of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Verne H. Church, statis- tician, and the Michigan Department of Agriculture, Herbert E. Powell, Commissioner, In 1928—except for this season the peak crop year — the cash paid by Michigan canners for cherries was, ac- cording to this combined agricultural survey, $2,019,453, as compared with $792,756 for all other fruits, including ed to induce Michigan canners to defy natural economic law. Pears have been growing in favor and volume as a canning commodity in recent years through more intelli- gent harvesting and scientific process- - ing, z Among the vegetables, asparagus is being looked upon with more favor - and the 1930 Michigan pack was prob- ably its largest, following a drop of more than 50 per cent. in 1929 from the 1928 output. The Michigan product is declared by authorities to have superior dietetic properties over the California bleached article, being richer in vitamins and devoid of toxic ele- ments. It is a crop which might easily outgrow the demand and canners un- Harry M. Royal. berries, and $1,429, 298 for all vegetable canning crops whatever. In 1929 the crop value was- $1,229,902 for cherries, $860,483 for all other fruits combined and $1,492,661 for all vegetables. The bulk of Michigan canned cher- ties were sold on futures at $1.90 for 2’s and $9 for 10’s and were delivered on that basis. Neither apples nor peaches were a big pack in Michigan this year. Local prices on both commodities seemed attractive in some canning localities but the demand was too weak to encourage more than a small speculation, in view of a carry-over that was unprofitable and the reports of California’s bumper peach crop. The coast state tried out a plan to keep the surplus off the mar- ket, but it was not sufficiently develop- dertaking its promo’ 5n will wisely watch the acreage. The pea crop got past the drouth in a really remarkable manner and was surprisingly satisfactory as compared with its one time promise—or lack of it. Beans (white and kidney) take first place in first hand value among Mich- igan vegetable canning crops. .Because of unfavorable growing conditions dur- ing 1930 Michigan slipped behind Cali- fornia this year in the bean yield. The story of canning volume and value on this product is, however, yet to be told. Present farm and warehouse prices would seem to be attractive as compared with some other years. But here, again, the prospective demand for the canned product does not promise a sufficient profit for any large action, except by canners whose plants are especially adapted therefor and with a well established market, String beans are third to dry beans and peas in their first hand value. They have been a bit overdone in recent years. There was a surplus crop and canned output in 1929 and an 18 per cent. esti- mated acreage increase in 1930. Owing to the drouth, however, the crop was cut short and a better market condition is now indicated. In view of apparent unfavorable weather conditions tomatoes made a yield generally surprising and the cat- sup supply should be fairly sufficient. But strawberries, « Michigan super- delight to the palate, were practically nil except in isolated spots, especially favored. The raspberry crop was shortened to a lesser degree but suf- ficient to make a strong market. Spots are now at a higher mark than the futures at which the major portion of the pack was sold. Among the specific reasons for the satisfactory condition in the Mich- igan canning industry, along with up- to-the-minute practices in processing, are the advances in marketing methods such as the use of containers appealing to a larger purchasing public and dis- tributing through more diversified re- tail agencies. For instance, there is the eight-ounce line of the W. R. Roach Co. This writer has not yet found these miniature meals on a 5-and10 bazaar counter, but has no doubt that he might and they are popular at deli- catessens. There have also been some new in- traductions which promise to be val- uabie additions, such as the Gerber baby food line being developed and distributed by the Fremont Canning Co. An incident of the season worthy of mention was the action of some can- ners in the practical dissemination of information upon the legal aspect of a crop contract. Although naturaily un- pleasant it served to clear the atmos- phere befogged by previous misconcep- tion. That a comract is something be- sides a scrap of paper was necessary -information, apparently, and it was well impressed in several instances. If there was some provision of law to make truckers guilty of illegal com- plicity, as receivers and conveyors of contracted crops, it might halt this gentry in their seductive practices, A year ago a matter of much interest and speculation was that of “grower owned and controlled” entry into the fruit canning business in Michigan, particularly on cherries. The develop- ment during the year presented no serious interference with the operation of the industry as established and con- tinued. Perhaps one-fourth of the cherry tonnage in Michigan was can- ned by or for associated growers oper- ating under the Farm Marketing Act. It is a bit too early to write the his- tory, or even prognosticate the pros- pects, of this movement. As was point- ed out in the Tradesman’s anniversary edition last year the undertaking must stand or fall upon its measure of merit and service. That is a proposition * a a a en + et . ~ < ieee ot. al serene, ™ . . e hh —__ ee ___— é > < ¥ - : - 4 o ee ~ * “ € . < : f >. ; { e ee ee 4 > 4 r t Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN » FOR MORE THAN HALF A CENTURY We have been distributing Groceries at Wholesale in Mich- igan. ‘This year we will sell * -—= Oo -_= GR & t CL 62 OD RRS Lae) iy) Sy) & a oe DRGENGOR LS ee 4 & More Groceries to More Grocers Than in any previous year. We make this statement not in a spirit of boastfulness but as evidence of the fact that Pioneer Quality Foods are finding a readier and wider sale each year. 2 BeBe SSSS We want to thank our retail friends for the patronage that has enabled our business to steadily grow even in times of business de- pression. CG os 2 Iam SYMONS BROS. & CO. Michigan’s “Pioneer” Wholesale Grocers SAGINAW ALMA JACKSON oa —— Se @ é BROLROLRLOG LOG OGLE, Dy Y, SS 102 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary which ought to be held clearly in mind in considering this, or any other, feat- ure of the industry. When the returns are all in upon this year’s experience we shall be in a better position to judge the future. Nothing has thus far oc- curred of a stampeding nature. There were sixty-four state licensed processing plants operating in Mich- igan during the season of 1930. This is a considerable decrease from the number existent some years ago, prin- cipally because license requirements have been removed from small oper- ators on such commodities as horse- radish and from home kitchens making only local sales. Michigan’s regulations, however, re- main as the highest standard for the trade and the Michigan standard has been paid the high compliment of being the universal goal for quality products. This review would be incomplete without reference to the influence for improved and improving practice, in every detail of the industry, exercised by the Michigan Canners’ Association, through the efforts of its officers and the hearty co-operation of its mem- bership. The writer has no hesitancy in saying that this organization, which meets in annual session upon the day when this will be printed, has had a successful year and, in common with the industry which it represents, will enter upon the new year better equip- ped for future usefulness. And, we repeat, Michigan’s canning industry has had a satisfactory season in 1930. Harry M. Royal. —__o_-»___ The Lack of Inner Spirit Endangers the Average American Home. If our homes are to be better in the finest and best sense there must be a cultivation of that almost indefinable something that we call the “Inner Spirit.” The home is the basic unit of modern society. The very foundations of National glory are set in the homes of the people, and they will remain unshaken only while the home life is strong, simple and pure. I believe the greatest factor in building and con- serving the integrity of the home life is the Christian religion. Please do not misunderstand me. I am not now try- ing to emphasize any particular inter- pretation of the teachings of the Mas- ter of Men. That can be very safely left to the individual conscience. How- ever, I am greatly concerned that each of us shall approach and give consid- eration to the subject with an open mind and an honest heart. The homes of America are, in a sense, breaking down. Every phase of modern society seems to be organized against the home. Good roads, the automobile, the rapidly growing inter- est in all forms of outdoor sport and amusement — golf, tennis, boating, camping; moving picture shows; the ever increasing demand, social and political, upon the time of our splendid women; the apartment house with its sign, “no children allowed;” our pres- ent day industrial system seems to be so organized as to make the practice of religion in the home exceedingly difficult. The diminishing estimate of the sanctity of the marriage vows has gotie far to break down the integrity of the home life. The irregularity of hours, the infrequency when families can come together as a unit, afford excuse to parents who are inclined to follow the line of least resistance. The reckless reading of cheap literature and the subtle and dealy anti-home propaganda scattered broadcast in places of cheap entertainment have become a menace to modern life. Per- haps the most fatal danger grows out of the dismissal of religious responsi- bility from the family group. We have made the home a secondary institution in our whole program of religious edu- cation for youth. This has been a great blunder. We have been talking in terms of supplementing the work of the church by extending our program of religious training to the weekday schools and to the home. We must now turn the task end for end. The home holds the place of primary re- sponsibility in the program of religion. There is no priesthood like the priest- hood of parents. We have come to the time when we must accord the home the place of first importance, and be- gin to deal with it as the very heart of our whole religious program—a pro- gram that must be defined in terms of life and be considered as an essential, and not a convenience, and made so natural and fascinating that it will be a delight and a joy. My statement as to the ever increas- ing social and political demands upon our fine women deserves more than a passing thought. I am fully conscious of our obligation to the community and of the necessity of giving a modicum of our time to creating wholesome con- ditions: for no matter how well we may train our own children, they are sub- ject to the influences emanating from the homes of our neighborhood. There are women who have successfully rais- ed their families and who out of a wealth of wisdom gained through this experience can render a great service to the community in this direction without calling upon women who have - families to train. The danger hours in the life of our youth are from 3 o’clock in the afternoon until they are safely tucked away in bed, and especially the hours from 3 until 6:30—the dinner hour—and it is largely during these hours of greatest danger that social and political demands take our women away from their homes. A woman has no greater mission in life than to be a good wife and mother, and that means a good home without question. I in- vite your thoughtful consideration of this point in“safeguarding the interest of the home. Formerly, the home was the con- trolling center of interest. Let us use our influence and energy to restore it to its old time place. The call to an aroused and rejuvenated parenthood is more insistent to-day. The service of America is in the balance, Youth is summoned on all sides. The world wants to know what democracy means and what it can do. If it means any- thing, it means respect for authority and law, self-control, individual ef- ficiency, liberty of mind and conscience, high ideals, service for the many. Our grandparents possessed these things. Our parents soberly resolved to main- tain them. Our youth know little of them, and these youth will make the Nation of to-morrow. They must car- ry on the work of armies and of states- men of the hour. The stirring events of the last few years have compelled us to learn anew the primal things of life. We are going back to the funda- mentals of law and order, of individual and social well-being. Youth is looking on, wondering and wide-eyed, is watching the behavior of men and women as never before, and is being asked to exemplify those traits and principles of life and conduct for which we have given little training and less example. In this hour ycuth needs the guidance of the fatherly hand, the eye-searching love of the motherly heart; and fathers and mothers them- selves need most of all in themselves the regenerating fire of chastened spir- its, of sobered consciences and purer desires. And in thinking more of their duties toward their children, they must also think more of their children’s duties toward them. Just as the Nation must work out its democratic salvation from within, so parents must find the key to the wise direction of the ex- panding lives of their children from within. They must, in deed and in truth, lose their lives in order that they may find them. Not gold, but only men, can make a nation great and strong; Brave men who work while other: sleep, Who dare while others fly. They build the pillars of a nation deep, And life them to the sky. Henry R. King. —_+-+___ Soap will clean the hands, but for the spirit give us a high wind at sea. c ‘New tra Life Sees Home 2 Y Se Lu¢ New Home of New Era Life Association : 6 s+ (ws aid a MICHIGAN TRADESMAN ~ In Grand Rapids it’s HOLSOM In Muskegon it’s HOLSUM In Battle Creek it’s HOLSUM In Jackson it’s Butter-Nut In Kalamazoo it’s Creamo scales tissu nmin coneteseinssenibatrn atest 104 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary WHAT IS YOUR PROVERB? You Should Have One You Can Believe In. In the background of every success- ful man’s life is a proverb or a precept, which a very little psychology will dis- cover thas been an impelling force in his life. This does not mean that he has a certain sentiment pinned to his lapel, as he would :wear a flower; more than likely he is not conscious that any particular saying influences his actions, It is rather expressed in his personality. It is a mental reaction which will be found to correspond to some proverb more or less familiar to us all. Of course, we must allow for a large percentage of ‘human driftwood in our population who submit entirely to the current of existing circumstances with- out sail or compass of their own. They keep going, but they seldom arrive at any particular place. They work, fre- quently they worship, but they have few virtues apart from smelling of bread and butter; both of which are honest and nourishing. Then, too, all successful men (as we use the word) are not good men, nor are all proverbs good proverbs; it is a fact that somehow they get together that concerns this article. We often meet men ‘whose business relations keep repeating, “Every man for himself and the devil take the hindmost.” Such men usually observe the letter of the law. They do not shirk their business obligations but, we are careful to cut the cards when they deal. It is a bit strange how this saying will show itself in their conver- sation. Most of us advertise our na- tures. Then we have met the man whose ego protrudes so far he cannot see his limitations. ‘““He is sure the can teach crowing because he knows how to gobble.” If we bought them at their price and sold them at the market, we would find tthe stock exchange a better venture, Sometimes proverbs develop very early in life. This is an age of amuse- ment complex. The facilities for en- tertainment are increasing and the necessity for responsibility, on the part of the young, is decreasing, very often we meet young folks scarcely out of their teens with a motto in life well developed. “Eat, drink and be merry, for to-morrow we will inherit.’ We Americans are finding it hard to learn that although much of the power of wealth and position may be ‘handed down to those who succeed us, they descend in the nature of quantities only, as the qualities of judgment and character are built into life through experience which requires a personal contact with natures laws. It is a process of living rather than the magic of a gift. Inheritance adds more to pride than to appreciation. What marvels our history recites in the lives of those forefathers of ours. Without the help of rapid transit, mod- ern machinery, telephone service, radio or electricity, and in most cases, lack- ing the finish of college, both as to culture and sports, most of them would have defined a football as a bunyon; yet these men excelled in the precepts of statesmanship, in the in- spiration of eloquence, in the power of personality which grew from obscure beginnings to the establishing of an intellectual aristocracy that is still the pride of our American life. Albert Bushnell’ Hart says: “The Federal convention of 1787 was the ablest body of men ever gathered in the United States.” Verily, “In these days there were giants.” I do not have in mind to generalize so much as to particularize although © it-has been wisely said, “People will not look forward to posterity who n¢ver look backward to their ances- tors.” However, the inspiration for this effort came from the Tradesman; particularly through its attitude toward the chain store; I contend that the editor has a proverb hanging up above his medulla oblongatta that he has family was a part of the social order, they had self respect and were re- spegted by others and their prosperity was shared with every movement for the community good. The chain store plan is to send out from thheadquarters a branch whose purpose shall be to ex- tract whatever profit the community can be persuaded to part with and send it to the city where its real interests are. It may be rather nice to have a new business open up in your neigh- borhood and see a big name on the ‘front, but there is no proprietor on the inside—just a manager who receives a wage (hardly a salary) and must fol- low the rules laid down for all man- agers. He has no initiative nor local interest. He may be transferred at any Frank Welton. never seen. It is in no way original. It is as old as Hebrew history and as true to-day as it was when first spoken. It was intended for a people who were wrecked ‘because they failed its ad- monition, and it is as much needed by this Nation, grown strong until envy surrounds its every border. When chain store merchandising be- came aggressive-in the territory of the Tradesman, the comments and editor- ials were quite vitriolic. I was rather curious as to the policy. It seemed as if it might lose some advertising. and would not increase the circulation much, but it did not take much reading to discover there was something in the background of those articles more than a casual opinion. They looked ahead, to the effect on the local merchant who was a part of the community. His time. It reminds one of Goldsmith’s lines: Ill fares the land to hastening ills a prey, — wealth accumulates and men de- Surely it is not big stores which build wp a community. It is the peo- ple who have built themselves into the humanity of the place; men who can say Yes and No without ‘having to wire headquarters. In recent years California has been adjusting its banking practice to new conditions. They talk very loudiy of the greater convenience offered by branch offices and we surely do have a bank on about every other corner. Each branch thas a manager who will accept all your deposits and extend to you the glad hand, but if you desire a loan the can only take your appdlication and submit it to a committee remote 2 ee nh ail en from your location and acquaintance. Taking your money on deposit is quite another matter. A bank charter, as it was conceived by those who framed the law, had in mind that the money of a community when deposited in its bank should be used, under conserva- tive methods, to aid and develop tthe business. and private interests of the “community of its depositors first. If there was a surplus it might be other- wise invested to the profit of the insti- tution. It is not primarily a desire to extend a larger service that we have so many banking offices in California, It is because of a bitter competition be- tween banking groups. Not long ago I visited with an ex-furniture mer- chant in Santa Monica. He is a sub- stantial and reputable citizen of that community. He has two children in the, University. His store had grown to occupy several store fronts. He said the could not ignore the install- ment selling which has become so gen- eral in nearly all merchandising and during the life of the independent bank he was able to get all the assistance he needed to conduct his business on a profitable basis. The local officers and directors of the bank knew him and his methods of doing business. But when the bank became a branch of one of the city institutions, this applications had to be passed on by a committee strange to him and not particularly interested in his business. He found it difficult to get loans ‘when he needed them to keep up his stock and carry -his contracts, and he sold out and was then the manager of ‘the store he for- merly owned. I think this instance well illustrates the change which will gradually overtake the branch idea of merchandising. We might well muti- late the well known lines of Bobby Burns: Oh wad some power the giftie gie us, To see oursels’ as others (will) see us, (ten years hence) It wad frae monie a blunder frae us, An foolish notion. Any movement, commercial or otherwise, which replaces independence o{ action with mere routine of obedi- ence points toward a danger we should think about; because “Where there is no vision, the people perish.” This is the proverb which hangs in the edi- tor’s mind. Then if you will add to this proverb “A healthy hatred of scoundrels,” you have a pretty good line up as to his editorial policy. In the study of our history, which is but the “essence of innumerable biographies,” this desire to look ahead tempered the discussions and decided the acts of our statesmen. In the pre- amble to the constitution they an- nounce the desire to “secure the biess- ings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.” This vision of a greater country was the measure of their de- votion. No doubt we have much of that devotion yet, but it is so often compromised by the desire for re- election that we find tthe word politics taking the place of the earlier word statesmanship. When the Colonies began to experi- ence difficulties with England, Edmund Burke addressed Parliament with these words: “There is America, which at this day serves for little more than to amuse you with stories of savage men and uncouth manners, yet before you er wt Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 105 American Light @ Traction Company ~#] Organized in 1901 }+- Controlling, through its ownership of stock, Public Utility Properties ~~ Serves a population of 3,100,000 with Gas 385,000 with Electricity 290,000 with Street Railway Service In 1929 Gas Sales increased 7.35% Electric Sales increased 47.75% Street Railway Revenue Passengers Carried increased 1.% American Light & Traction Company 105 West Adams Street, Chicago 120 Broadway, New York 106 taste death it will show itself equal to the whole of the commerce which now attracts the envy of the world.” And because Parliament had mot this vision the Colonial policies of England per- ished. It was the custom of Theodore Roosevelt, when starting on a trip, to go forward and shake hands with the engineer. He appreciated the responsi- bility this man ‘had in making his jour- ney a safe one. The outstanding abil- ity this engineer must possess was good vision. ahead and recognize a danger signal, if there was one, or they might all perish. The outstanding urge in American life to-day is speed. We want to travel fast. We want to receive the news quickly. We want wealth early. We want the panorama of life to move con- stantly and rapidly. It is not so much amusement as it is thrills we are after Thrills are like dope. The dose must be constantly increased or it fails to satisfy. If we travel leisurely the cop says, “Step on it, you are impeding traffic.” If you prefer to play cards for relaxation only, you must be con- tent with solitaire. If you don’t smoke, you Jack a social accomplishment. If you prefer to read books not reeking with sex, crime or passion, you must wait for occasional issues. It is all a symptom of a neurotic complex. We cannot altogether avoid it, but we should at least have vision to see its dangers. There is a saying, “A man on the street does not know a star in the sky.” It must have been said a long time ago, if a man stops in the street to look at a star to-day, his spirit will start for one, pronto. Another wise Hebrew said, ‘“Whatsoever thou takest in hand, remember the end, and thou shalt never do amiss.” Have a proverb, one you can believe in, hang it over the fireplace of your ambition and when you sit before it and “toast ithe toes of your soul” think upon it, for “As a man thinketh in his heart, so is he.” Frank Welton. ——_——_2++___ High-Swiss Sandwiches, Swiss cheese is made from the milk of goats which inhabit the Alps Moun- tains and get their exercise by jumping from peak to peak. Almost every day or so a goat will miss his footing and fal down and go boom. He or she be- comes crippled and is obliged to stay down in the low Alps. Only the thor- oughbreds can stand the pace at the top. Anyone knows that a healthy, high-spirited goat will give better milk than one which has lost its ambition and is forced to live down in a dark valley. Hence the milk of the high- Alps or high-hat goat is highly prized by the Swiss cheese makers and is used exclusively in the churning of High Swiss Cheese. High Swiss is characterized by a rich, creamy color and pungent savor and by over-size ventilators. On account of the large holes, High Swiss is popular in all parts of the world except Scotland. ———_»2<+____ Just a Hallucination. - ‘Insurance Agent: Have you any in- sanity in your family? Housewife: Well, my husband imagines at times he is head of the house. He must be able to see - MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Incidents in the Life of a Lodge Man. The members of the local San Diego B. P. O. Elks thave treated me so nicely and made my _ stay ‘here so pleasant that I enjoy their hospitality very much in their club house and lodge. The other day I spoke to the Rev. J. Osborne, one of the prominent past ex-rulers and local Episcopal ministers, about our Daisy lodge and I referred to an instance that brought my lodge life of thirty-five years ago to my mind. You will remember the little Episcopalian church on the hill, which my wife attended and the young: minister they had there. Well, he wanted to join the Elks and spoke about it to this deacons, who, in turn, told him ‘that if he did, he would have nothing to gain and everything to lose, as the Elks were a tbad lot. “Well,” he answered “If that is the case, it is time for a minister to join.” He was elected and initiated. On the follow- ing Easter Sunday the Grand Rapids Elks were invited to his church and the front rows were reserved for us L. Winternitz. and our families. The little church was nicely and appropriately decorated. We arrived about ten minutes late and about seventy in number. When the contribution plate was passed our ex- ruler fined us $1 apiece and about $70 were handed to our little minister— who, in turn, transferred it to the deacons and said, with thanks to the Elks, that this was the largest con- tribution they had ever received on any Easter Sunday. About thirty years ago while I was on the road for the Fleischmann Co., working around Des Moines, I was in- vited to a blue lodge meeting where the chairs were filled by past masters. The hall was crowded and the work was given to perfection. I was en- thusiastic and asked to be recognized by the chair, the W. M. I was in every day clothing and I took him for an Iowa farmer. I took it upon my- self to congratulate him on the way he delivered the various lectures and ask- ed the brethren to show their apprecia- tion by a rising vote. The old gent stepped from the platform and invited me ito meet him on the level and asked me to be his guest the next day. I thanked him and said I would gladly come, but I did not know where to find him. He said, “I thought you did not know who I am. Cgme to the Capital and ask for Chief Justice Mc- Carthy and you will dine with us.” L. Winternitz. —_+~++___ Better Marketing of Potatoes Helpful. With a total crop value approximat- ing $500,000,000 in 1929, the potato is foremost in value among vegetables produced in the United States, accord- ing to an oral statement Nov. 12 at the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Department of Agriculture. Potatoes are the chief money crop of many large regions and are an im- portant staple in many others, while they are grown for home supply and local markets in almost every farming district in the country, it was stated. Potatoes are consumed in fairly large quantities in most homes, giving that vegetable a general popularity. Further information furnished by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics fol- lows: The many factors affecting the po- tato crop vary the production greatly, even from one year to another. Bad weather conditions often have a con- siderable effect in reducing production. Many farmers with suitable land raise potatoes only when prices are attrac- tive. As a result the total value of the crop often varies considerably. For instance in 1919 with high postwar prices, the value of the potato crop in this country was placed at $515,000,- 000. In 1929 the total value of our production reached $470,000,00, while in an intermediate year with prices low the value of our potato crop in one year totaled only $250,000,000. The late or main crop of potatoes comprises about 80 to 85 per cent. of the total production. Unlike the early crop, which is sold as fast as dug, the late crop is sold all winter and through the early summer of the following year, thus requiring different methods of marketing. Most of the late crop is harvested after Sept. 1, while Octo- bre is the month of heaviest movement to market. In the marketing process, the han- dling of potatoes at the shipping point is plainly one of the principal items in deciding how the potatoes from one section shall stand in the consuming market in competition with those from another section, Within the past few years the grading of the crop has come to be considered fundamental to com- mercial handling. Federal and state co-operative in- spection service at shipping points is available in most of the important producing states. This Federal-State service is offered for a small charge per car. The use of this service is optional with the growers or shippers. Some shipping organizations have their own grades and hire their own inspectors to ensure uniformity of stock shipped under their various marks. Shippers in most sections of the late-crop states have voluntarily adopted the United States standard grades for potatoes, and stock that is not shipped ““field run” is graded according to the United States standards. Forty-seventh Anniversary Finding the Causes For Mental De- fects. It would be foolish for anyone to argue seriously that the increase of percentage of incarcerations of the feeble-minded and insane in any way indicates that the average intelligence of the State of Illinois is on the de- -cline, On the other hand, it is very clear that the increase is the result of in- creased discrimination on the part of the general public and an increased determination to separate the socially unfit from contact with the general public. If the figures do not disclose anything else, however, they make it perfectly clear that the time has come when much more money must be spent in studying methods of cure and pre- vention than has ever been spent in the past. What is the mysterious affliction which causes a minority of our youth to come to us from birth with inade- quate minds? Is there any possibility within the field of science to awaken a sluggish brain, or by remedial opera- tions to cause tissues to function which naturally fail to do so? What truth, if any, is there in the popular notion that limiting the privilege of parenthood to the mentally fit will in time eradicate feeble-mindedness? Is it true, as so frequently is aver- red, that feeble-minded parents beget feeble-minded children, or is there merit in the counter suggestion that feeble-minded parents live in unhealthy and squalid surroundings and_ their children are more likely to be starved from birth, physically, morally, spirit- ually and intellectually, and that as a consequence of this starvation after birth, feeble mentalities result? We can get the answer to these questions only by research among the unfortunate group who are afflicted. This research has been made, is being made and will in the future be made. It is hoped that the pain in the hearts of our fellow citizens caused by the feeble mentality of their relatives may be spared in future generations by the discoveries which may be made. Louis Emmerson. —_++ ___ I Am the Store. I am the last link in the chain of distribution; I am the point of contact between the million-dollar factory and the buy- ing public; I am responsible for the maintenance of mills, the flaring of forges and the humming of myriad looms—for, with- out me, the products of the world could not be sold; I am the lever that moves billions of dollars’ worth of merchandise every year; I am the personification of “the store” in the minds of the customers; I am the recipient of their difficulties, the repository of their troubles; I am the beneficiary of an occasional “Thank you,” the legatee of countless complaints; I am, in the final analysis, the store— Even if I am only the clerk behind the counter. saci ahactes ais x ir Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 107 Getting Back Our Wil To Win-- - It has taken forty years, and seven major business depressions within that period to prove quite conclusively that how quickly or how slowly National business emerges from the valley of depression depends upon good old Yankee initiative. It is easy enough to shift the blame to politics — to over- production—to machinery—to tariffs — or what not; but the fundamental cause of business depression is the free play of pessimism and our initiative or the Will to Win shrivels up because of it. We see evidences now of unlocking the handcuffs. Those individuals who re- fuse to drift with the current — who have the ambition to demonstrate that they are masters of their own destiny A Capacity To Serve That Wins Everlasting Confidence. GU are laying the foundation for vast financial gains. The psychological ef- fect of their optimism on the masses will have its obvious results. Securities and bonds are at new low levels. Therein lies a golden oppor- tunity for every investor. Savings bank deposits are the highest on record— credit conditions are favorable. This is the condition which has always been the foundation of business expansion. To take advantage of these opportuni- ties simply demands proof of our Will to Win. Drop in and let’s talk it over. We shall be glad to analyze your present hold- ings. Phone 4774 PETTER, CURTIS & PETTER INC. Investment Bankers and Brokers GRAND RAPIDS MUSKEGON 108 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary BURDEN ON FARMER’S WIFE. In Connection With the Duties of the Household. How much help does the farm wom- an receive in her homemaking? Does her husband give much time to assisting with household tasks and minding the baby? Do the children give mother a hand? Is a hired girl frequently employed to lighten the work? A study recently made by the Bureau of Home Economics makes it clear that the work of the home on the farm is no longer a family affair. Almost all of it falls to the lot of-the home- maker herself. While farm women spent fifty-one and three-quarters hours a week on the average in homemaking tasks, only nine and one-quarter hours a week were spent by all other persons in their households. Most of this help, of course, came from members of the family—seven and three-quarters hours a week in the average home, or a little over an hour a day. Only one hour a week was given by hired help, and the remaining half-hour came from guests in the home, Who were the members of the family giving this slight amount of help? Just two hours a week were contributed by the farmer himself, four and one-half hours by daughters and other women relatives in the home, and one and one-quarter hours a week by sons and other men relatives. Naturally many farm women fre- ceived less help than nine and one- quarter. hours a week, and some re- ceived much more. One homemaker, in fact, was blessed with 111 hours of help during the week, or almost sixteen hours a day. But this was a most unusual household, with five children under ten years of age and a hired girl.and a hired man to come to the mother’s assistance. In the great majority of cases the amount of help given the housewife was very small. farm women received as much as three hours a day, in contrast with ninety- nine who had no aid whatever. How much help a particular home- maker received depended first of all, of cotirse, on whether she had a hired girl, But only twenty-nine of these housewives employed any paid help whatever, and half of these had less than seven hours a week. Only six homemakers, in fact had full-time hired help. A daughter of high school age or over, or a sister or other woman rela- tive living in the home, was the house- wife’s next best chance of assistance. Just 103 of the group of 559 had help from this source. But again the amount of time which each helper gave was small, averaging . thirteen and three-quarters hours a week for the women of twenty years of age or over, and only ten and one- quarter hours a week for daughters of fifteen to nineteen years. For younger daughters, the figures dropped still lower—to six hours for girls ten to fourteen, and to three and one-quarter hours for girls of six to nine. Seventy out of 559 The men of the household, as would be expected, made an even poorer showing. Two-thirds of the husbands lent a hand in some phase of house- keeping, but the amount of help which they gave made but a small dent in the volume of work to be done—three hours a week on the average. The sons who helped gave still less time, even the older ones averaging less than two and one-half hours a week. The little boys under six were the only ones to keep up with their sisters of the same age, the youngsters of each group doing their bit to the extent of about an hour and a quarter a week. In thirty cases the hired man also joined in, spending two hours a week on the average on household jobs. Whether the homemaker needed help or not had little effect on the amount which each member of the household gave. Even when there were several small children to be cared for, the hus- band and the older children spent scarcely any more time than when the homemaker had an easier job. It was the number of persons in ‘the household old enough to share the work that determined how much help she received, not the quantity of work to be done, and especially it was the presence of another woman or older daughter, Take, for example, the twenty-four homemakers who received the largest amount of help—more than five hours a day. Twenty-one had the assistance of a hired girl or a daughter or other woman relative over 14, from whom most of the help came. And even in the three remaining households the chief helper was a young daughter. In two a girl of twelve gave almost all the help, and in the third a daughter of eight gave half, while her five broth- ers and her father together contributed the other half. At the other extreme were the ninety-nine homemakers who -received no help at all.. For seventy- five the reason is clear—they had fami- lies of men and boys only. And in all but seven of the other households the daughters were all under ten. What is the explanation of the small amount of help which the men of the family gave — when they gave any whatever? A glance at the kind of work they did gives the answer. Their main job was carrying wood and car- ing for fires, and when there was water to be pumped or carried, this chore, also, usually fell on masculine shoul- ders. For the most part, that is, they were called upon for jobs which take very little time, even in a large house- hold. It was the meals, the cleaning and laundering which formed three-fourths of the work, and in these jobs it was usually only the women and girls who were expected to help. When there were no such helpers in the household, these tasks were apparently _ still thought of as women’s work and left in the hands of the housewife herself, no matter how heavily burdened she might be. Ruth Moore. Federal Bureau of Women Economics, ——_+2>—____. Some people are as care-free in sign- ing a note as a petition. CANDIES THE STANDARD OF QUALITY FOR 65 YEARS BUY MICHIGAN MADE Christmas Candies FOR YOUR HOLIDAY TRADE BOOST FOR THE MANUFACTURER WHO BOOSTS FOR YOU PUTNAM FACTORY GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN ie. < ai, a wy EP se ‘a « = cad * v r ” - ~—< me Forty-seventh Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 109 MEN OF MARK. Harold A. Sage, Manager Hotel Tuller, i Detroit. Old age has its advantages over youth, like old wine over immature and unseasoned stocks. But when youth is backed hy long experience in a particular and restricted line of en- deavor, age usually takes a back seat, - for its youthful competitor presents hard competition. All of which is pre- liminary to the introduction of Harold A. Sage, manager of the Hotel Tuller, in Detroit. A young man calling on Mr. Sage recently said: “I expected to meet an old man with gray whiskers and an enormous amount of dignity— someone who was hard to meet and difficult to know.” How the caller ar- rived at the opinion that a hotel man- ager —any hotel manager — could be thus catalogued, is hard to compre- hend. For if hotel training does any- Harold A. Sage. thing definite to a man, it makes him courteous and easy to approach. Mr. Sage received his preliminary training as a boy in the Statler and worked himself up in the course of several years to the management of the Clifford Hotel and its subsidiaries. Later he took over the executive duties at the Savoy and then the Wolverine. He has been directing the Tuller for nearly two years. How well he is thought of in the hotel fraternity is indicated by his election this year as President of the Detroit Hotel Asso- ciation. The theory that “A guest is never wrong” is part of the creed of Mr. Sage, and this accounts for his popu- larity among his patrons. It is the first instruction he gives a new em- ploye and its importance is thoroughly stressed. He emphasis also the neces- sity of quick, kindly and courteous service and the hotel personnel, under his direction, reflects his attitude. Mr. Sage had redecorated all of the public rooms and practically all of the guest rooms at the Tuller, and has made increased provision for accom- modating large meetings and conven- tions. The hotel has 800 guest rooms, each with bath, and has dining room and other facilities adequate to the needs of the modern. traveling public. The dining room and cafeteria service, which Mr. Sage considers of extreme importance, has been augmented by the oyster bar, to which express shipments of lobsters and other sea food come daily from the East coast. The oyster bar is one of the show places in De- troit and no expense is spared to make it a unique and satisfying feature of the hotel cuisine. —_—_»+<+—___ Growth of Roadside Markets Con- tinues. ’ Growth of roadside markets has passed the “mushroom” stage, the De- partment of Agriculture announces, ‘and business of markets of this type of the better grade is on the increase. Increases of 10 to 15 per cent. in the volume of sales during the second year of operation were reported in Michigan during a recent survey, the Department pointed out, and co-operative roadside markets also are said to be successful in certain sections. The statement follows in full text: A successful roadside market must front on a road with heavy traffic and must sell high quality, fresh produce at fair prices, says the Associate Agri- cultural Economist of the Department, Caroline B. Sherman. Attractive dis- play, steady supply, and courtesy to customers also are recommended. That roadside markets have not in- variably possessed these qualifications is attested by several investigations cited by Miss Sherman. She says, how- ever, that apparently the stage of mushroom growth in the roadside mar- ket business as a whole has nearly passed. The time has come when farmers, as a group, are inclined to make a fairly careful study of the ques- tion before putting much time, money, or energy into roadside markets. Business of the better roadside mar- kets is increasing, she states, citing as an example a study in Michigan in which many of the better markets re- ported increases of 10 to 15 per cent. in volume of sales in the second year of business. Co-operative roadside markets also are reported as being successful in some localities. To aid farmers who contemplate en- tering the roadside-market business, Miss Sherman has summarized the principal factors of success and of fail- ure in Leaflet 68-L, entitled “Roadside Markets,” just issued by the Depart- ment. The leaflet contains a list of State publications which set forth the results of roadside-market investiga- tions in specified localities and indicates the states in which state or self-regula- tion has been tried. Leaflet 68-L. may be obtained from the Office of Infgr- mation, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. ——_>+>__ Often Consigned There. A deceased merchant knocked at the gates of the lower regions. “Why do you come here,” asked Satan. “T want to collect two old accounts of two of my former customers.” “But how do you know they are here?” “Well, every time I tried to collect from them they told me to go to this place,” NY Every Executive - --- at this time of the year has employees, relatives and friends on their list for whom they feel obligated to make a Christmas Gift. We wish to call your attention to the wide range of selection in worth while gifts we have for your approval rang- ing from $5 upward. DIAMOND POCKET WATCHES BROOCHES WRIST WATCHES BRACELETS SCARF PINS NECKLACES SILVERWARE RINGS. CRYSTAL GLASS TELECHRON ELECTRIC CLOCKS ferkner’ F stablished 63 Years “APLETS CONFECTION FOR SALB” Smouulhiite BREAD DIFFERENT IN POPULAR DEMAND WM. MULLER Company in texture in taste in appearance THE BUSIEST SODA FOUNTAINS in Michigan Are Made in Michigan by THE BASTIAN-BLESSING COMPANY GRAND HAVEN Distributed by HAZELTINE & PERKINS DRUG CO. Grand Rapids wte Michigan -t- Manistee Peeper enter je pg nee as eae ines 110 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary PERILS OF PROSPERITY. Security Against Social Decay in Work For Everybody. As a people we have more leisure time than any other people at any other people at any other time in the world’s history. What is our philosophy of life? Is it the idea that we personally have a sacred right to go through life play- ing and wasting time? Many times, as one goes about, that theory alone could be the answer to many human situa- tions known to us all. By leisure time we mean that time after all routine duties and work are done—time which can be given over to doing the things one chooses to do from the desires of one’s heart. It is to be doubted that anyone has the right to leisure until he has per- formed constructive work in the inter- est of fellow men in general. The rich man or woman is not given any pref- erence. The rich Nation in the family of nations is not excepted in this prin- ciple of social service. Many proponents and advocates of more and better education in the Unit- ed States have urged better educational advantages for the rising generation to enable them to make more money easier. Fond parents by the thousands have worked, skimped, and denied themselves even the necessities of life tor the education of their children and for the spoken purpose that their chil- dren should have an education and should not be compelled to work as hard as they—the parents—had worked all their lives. This is a wrong philosophy of edu- cation. If an education is going to mean a life of idleness, then the indi- vidual had better not be so well edu- cated, for the welfare of the individual himself and for the added welfare of society at large. The only true philosophy of educa- tion is that which demands a greater, larger, and better degree of social service from the educated man. Edu- cation of the individual to increase his capacities for social service to his fel- low men is the only defensible goal of education and more education. The shallow philosophy of educating a child so that he can avoid honest labor by outsmarting his fellow. men when he grows up is wholly wrong. This philosophy of education has been prevalent in many American homes. Fathers and mothers save money and leave it to their children, often with the same motive. Work, continuous work, regularly followed is almost a necessity for bod- ily, mental, and moral health. We do not have in mind here a type of indus- trial servitude that makes slaves of men and women over continuous peri- ods of time, with hours too long and no rest days; but we do contend that the gospel of universal work for all classes of people needs to be preached for the morals, health, and welfare of the country. We are not sure but that the untold wealth of the United States may be to-day presenting us a definite chal- lenge at this point. No nation has yet in the history of the world ever been able to continue long in the enjoyment of its outstanding wealth without moral decay from within. Men and nations fail because of internal moral degen- eracy rather than because of an ex- ternal unfriendly environment. From the beginning this country has been a country of individualism—indi- vidual rights, individual responsibilities, individual ownership of property, indi- vidual relationships to fellow men, in- dividual success or failure in life’s un- dertakings. Work, labor, and contin- uous personal effort must be the corner stone of success in a Government such as ours. The universality of work and labor, the universal recognition of one’s duty to be economically and socially produc- tive, is one of the essentials of our peculiar American life. We must be constructively productive, not destruc- tively lazy and inactive, in the field of economics and morals if America is to continue to grow in power and prestige. The greatest blessing we have is at the same time the greatest danger con- fronting us—I refer to the mechanical age into which we have come. Through all these years the pressure of the eco- nomic and social need has been the driving power behind the lives of men. The necessity of regular labor to bring in money for food, clothing, and the other necessities of life has resulted in healthy bodies and minds. At present a larger and larger pro- portion of people is being thrown out of work by the installation of machines faster than new demands for labor can be created. This is too often resulting in overenlarged profits for the few at the top of the economic pile, with too much enforced leisure or idleness for tco many at or near the bottom of the economic group. Probably no part of our population has suffered more on account of the machine age than the children. The machine age has brought many Dless- ings to the family, particularly the mothers, but the children have really suffered. Tn the old-fashioned home there was always a great plenty of home tasks, so that the mother could keep each child profitably employed around the home in home duties. The child grew up with the idea that labor and work were the common lot and responsibility of all, regardless of age. He formed physical habits of work and labor. He formed mental labor attitudes of mind. Thus mentally and physically he formed a constructive moral labor character and grew up ex- pecting to work his way in the world. In other words, he expected to be socially productive in the most help- ful sense of the word. He did not grow up looking forward to a life of ease and foolish play, free from any re- sponsibility of work or effort. He grew up with the idea that mon- ey was valuable, hard to get, and only to be obtained by paying the price of hard labor for it. He did not grow up with the idea of receiving money easily or without effort on his part, spending it as fast or faster than it was given to him. We are here putting our finger on what we believe to be one of the dan- gers of the present overprosperous times with relation to the rising gen- eration. Whatever of truth there may be in our reasoning, the blame of it all is to be placed at the door of the modern parent rather than to be charg- ed to the young people themselves. The teachers of the country all these years have been fighting against the moral dsgeneration of the home as far ‘as the work situation is concerned. We would not appear too harsh on the parents, but all the teaching and moral- izing that teachers can do in the class- room will not make industrious citi- zens, respecting and honoring honest labor in the abstract, unless the individ- ual parents do their part in actually keeping children constructively busy in helpful home duties. We must not be misunderstood ds arguing for abuse of childhood in the field of home work or commercial work, either one. That there are some homes yet going to the extreme on the subject of hard work, there can be no doubt. That there are some industries making dollars out of commercialized childhood, there is no doubt. Charles W. Taylor. _——o > oe Vocational Guidance as Benefit To Youth, A more adequate system of guidance of the boys and girls of the Nation in selecting occupations is recommend- ed by the committee on vocational guidance and child labor in a report to the White House Conference on Child Health and Protection. Increasing technicalities in the vari- ous industrial and business occupations of the country make necessary voca- tional guidance to meet the needs of the modern world, the chairman of the committee, Anne S. Davis, declares in the report. Millions of youth in their teens are constantly leaving school to enter a thousand different occupations. They are without conception of the risks or opportunities involved, according to the report. Vocational guidance has been introduced in the states to asssist them in making selections and in fitting themselves adequately for whatever oc- cupation they elect, it was stated. The compulsory education laws push- ing the age of the required school at- tendance higher has intensified the need for vocational guidance. To meet the need, the committee recommends that vocational guidance be established in all school systems and become an integral part of every school organiza- tion. The committee will present to the forthcoming conference for considera- tion seven significant recommendations relating to vocational guidance. These recommendations are as fol- lows: The organization of the school system for guidance, placement, and supervision; provision for more re- search on and study of the individual; provision for specially trained voca- tional counselors in the junior and senior high schools; study of occupa- tions, vocational opportunities and cur- ricula adapted to curricula needs; im- provement of instruction to fit the needs of the individual; provision for awarding scholarships; and co-opera- tion with non-public organizations. Further information contained in the report follows: Since the first White House Confer- ence in 1909, the. vocational guidance movement has gained impetus. The ‘extension of high school facilities to a major portion of the youth of the country during the past twenty years has made educational and vocational guidance imperative, A modern guidance program should take into acount the individual pupil and his capacity for a certain vocation, psychological and other tests necessary in studying the individual. Closely as- sociated with this important aspect of a program sponsoring the movement should be a counseling staff of persons qualified to give advice. Provision for a curriculum adequate to the economic demands of society and placement of the trained individual follow as a part of the educational responsibility. In curriculum work, it was found that about four-fifths of the cities re- porting give a one-semester course or more in occupational studies as a part of the curriculum. Three-fourths of the cities stated that information about oc- cupations is included in courses in other fields, such as civics and English. In its findings the committee called attention to the guidance necessary for the 350,000 American Indians, the thousands of Negroes in the country, and the children of immigrants, as well as that requisite for boys and girls in rural America. —_>~-.____ Questionnaire For “Comers.” Those who can, answer the questions in the affirmative can depend on it that they are on the road to success: Do you suggest other purchases in addition to the merchandise requested? Do you know the names of all of your regular" customers? Do you call them by name? Are you always pleasant? Do you take the trouble to look up something special for them? Are you a booster for your store? Are you quick to adopt new ideas in selling? Are you neat and courteous at all times? Do you read the instruction books, literature and trade magazines on your particular merchandise? —>~+-___ A Recipe For Success. The late John R. Arbuckle, the cof- fee king, who left an estate of $100,000,- 000, often said that a part of his success was due to his knowledge of human nature, “In _ selling coffee,’ Mr. Arbuckle once said to a New York coffee broker, “you should exercise the same keen discretion which the druggist showed. “A woman, well on in years, entered a druggist’s and said: “ “Have you any creams for restoring the complexion?’ “ ‘Restoring, miss? You mean pre- serving!’ said the druggist heartily. “And he then sold the woman $17 worth of complexion creams.” MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 111 The reputation of the Tradesman company is now nation-wide. Clients in nearly every state in the union call upon the company for this highly specialized work. | BY THE TRADESMAN COMPANY 22 De ewaak the Pretermed Cate Set oF Some Samples of Bond and Stock Printing Te Certifies hist --- . sats GaP CRE DIE COMPA : SO: son 5 aS ¥ 5 ¥; : / | ! Guarantet Corti fe Urth. ARE ANT gC! co + A. MAN WELE ~ pyee Gent Golket - ee Pee One pio The Tradesman Company operates a complete commercial printing plant, producing almost anything needed in Office, Store or Factory. 112 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Forty-seventh Anniversary TRUST COMPANY GROWTH. Increase in Number Has Been Most Remarkable. To the same fundamental reasons which account for the development of trust companies in America may be credited the development of trust com- panies in Michigan. The causes to which I refer are general prosperity, the rapid accumulation of private for- tune, industrial and commercial ex- pansion, heavy taxes or _ inherited property, technical legal regulations and the diversity of State laws which demanded specialists in estate man- agement. The growing complications of business and finance created the necessity for the corporate fiduciary. Although the first corporation in the United States, with trust powers, was incorporated in 1822, the development of the trust idea has grown slowly, but in the last decade particularly, the number of individuals who have adopt- ed the trust idea for the settlement of estates has increased phenomenally. The trust act of Michigan, under which all trust companies in this State are organized, was made effective on May 23, 1889, and the first company organized under this act was the Mich- igan Trust Company, in Grand Rapids, in July, 1889. The trust idea developed slowly in Michigan as eviden,ced by the fact that at the time the Bankers Trust Company of Muskegon (former- ly Muskegon Trust Company) was or- ganized, on Aug. 21, 1920, thirty-one years after the enactment of the trust act, it was granted the fifteenth charter under the trust act, and, at that time became the eleventh trust company doing business in the State. Tremen- dous impetus, however, was given to the trust idea by the Federal Reserve Act, which in 1918 granted, by a special permit to National banks applying therefor, the right to act as trustee, executor, administrator, registrar, guar- dian or in any other fiduciary capacity in which State banks, trust companies, or other corporations, which come into competition with National banks are permitted to act under the laws of the State in which the National bank is located. The powers are conferred by the Federal Reserve Board and are limited by existing State laws. This situation was extremely detrimental to State banks which were not permitted trust powers, but operated in direct competition to such National banks as were rendering a fiduciary service, un- til the State Legislature in 1925 cor- rected the condition and granted the right to any State bank to apply to the Commissioner of the Banking Depart- ment for permission to act in the same fiduciary capacies in which Trust com- panies in Michigan may engage. Such banks, however, are required to have a capital at least equal to the aggre- gate minimum capital required by law for State banks in the locality where such bank is located and the minimum capital required by law for trust com- panies in said localities. The Commis- sioner, however, may grant to banks having a capital less than the aggregate minimum capital required by State banks and trust companies in its lo- cality the power to act as executor, administrator and guardian. This law set up further competitors for trust companies without giving them the right to carry on banking business. The inequitable condition, however, was corrected by the Legislature in 1929 in an act authorizing the Com- missioner of the Banking Department to permit a trust company to engage in general commercial or savings bank business or a union of both. Trust com- panies organizing banking departments are governed by the same provisions with respect to the capital require- ments of State banks engaging ‘in trust business with full powers. At the present time, there are twen- ty-one trust companies operating in trust companies and banks as executor and trustee under wills. While it is impossible to give the figures for the State of Michigan, showing the ap- pointments as executor and trustee un- der wills for the past ten years, prob- ably the same ratio of growth would apply in Michigan as the Nation wide surveys of the trust company division of the American Bankers Association reveal. Appointments reported for each of the last seven years are of great significance to indicate the re- markable rate of growth fcr trust service throughout the country. appointments reported were as fcllovn: 8 oe 5,899 Lt Ee 7,878 O25 12,926 Harold McB. Thurston. the State of Michigan, and of this number, companies have taken banking powers. There are twenty-four State banks with unlimited trust pow- ers and twenty-six State banks with limited powers of executor, adminis- trator and guardian. There are thirty National banks in the State which have qualified with unlimited trust powers and twenty-nine National banks with limited powers. Consequently, we find that within the brief period of ten years, financial institutions equalified to act in Michigan in a fiduciary capacity total 170, as compared with ten trust companies in 1919. The increase in the number of cor- porate fiduciaries is convincing evi- dence of the growing popularity of two nb26) 2 19,128 1027) 29,814 Lee ES 44,375 1070 60,036 It is evident from the foregoing fig- ures that the rate of growth which has been established will continue as long as corporate fiduciaries merit the con- fidence which has been reposed in them. The history of trust companies throughout the United States and in our own State of Michigan is con- vincing evidence that corporate fidu- ciaries have met their obligations. In- dependent studies that have been made with respect to the safety of trust funds handled by the corproate fidu- ciary have established the fact that the trust company has shown the most She. remarkable record of immunity from loss of any financial institution. — Harold McB. Thurston. —2~» + __ Births and Deaths. Nearly the entire country is now included in the registration area, so that accurate statistics of births and deaths are available for study and dis- cussion. Only two states are outside the area. The figures cover 97.4 per cent. of the total population of the Nation. In 1915 only a third of the popula- tion was included. But if conditions in the other two-thirds were similar, as they probably were, the figures on births and infant mortality for the past year may be taken as significant of a definite trend. It is discovered that in the past year the birth rate was at its lowest level since 1915, or since any accurate figures were available. rate was 18.9 per 1,000 of population, indicating something less than one newcomer for every fifty regular in- habitants of the United States. A low mortality rate among infants under one year of age—the lowest since 1915 with a single exception—reduces this gain by sixty-eight out of 1,000 births. The falling birth rate is possibly more impressive than the decline of infant mortality, although it is not easy to account for it with a single factor of explanation. In 1915 the birth rate was estimated at 25.1 per 1,000 of population; it has dropped with almost mathematical regularity to the low record of 18.9. The saving of child life has shown more startling change, but its causes can be considered with fair certainty. It is that the tremendous population increases of the past in the United States have been slowed down materially, not only by the checking of immigration but also by the change in the birth rate. The conservation of life offsets this decrease to a consider- able degree. But out of the statistics there begins to appear vindication of the scientific opinion that our popula- tion is progressing by a steadily de- creasing curve to a maximum or op- timum—a point at which there will be little change from year to year or even from generation to generation. This point has already been reached in such widely different countries as Norway and China and possibly even in England. It has been estimated on the basis of this conclusion that the United States will achieve a maximum of about 198,000,000 in the year 2000. This may seem like speculation or mere prophecy, but there is a deal of scientific theory and experience to sup- port it. obvious ——_+~--__ Just a Simple Melody. “You wouldn't think,” said the Mis- sissippi youth, “that my musical talent was the means of saving my life.” “No,” remarked his friend, “I would not. Tell me how it happened.” “Well, there was a big flood in my home town and when the water struck our house, father got on a bed and floated down stream,” “And you?” “I accompanied him on the piano.” The* omy “ 6 ~ sr at aw ong », pee oe f ¢