7 or we o oe "7 Fo 5 . ¢ * gees) * Ser petey ost eye oe ee ey we es * te ta! *~ 91 OFS 5.86 O80 le oem e eng oe eo oF et aa’, se, * #92 te e.oe aoe ai) ’ ae * 4ce0 see coe * * 48 Rove + O.0 ¢ og oe Ot Oe oe seen t sett “00 © SF 0 80.° 5" Ores ee oles 6 Cette ates ce,” <1, 6s Pie ese - Growing Smiles A smile is quite a funny thing; It wrinkles up your face: And when it’s gone you never find Its secret hiding place. “cs: ee 3 gtee But far more wonderful it is To see what smiles can do; You smile at one, he smiles at you, And so one smile makes two. * . 4,2 sett eet SU fae Tire ere abt eit e ads be tes . ee tees He smiled on some one, since you smiled, And then that one smiles back; And that one smiles, until, in truth, You keep in smiling track. AOS eeces ote tye 4 2 And since a smile can do great good By cheering hearts of care, Let’s smile and smile and not forget That smiles go everywhere. ese hy ete eee? te se 2 Seeotese +e Pees were made your problem our problem—and we've developed a powerful merchandising plan on just that principle. We know that, if you are to increase your profits this year, you must increase the sale of everything you handle; and when you get the details of our new merchandising service you will instantly realize that we have solved this worry for you. cA Revolutionary M erchandising Method! The Martin-Senour Merchandising Service is truly revolu- tionary in that it is built to sell everything in your store —from carpet tacks to paint. The idea behind this serv- == _ ice is so big and so broad in scope that it has met with immediate enthusiasm from every hardware dealer we’ve shown it to. One prominent merchant said—“Here’s a paint manufacturer unselfish enough to see beyond the sale of his own product.” Mail Coupon Today! Whether or not you are interested in changing your paint line at this time—it will pay you to get the facts about this dynamic merchandising plan at once. Mail the coupon below, today! The MARTIN=SENOUR @ . THE MARTIN-SENOUR CO. 2520 Quarry Street, Chicago, Illinois Gentlemen: Please rush complete details on your new sensational merchandising plan. = | Name Address. oe City State ig, a OE £257 iden manaaee - bet a ee eee ww [RADESMAN Fif a = GRAND RAPIDS, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1933 Number 2620 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN E. A. Stowe, Editor PUBLISHED WEEKLY by Tradesman Company, from its office the Barnhart Building, Grand Rapids. UNLIKE ANY OTHER PAPER. Frank, free and fearless for the good that we can do. Each issue com- plete in itself, DEVOTED TO the best interests of business men. SUBSCRIPTION RATESareas follows: $3. per year, if paid strictly in advance. $4 per year if not paid in advance. Canadian subscription, $4.56 per year, payable invariably in advance. Sample copies 10cent_ each. Extra copies of current issues, 10 cents; issues a month or more old 15 cents; issues a year or more old, 25 cents; issues five years or more old 50 cents. Enaeved Bersciubes 23, 1883, at the Posoflice of Grand Rapids as second diag: matter under Act of March 3, 1879. JAMES M. GOLDING Detroit Representative 507 Kerr Bldg. Printed by the Tradesman Company, Under NRA Conditions FIFTY YEARS AGO IN LOWELL Sidelights on Some Old Time Mer- chants In this article I am going to give a short history of Lowell. I started in the grocery business in 1872, clerking for John Giles. He was one of the finest retail grocers I ever knew. There was not a better tea expert anywhere than this man. He did a wholesale as well as retail business round about among the country merchants, and while he handled nothing but grocer- ies, the general retailer specialized in one kind of merchandise, the only town that I knew of anywhere that didn’t have a mixed stock. We drew trade in those days from near Hast- ings and Greenville, as well as Grand Rapids: for the simple reason that he purchased everything that the farmer brought in except wheat and he made no difference in paying for _ this, whether it was in cash or in trade. Many farmers who lived within a few miles of Grand Rapids at that time made Lowell their trading point. Just before 1872 John Giles took in two young partners, by the name of Wingler and Bergen. The style of the firm then became Wingler, Bergen & Co., and in those days we used to sell Blodgett & Byrne large amounts of goods, carloads of potatoes and so on, which we used to ship to Houghton Lake. During the winter of 1872, they had no snow until along in February and March, which persisted six weeks, and they had an immense amount of timber to get out to the river. When this snow came, they put the teams to work night and day, and Tom Byrne, it is said, stood upon the runway nearly all the time, keeping the drivers hus- tling, and it was said also that he never got over two or three hours’ sleep dur- ing the twenty-four. I remember well of his coming to Lowell in the spring, apparently with a satchel full of money, as they used to pay in money in those days, instead of checks, and he paid the firm many thousands of dollars, and I heard him say to Mr. Giles that if they hadn’t got that snow, there would have been no more Blodgett & Byrne. Afterwards they got to logging by railroad, which made no difference whether they had any snow or not. I also wish to relate in regard to this little history of Lowell about the ‘first Catholic priest I ever met. It was Father McManus, who came. there from college, one of the finest and brightest young men I ever met. He made friends by the hundreds with all. He built the first Catholic church that was in that part of the country. Every- one helped him. The church cost $33,- 000, which was an immense undertak- ing at that time. He was afterwards transferred to St. Andrews, Grand Rapids, and was there as long as he lived. The great wonder to us all is that he was not made bishop over this diocese, as he should have been. It may be beyond belief for the younger generation in Lowell to be- lieve that I have seen the streets blocked with lines of teams ‘blocks long, waiting to unload their wheat at Hatch & Craw’s mill, now owned by the King Milling Co. As I understand it, now instead of the farmers’ furnishing the wheat there, they have to ship it in. The merchants of Lowell at that time were such wide awake fellows that if there had been chain stores in those days, and they had come into Lowell, these same merchants would have had them on the way out inside of six months. There was no such thing as breaking up the strong hold they had upon the consuming public. Later on, as I left Lowell, in 1880, to travel for John Caulfield, after ten days I returned to Lowell, selling goods. They all he!d orders for me—hardware, drug stores, grocery stores, and all the rest, to give me a sendoff, and I can say truthfully that it was the biggest day’s business I ever had in my his- tory. I sold over $4,000. It took me two days and when I returned to John Caulfield’s, he couldn’t believe his eyes, as it was the first time he had ever sold any goods in Lowell. Every one of them would say to me, “Come back again before you go, because we are still“looking up orders for you.” At that time we sold kerosene oil in bar- rels and I remember well that I sold two carloads, four carloads of salt, syrup in five barrel lots, etc. It may surprise many wholesalers as well as people who are still in the retail gro- cery business in Lowell to know that John Giles used to buy one hundred chests of tea at a time. He had what you could call a National reputation on this article. Others were a close sec- ond. There were four wonderful re- tail groceries there—Mitchell & Don- avan; Wingler, Bergen & Co.; Charles A. B. Johnson. All have passed on. There is no one in business there now who was there in the 70’s except Frank King, of the King Milling Co., who has made a great success of his business career. Frank is still active. While he resides here in Grand Rapids, nearly every day we find him at his office in Lowell. I am the only clerk living who started in in the ’70’s that I know of. If other- wise, I would like to hear from them, if there are any of the old friends liv- ing to-day. In writing this for the fiftieth anni- versary of the Michigan Tradesman, | considered it not only an honor, but a great pleasure to give this contribu- tion to the best trade paper I know of to-day in this country. My friend Stowe started a little four page sheet in 1883. Little did I think in those days it would become the great trades paper that it is at the present time. He has become famous by being square and fighting crooks and dishonesty every- where: and I want to say to our friend Stowe that if he should see fit to print this, that I will write another article for him on his hundredth anniversary, and I will try and do better then, as this is the ‘first article I have ever written for any paper. My life work in writing has been confined to writing grocery or- ders for forty+five years of my life for different wholesale houses. I wish the editor of the Michigan Tradesman long life and happiness and trust he may be able to edit this great paper for many years to come. Manley Jones. McCarthy; and 2 Alphabetical List of Contributors In This Issue Page doun b& Aleote 30 Dr Vilovd Arnold... 34-38 Jonn § Bellaive 98 Wim, &. Brownell ee 88 Goo. & Catlin oe 92 Wim John Cooper. 34 GT Wawsowe 54 Mouere EH Day 2. 42 Geo . Deen 60 Dorey Die 52 Donate Pusnane 20 30 awe Raneiay 2 74 Iavia IN. Poster 2 58 Chanies W. Garfield. 26 ete EEE 68 naa A Meath q ee Me. Eutening= 44 Mizabeth: Ireland 00 0 Sg Manley Jones: 200 1 a. Geo Eehian 70 Sommon Devitan ta crs bt Rewis 2 tf dames Mo Merri 94 Douglas Malloch ___._._____. ES el 15 i Ss Mitene 48 Vacon) Nathan (i 93 Wadors INGPVele 0 104 Pant . Nystrom 56 Horatio Mi. Pollocék oo 64 DVB ee 64 bP Prine 90 em & Handa oo Roy Raeae oo 24 Perey W. Reaves 40 Stelia M Rogers it ee ee 86) mE © Skinner 52 Inalerah HO Steen 66 TOM WW. Symons Sr 96 Ning Of Uke 2 102 Van A. Wallin 8 oes Hranke Welton) oo Pr Davia Me Yates =. 46 Five New Readers of the Tradesman The following new subscribers have been received during the past week: The Vyn Co., Grand Haven Nathaniel Robbins, Grand Haven A. F. Petrie, Pierson James B. Church, Charlotte Henry S, Naggar, Detroit. ——__~-. Index To Special Advertisers This Week Page American Laundry oo ii American Light & Traction Co..______ 87 Bancrott Hotel Co. 3 Bankers Trust Co. of Muskegon Se 101 Boct 2 Co... CCC‘ Ti Bragk Cookie Co. 99 Brown & Beltier Co. 55 Citizens Mutual Automobile Insurance Oe 101 Colonial pan Co. cee piece 7 Commercial Milling Co.___- ES sue 24 Commonwealth & Southern ‘Corp ae 35 Consumers Power Co. 69 Corduroy Rubber €o. 3 83 Chas. HE Coye, Ine. 103 Decker, Davis & Jean, Inc. 77 H. J. Dernbos € Ere... 81 i. Tt. Duprey & Co. C8 Bdason, Moore & Co. 91 Federal Hardware & Implement Mutuals: 3 2 Federation of Mutual ‘Fire ‘Ins. Companies So an eager Ferris Institute =. Forpes Stamp Co. oe 103 Bertha Bryett Studia... 103 Gerber Products Co... 27 Globe Knitting Works. _ ss G. R. Meldsa, Co. 57 G. R. Hardware Co, -_--._--___.., os 77 G BR. Gas Co. 65 G. R. Merchants Mutual Fire Ins, Co. 68 G@ BR. Packine €o 5d G@ RR. Safe Ceo... 41 Grand Rapids Trust. ‘Co._ ee 3 G. R. Wholesale Grocer Co... 70 Hart Plate Wirror Co... Hazeltine & Perkins Drug Co._...____ 3 EH. J. Heinz Co... a ee 49 Hekinan Bisewit Co. 2 25 Herkier Jewelry Co... 2 Pills Bros Co 61 Holland Crystal Creamery Hee Ea 57 Molstin Bakery 240 103 Hosiery Willis: Ine. 101 International Harvester Co... 43 Jacobson Cosmmission €o... 99 senninos Nile Cq. 101 Tunic Johnson Co. 81 Kalamazco Yi ege table Parchment Co. 73 Kene Storase €o. 81 King Milling CO a 41 KOR Comp 92 Lake Odessa Canning Co... 89 bee & Cagv 97 i Deongrd & Sons. 14 Jonn T.. Eyneh Sales Ca. 47 Joseph PP. Lynch Sales. Co... 73 MeConnell-Kere Co 2.82 $2 Masterpiece Cigar Co... 101 Market Wholesale Grocery____._______ 39 Martin-nenour €o. . 200 2nd cover Michigan Bankers & Merchants Mutual Ins Co 51 Michigan Hardware €o 67 Michigan Shoe Dealers Mutual Fire MS) @O. Michigan Mutual Faéability €o. 90 C. W. Mills Paper Co 39 Morton Salt €or 63 Muller Bakeries Ine 8 103 W. Muller Co. 55 National Bank of Grand Rapids______ 79 National Candy Ca 81 Now Era Life’ Ins, Co 3 Oceana Canning €e. 59 Old Kent Bank. ee oe Petoskey Portland Cement___-__-_____ 37 J. fH. Petter & Co 75 Preferred Auto Ins. €o.. 0 77 Boerleys Glove €e. 03 41 tademaker-Dooge Grocer Co._________ 29 Richards Mie Co. oo 41 W. RK. Reach © Co. 42 c ft Ruenpewian 31 Semmidt Brewing Co. 19 mnerwood Hall Co 99 Symons Eros & Coe... 85 Taylor Produce Go, 41 © & W. Thum Co... 49 Cron ESS a I Van 4) Voigt Milling Co 31 A W. Walsh Co. 13 Woolson Spice Co... 2 31 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary Lines of Interest to Grand Rapids Council Thanksgiving day has come and gone and the many things we were thankful for were perhaps overlooked in our eagerness to get at the dinner on that day. To many the dinner was superfluously satisfying; to others it was just another snack, no different than other meals they have partaken of for the past several years. However, with poverty goes appreciation of bet- ter things and the desire to rise to a higher level. With poverty prédom- inating among some of our best citi- zens and the intelligentia of the nation, the desire to raise the present standard will be one of the factors in bringing back prosperity when we have decided on our money standard. The people of our nation are patient in awaiting the decision and judgment of the Adminis- tration and when it proves itself, a great forward movement will take place that will cause us to bow our heads in true thankulness on our next Thanksgiving Day, The CWA which merely stepped in to fill the interim until the PWA gets into action in February, has already put about $10,000 into the hands of labor in the Grand Rapids district and will continue to increase the payroll until about six thousand unemployed are drawing a fair wage in support of themselves. It is anticipated that after February 15th the PWA wilil be swing- ing into full action and then the public works program will be the means of taking up the slack in the unemploy- ment situation to the extent that those who will work will have a job and a fair wage for their efforts. This being a national movement, many millions of men will be restored to self-respect and self-support. Their income will enable them to support their families and to purchase some of the luxuries which have been denied them for several years. Any and all support to these movements is but fuel added to a con- flagration whose light will soon illum- inate the entire nation. After repeal, liquor taxes in many states will be used to aid ailing school systems. And, of course, there will be a few citizens who'll want to monop- olize the whole job of saving our schools. Do not forget that the Grand Rap- ids Traveling Men’s Benefit Associa- tion will meet Saturday, Dec. 9, at 230 P.M. in the parlors of the Milner ho- tel. An annual report will be read and officers for the ensuing year will be elected. Instead of beating swords into plow- shares, it seems the farmers are beating ploughshares on one another’s head. There is a bill before our National Congress of which very few people are aware. It is known as the Tugwell bill and its viciousness is made manifest in that it strikes at one of the greatest industries of our nation, national ad- vertising, It is couched in terms that apparently intends the layman to in- terpret the bill as a measure to curtail the advertising and selling of doubtful medicines, but on the whole it will affect our proprietary medicine manu- facturers and cut advertising expendi- ture many millions of dollars, thus de- nying educational advertising to those who treat themselves for minor ills. We as a nation are in no danger as to harmful medicines which are adver- tised because the Food and Drug de- partment at Washington and the ad- vertising mediums are constantly on the alert for those shysters who are trying to ring in dubious remedies to filch the public. To all intent and pur- poses the bill has the tang of class leg- islation and if passed will deny “Med- ical Freedom” to the nation. It will drive out prosperous manufacturers who hire men, it will disturb adver- tising which employs high grade help, it will disrupt some of our high class magazines and periodicals and will af- fect the wholesale and retail druggists who pay good American money to thousands who are in their employ. It means to you and everyone that you will have to depend entirely upon your physician for help when you _ have some little ache or pain. If passed, the bill will eliminate thousands from pay- rolls and will deny you a common lib- erty as was denied the colonists who touched our shores seeking religious freedom. You helped to elect your Congressman, write him and ask him to vote against the bill because you are for medical liberty as well as religious liberty. A small boy asked his mother where she got the new baby. She said she put some change out on the back porch and the stork left the baby. Bobby left a nickle on the porch that night. Next morning everything was wet from a heavy dew and next to his nickle was a tree toad. Bobby was disgusted and said to the toad “If I wasn’t your daddy, I’d knock hell out of you.” Council Leader W. E. Lypps and his good wife, Emma, spent Thanksgiv- ing day and the week end with Mr. and Mrs. A. Fox, of Detroit. We are sure that little granddaughter Gretchen was the main attraction. Counselor H. F. DeGraff, who is secretary of the Custer Guards Asso- ciation, formerly known as the 2nd Michigan Regiment, is busy complet- ing plans for a reunion to be held Sat- urday, Dec. 9, at the Rowe Hotel. A large attendance is expected even though members of the association are scattered all over the world. Secretary Bradfield and family spent Thanksgiving day with Dr. and Mrs. Bolender, of Detroit. We opine that the “Red Headed Bolender Master” was the objective of Grandpa Brad- field when he headed East on M.-16. He called his girl “Brown Sugar” because she was sweet but unrefined. The big U. C. T. meeting of the year will be started off with a bang at 6 o’clock, Saturday evening, December 16. The fire works will start with a pot luck supper and those suppers are al- ways humdingers. After the business meeting of the council and Ladies Auxiliary, an open meeting will be held' which will be followed by an old fashioned X-mas party which is being planned and will be executed by Selby Miller, Chairman of the Entertainment Committee. He will be assisted by his wfie and other members of the com- mittee. We understand the party will be a whiz and that those who do not believe in Santa Claus will have as good a time as those who still hang up their socks. Don’t forget the date, pack up a well filled basket and be there at 6 p. m. sharp and join in this grand opportun- ity to kick Old Man Depression out the back window. They say business is looking up. Well, if you were flat on your back what other way could you look? John Millar, who attended the lun- cheon last Saturday at the Elk’s cafe- teria, announced he was still hacking away at the old apple orchard. Any- one who desires to have his orchard reduced to stove-wood, may call on John at his residence, 328 South Union avenue, or call him by phone. Mrs. L. L. Lozier and Mrs. Allen F. Rockwell were members of the enter- tainment committee which entertained the wives of the dealers who attended the convention of the Farm Equip- ment Dealers of Michigan this week. Tuesday was devoted to tours through the large furniture factories of the city. Wednesday, the ladies were entertained at luncheon and bridge at the Ladies’ City Club and in the evening a ball was held in the Pantlind ball room. Dealers and their wives from all over the state attended this convention which was held in the civic auditorium. Senior Counselor Wagner made a business trip to Flint last week. When he entered the Durant hotel to register (Continued on page 23) Hilly ESTTa TC te are sure ~ Compacts, $1.00 to $5.00 Cigaret Cases, $1.00 to $10.00 Cigaret Lighters, $1.00 to $5.00 Dresser Sets, $5.00 to $30.00 Belt Bucklers, $1.00 to $5.00 ifts RT tc TC con DO YOUR: SHOPPING EARLY J. C. HERKNER JEWELRY CO. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Iplease everyone.’ Bracelets, $1.00 to $15.00 Watch Chains, $2.00 to $6.00 Pocket Knives, $1.50 to $5.00 Wrist Watches, $4.00 to $100.00 Pendants, $3.00 to $25.00 FOOD rae Tia - eer at eer et rT ’ ou ’ oo err ia eras The POSTMA BISCUIT CO. The Reliable Quality Bakers To Whom Inde- pendent Merchants Are Turning. GRAND RAPIDS MICHIGAN (OR ROCERS will profit plenty trom this popular NEW pAUDUCT CONVINCE bs paul Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 3 ————eeeen— SELECTING INVESTMENTS Investments made for trust accounts in the GRAND RAPIDS TRUST COMPANY are selected with the greatest care. Every investment program for each trust is consid- ered from three angles: 1. Are the proposed investments sound ? 2. Are they particularly well adapted to the ac- count in which they are to be placed? 3. Arethey sufficiently diversified to furnish a fair margin of safety should one or more types suffer from an unforeseen condition ? Because we have followed this method of selecting investments and after having selected them we have given attention to each investment, we believe our trust accounts have experienced the minimum of depreciation in principal and income during the last three years. GRAND RAPIDS TRUST COMPANY 4 MOVEMENTS OF MERCHANTS. Howard City Bank has Chene street, has changed its name to Milfred i gaa s Cs Corporation. Otsego—M. R. Gamble has his stock of men’s clothing and shoes from North Farmer street to legan street. Detroit—The Gekco Co. of Detroit, 1568 Woodward avenue, dealer in 1 shoes, has decreased its capital stock from $50,000 to $25,000. Highland Park—The Auto Battery & Electric Service, 12023 Woodward avenue, has decreased its capital stock from $25,000 to $10,000. Detroit—The American Replacement Gear & Parts Co., 1342 Canfield ave- nue, has changed its name to the American Gear & Parts oO. Detroit—The Shoe Co., 1434 armet strect, I Pata its name to Bolan’s Phys ure Shoe Co. and removed cS 100 John R. SITeeT. Kalamazoo—The Greene Drug Co., 802 South Westnedge incorporated with a $50,000. $14.700 paid in. Detroit—The Wayne Furniture Co., 2921 East its name to the Wayne Tobacco Co. and its address to 2965 Union Guard- ian Building. Detroit—The Hahn Lumber & Mill- work Co., 15001 Fuilerton avenue, has been organized with a capital stock of 25,000 shares at $1 a share, $5,75 being subscribed and paid in. Detroit—Albert’s, Inc., 1510 Wood- ward avenue, has been incorporated to deal in general capital stock of has been stock of subscribed and street, capital being Davison avenue, has changed a merchandise with a $10,000, $5,000 of which has been subscribed and paid in. Detroit Co., 20813 Fenkell avenue, washing aachines and wringer rolls, has been incorporated with a capital stock of $2,000, all subscribed and $1,300 paid in. Detroit—The John A. Mercier Brick Co., 450 West Fort street, has been organized to deal in clay products, building supplies, etc., with a capital stock of $25,000, all subscribed and paid in. Detroit — Barnes Products, Inc., 6521 John R. street, successor to the Barnes Scale Co., has been incorporat- ed with a capital stock of $50,000, $2,000 of which has been subscribed and paid in. Saranac—George W. Potter, 70, died at his home, following a long illness. He was engaged in the drug and hard- ware business for a number of years, later becoming manager of the Saranac Co-Operative Creamery. Lansng—Reed’s Shoe Store, under the management of T. L. Gordon, opened for business at 115 North Washington avenue. A complete stock ICHIGAN s of shoes for men, hildren will be carried. City—Charles Bartlett is re- is home into modern funeral will occupy it with his un- usiness as soon as the work ted. He has closed out his ee : acon at special sale. Holland Elmer Kuiper, Kuiper’s $2,000 worth of st women +e proprietor of about ock and $50 in money when thieves entered his plese of busi- ness at 445 Washington avenue. The loss is not covered by insurance. Detroit—Joseph Witkowski & Sons, Inc., 6305 Chene street, dealer in cloth- ng, haberdashery and d the business in inder the Jewelry Shop, lost a shoes, has merg- to a stock company style a capital stock of $5,000, all subscribed and paid same with a ry J. Cronin, of Kal- amazoo, a former resident of Cham- pion, has purchased the drug and jewelry stock of the late J. M. Perkins It is stores in the and has already taken possession. one of the best known city. Fremont—tThis city has sustained a great loss in the death of Andrew Ger- ber, who has long been prominently identified with the banking, canning and farming industries. He was an ideal citizen in all that the term im- plies. Harbor Springs—Butler Weaver, who suffered a severe loss by fire a few weeks ago, has re-engaged in bus- ith a stock of groceries, goods, etc. and is now located in the Walrond, Friend & Cassidy Highland iness complete canned new building. Park — The Economy Plumbing & Heating Supply Co., 13931 Hamilton avenue, has merged its wholesale business into a stock com- pany under the same style with a cap- ital stock of $7,500. $1,000 being sub- scribed and paid in. Detroit—The Detroit Packing Co., 1201 Springswells avenue, has merged its business into a stock company un- der the same style with a capital stock of $300,000 preferred and 300,000 shares at $1 a share, $1,413 being sub- scribed and $1,000 paid in. Petoskey—Edward L. Irish, 90 years old, joint manager of the Bay House, a View resort hotel, for many years, died here last Wednesday. He was was born in Ionia and came here in 1906 and married Sarah E. Childs. For years they spent their win- ters in Grand Rapids. The widow sur- vives. The funeral was held here Fri- day with burial at Ionia Saturday. summer Battle Creek—A new store special- izing in clothing for men as well as a complete wearing apparel department for boys, has been opened at 30 West Michigan avenue, under the style of the Hibbs Clothing Co. Associated with W. E. Hibbs, is Miss Clara Phil- lips, in charge of the boys’ department and Vern Best Binder, who has dis- posed of his stock of clothing, located on West Michigan avenue to enter into this new business. Detroit—Stuart J. Rackham, head of Rackham’s Inc., an ultra modern shoe store in Detroit, featuring Canti- lever shoes, has fallen heir to a $191,- TRADESMAN 000 fortune from the estate of an uncle. To many perhaps, this would mean a radical alteration in their way of liv- ing. But not so to Shoe Man Rack- ham. “I suppose.” he says, “that I could sit back comfortably ana do noth- ing for the rest of my life. Shucks, I'd be a fish. This will give me an oppor- to do the things I’ve always wanted to do in the shoe business.” Detroit—Residents of the state who did not attend A Century of Progress exhibition at Chicago during the last summer are being given an opportun- ity to see the Michigan exhibit. The entire exhibit, with the exception of the artificial waterfalls has been install- ed in the Fisher building in Detroit, and is now open to the public. It is ex- pected that the exhibit will remain open until sometime in March. The Michigan exhibit at the Chicago fair was considered among the finest ex- hibits sponsored by any state and at- tracted hundreds of thousands of people Kalamazoo—Order was made last Friday by Judge George V. Weimer, authorizing J. T. Bachelder, receiver of the Western Board and Paper Co., to lease the concern’s plant to the Mac- SimBar Paper Co., Otsego, for six at the rate of $1,500 per month. The lease will be given subject to the portion of the plant already under lease to the Central Motor Freight Co. The court’s order provides that the rental may be reduced proporionately to the reduced rating capacity of the mill as approved by the association of board manufacturers, in the event any of its machinery is removed and sold. tunity months Manufacturing Matters Ludington—The Davis Storage Bat- tery Co. has been organized to manu- facture and build batteries and elec- trical equipment with a capital stock of $10,000, $5,420 being subscribed and paid in. Vandercook Lake—The American Pyro-Arts, Inc., R. R. 6, Jackson has been incorporated with a capital stock of $25,000. to manufacture and sell toys and novelties. $8,850 has been sub- scribed and paid in. Detroit—The Michigan Chandelier Co., 3130 Chene street, manufacturer and dealer in light fixtures, has merged the business into a stock company un- der the same style with a capital stock of $100,000, all subscribed and paid in, Detroit—The Garfield Manufactur- ing Co., Inc., 1834 Garfield avenue, has been organized to manufacture and sell soap and other chemical products, with a capital stock of 100 shares at $10 a share, $1,000 being subscribed and paid in. Detroit—The Acme Cigar & Mer- chandise Co., 2431 Russell street, has been organized to manufacture and sell cigars and tobaccos and deal in confec- tionery with a capital stock of 2,000 shares at $10 a share, $5,000 being sub- scribed and paid in. Grand Rapids—The Grand Rapids Vapor Kiln, Inc., 300 Michigan Trust Bldg., has been organized to manufac- ture and deal in vapor kilns and other apparatus, with a capital stock of 2,500 shares at $1 a share, $1,000 being sub- scribed and paid in. hhorts. Fiftieth Anniversary Should be Brought Before Bar of Justice The news behind the news points to a coming conflict. The issue is clearly drawn between Wall street and Main street. It is a struggle between the common people and the greedy “money changers.” On one side is arrayed manufacturers, transportation officials, wholesalers, jobbers, the merchants, professions, farmers and laborers. On the others are the Wall street and in- ternational bankers and their pliant co- The issue at stake is whether the Government shall be administered under the constitution or delegated longer to the greedy money interests. Whether it shall serve all the people or just the ten per cent. who own over ninety per cent. of the wealth of th 4 Nation. Possibly the “money changers” justify their right to rule because they possess most of the wealth. Never before have Wall street finan- ciers been confronted by so formidable an army. They fear the President, who is at the head of this army. They feared him when he heeded the call of the common people to become their nominee. They showered the Chicago National convention with telegrams, to “stop Roosevelt.” They sent in their candidate to secure the nomination. He went down to overwhelming defeat. They did not like the President’s in- augural address, in which he presented a scathing indictment of the “money changers,” who had nearly ruined civil- ization. They did not like his declara- tion, that the anti-trust law must be en- forced against monopoly, The battle lines are now forming. The torys within the official ranks of the President’s lieutenants and advis- ors are resigning and going over to the enemy. Their watchman on the tower of the Empire State building is firing their heavy artillery upon the Presi- dent’s recovery plans. He is loading the big guns with poisonous shells, known as “cheap money,” “fifty cent dollars,” printing press money, and Al’s own invention, the “boloney dol- lar.” This is not the first time the greedy financiers have used this kind of ammunition, The war between Wall street and Main street must be fought to a finish. When the people of Main street fully understand the deception that has impoverished them and is seeking to control their future destiny, they will rise up and destroy their enemies. Under the leadership of the President the cohorts of greedy wealth will be banished and its corrupting in- fluence will no longer bribe Govern- ment officials to sell out the rights of the people. A new monetary system will be set up and entirely controlled by the Government. Silver will be re- monetized so that an adequate volume of money can be assured at all times. The greedy financiers who have robbed the people of billions should be brought before the bar-of justice, triedand con- victed and their wealth should be con- fiscated and the proceeds used to pay off the National debt. E. B. Stebbins. >> Modern intelligence and the spirit of enterprise constitute the main. . forces that create town progress. a Nate Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Essential Features of the Grocery Staples Codes Without End, Another code is promised to be ready for the Presi- dent’s signature Dec. 10. Sugar — Local jobbers hold cane granulated at 5.10c and beet granu- lated at 4.90c. Canned Fruit—New pack Florida grapefruit has been quite steady, with none of the price cutting among larger factors which marred previous sea- sons. Some of the first of the new pack has been received here and gone into distribution, and buyers have expressed satisfaction with the quality. The offi- cial okay from Secretary Wallace is all that is needed now to make the prices on California cling peaches ef- fective as of Jan. 2. This would fix standard No. 2%s at $1.30, Coast, choice at $1.40 and fancy at $1.60, all up 10c, while No. 10s would be ad- vanced 25c and sizes below No, 2%s 5c a dozen. Stocks left are largely in the hands of the bigger packers who were forced to hold the well known umbrella while future peaches contract- ed for at lower than code price levels early last summer flowed to the trade. The unsold surplus now in first hands has been put at 4,482,221 cases as of November 1, with eight months to go before the next pack. Peaches have not been active here, but sellers report that in other sections of the country the situation has been better. Canned Vegetables— Canned vege- tables are well maintained. Southern tomatoes have shown scarcely no change in weeks. Occasionally some small lot is quoted below the general market, but in the main the situation is as firm as anyone would ask for. New pack spinach has shown, perhaps, a larger decline from earlier price ideas than any other item. There does not seem to be any great pressure to sell, however. Canned Fish—The canned shrimp in- dustry in the South is close to achiev- ing stabilization through the setting up of an exchange, but the job has not been finished as early as it was expect- ed. The industry has been signed up to the extent of 95 per cent. of the total pack and while the industry could go ahead on this basis some of the pack- ers are inclined to continue the drive for the remaining 5 per cent. Success could undoubtedly be achieved with the present set-up, since the 95 per cent. signed includes all the packers of any consequence, but it is perhaps wise to wait a little longer to secure the others and make the thing airtight. Once this is done the original opening prices of $1.20, $1.10 and $1 on large, medium and small shrimp can be made to stick. Dried Fruits—With the Thanksgiv- ing holiday over, trade interest in dried fruits is broadening out once again and more attention is being given to the general line. Pre-Thanksgiving busi- ness was generally good, with the shortages of some lines emphasizing demand. The next thing the trade will be watching is the results of the drive on Imperial prunes. With arrange- ments made for large window displays, supported by a nation-wide consumer advertising campaign, the prune pool is making its bid for public support through increased consumption, It is hoped that the increase in consumption will not merely be temporary but that the wider uses which are to be stressed in the campaign will have a lasting ef- fect and will see prunes prepared and served in a variety of ways by which a wider demand will be established. California raisins have a firmer under- tone, with bleached varieties in short supply and prices up. The depreciation of the dollar against international ex- changes has, of course, resulted in some heavy booking of fruits, like dried ap- ples, Northwest prunes, apricots, etc. Some of the items which have been and are still being bought freely for export have only a limited domestic appeal, but at least affect the domestic market indirectly as in the case of Northwest prunes. Jobbers here re- port a good routine business, with fruits moving in a steady way and re- sistance to higher prices being gradu- ally overcome. Nuts—With the Thanksgiving holi- day over, nut interests are now busy with surveys and looking forward to the year-end holidays. There was a last minute rush of business as was anticipated, but the caution shown by the trade in previous weeks indicates fairly well that retail outlets are inade- quately covered. Prices on nuts in the shell have fluctuated considerably this fall and imported shelled nuts advanced somewhat under the influence of higher importing costs. Rice—The market here is relatively quiet just at present while the trade adjusts itself to new control prices. There is some routine activity going on all the time, but most of it appears still confined to second hands who are still in a position to take advantage of pre- vailing fixed costs. The higher freight rates which went into effect at Atlan- tic Coast ports this week, of course, had been anticipated and sellers here now look for a thin domestic market until along the latter part of the pres- ent month, when some fairly good sized buying for new year delivery is expected. Salt Fish—The holiday season tend- ed to reduce the demand for salt fish. This was only seasonal, and a resump- tion of good business is expected with the turn of the year. Mackerel prices have been firm. The assortment of American mackerel is still confined to the medium sizes. Herring was also affected by the approach of year-end holidays. Prices have been well main- tained. Vinegar—Sellers of sweet cidar were reconciled to a poor season. To date sales have been far behind the normal volume for this time of the year. And of course since the season for sweet cider is of short duration, there were prospects of price cuts in the near fu- ture in order to accelerate the move- ment. Vinegar is seasonally slow. ——_~+-+—___ Sometimes people speak lightly of the country newspaper, but it is one of the most potent and uplifting factors in our National existence. The great dailies have their mission, but their scope is too big to touch very closely the inner things of life. ——_»+++>—___ In three days a good story is an old story. Review of the Produce Market Alligator Pears—19c each. Apples—Wolf River, 50 @ 75c per bu.; Northern Spy, $1.25 for No. 1; $1.50 for etra fancy; Wagner, 75 for No. 1. Artichokes — Calif., 80c per doz., 4 doz. in box. Bananas—6 @ 6c per lb. Butter—Jobbers hold plain wrapped creamery prints at 21!4c, cartons at 22c and tub butter at 2lc. Cabbage—$1 per bushel. Carrots—60c per dozen bunches of Calif.; 75c per bushel for home grown. Cauliflower—$1.75 per crate. Celery—20@40c per rozen bunches. Celery Cabbage—40c per doz. Chestnuts — Italian command 15c per Ib. Cocoanuts—90c per doz. or $5.50 per bag. Cranberries — Late Howes from Cape Cod, $2.50 per 25 Ib. box. Cucumbers—No. 1 hothouse, $1 per dozen. Dried Beans — Michigan Jobbers pay as follows for hand picked at ship- ping stations: € Hl Pea trom farmer... $2.15 Light Red Kidney from farmer-- 3.75 Dark Red Kidney from farmer-_- 4.00 Piont) Cranberry =... 00 Eggs—Jobbers pay 14c per lb. for mixed eggs and l6c per lb. for heavy white eggs. They sell as follows: Maney fresh white... 28c Gangled, fresh 2222 25¢ Candled, large pullets-_._____--__-_ 22c Candled, small pullets_._.__...----- 18c Storage eggs are as follows: Candied Se l6c Storase, OM 0 18c G@heeke) oe 15e Grapes—California Imperials, $1.65 per box. Grape Fruit—Texas and Florida are held as follows: Ga $3.25 7 A ee 3.25 C0 3:25 Oe 3.00 Green Beans—$2.25 per hamper for Louisiana grown. Green Onions — Charlottes, 50c per dozen for Louisiana. Green Peas—$5.50 per crate of 40 lbs. for Southern grown. Green Peppers — California, 50c per dozen. Honey—Carroll’s No. 5, $4.85 doz. Hubbard Squash—lIlc per lb. Table Queen are the same. Honey Dew Melons—$2.25 per crate. Lettuce — In good demand on the following basis: Imperial Valley, 6s, per crate----$3.50 Imperial Valley, 4s and 5s, crate__ 4.00 Peat het house22- 2 50 Lemons—The price is as follows: 300 Sunkist: 0 $6.00 S00 Sunieist 822.00) 6.50 S60 Red Ball 5.00 300 Red Balk = 5.50 Limes—20c per dozen. Mushrooms—30c per one Ib. carton. Onions—Home grown, 90c per bu. for Yellow and $1 for White. Oranges—Fancy Sunkist California Valencias are now sold as follows: 2G ee $4.00 oe 4.00 ee 4.00 a ee 4.00 5 757. ee ee 3.75 288 oo 3.75 S74 3.50 Red Ball, 50c per box less. Parsley—30c per doz. for hot house. Rhubarb—Hot house $2 per crate. Pomegranates —80c per dozen for Calif. Potatoes—80c per bu.; Idahos, $2.25 per 100 lb. bag. Poultry—Wilson & Company pay as follows: Heavy fowls _... 9c Hieht Powls (20) 20 7c Deeks 7c Workeys (00 lic (CCCCG 7c Radishes — 30c dozen bunches hot house. Spinach — 80c per bushel for Ken- tucky grown. Sweet Potatoes — Jerseys from In- diana, $1.90 per bu. Tomatoes—90c per 8 lb. basket for home grown hot house. Turnips—75c per bushel. Veal Calves — Wilson & Company pay as follows: Haney 5Y4@b6%c Godd 2 5 @6c Vegetable Oysters—30c per doz. Wax Beans — $3 per hamper for Louisiana grown. —__~+-+-—____. Litvinoff Overlooked Something The United States as a whole has recognized Soviet Russia, but there still seems to be one fractional dis- senter. This is Mr. Rockefeller’s ver- Fifth Avenue, sometimes known as Radio City. Stu- tical principality on dents of war and art will recall that Diego Rivera of Mexico last Winter painted a large, somewhat florid por- trait of Lenin there, with other revo‘u- The fresco was considered unifit for public view tionary embellishments. on those walls and it was promptly covered up with theavp canvas. Possibly it did not occur to Mr. Lit- vinoff to make the resurrection of this painted hymn of communism a condi- tion for resuming diplomatic relations. Or can the contrary be true? Did Lit- vinoff tell Mr. Roosevelt, gently but firmly, that Russia would recognize the United States only on condition that the unflattering likeness of Lenin re- main forever turned to one of Ameri- ca’s most resplendent walls? ——__>2> 2 Gabby Gleanings From Grand Rapids Walter Baker, of Kalamazoo, now business stimulator for the Indian Trail Coach Lines, was in town one day last week. Mr. Baker says he has many things to his credit of which he is proud. The accomplishment he prizes most highly is that he has been a regular subscriber and reader of the Michigan Tradesman for forty-eight years. Charles C. Kritzer, who was engaged in the manufacture of lightning arrest- ers and circuit breakers here for sev- eral years, died in Chicago Tuesday. The funeral and interment will be held in Newaygo, where deceased was born and conducted the grist mill business for many years. During his residence in Chicago he developed a new method of treating lime, manufacturing the machinery necessary to make _ his process possible. 6 MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE Non-Liquid Insurance Assets In the wake of the economic storm that has been sweeping over us with such unprecedented violence in recent years, a mass of wreckage has been ac- cumulating in the field of insurance. A flattering justification of the prev- alent faith in the stability of insurance institutions may be extracted from the fact that prior to 1930 relatively few receiverships had to be initiated by in- surance commissioners, They were sporadic events, limited in extent and consequences. Since then, however, the liquidation of insurance companies has become ne- cessary with increasing frequency, though still at a rate below the general average, and the supervising authori- t.es are now confronted with this p lem on a magnified scale, involving problems which arise not only from a greater number, but also from a greater radius of influence which characterizes the present-day insolvency situation. When failures of insurance compan- ies were few and far between, there existed at the same time an ample background of solvent institutions able and willing to absorb a crippled busi- ness and to extricate at least its pol- icyholders from the danger of total loss. Not a few impending failures were successfully averted altogether. Today, there are happily many sol- vent insurance companies, but they are not nearly so willing, nor able, to come to the rescue of their less fortunate rivals. An economic depression of the magnitude and sweeping breadth of the present affliction does not spend itself in fatalities. It weakens all, and insurance companies cannot claim im- munity from its effects. That most of our insurance institu- tions are blessed with sturdy constitu- tions, holding promise of ability to weather the storm, is one of the con- soling and reassuring bright spots in the dark picture. But it would be a mistake to suppose that even the strongest companies had come off without a scratch. Mortgage loans and other interest-bearing securities, normally considered the best possible investments for the funds of insurance companies and always constituting the bulk of the assets of these institu- tions, have become frozen or declined in value to an unprecedented extent. Holdings of unprofitable real estate have multiplied on a large scale due to foreclosures, often unavoidable. In short, the liquidity of assets, so long the boast of our strongest institutions, is no longer anything to boast of. One consequence of this situation is that receivers of insolvent companies cannot proceed speedily with liquida- tion which, as the name implies, is a making liquid of the resources of the bankrupt estate. While this state of affairs makes for economy in admin- istration—you cannot spend money you do not have—it also adds to its prob- lems and trials. Most of the States have on their statute books certain legislative enact- MICHIGAN ments outlining legal procedure to be followed upon official determination of insolvency of an insurance company. But there is room for more guidance in the multifarious activities of the liq- uidator, such as the marshalling of assets, the accounting for the receiver- ship, the filing and approval of claims, the payment of liquidating dividends, the order of preference of certain clas- ses of claims, court procedure and rat- ification of the liquidator’s acts. All these and many others are new problems, difficult of solution, and re- quire the best matured thought and a good deal of specialized training and experience. It may be conducive to good results if the National Convention of Insur- ance Commissioners were to give con- sideration to the entire problem of liquidation of insurance companies, with a view, after due deliberation, to some pronouncement of policy for uni- form adoption in all States. Forrest Mitchell. —_>--.—__ Economic Test of Life Insurance A very fixed and definite responsibil- ity attaches to every man or woman in the insurance business, We may be- come enthusiastic in our thoughts that prosperity is just around the corner, we may ponder well the prospects for the future: but unless we, as apostles of insurance, tackle our individual jobs with a renewed and resolute hope and an optimism that admits not of the surly spectacle of a crushing depres- undermined the morale of business, we shall not attain the high standards commensurate with the dignity of the insurance profession. Insurance, like any other business, has been subjected to acid-tests during the last 100 years, Economic upheavals are not an innovation in American business. Gigantic catastrophes, money panics, inflated values and false stand- ards have many times sought to break down the security of insurance; but it has ever been found basically sound and, in spite of the character-testing period of 1931, a total of $4,000,000,000 was deposited in insurance premiums with American companies of which 62 per cent. was returned to the policy- holders by way of death claims, en- dowments, annuities, etc. What could be a more eloquent appraisal of the genuine worth of insurance? I was very much impressed in read- ing a recent editorial comment on in- surance. The statement said in part as follows: “Life insurance in these times has a more important significance than dur- ing periods of prosperty.” Statements such as these, represent- ing as they do the judgment of peri- odicals of far-reaching influence, em- phasize the good repute of the insur- ance business and are a challenge to those associated with its functions to preserve that well-deserved appraisal. I think that it does not reflect good judgment in seeking to embarrass our banking institutions by pointing to their failures in many instances to jus- tify the public confidence which they enjoyed in a better day. We should be helpless without banks. But prudence sion which has _ so TRADESMAN and modesty in the acclaim of accom- plishment can do no ‘harm. While the invading deficits of a de- pression—which contrary to the belief of many is not peculiar alone to Amer- ha sswallowed up the fortunes in wealth and caught in its snare count- insurance has with- ica less thousands, stood the winds of adversity. Its fun- damental soundness is the hope of a people harassed and baffled by a shaken confidence. Never before has insurance merited such acclaim and never before have the people of America been so generous in their expressions of confidence and so susceptible to its benefits. In our moments of exultation, how- ever, we must not be unmindful of the fact that with every success there is an That re- sponsibility is individual to men who are out on the firing line, as it were, in bringing to the people the manifold benefits of insurance. inescapable responsibility, While it is consistent with good business ethics to be bound!ess in praise for the or companies any man represents and the excellence of the contract he is seeking to sell a prospective purchaser, he must ever be on his guard lest he do not hint at in- security or the basic soundness of a competing company. Many a bank has closed its doors carrying to destruction the hopeful anticipations of its depos- itors because someone in an unthink- ing moment, either by implication or otherwise, has conveyed a thought of insolvency. company Fiftieth Anniversary The mails of the Insurance Depart- ment carry inquiries into companies against whom a whispering propaganda has been lodged. It is well to be zeal- ous in solicitation of business; but to overstep the bounds of propriety in- vites destruction and chaos which wil] ultimately reflect to embarrass and im- pair earning capacity of the culprit. I presume that it is natural that I should believe that to State supervision, does the protective sources of the State, is due a portion of credit for the incomparable public confidence which insurance now en- joys. I further believe that a misap- plication of that force would be just as potent a factor in the decline of such confidence, and it is for this reason that I have consistently encouraged the council of agency forces in the deter- mination of the many perplexing prob- lems with which I, as Superintendent, am called upon to act as arbitrator. implying as it The Insurance Department can be of great benefit to agency forces, but in the final analysis the responsibility rests on insurance men, Legislation of a corrective nature must emanate from sources such as in- surance meetings. In my judgment the laws of Illinois in respect to insurance are as solicitous of the insuring public as those of any other State in the Union, but new and changing condi- tions require changes in our statutes to cope with the new economic era in which we now find ourselves. (Continued on page 22) the MILL MUTUALS ACERCY = Lace imine and practiced few lee years mula, insweance not avticipate made pess i Lie L, cooperation hy RANSENM G © . DEWTROatT e ° GRAND RAP@QDS Ee e ae Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN A 32 oz.—not 26 oz. — pack- age containing pure iodine in just the right amount. A popular package — the biggest package for your money. Ideal for the table. eee The Barrel Mark that Buttermakers know best. 541 Paris Ave., S. E. It is with a profound feeling of gratitude and appreciation that we acknowledge the many favors received from the hands of the retail trade of the state of Michigan over a long period of years. And it is with par- donable pride that we point to this trade approval and acceptance of COLONIAL SALT as a tribute to a selling policy built around Service — Service as attested by the high quality of the product together with a willingness to recognize the niceties of trade relations and what it means to be on the friendliest of terms with your customers. THERE IS A COLONIAL SALT FOR EVERY PURPOSE. We have learned the necessity of a special salt for each special purpose, and in every instance and for what- ever purpose it may be used COLONIAL SALT can be depended upon to give best results. THERE IS A Coloni FOR Salt EVERY PURPOSE RICHARD WARNER, Jr. Phone 8-7301 MEMBER WE DO OUR PART Please Accept Our Thanks FOR THE TABLE Colonial Iodine Salt 2 lb. round can. Colonial Log Cabin Plain Salt 2 lb. round can. Colonial (sq. pkg.) Plain Salt 114 lb., 2 lb. and 3 Ib. packages. FOR TABLE AND COOKING Colonial & Bunker Hill Salt 2, 21%, 3, 4, 5, 10, 28 and 56 Ib, sacks. FOR THE CREAMERY Colonial Butter Salt 100 lb. sacks or barrels. FOR THE BAKER Colonial Bakers’ Salt 100 lb. sacks or barrels. FOR BUTTER, MEAT PACKING, AND ALL FARM USE Colonial Special Farmers’ Salt 70 lb. sacks. THE COLONIAL SALT COMPANY, AKRON, OHIO MICHIGAN REPRESENTATIVE Grand Rapids, Mich. 8 STILL AFRAID TO HIT DIRECT Virtually no further progress has has been made this week either in the fight of the opponents of the Presi- dent’s financial program or in a clari- fication of the monetary policy. This does not mean that it has been a quiet period. On the contrary, the week has been marked by an unusual amount of activity among those carrying on the monetary controversy and by more than the usual quota of rumors as to what the Administration is going to do. After it all has been sifted out, however, the fact still remains that the last few days have added little if any- thing that might be of aid in appraising the outlook. Perhaps the most interesting devel- opment of the week was the two meet- ings held recently. On the one side Was a group, the Crusaders, opposing inflation, and on the other side, Father Coughlin and various cohorts, support- ing the policy of the President. Meas- ured by attendance there is no question that the latter was more successful. This was also true if one weighed the meetings on the basis of the effective- ness of the speakers in arousing a pub- lic following. Neither meeting, how- ever, provided any particular indica- tion of the relative strength of the two forces. This still remains to be de- cided. At the same time these meetings did provide a good example of what the anti-inflationists are up against in their fight. So far they have been content to present rather nicely reasoned argu- ments. They apparently have worked on the thesis that if one merely will talk to sufficient people in quiet terms they unquestionably will see the light and become opponents of the Admin- istration program. What they seem to be doing, in other words, is setting up glorified class-rooms for the public and making somewhat the same kind of speeches that might be made before a group with more or less understand- ing of financial principles and termin- ology. On the side of the inflationists no such error is being made. They have recognized clearly that they are talking to individuals who do not understand complicated economic and monetary arguments. In consequence all idea of logic has been tossed out the window and the campaign is being carried for- ward on purely emotional grounds. Their arguments are silly, inaccurate and monstrous, but they sound plaus- ible and win support. The trouble with the opposition seems to be that it is afraid of hurting someone’s feeling. Instead of indulg- ing in the kind of statements that any politician would tell them is neces- sary in a case of this kind, they behave like they were carrying on an argument at a tea party. It seems that as long as they follow these tactics, they will continue to be ineffective and the infla- tionists will remain in the saddle. It also seems that the opposition most likely will continue these tactics until it is too late to stop the issuance of printing-press money, either directly by the Government or indirectly through the Federal Reserve Banks. With one or two exceptions they are afraid to hit direct and hit hard. Most & MICHIGAN TRADESMAN o them think it is still too early to tell the American public that a continua- tion of the present financial policy of the Administration can lead only to economic and financial collapse. PRODUCERS ON DEFENSIVE At the “profiteering” hearings this week in Washington, it is likely that manufacturers and not retailers will be the principal defendants. These ses- sions will be devoted to finding out just how prices on many articles were in- creased under various codes and if those advances were justified. Perhaps some retailers did entertain large ideas of how they would mark up their wares and get back profits ina hurry when the Fall season started. They were soon forced, however, to change them. For one thing, the buy- ing power was not there and, again, the weather and competition interfered very seriously with their plans. In the main, though, merchants were more worried over what they might have to ask because of sharply advanc- ing prices in their markets than de- lighted over prospects of improved dol- lar volume. Most of them averaged up their costs and the full weight of replacement expense never appeared in their quotations. Later on the sea- son turned out so unfavorably, in many instances, that they were forced to dis- regard costs and sell at what they could get. The case of many manufacturers was different. A number of them marked up prices substantially before their higher code costs were encountered. Then the code increases were magni- fied. In many instances, little or no attention was paid to the economies obtained through these same codes, such as lower discounts and the elim- ination of quantity rebates. It is understood that confidential complaints will be accepted by the gov- ernment investigators. Some of these recitals should go a long way toward explaining why the recovery program has failed to attain the highest hopes held out for it. SUBSTITUTES MISSING Agitation of the money question has been less pronounced during the past week. Possibly, the failure of sound money adherents to offer a practical substitute for the relief measures adopt- ed was a reason. Critics of the admin- istration, as many business observers see it, are profuse in their arguments against recovery steps but have nothing to advance beyond methods which proved woefully ineffective over three long years. Thus, even the business suggestions of Dr. Sprague, early in the week, are by no means new. Economists have repeatedly urged more efficient produc- tion and lower prices, which would re- store and expand industry so that agri- cultural workers would be attracted back to the plants, thus reducing farm output. ' The difficulty here lies, of course, in getting a start. Then, again, while no one questions that demand would be stimulated by lower prices, the matter of debt servcie enters. Stores, for in- stance, can sell a greater number of units at reduced prices but, if dollar volume suffers, then fixed charges take a larger percentage of the income. This happened over the last two years and wages and salaries had to bear the brunt. If every industry was fixed to carry out mass production like the automo- bile line, then lower prices and _ fair wages might be possible. Low-cost housing was offered by Dr. Sprague as a possibility of new business, but the difficulties here are so numerous and complex that, while the suggestion has been made throughout the depression, the plan seems to get nowhere. SENTIMENT GAINS FURTHER The firmness of the administration in the face of assaults against its money policy, along with certain indi- cations of public temper on this and other issues, has apparently caused some subsiding of the monetary agita- tion. During the past week sentiment improved further, the gains being based upon the appearance of more encouraging prospects for business and also upon a spread of the feeling that the recovery plan should be given a fair chance to prove its worth. For the third week the business in- dex advanced, showing the best gain so far in this upturn. The rise in steel operations was noted particularly in view of more cheerful reports coming from this industry. Steel scrap, ac- cepted as a barometer in this line, was higher for the first time since last August. Although somewhat troubled by union labor relations, the automobile industry is making a start on new mod- els, and estimates are heard that out- put next year may run 50 per cert. ahead of this year’s production. At any rate, the upturn in retail sales this season and cautious manufacturing schedules have reduced stocks to the lowest level in years. Given further headway in the build- ing line, the upturn in automobile man- ufacture and railroad rehabilitation might furnish about the same basis for recovery as in 1921, when these were the principal factors in restoring pros- perity. PLANNED OUTPUT STARTS In the announcement late last week that the cotton textile authority has obtained permission to order a cut in production to 75 per cent. of the limit specified in its code was seen the first major instance of planned output under the NRA. ‘An industry is regulating its operations to consumer demand upon an industry-wide scale. This experiment will be eagerly watched in all business quarters be- cause its results will signify whether control of this kind can overcome the wide fluctuations which have plagued all lines of enterprise. The producer and his customers have their eyes on prices a large part of the time, but they appreciate that conditions of supply and demand govern. The cotton textile industry, particu- larly, has been struggling with this problem of feast and famine, with not much feast. An active demand would send production shooting up always to overreach the mark. Output would con- tniue heavy after the demand had dried up. Prices would be slashed and Fiftieth Anniversary wages cut in order to stir up business in the face of an expiring demand. To overcome these conditions, the industry first undertook to outlaw night work by women and minors, then it attempted to set limits upon operating schedules. Finally, it came through with the first code under the NRA. Now it proposes to cut output 25 per cent. under that agreement and thus becomes the first major industry to undertake planned economy. DRY GOODS CONDITIONS Launching of apparel clearance sales and the starting of the traditional holi- day shopping period brought a sharp pick-up in retail trade toward the close of last week. Before Thanksgiving business was not very active, the warm weather again holding down volume. Results for the month just closed were rather spotty. The first half saw trade lifted out of the doldrums and increases made over last year. In the second half the late holiday caused a loss of the holiday business which fig- ured in last year’s volume. In this area it is estimated that No- vember will show a small gain over a year ago. For the country as a whole indications are that sales may prove about equal or just a little better than they were in November, 1932. With prohibition repeal a matter of actual accomplishment, retailers are, of course, keenly interested in its pos- sibilities. While they may lose some money through liquor purchases, they look for a general loosening up of pub- lic buying which should more than off- set the loss. Some re-orders were received on hol- iday goods in the wholesale merchan- dise markets during the week. There were also a number of first orders, which are unusually late due to the restrictions placed upon buying budg- ets on account of the slow retail sea- son. Manufacturers are lowering prices on spot goods as a means of helping stores to reduce inventories. To think great thoughts you must be heroes as well as idealists. Only when you have worked alone—when you have felt around you a black gulf of solitude . . . and in hope and in despair have trusted to your own un- shaken will—then only will you have achieved. Thus only can you gain the secret isolated joy of the thinker, who knows that, long after he is dead and forgotten, men who never heard of him will be moving to the measure of his thoughts—Oliver Wendell Holmes. daiemeenereasemnenpee et ace Continuous advertising, like contni- uous work, is most effective. If there is any enterprise in the world that a quitter should leave severely alone it is advertising. Advertising does not jerk; it pulls. It begins very gently at first, but the pull is steady. It in- creases day by day, year by year, until it exerts an irresistible power. To dis- continue advertising is the same as taking down your sign. If you want to do business, you must let the pub- lic know it—John Wanamaker. snecieeeenenmmiettesinisscepsis No man can tell what the future may bring forth, and small opportuni- ties are often the beginning of great enterprises, Peale Ha kcomhags a ee ss ' ty am PO 3 ' - a ne fe a ro si a ee ey Ey By i am PO Fiftieth Anniversary OUT AROUND Things Seen and Heard on a Week End Trip It gives me great pleasure to hand our subscribers this week the fiftieth anniversary edition of the Michigan Tradesman—not so large in size as some of its twenty-five predecessors, but nearly 20 per cent, larger in size than the anniversary edition put out last year—l04 pages instead of 88 pages, exclusive of cover. This year’s anniversary edition contains over forty special articles, mostly written especi- ally for this year’s anniversary offer- ing, including a liberal sprinkling of contributors who have been with us on previous occasions. Charles W. Gar- field and Lee M. Hutchins have been with us every anniversary issue for the past twenty-five years, Now that we have rounded out the fifty years I hoped to accomplish when I started the Michigan Tradesman back in 1883, I suppose my readers will expect something entirely different than I have ever given them before. I am afraid they will be doomed to dis- appointment, because the annual re- views I have prepared for them during the second quarter of a century have covered practically every worthwhile feature pertaining to the growth of our paper and the prosperity of our readers. While the sources of infor- mation have been greatly amplified during the past fifty years and the han- dling of all classes of merchandise has been practically revolutionized, yet the same cardinal principles essential to mercantile success stand out in bold relief, the same as they will, I think, fifty years hence. Honesty is still hon- esty, service is still service, courtesy is still courtesy and vision is still vision. These qualities are more in evidence now than they ever have been in the past and they are just as essential to success as was the case fifty years ago. One reason why the Michigan Tradesman has been so generausly treated by both the retail and whole- sale trade is because of the material advantages it has been able to accom- plish in their behalf, some of which may be enumerated as follows: Organized 132 associations for re- tail merchants at its own expense, en- abling the members to collect over five million dollars in poor accounts at comparatively small cost. Brought about the uniform insurance policy form, which has been worth mil- lions of dollars to Michigan merchants during the past thirty-five years. Took thirteen cases to the Supreme Court which merchants were unable to do on account of their financial circum- stances and secured a victory thirteen times. These cases involved vital prin- ciples affecting the well being of Mich- igan merchants. Made large personal contribution to the fund used to defeat the machina- tions of the mail order houses when the parcel post law was enacted. But for the writer this law would have been made much more favorable for mail order houses, thus working great hard- ship to regular retail dealers. Forced stock insurance companies to abandon the wicked and unnecessary MICHIGAN surcharge they undertook to saddle on the insuring public during the war. Encouraged organization of mutual fire insurance companies which furnish the merchant valid insurance at 30 to 60 per cent. saving over stock company rates. Saved merchants millions of dollars by exposing frauds and cheats who prey upon the credulity of the mer- cantile fraternity. The above by no means represents the measure of service we have been able to record for the benefit of the mercantile interests, but it is sufficient- ly important and varied to show that it has justified the existence of the Michigan Tradesman and enabled it to render a service which could not be obtained from any other agency or or- ganization. I wish I knew exactly how much Realm of Rascality has been worth to the readers of the Tradesman. If I were to make an estimate of its value I would place it at a half million dol- lars per year. This may look large to some, but I could qualify on such a statement if required to do so. The Tradesman has been very out- spoken in handling cheats and frauds during the past half century and has been threatened with hundreds of libel suits. Sixteen of these threats were carried into execution and the cases tried before legal tribunals at a cost to us of more than $60,000. In every case the controversies resulted in verdicts of no cause of action. I still hope to see the day when crooks will be relegated to the scrap heap and shady transactions will be taboo, but it will never do to lie down on the job or lessen the present degree of watchfulness so long as all kinds of wickedness is so prevalent in the land. I am glad to be able to record that during the fifty years I have edited the Michigan Tradesman I have never permitted a word to appear in the pa- per which would cause a child to ask a question. I was greatly pleased to re- ceive a greeting recently from the Women’s City Club, of Grand Rapids, congratulating me on the example of clean journalism I have maintained without interruption during the long career of the Tradesman, During the career of the Michigan Tradesman I have received letters from perhaps 5,000 merchants saying they have gained competences by following the advice they have found in such ample measure in our paper. My reply has always been that I am glad to learn that I have helped them on the royal road to riches, if they make good use of the possessions they have acquired. I wish to improve this opportunity to thank our subscribers and advertis- ers for the generous patronage they have accorded us all these years; to thank our contributors for the faith- ful service they have rendered us and to express appreciation to all others who have extended a helping hand whenever needed. They all form a TRADESMAN band of helpers who deserve our hear- tiest thanks. One long-familiar face is missing from this year’s anniversary—Dr, A. W. Wishart. After being a regular fea- ture of these special editions for twen- ty-five consecutive years, Dr. Wishart has been called to meet his Maker. His record as pastor of the Fountain street Baptist church (Grand Rapids) was a most exceptional one. It will go down in history as one of the most re- markable clerical careers this country has ever witnessed. Aside from the fact that the earnings of the Tradesman have been ample to enable the writer to live in peace and comfort and lay a little something away for a rainy day, it has enabled him to do his full share in contributing to current charities which appealed to him until the recent depression cur- tailed our income to such an extent that these contributions have been out of the question. It has also enabled him to do his part in keeping the wheels of industry moving in the city of his adoption. The assistance I have been able to render my patrons in their aim to achieve mercantile supremacy has, of course, brought me great satisfaction: but even more gratifying are the per- manent friends I have been able to gain and retain all these years and whom I have cherished with great delight and appreciation. We had a pleasant arrangement dur- ing the six summer months with E. B. Stebbins, of Lakeview, who repre- sented our subscription department in Nérthern Michigan and the Upper Peninsula. He sent us several hundred new customers, giving every one he called on a little talk on economics and helped those merchants who sold nut oleo some years ago, but did not handle animal oleo, to $7 and $15 cash rebates from Uncle Sam. I hape we may have the pleasure and satisfaction of having Mr. Stebbins with us again next summer. Of one thing we are sure: Fifty years of faithful service lies behind us and the opportunity to serve the retail dealer is just as great as ever. In fact, there never was a time, in our opinion, when the need of sane and sensible leadership was more apparent than now, when the cohorts of greed and would-be monopoly press forward so arbitrarily and arrogantly for mastery. The writer has reached a stage of life where he ought to be considering the idea of retirement, but to turn the du- ties of his position over to less expe- rienced hands at this time, when sea- soned knowledge of the situation is so urgently needed, would be an unthink- able betrayal of trust. Thoroughly imbued with this idea and steadfast in the determination that he can be of important assistance to the trade dur- ing the years of stress which evidently confront us, the writer will lay aside the call for rest and relaxation until the right of the independent merchant to a place in the world of trade is clearly and permanently established. 9 There never was a time when the Tradesman felt it was so indispensable to the retail trade as now. There never was a time when the retail deal- er was confronted with so many dif- ficult problems and perplexing condi- tions as at present. This applies to all lines of merchandise and every branch of buying and selling. Mer- chandising has become a science, in which a novice stands small chance of success. In times past a farmer or mechanic could espouse the mercantile business and frequently win recogni- tion and success. Such a possibility has largely become a matter of history, be- cause competition is now so keen and the fundamental: rules and underlying theories of the retail business are so exacting and abstruse that none but experienced men stand any show of succeeding in any legitimate mercan- tile pursuit. I do not feel called upon at this time to make any promises for the future. The past furnishes a sufficient crite- rion of what the future has in store. With widened experience and (I trust) expanded vision, with a corps of ex- pert advisers and competent contribu- tors, with a rapidly growing circle of eager readers who place absolute trust in the integrity and good faith of this publication, the Tradesman now en- ters upon its second half century full of hope and promise, which I confi- dently expect to realize and see ful- filled in large measure. I am sorry to see that some of our local public school teachers propose to ally themselves with the American (should be un-American) federation of labor, which means that they are no longer free agents, but servile tools in the hands of the most desperate tyran- ny ever established in a free country. Under the practice of the union their equipment will soon include torches, clubs and daggers. The three allied industries—the grain gtower, the grain grinder and the bread baker —are the oldest occupa- tions recorded in history. They ante- date all recorded history, because on them depended the health and wel- fare of the people in the gradually up- ward progress they have made from degradation to civilization —from a condition close to the animal to the proud position they now occupy as superior human beings. Because of this allied relation there should be no friction between these classes or the i dividual members of each class. 3 ' Unfortunately, this live-and-let-live spirit has not always prevailed among the bakers of modern times because of a disposition at times to introduce the tendency of the Ishmaelite—with the hand against every other man’s hand; with the substitution of a spirit of har- mony and good will for a determina- tion to destroy the confidence which has long been the valued possession of the bread baker and replace it with a feeling of suspicion, distrust and ani- mosity. Instead of undertaking to see how a reasonable profit can be made regularly and legitimately, such men (Continued on page 23) 10 FINANCIAL Without Gold-Buying Program Is Legal Foundation From the memoranda of Dean Ache- son and Stanley Reed which became public a few days ago it is perfectly clear that the Administration does not have legal authority for its present gold policy. It is true, of course, that Reed makes an argument to support the right of the Reconstruction Fi- nance Corporation to buy gold at above the statutory price, but his line of rea- sning is so obviously unsound that I seriously doubt if even Mr. Reed him- self would care to defend it in a court. The first thing to note in connection with the two memoranda is that both agree that the Reconstruction Finance Corporation does not have the right to buy gold at above the statutory price. No one, in fact, questions this absence of authority. The whole case, accord- ingly, rests. upon whether the R.F.C. has the right to sell its debentures to only a limited group and for a re- stricted kind of payment. In this sense the problem is exactly the same as it would be if we were discussing whether the R.F.C. would be within its right to offer a ten-dollar debenture for a bushel of wheat. Reed maintains that it does have this right. His argument rests upon two points. The first is that if the Recon- struction Finance Corporation offers to sell a debenture of, say, $100 for gold which at the statutory price is worth only $65, the whole transaction can be interpreted as simply the discounting of its obligations. He brushes aside, in other words, all thought that the rate of discount which it pays must be anything like the market rate. Rather, according to him, it can be anything that the Reconstruction Fi- nance Corporation determines—35, 65 or 99.99 per cent. His second point is that such an exchange—taking gold at above the statutory price—means that the Re- construction Finance Corporation is selling its debentures for gold as a commodity and not gold as money. He upholds this as legal with the state- ment that “the word ‘sale’ does not necessarily import an exchange for money only.” Dean Acheson, on the other hand, holds that the right given the R.F.C. to discount its notes was for the purpose of enabling it to get “funds for use in connection with its authorized lending functions.” Secondly, it is his conten- tion that the act did not anticipate the R.F.C.’s exchanging its obligations di- rectly for commodities, which the or- ganization quite positively is doing when it takes gold at above the statu- tory price. Finally, he maintains that the spread between the par value of the debentures given by the R.F.C. and the statutory value of the gold received cannot by any stretch of the imagina- tion be considered a discount. Beyond any reasonable doubt, it seems to me, Acheson’s interpretation is the correct one. If we accept the conclusion of Reed we must grant that the R.F.C. has authority to enter any commodity market in the world and exchange its debentures for the com- modity in question at any price it likes. MICHIGAN In so far as his line of reasoning goes, it would be just as legal for the R.F.C. to start exchanging thousand-dollar de- bentures for worn-out shoes of the “brain trust” as it is to exchange de- bentures for gold at a price of $33.85 an ounce. Ralph West Robey. [Copyright, 1933] —_»--+___ Eliminate Surtax and Bring Pros- perity “Soak the rich” income taxes are prosperity retarders. Only through elimination of the surtaxes can a quick return be made to the “full dinner- pail” era. So Rogers W. Babson, head of the Babson Institute, told members of the Advertising Club of Boston recently at a luncheon in the Hotel Statler. “By merely revising the tax policy of this Government for the next five years, you would see the greatest building program in the history of this country. You would see every factory working full time, resulting in an ac- tual shortage of labor, while various new developments in transportation, power projects and other enterprises would start up in all sections of the country. “You ask how will the Government raise the money to pay its bills. I am willing to stake my reputation that the Government would get more from nor- mal taxes and corporation taxes through increased production and em- ployment without surtaxes, than it now gets from all combined.” Explaining his theory, Mr. Babson pointed out that during 1924 to 1929 in Boston, for example, 2 per cent. of the families supplied most capital for building and other new projects. These families spent little on themselves. Rather they invested practically all their income in new enterprises. Under the present income tax law these persons, who have hitherto sup- plied the funds for the development of Boston, which gave employment to Boston’s present unemployed are forced to pay surtaxes of from 50 to 60 per cent. The result is that these families now see no sense in taking any more risks ond hence buy only non-taxables. “The present income tax law is so set up that if a family risks its money in constructing a building or erecting a factory, or financing other enterpris- es, and loses, only 12% per cent. of that loss can be recovered: while if successful, the Government takes 50 to 60 per cent. of the profits through sur- taxes. Mr. Babson declared that President Roosevelt has two basic aims: reduc- tion of unemployment to the normal of about 2,500,000, thus bringing back prosperity; and legislation for a more equal distribution of the nation’s in- come. The statistician said they are inconsistent with each other. “The President and everyone else who is attempting to do these two things simultaneously are in the posi- tion of a man trying to ride at the same time two horses going in opposite directions. “The total income of the United States for 1933 is estimated to be $50,- 000,000,000. This could be divided among the 25,000,000 families, giving each about $2000 per year, or the en- tire wealth of the country could be re- TRADESMAN distributed by adding another amend- ment to the Constitution. The diffi- culty, however, is that any such action would close down factories, bring an end to new building, and make the unemployment situation _ infinitely worse than it is at the present time. —_~++>____ Some Improvement in Business Ex- pected This Month Business reports show some evi- dence of improvement, particularly those for retail trade. Steel produc- tion is around 27 per cent. of capacity and steel scrap quotations were slightly higher for the first time in many weeks. Car loadings, power production and other business indices were not accu- rate due to the Thanksgiving holiday which distorted the figures. The attention created by the recent resignation of Mr. Sprague, which pre- viously caused a great deal of discus- sion, has now relaxed and the Presi- dent gives every indication that the gold buying plan will be continued so that the money battle really continues. This is probably laying the ground work for the December 15th Govern- ment financing which now appears will offer no real difficulty and will prob- ably be accomplished through short term notes. A recent statement of Ickes, that additional funds are neces- sary to complete the public works pro- gram, gives further evidence that the Administration’s present program will continue. In many quarters it is stated the gold dollar will be pegged at around 37; this would make the dollar in terms of foreign exchange around 56 cents. Accordingly, uncertainty as to the future policy will continue. All of these things helped to cause confusion as to Government credit, as it was feared that eventually they would be forced to use paper money to finance its many projects. Many writ- ers, however, now believe that the Government can do its financing through short term issues. It is expected that business will show some improvement during this month, with particular activity the first few months of 1934. J. H. Petter. —-—-. Proceedings of the Grand Rapids Bankruptcy Court In this matter Herman Maurer, bank- rupt No. 5205, final meeting of creditors was held under date of November 6, 1933. Fred G. Timmer, trustee, was present. Trustee’s final report and account was approved and allowed. Bill of Archie D. MeDonald, attorney for bankrupt, Was considered, approved and allowed at the sum of $50.00. Balance bills, notes and accounts receivable was sold to Roman F. Glocheski for the sum of $2.00. Order was made for the payment of expenses of administration, prfeerred claim, and a first and final dividend of .41%. No ob- jection to discharge. Final meeting ad- journed without date. Files will be re- turned to U. S. District Court. November 29, 1933. On this day the schedules, reference and adjudication, jn the matter of Benjamin H. Krause, bank- rupt No. 5509, were received, The bank- rupt is a jobber of East Grand Rapids, Michigan. The schedules show total assets of $757.00, (of which $350.00 are claimed exempt), and total liabilities of $22,074.78, listing the following creditors: Grand Rapids Savings Bank, G. R. $500.00 Union Bank of Michigan, G. R.__ 1,585.00 Secretary fama C. Krause GR. 100.00 Old Kent Bank GR... 700.00 G. ®. Savings Bank 0 2 1,283.73 Rudolph P. Kutchie, G. R.______ 8,000.00 Highlands Country Club, G. R.__ 94.64 Spring Lake Country Club______ 37.50 Masonic Country Club, G, R.____ 67.50 Gezon Motor Sales, G R.________ 49.00 G. R. Savings Bank 8,800.00 J. K. Mosser Leather Corp., Chien oo a 757.42 Fiftieth Anniversary November 29, 1983. On this day the schedules, reference and adjudication, in the matter of William King, bankrupt No. 5508, were received, The bankrupt is an insurance agent of East Grand Rap- ids, Michigan. The schedules show total assets of $22,855.00, and total liabilities of $5,945.00, listing the following creditors: G. R. National Bank oo $4,100.00 Misie Green, G@ Bo 1,000.00 Associates Investment Co., G. R. 365.00 bermard Vors GG Roo. 250.00 G. BR. National Bank 230.00 In the matter of Harry L. Fox, doing business as Fox Brothers, bankrupt No, 5493, first meeting of creditors was held November 27, 1933. The bankrupt was present in person and represented by Charles H. Kavanagh, Attorney, No cred- itors were present or represented, The bankrupt Was sworn and examined be- fore a reporter. M. N. Kennedy, of Kal- amazoo, Michigan, was appointed trustee and his bond fixed at the som of $5,000.00. Claims were proved and allowed or re- ferred to the trustee. The meeting then adjourned without date. In the matter of Donker Coal Company, a Michigan corporation, bankrupt No. D487, first meeting of creditors was held November 27, 1933. The bankrupt was present by Martin B. Donker, Secretary, and represented by Warner, Norcross & Judd, Attorneys. Creditors were repre- sented by Benn M. Corwin and Hilding & Baker, Attorneys, Claims were filed only. Martin B. Donker was sworn and examined without a reporter. Fred G. Timmer, of Grand Rapids, Michigan, was appointed trustee, with bond of $100.00. The meeting then adjourned without date. In the matter of Onandaga Construc- tion Company, Inc., a corporation, bank- rupt No. 5478, first meeting of creditors was held November 28, 1933. The bank- rupt was present by Mary I, Connell, bookkeeper and office manager, and was represented by Seth R. Bidwell, Attor- ney. Creditors were represented by But- terfield, Keeney & Amberg and Benja- min T. Smith, Attorneys. Mary I. Con- nell was Sworn and examined before a reporter on behalf of the bankrupt. Ciaims were filed only. Fred G. Timmer, of Grand Rapids, Michigan, was appointed trustee and his bond fixed at the sum of $100.00. The meeting then adjourned without date. In the matter of Benjamin H. Krause, bankrupt No. 5509. The first meeting of creditors has been callead for December 18) 1962 at it A. Mt. In the matter of William King, bank- rupt No. 5508. The first meeting of ecred- itors has been called for December 18, 1933, at 10 A. M. In the matter of Harry Dell Randall, bankrupt No, 5451. The first meeting of creditors has been called for December 18, 1933, at 10 A. ML ——_>+2- > Novelty Furniture Sells Well The seasonal decline in wholesale buying in most branches of the furni- ture industry is being offset to a large extent by an active call for novelty merchandise for holiday sale. Buyers are seeking goods to retail at $5 to $25, with some ordering merchandise in higher ranges. Producers report a substantial call for novelty liquor cab- inets, small bars and related merchan- dise. Many factories have been able to clear their entire stocks of novelty bars made up last Spring in the hope that legalization of 3.2 beer would cre- ate a demand for such goods, ¥ West Michigan's oldest and largest bank solicits your account on the basis of sound poli- cies and many helpful services . . OLD KENT BANK 2 Downtown Offices 12 Community Offiices Sen SAN AEE ARS ARE nat ta te neat at — as lll >- ops aS eee ee — Aol > + | Fiftieth Anniversary OUR EDITOR Side Glances on His Work and Per- sonality If a close observer of human life were to make a study of E. A. Stowe’s personality with a view to writing an accurate and sympathetic characteriza- tion and biography this observer soon would be asking himself the question: “How am I going to bring out the many-sidedness which forms so promi- nent a trait in my subject’s make-up? This deserves more than passing men- tion, for it has been a powerful factor in the shaping of his unique and in- fluential career.” The practical way to handle this matter might be to devote a chapter to each of Mr. Stowe’s domniant traits, to the trait itself and the activities in which it has been manifested. One interesting chapter—and not a short one either— would be headed “Stowe the Fighter.” Always it has been his conviction that a wrong never rights itself. If ignored and let alone it grows stronger and stronger. It must be tackled and downed if it ever is to be gotten rid of. Since starting the Tradesman he seldom has had just one fight going— more often it has been two or three or more. By spoken and written words and by court proceedings Mr. Stowe has contended for what he considered fair and just, against fraud and greed in their many and often cleverly dis- guised forms. He has chosen as his special field of combat, such matters as affect ad- versely the interests of independent retailers. The warfare he set up has held the respect of the most power- ful adversaries. Certainly there should be a chapter on “Stowe the Diligent Worker.” It often is observed that great fighters usually are not industrious in routine effort. They summon their forces for a contest but loaf between battles. Mr. Stowe has proved himself a marked exception to this rule. Few persons put in anything like so long a working life as he has done. And of those who can claim an equal period of useful activity, only a small part have la- bored year in and year out with the unflagging energy and zeal that he has shown. There should be a chapter on “Stowe the Citizen,” giving the reader some idea of Mr. Stowe’s efforts for honest government, good streets and high- ways, and whatever would build up the city in which he has lived, the country surrounding it, and the whole fair state of Michigan and the Nation as well. Allied to, but still distinct from, his endeavors as a public spirited citizen, has been his Get-Together Work, his years of patient teaching and showing business men that those of each village, town and city must pull together for the common good; stressing over and over again that their private concerns are inseparably bound up with the wel- fare of the community. One chapter should be entitled “Stowe the Business Getter and Busi- ness Manager.” He never has made any bones of it that when he started the Tradesman he got right out and hustled hard to put his paper on its MICHIGAN feet. It has not been as a theorist, unacquainted with actual business, that he has given council to merchants through the columns of his publica- tion. During all these years he has kept his hand on the helm, and _ per- sonally directed the many and large affairs of the Tradesman Company. The book would be sadly incomplete were there not chapters showing the gentler side of this aggressive, strong- willed man’s nature. “Stowe the Friend” would tell of his many warm and close friendships. “Stowe the Phil- anthropist” would give some account of his generosities and benefactions. It should be brought out that in help- ing his fellow men he has not stopped with rendering financial aid to individ- uals and causes that he considered worthy of support. Busy as he has been, he has found time to give advice and sympathy to honest souls strug- gling against heavy odds, assistance involving more sacrifice on his part and more effectual as to results than the bestowal of money alone. Other traits deserve at least a brief chapter apiece. But, of course, the book should deal mainly with Mr. Stowe’s relation to the publication which has been his great life work; “Stowe the Editor” should be the out- standing chapter of all. The pro- nounced development of his differing characteristics might give a reader who never has known him the impression that his nature is a composite of sev- eral different men bound into one. But his friends and acquaintances do not think of him so. To them he is one man, like no other man they ever knew-—Stowe of the Tradesman. The journal that has furnished an outlet for his great energies has also gvien a field in which his varied and strenuous activities have been blended together. It has been and still is a fitting exponent of a personality, that while many-sided and possessing some seemingly contrary traits, is still well knit together. From its beginning the Tradesman has stood for certain things. It still stands for them. Through fifty years which have witnessed almost revolu- tionary changes in many of the im- portant aspects of life, the Tradesman has held to its course with remarkable uniformity and steadiness. Of Mr. Stowe’s success in his long labors, his paper is the best evidence Here we can enter into detail on only one phase of his many duties. To do good work an editor must per- form two functions which are antago- nistic. Unswervingly he must consider, first of all, the value of the paper to its readers—what they want, what they need which he can supply by his publi- cation. But he must deal with his con- tributors in a way to obtain the best they can furnish—their fresh, spon- taneous thought, their inmost convic- tions, the soundest counsel they can give as the result of keen observation and actual experience. Every editor will tell you that in re- gard to their work writers are not like other folks. Many, perhaps most, be- gan to write, not for the pay, but to satisfy an inward urge. They continue for the same reason. They write be- cause they must. And their feeling for TRADESMAN the product of their efforts has a pe- culiar and very personal intensity. If a writer submits some poor little piece that hasn’t even the virtue of readableness and is entirely inappro- priate for the given publication, he is likely to feel terribly hurt if the editor, in sheer justice to his readers, rejects it. For the writer regards the work of his pen, not as a commodity that must stand on its merits and take its chances in the open market, but rather as an overfond and tender mother regards a sickly baby. Standing between contributors and readers presents many difficult prob- lems—problems which are all the more exasperating because they never can be solved and settled once for all, but must come up again for solution with every issue of the paper It speaks vol- umes for Mr. Stowe’s tact and forbear- ance that he has retained his readers and also kept on very friendly terms with his contributors. Any sort of a “life” except an auto- biography must stop with describing a personality and telling of its activities as they appear to an outsider. The most sympathetic writer can not un- cover the inner springs of action, nor tell in any completeness what has gone on in the mind of his subject. If he would not care to go to the work of getting up a full personal his- tory of himself, it would seem that Mr. Stowe might write a very interesting article telling just how his great ad- venture of starting the Tradesman and conducting it for more than half a cen- tury has seemed to him. If no better title could be found, I would suggest that “Fifty Years of It” might answer. Let him tell of the great labor he has put upon it, the perplexities and sor- rows it has brought him, the fun he has gotten out of it, the development he has achieved from it—this journal that is and always has been “unlike any other paper,” and “frank, free, and fearless for the good it can do.” Ella M. Rogers. —_+7>___ Hydrochloric Acid Rids Lead Connec- tions of Barnacles A method by which barnacles may be killed and removed from lead pipes supplying sea water to aquaria and lab- oratories is announced by Dr. T. Way- land Vaughan, director of the Univer- sity of California Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Dilute hydrochloric acid is used to treat the pipes. A diffi- 11 culty with which nearly all who have under their charge the supply of salt water for both aquarium and labora- tory purposes have had to contend, is the growth of organisms attached to the insides of the supply pipes. The Scripps Institution has not escaped this difficulty. An organism which attaches: itself to the inside of the lead pipe which supplies both the aquarium and the laboratories at the institution is a small barnacle, techni- cally known as Balanus glandula. Dr. D. L. Fox, the physiologist at the insti- tution, undertook to study both the means of killing these organisms and of removing them after death from the inside of the supply pipe. He has ascertained that if the bar- nacles are immersed in fresh water for a period of 20-30 hours, that they are killed, and that if they are treated with a very dilute solution of hydrochloric acid, about 1 per cent of acid to water or about 3 per cent of the aqueous acid sold commercially, the organisms are killed and the shells are completely softened, in many cases detached, with- in six hours. This acid treatment does not affect the lead pipes, for lead is not soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid. As a result of the investigation by Dr. Fox, it is now possible to kill the or- ganic growth within the lead supply pipe for salt water, and then remove the shells which such organisms have secreted. Storage tanks may be filled with salt water, and the water so stored utilized for both the aquarium and the labora- tory. Under such conditions the supply pipe may be filled with acidulated water, and after that washed out with fresh water, before using it for a supply of salt water. The results obtained by Dr. Fox will be of interest not only to the staff of the Scripps Institution but to others who have encountered a sim- ilar difficulty, it is believed. —_22>—___ A wise man is he who puts into the hands of boys and girls many and good books of biography. For, in this way, our future leaders will grow to appre- ciate the world’s yesterdays, live sober- ly and wholesomely to-day, and acquire for themselves fortitude and under- standing and high devotion for to- morrow’s exacting tasks. —_—_+->—____ We are starting out on a road so new that we have got to make up our maps as we go along. WE WERE 2 YEARS OLD WHEN THE TRADESMAN WAS BORN Together we have seen Grand Rapids grow up. While Mr. Stowe for over 50 years has been wielding a vigor- ous and fearless editorial pen, we have been making life more pleasant for the ladies of our fair city. In 50 years one can use a lot of printer’s ink, and also a lot of laun- dry soap. Congratulations and best wishes, E. A. OTTE BROTHERS AMERICAN LAUNDRY GRAND RAPIDS PAPER Box Co. Manufacturers of SET UP and FOLDING PAPER BOXES SPECIAL DIE CUTTING AND MOUNTING RAP I G R AN D DS, MI C HIGAN ammo a emer em tagenen se taghete caren: 12 RETAIL GROCER Retail Grocers and Meat Dealers Associa- tion of Michigan. President—Paul Schmidt, Lansing. First Vice-President — Theodore J. Bathke, Petoskey. Second Vice-President—Rudolf Eckert, Flint. Secretary — Elton W. Viets, Lansing. Treasurer—O. H. Bailey, Sr., Lansing. Directors—Holger Jorgenson, Muske- gon; L. V. Eberhard, Grand Rapids; A. A. Boyce, Bay City: Vincent A. Miklas, Man- istee; Ward Newman, Pontiac. Backhand Boycott Proves To Be Boomerang Midwest farmers, on “strike,” are re- ported as avoiding Blue Eagle stores. Is that an aftermath of the “cracking down” system of Gen. Johnson? I think it is. Months ago, listening to George Creel, hoping to “put the fear of God” into some folks, I felt the atti- tude was mistaken. Human nature can be led. It can seldom be driven. John- son, Creel & Co. are handicapped by wartime Liberty Loan-Selective Draft experiences; and what does either know about business? Farmers are said to be resentful that NRA has raised faremrs’ costs faster than AAA’s efforts to enhance farm receipts have reached the producers’ pockets; anyway, farmers can natur- ally see but one side of this question. 3ut when public money—contribut- ed by all of us—is allotted for farm “relief,” do farmers play fair? One might think that in such circumstances they would be ashamed not to act on the level, but are they? Well, in the pig-slaughtering campaign, designed to cut surplus herds, they turned in their runt pigs and barren sows. They kept the good ones, thus cheating every in- tended benefit out of possible effective- ness. All such schemes are poppy cock, of course, doomed to ultimate failure re- gardless. For what is paid for hogs must be recovered in the price of pork —or in taxes. And prices are not paid unless people buy, which they do not do freely on enhanced values. The logical, obvious short cut on farm surpluses is to sell them for what they will bring, each seller to absorb his own loss directly. There would then be one direct, definite, final loss, immediately known, conclusive. That would not entail a tremendous, indeter- minate load of interest, administration and charges over long future years— nor thousands of bureaucrats to dally with—no ultimate expenditure of four dollars for one or worse. Where such process bore crushingly on some farm- ers they could be given direct, locally administered relief by neighbors inti- mately in touch with the circumstances —a process widely demonstrated as effective, speedier, vastly less costly than any that emanates from a far dis- tant center. Merchants know that first loss is least loss; also that they have to “take it on the chin” with nobody to help them. Right now farmers, plus AAA, are wishing such losses on merchants through blocking arrangements where- by merchants might secure a minimum measure of margin; and this though it is easily demonstrable that such ar- rangement would result in ultimate narrowing of the average margin to the permanent benefit of all consumers— farmers, of course, included. = MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Truly, it’s a great game—this beat- ing the devil around a bush! Public funds are going out to farm- ers now at the rate of $2,000,000 daily. That’s “little money,” of course, as we have figured of late years. But now 2,800 investigators are in the field and 2,000 more are “in training” to go out and speed the lending. That’s a little matter of 4,800 new “jobs,” plus the money. Well, of course, we want to “spread work.” And the end is not yet. It is not even in sight, because as these loans begin to mature, won’t we have plenty of legislators who will plead for the cancellation thereof? What difference between such cancellation and a rat- hole? It is the same old take which we in America have to learn anew each gen- eration, though older countries are con- tent with a lesson every two or three centuries: On the basis of such schemes we are sure of just one thing—that we shall pay the money, every last cent of principal and interest down to our children and their children’s children; but no man can even hope that it will ever come back to us. We know—or should know some- thing else; that thus civilizations have been wrecked from the beginnings of recorded history. It took 400 years for Rome to disintegrate—a comforting thought, maybe, to some who consider 400 years as quite some time—and we may find a way out. But against that easy thought there is another: that things move faster now than in the past. And how does this affect the grocery business? It hits each of us as a citizen, from every segment of the compass; but there is ample unrest among gro- cers right now, resulting from just such factors as cause the farmers’ antipathy to the Blue Eagle. Unrest springs from keen disappoint- ment of two kinds. The great majority of grocers hailed NIRA as a millenial portent. Trade abuses were to go per- manently into the discard. Every man was to be on a par with every other. * Loss leaders were out. All would pay the same prices. Current replacement values were always to prevail—on to the ultimate of wellbeing. Here are again the apples of Sodom: disappointment because, first, help from without is seldom of much ac- count and, second, because our hopes were too high. But added to this is basis for perfectly reasonably disap- pointment in the backing and filling on the food trade code by the various sec- tions of Washington Administration. The code has not been altered in any essential from what was proposed by the grocery trade early in July. It car- ried complete unanimity of all seg- ments of the business, including local and national chains—all speedily ar- rived at a working basis and one plan was presented by a united trade as such. Nothing so hopeful, nothing so promising for the future welfare of the business as a whole had ever hap- pened. In that tentative code all Govern- mental requests were immediately — eagerly — conceded: wages, hours, added employes. What actually amounted to an arbitrary redistribution of private property was submitted to (Continued on page 22) Fiftteth Anniversary oS a eep your biscuit depa = aon Brush off on dirt from packages and shelves. our department fully _ aad arrange merchan- dise neatly. a 3 Make sure merchandise 1s priced plainly. Place older stock in front, pba stock back of it. i i - display Polish nickel-glass hin Finger marks oor smudges on Q covers are Ui inviting. 6 Remove nestings and layer boards. a just O Profit Lifters. Re- ofa we At Profit Lifter makes lower layers into fast-selling “top layers. “That's fine, Uneeda; much obliged. I always have a good big day when you fix up my bis- cuit department.” “Glad to do it, Mr. Grocer. It only takes a few minutes. BUT—if you'll give your bis- cuit department these same little attentions each morning, every day will be a big sales day.”’ “That sounds reasonable. I'll try it for ten days and see.” National Biscuit Company 449 West 14th Street New York City Merry Christmas and Kappy Dew Year Goncnnn SS ONE payee Wet wetreRt Standard Brands wishes you all the joys of the Christmas season, and happiness and prosperity for the New Year. Now is the time to lay your plans for the coming year. And in them be sure to include a resolution to push Dated Coffee strongly during 1934. Getting behind this fast growing brand will mean more sales and better profits all through the New Year. Begin now. CHASE & SANBORN’S wf DATED COFFEE WE 00 OUR Pant A Product of STANDARD BRANDS INCORPORATED 2 erate Fiftieth Anniversary MEAT DEALER The Last Word In Meat Cuts Chicago, Dec. 4—The throng repre- senting a cross-section of America, who attend the International Live Stock Exposition here this week, will be privileged to witness a style show. This isn’t a style show in the ordi- nary sense of the word, it is said. It is something new and very different. In- stead of a display of the latest modes in the season’s wearing apparel, as one might expect of a style show, here will be presented in attractive form the last word in meat cuts—1933 styles in meat cuts, if you please. This exhibit is being arranged by the National Live Stock and Meat Board in co-operation with the International management. The U. S. Department of Agriculture and the Institute of American Meat Packers also are assist- ing. It is said that this exhibit, the pur- pose of which is to present in visual form the latest revelations in the field of meat and meat cookery, will be the most comprehensive one ever installed at the live-stock classic. It will serve to illustrate the remarkable progress which has been made in designing new cuts of beef, pork and lamb, as well as the newer knowledge of meat in its relation to health and efficiency. Housewives in particular will be greatly interested in the exhibit, be- cause of the many suggestions pre- sented by the new cuts for adding va- riety to the meat dish. The cuts on display will show how it is possible to get away from the every-day monot- ony in menus and will also suggest sur- prise meat dishes for special occasions. A complete list of the new cuts has not yet been made public but it is certain that there will be on exhibit such un- usual cuts as butterfly pork chops, top and bottom chuck rolls of beef, mock duck of lamb and many others. In order to make the exhibit as prac- tical as possible, the recipes for cooking each of the cuts will be on display. In this way the information presented can be put to daily use in every kitchen in the planning of meals that are different. It is announced that a feature of the exhibit this year will be the new Food Value charts published by the National Live Stock and Meat Board. These charts, which have been referred to by leading authorities as an outstanding contribution to meat literature, show the commanding position of meat among the common foods as a source of the various essential food elements. The charts are already in use in more than 10,000 high schools, colleges and universities and are also extensively used by doctors, dentists, dietitians and other professional groups. A representative of the Board will be at the exhibit during the week to ex- plain its various details and will have available, timely meat recipe books, and other information presenting the latest facts on meat and its prepara- tion, —_2+s__ Sausage as Microcosm “Another school of historians,” con- tinues Professor Mixit, “maintains that boloney dollar is synonymous with commodity dollar. A commodity dol- seas ear SNe MICHIGAN lar is a dollar so managed that it al- ways commands the same amount of commodities ou of a selected list of several hundred. But there is no prod- uct of human ingenuity which contains so many commodiies brought together in such a small space as a sausage, or bologna sausage, or briefly, boloney; unless it be breakfast hash, “The average sausage, like the super- champion, ‘has everyhing.’ It omits nothing, whether in the animal, vege- able or mineral kingdom. Indeed, spectrum analysis applied to the rarer forms of boloney, like liverwurst or salami, has revealed the presence of commodities hitherto believed to exist only in the remoter star galaxies. That is why the supporters of the commod- ity dollar in a moment of happy in- spiration hit upon the boloney dollar as their slogan.” —_+~->—____ Hot Dogs and Prosperity “Finally,” says Professor Mixit, “there are scholars who hold that the boloney dollar has reference to a par- ticular type of sausage of which the Americans were inordinately fond. This was the frankfurter, familiarly known as the hot dog. At the height of American prosperity., just before October, 1929, the hot dog was cooked and consumed in vast and unprece- dented quantities along the motor highways of the country—the so-called system of mass production. From this, people argued in 1933 that prosperity could be brought back by the free and unlimited coinage of hence boloney dollars.” Historians have been known to do worse than this. —_»--+__ Not In Harmony With the Theme Walkerville, Dec. 4—Pardon this in- trusion, yet after reading the front of your issue of Nov. 29 it came to me that said verses surely did not have you in mind as to “What Can an Old Man,” etc., although likely there is a differ- ence in opinion as to age and its use- fulness. So the following came off the reel this morning: frankfurters; There js something wrong, With the verse or song— “What can an old man do but die?” For in mortal strife, There is more to life Than to continue and live a lie. Pals may forsake you, Neighbors may jest you, And others will pass you by; They'll ever persist, As to: what exist, But that’s no reason to wish to die. A fallacy sure, Just simple and pure— To live without even a try; With words that downcast, When nearing the last, For the ‘‘old’’ who are slipping by. To-morrow—to-day, When you hear one say, “What can an old man do but die?” It’s not surprising, Am just surmizing Such a broken life, not a lie. E. L. Bunting. —_+<-.___ Gain Shown in Appliance Sales Manufacturers of electrical household appliances closed the present month with a business volume averaging 10 per cent. ahead of November last year, according to estimates by producers. Although purchases by retailers trailed considerably behind the rate maintained throughout last month, the drop in vol- ume was no greater than seasonal. A sharp pick-up in buying is looked for mext week when stores place final or- TRADESMAN ders for the holidays. Reports yester- day indicated that the 1934 lines, to be opened in January, will be priced at Fall levels. The few increases panned will be on low price coffee percolators and toasters. —_2--___ Some men are known by the'r deeds, others by their morgazes. Oysters and Fish Fresh Shipments Daily. _ Ask your Dealer for Reader Fish. They are better. ake and Ocean Fish. Wholesale. G. B. READER, Grand Rapids. £3) 0D 0-0) 0D (GED (GED () D-DD ()-ED- 0 0 a () aD OO KEEP SUPPLIED WITH Portland — Grand Rapids — Ww. R. Roach & Co., Grand Rap- ids, maintain seven modern Michigan facto- ries for the can- ning of products grown by Michi- gan farmers. SD () SD) SD () <> ( ) <> -( ) 0 aD 0 ED 0 a ( “The flour the best cooks use” Kalamazoo -— Traverse City Rademaker-Dooge Grocer Co. Distributors of PETER PAN COUNTRY GENTLEMAN CORN PETER PAN GOLDEN BANTAM CORN MISS MICHIGAN SWEET PEAS FREMONT SWEET PEAS BIG MASTER MALT BLUE RIBBON MALT BOUQUET TEA The House of Quality and Service 14 MICHIGAN Fiftieth Anniversary TRADESMAN HARDWARE Michigan Retail Hardware Association. President—Wm. J. Dillon, Detroit. Vice-President — Henry A. Schantz, Grand Rapids. Secretary—Harold W. Bervig, Lansing. Treasurer—William Moore, Detroit. Field Secretary — L. S. Swinehart, Lansing. Suggestions for the Harware Dealer in December The Christmas trade is of course the big item for the hardware dealer in the early part of December. Most hardware dealers launch their Christ- mas selling immediately after the Thanksgiving holiday; and from that time till Christmas Eve their best ef- forts should be put into the work of selling their Christmas lines. Under normal conditions, less selling effort is required than at other seasons of the year. The public is in the mood to buy; and the dealer’s task is to make it easier for his customers to select their Christmas gifts. To this end, good window displays are desirable. Sometimes a display is so overwhelmed with decorative Christmas accessories that the stock itself is lost sight of. That is a mis- take. Everybody knows this is the Christmas season. Everybody—or at least everybody who has money—is looking for Christmas gifts within the reach of his purse. And the ideal Christmas window is one which, while containing enough decorative accesso- ries to impart a strong suggestion of Christmas, at the same time gives the buyer practical help in making a sug- gestion, This means that the “stocky” type of window is a good type to use. Put on a display that fairly talks to the passerby about the wide variety of gift lines your store has to offer. Make the display of real help to the per- plexed individual who wants to dis- tribute his Christmas funds to the best advantage. A good display will sug- gest a wide range of articles and like- wise a wide range of prices—in short, will convey the message, “This store has anything you can want at prices to fit your purse.” One dealer rigged up a sort of turn- table run by electricity. It occupied what might be called the left center of the window, and included a couple of circular shelves. To the right sat Santa Claus in his familiar red and white uniform. At the turntable went slowly round, Santa would pick first one, then another, gift article from the shelf and hold it up for inspection. The idea was a relatively simple one — merely the slowly moving shelf device and the human Santa silently display- ing the price-tagged gifts. Santa Claus is a regular feature of many stores. It is usual for him to occupy a booth in the toy or gift de- partment where he sits and talks to juvenile visitors and sometimes hands out little souvenirs. It is a good stunt to secure the addresses and birthdates of these youngsters. A mailing list of this sort is always worth while. Anything the dealer can do to help the perplexed customer select the gifts he wants will be a good stunt. Many stores have printed or mimeographed lists of possible gifts, price ranges be- ing quoted. As a rule, the salesmen are too busy at this season to run through an entire list with each cus- tomer; so that the mimeographed list saves time. It also gives the customer a good idea of the wide variety of gift articles to be had in the hardware store. Do not save your most decorative Christmas display till the last minute. As a rule, the decorative displays should come early, when the season is still young and the great objective is to put across the idea of Christmas buying. The nearer the holiday ap- proaches, the more “stocky” and spe- cific should be your displays; for the simple reason that the Christmas buy- er, more and more perplexed as to what to get, is desperately on the look- out for practical suggestions. What should be done after the holi- day? The wise hardware dealer will lay his plans now. On Christmas Day, the year 1934 is only a week distant; and a lot of things have to be done early in 1934. Doubtless there will be some Christ- mas gift lines carried over—lines that will not be seasonable or in much de- mand till next December. It is some- times a good stunt to put on what might be called a “sudden death” sale of some if not all these items. Don’t try to stage an elaborate sale, but put the stuff right in the window or on the counter ticketed at the sort of prices that are pretty sure to move it out. There are always some thrifty peo- ple willing to buy Christmas gifts a year ahead for the sake of the saving in price. Then, Christmas buyers are apt to overlook someone in making their purchases; and there may be consider- able after-the-holiday scurrying around for belated gifts. Perhaps an unex- pected gift arrives from someone at the last minute, and the recipient wants to reciprocate. The youngsters may be dissatisfied with what they got; Billy may be clamorous for that sled he wanted: the parents are quite likely to surrender to the clamor. And, finally, the individual who expected a certain gift and didn’t get it is quite likely to buy the thing himself—all the more likely if he can get it at a drastic dis- count. Anyway, a “sudden death” sale of gift lines at very much reduced prices will fill in the week after Christmas, and perhaps turn quite a bit of carry- over stock into useful money. Plans for the New Year can mean- while be got under way. The big items early in the New Year are, first, the annual inventory, and second, the stocktaking sale. These two items of the program sometimes come in the reverse order. While probably the majority of hard- ware dealers favor stocktaking first and the stocktaking sale afterward, there are a good many who take the view that a preliminary sale may materially reduce the labor of stock-taking. It is for the individual merchant to decide which policy suits him best. Stocktaking should, however, come as early as possible in the New Year: it should be carefully planned; and every precaution taken to make it ac- (Continued on page 22) To a Mutua Man Congratulations! To you, Mr. E. A. Stowe, we extend our congratulations. This fiftieth anniversary of the Michigan Tradesman should be a happy occasion for you. You should have peace of mind and relaxation for the good job you have done. We have always regarded you as a “champion” for mu- You have never hesitated once about spending your time and energy to further the mutual cause. It has been with a feeling of satisfaction and co- operation that we have joined in the support of your weekly magazine. tual insurance. Truly, you have been “‘a mutual man” in more ways than one. Your efforts in the promotion of better business methods for the average merchant have brought results. You have kept business ethics on a high plane. Those who have had occasion to come in contact with you dur- ing the past fifty years owe you a debt of gratitude. You have rendered an unselfish service that will never be for- gotten. Again we say, “To a mutual man congratula- tion!” FEDERAL HARDWARE & IMPLEMENT MUTUALS RETAIL HARDWARE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY Minneapolis, Minnesota HARDWARE DEALERS MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY Stevens Pcint, Wisconsin MINNESOTA IMPLEMENT MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY Owatonna, Minnesota Years Before Lincoln Was President We Were Selling Dinnerware After nearly ninety years experience, with personal knowl- edge of pottery in the United States, we unhesitatingly pro- nounce HOMER LAUGHLIN CHINA CO.’S LINE the very best for a merchant to handle because the customer always comes back for more. We carry a large variety of pat- terns, all of which are in open stock at reasonable prices in keeping with the quality of the ware. If you are interested in dinnerware, get in touch with us and we will have one of our salesmen call on you. 5c, 10c, 25c and 50c GOODS Our lines are particularly adapted to supply the needs of Variety Stores. We show thousands of articles that can be profitably sold at these prices and being the kind that are used in every home every day in the year. Our stock is up-to-date, fresh, clean and snappy. We would enjoy having you come into the store and see for yourself the many varied lines we offer. HOLIDAY GOODS There is still time for you to buy what you need for the Holiday trade. Our stock is still good and there are many items we know you can use in Toys, Stuffed Animals, Books, Games, Dolls, Erector Toys, Blocks, Paint Sets, and every- thing else that goes to make up a real Toy Department. H. LEONARD & SONS COMMERCE at FULTON ST. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. ees as ——— é as ers Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 13 DRY GOODS Michigan Retail Dry Goods Association. President—Thomas Pitkethly, Flint. First Vice-President—D, Mihlethaler. Harbor Beach. Second Vice-President—Henry McCor- mack, Ithaca. , ;. Secretary-Treasurer—Clare R. Sperry, Port Huron. Manager—Jason E. Hammond, Lansing. Italy’s Women Workers Italian women in public jobs are to be held down to a quota of 5 per cent. It is one more step in Mussolini’s double effort to combat unemployment and lead woman back to her true his- toric mission in the home. But there are important exceptions to the new ruling. It does not apply to school teachers and hospital nurses, and in the case of telephone workers the female quota is 20 per cent. Here at home the women telephone operators out- number the men 20 to 1; and taking telegraph and telephone workers to- gether, 4 to 1. Mussolini’s hardest problem will be industry. Contrary to the general im- pression, Italy’s women factory work- ers are a very important element. Half a dozen years ago there were more than a million of them, as against three million men. It is a higher ratio than in England and twice as high as in this country. But it is always true that in the less industrialized countries there are more women in the factories. In China they outnumber the men. To get the women out of the factory and back in the home Mussolini will have to invoke that dreaded monster, technological progress. ——~+ +. Curtain Re-orders Light Exceptionally heavy buying early in the season has left retailers well stocked with lace curtains of all types, and as a result the flow of reorders usual at this time of year has failed to develop in the wholesale market. Re- tailers bought well in advance to escape paying the higher prices put into effect in September and October. Manufac- turers at present are completing the last of the orders on hand and are turning attention to Spring lines. Re- ports yesterday were that Spring prices would be approximately the same as Fall quotations. The 1934 styles will show a decided trend away from the heavy mesh curtains popular for teh last two seasons. To Extend Shrinkage Study Further research as a_ basis for standards for the shrinkage of woven cotton goods was decided upon at a meeting held under the auspices of the American Standards Association. The conference agreed to limit its efforts for the present to piece goods as sold to the public, leaving the questin of shrinkage of finished garments for fu- ture consideration. Federal specifica- tions for textiles will be adopted as a basis for research and administration of unable to agree upon consignment and discount restrictions, have filed two codes with Washington authorities. The Institute of Carpet Manufacturers of America, Inc., submitting a code which bars all but jobbers from volume discount allowances, is drawing fire this week from large retail stores and from group buying organizations. The retailers plan to make vigorous pro- tests against the provision at public hearings next month. —_2+ >____ To Survey Silk Stocks Biweekly Plans for a biweekly survey of stocks of rayon and silk piece goods in the hands of the trade are being worked out and will be put into opera- tion shortly. In one quarter, the inven- tory of gray and finished goods in the hands of converters and manufacturers was placed at 33,000,000 yards, as of the latter part of November, a total described as well under a year ago. Imperfect and badly dyed goods have figured in the lower prices on 150 and 200 denier acetates and rayons, with 80 and 85 cents quoted by leading sellers on first-quality goods. Cotton Textile Feeling Better Although demand for goods has picked up only slightly, an undertone of confidence pervades the primary cot- ton goods markets and sellers are looking forward to a fair-sized amount of business to develop shortly. This feeling is reflected in their firm atti- tude on Spring prices. While they are trying to clean out current styles at any quotations, most of them entailing losses, mills and agents will not grant concessions on Spring numbers. Prices on such merchandise have been refig- ured on as close a margin as possible and sellers do not intend to go below these levels. —_+-+-_ January Sales Buying Slow Buying for January salés is slow in getting started. A factor in the situa- tion is the current heavy retail inven- tories which, unless consumer-buying picks up sharply soon, will constitute a good percentage of the stock to be offered in the post-holiday clearances. Retail representatives here yesterday indicated that, in the buying which may be done for January events, new merchandise rather than close-outs will be emphasized. The probable volume of January purchases, it added, will be indicated during the first two weeks of this month. sales was >>> “Repeal” Dress Styles Selling The demand for “repeal styles” and cruise wear is an outstanding feature of the dress business being done, al- though general activity in the trade has continued quiet. The volume in formal wear indicates a gain over a year ago, with the same held true of the prospects for cruise wear. Produc- tion of volume selling types has been adjusted to meet the current call, but some pickup is expected shortly with the arrival of buyers here to cover their January sales needs. Major prob- lems with reference to Spring price lines remain to be worked out. We are never so ridiculous from the qualities we have, as from those we affect to have. —_+--.___ Look both ways before you cross the street — and before invest muoney, you your 2) 0D 0D 0D 0D 0-0-0 0-0-0) CD D-DD (0-0-0 go DOWN GRADE Yes, boy, I know — you do not think; You only hear the glasses clink And feel the bogus joy of drink. Life looks all Summer through a glass; The whisky road is green with grass — But life and Summer both will pass. It’s easy now to drink or not, To drink a little or a lot; But after all your drinking, what? May it not happen ere the grave The thing you laugh at you will crave? The master will become the slave? God! I have seen them: Boys like you, Who never thought and never knew. Who took the road that dips and gleams, That runs ahead of singing streams (Yet somehow never downward seems). With this same foolish passion played, The same old merry journey made, Who took the joy of easy grade — Till night came on, till sank the sun, Till shadows gathered one by one Around the path, and day was done. “Twas then they turned; but now the hill Was high behind them, and the rill Within the valley dark and still — Around, the level of the plain; Above, a rocky path of pain To climb, if they would rise again. I am no preacher called to preach; I am no teacher fit to teach v S j The frolickers of fighting crew, DOUGLAS MALLOCH ACN i ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ i ~ i ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ “ ~ i ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ a ! ~ ! ~ ' ~ a standards. A committee will be ap- ¢ You younger men of better speech. Until he finds, as find he will, ponited to make further investigation. j Yet Ih Iked th q The peace, the joy, his age to fill Eighteen representatives of various as- ¥% et ‘ave walked the merry roa He left behind him on the hill. sociations and individual companies 4 Where laughing rivers downward flowed, : : ; } And climbed again with all the load. My preaching is not perfect, Jack; vo eee een S : : Yet truth, at least, it does not lack — Code Proposals Split Rug Trade With all the load a Te SCCM CS For | have been there, boy, and back. : Who follows after his desires Hv euments ofer sales practice Bro: = Until he finde his lusts are Hare. Copyright, 1913, by Geo. H. Doran Co. visions of their codes have two branch- } es of the floor covering industry at ¥ odds at the present time. Importers, %)<>04>0-4D>0-4ED04ED0-4D( ) > 0 D0 D0 D0 0D 0D 00D 0-0 0D a 0 a HOTEL DEPARTMENT Keep in Personal Touch With Regular Resorter Los Angeles, Dec. 2—Somebody in speaking of the gag “Do married men make the best husbands?” ascribes it to a comic opera of 1908. Careful re- search on my part, develops that it was included in the line of conversation: be- tween Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn in 1554, as was the barber offering of the man who responded to the query of the knight of the tonsor, as to “how he desired his hair cut?” responded: “In silence.” Both of these were in- cluded in a film offering premier at one of the local houses, the other night, at an admission charge of five bucks. Every resort operator now realizes, if he never did before, that conditions in his field have changed radically, but there seems to be no organized effort to conduct a survey for the purpose of ascertaining exactly where they are at. In one statement I have read by the landlord of a high class Michigan sum- mer resort, his observation is that the resort situation has changed materially in recent years, there having been a decided falling off in what is classed as actual tourist business, while the permanent summer boarder is missing altogether. He thinks that the resort keepers should get together and ana- lyze the situation carefully, to discover. if it is really worth the effort. I do not know that changed conditions in hotel operation are so far different from what they are in all other profes- sions or industries. Some hotels, I dis- covered, during my visit to Michigan last season, had accepted the inevitable and were catering to a clientele who were resorting for the purpose of se- curing real rest. Their charges were minimized, housings, though not elab- orate, were wholesome, and their food offerings were such as would appeal to “home-folks” as appetizing without elaboration. Off-hand I honestly be- lieve that most resort operators would be better off if they would once more take the permanent guest under their wing, supply them with economical vacations, and let the tourist choose between his offerings and the “big” propositions. In any event, it is diffi- cult to believe that city people are go- ing to quit spending their vacations in the country, and whether the motorist makes long or short stops, he will cer- tainly, under normal conditions, be abroad in the land during the summer season, and some hotel, somewhere. will be called upon to take care of him. I have held all along that the so-called “tourist camp,” causing much worri- ment among the legitimate operators is a sort of “craze,” as it were, and even- tually would become the stopping place for birds of passage who cared little what happened to them so long as they could “imitate” those who, through freak of fortune, were enabled to indulge in greater luxury or, for the first time were participating in a ro- mantic program. In the long run the vacationist who can afford it is pretty sure to gravitate to the hotel which can provide him with the comforts which he can command at home. He isn’t going to make himself miserable during the summer months, under the guise of a vacation. Hence it behooves the operator to have his lamp trimmed for any emergency and to couple up with this program a schedule of charges which will justify the guest in the belief that he is being fairly well treated. An- other thing which should not be lost sight of, and that is judicious promo- tion for the purpose of getting in touch with old-time patrons who have drifted away from your door. This does not mean formal advertising altogether, al- though such judicious publicity is one element which is bound to help out the bank account. I have in mind two won- derful friends of mine, Frank L. Or- MICHIGAN cutt, of Northaway Inn, Beulah, and Dan J. Gerow, of the Elliott House, Sturgiss, who have follow-up systems which they operate during the season when they cannot pass out “apple sauce” personally to their patrons. They procure neat folders descriptive of their holdings and offerings and write their old friends as well as de- sired new prospects. Undoubtedly oth- ers do the same thing, but these indi- viduals are, to my personal knowledge financially benefitted by these activi- ties. Don’t place all your eggs in one receptacle! Don’t depend on the legis- lature to pass some enactment govern- ing tourists homes which will have a come-back to it. Keep your affairs out of the hands of the brass-button fel- lows as much as possible; give your customers a square deal and, by all nieans, keep in personal touch with them. Some systematic operators are now paying good money for the imspection of their hotels by outside individuals who call themselves “hotel doctors.” These make criticisms accompanied by practical suggestions, and, if the oper- ator is wise, he carries them out to the best of his ability. I know a very suc- cessful Michigan resort hotel operator who yearly installs a society “bud” in his establishment for the purpose of finding out just what his guests think of his service—something he would have small chance of discovering him- self owing to the reticence of his pat- rons. When his inspector reports ad- verse criticism to him, he at once, with- out embarrassing anyone, proceeds to make corrections and he receives many compliments for alleged thoughtful- ness, Another one I heard at the breakfast club the other morning. Pat. McGlynn, a consistent or constant sinner, was up before the priest for confessional. The priest, a neophite, was tolled off by his brothers to handle the emergency. Pat. pleaded bootlegging, a crime of which the young priest was uninformed, and the case was referred to a higher-up as to what penance he should “give him.” “Give him five dollars for a quart, and if it is extra good, get one for me,” was the response. Recently I had the satisfaction of peeping through the recently installed 200 inch telescope—said to be the larg- est in the world—at the Mount Wilson observatory. When this observatory was officially placed on Mount Wilson, in 1904, it was considered one of the best locations to be utilized anywhere, on account of its isolation, and nobody ever dreamed that it would ever get over its wild and wooly status. Now they are regretting that they could not have installed the new telescope some- where else. The trouble is that the en- tire surrounding country has been built up in excess of the anticipations of any of the optimists of that day and age. There are a hundred cities which now reflect their electrical achieve- ments on the sky, and this situation gives the learned professors the “wil- lies,” so to speak. They tell me in 1904 an occasional coal-oil glim and a few fire-flies constituted the only illumina- tions with which they had to combat. Now the same territory looks like a section of the Milky Way. If they have to go out to the Sierra Nevada Moun- tains to avoid the Great White Way, it is going to prove a bitter pill to Los Angeles boomers, especially the real estate men who are more directly re- sponsible for the changed conditions. But the star-gazers have to be consid- ered and such a thing as a “pocket” 200-inch lens is not to be thought of. Out here in California the weather is always a topic of conversation. When has it ever failed to be a prolific source of conversation anywhere? Especially do we all like to dilate on the changes in climatic conditions “since we were TRADESMAN boys.” Now comes a Smithsonian In- stitute professor, in Washington, with the information that weather every- Hotel and Restaurant Equipment H. Leonard & Sons 38-44 Fulton St., W. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Store, Offices & Restaurant Equipment G.R.STORE FIXTURE CO. 7 tlonia Ave., N. W. Phone 86027 Warm Friend Tavern Holland, Mich. Is truly a friend to all travelers. All room and meal rates very reasonable. Free private parking space. JAMES HOEKSEMA, Manager THE ROWE GRAND RAPIDS The Most Popular Hotel in Western Michigan 300 Rooms Showers Servidor Direction of American Hotels Corp. J. Leslie Kincaid, President Fiftieth Anniversary The Pantlind Hotel The center of Social and Business Activi- ties in Grand Rapids. Strictly modern and fire - proof. Dining, Cafeteria and Buffet Lunch Rooms in con- nection. 750 rooms — Rates $2.50 and up with bath. CODY HOTEL GRAND RAPIDS RATES—$1 up without bath. $2.00 up with bath. CAFETERIA IN CONNECTION ALL GOOD ROADS LEAD TO IONIA AND THE REED INN Excellent Dining Room Rooms $1.50 and up MRS. GEO. SNOW, Mgr. Park Place Hotel Traverse City Rates Reasonable—Service Superb —Location Admirable. GEO. ANDERSON, Mgr. ALBERT J. ROKOS, Ass’t Mar. New Hotel Elliott STURGIS, MICH. 50 Baths ‘ 50 Running Water uropean D. J. GEROW, Prop. Occidental Hotel FIRE PROOF CENTRALLY LOCATED Rates $2.00 and up EDWARD R. SWETT, Mgr. Muskegon ote Michigan Columbia Hotel KALAMAZOO Good Place To Tie To MORTON HOTEL Grand Rapids, Michigan Just a fine modern Hotel, where the appreciation of your patronage is reflected in an effort on the part of the Hotel management and em- ployees to make your visit as pleasant as possible. GRAND RAPIDS’ FRIENDLY HOTEL Philip A. Jordan, Manager + aang nyah Rises 5 inisaine sess ie ‘ Pies ayy: nates sdibicincasainassaes Tj, Snap oc cana é ‘ i * z 4 at ‘ Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 17 where on this old earth substantially repeats itself every 23 years. According to this theory, 1956 will have weather practically like that of 1933, subject, of course, to slight variations. Next summer, says the learned professor, should have the same general weather pattern as the world experienced dur- ing the summer of 1911, Now let the old-timers wag their tongues and dis- cuss the whole proposition. There will be plenty to discuss, and a lack of prac- tical agreement. The value in all the hard work that has been done, and is yet to be the lot of investigators, lies in making the weather predictions fairly accurate at long range. That will be “something else again.” The hoteliers and restauranteurs in New York City are hard at work ar- ranging a schedule of prices to be in operation after December 6. If they have their way and get the public to accept their ideas on the subject, two- for-a-quarter snake bite antidote will be 35 cents in single doses. But, will the public accept this new order of things? My impression is that they will drive this traffic, for which they hvae lived long in anticipation, back to the speakeasies. Then the government contemplates another crack at the en- terprises by exacting “cruel and in- human” penalties in the shape of taxes. The great argument used in securing the repeal of prohibition regulations, during the recent campaign, was that hard times were the outcome of the period when the government, states and municipalities suffered from the lack of income amply provided for during pre-prohibition days. If we must have a return of the liquor traf- fic and its attendant evils, why not let the public recover something from it for the purpose of lessening other forms of taxation, and prevent the moonshiners and _ bootleggers from “hogging the whole works?” Reason- able retail prices will accomplish much in this direction, and care should be exercised in the handling of the com- modity. Every once in a while somebody who is not interested financially in the oper- ation of hotels and restaurants, bursts forth in song—or rage—and talks about the Jesse Jameses in that partic- ular industry. Even in their palmiest days, the food dispenser never made even a small percentage of the profits you find in many other lines. You will find the shoe man combining fifty cents worth of raw material with a dollar’s worth of elbow grease and working off the result for fourteen dollars and nothing is heard of it, or the medicine dispenser packing away three cents worth of ingredients in a tin can and offering it for a stingy dollar. And then there is the bootlegger—well we won't go any farther along this line. Of course, it is true, that cow meat, in the cow, is probably worth a couple of cents a pound; with the packer, sixty; the retailer, ninety-and on the platter in the restaurant, two dollars, but it is well to bear in mind that the trans- portation company takes the first grab, and then there is the organized bandit in the kitchen which picks out the suc- culent portions for “home” consump- tion, so that when the guest has ab- sorbed and paid for the dainty morsel finally peddled out to him, there has been no wonderful margin of profit for the individual or concern which under- takes to “feed the brute.” The idea of making a census of the so-called “ghost” hotels, is, to say the least, original. It ought to be worth something to know just what commun- ities are over-hoteled, but the trouble seems to be, that while the operators themselves know all about it, the fool investors gain the impression that just because a few institutions which are favorably located and intelligently oper- ated, are making a reasonable profit, there ought to be big returns from sim- ilar investments almost anywhere. The result has been an epidemic of head- aches. The apartment hotel owners of Los Angeles have a very effective local organization, operated on a _ strictly business basis. Aside from incidental protection to the operator, they have a “peppy” committee which wunder- takes to confer with would-be investors in similar propositions, in order to ex- pose some of the delusions in the in- vestment game, hoping thereby to dis- courage the building of superfluous establishments. Frank S. Verbeck. Michigan Hotels Now Under the Code All Michigan hotels started operat- ing Monday under the new hotel code worked out in conferences between hotel men and Government officials, and approved by President Roosevelt. Hotel service to the public is not af- fected by the code, except that mis- leading advertising, payment of subsi- dies to taxicab drivers, porters or em- ployes of guests to obtain business, and other alleged unfair practices, are for- bidden. The number of work hours and the hourly wage vary with the population of the community and the section of the United States in which the hotel is located. The employer can consider an em- ploye’s tips as part of his wages, but must assure the employe at least the minimum wage established for his clas- sification. According to the code, approximately 20,000 hotels and 350,000 persons are affected. Gen. Hugh S. Johnson, NRA indus- trial administrator, in his message to the President recommending accep- tance of the hotel code, said: “The work hours may not be entire- ly satisfactory from a purely social standpoint, but they represent a sub- stantial reduction from the hours which prevailed in the hotel industry. The code provides for minimum wages for all employes, and will result in a very considerable increase in amounts paid to employes.” Provision is made for a review not later than June 1, 1934, to see how the new system has worked out. The code defines a hotel as an estab- lishment operated for profit which: a. Extends lodging to the gen- eral public; b. Has at least ten guest rooms available for such lodgings in one building; c. Charges not less than 50 cents a day per person in return for transient lodging d. Is equipped to provide lodg- ing in at least 25 per cent of its rooms without prior understand- ing or agreement as to duration of any guest’s stay.” Hotels are permitted to hire or fire employes “on the basis of individual merit and subject to the fluctuating conditions of the business” without re- gard to membership in labor organiza- tions. Employes, however, are given full power for collective bargaining. No person under the age of 16 may be employed. Relative to working hours, the code says: No hotel employe, not a watchman, guard, detective, night auditor, main- tenance employe or executive, shall work more than fifty-four hours a week or six days a week. Maintenance employes shall be paid time and one-third for all hours in ex- cess of fifty-four hours a week. Executives must receive $35 or more a week in cities of over 500,000, rang- ing down to $25 or more a week in cities under 25,000, to be exempted from the fifty-four hour provision. During peak periods, not to exceed three weeks in each six-months period, employes may be worked sixty hours, and eleven hours a day. A working day must not run longer than twelve hours, and not more than one interval off duty shall be permitted. The wage sections of the code pro- vide: Clerical employes in cities over 500,- 000, minimum wage, $15 for fifty-four hour week; cities from 100,000 to 500,- 000, minimum wage, $15 for fifty-four to 25,000, $10 to $11; under 2,500, 20 per cent. more than was paid June 15, 1933, but not more than $10. Service employes must be assured the same minimums, “irrespective of by whom or on what basis service em- ployes are compensated.” If the arrangement between employe and employer provides for lodging and meals, the employer cannot allow more than $2.50 for lodging or 25 cents for each meal, Weekly wages now above the min- imums are not to be reduced from the rates existing June 15, 1933, because of any reduction in working hours. If any hotel considers the imposition of the code works a hardship, it can ask for a hearing and obtain exceptions, if the Government considers the objec- tions warranted. The code is to be administered by a National committee comprising three members of the American Hotel Asso- ciation, two non-members, and two Government appointees. The commit- tee will work with the NRA admin- istrator. —_»~-.__ “Serve Cheese and Serve the Nation” Echoing and re-echoing from coast to coast—over the air, in the public press, in speeches and talks, in letters and circulars, by almost every known means of communication, “Serve Cheese and Serve the Nation” is the slogan of a campaign to enlist the co- operation of every American in an attack on a problem which directly affects the welfare of millions of dairy- farm families and which is of interest and importance to all readers of the Tradesman. It is the slogan of Cheese week, Dec. 11 to 16, a nationwide movement to attack and consume the surplus of some thirty million pounds of cheese which is now on hand in the United States in excess of normal re- quirements, The purpose of the plan is to increase normal consumption of cheese one pound per family in excess of normal consumption during cheese week, as a means of restoring a sound economic basis for the dairy industry. There are twenty-seven dairy states in which millions of farmers are largely depend- ent upon the income from their year around crop—milk. Cheese plays an important part in the marketing of the milk crop. It is, therefore, of vital im- portance that the cheese surplus be marketed quickly, for right now the whole Nation’s efforts toward recovery could be speeded by successful meas- ures to help the dairy farmers. Initiated during October, week rapidly gathered early in November as national, state, and city civil and industrial leaders lent their support, indicating that it is des- tined to be one of the most successful campaigns of its kind ever undertaken. It is anticipated that with the co-opera- tion of the entire industry and that of civic leaders throughout the Nation, the campaign will bring cheese sc strongly to the attention of the public tiat it will result in a permanent in- crease of anywhere from 10 to 30 per cent. in the consumption of cheese as cheese momentum cre people become acquainted with mcre varieties of cheese and apvreci- ate its economy and nutritional values. The National Cheese Institute is in charge of the event, uniting all factors in a concentrated effort. Members of the institute are contributing their assistance both as an association and individually. Through the institute a barrage of publicity is being launched through Newspapers, trade publications and periodicals. The Tradesman is cooper- ating by advising its readers of plans for cheese week, so they can profit irom this publicity by displaying advertising and featuring cheese. The National Cheese Institute has approached all branches of the cheese industry, asking their The institute has co-operation. circularized the wholesale trade, cheese factory pro- ducers, restaurant and hotel associa- tions, railroad commissaries and other leaders in the food industry and the response has been very strongly in sup- port of the movement. Practically every newspaper in the country will be contacted through news service bureaus to bring cheese week to the direct attention of the public. There will be news and publicity from National and state civic leaders, from food trade leaders, from food distrib- utrs (wholesale and retail) and from producers—a barrage which in total will focus the attention of the Ameri- can public on cheese from Dec. 11 to 16 more forcefully than it has ever been done before, Immediately before and during cheese week four nation-wide radio hook-ups will be devoted exclusively to bringing cheese week to the direct attention of the public. Armour & Company is turning over its coast-to- cast radio program of thirty-seven sta- tions, Swift & Co. is doing likewise Over a CoOast-to-coast hook-up of forty stations. Two of the full hour pro- Kraft-Phenix Cheese Corp. will be devoted to the cause over thirty-five NBC stations Dec. 7 and 14. It is expected that Dr. Clyde L. King, Chief of the Dairy Division of the Agricultural Adjustment Adminis- tration, will address the Nation on the Kraft-Phenix program of Dec. 7. The prominence of the officials be- hind the cheese week and the tremend- grams of the (Continued. on page 24) DRUGS Michigan Board of Pharmacy President—Earl Durham, Corunna. Vice-President—M. N. Henry, Lowell Other members of the Board—Norman Weess, Evart; Frank T. Gillespie, St. Joseph; Victor C. Piaskowski, Detroit. Director—E. J. Parr, Lansing. Examination Sessions — Three sessions are held each year, one im Detroit, one in the Upper Peninsula and one at Ferris Institute, Big Rapids. Michigan State Pharmaceutical Association. Officers elected at the Jackson Conven- tion of the M. S. P. A. President—Duncan Weaver, Fennville. First Vice-President — Paul Gibson, Ann Arbor. Second Vice-President — J. E. Mahar, Pontiac. Treasurer — Wm. H. Johnson, Kalama- ZOO. Secretary—R. A. Turrel, Croswell. Executive Committee—A. A, Sprague, Ithaca; Leo J. LaCroix, Detroit; J. M. Ciechanowsky, Detroit; M. N. Henry, Lowell; Benj. Peck, Kalamazoo; J. E. Mahar, Pontiac. Employer and Employe Pharmacists, Let’s Be Pals When the final drug code—NIRA— is singed by the President, Mr. Drug- gist for once in your life don’t be a hypocrite. Too many have gone be- fore you who have brought pharmacy’s present plight of letting things take their course with a self conifidence that the good ship wouldn’t go on the rocks but alas too late it did and so what is now to be done? Build a new one, cap- tain it and take advantage of the bitter experience in piloting her future course and voyage. If the cut rate drug store hangs a blue eagle in the window and joins the Drug Institute, it is his privilege to do sO, as druggists were exempted in the blanket code. These cut raters work their employes in strict accordance with the minimum wages and maximum hours of the code even though the very fundamental basic idea back of the Na- tional Recovery Administration is to eliminate cut throat competition. Will the cut rater go out of business with fixed resale prices and salesman- ship of the substitution type being pro- hibited personally? I’ll say no, for they will undoubtedly, as many have already done, open prescription counters of cut rate type and we can expect real cut throat competition along this end of the business unless minimum prescrip- tion prices be adopted by local associ- ation’s agreement in the same manner as the master barbers union has set the prices for haircuts, shaves, etc., and pay wages accordingly. Don’t kid yourself that Mr. Jones will pay you $1 for 24 B & W 5 Gr. Tabloid Blaud, if Mr. Cut Rate will give him 24 C.C.T. Blaud (retailing @ 19c for C) for 21 cents, when a doctor orders Tab. Blaud 5 Gr. No. XXIV (Coated). Of course, that old self confidence will out and you will say quality is what counts not price and you will dispense it in a colored, lettered bakelite screw cap bottle, cot- ton above and below, while he uses only a cheap pill box but just wait and see if Mr. Cut Rater does not cut in on the prescription business unless inhib- ited now. Pharmacy in America is in a bad way to-day, you will admit, and you can’t tell Uncle Sam to give you better conditions without first setting your house in order. The chain drug stores are chartered to sell everything from MICHIGAN TRADESMAN nickel plated bathroom fixtures to mamma dolls, let alone do a lunch room business that has restaurants in New York “kicking like steers:” and if you expect Uncle Sam to do away with the chain drug stores, well, you might as well ask to bring back prohibition. What a chance you would have. It is too bad that the chain drug stores don’t change tactics and title viz:—United tap rooms and pharmacies, Itd. I could then assure you that doctors can pro- ceed unmolested with dispensing. Pat- ent medicines can be sold to every cigar and candy store and be hanged and line remedies go with them. Our colleges could open a new course in mixing drinks instead of prescriptions and why not? Don’t pharmacies in France sell wines and didn’t the Riker- egeman Co. have fine liquor depart- ments and handle Martini, Manhattan and other cocktails in New York, prior to Mr. Volstead, It is not too late to get in on the new deal if you will use your powerful lobby just formed D. I. of A. to exert its pressure on the ad- ministration to handle liquors and light wines and beer both bottled and over the lunch counter, masmuch as tthe old saloon is not wanted. If you don’t want this business then for God’s sake keep your hands clean from worse and now I refer to the sale of abortifacient drugs and catheters (hard) and dope as well as contracep- tives which are and always have been as illegal as selling good, yes even boot- leg liquor. Permit me to ask you one question. Is it murder to assist a phy- sician to cause the abortion of a three month child by knowingly acting as an accomplice by compounding and dis- pensing his prescription to effect same? Well it is and you can be held for it with 20 years imprisonment staring you in the face and if your college hasn’t taught you this, something is wrong with the pharmacy course. I want to warn you who are guilty that there is a Federal law as well as statutes on the sale of abortifacients and because you have maybe “gotten away with murder in the past” when you clicked 35 cents or a $1 in the register by selling a hard catheter and wire, that the United States may at some future time not far hence, put a stop to the thousands of abortions here annually as a crime of no small magnitude. Right here let me state that a recent booklet published by an English doctor on birth control and for sale at 10 cents by drug stores rec- ommends a method which has already caused one death in New York City according to the undertaker that per- formed the postmortem of the supposed appendicitis case. Personally I should like to see pharmacy in the United States be pro- fessional in nature and not big business it now is. To do this is a goal worth fighting for and so why not build a hull for a new ship for our posterity in- stead of the battered wreck we now have for them to navigate on a well mapped and protected sea? In conclusion, let me ask a few ques- tions in the spirit of the Blue Eagle. First let me state that according to N.A.R.D. figures here are 30,000 licensed pharmacists unemployed and it is up to pharmacy to get them back in the harness by making others share the hardships, by equalizing men and women’s wages (on soda fountains, in plants, offices, etc.), by doing as the Government did, cast out those em- ployed who have others at home em- ployed at a living wage and last but not least by giving pharmacists prefer- ence in all positions whether of pharm- aceutical nature or otherwise. After all, you wouldn’t think much of a man who wouldn’t give preference to his own; even relatives, to a stranger if they were in distress or drowning, so why can’t Pharmacy be one big fam- ily and help each other? I am sure then employe and employer will be pals, 1. Mr. Druggist, cant you have your pharmacists who haven’t been out of work a day in this depression, share work with their fellowmen by “split- ting time?” Give two druggists three days and alternate Sundays instead of one full time? 2. Mr. Druggist, don’t you pay $15 a week and 40 hours to employees with no dependents, which work would be appreciated by a needy pharmacist now on Welfare at about $4 a week, and with dependants? 3. Mr. Druggist, can’t you use pharmacists at other work around your plant or business offices where you now have girls who ought to be going to ‘high school (eliminate child labor even through high school to the age of 18)? Mr. Burlingame, Gen. Mgr. for L. K. Liggett Co., told me he had pharmacists on patent, soda, and even part time on his cigar couniters just to give them a position amd Mr. Sherwin, President of Petty’s, in Newark, even had a pharmacist as cashier. Well that is the spirit and a porter job is wel- come today. Grand Rapids HOLIDAY GOODS OUR 1933 DISPLAY NOW READY Thousands of items sensibly priced in plain figures ready for your inspection. The Line contains plenty of new items, also all the leading staples. We are sell- ing considerable holiday goods every day. We expect to sell our share—and you also should freshen up your stock and sell your share—for every year some buy holiday gifts and if you don’t sell them— someone else will. This is your invitation to come look the line over. The selection is large and the prices are right. Hazeltine & Perkins Drug Co. Fiftieth Anniversary 4. Relief work, Mr. Druggist, is well worth a thought. Give a pharmacist several dollars occasionally and take off Thanksgiving, Christmas or New Years. Go hunting and remember if you can’t afford a steady clerk now, there are relief clerks glad to get a day’s work a week or occasionally. 5. Now, Mr. Drug Clerk, remember there are still about eleven million people unemployed and that $40 and $50 a week days are gone for sometime to come, as those unemployed have no money to pay $1 average on a prescrip- tion and the physician would be wise to get a 50c cash fee with medicine free these days instead of charge accounts of $2 and $3 of 1929. Remember also that patent medicines are being sold by everybody and I doubt if the druggist can get this business back and also that with the advent of the tap rooms the lunch business which is n.g. in neighborhood sections is rapidly going in that direction and remember that with 30,000 unemployed pharmacists to get back to work you must take any kind of work at a living wage and be satisfied until the purchasing power is created for the millions still unem- ployed. Mr. Employer, don’t look on an em- ploye as though you were a capitalist and he a laborer: for you freshly re- call where capital fleeced you as em- ployers on your investments and in the banks and Mr. Druggist, whether employer or employe, you are still in the throes of the depression and co- operation will get us out of it quicker than bucking each other with strikes and shutdowns. Prices of commodities according to economics always have been regulated by the simple rule of supply and demand. As graduate licens- ed pharmacists there is a marked over- production and the supply far exceeds °, Michigan oe nd nd Fiftieth Anniversary the demand, in fact I have met a num- ber of licensed pharmacists driving laundry trucks, in refrigeration, in clothing departments of department storcs and who tell me will never re- tuzn to pharmacy. They made a poor that Mr. Pharma- ceu.ical Manufacturer, Mr. Drug Job- ber, and Mr. Retail Druggist, Do you do your part when you display the Blue Eagle in assisting our leader, President Roosevelt, to march up the hill by doing all you can to eliminate unemployment remembering that half a loaf is better than none and _ that good times are here when the working man has the purchasing power? He does not kick about prices then. Please remember that. investment, is all. J. G. Ricketts, —_22>___ A Business Man’s Philosophy “The people who will succeed in the next ten years will be those who give their chief attention to finding better ways to do things rather than using up time worrying about such matters as decline in gold production and how it will affect commodity prices,” says Floyd Parsons. Here is something to think about. Parsons contends that any attempt to stabilize business in these days is futile. We are moving too fast. We are in an age of youth that imagines PD. MICHIGAN amazing things and then proceeds to bring them to realization. What would have been the curve of the automobile business if it had been stabilized by an agreement among manufacturers not to change models for a period of five years? Would it have grown to its present size and efficiency? Would the consumer have been served as well? A stabilized motion picture industry might have delayed the introduction of the talking film for a generation and protected the jobs of thousands of mu- sicians, but do we prefer stabilization or progress? Governments have mortgaged their credit for millions of dollars in a hope- less attempt to stabilize the prices of coffee, rubber, and other commodities. Meanwhile improved methods of culti- vation and wider areas put into cultiva- tion have made a mockery of the ex- periments. William Feather. ae one can live in a community, is privileges and draw his sub- without No enjoy stance becoming lastingly indebted to the community, its people and institutions, and that obligation is a debt of loyalty the dis- charge of which is incumbent upon him as opportunity offers. ——_++.+_____ Metallurgical producing plants in Belgium are receiving many orders. therefrom Each Boitle Individually Inspected America’s Finest Beer SCHMIDT BREWING A DETROIT, MICHIGAN Congratulations to the Tradesman on its fifty years of successful service to the trade. We, too, have found it paid well to make and sell only a quality product, to which we attribute our continued progress for more than a half century. TRADESMAN WHOLESALE DRUG PRICE CURRENT 19 Prices quoted are nominal, based on market the day of issue. CID Acetic, No. i. lb. 06 @ Borie, Powd., or Xtal, lb. 084%@ Carbolic,Xtal,lb. 36 @ Citrie Ip. 35 @ Muriatic, Com’L., lb. Nitric, cl Oxalic, Do @ Sulphuric, 1p. ons @ Tartaric, lb. -._.. 35 @ ALCOHOL Denatured, No. 5 gall. 2 44 @ Wood. eal 50 @ eal 4 00@5 ‘0 60 ALUM-POTASH, USP Hump, ib... 05 @ Powd. or Gra.,lb. 054@ AMMONIA Concentrated, lb. 06 @ So 054%@ a-R ib. 054%@ Carbonate, lb.--. 20 @ Muriate, Lp., lb. 18 @ Muriate, Gra., lb. 08 @ Muriate, Po., lb.. 20 @ ARSENIC Found 2. 07 BALSAMS Copaiba, lb._____ Bir, Cana... lb. 2 Bir, Oree.. Ib... Beru. jb. Molu, ib.222 2 BARKS Cassia Ordinary, lb.__ Ordin., Po., lb. 25 Saigon, 1lb.____ Saigon, Po., lb. 50 Sassafras (P’d Ib. Soaptree, cut, lb. 20 Soaptree, po., Ib. 35 BERRIES Cubeh, lb. Cubeb, po., Juniper, lb.---._ 10 BLUE VITRIOL GQ 06 @ + 1! ' | ce co QOH HLOHODOOEO SOS Poun BORAX P’d or Xtal, lb. 06 @ See tone Pound A Pound 65 @ CANTHARIDES Russian, Powd. _ Chinese, Powd.__ CHALK Crayons, White, dozen__ Dustless, doz._ @6 French Powder, Coml., ib... 034@ Precipitated. lb. 12 @ Prepared, ibe: 14 @ White, lump, lb. 03 @ CAPSICUM Fods, ib. 60 @ Powder, ib. _____ 62 @ CLOVES Whole, Ib. 30 @ Powdered, @2 Ounce COPPERAS Stal Ib, 034%@ Powdered, 1b.___ 04 @ CREAM TARTAR Pcund 23 @ re erone @ Pound aeeadiac Yellow Corn, Ib. woe White Corn, lb. 07 EXTRACT Witch Hazel, Yel- low Lab., gal._ Licorice, P’d, lb. 50 @ FLOWER Arnica, Ib. 2 50 Chamomile. German, lb.-.. 35 Roman, Ib. -__ Saffron. American, 1lb._ 50 Spanish, ozs.__ FORMALDEHYDE, Pound 222... | 09 FULLER’S EART Powder, Ib._____ 05 GELATIN Pound = 55 es 8© ©8 © x o | bo o 889 © © White G’d., @3 5 HR S ® bo no — @3 60 1 10@1 70 _ i So roe Ql _ é o ox On GUM Aloes. Barbadoes, so called,lb.gourds @ Powd.. Ib... __ 35 Aloes, Socotrine, Ibe @ _-Powd.. Ib... @ Arabic, first, Ib._ @ Arabic, sec., Ib._ @ Arabic, sorts, lb. 15 @ Arabic, Gran., lb. @ Arabic, Pd, ib. 25 @ Asafoetida, lb. __. 47@ Asafoetida, Po., lb. 75@ Guaiae, Ib | @ Guaiac, powd. __ @ King, I. @ Kino, powd., lb._ @1 Miyreh, Ib @ Myrrh Pow., lb. @ Shellac, Orange, i 22% Ground, lb.__-_ 22%@ Shellac, white, (bone dr’d) ‘lb. 35 @ Tragacanth, No. 1, bbls... 1 60@2 No. 2, Ibs. 1 50@1 % Pow... ih. I 25@1 £ HONEY Found 5 @ OP @1 60 45 75 80 40 30 25 35 35 50 82 70 75 90 00 60 7a 30 30 25 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Pound, gross___25 00@27 00 % lb., gross__._15 00@16 00 14 ih. gana 00@10 50 NDIGO Madras, ib ee 2 00@2 25 INSECT pit ae Pure. ih, 2 @ 41 LEAD ACETATE tal io: 8 it @ 25 Powd. & Gran.. 25 @ 35 LICORICE Extracts, sticks, per box 150 @2 00 Lozenges, lb... 40 @ 50 Wafers, (24s) box @1 50 LEAVES Buchu, lb., short @ 60 Buchu, lb.. long_ @ Buchu, P’d., 1b. - 70 Sage, bulk, Ib. __ 25 30 Sage, logge | pressed. 4s, lb. @ 40 Sage, ones ele @ 85 Sage, P’d & Grd. @ 35 Senna, Alexandria, lb. 35 @ 40 Tinnevella, lb.. 20 @ 30 Powd., Ib. 2 @ 35 Uva Ursi, lb. ___ @ 3 Uva Ursi,P’d, lb. @ 45 LIME Chloride, med., dz. @ 8 Chloride large, dz. @1 45 LYCOPODIUM Pound 2 | 45 60 MAGNESIA Carb., %s, 1b.___ @ 30 Carb., 1/16s, 1b._ @ 32 Carb., P’wd., lb. 15 @ 25 Oxide, Hea., lb._ @ 75 Oxide, light, lb... @ i NTHOL Pound - 54@4 88 MERCURY Pound 1 50@1 75 MORPHINE OQuneeg @11 80 Se @13 96 MUSTARD Bulk, Powd.., select, 1b 45 @ 50 No, i Ib 25 @ $5 NAPHTHALINE Bells, Ib 08%@ 18 Blake ib 8144@ 18 NUTMEG Pound 40 Powdered, 1lb.___ @ 50 NUX VOMICA Pound 2 25 Powdered, Ib.___ 15 6 2 OIL ESSENTIAL Almond, Bit., true, ozs. @ 50 Bit., art... ozs._ @ 30 Sweet, true, lb. 1 25@1 80 Sw’t, art., lbs. 1 00@1 25 Amber, crude, lb. 71@1 40 Amber, rect., lb. 1 30@2 00 Anise, Ib... 1 00@1 60 Bay, Ib 4 00@4 25 Bergamot Ib.___ 3 00@3 60 Cajeput, 1b... 1 50@2 00 Caraway S’d, lb. 2 80@3 40 Cassia, USP, Ib.. 2 10@2 60 Cedar Leaf, lb.__ 1 70@2 20 Cedar Leaf, Coml,, Ib. 1 00@1 25 Citronella, lb.... 1 05@1 40 Cloves, Ib.__-____ 1 75@2 25 Croton, Ibs...___ 4 00@4 60 Cubeb, 1b... 4 2@4 80 Brigeron Ib.____ 2 70@3 35 Eucalytus, lb.... 85@1 20 Penne) 20 2 25@2 60 Hemlock, Pu., lb. 1 70@2 20 Heml’k Com., lb. 1 00@1 25 Juniper Ber., lb. 3 00@3 20 Junip’r W’d, lb._ 1 50@1 75 Lav. Flow., lb. 3 50@4 00 Lav. Gard., Ib.-. 1 25@1 50 Lemon, Ip. 1 75@2 25 Mustard, true, ozs. @1i 50 Mustard art., ozs. @ 35 Orange, Sw., Ib.- 3 00@3 25 Origanum, art, I 1 00@1 20 Pennyroyal, lb.__ 2 75@3 20 Peppermint, Ib. 5 25@5 75 MOSG, Oh @2 50 tose, Geran., ozs. 50@ 95 Rosemary Flowers, lb._._ 1 00@1 50 Sandalwood. Pe tp 8 00@8 60 WwW. 7. lh 4 50@4 75 Sassafras, . true, Ib. 1 90@2 40 Syn... Ib... 85@1 40 Spearmint, lb._._ 2 50@3 00 Tansy, Ib -- 3 50@4 00 Thyme, Red, Ib._ 1 50@2 00 Thyme, Whi., Ib. 1 75@2 40 Wintergreen Leaf, true, lb.. 5 75@6 20 Birch, lb. ____ 4 00@4 60 Syn, 75@1 20 Wormseed, Ib. __ 3 50@4 00 Wormwood, Ib. _ 4 50@5 00 OILS HEAVY Castor zal 1 15@1 35 Cocoanut, Te 2% @ 35 Cod Liver, Nor- Wwegian, gal ___ 1 10@1 5v Cot. Seed, gal._ vet 00 Lard, ex., gal.__ 1 01 65 Lard No. I, gal. 1 al 40 Linseed, raw, gal. 78@ 93 Linseed, boil., gal. 81@ 96 Neatsfoot, | extra, gal a 80@1 00 Olive, Malaga, gal. __ 2 50@3 00 Pure, gal.__.___ 3 00@5 00 Sperm gal | 1 25@1 50 Tanner, ak 75@ 90 Tar gal DRESS 50@ 65 Whale, gal. _____ @2 00 OPIUM Gum, ozs., $1.40; hee 17 50@20 00 Powder, ozs., $1.40; Ih, ee 17 50@20 00 Gran., aa $1.40; 1D 17 50@20 00 : PARAFFINE Pound = 064%@ 15 PEPPER Black, grd., lb.__ 25 e 35 Red, erd., Ib foo 45 55 White erd., lb.. 40 $ 45 PITCH BURGUNDY Pound 220 20 @ 2 PETROLATUM Amber, Plain,lb. 12 @ 17 Amber, Carb.,lb. 14 @ 19 Cream Whi., Ib. 17 @ 22 Lily White, 1b.__ 20 @ 2 Snow White, Tb. 22 27 PLASTER PARIS DENT’L Barrelg ..0 @5 a Hess Ih 034%4@ POTASSA Caustic, st’ks,lb. 55 @ 88 Liquor, Ib. @ 40 POTASSIUM Acetate ib. 2 @ 96 Bicarbonate, Ib._ @ 35 Bichromate, lb._ 3 @ 25 Bromide, Ib. =. 66 @ 98 Carbonate, Ib.--. 30 @ 35 Chlorate, Mtak. he 17 @ 323 Powe. Ib 17 @ 2 Gram Ib | 21 @ lodiide Ip. 2 71@2 ‘a Permanganate, lb. 2214%46@35 Prussiate, Hed he 80 @ 90 Yellow, 1b.____ 50 @ 60 aN nee CHIPS Pound 2: 25 @ 30 Pout. [ea 35 @ 40 i: QUININE 2 OZ, Cans, ozs.__ W SAL Epsom, The: 0314 10 Glaubers, Lump, ib.____ 03 10 Gran, Ib.._ 03% 10 Nitre, Xtal or Powd.. 10 @ 16 Gran... Wj 09 g 16 Rochelle, 1)> eo 17 30 Soda. tho 2 Ke 08 SODA Aa @ 10 Bicarbcnate Ib._ 4 10 Caustic, Co’l,, Ib. 08 @ 15 Hyposuiphite, lb. 05 g 10 Phosphate, Ib... 23 28 Sulphite, Atak, ib. 12 Dry, ‘Powd., Ib. 13%9 20 Silicate, Sol., gal. 40 @ 50 TURPENTINE Gallons 57 20 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary GROCERY PRICE CURRENT The following list of foods and grocer’s sundries is listed upon base prices, not intended as a guide for the buyer. Each week we list items advancing and declining upon the market. By comparing the base price on these items with the base price the week before, it shows the cash advance or decline in the mar- ket. This permits the merchant to take advantage of market advances, upon items thus affected, that he has in stock. By so doing he will save much each year. The Michigan Tradesman is read over a broad territory, therefore it would be impossible for it to quote prices to act as a buying guide for everyone. A careful merchant watches the market and takes advantage from it. ADVANCED Dry Lima Beans DECLINED AMMONIA Parsons 320z, _ ss 3 35 Parsons, 1002. _._ 2 70 Parsons, 607. 1 80 Little Bo Peep, med.__ 1 35 Little Bo Peep, Ige.--. 2 25 Quaker, 32 oz... 2 10 APPLE BUTTER Twin Lake, 12-31 oz., Spe 1 70 BAKING POWDERS Royal, 2 oz., doz._____ 80 Roval, 6 0z., doz.__..._ 2 00 Royal, 12 oz., doz.____ 3 85 Royal, 5 Ibs., doz.____ 20 00 10 oz., 3 40 15 oz. 5 00 25 0z., 8 40 50 oz., 7 00 5lb., 1doz.in case__ 6 00 10 Ib., % doz. in case__ 5 75 BLEACHER CLEANSER Clorox, 16 0z., 24s _____ 3 25 Clorox, 22 oz., 12s _____ 3 00 Lizzie, 16 oz., 12s_____ 215 Sunrae, 18 oz., 12s____ 1 35 BLUING Am. Ball, 36-1 0z., cart. 1 00 Boy Blue, 18s, per cs. 1 35 BEANS and PEAS 100 1b. bag Dry Lima Beans, 100 lb. 7 90 White H’d P. Beans__ 3 85 Split Peas, yell., 60 Ib. 3 90 Split Peas, gr’n, 60 Ib._ 5 60 Scotch Peas, 100 1b.___ 7 30 BURNERS Queen Ann, No.1 _____ 115 Queen Ann, No. 2 _____ 1 25 White Flame, No. 1 and & dor. 2 25 BOTTLE CAPS Dbl. Lacquor, 1 gross pkg., per gross________ 15 BREAKFAST FOODS Kellogg’s Brands Corn Flakes, No. 136_. 2 99 Corn Flakes, No, 124. 2 90 Pep, NO 2k 2 15 Fep No. 250) 1 05 Krumbles, No. 412... 1 4¢ Bran Flakes, No. 624__ 1 90 Bran Flakes, No. 650-. $5 Rice Krispies, 6 oz... 2 25 Rice Krispies, 1 0z.---- 1 10 All Bran, 16 oz. _.. — 2 30 All Bran, 10 0z. _____.. 2 76 All Bran, % oz. -----_. 1 1¢ Kaffe Hag, 6 1-lb. cams 2 5% Whole Wheat Fla. 24s 1 8& Whole Wheat Bis., 24s 2 30 Post Brands Grapenut Flakes, 24s__ Grape-Nuts, 24s _.-___ Grape-Nuts, 50s ...... Instant Postum, No. 8 Instant Postum, No. 10 Postum Cereal, Ne. 0_ Post Toasties, 36s__.._ Post Toasties, 24s__.__ Post Bran. PBF 24 ___ Post Bran PBF 36 __ Sanka 6-113. Mrw Vp bd wore cor iJ or Amsterdam Brands Gold Bond Par., No.5% 7 50 Prize, Parlor, No. 6___ 8 00 White Swan Par., No.6 8 50 BROOMS Quaker, 5 sewed______ 6 75 Warehouse —~.,.._-____ 6 25 Bopp LB Winner, 5 sewed______ 5 &0 Top Notch 4 25 BRUSHES Scrub Solid Back, 8in. ______ 1 50 Solid Back, lin. _____. 1 75 Pointed Ends —._.__.__ 1 25 Stove Seer 1 80 No. 6000 2 00 Sermiees 2 60 Shoe No. 4-9 eee 2 25 No.2) 3 60 BUTTER COLOR Hansen’s, 4 oz, bottles 2 40 Hansen's, 2 oz. bottles 1 60 CANDLES Electric Light, 40 Ibs. 12.1 Plumber, 40 Ibs....____ 12.8 Paraftine, 6g __._. 14% Paraffine, 12s _ Tudor, 6s, per box___. 30 CANNED FRUITS Hart Brand Apples NO: 100 5 00 Blackberries Pride of Michigan_____ 2 55 Cherries Mich. red, No. 10_____ 6 .25 Pride of Mich., No. 2__ 2 60 Marcellus Red__--_____ 218 Special] Pie_._.________ 1 35 Whole White_.________ 2 8@ Gooseberries No 1 Pears Pride of Mich. No. 2% 2 2 or Black Raspberries NO. 2 2 60 Pride of Mich. No. 2__ 1 60 Red Raspberries No.2 2 25 N08 1 25 Marcellus, No. 2______ 1 70 Strawberries NO. Bo 3 00 (fee 1 20 Marcellus, No. 2______ 1 45 CANNED FISH Clam Ch’der, 10% oz._ 1 Clam Chowder, No. 2__ 2 Clams, Steamed No, 1 2 Clams, Minced, No. % 2 Finnai Haddie, 10 oz._ 3 Clam Bouillon, 7 oz.__ 2 Chicken Haddie, No. 1 2 75 Fish Flakes, small____ 1 Cod Fish Cake, 10 oz. 1 Cove Oysters, 5 oz... 1 Lobster, No. %4--_-___ 1 Shrimp, 1. wet. 1 Sard’s, 14 Oil, k’less__ 3 Sardines, 4% Oil, k’less 3 Salmon, Red Alaska__. 2 25 Salmon, Med. Alaska__ 1 80 Salmon, Pink, Alaska_ 1 50 Sardines,Im. 4, ea.__6@11 Sardines, Cal. ~.._.___ 1 00 Tuna, % Van Camps, 0m. 1 G5 Tuna, 4s, Van Camps, Gon 1 35 Tuna, 1s, Van Camps, Goze 3 60 Tuna, %s, Chicken Sea, Mon, ae 1 85 CANNED MEAT Bacon, med., Beechnut i 71 Bacon, lge., Beechnut_ 2 43 Beef, lge., Beechnut___ 3 1 Beef, med., Beechnut _ 2 07 Beef, No. 1, Corned ___ 1 95 Beef, No.1, Roast -___ 1 95 Beef, 2% oz., Qua., Sli. 1 40 Corn Beef Hash, doz. 1 90 Be xfsteak & Onions, s. 2 70 Chiii Con Car., 1s_____ 1 05 Deviled Ham, 4g ~_-__ 90 Deviled Ham, %s —-____ 1 35 Potted Meat, %4% Libby 48 Potted Meat, % Libby_ 75 Potted Meat, % Qua... 70 Potted Ham, Gen. %_. 1 35 Vienna Saus. No. %_-. 90 Vienna Sausage, Qua. 8&5 Baked Beans Campbells 48s _______ 2 635 CANNED VEGETABLES Hart Brand Asparagus Natural, No 2_______ 3 00 Tips & Cuts, No. 2____ 2 25 Tips & Cuts, 8 oz.---__ 1 35 Baked Beans 1 Ib. Sace, 36s, cs._-.__ 1 75 No. 2% Size, doz._____ 1 05 No.10 Sauce... 4 00 Lima Beans Little Quaker, No. 10_ 7 90 Raby. No. 2. 1 60 Pride of Mich. No. 2__ 1 35 Marcellus, No. 10_____ 6 50 Red Kidney Beans Ne. 1D 4 25 IND, Be 90 String Beans Choice, Whole,” No. 2_. 1 60 Cut, No. 10 2 7 25 Cu Ne 2 1 35 Pride of Michigan_____ 1 15 Marcellus Cut, No. 10. 6 00 Wax Beans Choice, Whole, No. 2__ 1 60 Cut, No. 10 Cut, No 2 1 35 Pride of Mich., No. 2__ 1 15 Marcellus Cut, No. 10_ 5 50 Beets Extra Small, No. 2____ 2 00 Hart Cut, No. 10__--__ 4 25 Hart Cut, No. 2... 90 Marcel. Whole, No. 2% 1 35 Hart Diced, No. 2._._.. 90 Carrots iced, No.2 95 Diced, No. 10 ~________ 4 20 Corn Golden Ban., No.2 —-_ 1 35 Golden Ban., No. 1¢ __10 00 Little Quaker, No, 1._ 99 Country Gen., No. 2___ 1 20 Marcellus, No, 2... __ 1 10 Fancy Brosby, No. 2__ 1 35 Fancy Crosby, No. 10 _ 6 50 Whole Grain, 6 Ban- fam ND. Ro 1 45 Peas Little Dot, No.°2__.___ 215 Sifted E. June, No.10 _ 9 Sifted E. June, No.2 __ 1 Marcel., Sw. W No. 2_ 1 45 Marcel., E. June, No. 2 1 Marcel., E. Ju., No. 107 Pumpki. Wie. 10 ee 75 No 2 1 2 NOie 9216 Sauerkraut Nae 10 22 + 25 No: 2 me. 2 oo Spinach NO. 2% 22 2 25 INO. 2 1 80 Squash Boston, No. Be 1 35 Succotash Golden Bantam, No. 2_ 1 75 mast, No, 200s 1 55 Pride of Michigan_____ 115 Tomatoes NO. 40 6 25 ND Oe ee 2 10 No. 2 ie ee 1 55 Pride Of Mich., No. 2% 1 35 Pride of Mich., No, 2__ 1 10 Tomato Jutce Hart, No. 10... CATSUP Regal, 8 oz... doz, 90 Regal, 14 02z,.__--__ doz. 1 23 Sniders, 8 oz._-...doz. 1 20 Sniders, 14 0z.____- doz. 1 85 Quaker, 8 oz. --..doz. 1 12 Quaker, 14 oz... doz. 1 35 CHILI SAUCE Sniders, 8 oz. Sniders. 14 oz. OYSTER COCKTAIL Sniders, 11 oz..-______ 2 00 CHEESE : Roguctort 80 Wisconsin Daisy _____--_ 14 Wisconsin Twin _____- 13% New York June____-____ 23 aD Bae 48 Breede 17 Michigan Flats _______ 12% Michigan Daisies_...__.. 13 Wisconsin Longhorn___. 14 Imported Leyden _____- 28 1 lb. Limberger_______ 19 Imported Swiss ~_-_-___ 60 Kraft, Pimento Loaf____ 22 Kraft, American Loaf__ 20 0 Kraft, Brick Loaf_______ 2 Kraft, Swiss Loaf_____- 26 Kraft, Old End. oaf.____ 32 Kraft, Pimento, % Ib._ 1 60 Kraft, American, % lb. 1 50 Kxraft, Brick, % 1b.____ 1 3 Kraft, Limbur., % Ib... 1 3 Note that imported items are advancing due to the present dollar, : CHEWING GUM Adams Black Jack_..__ 6b Adams Dentyne ~__-____ 65 Beeman’s Pepsin _. oD Beechnut Pappermint___ 65 Doublemint 65 Peppermint, Wrigleys__ 65 Spearmint, Wrigleys_ 65 suicy Hruig 65 Wrigley’s P-K__________ 65 Deaberry 2 65 CHOCOLATE Baker, Prem., 6 Ib. 4% 2 50 Baker, Pre., 6 lb. 3 oz. 2 60 CIGARS Hemt. Champions____ 40 00 Webster Plaza ______ 75 00 Webster Golden Wed. 76 00 Websterettes ________ 38 50 Cintosg 2 38 50 Garcia Grand Babies_ 40 00 Bradstreetg __.______ 38 50 ne 40 00 R G Dun Boquet____ 75 00 Perfect Garcia Subl.. 95 00 Budwiser ___________ 20 00 Hampton Arms Jun’r 33 00 Rancho Corone_______ 31 50 Konway oo 20 00 CLOTHES LINE Riverside, 50 ft--._____ 2 20 Cupples Cord -___.__ 2 9 COFFEE ROASTED Lee & Cady 1 Ib. Package Arrow Brand ________ 21 Boston Breakfast ____ 23 Breakfast Cup _______ 21 Competition __._______ 15% oe Vee eee 19 Majestic 3... 89 Morton House ________ 30% Nedrow 26 Quaker, in ‘cartons___ 21 Quaker, in glass jars 25 McLaughlin’s Kept- Fresh Coffee Extracts M Y.. per 100. 12 Frank’s 50 pkgs._____ 4 25 Hummel’s 50, 1 Ib.____ 10% CONDENSED MILK Eagle, 2 0z., per case_. 4 60 CONFECTIONERY Stick Candy Pa Pure Sugar Sticks-600c Big Stick, 28 lb. case__ Horehound Stick, 120s Mixed Candy Kindergarten leader Krench Creams_______ Paris Creams. oupiter 2 Fancy Mixture________ Fancy Chocolate 5 lb. boxes Bittersweets, Ass’ted_ Nibble Sticks _________ Chocolate Nut Rolls__ Lady Vernon... | Golden Klondikes_____ Gum Drops Cases Jelly Strings__._______ Tip Top Jellies__..____ Orange Slices___._____ Lozenges Pails A. A. Pep. Lozenges ____ A. A. Pink Lozenges ____ A. A. Choc. Lozenges ___ Motto Hearts___._______ Malted Milk Lozenges___ Hard Goods Pails Lemon Drops_______.___ O. F. Horehound Drops_ Anise Squares ________ Peanut Squares ________ Cough Drops Bxs, Smith Bros. 1 45 iugenia 1 45 Vick’s, 40/10¢e__-______ 2 40 Specialties italian Bon Bons_______ Banquet Cream Mints__ Handy Packages, 12-10c 80 COUPON BOOKS 50 Isconomic grade__ 2 50 100 Economic grade__ 4 50 500 Economic grade__20 00 1000 Economic grade__37 50 Where 1,000 books are Ordered at a time, special- ly printed front cover is furnished without charge. CRACKERS Hekman Biscuit Company Saltine Soda Crackers, Dee 2 Saltine Soda Crackers, 1 3D. pikes. 1 86 Saltine Soda Crackers, 2 lb. pikee. 8 6 Saltine Soda Crackers, 6% oz. 1 Butter Crackers, bulk 13 Butter Crackers, 1 Ib. 1 72 Butter Crackers, 2 lb.. 3 12 Graham Crackers, bulk 14 Graham C’s, 1 Ib._..__ 1 90 Graham C’s, 2 Yb....__ 3 36 Graham C’s, 6% oz... 1 00 Oyster C’s, shell, bulk. 16 Junior Oyster C’s, blk. 13 Oyster C’s, shell, 1 Ib. 1 84 CREAM OF TARTAR 6 ib. boxes. 42 ORIED FRUITS Apples N. Y. Fcy., 50 Ib. box____ 13 N. Y. Fey., 140z, pkg. -- 16 Apricots Evaporaited, Choice __ Evaporated, Ex.Choice 15% Fancy 17 Ex. Fancy Moorpack__ Citron Bib box 27 2 RE: paar ncaa EEN ikea sity CEP Sep, Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 21 Currants MARGARINE FRESH MEATS HERRING SOAP TEA Packages, 11 0z.-.--___- 14 Am. Family, 100 box__ 5 05 Japan Wilson & Co.’s Brands Beef Holland Herring Crystal White, 100____ 3 50 Medium 18 Oleo Top Steers & Heif._____ 4 Wed Meee Sree. 1% Gan ae Dates NOG 07 Good Steers & Heif.__..09 Milkers, kegs __________ 99 Fels Naptha, 100 box._.465 WFancy ___......... 30@32 Imperial, 12s, pitted__190 Special Roll ______...___ 11 Med. Steers & Heif._____ 08 Boneless, 10 lb. box__150 Wlake White, 10 box__ 2 75 No 1 Nibbs 0 a 31 Imperial, 12s, regular_ 1 60 Com, Steers & Heif. ____ 07 Jap Kose, 100 box_____ 7 40 ek Imperial 12s, 2 lb.__-_ 2 25 airy, 100 box. 3 25 G Imperial 12s, 1 Ib.____ 1 75 Lake Herring Palm Olive, 144 box_- 8 00 Go: anpewcee MATCHES Veal 1% bbl, We tbe. leva, ho 2 25 a oice = -~----------_---. 32 : reemmond We. 6.404. G16 Top 10 Pummo, 100 box______ 495 “ney -------—-_________ 40 Figs Searchlight, 144 box__.615 Good -_..._..._...._ 03 Sweetheart, 100 box___ 5 70 Calif., 24-83, case___..l 70 Swan, 144 ____._____ 520 Medium 22 06 Grandpa Tar, 50 sm. __ 2 10 Ceylon Diamond. No, 0_______ 4 90 Mackerel Grandpa Tar, 50 lge.__ 3 50 Pekoe, medium _________ 42 Tubs, 60 Count, fy. fat 6 00 Trilby Soap, 50, 10c__ 3 15 Peaches Lamb Pails, 10 lb. Fancy fat 150 Williams Barber Bar, 9s 50 English Breakfast Evap. Choice __-_-__- 11% Spring Lamb... 13 Williams Mug, per doz. 48 Congou, medium ______ 28 Safety Matches Good 2 11 Eux Fotlet, 50... 3.15 Congou, choice ____ 35@36 Red Top, 5 gross case. 5 25 Medium _____...____ | 10 Congou, fancy ______ 42@43 Peel Signal Light, 5 gro. cs 5 25 Poor —.._____._______ 03 White Fish : Lemon, Dromdary, Med, Fancy, 100 lb.__ 13 00 SPICES Oolo i 1 10 Milkers, bbls. -__-_--— 18 50 Whole Spices Micdivn: "7 Orange, Dromdary, Mutton K K K K Norway___ 19 50 Allspice Jamaica______ GA Ga. 39 4 0z., dozen_________ 110 MUELLER’S PRODUCTS Good ________________ 04% Sib pails 140 Cloves, Zanzibar______ CG may = Citron, Dromdary, Macaroni, 9 oz.________ 210 Medium ______ eT 03 Cot Euneh 150 Cassia, Canton ______ C4 9° o..- " 4 o7;, ao7en.. 110 Spaghetti, 9 oz._______ 210 Foor 20 02 Boned, 10 lb. boxes_.__t 16 Cassia, 5c pkg., doz... @40 Elbow Macaroni, 9 oz._ 2 10 Gimger, Africa @19 : Egg Noodles, 6 oz. ____ 2 10 Mixed: No. to @30 TWINE Raisins Egg Vermicelli, 6 oz.__ 2 10 Pork Mixed, 10c pkgs., doz.. @65 Cotton, 3plycone _____ 35 Seeded, bulk__.._._____ 6% Egg Alphabets, 6 0oz._.210 5 Gallon cans, each___ 4 08 SHOE BLACKENING “Tutmegs, 70@90 ______ @50 Cotton, 3 ply balls ____ $0 Thompson’s S’dless blk. 6% Cooked Spaghetti, 24c, Bet 08 2 in 1, Paste, doz._-__._.1 30 Jutinegs, 105-110 _____ @48 Quaker s’dless blk.____ hi Of. 200 Shoulders: 00 06 BE. Z. Combination, dz. 130 °epper. Black ________ @23 pI) a 7% Spareriba 20 06 Dri-Woot, doz. .....___ 2 00 v Quaker Seeded, 15 oz._. 7% Neck bones.___...__- 03 Bixbys, doz. -___ 1 30 Pp 5 Fo INEGAR : Trimmings ... 06 Shinola, doz... 90 ure Ground in Bulk _“. O. B. Grand Rapids uae Allspice, Jamaica_____ @17 Cider, 40 grain__________ 15 California Prunes Whole Cloves, Zanzbar ______ @27 White Wine, 40 grain__ 20 90@100, 261b. boxes_.@07 Almonds, Peerless ____ 15% -assia, Canton________ @22 White Wine, 80 grain__ 25 80@ 90, 26 lb. boxes _.@07% Brazil, large ________ 14% STOVE POLISH Ginger, Corkin ______ @16 70@ 80, 25 lb. boxes__@07% Wancy Mixed ______ 15 PROVISIowsS Blackne, per doz.-____1 30 Mustard -____._______ @21 60@ 70, 25 lb. boxes _-@98% Filberts, Naples... 20 Black Silk Liquid, doz. 130 Mace Penang -_______ @6 WICKING 50@ 60, 25 lb. boxes __@08% Peanuts, Vir. Roasted 7 Barreled Pork Black Silk Paste, doz. 1 25 Pepper, Black ________ @18 No. 9, per gross 80 40@ 50, 25 lb. boxes _.@09% Peanuts, Jumbo ______ 81%, Clear Back_____ 16 00@1s8 00 Enameline Paste, doz. 130 Nutmegs ==----------- 225 No.1, per gross ___.._. 1 25 30@ 40, 25 lb. boxes __.@10 Pecans, 3, star _____.____ 25 Short Cut, Clear_____ 12 00 Enameline Liquid, dez. 1 30 rons. White @26 No. 2, per grésy 1 50 30@ 30, 251b. boxes_.@13 Pecans, Jumbo ________. 40 E. Z. Liquid, per dez..1 30 Eepper, Cayenne _____ @is No. 3, per grosa 2 30 18@ 24, 25 1b. boxes __.@15%% Pecans, Mammoth ______ 50 Radium, per doz.______ 13 ‘aprika, Spanish -____ @36 Peerless Rolls, per doz. 90 Walnuts, Cal. ______ 14@20 Dry Salt Meats Rising Sun, per doz.__. 1 30 Rochester, No.2. doz. 50 Hickory) 07 DS Belles__18-29@18-10-v9 654 Stove Enamel, dz._ 2 80 Seasoning Rochester, No, 3. doz. 2 00 Hominy Vulcanol, No. 10, doz. 130 Chili Powder 1% on ec Rave peo a to Pearl, 100 lb. sacks____ 3 5€ Stovoil, per doz._______ 3 00 Celery Salt 36 ga gg . peeing Peanuts ‘ a Lard os Se aa 80 ancy, No. 10 08 ure in tierces_________ 514 Onion Sak 33 Bulk Goods ih Cialca th ita. advance \% ae 133 WOODENWARE Elb.Macaroni, 20 1b.bx. 1 25 50 Ib. tubs _____ advance \4 SALT Ponelty, 3% oz._______ 3 25 maahete Egg Noodle, 10 Ib. box 1 25 20 Ib. pails _____ advance % F.O.B. Grand Rapids Kitchen Bouquet... 4.0% Bushels, Wide Band, Shelled 10 1b. pailg _..-_advance 7 Colonial, 24, 2 Ib._____ 95 Laurel Leaves... 3% «phoce Bandles 2 00 Almonds (is 5 Ib. pails _____ advance 1 Colonial, 36-14% ______ 120 Marjoram, 1 oz... 50 Market, drop handle__ 90 Pearl Barley Peanuts, Spanish, 125 3 1p. pails _-___ advance 1 Colonial, Iodized, 24-2135 Savory, 1'oz.__....... 65 Market, single handle. 95 oe. 00 i io 7% Compound, tierces ___.7% Med. No.1, bbls.--_-_- 29 Stee ic. op 6 earket, extra ________ 1 60 Barley Grits__------~- 5S fiien 32 Compound, tubs _______ 7% Med. No.1, 100 1b. bk. 100 ‘umeric, 114 02.0200 35 aoe eee 8 50 Chester: 200000 450 Pecans, salted________ 45 ’ Farmer Spec., 70 Ib.__ 1 00 ’ ne Splint, medium _______ 7 50 Walnut, California ____ 48 Packers Meat, 50 Ib._. 6d Splint smal 6 50 : Sausages Cream Rock for ice , Lentils Boloeng 2 10 cream, 160 lb., each 8% STARCH Churns Cat 10 Liver _____.............. 13 Butter Salt, 2801b. bbl. 4 00 Corn Barrel, 5 gal., each____ 2 40 MINCE MEAT Brankfort 003 ue 12. ~+Block, 50 Ib.__-________ 40 Kingsford, 25 Ibs.____ 23s Barrel, 10 gal., each___ 2 55 | None Such, 4 doz._____ €20 Pork 2 15 Baker Salt, 280 lb. bbl 3 80 powd., bags, per 100.. 3.95 3.t0 6 gal., per gal.___ 16 Tapioca Quaker, 3 doz. case_.__265 Tongue, jellied_....__ 21 6, 10 Ib., per bale______ 93 Argo, 24, 1 lb. pkgs.__. 1 58 Pearl, 100 lb. sacks_--- 7% Yo Ho, Kegs, wet, Ib. 16% Ileadcheese .._......... 13 20, 3 1b., per bale_-___10 Gream. 24-1 2 25 Pails Minute, 8 oz., 3 doz... 4 05 28 lb. bags, table_____ 40 ee a ee 10 qt. Galvanzed 2 60 Dromedary Instant --_ 3 50 12 qt. Galvanized... 2 85 Smoked Meats 14 qt. Galvanized _____ 3 10 ' OLIVES Gloss 12 qt. Flari Jiffy Punch s Hams, Cert., 14-16 Ib._ 14% «at. Plaring Gal. Jr. 5 00 3 doz. Carton__._______ % 25 wa — ghar — = Hams, Cert., Skinned aa * ; 7 poole : = 10 qt. Tin Dairy_____"_ 4 00 Assorted flavors. Quart Jars, Plain, doz. 3.25 ,, 16-18, Ib. -----..-@14% es Argo, 8, b Ib. pkgs... 2 <6 Tacs 5 Gal. Kegs, each____ 6 50 ’ y Silver Gloss, 48, Is_._._.114% ) 3 oz. Jar, Pim dos 14s Knuckles -__----_____ @23 MORTONS Elastic, 16 pkgs.______ 1 38 + wood, 4 holes. 60 EVAPORATED MILK 8 of. Jar, Stuffed don 3 25 California Hames @09 q Tiger, 50 lbs $4 ie ee hele. 6 Quaker, Tall, 10% oz. 2 85 iy 07 “yar atone = oz 2 ¢5 Picnic Boiled Hams__..@16 7(ODIZED ee Mouse, tin, 5 holes__. 65 Quaker, Baby, 4 doz.-.143 > Gai" ties staff de ice Boiled Hams__.____-_-_ @21 Bae, WOO 1 00 Quaker, Gallon, % dz. 2 8 + “' /UBS, Stull, dz. 155 ‘winced Hams__.._..__- @10 SALT Bae, Sorin 1 00 Carnation, Tall, 4 doz. 2 95 Bacon 4/6 Cert.___.____ @15 SYRUP Mouse, spring_________ 20 Carnation, Baby, 4 dz. 1 48 a tI Caen Oatman’s D’dee, Tall _ 2 95 PARIS GREEN CCE ——- Blue Karo, No. 1%___ 2 22 Tubs Oatman’s D’dee, Baby 148 ws 34 Beef ANT ona crane 2 Blue Karo, No. 5, 1 dz. 3 09 Large Galvanized 8 75 Pet, Tal 2 290) i oe 32 Boneless) rump_____ @19 00 MEDICAL | Bl : ; Medi oe ss Ee ue Karo, No. 10____ 2 92 edium Galvanized___ 7 75 Pet, Baby, 4 dozen___145 2s and 5s_______________ 30 i Red Karo, No. 1% 244 Small Galvanized 6 75 Borden’s, Tall, 4 doz.. 2 95 — HOGG Na bias h0UmUmcmCmCmUCUCUCUCUUUUUU a Borden's, Baby, 4 doz. 1 48 Liver Red Karo, No. 10 2 3 22 Des 10 ‘ee Run’g, 32, 26 oz._ 2 4(i A ee PICKLES Cai 35 Five case 5 ane pe 2 30 : Ba Washboards 0 FRUIT CANS Pork 20 05 lodized, 32. 26 oz.__ 2 44) Imit. Maple Flavor nner, Globe 2 50 wi ee Sh Orange, No. 1%, 2 dz.. 282 Brass, single__________ 6 25 : Five case lots_________ 2 30 : Glass 1 Presto Mason Medium Sour Orange, No. 3, 20 cans 4 25 pj AS% Single------____ 6 00 F.0.B. Grand Rapids 5 gallon, 400 count____ 4 75 Jouble Peerless _____ 8 50 Hal pint. 715 Single Peerless________ 7 50 One! pints 7 40 RICE BORAX Maple and Cane Northern Queen______ 5 50 i Kanuck, per gal.______ 120 Universay 7 25 One gGuart 8 65 Fancy Blue Rose______ 4 85 T ts Mite Team Hanuek & wat : Half gallon___________- 11 55 Sweet Small Fancy Head __________ ee a, gt y A ° e __ The only hope of a stout woman is to cultivate a lovely disposition. Phone 89574 John Lynch Sales Co. SPECIAL SALE EXPERTS Expert Advertising Expert Merchandising 209-210-211 Murray Bldg. Grand Rapids, Michigan 40-50 Market Avenue WHOLESALE SOLE LEATHER AND SHOE FINDINGS For REPAIR SHOP—SHOE STORE—DEPARTMENT STORE Distributors Panco Rubber Taps and Heels—Joppa Leathers—Griffin Shoe Dressings and Polish—Steerhead Leathers—St. Louis Braid Co. Shoe Laces—Tioga Oak Leathers—Flickenstein Flexible Sole ds—Strips—Men’s and Women’s ck—Prompt Shipments. Leather—Rayon Products—Ben Cut Taps—Large Complete Sto GRAND RAPIDS BELTING COMPANY Established in 1904 Grand Rapids, Michigan 2 = i sGis ag aes ibis dase tsi Ree AAAI ea 2 catia maiiciias isi ian aigactialsn. Fiftieth Anniversary OUT AROUND (Continued from page 9) seem to be animated solely by a desire to see how they can prevent other men in the same line of business from mak- ing the money they are entitled to by reason of their superior knowledge, energy and activity. When men en- gage in the baking business they should lay down as a corner stone the theory that quality should be the first desideratum and that price should al- ways be a secondary consideration; be- cause both experience and observa- tion lead to the conclusion that no permanent success can be achieved by price cutting, by excessive competi- tion or by misrepresenting the atti- tude or practice of neighbors in the same line of business. Lake Orion, Nov. 24—I am writing you for any information you can give me regarding the Goodwin plan for making money for the various organi- zations and churches. Their agent was here this week wanting our church to sign up for three years. Mr. Goodwin made arrangements with the Standard Manufacturing Co. They pay 3% per cent. and send us 2 per cent. on the dollar. The 1%4 per cent. goes to Mr. Goodwin. We collect coupons or labels on the goods purchased from the vari- ous stores. These coupons are col- lected every month and sent to the manufacturer. We did not sign up for these plans. Please let me have your opinion re- garding this new business if it is all right or not. Mrs. Fred E. Scott. I have given the Goodwin plan care- ful investigation and due considera- tion and see nothing dishonest in the scheme. It does not seem to me to be ethical, however, for church organiza- tions to engage in an undertaking of this kind, because it may involve clash- es with local merchants who are al- ready supporting churches which re- ceive liberal cash contributions from them. I cannot definitely determine to- what extent this is likely to happen until the plan has been in actual opera- tion in some locality long enough to enable me to form an opinion. E. A. Stowe. —_——_+- > ____ Mutual Insurance Code Adopted by Government The provisions of this code shall apply to all the member companies of the Federation of Mutual Fire Insur- ance Companies, the National Associ- ation of Automotive Mutual Insurance Companies, the National Association of Mutual Casualty Companies, the National Association of Mutual Insur- ance Companies and their affiliated or- ganizations. All these organizations and their constituent companies being in sympathy with the spirit and pur- pose of the National Industrial Re- covery Act present this code to the President to forward the program lead- ing toward the economic and business recovery of the United States, the ne- .cessity for which is stated in Title I, Section 1 of the Act. Artcile I—The Federation of Mutual Fire Insurance Companies, the Na- tional Association of Automotive Mu- tual Insurance Companies, the National Association of Mutual Casualty Com- panies and the National Association ‘of Mutual Insurance Companies affirm that they impose no inequitable restric- MICHIGAN TRADESMAN tions on their members and’ participa- tion in their activities and that they are truly representative national associa- tions of fire and casualty insurance companies operating on the mutual plan. The membership of the various or- ganizations above named, in whole or in part, maintains, supports or sub- scribes to, insurance rating, inspection and audit bureaus, associations, en- gineering services, testing and inspec- tion stations and laboratories, arson in- vestigators, loss adjustment bureaus, and patrol or salvage corps cooperating with municipal fire departments, all of which come within the purview of the code. The operation of the business of fire and casualty insurance and: its allied activities are rigidly controlled by the laws of the several states which are not rescinded or set aside by the Na- tional Industrial Recovery Act. Noth- ing herein shall obligate the companies, members of the above named organ- izations, to any action, agreement or understanding prohibited by the laws of any of the States. Article II—Labor Provisions. Sec- tion 1. (a) Employes shall have the right to organize and bargain collec- tively through representatives of their own choosing, and shall be free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representa- tives or in self-organization or in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection. (b). No employes and no one seek- ing employment shall be required as a condition of employment to join any company union or to refrain from join- ing, organizing or assisting a labor organization of his own choosing; and (c) Employers shall comply with the maximum hours of labor, rates of pay and other conditions of employment, approved or prescribed by the President. Child Labor. Section 2. After Aug- ust 31, 1933, no person under sixteen years of age shall be employed, except that persons between fourteen and six- teen years of age may be employed for not to exceed three ‘hours a day and those hours between 7 a. m. to 7 p. m. in such work as will not interfere with hours of day school, provided, how- ever, that where a state law prescribes a higher minimum age no person shall be employed in such State below the age specified in such law. minimum Article I1I—Hours of Employment. Section 1. (a) Not to work any em- ployes engaged in the business of in- surance, except outside representatives consisting of salesmen, _ solicitors, agents, field representatives, claims men, inspectors, service engineers, ad- justers, appraisers, collectors, payroll auditors, raters and employees hand- ling mortgages and real estate for more than 40 hours in any one week. Section 2. The maximum hours fixed in the foregoing paragraph (a) shall not apply to employes in a managerial or executive capacity and to their tech- nical assistants who now receive more than $35 per week; nor to guards and watchmen employed to safeguard se- turities; nor for an aggregate period not exceeding eight weeks in any one year to employes on emergency work incident to the preparation o: statements or special data required by the respective states in their supervi- sion of the insurance business; nor to annual extra work in offices on account of an unusual number of loss claims; nor to special work restrictions in hours of highly technical workers would unavoidably hamper operations. Article I1V—Wages. Employes, ex- cept salesmen, solicitors and agents op- erating on a commission or contingent basis, engaged in the business of in- surance shall be paid not— 1-(a) Less than $15 a week in any city of over 500,000 population or in the immediate trade area of such city. (b) Less than $14.50 a week in any city between 250,000 and 500,000 pop- ulation or in the immediate frade area of such city; (c) Less than $14 a week in any city between 2,500 and 250,000 popula- tion or in the immediate trade area fo such city; (d) In towns of less than 2,500 pop- ulation all wages shall be increased by not less than 20 per cent., provided that this shall not require wages in excess of $10 a week. 2-(a) Messengers may be paid not less than 75 per cent. of the minimum wages above specified. (b) Junior ‘file clerks for a period of six months after employment may be paid not less than 75 per cent. of the minimum wages above specified. Employes referred to in Sections 2-(a) and 2-(b) shall not exceed 10 per cent. of the total number of employes. ——__—_.-—-—___ Lines of Interest to Grand Rapids Council (Continued from page 2) he was surprised to meet counselors Tom Fishleigh and Ray Shinn. Not having a quorum, they spent the eve- ning in playing cribbage and discus- sing ways and means, “George, I hope you gave the waiter a good tip. Was he satisfied?” “Was he? Look at this brand new overcoat he handed me!” The many friends and Council mem- bers will be shocked to hear of the sudden passing of Mrs. Van Buren, wife of counselor Thos. J. Van Buren. Mrs. Van Buren had been in ill health for some time and had recently under- gone a serious operation. She passed away Saturday afternoon at her home at 53 Pleasant street. The Council extends its heartfelt sympathy to coun- selor Van Buren in the loss of his com- panion. Frank C. Powers, 65, former mem- ber of the council, passed away last week after a short illness. Mr. Powers had been identified with business in Grand Rapids all his life. His grand- father, Wm. T. Powers, was the builder of the present Powers opera house. In his early business career he was connected with the old Grand Rap- ids Light and Power Company. He later identified himself with the Valley City Cable and Street Car Company. When the Powers and Walker Casket Company was organized, he served as vice president and general manager where 23 until the plant was closed a few years ago. He was Michigan representative for a casket company the last five years. His funeral was held last Fri- day at 2:30 from the Alt funeral par- lors and interment made in Greenwood cemetery. He leaves one brother, Fred W.., and two sisters, Mrs. Stanley Em- ery, of 1213 Bates street, with whom he made his home, and Mrs. Royal F. Lynch of Willmette, Ill. Hardrock Baseball Club. Mr. Perchaising Agent. Dear Sir: Other teams have lost games be- cause they did not accept my offer, I hope you will not be as foolish as they were. My son and I have perfected the concrete baseball. This ball is a solid sphere of my secret mixture of patented sement. The regulation cover fits over it snugly and it can not be detected from the ordinary lively ball that gets hit over the fence too much. Your pitchers could keep a few of my concrete balls in their pockets, and at a cruscial moment let one go over the plate. This ball cannot be hit over fifteen feet, I tried it myself. If you are interested I will come up from Peo- riana and demonstrate my patent. Respectifully yours, Johns & Sons. P. S. Babe Ruth or Lou Gehrig won't like this ball. The salesmen’s code will be present- ed to Col. R. W. Lea, assistant to Gen- eral Johnson. We do not know what its fate will be but hope we may have something encouraging to present at a later writing. Many a salesman gets turned down because he does not turn up. We hasten to congratulate Ray “Razzin’ the Rapids” Barns on the tenth anniversary of his comic section. Any one who can think of something different for ten consecutive years and add enough smiles to it to hold the public interest is worthy of more than congratulations: he should be given a political job where things are spon- taneously funny year in and! year out. Ray, if you are nominated we will cast our entire vote for you. Are you fur us, Mr. Sparks? Do not buy cheapness. Pay enough to get your money’s worth. This is not a shoddy Nation. Support the NRA. Scribe. Business Wants Department Advertisements inserted under this head for five cents a word the first insertion and four cents a word for each subse- quent continuous insertion. if set in capital letters, double price. No charge less than 50 cents. Small display adver- tisements in this derartment, $4 per inch. Payment with order is required, as amounts are too small to open accounts. | Will Buy Your Merchandise For Cash Dry Goods, Clothing, Shoes, Ready-to- Wear, Furnishings, Groceries, Furniture, Hardware, Etc. Will buy entire stock and fixtures, or any part. Also short leases taken over. All transactions confidential. Write, Phone, or Wire LOUIS LEVINSOHN Phone 27406 655 So. Park St. Saginaw, Michigan Will Trade—Free and clear, improved farm for stock of merchandise. G. Lin- ten, Big Rapids, Mich. 609 24 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary WITH US TWENTY-FIVE YEARS Sidelights From a Former Faithful Employe I was very much grieved to learn from one of your recent issues of the death of our good friend, Uncle Louie Winternitz. I try to read both of the Grand Rapids daily papers quite relig- iously, but I do not remember of hav- ing seen any account of his death in either of the local papers. Had he lived he would have been eighty years old next April. The world is certainly a much better place to live in when we can have such men as Un- cle Louie, always jolly and full of good cheer, with a good word for everyone. I was also surprised to learn from one of your recent issues of the death of Jim Marshall, the first printer you ever employed after you started to make the Tradesman. During my long time with you I met Mr. Marshall sev- eral times. His career certainly should be an inspiration to younger men. I had often wondered what had be- come of Rufus Freeman and was glad to know that he is still in the land of the living. Although I never had the privilege of working with him, he often called at the office during the time I was with you and I admired him very much. I was also interested in what you had to say about Lake Smith. I re- member very distinctly when Lake came to work for the Michigan Trades- man, soliciting advertising. He was one of the most genial men I ever met. I hope some time when Lake Smith is in Grand Rapids and you know that he is here you will let me know, be- cause I would certainly like to see him again. Lake and I got very well ac- quainted while he was with the Mich- igan Tradesman and you could just naturally feel that there were bigger things ahead for him, I will never forget that at one of our annual banquets you called on Lake Smith to make a speech and he replied that while he did not think that he would be able to make a speech he would show us a trick with cards. He took out of his pocket a deck of what looked like regular playing cards and took the pack out of the case and ex- tended the pack to dear old Warren Fuller and asked him to select one of the cards and remember what that par- ticular card was. He then placed the card back in the deck and proceeded to shuffle the deck and do a little hap- hazard talking and finally without ap- parently looking at the deck again he took a card off the top and extended it to Mr. Fuller and it was the 9 of clubs. He asked Mr. Fuller if that was the card he selected and Mr. Fuller said it was. He then put the deck back in the case, put it in his pocket and talked a little while longer and sat down. I was rather surprised that Mr. Fuller knew that it was the 9 of clubs because I didn’t know that he knew anything about cards at all. But, anyway, a few more people made speeches and a half or three- quarters of an hour elapsed and finally during a lull in conversation at the banguet Mr. Fuller turned to Lake Smith and said, “Lake, did not that whole pack of cards consist of 9 of clubs?” Lake Smith took the pack out of his pocket and, sure enough, every card in the pack was a 9 of clubs. Mr. Fuller had set there and appar- ently thought out that deduction. I also remember an incident that al- ways was remembered—one of the banquets we held at the Eagle Hotel. John De Boer was our pressman. He is a very conservative and staid bach- elor. It seems that one of the girls in the bindery who was at the banquet lived near where John De Boer lived and, as it was half past ten, or eleven o’clock in the evening when the ban- quet broke up, you asked John De Boer if he would walk home with this par- ticular girl. He did, but he never at- tended another banquet. He probably thought that if he was going to ac- company ladies home he would pick his own company, in case he wanted company. I believe you told me that you were issuing your fiftieth Anniversary num- ber the first week in December, which will be your next issue. I know it will be a success from the standpoint of the reading matter it contains and I sincerely hope that it will be a success from an advertising standpoint also. I can remember the first anniversary issue published, I presume about twen- ty-five years ago. I remember it very distinctly because I was making up the paper at that time and I think it was somewhere in the neighborhood of eighty or ninety-six pages and, of course, a great many of the forms had to be set up, made up and run two or three weeks in advance of the date of issue, and some of the articles con- tributed by the prominent men of this state were to long to go on one page and had to be run over on another form. And, because of the fact that it was out of the ordinary, I certainly did get all balled up in making up those pages. For instance, say, an article run on page sixteen had to be contin- ued on some other page further in the book and, as usual, in cases of this kind the continuation of the article would, of course, be on some page far- ther back in the book. I made up several forms and run them and had several of these articles that would run over and after I found that quite a number of the forms had been printed I still had some of these articles that were to run over left, or rather the end of the article left, and I remember in two instances the con- tinuation of the article had to be print- ed on pages preceding the starting of the articles. You got a great kick out of that—had a lot of fun with me about it for several years. I started with the Tradesman Com- pany on February 14, 1894, and filled different positions with the organiza- tion for twenty-five and one-half years. Two years after starting with the Tradesman the offices were moved to the fifth floor of the Blodgett building, which is now the Herpolsheimer build- ing, and I believe we stayed in that place about eight years, when we moved the offices to your present loca- tion. I was, therefore, with the com- pany when it moved two different times, and if anyone thinks it is any fun moving a printing office and con- tinuing to do business all the time, just let them try it. Each move was made in the winter time, too, which did not add at all to the pleasure of moving. There was a time twenty-five years ago when I believe the Michigan Tradesman had halftone cuts of more prominent business men in Michigan than any other publication in Michigan. I wonder if this still is so. I hope so. I hope this present anniversary issue will be a complete success in every detail and I also hope that I may have the privilege of reading the Michigan Tradesman, edited by the present edi- tor, for a great many years to come. Roy H. Randall. —_—_~+-.—_____ “Serve Cheese and Serve the Nation” (Continued from page 17) ous scope of the publicity plan assure Nation-wide interest and offer distrib- utors and retailers a unique and com- pelling opportunity. Tying in their sales activities with the campaign, they can contribute a vital part to the campaign, their sales, and assist in a concentrated effort which can be an important contribution to- ward National recovery. According to the figures released by the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture for the year 1932, Michigan produced 6,495,C00 pounds of American cheese and 738,000 pounds of other varieties, exclusive of cottage cheese. More than 70,000,000 pounds of milk were required to pro- duce this quantity of cheese. The pro- duction of cheese in Michigan during 1933 will, undoubtedly, exceed the pro- duction during 1932 by a cons‘derable quantity: so the dairy farmers of Mich- igan will be vitally affected by the in- creased sale of cheese. sales increase Growing Use of Antitoxins A large demand for diphtheria anti- toxin and for many other biological products, regarded not many years ago as novel, is indicated in the number of laboratories, in almost every part of the country, now licensed by the Treas- ury Department to make and sell these products in interstate commerce. Besides 38 laboratories approved for domestic licensing there are 10 foreign laboratories which are holding licenses from this country. Michigan operates a laboratory at Lansing, but has a Federal license to perimit products of the laboratory to be sold in interstate commerce. The Public Health Service, in issuing its list of these establishments, makes it clear that indorsement of claims made by manufacturers of such prod- ucts is not intended. Licenses, how- ever, mean that the plants are inspected to see that safe methods of manufac- ture are used, and no contamination is permitted. Standards have been developed for some laboratory products—such as the diphtheria antitoxin, scarlet fever streptococcus antitoxin, tenanus anti- toxin, botulinus antitoxin, anti-dysen- tery serum, anti-meningo coccic serum, antipneumococcic serum, vaccines made from typhoid bacillus, and others. —_»-+>-——_—— Looking for a substitute that will pay as well as work has been the ruin- ation of many. It will never win any more than a slow horse wins the race. Work wins lasting victories, makes real men, builds homes, erects factories, and makes peaceful communities. DETROIT. Na Step Up Your Profits With FLOURS “Made Good”’ since 1855 Henkel’s Flours show you a better profit— yet your customer pays no more for outstanding Henkel quality! The name Henkel—on the package—is the best assurance of uniform goodness—and of consistently good baking results. That’s why public demand for Henkel’s Flours has been building —since 1855. On every Henkel product complete, perfect satisfaction is unconditionally guaranteed. COMMERCIAL MILLING CO. FRM SOR Coe LN on See e . MICHIGAN j 4 Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 25 Cookie: Cakes and 7 | a — : s — J @ ee, first = 3” . ; i : = NB 49), yy _ is < ee j y an d ee Crackers appetizing, Fresh, a ST . COMPANIONS to the first course of tasteful oe SS fd las course G_ of the dinner an Biscuit (o Grand Rapids,Mich. 26 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary SONGS OF MY CHILDHOOD Joy To Recall Them As Gleams of Sunshine My earliest recollection is attached to singing. My uncle, Erastus Smith, was a frequent visitor to our Wauwa- tosa home and he was leader of the choir in the Baptist church and aso led the singing in the Sunday school. He had a voice full of melody and I liked to ‘hear him sing, so when he would appear at the house I immediately tackled him for a song. This was be- fore I could even speak his name plainly. He called me “Duck” and I called him ‘“‘Rassus,’” and so I would say, “Rassus, take Duck, rock him, sing,” and he would respond with the hymns which were associated with most of his singing. So I became acquainted with the first lines of many of the great hymns early in my childhood and they have stayed with me to this day.I recall “Awake My Soul in Joyful Lays,” “Come Thou Fount of Every Bless- ing,’ “My Days Are Gliding Swiftly By,” “Im the Cross of Christ I Glory,” and, best of all, “Jesus, Lover of My Soul.” One day when Uncle Erastus had gone over the gamut of hymns, I said to him, ‘“Rassus, sing something else,” and he understood and immedi- ately responded by singing: Old Grimes is dead That good old man I ne’er shall see him more. He used to wear an old blue coat All buttoned down before. This was just what I wanted, and I was immediately an interrogation point. “Rassus, did you know old Grimes?” “No, I didn’t know him, but I knew about hint.” “Was he a real old man and did he have grey whiskers and no hair on his head like you?” “He was very grey and wrinkled like your grandfather, but he wasn’t bald.” “What kind of buttons were they?” “Brass buttons.” “Were they little or big?” “They were large brass buttons.” “Did you see that coat?” “No, I knew about it and it was buried in the grave with him.” “T wish I could have a button like that.” “Well, Duck, the next time I come, I will bring you a brass button like the ones on old Grimes’ coat.” Then to finish up, I asked, “You said ‘buttoned down before.’ Didn’t they never button behind like my apron?” “Not with brass buttons, Duck, be- cause they wouldn’t look nice behind.” Perhaps the most interesting music connected with my earliest childhood was attached to the bedtime when my mother would sing to me the childhood ditties. I was a very nervous child and often when I was put ito bed in my trundle bed, I would flop around and be. uneasy and ‘finally jump up in my nighty, and say, “Muzzer, rock me, sing.” And she would always ask, “Well, Charley boy, what shall I sing?” “Sing — O! Hush My Dear,” and after finishing this, I would say, “Sing something else.” “Well, what?” “The Tree Top.” And then Mother would sing: Rockaby baby in the tree top, When the wind blows, the cradle will rock. When the bough bends, the cradle will fall,, And down comes rockaby, baby and all. By that time, I would begin to get sleepy and would ask her to sing “Sleep, Baby, Sleep.” Then she would sing that song which has stayed with me all these years and that I love still to go to sleep on: Go to sleep my ba—a—by, my ba—a—by, my ba—a—by, Go to sleep my ba—a—by, my ba—a—by, —by, Go to o’sleep, baby sleep. The next thing after this was the awakening in the morning, for I had been put into bed and slept all the ing with me, for I was fortunate in attending a country school where one of the first questions asked the appi- cant for the teacher’s position was, “Can you sing?”, and with this equip- ment the teacher had an influence which threaded through all the educa- tional processes. When I was ten years old we had a teacher who had a mellifluows voice and who enjoyed teaching school songs, and she utilized them very de- lightfully in her tuition. I recall one day when the atmosphere was sur- charged with carbonic acid gas and the pupils were uneasy and it was pretty nearly time to close, she opened the Charles W. Garfie'd night long. Then if Uncle Erastus happened to be there over night, he was always early to rise in the morn- ing and I would rush to him and again say, “Rassus, sing.” And how clearly I recall his taking me to the window in the morning and calling my atten- tion to the beauties of the sky and sing ing to me that beautiful hymn that even to-day I sing as I look out of our East window and enjoy the morning sky: How gently breaks the dewy morn, How calm and how serene. How hushed and still all nature seems Beneath the day’s first beam. The eastern heavens are all aglow And lo, the glorious sun Bursts forth in majesty arrayed And now the day’s begun. Memory recalls these beautiful asso- ciations with the childhood songs and makes great contributions to the hap- piness of to-day. Perhaps the school songs are the ones that are most abid- windows and said, “Let’s sing the rest of the time. What shall we sing?” Georgie Seymour held up his hand and said, “Miss Stiles, let’s sing “The Spider and the Fly.” Of course, the teacher responded favorably, and we began: Will you walk jnto my parlor? Said a spider to a fly, It’s the prettiest little parlor That ever you did spy. The way into my parlor, sir, Is up a winding stair, If you’ll step in one moment, Sir, I'll show you what is there. And then the third verse began: The silly fly with vain conceit Drew near the parlor door — Up went the teacher’s hand. We knew that meant everything must stop, and she said, “Who can tell what ‘vain conceit? means?” George’s hand went up again and, although he was but six years old, he was the one to respond, “T think it means the fly was darned sure he knew everything and nobody could fool him.” And smilingly Miss Stiles said, “We'll leave out the ‘darned’ and then I think your defini- tions is as good as Webster’s.” One song always brought peace and quietness to our school, one verse of which was: Speak gently, it is better far To rule by love than fear, Speak gently, let no harsh word mar The good we might do here. Speak gently, 'tis a little thing Dropped in the heart’s deep well, The good, the joy, which it may bring Eternity shall tell. Then there was a song which I use even to this day with grown-ups to awaken hope in times of despond: Catch the sunshine, though it flickers Through a dark and dismal cloud, Though it falls so faint and feeble On a heart with sorrow bowed. Catch it quickly, it is passing, Passing rapidly away, It has only come to tell you There is yet a brighter day. And then the last verse, as I recall it, was always a stimulant to a brighter outlook: Catch the sunshine, don’t be grieving Over that darksome billow there. Life’s a sea of stormy billows, We must meet them everywhere; Pass right through them, do not tarry, Overcome the heaving tide, There's a sparkling gleam of sunshine Waiting on the other side. Then there was the bright ditty, the first verse of which has always stayed with me: Lightly row, lightly row, O’er the glassy waves we go. Smoothly glide, smoothly glide, On the silent tide. Let the winds and waters be Mingled with our melody. Sing and float, sing and float In our little boat, There was “The Rvening Bells” and connected with it the story which our teacher gave us, which ran like this: An Italian spent nearly his whole life in the development of a chime of bells and they were placed in the village church. His whole thought and joy were attached to the music of these bells. An invasion from the North cleared out a great many of the prec- ious things in Italy and along with them was this chime of bells. The musical inventor was crushed with the great loss and spent the remainder of his life hunting for his bells. After some years of search, one evening when he was floating on a little lake in a boat, all at once there came the chime of his beloved bells. He was again coming into his own, but the ecstacy of the moment took his fife and he never again’ saw or heard: the beloved ti The song, as I recall it, runs like this: Those evening bells, those evening bells How many a tale their music tells Of youth and home and that sweet time When last I heard their soothing chime. Those joyous hours have passed away, And many a heart that then was gay Within the tomb now darkly dwells And hears no more—those evening bells, And so ’twill be when I am gone ‘That tuneful peal will still ring on; While other bards shall walk these dells And sing your praise—sweet evening bells. There were many songs used by the teachers to carry a lesson to us. A verse of one clings to me: + Nine necrennlt a See ean ~~ > ~~ STs naneniinein aenceciaco * Re tI io - Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 27 SEND FOR THIS REE DISPLAY‘ If” ..1T WILL ENABLE YOU TO LAV 4d a ed FROM GERBER PRODUCTS This compact and efficient Gerber counter display sells more Gerber products. It shows the complete line—all nine items. ». —and it tells each customer that you're the Gerber store and that you carry the exact Gerber food that her physician or pediatrician prescribed for her baby! It’s a reminder, too, that you probably have the other things she wants for baby. It makes an actual Baby Department right on your counter. It catches the eye and it sells the goods. HERE’S THE COMPLETE GERBER LINE Strained Tomatoes ...Green Beans ... Beets .'.. Vegetable Soup ... Carrots ... Prunes ... Peas... Spinach... 4\4-0z. cans. Strained Cereal .-- 10%-oz. cans ... 15¢ 9 Strained Foods for Baby Your best customers are families with children. Culti- vate their good will and continued patronage with a complete line of Gerber’s 9 Strained Foods for Baby. —and with physicians and pediatricians more than ever prescribing these famous foods, it’s to your ad- vantage for bigger profits to use this display. It’s FREE, just send in the coupon below—but ACT NOW so you'll receive it in time to gain the benefit from the big push in Gerber’s national advertising during September and October. Y,Zane Complete with places for all nine items and holder for educational leaflets which we also furnish. The Gerber 9-Item Counter Rack is a neat, compact sales builder. (AD-10) | Gerber Products Company, Fremont, Michigan Gentlemen:— Please send me FREE Gerber 9-Irem Counter Rack— also supply of educational leaflets. e Name : - Address. City State 4g Name of Store o Ce ee ee a 28 "Tis a lesson you should heed Try, try gain. If at first you don’t succeed, Try, try again. Then your courage should appear, For if you will persevere, You will conquer, never fear— Try, try again. Perhaps the song which in all col- lections never has been in print was called “The Rivers,” and Mliss Stiles taught us this song in connection with our geography lessons. There are three or four of those children who learned that song still living, and when we get together it is a joy to us to know that we can sing that song of the rivers with never a mistake. We simply can't forget it; and I am inclined to embel- lish this story of childhood songs by giving this “Song of the Rivers.” It is sung to the tune of Yankee Doodle: First in North America we tell of flow- ing rivers: Mackenzie, Rio Grande, Columbia, Colorado, Penobscot, Ken- nebec, Androscoggin, Saco, Merri- mac, Connecticut, Hudson, and the Mohawk. Susquehanna, Delaware, Potomac, Rappahannock, York, James, and Shoanne, Pamlico, Roanoke, Tom- bigby, Pascagola, Pearl, Altamaha, Cape Fear, Great Pedee, Santee, Edisto, Wabash, and Savannah, Red and Arkansas, Missouri, Yellowstone, Platte or Nebraska, Mississippi, Ten- nessee, Ohio, Alleghany, Genesee, Niagara, St. Lawrence and Oswego. South America is next with its mighty rivers, Amazon, Parana, Laplata, Ori- noco. Europe next with Thames and Po, Elbe, Oder, Duna, Dwina, Volga, Don, Vistula, Dnieper, Dniester, Danube. Asia in the train appears with its proud Euphrates, Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, Ganges and Hoangho, Yenisee and Lena, too, Obi and Cambodia. Last of all is Africa with Senegal and Zambesi, Niger, too, and noted Nile, Congo, Orange, Yambia. Among the most pleasing memories of my childhood, and even young man- hood, were the good-night songs we learned at school and sang at home and in our public gatherings, and the few that are left now, when they get together, love to ‘recall these hymns. Two verses of one of them occur to me as worth recording here: How sweet the happy evenings close, ‘Tis the house of sweet repose. Good Night. The summer winds have sunk to rest, The moon serenely bright, Unfolds her bright and gentle ray Softly now she seems to say Good Night. These tranquil hours of social mirth Form the dearest links on earth. Good Night. And while each hand is fondly pressed © may our prayers ascend, With humble fervor be addressed And heaven's blessings on us rest. Good Night. It was im the civil war period that we youngsters were wrought up with a spirit of militarism. We had our pa- per uniforms and organized into mili- tary formations and went through with the evolutions which we had seen as the regiments were organized in our city. Every new song which came out, we learned, and I doubt not all who are still living recall many of the verses of the songs of that period. There was “The Kingdom Coming,” the first verse of which was MICHIGAN T Say, darkies, hab you seen old massa, Wid the muffstash on his face, Go long de road some time dis morning’ Like he gwine to leab de place? He seen a smoke, way down de ribber, Where de Linkum gunboats lay; He took his hat an’ lef berry sudden And the year of jubilee. The chorus followed each verse: The massa run Ha! Ha! The darkies stay, Ho! Ho! It must be now that the Kingdom is com- ing Ind the year of jubilo. I recall the one which began, “We are coming, Father Abraham, three hun- dred thousand strong’; and that patri- otic one, “Just Before the Battle, Mother’; and we all loved to sing, “Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the Boys Are Marching.” But the one hymn which stays with me the longest, as connected with ‘the civil war period, came to us in the form of a piece of sheet music which we wore completely out in learning the hymn and in singing it at most of our neighborhood gatherings. I think in this connection the verses are worthy of recalling: Dead! Dead! Dead at the dawning of the strife; Dead! Dead! and late so loyal, brave and true. When high hopes centered in his life And fond hearts had his fame in view. Elisworth! Elsworth! the noble, brave and true. Elisworth! Elisworth! dear, departed, brave and true. And let no word of censure fall; Let those who seek the world’s ap- plause Know well he went at duty’s call And perished in his country’s cause. Sleep on, brave heart, the flag you bore Through all the land at last shall wave Your bold Zouave, when war is O’er Will plant that banner on your grave. Enfold him in the stripes and stars; They will not dim its brightest beam. His blood will tinge the crimson bars Add richer luster to its gleam. One episode in connection with Sun- day School singing in those early days I am inclined to record as worth plac- ing in this category. I attended the Sun- day school in the First Congregational church in Grand Rapids, and I was in the class of boys under the tutelage of “Pa” Post, who was one of Our pio- neers in the banking business and whose knowledge of the Bible was not extensive, but whose joy in boys was overflowing. We loved him and he taught us lessons of life which were vitalized afterward in each of our careers. Dr. C. B. Smith came into the city as pastor of the Second Baptist church and very soon after his ar- rival George Wickwire Smith, his son, became my dearest associate in school. We were constantly together and he induced me to exchange with him. He would come to my Sunday School cass one Sunday and I would go to his class the next Sunday. This arrange- ment worked very happily for a time, but my parents Lecame members of the Baptist congregation and so I transferred my allegiance entirely to that Sunday school. Dr. Smith was really a great preacher. He was full of enthusiasm and always stirred his con- gregation through his utterances to ac- tivity. He had a striking personaity and great dignity of bearing. One Sunday following the preaching service and just before Sunday School should open, which was held in the same auditorium, he mingled with the lingering congregation and with the Sunday school children, and all at once me ora nerve aacttiatat RADESMAN he shouted, “I want this Sunday school to get inito action. We have become too slow and poky in our Sunday school work. I want to have a thrill of joyousness pervade us and I want everybody to start out o-day with a joyful note.” Then he turned to Mrs. Pennell, who was our soprano in church and who led the music in Sun- day school, and said, “Mrs. Pennell, lead us in ‘Hold the Fort,’ and all of you people, young and old, join me in a march around through the aisles of the church as we go to our classes.” And although he couldn’t sing a note, he shouted the words and with Mrrs. Pennell’s beautiful voice to lead us, we all gradually fell into line and walked through the aisles of the church. You will recall the words of that stirring song: Ho! My comrades, see the signal Waving in the sky. Reenforcements now appearing Victory is nigh. Hold the fort, for I am coming, Jesus signals still. Wave the answer back to heaven By thy grace we willl. By tthe time we had reached the last verse, everybody in the church was in line and ‘they were singing and shout- ing at the height of their voices. Per- haps my readers will recall that last verse in the song: See the mighty host advancing, Satan leading on— Dr. Smith saw the humor of the situ- ation and burst out in a volume of laughter and dropped into a seat and laughed until the tears ran out of his eyer, and all the remainder of us joined in the laughter, and it was the jolliest crowd one could imagine. Afterward, even during the prayer service, one could hear an occasional snicker as the humor of the occasion was recalled. We had a Sunday school in our coun- try school house Sunday afternoons, and Mr. and Mrs. Henry Seymour, who were beautiful singers, led us in songs, and the music was the leading feature of the service. In our school district we had a wide range of relig- ious opinions and church attachments. Methodists, Congregationalists, Uni- tarians, Adventists, Spiritualists, Ro- man Catholics, Baptists, Dutch Re- formed and Jews were all represented and all joined in the beautiful Sunday observance. We learned the songs from pamphlets sent out by the Amer- ican Sunday School Union and many sang with joy bits of theology which would not be tolerated in the home teaching. My Uncle, who was an Ad- ventist, said to Father one day, “My children go to the Sunday school and love it. I want them to learn to sing and enjoy it, but it takes me all the remainder of the week to get out of them the religion that is sung into them in the Sunday school.” Some of the standard hymns used in divine worship in my boyhood. included a theology which now has lost its sig- nificance. For instance: I'm but a stranger here, Heaven is my home, Earth is a desert drear, Heaven is my home. Dangers and sorrows stand ‘round me on every hand, * Heaven is my fatherland, Heaven is my home. Fiftieth Anniversary And another: I'm a pilgrim, I'm a stranger, J can tarry, I can tarry but a night. Do not detain me for Iam going to where the fountain is ever flowing. I’m a pilgrim, I’m a stranger, I can tarry, I can tarry but a night. With the most beautiful world we know anything about spread out be- fore us — God’s world—these lines sound strangely inappropriate. Now at an advanced age my memories linger over the songs of my childhood and I can see what a softening as well as stimulating agency music has been in the development of my character, and now in life’s decline it is a joy to recall the songs which embellished life's highway and sweentened associations that linger as gleams of sunshine threading through the experiences of a lifetime. Charles W. Garfield. —_---. Making Home Industry Pay Development of home-handicraft in- dustries throughout the country has been given a decided impetus by eco- nomic cenditions in the last few years. Reports to the Department of Agri- culture Extension Service show that ingenious housewives, both in the rural districts and in the suburbs of the larger towns, have devised many new methods of increasing family incomes. The making of gift articles for sale at Christmas or of souvenir articles for sale at resorts has been especially de- veloped in Florida and other parts of the South. Basketry is one of the most common crafts which has been devel- oped. Baskets of all sizes and shapes, hot-dish mats, shopping bags, chair seats, and clothes brushes have been made and sold. In Florida the coconut palm trees have yielded bark for pocketbooks, shopping bags, hand-painted Christmas cards, place cards and menu cards, cov- ers for portfolios and other uses. The coconut palm has been used in a wide variety of ways in Florida han- dicraft. The shell of the coconut has been polished, and ceremonial dippers, vases and trinket boxes have been made from it. Coconut fronds have been used for making baskets and hats. From the fruit have been made pies, breads, cakes, and coconut butter. Gourds have been grown in many sections as another source of material for domestic industries. Women have raised the matured gourds, and have cut, polished and decorated them into bowls for different purposes, lamp bases, bird houses and toys: Christmas wreaths made from lux- uriant shrubbery to be found in many sections of the South and in other parts of the country have proven a source of income for many families. Tiny shells collected on the seashore have been used to make decorative pictures on tallies, place cards, and calendar pads. Even sponges from the Gulf of Mexico have been transformed into bright nosegays for decorating clothing. Sizable incomes have been added to the resources of many families by tool- ing leather, from making rugs and weaving and from pewter products. Bags, coin purses, book covers, port- folios, key holders, book-end covers, and gold. stick bags in tooled leather are among the products of home man- ufacture which find a market, ata be , ac aie pe Rear cases SSS - ea Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 29 Ce en acre ace real eee I I II IT I IT IT IT IT IT IT” IT NIT OI NIT OT” OT NG GT I GT IT” IT GT GT” IT” TT IT IT TT TT TT I TT IT TT I I TO OT = A The House of Service Rademaker-Dooge Grocer Company Grand Rapids, Michigan Distributors of Peter Pan Peas Bouquet Tea Peter Pan Corn : Ra-Do Teas Every Day Evaporated Milk Morning Cup Coffee Fremont Canned Vegetables Chicken of the Sea Tuna Fish Miss Michigan Sweet Peas American Beauty Oats - Rockford Tomatoes Elk’s Pride Catsup Larabee Flour Big Master Malt Mary-Lou Flour Blue Ribbon Malt The House of Quality TT I TT I TT TF IT IT IT I IT IT IT IT I IT IT IT ET NT NT IT IT IT IT I II I IT I I IT IT GT IT OT OT TT GT OT eae = * eo ste, thie tlt rtllitte thats citi ste then cthinncsthinn ctl cts sti. sthttenatthiinathten stilts tilitinstillinnctiltin aitlliin. tilts ctl tlle tlie .llttnattlitinatlinn tliat cll Allin tllnctlitin tla ctltnn tintin allan allltnatllin tls tills tli, allies ciin..ttin. sie. Serna ap saa aga asd tooa ena Semele ea rated aiatene sana aetrm snot a 4s Peden aieememateoncaeee eae ee ete eee eee ee Aine 30 Making Manufactured Goods Attrac- tive To Customer Why should anyone be interested in art in industry? I know there are some people who wonder why art in industry is a thing which manufacturers have become enthusiastic about. I know they are wondering whether or not it is going to cost them any money to ‘become excited about it. They are asking, “Does it mean that we have to pay more for our dish pans and our shoes, our hats and our houses? Does this art business mean more expense?” These are some of the questions which they are asking, In the first place, everyone is looking for dividends, the manufacturer, the re- tailer, and the consumer. For what are dividends but the return from an in- vestment. We may invest time, we may invest money. Im every case a wise investment returns interest to the per- son who made that investment. It mat- ters not whether our investment be of time, effort, or money. We want a dividend. The manufacturer who is investing time, and effort, and money in making commodities for us to use has a right to get a dividend. The retailer who is investing his time and his effort and his money has the right to get a divi- dend. In both of these cases, this divi- dend is twofold; a satisfacion and thrill dividend from a piece of work well done, and a money dividend. Those who are consumers sometimes forget that in their invesment for food, clothes, and shelter, for furnishings, for everything that they spend money for and time and effort, must also expect to get a dividend. The difference be- tween the consumer and the manu- facturer is that the consumer does not get a cash dividend. His dividend must be had in terms of satisfaction and pleasure in the use of the article in which he has invested. There are four kinds of dividends— there are the tangible dividend’s, value; intangible dividends, which are satis- faction, pleasure, pride and thrill; present dividends in which we expect a very quick response; and future divi- dends ix which our investment is for the future. We must look for all four kinds in terms, not of money, but in terms of satisfaction. In buying an article, no matter what the nature of this article may be, we must look for these four dividends. How then may art or good taste be used to help make dividends for the consumer? How may the activities of the manufacturer along the lines of art in industry benefit the consumer? The answer is very definite. Benefit to the consumer is in greater utiliy through greater beauty. If one were to buy a car, and selected a car which would run and which would seat a sui- ficient number of people in a more or less comfortable manner, even i the car had no tires, nor top, nor wind- shield, nor upholstery, it would still be a car. It would be what we term min- imum function. It would just get by. On the other hand. if we begin to put rubber tires on so that the car rides easily, if we keep the motor in excel- lent repair so that there is great power, and but a slight vibration, if we have heavy upholstery for great comfort in riding, and the beautiful body work so that the car is a positive thing of MICHIGAN beauty, we are then approaching max- imum functioning. It is giving us a great deal more than mere utility. Any article to be really beautiful must have utility, and any article to have maximum utility must be beau- tiful. Beauty applied to the things about us is one of the most useful things in the world. How frequently the manner of packaging some trivial thing which we may purchase or ob- tain gives us a positive thrill in the use of that article. It is more fun to use a good looking thing. One other poimt that it is necessary to consider is the question of sustained or more or less permanent beauty. low frequently when we are shop- ping, we notice some particular item on the counter, and walking over to it, pick it up only to drop it again quickly, realizing that although it attracted our attention, it has mo permanent ap- peal to us. Frequently, we may even purchase the article, and wear it for a “time only to tire of it very quickly and long before its natural and intended life has elapsed. Good art in industry will insure the fact that articles which the consumer may purchase will have sus- tained good taste. The question that confronts the man- ufacturer and’ the individual to-day is that of how to determine whether or not a thing is in good taste. Design should be a matter of rational back- ground more than haphazard unin- formed judgment. Some people who select merchandise are very apt to depend upon their per- sonal whims rather than upon rational thinking and logical information. It is necessary that we have some measure of good taste. Good taste is some- thing hike common sense. Most of us feel that we have at least enough, and vet it isn’t enough. We must train the selective powers. We must know what makes good des'gn. It is the duty of the manufacturer to so carefully plan the design of his mer- chandise that it will give this thrill of ownership and pleasure in use ‘to the greatest number of people. To accom- plish ithis a very real and very professional approach through the use of expert designers is needed. The Massachusetts School of Art recog- nizes this great need, and is trying to follow a program which will add through design more visual value to the things which the consumers use. The manufacturer wantts to please the consumer. The Massachusetts School of Art, under the leadership of the Department of Education, wants to please the manufacturer. We believe that real value can be added to the things that consumers use every day if intelligent designing is done and applied to these problems. We believe that the public has good taste. We believe that we must keep up the standard of that good taste. The public must try to require of manufacturers ‘that permanence of good taste in order that they may ge the thrill of using, the dividend of sat- isfaction that all are entitled to have, and intelligent applicaion of art or good taste to industry and every-day life will bring out new utilities and new values in the things which serve us. John E. Alcott. TRADESMAN Methods Devised to Prevent Juvenile Delinquency The Indiana Committee on Observ- ance and Enforcement of Law has made a number of rather detailed studies in the Indiana Boys’ School and in the Indiana State Reformaory at Pendleton, Our attempt in these studies has been to find out, if possible, from a study of delinquents, what was wrong back home in the State’s com- munities, to find out, if possible, whether some of this delinquency could not be prevented. We have come to a rather interesting conclusions. It is my own opinion, first, that some 60 per cent of the boys, and I presume of the girls, who are so delinquent’ as to be committed to State institutions, can be handled, can be straightened out and made useful citizens, without being committed at all. In other words, there are possibilities, feasible possibilities, of setting up machinery and activities by society which will prevent a great amount of delinquency. number of The typical delinquent, as we found him, I might describe rather briefly as being a boy of rather less than aver- age mental ability, a misfit in his school, maladjusted to the conditions which we have set up for normal and successful children, who seeks, because of this maladjustment, activities out- side the conventionalized schools, play- grounds and other places where nor- mal children are supposed to gain basic satisfaction. Each one of these boys, studied by our committee, has had his ambitions, has wanted success, has desired the praise of his fellows, and has failed in normal lines; so he thas sought other channels where he could win distinc- tion and win the praise of somebody. The average delinquent has come from a home where there has been dis- aster of some kind; either poverty, less than average means of normal satis- factions, from a broken home, where there is either dissension or divorce or separation or misunderstanding. He is of below average mental ability, and in his schoo! record ‘he has been truant a number of times. He has learned to dislike school, because it hasn’t given him out of hfe what his cravings de- mand. He has been on the streets a good deal. He has sought companion- ship. He thas sought excitement in unknown channels, channels not super- vised. That, I think, is the picture of the average deliquent or of the typical delinquent. In addition to all these qualities, he is perhaps easy to influ- ence, has a twisted personality and warped viewpoint. Our Crime Commission, in view of these and other findings, has set up a program which we hope will be of some benefit in decreasing delinquency, and we start with the child and with the home. We advocate, among other things, the establishment of climics, be- havior clinics, menital clinics for the study of children. We advocate the passage of a law requiring that all problem and retarded children in our schools anywhere in the State shall be examined and studied, to secure an early identifica- tion, im other words, of problem and backward children. Fiftieth Anniversary We also advocate a bill which will provide for the setting up of special classes, where necessary, for the study, classification anid speciab training of the retarded child problems. We be- lieve the school should ‘fit the child, especially the problem child, and that the schools should adapt themselves more than in the past to ‘the interests and abilities of the children conta:ned herein. In addition, we recommend that we have a constantly improving type of atendance and probation work in the State of Indiana, When the home is on the break, when conditions are just becoming disturbed, is the time for the State to send its agents and not after crimes have been committed, reputa- tions have been established, habits have been set. And so we urge that we have the highest type of socially trained indi- viduals as probation officers and) at- tendance officer, who can make home conitacts in a way that no other officers can make; that decadent homes be visited and constructive efforts be made to make them fit places for the chil- dren. We even feel that not only should the probation officers and attendance officers be trained social workers, but that every teacher should be a social. worker, be a student of case methods, understand and study the case histo- ries of every child in her charge, to the end that each individual’s needs may be to a considerable extent met, that problems of conduct, problems of at- titude and habits may be solved at their inception. We feel that the school cannot return to the methods of the little red schoo!- house back on the ‘hill. We feel that more money rather than less will have to be put in the schools. We believe that $1,000,000 additional put in edu- cation is better than $10,000,000 put in penitentiaries, jails, parole officers, and criminal court machinery. Donald DuShane. —_2++—____ Things Worth Owning First-class bed. Comfortable chair and footstool. Sharp razor. Good pipe. Comfortable shoes, New-model automobile. Accurate watch. Electric clock. Adequate refrigerator. Good reading lamp. Modern, radio and phonograph. Small library of books worth read- ing. Typewriter in good condition. Ample supply of cbothes. Electric fan. The foregoing items are a better in- vestment than any stock or bond: listed on the Exchange. They pay dividends out of all proportion to their cost. Any one who chooses to go without these common essentials of pleasant living in order to “save” money is making a mistake. A comfortable bed is worth more than four dollars a year which is all that a safe hundred dollar bond yields. William Feather. —_2-.___ Everybody in this world wants watching, but none more than our- selves. Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 31 B y A N S Serving the Wholesale Grocer Trade in Michigan Navy or Pea Beans Dark Red Kidneys ee Light Red Kidneys Potatoes Onions COFFEES i TEAS By Bag SPICES Truck Load Carload & & C. H. Runciman The Woolson Spice Company Lowell, Michigan Telephone 34 Toledo, Ohio 9 Bia al — —_— —_— 7 ar ae ee ee ee ee Oe ge aye 7 gag age ae ae. ae aad Preferred by Both the Consumer and <=<=.The Trade for More than 60 Years (Az VOIGT? 7 Ss -< RESCENT ry £ = “Mothers Delight” FLOUR sk || HYGIENIC : Hatta: We wish to take this opportunity to thank the trade 'Eecetiaes) for their loyal support throughout the years. We trust | that our efforts to serve you and your customers will New Package In keeping with the modern trend of packaging, several products in ee a tes a merit your continued patronage of this old reliable thet we oe 8 ue a ” mill located right in the heart of your own territory. mercnandl . Voigt’s Crescent Flour Royal Patent Flour Hygienic Graham Flour Mark Twain Springwheat Flour Old Time Pure Buckwheat Flour Golden Crescent Cornmeal Voigt’s Crescent Self-Rising Kansas Wheat Flour —Pancake Flour There is a Voigt Flour —Calla Lily _Wholewheat Flour for Every Purpose —American Family —Buckwheat Flour —Columbian VOIGT MILLING COMPANY, GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN a o a eo en en che chin ste chhn thin, tii ctlinstncattinctinnctiinctitizetiinctlitinctitinctiinctiisctintinctinctitnal Fe eee el ale alin an tial nitastiatiatinastinstiie ea ee ae ae 32 EARLY DAY TANNERIES They Followed the Tra'l of -he Hem- lock Tree The history of the early settlement of Michigan is largely the history of its water courses. The early explora- tions came from the Atlantic by the way of the St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes. The first pioneers, trappers and Indian traders entered the state by following the rivers upstream from the Lakes, and the first settlers, who came with their families to make permanent homes, followed the same water routes. The three large streams in Southern Michigan—the Saint Joseph River, the Kalamazoo River and the Grand River —have their head waters pretty well over to the Eastern side of the state, flowing Westerly and Northwesterly into Lake Michigan and, coming in through the valleys of three streams, the largest part of Southern these Michigan was permanently occupied. The first settlers came to the Saint Joseph valley in 1830, to the Kalama- zoo valley in 1831, and to the Grand River valley in 1832. Hunters, trappers and traders came up the rivers several years earlier, but the true settlers, who came with their families with the in- tention of making permanent homes, did not move into central and Western Michigan until about a century ago. It is generally thought that the first manufacturing industry in the pioneer Michigan country was that of the saw- mill. I believe, however, that the tan- nery preceded the sawmill. The first manufacturing operation on the Kala- mazoo River was a tannery, and very early in the history of the St. Joseph valley and the Grand River Valley tan- neries were in operation. Leather was an early necessity. Shoes and harness were required in the very first days of occupation. Skins were available for tanning and hemlock bark was at hand as a tanning agent. Western Michigan from the valley of the Saint Joseph River North was forested with white pine, hemlock and hardwood, Pine had a market in the earliest days, but the hemlock and hardwood timber was of but little value. Hardwood had only a limited market as stove wood and hemlock logs had no market whatever. In the early days of cheap and abundant white pine, hemlock lumber was not used in construction, the sawmills cut no hemlock and great piles of burning hemlock logs were a common sight in Michigan clearings. The bark from the hemlock, however, found an im- mediate cash market at those early- day tanneries which were located at 3uchanan, South Haven, Douglas, Saugatuck, Holland, Grand Haven and Grand Rapids. For the settler, located on other than pine land, engaged in the difficult task of clearing his land and building a farm, hemlock bark provided his only cash income. Ganges, In numberless cases jt carried the early pioneer through the difficult years of settlement and made possible the own- ership of a farm and the building of a home, The tanneries erected in Western Michigan in the middle of the Jast cen- tury were for the most part small affairs, In most cases the only ma- MICHIGAN chinery was a bark mill, and that a primitive tool of small capacity oper- ated by horse power. Later the wind- mill came into use and water power. These, in turn, were supplanted in civil war days by steam. The locations of the tanneries were largely determined by available tracts of hemlock timber within team-hauling distance of the tannery. The timber was felled and the bark peeled in the spring. That portion close to the tan- nery was brought in on wagons in the summer, while the bark more than a few miles distant was held for winter hauling om sleighs. The tanneries in Allegan county— those at Ganges, Saugatuck and Doug- TRADESMAN tug, well known in the early history of the harbour at Saugatuck, the Fannie Shriver, was purchased by the Wallins. Large flat-bottomed, heavily-timbered scows were built, and from the time of peeling season in the spring until the close of navigation, taking advan- tage of all favorable weather, scow- loads of bark were towed from the Grand River valley to the valley of the Kalamazoo, where it was divided be- tween the two tanneries at Douglas and Saugatuck, A large part of the hemlock, which was plentiful on both ,banks of the Grand River in Ottawa county was marketed by this river route. Load- ing stations were established as far up- Van A. Wallin las—had no railroad transportation available, and when ‘the bark within team-hauling distance was used up, there was no alternative but to aban- don the plants and move farther north. One of these plants, at Douglas, which built by Daniel Gerber, Fremont and was rebuilt had been moved to Another plant just outside of Saugatuck, was owned by the firm of C. C. Wallin & Sons. By tthe year 1878 the last tam bark had been brought in. There was practically none left in the Kalamazoo Valley within Plans were there. reach of either tannery. made, however, to reach out to the Grand River Valley by water trans- portation, and for a few years tanning operations were carried on at Sauga- tuck and Douglas by bringing bark down Grand River and up the Lake to Kalamazoo. A fast and powerful little stream as Lamont, Eastmanville and Bass River. A dock at Spoonville also contributed many hundreds of cords of hemlock bark. This traffic continued until about the year 1881, when both old were abandoned, and the tanning oper- ations were transferred to Grand Rap- ids, where the Wallin Leather Co. had been organized and a new tannery built. Almost no bark was ever brought upstream to the Wallin tan- nery at Grand Rapids, however, for in 1882, when this tannery went into operation, there was practically no bark left on the Grand River below Grand Rapids. The bark supply for the Wallin Tannery came by rail from points North of the city. When the Walling were bringing bark down the Grand River Thomas W. Hefferan was a successful and not- tanneries Fiftieth Anniversary able merchant and busniess man with docks, warehouse and store at East- manville. When bark operations ceased C. C. Wallin & Sons sold the Fannie Shriver to Mr. Hefferan, who used the tug for several years, moving logs and other forest products to the mouth of the river at Grand Haven. Mr. Hefferan’s son, T. William He‘- feran, Vice-President of the Old Kent Bank of Grand Rapids, still owns the which, with gilded topped the pilot house of the old Fannie Shriver carved wooden eagle wings outspread, in the days when the smart little craft claimed to be the fastest tug on the West shore of Lake Michigan. Sixty years ago Grand River was, in fact, a navigable stream. The D:niel Ball and L. L. Jenison made daily trips between Grand Rapids and Grind Ha- ven. In addition to these light craft boats the river was in constant use dur- ring the period of navigation by steam their attendant which picked up cargoes of lumber, barges and scows shingles, ties, telegvaph poles and. cord- wood which found a lucrative market on the other side of Lake Michigan. Ten years later the old side-wheeler, the Barrett, was making regular trips Rapids and Granid Haven, and even in the midsummer months there was a depth of water as far up the River as Eastmanville, suffi- cient to accommodate the ordinary tugs which handled the lake traffic, then consisting mostly of lumber schooners which put into the harbors on the Eastern shore of Lake Michigan. between Grand There is very little fall in Grand River between Grand Haven. In those early days, when River carried millions of feet of logs to the mills at the mouth of the river, I often saw the tide flowing upstream Lamont and instead of downstream at points oppo- site Bass River and Spoonville, with logs apparently bound for Grand Rap- ids instead of Grand Haven. This would occur on days when: a strong West wind, long continued, would pile up the waters on the East side of the Lake, and so raise the level of the water at the mouth of the river. As a boy I was sometimes permitted to sail with Captain Upham on. the Fannie Shriver from Saugatuck to the loading stations on the Grand and re- main aboard one of the scows while it was being loaded with bark, awaiting the return trip of the tug. I remember one night, in an effort to get away from the mosquitoes which swarmed over the river bank and the unpro- tected cabin of the scow, Mr. Hefferan permitted me with some of my boy companions to sleep in the hay in his barn at Eastmanville. In those early days the village lad, E. A. Stowe, must thhave been watching that river traffic from his father’s home on the high bluffs at Lamont, perhaps eager to inject his dynamic energy into the activities of what was a real artery of commerce. More likely, however, he already thad’ his eyes set on the growing metropolis of Western Mich- imac. tt miay he his ind was ever then filled with dreams of the day when his editorial name would be a household word in many homes in the cities, towns and villages of the state. Van A. Wallin. Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 33 A House With A History ; Fs ; »} GR Oo ee BL aes = eigen. a piping 1873-1933 -- Sixty Years of Successful Service to the Drug Trade of Michigan GIYL’O We enjoy the courtesy of more visiting buyers than any other Drug House in this part of the country CAWLO HAZELTINE @ PERKINS DRUG COMPANY Grand Rapids, Michigan 34 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary How Feeling of Listlessness May Be Avoided It is possible to buy a certain kind of health insurance by the regular pay- ment of premiums. Th’s insures us against loss of time due to total and sometimes partial disability. It does not offer protection against feeling be- low par and it does not compensate us for loss of efficiency in our work due to headaches, indigestion, rheumatism, and other common ailments that de- crease our productivity in our daily work. The housewife and mother does not carry health insurance. The non- productive younger members of the family cannot be insured against ill- ness. The scientific research activities of the IMinois State Department of Pub- lic Health have been concerned with studying the reasons why certain peo- ple are susceptible to various diseases. Some individuals are poor risks anid some people enjoy a good state of health most of the time. The research work has been conducted upon norma! people to ascertain how they maintain themselves in a good state of health. Curative medicine has been con- cerned with sick people and how to restore them to health. Preventive medicine and public health practice concerns itself with keeping people healthy. The two ‘fields of activity are separate and distinct from each other. The hazards of industrial employ- ment cannot be controlled by the indi- vidual worker. But one’s health is in- fluenced more by what he eats than by where he works. Next in importance are his habits and what he does out- side of working hours. Carrying in- surance against loss of time from sick- ness does not remunerate one for the added expense incurred, nor does it compensate one for the hazards he runs of damaging a vital organ by dis- ease. The best health insurance is good diet and ‘health habits. Food can be classified into protective and nonpro- tective foods. The protective foods are biological or natural foods. They are protective in that in addition to their nutritious value they actually increase our resistance to disease. One should eat plenty of these natural foods, they are the best protection against 1] health. Before the period of industrializa- tion with its accompanying changes in concentrating thousands of families within narrow geographical limits and feeding such densely-populated com- munities, a family could raise foodstuff in a garden and can and store certain foods for future use. Now it has become necessary to concentrate and refine the food before transporting it into these centers of population. The artificial or nonpro- tective foods must be balanced and mixed with the natural or protective foods in order to keep healthy. The following are some examples of the protective foods: Eggs, milk, fresh fruits and fresh vegetables. The non- protective foods include foods such as bread, potatoes, pie, and cake. A meal of meat, bread, potatoes, pie and coffee would not jnclude a protective food. As a steady diet such nonprotective foods will certainly lead to a poor state of health. Most of us lose more time by just feeling bad than by actual illness that causes us to go to bed and call a phy- sician. This just feeling below par and “pepless” is not covered by health in- surance. We make most mistakes when we feel bad, we cost our employer most by not performing our duties properly. We stupidly allow opportunities to pass by us without recognizing them when we are feeling bad. If one eats some of the protective foods at each meal he will be less liable to have such bad days. Excesses in our habits outside of working hours can cause ill health. We must learn to lve in our social com- munity just as we must learn and know what to eat. A great variety of food is offered us, so is there a great variety of amusements and vocational employ- ments offered us in our social environ- ment. The person reporting for work with a tired, lethargic and uncon- cerned attitude is a financial gamble and a bad health risk. Diet or habits or maybe both are responsible for the state of physical and mental exhaustion. We are all familiar with the farm- raised boy who is now our succeeful business man. There is a good reason why this is so often true. The rural- reared boy had a protective diet, he had no chance to get any other. He had his rest at night. No midnight movies or card parties to excite him and break up his rest. Plenty of open air exercise during the day. He built up a foundation by healthy habits that have allowed him to de- velop and carry a mental load in later life. He had fewer bad days, he was not tired so often, few opportunities passed ‘his way that were not recog- nized anid utilized to their fullest ex- tent. He did not have a “pull,” but he succeeded. There has appeared in recent medi- cal literature some reports showing many of the degenerative diseases of later life, such as stomach diseases, high blood pressure, some heart dis- eases, diabetes, rheumatism and other chronic deteriorating diseases, appear- ing in people who habitually eat few protective foods. Analysis of the diet of many people in this group have dis- closed a nonprotective type of diet. Although not conclusive, such reports are suggestive and are certainly sig- nificant in view of our present knowl- edge of nutrition. The best health insurance is a bal- anced diet and hygienic habits. State health agencies can aid in reducing the prevalence of contagious diseases by compulsory noitification, isolation and quarantine. Probably a greater factor for the well-being, health and enjoy- ment of the citizens is the dissemina- tion of sound information upon how to keep well. If one is not up to his usual standard of efficiency, he should think about his diet. He should balance it with enough protective foods to give a wide mar- gin of safety. He should get out in the open air for a walk; sleep in an open window ventilated room. If one wakes up in the morning tired, he should examine himself from a critical standpoint. He should try eating a light evening meal, and should eat only protective foods. He should get 8 to 10 thours’ rest. Dr. Lloyd Arnold. Need To Train Youth For Life If statesmen have failed to prevent a world war anid its ensuing evils, and if business leaders have been too self- centered for vision and too timid for action which might have prevenited dis- aster, where have the educators been alll these years? Why ‘have they not prevented the crisis? Are ithey not in possession of the chief instrument of social control? Bismarck is said to have stated that the Franco-Prussian War was won by the Prussian schoolmaster. The French Repubtic, taking this statement alt its face value, put its schools to the task of developing a generation of French- men who would not let the Germans pass a second time. They succeeded. And to-day, following the same plan, Mussolini appears to be using the school system of Italy to bring up a generation of loyal black shirts. The communist party is without question using the Russian schools to establish and perpetuate a social program devel- oped ‘by those mow in power. American educators do realize that the school is a most powerful instru- ment of social control, but they also know that they serve a people who have no clearly formulated social or religious program to be inculcated in our schools. Consequently, the Ameri- can schoolmaster and schoolmistress have been guided by no effective phi- losophy of education. Accordingly, their time and energies have gone into helping their pupils acquire skills, such as reading, writing and figuring. They have endeavored to make them memorize facts which grew out of the experiences of our people and our race, disregard'ng the prob- lems of the present and their implica- tions to the future. There is just emerging an American philosophy of education which will em- phasize the importance of confronting children with immediate problems. Children will be guided in the solution of these problems with a view of de- veloping in them an ability to meet new situations and a power to think. Few of those who now teach anid ad- minister American public schools have any clear conception of this new phi- losophy, and relatively few of them have been adequately prepared to ren- der more than a mere routine clerical] and administrative type of service. Only within the last quarter century has American education shown indica- tions of becoming scientific in charac- ter, and in many States the American people do not yet demand adequate preparation of those to whom they en- trust their most precious possessions. It is especially incumbent upon: tthe educator to look ahead sinice he has in his classes in 1931 the young people who will be active in the adult world of 1940, 1950 and 1960. Obviously, in a civilization changing so rapidly, as is the present, the teacher’s most valu- able contribution to his pupils consists in showing them how to face problems fearlessly and attack them scienttifi- cally, But the will also need to make some additions to their usual equipment. Surveying the age in which he lives himself, he must select those trends which seem most significant and help his charges to develop in their youth those habits and attitudes which will serve them in good stead in their adult years. In the past such leisure time as a civilization has been able to accumu- late has been pre-empted ‘by a special class. There can be little doubt in the minds of students of society about the disposition of such leisure time in the future. The forces of democracy de- mand that ultimately it be distributed fairly to the advantage of all the peo- ple. This will be accomplished in part by shortening the working week and the working day. But some of it will also accrue to the youth of the Nation in a longer period of formal education. The latter movement will place upon educators the responsibility for work- ing out new methods of teaching and a new curriculum: for education or the secondary and higher levels has never before been offered to other than a small percentage of the people with brains best adapted to mastering books and to a few who can acquire technical manual skills. As new kinds of minds enter the schools new devices in edu- cation must be developed. ' It may ‘be asked what would we do with these boys and girls if by legis- lative enactment we were compelled to take care of all of them in our schools until they were 17, 18 or perhaps even 21 years of age. I offer here three suggestions: The educator to-day must somehow or other keep the young citizen of to-mor- row in school: First, until he can prepare him bet- ‘ter to utilize the leisure time which he will have as an adult; Second, to help him establish the habits and acquire the knowledge which will enable him to care properly for his health in a world; and Third, to afford him information ani the desire ‘to vote intelligently in a social organization which depends on him as a citizen not only of this city. county, State and Nation, but in very fact, of the world, and to enable him the better to do his part in solvinz problems increasingly economic in character and international in scope. William John Cooper. —_~>+-2s____ Too Many of Everything Too many doctors, too many pills., Too many croakers, too many ills; Too many farmers with overmuch wheat, Too many starving with nothing to eat. Too many zephyrs, too many chills, Too many taxes, too many bills; Too many workers without any jobs, Too many spenders who haven’t a “bob.” Too many hollows, too many hills, Too many rivers, too many rill; Too many talkers about our sad fate, Too many war debts upon the old slate; Too many plumbers going back to their tools, Too many asses and too many fools. Too many bankers who have all the gold, But buried so deep it’s frozen stone cold. —_22-___ There never was a looking-glass that told a woman she was ugly. —_~--¢__ He who stops at every stone never gets to his journey’s end. e i. sce GEET e i. ol Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN ete 35 a ON I IT IT LIT LIT IT GT IT IT LIT OTITIS OT OG NI GT NGS GT GT GT GT OGTR OTAGO GT AGT AT NTO A AGT AGT AG AGT OT OG AG AGE AG AGT RT AGT OG AGT OG OG AT AT AGT OT GT GET GT IE I IT IT IT OIE IIT LIT” OIE IIT IT GT GT IT” IGT GT IIE OI” OE NIT IT AT RT OT GT GT OG GT GT TTT NT TO | Eo bos meals & gj ig corsa] eget Sree Cement * Chemicab Quarry Products ,. foundnes rs TENNESSEE THE COMMONWEALTH & SOUTHERN TERRITORY HE territory served by the operating com- panies of The Commonwealth & Southern Corporation is a region of widely diversified natural resources. The important commercial po- sition of the numerous cities and towns served is due principally to certain economic advantages which are essential to successful manufacturing, viz., accessible sources of raw materials, satisfac- tory labor conditions, dependable supplies of power at low cost and direct transportation facil- ities to distributing centers and large consuming markets. This territory also contains some of the richest and most fertile farming sections in the United States as well as substantial deposits of coal and other minerals. Conditions of this character make for progressive community development along sound, permanent lines. For market studies and industrial information in matters of manufacturing locations or branch plant development, the services of the Industrial Development Department are available. Inquir- ies are treated in confidence. Address INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT ih acoican hy & Coal 5B hoyon Mote Cars Fertihzer Form a ~~ SS so See 4 Alummum ¥ E $4 > Steel bron 25) Hf pe ILLINOIS Oomestic Apphaaces Coal & ( Tractors, farm Machinery A 5 U Di : Mixaranaly Motor Trucks 6 Auto Bodies Owrigibleg Sheet % ga % | o~ a oa Building Mada - Reber Lamps ihr 4s, , Products Trucks foper a ye \lono i bp 8S Um, Dy Tonk haar 2 z Cars & LVR tf) Yy tron, Steels Brass Prod Chemicals og OL AO om Bg uM a Cement Transtormers Im, if itn {tae = x Tim, ++____ A Business Man’s Philosophy I wish it were possible to outlaw future debt. Why can’t we let credi- tors collect what is now owing them, but take from them ail legal recourse on future debt? Let all government expense—national, state and city— be on a cash ‘basis. Let industry finance itself exclusively by stock sales. Let all short-term credit be given on a basis of character. Then when we came into the next depression we would not be smothered in debt. The idea is not as crazy as it seems. Some people will say that if we did not have debt we could not have sav- ings. The fact is, there is too much saving. We need more spending, par- ticularly more consumable spending. Under any system, the world lives from hand to mouth. It eats today what it raises today. Rent and interest marely permit some to eat when others are starviing, William Findlay. ! Fiftieth Anniversar y MICHIGAN TRADESMAN | 37 PLANTS AT PETOSKEY - DETROIT - MILWAUKEE - CHICAGO Petoskey Cement is made in one of the Most Modern Cement Plants in the world. You are sure of High Grade Cement when you use Petoskey USE PETOSKEY CEMENT FOR APPEARANCE - STRENGTH AND PERMANENCE Petoskey Portland Cement Co. Petoskey, Michigan 4 4, i : i ai 38 Health Prob'ems Confronting Indus- trial Workers Standardization of production in in- dustry has been the outsanding accom- plishment of the twentieth cenitury in this country. The human factor has been submerged into and has become a part of the machinery. This has led to mass production in industry. But the employe—from the chairman of the board of directors to the unskilled day laborer —is just as individualistic as his ancestors were 500 years ago. Man cannot be poured into a mold in so far as his body functions are con- cerned. The employe has the same inherited patterns of reaction as his forefathers. Metals poured into molds can some- times give off poisonous and toxic gases, such as lead and other sutb- stances. The air in such industrial plants causes illniess, weakness, head- ache, fatigue and mental confusion so long as man must breathe it and work in it. The health hazard is increased. Such examples could be multiplied if time permitted. Man is still an individualist. Talk to him about himself and you have his undivided attention. He is just as in- dividualistic from a health standpoint. He will be healthy so long as he can keep his breathing, digesting, excret- ing apparatus co-ordinated and work- ing properly. Inheritance, as well as experiences, mold these vital systems so that they respond in different ways to even the same stimulus. The mar- gin of safety, or the reserve power, each of us may have in our heart muscle, in our kidney, in our stomach or in any other vital physiological unit of our system varies with each indi- vidual. Early in the nineteenth century many experiments were made in government in several countries. Before the end of the century it was known that dem- ocratic government made really little difference in so far as the life of the ordinary man was concerned. Eco- nontic power became the political power. Many lives were sacrificed dur- ing the early industrialization periods in England and other countries. The introduction of the machine age in industry was accompanied by a clear demonstrat’on of the individualistic na- ture of the human who ran the ma- chine, An employe must be healthy to be an economic asset to his employer. The public health authority knows that from his standpoint it makes little dif- ference if man lives ijn a communistic, socialistic, democratic or monarchical governmented community, he is stil] an individual so far as health is con- cerned. He will have the same dis- eases if he eats an unbalanced diet. Neglect of personal hygiene will be followed by the same epidemics of pes- tilence. The health of a population living in a tropical climate differs only in detail from the health of folk living in a colder, northern climate. Insects live the year ‘round in warm climates: hence mosquitoes and flies are capable of transmitting certain diseases. The digestive diseases are more prevalent in warm climates, such as typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera and such diseases MICHIGAN TRADESMAN can become epidemic and assume seri- ous health hazards. The respiratory diseases are more prevalent in colder climates, such as the pneumonias. These are instances of how climate changes man and makes him more sus- ceptible to certain diseases. Diet still remains the single greatest factor in maintaining health. Malaria, although a mosquito-borne disease, never assumes epidemic or economic importance except in am undernour- ished people. There would be the same pestilence im Illinois if we suffered from famine as so often occurs in cer- tain countries in Asia anid Africa. The technic of living becomies more complicated when man has to maintain himself in a highly industrialized com- munity. He is compelled to pay more attention to his health. The city-dwel- ling man in IMinois does not live quite as long as h's country dwelling brother. He must recognize that he is under a greater physical and mental strain than the rural dweller. The human body has been trained through many generations to adapt itself to certain environments. The simple, but natural, foods have been man’s diet for several thousand years. Refined, concentrated and pre- served fruits, vegetables, fish and meat have been developed within the span of one generation of time. Ventilation in the factory containing thousands of machines introduces new substances in the air the worker must breathe. The artificial illumination. nec- essary for the worker to perform his duties may cause eyestrain, with a train of abnormal symptoms produced by ocular maladjustment. Industrial mass production js here to stay; man must fit himself into this new industrial environment, We can- not pour man into a mold; he is truly individualistic in his make-up. A hun- dred suits may be cut from the same pattern, but the hunded men wearing these suits differ one from the other. Certain broad principles of how to keep well can be laid down and rec- ommended for the average person. He should eat ‘health-giving and disease- preventing foods as a steady diet. He shouldn't be a worrier and shouldn’t follow fads. He should keep himself in health by natural and physiological methods. Overindulgence in. food, play or work causes tthe teeterboard of his body equilibrium to deviate from its normal position. Dr. Lloyd Arnold. —_22>___ Solutions of Many Woodland Prob- lems Where can information be obtained concerning ‘trees—the best trees to plant for timber, means of getting the most out of farm woodlands, where to go ‘to get nursery stock, the best vari- eties of trees for windbreaks, how to identify the various species of trees, . and where to get information on. treat- ment of tree diseases and contro] of insect pests? This information is provided by the Departmentt of Agriculture. The De- partment has published more than 50 bulletins dealing with these probleras. They may be obtained at a nominal cost from the Superinitendent of Pub- lic Documents, Washington, D.C. Where can a person secure informa- tion on the principal! varieties of trees? A bulletin of the Forest Service— “Let’s Know Some Trees” (15 cents), contains a good description of some of the principal trees of California. A standard authority giving more com- plete national data on the subject is the “Check List of Forest Trees of the Untited Stattes’ (40 cenits). Where can the citizen go to get nursery stock? The Forest Service does not supply such stiock except for use in the Na- tional Froests, but it does co-operate with States which have such a service. Almost all the States mow have for- estry departments; and nursery stock for farm, forest, or windbreak planting can be obtained at low cost by writing to these departments. In one year more than 26,000,000 for- est tree seedlings have been distributed by the States for the use of farmers in establishing farm woodlands, and for setting out windbreaks or shelter belts. Trees for shade or ornamental planting are not distributed either by the States or the Federal Government, but must be obained from privaite nurseries. The Forest Service, on request, will send a list of private nurseries which sell for- est trees. Material increases in the number of trees distributed from State nurseries in 'the South is evidence of an awaken- ing interest there in timber as a farm crop. Recognition of the value to farms of shelter belts and woodlands has resulted in constantly growing de- mandis for planting stock in the Plains States. Does the Department furnish infor- mation on raising nursery stock and fighting insect pests and tree diseases? Description of the best practices in raising nursery stock and of the meth- ods of controlling insect pests and tree diseases is contained in a number of bulletins. Information on practically every insect pest and disease affecting trees has been gathered by specialists im various branches of the Department of Agriculture. Information on means of preventing insect damage to shade trees is pro- vided in a publication entitled “Insects Injurious to Deciduous Shade Trees and Their Control” 10 cents). What are the best varieties of trees to planit? The answer to this question depends upon a number of factors. In certain areas of ‘the country only a few species of trees will thrive. Advice on the types of trees to plant in the Plains States is contained in “Tree Planting in the Great Plains Region” (10 cents), and “The Windbreak as a Farm Asset” (5 cents). Similar information has also been prepared for other regions. If it is desimed to plant trees for shade, valuable advice can be secured from the “Planting and Care of Street Trees” ( cents). “Trees for Town and City Streets” (5 cents) is another bulletin on this subject which will be found helpful. “Planting the Road- side” (5 cents) is a publication of the Department which discusses the types of trees for roadside planting. Dioes the Department have pictures which schools may use in studying for- ests anid their products? It has a large collection of photo- graphs which may be borrowed. These pictures are especially in demand for Fiftieth Anniversary school use. It is dseirable for school officials ordering pictures to specify the particular subject 'they wish to illus- trate. The Department will then make ithe selection of the pictures. Lantern slides are also available on the subjects of protecting forests from fire, recreational uses of national for- ests, production of forest products, and species of trees. Miotion picture films on various forest topics are also loaned by the Department. CC. E. Randall, 2-2» ____ A Business Man’s Philosophy An old man with a swell-read and active mind frequently comes to my office to talk. He is fond of thinking about economics and social systems and he wants me ‘to agree with his con- clusions. My inability to agree irri- tates ‘him, but he always returns. The trouble with his thinking from my point of view, is that he imagines a way can be found by which human activity will tbe stabilized. He tells me that hts father had a large familly and modest means, despite which there was no fighting for food at the table. Because there was enough for all, every one behaved. He is unable to under- stand why a nation cannot feed and clothe itself without constant ‘fighting and occasional starving, His fault, as I see it, is that he is seeking a kind of stability that is found nowhere in nature, When one class of our leaders preaches “back to the farm,” they ad- mit defeat and express a conviction that our present advancemenit cannot be mainitained. Another class of our leaders preaches government control, equal distribution, communism, etc. All these are but degrees of stability, and stability thas no place in nature’s scheme. Equilibrium is nature’s scheme and she mainitainis it by the use of power, which is developed from strain, which, in turn, is created by inequality. Nature thas never permitted stability in any form of life. Man will be going dead against nature if he seeks stabil- ity in his own affairs. It ts strain that makes life not only worth while but actually possible, because from strain comes the only available power for individual development. William Feather. —_- The Incomparable Gift All gifts Are sacred things Be it the pristine blade That gave a simple loaf of bread Or in the mete Which fullness brings with Time; Millions of years have come and fled To their eternity Beore beneficent Paternity In his transcendent hour Reveals The blessing of their power. Since man—a day from dust and bone— Beheld an help And heard the calls— Like echoes of his own— Old Babylons, and older still, Sumerian walls Have come and gone; Nor then— At either morn or setting sun— Was yet benown The worth of men Though Life did through long ages run! Incomparable Gift Incarnate Dower As man ascends With God to power, Charles A. Heath. He is the wisest man who does not think himself so. ee No one is so liberal as he who has nothing to give. ? $ ce Oe ee OPEL EA Se NGS ee ~ aN mm on — ~ aw ee: Sapam $ Oy Ce A COON EL Oy Si I aera mr a me we aay UE se - —- ee ee . Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 39 garage Bancroft Hotel Saginaw, Michigan Fireproof, Modern with 300 rooms RATE $1.50 to $6.00 PER DAY EUROPEAN Popular price Cafe and Coffee Shop Garage in Connection with Hotel Owned and operated by BANCROFT HOTEL COMPANY MARKET WHOLESALE GROCERY Gienn S&S. MeCanrnruy CASH KING ® WHOLESALE Grand Rapids, Mich. STRICTLY 39 South Market Ave. Cr O59 We Can Make You Money Our wholesale grocery stock is large and varied. It is purchased under the most favorable conditions and is resold to spot cash customers at very low prices. We solicit an inspection of our stock at any time. You can make no mistake giving us the lion’s share of your bus-, iness. Remember, the cash and carry system applies to every article in our establishment. ——$— A AD ee ee a ne ee a en se eee He GRAND RAPIDS WLLL addddddddududddldldlldldllddilillidllilidslllllhtdbdde UCDUCUUCU CCU URUUD EDA EOD UDR GERUOECD EU REU EE EE ER EOD DED G TED E UD GTDC E EDO E EOE WILL cL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL Now that the Depression is Over Let us think of new ways of attracting customers to our stores. Let us study up-to-date methods of displaying our merchan- dise, practice window trimming (it’s an art), learn from our competitors, the chain stores, get new ideas and practice them. Spend a little time in some of our large 5 and 10 stores. If you need new pricing outfits we have them. Cc. W. MILLS PAPER CQ. 204-206 Grandville Avenue One block South, and one block West of Union Station OTT LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL LLL TATOMUOCCCEELUOUUUUCUOUOGUUEQOGOOUCUQOQUODTREOUGUOGEONCUOQGGQUQUUUQGUUUUQUOUUGUUUQUCUUGOULNQUUOOGUUIQUGUOQGUEOCUOUEEUUEUOOUECUCCUUOUCGUUUUOOUCCCUEECOUOUCCCUS TOU CCCEE CCT ey MICHIGAN ULL llllllllllllldddddllls. 40 VOCATIONAL EDUCATION It Should Be Placed on a Practical Basis In the literature of industrial eco- nonrics frequent reference is made to the industrial revolution, so-called, brought about by the introduction of power and the factory system. It will be recalled that this resulted in a great deal of industrial unrest and established an enormous problem of employment readjustment. It is customary to talk about this industrial revolution as if it burst upon England like a cataclysm, or a hurri- cane, without warning. Few people recognize, however, that since the time of the industrial revolution in Eneland a continual industrial revolution has been taking place apparently without attracting special comment. The experience of the Lancashire weaver who suddenly found himself out of a job because the power loom had taken the place of the hand loom is duplicated every day in our present situation. If it is to render the service it is de- signed to render, vocational education must parallel these changes. It is therefore necessary to know what some of these changes are. In the first place, we have the ever-increasing degree of specialization. We may decry special- ization, we may regret the passage of the old-fashioned, all-round mechanic, but if specialization results in cheaper production, it is here to stay. Once the tractor operator going from farm to farm, for instance, replaces the mule or horse driver, it is not likely that we will return to horse or mule power again. In the second place, we have changes in methods. If the electric locomotive is to take the place of the steam loco- motive, the telephone the place of the railroad telegrapher, or the modern automatic stop-loom the place of the older type of loom, however much we may decry the situation, it continues to exist and we must reckon with it. Again we have changes in materials. It has recently been predicted that within 20 vears buildings will be prac- tically entirely built of metal, and that ceramic materials and wood will be less and less used. If this happens the house carpenter and the bricklayer will be out of a job. Not only are changes continually tak- ing place in forms of specialization, in methods, and in the use of material, but they are also taking place in the form of organization, In the working out of the law of economics the tendency in the indus- trial field is steadily toward the devel- opment of large corporations. The small one and two man producing plant is disappearing. These large organizi- tions create a variety of what may be called specialized jobs which men and women must learn to do somehow. In the agricultural field the drift is to- ward much greater use of mechanical equipment, and the farming of much larger units—toward what might be called manufacturing rather than agri- cultural methods. MICHIGAN Changes are taking place in the com- mercial field also. In the old days the clerk and the bookkeeper were the principal types of commercial workers. Today we have an infinite variety: of commercial workers — salesmen, spe- cialized workers, machine workers, and others: in fact, it has been ascertained that of all the jobs in a modern office only about 15 per cent call for a knowl- edge of typing and stenography. Sell- ing merchandise is now largely a mat- ter of advertising—requiring specially trained personnel, and of salesmanship, and salesmen must have training. Char- acter of merchandise and knowledge oi merchandise have become to a degree scondary in the modern commercial scheme. In all fairness I think it must be ad- mitted that there has been less tend- ency for the program of vocational ed- ucation to lag behind the development of civilization than has been the case with general education. Nevertheless, vocational education us it is now set up under public control can be charged to a considerable extent with the same delinquencies which characterize general education. For ex- ample, we are still concentrating very largely on the teaching of skilled trades in our day schools and to a consider- able extent our evening courses are organized for the benefit of the skilled worker. To what extent are our schools teach- ing trades which are becoming obso- lete? How far they have anticipated, if at all, coming changes, remains an open question. It may be said, fairly, however, that there is little evidence to show that any great amount of antici- patory training—that is, training for jebs which will result from industrial changes, in advance of these changes —-has thus far been considered in our vocational education program, To the extent that it has failed to do this, therefore, the vocational education pro- gram has been a failure. The following suggestions are based upon the above discussion: In the first place, I cannot see how vocational education can render the service that it should render unless it is regarded as a cooperative enterprise. The worker, the employer, the citizen, and the educator must all make their contributions. If the educator alone undertakes to handle the program, it cannot be successful. If it fails entirely under the control of the employer, it cannot be successful. It it fails entirely true if it is controlled entirely by em- ployes. All interested parties must be represented in the control. Not only that, but their contribution must be utilized if vocational education is to keep up with the developments in the world’s work. In the second place, it seems to me that any program of vocational edu- cation which is in any way rigid can- not be highly successful. It must be elastic. It must be in a position to give to practically anyone the form of train- ing that he needs when he needs it. It seems to me that vocational edu- cation must largely serve the purpose that the apprenticeship system did un- der the old conditions. Courses should TRADESMAN be changed to meet modern conditions, but should still have for their essential purpose the bringing together of the master worker as a teacher, on the one hand, and the employed learner, on the other. Vocational education should be in- tensive. When an individual requires a certain form of training he should be given that training completely and fully, and as rapidly as possible, Having considered some of the de- fects of vocational education, as well as some of the demands that are being made upon it, let us ask ourselves the question: How can vocational educa- tion keep up to date? In the first place, how can it deal with changing occupation? Obviously, it can deal with those occupations only in proportion as it knows what changes are taking place and in proportion as it can procure the necessary instructors and equipment for training. This can be done only through close cooperation of employers and employes with the school authorities. How are we going to deal with spe- cialization? Are we going to refuse to recognize it or are we going to so or- ganize our program that individuals who can best work on specialized jobs may be trained for these jobs? How are we going to establish cooperative relations between the vocational schools and the industries in which changes are continually taking place? An advisory committee which is simply set up as a piece of scenery soon becomes innocuous. Experience has shown, however, that cooperative committees of employers and employes who are given a real job to do and who feel that they have a real responsibility become intensely interested and are willing to give their time to assist in the development of vocational pro- grams which are being brought up to date. In no other way, in my opinion, van this be done. Although I am neither a prophet nor the son of a prophet I venture to make a few prophecies as to what will hap- pen in the next 25 or 50 years if the rogram of vocational education devel- ops as it should. In the first place, I believe the pres- ent form of day school will change completely. I believe that practically all preemployment training will be car- ried on a part-time basis—the learner spending part of his time in the occu- pation as an employe and part in school. I believe further that the program which I vision will be one which is exceedingly elastic; instead of lone fixed courses we will have short unit courses, each unit training for a form of specialization, or for some portion of an occupation, so that if the individ- ual drops out of the vocational course he will still have something definite which he can sell in the way of know!- edge and skill. I believe that faculties instead of being fixed, as they are now, will be drawn from the ranks of workers, and that the personnel of these faculties will be continually changed as condi- tions demand. Teachers will be em- ployed when there is need for their Fiftieth Anniversary services, and dropped when there is 15 further need for the time being for the particular sort of training in which they are competent to give instruction Finally, I venture to prophesy that instead of being housed in expensive buildings filled with machinery, tienal schools will be carrying on work all over the community; that 1 will be scattered so as to be readi! accessible to workers and prospective workers; that they will utilize all of the facilities of the occupations repre sented in industries in their immedia: communities; and that they will be so tied up with the life of the community that they will be able to secure expert teaching service as needed and to con- tinually keep with changing conditions. Perry W. Reeves. themselves up-to-dat: Reflection-Insulation for Building The old idea in insulation was for the insulation material to absorb heat and thus prevent its passage into the space to be protected. The new idea is for the insulation to turn the heat rays back, exactly as a mirror turns back rays of light. One reader has written us, to find out whether the new principle has been applied to insulation for building con- struction. And thanks to this reader’s inquiry, we have learned that, for the first time, the new type of insulation is available for building construction. The new building insulation is, I un- derstand, a reinforced sheet of paper containing jute. The surface of this paper is made shiny with a pigment which gives an appearance something like that of aluminum. This new ma- terial can be purchased in rolls 18 inches or 36 inches wide. It is not stretched tight across the studs, but given sufficient play so that it can be bowed in in order to create an air space and give the shiny surfaces a chance to reflect the heat. If they were in contact with whatever material covers the studs, they would absorb rather than reflect. It is claimed for this new insulation that it does a 40 per cent. better job of keeping out heat than does the typ- ical rigid insulation. Chaplin Hoskins. —_2-.—___ A Business Man’s Philosophy A few weeks ago a man who has a reputation for successful investment was awakened from a sound sleep by a telephone call from a woman. She said: “I have ten thousand dollars in cash. Now I want to make some money. Tell me what to do.” “What I’m going to say won't please you,” was his answer, “but if you fol- low my suggestion you'll thank me some day.” Ho told her to buy United States Government bonds with her money and forget all about common stocks. “The purchasing power of your money may shrink in the next five years, but vou’ll be better off than you will be if you begin speculating. At first you would probably make sub- stantial profits, but those profits would be vour undoing. You’d feast on your success, lose your head—and finally lose all your money.” William Feather. ea ” a Fiftieth Anniversary Do You Know ? That right here in Grand Rapids the Richards Manu- facturing Company have one of the finest displays of Plumbing and Heating fixtures in the State. This display is at the disposal of the general public so that the home owner may select proper Plumbing and Heating material for his home. You will find over a hundred different types of bathroom and kitchen fixtures to select from, all KOHLER quality and offered at very reasonable prices. All of the material you select may then be purchased — through any responsible Plumbing Contractor. Be sure to pay us a visit and learn about those beautiful fixtures so that you may make a more fitting selection for your plumbing and heating needs. RICHARDS MANUFACTURING CO. 135 Front Street at Pearl Street Bridge GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Taylor Produce Co. Kalamazoo — Battle Creek — Jackson Holland and Sturgis FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Modern Cold Storage Facilities at All Plants MICHIGAN Lo FIRE AND BURGLAR PROOF SAFES GRAND RAPIDS SAFE COMPANY GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Herren te enn i olivacealbinay aa MINCL AE bolas hel Sa ae tana aa penance ain ina neil aol aad Peerless Glove Company MANUFACTURERS OF LEATHER FACED, CANTON FLANNEL AND JERSEY GLOVES and PEERLESS PROCESSED GOLDEN FLEECE GLOVES. GRAND HAVEN, MICHIGAN “ ret Serna snnapverttnd ry at ih BONNER CO wy Ty te Ad aati is. 1 ie: is the knit wrist in this number. For the jobbing trade—standard for over 25*years. Buy Michig Pe UT en TRADESMAN 41 No. 664P is the knit wrist in this number. King Milling Co. Successful Millers for over 40 years LOWELL, MICHIGAN Every Michigan Retail Food Store is serviced weekly by a Kraft-Phoenix Truck Food Distributor “e SSO OG GT ae Te a No. 637P , One of the best we make, all wearing No. 417T : Made for big hands and rough work. surfaces covered. Best value in a general utility glove. No. 537P No. 564P No. 517T is the knit wrist in this number. an made gloves. A postal card will bring you descriptive list with prices. a or a el cali nel cnn tla ln ll Alina allt line Rian Retention ti Rn A 42 Promotion of Public Interest as Law- yers Obligation No other profession or calling affords such wide opportunities for service to does the Its points of contact are his fellowmen as lawyer’s profession. innumerable. Taking up especially the relation of the public to the courts, perhaps jury service is the most common one in which the public is called upon to take a part. In truth, there is no public duty of more importance which comes to a man than service upon a jury; and yet there is no public service that men are more inclined to shirk and to avoid than sitting upon a jury; and the bet- ter qualified a man is for that service, the more reluctant he seems to grant time and make sacrifice of purely per- sonal pleasures, as well as business, in that behalf. tendered for relief from such duty, and yet it is that very class who seek ex- Every possible excuse is emption that by training and public necessity should be the very ones to respond to the call of duty. I have often noticed that the lawyer is frequently called upon for assistance in securing excuse from jury service, or in evasion in some form thereof. If we are to have the jury trial——and I think we shall never see the day, under our system, when this species of trial will be abandoned—we should guard and use it as a treasured privilege and duty. The recent change in jury service has been the innovation of admission to This privilege was accorded to women co- the jury box of women jurors. incident with their obtaining the bal- lot. It was but an act of common jus- MICHIGAN tice to grant to women an equal privi- lege in the exercise of franchise with men and, therefore, an equal sharing of the obligations incident thereto. I believe that women jurors have improved the atmosphere of the courts. There is less coarse comment and a new decency of language and bearing in and about judicial procedure, which is a movement for the better. Corri- dors and court rooms have taken on a new aspect. Groups of women have brought an air of respect and honor from their fellow jurors, and it gives to them also a new outlook upon life, a view into business complications of the commercial world. Two weeks of jury service is an education, both for the average man and woman, and this makes a_ broader-minded and better citizen. experience The woman brings to the jury box a new point of view, and the consensus of the 12, in my judgment, is more just and more nearly the right than existed heretofore. She is a welcome addition to the jury and brings with her a nat- ural respect of law and decency and good order, as well as her natural sense of justice. Another opportunity for the lawyer to render the highest service to his community and to his fellow citizens is to lend his influence, both as a lawyer and as a public-spirited citizen, to the study of the crime problem that has grown so tremendously in the last few years in this country. The late Chief Justice Taft in a pub- lic address some time ago said that the administration of our criminal law civilization. was a disgrace to our TRADESMAN President Hoover, in his inaugural address, made the subject one of the chief points. Recently, in New York at the Amer- ican Associated Press dinner, his en- tire theme was taken up with the sub- ject of law enforcement. He said, in part: “What we are facing to-day is some- thing far larger and far more funda- mental—the possibility that respect for law as law is fading from the sensibil- ities of our people. “More than 9,000 human beings are lawlessly killed in the United States each year. Little more than one-half as many arrests follow. Less than one- sixth of these slayers are convicted, and but a scandalously small percen- tage are adequately punished. Twenty times as many people in proportion to population are lawlessly killed in the United States as in Great Britain. In many of our great cities murder can apparently be committed with impun- ity. At least 50 times as many rob- beries in proportion to population are committed in the United States as in the United Kingdom, and three times as many burglaries. “No part of the country, rural or urban, is immune. Life and property are relatively more unsafe than in any other civilized country in the world.” The most grievous burden on our government is crime. The expense of guarding against it and punishing it is the source of our heaviest taxes. If we can make its puishment swift and sure, the load of taxation will be great- ly lightened and all of us will feel the benefit. Fiftieth Anniversary It is toward the inculcating in the minds of the people the paramount principle of respect for law that the legal profession should wholeheartedly devote itself. Lawyers should give their services freely and earnestly to that great cause. The acquisition of character is not a matter of chance, but of deliberate training. Sound moral and ethical ideas in the abstract do not result in char- acter, unless they have been put into play in the conduct of life and proper habits thereby established. Character is the only sure foundation for a lawyer’s professional success, since character is the only sure founda- tion for a client’s confidence. No man will entrust to another the defense of his property, liberties, and even life itself, unless he has in that other the most perfect confidence as regards his character. A lawyer not distinguished for moral excellence is like a ship without chart, compass or rudder, drifting here and there without guidance; and high suc- cess for him in his profession is utterly impossible. The nature of his calling is one of trust to his clients and to his community, and without that moral excellence which is character, he can serve neither the social body by for- warding the administration of justice, nor the clients who entrust to him their most important and dearest con- cerns. It is not natural advantages that make a people great; it is character. Character, the most scrupulous in- tegrity, is the first requisite for a law- yer; truth to his client, truth to the court, truth to his adversary. If in his y , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , aie ape Rage ape age ayaa egy gS apy a aS ae a a a HART BRAND Canned Foods Michigan Products GROWN EXCLUSIVELY BY MICHIGAN FARMERS, PACKED IN SEVEN MODERN MICHIGAN FOOD FACTORIES Distributed By Thousands MICHIGAN RETAIL GROCERS THE BRAND YOU KNOW BY HART A Complete Line of Canned Fruits and Vegetables W.R. Roach & Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan i le le el el i ie le ti i titi titi iii ~ slit ti la al i i i ll ill ll li lll alll alll. FERTILE ACRES aon? nite etna nti a } a Fiftieth Anniversary desire to get on he forgets to be hon- est, ‘he is lost—no matter how much money he may make, nor how much material prosperity may attend him. It is the discharge of these duties by the lawyer that will have its influence upon the community for weal or for woe, just in proportion as lawyers measure up to those duties. If the courts are permitted to function so that justice may be meted out to all men, and their decrees held in respect and life and property held sacred, such as consummation can only be secured by every lawyer doing the full measure of his duty, with the single end in view of discharging that duty with the full confidence of achieving the right as he sees it. Robert H. Day, Judge of the Ohio Supreme Court. —_~s >> Merchant Spins Yarns of Eariy Days Having driven a four-horse stage- coach in the West at the age of 13, having cast this first vote when 15 years old, Charles E. Pearson, Fre- mont merchant, is one of the most col- orful Hersonalities in Michigan. Mr. Pearson seems to have a flair for World’s Fairs. At any rate, the one at Chicago made a total of seven which he ‘has attended. He was living in Grafton, N. D., in 1885 when the Cotton Centennial Exposition was held at New Orleans. He was only 24 years old, but he negotiated the 1,600 miles between Grafton and New Orleans. Since then he has visited the Colum- bian Exposition at Chicago in 1893, the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo in 1901, the Lewis & Clarke Centennial, American Pacific Exposition and Ori- ental Fair at Portland in 1905, the Jamestown Tercentennial Exposition at Hampton Roads in 1907, and the San Francisco Exposition in 1915. Mr. Pearson’s adventures began in 1874, when ‘his father sent him from Fremont to a farm near Toronto, where he was to spend the summer with his grandparents. He did not like fanm work and, a week after he ar- rived, he decided to run away. He had $65 which his father had given ‘him, and with this money in his pocket he started out one April afternoon to seek his fortune. “T reached Collingwood on Georgian Bay about 1 o’clock in the morning,” says Mr. Pearson, “and at noon of the same day I left for Duluth on an old sidewheel steamer, the Francis Smith. “We landed in Duluth April 15, and I slept that night without blankets on the bare floor of the immigrant station. The next day, when I had convinced the officials that I was an American cit- izen, I went by train to Fisher’s Land- ing, Minn., where the railroad ended.” After staying a few days in Fisher’s Landing, the young adventurer took the stagecoach to Grand Forks, N. D. Here was the headquarters of a man named C. W. Carpenter, who was man- ager of several Government star mail routes. Mr. Carpenter thad been a friend of young Pearson’s father. So the boy applied to him for a job driv- ing stagecoach. He was hired at $69 a month to drive a four horse coach, carrying both mail and passengers, from Grand Forks to Pembina, a dis- tance of 80 miles. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Mr. Pearson’s recollections of this period are vivid. “The Sioux Indians held a war dance near Grand Forks the first summer,” he recalls, “and I went with a group of men to offer them blankets and groceries to placate them until the soldiers could arrive from Fort Pembina. “In the summer of 1875, I had a strange adventure. Two days were needed to drive from Grand Forks to the fort, and I usually stayed at night at a halfway house kept by an Indian called LaRose. One night, when I was making the trip alone with the mail, I arrived at the halfway ‘house after dark to find everything in confusion. La'Rose’s wife, a halfbreed, was dying and she kept crying that he husband had poisoned her. The room was oe fer the 113-in. wheelbase chassis f. o. b. factory @ Mr. Siebold, in his letter at the right, expresses the general enthusiasm for the International Model D-1. Talk to any owner and you will get the same kind of response. Look into this truck yourself and see how it will meet your own de- livery problems. This truck ig a real buy. Come in and we will be glad to demonstrate. Other International Models up to 7%-ton crowded with kneeling Indians who made me kneel and pray with them. I reported the affair at Fort Pembina. LaRose was arrested on a charge of murder but two weeks later, he and four white outlaws broke jail, stole 20 ponies and escaped into the Black Hills. He was never captured. “In 1878, two railroads, the North- ern Pacific and the Great Northern were built from Minnesota to the Pa- cific Coast. With the coming of the railroads, the mail coach was aban- doned. My parents had moved to Da- kota while I was driving the coach, and I spent my fifth year in the West working on my father’s farm. “In 1879 I went to Grafton and started a small grocery and bakery. “Tt was while I was at Grafton that Another Strong Endorsement for the New Half-Ton International 43 a halfbreed named Reall aroused the Indians in British Columbia to a re- volt, and North Dakota was threat- ened. I joined the militia. We were called out, but the Canadians captured Reall and hanged him, so the Reall Re- bellion was quelled without our aid.” The old stagecoach and the old West are but memories now, but Mr. Pear- son cherishes memories of those days. He attended the World’s Fair to re- fresh these memories. Mr. Pearson is a member of Saladin Temple, Mystic Shrine, and is well known in Grand Rapids. Mrs. Palmer Quackenbush, of Grand Rapids, is a daughter of Mr. Pearson. He has another daughter in Fremont and a son, Charles S. Pearson, in Kal- amazoo. To the International Harvester Company. Gentlemen: As a purchaser of eleven of your new Model D-1 International Trucks, I wisk to advise of my complete satisfaction with the equipment. All the units comprising our large fleet have performed admirably, and we feel more than pleased that our judgment decided our purchase in your favor. My entire sales force reports com- plete satisfaction with this unit. We feel that your Half-Ton International is particularly adapted to our field due to the low operating expense, sturdy build, ease of han- dling, and superior inside body construction. I wish you unlimited success in the further merchandising of your fine product. Vety truly yours, H.M. SIEBOLD. (Name of Company on request) @ Hardened Exhaust-Valve Seat Inserts are an International en- gine feature. They retard valve seat burning, engine efficiency is retained, and the valves seldom need grinding. Details like these spell Jow-cost hauling over a long period of years. INTERNATIONAL TRUCKS a SY "> MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary WHO IS TO BLAME For the Peculiar Conditions Which Now Prevail? One of the weakest traits of human character is that of trying to put the blame upon someone else for each and every unfortunate occurrence in the affairs of life The peculiar conditions of the pres- ent time are constant reminders not only in every day experiences, but es- pecially in our newspapers and peri- odicals in regard to what we call “de pression,” reminding us very thor- oughly of this tendency of human na- ture to put the blame upon someone else. Wt have been told by speakers and writers for newspapers, magazines, etc., that our form of government has been responsible for the present con- ditions. We have been told that Wall street through its gambling processes and the heavy campaign of bond sales- men and their selling schemes are other direct causes for our condition. We are reminded every few days that it is not these things at all, but the extravagances into which all the people of the United States have themselves and that such particular plunged things are the entire cause of it. In other words, every individual has been living beyond what we call “his or her means.’ We are again told that over- production in every direction and the over-crowding of the selling of mer- chandise, etc., together with such things as the purchase of homes upon installment plans of payment, and many other features of business have been severely overdone, and therefore, we have hada depression, And so we might go on through numerous items which appear almost every day in our news- papers especially. It is the writer’s opinion that the time is coming within a reasonable future when all this kind of talk and printing will be dropped and we will probably get around to what might be called “fundamentals.” The truth of the proposition is that we are each and every one of us responsible for the de- pression, from the man who owns a peanut stand and through all the ave- nues of business such as manufactur- ing, wholesaling, retailing and also in our financial concerns, each and every one of us is responsible in some way for our present condition. It is an acknowledged fact, and getting to be more so every day, that all individuals from the peddier upon the street to the operations of the multi-millionaire, have within the last few years become inflated. the idea of accomplishment in the way We were first inflated with of speculation in increasing the value of real estate, stocks, etc., but we were induced through it all to mcrease our expenses of living to an extent that has proven to be far beyond the possibil- ities, or, to be a little more explicit, the majority of American people have fixed their expenditures before they have calculated what their earning powers are or what their imcomes would actually be. A vast amount of this has been in- duced by the incurring of obligations upon partial payments, etc., without a clear reckoning of the safety of the future: and the time has come when each individual must ‘turn his mind to the fact that he has his share of the responsibility for our present condi- As has been stated before, ail the way from the down to the man who owns a peanut stand, this disposition to establish the expense account without reference to the possible income thas not only been individual, but it permeated for a few years previous to 1929, banking insti- tutions, financial groups, manufactur- ing institutions, wholesaling, retailing and even large operators in agricul- tural products In some way we have become inflated with the belief that appreciation of value would continue and that there would never be any such thing as a readjustment of values, and never such a thing as the experi- ences of depression which have occurr- ed previous to the present one. If we will think it through we will realize that this is true and that it 1s tion. multi-millionaire impossible to find anyone in any field of operation except perhaps one who may be called a “hermit” who may have done nothing else for a few years but hoard his earnings, but what has contributed somewhat and in some way to the inflations which brought about our downfall. Now this is taking a rather different angle than we have indulged in before and for a particular purpose, and it is this, that this principle of income and expense belongs to every individual in one form or another. To illustrate what we mean, take, for instance, a man who is occupying a good position with a manufacturing institution, wholesale house or bank, or some such institu- tion. He is ultimately of no value to that institution if he does not take into consideration seriously the question of expenses as against income; because when that is not taken into considera- tion, inflation must take place as a pos- sibility to bridge the chasm. We wiil take, for instance, a wholesale drug house. Every individual in that insti- tution must realize that the success of the institution will depend upon his worthiness to that institution. We have known in the past men who gave no consideration to this thought of what their contacts amounted to in an in- stitution, but the facts are that there must be loyalty and worthiness and such individuals must realize that the institution for which they are working will succeed or fail according to the men who are engaged with that insti- tution. The man who is of the greatest worth is a man who realizes that he is a citizen of the United States, that he has a job with his institution such as he desires, and that he is an integral part of the success or failure of that institution. This means diligence, faithfulness, honesty and a keen interest for the wel- fare of the institution. We have had an illustration in the last few years here in Grand Rapids in a large institution where one man’s extreme unfaithful- ness to his institution succeeded in ruining the entire business. Now what one man or more can do for an insti- tution shows what can be done as cit- izens of this country. We indulged in speculations and methods which were not fundamental and we brought our- selves to an elevation off from which we fell and. suffered severe injuries. We are producing these illustrations simply to illustrate the fact that no one particular set of men is responsible for the depression which we now have, whether political or in business or whatever you may mention; because go wherever we will in this country, we will find that the spirit of the up-grade in years previous to 1929 created a condition in the minds of all American citizens that there was practically no relation between expenditures and in- come, Individually we must get back to fundamentals. We must realize that each one of us has a part in the build- ing of the National structure. We must not indulge in “blaming the other man.” Lee M. Hutchins. —_++ > Protecting Elms From Ravages of Leaf Beetle One of the most beautiful of our shade trees is the elm. Thousands of these magnificent trees can be found lining the roadsides and streets of our cities, towns and villages, some of them having attained an age of from 50 to 100 years. Surely it is worth while to protect such trees. A very serious pest that attacks the elm trees and one that caused defoli- ation to hundreds of these trees in Rhode Island last Summer is the in- sect known as the elm leaf beetle. This is a pest with which we are all well acquainted. It is about 3-16-inch long -and oblong in form. The general color is a yellowish-brown and there is a narrow black line where the two wing covers come together and a broader stripe near the outer margin of each wing cover. The adult elm leaf beetles hide them- selves in crevices or under the eaves or insides of houses or barns, and there pass the Winter in a dormant state. With the warm weather of Spring and the opening of the leaf buds of the elms, they become lively and flying to the trees they feed upon the young leaves and riddle them with holes. The females lay eggs which are orange fn color in irregular rows or clusters on the underside of the leaves and in about a week the caterpillars hatch. They eat only the tissues from the underside of the leaves, skeletonizing them so that they turn brown, shrivel up and fall. Trees are thus often completely defoliated, and elm trees that are de- foliated for three successive years by these beetles are likely to be killed. The elms are likely to suffer from this insect in Summer, as they have during past Summers. It is wise to protect them now because one can not do much with a dead elm. The time has come for systematic protection of shade trees just the same as for fruit trees. We can not grow fruit without making provision for the control of insect pests and diseases, and similar provision should be made for shade trees. Trees that are fifty to 100 years old can not be replaced in less than one or two generations, and surely a magni- ficent elm or other shade tree of great age is better that a recently planted sapling. The cost of cutting out dead wood from weakened trees will easily exceed the cost of spraying for two or three years and the results are not as satis- factory. Now is the time for the owner or community to choose whether to spray or not to spray, for nothing can be done after the trees have died. There are several effective methods of spraying the elm leaf beetle. An im- portant factor to bear in mind is that inasmuch as the beetles feed on the undersides of the leaves, the spray should be forced up through the foliage and not thrown to fall down on the trees as in treating other leaf-eating insects. Spraying elm trees for the control of the elm leaf beetle should be done early in June. Not only elm trees, but all other shade trees are subject to attack by leaf-eating insects during that month. Therefore, it is necessary for all owners of shade trees, and more particularly those that own elm trees, to see to it that hey are sprayed. Harry R. Lewis. _—__> + _-—_ Fitness of Shark for Food Many who would not knowingly eat shark frequently eat and enjoy it when camouflaged as filet or tenderloin of sole or sturgeon. The sale of shark un- der the names of fish more reputable in the family diet is set forth by the Fish and Game Division of the State of California in a report on the food value of shark. A widespread but fallacious belief that all shark are maneaters is respon- sible for the general prejudice against shark as food for the human family. 1 here are not enough people available in the water to feed a shark population, it is pointed out; and if shark had to depend for a living on eating people no shark would survive starvation. While shark and skates are not com- monly regarded as fine eating as some other fish, a fairly large market should be found among people who cannot af- ford the higher costs of salmon, tuna, and halibut. If properly prepared, it is asserted, some of the shark and many of the skates compared favorably with more popular fish. Most of the shark are small, with small teeth. Like most of the fish suit- able for human fare, they feed on smaller species of fishes and on inver- tebrates, which swarm the sea in vast numbers. The basking shark, one of the largest Pacific varieties found in California waters, eats only very tiny marine organisms. Advertising is gradually overcoming the prejudice against eating shark, it is stated. Shark and skates are now sold in fair number in the markets cf San Pedro, and to some extent in San Francisco. In San Pedro the shark are prepared by beheading, removing all the fins, cleaning, skinning, and finally fileting. As steaks they appear on the retail markets, usually under the name of “filets,” and sell from 10 to 20 cents per pound. Fishermen receive about 3 cents per pound. Skates, which bring about the same price, are prepared for the market and sold sometimes under their own name, and other times as “filets.” Both shark and skates may be cooked like any other fish, without any special prepa- ration. eae TRADESMAN Lee M. Hutchins a < oO ee ee oO = F ftieth Anniversary | { 46 FIFTY YEARS OF RETAILING Changes Which Have Marked Chi- cago’s Retail Business Someone has said that anniversaries are especially popular in America be- cause they cater to the prde of achievement and progress. When our present can be shown superior to our past it gives everybody a pleasing sen- sation, There are always those who put the past on a pedestal and bow down to it with reverence. But that attitude of mind has never gained much of a foot- hold in Chicago. We have been too busy making improvements. And alongside the new there has always been left enough of the old to illustrate the contrast in favor of the new. Much of the courage and zest with which Chicago has gone forward steadily improving its conditions is no doubt due to the opportunities for com- parison between the old way and the new which are everywhere in evidence. This is especially true in considering the progress of retail merchandising in Chicago during the past fifty years. There have been innumerable changes and most of them have been for the better. Few would be willing, all things considered, to exchange anything that is truly representative of the present day at its best for that which corre- spond with it fifty years ago— or, for that matter, a much shorter period of time. Retail merchandise is always a good cross-section of civilization at any given time or place. The market place has always been the great popular meeting place of the people of every land and time. It is inevitably so — the meeting place of supply and demand, the pri- mary reason for the existence of cities. A retail store is the first form of busi- ness in every new village. The indus- try of retailing grows up with every community. When changes come, as they always must come, they concern commodities and equipment and means of transpor- tation; but human nature does not change. It comes to the retailer, to-day as it did fifty years ago, with its de- sires and demands for comfort, utility, beauty, fashion, novelty, value, service. Popular ideas of what will best serve these elemental needs change with the years, and the changes in retailing re- flect these changed ideas. Fifty years ago it took nine yards of cloth (or was it twelve?) to make a woman’s dress, and to-day it takes five yards (or pssibly three). One might think that retailers would deplore that fact, but more dresses easily make up for the difference. Styles change and bring a demand for new goods; and apparel is always a conspicuous and important factor in retailing. Chicago fifty years ago, in 1881—ten years after the great fire—was rebuild- ing itself on a more solid basis than before. The temporary and faulty structures that went up immediately after the fire were being replaced by better ones, some of which are still do- ing service on some of our principal streets, although most of them have been succeeded by two or three subse- quent layers of new buildings. The MICHIGAN TRADESMAN “new Chicago” of 1881, as it was then popularly called, had little to suggest the “new Chicago” of to-day. The concentration of the retail dis- trict in the downtown area, and espe- cially on State street, was due at first in no small degree to the difficulty of clearing away the vast amount of de- bris left by the fire. The first areas to be cleared were soon occupied by retail stores, and the idea of a central retail district took a firm hold upon the city. In more recent years there has been a vast spreading out towards outlying districts and suburban communities. This early concentration of business in the central district gave an impetus to taller buildings, and lines of trans- portation were developed to serve the compact areas thus created. But the residence districts were not so far away. Among the firms familiar to the shoppers of to-day which were active and conspicuous in Chicago retailing fifty years ago are: Marshall Field & Co., changed only that year from Field, Leiter @ Co., occupied a six-story building at State and Washington streets, with its fa- mous mansard roof. Mandel Brothers on Wabash avenue. Schlesinger & Mayer opened a new store that year at State and Madison streets. This was later succeeded by another building which in 1904 was purchased by H. G. Selfridge & Co., and later that year was purchased by Carson, Pirie Scott & Co. Carson, Pirie & Co., in 1881, were located at Madison and Peoria streets, insisting in every advertisement that “It pays to trade on the West Side.” Later this firm moved to State street and was located on the southwest cor- ner of State and Washington streets, where they remained until 1904, when they moved to their present location at State and Madison streets. Madigan Brothers, then as now, were located on W. Madison street. Geohegan & Revell, which after- wards became A. H. Revell & Co, were at Randolph and Fifth avenue, now Wells street. John M. Smyth was also, then as now, located on W. Madison street. Partridges, which was afterwards sold to Charles Netcher and became the Boston Store of to-day, was then at the same location. The Fair was at its present location under other ownership than at present. Burley & Tyrrell were at 83 State street. Lyon & Healy, even then featuring the long famous script signature with the big L, were at State and Monroe streets. Charles Gossage & Co., an outstand- ing store of the period, later merged, were on State street. Tobey Furniture Company was where the Pittsfield Building now stands. C. D. Peacock was at State and Adams, opposite the Fair. The Golden Eagle Clothing Com- pany, afterwards purchased by Brown- ing, King & Co., was an active con- cern of the period. Other concerns of the period well known to-day were: John T. Shayne. John Colby. Wilson Brothers. Juergens & Anderson. Gunther’s Candy Store. S. M. Rothchild. These concerns, which represented the leading retail interests of Chicago fifty years ago, although then doing business on a much smaller scale than in later and more recent years, were nevertheless laying a broad foundation of public confidence and a reputation for quality merchandise and square dealing which has always been an out- standing characteristic of Chicago’s re- tailing activities. It is true that even the ethics of Chicago retailing have improved with the years, partly because of an in- creased recognition of what were the more worthy practices, and partly be- cause it was found that the constant return of satisfied customers was the only key to successful retailing. Many practices which were consid- ered good business fifty years ago would be dismissed to-day as unworthy of use. Perhaps the chief factor in bringing this about was the early and continual insistence on the policy of “satisfaction guaranteed or money re- funded.” Probably no city in the coun- try has quite equaled Chicago in main- taining this policy in retailing. While the growth in the volume of business, due to the increase in the size of the city, has been the outstand- ing fact in Chicago retailing in fifty years, many other changes are worthy of mention. With the increase in business and the need for new buildings there came new fixtures and equipments; better arranged stocks, better show cases, display windows; better elevators, bet- ter lighting, better ventilation; more artistic signs; better and more artistic advertising; better conveniences and accommodation facilities; wider and wider areas of free delivery of mer- chandise —in a steady and unbroken series of steps through the years. State street, always the principal re- tail shopping street of Chicago, in the eighties and nineties, and down to a later period had to share its frontage with numerous saloons, burlesque vau- deville houses and later with nickelo- deons with their crude and lurid pos- ters, all of which made the street far less attractive than it is to-day. As late as 1900 it was the custom of some of the less dignified stores to bring innumerable bolts of dress goods and other merchandise out to the street edge of the sidewalks and claim the attention of passersby with large plac- ards and vocal advertising. It seems difficult to imagine our dig- nified State street of to-day ever hav- ing been the scene of such activities, but many persons with good memo- ries will have no difficulty in repro- ducing the scene. The vast business once done in dress goods by the yard eventually made way for the ever-increasing pop- ularity of ready-to-wear apparel. In the eighties and nineties yard goods occupied the first floor of every leading dry goods store: and it is said there were more dressmakers in Chicago at that time than today, although the city has increased five or six times in pop- ulation. Fiftieth Anniversary Horse and wagon deliveries over eight square miles of free delivery areas eventually gave way to motor truck deliveries over a 250 square mile area of city and suburbs. Michigan avenue, once the outstand- ing street of homes, gradually gave way to stores and shops and tall buildings which have given it a strictly business character. The upbuilding of retail stores in the outlying districts of the city and sub- urbs during the past twenty or thirty years is one of the notable develop- ments of the half century of Chicago retailing. Brilliantly lighted and artistically trimmed show windows, so long a conspicuous feature of Chicago retail- ing, are to-day so much a matter of course that it seems difficult to realize that for generations Chicago mer- chants but meagerly appreciated this form of display. Newspaper advertising of retail stores, which to-day is an outstanding characteristic of retailing, was a com- paratively small affair fifty years ago. A half column of space, mostly with- out prices, listing from three to ten de- partments and their offerings, was a characteristic advertisement of even the largest stores of the period. Few, if any, illustrations were used. The process of photo-engraving, by which advertisements of today are il- lustrated, was not yet even a projected invention. Wood engraving was at the height of its development, but it was considered too expensive for advertis- ing purposes, It would be difficult to suggest any factor in retailing which has not been materially changed, either in charac- ter or in magnitude, during the past fifty years, and, as previously stated, practically all of these changes have been decidedly for the better. To-day the feeling of improvement is the order of the day and hardly a week goes by that some new step is not taken to improve the industry of retailing in Chicago. But the room for improvement is still much in evidence and it cannot be doubted that in another fifty years much that passes muster to-day or even ranks as a thing of pride will be considered rather crude and inefficient. To look backward with satisfaction helps to stimulate looking forward with vision and determination. David M. Yates, Gen’l Mgr. Marshall Field & Co. —_>++—___ A Texas department store has open- ed a “Properteria” department for sell- ing real estate. Minute movies of eac’ property permit prospects to view as many as 100 homes without leaving their easy chairs in the new depart- ment. Another new merchandise de- vice employed is a display unit which shows details of each property, includ- ing a map which reveals the character of the neighborhood, transportation, school and church facilities, a photo- graph of the house from the street, and a sketch of the house interior. — +> A new striping tool for painting automobile bodies, etc., carries its paint in an aluminum cup, has a guide which, it is said, can be adjusted to take any type of molding or flat surface. a ' erin in annette see e . ON aba Soe ‘ ' eee ee e . ON aba Soe Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Se I I I OT I IT I I TT I TT IT TT aT” som Where do we go from here? The John L. Lynch organization heartily congratulates the Mich- igan Tradesman and its editor, Mr. E. A. Stowe, on the Golden Anniversary of the founding of this indispensable paper. We believe Mr. Stowe’s record is unique as the editor and pub- lisher of Michigan’s leading busi- ness weekly, both in length and quality of service. We wish for Mr. Stowe and his paper a long continuation of life and useful- ness. ae a ro, Woy . a oy y SA ; F zu WA ee @) TMOW that the smoke of the battle of the “codes” is clearing, the big question is — what's the next move? The next move is to create business. Retailers and wholesalers must MOVE ‘THE GOODS if they are to survive and prosper. The same old markets are waiting to be sold in much the same old way. Human nature hasn't changed. It’s as quick to take advantage of “bargains” as it ever was. To MOVE THE GOODS today requires a good deal of vital, extra pressure. It takes shrewd brains and sound merchandising sense. It must avail itself of ability that has been tried and tested on the proving ground of practical, down-to-earth merchandising ex- perience. For nearly thirty years the John L. Lynch Organiza- tion has been serving the nation’s leading wholesalers and retailers in the capacity of special sales directors. We have directed inventory-reduction, business-build- ing and complete liquidation sales for many of the country’s largest establishments. Our reputation is firmly established. Our record is an open book. If you are eager to “go places’ during the next six months, we think you will be interested in a confi- dential examination of facts and figures which we are prepared to submit to you, and which have a very important bearing on your business regardless of its size and location. Correspondence is invited. You will not be obligated. JOHN L. LYNCH SALES COMPANY MURRAY PUeFrPL OPIN G GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN 48 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary GOOD QUALITIES OF LARD Most Satisfactory Shortening for Many Purposes I am very pleased to have this op- portunity of writing about lard to a group so vitally interested in that prod- uct. I hope to accomplish several things in the space allotted to me. First, I will give you my conception of the attitude of the trade, particularly the bulk trade, toward shortening in general, Second, I will cover the prin- cipal baked products consumed by the American public, giving you so far as I can, the facts concerning the use of lard in each product. During this dis- cussion, | would also like to present some rather radical ideas with respect to the attitude of the consuming bulk trade toward proper quality necessary in such products as cake to satisfy the housewife. And in conclusion I will take the liberty of making several sug- gestions which I believe will be help- ful in our efforts to elevate lard to its proper place in the shortening field. The history of the various baked products which we consume is very interesting, and the correlation of this history with the trend in shortenings is instructive. Let us first consider bread, which is the most important of the bakery prod- ucts. Not so many years ago, over 8) per cent. of the bread consumed in this country was baked by the house- wife in her kitchen. The commercial shop had to be satisfied with the re- maining 20 per cent. of the business. This condition was not, of course, con- ducive to profit in the baking business, so the leaders of the industry deter- mined to find the reason for such an uneven division of the bread produc- tion and, if possible, change it. What they accomplished is now history. At the present time 80 per cent. of the bread production comes from the com- mercial shop and the remaining 20 per cent is baked by the housewife. This ratio may be only approximately correct at the moment because of the present economic situation, with its effect upon the family budget, and the tendency among some bakers to fe- duce quality in competitive wars, which can only spell failure for the participants. It does, however, repre- sent the average division over the past fe wyears. It is important for us to note here that the baking leaders found that the housewife was making her own bread because the quality of the commercially baked product did not satisfy those who sat around her table. Steps were taken to improve the prod- uct. This was brought about by im- provement in quality of all ingredients used and, more important, by improve- ment in manufacturing procedure and control. Science was applied to bread making with the result that the qual- ity of the product soon reached a point where the housewife felt she could buy and be satisfied. Now, by way of comparison, let us turn our attention to the production of cake, which probably ranks second in importance among bakery products. The manufacture of cake is a compar- atively young industry and is in the same condition relatively as the bread industry was years ago. Today over 80 per cent of the cake consumed is produced by the housewife. The bak- must be satished under present conditions with less than 20 per cent. of the potential market. The ing industry reason for this condition is again found in quality of product offered. Prac- tically everyone connected with the baking industry will concede that the housewife bakes rather than buys cake because of the fact that the bakers’ products lack something which her kitchen baked cake has; and it is this something which accounts for the large amount of cake which comes from the kitchen ovens. You will note here al- most an exact parallel so far with the bread situation previously described. But now let us consider briefly the steps which hhave been and are being taken to capture the large potential cake vol- ume for the commercial shop. You will recall that the quality of bread was brought up to the housewife’s re- quirements by the application of sci- ence to bread ingredients and methods of production. There is considerable doubt in my mind whether this same procedure, so successful with bread, is g followed in the work which is being carried out in the interests of bei ~ cake. The growth of the cake business, comprising now only a small percent- age of the potential possibilities, has been practically coincident with the de- velopment of the hydrogenated vege- table oil shortening. Many of our pres- ent ideas and theories concerning the production of cake, as well as other originated sources interested primarily in bakeshop products, have from the production of this type of short- ening. Such qualities as creaming power, water-absorbing ability, and bland flavor have come into promin- ence, possibly not because of their particular desirability for the produc- tion of the most satisfactory products, but because they are inherent proper- ties of shortenings available for exten- sive advertising campaigns. I offer, therefore, the suggestion that the in- vestigation of cake problems has been led along the lines of endeavor partic- ularly advantageous to hydrogenated vegetable oil shortening rather than along the lines followed successfully in the bread field; namely, the scien- tific investigation of the qualities and production of the baked product itself. Whether this assumption be right or wrong, there is ample evidence that no inroads have thus far been made on the 80 per cent of cake pro- duction handled by the housewife. This indicates to me that the line of attack may well not be the proper one. I shall discuss this particular phase of the question more in detail when we con- sider the use of lard in the production of cake. My purpose in presenting the material so far covered, which really has no direct connection with the subject given me, is to build a back- ground for some possible good qual- ities of lard which we do not at pres- ent advocate generally and persistently to the trade. I have stated that the de- velopment of the hydrogenated oil shortening and the cake industry cover serious about the same period of time, and have inferred that present cake qual- ity has been made to fit in with hydro- genated vegetable oil shortening prop- erties rather than developed from the standpoint of producing the house- wife’s product. As an indication of this, let me call your attention to the qualities of the ideal shortening as they have been presented to the baking trade for the past 15 years by the ac- tive advocates of such products: (1) Color—glossy white. (2) Flavor—bland., (3) Smoke point—high—450 deg. I. or better. (4) Creaming qualities — must cream light and hold volume. (5) Water holding capacity (emul- sification)—-must emulsify with the water of the batter. (6) Keeping qualities—must main- tain its original desirable flavor for an appreciable time in the cake or other products in which it is used. (7) Consistency (plasticity)—must incorporate properly in the mix. (8) Uniformity. The baking industry at present has been led to accept these properties as essential to a successful cake shorten- ing, and, what is more important to lard producers, these same properties are being represented as essential to the production of all baked products. This brings us, if you please, to the consideration of the principal bakery products. We shall have time to con- sider briefly, only, bread, pie, crackers, deep fat frying, and cake. All of the material which I shall cover in connec- tion with these several products is pre- dicated on the theory that each par- ticular shortening has its own partic- ular place in the production of baked products where its use for one reason or another is especially advantageous. I am not going to ask you to depend on my word alone for this, but shall present some rather decisive proof that the theory is correct. I shall quote you authorities from the baking indus- try itself, representing companies well equipped with laboratory and _ testing facilities, so that they may determine definitely what is best for their bus- iness. Their statements made under oath in a hearing before an offi- cial body in Washington and repre- sent, as I see it, not opinion but fact developed from experience and_ re- search, were Lard is the best shortening for use in the production of bread. It was, in fact, formerly considered the stand- ard shortening in bread work. When the subject was discussed at conven- tions and bakers’ meetings, lard was accepted without question as_ the leader, and comparisons were made with it as such. Any change which may have occurred with respect to this situation has resulted from successful selling of the all-purpose shortening idea with the characteristics as noted, rather than from better quality pro- duced by fat other than lard. The percentage of shortening used in bread will vary from two to three per cent., based, as the baker calcu- lates percentage, on the basis of the flour. The total score or quality of the loaf improves very rapidly up to two per cent. The rise is quite gradual be- After thre per cent., there is a quite rapid decline. The small tween two and three per cent. percentage of shortening present in bread does not permit of any startling effects upon the loaf. There is, however, a notice- able improvement in the character of the crust with the increase in shorten- ing content. The extreme brittleness decreases with the addition of short- ening and is replaced by the much de- sired pliable crust which results from the lubricating action of the fat. The texture of the crumb is also improved, with a slower improvement with addi- tional amounts. Lard is probably slightly superior to other shorteninys when considered in connection with character of crust and texture because of its longer plastic range, insuring sat- isfactory mixing under varying con- ditions of handling, and also because of its greater shortening power. But the chief advantage of lard in bread work is found in its flavor. The fla- vor of the lard does not, of course, carry through as such into the finished loaf. Neither does the flavor of salt, sugar, malt, or yeast. All, however, contribute their bit toward the final flavor. I maintain that a loaf of bread made with lard is superior, from the flavor standpoint, to a loaf made with bland shortenings. Let me offer evi- dence at this point, consisting of sworn statements made by representatives of two of the largest bread baking com- panies in the United States: I. Director of laboratories of a large baking chain with plants located throughout the oath: country says under Q. Do you consider that there are certain purposes for which lard is especially suitable? A. Yes, for instance in the produc- tion of bread and rolls. Q. Will you please state why you consider lard especially suitabl- for the production of bread and rolls, A. Primarily because of the partic- warly fine flavor which it in- parts to those products. II. Manager Production, of of Cake another nation-wide system of bakeries, says under oath: Sales and Q. Please explain fully in what de- partinent lard is used in your company and the reason for its use therein. A. We use it almost exclusively in our bread products and excli- sively in our main bread produc’. It is used because hydrogenatel vegetable oil shortening will not give the desired flavor and char- acteristics that we desire to hav: and which the business has bec2 built upon. Q. Do you regard lard as a short- ening which is peculiarly suitabl> for bread? A. We do. I am quite sure you will agree with me that there is very good evidence to the effect that lard and not the so- called ideal, all-purpose hydrogenated oil shortening is, as stated previously, the best shortening for bread work. ¥ Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 49 MEMBER WE DO OUR PART Hi-Grade \ Insecticides Quality Guaranteed Sanitary Non- Poisonous TANGLEFOOT FLY PAPER A famous fly catcher, sani- tary, non-poisonous and eco- nomical. Ideal where food- stuffs are exposed. Packed 50 double sheets in display carton, 5 cartons to a case. TANGLEFOOT FLY SPRAY A clean smelling powerful insec- Kills moths, quitoes, roaches, ants and certain ticide. flies, mos- other insects. Packed in various sizes. Also packed in bulk. TANGLEFOOT FLY RIBBONS sell better be- cause they are made better—easy to pull out, neat in appearance, wonderfully efficient, long lasting. Thumb tacks come with them. Attractively and conveniently packed in car- tons like one illustrated at the left. They will prac- tically sell themselves. Packed 100 ribbons in display carton. 10 cartons to a case. Made by American Labor and a Profitable Item for Every Retailer THE TANGLEFOOT COMPANY GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Now a Wider Choice of DELICIOUS HEINZ SOUPS OPENS A PROFITABLE NEW MARKET TO GROCERS In response to country-wide demand for more of the famous Heinz Homemade Style Soups, Heinz now offers a wider range — 15 varieties in all — each fully prepared, ready-to-serve. These new Heinz Soups open up an en- tirely new market among discriminating customers. They are welcomed in the finest homes — served in the most exclu- sive restaurants. To progressive grocers, Heinz Home- made Style Soups offer an exceptional opportunity for sales and profits. Force- ful advertising is directing buyers to your store as the place where these delicious new foods may be obtained. Be sure to stock them now for the increased fall and winter trade. H. J. HEINZ COMPANY 15 KINDS HEINZ HOMEMADE STYLE SOUPS 50 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary Approximately three-fourths of the desserts served to men in hotels and restaurants are said to be pie. This proportion does not hold true in the case of women, as the estimate claims only one-quarter for them. It appears again that the woman is not sold on the quality of bakers’ praducts. Pie crusts are mixtures of flour, shorten- ing, water, and salt, with the shorten- ing present in percentages which varv from 30 to 100 per cent. on the basis of the flour. Lard is the best shorten- It has three om- standing advantages in the production of pie crusts. First, the flavor of lard crusts is far superior to that produced ine for this work. by bland shortenings; second, the act- ual shortness resulting from the use of lard is considerably nounced than that found from other shortenings; third, the plastic range more pro- of lard is considerably longer than that possessed by other shortenings, which permits the satisfactory mixing of the pie dough at cool temperatures, a procedure which is acknowledged by all of the best informed of the baking industry as productive of the most satisfactory crust. The first advantage is, of course, subject somewhat to per- sonal likes and dislikes and has lost some ground in late years because cf the propaganda favorable to the bland, all-purpose shortening. Most unbiased pie bakers, however, will say that the lard crust is desirable from the stand- point of flavor. The second advantage has been proven by scientific methods, making use of instruments of various types known as shortometers. These instruments measure the actual short- ening power, especially in those mixes where the fats act in a lubricating ca- pacity only, and show definitely that lard has from ten to twenty per cent. more actual shortening power than the hydrogenated vegetable oil products. I might point out in connection with the third range, that the manufacturers of hy- drogenated oil products have worked for vears without success to duplicate the plastic range of lard in their prod- uct. advantage, namely plastic Director of Bakery Research, of a large bakery, says under oath: Q. Please state the principal pur- poses for which lard is used in the baking industry (based on experience with present com- pany). A. Lard is used in the manufactur- ing of bread as well as pies. Q. In pies, I assume you mean the crust. Yes. > Q. Do you know whether hydrogen- ated vegetable oil shortenings are used in the manufacture of pie crust? A. I couldn’t say as to that. In my experience of 15 years I have never used them. Q. You never used them. A. No. We always use lard. It gives you a better crust and people don’t get away from lard in the making of it because the house- wife can very easily determine a pie made of any other fat. Now, let us turn our attention very brieflfly to crackers. Flavor and superior shortening power are the qualities which make lard the best shortening for the man- ufacture of crackers. This baked prod- ucts is made from a yeast-raised dough and is baked in thin sheets to a dry, crisp wafer. The shortening used acts as a lubricant surrounding the various particles of other ingredients, such as the flour. It is common knowledge in the cracker field that lard will produce a crisper, tastier cracker than any other fat. Shortometer have proved conclusively that the lard cracker is shorter and therefore more pleasing tests from the standpoint of that quality best described as “chewability.” A shortening to be. successful in cracker manufacture must have good keeping quality. Good lard does have good keeping quality. I have seen crackers made from lard which were over one year old and still sweet and without trace of rancidity development, On the other hand, I have seen crack- ers made from lard which became ran- cid in 6 weeks’ time. I have also seen crackers made with hydrogenated vegetable oil. product which were de- cidedly rancid after storage for % weeks. I make this claim with respect to keeping quality of shortening in connection with the production of crackers: Furnish the manufacturer with lard meeting the specifications necessary for his problem and it will prove entirely satisfactory. His re- quirements are severe and he should have the highest quality of lard made. You will note that the hydrogenated vegetable oil shortening producer makes a special product for this work. The lard producer can furnish a suit- able lard by accepting and following the proper specifications. Non-uniformity has been the prin- cipal argument against the use of lard for crackers. This condition is, how- ever, largely a thing of the past and uniform product can be furnished, and is being furnished, by strict adherence to correct standards. Director of Research and Develop- ment of one of the progressive baking companies, said under oath: Q. Is there any one shortening that is a universal shortening or do the different shortenings occupy distinctive places in the baking industry? A. Different shortenings occupy dis- tinct and different places. Q. Where do you use lard as a shortening? A. We use it in biscuits, crackers, cookies, bread, and other yeast leavened doughs. Q. Is it your practice to substitute one kind of shortening for an- other? A. No. We use each class of short- ening for the purpose to which it is best adapted in the baking industry. We have now covered bread, pies and crackers. The feeling in the bak- ing industry toward lard for these purposes is still somewhat favorable in spite of the lack of support given it. This feeling does not exist, however, toward the use of lard for the pro- duction of either doughnuts or cake, and if we are to admit the correctness of the existing unfavorable attitude in these particular instances, then we should dismiss these two products with the simple statement that lard is en- tirely unsuitable for them. But let us consider the matter carefully and see if we cannot find justification for the use of some lard in the manufacture of doughnuts or cake. Shortening is used in the dough batch and also as the frying medium in the frying of doughnuts. For the sake of convenience only, the baker prefers to use the same fat in the dough as he uses in the frying kettle. The fat used in the dough does not appre- ciably influence the flavor because of the spices and flavor usually used and because of the relatively small percent- age of fat present in the dough itself. This is not the case, however, with the frying fat; because approximately 20 per cent. of the finished doughnut 1s fat which is absorbed during frying, and this amount does exert an influ- Now we are in- is the ence on the flavor. formed that 385 to 395 deg. F. proper frying temperature and that 3 ounces of fat per dozen is the proper absorption. I am not going to say definitely at this time that this in- formation is incorrect. But I am going to ask this question: Were these in- structions arrived at in an investigation intended to produce doughnuts com- parable to those made by the house- wife? Well, Mary Meade in tthe Chi- cago Tribune says to fry at 350-356 deg. F.; Everybody’s Cook Book says 300-370 deg. F.; The Household Searchlight Institute says 365 deg. F.; Mrs. Peterson’s Simplified Cooking says 370 deg. F.; Belle Lowe in Ex- perimental Cookery says 350-355 deg. F. Why the appreciable difference be- tween these directions and the present commercial practice? The correct an- swer to this question might be ex- tremely interesting to producers and merchandisers of lard. Doughnuts can be fried in lard un- der the proper conditions of frying. I personally like the product so made. It is true that they will have more than the three ounces of absorbed fat. But so do those produced by Mrs. House- wife. It is true that they will have evidences of lard flavor. But a great many people like this flavor and pre- fer the doughnuts carrying it. The majority of those who dislike the fla- vor did not come to that opinion of their own accord, but were led to it by the persistent presentation, in one way and another, of a certain type of shortening. I know of a number of bakers who are using lard success- fully in this work at the present time. One fries 700 dozen per day; another, 1000 dozen per day; and still another, 1,500 dozen per day. The small shop, particularly, should find its use advan- tageous because the finished product in my opinion will be more like the housewife’s doughnut and will stay fresh longer because it has slightly more than the three ounces per dozen absorption advocated for commercial products. I would be foolish indeed to tell you that lard can be heated as high and as long as the hydrogenated vege- table oil products and still retain the same degree of “life” as the baker calls it. I do maintain, however, that very satisfactory doughnuts can be made in lard by slight changes in the frying time and temperature. What is still more important, the doughnuts pro- duced in lard will probably be more nearly like the old fashioned kind that used to come from the kitchen in quan- t:ty just as soon as the cold weather set in, in the fall. I am no longer tell- ing the trade that lard is not suitable for deep fat frying. I believe that it is, under the proper working condi- tions. There is also a prejudice against the use of lard as an ingredient in cake. We can only touch upon it. briefly. There are three general methods of producing cake: We have that class which depends for its lightness upon beaten eggs, as, for example, sponge cakes or angel food cakes when made with whites. There is also that class which makes use of an inorganic leav- ening agent in addition to creamed shortening and beaten eggs. The layer and loaf cakes are usually found in this class. Last there are the pound cakes, which depend for their lightness upon the creaming and emulsifying power of the shortening. The procedure fol- lowed in making a cake of this latter class is to place the sugar and short- ening in the bowl and incorporate air by creaming or mixing. This forms a foamy mass, the volume of which is, in the case of certain shortenings, more than double the volume of the original mass. When the sugar-short- ening mixture has been sufficiently creamed, the milk, eggs, and flour are added in such a way that the foamy structure is not broken down. The dough going into the oven, therefore, contains finely distributed particles ot air and moisture. The air and moist- ure, particularly the moisture, when exposed to the oven temperature, ex- pand and produce the volume and tex- ture characteristic of this type of cake. We were led to believe for a long time that the expansion was due entirely to the air taken up by the shortening in the creaming operation. That made a very good selling story for the good creaming products. But some recent investigation and calculations have shown that the expansion of the air could theoretically only account for a small proportion of the total rise ob- tained in the oven. We now know that the vaporization of the water accounts for the rest and greater part of the oven kick. The cake industry almost to a man has accepted the characteristics of the ideal shortening, as given in the first part of this discussion, as essential to the production of quality baked goods. In spite of this very general agree- ment, I often wonder whether we are not on the wrong track in cake work. The baker’s principal competitor is ad- mitted to be the housewife. But did you ever compare the average com- mercial cake with the prodiuct as it is usually made im the kitchen? The com- mercial cake is light and to me invari- ably dry. That produced by the house- wife is moist, rich, and would prob- acai hve pilin e % os Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 1 TTIW | D iy D 4 D Y b 4 D OTT PANS 7S | D yl ] ] D y MTR Y WITT | Te a m1 US PU Uy 1) UY 1 UY 1 TY Ut LS 71 IY )1/ UY 1 TY P71 UY 71 cA SUULECUTELEDEUDER ERTL ETA EA TEED EUR EA EA CTO TEER ET EU EECA TEER OOO ED UTED EA COED = ore ' ATT 4 D Y BD Ly D Y D Ls = : ell HUIS aU Ht UY 7 | Ld i UY 71 ike M Mt | | | Ke Me Ke oi Ke oI Re MI Ke x jue eee ‘ = KEES : cod A= KA LIL ¢ « CONGRATULATIONS E. A. STOWE of the UA Pt Q DA Pl Lt LI ail Ic 0 Uc\ Pi) U LCA! Ks PTT ill || | FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY = ||_ EMEP AS D y UY 1) 0 {| A Man and an Institution z | TARE whose Integrity and Service |: Bl are beyond reproach S| > A IIE ATTEN x aS fl Michigan Bankers and Merchants |: “1: Mutual Fire Insurance Company «: meee Fremont, Michigan cfze & = = HA = |= Organized 1916 =| E: = Wm. N. Senf, Secretary and Treasurer = aE = |S eT ES ee ee eS TT} = = i 5 SUUUANANUUUOGQUUUUOOUUUOGOOUUOQOUUUOOOUOUGOUUUOGOUUUGGUOUOUOOUEOOOOOUOEOOOOUAUOOOOMOQOUOUOOOUEOOOOOEORGOOQOUEUOGOUOUUGQOOUUUOUOOUOGOOOUEREUOOCUOOOUECEOUGRUEU UU EUEU UU ECEU EEUU EEE TTS eS TTT TTS TES TESTES TS aT TT eT 52 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary ably be called heavy by most bakers. This difference is undoubtedly due to excessive creaming in commercial pro- duction. Several investigators have great majority of formulas used by bakers and expressed in pounds and quarts are not appreci- ably different from the housewife’s shown that the formulas when converted by calcula- tion into teaspoons and cupfuls. There- jore, I submit that if the bakers’ cakes do not compare favorably with the housewife’s product, and the division of cake production between commer- cial shop and kitchen indicate that they do not, then the difference is very probably due to the difference in me- chanical methods used. The house- wife does not have the facilities to whip a great amount of air into the batter but she surely appears to turn out a most satisfactory product. May I leave this thought with you then? It might be discovered, on investigation of cake production with particular at- tention to the amount of creaming, that the education of the baker has been carried too far in this respect and that lard, plus the right amount of chemical leavening, might lead to a product satisfactory to Mrs. Housewife than that which she appar- more entiy refuses to buy now. So much for cake. I would like to go further and tell you of other products in which lard may be used successfully. They would include cookies of certain types, cream puff shells, coffee cake, etc. I would also like to discuss some advantages which lard may have from a_nutri- tional standpoint, but time will not permit the further consideration of these subjects. And now, in conclusion, let me men- tion just a few pertinent facts with respect to the use of lard: 1. We have improved the quality of our product in the last several years. We should talk about this improve- ment more, especially to our customers and prospective customers. Don’t ac- cept the non-uniform argument as ii it were an undeniable fact. Strict ad- herence to specifications can overcome, and has largely overcome, former seri- ous difficulties in this respect. 2. Lard is a satisfactory shorten- ing for many bakeshop purposes. Let’s become familiar with them. Let’s make our organizations familiar with them. And finally let’s take advantage of every opportunity to make the trade familiar with them. H. S. Mitchell. ++. __—_ Two western baking companies are promoting cookie sales through novel merchandising ideas. One has intro- duced a large jig-saw cookie, offered in five types—pigs, cows, horses, rhinos, elephants. A die cuts segments nearly through before the cookies are baked and they are packed unbroken, two to the package. The other company has introduced “mystery cookies.” The la- bel on their container explains: “There are ten ingredients. Guess eight right and win a handsome prize.’”’ The prize is a jar of another kind of cookies, made by the same company. ———_—---————— Satisfaction begets stagnation. Ohio’s Method of Training Youth Educational service in Ohio, along with almost every other public activ- ity, has been hard hit by the economic situation, Public schools have universally cut salaries, staff and supply costs. Budg- ets have been reduced on an average of 20 per cent. from 1931, and suffered further reduction in 1933. Nevertheless, educators carry on, making every effort to keep the schools functioning on the highest possible basis. Probably the outstanding feature of 1932 was the work of the Ohio School Survey Commission, appointed early in the year by the Director of Education, at the suggestion of the Governor. This Commission of 16 men and women made an exhaustice study of the en- tire public school system. The Com- mission concluded its work on Dec. 27, 1932, with recommendations for a per- manent program for the State. The main feature of the report dealt with inequalities of educational oppor- tunity, with recommendations for cor- rection. It was discovered that the present sysem of State aid, under whica about $4,500,000 in 1932, is inadequate; as many districts was. distributed needing assistance could not obtain it under the present law and bad condi- tions in nearly all districts had been greatly augmented by the economic situation. The Comimission recommended that $33,000,000 be raised by indirect taxa- tion and that it be distributed as fol- lows: 1. A flat sum of $7 per pupil be given to every district in the State. 2. Each district should then be given a sum which, with a local levy of three mills, would guarantee a $1,200 pro- gram for a school of 30 pupils. The State Department of Education would set up minimum standards and make the distribution. The program recommended is the average one for the districts now receiving aid and is intended to be only a guaranteed mini- mum. Vocational Trades and Industries, Vocational Ag- riculture, Vocational Home Economics and Vocational Rehabilitation has been unusually well done in Ohio, Due to the desire to balance the budget by economies, rather than to increase taxes, the Budget Commission has cut out the State’s share for the first three named activities. The special work in State wide protest has already been made and efforts will be made to in- duce the legislature to amount necessary to the appropriation. Two hundred centers each for Voca- tional Agriculture and Vocational Home Economics have been maintain- ed, and 600 for Vocational Trades and Industries. Vocational Rehabilitation has cared for the education and place- ment of nearly 400 cases during the year. return the Special class work for deaf, blind and crippled children in the elementary grades is carried on by cooperation of the State and the local districts. A fund of nearly $500,000 yearly has been used for this purpose. Ohio stands high in this work, ranking first in sight saving and crippled children’s work. One of the unique features of the work in the state is the Ohio School of the Air. On each school day during the past four years, a 60-minute pro- gram has been broadcast over Radio Station WLW in Cincinnati, This project, although very much worth while, has suffered in the past two years for lack of funds. There are hopes ‘that, with greatly extended serv- ice, other States may see fit to give assistance. Through the agency of the State De- partment, music has become an out- standing feature of the educational prograin in Ohio. A State Supervisor has added to the efficiency of this work by cooperating with county supern- tendents in establishing circuits by means of which high grade teachings is given in vocal and instrumental work in almost every part of the State. It is generally admitted that Ohio has some of the outstanding programs in rural counties in America, Through this service of the Department, the de- sire of many children for musical de- velopment has been satisfied, and the finer things of life have been developed as would not have been possible with. out such service. The objective of the Department is new to hold the line against the at- tacks caused by a spasm of economy which may rob the citizens of the fu- ture of the educational opportunity which is justly theirs. B. O. Skinner, Director of Education for Ohio, —_—_+ 2 >____ Factcrs Which Result in Spread of Disease The history of malaria may be tra- ced as far back as 1,000 years before the birth of Christ. B. C. there were known to be three As early as 500 types of malaria—quartan, tertian and estivo-autumnal. However the cause of the disease was not known at that time, nor had a satisfactory method of treatment been found. In Europe, prior to the seventeenth century, many remedies had been used in the treatment of malaria, but with little effect. However, the Indians in South America had found that the ex- uract of the bark of a certain tree would control chills and fever. In 1638 the Countess of Cinchon, wife of the Gov- ernor of Peru, was taken ill with chills and fever. Her physician advised her to try this bark and in a very short time a cure was effected. In 1880 Laveran, a French army sur- geon, working in Africa, discovered that the blood of malaria patients con- tained certain organisms. It was thought at that time that the disease was transmitted through bad air and water. In 1898 it was definitely proven that these organisms were transmitted to man by the bite of an infected mos- quito. There is little doubt that malaria is one of the most outstanding health problems in the South today. Malaria costs the South incalculable wealth each year. Besides the loss through untilled fields, diminished earning ca- pacity, loss of time and even death, it produces in its victims an inertia, fhe economic effect of which can scarcely be measured in dollars and cents. It has been estimated by some authori- ties that the cost of malaria to the southern Sates is about $50,000,000 to $60,000,000 annually. Malaria may attack the individual in different ways. It may come on sud- denly and become rapidly fatal, or it may attack the individual slowly, grad- ually sapping his strength and destroy- ing his vitality. Malaria adversely in- fluences the birth rate, the length of life, and may even interfere with men- tal progress and development, Certain factors have an important bearing on the occurrence and spread of malaria. Among these are the clim- ate, the season, the amount of rainfall, and character of the vegetation. Malaria occurs most frequently dur- ing the warm months. The malaria season begins in this State a few weeks after the first brood of mosquitoes ap- pears, This is usually the latter part of May. The height of the season. is reached shortly after midsummer, and the decline begins in October when the nights are cool. Rainfall has a decided influence upon malaria. The mosquito must have suit- able ponded water in which to breed. Seasons of excessive rainfall naturally create an abundance of such breeding piaces. Moderate rains at short inter- vals are more conducive to creation of breeding places than are heavy rains at long intervals. The type of soil in a given locality may affect the incidence of malaria in that some soils hold rainfall and allow water to stand, whereas others either alow it to drain or absorb the moist- ure quickly, Trees and vegetation have an effect upon mosquito production in that they retain the moisture in the soil, causing ponded water to remain for sufficient length of time to allow the mosquitoes to develop. Perhaps the greatest single factor in the production of malaria mosquitoes in ponded water is the food and protection afforded the larvae by trees, brush, small vegetation and flo- tage. This fact was recognized some years ago in Alabama when the State Board of Health passed its regulations gov- erning impounded waters. A major re- quirement of the regulations is that new basins shall be completely clearnel of all trees and vegetation before the water is impounded, It is now a rare exception to have an epidemic of ma- laria around a newly impounded water, whereas it was quite a common occur- rence 20 years ago. B. F. Austin. —_~>--»—____ Two eastern motor-truck lines are interchanging loaded trailer trucks, much as railroads interchange freight cars. One company operates between Maryland and New York, the other between New York and Boston. Trac- tor trucks handle loads originating in one company’s territory and destined for delivery in territory of the other, the truck of the one company uncoup- ling from the trailer and that of the other coupling on at a joint terminal which has been set up in Newark, N.J. aan - ide AAR ONAN LO NORIO -f ; : ~ : Pith Antena, =—=—h<+lt—t—t—t—~——:”C~C~™—COC“‘SNCNESCO( MCI CHIGAN TRADESMAN OF successful editorship has been based | oe | C@ORRATION 4 based THE MICHIGAN SHOE TIUTUAL FIRE. INSURANCE mutual INnSUrance 1s also on these fundamentals o DEALERS COMPANY HOME OFFICES IN THE MUTUAL BUILDING LANSING MICHIGAN 54 OUR SAFETY PROGRAMME Present Day Trends Must Not Be Narrow Wherever there is mechanical prog- ress, there are new safety problems arising. For example, with the inven- tion of the sickle and scythe, the haz- ard of the sharp edge tool became im- minent; the reaper with its fast moving knives, its cogs and “cantankerous” horses brought with it more grief; the steam engine, the automobile, and the airplane all have been accompanied by new and more deadly conditions. As a result, to-day we live in the midst of a complex civilization fraught with danger on all sides. We are not only threatened but approximately 100,000 people actually lose their lives each year, while almost three quarters of a million people are maimed and injured. Furthermore, the physical and natural laws inherent in these inventions are no respecters of persons. The presi- dent of the United States is confronted with danger along with us all. What is to be our program of safety under these unmistakable and continu- ous conditions? In the first place, our safety program must not be a narrow one. It must go far beyond the application of a guard placed on dangerous machinery de- signed to inhibit men from killing and injuring themselves. For there are many thousands of conditions upon which guards can not be placed. The home, which today is the most haz- ardous place of all, is practically with- out guards (more people were killed in homes during 1932 than by automobiles which is considered our most danger- ous field for accidents); the streets and highways are well guarded at danger- ous points, especially on trunk lines yet 28,000 people lost their lives in traffic last year; in the fields of chem- istry, electricity, surgery and the air, guards play only a minor part. If mechanical devices are placed as pre- ventives wherever possible, only a very small percentage of our dangers will be eliminated. It is evident that a com- prehensive safety program must be in- troduced which will go far beyond mere mechanical safety; #t must in- clude mental safety as well. The pre- vious statements are not made to dis- parage the use of mechanical guards; we believe in safety devices of the prop- er kind but we do not believe they are sufficient in themselves to cover all phases of safety. We do not think a shop teacher or a factory foreman can exonerate himself for blame for acci- dents to students and workmen if his safety program includes only the use of proper guards. Neither is it suffi- cient that an instructor tells his stu- dents that they should roll up their sleeves and take off their ties when working near fast revolving machinery. Teaching safety is a harder job than that. It is creating a safety atmiosphere in the shop or a safety viewpoint on the part of each individual so that he will react to danger just as he does to immoral temptations. Society demands this of the teacher since a careless worker is a potential liability to the public in the same manner that a reck- less driver is a menace on the highway. Neither can an instructor, in my esti- mation, exonerate himself from blame inital sine ie EE TR LATS NRE SRL TE IO MICHIGAN TRADESMAN because of worn and obsolete machine- ry if the instructor knows it to be such. He may ethically account for poor re- sults through the use of rickety ma- chinery but he can not justify lost fin- gers on that ground. The common sense safety principle to be applied in such cases is that the older and less reliable the machine, the more caution and safety instruction the instructor must give before allowing students to operate the machine. Think of an auto- mobile driver attempting to exonerate himself from blame in the case of an accident if he knew the weakness or defect existed in his machine when he started on his trip. Such evidence is criminal negligence. It is equally true in the shop that if an instructor or foreman knew that a part of the ma- chine might fly out at any moment and hit a student or workman in the eye, he is criminally negligent and does not deserve the place he occupies. It has often been said that 99.9 per cent of the accidents are preventable and until this has become a recognized fact by teachers and by the public, accidents will persist. It has been my observation and experience that the cause or causes of accidents are quite well discernable when carefully ana- lyzed. In other words, our “hind sight” can easily detect the defects of our foresight. If any of you have had seri- ous accidents, you no doubt since have thought of a dozen or more things which you might have done to have avoided them. I recall my first auto- mobile accident. It was only a minor accident with no greater damage than a “blowout” to the other fellow’s tire. The other fellow was approaching the intersection on my left. He did not slow down at the intersection but kept on going until he was compelled to stop suddenly to avoid hitting a horse and wagon. Unfortunately he stopped directly in my path. I pushed on the brakes with all my might but did not stop my machine before striking his front wheel broadsde. Apparently there was no escapng him from either front or back and at that time appar- ently no way to have avoided the acci- dent: but to my surprise my fertile imagination informed me the next day about 11 o'clock that if I had pulled my emergency lever, which was almost sticking in my face, I could have avoided the collision. The accident had happened just about 26 hours pre- vious to this little silent voice. The mechanical device was sufficient in this case if I had only used it but the men- tal training was lacking. The narrower aspect of safety therefore was not suf- ficient to prevent the accident. It re- quired the mechanical device together with a trained safety attitude before this accident could have been avoided. This I did not have. In other words, I had not become safety minded. In the second place, accidents are happening everywhere and_ under every conceivable condition. It is fu- tile to attempt to fight it out by means of mere mechanical devices. The prob- lem of accident prevention in scope is bigger than that, it is very much the same as that of vocational education. How can a vocational, trade or tech- nical high school expert to train boys and girls in the technique of all pos- sible vocations which are being fol- lowed to-day? The answer is that no snigle school can hope to do this. Boys and girls must be taught fundamental principles which are applicable to sev- eral kindred vocations. In the matter of safety no matter whether boys are working in wood, paper or steel, they must be taught to be careful workmen; to be good housekeepers; and they must develop attitudes along with skills. Safety may be taught in prin- ciples as well as mathematics may be so taught. Teachers are not expected to teach children all the problems and examples which may fall under a par- ticular mathematical process, but they are expected to do enough of the ex- amples to fix the principle in mind. The same is true of safety. But just what safety principles are to be taught in the shops should be deter- mined by the shop instructors them- selves just as the teachers of mathe- matics or rather writers of mathema- tics text books do decide on what mathematical principles are to be in- cluded in the book. Our accident rec- ord throughout the United States is evidence in itself to show that more attention should be paid to safety as a part of our instruction. The splendid safety work which has been done in the past few years has borne fruit as fatal accidents to children have been on the decrease for the past four or five years while that for adults has been gradually increasing year by year. Safety instruction pays big dividends and should not be neglected by teach- ers. How shall safety be taught? It should be taught in correlation with other subjects; that is, safety infor- mation should be presented as a part of the regular subject matter. In other words, we do not believe that a given time or period per day should be set aside as a safety period. Safety can be taught more effectively if it is per- tinent to the lesson than if taught as an isolated exercise. Psychologically, it is difficult to arouse interest in safety on the part of students if it does not fit into the subject under discussion and therefore very unlikely to create lasting impression. Safety discussions in order to become vital must be wov- en in as a part of the content of the lesson or follow closely upon the heels of unfortunate or serious accidents. The practice of having safety rules printed and tacked to the machine or upon the wall somewhere in the room or shop is good as a reminder only, but is far from being a teaching de- vice. It serves a purpose similar to the menu in the cafeteria. A menu may be emblazoned on the wall, yet it tells children nothing about a balanced diet: they must learn that through study and discussion. Let me reiterate that the fundamental principle to be fol- lowed in teaching safety is to make it hook up with the natural situation wherever possible. Safety should be a part of the course of study of every teacher training in- stitution in the country. I believe it was John Dewey who said that school is not a preparation for life, school is life itself especially for approximately thirteen years for each and every indi- vidual. This bit of educational philos- ophy is uttered for the purpose of im- pressing people with the fact that Fiftieth Anniversary school work should be practical and fit the child to cope with every day problems. Safety, therefore, in my esti- mation should be made a part of the educational preparation of every teach- er. State teachers colleges over the country should imbue teachers with safety so they will do something about it. There is no excuse for neglecting it and every reason for including it as a part of the curriculum. When a hun- dred thousand people lose their lives unnecessarily each year, something ought to be done about it. It used to be that people were afraid to ride on trains because of the danger of wrecks. To-day one is 200 times safer in a pull- man car than he is in his own home. Why is this? It is because we have been working at railroad safety for fifty years and neglecting home safety. We must now turn our attention not only to home but to all other kinds of safety if we are to stop the annual slaughter of our youth. What shall be the set up for a com- prehensive school safety program? Such a program should include safety in all departments, even in the aca- demic, within the school building, on the school grounds, going to and from school, and in the home. The program should be headed by one who has juris- diction over all departments if such a program is to be effective. This is im- portant since a program fails because of lack of proper leadership or author- ity. In the second place, with such a broad program, particularly since it includes home accidents, there should be a rigid system of reporting acci- dents. Such reports should be assem- bled in the main office and a report sent to each school with comments on certain types of accidents. In the third place, pupils and stu- dents should do most of the safety work, Participation in an activity means interest and education. Summary 1. We have shown that through the ages new hazards have accompanied new and improved inventions. 2. Statistics reveal that the annual toll of accidental deaths now reaches almost 100,000. 3. That a broad program of accident prevention must be inaugurated if acci- dents are to be even lessened. 4. That a safety program of instruc- tion must be correlated with other sub- ject matter to be effective. 5. That a person of considerable leadership must head up a broad and comprehensive program if it is to func- tion well. 6. That pupils and students them- selves must do the major portion of the work of a safety program if it is to be made effective. Mr. C. D. Dawson, Assistant Superintendent of Grand Rapids Schools. 232-2 A radio manufacturer is spurring sales of auto radios by offering free with each set a year’s insurance against loss or damage by lightning, fire, theft, wind or explosion while installed in the owner’s car. —_+-+___ Floor lamps which keep the slack out of their light cords are being offered. Concealed automatic cord reels are built in under the base. ei SPORE inh alia hacen OEP on. SF yn OES re ies nathan tse dime e M~ 5: Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 55 BROWN AND SEHLER COMPANY AUTOMOBILE TIRES AND TUBES _ RADIO SETS RADIO EQUIPMENT HARNESS HORSE COLLARS FARM MACHINERY AND GARDEN TOOLS BLANKETS ROBES SHEEP LINED AND BLANKET-LINED COATS LEATHER COATS GRAND RAPIDS MICHIGAN MIRRORS Modernize your store with decorative Mirrors. Most attractive results can be ob- tained in this way. We are elad to assist in planning. Hart Mirror Plate Company Grand Rapids, Michigan Compliments of W. Muller Co. BakersFine Bread W. Muller Co. 256 Eugene St. | Grand Rapids, Mich. GO I OT I OI I TT OT TT GT I GT GI I OG GT IT GI GT GT GT GT OT : Ask for Kent Pride Sausage and Meat Products At Your Neighborhood Market Made in Grand Rapids By Men You Know Grand Rapids Packing Co. Abattoir, 1700 Bristol Avenue, N. W. Office and Box, 26 Ottawa Avenue, N. W. MICHIGAN GRAND RAPIDS 56 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary GOOD MERCHANTS WILL WIN But Unsound Tactics Arouse IIl-Will That chain Invariably stores do not employ local people, that they pay low sal- aries and that they provide no oppor- tunity for promotion are, as general statements, easily subject to disproof. To use them is to invite ridicule and prejudice. Every chain known to the writer tries to em- interpretations of ploy local people. The wages and sal- aries paid by chains are as high as and often somewhat higher than wages and salaries paid by other local institutions for the same class of work. It has to Opportunities for promotion are probably as good in chains as in inde- pendent stores, and certainly the chain offers in its higher executive positions opportunities rarely if ever possible in the independent small store field, both in remuneration and influence. be so. That chain store organizations do not always take a proper interest in local schools, libraries, welfare and charities local, civic developments, in is a criticism that may be fairly made There are chain organizations apparently operated by in some instances. they believed they could avoid their responsibilities their executives as if in these directions. Their short sight and selfishness is a matter for public Chain stores need to have their communities reproach and specific criticism. prosper as much as independents do. The fact that the chain organization is spread over many towns, while the in- dependent small store owner’s inter- ests arc tied up in only one town, in no wise alters the principle. Far-sight- ed chain store development provides for active participation in community building wherever its stores may be. store organizations Obviously, chain that neglect their civic responsibilities wise different, humanly from the thousands and are in no speaking, thousands of independent retailers who also avoid any effort or thought in the upbuilding of their communities. But the chain, through the fact of becoming generally well known, is more vulner- able to criticism on this point than the independent and, because of its public position, may be forced to take civic nd social initerests into account. There chain store systems from the first worked 1 their units for the welfare of their respective communities in a very commendable way, showing as deep and as constructive an interest as is are, however, which have 1 throug possible. In conclusion, the use of unsound and uneconomic arguments and meth- ods in meeting chain store competition, appeals to wrong public motives and the attempts to suppress chains by re- strictive legislation are not likely to help the independent small store own- ers, but are more than likely to create ill-will, Chain stores are the product of our times. and are growing They obviously meet a public Unless that need can otherwise be met, suppression of chain public suspicion and have grown rapidly. They need. even stores woud not leave small independ- ent stores in an invulnerable position. The consuming public is not going to be satisfied with the type of service and merchandising of stores run ac- cording to a 1900 or 1910 model. The chain stores have opened up new pos- sibilities which the independents might much better copy than seek to destroy. The retail subject to waves of unrest and revolution. For business is example, back in the 90’s small retaii- ers in nearly every big city in the coun- try feared and fought the growth of Nearly all of the chain department stores. arguments now used against sotres were then used against depart- ment stores. In spite of such opposi- tion, the departmenit stores grew tre- mendously because they satisfied a de- try gradually came to see this and the fear of the mail order house since that time has largely been that of another competitor rather than as a devouring juggernaut. Beginning with 1920 and continuing up to the present, small retailers the country over have been plunged into another fright over the development of chain stores. Again the argument against big business and the appeals to local patriotism are being exercised just as they were against the depart- ment stores thirty years ago and the mail order houses fifteen years ago. It does not seem too much of a risk to predict that in time the chain store sysem will find its limits of economic Paul H. Nystrom mand of the consuming public. In time the small retailers’ fear of department stores subsided. They learned how to meet any outspoken opposition against this type of retailing as such. From 1910 to 1915 the small retailers, particularly of the approximately country districts, experienced another fright, and again sought by organiza- tion, legislative efforts and other means to fight a new invader—in this case the mail order houses. But, as with the struggle with department stores, the fight with the mail order houses in time settled down into proper propor- tions: and by 1920 1921 the mail order houses had found what apparently is their relative limits of successfully serving the American consuming pub- lic and retailers throughout the coun- service to the consuming public. These limits will become known to other re- tailers and the hot excitement now current in finding emergency means of checking chain stores will cool. It should mot be inferred from the foregoing statement that definite meas- ures need not be taken to meet the competition of the chains. The chain stere has introduced several improve- ments in the general practice of retail- ing. To neglect to meet these improve- menits by similar improvements in in- dependent stores would be fatal, The proper and natural course of action for independent stores, wherever faced by chan store competition, is to meet and beat this competition by the develop- ment of superior service, by special- izing or diversifying as the case may require, by keener and deeper study of consumer demand so as to suit the cur- rent case of the public more accurately than hitherto. The opinion to be expressed here is that in the stores the outcome for small stores is competition with chain not to be feared if they concentrate their efforts on improvements in mer- sales people to give thought to customers’ wants and in co-operating with others chandising, in training their in the retail business on lines in which the strength of numbers is more impor- tant than individual initiative. In the long run, it is believed, re- tailers of all classes, even those hard- est hit by chain store competition, will come to recognize and admit that, ruth- less as the struggle may be, very im- portant contributions are being made to better retail merchandising by ‘the chain stores without which not only the consuming public but the institu- tion of retailing itself would be the aul H. Nystrom, Professor of Marketing, School of losers. Business, Columbia University. > 2 -o — Washing Poison From Fruit Danger from poisonous spray residue on apple has been reduced to a mini- mum by the work of the Federal Gov- ernment and the State governments which are interested in inspection of fruits. Measures developed by apple grow- ers’ associations and by governmental! agencies now place a more rigid in- spection than ever before on fruit prod- ucts, it is pointed out by W. B. White, of the United States Food and Drug Administration. Mr. White says that a new technique of testing washed apples to discover whether they still carry more than the tolerated amount of spray residue is expected to further means of protecting the consumer. By this new process tests can be made within half an hour which formerly took a day or more to yield sufficiently accurate results. The Department of Agriculture is supplying its inspectors with this new equipment which is also available for the use of individual apple growers and growers’ associations, In the major apple growing districts, Northwest, “laundries” are set up for washing a!l fruit. Hydrochloric acid, soda ash and especially in the apple other solvents are used which rapidly remove the spray residue which might not be disposed of by washing in water and mechanical cleaning. The Bureau of Plant Industry working to develop better methods of | washing apples. When unwashed ap- ples are stored, warehouse companies are cooperating to see that none of the fruit gets to the consumer. Supervision of the Food and Drug Administration includes only interstate shipments of fruits. Kew prosecutions fail on that account, according to Mr. White, because practically all States make there is any question of Federal juris- diction. cooperate and seizures when The Administration also guards the consumer against danger of spray residues left on such vegetables as cauliflower, cabbage and celery. Fiftieth Anniversary Have you ordered your Calendars for 1934 o * Wholesalers of Christmas and Birthday Greeting Cards Don't forget we carry all kinds of Advertising Specialties Samples and Prices on Request GRAND RAPIDS CALENDAR CO. 906-912 South Division Avenue Grand Rapids, Michigan Phone 31732 MICHIGAN HOLLAND CRYSTAL CREAMERY HOLLAND - - - - MICHIGAN Manufacturers of Fancy Creamery Butter pete e Cash Buyers of Cream both individual shippers and on the station plan Pai e Write for further information HOLLAND CRYSTAL CREAMERY TRADESMAN 57 | | be aed) HEN heavy-lidded Sleep lays her quiet hand across the homes of cities and hamlets, farms and waysides of Michigan .. . and the toil 45) of day melts into rest for the tomorrow .. . there still gleams Electricity, the Eyes of the Night. Untiring, never resting, electricity gives man back the eyes that darkness takes away. Whether the protecting glance of light along street and highway; the cry of the child in the night that may bring instant need for light and heat; the midnight emergency in the throbbing hospital where life may hang by the wire that carries electricity to the most deli- cate surgical instrument; or whether for the tiniest gleam of the smallest home in the farthest corner of the most remote village .. . electricity serves all alike. Somewhere in the vast black panorama where Mich- igan lies draped in night’s velvet robes, there are other gleams .. . the power houses, substations, service offices .. .that tell of those on duty, that these vital needs may be served. Out of sight but on the job... these loyal forces personify the very essence of the public utility structure, above and beyond mere kilowatt, copper and steel. They are of the human element that gives life to public service. High above this, stands a record of provid- ing these thousands of homes with a service of ever increasing usefulness and adequacy —at a price that is todaythe lowest inhistory. CONSUMERS POWER GO. 58 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary IF I WERE 19 TO-DAY? Golden Words to the Young Men of America I take it my subject, “If I Were 19 ’ ends with an interrogation If I were starting manhood anew what would I do? How would 1 look out upon life in the light of the and twelve years I have To-day?’ point, fourscore lived? I think, readers of the Tradesman, the first thing I would do would be to find an opportunity to betake myself to some lonely spot and sit down and think and think. I would try and look the future squarely in the face. I would endeavor to take an honest in- ventory of myself. I would try to correctly measure my disposition, my opportunities, my abilities, my failures and my shortcomings. I would resolve to increase the former in every way I could and to lessen and get rid’ of the latter, I would look upon life as some- thing real and earnest and solemn in I would not seek to obscure the bad that was in me nor its responsibilities. would I over-emphasize the good, I would try to realize that I had a real battle on between the good and ‘the bad that was in me, and that as the years rolled on the one or the other of these would gain the mastery-—for there is no such thing in life as stand- ing still. Either we are progressing or falling back, reaching higher or drop- ping lower. I would seek to call to my aid every good influence I could command and every ounce of resolution I possessed. I would resolve to be somebody—to get ahead in the world, to win the approba- tion of right thinking people, to be of service to somebody beside myself. I take note that my _ personal character would largely determine my success or failure—that it was essen- tial to build up in my commuunity a would reputation for honesty, reliability and decent citizenship. But my subject is too broad a one to be treated in all its aspects in the space I have at my command, And so I am going to use my space in a con- sideration of only one branch of it. A friend of James G. Blaine was once discussing with him the failure in life of a brilliant classmate of the former. Mr. Blaine said, “I could never ac- count for what you term my success and his failure unless upon the ground that he was handicapped by riches and I was aided by my poverty.” But surely, that cannot be, says the weak, improvident, self-indulgent man. Does not the Bible say that money is the root of all evil? No, it does not— it says nothing of the kind. To the contrary, it can be truthfully said that money comes nearer being the root of all good-——the necessary instrument in the accomplishing of almost every- thing that is good and useful and! pro- motive of the public welfare. It em- ploys labor, builds schools, colleges and hospitals, rears homes and sanctu- aries and ministers in a thousand ways to the highest interest of humanity. But it needs to be earned not inherited. And so with Mr. Blaine, I am in- ’ clined to believe that to a boy, wealth is a handicap and poverty a blessing. Miany a rich man’s son has begun at the top of the ladder and successfully worked his way down. It is better to reach the top than to start there. I once heard my pastor say from his pulpit, with fine alliteration, “Disci- pline is better than dollars and char- acter better than cash.” I couldn’t dis- pute his proposition, but somehow I didn’t quite like the way it was said, and so I thought on and questioned in my mind whether, as a rule, discipline and dollars and character and cash did- n't keep company with one another? Generally, perhaps not always, when we are getting dollars we are accum- ulating discipline; generally, perhaps not always, when we are building up Four letters will give you an unfail- ing plan for success in life, s-a-v-e. Five letters can be made to spell failure, s-p-e-n-d. A witty Frenchman once said, “A vice is a virtue carried to the extreme.” It is true that at the bottom of most vices you find an abused virtue. Every- body hates a tight-wad, but thrifty people are the hope of the community. There is a mighty sight of difference: between economy and penuriousness. See it illustrated in two American multi-millionaires—Carnegie and Rus- sel Sage. Carnegie, giving away hun- dreds of millions of dollars and declar- ing it a disgrace for a man to die rich beyond the needs of himself and fam- ily, and Russell Sage, who gave in nig- David N. Foster cash we are at the same time building up character. To accumulate dollars requires thrift, energy, and self denial; to add to our cash necessitates econ- omy, industry and right living; for vice is expensive and alike destructive to discipline and dollars, character and cash, I believe it to be every young man’s duty to endeavor to accumulate prop- erty. The great novelist, Dickens, makes one of his characters frequently proclaim this truism. “Income, 20 shillings per week, expenditure, 19 shillings and six pence—result happi- ness: income 20 shillings, expenditure 20 shillings and six pence—result mis- ery.” So it has ever been— so it ever | will be. gardly fashion while the lived, and whose will, at his death, provided’ noth- The economical man is the generous man. He is the man who starts early in life tO save, pays his debts promptly, accum- ulates a fortune, becomes a prominent and influential citizen and builds the churches, libraries, hospitals and the ing for any public benefaction. colleges of the country. The penuri- ous man, like Russell Sage, hoards ev- ery cent, builds up a mammoth for- tune, holds on to it until grim death makes him let loose, and his widow takes some up the. work of accomplishing good with it. But the spend- thrift is still worse, for he doesn’t even leave anything for his wife to distrib- tt Orr re _ vice of the day. Spend-thrift! Hyphenate the word. Spend-the-thrift. It is so common to do that in our day, the dictionary makers have dropped the hyphen to save ink. Living beyond one’s means is the Half the people you meet on the street are bankrupt. But they don’t know it and would be in- sulted if you told them of it. Husbands are generally the spend- thrifts of the family. Money slips through their hands like water through a sieve. But sometimes the wife is as reckless as the husband. Then indeed you have a bad combination. They re- tire at night in perfect composure, not only without a dollar in the family purse, but also in debt to the butcher, the baker and the candlestick maker. Many a woman is riding in an auto- mobile today, who if the breadwinner of the family should be taken away would not have street car fare to ride to the factory where she would have to be employed in order to live. The startling statement is made that not quite nineteen men out of every 100 who die, in this country leave an estate sufficient to maintain their fam- ilies in comfortable circumstances. The statement is as discreditable as it is starting. Keep Resolutions Resolved, therefore, to accumulate. You will never earn a dollar worth as much to you as the first dollar which you save. You may have education, talent, ability and opportunity, but if you canfiot save you are not likely to be able to make much use of your ad- vantages, and when you make resolu- tions see that you keep them. Hell, you know, is said to be paved with good resolutions. So also is the road to honor, usefulness and success. The only difference is, that in the one case good intentions were never carried out and in the other they were. A man without money is in danger. It is mighty hard to keep straight when your back is cold and your stomach empty. A savings account is a rainy day fund, a life insurance policy, a sick benefit, a funeral fund, an old age pen- sion, a comfort now and a joy for- ever. Start one. Saving is like swim- ming; once you get the hang of it, it is easy and you never forget how, but if you grow tired and stop you start to sink, So get something at interest and re- member that interest doesn’t work 9on an eight-hour schedule—it never loafs, never watches the clock, never goes upon'a strike and you do not have to feed, clothe or house it or pay it any wages. Get this tireless worker into your employ as quickly as possible. Two young men passing a club look- ed in through the windows and saw a company of white haired millionaires at lunch. “Gee, I wish I was one of them in there,” said one. “I have a real start toward it,’ said the other. “I have my first thousand saved and am just starting in on my second.” That young man is sure, sooner :or later, to get his feet under the mahog- any tables of the white haired club. However, if you would accumulate, watch your step. Don’t listen to pipe dreams about investments which will hd MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Oceana Canning Company Quality Packers of Michigan’ S Finest Fruits — = wk BRANDS: Royal Shelby Telephone Water Lily Little Hatchet Oceana County — - wr SHELBY, MICHIGAN 60 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary Don’t enter into some rosy scheme just because it listens turns. make you 100 per cent. well and promises great re- Don’t speculate on the board of trade. Only one in a thousand suc- ceeds in that game and you are not likely to be that one. Don’t buy in on blue sky proposi- tions in order that you may get rich quick—there is no slower way. Play sate. Put your money where you can get it when you want it. Be content with a reasonable rate of interest. Bet- ter be safe than sorry. The fellow who doesn’t make good for his failure, or he has always had “such bad luck.” other name always blames someone else 3ad luck is generally only an- indifference, shiftlessness and lack of thrift. Good luck is generally only another name for energy, economy and for laziness, industry, foresight. Finally, young man, don’t let the sympathizing public say of your wife, “Poor girl, she married a man who could never save anything.” Don’t be like the reckless young fellow I talked with in my store a couple of vears ago. I said to him, “You-can live comfort- ably on $12 a week. You are getting $25. What are you rest?” doing with the “Anything “Waitng on a girl?” “ After “Going then to housekeep- “We expect to.” “Going to have anything with which to pay for your goods?” “Expect not.” “How then are you to furnish your home?” “Blowing it in.’ “No.” “Yes.” “Going to marry her?’ laid up?” : a while.” ing?” “Get some fool merchant to do it for me on the $5 down and $5 a month plan.” “If you get sick or lose your job, what then?” “Lose my goods, I suppose, and what I have paid upon them.” “And then,” I said, “probably send your wife home to her parents to live.” “Very likely,” he replied. Love, young man, in a cottage is all right, but bear in mind the old saying, “When poverty comes in at the door, love flies out of the window.” David N. Foster. Ft. Wayne, Ind. ——_22~—___ Need of Government as a Force to Protect the Individual We are sometimes prone to lose sight of the importance of Govern- ment. Many people do not seem to sense how their lives and fortunes de- pend upon it, for they do not bother to take any part in public affairs. They do not participate in the activ- ities of the political parties through which our Government functions and hence they have no voice in the pro- mulgation of party principles and poli- cies. They do not attend primaries or conventions and hence they have no voice in the nomination of candidates. Often they do not even vote and hence they have no voice in the election of public officers. It is, therefore, fair to say that they are not interested in Gov- ernment. And yet, without Government, civ- ilized society is impossible. If there were no Government everyone would have complete liberty. That may sound like an ideal condition, but it is far from ideal when we analyze it. In the absence of Government every person would be at liberty to kill an- other if he were strong enough, or to make another his slave if he were strong enough, or to take another’s property if he were strong enough. Government steps in and protects our lives, protects our liberty, and protects our property. The Declaration of Independence says all men are endowed with certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happi- ness; and that to secure these rights governments are instituted among men. Merely to state these rights means nothing without some way to make them secure. And so a Government or State is formed, under which men surrender a great many of their natural rights. Thus they surrender the right to kill, to enslave, and to rob others, in ex- change for the assurance that others shall not kill, enslave, or rob them. The first function of the State, and the first service it renders to its citi- zens, therefore, is protection—protec- tion from the trespasses of their neigh- bors. Indeed, there is a school of po- litical philosophy which holds that this is all that the State should do, merely give the people this protection and then leave them free to doand say what they please, so long as they do not inter- fere with the rights of others to do likewise. As a matter of fact, that extreme policy could not possibly be followed, for in civilized society there are always a great many things that are the con- cern of everybody but that no indi- vidual will or can do. These are activ- ities that can be better conducted by the co-operation of all the people than by individuals. Anything that can be better done by the people collectively than by the people individually is a legitimate governmental function. To begin with, public safety, or the protection of our lives and property, and the detection, apprehension, and punishment of criminals, can not pos- sibly be conducted by ourselves as in- dividual citizens without reverting to the primitive activities of the vigilantes. It has been found essential to have courts and peace officers if we are to enjoy the justice, security, and domes- tic tranquility which we must be guar- anteed in civilized society. The judges, sheriffs, and policemen who protect us must be paid by taxation. It is impracticable for parents to edu- cate their own children. They have neither the time nor the training to do it well. All the parents in a commun- ity, therefore, club together and hire teachers to educate all their children at common expense, and thus a new governmental function is born. It is not possible to leave the build- ing of highways to individual citizens. They do not feel the incentive or rec- ognize the obligation to do such work away from their own premises, al- though they need highways to trans- port their produce to market, to reach the schools and churches, and for so- cial intercourse. For mutual benefit they, therefore, decide to make road- building a co-operative enterprise to which each shall contribute his fair share of the cost. Thus another public activity comes into being. Nothing is more important to any person than the preservation of his health. Often his heaith is menaced by conditions beyond his control, such as epidemics, impure water supply, and lack of sanitation. The prevention of illness means avoiding interruption of earnings, as well as the saving of doc- tor and hospital bills. The prevention of a death may mean the sparing of a worker whose earning power during a lifetime would be worth many thou- sands of, dollars to a community. It may mean saving a breadwinner and thereby keeping a family from drop- ping to a lower standard of living with greater likelihood of becoming a charge upon the public treasury and, perhaps, producing criminals and _ prostitutes who would require more policemen and jails. These are among the practical considerations which justify expendi- tures for public health activities. I need not mention the sorrows and heartaches that alwyas come from the loss of a loved one. The general good will of all and the well-being of each individual demand that conditions which are dangerous to health be con- trolled, which can only be done by forced co-operation, and, therefore, a fourth activity is created and is sup- ported by all the people. A citizen may take precautions to protect his property against destruc- tion by fire, but when in spite of his precautions, a fire breaks out which threatens not only his own property but the property of his neighbors as well, he is not equipped to put it out. It, therefore, becomes necessary to or- ganize a public fire department and to sustain it at public expense. Farmers may have wells or other sources of domestic water supply, but city dwellers usually must get their water from a distant source. This is too costly to be done separately by each home-owner, so all the home- owners co-operate to put in a system of water works, again at public ex- pense. Irrigation projects generally are similar co-operative enterprises. The morals of the people are influ- enced, not alone by the home atmos- phere, but also by the community at- mosphere. Immoral resorts, unre- stricted gambling, and uncontrolled traffic in intoxicating liquors throw temptations before young and old alike and cause debasement of character, blasted lives, and broken homes. In the interest of public morality and better manhood these demoralizing agencies must be kept in check through public co-operation and at public expense. Street paving, street lighting, gar- bage removal, parks, and recreational facilities are examples of other advan- tages that the people want and can get only through co-operative effort, and so these become functions of Govern- ment. The care of the vicious, the unfor- tunate, and the underprivileged, such as the criminal, the insane, the feeble- minded, the wayward youth, the deaf and blind, and the pauper classes, can better be done by united than by indi- vidual effort, and, therefore, becomes another phase of governmental activity. Social justice demands that individ- ual greed and economic cruelty be re- strained, and so the socializing tend- ency exhibits itself in the enactment Eh URES ART Re SON SIM and administration of labor laws, laws to regulate the charges of public util- ities, and laws to regulate banking practices—a further extension of gov- ernmental functions. It would be tedious to trace the growth of governmental activities in all their branches and ramifications, The mere mention of these examples will suffice to remind us how our Govern- ment touches us every hour of our lives and how essential it is to our comfort and existence. As living conditions be- come more complex the socialization goes on, and the people demand more and more service from their Govern- ment, A good Government strives at all times to promote the welfare and hap- piness of its citizens and, presumbaly, the establishment of these multifarious governmental activities is for that pur- pose. They are always established in response to a public demand. But they cost money, and hence there is com- plaint of high taxes, for they must all be paid for out of the taxpayer’s money. We sometimes forget that if we dis- continued some of our public activities and thereby reduced taxes, the ex- penses of the individual taxpayer might easily be increased rather than dimin- ished by such attempted economy. For example, if we closed down our institutions of higher education it might cut down the tax levy, but it would cost us more to send our chil- dren to distant colleges. If we aban- doned our public health service we should doubtless all have bigger doc- tor bills and more sickness and deaths in our families. We can not transfer part of our expenses to our tax account without somewhat increasing our taxes. The very reason for instituting a public activity is that we expect to get the service from the State at a lower cost than if we employed someone else to do it for us. The test is not always whether the State is spending too much money, but whether it is spend- ing it wisely and efficiently. Nevertheless, the more functions the Government performs, the more money it must spend. In other words, the more service the people demand from their Government, the higher their taxes will be. The budget of every tax-spending agency should be minutely scrutinized and analyzed, and every possible econ- omy effected. If there are duplications of work they should be eliminated. If politicians are on the pay roll merely to give them jobs and not because they are needed they should be laid off, even though they increase the size of the army of the unemployed. If public salaries and wages are out of line with salaries and wages paid in private em- ployment they should be adjusted. In- deed, everything possible should be done to promote efficiency and econ- omy. Public officers should never be smug- ly content that they are conducting their offices in the best and cheapest manner. They should re-examine their own methods to see if improvements may not be made, and they should wel- come the constructive criticism of others. George H. Dern, Governor of Utah. a es i a: wT Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 61 TURN THE SEARCHLIGHT ON HILLS BROS COFFEE AND YOU DISCOVER THESE )UTSTANDING QUALITIES i Be jetilpriensc. 7 WHEN you find Hills Bros. Coffee, your search Hills Bros. Coffee today and enjoy this good- i. for perfect coffee is at an end. The first taste ness that is the result of perfect roasting, | will delight you—Hills Bros. Coffee has a perfect grinding and perfect packing? Ask for flavor no other coffee has. What’s more, it’s Hills Bros. Coffee by name and look for the a flavor that never varies. Why not start using Arab trade-mark on the can. Weer EERIE Sn aerate ot e A current Hills Bros. Coffee advertisement that gives the best reasons why you should stock this brand which is the largest seller between Chicago and the Pacific. HILLS BROS COFFEE Copyright 1933 Hills Bros. 62 LOST ART OF GRATITUDE No Quality Better Worth a Woman’s Cultivation I wish somebody would start a school for the cultivation of old- fashioned virtues and begin by trying to revive the lost art of gratitude. To my mind there is no other fault of our day so unlovely as the lack of appre- ciation that we encounter everywhere. We have gotten into the way of taking everything for granted and of accept- ing favors as they were merely a slight and unworthy tribute to our own charms and merits. Even in the matter of thanks we are as stingy and nig- gardly as if, like the heroine of the fairy tale, our lips dropped diamonds and we were afraid of being robbed. Of course, when we do a kindly thing we do not perform it in the hope of reward, nor do we care to have our virtues unduly exploited, but it is one thing to have a trumpet sound in your praise and another to have everything received in dead silence. Yet the whole world hungers and thirsts for apprecia- tion, and to realize the truth of this we have only to bring it home to ourselves and recall how our hearts warmed un- der the sunshine oi a little gratitude, and understanding of the things we had done, and the sacrifices we had made for someone else. It is a pleasure we are seldom per- mitted to enjoy. What we are inti- mately acquainted with is the brutal rudeness of people who take our effort in their behalf as a matter of course, and think it entirely too much trouble to manifest the slightest appreciation of it. Take the matter of entertaining, for instance. The world over an invi- tation has been considered a sight draft on politeness that would draw some sort of acknowledgment out of a clam, yet every season the land is full of the wails of hostesses who have received no reply to their invitations and do not know whether to expect forty guests or 400. Nor does the lack of apprecia- tion stop there. The majority of guests nowadays seems to regard your house as merely affording a picturesque back- ground for their flirtations or a con- venient meeting place for their friends, and such a thing as having any obli- gations to you does not enter their heads. Men are the particular offend- ers in this line. The hostess who can induce the weary-looking young fel- lows who line her walls at her balls, and eat her salads and drink her cham- pagne, to dance or pay any attention to an ugly girl when there is a pretty one in sight is a diplomat and a general who deserves recognition at her coun- try’s hands. So far as a man regarding himself as being under any obligations for an invitation, he thinks that he has conferred a favor by going for which stess should be humbly grateful. Only last winter I heard a beardless stripling calmly announce that he never called at houses where he was entertained unless there were girls there. “What's the use?” he cynically remarked “They can’t give parties without men. They’re bound to ask us.” For my part, I should like to see the women who entertain form an iron- clad trust and boycott every man who failed to show a decent appreciation of the courtesies shown him. his ho y MICHIGAN But men are not the only ones lack- ing in appreciation. There isn’t one woman in a thousand who hesitates to ask a favor of you, and there is about one in ten who ever thinks of making any return for it, in words or deeds. There is Mrs. A, who writes you from New York or Chicago, asking you to give her a letter of introduction to some charming friends of yours. Being good- natured, you comply, and they show her all sorts of attentions on your ac- count, One would think that her first impulse would be to sit down and write you a note teeming with grati- tude; but does she do it? Rarely ever. Instead, she waits until she gets home, and if you happen to meet her she cas- ually mentions that she saw your friends, the Z’s, and that’s all the thanks you ever get from her. TRADESMAN they glibly suggest, or “Don’t put yourself to any trouble, but please tell me how to begin a paper on the ‘Over- soul,’ and what to put in the middle, and write me a real good ending, be- cause in a club paper the end is always what people enjoy most. I have got the loveliest new hat and a duck of a dress trimmed with -eal lace, and if you will only help me out with my pa- per I'll be all right.” What is one to do? Very likely the writing woman doesn’t know any more about the sub- ject than a rabbit, and to find out in- volves weary searching through biog- raphies and encyclopedias, but she does it and sends off the best essay she can manage. Then comes the curi- ous part, for not once in a blue moon does the recipient take the trouble to manifest any appreciation whatever, or Dorothy Dix Or, there is Mrs. B, in the country, who reads the Sunday advertisements of Snip & Cuetm. Two days later you get a letter asking vou to go down and see if the silk slips that they are adver- tising at $3.99 are really the same that were $4 at the beginning of the season. It is inconvenient and you are busy. but you wearily chase down town and investigate and report to her, but she never thinks of showing her apprecia- tion of your trouble by writing you a note of thanks, and that’s all you ever hear from her until she wants another errand done. Every writing woman knows what it is to be importuned by friends and people whom she has never seen to help them out when they have a club paper to write. “Just a few points about the ancient dynasty of Rameses,” even let the writer know how the paper “went” at the club meeting, yet that same woman would have been over- whelmed with gratitude if her grocer had presented her with a pound of soda crackers. It is the same way with the woman who reads or recites or sings. When Mrs. Society gives a re- ception and wants to break the deadly dullness by a musicale which costs her nothing, she is in great demand. She is continually importuned to help out charity entertainments and church af- fairs, but do those to whom she has given her time and talent so freely manifest any appreciation when the time comes for reciprocity? Let the sparsely-attended benefits of our own gifted and generous artists testify. But the very tragedy of the lack of appreciation manifests itself in the do- Fiftieth Anniversary mestic circle. I honestly believe that, while we are ransacking heaven and earth for some cure for the domestic troubles we see all about us, it lies in the simple expedient of people showing some appreciation and some gratitude for the daily toil and sacrifice of those about them. I have known plenty of women whose whole married life was nothing short of slavery, who were goaded on from day to day and year to year by hard and relentless poverty. who never had one hour that was free from anxiety and care and who never knew what it was to gratify a longing for anything pretty or dainty, but I never knew one who considered her- self ill-used or her lot hard, if she was sustained by the loving appreciation of her husband. I remember once saying to such a woman that it must be hard for her to always wear shabby clothes when she had been used, in her youth, to walk in silk attire. “Ah,” she said, with a contented smile, “Tom would dress me like a princess if he could, and to know that is better than to have anything that money could buy. Why, the other day he kissed my hand and a tear fell on it, because it had grown hard and callous working for him, and it seemed to me that it was brighter and more beautiful than a diamond.” It is a solemn fact, based on God knows what strange contra- diction of the feminine heart, that if you give a woman appreciation you need give her precious little else, and she will still consider herself blessed among her sex, and I have frequently wondered that husbands didn’t oftener indulge in it just as a good financial investment. A womian errs equally in taking it too much for granted that a man is glad to spend his life toiling for her, and that no word of acknowledgment is needed to show that she _ under- stands and appreciates all his sacri- fices. Say what you will, it is hard to work on day after day, as the average man does, just to pay grocery bills and school bills and doctors’ bills and dry goods bills, and to feel that he has been reasonably fortunate if at the end of the month he has evened up with the collector. Surely he must be more than mortal if, at times, he doesn’t think that the silent acquiescence of his fam- ily in accepting his labor is pretty poor pay for the luxuries and the pleasures he might have had if he had stayed single. It is sadly true that this view but seldom occurs to any woman, but it is one she may well consider and believe that in no other way can she so lighten the burden of life for her husband as by showing him that she appreciates his patient toil, the bravery of the unrecorded daily sacrifices, the heroism that keeps him, sick or well, at his post, that he may keep her safe and sheltered in the warmth of home When we all care for appreciation so much ourselves, what queer freak of human nature it is that makes us chary of bestowing it on others? | never go down town that I am not shocked at the brutal callousness of women who will make a tired clerk pull down stacks of goods or search for impossible shades, and who accept the service without even a grunt of acknowledgment of her politeness and patience. neg Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Nees 9 SyNee rccecren SALT 85 Years of Leadership For over 85 years the Morton Salt Company have been the leaders in the salt industry. During that time most of the product they distribute has been produced in the State of Michigan. The Morton plants in Michigan are the largest and most modern of any salt producing units in the world. They are used as models by salt manufacturers every- where. These plants employ thousands of people. They make shipments east to most of the Atlantic Coast states, as well as west to many points beyond the Mississippi River. Many southern states are also served from these Michigan plants. The Morton blue package and its famous slogan, “WHEN IT RAINS IT POURS,” is known the country over. It is in more homes than any other brand. Gro- cers everywhere have found it to be an unusually prof- itable item to feature in the sales which they hold to attract buyers to their store. This is because everyone buys salt and they all know the quality of Morton’s. When salt for any purpose is needed Morton can - make prompt shipment on quality merchandise at attractive prices. Morton Salt Company MAIN OFFICE CHICAGO Pee ae ae ae ae ae ae ae ee ee ee ae ee ee ee ee ee ee ae sie she she she shes, tn. tiiactiitactiinctinaatiinacdtinnatiin ee of cf shin chin chin.shin..tln. tina thin tlie tlle tile atti atin tellin attlltn attllti aelln atelier ottlitien tellin tll alle attlne altel tel. 64 There are servants whose mistresses never give a word of praise for good work done and children who insen- sibly feel that nobody appreciates them at home and that their little efforts at better manners and harder study are wasted. It is all a terrible mistake, born of our carelessnes, and the sooner we correct it the better. There is no quality better worth a woman’s culti- vation than the gift of appreciation. It is the magic that robs daily toil of its hardness and takes the bitterness out of life and fills it with sweetness and light. Dorothy Dix. —__~e 2. Prevention of Mental Diseases Dis- cussed by Specialist Our quest for mental health should ultimately be successful. It may be said to be already successful in large measure. Probably 900 of each 1,000 persons on the average go through life with a fair degree of mental health. About 45 of the remaining 100 become patients in a hospital for mental dis- eases during some portion of their lives. Many of the others constitute social misfits that are always with us. What can be done about the unfor- tunate 10 per cent.? With regard to some of these we can apply the thought ot Artemus Ward that they would be better off if they had not been born. They are here, however, mostly as bur- dens on society. In a few years they will be gone. Are we going to learn from expe- rience or are we going to produce an equal proportion of mentally inade- quate persons in the next succeeding generations? From the present atti- tude toward race improvement we can safely conclude that lessons of expe- rience will go unheeded and that the crop of social misfits will not fail for many years to come. It is easy for eugenically-minded persons to point the way to the production of more perfect human beings but to obtain even a small degree of co-operation in any movement for race betterment seems beyond hope. Efforts to restrict marriage and to sterilize the unfit may be helpful in small degree but their effect on the problem of mental disease must neces- sarily be small. Fortunately more hopeful methods of prevention are available. Withcut waiting for the evolution of more per- fect beings, certain very promising lines of preventive work may now be undertaken. Some of these and their probable effects will be briefly dis- cussed. 1. Assistance in the development or adjustment of the individual so that he may successfully meet the issues of life. Although a preventive agency can do little to modify inherited character- istics, it can do much to help to develop to the full the innate capacity of the individual, be such capacity great or small. To secure the best results we must begin with the child but effec- tive work may also be done with the adult. As a first step it becomes nec- essary to know the makeup of the in- dividual, his intellectual status, his emotional reactions and his physical condition. The physical and social en- vironment must also be taken into ac- count. It follows that the treatment ne MICHIGAN TRADESMAN must be adapted to the individual. It will naturally be most effective if be- gun before behavior disorders develop in the child or before mental disease develops in the adult. Such disorders miay be averted but their prevention is a far greater achievement. The child guidance clinic which has developed during the past decade has become an effective agency in dealing with the more marked abnormal con- ditions and behavior disorders of chil- dren. Its influence is already widely felt and will undoubtedly become greater as the work develops. The training given parents in connection with the treatment of the child is of the utmost significance. If children could be reared under good mental- hygienic conditions and could be train- ed to cope with the difficulties of life in a rational way a large part of the mental disease and delinquency prob- lems would be solved. Parents, teachers and others who have a part 1m the training of the young should become familiar with the mental hygiene of childhood and should en- deavor to build up in the children who come under their influence proper hab- its of work and thought and of emo- tional response. The early-formed be- havior patterns are of the greatest im- portance. They may serve to lift the child as he develops into places of prominence and usefulness, or may lead him into degradation and failure. The interest now being taken in mental hygiene by progressive parents and teachers augurs well for the fu- ture. We may confidently look for- ward to a time when young people will leave school well equipped to meet the difficulties of life, and to adjust to the most adverse conditions. 2. Development of mental hygiene conditions in home, school, industry and social life. The first line of preventive action discussed dealt with the development of the individual; the second relates to the environment. Here we are pro- ceeding along the lines that have proved so effectual in the prevention of physical disease. We have not yet acquired enough knowledge concerning mental hygiene to proceed with the assurance evi- denced in our work against typhoid fever, but we do know quite definitely the difference from a mental hygiene viewpoint between favorable and un- favorable environment. The front-line trenches in France probably consti- tuted the most unfavorable environ- ment for mental life that this genera- tion has known. Few persons could long withstand such an environment. Fortunately in ordinary civil life such extreme conditions are not encoun- tered. We do find, however, many distressing conditions that undoubtedly contribute to mental disease. Among the commonest of these are poverty, dissension in the home, noisy and ugly surroundings, lack of congenial com- panions, distasteful or unsuitable work, lack of wholesome recreation and other like conditions which cause frustration of hopes and general dissatisfaction and discouragement. The problem in prevention here is one of early contact with faltering in- dividuals and of giving relief of the right kind, not necessarily financial re- lief, but such change in environment or help in adjustment as may be needed to restore hope and courage. The prob- lem is not a simple one as it involves many factors and may require the co- operation of several agencies in its solution. 3. Elimination of the causes of or- ganic mental disease. In considering the prevention of organic mental disease we can speak in more definite terms, as the relation of cause to effect is much better under- stood in organic than in functional mental disease. It is, of course, recognized that no strict line of demarcation can be drawn between the organic and functional psychoses. It is customary to use the term organic to designate those psy- choses which accompany diseases or toxic states of the central nervous sys- tem. The whole organic group consti- tutes between 40 and 45 per cent of new cases. In 1929 among all first ad- missions to institutions for mental dis- ease in the state of New York, there were 4,098 organic cases, or 44.1 per cent. of the total. The group has no- tably increased in recent years. In 1920, the organic first admissions num- bered 2,605 and the percentage of the total was 35.9, Theoretically prevention of a large part of the organic forms of mental disease is possible, but thus far little progress has been made. 4. Dissemination of information per- taining to mental hygiene. Although no specific methods for the prevention of the functional mental diseases are available, it is generally believed that much can be accom- plished by the application of known principles of mental hygiene. We have already referred to the use of such principles in the training of children and in the adjustment of adults, but up to this time comparatively few persons have acquired a working knowledge of mental hygtene. That such knowledge would be welcomed by many is evi- denced by the avidity with which men- tal hygiene literature is sought when made available. The only way the great mass of young people can be reached is through the schools. Already mental hygiene courses are given in many colleges and normal schools and in a few high schools. Newer textbooks in hygiene and other teaching material in mental hygiene can easily be obtained. It seems probable that in a few years the general facts and principles of mental hygiene will be common knowledge. To what extent such knowledge will be utilized for the improvement of mental health and the prevention of mental disease can only be conjectured. We have at various times indulged the hope that preventive methods might greatly reduce the rate of inci- dence of mental disease. Some pallia- tive measures have been tried and the rate has continued to advance. We have definite evidence, however, that in many incipient cases of mental disease frank psychoses have been averted; children with serious behavior disor- ders have been adjusted; industrial misfits have been transformed into suc- cessful workers; the possibility of pre- venting many organic diseases has been demonstrated; and a great multi- Fiftieth Anniversary tude of persons are living happier and more efficient lives because of their. knowledge of mental hygiene. Dr. Horatio M. Pollock. Crews for Forest Fires In years past one of the most impor- tant problems of protecting California’s forest and watershed areas has been the matter of incendiary fires. Tre- mendous losses have occurred annually from incendiarism, and we have strong reason to believe that fires actually have been set by members of tempo- rary suppression crews recruited from itinerants. The system of using itinerants in fire-fighting activities was employed in Calif. until this year, when the State Board of Forestry. decided upon a pol- icy of establishing permanent suppres- sion crews stationed at strategic points throughout the state. It is a significant fact that while the first season is prac- tically half over, California has not yet had a single major fire, and fires which had menacing possibilities have been promptly suppressed. While it is a fact the State has had more favorable weather conditions than for several seasons, it seems rea- sonable to attribute the comparatively small losses of the current season to the permanent suppression crews, coupled with the activities of a special bureau to apprehend and prosecute in- cendiarists. Permanent Suppressing The small wage paid to members of suppression crews hastily recruited from itinerants, we believe, has been a constant temptation to many job- less men. We also believe these itin- erants have not fought fires as dili- gently as they might, knowing that when the fire was under control they would be out of their temporary jobs. Also, while we have been fighting one fire, new blazes have mysteriously broken out in the same locality. Last year, half of the loss incurred by the State in forest, brush and grain fires was directly traceable to incen- diarism. At the present time California has approximately 300 men employed in the suppression crews for a wage of $25 per month and board. All of them are more or less experienced in the matter of fire fighting. It has been found that under present economic conditions, at least, reliable local men can be obtained for these crews, and in every instance a reserve list has been made up for use in 'the event any mem- ber of a crew drops out. When the 1932 fire season was over, we found that, even with the initial expense of establishing these crews, that not only were the fire losses in the State materially less than in the previous years, but the actual cost of suppression was markedly lower. Undoubtedly the news of the State’s policy of hiring no transient labor in fire-fighting activities has percolated into the jugle camps throughout the State, as well as has the news that a vigorous law-enforcement campaign is being carried on. M. B. Pratt, State Forester of Calif. —_-~2-~e——— When a man has not good reason for doing a thing, he has one good rea- son for letting it alone.—Scott. Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 65 GENUINE GAS COKE is a Quality Fuel. It is clean because the dirt and soot making elements have been removed. It ranks high in heat unit content and low in ash. In every way it is a satisfac- tory fuel for your Home Heating. The present low price for Furnace Size Coke should appeal to thrifty-minded people. It IS a low price. Make no mis- take. You can heat your home econom- ically and satisfactorily with GAS “COKE. Sold in Grand Rapids by Gas Company ALL FUEL MERCHANTS MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary LIFE INSURANCE It Has Never Been Hed in Higher Esteem Imagine a fast-flying plane which could leave New York City at dawn and fly to San Francisco before dark. Picture this plane, carrying large bun- dies of currency, being met on its trans- continental trip by other planes which receive shipments of currency for each state in the Union. As this plane leaves New York at dawn it will be loaded with $8,306,709 in currency, which be- fore dark, is to be delivered to the American people in every section of the country. Start this plane from New York not once each month—not once each week—but each working day of the year, and you have in effect what the institution of life insurance did dur- ing the year of 1932. The records of 1933 will exceed even those of 1932. There are to-day 68,- 000,000 people, which is 54 per cent. of our entire population, who carry life in- surance. This is equal to two members for each family in the land. During 1933, millions of people found life in- surance to be the only solvent financial institution with which they were able to do business. Some 350 life insurance companies carried the load which thou- sands of banks had formerly carried. With these facts in mind, it is little wonder that life insurance is held in such high esteem. The kaiser’s war contributed greatiy to the appreciation of the American public for life insurance. However great this contribution was, it is over- shadowed to-day by the great lessons forcefully taught the American public during the dak days from 1929 to 1933. or truths, In fact, These valuable lessons, were no new fangled ideas. quite the contrary was true. They were old—indeed, very old-—-and while the public knew these lessons, they did not try to review their application. The first lesson has been taught con- tinuously for at least three thousand years. It is as follows: “Riches cer- tainly make themselves wings; they fly away.” Proverbs 23d chapter and 5th verse. It may be only a step from poverty to riches, but it is a million miles back from riches to poverty. After the easily and quickly gotten riches had taken wings,, the humiliation of coming down was so great that many destroyed themselves rather than go back to work. Then it was that the one-time meek and lowly life insurance policy provided food and shelter for the wid- ow and children. To the home where the bread-winner turned about cour- ageously and started over again, the life policy provided some cash funds as a grub-stake; and in addition, the pol- icyholder had the satisfaction of know- ing his family would be protected in the event of his decease. The policyholder who carried a large amount of life insurance quickly dis- covered that the cash value of his pol- icy was the only property he could realize upon, Further than this, he was not asked to discount its value. The value of life insurance alone remained 100 cents on the dollar. Many other forms of property failed during the crisis. Many a hard-boiled business man to-day has a profound respect for life insurance as a result of its recent performance and has definitely resolved that with the first upswing of business a larger percentage of his reserves will go into life insurance. A prominent historian once said: “Of all the inventions, those which have shortened distance have done most for humanity.” Life insurance is a scien- tific invention which shortens distance between what a father ultimately hopes to do for his dependents and what he has actually been able to do up to the present moment. This great scientific invention which, upon the death of the head of the family, assumes his respon- surance comes first in the minds of the American public to-day. The third lesson which has been taught the public is that no permanent gain can be made from speculation. It is just as natural for people to like to speculate as it is to like to explore. The wealth of the United States increases at the rate of about 4 per cent. annu- ally. Any increase at a faster rate is apt to cause a loss of principal. Few people to-day actually have the money they have saveh. There will always be those who are willing to speculate; however, a large part of our population has now come to consider that one should speculate only with money he can afford to lose. The problem of how the public is to know a speculation has Raleigh R. Stotz sibility to feed, clothe and shelter the dependents, was not known when the following was written: “My husband is dead and the cred- itor is come to take unto him my two sons to be bondsmen.”—II Kings, 4th chapter and Ist verse. Death releases the father, but binds the family. The widow and children go into bondage. Upon this familiar truth is based the second important lesson. Property values, once considered sufficient to provide for the dependents, have shrunk so much that they can not be depended upon. The average individual at the head of a family has definitely resolved to own sufficient insurance before any other investments are made. Life in- not been solved. However, it is gen- erally conceded that life insurance rep- resents a safe investment and this fact is more generally known to-day than ever before. ‘When the question of company fail- ures is discussed, it is well to remem- ber that, so far as can be known, each of the few failures was due to the vio- lation of some one of the sound: prin- ciples upon which the life insurance companies should be run. There is a profound difference between the sig- nificance of the failure of a man and the failure of a principle. There are to-day many people who recall the Armstrong investigation in 1906 and 1907 which was conducted by Charles Evans Hughes, to-day Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. This investigation resulted in New York state having the strictest insurance code of any state in the Union. Some of the sound principles underlying this code of laws have been violated by those few companies which have found themselves in difficulty. Probably not more than one or two per cent. of the total insurance in force is held by those few companies in diffi- culty. From 1915 to 1933 life insurance in force has increased 500 per cent. People are learning how good an investment life insurance really is. Life insurance has never been held in higher esteem. Raleigh R. Stotz. — +7 > Edible Part of Shark Fins The cartilaginous rays are the part of the shark used in making shark-fin soup. As high as $2.50 a pound retail is the price commanded by prepared shark fin in the markets of China, the Philippines and other Oriental coun- tries where this delicacy is most ap- preciated, Although shark fins are usually cut off and thrown away by fishermen and marketmen on the Pacific coast, says the Division of Fish and Game of the State of California, several tons a year are imported from the west coast of Mexico either to be shipped from Cali- fornia ports to the Orient or for local consumption of Oriental residents of the State. For the American-Chinese trade, shark fins are sometimes import- ed even from China. Merchants say that the demand for shark fins far exceeds the supply, as they are not only expensive but often difficult to obtain. The wholesale prices prevailing in 1931, of from 15 cents to $1.50 a pound, while not enough to support a special industry, it is pointed out, certainly offered an op- portunity for a profitable side-line. All fins of the shark are used, pro- vided they are at least six inches long; the tail fin is, however, of least value. The species of shark from which the fins are taken seems to be unimportant, so long as the fins are long enough and contain good-sized cartilaginous rays. In preparation for market, the fins are cut from the body of the shark and the flesh cut entirely away; the bare fins are then washed thoroughly in sea water. They are then spread out, pref- erably on chicken wire stretched two or three feet above the ground and left in the sun for about 14 days until they are stiff and hard as a board. For the first three days the fins should be taken under shelter during the night to protect them from mois- ture. They must never, during the dry- ing process, be stacked. After they are dried the fins should be packed in 200- pound lots in cases or barrels for ship- ment. In preparing the fins for use, the Chinese soak them in warm water un- til the cartilage softens and the rays can be separated out. These rays keep indefinitely when dried and are sold in retail stores. They are sliced up and boiled with chicken or other meat in the preparation of soup. —_22>_____ The final test of personality is to hold the family’s attention while you read interesting items aloud. & F:ftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 67 2 ~ BATRA SAT TRS? LN SL SL RS PS 2 : I 1p zi ] 7) 7) 4 i QUOUUUEOEUEOUENUOGUOUENUCEUAUUUODEOUOOOOSEOOOOUUUOGUEEAECUSUGUUCCOOOOUECEEOCEOOUCUEOOEOUECUUUUOUOOU ECCT EEEDCUTETTETTE OE CUEEEEOUOCAOTEEEOUUOGUTEEOEOO UGS EEOD OOOO ETA E OEE j a Sill k Mallil! J “, Ke MI Ke MI ik Stl MI | | | Ke Ni tl ilIke MI | RW I Ke 1) tit Ike 7] We sateen TZ : CONGRATULATIONS TO THE TE TTT ] -— Michigan Tradesman = ON THEIR MN FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY IIHT 4 P—___—_ Detector of Poison on Fruit Research over the period of a year has resulted in the Food and Drug Administration’s discovery of a new method of detecting lead in foods and cosmetics. Inspection of fruits for presence of lead contained in spray residue is one of the most important functions of the Administration, points out P. A. Clif- ford, associate chemist. Investigators were previously handicapped by the lack of quick methods of detection; but with the new method the presence of lead can be shown within 30 min- utes. The chemical reagent, “dithizone,” which will enable food inspectors to determine quickly the presence of lead instead of having to go through a long process taking about two days, was de- scribed to the Association of Agricul- tural Chemists in their meeting in Washington during the past week. H. J. Wichmann, Administration chemist, said that the new method will be largely used in inspecting shipments of apples and pears, fruits which are likely to be infected with spray residue. The method consists in isolating lead in a solution and adding the re- agent, which will show by the forma- tion of red, blue or purple precipitates the amount of lead present. Candies containing prizes made of lead and cosmetics which are known to contain lead may be examined in the same way. “Dithizone,” the chemical reagent used in making the tests, was first im- ported from Germany about a year ago. The German product was found to be only about 20 per cent. pure, ac- cording to Mr. Clifford. The Administration was faced with the necessity of developing a_ better product if satisfactory methods of using the reagent were to be developed. Both the laboratory in Washington and that in San Francisco have suc- ceeded in developing “dithizone” which is 98 per cent. pure. Discovery of the color method of lead detection will be of great assistance in enabling the Administration to con- vince juries in courts of law that there are products which must be outlawed, according to Mr. Clifford. In. the past, lead poisoning from spray residue and other sources has had a serious effect. Small amounts of lead absorbed over a period of time. says Mr. Clifford, lead to chronic ill- ness. Lead poisoning can develop to the point where it causes decay of the bones, teeth, various forms of paral- ysis, changes in the blood composition, and digestive disturbances. —__> +> ____ Method to Retain Flavor of Refrig- erated Poultry Glazing of quick frozen poultry, especially Long Island ducks, by dip- ping them in cold water after they have been hardened by extreme low temperatures has been found effective in protecting the appearanee of the meat as well as in keeping down the bacteria content. Thomas W. Heitz, Associate Market Specialist, and T. L. Swenson, Assist- ant Bacteriologist, Department of Ag- riculture, have found that the ice glaze —like so much tight fitting celophane —remained intact after 7!4 months in storage. Hardness and permanence of this glaze is assured by the dry ice method of initial treatment. The ice coating, it was found, pre- vented the wrinkling of the skin on storage poultry and also seemed to protect the skin from freezer “burns” which in the past have kept down the mraket value of cold storage poultry. Tests made by the Bureau of Home Economics show that the flavor of the meat was retained by this method of refrigeration. —_2>>+____ Thrift is better ‘than an annuity. PENNIES for ELECTRICITY BUY A LOT OF ANY OF THESE SERVICES ... Today there are more electrical con- veniences than ever A — for better home living, more conven- econ- ience, more omy. Such things as an THE HOME . Low AS KILOw ATT More used Hour the lowe rT ‘ aa the Price” refrigeration, radio, the new washers and a host of other devices. These are things every family wants to enjoy. The important thing is to be able to use larger amounts of electricity at small cost. Home rates provide that as use in- you can now do. creases, the price drops... hour. The average for ALL hom now less than HALF of “pre-war’ LIGHTING ... now as This low as 2c a kilowatt e electricity used is ’ prices, The difference between good and poor lighting means the difference between eye-strain, nerv- ousness, gloomy rooms—and real comfort. For example, you can have G le OOD LIGHT in a favorite reading lamp all evening for......- REFRIGERATION .. . Electric refrigeration means eliminating other expenses and saving food. Pays for itself. You can enjoy several hours of food protection for RADIO... You can bring the world to your home—enjoy a whole evening’s news, ment for . . . - WASHING ... Save money. Enjoy economical, effortless wash- ing electrically per hour (average) .... CLEANING ... Frequent cleaning saves rugs and furnishings. The house can have a good going-over for... COOKING... Modern automatic ranges whole cooking problem, saving food, time and The cost for electricity per meal per money. person is less than... . TAXES This record of econom- ical service has been ac- complished in the face of taxes that have increased 300% since the war... have increased twice as fast as the business to pay them. Taxes are part of the cost of serving you. The bigger the tax boost. the bigger the obstacle to reduced rates. le le le le education, entertain- have changed the le These are a few sample:. They show what a world of convenience, comfort, time- saving and economy can be had for so little cost. Pennies count these days—they buy more than ever here. CONSUMERS POWER CO. 70 Looking Back Sixty Years in the Gro- cery Business I started to work for Rasch Bros., on old Canal street, near Bridge street, when Canal street was paved with cob- ble stones and the sidewalks were three feet above the pavement. At that time John afterawvards mayor of our city, had a store at the corner of Kent street and Michigan street, and George W. Thayer was on the corner of Canal street and Bridge. Big John Cordes and his two sons were across the street. Phillip Kusterer was next to Rasch Bros. Then going up Canal street Mike Cauffeld had a store near the Wurzburg dry goods store, and then came the Crawford Bros. on Grab Corners, so-called at that time. Up Monroe avenue, corner of Ionia street, was Rice & Moore, and across the street was E. J. Herrick and also the A. & P. store and then Ira Hatch and the Bemis Bros. and Daane & Witters and out South Divi- sion street was Philip Graham and B. S. Harris, the big men on that street. In 1879 Mr. Rasch, the man I was working for, had a small store on West Bridge street and I bought a half inter. est and we started the business under the name of Rasch & Lehman. For twelve years our partnership lasted and then I built the block at 334-336 Bridge street. That was in 1889. I moved in my new store on labor day and contin- ued in business for twenty-five years. A. J. Rose had a store on the corner of Scribner and Bridge and then sold to Frank Parmenter, then to J. E. Fur- man and then Arnott Bros. Brogger’s Killean, who was MICHIGAN had a store on Front avenue, Berles on the corner of Turner avenue, Rad- macher & Konkle and Charles Pet- tersch and Joe Lambrix and further out was Mr. Butcher and Tony Vidro on Stocking avenue. When I look back over the fifty years that I was on Bridge street, I J. George Lehman am the last one left. The grocery bus- iness in those days had its ups and downs and the many panics. I cannot remember of any which was as hard as the one we are passing through now, however. I remember how the city moved the market at different times. At one time TRADESMAN it was down where the Berkey & Gay factory now stands, and then we moved up on Monroe street, near the corner of North Division and then on South Ionia across from the Tradesman of- fice, then farther down by the union depot and finally the city bought the island, where the old steamboat land- ing was, and many a time did I ride on the old Barrett boat down the river. How I did enjoy the grocery busi- ness and especially with the men I have mentioned, Our long and faith- ful friend, Mr. E. A. Stowe, at all times was much help to us men in our business, and how thankful I am that I can tell it to him now. Great changes have taken place in the grocery business from the time when I started. The chain stores have made the old fashioned groceryman get out of the ruts and remodel his store, which I think was very much needed. J. George Lehman. —_—_»>+>___ White and Brown Eggs Which is the better type of egg, those with dark shells or those with white shells? Consumers in Boston and Philadel- phia apparently prefer the darker tint in eggs. However, consumer opinions on the matter vary widely. Dr. M. A. Jull, of the Poultry Sec- tion, United States Bureau of Animal Industry, says that no definite scien- tific data has been developed to show which type of egg is superior or whether there is any difference. A claim that the eggs with darker shells keep better might well be based on the fact that dark glass bottles are Fiftieth Anniversary known to preserve food and drug prod- ucts better. Where there is much ex- posure to light this would also apply to eggs; although in storage eggs are usually kept in complete darkness and therefore are not subject to this factor. Food content of the light and dark eggs seems to be about the same, Dr. Jull says, and in weight and size there is no special advantage. Poultry farms which specialize in egg production gen- erally produce white eggs, but those which raise poultry chiefly as a meat product produce dark-shelled eggs. This is because most of the larger types of poultry do not lay white eggs. The egg production of the United States is estimated to be about 25 per cent. white and 75 per cent of the vari- ous shades of brown. —_—e-+ Prayer Cake of Germany Pennsylvania’s mammoth pretzel production, which in recent years has been valued at between $3,000,000 and $4,000,000, has developed some inter- esting inquiries as to the origin of the twisted delicacy, according to a state- ment issued by the Pennsylvania De- partment of International Affairs. During last year the quantity pro- duction in Pennsylvania was approx- imately 22,000,000 pounds. According to one story, the pretzel had its origin in Germany. It was sup- posedly developed by some German monks, who called it the “prayer cake” because its shape represented arms folded as in prayer. The cakes were distributed to children for some meri- torious work or acts. Another story says that the pretzel was originated by the Romans, who ever you see the sign tising member of the wholesale grocery in ahead to new endeavors. by organizing the AFFILIATED GROCERS. One twenty seven of our three hundred members have availed them- selves of this service and mo re are joining weekly. Wher- "ici cites eS ee ee ee ee ee a er gr ae ne ar aie ae -aeraT oa LIKE A BABE IN ARMS Compared to the Michigan Tradesman is the Grand Rapids Wholesale Grocery. However, in our comparatively few years of existance we have battled for the same objectives for the independent grocer in a material way. We have helped our members weather economic storms and today we are forging Michigan. The Grand Rapids Wholesale Grocery gie..ntntitantitectlins tle. dle, tie, se al se il a al i i i i OE EE ee ee ae ee a ee” ae OE ee ee ee ee 4 } { , ‘ , { , { , q } { } ‘ } { } { } { } { , { p { } { } { Our most recent move is to render a merchandising service ) , 4 { , { } { } { } 4 } { } { } { , { } { , { } { , { } { P { hundred you will find an adver- largest retail owned 7: % s a 4 a " @ Sa Spates rennin Ett pag ree Lhe Petia bent Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 71 transformed the word “annus,” mean- ing year, into “annulus,” meaning “year ring.”’” The spokes in the pretzel, run- ning from the center, were held to symbolize the four seasons of the year. Undoubtedly the pretzel had its ori- gin many years ago, but to-day indi- cations are that modern users are satis- fied with the delicacy. The continued increase in production is taken as a proof of this and a still larger output is anticipated in 1933 because of the return of beer with which the pretzel long has been associated. —_——_~+~-+.—____ New Strawberry Varieties of Good Dessert Quality Improvement in the quality of straw- berry desserts may be the outcome of recent plant development work of the Department of Agriculture. Three new varieties of strawberries, the Dorsett and Fairfax, for the east- ern part of the country, and the Nar- cissa for the Northwest, have produced excellent results the past season. The Department says that because of the dessert quality, attractive appearance, vigor, and productiveness of these va- rieties, it is now encouraging their in- troduction for trial into sections of the country which have a suitable climate. The Dorsett variety has the char- acteristic that when the fruit is over- ripe the flavor does not become so ob- jectionable as in many other varieties. Fairfax strawberries are notable for handsome appearance. The berries are much firmer than present commercial varieties grown in the East. The fruit retains its flavor in cool, wet weather. The Narcissa has been attacked by disease in the East. In Oregon it has been outstanding in yield, dessert qual- ity, and vigor of plant, and especially in its resistance to fruit rots. —_—_++.____ _ Wise Buying of Canned Food As winter comes on, the business of keeping the family food bill down be- comes more than ever a matter of real- ly knowing food values. It becomes also a matter of knowing your cans, and how much the cans hold. Canned tomatoes, canned corn and beans and peas, canned peaches, and other canned goods are for most of us cheaper than the fresh foods at this time of year. How closely do you notice the cans? asks the United States Bureau of Home Economics. Do you read the label, to see what you are getting for your money? And, having read the label, do you keep track of the size you bought last week at 10 cents a can, and compare it with the cans you got to- day at three for a quarter—thinking they were a bargain? There are cans and cans. Unless you have looked closely at the sizes, set up in a row, you may not realize how many there are. Even as they stand in a row, you probably would not realize what different quantities they hold, if you trust to your eye alone. Measure them, says Paul M. Wil- liams, marketing specialist of the United States Bureau of Agricultural Economics, and you will be astonished by the difference a fraction of an inch can make. One size of can which when empty will just slip inside the next larger size holds a quarter of a pound less corn or lima beans than the larger one. And these are common sizes of cans for vegetables, Mr. Williams points out. One holds 20 ounces net; the other, a little smaller, holds an even pound. You can hardly tell the differ- ence as you see them on the shelves, or even in your hand, unless you observe them closely. When you read advertisements offer- ing baked beans, 6 cans for 25 cents; or lima beans, 3 medium cans for 20 cents; or standard tomatoes, 3 medium cans for 20 cents, you have to figure things out for yourself like this: If “medium” cans hold 16 ounces you would pay 6.6 cents per pound for your tomatoes. If “medium” cans hold 20 ounces, you would pay 5.6 cents per pound. Or, to put it the other way round, you would get 9 ounces more for 20 cents in the one case than in the other. If you were buying corn, which is heavier than tomatoes, you would get 12 ounces more for your 20 cents. The answer, of course, is: Never for- get to read the label on canned goods. It tells you how much the can holds, and helps you to get your money’s worth. ae Strapping Simplified When steel strapping to strengthen wood and fiber boxes was first intro- duced, it was a slow, rather involved hand process. Gradually it has been made simpler, until, with the latest de- velopments, it is almost a case of “You press the button, we do the rest.” On the newest strapping machine there are two levers which resemble the gear shift in your automobile. Move the first one with your left hand, and a steel strap around the box which is being bound is brought into proper tension Move the other with a single stroke of the right hand, and a seal moves out of an automatic feeding hop- per, the joint where one end of the strap reaches the other end is sealed, and the strap cut from its coil. —_—___-o--« A new, low-priced miniature camera, moulded entirely from synthetic plastic is on the market. Weighs three ounces is three inches high, takes six snaps (1% x 1-9/16) on a tiny roll-film. Fiftieth Anniversary of the Tradesman You can tell a sturdy oak Amidst ten thousand trees Or a mount which ever woke To morning’s promises With strength to vision closely wed What wisdom wooed! What spirit sped This man of destinies. Growing oaks are living things Accumulating worth To a mount the storm-cloud clings Yet watereth the earth. With goodly weal to verdure wed How fellowman he nourished And gave to hope new birth. Here we see a noble form Yet plain simplicity; A beetling cliff withstanding storm For such a man is he That fifty years reveal a will To serve with greater purpose still The Tradesman yet to be. Charles A. Heath. aD To look fearlessly upon life; to ac- cept the laws ‘of nature, not with meek resignation, but as her sons, who dare to search and question; to have peace and confidence within our souls—these are the beliefs that make for happiness —Maeterlinck, ~~» - Fame? What else is there, 1f you con't care for money? UNION BANK OF MICHIGAN Nionroe - Ottawa - Fountain GRAND RAPIDS | ' Every Banking Service NO SECURITIES FOR SALE 72 THE SPIRIT OF GREED As Exemplified By the Heart of Cain* Governor Horner, Mayor Kelly, Mr. Dawes, Mr. President and members: It is one of the outstanding pleas- ures of my life that my good friend, the President, Mr. Wisdom, has be- stowed upon me the special honor of responding to the generous expressions of welcome to which you have just listened. For more than ten years I have been interested in the National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers and Treasurers, and have derived much pleasure and benefit from attending their conventions. I have become ac- quainted with and found friendships with members from many states, whose co-operation and timely advice I very much appreciated. For ten years I served Wisconsin as State Treasurer. Out of the experi- ences of that service—out of a know]- edge of life spent in close contact with the people who have made America grow-—-I have learned a lesson. That lesson is that there can be no progress in home—in office—or in State—except through the doorway of honesty. I am no longer a young man. I have had political advancement and honors that I scarcely even dreamt of. I am looking back upon life. I am compar- ing the history of all peoples with the trials and troubles which beset my countrymen of this generation. As men grow older they look back through the history of nations to com- pare the experiences of people who have gone before, with those who are inhabiting the earth at the present time. People change but little. Nations grow strong and then fall into decay. Nations grow weak because they de- part from the pathways of righteous- ness. In the beginning of the world there were families which knit together to protect each other. When _ several families came together and remained together they became a tribe. When their relatives multiplied the tribes be- came a society. Yet with all this growth, the weaknesses of the family have been carried into society. The Bible tells us that Cain and Abel belonged to a family. Cain hated Abel. Abel had qualities of strength— qualities of uprightness — qualities of virtue which made him stand out among his fellowmen. Cain disliked his brother because he possessed these fine qualities. Cain wanted to be as successful as his brother. In his heart grew the spirit of hate. In his mind came murderous thoughts. In_ his prayers he asked for destruction of his brother and then he killed him. The stain of that murder has stamped itself upon all the history of mankind. Families disagree and there is hate. Parents disagree and there is divorce. Towns and cities and counties disagree, and an unweclome and heavy burden of taxes is shouldered upon the poor. Nations disagree and there is war — depression —and famine. The *Response of Mr. Solomon Levitan, State Treasurer of Wisconsin, to the addresses of welcome at the National Convention of State Auditors, Comp- trollers and Treasurers, Sept. 5, at Chi- cago. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN blood of Cain is upon the whole world. It writes its message in the customs of families, in business dealings, and in state affairs, There would be no de- pression to haunt the silent factory, and the supperless table if the spirit of Cainism were driven from public life. According to official reports to this Government made in 1929 there were 504 millionaires in the United States. The number of millionaires in the United States at the close of the Kai- ser’s war was thirty-three. When the number of millionaires increases the number of people who are poor multi- plies. This spirit of taking all you can away from your fellowman has _in- creased the number of millionaires in this nation, but it has multiplied by a hundredfold the number of poor in the nation. I know that the man who adulterates his food product is poisoning a nation by the same spirit of greed as stirred in the heart of Cain. I know that a nation that permits its poor to go un- fed while the rich live lavishly in homes like castles will have dark days ahead. The whole trouble with this nation is “Cainism.” The cause of this depression is Cainism The road to recovery is through the thrift and the virtues and the righteousness of Abel. During the past ten years thousands of businesses have gone into bankrupt- cy. During the past five years, nearly ten per cent. of the entire country’s farms have been lost through fore- closures. During the past five years, millions of dollars have been lost by depositors in banks. Solomon Levitan Until the National administration started its recovery program there were fifteen million people unemployed in the United States. They were un- employed because the greed of busi- ness has permitted a condition to arise in this country that has pauperized millions. Men are unemployed be- cause governments so submit to the wealthy that they will not apply the righteousness of Abel to the powerful. The wealthy who refused to co-operate in a crisis were called “profiteers” dur- ing the War; in peace time they were called “chiselers:” but they are real public enemies in these days of dis- tress. I have no quarrel with business. [I have been a business man all my life. I Raa I TET ST The pathway which business men and farmers and home-owners have traveled in the past ten years has been strewn with the bones of speculation and financial failure. Speculation has ruined legitimate business. Speculation among the higher-up ruined the farm- ers. This spirit of speculation—this at- tempting to get something without work—this attempting to steal from your fellowman by legalized methods —has brought on this depression. The great mass of people who have sat idly by have seen this period of speculation — they have seen the mounting scale of homes broken—of old virtues swept away—of men gone money-mad. They have lost confi- dence. And this loss of confidence shakes nations to-day. Fiftieth Anniversary If the people have no confidence in their businessmen, it is because busi- nessmen have not given them the fair- square deal to which they are entitled. If people have lost confidence in their banks, it is because bankers have not always dealt fairly with their custom- ers. If people have lost confidence in government it is because the govern- mental leaders have been lax in their duties. If people have lost confidence in God, it is because the spirit of Cain- ism—the spirit of greed sways their intelligence. I speak to you to-day in this way because in your own communities each and every one of you are leaders—each and every one of you by education, ex- perience and training have built up a reputation within your own communi- ties—each and every one of you are beloved by your people. The Nation calls for men of your stamp and intel- ligence. It tells you not to be coward- ly in these dark days. It tells you to be brave of spirit. It tells you to go out into your own communities to help drive from the threshold of home, shop and Government this spirit of hate and greed which has crept into our indus- try, our social structure and even into our attitude towards mankind in gen- eral. It asks you to dedicate your influ- ence to spreading a gospel of right- eousness and tolerance. These are days of atonement—these are hours when men of clear head and clean heart should lift up their voices. They should welcome with the coming dawn the spirit of brotherly love. At the convention last year I was appointed chairman of the committee to designate the place of our 1933 con- vention. The committee, with the knowl- edge that the Century of Progress was to be held in Chicago this year, unani- mously voted to hold our convention here. From the reception we have re- ceived and the fact that your time is to be well and advantageously filled, there seems to be no question that the choice will prove to have been a wise one, Governor Horner, Mayor Kelly and Mr. Dawes, on behalf of the National Association of State Auditors, Comp- trollers and Treasurers, I wish to thank you for your splendid welcome. We know you are extremely busy men, and thoroughly appreciate your having taken the time to come here and be with us. ———_+9__ New and novel re-use containers keep bobbing up: A spice company is packing prepared mustard in a gradu- ated glass container which serves as a measuring cup when empty; an oil company is marketing a household pol- ish pack containing a liquid wax bottle which, through a lamp shade and fix- ture offered with the pack, can be con- verted into a table lamp; another com- pany promoted summer tea sales by offering 100 two-cup tea bags in an iced tea pitcher sealed with transparent cellulose. ——>+->———_. A new, rapid process for hardening low-carbon steel, malleable or cast iron is said to produce an extremely hard, ductile surface, sufficiently deep to resist unusual wear and abrasion. ——---.___ Set your sail according to the wind. aa eee Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 73 SINCE 1897 the New Era has enjoyed a happy business relationship with The Michigan Tradesman. Each striving for our ideals, which in their fundamentals have many points of similarity, we have gone down through the years with many pleasant associations marked upon the milestones along the way. It is with this background of business friendship that we, with true sincerity, congratulate the Michigan Tradesman upon this occasion of its Fiftieth anniversary and extend our best wishes that even greater opportunities for service may be opened up for the Trades- man in the days to come. New Era Life Association Legal Reserve Life Insurance HOME OFFICE 126 Sheldon Avenue, S. E. Grand Rapids, Michigan The Joseph P. Lynch Sales Co. 150 Louis Street Grand Rapids, Michigan Extend to Mr. E. A. Stowe sincere con- gratulations on the 50 years splendid service he has rendered the Re- tail Merchants of Michigan through The Trades- man and wish him Health, Happiness and Continued Success for many years to come WANTED There was never a time when this country needed men, real men, as badly as right now. We are not thinking now of the overall and white collar group, out of jobs and practically helpless, but we are thinking of employers and employees with incomes who are not measuring up as real men. Using the times as an alibi, they are holding tight to their money which should be handed over to those whom they owe. From the bottom of our heart we pity the man who wants to work, but can find no work to do; but in these times particularly we are thoroughly out of patience with the man who is favored and then becomes a slacker. Such a man is an enemy to the human race. Yes, men are wanted — badly wanted — with spiritual qualities of the old fashioned kind — honesty, in- dustry and sympathy—not only doing their share, but ready to go the sec- ond mile. One such in every com- munity will leaven the lump. O God! Give us such men! Sincerely, Uncle Jake KALAMAZOO VEGETABLE PARCHMENT CO. 74 RUSSIAN REFUGEES IN ROME They Made It Pleasant For Their Guests The “pension” of Princess Wolkon- sky—pension being being Continental for boarding house—is on the third floor in the Piazza Mignanelli. Accord- ing to quaint Continental usage, such location is called ‘‘second floor” be- cause “first” is one flight up. The building is an old palace, stately, im- posing in outline, handsome—and plen- ty draughty: especially as to the spa- cious open stone stairway from the “sround” to the “first” floor. Thence one ascends a second flight, also stone, in a semi-sheltered hallway, to the Princess’s doorway. We had been directed there by a Naples friend, but arriving in Novem- ber, when Roman winds are chill, we decided not to stop with the Princess. But our next visit to Rome was in April and we planned to stay only a week or so and our impression of the Princess was so pleasing that we went directly to her. Then, whether it was that our views of stairways had been modified by wider Italian experiences —as, believe me, they well could be— or, more probably, that the atmos- phere of this charming place grew on us rapidly, it were hard to tell; but quite promptly we inclined to feel sorry that we had not stopped there from the start. The layout of the Princess’s menage was limited by the fact of its being one floor of the palace. One entered a rather large entrance hall, but that was now the dining room, so one cir- cled around the table. Immediately to the right was the kitchen, through which, incidentally, one gained the garden by a winding iron stair and, through the garden, a street on a high- er level than the Piazza Mignanelli. But no room in the house was other than spacious, with high ceilings and generously large, high windows were everywhere. We were assigned to a truly hand- some room with two immense win- dows looking across the Piazza Mig- nanelli and the contiguous Piazza di Spagna to the Spanish Embassy, con- tinuous in the same quarters for over 300 years. The Wolkonsky household was distressed even as we arrived by the change which had just occurred from the monarchy of Spain to the republic and the switching of the fa- miliar national banner to the new one. The location is a famous center of Rome, a heart-spot of the ancient city. The Propaganda, for example (Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide — Holy Congregation for the Propaga- tion of the Faith) has occupied quar- ters in the Piazza di Spagna since its inception, several centuries back. Just around a corner from the Piazza Mignanelli is one of the lavishly play- ing fountains for which Rome is re- markable. A few steps along is a mag- nificent marble stairway rising to the jevel of a gently inclined walk along which one goes easily to the Pincian Hill, whence one looks over a marble ballustrade of regal proportions onto *This is not a demand for interven- tion, but only to say that there are cases when opportunism must yield to moral requirements, MICHIGAN the Piazza del Popolo—another heart- spot of Rome—and views the sunset. At the base of the great stairway in the Piazza di Spagna cluster a num- ber of flower stands where, for a few pennies, one can gather wonderful blossoms in armfuls; and half way up the stair is the house in which Keats died, which of late years was occupied by Axel Munthe, while he wrote his stirring Story of San Michele. Our neighborhood held unlimited interest. Our room was furnished in truly handsome style with great presses or wardrobes—for closets are not even yet built into Continental residence buildings—great chests of drawers, desks, chairs, mirrors, settees, and the usual delightfully comfortable Italian twin beds. Our ceiling was decorated TRADESMAN customed to wait until 7:30 to 8 for the dinner, but I will say this: that the Princess’s feedings were so su- premely excellent that much more than late dinner habits could have been readily condoned. I have told of generous Italian eat- ing, so now only mention the soup served this first evening; a most deli- cious dish, a good meal in itself, tasty beyond description. This was Gresh- nyawaia Kasha, and not too much name at that. The Princess promised us the recipe, but we got away without it, much to my present regret. How portray the personnel of this unique abode? Aware that my words will be inadequate, I yet wish to de- scribe our surroundings and atmos- phere. Paul Findlay with hand painted flowers and figures. The center, on which our eyes opened in the morning, was a pair of distinctly underdressed, full habited females, sort of mixed up with a cornucopia effect. It was all very Roman—lots of com- fortless grandeur, always characteris- tic of those old time palaces. But there was a porcelain stove in our room and we were cosy and com- fortable, especially as the Princess her- self soon appeared to welcome us and provide a snack consisting of full-fla- vored Russian tea, rolls and marma- lade. The snack was welcome because here the dinner was set at the extreme hour we had yet experienced on the Conti- nent—8 o'clock. It was difficult for us all through our travels to become ac- The central figure was the Princess, a woman well along in years—though not what we should properly call old —a perfect specimen of the traditional, high born lady, refined of face and fig- ure, and a thoroughbred in her quiet yet complete acceptance of the cata- clysmic changes which had been vis- ited upon her and hers; her brother, the Prince; the brother’s son; and an ancient woman servant, a retainer in the family; not unlikely born into that condition — for over half a century. There was a Roman cook and one or two housemaids in addition. There was an expatriate American woman, evidently of some moderate means, who occupied two large rooms into which she had put her own be- longings of furniture, books, nicknacks Fiftieth Anniversary collected on her wideflung travels; a harmonious, beautiful layout. This was her home. She came and went as she listed. She was a regular and, as she liked to have it appear, a vigorous worker iv the church—the church of Rome. Hence her talk was liberally bseprinkled with references to what “The Holy Father” said and did on various occasions. Her loquaciousness was not unentertaining. It was alto- gether harmless, and if she took her- self a bit seriously, who among us has not ‘his little foibles? Another permanent resident was a middle-aged English woman semi- expatriate. She spent about half the year in Rome; a painter, one of the great number who “do’—and she did altogether quite well— bits of Rome and surroundings. But this lady took herself not a bit seriously. She paint- ed, evidently, because she enjoyed it. She had no delusions of outstanding excellence in her performances. To paint was pleasure and occupation to her and she did it simply and without affectation: a really charming person to meet with anywhere—as simple, gen- uine and sincere as any child. One or two others, men and women, came to table at various times of whom no distinct impression abides. But the entire set-up was so limited that one could hardly see how the income could balance the outgo; for, counting the Princess and her family, there were as many servants and others dependent on the revenue as there were payers thereof. And yet, such is not unusual in the aspect of those pensions. Any number of them can not make any money. That they hang together and eke out a livelihood is accountable only on the basis of low cost provisions and wages incredibly tiny; and it must also be remembered that the “lady” of the household, whereever you find her, in whatever capacity, does no menial work whatever. Seldom do you find her going even to the length of one young Swiss landlady in Nice who “spelled” her husband at the carving and serving table. The Wolkonskys were Russian ref- ugees who had got out in 1917, almost if not quite with the Bolshevik wolves on their heels. They do not talk much of their experiences—in fact, can not be made to talk. Evidently, their ex- periences were too terrible for ordi- nary conversational portrayal. Their lives were literally swept from familiar moorings. Accustomed to the apex of carefree refinement; brought up in the belief and conviction that their lives were to be what former generations had enjoyed; in an instant they were fugitives and beggars. That was about the situation as one could gather it. For background, the brother was a priest in the Russian Greek church and in appearance he ran true to form. He, like the Princess, was tall and spare. He carried the characteristic full beard and wore the long black flowing overgarment of the Greek priest, which added considerably to his apparent height. How come that he had a son in sight and, if I mistake not, another— perhaps several other offspring—else- where? He explained: “You are perhaps surprised to find a priest with children. But it is not only permissible that priests of the Greek Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 75 The Michigan Tradesman has had 50 years of success BUT ALL COMPANIES HAVE NOT For Example: The carriage makers, New England textile manufacturers and others. Inventions and other developments affect all companies. Investors should watch these changes. Guard against such developments by constant supervision of your Investments. Our statistical department is available to you without obligation. Complete Investment Service J. H. PETTER & CO. Michigan Trust Building Phone 94416 Grand Rapids, Michigan cm aon a scrap esas teaniconttiertinisensumtamtasicttenin ste tntcstte restate tetas net ENO NNT MUNE OT NC TENET AN LEA LO I ORE 76 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary church marry: it is mandatory. They must be married.” Then it developed that his wife had died, though when or under what cir- cumstances I did not learn. Now the son, a truly handsome, altogether fine young man, was studying architecture and doing it supremely well in serious minded fashion. Anybody could be proud in the possession of such a son. Now, it is familiar fact to all of us that Europeans learn languages as a matter of course, and we know that no people have ever surpassed the mem- bers of old Russian high society, the educated classes, in the acquisition of many tongues, Nevertheless, it is a really surprising experience to meet with living specimens who evince this fact; for the purity and perfection of pronunciation, the fullness of vocab- ulary, the exactness of expression, the readiness and adequate range — these features were astonishing. At table or in the adjourned after- dinner conversation, there was no dis- tinction between the language of the English woman and that of the Wol- konskys. Listening, without seeing, a stranger could not distinguish the na- tive from the foreigner by any accent or quirk of pronunciation. When we remember that English is only one of their acquirements — that they are equally at home in French, Italian, English, German and quite possibly other languages—we are apt to attain greatly enhanced respect for the thor- oughness of such culture. The Princess was not robust. Not only did she not perform any of the work about the house—such as we understand the term-—she was relieved of negotiations and all other details by her stalwart brother, and, while I think she planned perhaps all the meals, which surely evinced planning of the skilfullest order, that was about all she did. The ancient maid was a character. All of 70 years old and more than slightly infirm from something akin to rheumatic ailment, she yet was a serv- ant born and bred. To claim immunity from the servant’s lot or any consider- able amelioration thereof would not occur to her so long as she might be able to drag herself about. I do not mean to say that she had to do that. She was quite capable of what was put upon her; nor would the Wol- konskys have neglected her in any re- spect or degree had she become ill or helpless. What I seek to bring out was the attitude of this retainer of the old Rus- sian noble house. Sisters under the skin women may be. The mistress and the servant might be nearly the same age and might evince similar physical failings, but the gulf between them could never be closed—not even in death. So this old girl tended our room with careful diligence; brought us any- thing we hinted at; did any little extra that we either indicated or that she thought of herself; and when we came to leave, the gift of the equivalent of 75c for eight days of such devotion nearly overwhelmed her. ~_ + + Now, despite the reticence about their lives at which I have hinted, I succeeded in gaining an insight into some of the Prince’s opinions, hopes, fears and aspirations. Thus one eve- ning it came about that he gave me a document he had written in the hope of getting it published to the world. The reading of it stirred me peculiarly— so much so that I asked his permis- sion to copy it, which he readily granted. Because, despite its interest to me, it seemed rather iengthy, I have held it now for nearly three years, thinking that I might curtail it suit- ably or make a resumé of it. But each time I have gone over it, it seemed that curtailment or revision would rob it of its essence. So now I take advan- tage of this annual edition of the Tradesman, when we readers are likely to feel a sense of leisure, to give it to you just as it came to me. What it may mean to any of us must depend on his own background, convictions, prejudices and all that; but in any event, here is more than a hint of a world that has gone—a so- ciety that has vanished—the sweeping away into utter oblivion of a way of life not likely to be re-established dur- ing the present cycle of civilization. To me it carries a flavor of wistfulness, of more than simple regret for the pas- sing of a stratum of society that in it- self was perhaps the most gracious of our day and generation. What capacity have we for insight into such a phenomenon? We Ameri- cans should understand best of all the world. For only yesterday our own South held a society of parallel gra- ciousness, urbanity, high refinement, the most sensitive *thonor—based, as was that of Russia, on the most abject servility. It boots nothing to argue that those above did not often oppress those below in either case. The fact was they could oppress them without suffering consequences, without hope of redress for the oppressed; and such conditions are incompatible with hu- man progress. Inevitably they must be swept away. What remains is what always does remain, fortunately: memories of the better aspects of what has gone. The American slave, freed from his bond- age, was more than likely to hone for a return to what he had known from birth. Undoubtedly, plenty of the old- er Russian serfs have experienced the same regretfulness. Let us then hold the happy memories and store them away in roseleaves, grateful that man is not as cruel as he may have the chance to be, realizing that lynchings are, after all, not the most persistent element in the relations between black and white in America, nor scourgings between master and servant elsewhere. As for the dangers which must at- tend on the transition through which we are now. going, so. pointedly stressed by the Prince, those are inev- itable factors in any radical readjust- ment of society. They must be met and coped with as they come upon us. Now let the Prince speak, but, while he talks, we must have in mind that he is of the antipodes to us, a Russian priest, now a communicant of the church of Rome; and we shall not fail to notice his amazing mastery of Eng- lish expression. x“ + «* The World Danger of Bolshevism By P. A. Wolkonsky President of the Russian Club in Rome seen tem antitank i ai For more than ten years Russian refugees, who have been eye-witnesses of the horrors perpetrated by the Bol- shevists have been endeavoring to con- vince Western Europe of the reality of these horrors and of the actual, threat- ening danger to the whole civilized world of this Anti-Christ movement. Our efforts have as yet been almost vain. Evidence given by us was met with distrust, so monstrous and unbe- lievable are the crimes of the Bolshe- vists; our arguments to prove the world-wide significance of this evil were defeated by the erroneous current opinion in Europe on pre-war Russia, the roots of the evil being sought only in our past history and ascribed only to our national characteristics; and so minds were set at rest by the thought that Western Europe would be im- mune from this plague. Our arguments of an economical nature fell flat against the desire of the capitalist classes to make personal profits out of the calam- ities of Russia, and against similar hopes on the part of Governments who think of oil fields, grain, concessions (and of the dismemberment of Russia) and who thrust aside, in dealing with the Bolshevists, that which ought to be the basis of their relation—the moral principle. And last of all, the efforts of those struggling to bring the truth to light are defeated by the fear Govern- ments have of their own communists. Such is the intricate knot of the causes developing on a foundation of a general decline of religious and moral sentiments—causes by reason of which the political world looks on with indif- ference at the systematic annihilation, physical and moral, of a nation of over a hundred million people. In some countries people do not even conceal their wish that such state of things may last! We do not forget that there have been church and philanthropic organi- zations that saved hundreds of thou- sands of Russians from starvation, and we are deeply grateful for this. There are also some countries that have not recognized bolshevists as a govern- ment, this also we highly appreciate. We know there exists the League against the III international that works fervently, in silence, and which commands our highest respect. But the predominating attitude of the civ- ized world towards the unheard-of tor- ments of an immense country is — indifference. The Christian Protest Committee was, at least in England, the first to start a wide social movement of pro- test against the bolshevists, striking at the very heart of the evil, by rising against the persecution of the name of Christ. We send the committee our most earnest wishes of success. We do not wish to insist here on the sufferings which the Russian people are enduring. We will briefly mention that the destruction of all natural and all supernatural foundations of social welfare, and especially an education of children satanic in its perversity, threatens to bring our population in the near future to the state of a herd of brute animals. We see the first con- dition of revival, not in one or another form of government, nor on one or an- other political platform, but in the lib- erty to proclaim with all one’s heart and fervent deeds, Hosanna to the Christ. It is not of Russia, however, that we wish to speak here; it is of this ever growing danger to humanity. In the course of some five years a generation will have grown up which will not have seen any conditions of life other than those created by Bolshe- vism, nor will it have any perception of normal life. Brought up in the hate of God, in the scorn of family bonds and all those natural virtues on which rest the welfare of nations, this new gen- eration will take good for evil, and evil for good. They will worship only the might of the fist and dominate only by physical strength and falsehood. Of the past history of their country and of the present state of other powers they will only know what Bolshevist propaganda has taught them. It will be a generation of savages such as the world has never seen. (The atrocities of certain Pagan worshippers was their way of seeking God, not of denying Godliness). These savages will fill the ranks of the Bolshevist army. They will not be Russian. They will have no Russian ideal. They will have no Russian problems. Their destiny will be to strike the final blow in the war that the III International is waging unceasingly all over the world against Christian civilization. This army is destined to transfer the center of world evil from its temporary headquarters at Moscow to one of the capitals of Europe, when Russia will be definitely exhausted. From this new center it will be easier to bring the populations to a state of famine than it was in a country that used to be the granary of the world. What opposition will Western Europe be able to offer such an army which, though morally uncivilized, will be equipped with all the military resources of technical civilization? Will all powers unite against the foe? Or will there be dissensions—logical re- sult of the present relations with the bolshevists and competition to take advantage of the disasters of Russia? And each separate state, will it rise to face the danger? Will it not find itself divided by a clash between the standing state and its destroyers? And, finally, will the army still be a symbol of patriotic unity, conscious that it “beareth not the sword in vain’? Or will it be already shattered by all means of propaganda, even by the pacifism of governments themselves, who involuntarily spread the idea that armies are a still to be tolerated evil which should be reduced to a mini- mum? Among the men mobilized will there be a negligible or high percentage of those for whom the Fatherland, Na- tion and Monarch are but harmful and ludicrous survivals of by-gone days, and who are only waiting for the hour to be faithless to the colors and wage civil war in the name of communist doctrines? Such are the questions the mere possibility of the settling of which tes- tifies to ominous danger. But are peo- ple widely aware of it? Uncertainty, wavering minds, absence of line of conduct on one side. And by the ene- my a clear aim: the demolition of states, the breaking up of nationalities, destruction of the cultivated classes, the riddance of strong men and re- ducing the population, by famine and terrorism, to powerless atoms; these are the aims of the guiding forces, while those of lower elements are de- struction of everything that stands in the way, and limitless freedom for all brutal instincts. When will people open their eyes to the danger? Perhaps when calamities will have begun. The example of Rus- sia has proved that it will be too late then. Some people pretend (contend?) that all these horrors are not possible in Europe; that Russians are unfitted to struggle. Those wh suffer and struggle in Soviet Russia could respond: "You forget that bolshevism took us by surprise, came on us like a squall at a time when the ruling power had been destroyed by the first revolution: that the great mass of the people had given faith to bolshevism, intoxicated as they were by false promises, and in this condition let themselves be disarmed and enchained. You forget the two years of civil war: that only one thou- sandth part of the heroic deeds made under the slavery of Bolshevism are known; that a man exhausted by hun- ger, cold and terror cannot be judged as a healthy and satisfied one. But you who are free, comfortable and secure in your homes, why don’t you resist bolshevism? The soviets openly de- ee eerie a IF FT I I I I OT IT AGT” IT AGT OT NG NI OT OT NTT NT OG Prd &i oor od Fiftieth A nniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 77 Best Wishes on Your Fiftieth Anniversary, Mr. Stowe Grand Rapids Hardware Co. Grand Rapids, Michigan Decker, Davies & Jean, Incorporated Laura B. Davies, President $08 Grand Rapids Savings Bank Building, Grand Rapids, Michigan INSURANCE OF ALL KINDS AND SURETY BONDS Butchers and Grocers Fixtures and Machinery Casings, ‘Tools and Supplies See Our New HUMID-AIRE DISPLAY COUNTER Oo Distributors for UNIVERSAL COOLER REFRIGERATING EQUIPMENT BOOT & COMPANY 115 W. Fulton St. Phone 8-3931 Grand Rapids, Michigan You pay the premium — that’s all. or The Preferred Automobile Insurance Company A Stock Company Issues a policy positively conforming to the Financial Responsibility Laws of every state. It not only protects under those laws, but HAS NO CLAUSE WHEREBY WE CAN MAKE YOU REIMBURSE US. We pay the losses — we cannot assess you. Don’t buy a liability — buy PROTECTION. The Preferred Automobile Insurance Company Agents in all Michigan Cities, Towns and nearly all villages. 78 clare their intention to destroy your states; they demoralize vour soldiers and form in your countries prepared staffs for red battalions. “They are al- ready making lists of officials to re- place your authorities destined for slaughter; they are working out spe- cial tactics to capture your metropol- ises and are sowing insurrection among your colonies, creating special univer- sities in order to instruct agents for this purpose, and they are forging your currency and issuing false promissory notes. In your capitals they maintain organizations of the G. P. U. for the extinction of their enemies and’ use the cellars of their embassies for con- cealing or executing their victims (Warsaw, Berlin, Athens). Then why don’t you start to struggle against them? Have the soviets a mighty fleet and are vour shores defenseless? And your daughters, they are not detained yet as hostages in the Lubianka or So- lovki prisons! Why do you give in to bolshevists, sometimes even forgetting natinal dignity? So in Warsaw one of the actual assassins of the imperial family was admitted as ambassador! They are fighting continually in time of peace against you, and you, willingly shutting your eyes, invite their staffs into your country and secure them diplomatic inviolability. “When you have obtained order in the streets you consider you have done your duty, but remedies against the exterior symptoms are not a cure for the disease itself. Some people in their chauvinistic illusions tell us that the infection can not affect them, but when the houses all around are on fire is there a chance for a single one among them to be safe? You fear your own bolshevists and postpone taking any measures against their leaders in Moscow. But giving them time and opportunity to take roots in your coun- try you do not diminish but you en- hance the danger. Your statesmen put forward the principle of non-inter- ference. What hypocrisy! When the Janichars were cutting off the breasts of Bulgarian women, Russia did inter- fere—with the blood of her soldiers she liberated the Bulgarians and, after having accomplished the deed, she re- treated. It seems to some that it is only a break of diplomatic principle. For us it is one of the finest pages of the world’s history.* “Try to remember that we are hu- man beings just as you are. Look into our suffering with charity—and your eyes will open to the approaching danger. Look it boldly in the face and fight before it is too late. To do so is your duty. In the gloomy dimness of godlessness, in the cellars of the Tcheka, under the snow, in the utter misery of towns, there are still godly souls who have accepted their martyr- dom and that of their fatherland as a trial sent from Heaven. Thousands have sacrificed their blood for Christ. Their prayers, their martyrdom bind you. And is the same not ordained to you by the Nemesis of history who has already raised an avenging hand against several of your countries?” Thus could speak our suffering brethren from their country to Western governments. We refugees, rejoicing at the new social movement in Eng- land, may only add our applause to those who started to waken the hu- man conscience. It is only by lifting the moral social level on the ground of religion that a sufficient force could right line: to assume a struggle to the rgiht line: to assume a struggle to the death with the common foe of the civil- ized world. At the meeting of the Christian Pro- cest Committee the banner of the cru- saders was lifted. That is the real sym- bol of the attitude towards the bolshe- vists. We do not expect any military action from the West: Russian blood will be shed. From your governments and parliaments we only expect a moral penitence before the Russian people whom they have abandoned and MICHIGAN whose executioners they have accepted. Let them do the reverse: reject the executioners, separate them from the rest of humanity by a wall of con- tempt; let them not support those evil lives in providing them with means— and the Russian people will defeat them. Red Moscow must be destroyed while it is not too late! t+ * *& Do you wonder that our eight days’ time was all too short—that we felt more than casual regret that we had to leave this charming household? It is no overstatement to say that our meeting with the Wolkonskys was an outstanding experience of our Euro- pean journeyings. a Human Race Origin in America Hinted Geological evidence that long before Rome, and probably thousands of years before the pyramids, many migrations of men had swept over the present United States was given to the Na- tional Academy of Sciences recently. These records were summarized by Dr. John C. Merriam, director of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, in a report on the present status of knowl- edge of the antiquity of man in Amer- ica. “Known representatives of the pri- mate group in America,” he said, “have seemed so far removed from immediate ancestors of man that there has been little disposition to consider actual origin of the human race on the Amer- ican continent. “Though general opinion leads us to look toward Asia, Europe or Africa as the place of the origin of the race, this does not mean that early representa- tives may not have been present in America. As development of the geo- logical story proceeds it is generally accepted that abundant time has been available for many migrations and many changes.” Among records Dr. Merriam cited “human remains found by Sellards in Florida in deposits which have the as- pect of the late pleistocene and contain a fauna clearly not characteristic of the present period.” The “late pleistocene” would be cave man times. Other finds were evidences of man and his tools in Gypsum Cave, Nev. Minnesota human traces going back to the glaciers were included in Dr. Merriam’s list, Other evidences quite numerous but less definite point to a possible existence of man in Amer- ica perhaps a million years ago, in the pliocene period. Children’s Birthdays Many stores send suitable birthday cards to the children in their communi- ties. Four methods are generally used to obtain names and dates: (1) copying the birth lists published in local news- papers; (2) having each mother who trades at the store supply the names and dates of birth of her children: (3) getting names and birth dates of school children from their teacher; (4) en- listing boys or girl clubs. A simple method of keeping the birthday record is to have a book in which separate pages are set aside for each month. All children with January anniversaries, for instance, are listed in the January section. ——____2-?2___ The cottage is a palace to the poor. TRADESMAN THE FROG INDUSTRY Facts Furnished by the Federal Bureau of Fisheries Frog farming. The Bureau of Fish- eries has never engaged in frog cul- ture and can offer little first hand in- formation on the subject; neither has it nor any other branch of the Gov- ernment ever distributed or sold frogs, tadpoles or frog eggs. While there may be considerable benefits in the market- ing of bullfrogs, success in artificial propagation on a commercial scale still awaits realization, and such an under- taking, therefore, should be regarded as strictly experimental. Within the past fifteen years the Bu- reau has received thousands of enqui- ries concerning frog raising, but to the present time it has heard of only about three persons or institutions claiming any degree of success, so far as inten- sive frog culture is concerned. One of the most successful experimentors in this branch of acquiculture is the Southern Biological Supply Co., Inc., of New Orleans. The organization has carried on a series of experiments in frog culture under the direction of Percy Viosca, jr., since 1917. Most of the so called frog farms, and those which are least expensive and which require the least labor, are simply natural marshy areas or ponds adapted as food supply and environ- ment to the needs of frogs. In such areas the frogs, left to themselves, will thrive and multiply, but better results may be obtained by following some of the suggestions for increasing the shore-line, made in Mr. Viosca’s arti- cle on “Principles of Frog Culture,” cited farther on, and from which much of the following information on cul- ture and pond construction is taken. The pamphlet on “Practical Frog Raising,” by Benjamin M. Ruffner, contains information on frog culture based on Mr. Ruffner’s own experi- ments. Any pond or swampy area may be stocked with adult frogs, or eggs may be collected for stocking purposes. In stocking waters with adults better re- sults may, perhaps, be obtained by in- troducing the frogs into their new quarters in late summer and fall in order that they may become. accus- tomed to their surroundings before the egg-laying season which usually be- gins in April in the Gulf States and in May or June farther North. It reaches its height in May and June in the South and in July in the North. In California certain species begin breed- ing in January and February. Smaller species might be hatched advantage- ously to serve as food for the larger edible varieties, but the cannibalistic habit which this suggests dictates a segregation of the commercial species according to size to prevent their eat- ing one another. While frogs lay their eggs in ponds and the tadpoles live in ponds, young and adult frogs spend most of their time in summer on the store, hiding among vegetation, watching for their prey. Ample shore-line is important, but a large pond is not essential. The larger the pond, the less shore-line in proportion to area and comparatively fewer frogs can be accommodated. To increase the shore-line, therefore, and Fiftieth Anniversary to make it as irregular as possible, it has been suggested that finger-like bays be dug, using the earth so obtain- ed to make long peninsulas; also, that round, irregular islands may be made, or horseshoe-shaped units, or long, narrow ponds, according to the natural accommodation of the land to the pur- pose. If no such natural area is avail- able the whole project then can be arranged along the most suitable lines, and in this circumstance the construc- tion of a series of hills and ditches running preferably in a north-south direction inside the selected area is rec- ommended; this system gives greater length of shore-line than any other shape of pond suitable for frog cul- ture, and the north-south trend of the ditches provides shade when vegetation takes possession of the banks, which is a vital element in the well-being of frogs during the hot days of summer. In constructing a frog pond, select an area where the soil is capable of hold- ing water and where a cheap supply of good water is obtainable and good drainage exists. In many sections of the South rice fields offer a locale suited to frog farm- ing, and it has been suggested that the raising of muskrats and frogs might be combined to advantage. Willows and other shade trees should be planted along the banks and the water should not be deeper than is necessary to pro- tect frogs and tadpoles from heat in summer and from freezing in winter; the depth would vary according to climatic conditions, Much shallow water 2 to 6 inches deep is essential as the small animals the frogs consume as food thrive best there and the frogs catch them more easily in shallow water. If sufficient shade is provided, twelve to eighteen inches of water is deep enough in the Southern section of the United States; in the North a cer- tain part of the pond may be deepened to make safe hibernation quarters; for in winter frogs seek deep water or bury themselves in mud. In any area designed for frog raising game fish, such as black bass, pikes, and pickerel, and snakes, snapping tur- tles, cats and foxes, and other enemies should be excluded, while encourage- ment should be given to minnows, crayfish, water-bugs and smaller spe- cies of frogs. Water birds also are destructive of frogs, and about the only way to exclude them in small areas would be to stretch a wire net above the water occupied by the frogs. The larger frogs will devour small turtles of about two inéhes diameter, and fishes three to four inches in length. If practicable a close fence about three feet high, topped with 1 inch meshed wire, bout 18 inches wide, set on an outward incline of about 35 degrees, may be built around small ponds and pools to prevent undesir- able frogs, toads, and other enemies from entering; by reversing the ar- rangement, the wire-topped fence must be used to prevent escape of the frogs. Frog farming in Japan. In Japan, where land is at a premium and labor cheap, frogs are reared in very small ponds, varying from ten to twenty-five feet square, with as little as two or three square feet of space allowed for each large frog, and less for the young ones, with the different sizes separ- i. i ‘ ; : Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 79 1in- ‘| [Two Duties : Every commercial bank, to properly fill : its place in the community, must assume « §f two serious obligations. « FF The First, of course, is to keep funds a entrusted to it by its depositors ih and ~ ff teadily available. ss The Second is to grant legitimate loans . - to ensure the normal operation of business « § and industry within the community. « & THE NATIONAL BANK OF GRAND « & RAPIDS is performing these two duties 2. today. We earnestly solicit your deposits » ol and ‘ed be glad to discuss your credit 3 requirements with you. ‘| THE NATIONAL BANK GRAND RAPIDS 80 ated to prevent cannibalism. In Amer- ica, where land is cheap and labor dear, it is believed that such intensive cul- ture as that followed in Japan could not be made profitable as a general rule, and that some compromise be- tween the two extremes (natural swamps and intensive culture) may be devised to solve the problem. The de- gree of intensity used would depend upon circumstances in each particular case. Artificial feeding. providing sufficient live food for frogs after they have reached the adult stage and when kept in small bodies of water, must be solved before intensive frog farming can be counted on as a suc- cessful venture, for frogs after trans- formation from: the tadpole form wun- dergo great change in regard to the selection of their food. Larval frogs or tadpoles will thrive on any soft vegetable or animal matter, boiled po- tatoes, refuse meats, decayed or fresh chicken dressings, while in the adult form, or as soon as the legs are fully developed and the tail absorbed, and the young frog is able to perch on a leaf or on a shady bank, he refuses such food and begins an intensive search for small insects. As he in- creases in size he snaps at increasingly larger forms of animal life, until in full adult size he will take anything from an insect to a 3-inch fish or a young turtle. The larger frogs are said never to snap at an insect under half an inch in length. The problem of On account of their peculiar feeding habit adult frogs can not be supplied with a lot of dead fish or raw meet, vegetable refuse, and the like, but must have living food, or food in motion. The Japanese, who for some years have been experimenting in intensive frog culture, have devised a method of giv- ing motion to the grups, or pupae, of the silk worm, after they have been killed by boiling and the silk unwound from the cocoon. The dead grubs are placed in long, shallow, wooden trays containing about half an inch of water and anchored close to shore; the trays are kept in motion by means of a small water motor which gives the pupae a rolling motion back and forth, and the frogs devour them greedily as long as this motion is maintained. Live food also is placed in these trays—quanti- ties of minnows, young goldfish, craw- fish or other small animals easily ob- tainable, for the frogs are unable to catch the fish in the deeper water of the pond. Small cracks are left in the trays for the water to seep in, and each tray is braced between a raft of four substantial logs and arranged so that it will float while holding about half an inch of water. The frogs like to perch on these logs, which at the same time prevent the minnows from escaping. Strong lights along the shore at night, particularly in the early part of the night, may be used for attracting insects. Two-hundred-watt non-frosted mazda lamps will attract many June beetles and medium sized moths. Arc lights will attract even larger insects, sometimes in very large quantities. Flowers and willows should be planted, for various forms of insects are at- tracted by them. Aquatic plants sup- MICHIGAN ply food and harborage for crayfish and tadpoles, and act as oxygenators, and such vegetation as Sagittaria is most valuable. Submerged plants such as Potomogeton natans and P. pusillus are valuable in the deeper areas. Spawning. The bullfrog begins lay- ing eggs in the Gulf States in April and farther north in May or June. The eggs float in a thin sheet at the surface of the water amongst brush or vegeta- tion, and a batch from one female cov- ers about 5 square feet and contains from 10,000 to 250,000 eggs. The size of the egg mass is sufficient criterion “for the identification of bullfrog eggs: the eggs of the green frog seldom cov- er an area of more than a square foot. For stocking purposes the following eggs should be rejected: All that are laid singly or in small clusters (tree frogs), or in strings (toads), and all in which the egg mass as a whole is vel- vety black (leopard frogs). The eggs should be carefully transferred, without breaking the masses, to buckets of water and deposited about the edges of the water to be stocked. A fine- meshed net may be used in handling them. The eggs hatch without care in from four days to three weeks, vary- ing with the temperature. Growth. The rate of growth of the bullfrog tadpole varies according to climatic conditions; in the Gulf States it never takes more than a year to transform into a frog, and part of the crop may transform in five or six months, while in the North two years may elapse before transformation takes place, as the growth and development of the tadpole and the young frog de- pend upon food supply and length of growing season, which in the South is two to three times as long as in the North. In Louisiana bullfrogs have been reared from the transformation state to mature size in two years, but in the North they require a longer time. It is not known how fast they grow in the wild state. Diseases. As a rule frogs in a state of nature are not subject to any seri- ous diseases, but under crowded con- ditions in laboratories and small pools they may develop an infection known as “red leg.” The only remedies that can be suggested are to remove the infected individuals immediately and, if possible, drain the ponds and let them remain dry for a few days. A publication on this infection by Emer- son and Norris appeared in the Jour- nal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 7, 1905, pp. 33-58. The tadpoles breathe by means of gills and are dependent on the oxygen contained in the water; like fishes they will develop diseases when weakened by depletion of the oxygen supply whether from fouling of the water or other causes. Edible species. In the Eastern United States the edible species are the common bullfrog, Rana catesbei- ana; the green frog, R. clamitans; the Southern bullfrog, R. grylio; leopard frog, R. pipiens; Southern leopard frog, R. sphenocephala, and the pick- erel frog, R. palustris. In the Western States are found the yellow-legged frog, R. boylii; the western frog, R. pretiosa, and the Western bullfrog, R. aurora, TRADESMAN The common bullfrog is the largest North American species, reaching a length of eight inches, measured from tip of nose to end of backbone. It is sometimes referred to as the “Giant bullfrog,” and “Jumbo.” The tadpoles, when the hind legs appear, measure six to seven inches from mouth to end of tail. This species ranges from the Gult coast to Southern Canada, and from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mown- tains. Its color varies in shades vf green and brown; the under parts of both sexes are white with more or less distinct mottlings of brown; the male has a bright yellow throat, while that of the female is dirty while, mottled with brown. The bullfrog may be dis- tinguished from other frogs by the broad flat head; the ear of the male is much larger than the eye, while the ear of the female is about the same size as the eye; a short fold of skin extends backward from the eye over the ear and down the shoulder; there are no lateral folds, and the hind feet are full webbed. In stocking ponds with breed- ers the sexes should be nearly equal in number, as the males usually pair with but one female during a season. The green frog reaches a length of 31%4 to 4 inches; it ranges from the Gulf of Mexico to Hudson Bay: found in practically all of eastern North America. The Southern bullfrog grows to a length of 5 to 6 inches and is known from Florida and some of the other Southern States. The leopard frog, 314 to 4 inches: range, Sierra Nevada Mountains east- ward and from the extreme north to Mexico. Pickerel frog, length 3 to 314 inches: found from the central plains to the Atlantic seaboard and from the Gulf of Mexico to Hudson Bay. Yellow-legged frog, length 2% to 3% inches; occur in California. It has been less used for food because of its skin secretions. Western frog, length 3 to 4 inches: extends from Nevada and northern California throughout Oregon and Washington to Alberta and east into Montana, Wyoming and Utah. Western bullfrog, length 3 to 4 inches, extending from Puget Sound to lower California. Dealers in frogs for stocking pur- pos, bullfrogs for breeding and other purposes may be obtained from the following sources: Southern Biological Supply Co., Inc., 517 Decatur street, New Orleans, La. John P. Hoyt, Box 46, Estherwood, Louisiana, Jacques Weil, Box 725, Rayne, La. A. H. Sphung, North Judson, Ind. (green frogs in season). Denoyer-Geppert Co., 5235 Ravens- wood avenue, Chicago, III. M. W. Herriman, Mer., Lakeside Frog Farms, Lt., Lakeside, Calif. (frogs, tadpoles, plants.) Rayne Farm Products, Inc., Rayne, Louisiana, International Frog Farm, 1912 Erie avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. Jennings Frog Co,. Jennings, La. The Bureau of Fisheries assumes no responsibility in giving the foregoing addresses. Fiftieth Anniversary Prices for breeding frogs vary ac- cording to seasonal abundance. Some of the persons and firms mentioned have quoted live frogs at $1.50 to $12 per dozen. Shipping frogs alive. In frogs alive for stocking or other pur- poses, they should be packed in shal- low crates or boxes, in which they should occupy not more than 50 per cent. of the floor space. Free circula- tion of the air is necessary, and damp leaves or moss in moderate quantity should be spread over the floor of the crate and kept moist throughout the journey. Dealers who supply frogs for purposes use well-padded, A piece of burlap, or shipping breeding shallow crates. other soft material, may be tacked in the crate, tightly stretched, about two inches below the wooden top, to pre- vent injuries to the frogs as they jump and strike against the top. In winter live frogs should be protected from freezing. As frogs take only living or moving food they can not be fed while being held for shipment. They can sur- vive a considerable time without food in cold weather, but in warm weather, their time of greatest activity, they can not be kept for more than a few days without detriment, Publications on Frogs Cochran, Doris M. Our Friend the Frog. In National Geographic Maga-: zine, May 1932. (The article gives in- formation life history, etc., with a num- ber of colored illustrations. Published by National Geographic Society, 16th and M streets, Washington, D.C.) Dickerson, Mary C. The Frog Book. (Gives information on habits and life of frogs and toads of the Northwestern States.) Illus. $5.00. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page and Co, 1906. Ruffner, Benjamin M. Practical Frog Raising. 80 pages. Published January, 1933, by the Southern Frog Farms, Jennings, La. $1.50. (Gives a summary of experiments made in frog culture, with suggestions for practical work in pond construction, etc.) histories Storer, Tracy I. The Eastern Bull- frog in California. In California Fish and Game, Oct., 1922, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 219-224. Published by Board of Fish and Game Commissioners, San Francisco.) Viosca, Percy, jr. Principles of Bull- frog (Rana catesbeiana) culture. 8 pages. (This, or a paper now in press, giving an account of Mr. Viosca’s frog cultural experiments, may be obtained at a very reasonable price from The Southern Biological Supply Company, Inc., 517 Decatur street, New Orleans, La.) Write, A. H. Frogs: Their natural history and utilization, Appendix VI, Report U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, 1919, 44 pages, illus. B. F. Doc, 888. Out of print. According to figures collected and compiled by the U. S. Bureau of Fish- eries, there were 890 regular and 2,189 casual fishermen engaged in the com- mercial frog industry of the United States during 1931. These men used 196 motor and 1,356 row boats, and a few men operated without the use of boats. The total catch of frogs amounted to 986,737 pounds, valued to the fishermen at $144,527. The “4 () <> (:) GD () GD ( a > () D> () <) D> () =a. eeo * Congratulate the MICHIGAN TRADESMAN on its 50th Anniversary and the completion of a half century of successful service, a record of which Mr. E. A. Stowe, its editor and publisher, may well be proud. grow to this position. NATIONAL CANDY CO., INC. Putnam Factor ¥ It is our pleasure, also, to celebrate our 68th year of Continuous Service to the Candy Trade of Mich- igan and over the United States. As Michigan's largest and oldest candy manufacturers, we are grateful for the loyalty and patronage which has enabled us to GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. fl ln lA tll ttn el ll lk ll Ola al all al ttn nl nln ln ttn tn ln tna tn .0n.alin.tfin.2ltn.tfie..alin..stn. steal. een, oe 82 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary greater portion of these were taken with grabs in Louisiana, and the re- mainder with spears and lines. The most important sources of the commercial supply are the Atchafalaya River, Mississippi River proper and minor tributaries, the Red River and tributaries, Lake Okeechobee in Flor- ida, and other interior waters in that State. In tracing the history of the frog industry it is found that in 1900 the greater part of the country’s frog sup- ply was contributed by California, Mis- souri, New York, Arkansas, Minnesota, Illinois, Maryland, Virginia, Ohio, and Indiana. In 1908 the total production of frogs in the United States amounted to 250,- 00 pounds, valued to the fishermen at $42,000. The thirteen states furnishing these were Missouri, Minnesota, Loui- siana, Arkansas, Illinois, North Caro- lina, Tennessee, Ohio, Virginia, Iowa, Delaware and Maryland, in the order of their importance. The market for frogs is almost en- tirely dependent upon the natural sup- ply, as the business of private culture has not reached a position of any im- portance so far. The natural supply, however, as already shown, has in- creased from 250,000 pounds, valued to the fishermen at $42,000, in 1908, to 986,737 pounds, valued at $144,527, in 1931. As indicated, this output was furnished by three States—Louisiana, Florida, and Tennessee. The commer- cial industry may be carried on in other sections of the United States to a greater or lesser degree, but reliable statistical data are not available for these sections. It is also reasonable to believe that some regions formerly fur- nishing a large yield of frogs have be- come depleted in late years. When frogs are caught. As frogs hibernate during the winter they can not be caught then. Most of the fish- ing is done in early spring and during the spawning season, a very destruc- tive practice, and one which if contin- ued will eventually destroy the indus- try. Protective regulations. The several states make their own fishery regula- tions, and for information on laws governing the frog fishery and inter- state shipment of frogs, licenses, or the creation of frog ponds, etc., appli- cation should be made to state fishery authorities. The Federal Government has no jurisdiction over such matters. Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebras- ka, New York, North Dakota, Penn- sylvania, South Dakota, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, have passed laws regulating the taking of frogs. Copies of the state fish and game laws may be obtained from state fish- ery authorities; a list of these author- ities may be obtained from the Bureau of Fisheries on request. Methods of capture. Several meth- ods for capturing frogs are used by the commercial frog hunters and others, among them being a line baited with red cloth, worms, grashoppers, etc. Some expert froggers are very apt at catching them alive by hand; a frog catcher will hold one hand over or in front of the frog to attract its atten- tion and capture it by a sudden move of the other hand. Another method of capture at night is to use a bull’s eye or other form of bright light. The frogs are dazed and in most cases can be caught by hand or approached near enough for their easy dispatch. They are sometimes killed with a gun. Killing and shipping frogs for mar- ket. In killing frogs for market the head is cut off with a sharp hatchet or a short-handled axe such as is used in scaling coarse fish at the fish markets. The fingers are then passed between the skin and the body to loosen the skin, and the front legs are slipped out of the skin; by holding the upper portion of the frog, the skin is easily inverted and removed. The entrails are removed and the toes cut off. From the region of New Orleans most bullfrogs are shipped to market “dressed,” which means that the heads are cut off and the entrails removed, and the skin left on. It is believed that a slight musty taste, sometimes dis- cernible in frogs dressed in this man- ner, is due to the absorption of skin excretions. The best tasting frogs are those from which the skin has been removed in the butchering process, but this may necessitate the packing of in- dividual meats in waxed paper as a sanitary measure and to prevent con- tact with the ice and consequent wet- ting and disfiguration. It is probable that better prices from discriminating people might be obtained for frogs dressed and shipped in this manner. Sent to market in the skins, the frogs are shipped in boxes holding 150 or 200 pounds, or barrels holding 200 pounds each. The size of frogs sent to market range from the “Jumbo,” weighing 10 pounds to the dozen, to the “baby,” weighing two and one half to four pounds to the dozen. There is also a medium size weighing eight pounds to the dozen, and a small size weighing 6 pounds to the dozen. The food value of frog legs. In Food Products by H. C. Sherman, published by MacMillan Co., New York, 1924, it is stated that “As compared with such products as beef, veal, chicken, and fish, frog legs compare favorably in food value, although these products seem to surpass them- according to certain standards now in use. For ex- ample,the edible portion of frogs legs contains 15 per cent. of protein, while that of codfish, veal loin, round steak, and broilers contain 17, 1914, 2014, and 22 per cent. respectively. It takes 514 ounces of frogs legs to produce 100 caloric units of energy, while for the food stuffs mentioned, the number of ounces required to produce 100 calories are: Codfish 3%, broilers 3%4, round steak 3, and veal 21%4. A characteristic of frog meat is that it has very little fat or carbohydrates, which is probably the source of its delicious flavor. The greatest appeal which frog meat makes is due to its delicacy and palatability, which places it in the first rank of epicurean luxuries.” Uses for frogs. In France their skins are made into glue, and also fur- nish a cheap leather for binding small books, lining purses, etc., but no such use seems to be made of them in America. One large frog skin is said to make three ounces of the finest glue, which is used to repair crockery and the like. In Japan, also, the skins are used for a variety of purposes. Markets and dealers. The best frog markets are in the larger cities, such as St. Louis, Chicago, New York, New Orleans, and Detroit. While the Bureau of Fisheries as- sumes no responsibility in supplying names of dealers, the following whole- sale firms may be interested in receiv- ing shipments of frogs. Booth Fisheries Co., Chicago, Il. Meletio Seafood Co., St. Louis, Mo. Chesbro Bros., 1 Fulton Market, New York, N.Y. E. W. Albaugh & Son, Wholesale Fish Market, Baltimore, Md. Chas. H. Javins & Sons, New Center Market, Washington, D.C. Eacho & Co., Municipal Washington, D.C. Arcadia Seafood Co., New Orleans, Louisiana. Tony Monjure & Co. Inc., New Orleans, La. Reuther’s Seafood Co., New Orleans. Bagille Sea Food Co., New Orleans. Paul Libilich, New Orleans, La. Schiro Bros., French Market, New Orleans, La. Thos. Piazza, French Market, New Orleans, La. Paul Baugon Fish & Oyster Co., French Market, New Orleans, La. S. Villani, Magazine Market, New Orleans, La. Miguel De Gracias, French Market, New Orleans, La. Burlington Fish Market, Burlington, Towa. Davenport Fish Co., Davenport, Ia. The Feiner Fish Co., Davenport, Ia. Neuenfeldt & Hoffman, 625 W. Ran- dolph street, Chicago, III. E. R. Neuenfeldt, 1230 W. Fort street, Detroit. Oceola Fisheries Co., Okeechobee, Florida. J. J. Hendry & Sons, Okeechobee, Florida. Market, Indian River Fisheries, Sebastian, Florida. Reid Frog Co., Miami, Fla. —_2eco___—_- Oysters Shucked Now By a Chemical The oyster is going to shuck itself from now on. Bureau of Fisheries biol- ogists announce in their latest report of scientific progress discovery of a way to make the oyster’s shell open auto- matically. The oyster is first hit light- ly with a hammer or dropped on the floor. It is then dropped in a chemical solution for from ten to thirty min- utes. At the end of this time the shell will open and it is only necessary to pluck out the flesh of the bivalve. The dis- covery is expected to be of consider- able commercial importance since ap- proximately 60 per cent. of all oysters are now shucked before marketing. Ap- proximately $1,500,000 is expended an- nually, it is estimated, for shucking approximately 5,000,000 gallons of oys- ters now sold in the United States. With the new method most of this cost will be eliminated. It has been known for some time that immersion in a narcotic solution would cause the shell to open, but it required from six to twelve hours. The discovery of the hammer tapping trick not only brings about the self-shucking much more rapidly but reduces the cast of the process by 50 per cent. Both processes are the discoveries of Drs. Vera Koehring and H. F. Prytherch of the Bureau of Fisheries staff. Other oyster studies of the bureau biologists throw new light on why the oyster is considered unfit to eat except during the “R” months. Drs. P. S. Galtsoff and V. L. Loosanoff report that the meat of the mollusk undergoes important chemical changes during the year. One of the chief food values lies in the amount of glycogen, a sugar- like compound, in the flesh. But during the early Summer this starts to de- crease rather rapidly and reaches a minimum just before spawning. The egg-laying is attended by a con- siderable loss of solids and increase in the water content of the meat from approximately 75 to 90 per cent, That is, an oyster in Summer is nothing much except water and, even if not poisonous, its food value is very low. The end of spawning is followed by a very rapid increase in the amount of glycogen, which reaches a very high figure just before the onset of cold weather. As soon as the temperature of the water drops to about 10 degrees above freezing, the bivalve goes into hibernation, and the meat loses weight although the shell continues to grow. Good pasturage for oysters is an- other important problem being studied by the Bureau of Fisheries biologists. The chief food of the mollusks con- sists of diatoms, microscopic water plants. Experiments are under way on raising great quantities of these plants in the laboratory with the idea of sup- plying them to the oysters in sparse seasons. ——_+~+.____ Hair Raising Stunt A former street corner salesman of questionable products tells of a hair- growing racket that he used to work through small advertisements in news- papers. He would advertise that he had a wonderful remedy for baldness, and would gladly mail the prescription to anyone sending in a stamped, ad- dressed envelope. Then they could get it filled at their local drug store. He always sent a prescription that would cost about three dollars to have filled at most drug stores, and he en- closed a printed slip advising his vic- tim that if his druggist wanted more than a dollar to send the dollar to him and he would have it made up for him. Most of the victims sent in their dol- lar and received a tube of stuff a big drug house put up for him under their label. The tube contained two ounces of crude oil and a trace of chemicals in the original prescription—and cost him about three cents a tube in large quantities. seers Weise His Name Little Rosalie, a first-grader, walking with her mother, spoke to a small boy. “His name is Jimmy and he is in my grade,” she explained. “What is the little boy’s last name 2” her mother asked. “His whole name,” said Rosalie, “is Jimmy Sitdown—that’s what the teach- er calls him.” —_+--___ If Morgan really runs everything, all we can say is that he has a strange fondness for a mess. TE A ee hee a2 ZOmwWQOP RS Hevea Be soso aaa rea Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 83 Corduro a . y a See anon “ , a we wet Note to Tire Merchants Bring your win- ter sales up to last summer’s volume. Write for details. Overcomes Every Handicap of Unimproved or Hazardous Roads MUD - SNOW - SAND - RUTS Here’s the tire that gives anti-skid “grip”? on any road. A specially designed, deep-cut, sharp-edged, square block tread (patent pending) eliminates the need for chains. Plows through snow, mud, sand and ruts. Quiet, cool- running, cushioned comfort on all roads. Beautiful design. Attractive prices. For trucks and busses as well as passenger cars. A full line of sizes. All Corduroy “FACTORY FRESH” stock. Corduroy Rubber Company Grand Rapids, Michigan 84 BANKER AND DEPOSITOR Looking Over Both Sides of the Counter t would seem that twenty-five years as a bank official and five years of free- dom from banking connection might be a good preparation for dis- cussing the Banker and his Depositor, with a view to discover the contribu- tien each may have made to the sorry disturbance, in a calling which has grown so essential to business conven- ience and the general welfare. While we will grant at the outset that the banks not responsible for the economic distress, we will have to ad- mit that too many were very unfor- tunate in its results. Isn’t it rather strange that a rich and powerful nation like the United States should suffer from a perfect avalanche of bank failures, while our little neigh- bor on the North, also under economic difficulty, kept every bank open and doing business? There must be a rea- son. One reason is very evident. We have been too slow in learning that banking is a real business, requiring knowledge which comes through experience, judg- ment that does not forget the trustee- ship of other people’s money, and a desire to perform a financial service that bulks larger than the effort to build up large footings or pay big div- idends. These qualities do not happen through the accident of inherited wealth or social prominence. They are built into men who bear the burdens in banking practice. While we have many strong and well managed banks, there are too many who seem to be playing a sort of finan- cial game, the glory in which is to build up a larger deposit than the bank across The managers are either ignorant or forget that a bank charter is based on the understanding that the bank is to first perform a pub- lic function before it operates as a bus- iness for profit. any were the street. Too many directors are elected be- cause they can influence business and bring in deposits rather than to con- tribute their good judgment in the bank’s operation; and too many direc- tors accept the office as an honor more than as a responsibility, and do not hestitate to take a solemn oath of serv- ce, as a matter of form rather than as an obligation. These are serious de- fects in banking practice which have contributed much to the present dis- order, and are not complimentary to our banking system. If bank directors could, in some proper way, be made to realize their moral responsibility and legal liability in the bank’s affairs at the time of ac- cepting office, either by prepared ex- planation of the bank’s attorney or some ceremony required by the bank commissioner, it might lead to a better understanding of duty and effect a bet- ter co-operation in the department’s oversight. Weakness in organization opens the door for the customer’s advantage in securing loans that an experienced banker, supported by an able board, would not grant. It is only natural for MICHIGAN those outside the bank counter to look cn a bank’s deposits as a fixed and increasing item, because it appears as an aggregate amount in the bank’s statement: but bank deposits are made up of a large number of temporary trusts. A banker not only knows they are subject to withdrawal, he knows they will be withdrawn; that other de- posits will come in to take their place is “a consumation devoutly to be wish- ed,” and in normal times they do, but the temporary nature of the deposits should suggest the nature of the loans granted. Bank loans, in their local sig- nificance, are to help one turn the cor- ner, but not to help finish the journey. They are to relieve acute troubles, but not to cure chronic disabilities. TRADESMAN This “freezing” process is among the gravest dangers an average bank has to meet. Such loans provide a basis for hope, but not strong enough for cer- tainty. They may include loans to friends—they are so hard to refuse;— to political leaders, they might injure you if refused; for public improvement, you ought not to refuse; but misfor- tune, like rain, falls upon the just and the unjust alike. It is no respecter of character alone. Accident and death care nothing for bank obligations and the way to disappointment is also paved with the best of intentions. I once assisted in liquidating the assets of a bank which was closed because, in the name of banking service, it had loaned too liberally on the security of good Frank Welton Borrowers frequently argue that in- asmuch as the bank’s earnings are from the interest received, he might as well pay in the interest as any one else, and is offended if he cannot continually renew his loan. One bank president re- plied to this reasoning rather forcibly by saying, “A bank cannot shake acorns for one hog all the time.” There are few exceptions to the rule that a borrower who is allowed to continue his loan indefinitely, gradually adjusts his business to its use and it becomes a part of his capital, an item no bank is supposed to furnish, and a kind of loan any business finds it very difficult to reduce. Capital loans belong to the variety called “frozen.” As a food it may be a delicacy, but it only makes a banker shiver. character and commendable industry. They started as legitimate accommoda- tions for temporary help, but being good men and strictly honest, they were allowed to renew until the orig- inal purpose was forgotten, and when demand for payment was made, the bank discovered it had taken on a busi- ness; there was nothing but the best of intentions on the part of both bank and borrower, but in the process of liquidation both were ruined. This par- ticular instance was a small bank, but a larger one might have fared much the same. The presiding genius of a bank—and most banks have one—puts his stamp on the banks policies. He is equipped, by the support of his directors, and the bank’s resources, to serve his custo- Fiftieth Anniversary nrers much as an economic doctor. He can diagnose financial trouble and ad- minister such help as he considers safe and wise. In this process his directors, or their appointed committee will Many applications cannot be granted as they are first presented, be- cause the public do not understand his relationship to his bank’s deposits or the legal oversight of the state or Gov- ernment, but he can and should con- sider with patience and endeavor to suggest such changes as will accom- plish the help asked for. A man who recognizes such responsibilities as be- longing to his duties is a banker and will be honored as such: but the man who only visions the power of increasing deposits in the larger divi- dends and increased bonuses that may accrue therefrom, is only a financial sport, playing a game in which the stakes are furnished by his depositors. This splendid issue. of the Trades- man, celebrating a half century of his- tory, personified by one editor and pub- lisher, is a circumstance as unusual as it is remarkable. This period covers a marvellous growth along almost every line of our activities. In many ways it has been progress, but in some other ways it is just “bigger.” We have de- veloped merchant princes, financial magnates, industrial giants and utility barons and around them all has gath- ered a haze of mystery which keeps the public guessing. I remember a time when the First National Bank of Chi- cago announced that they had deposits of five million dollars. Its recent statement shows deposits of more than five hundred million. The choice cor- ners of nearly all our cities have be- come bank corners, adorned with fine buildings and gorgeously equipped, but its service to the public has not en- larged itself in any startling way that I can make note of. assist. It is quite evident from the present situation, that so many banks were not needed, in fact, fewer and better man- aged banks would have served the community as well and safer. They are the fruitage of an uncontrolled compe- tition. Fine buildings, elegant equip- ment, create enormous overhead, which, in turn, must be met by a larger income, hence the temptation to seek higher rates of interest, make more general charges to the public, all of which generates a condition that can- not stand the strain of abnormal times. And now we await the survival of the fittest. It is nothing short of tragical to ride about Chicago, outside the “loop,” and see the vacant bank buildings, most of them beautiful structures, staring at their depositors as they wait for what- ever part of their funds may be left after large legal fees and continuing receiv- er’s expenses have been paid. “Hope deferred maketh the heart sick.” Con- fidence will not be quickly restored by any guaranty that locks the stable after the horse has been stolen. It is a grave question whether a mor- atorium which denies any relief can be justified at a time when fear is already half born in the minds of the people. Mr. Stowe will remember that during the short money panic of 1897, while CO mee s * 2 si bete ee besa pa: AT YOUR SERVICE for more than Half a Century Symons Bros. & Co. Wholesale Merchants ALMA JACKSON SAGINAW 86 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary Grand Rapids banks permitted only moderate withdrawals over the coun- ter, the factory pay-rolls were paid in full, under clearing house agreement. I am not comparing the economic strain of that day with this, but it was a splendid act and kept the spectre of fear on its leash until confidence was restored. If the hell of ifinancial loss will but knock the props from under some forms of competition, parading as business sagacity, it will prove a great blessing to reconstructed bank- ing and general business. It may be that deposit guaranty is a wise move for the time and conditions, and will aid in restoring a crippled confidence, but in the final adjustment the best guaranty of deposits will be found to be honest banking, by experi- enced bankers who have the concept of trusteeship and service and believe as do our Rotarian friends, “He profits most who serves best.” Frank Welton. ——_2s2o--?>___—_ Out of Palos Christopher Columbus, when he stepped on the soil of a new world 441 years ago, confounded all the “realis- tic’ men of his time. And that was one of the most important things he accomplished. He had dreamed and suffered for that moment. And he had cut across all the notions; all the “facts,” as men thought they knew them. From every sound viewpoint of those who watched his three ships depart from Palos he was wrong; a crazy dreamer. And yet we know now that it was the “facts” that were wrong and that Christopher Columbus was right. It is true that humanity to-day hasn’t the same complete disposition to sniff and sneer at the seeker and the dreamer. But enough of it remains to remind us that the things we think can’t be done may yet arise as accomplished facts to plague us for our unbelief. —_+-+>___— Dried Frvit Expo-ts Larger The steady decline in the dollar has developed a sharp increase in the Eu- ropean demand for dried fruits. As a result of the heavier orders, apricots have advanced sharply in price. prunes are firmer and bleached raisins have maved up. Apples continue easy, but a better undertone has developed. In addition to the European demand, the normal holiday call from the domestic market also has worked to strengthen the dried-fruit markets. —_——_>-2>—___ Coin-Filled Cake A coin-filled cake was cut and passed out to customers by a Minnesota mer-. chant in order to stimulate interest in his anniversary celebration. The cake contained 126 coins; 6 gold pieces and 120 silver pieces—giving visitors a dou- ble reason for wanting to “get in on” the party. —_—_~ ~~ - — Recalling Past Years “How many of our customers re- member what stores looked like fifty years ago?” A Pawtucket, R. I., mer- chant called back the days of a half- century ago by dressing the store in the mode of that time to set off his Golden Jubilee celebration. —_—_— 2.» ____ After forty-five a man sits down to read and before he knows it he’s asleep. CANNED FOODS IN 1933 Market in Best Condition for Many Years We are again privileged to note our possibly limited observations in the canned foods field for The Tradesman and are more than happy to be able to contribute our bit for the fiftieth anni- versary edition of this virile institution. The Tradesman and Mr. Stowe may certainly be classed as an institution. It is apparently proper again to re- peat that the past season has been like every other because it has been differ- ent. After having suffered losses and disappointments beyond number dur- ing the depression period, it was but natural for many canners to sense this fields in that area, which produces such a large portion of the tomato tonnage of the United States. The Tri-States normally produce fory to fifty per cent. of the country’s tomatoes. There would have been a serious shortage of toma- toes had it not been for a late Fall in many tomato sections where it would have been logical to expect a killing frost weeks before it actually arrived. Pears are fairly wel! sold out of first hands. There was an unusually heavy movement soon after the pack. Peas were ready for shipment when the early summer buying activity was at its height. The corn pack was reduced in size because of the dry weather in the corn belt, but although the price is up thirty to fifty per cent. over last Harold K. Royal spring a reversal of times and become unduly optimistic over the possibilities for the season of 1933. Many seemed to feel that there was an opportunity to recoup many of the losses suffered during the previous seasons in this one year. Crop acreages were contracted which, if they had produced normally, would have created a topheavy situa- tion. Fortunately for the canners, how- ever, Old Man Weather came to their assistance and, as a result, most packs are in a very comfortable balance. A scorching hot and dry season in many sections greatly reduced packs of peas, corn and other staples which might have been burdensome. A de- vastating storm in the Tri-States, Maryland, Delaware and New Jersey, ruined a large portion of the tomato year,the pack of corn is not in as strong a position, statistically, as is the pea pack. The AAA was in force during the tomato and corn harvest and many contracts with growers were revised upwards, As previously stated, a severe storm in the Eastern area materially reduced the possible pack. The longer growing season this year helped to fill up the gap caused by this storm, but there is not much liklihood of a carry- over. Prices on tomatoes are ranging about twenty per cent. higher than last year, but half of this increase may be charged to the NRA and AAA. The market was a bit panicky after that severe storm in the East and some of the trade withdrew entirely from the market for the time being. The range on string beans is also higher and it now appears that the canners will not be confronted with burdensome sur- pluses in many lines when the packs start next season. The allocation of pack on California peaches has had the desired effect of limiting that pack to what should be moved into consumption in an orderly and healthy manner. The Hawaiian pineapple pack was restricted mainly by the action of the banks, it is said. At least, the restriction was accom- plished with the aim of putting pine- apple back on its feet. There were many interesting cycles in the canned foods trade during the past summer which can now be review- ed, but which apparently could not be foreseen. In the early summer there was much talk and rumor of impend- ing inflation and also necessarily higher prices, due to the NRA and AAA. As a result, there was unusually heavy buying by the jobber, retailer and housewife. All probably bought in an- ticipation of apparent higher prices. As this is being written, markets in canned foods seem to be at a virtual standstili. Goods are going out of canners’ ware- houses, but on earlier purchases. If the present situation had occurred last year at this time of the year, there might have been some. sacrificing of prices. At this time, however, the owners of canned foods seem to be agreed that we are just experiencing a natural let- up from the active buying which took place earlier in the season. Jobbers and distributors have been taking in heavy shipments of earlier commit- ments and are not particularly inter- ested in further purchases until after the turn of the year or until their stocks are materially reduced. The canned foods items are nearly all in good, strong statistical position. Banks seem entirely willing to carry the loans and canners are anxious to show a profit, if possible, after the discourag- ing seasons just passed. The canners are now working under temporary codes which will probably be revised to some degree before they are made permanent. It is to be ex- pected that costs will be increased by the adoption of the NRA code, but the canning industry seems to be unanim- ous in its wish to do its part. There appear to be many inconsistencies in the present code, but these will all be readily overlooked if the ultimate end of renewed hope and conifidence can be attained. The National Canners Asso- ciation was one of the first groups to have their code ready for the confer- ences with the NRA officials. The Writer has interviewed many jobbers, canners, brokers and chain store executives before attempting to prepare this article. They all appear hopeful, encouraged and generally op- timistic. They all seem to voice the same opinion also, as to Mrs. House- wife’s buying habits. As during the depression, she is still neglecting the best grades of canned foods. Fancy grades move slowly, as choice and standard grades seem to cover the needs of the larger percentage of the purchasers. H. K. Royal. >>> Regularity in habits conduces to health. Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 87 Light & Traction Company American (Organized in 1901) CIOL2 CAIOSS CONTROLLING THROUGH OWNERSHIP OF STOCK Public Utility Properties SUPPLIES Gas to 89 Communities with a Population of over____—---- ---- 2,900,000 Electricity to 50 Communities with a Population of over_____-.. 360,000 Transportation to 1 Community with a Population of over_____-- 275,000 Ice to 16 Communities with a Population of over____--__~- ---- 25,000 GIOWL’?O CLI SSD American Light & Traction Company 105 West Adams St., Chicago 120 Broadway, New York City es ee AR PRES AONE TG EET t ' ; a SS ALT NE ONS MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary CASUAL OBSERVATIONS By the Genial Philospher of the Celery City Don’t look back on the “good old days” which when passing you found so much fault with. Looking back on anything is just about as profitable as trying to appease the hungry stomach of to-day with the thought of last year’s stuffy feeling after eating. A preacher told us the other day that the Bible contained 137 promises. All right, the trouble seems to be that we do not really believe any of them. One of the promises was that if we kicked over the traces and ditched the gocart, we would have to pay. Well, it seems that we reached a pont where we said that was all apple sauce and that we would kick as hard and as high as we cared to and nobody could stop us. Well, we did a lot of prancing and now everybody is blaming everybody else, nobody seems to know what it is all about or how it is coming out. The old-fashioned notion we have held to from the start, and that we still hang onto, is that the basic cause of all of our troubles was that we threw into the discard all moral and spiritual val- ues, and we have a still further notion that you can make laws until the cows come home and the butter is churned but there will never be any straighten- ing out of affairs until we live up to the Ten Commandments, the first code of fair practice, and vou call that foolish- ness or not, just as you choose, but that is our story and we will stick to it in spite of all the laws made by man and put forth under the letters of the alphabet. This being a business man’s maga- zine it is neither the time nor the place to discuss theological questions, but we ask you to pardon this lapse. A man who had detoured off the main highway said to us this morning, and with a very cocky air, “Well, whatever the plan is, I know that after I leave this life I will be given another chance.” We replied, “That may be so, brother, but when traveling we always feel more at ease when we purchase a ticket before we board the train.” You have a lot of things to worry about right now. You don’t know what is going to eventually become of you in your business. Everybody is in that frame of mind and there is no use of denying it. You have a boy, however, and you wonder what is going to be- come of him. You are giving him a school education but after that, then what? “White collar” jobs are .not plentiful. Yesterday we talked with a father who has a 21 year old son. He is about to step out of the university but he said, “What is he going to do?” Well, that is the problem confronting every boy and every father to-day and no- body knows the answers. There was a time away back vonder when you knew with the “pulls” that you had that you could get your boy started in a bank or some manufactur- ing organization, or with a compara- tively small amount of money you could start him in a small business and then with a fair amount of ability he could work his way up and out. We have no advice to give. We don’t know the answer and neither do you. You can only hope as we are hoping and let it go at that. We laughed long and loud. We said this, that and the other thing could never happen but they did. Now if somebody should tell us that old tale about the moon being made of green cheese, we would rub our chin, look wise and say that we knew it all along. As we have heretofore told you, we stand front to front, back to back and shoulder to shoulder with Roosevelt and Johnson with anything they pro- pose that will make two blades grow where one now sprouts, but about some things we are still in the dark. Napoleon, you will remember, had something to say along this line and so down through the ages while “heads” have been played upon as the important part of man, stomachs have really made or killed men and nations. In these days when everything seems to be trembling in the balance, as the wise men would say, the question of food, the proper food for the business man, is of prime importance. Having read all of the authorities on the sub- ject, we have reached this conclusion and pass it on to you for what it is worth. Refrain from eating anything that gives you tummy ache and eat freely of anything that agrees with you. We have checked up on this advice with our own stomach for a good many years and we know it works satisfactorily. William L. Brownell Now of course everybody knows that food plays quite an important part in one’s life. The gentleman over in India who trots around in his abbrevi- ated kimono seems to be able to get along for months at a time with no food at all but the plan has never worked satisfactorily over in this coun- try. Perhaps it is the climate or a state otf mind. At any rate, it doesn’t work in the U, S. A. and so that’s that. We have no thought in mind of dic- tating to the President and Mr. John- son what they should or should not do but if they should feel inclined to N R A us a trifle on the food question, it would be appreciated. Stomachs are really not polite things to talk about but as long as we have them and they seem to play such an important part in our lives, it might be well to mention them occasionally. Believe it or not, like it or not, we are all gamblers. We came into life on a gamble. We did not select our par- ents. If we made a fortunate selection, we win. If we made a poor selection, we lose. It was merely a gamble. The biggest gamble of course, the one the most far reaching in what it brings to us of happiness or unhappiness, is mar- riage. No use in denying it. You can’t laugh it off or shrug your shoulders and scoff it off. If you are fortunate and pick a winner, pat yourself on the back: but win or lose, just remember that you are gambling and you can’t get away from it. When you engage in business you gamble. You may select the right or wrong business, the right or wrong lo- cation, the right or wrong partners or directors and there you are simply a gambler. If you are a farmer, you 4 gamble on the weather. As a matter of fact, we are all gamblers and school is now dismissed. It doesn’t make so much difference when the sun rises or the sun sets, but it warms the cockles of your old heart when you are sure your son is playing the game on the square from the rising until the going down of the same. For a couple of weeks we were moulting with what is now botanically called intestinal flu. In our boyhood days it. was termed just plain stomach ache, but with a lot of other old-fash- ioned names and things that was thrown into the discard. Of course we realize this does not interest you be- cause the other man’s stomach ache doesn’t give us any particular pain, but what we do want to mention is that when we got back on the job, we found everything had been going on just as smoothly as it did when we were humping ourself and feeling that we were a very important cog. We would really have been glad if things had kinda gone to smash during our ab- sence and so, we repeat, we are dis- appointed and for the moment feel quite humble. The smarter you are, if you are not dependable, is what makes us all the more anxious for you to hang your hat on the other man’s hook. Your mother, God bless her, knew little or nothing about astronomy, tl cosmos, technology or biology, but had a theology that car- ried her through the stormy sea of life i praises be she and her simple child-like faith moored her fast to ‘the eternal. “Well, how do you think it’s going to work?” “Pretty hard to tell but there’s one; thing sure, it’s g S pn mient on wha we had.” “Some folks seem to think we'll never have another president but a sort of a dictator or king or something like they have over in Italy. What do you think about that?” “So far’s I’m concerned I don’t care a cent one way or the other but let me tell you one thing, boy, I wouldn't want the job. Be that as it may, how- ever, you've got a dictator now only you won't admit it. You swell up and act pretty cocky when you’re down at the Rotary Club or out anywhere with the men folks, but as soon as you get home you're the little dog under the wagon and you know it. Well, I’ll have to be jogging along. Business is pick- ing up some and now’s the time to keep on the job. I’ll tell you one thing though, the man who doesn’t do all he can to help the President get us out of the jam hasn’t any place in this coun- try and you may quote me on that if you care to. Goodbye old man and good luck to vou.” If the merchant or manufacturer who departed this life fifty years ago should come back today and attempt to take a place in business, he would be as thoroughly lost as were Amos and Andy when they started for the Chi- cago Fair with a map of Mississippi for a guide. William L. Brownell. ot to be an improve] Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN LAKE ODESSA CANNING COMPANY Lake Odessa, Michigan Pioneers Today Fifty Years ago Michigan Tradesman applied the ideals of integrity and service to its foundation and today a Pioneer in its line of endeavor car- rics on with an ever increasing clientele —a Balanced Structure on firm foundation produced a successful institution — Our heartiest congratu- acter a Ea se lations to Mr. Stowe. HERE are a few things every man should know about the company with which he does business. Length of service, for instance, reputation in the industry both as to quality of the product and policy of the Company, the personnel with whom you do your business, the abil- ity of the company to grow and keep pace with the requirements of the industry. Important every one of them. LAKE ODESSA CANNING COM- PANY takes pardonable pride in its Brands Odessa Evergood Pontiac Commonwealth Little Boy Blue Bunny Club Cream O’ Garden achievements. The reputation it enjoys. The quality of its merchandise. The assistance its personal service policy has lent to wholesalers. Lake Odessa Can- ning Company faces the future with a well organized, splendidly financed, well managed company which expands its plant and facilities as the need becomes apparent. And when you do_ business with Lake Odessa Canning Company. you do business personally with the Exec- utives who operate the Company. We would like to be of service te YOU. Radio lonia " 90 DETROIT BOARD of COMMERCE Some Things It Has Accomplished for Michigan A condition very much to be desired in Michigan is that industry and agri- culture be co-ordinated to such an ex- tent that each may be fully developed in conjunction with the other. When one considers Michigan, he immediately thinks of manufacturing and mining—automobiles, electric re- frigerators, furniture and many other products, which are famous because they are advertised. On the other side of the picture are the agricultural and live stock interests which, though ex- ceedingly important, are not given ade- quate publicity. It is estimated that the live stock on Michigan farms is worth $200,000,000 and the meat packing industry in De- troit is appraised at nearly $100,000,000. According to the figures of the Bureau of Railway Economics, this state ships more cattle into the Chicago market than any other state east of the Missis- sippi River, excepting Illinois. Although Detroit, ranking as it does, as one of the world’s greatest manu- facturing centers, might not be ex- pected to consider things agricultural, the Board of Commerce has always en- deavored to co-ordinate all interests of Detroit and the state with a view to balanced development beneficial to all. In 1930 the Board filed a complaint with the Michigan Public Utilities Commission in respect to the rates on live stock. An illustration of the situ- ation which restrained Michigan live MICHIGAN TRADESMAN stock raisers from marketing their products in Detroit follows: The railroads then charged 28c per hundred pounds for beef “on the hoof” from Three Oaks, Michigan to Detroit. From the same pcint to Toledo the rate was 224 and to Cleveland 27c. The distance from Three Oaks to De- troit is 197 miles, tc Toledo 180 miles and to Cleveland 256 miles, It is read- ily seen that thc rates to the competi- tive live stock markets outside of Mich- igan were much lower, mile for mile, than the rates to Detroit. This situa- tion was corrected. The rate to De- troit was reduced 4c and is now 24c per hundred pounds. Similar adjust- ments were made in the rates from Battle Creek, Jackson, Ann Arbor, Owosso, Saginaw, Lapeer, Grayling, Mackinaw City, Leonidas, Boyne City, Ashley, Cadillac, Alpena and other live stock shipping points. Since that time Michigan railroads have assumed a broader viewpoint in respect to Michigan agriculture and industry. They have adjusted the rates on sugar beets to a level that will en- courage the movement of traffic. Rates between the agricultural districts of Michigan and Detroit have also been reduced on potatoes, cantaloupes, cheese, grapes and onions. Detroit is the logical market for Mich- igan agricultural products and Michi- gan is the logical market for Detroit manufacturers and wholesalers. The problem of the Michigan farmer is one of Detroit’s problems. An encouraging development is the action of two Michigan railroads which have filed tariffs to become effective December Ist, establishing pick-up and/or delivery service between sta- tions on their respective lines and the lines of connecting carriers which are parties to the arrangement. The plan provides for complete door to door service and both collection and delivery will be performed at existing rail rates on higher rated shipments up to and including distances of 260 miles. The institution of this service by a limited number of carriers has not been favorably considered by several of the other railroads who have petitioned the Interstate Commerce Commission to prevent the arrangement from go- ing into effect. Hearings are being held in Washnigton. Motor Transportation In 1922 the Michigan Public Utili- ties Commission was given power to regulate motor vehicles on the high- ways and it set up regulations under Act No. 209 and issued one permit the first month. Since that time other* forms of regulation have been brought about and at the last session of the Legislature further legislation was passed regulating motor vehicles effec- tive October 16, 1933. The new regula- tions provide that when application is made for a permit it is necessary that the carrier evidence public convenience and necessity for such a line, prove his responsibility, carry cargo insurance, file a copy of his tariff with the Com- mission and also state the frequency of his service. At the present time we have 1,178 common and contract carriers operat- ing within the State of Michigan offer- ing an overnight service at rates in Fiftieth Anniversary most cases less than railroad, including pick-up and delivery service. Detroit shippers are very fortunate in having many of the larger truck transportation lines operating to and from Detroit covering practically every city and town in the State of Michigan as well as the southern part of Wisconsin, Eastern Illinois, points in Missouri, In- diana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, offering the same service as our Michigan motor transportation lines. This form of transportation, together with the concessions made to the ship- pers by the railroads of Michigan, in reducing rates on perishable freight has naturally brought the Michigan busi- ness interests closer together and both will naturally benefit. There has been considerable debate as to the possibility of motor carriers eating into the tonnage of railroads. In my opinion there is room for both forms of transportation and _ both should be encouraged. Up to this time the debate on this form of transporta- tion has been between the railroads and the motor transportation carriers, yet I believe the time is not far away when the shipper will be heard from, demanding that both forms of trans- portation be maintained. Motor trans- portation has extended markets and offers an overnight service that :orm- erly required seven days to transport the same merchandise in package cars over the rail lines. Michigan Fruit and Vegetable Market According to the November report of the Michigan Crop Reporting Serv- ice, the apple crop in Michigan is the FOUNDED in 1912 MICHIGAN LIABILITY President DEPENDABLE AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE WORK MEN’S COMPENSATION PUBLIC LIABILITY AND ALL OTHER CASUALTY LINES NON-ASSESSABLE DIVIDEND PAYING MUTUAL COMPANY te DIVIDENDS in Excess of $4,000,000.00 1209 Washington Blvd. Cherry 4800 Detroit, Michigan Ce Branch Offices in Toledo, Fort Wayne and in Principal Cities in Michigan oyna —cecninasiasisnittni: A taal eee LLC . peer esurmncnmeanlrs TRE nascent. Mg agente ne tne COLE LLL AAA . Fiftieth Anniversary largest in nine years, excepting that of 1931. It is estimated at 8,651,000 bush- els. Of this amount the Michigan Crop Reporting Service claims 1,728,000 bar- rels of commercial apples. However, when the Crop Reporting Service talks about commercial apples in Michigan it apparently does not know Michigan producers consider every single apple grown in the orchards as a potential part of the tonnage that goes to mar- ket, because Michigan apple producers rarely have any science when it comes to grading practices. This is the reason that Michigan apples are selling in many of Detroit’s fruit markets for 35c per bushel and in most cases the pur- chaser is informed that these are Mich- igan Grade A-1 apples. Pratcically every State in the Union, excepting Michigan, grades its apples at present under the following system: U.S. fancy, U.S. No. 1, U.S. utility, and U.S. combination. The U.S. utility grade is what was formerly known as U.S. No. 2 grade and the combination pack must run 50 per cent. or more U.S. No. 1 apples and the balance util- ity. Michigan still adheres to the A grade and the B grade and very few markets know what this pack repre- sents as the U.S. grade is what the trade throughout the country deals with. The Northwest consisting of Wash- ington, Oregon and Montana, packs its apples under Extra Fancy and C grade. This year the Northwest is not shipping any apples out under C grade. This action was taken in order to strengthen the market on Northwest- ern apples and give the consuming pub- MICHIGAN TRADESMAN lic nothing but the best fruits grown. Northwest apples come into competi- tion with Michigan apples here in De- troit and throughout Michigan in a large way. Out of 1,459 cars unloaded in Detroit in 1932, there were 603 cars from the State of Washington, 91 from Idaho, 21 from Oregon and 50 from California and Colorado. The total car lots unloaded from Michi- gan were only 83 cars and from the State of New York 339 cars. Many wonder why the Northwest apples find a market at prices consid- erably higher than apples raised in other producing sections of the East and Middle West . The average housewife knows that apples grown nearer may havea better flavor, but when she goes to the retail market to buy she finds the North- west apples attractive in appearance, free of bruises, worm holes and insect damage and she is willing to pay more for them, as very few want to eat ap- ples that they know grubs and worms have spent a vacation in. Another fact that enters into the demand for Northwest apples is the fact that retail stores and fruit stands know that when they buy a box of Northwest apples every apple will be good, but when Michigan apples pro- duced in nearby sections are purchased, there is quite a percentage of inferior grade, bruised and decayed apples that are generally a complete loss. The Northwest apples are packed in boxes and each box shows their numerical count. The box also has an attractive label and each apple is wrapped after it has been washed thoroughly and dipped in clean water at producing point in the packing shed. The North- west trade also ships its particular va- rieties of apples to markets. They know the proper time each grade should go into consumption. What is probably needed more than anything else in Michigan is an organ- ization similar to the Washington Boxed Apple Bureau which has been functioning and marketing Northwest apples for a number of years. This or- ganization is composed of those ship- pers of the Northwest who not only de- cide the grading of apples but also arrange for publicity and advertising each year and decide what apples are to go to market and what is generally best for the interest of all members of the organization and the entire North- west. Such an organization in Michi- gan would be of untold benefit to the fruit industry of the state in not only determining proper grades, but also regulating the marketing. The freight rate on apples from the State of Washington is 62'4c per box in cars shipped under ventilation and 67%4c per box when shipped under ini- tial icing which brings the price of Washington apples to approximately $2.25 per bushel while Michigan apples are, as we stated before, selling for around 45c per bushel. There are no finer flavored apples grown anywhere in the world than in Michigan. The Michigan producer, however, has not systematized his grading and marketing. The following advertisement appeared in the Yakima Morning Herald of Yakima, Washing- ton, Sept. 2, 1933: 91 Will Your Apples 3e Marketed In Detroit? F.O.B. (Full of Business) Detroit New automobile and truck sales are showing a tremendous rise this year. One of Detroit’s leading auto manu- facturers has had a gain of 74.6 per cent. in the first 4 months of 1933, over the same period in:1932. Detroit has responded with the roar and clat- ter of ten thousand hammers; the whiny song of drills, and the mighty drone of grinding machines. Detroiters eat our apples. Last year 603 cars of Washington apples were marketed there. Richey & Gilbert Co. shipped its first car to Detroit in 1912. We have marketed fruit there every years since, building market prestige, and have for this year the best of connections in this large field. Please remember that the first car _ load of Washington apples received in Detroit was in 1912. Idaho vs. Michigan Potatoes We hear considerable about Idaho potatoes and we must admit that they are properly graded and come to the market in appetizing condition. This year Idaho will produce 19,000,000 bushels of potatoes against Michigan’s 20,400,000. Idaho potatoes are brought to Detroit on a high railroad rate basis and are sold in Detroit and many other sections of Michigan at a much higher price than Michigan potatoes. This is likewise due to lack of organi- zation and proper grading. Michigan produces some of the finest potatoes in the world, yet they cannot be sold in Michigan or any other marketing cen- ter unless the Michigan producers adopt grading and marketing practices which have been the policy of the Idaho producers for a number of years. White Goods Men’s Furnishings Ladies’ Ready-toW Domestics Hosiery Notions Wash Goods Underwear Blankets Linens ‘Draperies FOR OVER SIXTY YEARS Selling Agents and Wholesale Distributors STANDARD STAPLE NATIONALLY KNOWN BRANDS ear Floor Coverings Over Sixty years experience in providing for the particular needs of the independent merchants served by the Detroit wholesale market. EDSON, MOORE & COMPANY 1702-1722 West Fort St. DETROIT 92 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Fiftieth Anniversary As an example of what can be done right here in Michigan we will con- sider for a moment the sugar beet in- dustry. Five years ago Michigan oper- ated three sugar mills, in 1932 eleven mills and at the present time fourteen mills, During that time the Michigan sugar producers had to educate the people of Michigan that beet sugar was of the same quality as cane sugar. Two years ago the writer was called to a meeting of the sugar producers in Mt. Clemens, Michigan, and when asked what was necessary to encourage the Michigan housewives to use Michigan sugar he answered by saying that Michigan sugar should be put up in packages smaller than 100 pound sacks. It was not my own idea, but ideas that I collected fram the users of su- gar in Detroit. Since that time, to- gether with an advertising campaign, Detroiters are using 40 per cent. more Michigan beet sugar than they did in 1931 and the Michigan farmers will be paid approximately $1,000,000 more for sugar beets than they received in 1932. In this article I have attempted to acquaint you with some of the accom- plishments of the Board of Commerce and what can be done by organization. On the other hand I have attempted to show what a sad state of affairs exists where there is no organization. Every wholesaler in Detroit is well acquainted in Michigan and realizes that Detroit cannot prosper without prosperity in the entire state. As a division of the Board of Commerce the Wholesale Merchants Bureau will be very happy to do its part in bettering market conditions in the State. We should all get together and do all we can to further develop all phases of Michigan business. E. E. Prine, Sec’y Wholesale Merchants Bureau, Detroit Board of Commerce. —_+2>—__- Newfoundland Will Be Rehabilitated Self-government in Newfoundland, usually spoken of as England’s senior colony, is to go into temporary receiv- ership. A commission of inquiry re- ports to the House of Commons that economic and political conditions in the sland are desperate. It is planned to suspend the Colonial Legislature and turn over the work of rehabilitation to a mixed committee of Britons and Newfoundlanders. A drastic operation on the public debt is to be among the first steps. Perhaps young Oswald Mosley will hail this as the first victory of fascism over democracy in the British Empire. Yet it may be recalled that a much big- ger dominion than Newfoundland — namely, Australia, with thirty times its population —fell into grave economic and financial difficulties a couple of years ago, but is now handsomely working its way out by established constitutional democratic methods. —__..._ Call the Woodpecker Grade one was having a lesson on birds. After some discussion the fact was established that birds eat fruit. One little girl, however, was uncon- vinced. “But. teacher,” she asked, raising he hand, “how can the birds open the cans?” them. e The KROLIK CORPORATION Wholesale Dry Goods, ® Men’s and Women’s Furnishings DETROIT More than 60 years of outstanding service to Michigan independent dry goods and furnishing goods merchants. Our salesmen will soon be out with the Spring lines. It will pay you to wait for OLD DETROIT Memories Recalled By Michigan’s Pre- mier Historian Glad you can find use for the dope I sent and mightily pleased over the echoes it started—your early venture in journalism in old Charlie Gay’s town and the Selfridge connection. I find that after a lapse of fifty years it takes considerable combing to get the kinks out of one’s memories. I used to get a thrill or two whenever I saw Mr. Peake solemnly twanging his harp, for I envied him his memories as a show- man, when he roved the country far and wide, taking the chances of the road in company with a little band of devoted followers. Your “come-back” reminds me of Longfellow’s song which was popular when you and I were boys: I shot an arrow into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For, so swiftly it flew, the sight Could not follow it in its flight. I breathed a song into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For who has sight so keen and strong, That it can follow the flight of song? Long, long afterward, in an oak I found the arrow, still unbroke; And the song, from beginning to end, I found again in the heart of a friend. Sol Smith Russell was a prince off the stage. Like many of his calling he had too much faith in human nature, but he won out in spite of that. At one time he endorsed a bank note for me for $500. When it fell due I could only pay half the amount, so I paid that and sent a note for $250 on his trail which caught him at Missoula, Montana. Carelessly, I forgot to sign the new note myself, but it came back with his name attached and was paid afterward by me. Mr. Russell took a long chance and that was one time that he did not have to pay for his childlike faith in a fel- low man. He and Fred Berger backed Lloyd Brezee for a time in sustaining the Grand Rapids Herald in its days of hard struggle. I imagine that they found little profit in that venture for Brezee while a brilliant newspaper man had no talent as a business man and little idea as to the value of money. Selfridge and Woolworth surely made good in capitalizing their ideas with courage, confidence and in- finite resource. At the risk of crowding your mail I am writing with regard to the two manuscripts I left for your perusal. They illustrate after a fashion the manner in which suppressed news and forgotten incidents are brought to my knowledge. For several years histor- ans and collectors have been search- ing for the letters and papers of Gen- eral Lewis Cass, only to find that a few years ago they were burned up by his grandson Lewis Cass Canfield in New York. The next natural question is: Why? One possible reason may have been that among his other pa- pers there may have been correspond- ence and records concerning Lewis Cass, junior, who certainly gave the old gentleman a few heartaches and probably cost him much money in set- tling for his escapades. Collectors and historians have also been searching THE TIDE HAS TURNED TO “Known Quality” Merchandise WE ARE LEADERS IN TRUE VALUES Percales Household Linens; and Muslins; Spreads; Sheets and Pillow Cases IMPORTER AND WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTOR Gold Bed Cloth of Bates Direct Mill Representative NEW ENGLAND CURTAIN CO. McConnell-Kerr COMPANY 350 East Jefferson Ave. Detroit SEN ee AOR EIT 4 rep oO REESE a eatin Fiftieth Anniversary for the papers of Zachariah Chandler, which ought to afford mighty inter- esting reading, but I suspect that, if they are ever located, it will be only a carefully selected lot and that a good deal of his political correspondence will never see the light. I find it an inter- esting process to collect and piece to- gether stray bits of apparently unre- lated information for eventually some of these bits piece together nicely and make a story that has never yet been told; as in the case of Bishop Rese and Lewis Cass, Jr. The letter of Oliver Goldsmith was found among the papers of Butler Ives, a former banker of Detroit, of the banking firm of Albert Ives & Sons. Butler tried his hand at prospecting with no luck at all and gossipy old Oliver Goldsmith, having failed in the same puruit, was moved to write him the gossip of the town, calling the roll of their mutual acquaintances and ac- counting for them in series. His spel- ling, even of proper names, is some- thing terrible, but one manages to get a sort of cross section of Detroit so- ciety in the days following the civil war. The Warham S. Brown whom Goldsmith refers to as ““Wyeram’” was a brother of one of Lewis Cass, Jr.’s, victims. He was brother of H. H. Brown, cashier of the Peninsular Bank, and was himself a teller in the bank. If I, after these many years, am able to piece together so many fragments from old letters, newspapers, public documents, etc-—so many incidents in the life of a gay-good-for-nothing of eighty and ninety years ago—lI sus- pect there must be much more inter- esting material regarding a man of whose life there is scarcely any record at all. Also one might weave an inter- esting romance out of the affair of “The Bishop and the Princess.” The Hapsburgs no longer trouble the world, but the Holy Catholic Church still has its index expurgatorius. I hope you may be able to get a smile or two out of the manuscripts and when you have finished with them you can send them back to me, as they are bits from a very large collection of unpublished material which will ul- timately land in the Burton Historical Collection. George B. Catlin. —_+2 > Low End Crockery Prices Drop Calls for kitchen crockery have fallen off sharply in the last ten days and orders were confined to merchandise needed for replacement. Some softening in prices developed last week as a result of the keen competition among pro- ducers for chain-store business. Quo- tations on some of the more popular low-price items were slashed 15 to 20 per cent, to attract business. The cuts put prices on the goods affected back to levels prevailing before the Summer The trade was not upset by the reductions as manufac- turers insisted they are temporary and will be confined to the cheaper lines. —_o oo —___ When our vices quit us we flatter ourselves with the belief that it is we who quit them. —_——_o--2—___ Coldness in love is a sure means of being beloved. upturn in business. MICHIGAN FOREMOST ACCOMPLISHMENT How Detroit Passed Up a Lost Oppor- tunity There is an ancient apothegm that holds that “hell is paved with good intentions and roofed with lost oppor- tunities.” It is quite obvious that a job of such proportions required several civilizations of workmen; and that it is not even yet completed. Which is not unlike the manner and process which many of our modern cities employ in their municipal housekeeping, except that their intentions are not always good. But what a roof of lost oppor- tunities some of them do erect; and not the least conspicuous of these is the far-famed city of Detroit. Designating Detroit as a “City of Lost Opportunities” will, of course, meet with a challenge to prove. So long as we can point to the purchase of Belle Isle, the development of a two- building art center, the recall of an in- competent mayor and the sending of eminent statesmen to represent the great city of Detroit and common- wealth of Michigan, in the halls of congress. There are those who will take issue with such an assertion. But the “roof of lost opportunities” is there, nevertheless, and how it does leak, at that. Energetic city-builders seek to punch another hole in the roof by continuing to spread all over the community the structures designed to house the activ- ities that we know as municipal man- agement and operation. In one section the city hall, in another the water de- TRADESMAN partment, in still another the municipal courts—even now a crazyquilt of civic planning and architecture. And to add to the incongruity of it all, comes the board of education with a proposal to erect a structure that will bear no rela- tion, from the viewpoint of location or general utility and accessibility, to any of the other departments of our mu- nicipal housekeeping. Unquestionably, the most conspicuous prop to our “roof of strongest and Jost opportunities” was erected when the city of Detroit failed to create a civic center that gave promise of de- veloping into one which would attract the attention of America—the oppor. tunity that was presented by Cadillac Square only a few years ago. With the city hall at one end of and facing the Square and the building at the opposite end, the agi- tation arose for the acquiring of front- magnificent county age on the North and South sides of the Square for municipal purposes. At that time, all of the frontage on both Cadillac county building to Woodward Avenue, sides of Square, from the could have been acquired by condemna- tion for a total appropriation of less than it would cost today to buy a cer- tain single corner embraced within that area. What a wonderful plan could have been devised! Municipal structures forming a great quadrangle of archi- tectural beauty and purposeful design! It could have been one of America’s foremost civic accomplishments. It could have been an achievement that would have set Detroit aside and above 14) LD D STIMULANT | Pickles Vinegar RC SALSA RSA poet SATS ASAT SSA | Master Brand J. H. Duprey Company OF DETROIT Test \) 4 fA Al TT Mustard Ry ATT Relishes A 2 nl \ 4 Me UIT a ana eran aaa sna 93 i} i YOU BUY IN DETROIT BECAUSE YOU LIKE FO. ® YOU BUY IN DETROIT FOR THE SERVICE IT GIVES YOU @ TODAY THE DETROIT WHOLESALE MARKET RENDERS A MORE OUTSTANDING SERVICE — OFFERS MORE DIVERSIFIED STOCKS, THAN EVER BEFORE e The Wholesale Merchants Bureau of the Detroit Board of Commerce is always at the service of the merchants of Michi- gan, Ohio and Indiana and will welcome all inquiries. e E. E. PRINE Secretary Commerce Building DETROIT cna tien tee Ae tt Ne TE OETA TIA OEE IIMS A ONE TE I OE ET EEL AO OT e i t F bf { f ' t 94 similar plans and endeavors in other cities. And above all it could have been accomplished at a cost that today would be considered next to an out- right gift to the city. Never again will Detroit have such an opportunity. Did Detroit add another section to ats “roof of lost opportunities,’ when within the newspaper experience of this same writer, here in Detroit, the city refused to create a glorious esplanade along its river front? We speak of such possibilities to-day, but we real- ize the cost is prohibitive. We say we should take advantage of our magni- ficent water front as many cities in Europe have done, but we know we cannot foot the bill, We turned down the opportunity to build one of the world’s finest esplanades at a time when we could have accamplished it at a cost of only a fraction of what we re- cently paid for a comparatively small stretch of land near Belle Isle bridge. Such an esplanade could have traversed the water front across the entire central section of Detroit. Property owners expressed their willingness to dedicate frontage without cost to the city. But we turned a deaf ear and a blind eye to the opportunity that knocked so loudly at our door. And within the same period of time, patriotic citizens tried to force on to the city the right of way for a magni- ficent water front drive running from a point well within ‘the city, out to the shore of Lake Erie. The cost to the city would have been less than we pay today for some inconspicuous street opening. Again opportunity knocked in vain. i Are there thse who will contend that we have proven our alertness and our civic consciousness by such achieve- ments as the Belle Isle bridge, the Art Museum, the central library? Why, those were the children of necessity. They were not the sisters of oppor- tunity, but the offspring of exigency. Who will not recall the years of voting, of debate, of wrangling, even of heated opposition to the acceptance of one of our outstanding artistic em- bellishments—the Scott Fountain? Other rappings of opportunity we failed also to heed; but these outstand- ing demonstrations of our remissness should suffice to make us go slowly in the direction of still more definitely ex- aggerating our errors. Opportunities there ever will be. We may at times be saddened by comparison with op_ portunities lost, but it is time Detroit began to build itself a roof of achieve- ment to replace that of “lost oppor- Jacob Nathan. ——_+<__—_ Handbags Meet Gift Call Handbags are shaping up as a major gift item in womens accessory field, re- ports here yesterday indicated. As is also true of women’s negligee and un- dergarments, the volume is tending to tunities.” run ahead of a year ago. The call for formal bags has broadened appreciably over 1932, with stone-set types in a wide variety of fabrics being featured. The general demand covers several types of leather bags. A large holiday business in umbrellas is anticipated, particularly in styles to retail at $5 or under, eee csaxieasaaisiee ert penn a rhermasencctrienenndpremner -ssasibtoreinmt-e MICHIGAN TRADESMAN WILDCAT MONEY DAYS Business Hampered by Unstable Sys- tem of Exchange The Valley City was, in the old days, closely identified with her sister city of Muskegon, only neither was anything but a straggling village in those brave days of old. It was in the forties sometime that politics ran hot in the village on the Grand, I can not recall the exact date of election, but do know that Whigs and Democrats made a big fight and that the partisans of Henry Clay were snowed under too deep to be resusci- tated until the advent of the new party under the oaks at Jackson. One election, in particular, I call to mind, not from my own knowledge, but from hearing a relative, an actor in the drama, tell the story. Who was the Democratic candidate for village president is not quite clear, but the Whig standard bearer bore the name of Pettibone, and his few follow- ers made up in noise and strenuosity what they lacked in numbers. James M. Merrill Not all the graft and cheating are confined to the present generation. There was plenty of lowdown political trickery, and at the particular election in question the followers of Old Hick- ory got the credit for doing their full share. Isaac Millard was a lusty par- tisan of gallant Harry of the West. He put in the day electioneering for Petti- bone. Hot words led often to blows and much bad blood was engendered. The Board was in the hands of the Democrats. The count revealed some- thing like 300 votes cast, “of which,” said the chairman in a drawling sneer, “there are 270 Democratic votes and thirteen Pettibones!” The handful of Whigs were mad, but could do nothing. There was cheating done, they felt sure. This may have been true, since Isaac Millard declared he knew of no less than twenty men who vowed they voted the Whig ticket and he believed them. That was the day of wildcat money, when a twenty dollar bill would not buy a meal of victuals. About this time Daniel Ball, of Grand Rapids, came to the rescue and saved the situ- ation. Dan Ball money was all the go in the lumber woods and at Muskegon. His paper was for a long time as good as gold. It created confidence and helped to tide over one of the worst seasons of hard times and almost abso- lute panic. The older citizens will remember that Mr. Ball finally went to the wall and his paper became worthless. That was an incident of the times. The war came on with its depreciated currency, yet backed by a Government fighting for existence. “Lincoln skins,” “Old Abe’s scabs,” and the like, went into circulation and their real value de- pended on how the battle for the Union resulted. Small change disappeared as_ by magic. One man buried upwards of $5,000 rather than risk- losing it. That money afterward became the subject of much conjecture. The man who buried it—gold fifty-dollar pieces of California mint and others of lesser value — never recovered the treasure, and there is a belief strong in some minds that this treasure trove is still in hiding near the bank of the Muske- gon River. The writer would not advise a search for this gold at this late day, however. Undoubtedly it was unearthed and put in circulation long years ago by some- one whom the dying man let into the secret of its place of hiding. Be that as it may, although the fact of its burial can not be disputed, there is no doubt but the finding of it now would prove as idle a task as the long years of search by credulous humans for the buried treasure of Captain Kidd. The ups and downs of the banking system were of a somewhat risky and harrowing nature in those wildcat days. The war came, a black shadow cast upon the land, which, however, resulted in a stronger Union, a better feeling between the sections and a cir- culating medium the peer of any on the earth. In many respects that war was a godsend to the American people. It cost thousands of lives and millions of treasure, and in the time of its awful work seemed a most appalling calamity. President Lincoln viewed the blood- shed and scattered treasure as a visita- tion from the Almighty in punishment of the Nation for the sin of human slavery. Who is there to-day who will have the hardihood to stand up and de- clare that such was not the fact? No one can read Abraham Lincoln’s second inaugural message without a profound respect for the great man who uttered it. Without being a mein- ber of any church, the President was of a profoundly religious turn and his practical Christianity was something that no man can deny. While we as a Nation were in the throes of war there were those who cried out against the issue by the Gov- ernment of “irredeemable paper.” These critics stood for the good old money, the “dollar of the daddies,” and professed to see only dire disaster in the inflated paper. A few years after- ward these same men denounced the Government for a return to the solid basis of coin redemption and - out- shouted their old selves in a demand for a continuance of irredeemable cur- rency. Such is the inconsistency of the human animal. Fiftieth Anniversary Paper money was the staff on which the Government leaned in time of stress. When the trouble passed then that paper was made good as gold and time has demonstrated the wisdom of the wonderful man Lincoln called to his cabinet. In the days of wildcat money busi- ness was sadly hampered for want of a stable system of exchnage. A bank note detector was on every merchant’s counter, and no bill was taken until this was consulted. There were abso- lutely no bank notes at par—from 2 to 20 per cent. discount on every paper dollar that flourished before the war. And from this sad state the laboring man suffered even more than the capi- talist. The great civil war wrought a change. Besides wiping out the stain of slavery it built up for the Nation the safest and most perfect money sys- tem ever enjoyed by man. The woods- man who toiled through a stormy win- ter was not fearful of losing his win- ter’s wages when paid off in the spring. The employer of labor knew that when his lumber was sold and paid for the bank notes were as good as gold, not likely to “bust” before he could get to the bank and exchange for coin. The good old times were all right, but in most respects the present times beat them all hollow. Old Timer. —_+->___ Glass Trade Speeds Output With stemware manufacturers hand- ling the heaviest volume of business in more than twelve years, factories are encountering difficulty in increasing production to keep deliveries up to schedule. The current demand for whiskey, cocktail and wine glasses, producers said, is the largest on record. One plant was reported working on a1 order which cails for the delivery of 20,000 dozen liquor glasses a week until further notice; another shipped a car- load of whisky glasses to one customer last week and has a similar order in production. Demand for champagne glasses, it was said, is especially heavy from the retail trade. Large orders were received also for ordinary water goblets and tumblers. —_~++-___ Hose Mill Shut-Down Reported Coincident with the announcement from Washington that the public hear- ing on hosiery curtailment would be held on Dec. 11, a report was widely circulated in the primary market that full-fashioned mills had agreed to a thirty-day shutdown, starting on Dec. 1. According to the report, all mills would be involved. Officials of the Na- tional Association of Hosiery Manu- facturers, however, said they had not heard of the agreement and doubted its authenticity, inasmuch as the public hearing had been called to formulate a policy, and prior action was doubtful. —_2-<.___ Condensed Geography Teacher: What are the products of the West Indies? Boy: I don’t know. “Come, come! Where do you get sugar from?” “Wee borrow it from the next door neighbor.” —— — <<. A stingy man is always poor. 2c TS oe Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 95 EIGHTY YEARS OF ESTABLISHED DEPENDABILITY A Testimonial of Faith Number of Old Kent Depositors Increases Constantly Through Four Years of Economic Stress During the eighty years of its existence, through a cycle of economic ups and downs, the Old Kent has shown steady, conservative, sure growth. During the past four years, during a period of unprece- dented economic uncertainty and world unrest, this growth has continued. Since the beginning of the present year, an epoch making year in history, during which time the business of banking has endured a most precarious outlook, the number of depositors of the Old Kent has increased steadily—each month showing a larger gain than the preceding month, each month increasing the total net gain of business and individuals who have put their faith in the proved security of this institution. Considering the times, this is a record of which any bank may well be proud. It is, indeed, a testimonial of faith. The Old Kent accepts the obligation thus incurred with a firmer resolution to be as worthy of it now as in the years to come. OLD KENT BANK FIFTY YEARS YOUNG Brief History of Symons Bros. & Co. It is a privilege I -highly apprepiate to be able to offer you and your asso- ciates congratulations on the comple- tion of fifty years of continuous assist- ance you have been extending to the retail and the wholesale merchants of Michigan. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN The Michigan Tradesman and Sy- mons Bros. & Company started at “scratch” then, fifty years ago. There has never been an issue of your paper that has not defended the interests of the independent merchant. No trade paper in America could pos- sibly have done more and no trade paper in America, I believe, has been so largely the output of one personal- John W. Symons, Sr., Chairman of the Board Before this, I want to tell you and your read- commenting particularly on ers that there is another golden anni- versary this Bros. & Company, who operated in a small way year. Symons before this period, but were re-organ- ized fifty years ago this month under the present name, and largely under the same management, which puts us side by side with the Michigan Trades- man, ambitious to arromplish the same purpose—to serve the merchants of Michigan. Fifty years is a long time and it has been a wonderful fifty years. Just to show in part wonderful it is, here are a few figures on the population of Michigan: Total population of Michigan in 1880, 1,636,000; in 1930, 4,842,000. Population of Detroit in 1880, 116,- 000; in 1930, 1,523,999. Population of Grand Rapids in 1880, 32,000; in 1930, 168,000. Population of Flint in 1880, 8,000; in 1930, 156,000. Population of Saginaw, West and East side (Now consolidated) in 1880, 29,000; ir. 1930, 80,000. how ity. who never faltered when he took a stand which he believed to be right, ro matter how unpopular it might have been for the moment. I have frequently had occasion to admire your courage in facing a crisis of this character. With regards to Bros. & Company: Michigan was different fifty over mud railroad Symons ago—transportation outside of years roads—deliveries, deliveries, by wagon—-wagons, travel- ing four or five miles per hour, against present loaded trucks, thirty miles or more per hour. transportation by Salesmen traveling with horses, call- ing once a month—large orders, largely going to the lumber woods, and what a change in the matter of communica- tion—now telephones, telegrams and air mail all have come into general use that time. Merchandise stocks were very different—crackers, pork, oatmeal, sugar and many other com- modities were sold and retailed out of Visiting the retailer at that time, you would see groceries—to-day since barrels. you see no groceries—you see fruit and vegetables and shelves filled with beau- tiful cartons—the contents are now not exposed, as they were in the early day. All is changed. Everything is younger and better except the sonnel. The friends of that earlier time are not with us any more. Among the splendid merchants of Grand Rapids fifty years ago I recall: William Widdicomb Amos §S. Musselman Samuel M. Lemon I. M. Clark Paul Steketee Christian Bertsch Sidney F. Stevens C. G. A. Voigt Edward Frick Samuel Sears O. A. Ball H. G. Barlow John Caufield Frank Jewell Lester J. Rindge Wilder D. Stevens Chas. W. Jennings Wm. N. Rowe William Sears Stephen A. Sears per- Fiftieth Anniversary Young men crganized the firm fifty years ago with less than $20,000 cap- ital. After fifty years, the capital is well above a million dollars. The their stock on one floor of the house. carried jobbing 3rewer ar- cade. After a good number of years, they moved into the building vacated on the failure of the James Stewart Co., corner of Washington and Tus- cola streets, building bought for them by a brother, a colonel in the U. S. Army. After staying there ten years, twenty years ago they built the build- ing they now occupy, with its trackage for freight covered for an entire block— 114,000 square feet, practically three acres of floor space. This building is equipped with plant, sugar grinding plant, chemical cold storage plant—sprinkler equipped—modern in roasting every way—five stories and basement. A little later, they built the brick jobbing hous occupied by them now at \lma for a branch. After the war they took over the organization left on the failure of the National Grocery Co. at John W. Symons, Jr., President and many others who are gone. The same is true in Detroit—not one of the principals of the old day still left. The same in Saginaw except this firm of Symons Brothers & Company and the Alderton Company. It may be of interest to learn some- thing of the history of Symons Broth- ers & Company, Jackson—bought and remodeled te National Grocer Co. building in that city. The Alma branch is very success/ully managed by Dan McCuaig, whose per- sonal standing in Alma is of the very highest. The Jackson branch is man- aged by Ellis Barnes, a most aggres- sive and successful merchant. Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 97 We Congratulate the Michigan Tradesman and Mr. E. A. Stowe on fifty years of splendid achievement. We wish them continued prosperity. We are also pleased to present a formidable array of Merchandise that we are proud to offer to the retailers of this state. Quality and general satisfaction are embodied in our well-known brands. They are also CORRECTLY PRICED Quaker Brand Products Heart Delight Prunes A complete Line under this Brand Hart Brand Canned Foods Home Baker Flour Red Boy Salmon Hunt Bros. Canned Fruit Honey Dew Canned Pineapple Table King Brand Products Quaker Coffee A Complete Line Direct Importers of Teas We have a complete line of Cigars, Candies and Nuts for the Christmas Trade LEE & CADY Dita alte a Rl Sines aw a = . Shs eae : > ate - 3 4 eye a ti Mn cn Mike ice SMe scan etc es, $2 nh lla cote eae iinet iat ct iin Ah Al al tu EM SA Beni El 98 At their organization, they had four traveling salesmen working part of the time, They now have at Saginaw, twenty traveling salesmen. They have thirteen at Jackson and three at Alma, a total of thirty-six. About twenty years ago. they com- menced to develop a wholesale furnish- ing goods department, this including all staples of wear, and some articles of women’s wear. Were offered men’s and accepted the agency for some very desirable dry goods lines, among them being the Soo Woolen Mills line. This has been a very valuable line for this firm. Our house has rejected many very flattering offers to join in with volun- tary chain plans of promised advant- age, believing that the retail buyer has a greater advantage in being able to invite quotations from all sellers. It is interesting to consider the direc- torate of this house—four men now directors, have held their positions for an average of forty-seven years. There men are: J. W. Symons, chairman of the board; J. W. Hall, secretary and treasurer; H. P. Goppelt, vice-presi- dent: Rudolph Otto, the young man of the quartet, but a real business man, The other three men in the directorate have been with us a long time. They are J. W. Symons, Jjr., president of the company;; S. E. Symons, son of one of the organizers, and Walter J. Har- ris, vice-president and successful man- ager of the dry goods department. To these men a master part of the credit for the the business is surely due. The success of this house can not be told without giving credit to the char- acter and responsibility of the retail success of merchants with whom they have done business. Mr. Stowe, we have lived together in harmony and peace a long time. Per- haps we haven’t grown old as fast as some others. We have had business depressions and business booms. We have had the Spanish war and the kaiser’s war. Now for the next fifty years. It is said that it doesn’t make much difference where you are on the ladder, but which way you are going. I think there are better times ahead of us. I want to extend greetings to my personal and business friends and thank them for the consideration they have almost invariably shown to this corp- oration, and I want to congratulate every new subscriber to your publica- tion. They are going to get many more times than the cost in friendly advice and information. John W. Symons. ——_ >... Expect Xmas Spurt This Week A sharp pick-up in Christmas trade is expected this week, affording the first real test of the probable trend of consumer holiday buying, retail execu- tives here said yesterday While efforts were made last week to develop early gift shopping, the results have indi- cated quite strong adherence on the part of the many of the public to the notion that such shopping should be done after Thanksgiving Toy, slipper, negligee and medium-price novelty de- partments made the best gift showing during the last ten days. MICHIGAN TALES OF OLD SENEY Edwin Cookson Ran Lumber Camp Without Whisky The exploitation of the great lum- bering industry in this country began in about 1850. People began to settle the good lands of the United States very fast. First the Ohio valley, where about all the land was covered with hardwood forests—oaks, walnut, elm, sycamore, basswood and so forth. Since timber than he knew what to do with, there was no regular lumbering industry, as we knew it in the Upper Peninsula; just small portable sawmills, near the towns. Set- tlements spread north into Michigan, and by tthe end of the civil war the set- tlement of the Prairie States began to boom. From the North of Europe and from many worn out New England farms, hundreds of immigrants ‘trekked into the northwestern part of the United States. First in “covered wagons” and then later by railroads which stretched across the plains. Cities sprang up like magic. With the opening of the prairie everyone had more John I. Bellaire states came a demand for lumber and posts in unheard of quantities. That demand created the great lumbering in- dustries of the North. Our posts and poles went down the rivers and to the cargo boats and out over the railroads to the corn belt, the wheat states and to all the world. Very shortly the North was supply- ing a good part of all the construction timber and fencing, telegraph poles and railroad ties used in the whole country. Our birch, maple, beech and hemlock was being used for flooring, broom handles, furniture, leather tanning and for smelting iron, for making wood al- cohol and acetic acid and all manner of useful things. The settlers needed houses, barns, wagons, farming ma- chinery and fences. The people of the cities needed homes, warehouses, side- walks, chairs and tables, firewood, shingles, fuel, and lumber for mani- fold purposes of an early civilization built entirely of wood. The tree that gave character and distinction to this whole northern forest was the white pine. The white pine forests of the North were the one place from which a seem- TRADESMAN ingly inexhaustible supply of lumber, admirably adapted for building pur- poses, could be drawn. The period of the great migration of people into the prairie states coincides with the period of the great cutting of the northern pine forests. Civilized man made a concentrated attack upon the forests with an army of fighters. Farmers from the southern parts of the United States, Ohio and Indiana, journeyed by thousands into the piner- ies to work as loggers. The great mill towns, Saginaw, AuSable, Escanaba, Manistique, Menominee and others rose, each crowded with sawmills. For three decades, between 1870 and 1900, the North was the greatest timber pro- ducing region of the country, and the chief output was white pine lumber. Romantic as was America’s early history, perhaps no other episode in the entire pageant of American develop- ment has had as much color as the “boom days” when the lumberjack was king and the axe and saw whined rip- roaring accompaniment to the mad melody of falling trees and mushroom- ing towns. No one man took a more promient part, or had a more varied experience in the early logging days than Edwin Cookson of Manistique, Mich. While well advaced in years, he is still well and hearty. Edwin Cook- son is one of the typical lumbermen of the old school. He has spent all his life in the woods. Starting on the famous Penobscot river in ‘the state of Maine, when a mere boy in his teens, he has operated lumbercamps and held responsible positions with lumbering Companies in Schoolcraft county for the past 42 years. Edw:n Cookson gave me a full account of his varied experi- ences in the lumber wood's, and I will try to record it as near as told me as possible. “The Chicago Lumber Company, as well as the other main operating lum- ber companies, were having trouble keeping foreman at their camps in the vicinity of Seney on accout of the free flow of liquor,” Mr. Cookson relates. “Lumbering operations were not sat- isfactory, Seney was 2 roaring lumber- jack town, filled with saloons, hotels and boarding houses. The saloon- keepers, the greater number operated hotel or boarding houses in connection with the saloon. They were all too axious to get as much of the lumber- jack’s hard earned dollars as possible. “I was then holding the position of walking boss for the Chicago Lumber Co. One day George Orr, one of the head officers of the company, asked me if I would undertake the job to run a lumber camp for the company at Seney, that is north of the village, near the head waters of the Taquemenon River. “He advised me they could not keep a foreman, and had been experiencing trouble to get a suitable man for the Seney camp. He decided that a camp could not be operated near Seney with- out liquor, and that I would have to provide extra bunks in the men’s camp for the lumberjacks who would be sleeping off a drunk, or that were un- able to work until sobered up. Fiftieth Anniversary “I told him I would take the posi- tion, but that I would operate the camp wihout liquor, if I was the only man left in the camp. He urged me to go ahead and get my equipment and crew, as soon as I could arrange to do so, adding ‘I am ‘thinking you will have some job on your hands to hold a crew near that liquor town.’ I never drank any liquor myself, and never had any use for it. I had firmly made up my mind I would not allow it in camp or tolerate men who were under its influ- ence. So when I undertook to hire a logging crew, I advised each lumber- jack that I wanted it understood that this camp would be dry, free from liquor, that I would not allow it to be kept or drunk in camp, and that I would give any man his time, if I caught him violating my orders. “IT loaded the complete camp equip- ment on cars ready to ship to Seney by railroad. The lumber company advised me, that I would have no trouble to hire a full crew at Seney, where hun- dreds of lumberjacks were always to be found waiting for a job at that time of the year. I thought different, from what I knew of the men and condi- tions. There were many good, reliable, old experieced woodsmen in Manis- tique, some working in the saw mills, who were anxious to go with me to the new camp. I advised the company I had decided to hire a good cook, I knew, and would take twelve or fifteen men whom I knew I could depend upon from Manistique, with me, to assist in building the camps and getting started, and then hire the balance of the crew of fifty to sixty lumberlacks at Seney. They approved of my plans and ad_ vised me to go ahead and use my best judgment. “We proceeded to Seney with our logging outfit, selected a camp site, and built the complete set of logging camps, buildings required for the log- ging operations. I had no trouble hir- ing a full crew of good husky men at Seney to make up a full crew, and started logging. I experienced no trouble whatever and everything ran along smocth until near the holidays, when one night I noticed two men of my crew were drinking, and were be- ginning to show signs of getting well under way for a drunken brawl. “Dunk Wilson, one of my camp teamsters had made a visit to a nearby camp and brought in a jug of whisky. A man by the name of Richman and James Haney were filling up. “I made up my mind I would ind that jug of whisky and put it out of commission the first thing, further de- velopments would govern any future actions, I ‘first searched in the oat bins, but found nothing. I then proceeded to the mangers in the horse stable, and away down in the bottom of the man- ger under the food box in. Wilson’s team’s stall, I found the jug filled with whisky. I took it to the door of the stable and just as I smashed it on the frozen ground, breaking it in smal pieces and scattering the contents over the snow, Wilson appeared. “He was surprised and exclaimed: “Why did you break that jug? I know your orders regarding liquor, I do not 4 F seursinoness ee cnet me RA PARIONIREAMSIRIE omer *S crscaennaeoecases rec neioneasaneee oe ae ape ee ~_ ~ pee eee ee ee _ oe ee ae ee ee ee oe ee tv = We ' = eo. 6 6 Ne ss VepngR NE enOmrsRRe onsen ee cnet me RA PRIORITIES 2G LANNE NARDIN Fiftieth Anniversary FEATURE... . TOWN TALK COOKIES for Quick and Profitable Turnover PRODUCT OF Braak Cookie Company “Quality Cookies Since 1903” SPRING LAKE . . . . MICHIGAN COMPLIMENTS JACOBSEN COMMISSION CO. Distributors of ESTABLISHED PACKING HOUSE PRODUCTS 701-702 Building & Loan Bldg. Grand Rapids, Michigan 2, e,¢. @ 1D ED 0D (D-DD (
0-0-0) Congratulations to The Tradesman on your Fiftieth Anniversary and Best Wishes for Success in the future. Sherwood Hall Co., Ltd. GRAND RAPIDS Radio Automobile Supplies Electrical Appliances Wholesale Only > SD () SD () D(A () ED -() < Globe Knitting Works Grand Rapids, Mich. We Too! are celebrating our Golden Anniversary FERRIS INSTITUTE « Big Rapids congratulates the Michigan Tradesman and its founder, Mr. E. A. Stowe, on the FrrrierH ANNI- VERSARY of this great trade journal. We, too, are in our fiftieth year. For fifty years we have trained the men and women of the retail trades and business offices of the State of Michigan. Woodbridge N. Ferris at Big Rapids and K. A. Stowe at Grand Rapids began their respective enterprises the same year. Ferris Iysrrrure is now one of the oldest and best established schools of its kind in America. Its five schools are: COLLEGE PREPARATORY In this school mature people, beyond high school age, finish high school in the minimum time. courses, COLLEGE OF COMMERCE Secretarial, Higher Accounting, Business Administration, Salesmanship, Banking and Stenographic Courses, Also three standard four-year courses leading to B. S. degree in Commerce. Life Commercial Teaching Certificate. JUNIOR COLLEGE Regular two-year program of lib- eral arts, pre-law, pre-medical, pre- engineering and other pre-professional NORMAL Teacher training for elementary schools of Michigan. - COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 1. Two year course with complete preparation for state pharmaceutical examination. 2. Four year course leading to standard B. S. degree in Pharmacy. Write for Catalog. New course beginning January 2, January 16, and February 26. FERRIS INSTITUTE, Big Rapids, Mich. Ernest E. Brown, President Sepa nuneavannennnats ——— —————————— 100 care for the loss of the whisky, as I had no right to bring it in, but, oh, to lose that poor little brown jug, is al- I would not have said not broken that That poor little most too much. a word tf vou had poor little brown jug. brown jug and I have been friends so long and we have had such good times together, that I can hardly reconcile myself with its Icss.” “IT told him I had meant what I had sa'd, that I would not allow liquor in camp and that he would have to suffer the consequences if he disobeyed the camp orders. “I went to the camp cffice, and Wil- “I went to the camp office, and Wil- son made for the men’s camp, which was located but a short distance from heard the office. In a few minutes I Richman, stcrming and swearing, tell- ing the crew what he would do with me. ‘I will break his other leg, I wil knock him I will fix him,’ meaning myself. I heard Dug into a cocked hat, Rogers and others of my crew protest- ing to Richman and trying to get him to calm down and give up the idea of trying to start any trouble with me. “My office furniture was all hand made and crude. A _ large served as a storage place for tools and tool box when the cover was down served as a near the rudely con- My office was near sort of a seat structed counter. enough to the men’s camp for me to hear almost every word. I made up my mind, I would be ready and on my guard if Richman came in looking for trouble. “I had a heavy hammer under the shelf back of the counter where I[ sat. This I placed where it would be handy if needed. I could still hear Richman storming and talking, threatening what he would do to me. At last I one of the men say to the crew, ‘Let him go, Cookson will take care of him- self.’ “In a few entered the office. As he opened the door I looked heard minutes he up and greeted him with, ‘Well, Rich- man, what can I do for you? What is on your mind?’ He looked up and ex- claimed, ‘Oh! nothing much, only Wil- son tells me you broke the little brown jug. I know we had no right to go against the camp orders, and: bring in the liquor and drink it. I do not blame you for destroying the liquor, but it does hurt to lose the poor little jug. We have been friends together so long and have had so many good times to- gether, it is like losing an old friend.’ “Well I told him, I was sorry I had broken the jug, as I did not realize they prized it so highly. My main ob- ject was to stop the liquor drinking. Well he says, ‘I do not care so much for the loss of the whisky, but to lose the poor little brown jug is almost too much. I suppose now I will have to draw my time and leave camp?’ No, I told him, if you fellows will straighten out and stop drinking in camp I will overlook it this time. You go back to the men’s camp and everything will be all right. “He bid me good night and made for the bunk house. The next morning he came in the office, drew his time and left for Seney. The taste of whisky was too much for him. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN “Nothing would satisfy him but to go where he could get a large supply and fill up. After his drunken spree and his money was all gone he was ready for camp work again. I nothing more of him that winter. The next winter he came to my camp again saw and applied for a job, “You know my lumber camp rules,” I told him, “and your failings. I can- uot give you 2 job, as I do not want to be bothered, and my crew disrupted.’ “*T will be honest with you,’ he said to me. ‘I want to work for you and in your camp where I can get a good night’s rest after a hard day’s work. I am tired trying to sleep in a camp where there are a lot of drunken lum- berjacks, singing, fighting, talking and making all kinds of noise all night. I my mind to cut out hquor, and can best do it in your camp where it is not allowed.’ “He good woodsman, and after considering his resolutions, I told him I would give him another trial. “He went to work and did not bother with liquor for about four months, or until when camp broke, and he went to Seney with the rest of the crew. He worked for me several winters, but never came back to the camp until he was scber, and never drank or brought I operated this camp for two years, kept a full crew of good, steady hard-working lumber- jacks, and in that time had to discharge only four men for drinking in camp or They seemed to want to abide by the rules.” have made up Was a any liquor into camp. bringing in liquor. In the eighties logging on the Man- istique river and its main tributaries, the Driggs, East and West branches of the Fox river, was at its height. Seney at that time was a real roaring Lumberjack town, eighteen saloons, ten of which ran a hotel or boarding house in connection with the saloon. All lumbering companies op- erating in that section, kept an office and headquarters at Seney. with The saloons were anxious to get as many of the lumberjacks’ hard earned dollars as they could and offered them every lure and inducement within their command to get them to spend their money. In connection with the saloons two large bawdy houses were operated out of the village limits. The sale and use of hquor so handicapped and inter- ferred with the lumbering operations, that the main lumber companies made a united effort to put the saloons out of business and thus kill the town. In a very interesting letter Attorney John F. Carey, now of Escanaba, advises, that he was Prosecuting Attorney of Schoo!craft county from 1885 to 1890 and having had to do in an official cap- acity with many of the matters per- with the lumber companies and the lumberjacks in the early days in Seney. taining “In the spring of 1884 the compan- ies undertook to pay off their men with non-negotiable checks drawn on Mar- quette or St. Ignace banks, thus com- pelling the men to go to either of those places in order to get their money,” Mr. Carey wrote. “A special form of.check was gotten up, across the face of which was print- ed in large letters with red ink the words ‘Non-negotiable’ and ‘Payable to Payee only.’ “An identification slip the same size as the check and bearing the same num- ber was made up, giving a minute per- sonal description, of the payee and for- warded to the bank upon which the check was drawn, with instructions to pay the same to that person only. “The companies refused to honor orders drawn on them by employees who wanted to settle their accounts with local merchants, hotels, etc. One of these hotel keepers, named Smith, came to me and said that he had ac- counts against about one hundred men, aggregating about $2,500.00; that the men were willing to pay but the com- panies would accept no orders, and he feared the total loss of his accounts if the men had to go out of town to col- lect their checks. “He asked me to undertake the col- lection of these accounts and offered me one-third of the amount received for my services. I undertook the job and brought suit in justice court against each of the men, together with garnishment proceedings against the employer companies. James F. Judge was the justice and judgments were duly rendered against the prin- cipal defendants, as well as the garni- shee defendents. Because of the large number of cases—over two hundred— I had a special docket made up, printed and bound for the justice and it was only necessary for him to sign on. the dotted line. to pay The companies were represented in these proceedings by an attorney from St. Ignace. They threatened to appeal the cases to the circuit court and under the law they had five days for that purpose. On the last day for appeal their attorney made a complete copy of one set of judgments containing several hundred words and wired it verbatim to their general counsel at Detroit, for his opinion as to whether the judgments could be successfully attacked upon appeal. Upon receiving his negative reply they made settle- ment in full, paid the costs and dis- continued issuing non - negotiable checks.” John I. Bellaire. ——_2+2_____ Grocery Manufacturers Allowances Favor Chain Stores Grocery manufacturers gave average rates of allowances on total sales to chain store systems of 1.89 per cent. in 1929 and 2.02 per cent. in 1930, which was more than twice the rate to whole- salers and almost twice those given to the co-operative chains, it is shown in a report just released by the Federal Trade Commission covering discounts and allowances in the grocery trade. The average rates of allowances to wholesalers were 0.87 per cent. of the manufacturers total sales to such out- lets in 1929, and 0.91 per cent. in 1930; the figures for co-operative chains were 1.00 per cent. in 1929 and 1.04 per cent. in 1930. In response to repeated assertions that chain stores hold competitive ad- vantages over independent dealers be- cause of large discounts and allowances granted them by manufacturers,” the announcement of the survey states, Fiftieth Anniversary “the Federal Trade Commission con- ducted an inquiry in connection with its chain store investigation.” The result of this inquiry is the pres- ent report on special discounts and al- lowances to chain and independent dis- tributors in the grocery business. It is based on reports received from 457 manufacturers in 1929 and 464 in 1930, who furnished data to the Commission concerning their sales and allowances made to 62 grocery chain systems, 93 grocery wholesalers, and 44 co-opera- tive grocery systems. A report on discounts and allowances in the tobacco business was made pub- lic October 26, and the Commission states that a subsequent study will deal with the drug trade. All Manufacturers Do Not Grant Allowances Of the 457 manufacturers reporting im the grocery industry in 1929 and 464 reporting in 1930, only 253 and 273, respectively, were found to have made allowances to chain, wholesale, or co- operative dealers. Their allowances to chain store systems in 1929 amounted to 3.44 per cent. and in 1930 3.58 per cent. on these manufacturer’s sales to the chains as compared with an aver- age rate of 2.68 per cent. and 2.33 per cent. for the two years, respectively, on sales to wholesale dealers by the same manufacturers, and 2.55 and 2.54 per cent. on sales to co-operative chains by the manufacturers making allowances. ee Total allowances of $6,306,213 made to all dealers in 1929, as shown by these reports, amounted to 3.34 per cent. of the sales of manufacturers granting allowances. In 1930, the al- lowances of $6,439,514 were at the rate of 3.43 per cent. of sales of those man- ufacturers who gave allowances. In general, the Commission finds, there appears to be only a relatively slight association between the total amounts of sales reported and the rates of allowances on such sales, with chains making the smaller purchases frequently obtaining considerably larg- er allowances in proportion to the size of their purchases than the chains buy- ing larger amounts. About one-fifth of the 2,939 manu- facturer-customer accounts carrying allowances in 1930 were found to show allowances of 5 to 10 per cent.; over one-tenth, 10 to 15 per cent.; and 165 accounts, or 5.6 per cent., showed al- lowances of 15 per cent. or over. Thus, 63.4 per cent. showed an average rate of allowance on sales of less than 5 per cent. , In the grocery trade the proportion of discounts and allowances given for quantity or volume reasons exceeds slightly that given for advertising and promotion. Wholesalers obtain a pro- portionately smaller amount of their allowances for advertising or promo- tional work than either the chains or co-operative chains. The report shows allowances to in- dividual chain store systems and other related data. Copies of a summary of the report may be obtained by writing the Federal Trade Commission, Wash- ington, D.C. —_22>___ Be less ashamed to confess thy ig- norance than, by holding a foolish argument, to betray it. ~ he a ek Ae “ ac 3) <> D> ( DD 0 a Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN ro 101 ‘2D 0D 0-0) D0 ED 0D) (ED 0 ED 0-0 (- @ Jennings Pure Flavoring Extracts | These wonderful flavors are the safest and most economical. j Jennings Pure Vanilla We manufacture Flavoring Extracts and Condensed Laundry Bluing and Ammonia. Jennings Manufacturing Company Grand Rapids, Mich. SD) SD () SD () ED () ED () -()
() D-DD SSUUUUECEUOUUAEOCETEE AAA CCTEEACOEEEE UC ETEEE UATE =! Fair Dealing 18 VEARS OF SUCCESS The Company is now insuring a large number of Michigan business men. It pays to insure with a Michigan Company so in complicated cases you can go to the Home Office. With 400 agents in all parts of the State, service is prompt. Comply with the new State Law by taking a policy with this well established company. See your local agent or write WM. E. ROBB, Secretary CITIZENS’ MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE CO. HOWELL, MICHIGAN UU CONGRATULATIONS To You On Your Fiftieth Anniversary Your years of well-spent endeavor have left their mark on the many communities you serve. Like you, we, too, are dedicated to service — trust services, in our case. Bankers Trust Company of Muskegon is prepared to serve both individuals and corporations in any trust capacity and it has the experience, management and facilities needed to assure the efficient handling of any matter entrusted to its care. BANKERS TRUST COMPANY OF MUSKEGON Muskegon Michigan eer Hand made Merit will win Masterpiece Cigar 5c Made in Grand Rapids Sold Everywhere Long filler a $ i $ g $ iy $ gt $ g Uy Li U x bi x $ Uy Y Ly 3 a $ Li LU i $ g U i iy a $ LU g $ x Ly a U i $ Uy U WOMEN’S FULL FASHIONED HOSIERY 39 Gauge 45 Gauge Introductory orders solicited from retailers in Michigan Sell your customers Michigan Made products HOSIERY MILLS. INC. BELDING, MICHIGAN LY a ee ee oe oe re Y a a a ay orem RR etna tae ep = ae nam ar 102 ALL ABOUT COFFEE Interesting Facts Collected by an Acknowledged Expert ao The word coffee comes from the Arabic qahwah, through the Turkish kahveh, being originally one of the names employed for wine in Arabic. This was the name given to the bev- erage. The berry from which the drink is made was called bunn. Coffee was first mentioned in liter- ature by Rhazes, a Arabian physician about 900. It was first a food, then a wine, a medicine and ‘finally a beverage. Its use as a beverages dates back 700 years. In the beginning the dried coffee ber- ries were crushed and mixed with fat to form food balls. Then a wine was made from the raw beans and dried skins. The roasting of the beans began in the 13th century. The coffee tree is indigenous to Abyssinia. From there its propagation spread to Arabia, India, Ceylon, Java, Martinique, Surinam, Brazil, the Philip- pines and Mexico. Its most recent de- velopment has been in British East Africa and Indo-China. The beverage was introduced from Arabia to Turkey, where the coffee house began in 1554, to Venice in 1615, to France in 1644, to England and to Vienna in 1650, and to North America in 1668. The first London coffee house was opened in 1652. The coffee plant most cultivated for its berries is Coffea arabica, although other species are not infrequently met with in the trade, notably Liberia and Robusta. The Arabica is an ever- gren shrub that reaches a height of 14 to 20 feet but is usually kept pruned down to 6 feet. It bears fruit, leaf and blossom at the same time. The leaves of the coffee tree are lance-shaped, being borne in pairs, op- posite each other. They measure 3 to 6 inches in length. They are dark green on the upper surface and light green underneath. The coffee berries are at first dark green, changing as they ma- ture to yellow, red and finally deep crimson or cranberry color. Beneath the skin the berry, or coffee in the “cherry” is a mucilaginous saccharin pulp, enveloping the parchment cover- ing which encloses the green coffee beans, usually a pair of oval planocon- vex seeds, though sometimes there is but one seed, called from its shape pea- berry or male berry. The green beans are wrapped in a delicate, semi-trans- parent, closely adhering jacket called the silver skin, The small white blossoms are:not unlike those of the jasmine or orange in form and scent. They are tubular, the tube of the corolla dividing into 5 white segments, though the number of petals is not at all constant even for flowers of the same tree. They last about 3 days. In countries where the coffee estates are near the coast their rich fragrance may be detected by in- coming voyagers three miles from land. The principal chemical constituents of coffee are caffein and caffeol. Caf- fein supplies the stimulating quality, which, because of its purity, is without harmful re-action. The caffeol supplies MICHIGAN TRADESMAN iti the flavor and the aroma. Coffee is a valuable adjuvant food. It is the most grateful lubricant known to the human machine and it increases personal effi- ciency in mental and physical labor. The correct preparation of coffee re- quires that the beans be freshly roasted, and finely ground just before making in a French drip pot or some filtration cevice employing cloth or Japanese pa- per as a filter medium. The liquor should be dripped through the filter but once; never re-poured. Coffee should never be boiled. The principal coffee producing coun- tries are Brazil, Columbia, Venezuela, Dutch East Indies, Guatemala, Salva- dor, Haiti, Mexico, Porto Rico, Costa Rica, British India, Nicaragua, Abys- sida, Arabia, Angola and the British East African Protectorate, their order being based upon five-year average ex- ports. The world’s average annual coffee production is about 2% billion pounds, Brazil produces 1% billion pounds yearly or more than all the rest of the world put together. The principal coffee consuming coun- tries, based on the latest per capita fig- ures, are Sweden, Cuba, Denmark, United States, Belgium, Norway, Hol- land, Finland, Switzerland, France. The United States imported 1,407,- 855,966 pounds of coffee in 1923. For many years it has led all other coun- tries in the quantity of its imports. Its chief source of supply is Brazil, which provides over 66 per cent. of our seeds. Columbia supplies 16 per cent., Central America 8 per cent., Venezuela 4 per cent., Mexico 3 per cent., Dutch East Indies 1 per cent. and other countries 2 per cent. Our per capita consumption in 1923 was 12.45 pounds. Generally speaking the most su‘tab‘e climate for coffee is a temperate one within the tropics. Robusta and Libe- ria do best in regions from sea level to 3,009 feet. Arabica flourishes better at hiyher levels up to the 6,000 foot frost line. Usually the trees are grown from seed first planted in nursery beds and when about one year old transferred to prepared plantation grounds where they are set out in shallow holes 8 to 12 feet apart. They bear full crops in Six years. The coffee fruit ripens about six to seven months after the tree has flow- ered, or blossomed; and becomes a deep purplish-crimson color. It is then ready for picking. The ripening season varies throughout the world, according to climate and altitude. In the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, the harvesting sea- son lasts from May to September; while in Java, where three crops are produced annually, harvesting is almost a continuous process throughout the year. In Columbia the harvesting sea- sons are March and April, and Novem- ber and December. In Guatemala the crops are gathered from October through December; in Venezuela, from November through March. In Mexico the coffee is” harvested from Novem- ber to January; in Haiti the harvest extends from November to March; in Arabia, from September to March: in Abyssinia. from September through November. In Uganda, Africa, there are two main crops, one ripening in March and the other in September, and - picking is carried on during practically every month except December and Jan- uary. In India the fruit is ready for harvesting from October to January. Coffee is prepared for the market by the dry and wet method. In the former the berries are sun-dried and cleaned by hand or machines in the dried state. In the latter they are fermented and pulped in water and then dried in the sun or by artificial means before being cleaned by machinery, The cleaned beans are transported to the nearest seaport town where, before shipment overseas, they are not infre- quently graded and tested by buyers representing the larger importers in the principal consuming countries. Arrived in the consuming country the green beans are roasted by coal or gas, pack- ed and distributed to the consumer through the recognized channels. Roasted coffee is sold at wholesale in the United States chiefly by about 4,000 wholesa'e grocers and by roasters who make a specialty of preparing the green coffee for consumption and who feature either bulk or trade-marked package goods. It is sold at retail in the United States through seven dis- tinct channels of trade; independent retail grocers, chain stores, mail-order houses, house-to-house wagion-route distributors, specialty tea and coffee stores, department stores and drug stores. The principal coffee trading markets of the world are Havre, Hamburg, Antwerp, and New York. There are both spot and future markets in New York. In the former actual coffee is handled in street sales. In the latter the trading is not concerned with ac- tual coffee but with the purchase or sale of contracts for future delivery of coffee that may still be on the trees in the producing countries. These opera- tions, which take place on the Coffee Exchange, are either in the nature of ordinary speculation on amrgin or for the legitimate purpose of effecting hedges against holdings or short sales of actual coffees. More than a hundred different kinds of coffee are bought and sold in the United States. They are divided into two general groups, Brazils and Milds. Brazils comprise those coffees grown in Sao Paulo, Minas, Geraes, Rio de Janerio, Bahia, Espirito Santo and other Brazilian states. The Milds in- clude all coffees grown elsewhere. In 1923 Brazils made up about three- fourths of the world’s total consump- tion. Brazil coffees are classified into four great groups, which bear the names of the ports through which they are ex- ported; Santos, Rio, Victoria, and Ba- hia. Santos coffee is grown principally in the state of Sao Paulo; Rio, in the state of Rio de Janerio and the state of Minas Geraes; Victoria, in the state of Espirito Santo, and Bahia in the state of Bahia. All of these groups are further subdivided according to their bean characteristics and the districts in which they are produced. Bourbon Santos is the best of the Brazil growths. It is a small bean re- Fiftieth Anniversary sembling Mocha. It is used with any high priced coffee to reduce the blend. The flat bean Santos may be used straight or in combination with all milds. Rio have a pungent flavor and aroma and are useful for popular priced package blends. Mexicans are mellow, rich in body and of fine acidity. The best known districts are Coatepec, Huatusco and Orizaba. The best known Guatemalas are Co- bans and Antiguas. They have an aro- matic cup and are fine blenders. Sal- vadors are mostly inferior to Guate- malas. Nicaragua’s washed coffees are fine roasters and acid in the cup. The high altitude coffees of Costa Rica are rich in body, of fine, mild flavor and make superior blenders. Haiti’s coffees are cf average quality. Santo Domingo coffees are of good body and fair flavor. The Blue Moun- tain Jamaicas are fancy roasters, rich, full and mellow in the cup. Porto Rico coffees are fancy roasters having a peculiar flavor similar to washed Caracas. The best known Colombians are the Medellins (handsome roasters; fine flavor and body), Manizales (similar to Medellins but not so acid), Bogotas and Bucaramangas, the fancies among which compare favorably with fine Javas and Sumatras. Venezulean coffees range next to Santos in quality and price. Washed Caracas are best in roast and cup. Mer- idas are the best of the Maracaibos, having a delicate flavor prized by ex- perts. Mocha coffees have a unique, acid character, and a heavy body which make them useful for blending with fancy mild washed types. Indian coffees seldom come to Amer- ica. The Malabars are best. Mysore growths come next. Plantation Ceylons are stylish roasters, rich, and flavory in the cup. The best Java coffees come from the Preanger, Cheribon, Buitenzorg and Batavia districts. The Sumatra growths are better. The finest and highest priced coffees in the world come from the Mandheling, Ankola, Ayer Bangies, Interior and Lalembang districts. Among Abyssinia growths the Long- berry Harar resembles Miocha in the cup. Old crop Kona growths from Hawaii are of fine flavor and blend well with any high grade mild coffee. Wm. H. Ukers. —»+ + >—__ Leather Belting Demand Awaited Entering its seasonally dull period, the leather belting industry is looking fodward to a sharp advance in orders for next year. According to manufac- turers, many plants are laying plans for extensive rehabilitation work in the Spring and, accordingly, sizable quanti- ties of belting will be bought. The sharp demand which started in mid- summer and extended into the early Fall developed mainly from textile mills, which had to put idle machines back to work. In 1934, however, belt- ing producers expect a much broader call from a more varied range of indus- tries and feel that the year’s volume will approach close to that of 1929. ° “ 4 soe ~~ SP ORE COREE te Ot ei ~RN sliHRR tse ies bidet ae pecusaeetRsE 2 ¥ Fiftieth Anniversary MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 103 °, % ae For over fifty years we have been filling the AWNING and CANVAS — NEEDS ° Western Michigan CHAS. A. COYE, Inc. Campau Ave. and Louis St. Grand Rapids 2°, * > Se, i a ! ~ i a= i = i a ~ RUBBER STAMPS Forbes Stamp Co., 145 IONIA AVE,, N.W. “Opposite Post Office” GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 3) > (:) D- (- - ( -() OD 0D () GED (-) GD () GE (0 SD 0D (SD -()