THIRTY-THIRD ANNIVERSARY EDITION—Price, 25 cents WPZO IAN CCS SALE DF pS ODDIE SNF RE & RAEN WS ee NOs ON ea oy 4 3) ome. arte KAY 4 Hoe NN RNY pe! SEN 4S a a 77, 7a Cy \ X a es AW Cee (Gans aC CaN oh LN) A] tal AG (4 Aa 7A San a: PSE CoS a ae a4 Su ree Geet eee Ne RGN tee ey ZZ SrustisneD weeKug 7 We a SEDICS SSQ ASSN SSS SS Thirty-Fourth Year GRAND RAPIDS, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1916 Number 1727 , WHITE FLOUR | i R DS | t a i HH tine e LILY WHITE | we | am i “THE FLOUR THE BEST COOKS USE” Proposed Fraternal Constitutional Amendment _ ART. XI, Section 10— This will guaran- tee to lay members of fraternal ance societies the right to and have a Insur- organize lodge or not, at their op- tion, also all other benefits enjoyed by them. Prohibits the Legislature denying from to these societies these fun- damental rights. This provides for Legislative super- vision and regula- tion of other State Societies. This Section pro- vides for exemp- tions of labor or- ganizations, travet- ing men’s associa- tions, Masons, Odd Fellows, Elks, Moose, Eagles, etc. A real guaranty for Majority Rule by membership in- stead of by dele- gated authority, such as Grand or Supreme toages. Without a mail- Ing list petitions could not be circu- lated. Mailing list pro- tected by making its sale or misuse a criminal offense - punishable by fail sentence without option of fine. TO BE VOTED UPON NOVEMBER, 1916 A True Copy with Comments by Fraternal Amendment League, Grand Rapids, Michigan. “Section 10. The Legislature shall provide by general law for the incor- poration and regulation of fraternal benefit societies, which societies are defined as, any corporation without capital stock organized and carried on solely for the mutual benefit of its members and their beneficiaries and not for profit, and which shall make provision for the payment of death benefits. Every such society may provide for the payment of benefits in case of temporary or permanent phy- sical disability, either as the result of disease, accident or old age, and for the payment of last sickness and funeral benefits. Any such _ society may at its option have a lodge system, with ritualistic form of work but neither such lodge system nor ritual- istic form of work shall be compul- sory.” “The. Legislature shall also provide by general law the terms and condi- tions upon which fraternal benefit so- cieties organized under the laws of another state may do business within this state.’’ “No fraternal benefit society, ex- cepting those now exempted under Section 29 of Act 169 of the Public Acts of the State of Michigan of 1913, shall be authorized to incorporate or do business in this state, unless it shall have in its laws:” “(a) A representative or democratic form of self-government, with a provi- sion for the recall of its officers by a majority vote of its members voting, upon petition of not greater than 15 per cent. of the membership;”’ ““(b) Provisions authorizing the ini- tiation of, or a referendum upon any By-Law, upon a petition of 10 per cent. of the membership, the same to be decided by a-majority vote of the members voting;’’ “(c) Provisions requiring its offi- cers upon demand of five or more of its subordinate organizations, to fur- nish to such subordinate organizations a mailing list of Michigan members for use in the exercise of the initiative, referendum or recall; Provided, that it shall be a misdemeanor and punish- able by imprisonment in the county jail not to exceed 90 days for any per- son to make use of such mailing list for any other purpose than herein- above stated.”’ This Section makes’ unconstitu- tional any law that declares a_ society insolvent when it has more cash than accumulated liabili- ties. ‘‘Mobile Law Valuations” require practically a $2.00 rate for a _ $1.00 benefit. This paragraph will repeal present statute making It a misdemeanor for fraternal societies to use any more money in circulat- ing constitutional amencment peti- tions for their own protection, and will make it unconsti- tutional for any fu. ture legislature to enact such perni- cious legislation as this or to limit constitutional rights by indirect statu- tory enactments. Does not repeal any present fra- ternal law not in conflict with this amendment. Five hundred or more Michigan members of any other State Society if their Supreme lodge refuses’ to give them the rights set forth in this amendment may upon applica- tion and without re-examination se- cure a license from Michigan. In other words, this amend- ment proposes that Michigan shall pro- tect these people, which is far better guaranty than any supreme lodge could possibly give. ““‘No law shall be valid— (1) Which requires a valuation or inventory of any fraternal benefit so- ciety upon any basis which will show such society to be insolvent when its assets exceed its accrued liabilities, or which shall require the collection of assessments for death benefits in ex- cess of the actual average mortuary cost per one thousand dollars ($1,000) insurance in force of the 10 largest legal reserve life insurance companies of the United States of America of 50 years’ experience; Provided, that any society having a mortality higher than the average mortality of the legal reserve companies aforesaid, may be required to collect assessments on the basis of its actual average death rate experience for the previous five years; or”’ “(2) Which denies any fraternal benefit society the right to expend its funds other than mortuary funds, for the circulating of petitions or other- wise promulgating laws and constitu- tional amendments for its own pro- tection; Provided, that no such funds may be used for corrupt purposes.’’ “Existing laws of this state govern- ing fraternal benefit societies are not invalidated except so far as inconsis- tent with this section.” “Any fraternal benefit society auth- orized to do business in this state on the taking effect of this amendment, may continue to do such business only until the next meeting of its general or supreme body unless its laws shall comply in all respects with the pro- visions of this amendment. Societies organized under laws of another state, not exempt under Section 29 of Act 169 of the Public Acts of the State of Michigan of 1913, may transact business in this state by complying with the provisions of this amendment as to their business in this state; Provided, that if any such _ society shall fail so to comply, any 500 or more members of such society shall be entitled, upon application, to incor- porate and do business under the laws of this state, as a fraternal benefit society.”’ Vote “‘yes” on election day, November, 1916, and secure some constitutional rights that our supreme delegates, senators and representatives will have to respect. For further information apply: Fraternal Amendment League, Room 212 Shepard Building, Grand Rapids Old Age Freeze-Out— Double Headers for All! Shall the Old Members Be Frozen Out? Shall We Allow Our Rates to Be Doubled or Tripled? Shall Fraternal Protection at Cost Be De- stroyed? THE QUESTION IS—Is it possible to per- petuate your lodge under the present fraternal insurance law? WITHIN TWO YEARS—Four Michigan so- cieties have SURRENDERED THEIR CHAR- TERS, three have been merged into Old Line Companies, and several others are in the pro- cess of being eliminated, while practically all are shown to be insolvent—technically. The statistics below show the condition of some of the most popular: Technically Insolvent Modern Woodmen ........... . 62 per cent. Cleaners ....02.4..3.55 5 sssoces DL Der cent. Woodmen of the World ....... . 42 per cent. Royal Neighbors .............. 67 per cent. Mystic Workers of World .... 68 per cent. American Yeoman ........-... 69 per cent. Km & 1, Of Security .....:.... 69 per cent. Modern Brotherhood .......... 42 per cent. Protected Home Circle ........ 51 per cent. Woodmen Cirele ...0....:..... 44 per cent. All of these societies have large cash _bal- ances over and above all their accumulated lia- bilities and yet the Michigan law is advertising them as “technically” insolvent. This alone is sufficient to put them out of business, and their Supreme Officers are neglecting to inform the members of the facts. FRATERNALISTS ATTENTION! THE NEW FREEZE-OUT OR DOUBLE AND TRIPLE-HEADER RATE. You will be compelied to pay, at your ac- quired age, the rate given below unless your society is already 100 per cent. ‘‘technically’’ solvent. If it is now ‘technically’? solvent, it means that your Supreme officers and dele- gates have already frozen out the old member and forced upon the members who remained a rate actually double the cost price of life in- surance. The lamentable fact is that they still retain the power to not only repeat this freeze-out scheme when the young man of to-day grows old, but ean at their pleasure surrender their charter and transfer the membership to an Old Line Company. The Proposed Fraternal Constitutional Amendment will, if adopted November 7, posi- tively prohibit any further depredations. Time is short and it is necessary that you work night and day to contributee to the suc- cess of this amendment, if you want to SAVE your Fraternal Protection AT COST, otherwise the following or their equivalent, will be your rates: National Fraternal Congress Rates— Lodge Dues Extra. Age Annual Monthly ie 21 $10.62 $ .93 a. 2 10.92 .96 ah 28 11.24 .98 Se 24 11.57 1.01 ho O65 11.92 1.04 So 26 12.28 1.07 a) oy 12.67 1.11 fee 28 13.08 1.14 Ba 29 13.51 1.18 oF 38 13.96 1.22 Pe | eg 14.43 1.26 a= | 32 14.94 1.31 S133 15.47 1.35 e 34 16.03 1.40 Sm 35 16.62 1.45 sn 36 17.24 1.51 ce 37 17.90 1.57 2 8 18.60 1.63 so 638 19.34 1.69 *., 40 20.11 1.76 g° 4] 20.93 1.83 an 649 21.80 1.91 As | 43 20.92 1.99 Fe 44 23.69 2.07 as 45 PL 2.16 ce 46 25.81 2:25 sa. @ 26.91 2.35 6a 48 28.20 2.45 S 49 29.51 2.58 eS BD 30.98 2.71 ae 51 32.39 2.83 Eo 62 33.97 2.97 = 5S 35.65 3.12 am 54 37.45 3.28 SG © 55 39.36 3.44 PS 6 41.41 3.62 a. 57 43.60 3.88 on 58 45.94 4.02 H 59 48.45 4.24 60 51.18 4.47 Vote ‘‘Yes,’’ November 7 on the Fraternal Amendment. ig 6 e140 * a * a * ADESMAN Thirty-Fourth Year FROM THE FIRST. Twenty-Eight Original Subscribers of the Tradesman. Twenty-eight of the original sub- scribers of the Michigan Tradesman —that is, those who have taken every issue since the first number in 1883— are still on the subscription list, as follows: Charles H. Coy, Alden. Amberg & Murphy, Battle Creek. Adam Newell, Burnips Corners. J. L. Norris, Casnovia. F. H. Bitely, Casnovia. James H. Voller, Detroit. E. S. Botsford, Dorr. Richard D. McNaughton, Fruitport. Wolbrink Bros., Ganges. D, Gale, Grand Haven. Belknap Wagon Co., Grand Rapids. Frederick C. Beard, Grand Rapids. George Carrington, Grand Rap‘ds. William, J. Clarke, Harbor Springs. Walsh Drug Co., Holland. Frank B. Watkins, Hopkins. L. M. Wolf, Hudsonville. Charles G, Phelps, Long Beach, Cal. Rodenbaugh & Stevens, Mancelona. Wisler & Co., Mancelona. Thompson & Co., Newago. Aaron Rogers, Ravenna. M. V. Wilson, Sand Lake. H. P. Nevins, Six Lakes. Milo Bolender, Sparta. Mrs. Anna Mulder & Son, Spring Lake. O. P. DeWitt, St. Johns. S. E. Wait & Sons, Traverse City. —_—__+-+___ A financial writer attempts to pal- liate extravagant spending on the ground that “if money is falling in value the only way to get its value is to exchange it for goods as rapidly as possible.” He poinis out that “the dollar that was saved two years ago will buy one-quarter to one-third less than one could have had in exchange for it at the time it was saved.” Now all this is liable to invelvc a pernicious confusion of thought. When it is declared that “gold is falling in value,” what is actually meart is usually that gold has been falling in value, That eives no hint as to the future. Prices cf steel, copper, coal, wheat, cotton, and goods generally, have been ris- ing; and the mere fact of their rising means that the price of gold—repre- sented by its purchas‘nz power—has been falling. But is there any reason for assuming from this that it will continue to fall? It will continue to fall only if prices of commodities con- tinue to rise. Prices of commodities have been advancing for the past two years. It ts hard to imagine them going much higher. it is extremely easy, on the other hand, to imagine them going lower, and at the end of the war, falling precipitously. If they do, gold will rise precipitously. When the inducement to save begins to fade GRAND RAPIDS, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1916 because of the possibility of gold fall- ing in value, industry and borrowing governments have to bid higher for gold; they have to-discount the ex- pected fall in value; they have to raise the interest rate. Thus the interest rate is an index (to be handled with care, however), as to where the finan- cial community thinks the value of gold is going to go. —__>-.-____ The State Secretary of the Fraternal Amendment League states that the first object of the proposed fraternal constitution amendment is not what the opponcnts of the amendment claim i1 is, that of repealing the Ogg law requiring ritualistic form of work. He says that while the amendment pro- vides for doing business without ritualistic form of work, it also guar- antees the right not only to have the Indge, but to make it possible to have one. The contention of the League is that the fraternal insurance sys- tem at cost is fast passing away, six erand lodges having gone out of busi- ness under the Michigan law within two years and practically all of the rest of them, especially the larger and more popular organizations, being ad- vertised as insolvent (technically) when they have hundreds of thou- sands and in some instances millions cf cash surplus over and above all ac- cumulated liabilities. For instance, the Modern Woodmen are advertised as 62 per cent. insolvent, the Glean- ers 51 per cent. the Woodmen of the World 42 per cent. the Royal Neigh- bors 67 per cent.—technically. The foregoing simply means that the old men in the fraternal societies will have to be frozen out and the young men assessed practically double the actual cost price cf life insurance, according to the actual experience of legal re- serve old line companies of fifty or moOre years experience. [t is also cited that very few fraternal orders iti Michigan are writing any whole life insurance, being already eliminated from competition with old line com- panies in this respect. ——_~+ 2 — The delay in handing down a de- cision in the trading stamp case in the Michigan Supreme Court is not unusual in the practice of that tribu- nal, but it does seem a little peculiar that decisicn of a cause so clearly defined as te merits should be delay- ed so long. It is not expected that any-more decisions will be handed down by that tribunal before the end ot December. —_»+-___ F. W. Geller, dealer in general mer- chandise at Fowler, writes as_ fol- lows in renewing his subscription to the Michigan Tradesman: “Talk about getting your money’s worth! You certainly get it in the Tradesman, if you read it.” Where Dces Mr. Groesbeck Stand? It is a little unfortunate that the Re- publican candidate for Attorney Gen- eral should be the man who has been the chief attorney of the trading stamp sharks for several years and who has left no stone unturned to defeat the will of the people as expressed by the enact- ment of a prohibitory law by the Legis- lature. Mr. Groesbeck has been so sub- servient to his client that he has resorted to subterfuges and technicalities which are seldom resorted to by the high minded advocate. In the event of his election, which is clearly foreshadowed at this writing, it is to be hoped that he will forsake the associations of the past and act solely in the interest of the people he serves. With a view to deter- mining his exact status in the matter, the Tradesman recently addressed him as follows, but no reply has yet been received to the enquiry: “In the event of your election, will you pursue the same aggressive policy regarding the enforcement of legisla- tion against trading stamps that Grant Fellows has pursued or will you be likely to be influenced by your long connection with the Sperry & Hutchin- son Co, to work in the opposite direc- tion? “The trading stamp people are urging their friends to vote for you, because, in the event of your election they will have a ‘friend at court,’ as they express it, “The merchants of Michigan, as a class, are utterly opposed to trading stamps and many of them have appealed to me for definite information as to how their cause will be helped or hindered by your election. “Will you kindly write me frankly— not privately and confidentially—what your attitude will be on the subject in the event of your election. ‘I thank you in advance for the courtesy of a reply.” —_—_>2.+___ Want Small Sizes of Cigars. Members of the Chicago Retail Drug- gists’ Association have passed a resolu- tion requesting manufacturers who have raised or who are contemplating raising the prices on their cigars to reduce the size of their product instead. That the Chicago druggists are ex- tremely anxious to have their resolution considered by the manufacturers is shown by the fact that copies of the resolution have been sent to practically all of the leading cigar manufacturers’ organizations, to the Tobacco Merchants Association and to the trade press. It is also requested in the resolution that the retail druggists’ associations of the various states be asked to take the matter up, adopt a similar resolution and “proceed in the same manner” that was adopted by the Chicago organiza- tion. Number 1727 Counsellor Charles Dushkind. Secre- tary of the Tobacco Merchants’ Associa- tion, has announced his intention of bringing the matter to the attention of the manufacturers who are members of the 1, MA. whatever action they deem best. so that they may take —__eooa—_—_ No Celebration Needed. Grand Rapids, Oct. 23—In my opin- 10n appropriate and adequate recog- nition should be made bv the business men of Michigan of the unique an- niversary which this week’s issue of the Michigan Tradesman marks in the relation between E. A. Stowe and the city and State— it might be said, without hyperbole, between Mr. Stowe and the Nation. lor myself, I gladly improve this opportunity to put on record my own appreciation of the unfailing devotion and unparalleled qualificat‘ons which Mr. Stowe has broucht to his work with his remarkably conducted trade journal during the pas: third of a century, and which i is yet happily sharing with its readers I express their own desire that a connection so agreeable may be continued for many a long year to come. i _ Mr. Stowe’s long record of service Is exceptional in newspaper circles tor other reasons than its obvious duration far beyond the average term of association with one journal. The men are few, indeed, who can close their thirty-third year of service with an institution of any kind and know themselves*honored, admired and be- loved by all their fellow-workers and associates in the mercantile world. Ot the many laurels that crown E. A Stowe’s lifework I think this is the brightest. Wholesaler. ——_>-__ ae a ae The German newspapers are publish- ing a full page appeal in large type signed by Chancellor Hollweg and Ru- dolph Havenstein, President of the Ger- man Imperial Bank, and others con- stituting a committee of which the Crown Prince is President. asking the people to contribute their ornaments of gold that they may be melted into coin One sentence in the appeal reads: “The sacrifice demanded from you is light compared to the sacrifices of blood our heroes at the front continue to make.” Presumably there will be generous re- sponse, and if so, it will be helpful. Incidentally the inference is that there is need for a great deal of assistance in Germany, and that conditions there are coming, indeed have already arrived at an uncomfortable pass. ——_~++.__ The Barden Grocery Co., of Water- vliet, in renewing its subscription to the Michigan “Send all tack numbers—cannot lose any. Tradesman wrote: —_>2>——___ A fool squanders a lot of money for experience, then proceeds to give others the benefit of it free of charge. > 2 + Truth may be stranger than fiction, but some men make it hustle to keep ahead. When. you have no reason to smile, keep in practice, anyway. 4 2 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 UPPER PENINSULA. to be opened sometime next week. New boulevard lights are a pleasing ——- J. Booth, representing the Ohio addition to Jefferson avenue. USED AUTOS Recent News From the Cloverland Match Co., was a business visitor here One of the most beautiful window —My Specialty. Largest Stock— of Michigan. last week. cisplays seen in Saginaw in a long Runabouts $65—$350 Touring Cars $150 and Sault Ste. Marie, Oct. 23—R. W.. Frank Allison, well known meat time was the fall opening window of Sey picid scl pac iu Cowan, Manager of Prenzlauer Bros. Company’s general store, is off on a business trip to Detroit and New York, purchasing the winter supplies. The dry campaign which is so strenuously waged in the Soo at the present time does not seem to have any effect upon the weather, as the town was never so wet as it has been this fall, with rain nearly every day and almost every night James. B. Melody, weil-known soap salesman for Swift & Company, is spending a week at_the Soo. Mr. Melody left here last Wednesday with another party to make the smaller towns down the river and declared this was his first opportunity to have the sub-marine sensation while plow- ing through the little lakes along the road en route. However, Jim is of the cheerful disposition and reports an unusually properous trip and says there will be no occasion for anything but a clean-up throughout the winter. Colonel Fish, well known capitalist, who makes his home at DeTour, is a brother to the famous golf player at Chicago, and the Colonel is in re- ceipt of some fine phetes from Chica- go which have been taken from a golf tournament at the latter city, which he prizes very highly. ‘ The Osborn hunting party, which were nearly lost during the big gale last week in the Canadian waters, heve sent several heads and antlers of the caribou taken on Caribou Is- land, near the North shore of Lake Superior. The heads were sent to Vigeant’s store and are attracting much attention, as they are somewhat of a novelty to some Sooites. Two things you can say to almost any man without offending him. One is, “You are working too hard or you ought to get more pay.” : J. MacManman, reovresentative of the Cornwell Company, Canadian di- vision, left last week tor Saginaw on a brief visit. : F. J. King, representative for Swift & Company, Chicago was a visitor here this week. Neilson Simonson, formerly book- keeper for the Armour Company, but now of Sandusky, was a visitor here last week, renewing oid acquaintances. He states that he missed the good old Soo which has always had a warm spot in his heart. Business conditions throughout thts territory have been very satisfactory this fall. The surrounding towns are leying in their winter supplies prior to the closing of navigation and from present prospects there will be a large amount of lumbering carried on dur- ing the coming winter. The Cornwell Company has opened a branch office in the Canadian Soo at 496 Queen street, which will be a valuable asset to the Canadian trade. Otto Fowl, President of the First National Bank, left last week to spend the winter in California. He is ac- cempanied by Mrs. Fewl. “Misery loves company and it never needs to have a lonely feeling.” A. D. Kinsey, Manager of the Western Union Telephone Co., re- ceived word last week that his step- brother, Forbes Amos, was killed in action in France last week. Mr. Amos was a member of the _ thirty-third battalion of the Canadian overseas forces and was selected as one of the three sharp-shooters ci that battalion and later transferred tu the mounted rifles. The Connolly Manufacturing Co. is now installing a compicte and up-to- date electric shoe repairing equip- ment in its -uilding cn Spruce street. J. P. Connolly purchased the en- tire stock and fixtures of A. A. Cummings while in Saginaw last week and arranged with Mr. Cum- mings to come to the Soo and take charge of the new work, the business salesman for the Cornwell Company on the D., S. S. & A. division, made another record trip to St. Ignace and towns in his new Overland last week. Frank says he had a most exciting experience during the Saturday night gale. He left St. Ignace for Trout Lake, but as his car was not equip- ped with an aeroplane attachment, luck was against him. When only twenty miles from a teiephone, both rear springs broke. He finally suc- ceeded in getting two long poles under the body of the car, thereby enabling him to steer and he drove on low speed to Ozark, where he abandoned the car and cheerfully contributed to the D., S. S, & A. for a ticket fo the Soo. Frank is somewhat of an opti- mist, however, and seems to appreci- ate the experience. Morris Morrison, has secured a po- sition with the Cornwell Company as shipping clerk. Frank Oakes, of Daggett, arrived in the Soo last week and took a po- sition on the police force staff. N. J. LaPine, popular salesman for the Cornwell Company. Soo line di- vision, paid the home office here a visit Saturday. William G. Tapert. —_» +. Late Business News From Saginaw. Saginaw, Oct. 23—Dollar Day has come and gone and to say the mer- chants were busy would be putting it mildly. Every stoi2 was crowded from early morning urtil late at night with buyers, coming irom all sections of the Saginaw Valley. The rainy weather failed to dampen the spirits ci anyone and everything came off as advertised from Governor Hughes speech to the wonderful exhibition of Harry Gardiner, the Human Fly, who climbed the face of two build- ings before a crowd of 30,000 people who were thrilled a plenty. Mer- chants who are looking for an attrac- tion that will draw the people are ad- vised to book the Humian Fly. Hauger’s $9.99 store is now con- veniently located on Genesee street, next to the Bijou theater. Hole-In-The-Wall Gardiner passed through the city this week en route to Chicago to attend a big auction sale. Watch him bring home the bacon. The New Palace theater will begin a season of musical comedy next week, a stock having been booked which will give two plays a week. This is what the peopje want. A blanket display by Mr. Fuller, of the M. W. Tanner Co., is attracting much attention. It consists of sev- eral children in sleepers indulging in a regular pillow night. The effect is natural and very wel! done. the Barie Dry Goods Co. _ Arthur Johnson, formerly of Lud- ington, is now with the E. L. Gardiner Co., of this city. Don’t forget to put into effect the State wide prohibition amendment. Take your time in voting. There will be other amendment ballots handed to you. If you are not sure, ask some one who knows, Be sure you vote it dry. B. Laughlin. Some people never have any respect for gray hairs until they have acquir- ed a few of their own. AGRICULTURAL LIME BUILDING LIME Write for Prices A. B. Knowleon Co. 203-207 Powers’ Theatre Bldg., Grand Rapids, Mich. Jw SHOES For Bigger and Better Business Or eee FIRE UNDERWRI SHINGLES Reduces Fire Insurance Rates Will Not Ignite from Flying Sparks or Brands Sold by All Lumber Dealers H. M. Reynolds Asphalt Shingle Co. “Originators of the Asphalt Shingle’ Grand Rapids, Mich. £ 45 Pearl Street If Interested in the Heating Question, Be It By Steam, Vapor.:W ater Look into the merits of the “Prudential” Boiler It has points of superiority not equaled by any other construction No problem too complicated for our heating experts Pulte Plumbing & Heating Co. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. in the market In Business Since 1879 What have you to trade Dwight’s Used Auto Ex. 230 Ionia, N.W. OFFICE OUTFITTERS LOOSE LEAF SPECIALISTS 237-239 Pearl St. (near the bridge) Grand Rapids, Mich. Hartnett Flower Shop Cut Flowers—Floral Decorations rivie ete t Teele hey 72 N. IONIA, Just North Monroe Both Phones Grand Rapids, Mich. Can't Afford this— The old-style tank with its jigger pump reduces your profits by leakage, makes your store “oily’’ and “smelly”’ and causes a disgruntled customer every time you deliver any groceries that taste of coaloil. If you are still using this method of handling kero- sene you could easily pay for a Self-Measuring Outfit with what it’s costing you to do without it.| The Bowser Outfit cuts off the flow of oil as soon as you stop pumping; it does not drip; it positively prevents evaporation: you save the oil and the foods; there's no oily smell; no dirty, oil-soaked floors: no odor— you get all your profit. The Bowser Outfit does away with the nasty oily measure and funnel—no necessity for washing your hands after every sale. You hang the customer's can on a clean nozzle and pump any pre- determined quantity. We make outfits for floor use (as shown below) or you can have the tank installed in the basement and place the pump any place you want it upstairs. There’s money! in handling kerosene if you handle it right—and the right way to handle it is with a Bowser Outfit. S. F. BOWSER & COMPANY Incorporated FORT WAYNE, INDIANA Sales Offices in all Centers and Representatives Everywhere ~ i » x ‘ & pe 0? 4 » , 4 rtp Pa ) \ » fF $ ‘ > i $ % U s - + om ; ’ £ « 9 » a i « > 0 October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Barney says— In the old days long time credits some times got the business, but today it seems that the merchants want GOOD GOODS, PROMPT SERVICE and FAIR TREAT. MENT. When the present management took hold, this policy was adopted, and | guess this is the reason why our business is six times as large as it was fifteen years ago. Barney Langeler has worked in this institution continuously for over forty-five years. WoRDEN (GROCER COMPANY GRAND RAPIDS— KALAMAZOO THE PROMPT SHIPPERS SEED AND HAVANA 4 SS = “3 0: = $2 Ly, = Be: Vi: aante a e Me F = : fie ~~ ‘es dB ES ~ ED vas z av ei a VAAVIEAATITTANIAATS 7 ae “es 1 SS WO , BPs SAIS $4 Cay Cy~ap s 3 ) OM if es ° ene eee ; —*TRY O! oe es |G eo cA A 19 wy 27 DORNBOS' #3} DORNBOS 5 A Smile in Each One JOBBERS, RETAILERS AND CONSUMERS - PETER DORNBOS - 16-18 Fulton St. W. - GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. “STYLES THAT SELL” SOFT THE CAPS, GLOVES & NEWLAND & STIFF HATS HAT MITTENS We carry a complete line of the latest styles for prompt shipment Mail orders solicited Newland Hat Company 164-166-168 Jefferson Ave. Detroit, Michigan Foster, Stevens & Co. Wholesale Hardware wt 157-159 Monroe Ave. 151 to 161 Louis N. W. Grand Rapids, Mich. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 ae Tne A BE =m ie rT IBY J=G ee a2 ) SOS; zl |. Movements of Merchants. Tallman—J. B. DeLing is adding lines of hardware to his stock of gro- ceries. Vassar—Bert Clark has sold his bak- ery to Claude D. Ellison, who has taken possession. Lapeer—Tom E. White has added a line of wall paper to his stock of dry goods. Lake City—James Sanborn, of Mid- dieville, will engage in the meat busi- ness here Dec. 1. Central Lake—Mrs. Jennie Adams has opened 2 second hand store in the Upthegrove building. Detroit—The Griffiths-Jans Furni- ture Co. has increased its capital stock from $8,000 to $15,000. Detroit—The Buhl Sons Co., whole- sale hardware, has increased its cap- italization from $600,000 to $1,000,000. Kalamazoc—W. H. Wolcott, of Allegan, has engaged in the grocery and meat business at 1114 March street. Bangor—J. J. Van Wieren, of Kal.- amazoo, has purchased the Walter Webster Dakery and will continue the business. Thompsonville—William Imerman & Co. are closing out their stock of general merchandise and will retire from business. Mendon—G. A. Royer, meat dealer, will immediately erect a brick meat market in place of the one recently destroyed by fire. Negaunee—Henry Levine has en- gaged in the clothing and men’s fur- nishing goods business in the newly erected Kuhlman block. Port Sanilac—P. L. Graham, who re- cently purchased the Oldfield stock of general merchandise, has closed it out and retired from business. Vassar—C. Chrysler has sold his grocery stock to his son, Thurber Chrysler, who will continue the bus:- ness at the same location. Menominee—Fire damaged _ the plant of the Hansen & Olson Laundry Co., 631 Parmenter street, to the ex- tent of about $1,200 Oct. 20. Atlas—Jordan & Kurtz have sold their stock of general merchandise and gro- ceries to F. H. McGregor, recently of Davison, who will take possession Nov. 15. Bangor—George Wyman, recently of Lawrence, has purchased the Earl W. Fausnaugh jewelry stock and will continue the business at the same lo- cation. Ypsilanti—The M. M. Produce Co. bas opened a wholesale and retail store at i7 East Cross street. The company has also opened a branch store at 517 East Williams street, Ann Arbor. St. Ignace—Erard Bros., jewelers, will dissolve partnership and the business wil] be continued by Joseph Erard, who will take over the interest of his brother, Edward. Saugatuck—A. C. Kelly has removed his bakery to the Heath block and added a line of confectionery and candy making apparatus to his baking equipment. Applegate—Grover Whaling, gen- eral merchant, has fled a voluntary petition in bankruptcy in the United States Court, listing assets at $1,850 and liabilities at $3,128,14. Battle Creek—Bert Van Syckel and Luther Wilbur have formed a copart- nership and engaged in the grocery busi- ness at 370 West Main street, under the style of Van Syckel & Wilbur. Negaunee—Winter & Suess, whole- sale and retail grocers and meat deal- ers, have erected a cold storage and sausage manufacturing plant in con- rection with their business. Stony Creek—William Wiederhoft has erected a brick store building in place of the one destroyed by fire last spring and has removed his stock ci general merchandise into it. Otsego—John McMullen, who re- cently purchased the feed and fuel business of Webster & Palmer, has sold it to H. M. Balgoyen, of Holland, who will take possession Nov. 1. Nadeau—The Nadeau Mercantile Co. has been organized with an au- thorized capital stock cf $10,000, all of which has been subscribed, $1,300 paid in in cash and $£,700 paid in in property. Cassopolis—J. G. Hayden & Son have sold their wholesale butter, egg and produce business to Fred Castle, who conducts a chain of similar stores. Roy Pursel will act as manager of the Cas- sopolis store. Gladwin—Capling & Coan, dealers in hardware, agricultural implements and jewelry, have dissolved partnership and the business will be continued by E. A. Coan, who has taken over the interest of his partner. Constantine—D. Abrams has sold his stock of bazaar goods to Samuel Din- taman, who has admitted to partnership his son J. C. Dintaman and the business will be continued under the style of Samuel Dintaman & Son. Manistee—Skidding as he approach- ed Sibben and Fifth streets, Dona Nartineau, a druggist, of Arcadia, drove his machine entirely through the front of the druz store operated here by Mrs. Lena Heine. Counters were overturned, shelves were knock- ed down and stock was left in a heap. The machine was badly dam- aged, but both Mr. and Mrs. Nartineau were uninjured. Escanaba—The Upper Michigan _ Logging Co. has been organized with an authorized capital stock of $5,000, all of which has been sub- scribed, $2,500 paid in in cash and $2,- 500 paid in in property. Detroit—The Broadway Bedding Co. has been organized to conduct a general furniture store with an au- thorized capitalization of $2,000, all of which has been subscribed, $1,300 paid in in cash and $700 paid in in Eroperty. Stanton—J. M. VanNocker has trad- ed his stere building to Walter Houseman, of Detroit, for 80 acres of land near Fentwater. Mr. VanNocker is closing out his stock of general merchandise and will remove to his farm early in December. Durand—The A. D. Mosser Co. dry goods dealer at Ovid, has pur- chased the dry goods stock of Albert Bros. and will continue the business under the management of A. D. Mos- ser. B. S. Woodworth will act as manager of the Ovid store. Detroit—Morrison Bros., have en- gaged in business to conduct a job- bing business of toys, novelties and confectionery at 682 Crane avenue with an authorized capital stock of $2,500, of which amount $1,500 has been subscribed and $1,000 paid in in cash. Benton Harbor—The Peck Sales Co. has been organized to carry laun- dry machinery and equipment and other machinery and merchandise with an authorized capital stock of $5,000, of which amount $2,500 has been subscribed and $1,000 paid in in cash. Coldwater—The farmers have or- ganized ga cO-operative creamery com- pany and purchased the old creamery plant which has been closed for the pust two years. W. H. Helrigel, of Nashville, has been engaged as but- ter maker and the plant will be opened for business about Nov. 1. Hudson—The new schedule of prices for the next six months’ milk has been made by the Helvetia Milk Con- densing Co. and is as follows: Oc- tober, $2; November, $2; December, $2.05; January, $2.05; February, $2.05; March, $1.85. This makes an average price of $2.00 paid by the Helvetia for the next half year, a higher price than has ever been paid by it before. Adrian—The jewelry business for- merly conducted under the style of the Kirk & Judge Co. will hereafter be conducted by H. W. Judge & Son. Kenneth Judge, who has been em- ployed by the Wilcox Hardware Co. for the past year, will be associated with his father in the business, with which the former has been connected continuously since the year it was founded, 1882. The new firm will con- duct the business at its old location cn South Main street. Manufacturing Matters. Lansing—The Barker Cole, Electric Co. has increased its capital stock from $10,000 to $40,000. Howell—The Howell Electric Mo- tors Co. has increased its cap'tal stock from $30,900 to $100,000. Detroit—The capital stock of the Michigan Stamping Cc. has been in- creased from $700,000 to $1,500,000. Belding—The Spencer Electric Light & Power Co, has increased its capital stock from $50,000 to $75,000. Kalamazoo—The Kalamazoo Shoe Manufacturing Co. will increase its capital stock from $50,000 to $100,000. Howell—The Tower Creamery Co., of Detroit, is erecting a milk receiv- ing station which it will open for business about Nov, 1. _ St, Joseph—The Auto Specialties Manufacturing Co., of Joliet, Ill, is erecting a factory building here,80 x 400 feet, two stories in height. Baraga—The Sturgeon Valley Lum- ber Co. has been organized with an authorized capital stock of $10,000, cf which amount $5,000 has been sub- scribed and paid in in property. Detroit—The Risdon Creamery has teen organized with an authorized capitalization of $50,000, all of which has been subscribed, $1,000 paid in in cash and $49,000 paid in in property. Detroit—The Martin Radiator Co. has been organized to manufacture and sell radiator devices with an au- thorized capital stock of $25,000, of which amount $18,000 has been sub- scribed, and $2,500 paid in in cash. Detroit—G. W. Zanger, furrier, has engaged in the manufacture and stor- age of furs and merchandising of furs and ladies’ apparel with an au- thorized capital stock $25,000, of which amount $18,000 has been subscribed and paid in in property. Quincy—Emil Anderson, of this place, is building a creamery at Cold- water, which he expects to have in operation by Nov. 1. Mr. Anderson owns and operates the creamery at Quincy, where a large amount of butter is manufactured. Flint—J. P. Burroughs & Son have engaged in the manufacture of flour and feed and in the sale of produce, building material and fuel with an authorized capital stock of $300,000, of which amount $290,000 has been subscribed, $90,500 paid in in cash and $109,500 paid in property. Detroit—The Schermack Corpora- tion has engaged in business at 1606 Kresge building to manufacture, sell and lease stamp vending machines and other mechanical specialties with an- authorized capital stock of $900,- 000, of which amount $500,000 has been subscribed and $90,000 paid in in cash. Detroit—The Detroit Metal Prod- ucts Co, has been organized to manu- facture sheet metal stampings of brass or steel and manufacture automatic and screw machine parts at 54 Vin- cennes street with an authorized cap- ital stock of $3,000 common and $2,000 preferred, of which arnounts $3,000 has been subscribed and paid in in cash. West Branch—One of the largest land transactions made in Michigan this year was recorded Oct. 22, when D. Fleming, a well known resident of this place, sold to the Antrim Iron Co., of Mancelona, one of the largest remaining tracts of virgin timbered lands, of hardwood, left in Michigan. The tract, consisting of 2,300 acres and estimated to contain 50,000,000 feet of lumber, was sold by Williams Bros., of Cadillac. It lies in Antrim county, near the Otsego county line. “ “, eats ot) a : ‘ f © ¥ . +." e October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN iS ee_ J HL (4 d. GR = Ho) OCE RY.4"2, PRODUCE 1 ECT aaa as ss : 4 < i , y. ; rRypluae Os ORI TEP Asia cP =i (ZS ate a, wat ooo atte Mt vi tt Mui Review of the Grand Rapids Produce Market. Apples—Baldwins, Wolf River and Tallmans, $3.50@4; Greenings, $3.50@ 3.75; Hubbardstons and Spys, $3.75@4. Bananas — Medium, $1.50; Jumbo, $1.75; Extra Jumbo, $2; Extreme Ex- tra Jumbo, $2.25 up. Beans—The Association price is $5 for white and red kidney. These are the prices buyers pay the farmers. Deal- ers hold picked at $5.50@5.75 in car- lots. Beets—$1.25 per bu. Butter—The market is strong and unchanged irom a week ago. Cream- ery grades are held at 33%c in tubs ard 34l%c in prints. Local dealers pay 28c for No. 1 in jars and 24c for packing stock. Cabbage—$1.25 per bu. Carrots—90c per bu. Celery—20c per bunch. Citron—$1.50 per doz. Cocoanuts—$6 per sack containing 100 Cranberries—$7.50 per bbl. for Early Black from Cape Cod. Cucumbers—50c per dozen for fancy hot house; 60c for extra fancy. Eggs—Strictly fancy are scarce and in excellent demand, considering the extreme high price for the season. Lo- cal dealers pay 33c for fresh, candled and loss off, and hold at 35c. Cold storage are held at 32c for April and May, 31c for June and 29¢ for seconds. Egg Plant—$1 per dozen. Figs—Package, $1 per box; layers, $1.50 per 10 lb. box. Green Onions—Silver skins (black seeds) 20c per doz. bunches. Honey—18c per lb. for white clover and 16c for dark. Lemons—California, $5.50 per box for choice and $6 for fancy. Lettuce—10c ‘per 1b. for hothouse leaf; $1.50 per bu. for head. Maple Sugar—1i7c per Ib. for pure. Maple Syrup—$1.40 per gal. for pure. Mushrooms—40@50c per 1b. Nuts—Almonds, 18c per 1b.; filberts, 16c per Ib.; pecans, 15c per Ib.; walnuts, 16c for Grenoble, 151%4c for Naples; 19c for California in sack lots. Onions—Home grown $3.25 per 100 Ib. sack; Spanish, $1.75 per crate of either 50s or 72s. Oranges—Valencias, box. Oysters—Standards, $1.40 per gal.; selects, $1.65 per gal, New York Counts, $1.90 per gal. Shell oysters, $8.50 per bbl. Pears—Anjous and Duchess command $1.50 per bu.; Kiefers, 75@90c per bu. Peppers—$2 per bu. for green; 20c per doz. for red. Pop Corn—$1.75 per bu. for ear, 4%4c per lb. for shelled. Potatoes—Home grown are strong at $5.25@5.75 per $1.50 per bu.; Giants from New Jersey fetch $1.65 per bu. The farmers are marketing their crop very freely, receiv- ing $1.25@1.50 per bu. Pumpkins—$2 per doz. Poultry—Mixed fowls command about 4c; broilers, 22@23c; turkeys, 18c; ducks, 17c; geese, 11c. Dressed fowls average 3c above these quotations. Radishes—15c for round. Squash—$2 per bbl. for Hubbard. Sweet Potatoes—$3.25 per bbl. for Virginia; $2 per hamper and $5 per bbl. for Jerseys. Tomatoes—$2.50 per bu. for ripe; 75c per bu. for green. Turnips—$1 per bu. Veal—Jobbers pay 13@14c for No. 1 and 10@12c for No. 2. —_»>-+—__ Vanden Bergh Stock to Be Sold. The general stock of Charles A. Vanden Bergh, of Howard City, will be offered for sale at public sale Nov. 2. The stock inventories about $4,- 000. The liabilities aggregate $10,150. The sale will be conducted by Wm PB. Holden, trustee for the creditors. DeWitt—John Coverdale has his new cheese factory here completed and is taking in milk, The factory is of modern construction with tinted ce- ment walls and floor. Good drain- age is provided. Two iatest improved noiseless vats that hold 4,000 pounds of milk each, two automatic cheese presses, a 15 horse power boiler and a 4,000 pound whey separator are in operation. The output of the factory is sold as “Eureka Cheese,” and is all handled by one firm. Mr. Coverdale has owned and _ operated several cheese factories and has made a suc- cess of the business. Kalamazoo—The Kalamazoo San- itary Mfg. Co. has been organized with an authorized capital stock of $350,000, all of which has been sub- scribed and paid in in cash. The com- pany will absorb the Enamel Tank Co. and begin immediately the erc- tion of a large pottery plant for the manufacturing of plumbers’ sanitary earthenware. Arthur F. Hoit, wholesale lumber dealer of Detroit, renews his sub- scription to the Michigan Tradesman as follows: “Enclosed please find check for $2 covering one year’s sub- scription in advance. It is a pleasure to pay for your paper. I consider it cheap at double the price asked.” Richard Rademacher, who retired recently from the grocery business, has taken the position of city salesman for the Voigt Milling Co. —_—_».-.—_—_ C. T. Daugherty has engaged in the grocery business at 842 Prince street. The Grocery Market. Sugar—The market is firmer and all refiners are now on the basis of Wc for granulated. The situation is very Strong, but relief is reasonably certain to come within the next month, as Louisiana sugar and domestic beet gran- ulated will both be on the market about that time. The consumptive demand for sugar’is only moderate. Tea—The market continues firm, with holders still asking full prices for both black and green teas. While the country is not buying on the same active basis as last month, there is a steady move- ment for consuming needs. The mod- erate warehouse stocks tend to militate against speculation, but steady improve- ment is awaited on the theory that all commodities are advancing. Coffee—Rio and Santos grades are unchanged. Most people believe that coffee at to-day’s quotations is a safe purchase. It seems reasonably sure that if peace should come the demand for Rio and Santos coffee, which is now being handled almost entirely by the United States, would be so increased that the price would advance several cents a pound. Mild coffees are dull! and comparatively cheap. Java unchang- ed. Mocha is gradually working down- ward and is fractionally lower than it was a month ago, but is still about 2c above the price which was formerly considered about a normal average, namely, around 18@19c. Canned Fruits—Apples are about 25c per dozen gallons higher. California goods are unchanged for the week, but the undertone is strong owing to the light stock on the Coast. Small Eastern stape canned goods show no change for the week, but the stock are very much reduced. Prices are very high. Canned Vegetables—While there has been no lessening of the demand for canned goods, trading has in a sense been less active because of the fact that offerings have been curtailed. There have been no conspicuous advances dur- ing the week simply because in the opinion of many traders the string has already been stretched as far as it will go, but there are others who declare that there is a little more elasticity left yet. Nothing new is known about the tomato pack as yet, but everybody seems to agree that it is ample, and also to agree that present prices are excessive. It would be extremely risky to buy very many tomatoes at to-day’s market. Corn is also, as has been previously reported, in an unprecedented condition, but there is reason for the high prices of corn, namely, short crop everywhere. Prices remain unchanged for the week. There is a better enquiry for cheap peas, which is to say the cheapest on the market. There are no really cheap peas about, and the best that can be done is around 90c. Ordinarily the same grade would sell at 65@75c. Canned Fish—The trade is now await- ing the arrival of new pack salmon, which is delayed by freight congestion, and in the meantime only small consign- ments are coming in. As a result the spot demand is active, with prices at the highest point of the season. Domestic sardines are very scarce at previously reported quotations. Imported sardines are very firm and high. Tuna is in 5 excess of the offerings, and that market remains very firm. Dried Fruits—The prospect of delay- ed deliveries from California is having the effect of stiffening values on all varieties of raisins. The Association has been advised of no new prices as yet and efforts are now being directed to- ward getting deliveries through as speedily as possible. Prunes are strong. There is no longer the same indifference on the part of buyers as has been shown all summer, but on the contrary there is a disposition to take advantage of any favorable offers that may show themselves. Advices now being received from the Coast indicate that there was not very much damage by the recent rains, as most of the prunes were out of the way in time. Oregon prunes are very firm, and there is more demand reported both locally and in the primary markets. Apricots are firm on the basis of quoted prices, with an improved de- mand. Peaches are quiet. Cheese—The market is steady and un- changed. The home demand is good. The export demand continues, but most- ly of under grades, and during the week has been very heavy. Rice—The same active demand is re- ported in the trade, and owing to the light arrivals it is held in some circles that the scarcity may become acute be- fore the embargo on shipments from the South is lifted. The trade is now anx- ious to replenish supplies and finds the stocks limited and assortments poorer. In the South Blue Rose is very strong, and the mills are refusing to take orders ahead until they catch up on advance sales. They are still experiencing dif- ficulty in getting supplies of rough. Provisions—The market is fairly steady, although prices have been shaded slightly to make sales. The consump- tive demand has been fair. The supply has been good and the market is per- haps '%c lower than last week. Pure lard is very firm and shows an advance of 4@%c. Consumptive demand is good and the supply fair. Considerable lard is being sold for export and prices will probably remain high for two or three weeks. Compound lard shows an advance of 34@I1c, due partly to the good consumptive demand and also to the pure lard situation. Barreled pork is firm and unchanged, with a fair ‘de- mand and light receipts. Canned meats are very firm at unchanged prices. Dried beef firm and unchanged. Salt Fish—Shore mackerel is begin- ning to be cleaned up, although they are still catching. Prices are unchanged. Some fine 1915 Norway mackerel -have reached this country, greatly to the surprise of many of the dealers who did not know that there were any over there. They are selling at fair prices under the circumstances. Irish autumn mackerel are also coming, but not in any large quantities, and the price has advanced about $1 a barrel. Codfish is so scarce as to be out of the market for a good many buyers. Hake and haddock are also correspondingly scarce. The price of all three are very much above normal, er William Augst has engaged to trav- el in Western Michigan territory for the Washburn-Crosby Co, MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 Hood Rubbers The Michigan People In Great Demand As a result of the extraordinary demand for Hood Tennis and Rubber Footwear there is a real short- age of these great trade-building rubbers. While we have thousands of cases on the floor now and more arriving daily, we shall without doubt find it impossible to furnish all the Hood Rubbers that will be wanted. We ask you to be willing to work with us. We are as desirous of supplying you as you are of supplying your trade; therefore We recommend that you always state a second choice when ordering No Rubbers are so popular as the Hood No House in Michigan or nearby Territory has so large and complete a stock of Rubber footwear as we have here in Grand Rapids Yet we admit that we are short of goods, and we ask you to work with us. You wants HOODS anyway. We may have a style that will be satisfactory even if not just what you first wanted. YOURS FOR SERVICE The Largest Rubber House in Michigan Grand RapidsShoe @ Rubber(o Grand Rapids ae $— October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 7 This is the Season When the Out Door Man Requires a Shoe That is Built to Stand the Knocks He Will Give It in His Daily Work. Sell Him the pe H. B. Hard Pan Service Shoes It will give him the service he has a right to expect from a high grade service shoe. For a quarter of a century we have been making the H. B. HARD PAN shoe. From the first the object has been to produce a service shoe so good that every out door man would insist upon wearing it. Today—owing to the unusual market conditions—we have to raise the price from time to time. We believe the consumer and the dealer would have us keep the quality up. : WE WILL NOT CHEAPEN THE SHOE TO KEEP THE PRICE DOWN-—rather we ¢} ) will keep the quality up and let the price advance when necessary. You can recommend the H. B. HARD PAN shoe to the out door man because it is the best shoe to stand the knocks. It has built right into it those service giving qualities which a high grade shoe must have. For building up your trade and holding it, you won't find a better value in shoes on the ae : market. OTHER DEALERS ARE MAKING FRIENDS AND PROFIT ON THIS LINE— WHY NOT YOU? THEY WEAR LIKE IRON a HEROLD-BERTSCH SHOE COMPANY Pe Manufacturers of Serviceable Footwear GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN os Our Hunting and Sportman’s ae ons a , Makes Playmate Boots » ee Sh aes , oes | are considered Standard | The Most ‘ Child’s Shoe in Seventeen States. \ The Market? ‘| | It’s the excellent fitting quality of the lasts, which are All Styles ) , especially designed for little growing feet; And the carefully selected stock that gives the service from Featherweight to | required of children’s shoes. f The child is pleased; Full Double Sole. The parent is satisfied; ! The dealer is profited when Playmate Shoes are shown the prospective customer. One quality only,— the Extra Best Sixty different styles for you to select from now in stock. Send for salesman, or samples. We go everywhere for business HIRTH-KRAUSE COMPANY Hide to Shoe : Tanners and Shoe Manufacturers Rindge, Kalmbach, Logie Company Grand Rapids, Michigan . Grand Rapids, Mich. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 By MICHIGANTRADESMAN ase Cee ONG Sak (Unlike any other paper.) DEVOTED TO THE BEST INTERESTS OF BUSINESS MEN. Published Weekly by TRADESMAN COMPANY, Grand Rapids, Mich. Subscription Price During 1916. One dollar per year, if paid strictly advance. Two dollars per year, if not paid in advance. Canadian subscriptions, $2.04 per year, payable invariably in advance. Subscription Price After January 1, 1917. Two dollars per year, if paid strictly in advance. Three dollars per year, if not paid in advance. Canadian subscriptions, $3.04 per year, payable invariably in advance. Sample copies 5 cents each. Extra copies of current issues, 5 cents; issues a month or more old, 10 cents; issues a year or more old, 25 cents; issues five years or more old, $1. Entered at the Grand Rapids Postoffice as Second Class Matter. E, A. STOWE, Editor. October 25, 1916 THIRD OF A CENTURY. This week’s edition of the Michigan Tradesman marks the completion of thirty-three years of successful publi- cation and the triumphal entry upon the thirty-fourth year. The Trades- man believes it is the only trade jour- nal in the world which has been pub- lished so long a time without change ci ownership, editorship or business management. Thirty-three years is a long time to look back on, but they have all been years of pleasure and profit, only occasionally marred by disappoint- ment and sadness. Many of the mercantile, manufacturing, moral and civic changes which have occurred during this long period are graphical- ly set forth in the thirty-three con- tributed articles kindiy prepared by the friends of the Tradesman for pub- lication in this anniversary edition. No more comprehensive treatment was ever accorded an anniversary than this one and the 1radesman feels under great obligations to its con- tributors for the effort they put forth in the preparation aud presentation ef such a remarkable collection of in- teresting information. Unfortunately, some contributions reached us too late ior publication this week. They will appear in next week’s edition, as follows: Judicial Procedure—Hon. C. Denison. Banking—Frank S. Coleman. Wholesale Grocer Bisiness—Wil- liam Judson. Candy—Ben. W. Putnam. Housing Conditions—Lewis T Wilmarth. : Awnings—Charles A. Coye. Many changes have taken place in the trade journal field since the Tradesman was established. The only trade journal publisher now actively evgaged in the business who was prominent in 1883 is Frank N. Bar- rett, who has rounded out forty years as editor of the American Grocer, New York. Mr. Barr ~fe “ se , = ee = So a= = 3 / — - = - i si - _ * t — aoe * = - ~ x f a - = . = x = N N . |. ] 2 = 3 t = F ] A | A = = = ’ _— - . ‘ SS = | f ~ — = — 4 — — Ai ~ 4 oe = = — = ( a iuer ) R) ya ,3 EL ~ A) a tJ | {4 a ff Local Leg = e THE INVESTMENT BUSINESS. Modern Methods Unknown Third of a Century Ago. Written for the Tradesman. To review the changes in the invest- ment business during a third of a cen- tury almost requires the writing of a complete history of the retail distribu- tion of bonds. It is more especially so if we are to deal with activities in the Middle West. Thirty-three years ago we were still in the development stage in this section of the country and, as a result, always in need of new money. Capital for investment was just begin- ning to accumulate and financial transac- tions of any magnitude were confined to the Eastern markets and more spe- cifically in the New England territory. We were still “way out West.” Ina history of one of the oldest bond houses in Chicago, it is stated that their first activities were in buying securities in Illinois and neighboring states to be sold in the East, and their retail distri- bution was practically nil, compared with to-day’s figures. The major portion of investments, both East and West, were confined to such securities as were listed on the New York Stock Exchange and bank- ers and large financial institutions look- ed askance at anything not bearing this stamp of approval. In fact, one in- stance has been cited, which was typ- ical, of a bank which refused to permit the substitution of Pennsylvania State bonds for an equal amount of B. & O. Railroad which were held as collateral to a loan. Another banker of those days is quoted as saying that he would not lend 50 cents on the dollar on the bonds of the city of Chicago. All business being on a comparatively small scale, there was not the necessity for the large distributor of securities that we know to-day. What would be the progress of our country now with- out our J. P. Morgan & Company, the National City Bank, The Harris Trust & Savings Bank and others too numer- ous to mention? At almost a moment’s notice, these gigantic institutions can make available, for either corporations or governments, almost any sum of money from a few hundred thousand up to, as has been the case during the past twelve months, a half a billion dollars. Tt is well to remember that this amount —almost beyond the comprehension of the layman—has come from, not alone the banks, insurance companies, etc., but from the individual who has accu- mulated his $100, $590, $1,000 or more. It would seem that the most remark- able thing in the retail distribution of securities is the confidence which the investor has in the investment banking institutions of our own country. Most investments are made on the character of the house presenting the offering. This is necessarily so, because the man or woman who has managed to accumu- late a few hundred or a few thousand dollars can not afford the expense of a personal investigation of the loan which he is making. This puts a grave moral equally well secured with the larger amounts. His interest is paid every six months and the return is in propor- tion to the safety. Should necessity require that he convert his securities into cash, a market is made available for them, This last item brings up another de- velopment in the investment business. Bonds are sold primarily for investment, to be.held to maturity, but should the holder find himself in need of cash, it is usually the policy of the high grade investment banker to resell the securities and charge the holder only a nominal amount for handling the transaction. This is part of the service which every conservative house extends to its clients and is a big factor in build- ing up that item which cannot be capi- talized on account of its priceless value —confidence. Claude H. Corrigan. responsibility on the investment banker. In recognition of this responsibility, we find the successful institution either with a staff of attorneys and engineers of its own or employing the best that the country affords to pass on all fea- tures of the loans before they are offered to the investor. It is only as a result of to-day’s so-called “Big Business” that these expenses (safeguards) can be pro- vided for. It has only been within the last few years that bonds were issued in any smaller denominations than $1,000—fre- quently they were larger. To-day the importance of the $100 denomination is recognized and we see most of the loans carrying an ever increasing number of the so-called “baby bonds.” This gives to the man of limited means the oppor- tunity to purchase exactly the same se- curity that his banker or his insurance company is buying. His principal is Michigan, and especially Grand Rar- ids, differs very little from other coni:- munities in the Middle West. A third of a century ago shows us with a popu- lation of about 32,000. Business was on a much smaller scale than now and the borrowing and lending of money was almost entirely a banking transac- tion or between individuals. The amounts involved were small and the property taken as security was princi- pally local. Very little capital sought investment outside. Prior to the organ- ization of our trust companies, such bonds as were purchased were sold by bank cashiers, insurance brokers or the securities were bought in the Eastern markets. The trust companies were the pioneers in the distribution of bonds locally on any large scale. Following this, Grand Rapids went through the same period that has almost any com- munity—that of the promoter. We were very fortunate in having our activities confined principally to pub- lic utilities. Even before the ad- vent of the investment house, Grand Rapids was the purchaser of large amounts of public utility securities on either re-organized companies or com- binations of several companies into what we know to-day as our holding com- panies. The first exclusive stock and bond houses were primarily interested in selling the securities of companies in which they were directly interested. Other issues were only an incident in their business. Charles F. Hilliker, of the present firm of Kusterer, Hilliker & Perkins, was the first to open an exclusive secur- ity house in Grand Rapids. There were others handling stocks and bonds before this, but, as previously stated, they were interested principally in their own pro- motions. Mr. Hilliker entered into partnership in 1906 with Aldrich Blake under the style of Blake & Hilliker to deal in stocks and bonds. In view of Mr. Hilliker’s subsequent success, it might be appropriate to repeat a story which he tells on himself. After fur- nishing his office, his check stubs show- ed a balance in the bank of $27.12 with which to do business. Another of the early security salesmen who is still en- gaged in the business is A. E. Kusterer, one of Mr. Hilliker’s associates. Mr. Kusterer represented C. H. Geist & Co. and others in the distribution of their own securities, finally entering the local field for himself under the style of A. E. Kusterer & Co. Later came C. H. Corrigan & Co., with only desk room and one clerk, whose services were shared with the other occupant of the office. From this small beginning has grown the present firm of Howe, Snow, Corrigan & Bertles, with a capital of $200,000 and whose gross yearly sales of bonds and stock now aggregate $20,000,- 000. They are the largest bond house in Western Michigan and it is doubtful if the volume of their strictly invest- ment business is exceeded by any ex- clusive investment house in Michigan. The new offices of this firm will occupy practically the entire fourth floor of the new Grand Rapids’ Savings Bank build- ing and will be among the finest in Michigan—quite a contrast to the early beginning. Claude H. Corrigan. —_—_+~-+—___ It makes a man feel cheap to be caught looking at his own photo- graph. LOGAN & BRYAN STOCKS, BONDS and GRAIN Grand Rapids, Office 305 GODFREY BUILDING Citizens 5235 Bell Main 235 Members New York Stock Exchange Boston Stock Exchange Chicago Stock Exchange New York Cotton Exchange New York Coffee Exchange New York Produce Exchange New Orleans Cotton Exchange Chicago Board of Trade Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce Winnipeg Grain Exchange Kansas City Board of Trade Private wires coast to coast Correspondence solicited C-i> October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 11 GRAND RAPIDS NATIONAL CITY BANK CITY TRUST & SAVINGS BANK Your Willis Your Own eae Your will is a document which is at all||times subject to your control. You may change it--add to it—or even de- stroy, as you may choose. A WILL which names the Grand Rapids Trust Co. as Executor, and is filed in our vaults, is readily accessible and is always subject to the order of its maker. Consult your lawyer. at once. Have your will drawn Name this company as executor. Ask for booklet on “Descent and Distribution of Property’ and blank form of will. CAMPAU’ SQUARE The convenient banks for out of town people. Located at the very center of the city. Handy to the street cars—the interurbans—the hotels—the shopping district. On account of our location—our large transit facilities—our safe deposit vaults and our complete service covering the entire field of banking, our institutions must be the ultimate choice of out of town bankers and individuals. [RAND RAPIDS TRUST [\OMPANY Combined Capital and Surplus.................. 0.000. $ 1,778,700.00 Combined Total Deposits..............0..c0e00 eee eeee 8,577 800.00 MANAGED BY MEN WHO KNOW Combined Total Resources .............ceeees cece cess 11,503,300.00 OTTAWA AT FOUNTAIN. BOTH PHONES 4391 GRAND RAPIDS NATIONAL CITY BANK CITY TRUST & SAVINGS BANK ASSOCIATED BANK STABILITY Strong, patient and prudent men guide the strength of the Kent State Bank. A well seasoned management and skilled employees reason out the plan upon which this bank operates. Cautious capitalists, discreet business men and careful investors are putting their banking affairs into our safekeeping. Inexperienced women and persons of small means entrust their only rseources to our conservative judgment. __ The solid bulwark of able men, associated as depositors and in the management of this bank, makes it an ideal treasury for commercial accounts and investments. Prudent people are daily learning the advantages of doing business with this bank. KENT STATE BANK Main Office: Ottawa Ave., Facing Monroe 215 Monroe Ave. Monroe Ave. Office: BRANCHES FOR THE CONVENIENCE OF PATRONS: Bridge St. Branch, Cor. Bridge and Scribner Leonard St. Branch, Cor. Leonard and Broadway East End Branch, Cor. Wealthy and Charles Plainfield Ave. Branch, Cor. Plainfield and Coit Ninth Ward Branch: 752 West Fulton St. The development of the Kent State Bank has been marked by a strict adherence to methods of conserv- atism yet progression. That it has builded well is evidenced by the strength of its position in the banking ! world and its far reaching influence in the commercial life of this city and state. With its unexcelled facili- ties, it invites the accounts of banks, corporations and individuals, extending to each every courtesy and consideration. Resources Nine Million Dollars THE LARGEST STATE AND SAVINGS BANK IN WESTERN MICHIGAN 12 TELEPHONE BUSINESS. Marvelous Development of a Third of a Century. Written for the Tradesman. The story of the growth, develop- ment and use of the telephone during the past third of a century is one of great interest. It is the story of a gouging monopoly with all of its arro- gance, greed, selfishness, exorbitant rates, poor service, and “public be dammed” policies. It is the story of competition with cut rates, free serv- ice, tremendous development and im- proved and almost unlimited service. It is the story of regulation, where the people to protect themselves, the investors and the service, have en- acted laws providing for the appoint- ment of commissions which have authority to regulate the telephone companies and to act as an umpire between the telephone companies on the one hand and the telephone user on the other hand. It is the story of the filing of a patent on February 14, 1876, when there was no Bell telephone in exist- ence that would talk and its develop- ment and improvement by many men until now the official report of the United States Census ranks the tele- phone as the fourth great industry of this country. A third of a century ago there was considerably less than 100,000 tele- phones in existence; to-day there are estimated to be more than 11,500,000 in the United States alone—more than 70 per cent. of the telephone develop- ment of the world. By decision of the United States Supreme Court in October of 1887, the Bell Company were left with a strangle hold on the telephone busi- ness and in 1894, when the last essen- tial Bell patent expired, they had placed in operation a total of only 291,253 telephones. That is, under a complete monopoly of the business, the company had put out in eighteen years less than 300,000 telephones. Paul Latzke, in his book, “A Fight with an Octopus,” gives us the fol- lowing vivid word picture of the meth- ods used by this monopoly in an ef- fort to destroy competition: “Telephone plant after telephone plant was ripped out and the ap- paratus was piled up in the most con- spicuous place that could be found and burned as an object lesson. In St. Louis and the surrounding coun- try, the Pan-Electric Company and other concerns had a number of ac- tive exchanges in operation. The equipment of these exchanges was piled upon the levee as high as a house, and then the torch was applied. So it was in Pittsburg and other cities.” It is notoriously true that the serv- ice furnished by the Bell Company up to this time, 1894, was extremely poor. The unlucky subscriber whose telephone was out of commission failed to get any attention or satis- faction oftentimes for weeks after he had made a complaint. {n 1894 when the last of the Bell essential or primal patents expired, independent telephone companies be- MICHIGAN TRADESMAN gan organizing all over the United States, each under some local name, such as “Citizens” or “Home” or “Union.” Rates were reduced; the public were educated to the use, con- venience and necessity of the tele- phone. Local capital was furnished with which to build local telephone plants. Grand Rapids had the first independent telephone exchange in the United States to have more than 500 subscribers. Independent telephone manufactur- ing plants were necessarily organized to build switchboards and telephones and supplies because the Bell manu- facturing plant—the Western Electric Company—refused to sell to the in- dependents. These independent man- ufacturing plants employed the best engineers they could get, with the re- lighting a lamp in front of the oper- ator. 5. Instantaneous disconnect sys- tem, which made it possible for a sub- scriber to automatically get discon- nected by hanging up his receiver. Many other improvements as to de- signs and durability were discovered and exploited, such as the adoption of Bakelite in the manufacture of telephone parts, Bakelite being an al- most indestructible substance. During the last twenty-two years of competition, the independent manu- facturers have been the pioneers in practically all of the more important improvements and these improve- ments have been an important factor in enabling the independent com- panies to maintain low rates. It is remarkable that while other com- Frank V. Newman. sult that important improvements in switchboards and telephones were perfected with a rapidity that had never before been dreamed of. Among the more important of these was: 1. The automatic telephone, such as is in use in Grand Rapids, Muske- gon, Holland, Lansing, Battle Creek and scores of cities throughout the United States. 9. Automatic ringing, where just as soon as the operator established the connection, the called party’s telephone would automatically ring. 3. Harmonic ringing, whereby on a line with several subscribers any one of them could be rung without ringing the bells of any of the others. 4. Flash recall system, which made it possible for a subscriber who had a connection established to attract the operator’s attention by moving the switch or receiver hook, thereby modities have in many instances dou- bled and trebled in cost, telephone rates have remained practically the same. It costs the telephone com- pany to-day twice as much for labor, material and taxes, as it did a few years ago and in some cases COn- siderably more than double. During these twenty-two years a great development has taken place. The telephone has become a business and household necessity; no longer is it a mere “plaything” or even a lux- ury. It has become indispensable in our modern life. To-day there are estimated to be about 400,000 tele- phones in Michigan, more than 300 per cent, more than there was in all of the United States a third of a century ago! And in 1896, twenty years ago, when competition began, there were only 13,163 telephones in all Michigan; to-day there are about October 25, 1916 thirty times as many. At that time there were 1,471 telephones in the city of Grand Rapids, said to be the largest development per capita of any city in the United States; now there are approximately 22,000, of which more than 15,300 are independent telephones. Then the rates were from $50 to $115 for business telephones and from $40 to $65 for residence telephones. To-day you can get 1,500 per cent. more service for much less money. The recent publication in the off- cial organ of the Grand Rapids Chamber of Commerce, which very fully indicated that the business inter- ests and residences of Grand Rapids are getting more favorable rates than any other city of like population in the United States, attracted much at- tention at the time and should not be lost sight of in any discussion of the great development of telephone serv- ice in this city, Western Michigan and indeed, the entire State. At this point it is not unfair to add that statistics of telephone business, more especially of the independent business, as to the long distance calls to and from Grand Rapids as a trade center, have become a very important factor in the busi- ness service of the city and of the entire State, of which it is so impor- tant a factor. Statistics of the Long Distance Clearing House and of the local independent exchange indicate that considerably in excess of two million long distance conversations in and out of Grand Rapids occur an- nually on the independent lines and the increase in business in that di- rection is very steady and large. In three states, Michigan, Ohio and Indiana, there are now approximately 1,485,756 telephones, or nearly fifteen times as many as there were in the United States thirty-three years ago. Of the 19,093 cities and towns in the United States which have tele- phone exchanges the independent companies operate exclusively in 12,- 764; the Bell companies operate ex- clusively in 4,456 and there are two companies competing in 1,864. To- day practically every community has telephone service. That this is true is undoubtedly very largely ‘he effect of competition; that thought should not be lost sight of and if it seemed to be repetitious, its importance justifies it. Where competition has been most general and aggressive, as statistics of the Interstate Commerce Commission show in the last report, the develop- ment of telephone service is notably gieater. For example: The report for 1912, Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, shows that in the East North-Central states, Ohio, In- diana, Illinois, Michigan and Wiscon- sin, with a total population of 18,- 700,000, there were 2,373,257 tele- phones in service in 1912, whereas in the Middle Atlantic states, the great populous, wealthy states of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey with 20,179,000 population, there were less than 1,800,000 telephones, the develop- ment per capita being 88 per thou- sand, while in the portion of the coun- try of which Michigan is a part, the he « Fy ye « > —s October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 13 Fourth National Bank United States Depositary Savings Deposits Commercial Deposits 3 Per Cent Interest Paid on Savings Deposits Compounded Semi-Annually I 3% Per Cent Interest Paid on Certificates of Deposit Left One Year Capital Stock and Surplus $580,000 WM. H. ANDERSON, President JOHN W. BLODGETT, Vice President L. Z. CAUKIN, Cashier J. C. BISHOP, Assistant Cashier Commercial Savings Bank MAIN OFFICE Corner Monroe Avenue and Lyon Street. BRANCH OFFICES Division Avenue, 835 S. W. Bridge Street, 328 N. W. Eastern Avenue, 515 S. E. GRAND RAPIDS t*: MICHIGAN T is apparent to any one reading the probate records that the tendency to use trust company service in administering estates, trusteeing of funds, managing of property, etc., is steadily increasing, not only among people of large wealth, but among those of moderate means. Twenty- six years of experience has equipped us to give the best of service; let us serve you. Send for blank form of Will and Booklet on Descent and Distribution of Property THE MICHIGAN TRUST Go. OF GRAND RAPIDS Safe Deposit Boxes to rent at low cost producing it. A New Proposition Worth Investigating The Wonderful Clark-Anderson Motor and the Company If this proposition is all we claim for it---or one-half what we know it is---it is destined to be a world-beater. Are you too indifferent to its possibilities to invest 2c and 2 minutes in an investigation? Write us for full information regarding the whole matter. DEUEL & SAWALL, Financial Agents 405-6-7 Murray Bldg. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 14 development per capita was 127 per thousand. Is it worth while that such conditions have been obtained and that so important an instrumentality of business is so in use among ourselves and our neighbors? Thirty-three years ago there were but comparatively few people who ever used a telephone—none who en- joyed the telephone as we do to-day. Now there are only two states which use a telephone more than the people of Michigan—California and Ohio. The census report of 1912 shows that every man, woman and child of the entire population of Michigan talked over the telephone 240 times or a total of 694,363,250 talks. The aver- age throughout the United States was 65 messages per Capita. To-day all of the states of the Union except five have commissions with jurisdiction over telephone com- panies. The Interstate Commerce Commission also has jurisdiction over telephone companies. This is an age of governmental regulation. This has been beneficial as affecting the securi- ties of the telephone companies. Thirty-three years ago a man who put his into the telephone business was not considered conserva- tive by any manner of means. To- day public utilities such as the telephone are considered the best. This question recently appeared in tre "Or the three general divisions, railroad, in- dustrial, public utility, which stocks would you suggest as the best investments at the present time?” And this was the answer: “For strictly investment purposes, public utility. We say this on the strength of the records which show the rather remarkable stability of the earning power, through good times and bad, of established utility enter- prises, as a class, as compared with the rather wide fluctuation of the earning power under similar condi- tions, of both railroad and industrial corporations. As for the utility cor- porations, some of the things which they produce, such as light, heat and telephone service, have come to oc- cupy such peculiar positions among the necessities, that demand for them seems to be affected little if any, by conditions like these. It is a matter of statistical record, for example, that depression affects the telephone in- dustry as a whole merely to the ex- tent of retarding normal growth. Practically the same thing may be said of the gas industry. The trac- tions are, however, more susceptible; and companies whose business com- prises to any appreciable extent the furnishing of power are, perhaps, the most susceptible. But given a com- generally money investments in Review of Reviews: and MICHIGAN TRADESMAN pany, or consolidation of utility com- panies of diversified business, and serving a community or communities of diversified population—that is, not dependent upon one industry or divi- sion of industry—and earning power, which is the basis of investment merit in stock is found to hold up remark- ably well.” Thirty-three years ago trade fol- lowed the flag, but to-day trade fol- lows not the flag, but the wire. Thirty-three years ago communi- cations were sent by carrier and post; chiefly, to-day, by telephone. It can, perhaps, be best described in the words of Professor Eliot of Harvard University, as follows: Messenger of sympathy and love Servant of parted friends Consoler of the lonely Bond of the scattered family Enlarger of the common life. Carrier of news and knowledge Instrument of trade and industry Promoter of mutual acquaintance, of peace And good will among men and nations. Frank V. Newman, Sec’y Michigan Independent Telephone and Traffic Ass'n. __ - >> ___ Business Specialization. Men who have before known all the facts of an entire business now know only a few facts concerning a small part of the whole. Operating men now know little about costs. Purchases are known only to purchasing agents. Costs, in fact, are now largely made up of overhead and indirect expense, of depreciation and maintenance Even in the cost department no man knows more than the cost of a por- tion of the operation. The final as- sembling of costs is made only by a confidential man who is close to the final executive, Salesien know noth- ing of costs or of celling policies. They know only that they can or cannot sell at the prices which are given them. Of trade agreements, “sentlemen’s agreements,” price poli- cies fixed by after-dinner or luncheon conferences, or even by bankers who control innumerable businesses—of these even sales managers and execu- tive officers know nothing. Because of the railroad, the teiegraph and the telephone, one man in New York City may control a hundred thousand men who know no more of what is passing in his mind than the field officers of an army in battle know of the plans and purposes of the general in his headquarters.—World’s Work. Seek Truth. Where the seeking of truth begins, always the life commences, too; so soon as the seeking of truth is aban- doned, life ceases—John Ruskin. ——__—>_s_a———— And many a man’s so called digni- fied silence is due to the lamentable fact that he doesn’t know what to say. a Veit Manufacturing Co. Manufacturer of Bank, Library, Office and Public Building Furniture Cabinet Work, High Grade Trim, Store Furniture Bronze Work, Marble & Tile Grand Rapids, Michigan el THE ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY. Thirty-Three Years Covers Life of the Business. Written for the Tradesman. Looking back a third of a century over the electrical industry is really covering the entire life of the busi- ness. Thirty-three years ago there was no electrical suppiy business be- cause there were no electrical sup- plies to sell, for the very first com- mercial light and power station was only established in 1822 in New York City. But the spectacular develop- ment of the electrical industry is something which concerns us all so in- timately that every man has been im- pressed with its marvelous rapidity and progress. The business of selling electrical supplies, of course, has followed this development through all its stages and grown from a very small begin- ning to an industry of tremendous volume and importance. Before the coming of the first light and power station, about the only popular utiliz- ation of electric current was from the use of batteries for the ringing of bells and the operation of annun- ciator systems. Both the batteries, bells, push bottons, bell w’re and oth- er materials then in use were mainly sold by the so-called electricians who operated in every large community as sort of “handy men” or often in con- junction with a plumbing or a Car- pentry business. The coming of elec- tric light, however, was naturally a matter of tremendous popular inter- est, for the idea appealed to every one, Cities Service Com. and Pfd. Citizens Telephone. Consumers Power Pfd. United Lt. & Ry. Com. and Pfd. Write Us, Call Upon or Call Us Up for Full Information Allen G. Thurman & Co. 139 MICHIGAN TRUST BUILDING October 25, 1916 and every family talked of having electric light. And immediately there began the invention and development of all the varied apparatus necessary for the installation of electric lighting systems. Electrical engineers began to tinker with new kinds of switches, sockets and insulation devices, and as they worked came constant changes ‘n the conditions under which electric current was supplied for lighting serv- ice which required other changes in design and treatment of the vari- ous fittings and accessories. It was the period of the inventor more than of the supply man. But as more and more light and power stations were established in cities large and smail throughout the land, the demand for electric light in- creased by leaps and bounds and the Kent State Bank Main Office Fountain St. Facing Monroe Grand Rapids, Mich. Capital - - - - $500,000 Surplus and Profits - $500,000 Resources 9 Million Dollars 3 hs Per Cent. Paid on Certificates the Largest State and Savings Bank in Western Michigan We Have an Active Market Am. Lt. & Trac. Com. and Pfd. | Am. Pub. Utilities Com. and Pfd. Continental Motors. Reo Motor Car & Truck Holland-St. Louis Sugar Michigan Sugar Paige-Detroit Pacific Gas & Electric a CLA. MICHIGAN TRUST BLDG 6% First Mortgage Bonds Descriptive Circular Furnished Upon Request INVESTMENT BANKERS (> nn 5s e my fh v< > ‘ ¢ rye @) ia 4: » 4 A 24 , ‘oy, 4s 4 ( » Oo ¢ > th, \ ’ > . ? October 25, 1916 electric companies were busily en- gaged in wiring houses and installing lighting equipment. There was an opportunity also for a bona fide elec- trical contractor who could specialize in this work, and with it naturally came au ever increasing demand for electrical goods. At first however, the sale of electrical supplies were handled almost entirely through the manufacturer to the light and power company, but as in the development of any trade, the function of the job- ber and the dealer in eiectrical sup- plies soon found its opportunity and there developed this new branch of the industry which has ever since en- joyed a steady growth and provided a gradually extending service. In many fields the jobber and supply dealer is gradualty being ,eliminated but in the electrical industry, the great MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 15 years. The selling of electric heat- ing and power devices to the home, store, shop and factory has required more extensive measures for publicity in sale. The growth of the local con- tractor and dealer as a merchant in his town, has brought a need for ac- tive sales co-operation between the jobber and his dealer customer. The improved facilities for communica- tion and shipment have also refined the service which the jobber is able to provide with a result that his small order business has greatly increased until to-day he practically is keeping the dealer’s stock room for him and furnishing equipment in small quanti- ties as needed. It is a service of infi- nite value to the local men. What the future has in store for the electrical supply man is hard to say except that the merchandising feature C. J. Litscher. variety of stock required for use un- der wide range of conditions met in installation work, makes necesbary a tremendous stock of material of endless variety accessible to the local contractor or dealer. The jobber and supply dealer therefore, is an essen- tial link in the chain between the con- tractor and the ultimate consumer, making it possible for the man who does the work to properly equip him- self for any job without the necessity of purchasing continually from in- numerable manufacturers. And nowa- days, with the growing number of appliances that are being introduced for electric circuits, we have added also what amounts to a line of popu- lar merchandise which comes within the scope of the supply man’s line. Conditions in the business have changed exceedingly in the last ten of his business is bound to grow year after year as labor saving and home- comfort appliances increase in num- ber and diversity. The popularity of electric service in the home and in the place of business is spreading with surprising speed so that it is hard to realize that so short a time ago elec- tric service was a thing unknown. And yet, no man can say that this great industry has even now progress- ed beyond its very childhood. Chris, J. Litscher. ——_2->_____ One always gets full measure when One acquires a peck of trouble. ND " Ask about our way BARLOW BROS. Grand Rapids, Mich. THE NEW HOME OF SUNBEAM GOODS BROWN & SEHLER CO. Cor. So. Ionia Ave. and Cherry Street Grand Rapids, Mich. Diagonally Across from Union Depot ‘Kicking around’’ won’t harm them O you run a store? Do you operate a factory? Then OT-STEEL stools will interest you. They out-wear wood—are built to order in any desired height—and, in store or factory, provide all-around ideal seating facili- If a dealer—you’ll be interested in the real opportunities these san- House-wives like them for kitchen service. Will you write for our low net In the event that you ties. itary steel stools open. Dad needs One in his shop or garage. prices, which allow a fine profit to dealers? are a manufacturer—we’'ll sell you direct for your own needs. Hun- dreds of large and small companies buy direct from our factory. One company recently placed a single order for over 1,000. We will gladly refer you to users. Write for Bulletin 2M. How to sell more goods Display small articles on this spacious Rack. See how much room there is. See how little floor space it covers. See the tilt of the trays that allows for ready selec- tion. The trays are removable and interchangeable. Just as good for tools, groceries, etc., as for dry goods. One will soon pay for itself. They silently sell goods while you are busy at something else. May we ship you one on 30 days trial? The price—complete—is $20 net, f. o. b. Otsego. Angle Steel Stool Co. C. E. PIPP, Pres. A Michigan Corporation Otsego, Mich. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 THE LIME INDUSTRY. Many Changes in Past Third of a Century. Written for the Tradesman. Your invitation ticle on the change I ast third of a cen- it the cement busine an allied in- dustry,) reverts my mind backward. One is inclined to be absorbed in the present, to be planning for and look- ing forward to the future, thus put- ting the past behind him and partially forgetting the struggles and efforis which one has madeto develop a busi- It is interestinz, however, to sit down and review the past, taking inventory of what has been accomp- lished in the industrial world in our community, to see what strides have been made in the short space of a third of a century. With your permission I will go back still farther, inasmuch as the firm with which the writer is connect- ed is probably the oldest firm in the city continuously in one line of busi- ness except the firm of Foster, Stevens & Co. On account of the lime stone deposits in this valley, mostly above the dam in Grand River, Grand Rap- ids has been a lime producer for the early and middle growth of the Grand River valley and for the early growth of this part of Western Michigan. Before the advent cf railroads lime was hauled by wagons for long dis- tances into the surrounding country. After the entrance of the old Detroit & Milwaukee Railroad, now the Grand Trunk, lime was shipped both East and West to the towrs along the road and from there distributed to the sur- rounding country, These lime kilns were located along the banks of the river, first on the West side of the river near the Grand Rapids Veneer Works, where William Morman, the father of the writer, operated a kiln between 1850 and 1860. There were old lime kilns on the bank of the river North of Leonard street, oper- ated by George and Warren Cong- don. The first perpetual burner was built by Horatio Brooks before the Civil War on the bank of the river at the foot of Mason street, opposite the Oriel Cabinet Co., now absorbed by the Berkey & Gay Co. This kiln was afterward purchased by William Morman, above referred to. At one time during this early period, L. C. Davidson, an early contractor, father of our present buildinz inspector, was interested for a short time. After- wards John Hill was interested and the firm of Morman & Hill conducted the business. During these years che country was growing, the railroad had arrived and lime was being distributed in larger quantities. The business was more of an industry. The lime stone was mostly quarried from the bed of the river during low water stage in the summer when men pried up the rock with bars and teams were driven into the river to haul the stone to the banks. Here it was piled up and stored for the coming year’s burning. The lime kilns on the East bank of the river were land marke for several decades, The last kiin went out of ness. existence previous to 1890. Before this date S. A. Morman purchased the lime business of William Morman & Son and has conducted the business to this date. The Grand Rapids lime was a hot. strong lime and not so well adapted for plastering as a cool lime. The demand of the masons brought about the importation of the Sheboygan lime from Wisconsin. This was brought over by schooner loads to Grand Haven, re-shipped by Grand River boats to Grand Rapids and then distributed to the trade. The empty barrels were gathered, repaired, re- shipped down the river and taken back to Sheboygan by the schooner, where they were refilled and slipped back. This would be a rather crude method for the present day. With the entrance of the Lake Shore and the Grand Rapids & Indiana Rail- In recent years a new process of treating lime has been introduced which the lime is hydrated, that is. reduced to powder form and still re- tain its strength. Nearly all com- panies of any size have their hydrat- ing plants. Hydrate lime is coming into more general use. It is more easily handled and stored, inasmuch as the dealer has no fear of its slack- ing and losing its strength. Forty years ago lime was used al- most exclusively for laying stone foundations, laying brick and plaster- ing buildings, To-day it is not used for much of any work about the building except for laying brick and the finish coat for plastering. Cement has su- perseded lime for nearly all foundation work and is also takinz the place of brick in the form of concrete build- ings. The magnitude of the building industry is such, however, that the a J S. A. Morman. roads, this market was opened to the lime companies of Ohio and Indiana. These states possessed larger quar- ries, and more modern kilns and were able to make lime more cheaply than the Grand Rapids kilns. The easy work- ing qualities of the Ohio lime, to- gether with cheapness, crowded out the Grand Rapids lime, hence its manufacture was abandoned. Many of the old churches, stone houses and old brick buildings were built with Grand Rapids lime and are evidences of its strength and durability as a binding material. With the organization of the lime companies in Petoskey and nearby country, a new lime entered the mar- ket. This lime has a higher percent- age of carbonate of lime, with enough magnesia to make it work easily under the trowel, consequently it in turn crowded out the Ohio lime and holds the market at the present day. production of lime has not been re- duced, even though it is used almost entirely for brick work. The common hydraulic cement, such as Louisville cement, Milwaukee cement and Akron cement superseded lime for foundation work, laying brick under ground, etc. Its manufacture tweniy years ago was one of the leading industries in the building world. It was obliged to give way to Portland cement, and the man. ufacturing of the common hydraulic cement has been practically abandon- ed. The plants have been dismantled. Portland cement is now the king. The consumption is enormous. Dur- ing the year 1915 over ninety million barrels were sold and consumed. The year 1916 will see a still larger pro- duction. Millions of capital are en- gaged in its manufacture. It is one of the largest industries of the coun- try. Concrete roadways, concrete buildings and numerous other uses will soon bring us to the Concrete Age. Grand Rapids has the usual number of dealers in lime, cement and building material, commensurat?2 with’a city of its size. There is not much opportunity for the dealer to become a jobber of car lots in this class of building material, as the manufacturers generally act as their own distributors. I heartily congratulate you and the Michigan Tradesman upon rounding out the third of a century in such a successful way. S. A. Morman. oo Motto for a lawyer: “I will.” Mot- to for a fruit preserver: “I can.” OFFICERS WILLIAM ALDEN SMITH . . . Presiden CHAS. W. GARFIELD, Chairman of the Board FRANK S. COLEMAN, Vice-Pres. and Cashier ADOLPH H. BRANDT . Vice-President DANA B. SHEDD . Ass’t to President ARTHUR M. GODWIN ae, . . ... Assistant Cashier and Auditor EARL C. JOHNSON . Assistant Cashier EDWIN B. SUTTON. . Assistant Cashier = DIRECTORS N. FRED AVERY, Chairman Board Worden Grocer Co. ROGER W. BUTTERFIELD, Pres. Grand Rapids Chair Co. JOS. H. BREWER . . Pres. Kelsey, Brewer & Co. ADOLPH H. BRANDT . Vice-President FRANK S. COLEMAN . Vice-President and Cashier LOUIS A. CORNELIUS » Pres. Wolverine Brass Co, WM. E. ELLIOTT . Pres. Elliott Machine Co. CHARLES W. GARFIELD Chairman of the Board WILLIAM H. GILBERT, Sec’y American Paper Box Co. FRANK JEWELL President Clark Iron Co. HENRY B. HERPOLSHEIMER Herpolsheimer Co. CHAS. J. KINDEL Treasurer Kindel Bed Co. HEBER A. KNOTT. Treasurer Corl-Knott & Co. FRANK E. LEONARD . H. Leonard & Sons JOHN B. MARTIN . Capitalist WILLIAM ALDEN SMITH . ‘ . President A. H. VANDENBERG Treas. and Mgr. G. R. Herald GEO. G. WHITWORTH, Treas. Berkey & Gay Furn. Co. co ONE OF THE LARGE BANKS Gino Ririps GavincspANK, THE BANK WHERE YOU FEEL AT HOME 5 BRANCH BANKS CLARK Carriage, Wagon, Sleigh and utomobile A HEATERS $1.50 to $4.50 For Sale by SHERWOOD HALL CO., LTD. Grand Rapids, Mich, <> e e » qJer? é a ¢ >» a De <-F> > » 7 at q s 4 i qs & » (r T ’ a) ‘ ’ > S i ) + 4) \ « ¢ WE MANUFACTURE Freight and Passenger Elevators, Lumber Lifts, Special Machinery, Boilers, Smoke Stacks Fire Escapes, Patterns, Grey Iron Castings, Steam Forgings and Steam and Hot Water Heating Systems We Carry a Complete Line of Pipe Fittings, Mill and Factory Supplies GENERAL REPAIR WORK A SPECIALTY ADOLPH LEITELT IRON WORKS sa8 211-213 Erie St, Cor. Mill Ave. 9T6T ‘GZ 19qQ03200 NVWNSUAVAL NVOIHOIN 18 INTERURBAN RAILWAYS. They Were Unknown Thirty-Three Years Ago. Written for the Tradesman. I gladly comply with your request to furnish an article on interurbans in commemoration of your thirty-three years as owner and editor of the Michigan Tradesman. Thirty-three years, a third of a cen- tury, why, that’s the average life of man; and no change of ownership, editorship or management in the Tradesman during that length of time! It is'a record that any man with red blood in his veins should be proud of and we all must admit that the editor of the Tradesman has an abundance of the red corpuscles. When this periodical was born an interurban railway was not dreamed of, to say nothing of electrically equipped street railways. It is true that we had in Grand Rapids and in other cities of the Nation what was then known as “dummy lines,” connecting or pre- tending to connect the cities with adjacent resorts. We had one of these wonderful institutions in Grand Rap- ids. You started from the city limits early in the morning and if you had decent weather and a track which was not slippery, sufficient cordwood and a sober engineer, you usually arrived at Reed’s Lake, a resort some three miles from the city, in time for lunch, provided you were not ditched before you reached the happy fishing ground. This condition continued for many years under the able management of the late Jeremiah Boynton, a pioneer in street railway transportation, and who deserved a better reward he received for his strenuous But every dog has his day, and so did Jerry Boynton and dummy lines generally. The dummy succeed- ed the mule as a propelling power and continued to do so up to less than a quarter of a century ago. Then came that wonderful genius, Edison, and other distinguished elec- tricians who ventured the bold state- ment that street railways operated by the unseen power, which the Chinaman described as he saw the cars propelled, “No pushee, no pullee, but go like hellee. just the same.” one than labors. could be Old railway men, engineers and op- erators tapped their heads and pornt- ed at the would-be inventors dubi- ously, but sorrowfully. Poor fellows —they were good men—gone wrong. Finally, a line here and there was started. One was started here about twenty-five years ago. The grade on East Bridge street hill is 9 per cent. It was said by most of the practical men of experience that no electric car could ascend that grade even un- loaded; but it came to pass that they were mistaken and that the ascent could be made as speedily as the descent, and it was found that it was only a matter of equipment—and “Suice” (the unknown power that no mortal eye has seen). From the electric street railway came the need of the useful linking interurban, connecting cities and towns far distant apart and giving MICHIGAN TRADESMAN frequent service of from one to two hours each way during the riding day. Again the wise men shook their heads and whispered, ‘‘crazy.” No one would be foolish enough to invest money in such an _ enterprise, with its right of way, bridges, rolling stock and expensive power house, costing all together forty to fifty thousand dollars per mile. But lo and behold! the money was forth- coming for the new and undeveloped interurban railway project and the need of the hour was met, the roads were built, put in operation, and, after the usual lean years which come to all pioneer enterprises. they came to a substantial dividend paying basis. The men who had the fore- sight and the nerve to build the prop- urban railway. About the same time the Holland Interurban was organ- ized and it was built connecting Grand Rapids with the beautiful city of Holland and the intervening towns, as well as connecting with the sub- stantial resorts of Macatawa Park, Ottawa Beach and Jenison Park. Then came last, but not least, the splendid interurban connecting Grand Rapids, the second city in the State, with her rapidly growing neighbors, Kalamazoo and Battle Creek, and giving as good serivce as can be giv- en ‘on any line. All of this was accomplished without the noise of the engine and with no smoke, no dust. no cinders. giving patrons a most de- lightful and enjoyable ride. Less than a quarter of a century Thomas F. Carroll erties won against all the supposed odds. The writer conceived the idea of an interurban for Grand Rapids some fifteen years ago and organized a company which built the Grand Rap- ids, Grand Haven and Muskegon railway, connecting Grand Rapids with two of the finest seaports on the Great Lakes—Grand Haven and Mus- kegon—and making direct connection with the Chicago and Milwaukee steamships. This service varies from one to two hours between terminals from 6 a. m. to 12 midnight; and dur- ing the summer months it transports the people from Grand Rapids and the surrounding country to the de- lightful resorts of Grand Haven, Highland Park, Spring Lake, Fruit- port, Lake Harbor and Michigan Park, a proposition which was utterly impossible fifteen years ago and which could only be made feasible by inter- ago there was not an electric interur- ban on the earth. Now America leads the world in her many networks of splendid electric roads, with road- beds equal to the best steam lines, and supplied with fine rolling stock, day and parlor cars, as well as freight cars, giving speedy time of from twenty to sixty miles per hour, with many of the longer lines having sleeper and dining car service and making it possible to travel entirely by electric railway from Chicago to New York City, visiting all the large intermediate cities at your leisure. The Pacific Electric system is one of the largest in America, radiating in every direction out of the wonder city of Los Angeles, and carrying, not hundreds but thousands of people daily, to the surrounding resorts, towns and ranches. All the principal cities of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and New York, and October 25, 1916 many other states, have now splendid electric systems, running in all direc- tions from their respective centers, thus bringing hourly, the population of the smaller cities, towns and rural districts over a distance of 100 miles or more, to the very door of the metropolitan cities of the various states. In the world at large the convey- ances are many. London has _ her busses; Paris, her cabs; Dublin her jaunting cars; Egypt her dahabees; Constantinople, the low wheeled wagon and the man with the saddle on his back; Funchal, of the Maderia Isles, her ox sleds; India, her ele- phant; the deserts of Africa, its cam- els; New York, her tubes and her great monstrosity, the elevated; Ven- ice her gondolas; Petrograd, her sledges; Detroit, her autos; Chicago, her hansoms, and Grand Rapids, the City of Homes, has her fine electric system of street and interurban rail- ways, as good as any in the world. Thomas F. Carroll. —_+->—____ Makes Better Merchants and Better Men. Long Beach, Calif., Oct. 16— There are two measures of suc- cess. There is the everywhere ap- plied and everywhere talked of meas- ure of money. A man succeeds, or at least commonly is said to succeed, if he makes money. There is another, a higher measure of success, not so much talked about and not so often applied—the measure of real utility. By this a man _ suc- ceeds only if his work in life is gen- uinely useful to his fellow men. Ac- cording to this higher and harder test, the whisky manufacterer, the maker of a humbug patent medicine or the publisher of a sensational or mislead- ing newspaper does not succeed, even though he may accumulate millions. In this age few are so situated as to be able entirely to ignore the money standard of success. Happy may he be counted who can keep constantly in view the other standard also—who makes enough money for his needs, while pursuing with zeal and diligence some work that he hon- estly feels to be a God-given task. The Tradesman has achieved suc- cess by both standards. Long ago it had gained a degree of financial success enviable, if not phenomenal, in the record of trade papers. But it has done far more and better than make money—it has performed a most useful service by conferring incalcula- ble benefit upon its thousands of readers. During the last thirty-three years the problems of the retail dealer have increased in number and in difficulty. The Tradesman has been the dealer’s friend and practical helper, has shown him how and when to buy, how to im- prove his service, how to lessen waste, how to gain and hold patronage. It has gone further and shown dealers how to co-operate with one another and how to build and boost their home town, It has unceasingly advocated the get-together spurit. Not content with such utilitarian lessons alone, the Tradesman during the whole time of its publication has been an apostle of honesty and in- tegrity in private and in public affairs. Its fearless discussion of men and measures has served to inform its readers and keep them posted as to what has been going on in the world and also has stimulated them to men- tal activity and independent thought. The influence of the Tradesman has been to. make every reader not only a better merchant but a better man. It has helped him not only to make a living but to live. Elia M. Rogers. é October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 19 |__| Progress of Thirty-three Years in Street Car Service The kind of horse cars Grand Rapids people used thirty-three years ago Sava Palatial car in which Grand Rapids people travel to-day yi Pictures speak stronger than words as to the gradual growth and constant improvement in the service we give the public GRAND RAPIDS RAILWAY CO. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN ie, Re SEP DESL SSP 9 THE MILLINERY TRADE. Changes Have Been Too Great to Enumerate All. Written for the Tradesman. The changes which have occurred in the millinery business during the last third of a century have been so many and have come so gradually that it is almost impossible to enumerate them. Thirty-three years ago I happened to be traveling in Michigan, representing a wholesale millinery house located in Cleveland. In those days we started on our early spring trips with our sample trunks February and the early fall trip about the middle of August. start our men out for advance spring business early in about the middle of Ne w we November. and as early as the month Then our customers were not shown the new styles until they were about ready to use them, but now, in order that they may be able to meet competition, they must anticipate their wants several months in advance. While this plan may be better for the manufacturer, it certainly is no advan- tage to the wholesaler or retailer and, in my opinion, is one of the changes which has proven a detriment, rather than a benefit, to the millinery business of May for advance fall orders. as a whole. Then, again, back thirty years or more ago, there were fewer styles of hats shown by the manufacturers and the designs shown early would frequently run throughout the entire season. The manufacturers now bring out thousands of designs each season, all of which go out of style almost as quickly as they come in. The crying demand on the part of the consumer for “something new” is responsible for this. This mania is not alone confined to the millinery business. The shoe dealers have quite as many troubles along this line as the millinery dealers. The only possible solution of this evil, which, in my opinion, offers a very serious prob- lem to both the wholesaler and the re- tailer, is for the manufacturers to get together and agree to make fewer styles. Formerly, the retailers came to mar- ket during the opening season, placed their orders for their needs for the entire season, with an occasional filling in order. Now, on account of the con- stant changing of styles, their opening pills are much smaller and the buying has developed into a “hand to mouth” proposition. I would not say that this plan has reacted unfavorably for the wholesaler or the retailer. However, it does require greater care and activity on the part of the merchandising depart- ments, but should result in more turn overs and smaller stocks. , years ago the retail millinery business was principally in the hands of stores that handled millinery ex- During these intervening years we find that nearly all the large dry goods and department stores have added millinery to their Jines. We also clusively. This is a big subject in itself and I will not undertake to furnish the answer. To just what extent the automobile has affected the millinery business as a whole is an unknown quantity. If any line of business has suffered because of the automobile, it must be wearing ap- parel. We do know that thousands of dol- lars are diverted each year from former channels of trade into the automobile and its accessories, but as long as Mich- gan manufactures 77 per cent. as it did last year, of all the made in the entire United States, we ought to rejoice at the development of this wonderful industry. Whether it pleases us or not, the automobile has come to stay. It is only within the past few years that the public schools and the Y. W. C. A. have inaugurated classes in milli- automobiles Heber A, Knott find that within the past fifteen years the syndicate store has come into ex- istence. On the same order of the Douglas shoe stores and the United cigar stores, one concern in the North- west conducts 139 retail millinery stores in the United States, extending from San Francisco to New York City. These syndicates, as a rule, buy direct from the manufacturers and are of little help to the jobber, and in many in- stances, they make disagreeable compe- tition for the retailer. Then we now have the 10 and 25 cent stores which carry everything from a needle to a threshing machine and in the larger towns they carry a full stock of millinery. Another institution which during the past thirty-three years has evolved out of the realms of merchandising is the mail order house. It, too, sells milli- nery. Volumes have been written on how to meet mail order competition. nery in their domestic science depart- ments. In the public schools of Grand Rapids last year several hundred girls were enrolled in these classes. Perhaps only a small percentage ever follow this vocation for a livelihood, and of those who do, comparatively few ever become proficient milliners. Admitting this to be a fact, no one can question the de- sirability of every girl being able to make and trim a hat. It has both an economic and an artistic value. Conditions in all lines of business have undergone many radical changes during the past third of a century. The millinery business, which I happen to be writing about, is no exception. While it might seem to some acquainted with this particular line that many things have happened to divert trade from the usual channels, at the same time we must not lose sight of the fact that the population of this country, and particu- larly of our own State, has greatly in- October 25, 1916 creased during the past thirty-three years, and there are many more heads to cover than formerly. Besides, wom- en now purchase five or six hats during the year, where only a few years ago, one hat in the spring and one in the fall seemed to meet their needs. For the past three years women have been wearing leather millinery on their feet, pieced out with nifty hose long enough to reach the tropic of Capricorn where the skirt would be found, but the pendulum is swinging back now and women are actually going to pay more attention to head covering. As far as I can learn, the good dressers among women are coming back to their first love and are ready once more to start at the top with their good dressing. The past season has shown a decided improvement. It may be that we Grand Rapids wholesalers are enjoying a little more than our share of the prosperity in trade, for buyers have become accus- tomed to associating the name Grand Rapids with artistic things. As to our stock, we have had no difficulty in maintaining our European connections and the war has made prac- tically no difference with us. While it is true that the war is influencing the styles to a marked degree, the artistic creations of the European designers seem to reflect none of the somber side of the conflagration which is raging Heber A. Knott. —_++>__—__ Globes For the Business Men. To keep pace with the increasing importance of geography in com- mercial matters, many interesting globes and charts are appearing, in- tended especially for the business man. As rapid transportation has reduced the distance between various parts of the earth, business men’s markets embrace almost every part of the world. And the modern globe is designed, not so much for the theoretical geographer as for the business man. One interesting ylobe, invented by an American railroad man, but manufactured in Germany, 1s al- most a complete commercial geogra- phy in itself, It gives not only the outlines of the various continents, but all the steamship routes, all the sailing routes, all the railroads, all the cables and telegraph lines, and the location of all German consulates. Fourteen different kinds of lines are used to indicate the nationality of the ships sailing various routes. abroad. now The various dry docks, repair yards, coaling stations and their capacities are all indicated. Figures on the globe give ocean depths and enlarged maps, laid out on the broad ocean spaces, show the details of important cities and harbors. Other marks in- dicate the presence of more or less frequent earthquakes, tidal waves, ocean currents, trade winds. The population of every nation is stamped upon it and heavy meridians follow . the changes in time around the world. A movable brass strip, marked in miles and kilometers, is supplied with the globe for determining the great circle routes between various ports. —Popular Mechanics. —_—_--.-___ The poorest of all men is one who has no use for men who are poor. (t October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 21 Boston Breakfast iguatity Guaremtecd Blend ' at This 10c jar is identical with Na- tionally Advertised Brands selling at 15c. Our packages re- tailing at 15c and 25c are equally at- —Splendid Quality tractive. at a eee Nice profit for MANUFECTLA ad ; Moderate Price | a SMO dealers. Ask your : ” jobber. See quota- tions in Price Cur- rent. Made in Grand Judson Grocer Co. Rapids, The Pu re Foods House Actual size 7 02. — 2 doz. in case. Retails at 10c. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN The Bel-Car-Mo Nut Butter Co., Inc Grand Rapids, Mich. MICHIGAN’S FINEST AND MOST MODERN RUG PLANT . Ask — Your Doctor To Keep ma Rugs ‘. Clean ra a. Investigate OTTE BROTHERS AMERICAN LAUNDRY GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 22 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 THE DRY GOODS BUSINESS. Comprehensive Review By the Nestor of the Trade. Written for the Tradesman. So seldom is the retailer asked to ] 1 contribute, editorially. to a wholesale : ed ae : i trade publication that I feel rather over the opportunity erns and in methods oi 1 € ss in the past thirty or years, but we are wondering her any other has experienced so transformation as has the dry goods business. So com- u gine that the olden day methods ever existed. I recall the sidewalk displays of years ago everything from calicoes to carpezs were brought out on display benches on the front walks, each store trying to outdo the other by putting more goods outside, so that it became zimost necessary for passers-by to stop and look at the store’s wares or walk out in the street. In happy contrast to this con- dition are the modern show windows and the magnificent dust proof cab- inets and show cases for store inte- some when riors. The one-price-to-all > > __— Pearl Industry in Australasia. The extensive pearling grounds in this part of the world are being work- ed to only a limited extent during these times because of the lack of men and the heavy expense of opera- tion at this time, a large proportion of the fleet being laid up. The industry has been quite re- munerative in this part of the world, and some fine specimens have been found, but the real profits have been derived from the high-grade shell pearl, of which Australasia produces about four-fifths of the world’s out- put. London has controlled the pearl market in the past, but at present most of the products are sent to the United States—Consular Report. October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN : 25 Factory of the O. & W. Thum Company L Where the Sanitary, cE - Non-Poisonous Fly Destroyer TANGLEFOOT IS MADE We Have the Most Complete Line of Flour and Feed in Western Michigan NEW PERFECTION The Trade Winning Flour is Manufactured by Us We Manufacture Scratch Feed and Chick Feed D> Buckwheat Flour and Self-rising Pan Cake Flours Cotton Seed and Oil Meal in Car Lots or Ton Lots Grain and Feed of All Kinds it Watson-Higgins Milling Co. ‘ Grand Rapids ee Michigan 26 ELECTRICAL DEVELOPMENT. It Is Contemporaneous With Career of the Tradesman. Written for the Tradesman. One of the first local in Tradesman ive view of the was Samuel A. whom the editor of the last thirty three 5 Freshney, I Consumers Power Company of Grand Rapids. coincidence well worth entered the me year up- noting that Mr. Fre electrical busi on which the Michig began its uninterru career of I important ownership. to remember that practically all of the great developments of electricity have come during the period em- braced within Mr. Freshney’s active life. Rather than set down in narrative form this amazing story of electricity, the editor presents in an interesting interview Mr. Freshney’s recollections of the first electric lights, the first uses of electric power, etc., and his observations on the future of elec- tricity as the main-stem of Michi- gan’s industrial growth and as a fac- tor in America’s commercial suprem- acy. So that readers may fully under- stand the tremendous strides being made in the burdens of mankind in every walk of life, it is well to briefly sketch the part the Consumers Power Company has tak- en in Michigan's extraordinary de- velopment of recent years. lessening The Consumers Power Company of Michigan controls hydro and steam electric plants, which supply many Michigan. others Grand Rapids, Muskegon, Saginaw, Bay City, Flint, Pontiac, Kalamazoo, Jackson and Battle Creek. The total population served by this company is over 600,000. cities of Among A very large proportion of the an- nual output of 250,000,000 K. W. H. is used in the operation of hundreds of industrial plants. (The great ad- vantage of such a load is indicated by its load factor, which means the ratio of the least to the greatest amount of electrical energy provided and used is 42.5 per cent.) In other words. this company has less of the extreme high peaks and low valleys in current consumption than many of the larger companies. This load fac- tor is identical with that of the Com- monwealth Edison Company of Chi- cago—the largest distributor of elec- trical energy in the world. The load factor of the New York Edison Com- pany is 35.3 per cent., while the Edi- son Illuminating Company of Boston has a load factor of 32.7 per cent. The present capacity of the Con- sumers Power Company is 130,000 H. P., of which 60,000 H. P. is steam and 70,000 H. P. is hydro electric develop- ment. This hydro electric develop- ment represents an enormous servation of coal resources. There is much latent water power which will be developed to meet future needs. The company reserves fine power con- MICHIGAN TRADESMAN sites in rivers right in the heart of the great industrial region of Michi- gan. Much of the steam power is for “stand-by” and insurance service and is not required for normal operation. This company is among the first of the 5,000 central stations in the Unit- ed States with an output of over 250,- 000,000 K. W. H. per year. “You ask me what single influence has contributed most to Michigan’s great progress in the last thirty-three years?’ repeated Mr. Freshney, be- ginning the interview. “The answer is, of course, electric- ity or rather electricity at rates com- afford. much the same reply must be made in nearly every state of the Union. Everybody now realizes that no task is too diffi- cult and none too delicate for this merce can Very Samuel A. ever-ready and never-failing servant of the people. Electricity does its work quickly, silently, safely, econom- ically, thoroughly. It is bringing horseless, dirtless, smokeless, toilless cities to America.” “Will electrical gress during the next twenty years as it has in the past decade?” “Yes but the progress will be in a different direction. We fairly well electricity to-day. Our inventors have been pretty busy. In development pro- understand fact, they have invented far more de- vices and appliances than have been developed. There will be more, of course, but the years will witness a general utilization of the inventions on hand. The practical uses of these will develop a variety of uses for electricity which we have not to-day, thus retaining the principle of present invention but enlarging their scope.” “Will you give us a few of the niore important inventions?” “You mean, of course, those which have been developed to points of high efficiency. Well, take the electric lamp, which has pioneered electrical development. No real progress was made until 1862, when a single arc lamp was put up in the light-house crude, at Dungeness, England. A electrical generator furnished the power for this then world’s wonder. “In fact, it was not until the Phila- delphia Centennial that several arc lamps were operated by one machine. One of the great sights of the world in 1878 and following years were the electric lights on the Avenue de L’Opera in Paris. It was a few years later, 1882, that the name of Edison first appears in the annals of electric- Freshney ity. At Cincinnati that year, the Edi- son and Western incandescent lamps bewildered the populace. “To-day incandescent over 2,000 per cent. more electric light and, it may be added, electric light is the necessity of life which has steadily decreased in cost in recent years. Exactly 1075 per ccnt. more electric light can now be obtained for ten cents than for a like sum twenty years ago. lamps give only “The development of electric pow- er, let me add, has been equally im- pressive. From the 1,000 horse power electric generator exhibited at the Chciago World’s Fair in 1893 to the gigantic generators in Brooklyn and Philadelphia central stations which develop 40,000 horse power, is merely a step toward the realization of 100,- 000 horse locomotives. A\l- ready the Interborough Rapid Tran- power October 25, 1916 sit Company of New York is install- ing 60,000 horse power generators. “Tt is interesting to note that the first central station in America for lighting incandescent lamps was in- stalled just across the lake, at Apple- ton, Wis. The capacity of this sta- tion was only 200 lights. There are 5.083 central stations in the United States to-day. These provide electric energy for light, heat and power, The light load alone may be estimated from the fact that more than 110,000,- 000 incandescent lamps were sold in this country last year. “Transmitting power over wires from a central station to users was first shown in Vienna in 1873. Ten years later a transmission line carried a single electrical horse power from a water fall thirty-seven miles away. Last year electric power for the great San Francisco Exposition, which made night like day within 635 acres of grounds, came from the Sierras, 225 miles away. The Consumers Pow- er Company transmits its power 140,- 000 volts over 145 miles. This is the second highest voltage and the sec- ond longest transmission in the world and was for some time the first. Within this generation these lines will girdle the prairies, link up the mountains and cobweb the Nation, distributing light, heat and power current to the remotest hamlet in the land. “These illustrations are typical of electrical progress in every phase of life to-day. One statistician now fig- ures over 2,000 practical uses of elec- tricity; another finds seventy uses of In the home, upon the farm, in the factory —everywhere, the world is fast be- coming electrified. Of the 20,500,000 United States, one- fourth are already lighted by electric- ity. At the present rate of transfers from steam to electric drive, three- fourths of all America’s industries will be electrified inside of five years.” “How do you account for the great increase in the uses of electrical ap- pliances and in the widespread sub- stitution of electricity for all other forms of power?” electricity on an automobile. homes in the “Mainly because our industry is, perhaps, the most thoroughly organ- ized and possesses the finest co-oper- ative spirit on record. There are many organizations within the indus- try which do effective work in pop- ularizing electricity. Each branch of the industry has its societies. The Jovian League alone represents a membership of 20,000. “Perhaps one of the most efficient organizations and the one which has, in its short existence, done most to advance the doctrine of ‘Do it Elec- trically’ is the Society for Electrical Development which includes central station, manufacturing, jobber, con- tractor and dealer members through- out the forty-eight states. “One of its yearly activities is a National Electrical Week, during which electrical and non-electrical in- terests of every kind in practically all the cities of America join hands to promote and observe the influences of electricity in each community in the 4 4, October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRAD ESMAN 27 Wholesale Dry Goods - Paul Steketee & Sons Established 1862 the preceding one. for their patronage and loyalty. Fountain Street and Grand Rapids _ :: OR MORE than half a century we have been doing business in Grand Rapids and Western Michigan. Each year in greater volume than A success due solely to keeping faith with our patrons, giving for every dollar we received its equivalent in quality merchandise at right prices, and giving prompt and efficient service. We wish to thank our many friends and customers lonia Avenue :: Michigan 28 jand. This year the celebration will be known as America’s Electrical Week, December 2 to 9.” Mr. Freshney was asked in what the most marked progress had been made in the electrical industry during the year 1915. One of the important developments of the year, he said was the big in- creases in the capacities of central station turbo generators, particularly in cities of an average population of 100,000. The purchase of new generator units of increased capacity indicates, Mr. Freshney states, an enormous growth in central station service. The transfer of many of the great steel mills from steam to electric drive was another notable step in the electrification of American industry. The sale of apparatus for these mills practically trebled during the year 1916. “This was, in a large measure, due,” Mr. Freshney added, “to the great boom in the steel business prob- ably stimulated by conditions abroad.” “One of the amazing transforma- tions is the electrical battle ship” continued Mr. Freshney. “The new battle ship California whose keel was laid in 1915 is the first electrically propelled battle ship in the history of the world. Battle ships of the Ten- nessee type will be provided with 37,000 H. P. of electric energy, enough to furnish electric light, heat and power for cities of more than 200,000 war population. “The tremendous size of the Ten- nessee and the amount of energy re- quired in daily operating the ship may be estimated when one studies the total horse power used to provide light, heat and power for big cities, as the following table shows: City Population Horse power Louisville 237,000 33,000 me Paul .....- 215,000 24,000 New Orleans .. 339,000 15,000 U.S. S. Tennessee 1,250 37,000 “Electric drive for battle ships has been adopted by the Navy Depart- ment after exhaustive experiments. The, Department reports that the electric drive presents numerous fea- tures of structural operating and mili- tary advantages. Among these are the location of the turbines in any part of the ship, which better protect the propelling machinery from injury. In time of battle, electric power en- ables the crew to load and fire the big guns with greater rapidity. “Instead of the propellers being mechanically connected to the driv- ing engines or turbines, the Tennes- see will have two steam turbines, de- veloping more than 33,000 horse pow- er, driving electric generators which, in turn, will furnish current to four 6,700 horse power motors, each motor driving a propeller.” “Will you state in what respects the growth of central station service is most noticeable?” “Many central stations are reach- ing out for electric railway service which had heretofore been regarded as not entirely satisfactory. For in- stance, the Commonwealth Edison Company of Chicago furnished during MICHIGAN TRADESMAN the year 1915 1,198,000,000 K. W. Hh More than one-half or 670,000,000 K. W. H. of this energy was used for railway service. As central stations take over the supply of this energy, many of these railway power stations are being dismantled and power is being purchased from large central stations. “Coincident with the growth of the central station service there has been a wonderful increase in small power business. “Tn the next twenty years it is only fair to say, that in all probability cen- tral station service will be used for the most arduous tasks of mills and factories, just as it will be used to do the chores on the farm and the work in the home. As I view this pros- pective day, I can not conceive of any labor nor any pastime or enjoyment in which electricity will not be used.” Asked to tell in ordinary termi- nology what one cent’s worth of elec- tricity would do, Mr. Freshney re- plied: “Here’s a little schedule at hand which tells what one cent’s worth of electricity at 10 cents per kilowatt hour will operate: A 16 candle power Mazda lamp for five hours. A six pound flatiron fifteen minutes. A radiant toaster long enough to produce ten slices of toast. A sewing machine for two hours. A fan twelve inches in diameter for two hours. An electric percolator long enough to make three cups of coffee. A heating pad from two to four hours. A domestic buffer for one and one- quarter hours. A chafing dish twelve minutes. An electric broiler six minutes. An electric griddle eight minutes. A radiant grill for ten minutes. An electric curling iron once a day for two weeks. It will operate a luminous 500-watt radiator for twelve minutes. During the course of the interview Mr. Freshney added the following interesting paragraphs to his review of electricity: “One electrical horse power will do the work of ten men without tiring. That is, one electrical horse power, continuously operated, does as much work as thirty men working in eight hour shifts. “There are 5,800,000 electrical light- ing customers in the United States. This means the central stations send out 70,000,000 bills per annum. “In comparison with over 50,000,000 H. P, of locomotives, over 40,000,000 H. P. of automobiles and a total of over 150.000,000 mechanical horse power, Government reports show that 30,000,000 horses and mules are in service to-day in the United States. “One of the big reasons why the cost of supplying electrical service to the public is not lower is due to the fact that only approximately one-half of the entire generating capacity is required for actual service one-tenth of the time, In other words, one-half of the actual investment would be ample for 90 per cent. of the time it is used. The reason for this is, of course, the fact that electric light is demanded at certain hours of the night only and the electrical power demand is not enough during the daytime to force this ratio upwards. “Enough hydro-electric energy is running to waste to equal the daily labor of 1,800,000,000 men or thirty times our adult population, according to Secretary of Interior, Franklin Kk. Lane. “Reports of eighty-four manufactur- ers show that over 9,000,000 electrical household appliances such as irons, toasters, grills, etc., have been manu- factured and sold since this industry started, “More than one-fourth of all the 20,500,000 homes in the United States, according to statistics gathered by the leading electrical manufacturers, are already lighted by electricity. — soso Working Overtime. “Mary!” cried Prof. Forgetalot. triumphantly waving his gamp. “I have remembered to bring home my umbrella to-day.” “So I see,” replied his wife. “The only trouble is that you didn’t take it with you this morning.” Some smtall minds have thoughts. great October 25, 1916 Just a Delightful Change of Flavor is MAPLEINE It reveals a taste which sur- prises all novices. Sell MA- PLEINE. It will improve your business—it will create de- mand. Order from your jobber or Louis Hilter Go. 1503 Peoples Life Bldg. ° Chicago, Ill CRESCENT MFG. CO. Seattle, Wash. DOUBLE YOUR MONEY PILLOWS Get 3 Pairs Leader Pillows 3 +“ 3 Ty 3 “ 12 Pairs for $19.00, in best grade ticking. Grand Rapids Bedding Co. Put in a line of this Leader Assortment: @ $3.00 Boston sd @ 450 Special Geese Pillows (@ 6.75 X XB Pillows - @ 9.00 Grand Rapids, Mich. ae G53 Wey ELV buying. quality. store. Sure Sales People like to know what they are Not only the name, but the When you sell goods of known quality and value, sales come easier and oftener. N. B. C. Products are known and wanted by millions. Some of these people pass your store every day. A window display of the famous In-er-Seal Trade Mark packages will attract attention and bring customers into your The dealer who stocks N. B. C. Products prepares to meet an already created demand. Sales are sure. NATIONAL BISCUIT COM PANY se = < » > a . 7? v , x ;~ # di » ie a a a at: 1g ¥ 4 > < » a v , J - di i Wa i) . at: au” ¥ 4 b ¢ October 25, 1916 Closing the Door to Sales Incentive. While there is not much room for questioning the right of an employer to be the master of his subordinates, the doctrine promises to interest the whole- sale grocery trade in a novel way if it results in closing the door to every specialty manufacturer in his right to provide special incentive to jobbers’ salesmen to push his goods as against those of his competitors. It has always been one of the cardinal principles of the National Wholesale Grocers’ Association to discourage “sub- sidizing” the salesmen of the jobber by special offerings and bonuses by manu- facturers. Now that this has taken the form of offering salesmen automobiles for special effort, the jobbers have come out with a renewal of their opposition to the plan and in the latest issue of the Bulletin the subject is discussed as fol- lows: “To what extent this new form of a subsidy or bribe will be encouraged re- mains to be seen, while the fact is that as long as wholesale grocers permit their salesmen to be subsidized by manufac- turers the practice will not be eliminated. “Our constitution calls the subsidizing of jobbers’ salesmen an evil, and so it is. It not only demoralizes your sales force, but tends to create unbusinesslike condi- tions, which as a rule result detriment- ally to the wholesale grocers’ interests. “If every wholesale grocer will de- cline to furnish the names of his sales- men to manufacturers and will deny the manufacturer the privilege of sub- sidizing or bribing his salesmen the evil will be discontinued.” Very good for the jobber. He un- questionably ought to be the dominant factor in deciding which goods his sales- men will push. But in taking that posi- tion he is seriously restricting the spec- ialty man in his competitive ability and recourse. What can he do to induce jobbers and their salesmen to give him a special quality of push in his dis- tribution? Of course, the jobber will reply that the manufacturer who wants his goods pushed must deal with the jobber him- self, and if it appears desirable to the latter to have his men get back of the goods, he will pass along the necessary orders. As a matter of experience, however, this has not always proved to follow effectively. The jobber may feel willing to gain the special reward, what- ever it be, but he rarely inspires the same incentive with the salesman. In fact, the jobber who is entirely frank will admit that it is inconvenient, if not impossible, for him to be more than a “distributor” and that he can do little to push this or that product as against its competitor, if the retailers order thé other. And yet, these same jobbers will in sist that if the manufacturer employs them at all he ought to leave his entire distribution in their hands. Can a prudent manufacturer, willing to spend money in competition, place his entire dependence on a distributor who works through third parties in his touch with the retailer, without offering the incen- tive to the “man at the front?” In offer- ing inducements, he rarely means to take command of the salesmen to the detriment of the employer, but it strikes MICHIGAN TRADESMAN him as the most promising and direct course, It would seem as though there might be a fruitful ground for conference in this. If the jobber is only a distributor ; if he cannot play partisan toward spec- ialties but must pass out whatever is ordered; if he cannot offer rewards to the salesman, how can he be a live com- petitor and at the same time work through “legitimate channels?” +2 An Unutilized Source of Energy. In any hilly city automobiles and heavy’ wagons must apply brakes in going down the hills, and this is hard on both tire and pavement. The rut- ting which destroys hillside pave- ments, especially dirt or macadam roads, is frequently due primarily to the practice of tying or otherwise do- ing all the braking on one wheel. The least wear would occur when all four wheels were subjected to an equal amount of brake friction, and none slid over the road surface. Here is an enormous amount of en- ergy wasted, and not only that but damage (as wasted energy so often does.) Theoretically the energy so wasted by a vehicle in descending a hill is equal to the amount necessary to raise its weight through the dis- tance dropped, less the axle and roll- ing friction in both descending and climbing the hill, which is an appar- ently unrecoverable loss. If this brake energy could be stored and use, haul- ing in a hilly city would require little more total energy than in a level one. Various schemes suggest themselves but seem impracticable because of cost; such as causing the descending vehicle to raise a weight by means of a rope to which the vehicle at- taches itself, which is afterward used to assist another vehicle up the hill. (This has been done in the case of cars running on rails.) More promis- ing is the plan of using storage bat- teries in the vehicle, current generated by the braking apparatus being used to recharge them, Something similar to this is now being done in connection with the electric lights and self-start- ers on automobiles. It is now pro- posed, we understand, to operate mo- tor trucks and possibly other auto- mobiles by combined gasoline engine and storage battery, the latter carry- ing the “peak load” in hill climbing and being recharged in descending grades. If only half of the energy lost in holding back a descending vehicle can be recovered and used, and the storage battery weight and cost are not excessive, there would seem to be a great field here for con- servation of energy, and cutting down of operating expenses.—Municipal Journal. ———_+<-.——— To the trained mind of a merchant a store presents either a healthy or an unhealthy atmosphere. This is caused by many factors, such as the display of merchandise, the general appear- ance of stocks, general cleanliness, and the air, attitude and quality of employes. In the healthy store there is an apparent alertness on the part of everybody and the visitor with an air of enquiry is quickly invited to. express his wishes. In an unhealthy store quite the reverse is the rule. “Shumanize Your Store! Increase Sales Please your customers Keep stocks neat and orderly Prevent both over- charging and under-charging. The Shuman system of shelf-pricing consists of metal clamps and gummed stickers to go on them. The clamps spring into the shelf. They stay firmly but can be easily and quickly moved from place to place. Shuman price clamps are also con- venient for placing on top of goods, or on edges of crates, barrels or baskets. Priced Goods Sell Much More Quickly, With Less Effort, Both to Buyer and Seller People like to trade at a plain-priced store—and they think the goods are cheaper because they are plainly priced. You will do 14 more business per clerk per hour, by saving their time in answering questions. And clerks will have to keep stocks in order—an easy task by this system. Complete Set $3.2 —“for 30c”—“‘for 50c.” Extra Clamps $2.50 per 100. = ’ A set consists of 50 clamps and 1110 stickers. you can make any combination up to 99c, with or without the “dozen,” and including any combination prices “for 5c”—“‘for 10c”—“‘for 15c”—“‘for 25c” Stickers are so arranged that Extra Stickers 10c for 50. Order Through Your Jobber or if he does not carry them send us check or money or- der for $3.25 and complete set will be sent you by par- cel post prepaid. FrankG. Shuman Company Room 905, 168 N. Michigan Av. CHICAGO The Right Number W HEN you go out to make a call in person, you always assure yourself that you have the right address. In making a telephone call, it saves a lot of time and bother, to be sure of the number. The absolutely sure way is to first consult the telephone directory—not trusting to memory—and then to listen carefully when the operator repeats back to you the num- ber, correcting her if she is wrong. When you get the wrong number, it is always well to remember that the person called to the telephone by mistake is never at fault and should be treated with the utmost courtesy. Michigan State Telephone Company 30 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 THE TANNING INDUSTRY. Revolutionary Changes of the Past Third of a Century. Written for the Tradesman. The leather industry in the United States is divide two classe s heavy leather used, means ¢€ ing leather or leather. Ligh considered to a for shoe uppers, such as calf, sheep, goat, kip and side upper leather. Fan- meat halt century ago it was custom- ary to see all kinds of leather tanned in one plant. It was about a third of a century ago that this practice was pretty much abandoned and now it is almost universally true that the differ- ent kinds of leather are tanned in dif- ferent plants. The man who knows how to tan one kind of leather usual- little It is impossible to tan light ly knows very about tanning another. and heavy leather in the same tan- ery and with the same process. In a general way these statements are correct. Some minor exceptions but prove the rule. In the last third of a century the changes in the light leather industry have been much more radical than in the heavy. Indeed, the changes in the tanning of light leather have been revolutionary. The one fundamental change in the tannage of light leather is the mineral tannage which has al- most completely displaced the older vegetable or bark tannage. This min- eral tannage is what is commonly known as the chrome tannage. In this tannage bichromate of sodium or bichromate of potassium in solution with water is the fixing agent which preserves or tans the hide, while in the older process the tanning was done with solutions of tannic acid ob- tained by leaching vegetable tanning materials, in this country principally oak or hemlock bark. Practically all light upper leather and by far the largest part of the heavy upper leath- er now used in shoes in this country is tanned by the chrome process. The chrome process dates from the year 1879, when Heinzerling patented a process for making leather in which skins were treated with alum and potassium bichromate. The chrome processes for light and soft leathers has many advantages over the vegetable tannage. It makes a soft, pliable leather, a leather which will not harden when it gets wet, a tough strong fiber and surface and a leather which will resist heat. Chrome tanned leather can be boiled without injury, while vegetable tanned leather will not endure liquid temperatures much over 120 Fahrenheit. Chrome tanned leather has one dis- advantage which is of practical mo- degrees a combdination 44 al «a minefai ana All of these tanning agents have se since the Tradesman i oors under the man- agement of Editor e, and the most of them have come into use, at least in quantities of importance, dur- t Stow fifteen years. These new vegetable tanning agents have come into a dominant position the heavy leather industry, not be- cause they are superior to the old re- i f oak and hemlock, be- jews ~ t = s p68) "= es w © cause there is no better heavy leather tanned than that which is tanned with oak and hemlock, but because of the rapid destruction of the oak and hem- lock forests of this country. A third of a century ago the hem- lock bark used in Grand Rapids tan- neries came from the Lower Penin- Van A, Wallin. The principal change in the tanning oi heavy leather is the introduction of the new vegetable tanning materi- als. This change might be called evolutionary instead of revolutionary, as it involves no new theory of tan- ning. A third of a century ago all leather, or practically all leather, in the Unit- ed States was tanned with either hemlock bark or oak bark. To-day, in addition to these two tanning ma- terials, we have spruce bark, which has been for a long time one of the principal tanning agents of Germany, and has given to the German Christ- mas tree the name of “Tannenbaum.” We have bark tree of from the mangrove valonia from Asia Minor, myrabolams from India, cas- salotte and divi divi from Mexico, quebracho from South America and chestnut from the Appalachian Re- gion of the United States. Africa, sula of Michigan, almost entirely south of White Cloud, on the Pere Marquette railroad, and Big Rapids, on the G. R. & I. A third of a cen- tury ago hemlock bark was being peeled in large quantities on the Grand River between Grand Rapids and Grand Haven. Now there is very little bark peeled and but limited tracts of hemlock timber left in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. In those early days, thirty-three years ago, the timber from which the hemlock bark was taken was of very little value. Indeed, except in very favorable locations it was absolutely of no value and thousands of cords of bark have been brought to the tan- neries of Michigan, peeled from logs which were rolled into heaps and burned. To-day, on the contrary, hemlock timber has grown to be very valuable and is utilized to the last In spite of the large advance slab. in price of the bark, the timber is far the most valuable portion of the tree. Although these many vegetable tan- ning materials have come in to take the place of bark and are in very successful use in practically all the tanneries of the country, still the cost of oak and hemlock bark has steadily advanced. Thirty-three years ago hemlock bark was delivered freely in Grand Rapids at about $5 a measured cord weighing about 2,400 pounds. This year hemlock bark is costing $13 to $14 per weighed cord of 2,250 pounds. This cost is practically three times the cost of bark a third of a century ago. These new tanning materials in- volve no revolutionary changes in the processes of tanning heavy leather. Their introduction has, however, in- volved a great many changes in detail to successfully adjust them to the tanning processes. Their introduction has very materially modified the color ot sole leather, and to some extent the quality, their general effect being to produce a more mellow piece of leather. This change has been desir- able, because during this last third of a century to so large an extent the nailed or pegged shoe has given place to a sewed shoe, and the mellower leather is where soles are sewed to the upper instead of being nailed or pegged. Another important change that has had considerable effect upon the cost of producing leather has been the in- troduction of mineral oils and greases. A third of a century ago only animal and vegetable fats were used in leath- er. All kinds of fish oil, whale oil, cod oil, menhaden oil, hard grease, such as tallow and some of the veg- etable oils, were the only oils consid- ered possible to use in leather. It was about twenty years ago that the tanners first had their attention drawn to the possibilities of petroleum oils. Kesearch laboratory work and experi- mental work in the tanneries finally demonstrated the superior value of mineral oils and waxes, and to-day the quantity of mineral oils used in the tanning of leather is immeasurably greater than the animal or vegetable oils. If the American tanner to-day were confined to the use of hemlock and oak bark, probably not more than one third of the leather now produced in the United States could be tanned. In the same way it is true that only a small portion of the leather required by the people of the United States could be supplied if the tanners were restricted to the use of mineral and vegetable oils and greases. These changes in the heavy leather industry have not radically affected the time in tanning. Thirty-three years ago the schedule in the Wallin Leather Company’s tannery called for 150 days in the process. Now this schedule is 110 days. Stronger tan- ning solutions have produced heavier, thicker leather. which is more water resistant and will stand more wear, but these stronger solutions have not needed ‘greatly shortened the time in process. There have been some quick tannage processes introducd and some heavy ’ » € - -» q : A oy ¢ i? . o . te ) » a <4 h 4) + Ak i . ’ a? . » } € > of (> e a i J «we a 7 € ) Y > ¢ ‘o> i & October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 31 Established 1885 Alfred J. Brown Seed Co. Growers, Merchants and Importers General Warehouse and Offices, Cor. Ottawa Ave. and Louis St. Grass, Agricultural and Garden Seeds Peas, Beans, Pop Corn and Onion Sets Grand Rapids | . < Michigan MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 iin revolving wheels, time sav- t been very sat- come into wide mcictrw incgustt! DUt an €cno GI ans nc je, Rite aeiie world has aiways partly due be, but it is = . fact that with arge advance in the COSE Gi ieather, there has been. of necessity put into shoes, h « . wth - +1 q +} amt ‘ and other leather goods, the inferior : ee eee . . portions of the hide in the interest of economical production. Only the best part of the hide makes finest leather. The introduction of machinery in the processes of the manufacture of heavy ieather has been 3 athe comparatively “11 T ¢ + . . | > small. In light © it h been h larger + } leather cn targe in t 1éavy eatner ing by hand is almost arie%r o- r gahand i ; } ha»: ; universally abandoned and the hair is removed by machines. In many tan- neries fleshing machines have super- seded hand fleshing, but apart from these two machines there has been a very limited introduction of machinery into the heavy leather tanneries in the last third of a century. Labor is rela- tively of minor importance in a sole leather tannery and there has been but little incentive to the introduc- tion of labor saving machinery. In light leather tanneries, however, the labor factor is of large import- ance and in these tanneries a great many new and valuable machines have been introduced which very ma- terially assist in producing leather at loW cost. Machines for many of the processes now take the place of hand labor, such as machines for scouring, setting, shaving, jacking, staking, splitting and measuring leath- er. blacking, 3ut for the introduction of this labor saving machinery the cost of tanning would have been greatly in- creased. Labor is now nearly double what it was a third of a century ago. Thirty-three years ago common labor was plentiful at about $1.25 for a ten hour day. To-day help is scarce at twenty-five cents an hour. In spite of this advance in labor cost of tanning a hide into leather has been held down to a point almost as low and tanning ‘materials, the as it was a third of a century ago. This is accomplished ‘by large production, elimination of waste and utilization of by-products. The great advance in the cost of leather in the last third of a century has been due almost wholly to the advance in the cost of the raw hide from which the leather is produced. reason of One of the most important changes in the leather industry in a third of a century has been the rapid growth of corporations and the almost complete elimination of the old time firm or partnership. The partnerships have evolved into corporations, small cor- porations into large corporations and these in turn by groups into still larger corporations. With these changes there has come to pass at the same time the elimination of the small Production is now on a large ale so that although there has been large increase in the quantity of leather tanned in the United States, i has been a large decrease in the mber of tanneries. © = ii wt In my opinion, concentration of industries into ge units and this growth of the large corporation tends toward perma- nence and safety in investment as l as economy in production. It is not a menace, but a good that has come to the country. Van A. Wallin. —_—_ +. Long Time to Hold a Grudge. Owosso, Oct. 16—We received this week a communication from W. D. Royce, of Ann Arbor, an old friend and commercial traveler who at one time was a native of this part of the terrestrial He lived among us in ap- parent tranquility, washed his feet with regularity consistent with well regulated citizenship and was beloved by all, ex- cepting the man next door who had a garde antipathy larg arden and also a violent against any one who kept chickens. One morning Bill got up early, went down town and paid his grocery bill, packed his effects into old barrels and moved to the city of Ann Arbor, and settled down to bask in a more aristocratic and educational climate. The contents of his letter to-day contained a request that we purchase for the replenishment of his cellar several bushels of potatoes and also inviting himself out to our place to spend a day hunting.. We re- sponded with alacrity to his request for potatoes and shipped him a quantity by first freight, but pigeon holed the hunt- ing proposition right then and there for the following reasons, for we know when we have had enough if we can only remember it. As days, weeks, months and years form the vista through which we look into a gently receding past, our thoughts often revert into decades of our earlier years and we recollect more vividly and the pleasant nemories are keener than of the happenings of more recent occur- ences. This, no doubt, is the reason I am reminded of days back in the sixties when the writer had arrived at the ripe age of about 13 long years. My old friend and chum, Bill Royce, was a few months younger and such commodities as game, including coon, wood chuck, squirrel, pigeon, partridge, etc., were plenty. Bill and I had never been on a hunting trip, having been kept too busy in the avocation of most anything that turned up that would keep our wardrobe of hickory swankies, trousers and stogy boots sufficiently replenished, but we had day dreams and visions and frequent visits together of an extended hunting trip to Cohoctah, Livingston county, when all at once luck turned our way and Bill came into possession of prob- ably, according to Bill’s idea, the best coon dog that ever came down the pike, and his name was Max. I never knew what Bill traded for him or it, whether he stole him or somebody wished him onto Bill when he wasn’t looking, but Bill’s conversation for the next’ two weeks was confined mostly to what that dog could do and how much he knew. He was a sort of a broad gauged animal in front, sort of a cross between an old fashioned, crooked legged bureau and a shetland pony, and the same style of architecture was depicted on his physi- ognomy. This was the front end. The rear end was more like a hall in a city flat or a country hotel bed room. He just seemed to taper off like the bow of a boat and his hind end locomotion was wobbly. One foot sort of tracked di- rectly behind the other and he always sat down cornerwise in a manner that would lead a close observer to suspicion that he might possibly have been born under the ban of a hobble skirt period. But say, how that dog could bark. He would just jar the ground and most always when he started to bark he would turn side wise and the hind end would tip up first, but when he sat down with his back against a tree and barked he could be heard for two miles, possibly two and a quarter. The boys used to borrow him and set him down against a walnut tree and make him bark to shake the walnuts off. His bark was so strong that the neighbors nicknamed him Peruvian. One evening Bill came up to the house and told me that things were coming our way, that he had found an old-fashioned powder horn up in the garret, one-half filled with powder. The writer immediately hiked for the gran- ary and exposed to view a pint bottle filled with several sizes of shot that I had hidden until I had grown old enough to enlist. We shook out enough pennies and 3 cent pieces between us to purchase a box of G. D. caps and the only thing that stood between us and our long talked of hunt was an oppor- tunity for both to get a day off at the same time. The Gods of Heaven favor the righteous, for the next week Bill’s brother and my good old dad, both Baptist deacons, made a three days’ trip to a Baptist convention in a distant part of the State. The evening of their departure I met Bill about half way between his home and mine. I had started down to see 3ill and Bill was coming up to see me and it didn’t take a very long session to decide that the next day would, in all probability, be the best day to hunt of any that fall. About noon the next day Bill and I met at the corner of a large piece of woods. Bill had Max with him. I was the owner of an old fashioned flint lock musket remodeled over into an up-to-do fowling piece. The wood on the stock extended an inch longer than the barrel in order to hold securely en iron ramrod that was about three inches longer than either. Bill’s gun was a common everyday af- fair, with no place for a ramrod, so he was obliged to stick it down through a surcingle buckled around his waist, with the lower end of the ramrod in his boot leg. Bill carried the powder and the writer the shot and we divided the caps. While we were distributing our ammunition we heard Max bark. We found him at the foot of the tallest tree in the woods at the edge of a clearing. Away up in the topmost limbs was a bunch of something that I thought look- ed like a bunch of leaves, but Bill said it looked to him like a coon and any- way, Max wouldn’t bark at a bunch of leaves, and I was too much of a gen- tleman to argue, as it was Bill’s dog. We looked at it for a few minutes and wondered how high up it was. Bill said that was easy, he could figure that out. Bill had the drop on me there, as he had been to college and had worked out the intricacies of right angles and cube root, etc., so Bill fixed two sticks, one he called the base of the hypothenuse at an angle of 45 degrees, set it up at a distance from the tree so the slanting stick would point at the coon, then he paced from the stick to the roots of the tree, took a piece of coal and figured on a beech tree and said the coon was 178 feet and 8 inches high. He also figured that his gun’ would shoot 200 feet, because the number 200 was stamp- ed in the stock, but he had some doubts about mine. But as my gun was almost twice as long as his I thought I’d take a chance, so Bill took a position on one side of the tree and I the other, with Max at the foot of the tree barking. Bill was to count three and we would shoot. Bill counted one, two and fired and then I shot up somewhere as soon as I could think of it. This fusillade didn’t seem to disturb anything but the dog. I can’t yet why we didn’t kill that coon, for we both fired all over that tree. I happened to look out in the field and saw old Max running toward home. You ought to have seen that dog run and every time he’d bark he would fall down and when he wasn’t falling down and getting up he was running. I said to Bill, “Where do you suppose he is going? I don’t see any- thing that he is trying to catch up with.” Bill looked a trifle puzzled for a minute and then started in to explain. Bill could always explain things that I couldn’t. He said, “George, I'll tell you what I think. That dog is a pretty wise guy and it is estimated you know, that if a man will run a rod he can jump a wall three feet high, two rods six feet high and so on. Max thinks if he gets back far enough he can jump up and get that coon. He'll be back in a few minutes. Let’s sit down and watch him jump.” I didn’t just swallow all that dope, but my native modesty then, as now, cropped out so strong that I didn’t want to hurt Bill’s feelings by any derogatory remarks about his dog, so we sat down on a log and waited and in our excitement we both neglected to load our guns. After waiting for a half an hour Bill got nervous and said something had happened and he would go after Max. So he left his gun with me and started in the direction we last saw the dog, while I amused myself with a continuous wait. I hadn’t waited very long before several gray squirrels came out and chattered at me; a couple of rabbits showed up; a fllock of quail flew down within a rod of where I sat; several partridges lighted in a poplar tree close by. I had two empty guns and Bill had the powder. I didn’t see Bill again for over a month when I did meet him, it was at a Sunday School picnic and Bill was all dolled up, carry- ing a banner bearing the device, “Feed My Lambs,”’ assisted by two handsome young ladies dressed in white wearing red sashes and I, even at that age, was wise enough to know that it was no time or place to start anything disagree- able and so the matter has never been settled satisfactorily to me, although I am obliged to admit that fifty years is a long time to hold a grudge. What became of old Max? Oh, yes, about six months later old Max died an ig- nominous death by getting cornered in a corn crib and bunted to death by a pet lamb. The writer was invited to attend the obsequies and I am quite positive I never prepared for a funeral with more cheerfulness and alacrity than on this particular occasion. I, however, was not allowed to participate in the services other than to stand around with my hat off and furnish gloom. Bill laid him away tenderly in a recently made excavation on an adjacent hillside in the shade of a magnificent dogwood. 3efore turning sadly away from the freshly made mound, Bill remarked that he would erect some kind of a marker if he could think of something fitting for an epitaph. I suggested, “Glory be to the Lamb,” and Bill didn’t speak to me again for three weeks. Honest Groceryman. —_—_+-+—____ What Rubber Owes to Tea. Had it not been for the fact that tea leaves require shade during their growth, the Malay Peninsula, which last year produced 50 per cent. of the world’s rubber supply, to-day would probably be unknown as a rubber pro- ducing district. There was a time, not long ago, when the only commodity produced in commercial quantities in Malay was tea. The only difficulty experienced was to find shade for the growing plants. Finally some man a little more progressive than the rest de- termined to plant something between his tea rows that would yield him a profit, As rubber trees give much shade and grow rapidly, he imported the rubber trees to shade his tea gardens. —_e--. Many a man who knows that there is room at the top sits down and waits for the elevator. > > zy » 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 33 WE WANT THE RETAILER’S DOLLAR AND WILL GIVE HIM HIS DOLLAR’S WORTH . NATIONAL GROCER COMPANY Michigan’s Largest Grocery Jobbers With Jobbing Houses at _ Detroit Grand Rapids Traverse City Jackson Lansing Bay City Saginaw Port Huron Cadillac pe Escanaba Sault Ste. Marie , South Bend, Ind. and Decatur, IIl. peo General Offices and Mills 29 to 35 West Larned St. DETROIT, MICHIGAN 34 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 EVOLUTION IN BANKING. Great Changes Which Past Years Have Wrought. It is a far cry, historically, from that first assumption of human shape to the earth of to-day, where mankind has har- nessed to work for his comfort or his own destruction the forces of nature in earth, water and the enveloping at- mosphere. The mind must travel almost as rapidly to grasp at the passing glance the evolution from the first banker, who, enjoying a greater security and responsi- bility than his neighbor, undertakes for him the storage of his valuables, later his coin or bullion, and still later loans the actual money to another at interest profitable to both the bailor and bailee, to the present banker with his efficient handling of the modern instrumentalities of credit, without which the existing fabric of commercial life would be im- possible, and whose leisure is unstint- ingly given to the welfare of his com- munity. It would not be reasonable to expect, nor would history verify such a conclu- sion, that evolution in plant and animal life has at all times proceeded with the same degree of rapidity. The end of some geological periods may have shown to the observer on another planet but little advance over the beginning of that same period, while sometimes a few years, relatively, may have shown a greater progress for which the preced- ing centuries were but the preparation. As I read the history of banking in this and other countries it seems clear that the advance in the usefulness of banks to the community has been greater in the last generation than in all the pre- ceding eras since the first bankers be- ean to loan their surplus funds from a bench in street or park. It is also per- haps not extravagant to suggest that the events of the last two years have pro- vided for further and greater evolution in banking methods, even if not yet fully consummated. The present widen- ing field is largely due to two causes __the Federal reserve act and the Euro- pean war. One of the most significant changes which these two causes working to- gether have produced is the growing use of acceptances as replacing open ac- counts between wholesaler and retailer, and the one name promissory note as between the banker and his customers. London has always been, until the last few month, the international set- tlement, point or clearing house not only for the transaction between the United States and England, but actually between the United States and every other country in the world, including those with whom we ought to have had direct financial connections, like the South American countries. By an in- genious system of lending not money, but the credit of her great banks, Lon- don has, for centuries, financed the world’s international trade. It is very interesting to note how imports from China and Japan from all the countries of the East, are financed. How do they get here to the United States? Who pays for them and in what manner? Who lends the credit from the time the shipper starts them until the ultimate consumer purchases them? We will take an illustration that will involve the greatest possible number of points. We will suppose that a sik manufac- turer in Newark, New Jersey, has bought ten bales of raw silk in Hong- kong. How is he going to pay for it? How is he going to get it here? How is the merchant in Hongkong going to know that he will get the money? Well, you might say he could draw a draft and accompany it by a bill of lading, to be delivered on payment of the draft. But the Hongkong merchant knows nothing about his customer, or any bank in obscure Newark. The draft might not be paid and he would have the ex- pense of the return of his goods, or submit to a resale at a possible sacrifice, and besides, he does not want to wait that long for his money. He knows the credit of London banks; and that if his marine insurance and then makes a draft on the London bank, which has agreed to accept it at the request of the New York bank. He takes it to his local bank in Hongkong, which at once gives him the money. Why will a draft on London, rather than elsewhere, accomplish this? Be- cause drafts drawn on London, an ac- ceptance of which has been previously arranged, are readily negotiable every- where. England, as the great creditor nation, with its vast income, had the money to do these things, and they also had the machinery, because London has branch banks all over the earth, wher- ever commerce moves. Let us go ahead with our illustration. The Chinese merchant has loaded the silk, has negotiated the draft on this London bank, which has agreed to ac- cept it and has started his silk for the W. T. Abbott. some London bank “accepts” this draft he will get his money at once. The silk manufacturer in Newark goes to his banker in New York and arranges with him to issue a letter of credit, in his favor, with some London bank. That letter of credit is an in- struction to the London bank to honor the drafts of the Chinese merchant, up to certain amounts for so much silk, with a full description of the goods and terms of payment. Then having ar- ranged his letter of credit, the New York bank having cabled the London bank to accept the draft of Chung Wan Lung in Hongkong for these ten bales of raw silk, he cables his instructions to China. The Chinese merchant puts the silk onto a ship, gets the bill of lad- ing from the company, which he en- dorses to the New York bank which issued the letter of credit, arranges for United States. The Hongkong bank has paid the Chinese merchant his mon- ey and he is out of the transaction. He got his money when the silk was loaded. That is what he wanted. The Hong- kong bank is either a branch of some London bank or else has a correspond- ent in London to whom it sends that draft. The London bank which received that draft from its Hongkong corres- pondent takes it to the London bank which has agreed, at the request of the New York bank, to make the accept- ance: that London bank writes across the face of that draft, accepted, for whatever date is the time of credit agreed on between the two people in the original transaction. The accepting bank retains the evidence of the owner- ship of the silk, and sends those to the bank in New York at whose instance it has accepted this draft. Now until that draft comes due the London bank is out of the transaction. This bill of lading, issued in China, is made payable to the order of this New York banker. The papers evidencing the ownership of the silk are now in New York, and perhaps by that time the silk has reached Seattle and is on the way to New York. The silk manufacturer in Newark now must get the bill of lading turned over to him before he can get his silk. The subsequent proceedings depend upon his credit. If his credit is good, the banker will surrender the bill of lading and, until a few days before the draft in London is due, will carry the account without security. If, however, his cred- it is not very good, and the New York bank requires some other security after it gives up the bill of lading, it is passed over to him on some form of trust receipt in which he agrees to account to the bank for the proceeds of the silk when sold. Now before the draft becomes due in London, Mr. Newark manufacturer has had time to work up his silk into the finished product, sell it and get his money. About twelve days before the due date, having sold his silk and re- ceived his money or notes of his cus- tomers, he goes to the New York bank- er, pays him the necessary amount to cover the draft which is remitted in some form to the London bank which has made the acceptance, discharges the debt there, the London bank pays the accepted draft on its due date, and the transaction is closed. Let us review what has been accom- plished. The Chinese merchant got his money the minute the silk left China. The man in Newark, didn’t have to pay for it until he had worked it up and sold it. The London bank who made that acceptance and who had carried the whole transaction from the beginning to the end has never loaned a dollar. What is it they have loaned? Their great credit, and that is all. It has never been out a dollar in the transac- tion. By loaning their credit they have carried the financial burden to the satis- faction of all parties, for a compensa- tion much less than for the loan of actual money. You might think that coffee from Brazil shipped to Chicago could be financed in some way by a direct trans- action between Brazil and Chicago, but it never has been so done until the last six months. Formerly such a pur- chase and sale was completed exactly the same as the shipment from China. Until lately we have had neither the machinery nor the basic credit to do this kind of business for ourselves. The Federal reserve act created the ma- chinery through its provisions that “any member bank may accept drafts or bills of exchange drawn upon it and growing out of transactions involving the im- portation or exportation of goods, hav- ing not more than six months’ sight to run.” The exigencies of the European war, our diminished imports and our enor- mous exports of breadstuffs, cotton and varied products of the soil, the mines and factories have increased our gold reserve to the point where New York has become the world’s money center. (s ld rk October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN OLD NATIONAL BANK GRAND RAPIDS. MICH. 117 MONROE AVENUE Complete Banking Service Travelers’ Cheques Letters of Credit Safety Deposit Vaults Foreign Drafts Savings Department Commercial Department Our 3% Per Cent Savings Certificates Capital, Surplus & Undivided Profits, $1,750,000 are a desirable investment. Total Resources, $10,800,000 HE steady increase in the business of TL gas, electric and steam heating plants, intelligently managed and located in prosper- ous, substantial communities, argues favor- ably for the Preferred and Common stock of the American Public Utilities Company Managed by KELSEY, BREWER & CO. 10th Floor Grand Rapids Savings Bldg. GRAND RAPIDS “So Long as Cities Continue to Grow, Their Gas, Electric and Transportation Properties Will Grow With Them.” « « « « « « United Light & Railways Co. Controls Gas, Electric and Transprtation Properties Supplying Service to a Popula- tion Aggregating 538,117. The Communities Served are located in the most fertile section of the Middle West— in the States of Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Tennessee. The growth of these Communities in the Census period of 1900-1910 was at the average rate of 33.17 per cent. an average increase per annum of 3.32 per cent. State, School or Directory Census of these communities for 1915 indicates that this average increase per annum has been ex- ceeded in the five years since the last Federal Census, showing a Prosperous Con- dition to exist. The Gas, Electric and Transportation Properties Serving These Communities Have Kept Pace with the Growth of their Population. This makes for Stability of Earnings, and ‘Stability of Earnings Establishes Security.”’ The Bonds, Notes and Preferred Stocks of UNITED LIGHT & RAILWAYS COM- PANY are based on such properties, show- ing a high percentage of [ncrease in Earn- ing Power from year to year. Investment of Savings requires the most careful investigation of all conditions sur- rounding the Securities offered to investors. Reputable Brokers are supplied with all material details concerning the operations of this Company, and will impart this in- formation on request. We have made a fair beginning in the use of bank acceptances in payment for imports, at least those from our near neighbors. We have not yet mastered the problem which our boundless re- sources and the misfortune of others have created as to financing our ex- ports. Last fall we awoke to the fact that the continued decrease in the price of exchange here and corresponding in- crease in London, the pound sterling having fallen from 4.86 to below 4.60, was fraught with serious consequences to ourselves. The gold point as ex- plained before had long ago been reach- ed. The bankers were having to charge so much more for drafts on us to pay for our exports because of the large supply of bills in New York and the small supply in London as against our imports from there, that the rate charg- ed by London bankers had reached the point where it was cheaper to ship the gold. But it is not best for Europe nor for us to have too much of their gold ship- ped here; for them it means a decrease in their gold reserve and a lessening of their ability to buy our exports. For us it means, with those abnormal] amounts of gold here, higher prices for com- modities, low interest rates, and an irre- sistible temptation to inflation, which is in turn, always and everlastingly follow- ed by a panic in which people like our- selves are the greatest sufferers. The diagnosis is easy. We have been slow to recognize the remedy and accept the responsibility. As the world’s greatest creditor Na- tion, we have got to do for ourselves what London has always done for us. They have financed our exports and our imports to and from every corner of the globe for a great many years. The situation is now reversed. Whether we like it or not, we have got to become international bankers, and finance the world’s commerce as London has done before. We are now compelled to be lenders of both money and credit—we cannot sell where we do not buy. Trade must be reciprocated. Our old customers can no longer pay for the goods we send them or lend us credit to pay for what they send us. This is the market in which they will try to sell, when the war is over. The greater credit we build in Europe now, the stronger will our position be then. The more credit we extend now, the greater will be our ability to pay our debts in foreign countries later on and at the same time protect our gold stock. For our own protection, we must keep open every channel of free sales of our grain, cotton and manufactures abroad. We must arrange for credits in this country against which they may draw to settle for their commodities. It is an absolutely selfish proposition to us. Don’t imagine for one minute that London has willingly placed herself in this position. London is not at all pleased that we are taking the place to-day that she has occupied and she will make a desperate struggle to get it back when the war is over. If we do not provide these credits in some manner out of our vast resources, our foreign customers will curtail their purchases and our producers will lose MICHIGAN TRADESMAN their market. We thus have a personal and selfish interest in building up their purchasing power by giving them such credits as our ability permits and their standing warrants. An enquiry on your part as to how all this affects a banker in the interior of Michigan would certainly not be impertinent—in fact, it would not be un- expected. It is of vital interest to you, nevertheless. While it is true that New York will be the greatest bene- ficiary in the use of acceptance in the financing of exports and imports, other large cities will have their share. The same principles exactly apply to the ac- ceptance of inland bills of exchange, and through their agency in the smaller towns the banks will accept for the retail merchant, and in the larger cities; such bills will be drawn and accepted against movements of grain and all the raw materials of manufacturing. Two causes have kept back the de- velopment of a discount market with us. First, the National banking act. This did not prohibit acceptances specifically, but the courts held that a National bank had no power to lend its credit, and therefore could not make an acceptance. The second cause is the widespread, al- most universal system of settling debts by check. We have seen that the ac- ceptance of a bill of exchange by a bank amounts to lending its credit, not to the loan of cash. Acceptances may be taken within reasonable limits with- out affecting the bank’s reserve. It is thus the cheapest instrumentality of credit. It is the most effective, in that such an instrument possesses all the functions of money in discharging in- debtedness, and as such becomes an integral part of the monetary system of the country. The mere writing of the word “Accepted” across the face of the bill with a signature of an inter- nationally known bank, changes the character of that bill from an unknown instrument which would pass current if at all only in the locality where the drawer and drawee were known, to an instrument acceptable anywhere in banking circles. The commercial effect is to change a bill of exchange drawn perhaps by an unknown merchant in some little town on another no better known, to the promise to pay of a well known banking corporation whose name is synonymous with all that is good, and will circulate with the same readiness as the notes of that bank which have been hitherto in ordinary circulation. The power of.a bank to accept a bill of exchange enables it to sell for gain the credit it enjoys without partaking with a dollar of reserve. It lends, not cash, but.credit. It holds no reserve against its acceptances, for as they fall due it is expected that the drawees will have funds in the banker’s hands to meet the obligation. The European war, with the violent and the unprecedented changes which it made in international financing, created the necessity for this to us new instrumentality of credit, The Federal reserve act created the machinery by which it could be accom- plished. No test has yet been made of the functions of the Federal Reserve Bank in providing additional currency in times of panic. Most state banks who joined the system probably paid in their share of the capital stock in the Federal Reserve Bank of their district as in the nature of an insurance prem- ium for obtaining additional currency should it be needed. The provisions of the Federal reserve act, however, for the rediscount of acceptances, both of banks and such trade acceptances as bear upon their face proper evidence of © being drawn against actual commercial transactions, make it possible to use these instrumentalities of credit in the place of actual money. The Federal Reserve Board has by its regulation further and more clearly defined the meaning of trade acceptances and bank- ers’ acceptances, which regulations of course require careful study before extensive operations should be engaged in. The advantages claimed for the use of acceptances as against the ‘open ac- count system between merchants are that it is advantageous alike to the seller and buyer of goods; it brings about a closer relationship and inspires a greater mutual confidence, which is the basis of all commerce and credit; it enables the seller to dispose of his goods to better advantage because it gives him increased and improved facil- ities for financing his business through the possession of a favorable and liquid credit. Each buyer is also a seller; each seller is also a buyer. The trade acceptance benefits both in an equal degree. Also the trade acceptances en- ables business to be transacted at a smaller operating cost; it reduces the amount of losses through bad debts; it affords adequate relief from the ten- dency to take so-called “cash discounts” after their legitimate term has expired. It does not decrease buying power, but is a safeguard against overbuying. The advantage to banks has already been thoroughly discussed. It is ably sum- marized by the Federal Reserve Board as follows: “Bills should be essentially self-liqui- dating. Safety requires not only that bills held by the Federal reserve banks should be of short and well-distributed maturities, but, in addition, should be of such character that it is reasonably certain that they can be collected when they mature. They ought to be essen- tially ‘self-liquidating,” or, in other words, should represent in every case some distinct step or stage in the pro- ductive or distributive process—the pro- gression of goods from producer to con- sumer. The more nearly these steps approach the final consumer, the smaller will be the amount involved in each transaction as represented by the bill, and the more automatically self-liqui- dating will be its character. “Double name paper drawn on a pur- chase against an actual sale of goods affords, from an economic point of view, prima facie evidence of the char- acter of the transaction from which it arose. Single name notes, now so free- ly used in the United States, may rep- resent the same kind of transactions as those bearing two names. Inasmuch, however, as the single name paper does not show on its face the character of the transaction out of which it arose—an admitted weakness of this form of paper —it is incumbent upon each Federal reserve bank to insist that the character October 25, 1916 of the business and the general status of the concern supplying such paper should be carefully examined in order that the discounting bank may be cer- tain that no such single name paper has been issued for purposes excluded by the act, such as investments of a per- manent or speculative nature. Only careful enquiry on these points will render it safe and proper for a Federal reserve bank to consider such paper a ‘seld-liquidating’ investment at matur- ity.” A general advantage perfectly appar- ent to the most casual observer is en- larged credit, assuming that it is re- strained within proper limits, and in the view of many, bills of exchange drawn against the necessary commodities for human existence are as sound a secur- ity as that which has hitherto been back of National bank notes. More than eighty years ago Daniel Webster used this language before the Senate of the United States, upon which I doubt if any improvement was made by any ad- yocate for the passage of the Federal reserve act: “Commercial credit is the creation of modern times, and belongs in its highest perfection only to the most enlightened and best governed nations. “Credit is the vital air of the system of modern commerce. It has done more —a thousand times more—to enrich na- tions than all the mines of all the world. It has excited labor, stimulated manu- factures, pushed commerce over every sea, and brought every nation, every kingdom, and every small tribe among the races of men to be known to all the rest. It has raised armies, equipped navies, and triumphing over the gross power of mere numbers, it has estab- lished National superiority on the foun- dation of intelligence, wealth and well- directed industry. “Credit is to money what money is to articles of merchandise. As hard mon- ey represents property, so credit repre- sents hard money, and it is capable of supplying the place of money so com- pletely that there are writers of distinc- tion who insist that no hard money is necessary for the interests of commerce. I am not of that opinion. I do not think any government can maintain an ex- clusive paper system without running to excess, and thereby causing deprecia- tion. “T hold the immediate convertibility of bank notes into specie to be an in- dispensable security for their retain- ing their value. But consistently with this security, and indeed founded upon it, credit becomes the great agency of exchange. It increases consumption by anticipating products, and supplies pres- ent wants out of future means. As it circulates commodities without the actual use of gold and silver, it not only saves much by doing away with the con- stant transportation of the precious metals from place to place, but also accomplishes exchanges with a degree of dispatch and punctuality not other- wise to be attained. “All bills of exchange, all notes run- ning upon time, as well as the paper circulation of the banks, belong to the system of commercial credit. They are parts of one great whole. We should I ¥ yw ’ , i] (3 o> , f ‘ a.- ? y a ~4¢ if bd = * F as Ae @ + a oN i ¢ ? October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 37 r ’ é 4 ‘ » s - * --> f) 3 if Bg aa we? Es is : Le te : aieaeihaetem enn anmcane mine nce eet ilenc ok ra: earn : i . : “WHOLESALE DRUG aioe 9) 2a CO. ee E a ¥ « ? The Home of the Hazeltine & Perkins Drug Co. Corner of Oakes St. and Commerce Ave. Three Hundred Feet from Main Entrance to Union Depot We invite you to call and make yourself at home We are also celebrating our anniversary, but ours is the Forty-third We began business in 1873 | Hazeltine & Perkins Drug Co. Grand Rapids, Mich. Ge D> CP 38 protect this system with increasing watchfulness, taking care, on the one hand, to give it full and fair play, and, on the other, to guard it against dan- gerous excess.” We have traced thus far evolution or progress in the methods of the bank- er’s daily routine. The relations be- tween the banker and the community generally have undergone no less a change. This has been due, first, to the banker’s willingness to meet half way the public curiosity regarding the busi- ness of other people, in removing him- self from the splendid isolation which formerly characterized him; in other words, in removing the mystery’ sur- rounding the business of banking. We are living in an era apparently new in American life, but which was really old when Rameses ruled Egypt. It is the age of curiosity as to other people’s business, and an urgent desire to regu- late the other man in the conduct of that business, especially if he is making more money than we are. It is essen- tially an era of explanation, of taking the public into the confidence of business men. The reason why men have not understood each other is that the un- informed man has an opinion of the banker as erroneous as he has of law and judges. This in the last few years has been inspired and increased by the attitude of muckraking magazines to- wards courts and prominent business men. The majority of people in criti- cizing the calling and habits of other men, do so with no information or with a lot of misinformation. This mental attitude of unrest, of desire for change. of apparent assumption that every new and untried thing is a reform, finds its worst expression in the multiplicity of remedies which are assumed to exist and be put into operation by every self- starting reformer who is_ regulating everybody’s business except his own. Out of the multiplicity of remedies each is prejudiced in favor of his own, and assumes that every other one is all wrong. This is true whether the so- called reform be in line with industrial, social, political, financial, or even ar- tistic activities. Fortunately bankers seeing these proceedings rapidly put in effect against railroads and industrial combinations, have to a large extent seen fit to meet and anticipate this not unnatural human motive, and by remov- ing the mystery from the business of banking, and explaining what it is in- stead of what others think it is, there has been created more tolerance and more fairness each to the other, and by so doing bankers have in part at least avoided going into the limbo of railroad and industrial regulation. The changed attitude of the banker to the community has its basis in well founded reasons. A bank is a public institution. It derives its right to exist from the state. Its welfare depends upon the confidence of the public, and the capital, surplus and deposits are by no means the sole basis of this confi- dence. In a church nine-tenths of the influence is exerted by the preacher, no matter how costly the edifice or or- gan or however attractive the choir; so with the bank, the confidence of the public depends upon the personality of its officers and the extent to which the MICHIGAN TRADESMAN personality pervades the atmosphere of the situation. Deriving its right to exist from the state, and its power to exist (i. e., its deposits) from the community, it like- wise owes to the community service in some form by its responsible heads, outside of loaning back to that commu- nity, in pawnbroker fashion, the funds which it has deposited. There are two kinds of socialism. With one, the enforced division of prop- erty, I have no sympathy, because it is wrong in principle, and its effect would be but temporary. There is arother kind—a division of brains, or of the use of them, which is right in principle and of lasting benefit. The brain worker, especially when those brains are sup- plemented with money, can in a very few hours a day, or perhaps a few horus a week, procure the income necessary for his own comfortable living. Is it not the plain duty of such a man, as an act of real practical socialism, to divide with the community the further prod- uct of his brain effort? To paraphrase Shakespeare’s words. If he divides property, his purse, he is dividing trash. If he divides with others his brain power, he robs himself not at all and makes the community rich in- deed. I find an apt parallel in the modern possibility of service to the community by the banker, in an ancient New Eng- land institution, now unhappily as ex- tinct as the dodo. Two or three gen- erations ago, whenever grandfather feil off the haynow, or three or four of the numerous children were sick at once, who appeared upon the scene to do the work now required by one doctor, two nurses, three house maids, a butler and a chauffeur? The old maid aunt—plain and severe in outline, and more plainly and severely clad, but always there. To- day, the family require the exclusive services of all the attendants I have named; the old maid aunt is extinct, or in office, store or factory, demonstrating that if she had been holding the position in the tenth century that she held in the twentieth there, would have been no dark ages. What she did for the communities of the 60’s and 70’s, is incumbent upon bankers to-day. Let us carry the paral- lel further. How could she do it? She had time, she did not have money, she did not need any. She had time. No- body has any time to-day, except after he has made his pile. The banker is’ the only one apparently capable of di- viding his brain power with the com- munity before he is mentally dead. Is it not a wise thing to recognize this, while one has the income, and is sur- rounded by helpful and responsible as- sociates, and before he has become em- balmed or fossilized? Service of this sort by the banker in the smaller town is necessarily in con- nection with the local activities; in co- operation with the farmer to secure better roads, better schools and better agriculture. In the cities the activities are necessarily different. They consist in the contribution of both brains and money, to art institutes, to more and better music, to the creation and main- tenance of public parks and playgrounds, to scores of general charities, and in general, bring to the less fortunate in the cities some atmosphere of the country in which the soul of the worker may expand and not shrivel and decay. One way in which the banker is break- ing down this barrier is through his free advice to his neighbor (whether a cus- tomer of his bank or not) regarding in- vestments. To the fullest extent that people will consult him he is ready and desirous to save them from themselves —from their own folly—in putting their hard earned savings into those danger- ously speculative and actually worthless securities of which presently the only memory is a beautiful engraved certifi- cate reposing in the sewing machine drawer or between the leaves of the family Bible. His time is theirs if they would only recognize it, and this sort of service is given to school teachers, professional men and . wage earners alike, from the banker’s own common sense and experience and without the incentive of blue sky legislation. The preservation of the human ele- ment in banking reaches its highest point through the trust department. Every piece of business transacted involves personal contact. Here is the great school for developing the virtues of courtesy and patience. Between the president of a great cor- poration, the mortgagor in some bond issue seeking the certification and de- livery of escrow bonds on the one hand, and the small investor cashing his only semi-annual coupon and struggling with his ownership certificate on the other, there is a wide gap. So there is between the customer negotiating the transfer of a thousand share certificate of stock and the poor devil who comes in to file a claim in some bankruptcy receiver- ship, and who must wait months before receiving any dividends, if he ever does. So, likewise between the rich heir waiting for his expectancy through your settlement of his uncle’s estate, and the poor ignorant widow almost afraid to enter the door of your bank, with whom some railroad or industrial com- pany has just settled her claim for the negligent killing of her husband, and the court has made us guardian of the little wealth of her five or six children. All need the same forbearance. The necessity of a careful and courteous ex- plantation of why this can be done and why that can not be done is not measured by garments. It goes every day and all day alike to the wearers of serge and worsted and the faded shawl. Ignorance must be dealt with kindly, and a firm hand as frequently restrain over-grasping shrewdness and intelligence. The trust company of to-day finds its exact parallel in the old English solicit- or, he of the Dickens novel and the stage. A kindly soul was he, and in his care and keeping were the welfare and property of his clients from their birth and even before, through lives full of struggles with tenants and shares, land laws and vague reforms, until he passed at last to the undiscover- ed country. Save in the surroundings in which we work, the parallel is exact. Whatever his faults, the instances were rare of unfaithfulness to the trusts which custom and family necessity or tradition placed in his hands. October 25, 1916 The trust company, it is true, is a corporation, and on the paper of the statute books which prescribe the meth- od of its organization and define its powers is, in cold reason, no different from any other. In practice and in fact it is very different. A trust company official, whose life is a combination of banking and philanthropy, and to whose brain or heart no appeal ever went in vain, said: “When the legislature breathed the breath of life into the trust company, it performed tue greatest act since creation’s dawn—it made a corporation with a soul.” This is no exaggeration. If evolution teaches anything of practical value, it is that the greatest success of any spec- ies, the survival of the truly fittest, is accomplished through love and sacrifice, through sociability and co-operation. In preserving the human element in bank- ing through the trust department, you may find that incidentally you have been educating some one to use, through him- self or friends, others of your agencies. Whether you do this or not, it should be some solace in your own weary hours to know that you have sometimes helped to brush aside the widow’s tears and caused the orphan’s heart to leap for joy. W. T. Abbott, Vice-President Central Trust Com- pany of Chicago. —_+2>—_—_ Window Backgrounds. No druggist neglects his show win- dows intentionally, but his enthusiasm skids now and then because he does not know iust what to do. He recog- nizes the windows as a part of his selling force, but perhaps has not carefully studied the physical aspects of this willing worker. First the window must have proper ventilation and drainage or there will be frosting and fogging in winter, which means that the window will be on “sick leave” at full pay. Frost- proof window construction is not ex- pensive. : Good lighting is a necessity. As a rule it costs no more to light a win- dow properly than to do it in a hap- hazard way. It all lies in a judicious choice of fixtures selected because of their special appropriateness to the window. Exposed lamps, of course, unless used for ornamental purposes, are no longer seen in up-to-date win- dows. The light sources in the win- dows should be concealed as far as possible. The background is the most. essen- tial feature in any window display. It stands in the same relation to the mer- chandise as a stage setting does to the actors. You should not strive to get people to simply admire the background, but should use it to bring out the strong selling qualities of the goods you display. The background must be neutral in harmony and de- sign. Some stores have permanent back- grounds, generally made of mirrors, or mahogany or other hard wood, and ornamented in some modest classic style—Red Cross Messenger. ———_> +> —__ The atmosphere of a store reflects the personality of the heads. There is food for thought in-this. October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN | :)Soe RNR Ra RN KEEPING ABREAST OF THE TIMES A visit to our salesrooms is enough to convince you that gas lighting keeps its place in the van guard of the march of progress. Aside from the many and beautiful new designs in table lamps, floor lamps, silk shades of this year, we show an entirely new unit —the C. E. Z. (see easy) gas light. This brand new lighting unit is a marked departure from the old styles in both artistic adaptability and practical usefulness. The quality of its hght is superb — it combines the ease on eyes of the semi-indirect and the economy of the direct methods of lighting. It is one of the greatest improvements in Gas Lighting of recent years. Don’t fail to see the display at our salesrooms. GAS COMPANY < Citizens 4321 Bell M. 637 ys yy pu fr a ( / nr ior a to mn hie Protect Your Health WEAR GENUINE Bear bral RUBBER and U.S. Patent Pressure Process Boots UNITED STATES RUBBER CO. Toledo Branch: 20-22 NORTH HURON ST. - TOLEDO, OHIO ’ Wholesale Distributors 40 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 THE MILLING INDUSTRY. The Annual Volume Now Exceeds Five Millions. Written for the Tradesman. The grinding of grain into flour in the city of Grand Rapids, dates back eighty-two years, to 1834, at which time there was brought here by the United States Government two mill- stones for the use of the Indians and white settlers. These millstones were placed in the Indian mission sawmill which was located on Indian Creek near the Railway Junction at the northwest city limits. Power was furnished by damming the creek. The flow of water was not sufficient to enable the mill to run full time and it could only grind about half the time. The stones were also of poor quality. They ground the first corn for the Indians and pioneers and also were used in the grinding of gypsum for the making of stucco in 1835. This mill was aban- doned about the year 1837. The two old time millstones used in this first Grand Rapids mill now serve as sen- tries to our Kent Museum. In 1836-37 Dwight and James Ly- man built a grist mill on Coldbrook creek, just above the old Grand Trunk Railroad station. A man named Fish and following him John C. Stone- house operated the mill. In 1838 this mill was also used for grinding gyp- sum and the making of plaster of paris. A second set of stones was placed in the mill by Charles W. Taylor and some wood building ma- chinery was also installed. This was a very popular custom mill and the flour found a ready sale. In 1861-62 it was operated by Asa- bel Hubbard. The stream did not have sufficient flow during the dry season to run the mill steadily and later its operation became unprofitable and the flour making machinery was re- moved. On February 28, 1880, the building was destroyed by a heavy windstorm. In the year 1836 there was built what came to be known as the “Big Mill.” It was erected on the river bank, just about opposite the foot of Hastings street. Until the time that railroad com- munication reached our city there were only two grist mills supplying the flour demand of Grand Rapids. The Kent grist mill was built by John W. Squires in 1842-43 and was owned and operated by him for near- ly thirty years. The milling machin- ery was brought down Grand River in boats from Jackson. Its product was in brisk demand, both at home and abroad. The mill was destroyed by fire in 1872. Previ- ous to its destruction by fire it was operated for a few years by Henry Grinnell & Co. The Valley City Mills, located north of Michigan avenue near the new Grand Trunk depot, were built in 1867 by A. X. Cary & Co. They were purchased by the Valley City Milling Co. in the year 1884, at which time C. G. Swensberg was President, M. S. Crosby, Vice-President and William N. Rowe, Manager. The Star Mills, located just south of West Bridge street, on the west bank of the river, were built by Hib- bard & Mangold in 1868. In the year 1870 the firm became Hibbard, Man- gold & Co. and in 1881 it became & G. A. Voigt & Co. The firm consisting of C. G. A. Voigt, W. G. Herpol- sheimer and Louisa Mangold. The Globe Mill was also built in the year 1868 and was erected just south of Michigan avenue, on the west side of Mill street. It was built by G. M. Huntley and C. A. Moross and was used chiefly as a custom mill. In 1873 an elevator was added to the mill. at which time the mill was oper- ated by Jesse Widoe. Later I. W. Wood operated it until the same was purchased by the Valley City Milling Co. 1875 by Hibbard, Rose & Co. The C. G. A. Voigt Milling Co. secured control of the Crescent Mills in 1881. The Watson & Frost Co., operating a wholesale feed business prior to 1908, erected a flour mill in that year on the Pere Marquette Railway at Second street. The firm consisted of Frank F. Watson, President; Marcus A. Frost, Vice-President; William Mounteer, Treasurer; John A. Hig- gins, Secretary. In 1912 the business name was changed to the Watson- Higgins Milling Co., Mr. Watson re- maining President and Norman O’Dell. Vice-President; J. A. Higgins, Secretary and Treasurer. This com- pany makes a specialty of wheat flour and buckwheat flour. The milling industry of Grand Rap- ids has developed from the small cus- William S. Rowe. The Model Mills were built by W. W. Hatch and Henry Mitchell in 1881 and were located on Winter street, south of West Bridge street. This plant was especially equipped for the manufacture of roller process flour. It was operated in this location for a period of three years and then passed into the control of Herburt P. and Harry L. Blanchard. Later this mill was purchased by J. W. Converse and QO. E. Brown, who moved the mill to the present location, on the G. R. & I. Railway and Scribner avenue. The building was enlarged and an elevator of 75,000 bushels storage capacity was added, also storage for 7,000 barrels of flour. The Model Mills were pur- chased by the Valley City Milling Co. in the year 1890. The Crescent Mills, at the west end of Pearl street bridge, were built in tom grist mill of 1834 to the large roller process flour mills of to-day, well equipped with the most modern milling machinery which years of milling and the science of flour mill- ing has evolved. The annual maximum capacity of the combined milling plants in our city is at the present time 650,000 barrels of flour and 52,000,000 pounds of millstuff (bran and middlings). If this output were all shipped away from Grand Rapids, it would require 3,250 ireight cars in which to load the flour and 1,300 freight cars to carry the millstuff. The wheat necessary to make this amount of flour equals approximately 2,250,000 bushels. In money at the present cost of wheat and the value of flour and millstuff this output of flour and feed would have a value in round numbers of $5,200,000. Our city owes this marvelous ad- vancement in the milling industry to the fertility of our Michigan farms, together with the ideal climatic con- ditions which effect the composition of Michigan wheat and especially so grain which is grown in the Grand River Valley and tributary to the Grand Rapids mills. This wheat has a peculiar composition different from that of any other wheat grown which not only imparts beautiful pure white color but also gives to the finished product a most delicious and_pal- atable flavor. Thus it has come about that Grand Rapids milled flour has won a most enviable reputation, both at home and abroad. The superior quality of the manufactured product is recognized everywhere and the integrity and business ability of our Grand Rapids millers is adding continually to the prosperity of our community. William S. Rowe. Nursie Knew. Former President Taft tells one on himself: “There is a lad of my acquaintance in New Haven,” said Mr. Taft, “who used to bite his nails. ‘See here,’ said his nurse to him one day, ‘if you keep biting your nails: like that, do you know what will happen to yous?’ “‘No”’ said the youngster. ‘What?’ “*Vou’'ll swell up like a balloon and burst.” “The boy believed his nurse. He stopped biting his nails at once. About a month after the discontinu- ance of his habit he encountered me at luncheon. He surveyed me with stern disapproval. Then he walked over and said to me accusingly: “You bite your nails!” this —_>2->———- He Thought It Over. Mr. Early was an elderly bachelor. He had grown weary of living alone and determined to marry. For along time he had known the widow Kim- ball, and he asked her to be his wife. The question was a complete surprise to her, and her reply was a confused “No.” After reflecting a few days, how- ever, she reconsidered the matter, and when she met Mr. Early she said: “By the way, Mr. Early, do you re- member the question you asked me the other day?” Mr. Early said that he did. “Well,” she continued, “I’ve been thinking the matter over and I’ve changed my mind.” “So have I,” replied the bachelor. —_22.>—____ Doing the Man’s Part. “You admit you overheard the quarrel between the defendant and his wife?” “Yis, sor, I do,” stoutly maintained the witness. “Tell the court, if you can, what he seemed to be doing.” “He seemed to be doin’ the listen- ing.” —_——_2+- Sometimes. “Telephones are great time-savers, aren’t they?” “Well, that depends upon who calls you up.” aaa Pe a é Lg as i» October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 41 ‘Thanks! Gentlemen Retail Grocers Wholesale Distributors For your interest and energy in making our ‘WHITE HOUSE DWINELL-WRIGHT CO. BOSTON. —Principal Coffee Roasters.—-CHICAGO. a so easily obtainable as to cause it to become a household word in the section covered by your loyal enterprise in its behalf It is a compliment to us—of which we are very proud—and a compliment to the sterling qualities of the coffee we back up with our unequivocal guaranty. Take this to yourselves ye handlers of “‘White House’’---We thank you, heartily Our interests in this section entrusted to these wholesale distributors: JUDSON GROCER CO., Grand Rapids LEE & CADY, Detroit—Kalamazoo—Saginaw BAY CITY GROCER CO., Bay City GODSMARK, DURAND & CO., Battle Creek BROWN, DAVIS & WALKER, Jackson FIELBACH COMPANY, Toledo Boston -[)WINELL-WRIGHT CO. - —__ Physical Examination For All Who Handle Foods. The Indiana State Board of Health, through H. E. Barnard, State Food and Drug Commissioner, has issued an order, effective October 1, which will result in compulsory medical ex- amination and successful passing of such examinations by all persons em- ployed in food-handling establish- ments in the State. The medical inspection of such food handlers has been going on in some localities of the State for some time, but State-wide order is intended to compel such inspection and the elmin- ation of all persons affected with com- municable disease, or carriers of such disease, from food-handling occupa- tions throughout the State. The order to all inspectors of the State Board of Health carries a pen- alty for proprietors of such establish- ments who fail to comply with the law’s provisions. Wherever such an employer does not comply with the law hereafter his place of business will be reported as “bad” to the State Food and Drug Commissioner and he will thereupon act on a recom- mendation from the inspector that the place be “condemned” by the State 3oard of Health, the condemnation “to remain in force until the required medical certificates have been filed with the local health officer.” “Under the Sanitary Food law and the comprehensive rulings of the State Board of Health we are educat- ing or forcing every dealer in food— whether he be grocer, baker, butcher or restaurant proprietor—to maintain a clean shop and handle his stock in a sanitary way,” said Dr. Barnard in an interview. “But if the clerks, cooks and wait- ers who handle the food are suffer- ing from any form of communicable disease the protection the laws and rules seek to provide is broken down and the purpose of our excellent legis- lation defeated. “We know that typhoid fever is passed around by a carrier. The fly may be the agent, the polluted well may distribute the disease, careless nurs ng cause the second or third case in the family, the typhoid cook or the waiter may putt typhoid eerms on the food he serves you. And if it were possible to determine the real facts we should probably find that it is the typhoid carrier who han- dles our food in our stores, restaurants and kitchens at home who is most resposible for the typhoid that we have always with us. “We are tolerating polluted wells and filth-carrying flies to our shame and at great cost, but we are no long- er going to tolerate the typhoid car- rier in the store, public, kitchen or restaurant. “The food inspectors of the State Board of Health and the health of- ficers of every city and town are in- structed to visit hotels, restaurants, bakeries, ice cream parlors and soda stands and require of every employ- er that he has a medical certificate that declares him to be in good health and free from infectious and contagious disease, If the certificate is not forth- coming, or if it is evident that it is false, the establishment will be de- clared in violation of the Sanitary Food law and rules of the State Board of Health and condemned.” ——— oo A Reason. A sensible man loves not because he finds it profitable, but because in loving itself he finds Pascale. may happiness.— a Ot > Ot October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN King of Red Crown Gasoline RED CROWN GASOLINE is made for power and it serves this purpose with supreme efficiency. It is a product of scientific specialization, not of general utility guesswork. Its job is to put the push into internal com- bustion engines, and it is perfectly adapted to this work. If all gasoline looks alike to you, if you think of gas- oline as something made by nature, you should revise your viewpoint. Gasoline is a manufactured article and must be made differently to meet different needs, RED CROWN is made to yield Motor Power. That is its specialty, and it does this work with unrivaled efficiency. (INDIANA) CHICAGO, Also producers of POLARINE the perfect motor oil STANDARD OIL COMPANY U.& A. 46 CHANGES IN THE LAW Which Have Taken Place in Thirty- Three Years. Written for the Tradesman. Lord Mansfield, or some. other great English judge, once said, “If I were asked a question of common 1--- T would be ashamed if I could not answer it without looking it up. But if I were asked a question of statute law, I would be ashamed if | could answer it.” If that was his view one hundred years ago, what would he think if he could witness the light- ning changes of the present? During the period in question there have been seventeen regular, besides several special, sessions of the Legis- lature. The result has been many and oftentimes radical changes in the law of this State. This transitional con- dition has been sufficient to keep the best lawyers, much of the time, guess- ing what the law is. For no sooner do they think they have found out and are congratulating themselves on their discovery than along comes a flood of amendments, repeals and new enactments which unsettle everyth'ng again. These continual changes have been a prolific source of litigation and so the lawyers have no reason to com- plain. There are cases where sta- bility is preferable to experimental change, even if such change gives promise of some improvement. But then rising statesmen must have a chance for the exploitation of their ideas. It was not all fancy that in- spired Eugene Field to write: Ring out wild bells. thy merry peal As soon the joyful news is learned— Ring out with earnest, brazen. zeal— The Legislature has adjourned! Farewell to statesmen, one and all— Farewell to long oppressive ills— Farewell to blunders, big and small, To crazy laws and foolish bills. It is possible in the space at mv dis- posal to mention only a few of the changes which the statutory law . of the State has undergone during the past third of a century. One of the most notable changes has been the passage by Congress of the Bankruptcy Act of 1898. While that cannot be charged up against the Legislature, it has had a far reaching effect on some remedial State statutes. Before that it was a common practice for creditors to resort to writs of at- tachment to enforce payment of their accounts. In fact, that was a favorite remedy. One attachment would often bring on others against the same debtor until he was overwhelmed by a veritable deluge of attachments. Then it was a scramble among cred- itors to see which would obtain their pay in full, as the attachment liens took priority from the time each was levied. The reward was always to the diligent creditor who arrived first on the ground with his attachment. The State statutes providing for assign- ments for the benefit. of creditors were not compulsory and so were inade- quate. They were of no avail with- out the debtor’s consent and that was seldom obtainable. The Bankruptcy Act put a stop to attachments by making that remedy impracticable, because bankruptcy proceedings have the effect to dis- MICHIGAN TRADESMAN solve all attachments levied within four months of the time such proceed- ings are begun. That has so dis- couraged attaching creditors that they have stopped attempting to use this formerly effective remedy. The result is that there is no longer any reward for diligence and so it has ceased to be a virtue. The delays incident to bankruptcy proceedings have prov- ed a disappointment to creditors, but the Act is effective in preventing one creditor from gaining any undue ad- vantage over another and the result is an equitable distribution of the debtor’s property among them. expense and Creditors generally seem to prefer a trust mortgage in the hands of an efficient and honest trustee. When it can be obtained it affords a speedy and cheap means of settling an in- The increase in the number of priv- ate corporations in the last thirty- three years has led to the enactment of statutes regulating the organiza- tion and management of corporations ‘and prescribing the terms on which foreign corporations may be admit- ted to do business in Michigan. A corporation is an artificial being and exists only by the sufferance of the State. The State constitution pro- vides that they may be created only by general statutes and that such statutes may be amended or repealed at any time. At or near the beginning of the period of which we write corporations were Only organized for the purpose of carrying on large enterprises like railroads, steamship lines or mining, where it was necessary to get the capital required from a large number of investors, but now it is getting te Hon. Reuben Hatch solvent estate and on that account is preferable to bankruptcy proceed- ings. The existence of the bankruptcy statute, no doubt, makes the trust mortgage more efficacious than it would be without that statute, as the imminence of bankruptcy proceed- ings, in case of irregularities, furnishes an incentive to the trustee to go straight and close up the estate in such a manner as to realize the most for the creditors. Trustees sometimes make the mis- take of trying to continue the bus'ness under the trust mortgage. This seldom yields satisfactory results. The cred- itors will have to take their medicine sooner or later and the sooner the dose is taken the sooner it will be over. If the trustee attempts to run what was a failure to begin with, he will more than likely make a failure of it to end with. be the custom, no matter how small the undertaking, to form a corporation to carry it on. Formerly a man was willing to back his business with his own name. Now he must conceal it under a corporate fiction, so that when his creditors demand their pay he can refer them to the corporate remains in the hope of saving his own credit without paying his own debts. As a rule, the more insignificant the business the more pretentious the name and it has been noticed that per- sons of little financial responsibility are frequently able, by incorporating under a high sounding name, to ob- tain all kinds of credit. When the capital is all furnished at the outset by a few persons, there is no reason for incorporating except to protect the corporators from per- sonal liability. Instead of adding to the credit of the enterprise, incorpor- October 25, 1916 ating should diminish it, for the effect is to limit responsibility to the prop- erty of the corporation, but for some unaccountable reason it seems to have the contrary effect. For it is often observed that a corporation with a long name will obtain credit when the corporators individually could not get trusted for a dollar. There seems to be some charm about a long corpor- ate name describing the business of the corporation which credit men are unable to resist. “Thomas A. Edison, Incorporated” is a model name for a corporation. The distinguished in- ventor invented something worth while when he invented that. Others would do well to imitate his example. Of course, there is now a greater variety of big business requiring large capital than there was thirty- three years ago. This, in a measure, accounts for the increase of the num- ber of corporations. They have come to be almost a necessity where the capital must be gathered from a large number of persons, and so it has been found necessary to regulate their con- duct by statute. Partnership asso- ciations, limited, as affording a means of limiting the liability of the mem- bers in much the same way as the liability of stockholders in a corpor- ation is limited, were at one time popular, principally for the reason that they were not required to file annual reports in any public office and so knowledge of the real state of their business could be kept from the public. But that has been chang- ed by statute and such associations are now required to file annual reports the same as corporations. Such as- sociations now offer no special ad- vantage over corporations. Foreign corporations are not al- lowed to carry on business in this State without complying with the statute giving them that right on cer- tan conditions. The statute: does not, however, affect their right to carry on interstate commerce, or the sale of goods in one state to be de- livered to the purchaser in another, as that is a subject exclusively under the control of Congress, No State Legis- lature has the power to pass any statute which will interfere with, or impose any burdens upon, such com- merce. In 1905 an attempt was made to codify the law of negotiable instru- ments. The statute defines what shall constitute a negotiable instrument, the manner in which it can be nego- tiated, the different kinds of endorse- ments, the rights of the holder, and the liabilities of the parties, what shall be sufficient presentment for pay- ment, and when such presentment is necessary in order to charge the draw- ers and endorsers, and when it is not necessary to charge the persons primarily liable, when, to and by whom notice of dishonor must be giv- en, what shall discharge the different parties, and the effect of payment by an endorser of a party not primarily liable for the debt. The statute covers the subject of bills of exchange, checks and promissory notes. It has not been found that it makes notes any easier to pay. A ninety day note falls due in ninety days, the same as it did before, except that it has shorten- October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 47 ‘| ELECTRIC (ty ' | LIGHT, HEAT and POWER * ~~ Serves the HOME, MERCHANT and MANUFACTURER Electric Illumination denotes intelligence and progress---it is the refined and elevating form of lighting---it is safe---clean---con- venient and economical. Electric Heat insures a clean, safe and convenient form of heat for the home for emergency and for cooking Commercially it | cannot be equalled for glue pots---soldering irons and enameling ovens. : Electric Power eliminates friction---line shafting---belts and | troublesome power plants _ It insures constant speed at machines thereby increasing the value of human labor---increases output at a reduced cost of operation. if THE POWER CO. 48 ed the time by abolishing days of grace. In 1913 the Legislature of this State also codified the law of sales. The statute what shall con- stitute a contract of sale of goods and specifies the legal formalities of such a contract. defines One of the pr'ncipai changes which this statute made is to increase to $100 the value of goods, a valid sale of which may be made without putting it in writing or the earnest to statute pro- future of anything in The existing or payment bind the bargain. that either goods may be the subject of sale and covers the subjects of conditions and warranties in a sale, sale by sample. the transfer of the property, the rights of unpaid sellers as against the goods, liens for the purchase price, goods in transit, resale and rescission by the seller, the remedies of the sell- v des er in case of a breach of the contract and the remedies of the buyer. A recent statute provides that when a sale of personal property, with res- ervation of title until the purchase price is paid, is made to any person, corporation engaged in or in the business ot firm or about to buying or selling like property, such sale must be in writing and the writ- engage ten contract or a copy thereof filed and discharged in the same manner as chattel mortgages are required to be filed and discharged. In the same year the Legislature passed what is known as the “Blue Sky” law. This was something en- tirely new in the legislation of this State. The statute is an attempt to regulate the sale of corporate stocks, bonds or other securities and creates what is known as the “Michigan Se- curities Commission,” and provides in substance that no such stocks, bonds or securities shall be sold until they have been approved by the Commi‘s- sion. The constitutionality of this statute is questioned and that ques- t’on is likely to be passed upon by the Supreme Court of the United States It cannot apply to a sale of stock in a foreign corporation made by a cit- izen of one state to a citizen of an- other state under such circumstances as to amount to interstate commerce, as that is a matter which cannot be regulated by state legislation. In 1905 a statute was passed known as the “Bulk Sales’ which been the litigation. This was also something entirely new in our State legislation. About the same time similar statutes were pass- ed in most of the other states. This statute provides in substance that a sale in bulk, and not in the ordinary course of trade, of a stock of mer- chandise or merchandise and fixtures shall be void unless, before the sale. the prospective purchaser shall be furnished with an inventory of the goods to be sold, stating the cost price to the seller, and also a written list of the names and addresses of all of the creditors of the seller, stating the amount of indebtedness due to each, and unless the purchaser shall, at least five days before taking pos- session of the goods, notify, either personally or by registered mail, every creditor, whose name is upon the list, of the proposed sale. Unlike most law has cause of much MICHIGAN TRADESMAN statutes this is one which automati- cally enforces itself. If notice of the proposed sale is not given to the cred- itors, as required in the statute, the purchaser is liable to them to the ex- tent of the value of the goods pur- chased, not exceeding the total amount of the indebtedness. If the notice is given, there is no liability whatever. so that if the statute 1s com- plied with the creditors gain nothing by it. It is only in case of the viola- tion of the statute by the purchaser that the creditors are benefited, except that the general effect of the statute, is to make purchasers of stock of goods cautious about buying unless some provision is made to satisfy the seller’s creditors. In this year also new statutes were passed making void all contracts, the purpose or intent of which is to pro- hibit. restrict, limit, control or regu- late the sale of any article of ma- chinery, tools, vehicles, implements or appliances designed to be used in any branch of productive industry, or to enhance, control or regulate the price thereof, or to restrict, limit, regulate or destroy free and unlimited com- petition, and also prohibiting all com- binations of persons, partnerships or corporations entered into for the purpose of maintaining a monopoly of any trade, pursuit, avocation, pro- fession or business. One of the most decided changes was the. enactment in 1912 of the Em- ployers Liability Act. This Act ereatly modified the law of the liabil- ity of employers for injuries to, or the death of employes, resulting from the negligence of the employer. It takes away the defenses of contribu- tory negligence, unless such negli- gence was willful; that the injury was caused by a fellow employe; and the assumed risks of the employment. This statute gives to all employes, whose employers shall have elected to become subiect to the provisions of the Act, and who have not notified their employers that they have not elected to hecome subject to the pro- visions of the Act, compensation for personal injuries arising out of and in the course of their employment or, in case of death resulting from such injuries, to their dependents, without proof of negligence on the part of the employer. The amount of com- pensation, depending on the nature and extent of the injury, is fixed by the statute. A board is created, call- ed the Industrial Accident Board, for the adjudication of all claims for in- juries under the statute. This statute is an entirely new departure in the law of master and servant and is be- ing thoroughly tried out. A _ large number of cases are constantly before the Industrial Accident Board and many of them have found their way to the Supreme Court. In 1915 an act was passed creating a Board of Mediation and Concilation for the purpose of settling contro- versies concerning wages, hours of labor, and other conditions of employ- ment between railroads, mining com- panies and companies operating public utilities and their employes. This Act provides that, in case of a contro- versy between such employers and employes, it shall be the duty of the efforts, by to bring Board to use its best mediation and concilation, about an agreement and, if such ef- forts fail, to endeavor to induce the parties to submit their controversy to arbitration. In case of an agreement to submit to arbitration, the Act pro- vides that each party shall select one arbitrator and the arbitrators so se- lected shall name two more and, in use the two arbitrators agreed upon shall fail to name others, they may be named by the Board. Radical changes have been made in the election laws and these laws have been amended as often as the Legis- lature met. The first general primary election law was passed in 1909. In 1915 the method of electing United States Senators was changed so that they are now nominated at the pri- mary and elected at the general elec- tion the same as the Governor. The present State constitution was adopted in 1908 and became operative January 1, 1909. It made few changes in the organic law. the im- portant ones are the following: It provides that the Legislature shall not pass any local or special act where a general act can be made applicable, and that no local or special act shall take effect until approved by a ma- jority of the electors voting thereon in the district to be affected, and for “home rule” in cities and villages. These are a few of the changes that have taken place in the law during the Among last third of a century. There are hundreds of others. Some are pro- eressive, others are quite the con- Two or three examples of manifestly foolish ones come to mind at the moment. There are, no doubt, many others. It is as unnecessary as it is ridiculous to require chattel mortgages to be filed in two or three places. It would be just as sensible to require deeds and mortgages to be recorded in several places. The provision of the Judicature Act passed at the last session of the Leg- islature requiring a special court cal- endar of causes in which no progress has been made for more than one year to be printed each term of the court is nonsensical and causes need- less expense. This calender for the present term of court in Kent county contains 338 pages and such a calendar is printed in every country in the State. The cost of printing it amounts to many thousands of dol- lars. trary. There is no sense in requiring these old cases to be thus brought to the attention of the court. They should be left where the parties have left them. No one is interested in them but the parties themselves. Yet these old cases are, by this statute, resurrected and put upon a printed calendar by themselves without the knowledge or consent of the parties. who alone are interested in their fate. If the parties want to leave their cases pending and undisposed of, it is no- body’s business but their own, not even the court’s. Nothing is gained by making up this calendar. The idea of doing so is little short of idi- otic and is sheer waste of the public money. Another act involving unnecessary expense to the State was one passed in 1913 providing for the appointment October 25, 1916 by the Governor of three commission- ers to compile the statutes when we already had one of the best compila- tions that was ever made, Howell’s, Annotated Statutes, 2nd Edition, bringing the compilation of the statutes down to and including the special session of the year 1912. This was followed by another act in 1915 equally unnecessary, giving the State printer the job of printing this unnecessary compilation. It is but fair to add that many of the changes in the last thirty-three years were found to be necessary on ac- count of changes in the methods of doing business and the great advance- ment in mechanical invention, such as improvements in the use of elec- tricity and the perfection of the gas- oline engine. Reuben Hatch. —_+->—__ Sea Mussels as a Food. The sea mussel, one of the best and most abundant of sea foods, according to a bulletin recently issued by the United States Bureau of Fisheries, furnishes an example of waste of na- tural resources in America through failure to utilize it. In Europe the sea mussel is one of the most highly regarded shellfishes. Great Britain and Ireland consume about 35,000,000 pounds and little Holland over 65,000,- 000 pounds a year. In France about 400,000,000 pounds are produced an- nually and cooked in ways to delight the epicure. The quantity of actual nutriment contained in the edible portions (the meat and liquor) of the mussel is slightly greater than in oysters and clams, and mussel, tnerefore, con- tains at least as much food, pound for pound, as is found in related shell- fish in common use. As the shells are thinner, a bushel of mussels con- tains considerably more foodstuffs than an equal quantity of oysters. A peck of sea mussels in the shell will supply all of the meat required for a meal for ten persons. Sea mussels are among the most easily digestible of foods, as has been demonstrated by the experience of consumers. Per- sons of weak digestion have found that they can eat sea mussels with impunity when meats cause them to suffer. Sea mussels possess the advantage of being in season when oysters are out of season. But comparatively few oysters are marketed from April to September, and this is the season at which mussels are at their best on the Coast of the New England and Middle Atlantic states. Mussels can be cook- ed in the same ways as oysters and clams, and will afford a welcome change in the diet list. —_+-~____ Wanted Her Share. “It is no use trying to get away from the solemn fact that the woman of to-day is a most practical and re- sourceful creature,” said the man who has known a few. “What makes you think friend asked. “The unsentimental attitude of a girl I know. I told her that she had inspired some of my best poems. She didn’t say a word about the poems, but she wrote to my publishers for a percentage of the royalties.” sof” a cy de> «€e ty q “ o ee . vy ad October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 49 Assured Profits For the Holidays The Santa Claus edition of “OUR DRUMMER?” catalogue now in the mails is, on account of the way it rises above the present crisis in supply, the most notable price list of holiday seasonable merchandise ever put on paper. : The supply of goods back of this book, although naturally showing the effect of the frenzied buying of the last three months, is surprisingly large. Its prices, in the face of the present sky high market, afford an- other illuminating revelation as to the power of five house buying. So rapidly have prices risen since the goods offered you in this book were purchased, that the prices we offer you on many articles are actually less than the factory costs of today. If you take advantage quickly of the opportunities offered you by this book you will be assuring your Christmas profits. You may reasonably expect to get the goods. But too much emphasis cannot be placed on the word NOW. The shortage in merchandise is daily growing more alarming. And the price increase is steady. The only thing to do in this emergency is to buy while goods are to be had---to buy before the per- centage of “outs” grows so large as to cut seriously into the season’s net returns. If you have a copy of this Santa Claus catalogue, study it carefully with the foregoing facts in mind. If you have not a copy, and want one, it will be sent you promptly on request. BUTLER BROTHERS Exclusive Wholesalers of General Merchandise NEW YORK CHICAGO ST. LOUIS MINNEAPOLIS DALLAS 50 OLD CREEDS AND CUSTOMS. They Have Been Abandoned By Many Christians. Written for the Tradesman. The last thirty-three years have witnessed a revolution in scientific knowledge, in social institutions, in political theories and practices, in in- dustrial and methods and in international relations. The scientific study of the history of all religions, the critical analysis of the Bible, the discoveries of buried cities with their libraries of ancient literature and the rapid changes in all organization sorts of human relationships have been accompanied by significant changes in the religious point oi view. The majority of the Christian world may still adhere, in the main, to the old creeds and customs, but a great and growing minority have departed in many particulars from the old paths. Even where the form of belief seems to resist the influence of mod- ern thought, the spirit of the believer, unconsciously to himself, has become broader, kindlier and more liberal. Sectarianism is not as strong as it was. There is an increasing desire on the part of all sects to get to- gether, at least for certain practical purposes. The Federal Council of Churches in America is an example of the tendency toward wider co- speration and brotherly love. Every city has its ministerial union. The Layman’s Missionary Movement has united the laymen of all denom- inations in the interest of world-wide missions. The Religious Education Association has federated the re- ligious press, the pulpit and the edu- cators of the country in a most in- fluential organization to solve the problem of _ religious education. Wherever we look we find Christian people gradually coming to crave a wider fellowship, a more efficient or- ganization of religious forces and a stronger emphasis on the truths that unite instead of the dogmas that divide. Trials days, not because because are rare these the heretics are the church has grown more tolerant. Perhaps, also, it has been discovered that every heresy trial in these days of the news- paper tends to spread the doctrines it is desired to repress. Nearly every great denomination has its liberal and conservative parties, which occasion- ally clash, but, on the whole, pull to- gether fairly well when great moral issues are at stake. The most noteworthy change in the theology of the church is its quite general acceptance of the doctrine that the programme of Jesus includes social salvation as well as indiivdual redemption. Many denominations now have social service commissions and secretaries whose main business is to help the church to exercise its influ- ence in the moralization of business and politics. Hundreds of books have been written in the last twenty-five years dealing with the social mission of the church. While there are still vast unused spiritual resources in the for heresy fewer, but MICHIGAN TRADESMAN church, substantial progress has been made in the application of Christian principles to the social, political and industrial life of the Nation. The big- gest of all social problems is just beginning to be dealt with by the re- ligious forces of the country, namely, the problem of educating the world to walk in the paths of peace instead of war. No change, however, has the church more than the widespread discussion of the origin, nature and inspiration of the The so- called modern view is that the books of the Bible have a history and that the revelation recorded in them slow- ly developed, subject to the laws of agitated Bible. human nature. The recognition of the human element in the Bible caused a revolution in the attitude toward it. While it is true that the a figure of speech, as the embodiment of the evil in the world. To get the devil out of people and heaven into their lives is the goal now of the modern preacher. The church is no longer regarded as an ark of safety. Church member- ship does not always mean Christian All the bad people are not and all the good people are not in the church. The motive of church membership is rap- idly changing. People join the church, not to save their souls, but to in- crease their efficiency as Christians. It is a brotherhood organized to pro- mote Christianity in the world and the individual who believes in the Christian principle of life should en- ter the brotherhood not only to de- velop his own soul but to render larger service than he could by going character. out in the world Rev. A. W. Wishart. 3ible has often been treated too much in a spirit of criticism and with too little regard for its spiritual con- tributions to religion, nevertheless in the main the advocates of the new viewpoint have cherished the Bible as a necessity in religion and an inex- haustible treasure-house of precious truth. The number of those who can not accept its literal infallibility is constantly increasing. The scholar- ship of the Christian world, generally speaking, has decided against an in- fallible Bible. The old fashioned literal hell of fire and heaven of golden streets are no longer realities to a large number of thinking people. Hell and heaven are states of mind, conditions of character here and hereafter. The devil is still referred to by some as a dreadful reality, but by many as it alone. As schools are essential tu education, so are churches to religion. The church, in the judgment of the progressives, is not an end in itself, but a means to an end. That end is the extension of the Kingdom of God on earth. The Kingdom of God is that state of the individual and of society, for it is both individual ana social, in which God’s will is done. [t is the Kingdom of love, good- will, sacrifice and service for others. Increasing emphasis is being placed on religious education. Under our system of government the church and state are separate, consequently religion can not be taught in the pub- lic schools. But since the youth of the country must be educated in re- ligion, the church must meet that need somehow. The parochial school is the answer some churches give. October 25, 1916 But the greater part of the Protestant forces do not maintain separate schools for their children. The Sun- day School does not adequately meet the requirements of a religious edu- cation, although it is a powerful re- ligious force in the country. The feeling has gained ground in recent years that something must be done to promote the religious education of the young. Many plans are being tried out in various parts of the country. For example, the Gary plan, which provides for a time allowance by the public schools when those children whose parents desire it may gather in their churches or elsewhere for religious instruction. In other places credit is given in the public schools for the study of the Bible outside school hours. This is one of the pressing problems which has re- ceived much thoughtful attention in the last few years but which, as yet, remains unsolved. There have been many interesting changes in the missionary ideas and work of the churches in the last three or four decades. It is no longer be- lieved that all the so-called heathen are either going to hell or are even heathen, in the old sense of the term. Missionaries themselves who ought to be our best guides in the interpreta- tion of the non-Christian world, have come to appreciate and to praise the good in the religions of the Orient. Believing them to be inferior to Christianity, they nevertheless frank- ly acknowledge that they contain much that is good and wholesome. This sympathetic approach to the non-Christian world has promoted a better understanding between the re- ligious forces of .the whole world. The wasteful rivalry between mission stations is fast passing away. In its place we now have “gentlemen’s agreements” between the great mis- sionary societies under which mission- ary operations are conducted. Sever- al foreign fields are divided among these societies and each agrees to give the other a free hand in its own appointed sphere. In fact, in many ways foreign missionaries have learn- ed how to co-operate more effectively than ministers at home. The problem of the rural church has had, not its fair share, but much attention in the last few years. It is one of the vital religious issues of the day. The rural communities are sources of life to the Nation. Here are born and bred many of the lead- ers in industry, finance. education and religion. Whatever depletes the strength of the religious forces in the country directly and powerfully un- dermines the religious life of the cities. Over-churched rural commun- ities are far too numerous. It is wasteful to multiply churches need- lessly. Then, too, the marvelous changes in modern life have left their mark on the rural communities. The tele- phone and automobile, the newspaper and rural delivery, the rising tide of education, the sometimes exceeding- ly rapid changes in the character of the rural population are factors in the problem which cry aloud for solution, October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 51 INVESTORS The Parrott Heater Company ORGANIZED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN PLUMBERS Haven’t you often wished you could put into your own pocket some of the. profits paid by the manufacturers whose goods you assist in placing on the market? You know the possibilities of the automatic heater business. You know that if you give the proper assistance to the manufacturer you can increase the volume of business so that profits are sure to grow. Because you are in the plumbing business you are entitled to exclusive money-making benefits in this impor- tant enterprise. Our instantaneous, automatic gas water heater, “The Parrott,” is equal to any on the mar- ket—of that we are proud. GET INFORMATION Capital Stock of $250,000.00 (All Common) Offers their stock for private subscription at par $10 per share. For the past six years PARROTT In- stantaneous and Automatic gas water heaters have been selling in all parts of the United States. 1,600 are in use daily in Detroit. The Instantaneous and Automatic Gas Water Heaters are as necessary to the household as gas ranges and electric lights. The economy in both the original cost and operation of these heaters makes every home owner a prospect. Now, when the company is offering the first issue of stock, is your opportunity to acquire stock and share in the profits. A postal will bring full particulars, or phone the BUILDERS With our enterprise, the more home owners and business men associated with us the larger the volume of busi- ness, because each stockholder will naturally be a booster. The profits, in view of the large number of build- ings going up daily, together with the huge number of gas consumers in various gas using cities make the pos- sibilities of our automatic water heat- er business almost unlimited. We believe that we will be able to accomplish with this extra capital in one year that which would take us five years ordinarily. LOOK THIS UP PARROTT HEATER COMPANY 64-66 West High St. Factory and Executive Offices Detroit, Michigan THIS PACKAGE Represents the very best quality powder any dealer can offer his customers, regardless We Guarantee KG BakiInG POWDER will please your most particular customers. Retail price refunded on any can returned. “Keep It In Front” of baking of price. pare 52 In many places new races of men and women have almost entirely supplant- ed the former residents who must be dealt with according to their character and needs. In other com- munities the population has decreased so that the churches once equal to requirements far in excess of the the religious are now needs and are dying for want of material to work with. The “ruralite- is a reader of books, in touch with mod- modern ern tendencies, modern outlook. influenced by the Too often the rural pulpit has failed to keep pace with the changes in the pew. The religious needs of rural communities arising out of the changes in the conditions of rural life demand a reorganization of religious work. If one asks for the philosophy of these changes no simple answer can be given. com- plex, like life itself. It is the resultant of many forces co-operating. Progress is always now clashing, Sometimes the causes of the change are remote and obscure. One morning New England woke up and found it no longer. believed in witches. Of now course, the belief in witches did not, in reality, perish in a day, but it was a remarkably sud- den transition from a firm and ap- parently logical conviction to its op- posite. The belief was not disproved. It was simply dropped. It unpopular. became People grew out of it as children grow out of their childish We have dropped the belief in infant damnation in somewhat the same fashion. So far as irrefutable evidence goes we do not know any more about it than when it was be- fancies. lieved but one day a strong denom- ination voted it out the creed and that was the end of it for them. But one may mention several in- teresting features in modern life that have been more or less silently, more or less unobservedly at work, chang- ing the religious viewpoint. Science has rendered impossible the the old views of nature. and cherished . Venerable doctrines of creation had to give way and with them went also certain dogmas about the Bible. Science has taught us much about human nature and human institutions. It has so strenuously insisted upon the prevalence and power of Law that people have gradually modified their views about Providence, heaven, hell and many other objects of belief. I do not just recognition of salvation, mean by this the contribution of science to religion to be under- Scientific knowledge of itself can not save this world from its sin and misery as the Sreat war in abundantly proves. The awful conditions prevail- ing there proclaim to the whole world that science may be used to bless or to curse, to heal or to kill, to pro- mote peace or war. What the world is to do with its knowledge is a problem that is beyond this review. I merely call attention to it as a problem of untold significance. The growth of democracy has al- tered religious thought and custom. it has promoted religious freedom, encouraged men to think for them- stood to overvalue science. Europe MICHIGAN TRADESMAN selves and suggested to the individual that he should be as much a factor in religion as he is in politics. By pro- moting social co-operation and inter- course democracy has made men un- derstand each other better. Many of the old religious antagonisms have melied away under the warm rays of friendship, Business in its phases has been no small factor in promoting tolerance and good will. The in- of the laity has tended not a little toward increased efficiency in denominational manage- ment and the activity of the local church. We shall, no doubt, feel that influence more and more. many creasing influence Great as have been the alterations of opinion and the changes in method during the last thirty-three years we may reasonably expect far more re- markable changes in the next thirty years, partly as the ungathered har- vest of past influence and partly due to the world’s upheaval by the Euro- pean war. If one were to search for faults in the church during the last thirty-three years many would be discovered, but it must never be forgotten that the men and women who think and work politically, industrially and education- ally are the same people who think and work religiously. They are all human. It is self-evident that what- ever control the Infinite God exer- finite creatures he does not miraculously interfere to compel them to know the truth. Here science has helped us to appreciate the fact that human progress is under law. We make mistakes in theory and practice because we are human. But the errors in religion are no greater or more numerous than those which man makes in every other sphere of his life. cises over Religion will last, will thrive here and decline there, but will live on as long as politics and business, which means as long as man lives on the earth. The church has many serious problems before it, but each genera- tion to come will doubtless meet the oncoming situations as_ successfully, to say the least, as the church of the past has done. When all its many faults—due, I repeat, to the inherent weakness of human nature itself—the church has served the world quite as efficiently as schools and business organizations. If it will gird itself by prayer, sacrifice and study for the tasks of the future, it may render the world a service which no other institution is so admirably adapted to contribute to the cause of humanity. Alfred W. Wishart. —_2+2>___ Hot Shots By an Expert and Ex- perienced Grocer. The best business is the most dif- ficult to get. Most salesmen work along the lines of least resistance; that’s why most of our sales balances are-in red ink. What particular attraction is there about your house and methods to make a satisfied customer of your competitor's give your salesman his business? Just so sure as military preparedness is a commercial necessi- governments, ty as well as a defensive necessity, just so sure is preparedness and a defi- nite sales policy necessary in modern business. Good business building depends up- on more things than advertising; more things than service; more things than prices. Too businesses serve their customers in a spasmodic manner— good quality to-day, poor quality to- morrow; good service to-day, poor service to-morrow, good prices to- day, high prices to-morrow. Too many concerns use molasses to get their customers and expect to keep them by making them drink vine- gar. Too many concerns pay too much for getting back business which they originally had and lost. The high cost of doing business can be materially depreciated by hav- ing as few second costs as possible. _Loyalty of employes can be bought —if you know how to buy it. Most employes expect to get loyalty for nothing—that’s the reason they get so little. Most employers expect to get loyalty slap on the back—what they get is a kick in the stomach. Hypocrisy is the cut worm of busi- ness—too many concerns try to make their competitors believe they love them. Newspaper advertising is good ad- vertising; but if it is the only adver- tising you do, you don’t do enough. The spoken word is most effective if coupled with good newspaper or other advertising. Advertising alone will not. sell goods. How many friends do you make every day in business? What efforts do you use to make people like you? If you will make people like you, they will like the goods you sell. The profit and loss sheet is dreaded by most sales managers. Some salesmen detest an accurate report—because it tells the truth. The world offers golden prizes to men who think. The strong should help the weak competitor. Weak competitors make bad com- petition; destroy good business. The buying public believes that ad- vertising is an unnecessary evil. Not enough educational work has been done to educate the consumer that the cost of advertising does not increase the cost of the commodity. Does it or does it not? A business organization should con- sist of three educational features—ed- ucate the employer, the employe and the competitor. many Acquaintance begets friendship; friendship begets confidence and con- fidence begets business. How much importance do you place on the outsider’s viewpoint of your own business? How insistent are you in getting criticisms from your employes about your methods? What value do you place upon their recommendations? What reward do they get for taking an interest in your business? October 25, 1916 How many voluntary increases it: salaries have you given in the last ten years? Selling sense :s common sense —how much do you use in your busi- ness? The grocer works eighteen hours a day on an average and devotes 25 per cent, of his working hours to in- terviewing salesman; that is, four and one-half hours per day to listening to sales arguments. What do you do in your organiza- tion to educate your salesmen? Do you make your advert’sing liter- ature to this class of trade have such value that you get the business? With the right degree of knowledge, selling expense is lessened and every- body is benefited. Sales reports are of little value un- less they are comparative. A concern that has a comprehensive grip upon its business, knows instant- ly what to do when confronted with a sales problem. Will the foundation that you lay to-day hold up your institution fo1 twenty years, or are you cheating by using cheap construction, poor ma- terials and dishonest methods? Who dictates your sales yourself or your competitor? What are you doing to make your employes sales factors? A consistent policy is usually lack- ing in most concerns. They spend one hundred thousand dollars in buying fixtures, paying large rents, and selling a high priced qual- ity article, and hire people to sell it that look underfed and underpaid and not any too clean. A little more care in selecting em- ployes, a few dollars a week more in salaries will eliminate this condition. A dirty errand boy or deliveryman can kill more business than your ad- vertising men can create. Brains by the pound are not indica- tive of knoweledge. The college man has no advantage over the man who never went to school. The poor boy of yesterday has still a good chance to be president to-mor- row. The man who never had a chance, never took one. The good God gave us all twenty- four hours a day and said “go to it,” but most of us don’t go. Activity is a God-given power to every man—power for good. Most of us like to cut bases, even after making a home run. It is al- most natural for most men to be dis- honest. policy, Truth is good enough about any- thing. If you can’t be happy in the busi- ness you are engaged in, change the business, because your success in it depends upon how happily you do your work. Somewhere I saw a sign: “Don’t wait for the boss to crank up; be a self-starter. A lot of men secure their jobs on false pretenses and_ then get mad when it has been found that they can’t deliver the goods. Carl Rosenberg. —_>--__ Many an otherwise truthful man lies about the good time he had while camping out. October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 53 -¥e Olde Fashion ( Horehound Candy ‘‘Double A’’ an Every Piece 5 Is good for young and good for old, It stops the cough and cures the cold. } mos ony y Putnam Factory National Candy Co. | 3 Grand Rapids, Michigan 54 GROWING SEEDS. Part Michigan Plays In This Im- portant Industry. Written for the Tradesman. I will try and comply with your request to say something of the seed industry in Grand Rapids as it is to- day and as it was a third of a century ago. What I have to say may be in- teresting to some of us who remem- ber Grand Rapids in the early eighties, at which time there really was no one who made seeds his ex- clusive business. I was engaged in the wholesale fruit and produce busi- ness at that time and conceived the idea that Grand Rapids should have a real seed store, so in 1885, I opened a store in the old Wenham block, on North Division street, now North Division avenue. At that time seeds were handled principally by the down town grocery and drug stores and my strongest competitors were the old firms of Peck Brothers, John A, 3rummeler, William Bemis & Sons, Goosen Brothers, all on Monroe street, and William T.- Lamoreaux and Peter Kusterer, on Canal street. A few years after I established my seed store on North Division avenue. my competitors found out that they had their regular business to think of, while I had only to think and work to build up a seed trade, the result being that my competitors dropped the handling of seeds altogether, giv- ing me a free hand and almost a com- plete monopoly for several years thereafter. As I saw the hardwood forests of Michigan gradually disappear and fertile farms take their place, I soon realized that I did not make any mis- take when I established the first ex- clusive seed industry in Grand Rap- ids. As the surrounding country grew into beautiful and successful farms, so our seed business grew with it. I soon discovered that the climate and land in Northern Michigan was suitable for the growing of seed peas of the garden varieties and I estab- lished growing stations at Traverse City, Elk Rapids, Charlevoix, Petos- key, Levering and Cheboygan. This industry of seed pea growing in Northern Michigan went on for many years and hundreds of thousands of dollars were paid out to farmers an- nually in the counties of Grand Trav- erse, Antrim, Emmet and Cheboygan. Strange to say, this industry ceased to be profitable for some years and we were obliged to seek other fields. far away from Michigan, where the climate and soil were more adapted to pea culture. The farmers of Northern Michigan did not lose much, as they turned their attention to oth- el crops and on the same land where they used to grow peas for us, they are now growing beans, which pay them just as well or better. We are, however, still growing the common field peas in Cheboygan county with fairly good results. In the early days of my business, the farmers did not care for much seed on the farm ex- cept clover and timothy. It was the common red clover, alsyke and mam- MICHIGAN TRADESMAN moth clover not well known. Since the great advancements made in agriculture, there is now a very large demand for many kinds of legume seeds, such as sweet clover, Sudan grass, dwarf Essex rape, al- falfa, soy beans and cow peas. winter vetch, crimson clover, etc. In the early days our trade in seeds was only about four months in the year. Now the demand for seeds of some kind is twelve months in the year. Then our selling territory was Grand Rapids and a small part of Western Michigan. Now it covers the whole of the United States and a good part of Canada. Our Florida customers want their garden seed peas and beans just as quick as we can get them ready after the harvest ‘of the crop. being very California reason why we should not grow more seeds in the United States for export. We have the different soil and climate to produce the best seeds in the world and the main reason that has held us back was the labor proposition. In the European countries, the women and children do a very large part of the work, while here on the farm, there are few to do the work. The farms in Europe are small and very fertile. There is plenty of labor to handle the crops, while here the most of the farms are too large and too peor to make the seed growing industry pay, as a general rule. How- ever, those who are now engaged in the growing of seeds and who are employing the proper methods are making a success of the industry. I have just returned California, where most of the garden and flower from Alfred J. Brown. also wants very early delivery, so that we are kept pretty busy from now until spring, supplying the Southern trade first and then farther North in season. orders proportion to the filling Then only a few varieties were necessary to supply the demand. Now there is a long list of different varieties which must be grown to sup- ply the present demand. To supply this demand we find it necessary to have different kinds of seeds grown in different parts of the country where soil and climate is best adapted to their culture. Since the war, the European coun- tries, who were producers of various kinds of seeds for export trade to the Untied States, are now American grown seeds. buyers of We are now getting ready large shipments’ for England and France. There is no find the land under the highest state of cultivation. In one field on the McCullough ranch, situated in the Santa Ynez river valley, where I had a crop of garden beans grown for me, I could walk a mile between the rows and could not gather an armful of weeds in the whole distance. This crop had not had a drop of rain on it since April and yet the soil four inches un- der the moist. This shows what thorough cultivation will do in the California climate. for, Mr. McCullough has harvested a fine crop of exceptional fine quality. On my trip last month, I probably made pretty close to a thousand miles via automobile, so that I got a pretty good general idea of what is being done in seed growing in the West. I found our seeds are produced. | surface was crop inspection October 25, 1916 pea and bean crops in Southern Idaho far better than I had expected. All have been harvested without a drop of rain and we had no frost to do any damage. All are grown under irriga- tion on very rich land, suitable and particularly adapted to pea and bean culture. In speaking of the West and some of the advantages they have there for seed growing, I am not discounting Michigan. We grow many thousands of dollars worth of seeds in Michigan and intend to grow more. Neverthe- less, I must give our Western grow- ers due credit for what they are doing and if some of our Michigan farmers would take the same pains that are taken by our growers in the West, they would have more money to put in the bank after harvest. We have the sources in Michigan in the of soil and climate to make it a good seed pro- ducing State. All that is necessary to make it still better is a little more care ,with the crop and more fertili- zation of soil. If a good many farm- ers in Michigan would work only half the land they are trying to work now and work that half well, they would have more stuff to sell and more net profit in the business. Alfred J. Brown. —_2-.___ Collecting Money. Collection of natural way even when made by authority, sometimes results in legal complications. The first thing a retailer should ask himself, when any employe or agent who ‘1a collected your money and refuses or fails to turn it over is, Why does he refuse? If it is because he claims the right to hold it, no matter how flimsy the claim is—if sincere—then it is putting your head into the lion’s mouth to issue a warrant for his ar- rest. Of course thieves and embez- zlers often justify holding out of other people’s money by a claim of right. The claim of right must have both a legal and moral foundation. For in- stance, suppose an employe is suddenly discharged. He claims the house owes him money. The house denies it. The employe goes to the safe or cash register and abstracts enough to cover Mis Cam That is larceny, even though his claim was a good one. No man can pay himself in any such fashion. But the position of an em- money, ‘ploye who had collected money for his employer, with the latter’s con- sent, and still held it, would be dif- ferent. He would not be guilty of larceny if he refused to hand it over on the plea that his employer was indebted to him. Even if his plea was groundless, it would not be safe to arrest him, unless the employer had full proofs in his possession that the plea was merely a subterfuge to excuse the larceny. In that case it would be reasonably safe to issue a warrant. —_+~-.___ Care should be taken in grouping stocks of merchandise so as to bring about a harmonious contact. For ex- ample, a shoe department in proxi- mity to a lunch counter would produce a mixed smell of leather and cooking that is scarcely harmonious, es October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 55 C. J. Litscher Electric Co. 41-43 Market Ave. S. W. «| ' Grand Rapids, Michigan Wholesale Electric Supplies “Service is What Counts” a Rademaker-Dooge Grocer Co. 28-30-32 Ellsworth Avenue Grand Rapids, Michigan a Wholesale Grocers “The House of Quality and Service” 56 MADE HIM THINK THINKS. Profitable System Adopted By a De- troit Merchant. Written for the Tradesman. I heard of a jeweler-optician who put an original stunt across and it struck me it could be applied to some other businesses and I went out Woodward avenue and had a bit of a gabfest with him. “What's this thing you’ve been putting over?” was asked him. His eyes brightened as he told the story. Enthusiasm had him tight in her grip. Incidentally he said, “What first put the idea in my dome was so many work- men came from factories for eye exam- inations. They told me about their work, how the lights in an engraving house hurt their eyes, how sawdust, cic. got them in woodworking shops and the likes. It made me think thinks. The outcome was the plan which has been quite a success so far.” He got in touch first with the high muckelty-mucks of an overall manufac- turing concern that employed about 200 seamstresses. One day, he and his Man Friday went out there (per announce- ment to the girls) with lettered charts and testing dingusbobs. The eyes of a dozen or so girls were examined that noon. Another date was fixed upon and they did the same thing a second time. Then a third and a fourth time. It woke up a good many of the girl- sewers to their optics. Some of them came down to the store the first Satur- day afternoon and “sat” for glasses. Others did the following Saturday. And A good percentage of the ailing ones became his customers sooner or later. The optician said he didn’t think that the preliminary factory testing sessions did the trick alone, but was of opinion that after he had started the thing it just naturally spread enthusiasm among the girls. They talked among them- They related their experiences after the optician’s office testings. It made some of the girls apprehensive of their vision-health. He said he almost knew that their talks with one another got him more customers than the superficial examina- tions at the factory did, for the reason he didn’t look into the eyes of many of the girls in his four times at the factory. In short, he fitted quite a good many of the workers that had not taken the fac- tory examination at all. so on. selves. The idea, as I look at it, is right here: Mr. Optician stimulated interest among these seamstresses and they brought the thing to a head themselves. It got him talked of and considered and remem- bered lively. It also, as said, perked up some of the girls to giving heed to their defective tungstens. I wouldn’t be sur- prised if every last girl in that factory got a bit anxious maybe. Then when a Mabel came back from the optician’s office, wearing her new glasses, and would tell her factory-mates about the findings of the test, others thought best to follow suit, and did. The long-short of it was the optician put glasses onto the blinks of thirty-two girls in that bunch out of possible 200. The long-short further is he wil] likely MICHIGAN TRADESMAN get others of the bunch when they think they need glasses. If you should happen to meet any one of that bunch of girls and suddenly ask her who is a good optician in town she would naturally speak that man’s name. Does it pay? Not much at first, pos- sibly. A good deal in the end, probably. Anything helps that helps to put an op- tician or storekeeper into people’s mem- ory in a fair way. Some day he'll gather his harvest. Why? Because some day people will want such an optician or storekeeper. A clothier, grocer, druggist, hardware- man, can’t go out to a factory and test eyes. But he can go there and hand its employes some little piece of litera- ture every few days or every week for a reasonable spell and get himself onto their minds past easy forgetting. Or he can get the names of employes and send them some good, stiff, strong, per- sonal letters for a time until he im- presses his store on them. He will per- haps land some of them as early cus- tomers. And they will talk their pur- chases to their shop-mates. That’s a germ planted. growth. Also the fact that the storeman came right out to the factory to speak his piece will, in itself, make it seem of more importance. It will appear to be somewhat linked up with the factory’s consent. At any rate, it will have been exploited in an unusual way and place and hence excite so and so much un- usual attention and comment. Call it publicity, if you want to. Call publicity a punk thing for a dealer to employ if you want to. He does employ it, just the same, nine times out of ten —that is, most of them do. Makes no odds what he says of his goods, if de- tailed features be lacking in his talk, it is publicity, pure and simple and that’s all. And that’s the way ever so many dealers do it. Yet publicity like the optician indulged in smacks more of a personal contract with prospects. Will make a deeper dent in a prospect. That dent will ache and itch of the dealer’s name and will keep him alive in prospect’s mind. A cleaner and dyer out Michigan avenue told yours truly that he made up a list of ten likely families near his shop and made a personal call on them every Tuesday for two months last spring. He stopped but a moment or so at each door and said only a few words regarding his superior kind of work. He wasn’t at it but a little while before some of these families handed him dirty suits to be cleaned. And he said he got others to his shop months after he had stopped his weekly calls. They couldn’t easily get him off their minds, you see. When they did need some cleaning done they naturally asso- ciated him first thing with the thought. It was publicity, for the man hadn’t described his p’s and q’s of methods on his weekly visits. Why then can’t a grocer or druggist or clothier or whatnot tradesman send his Man Friday out and stimulate the same sort of lasting interest? Give him an hour off an afternoon per week or per two weeks or so. During a dull spell; the impression will be made just the same. William D. Fellows. October 25, 1916 ‘ Blue Valley Butter a Trade Builder Why? Because of our large output the making of our butter has been developed through years of ex- perience until all butter we make is made under one system. This has been done through years of practice and science, and our science and the great amount of practice enable us to make the best butter, and butter that is always uni- form in quality and the same. Consider this, and consider if it has helped others why will it not help you. Order today. ee TTA Pasteurized BLUE VALLEY CREAMERY COMPANY GPAND RAPIDS, MICH. It may develop into a_ S. A. MORMAN & CO. 35 Pearl St., N. W. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. All Kinds of Brick and Builders’ Supplies LIME, CEMENT AND SEWER PIPE | AND FUEL GLOBE "ar Union Suits are the most comfortable, durable and generally satisfactory union suits you can get. They don’t bind at neck and crotch as most union suits do. The buttons don’t They come off, or buttonholes get big. don’t shrink. They do wear a long time and give splendid satisfaction and ‘they feel good to the skin—Giobe Underwear is fine under- wear. Attention Dealers Hook up with the Globe line if you are not already a Globe dealer. The biggest and best stores sell ‘“‘Globe.”’ The same important features in the construction of Globe Underwear for men are found in women’s and children’s Globe wear. It’s the big, dependable line on which you cannot go wrong. s& SF 2 SF st Uf ot tt se wt Globe Knitting Works Grand Rapids, Michigan Use Tradesman Coupon Books October 25, 1916 THE LAUNDRY BUSINESS. Local Establishments Thoroughly Serve Their Patrons. Written for the Tradesman. Thirty-three years ago, the laundry business in Grand Rapids was still close to first principles. The city in those days had one power laundry known as the Troy, conducted by A. K. Allen, and two hand laundries, the Globe and the American, the lat- ter conducted by the writer. A year later the Baxter laundry was estab- lished. The laundries had primitive equipment and while they no doubt did the best they knew how, it is likely there was some justification in the popular belief that they were de- structive agencies rather than _ insti- tutions for the promotion of that MICHIGAN TRADESMAN The last Federal census of 1914 shows that the power laundries of the United States employed 149,000, per- sons, as compared with 124,000 five years preceding, a net gain of 25,000 or 20 per cent. These figues do not include the hand laundries. Grand Rapids to-day has four power laundries, the Bradley, United States, the Baxter and the American, with a combined capital of around half a million dollars and employing an average of 550 persons throughout the year. Thirty-three years ago the laundries confined themselves chiefly to shirts, collars and cuffs. To-day they rank with the public utilities in the service they render. They have, in fact, be- come an indispensibie adjunct to city house-keeping. The old line of shirts, Adrian Otte. which is said to be next to Godliness. The family wash woman in those days was still a power in the land and in most households Monday was still a day. of suds odors and sadness. In the third of a century which has since elapsed, wonderful progress has been made in laundering. Scientific study has been made of washing, starching and ironing. New and im- proved machinery has been invented, new processes have been devised and new ideas have been worked ‘out. The business has been reduced to an art and ascience worthy of the best talent, thought and ability, and to- day it ranks with other great business enterprises which call for capital, skill and desire to serve the public. As a result, the laundry turns out a higher grade of work at a price which repre- sents economy as compared with the household washing. It has gained the public confidence and every year has brought an increase in the patronage. collars and cuffs represents a small part of the work done. They do flat work more cheaply and better than it can be done at home, Three of the laundries have complete dry cleaning departments. The Baxter laundry has added shoe repairing to its service. The Ameri- can has recently erected a large build- ing for the sole purpose of renovating and repairing domestic and oriental rugs. The Grand Rapids laundrymen have been enterprising and progressive and this is the chief reason for the growth of the industry in Grand Rapids and the success of those engaged in it. They have kept step with modern methods, prompt in installing the lat- est and best equipment, and their aim has always been to popularize the laundry by giving the promptest and best service possible. As an evidence of their abilty and reputation it is only necessary to mention the fact that they, receive work from all parts of the United States which really makes their fame National. Adrian Otte. ——_-o > ___- She Was Honest. The sewing machine agent rang the bell. A particularly noisy and vi- cious-looking bull-dog assisted in op- ening the door. The dog stood his 57 ground. The agent retreated slight- ly. “Will that dog bite?” he asked. “We don’t yet,” the lady said, “We have only just got him. But we are trying him strangers. Won’t you come in?” quite know with ———_>++—__—_ Hard cash that comes easy melts away. soon Citz. 9558 For Best Results Housewtves Use -li-ene Mr. Auto Owner, Use Champion Motor Oil and Lubriko Auto Grease At your service always. Grand Rapids Oil Company Michigan Beecch of the Independent Refining Co , Ltd., Oil City, Pa. J. I. HARWOOD, Manager Bell, Main 3093 Grand Rapids Calendar Co. PUBLISHERS WEATHER CHARTS, MARKET BASKET and BANK CALENDARS We also carry an extensive line of Wall Pockets, DeLuxe, Art Calendars and Advertising Specialties Order Now Territory Open for Salesmen 572-584 SO. DIVISION AVE. GRAND RAPIDS CALENDAR CO. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Good Food UNION DEPOT LUNCH ROOM Good Cooking Popular Prices Good Service I make an especial appeal to Commercial Travelers PERCY ENGLISH, Prop. 58 FORCED TO SPECIALIZE. Manufacturers Discontinue General Line of Goods. Written for the Tradesman. It affords me pleasure to respond to your request for an article to be printed in your anniversary number relative to the changes which have taken place in the brass business dur- ing the past thirty-three years. The title “brass business,” as ap- plied to certain lines of manufacture. is a very broad one and includes so many varities of products that it will be a problem to more than mention some of the most important ones. Sacred history states that Tuba! Cain was the first artificer in brass alloys, but it is probable that he work- ed in bronze, a mixture of 90 per cent copper and 10 per cent. tin, rather than in brass, which ordinarily con- tains 66 per cent. copper and 34 per cent. zinc, or spelter, as the latter metal is known to the trade. It is certain that during the bronze age, many thousands of years back in the dim past, bronze was the only baser metal worked by primitive man. Among the precious metals, gold, be- ing found in nature in the metallic State, may have been used for orna- ments before man learned that by smelting certain peculiar stones (ores of copper and tin) together he could obtain a rough lump of bronze from which he could fashion tools, weapons, etc. The modern manufacture of brass goods really begins with the rolling and drawing at the mills of sheets, rods, tubes and wire. In this country the brass rolling mills have, through various causes, been largely concen- trated in Connecticut, particularly in and around Waterbury. Other im- portant mills are now located at Rome, N. Y., Trenton, N. J., Detroit, Mich., and Kenosha, Wis. The fabrication of these sheets. tubes, rods and wire into various ar- ticles known to the trade as brass goods has grown to be a tremendous industry in the United States. There are many hundred firms in the East- ern and North Central states whose products are found in some form in nearly every home and shop in our broad land; in fact, next to the manu- facture of iron and steel products the brass and copper trades are the most important of all metal industries A list of the more important lines of brass goods would show that the ramifications, classifications and dis- tribution is almost beyond belief, so infinite in number are they. As an illustration, take steam and hydraulic goods. This includes every form of valve and apparatus used for the control of steam, water, air. gases, oils and other fluids. A special type of valve must be designed for each particular use; a globe or gate valve made for handling steam will not an- swer for air or gas: an ordinary gas cock which would remain tight under the light pressure used in the distri- bution of illuminating gas would be utterly useless in hydraulic or pneu- matic construction. These conditions have resulted in forcing manufacturers to specialize, many devoting their attention to one Brass MICHIGAN TRADESMAN or more classes only, where thirty years ago they tried to make a gen- eral line of goods, often with indif- ferent results. Probably no special line of brass manufacture has experienced greater changes than has that known as “plumbers’ goods.” Old readers of the Tradesman will remember when the height of plumbing progress was thought to have been reached by the introduction of the hopper closet with its built in wooden seat and conceal- ed lead pipe fittings. Thirty-three years practicaully bridges the span which has passed since the odorifer- ous, insanitary and unsightly hopper closets gave way to the clean, tidy and sanitary modern toilet of glazed white porcelain with its bright nickel trimmings. aggregate amounts to many millions of dollars annually. Practically all of this great business has grown up since the Tradesman was born, and, Mr. Editor, even with your prophectic vision of that time, you never dreamed that your model printing establishment would soon be lighted and your presses run by this mysterious force just then being in- troduced to the public. If you could have seen that your breakfast of eggs, toast and coffee would be cooked by electricity and your plate warmed thereby, that it would run a vacuum cleaner in your home; drive your laundry washing machine; run your wife’s sewing ma- chine; heat your shaving water and massage your body; besides perform- ing many other functions in your Daniel W. Tower. Even greater changes have come over the old style sheet metal bath tub and lavatory, and a modern bath room is now a delight to the eye, nearly everyone being finished in pure white, and what metal. must neces- sarily show finished in nickel. More money is now often spent on the bath room of a modern house than was expended thirty-years ago on the entire heating, water and gas systems of a home of that period. The introduction of steam and hot water heating systems has developed an extensive line of special brass fit- tings for this particular purpose. In the realm of electricity, the pop- ular introduction of this wonderful agent in our homes and factories has built up an entirely new and original line of brass products, which in the household would you not have printed in the Tradesman of that time that the day of miracles had come? In every one of these lines of electrical develop- ment the brass goods manufacturer has had a large and important part. Compare the chaste, artistic and useful electric fixtures now embellish- ing our homes with the inartistic gas fixtures of thirty-three years ago, and we are compelled to admit that in this interval the American people have, seemingly, made a century of progress. The manufacture of carburetors and other brass accessories for auto- mobiles was not thought of thirty- three years ago, but to-day there are millions of dollars of capital invest- ed in this line of brass products, De- troit being headquarters of this trade. October 25, 1916 Thirty-three years ago the house- wife either kept her ice in a wash tub covered with a carpet, or, in rare cases, nearly broke her back lifting the heavy lid of one of the old fashioned ice chests. In these later times she uses a modern sanitary re- frigerator of finished hard wood or shining white enamel. The manufac- ture of brass hardware for refrigera- tors has grown to be of considerable importance and is the result of spe- cializing and studying the require- ments for this particular use. A large share of the writer’s time, as an of- ficer of the Grand Rapids Brass Co. for the past thirty years, has been de- voted to inventing and perfecting the mechanism and designs of locks and hinges for the refrigerator trade. In time tastes materially changed, and in place of the showy ornamental brass trimmings of former years buy- ers now require plain polished simple hardware, finished mostly in nickel. It is a pity that keen competition and extremely high prices of metals pre- vailing to-day compel the use of much lighter hardware on_ refrigerators than should be the case, but until housewives demand more substantial hardware the use of the present light- er trimmings will continue. The extensive use of brass hard- ware in connection with the manu- facture of furniture in the United States dates back to the Centennial year, when furniture makers had an opportunity to study the cabinet work of Europe and thereby realize how crude and inartistic were their own productions, so far as design and cor- rect interpretation of style was con- cerned. In 1882 the writer first started the manufacture of furniture trimmings in Grand Rapids. A brass craze seems :0 have swept over the country about that time and furniture dealers de- manded more and more of brass dece- orations. Furniture makers of this and other places responded by liter- ally plastering their products with or- naments sawed from sheet brass, fast- ened in place with nails having large staring heads. The introduction of these sawed ornaments was a good thing for the manufacturers of brass trimmings. In one year the Grand Rapids Brass Co. cut 100 tons of sheet brass into ornaments for this purpose. In five or six years this ornamenta- tion was so overdone that the public rebelled and more artistic designs of cast metal were used instead. This furniture in time gave way to the plain and severer lines of the Colonial and Mission styles. In a few years even brass knobs and simple pulls were thrown aside, to be replaced with wood knobs, a change that played havoc with the business of the manufacturers of brass hard- ware. The last three years has seen quite a revival of brass pendant handles of period design, most of which are being used in dark antique finish. Furnj- ture trimmings to-day have to be cor- rect in design and are much more ar- tistic than they were ten or fifteen years ago when any old thing would go, provided the price and style caught the fancy of the factory man- ager, who often times had no knowl- oii saint “ ee ett ae < Mea 8 a paiihioee > October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 59 HE impression seems to exist that because a trust company is a large corporation it handles nothing but large estates. This is incorrect. This company with its twenty-five years of successful experience has in its charge many small estates and trusts to which it gives the same care that it does to estates and trusts involving hundreds of thousands of dollars. We have a booklet which tells you all about it. Send for it, and for a blank form of will. ‘THE MICHIGAN TRUST CoO. Of Grand Rapids This Will Interest the Milliner October is the clean-up month in Millinery. In accordance with our policy of selling all of this season’s hats, this season, so as to start next season with a clean slate, we have inaugurated a general clean-up sale for this month, on all untrimmed Velvet, Velour and Felt Hats for Ladies, Misses and Children. If interested send for further infor- mation and price lists. Shipments made same day of receipt of order. Corl, Knott & Co., Ltd. Commerce and Island Grand Rapids, Michigan 60 edge or comprehension of what was suitable for the furniture he was turn- ing out, The number of manufacturers en- gaged in the brass goods lines in Grand Rapids has increased from one in 1882 to seven in 1916. The annual business of these seven concerns will approximate $2,500,000, but this en- tire amount is not strictly brass goods, as each company’s output includes some lines of steel products. A great change has taken place dur- ing the past three or four years which is of a very serious nature to every manufacturer of brass goods. I refer to the tremendous advances in the price of all metals and supplies, lat- terly due to the breaking out of the European war. The following partial list of these advances will be of interest: Metals. Copper, 250 per cent. Zine (spelter), 300 to 500 per cent. Steel, 150 to 200 per cent. Lead, 125 per cent. Aluminum, 300 per cent. Supplies. Crucibles, 500 to 600 per cent. and almost worthless from lack of Hes- sian clay. Chemicals, 100 to 900 per cent. and many unobtainable. Paper and twine, 250 per cent. Screws, 60 per cent. Sundry supplies, 100 per cent. Labor, 35 to 40 per cent. What is the result of this showing? The brass manufacturer advances his prices, but he can not get his cus- tomers to see the justice of his case and pay him all he is really entitled to under these new conditions. The customer grudgingly agrees to pay a portion of the advance justified, but comes back with the argument that the manufacturer js bluffing. Let us see if he is. The foreign governments have contracted for nearly half of next year’s production of copper in the United States at high figures and the largest share of the metal to be shipped to foreign ports next year is still unmined. The brass mills of the country are so driven that they won’t promise to deliver sheets, rods, tubing or wire in many instances before eight to twelve months after the order is placed. Our firm used to have orders filled in thirty to sixty days. The steel mills producing hot and cold rolled steel, extensively used in sheet metal goods, won't guarantee any date of delivery, but give estimates of from ten to six- teen months. We have at the present time unfilled orders for steel which were placed in November and Decem- ber of last year. In order to have any stock of materials and supplies with which to fill his orders. the manufacturer is now compelled ta buy from twelve to eighteen months ahead and pay the advanced prices above mentioned. This ties up so much of his capital that $1 at the present writing is about equivalent to 50c three years ago. This puts the manufacturer of brass goods “between the devil and the deep sea,” for the Federal Govern- ment says that producers cannot get together and agree on a fair advance in prices, based on new conditions. As MICHIGAN TRADESMAN though this were not a sufficient hard- ship, Congress, coerced by a President sworn to protect the interests of all the people, enacts a law compelling the railroads to pay ten hours’ wages for eight hours’ work. This is class legislation of the rankest type and the effect on labor is already being felt in all industries of the land. Men employed in factories logically begin to reason that if prices for railroad labor can be established by act of Congress they should have the same consideration. And they are right. Please bear in mind that the writer has been a workman all his life and wants to see labor paid all that the industry will warrant, compatible with the price of materials and the cost of running a business. If industries are to be compelled to pay for these tremendous advances of materials and labor they should also be allowed by law to co-operate and charge the public the legitimate prices that such advances warrant. In the matter of terms prevailing in the brass trades, considerable im- provement has been effected in thirty- three years’ time, terms having been cut in most cases from ninety to thirty days, with 1 per cent. discount for cash. However, as an offset, the metal dealers and rolling mills offer no cash discount, their terms being net. Concerning the development of the munition business in our Eastern States since the breaking out of the European war, this product has grown to tremendous proportions, and the absorption of the largest share of the product of the rolling mills by this trade is the main cause of the latter’s inability to fill orders coming from old regular trade. Whatever amount of money the munition manufacturers may make will be a good thing for the country as a whole, for the reason that the more abundant the supply of ammu- nition the sooner the war will be brought to a close, and in the mean- time our own Government, which has been so lacking in real preparedness, will have the plants and experience of the American producers to rely on in case of trouble for our own Nation Daniel W. Tower. ———~+--___ A Change of Name. Charles Deadhead, who lives in Louisiana, has a record for quick pay- ment of his debts, and he believes he should not be compelled to go through life with the handicap of this name. Accordingly, he has petitioned the Legislature for a new name. Mr. Deadhead’s petition should be allow- ed, and he should be given a name giving less cause for comment. But the Louisiana Legislature, the Kansas Legislature, and other Legislatures will do well to pass laws permitting suffering merchants to plaster the name the Louisiana man seeks to dis- card upon such of their customers as may need it, and compel them to wear it to church on Sunday.—Emporia Gazette. —_~+--.__ Let the customer talk, but don’t let him talk too much. See that you don’t miss a chance to say your little Say. High-Salaried Office Boys. You read the other day this news- Paper headline, “Office Boy Gets $125,000 Salary.” Of course he does. Who else in America compares with the ex-office boy, in drawing a big pay envelope? Mr. Stotesbury was an office boy in a bank, and I heard him say he got $16 a month, Mr. Carnegie was a telegraph messenger boy earning less than that. Mr. Rockefeller was a grocery store boy. In our country the youthful prince often succeeds, but he fails relatively oftener than does the office boy. He is not eternally being lashed by ne- ecssity when young to earn money, and learning to earn money to buy necessities teaches the office boy how to mint money. Nobody ever learned to play base- ball by sitting in the grand stand. You can watch auction bridge ten years and have a big slam made against you every time if you try to learn by watching alone. General Goethals didn’t learn how to dig the Panama canal by wearing kid gloves and going to horse shows. Nor did Dr. John B. Deaver learn how to perform surgical operations by at- tending the assembly balls. Hunger and a hard bed keep kick- ing the office boy into bettering his financial condition and the first thing he knows he has more money and rep- utation than the fellow who started as a prince. Goldsmith told about a dog that bit a man, but the dog and not the man died. It has got to be a novelty in America when office boys are not get- ting the $125,000 salaries. Frank Stowell. — +2. Do You Want to Live Long. How old do you expect to be when you die? Few people think seriously about death until their health begins to break. By and by they find that they are not as young as they used to be. Then they consult a doctor. When they find that he can only make temporary repairs to their anat- omy they join the church. The Tradesman was talking with a prominent physician recently about the age of Ann, and everybody else— or, rather, the physician was doing the talking. “An ordinary human being,” said he, “born with all his organs atune, should live, barring accident, to be 125 years old. The child should be taught to take care of himself. In the first place, he should be taught to eat slowly. His parents should study food values, and see that his meals are properly balanced. The teeth, above all, should be given proper attention. The child should be up with the sun, and should go to bed as soon after dark as possible, so as to protect the eyes from artificial light. He should be encouraged to play hard, but not too hard. If his muscles are over developed it will be at the ex- pense of some other portion of his anatomy. “As he grows up he should become temperate in all things. He should eat only food containing the proper ingredients, and above all should not over eat. There are more people kill- October 25, 1916 ed in this country by over eating than by over drinking. But at that, he should not over drink. A certain amount of alcohol is needed ‘in the system, but this he can get in foods. Light wines, diluted with water, are healthful in most cases. Above all, he should eschew narcotics, He should not use tobacco in any form. And he should keep himself in such perfect physical condition that he will need no drugs or medicines. Private diseases ruin ten times as many lives as whisky, and yet false modesty pre- vents the majority of young people from even being warned against them. If one would live his alloted time he must be absolutely abstemious in this regard. “No person should gamble. There is an excitement about it which is very bad for the nervous system. Horse races, automobile races, baseball contests, theatrical entertainments, motion pictures which contain thrills. in fact anything which tends to excite one, should be shunned. One may ride in an automobile but he should drive at a very moderate rate of speed, and take no chances. “Follow this advice, and the aver- age man will live to be at least 100. and should add another quarter cen- tury above that to his life. Of course he may have inherited some disease which will break out in later life and shorten his years, but that is impos- sible to foresee.” It seems strange that people should be so careless of their health when by following a few simple rules like the above they have a fairly good chance of living to a ripe old age. ——_+---2—_____ Important Asset For Any Store. A gloomy store! One gets the first saddening impression from the win- dows. As one steps inside the feel- ing of depression is intensified. The fixtures look shabby and old, the building itself has a curious air of neglect. Merchandise that should look fresh, crisp and inviting gathers from the surrounding atmosphere a worn and drab and unprepossessing appearance. Even the employes take on an air of dejection. Really the trouble with such a store is its lack of life. It isn’t a question of rebuild- ing or refurnishing the store; it is simply a matter of more brushing up, more polishing, more brightening up, more paint, more cleanliness, more ginger, more life, more pride. Pro- prietors and heads of stores should go around a bit and see what other merchants are doing. They should not forget that their customers go around to other stores and in most cases do not go around with their eyes closed. Your balance sheet may be perfectly Satisfactory this year, may have been perfectly satisfactory in preceding years, but that is no guaranty that it is going to continue Satisfactory, and an air of gloom around your store will not help its continuance. In every line of com- petition, from job-hunting to mer- chandising, a smart, clean and fresh appearance is an important asset. —~---.—____ If men received all they pray for they would soon be too lazy to get out of each others’ way. October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN FOSTER, STEVENS & CO. 157-159 Monroe ae N. W. 151 to 161 Louis St. Oldest Hardware House in Michigan HE house of Foster, Stevens & Co. was founded in 1837 by Wilder D. Foster. In subsequent years the style was Foster & Parry, Foster & Martin and the Foster, Martin, Metcalf Company, and finally, in 1870, the present name of Foster, Stevens & Co. was adopted with Frank W. Foster and Wilder D. Stevens as partners. In 1882 the Foster interest was taken over and a new partnership formed, made up of Wilder D. Stevens, Charles C. Philbrick, Sidney F. Stevens and Charles F. Rood. This partnership con- tinued uninterrupted for thirty-two years until the death of Mr. Philbrick in February, 1914, and Mr. Rood in June, 1914. During all these years not only were the partners business associates, but they were strong personal friends. Founded in 1837. Same firm name since 1870. Incorporated 1914. Capital Stock $300,000. President—WILDER D. STEVENS. Vice-President—SIDNEY F. STEVENS. Vice-President—EDWARD A. ROOD. Secretary—WALLACE C. PHILBRICK. Treasurer—ARTHUR D. PERRY. Directors—THE OFFICERS, WILLIAM S. COLEMAN and J. HARVEY MANN. We believe that our record for seventy-nine consecutive years, dur- ing which time we have served the trade well and faithfully, will ensure us the continued confidence, co-operation and patronage of the retail trade of Michigan It could hardly be otherwise when it is remem- bered that we have builded our business on a foundation as solid as the Rock of Gibraltar. Square Dealing---Honest Values---Good Service ne eee NNR neers, 62 THE FURNITURE TRADE. Wonderful Development of Grand Rapids’ Greatest Industry. Written for the Tradesman. The manufacture of furniture for the wholesale trade is a comparatively new industry. It is only within the past half of a century that it has assumed con- siderable importance. Before the war between the states, the furniture used in the homes of the American people, in most localities, was either made by domestic cabinet makers by hand or was imported from England, France, Hol- land, Germany and Italy. The Ameri- can cabinet makers were skilled work- men. Whenever their patrons sought for something better than the common wood seat chairs and rockers, the bed- steads with round rails, without panels in the ends, the common drop leaf table and the flimsy what-not, they were able to supply the demand. Many fine specimens of artistic de- sign and skillful workmanship remain to attest the ability and the integrity of the old cabinet makers. The furniture imported anterior to, and following, the revoluntary period represented the art of France during the periods of Kings Louis 13, 14, 15 and 16, the Empire of Napoleon, and those famous designers and artisans of England, Chippendale, Sheraton, Hepplewhite and_ brothers Adam and_ their contemporaries. In reproducing the works of those masters of their art, the cabinet makers of the revolutionary period accomplished per- haps not so well what manufacturers of Grand Rapids are doing to-day. The tools used were few and simple, but to the initiated the results obtained were little less than marvelous. When one studies the graceful lines, the deep cut and beautifully shaped carvings and inlays, the honest joining revealed in the construction of the antique furni- ture, seen in many homes, there is a disposition to award to the maker the credit that is so freely accorded to those who have won distinction in the fine arts, in literature and in the sciences. With the introduction of wood work- ing machinery and the expansion of the facilities for carrying on domestic com- merce, the business of manufacturing furniture for the wholesale trade had its inception; and its importance has grown so rapidly that the output of the factories of the United States, operated in the production of furniture, is valued at $100,000,000 annually. In recent years machinery has been employed by the manufacturers of furniture in Europe on a limited scale, but the greater part of the furniture sold in London, Paris and Berlin and other commercial centers is turned out by hand. Almost every process in the manufacture of furniture —cutting the lumber, planing, jointing, joining, sanding, polishing and finishing —is now performed by machinery, leav- ing little for the cabinet maker to do besides assembling the parts necessary to construct a dresser, a desk, a bed or a cabinet and trimming the same. In the furniture manufacturing cen- ters of the United States the art of the old cabinet maker is rapidly passing away. So perfect is the work produced by machinery that the general Govern- ment, which formerly specified in its MICHIGAN contracts for furniture that all dove- tails, carvings, veneers, glue blocks and other special pieces should be cut by hand, now gives the preference to machine made products. The manufacture of furniture for the wholesale trade was commenced in Grand Rapids about the year 1860, when the Winchester brothers opened a small factory on Lyon street, in the rear of the Commercial Savings Bank. Later the Pullman brothers opened a small factory on Erie street, on the site of the office building of the Bissell Carpet Sweeper Co. Their efforts were con- fined largely to the making of furniture to order. A few samples of their work may .be seen in the court house. The Winchesters were unsuccessful in their undertaking, but when the late C. C. Comstock acquired an interest in the business the fortunes of the firm TRADESMAN samples cover several acres of space) displayed upon the floors of the local warerooms during the furniture exposi- tion seasons. The Widdicomb brothers returned from the war between the states early in the year 1865 and, com- bining their capital, established a small factory on the canal, near Bridge street. A line of spindle bedsteads was pro- duced, but the output was so small that it was purchased entirely by William Haldane for his retail business. As late as 1866 the salesmen carried small models, made of wood, of the goods they had for sale. On one of his visits to the retailers, the late Elias Matter met a man at one of the hotels in Jack- son, Mich., who was engaged in selling baby carriages with the aid of photo- graphs of the pieces composing the line manufactured by his house. Mr. Matter recognized the adaptability of photog- Arther S. White. improved greatly. The products of the factory were shipped by water to Mil- waukee and Chicago and later Mr. Com- stock established stores in Peoria and St. Louis for the Purpose of placing the goods on sale in those cities. The late William A. Berkey established a fac- tory for the manufacture of sash, doors and blinds on the East side canal early in the sixties and soon afterward Julius Berkey commenced the manufacture of cheap furniture on a small scale, occu- pying a loft in the same building. A fter- ward he was joined by William A. Ber- key, Elias Matter and the late George W. Gay. The Berkey & Gay Furniture Co. is the outgrowth of the enterprise. Small, five drawer bureaus, center ta- bles and what-nots constituted the line, which did not number more than twenty pieces, and would appear as of little consequence if placed in comparison with the magnificent line of goods (the raphy to the business of selling furni- ture and upon his return to Grand Rap- ids the local photographers were em- ployed to make negatives and prints representing the goods manufactured by his firm. Other manufacturers quick- ly recognized the value of the discovery and ever since the camera has played a very important part in the business of selling furniture. Another plan for marketing the wares of the manfactur- ers was the loading of cars with goods which were dispatched to various parts of the country in charge of an agent. When the car arrived in a city or vil- lage where there were prospects for trade, it was side tracked and the deal- ers invited to inspect the contents. The goods purchased were delivered imme- diately and then the car was consigned to another town and so on until its contents were disposed of. Charles R. Sligh introduced Grand Rapids furni- October 25, 1916 ture to the trade of Texas by this means, traversing the whole length and breadth of the vast territory contained within its borders. He thoroughly per- formed his work and our manufacturers have since enjoyed a very heavy trade with the dealers of that State as the result of his energy and enterprise, As late as 1882 one of the companies engaged in making chairs in Grand Rapids filled large trunks with sample chairs (in the knock down, to employ a trade term) and shipped the same to New York, Philadelphia and other cen- ters of trade. These were followed by an agent who leased sample rooms at the hotels, and after spending consider- able time in taking the chairs from the trunks and setting them up, the agent visited the dealers and invited them to call at the hotel and inspect the samples. Early in the history of the industry low priced bedroom furniture Was man- ufactured almost exclusively. Of the sixteen factories operated in Grand Rapids in the year 1880, ten produced goods of this class. With the steadily advancing cost of lumber, the manu- facture of cheap furniture was gradu- ally discontinued, and at present prac- tically none is turned out in our city. Imported cabinet woods are used large- ly. Almost perfect workmanship has been attained in the shops, and it is in consequence of these facts that Grand Rapids has gained undisputed leadership among the recognized furniture centers of the United States, Immense quantities of veneers dre used. The veneering family of Dickens would appear ridiculous in comparison with the great family of workmen em- ployed in laying veneers in the furni- ture factories of our city. These work- men lay the veneers so skillfully as to deceive many experts in their knowledge of timber. Considerable birch and ma- ple, stained to imitate mahogany, is used in the construction of medium priced goods, An incident in the life of the late William A. Berkey is worth mentioning. A party of nine buyers of furniture met by chance in the ware- room of the William A. Berkey Furni- ture Co, one morning, and Mr. Berkey directed their attention to a group of tables. “Gentlemen” he remarked, “there is one table cut out of solid ma- hogany lumber in this lot; birch was used in making the others, I will give the mahogany table to the man who shall put his hand on it first.” Each of the group selected a table and awaited the award promised by Mr. Berkey. “None of you have located it,” remarked Mr. Berkey, as he indicated the prize. “You will notice by lifting this table that it is heavier than the others,” which was the only difference apparent in the lot. Twenty years ago folding beds were manufactured by eight firms or corpora- tions; none are produced here at pres- ent. The comic newspapers and the advent of the luxurious sofa bed de- stroyed the market for the upright, the combination and the mantle bed. No upholstered furniture was produced in the city in 1895. Ten factories are now operated exclusively in the manufacture of this class of goods. Thirty-three years ago, when the Tradesman com- menced its career of usefulness, no > g ee ee lca i call “ a aR St ee ee i? tee October 25, 1916 Mr. Merchant: As you “doy ride” through the country you judge the farmer by the neat, tidy appearance of his buildings, the well tilled crops, the well kept lawn, ete. But— did you ever stop to think that each prospective customer who enters your store judges You as a merchant by the general “up-to- date” appearance of the fixtures you have. The fixtures of twenty years ago do not give a store the progressive up-to-date look that is de- manded by the buying public of to-day. The Grand Rapids Store Fixture Company, 7 Tonia, N.W., is in a position to furnish you fine up-to-date fixtures in NEW or USED at a price you can afford to pay. We shall be pleased to correspond with any merchant who wishes to make some changes and can usually take your old fixtures in exchange. We are always pleased to make estimates or offer suggestions to our customers and will endeavor to give a square deal to all. GRAND RAPIDS STORE FIXTURE COMPANY MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 63 r Ce 4g SELL LOWELL GARMENTS and have satisfied customers =) = 1! = a Our Spring Lines are now ready and we guarantee to fill all orders we accept. LADIES’ Gingham, Percale, Lawn and Fleeced Housedresses, Sacques, Wrappers, Kimonos, Aprons and Breakfast Sets, Crepe Slip- ons, Middy Blouses, Outing Flannel Night-gowns and Pajamas. CHILDREN’S Gingham and Percale Dresses, Middy Blouses, Outing Flannel and Crepe Night-gowns and Pajamas. MEN’S Outing Flannel and Muslin Night-shirts and Pajamas. lH= IGIL I= Ie Out Sizes and Stouts for Men and Women a Specialty. LOWELL MANUFACTURING CO. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Za WHOLESALE Flour, Feed, Bags, ‘Twine Baker’s Machinery and Supplies Waxed Paper Bread Wrappers Dry Milk, Powdered Egg Cooking Oil Everything for Bakers, Flour and Feed Dealers eS ROY BAKER Wm. Alden Smith Bldg. GRAND RAPIDS MICHIGAN l | SIE SS SS Se The Unvaried Unusual Excellence of Brook’s Valeur Bitter Sweets instantly delights your customers, Mr. Retailer. Satisfied customers are big fac- tors in Always have a generous supply of these your success. delicious confections in stock. Send us your orders early. your ‘Srooks (Procks, A. E BROOKS & CO. Grand Rapids, Mich. ss ten EN TERR TT ae Tee 64 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 office desks, parlor or fancy furniture, metal furniture or refrigerators were produced in Grand Rapids. A few styles of cheap chairs, poorly construct- ed, were given only incidental attention by the visiting buyers. At present the output of several factories consists of fancy furniture, office cabinets, filing cases and desks, while in the manufac- ture of chairs of medium and high grade, Grand Rapids leads in the United States. The largest factory operated in the manufacture of refrigerators is located in Grand Rapids and several large plants produce furniture for the office made of steel and other metals. The number of factories operated in the manufacture of furniture in Grand Rapids has increased since 1883 from sixteen to seventy-four. With but few exceptions the operators of the factories occupy building that were erected with- in recent years. Of the factories oper- ated in 1883 only parts of the plants of the Grand Rapids Chair Co., the Berkey & Gay Furniture Co., the Phoe- nix, the Widdicomb and the Nelson- Matter Co. remain. The value of the output of the factories has increased from three to about fifteen millions of dollars annually. The average number of car load lot shipments made by the manufacturers of Grand Rapids during the past seven months is one hunderd; the open car inter- urban and water shipments during the same period were probably one- half as large. The number of buyers who came to Grand Rapids to inspect the samples of new goods in the year i883 was less than one hundred. In July last upwards of 1,800 came to Grand Rapids for the purpose stated. The semi-annual expositions of fur- niture embrace the lines of both local and out-of-town manufacturers. Three hundred and thirty-five lines of sam- ples, covering forty acres of floor space, were exhibited in July last. Some of the exhibits contain as high as 2,000 pieces in various woods and finishes. The character of the exposition is so high that the best class of merchants come to Grand Rapids, many to remain from one to three weeks, for the pur- pose of selecting stock and placing or- ders. The lines of most of the local manufacturers are trade marked and thousands of consumers demand _ this evidence of integrity from the dealers in furniture before they make purchases of articles needed for their homes or offices, In normal times buyers representing m2ny foreign countries are met in Grand Rapids during the exposition seasons. The factories located in Grand Rapids are larger, as a rule, than those of other recognized furniture manufacturing centers, hence the owners are enabled to carry a sufficient quantity of stock to enable them to fill orders quite promptly. Many of the largest factories were erected within the past decade. The furniture manfuacturing indus- try has grown to considerable impor- tance in Detroit, Sturgis, Owosso, Mus- kegon, Holland, Zeeland, and_ other points in the State of Michigan since the birth of the Tradesman and at Hastings, Charlotte, Traverse City, Manistee, Big Rapids and Saginaw large modern factories have been operated successfully, A study of the styles of furniture is very interesting and profitable. From the heavy, bare and box like work of the middle ages the artisan has pro- gressed steadily until his occupation is closely allied to the fine arts. For a long time the Gothic lines employed so effectively in architecture were used. but the growing desire for something different inspired the artisans to under- take the task of meeting the require- ments of their patrons. The artisans were given substantial encouragement by royalty and the nobility, and, while very much of the furniture produced lacked merit, the results finally achieved rewarded the effort. When the manufacture of furniture for the wholesale trade was undertaken in Grand Rapids but little attention was given to designing. The owners of the shops were poor, and _ their energies were directed to the manufacture and sale of as many goods as it was possible to produce. Machine made mouldings and hastily cut, meaningless carvings were glued to the tops, posts and rails of the bedsteads, the drawer fronts of dressers and the legs of tables wherever space would permit. Occasionally a strip of walnut veneer was attached to a bed or dresser made of white ash or red oak to serve as ornament. Painted or grained panels in imitation of figured walnut followed and as late as 1885 two or three factories were operated in the production of cottage or painted furniture, in which loud colors were used so generously as to excite the envy of the gay young man, with his over- powering hose and ties. The operator of the carving machine made his ap- pearance about twenty-five years ago and added line carvings to the decora- tions applied to the furniture. He spread branches of the oak and the maple over the whole fronts of the dressing cases and chiffoniers, and hung strings of acorns upon the bedsteads wherever space would permit. The people evinced a lack of taste and of knowledge of the, value of art in me- chanics and purchased the shockingly bad work of the manufacturers eagerly. The exposition held in Philadelphia in 1876 served to awaken the minds of local manufacturers to a realization of their shortcomings. As power ever ac- companies knowledge, a speedy response was made to the demand for better fur- niture for the home, the office and for public institutions. The furniture exhibited at Philadel- phia by our manufacturers “weighed” more than the exhibits from France, Italy and England, but in no other re- spect was it superior to the samples furnished by the old world. In the efforts to improve the designs of their work and to make a show of originality, the manufacturers adopted the compo- site styles seen so often in the architec- ture of the present. Classic lines of almost every era and country were in- termingled without regard to harmony or conscience. French legs were em- ployed to support Dutch cabinets, carv- ings of the Napoleonic period were used to decorate Flemish chairs, and the art of the Moors and the Italians were mis- used as well. But in this struggle to attain knowledge of the beautiful in the mechanic arts, steady progress was made and to-day, to repeat a remark uttered by Prof. Griffiths, the Director of the Art Museum at Detroit, in a lec- ture delivered at the Ryerson Library: “Grand Rapids makes the most beauti- ful and also the ugliest furniture in the world.” Prof. Griffiths failed to add this fact, however, “The greater part of the furniture manufactured in Grand Rapids is beautiful; only a small part is ugly.” Arthur S. White. —_22.>—___ Increasing the Efficiency of Clerks. Efficiency is the big word of our day. We hear it at every turn and it is required in every walk of life. Business competition is so close and the pressure so severe, that only those who can produce the largest percent- age of efficiency with a given output of time, money and energy are sure of arriving at their goal. The great- est waste is the waste of time and en- ergy. This is the place where money is lost. Most of our clerks in stores do not appreciate the meaning of efficiency, as they only think of closing time and paydays and those are the ones who set bad examples to their fel- low clerks, who are striving to pro- duce the results and rise to the head of their professsion. Efficiency is the highest reward in every department of life and the test is being applied everywhere in every calling. To produce efficiency to be- come a better clerk and merchant is attributed to many qualities, all of which are possible. They are ain- bition, honesty, determination, per- sonal appearance and a study of the merchandise you have for sale. The clerks, who are practicing these things to-day are the ones who are making a mark in their line of profession. We all can apply these things. There are many who try them for a while, but soon get tired, not having the de- termination, and fall back in the same old rut, and soon they are on the look- out for another position. Sometimes they make up their minds to be more determined in their efforts and they are profited by the change and some never amount to anything. I believe the management of stores has a great deal to do with increasing the efficiency of the clerks. I think you should have your clerks to un- derstand your routine of business and they understand you, as friction in an organization can not endure. Let them know the store and merchandise has to be kept clean, as the employ- er’s business depends on the appear- ance of his store, politeness to the customers and the watchfulness and study of the trade. By getting the clerks into these habits they soon begin to take an interest in their duties. Also, I believe, where there are many clerks in service, the man- agers should have weekly meetings, getting the ideas and suggestions of each one on the happenings of the week and on different matters pertaining to selling, to handling of customers. methods of delivering, old and hard stocks and the rearrangement of the store to make a new appearance, also going over the prices of different mer. chandise. All this will get the con- fidence of your clerks and will lead to better efficiency. Every store manager knows a well- kept and clean store is the best ad- vertisement a merchant can get, also it makes everybody feel proud of his position and place of business. It is always better to let your clerk un- derstand he is not paid to do only one thing in the store, but anything he is called on to do, for the clerk who never does more than he is paid for will never be paid for more than he does. As I have stated before, and organ- ization of the clerks in a store has a great deal to do with the increasing efficiency of each one, for it produces pleasant feelings, by actions, appear- ance to each other and harmony in the work around the store. The clerk who never smiles drives the customer away from him by his unpleasant looks; the clerk who is courteous to his customer at all times and meets him with a smile can always count on the trade coming back to him. Nox only that, he gains ground every day, for it is circulated around about his pleasant looks and willingness to wait on the trade at all times. This kind of actions shown by clerks will make customers and they are never for- gotten. If you have friction in your store force you had better get the trouble out of the way, for the clerk who never smiles and has no pleasant word for anyone is generally the one who is causing the dissatisfaction among the force. Harmony must be maintained among your clerks or you will never produce the results desired. The clerk who sits around on the counters and ledges and waits for the customers to come and ask him for something will never prosper and the management is to blame. Store managers can be of a great deal of assistance to the clerks, if they will give them the proper atten- tion and show their appreciation of the work, mix with them and discuss the ‘business, for many clerks think their managers do not appreciate what they do, for they never make any re- marks about what they have done, whether satisfactory or not and this is one cause of the clerks staying in the same old ruts. T. H. Tutwiler. Progressive Isle of Man. The laws of the Isle of Man have long been advanced. Every woman, widow, or spinster, in the Isle of Man. whether she be Owner, occupier or lodger, enjoys the parliamentary fran- chise, Every widow enjoys half her husband’s personal estate and has a life interest in his real estate, and she cannot be deprived of this by will. The sale of cigarettes and intoxicants to children was forbidden in Man for years before such a prohibition was enforced in England itself. England has legislated mildly against money lenders. The highest interest that can be charged for a loan in the Isle of Man is 6 per cent., and that has been the law for over two hundred years. And there are many other instances in which Manx lawmakers have adopted Progressive measures with entire success, Send eermemniies Most men would be ashamed to preach half what they practice. aa ee eee ee nn ot oe DD ere SS ae HT WM October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 65 A Hundred Thousand Strong That’s the size of the army that every year passes through the Home of Shredded Wheat It is an army that inspects every detail of its manufacture from the whole wheat grain to the crisp, golden brown Biscuits of whole wheat. This army of “advertisers” is making business for you. You don’t have to “talk” Shredded Wheat to your customers. It is the best adver- tised cereal food in America. A fair deal for a fair dealer. This Biscuit is packed in odorless spruce wood cases, which may be easily sold for 10 or 15 cents, thereby adding to the grocer’s profits. Made only by The Shredded Wheat Co Niagara Falls, N. Y. You Can Buy Flour — SAXOLIN Paper-Lined Cotton Sanitary Sacks DUST PROOF DIRT PROOF MOISTURE PROOF BREAKAGE PROOF The Sack that keeps the Flour IN and the Dirt OUT Ask Your Miller in Your Town —he can give you his flour in this sack Our co-operative advertising plan makes the flour you sell the best advertised flour in your community For samples and particulars write THE CLEVELAND-AKRON BAG CO., CLEVELAND DUTCH MASTERS SECONDS Will stimulate your trade Handled by all jobbers G. J. JOHNSON CIGAR CO., Makers GRAND RAPIDS AtPurity Patent” Mills They have originated and always kept up the high standard of quality in Purity Patent Flour by knowing how to make good bread. Every single sack that leaves the mill is guaranteed. Send us your order or write for exclusive sale on PURITY PATENT for your market. We are located at the corner Scribner Ave. and G.R.& I. R.R., close to all freight houses with minimum haul for all deliveries. Our Elevator, Flour, Feed and Hay warehouses have side track delivery. Wecarry a full line of Badger Dairy and Horse Feeds, Dried Brewer Grains, Beet Pulp, Oil Meal, Cotton Seed Meal, Bran, Middlings, Etc. YOURS FOR BUSINESS Grand Rapids Grain & Milling Co. L. FRED PEABODY, Manager MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 TRUST COMPANIES. Only One in Michigan Thirty-Three Years Ago. Written for the Tradesman. The name “trust company” was first adopted in the United States and is the name given to corporations or- ganized to act in fiduciary capacities. There is no Federal Jaw under which trust companies can organize. Each state has enacted separate laws under which the organizations have been built-up. These laws were born oi a real need of somebody or some. thing having large financial responsi- bility and perpetual existence to take the place of private individuals in the administration of estates, the execu- tion of trusts created by wills and private agreement and to act as the right hand of courts as guardian of minors, spendthrifts and incompe- tents, receiver, assignee for creditors and in other similar capacities. Or- ganized under state laws, trust com- panies are distinctly state institutions, subject to examination and control by the state banking departments, yet, the Federal Government through the United States courts, has recog- nized their decided advantages and desirability by their very frequent ap- pointment of trust companies in trust capacities. The laws relating to trust com- panies differ widely in the various states. Under some, the powers of the organizations are very broad, en- abling the companies to do almost any kind of business, including banking. Companies organized under these broad laws not only do a general trust business, but also discount pa- per, buy and sell exchange, take both commercial and savings deposits—in fact, transact a general banking busi- ness. In many instances their bank- ing features and activities far exceed their purely trust business. So far as I am able to learn, there were not more than fifty organized trust companies in the entire United States a third of a century ago. To- day more than two thousand organ- izations are doing a2 trust business, many of them combining with the trust feature, banking, mortgage loans, guaranty of titles, safety de- posits and other activities. The first act authorizing the incor- poration of trust companies in Mich- igan was enacted by the Legislature of 1871. Under its provisions the cap- ital could not be less than $50,000, nor more than $250,000, and only $30,- 000 of capital was required to be paid in before commencing business, Com- panies organized under the Act of 1871 could not act as executor, ad- ministrator, guardian, receiver or in any similar capacity, but had power to act only as trustee under private agreement. The Fidelity Loan & Trust Com- pany, Michigan’s first trust company, was organized at Detroit under the 1871 act. This company was prac- tically an auxiliary of the Preston National Bank, and, with the City Savings Bank of Detroit, went into liquidation after the Frank C. An- drews failure in 1902. It never did an extensive business. In 1889 the trust company act was amended, enlarging the powers of companies organized thereunder and requiring a minimum capital of $300,- 000, except in cities of less than 100,000 population where the capital might be smaller. The maximum capital was fixed at $5,000,000. The amended law permitted trust companies, among other things, to act under appoint- ment by courts as administrator, ex- ecutor, guardian, receiver, assignee, etc., and hold in trust such real and personal property as might be trans- ferred to them by persons or cor- porations, to act as agents for the transaction of business and manage- ment of estates, to guarantee titles, take deposits, operate safe deposit vaults and to make ioans secured by mortgages on real estate or by col- lateral. The Legislature, adhering to Rapids, as is also the fact that Ralph Stone, now President of the Detroit Trust Company, the largest in Mich- igan, served his apprenticeship and gained his first experience in the trust business in the Michigan Trust Company under Mr. Withey. I want, here, to extend to Mr. Withey, the pioneer, now and for more than a quarter of a century the President of Michigan’s oldest trust company, sincere felicitations. In 1891 the Union Trust Company of Detroit was organized with a cap- ital of $500,000. Then came the De- troit Trust Company in 1900, with a capital of $500,000; the Superior Trust Company of Hancock in 1902, with a capital of $100,000; the Security Trust Company of Detroit in 1906, with a capital of $250,000, later increased to Robert D. Graham. the idea that trust business should not be mixed with commercial banking, prohibited trust companies from doing a general banking business. The fact, that trust companies in Michigan cannot do a general bank- ing business, has tended to limit their organization, except in the larger cities where a considerable volume of business is available. Nevertheless, there are now in Michigan seven trust companies doing a trust business, and one—the Saginaw Valley Trust Com- pany—about to begin operations, Soon after the enactment of the amendment of 1889, Lewis H. Withey and Anton G. Hodenpyl organized the Michigan Trust Company at Grand Rapids, with a capital of $200,000—the first real trust company in Michigan This is a matter of just pride to Grand $500,000; the Grand Rapids Trusi Company in 1913, with a capital of $300,000 and in 1916 the Guaranty Trust Company of Detroit, with a capital of $300,000. The combined capital surplus and undivided profits of trust companies in Michigan to-day aggregate nearly ten million dollars. 1 have not given the deposits of the trust companies because, while they have some de- posits, deposits are not a true meas- ure of the companies’ influence or suc- cess or volume of business, for their true and legitimate functions are the handling of estates, the care of prop- erties, the investment of funds and similar matters of fiduciary character. If the subject of this article was confined to trust companies in Mich- igan, I would write, “There were no trust companies in Michigan a third of a century ago,’ and one-half of my task would be done. Trust companies have come and grown, simply and only, because busi- ness—big and littlke—and the people needed them. Their growth has been enormous, but at all times natural and normal. Trust companies in Michigan and in nearly all the states are authorized to act as executor and trustee under wills, adminstrator of estates, guardian of minors, incompe- tents and spendthrifts, receiver of the property of individuals or corpora- tions in financial distress, fiscal agents for cities and other municipalities, trustee under mortgages securing bonds, register and transfer agents of bonds and stocks, trustee of the management of any business prop- erty, or of any kind, depositary of individual moneys or trust funds, agent for the investment of money, and in many other similar capacities. In former years most of these things were done by individuals. In the very nature of things the carry- ing out of a large percentage of the trusts created cover a long and in- definite period, as, for instance, the performance of a trust created by a will or the execution of the will it- self. If an individual is named as executor and trustee, he may, and often does, die before the provisions of the will are carried out and even before the death of the testator, or he may be capable when the will is made and become entirely incompe- tent before the trust is executed. A large percentage of the time of courts has been taken up with cases where individuals as executors, ad- ministrators, guardians or trustees have misappropriated (or failed to properly account for) moneys or property coming into their control. Many of these cases arise from the practice of individuals m‘xing the money of the estates with their own or failure to keep and render proper accounts. For these and many sim- ilar ills there was but one remedy,— namely, an institution chartered by the state, of large financial responsi- bility and assured existence, whose books and act were subject to in- speetion by state authorities, and whose directors and officers were men of experience—experts in the varied work to be done. And so came the trust companies and so they have grown. No hot-house methods have been necessary to force their growth. In earlier years there was some dis- trust, due to prejudice and ignorance of their purposes and methods, but the public have learned, and are learn- ing. They are learning that every transaction of a_ trust company is subject to examination by the State Bank Commissioner: that its very ex- istence depends upon _ its integrity and efficiency; that if money is need- ed to repair or improve property to make it productive or more salable, the trust company is able to furnish it; that estates entrusted to it have the attention of trust officers—experts in their particular line of work; that it costs no more, but often less, to have an experienced, capable and fi- nancially responsible trust company as executor, administrator or guardian he he wn er m- by si- se in- nd en ied ive ive th. lis - ice ut rn- ate eX- ‘ity ed- to yle, 7 (a October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN ‘ ee pi CM ison ae " i . Chal a : Pa hi MALE AR aaLeS eae ers Mi mest! iw cc CE A a TD) > So —S—— BAC DLE TLAV ALTE Ta 12902 da POUNDS NET WEIGHT WHY IS KARO THE MOST POPULAR SYRUP? uu ina ee agbuees , oma a aa I uc— ap J BECAUSE — Its wholesomeness and delicious flavor have given it a nation-wide reputation. Every can of KARO is full net weight-- makes a good shelf display and is easy to handle. The Retailer is assured of quick sales and a generous profit. KARO is the Syrup for every purpose; housewives use it as a spread for bread, hot biscuit, griddle cakes and waffles; in cooking and for home candy making;--- part KARO (Crystal White) in place of all sugar, improves the quality of Pre- serves, Jams and Jellies and prevents crystallization. A point to remember—— The retailer who is getting his share of this growing business is the one who - always keeps a good, big stock of KARO prominently displayed where his customers can see it. Many house- wives buy KARO by the half dozen and dozen cans; this is well to consider when ordering from your jobber. CORN PRODUCTS REFINING CO. No. 17 Battery Place New York 68 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 than an inexperienced and irresponsi- ble individual. Even persons of mod- erate means are learning that trust companies are not for the rich only, but that the companies welcome the smaller estates, which often require more careful attention than the larger ones. The search of investors, both large and small, for safe investments, the des're of fathers and mothers to sup- port and educate their children and protect them against uncertain and speculative propositions, and the anxiety of husbands and sons to en- sure wives and mothers against want in their declining years, have contrib- uted to the growth of the Trust Com- pany, and it stands to-day a recog- nized fortress of safety. Robert D. Graham. —————o_—— Producing Crude Rubber at Home. Our country is so vast in extent, so varied in soil and climate, so rich in natural resources, especially minerals and metals, that preparedness is not so much a problem as a matter of ap- plication, a matter of setting to work with the knowledge we have and ac- complishing the desired end. A bountiful Providence has blessed us with most of the essentials of peace- ful life and of defence. Most of the few we lack, among which crude rub- ber stands first, are of an agricultural character and, thanks to the variety of our soil and climate, may be grown at home. Steps ought to be taken to supply these materials at once; it is our patriotic duty, and in times of peace as in times of war untold for- tunes await the successful pioneers Intensive methods should be resorted to if necessary. They have been ap- plied to the production of table deli- cacies that we may have fruits and vegetables out of season and in un- favorable latitudes, also that stapie crops may be grown on arid lands, so why not deal similarly with these great problems of exigency? When you suggest-the possibilities of the Picradenia, the Ekanda root and rubber producers of the guayule and grass rubber sort,.you point out the foundation of a great American industry of the future. Here is. con- structive work of superlative impor- tance for our botanists and rubber experts, offering a financial reward in proportion to the task. In the manu- facturing end of the rubber industry America takes first place. and what we need to make it secure shoul war ever become inevitable, is an in- creasingly productive source of crude rubber grown at home. The project is feasible, laudable and should and would receive the hearty support of the trade. — All the Result of That Extra Dollar. Written for the Tradesman. All was hustle and bustle in the 5 and 10 cent department, an unusual feature in a place noted for difficulty to attract the attention of a clerk, especially when you happened to be in a hurry. What was the matter? True. it was Saturday; but then there have been other Satur- days there. with never a one in which there was such a real interest shown in you; never one in which the girls in charge actually asked to show you goods for which you did not call. The sudden enthusiasm behind the counter all came about because on that day the proprietor had offered a dollar extra to the one who made the greatest sales. And so, each was doing her best. Those who had never been known to do more than do the wrapping and take the: profferred nickels and dimes in a listless way were actually courting patronage, all because of the dollar prize. And some of them were more than doubling their usual amount of sales because of the extra inducement. Did it pay? You smile at the question. Of course the added interest in the work made good the dollar expended, even though there were no extra sales. There used to be times in the early school days when the live teacher, keen to note flag- ing interest, would throw open the win- dows and give a short exercise in gym- nastics or have a school song which rendered the pupils so much more en- ergetic for the regular work that the time was gained rather than lost. And so a plan which enthuses the clerks to better work; makes them more ener- getic; opens up to them their own real worth as never before, is by no means time lost. The proprietor doubtless ex- pected to double his dollar in profits; but he did very much more in this draw- ing out the greater ability which had been allowed to become dormant; for only by stretching toward better things can any one hope to maintain his best. Bessie L. Putnam. —_—_+-+-2 Prices of Mica Go Up. The quantity of sheet mica, rough trimmed and cut, produced in the United States in 1915, is smaller than that for any of the twelve preceding years, but the value of the product is the highest ever recorded. Statistics collected by the United States Geo- logical Survey, Department of the In- terior, recently published, show that high prices have produced a prosper- ous condition in the mica-mining in- dustry in certain parts of the country, so that, as one correspondent in the South writes, “Everybody and their children are digging for mica.” The average price of sheet mica in 1915 was 68 cents a pound, compared with 50 cents a pound in 1914 and 21 cents a pound in 1913. The total value of all sheet and scrap mica produced in 1915 was $428,769, a value exceed- ed, though but slightly, only by that for 1913. Scrap mica did not change much in value. North Carolina pro- duced more than half the output, New Hamphire, Idaho and South Da- kota being relatively the next largest producers, There was a small pro- duction of lepidolite (a lithia mica) in California, of clinochlore (a chlorite related to mica) in Georgia, and bio- tite (a dark mica) in Colorado. The value of the mica imported in 1915 exceeded the value of the mica pro- duced in that year. ——_>>__ Right in Line. “T see,” said his wife, “that these baseball players have progressive ideas on sanitation.” “How so?” “The paper states that they spent the afternoon swatting flies.” Piles Cured WITHOUT the Knife The Largest Institution in the World for the Treatment of Piles, Fistula and all other Diseases of the Rec- tum (Except Cancer) WE CURE PILES, FISTULA and all other DISEASES of the RECTUM (except cancer) by an original PAINLESS DISSOLVENT METHOD of our own WITHOUT CHLOROFORM OR KNIFE and with NO DANGER WHATEVER TO THE PATIENT. Our treatment has been so successful that we have built up the LARGEST PRACTICE IN THE WORLD in this line. Our treatment is NO EXPERIMENT but is the MOST SUCCESSFUL METHOD EVER DISCOVERED FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE RECTUM. We have cured many cases where the knife failed and many desperate cases that had been given up to die.’ WE GUARANTEE A CURE IN EVERY CASE WE ACCEPT OR MAKE NO CHARGE FOR OUR SERVICES. We have cured thousands and thousands from all parts of the United States and Canada. We are receiving letters every day from the grateful people whom we have cured telling us how thankful they are for the won- derful relief. We have printed a book explaining our treatment and containing several hundred of these letters to show what those who have been cured by us think of our treatment. We would like to have you write us for this book as we know it will interest you and may be the means of RELIEVING YOUR AFFLICTION also. You may find the names of many of your friends in this book. We are not extensive advertisers as we depend almost wholly upon the gratitude of the thousands whom we have cured for our advertising. You may never see our ad again so you better write for our book today before you lose our address. DRS. BURLESON & BURLESON RECTAL SPECIALISTS 150 East Fulton St. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. ri cod si os ys — wae A October 25, 1916 STEAM PROPELLED WAGON. First Vehicle of the Kind Made in Grand Rapids. Written for the Tradesman. Throughout this country and the re- mainder of the world there have been, no doubt, many claims put forth as to the construction and operation of the first automobile. It is probably safe, however, to claim that the one coming to the knowledge of the writer in his earliest experiences as a resident of Grand Rapids, forty-two years ago, was the first successful attempt in this direc- tion in Michigan at least. Within the first few months after my arrival in the Valley City I became ac- quainted in a business way with the late Henry G. Stone, an inventor and en- gineer of marked ability, who happened at that time to be building a fine brick residence for those days on West Bridge street hill. This property was recently purchased by the son of the original owner, Frank A. Stone, Secretary- Treasurer of the Clipper Belt Lacer Co., of this city, who is developing his pur- chase into one of the finest residence properties in the city. One of the first pieces of wood en- graving done in Grand Rapids by the writer, marking the beginning in Grand Rapids of that almost now obsolete art, MICHIGAN TRADESMAN planking, which caused him to be re- fused the use of that bridge also. An- ticipating the modern schemes for dou- ble use, Mr. Stone provided a pully in front of his machine, as will be seen from the illustration, so that he could drive to the rear of his machine shop and use it for power purposes.’ Finding, however, that such use was hardly prac- ticable, on account of the street limita- tions referred to, the high wheels, eight feet in diameter, were rigged into over- shop water wheels and_ successfully driven for power by a stream coming out of the west side hills at that time. Some year later I inspected the remains of the vehicle, which were left to rot down in the woods which then covered the region where Fourth street meets the bluffs. It will be remembered that for some time after the development of the mod- ern automobile the ascendancy enjoyed by steam engine construction over the later internal conbustion gasoline motor made it a question as to which should lead in the automobile field. It is not many years since steam vehicles, notably the White steamer, of Cleveland, and the Stanley steamer, of Connecticut, made up a considerable fraction of the machines in use throughout the country. Indeed, the obstacles in the early days were not so much mechanical as to con- TRADESMAN COMPANY ENG. First Steam Driven Vehicle Constructed in Grand Rapids. was made to illustrate a saw table built by Mr. Stone, Sr., in a machine shop about as Jarge as the average black- smith shop, located near the corner of First street and Scribner avenue. This must have been about the first attempt to manufacture machinery adapted to the needs of the rapidly growing furni- ture industry which to-day is represent- ed by so many large enterprises. Mr. Stone made the first six foot cylinders used in a steamboat on Grand River. The Stone automobile or steam wagon —there were no gasoline propelled en- gines in those days—had been built in 1858, 1859 or 1860. I was told that Mr. Stone drove it successfully, but when he came over town the horses, lacking their present automobile training, were so badly frightened he was compelled to take it quickly off the streets—and keep it off. Another reason why he could not cross the river was the obstacles he met on the bridges. Bridge street bridge was a covered wooden structure in those days and the rafters were covered with cobwebs which caught fire from the smokestack of the steam wagon. The bridge was privately owned and_ the owners forbade him to cross the bridge again. On going back over Pearl street bridge, his wagon broke through the struction as the question of roads and tires. Had Mr. Stone other than cobble- stone streets and steel tires, the possi- bility of success would not have been so very remote, because he was firmly convinced of the ultimate success of some of mechanical propulsion in con- nection with vehicles of travel and tran- sit. Warren N. Fuller. —_2<-.—____ Cocoa Adulieration. A trader in Dusseldorf, Germany, named Christian Camps, has been fin- ed, for dangerous adulteration of food in peculiar circumstances. The mil- itary authorities, through an agent, bought fifteen tons of cocoa powder in Holland, which on its arrival in Dusseldorf was found to be so adul- terated that it was rejected as unfit for food. The war authorities offered the stuff for public auction, and Christian Camps bought fifty barrels of it. The police were informed by a rival tradesman of Camp's purchase, and sent their analyst to make investiga- tions. It was discovered that the cocoa powder consisted of cocoa shell- ings heavily adulterated with sand and stable manure. Camps had a few barrels left, which were confiscated, but the greater part of his purchase had been already dispatched to various parts of the country. 69 72nd Year sot eee ae Ne © a q | Ge) 955) 359 a aa, 8 a FURNITURE. CARPETS: Pepa y" 143 cr Hy x We extend a cordial invitation to all merchants inter- ested to visit us and inspect our line of Holiday Goods in Toys, Dolls, Books, Games, China, French Ivory, Brass, Silver, Cut Glass, Novelties. We invite you to come in and see our display in person because we realize that there is no such variety exhibited anywhere near us nor but few such stocks in the whole country; you would then be able to examine and handle the goods for yourself and consider your purchase with so much more satisfaction than if they are ordered in any other way. It is more important this year than ever before owing to so many unusual conditions. But we have our Holiday Catalog too. A faithful mirror of our stocks, pricing in plain figures the most popular staple goods, so that orders from it will secure quick selling CHRISTMAS LINES guaranteed to please in every respect. We make prompt shipments and give equal attention to small and large orders, mark all our goods in plain figures, and in every way strive to serve the trade as only a large and low priced wholesaler’s stock can serve. We sell to merchants only and have no connection with any retail store. Do not overlook the important fact THE CHILDREN MUST BE SERVED AND THE TOYS DEMANDED TO-DAY ARE TOYS THAT TEACH. ERECTOR SETS} facts Detdity: tsctiney a4 Construction TINKERTOY PEG LOCK BLOCKS | Teaches Fundamental Building. Retails $1.00 WOOD BUILDO Teaches Self Instruction and Designing. Retails 10c STRUCTO SETS} Teaches Electricity and Correct Engineering. Re- BOY CONTR ACTOR} Teaches Architecture a complete cement Retails 10c to $1.00. MASTER BUILDER } faite tS. 00°per set.” ""! Machinery. Re- H. Leonard & Sons Manufacturers’ Agents and Wholesale Distributors China, Glass, Crockery, Silverware Bazaar and Holiday Merchandise Grand Rapids t=! Teaches Invention and Designing, Retails 50c. Michigan 70 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 PORTLAND CEMENT. How the Industry Has Developed in Michigan. Written for the Tradesman. It is an interesting fact, not gen- erally known, that the manufacture of Portland cement in America had its inception in Michigan, a factory hav- ing been erected at a point about two and a half miles Northeast of Kala- mazoo in the year 1872. The com- pany was called the Eagle Portland Cement Co, and it was owned and op- erated by Bush & Patterson. The plant was of the old “bottle-neck” or fixed kiln type and had a capacity of about 100 barrels of cement per day. The selling price at the mill in those days was about $4 per barrel. This plant was operated until about 1882, but has long since passed out of ex- istence and no trace of these kilns can now be found. From this small beginning the pro- duction of Portland cement in Mich- igan has grown until it reached in the year 1915 4,765,294 barrels. Some experimental work in the manufacture of Portland cement had been carried on near Benton Harbor before the Kalamazoo plant was put in operation, but so far as we have been able to arrive at the facts, this Kalamazoo plant was the first one operated. Michigan became the birthplace of the manufacture of Portland cemen: in 1872 simply by chance, there being no points of excellence to determine the location of the business where it was originally started, and it is a somewhat curious coincidence that beginning in 1897, when the wild rush to inaugurate Portland cement com- panies all over the country set in, Michigan became the very center of the cyclone that carried a great many level headed business men off their feet and caused them to make invest- ments in the Portland cement busi- ness at localities and under conditions which were by no means favorable to ultimate success. Several large and very unfortunate enterprises were inaugurated here which resulted in complete disaster and the entire loss of all money invested. From 1882 until 1896 practically nothing was done in Michigan to de- velop the manufacture of cement. In the latter year the Peerless Portland Cement Co. established a factory at Union City. That marked the begin- ning of the great development of the industry in Michigan. The erection of this factory was followed by the organization of the Bronson Port- land Cement Co, in 1897 and of the Michigan Portland Cement Co. at Coldwater, in 1898. At the beginning of 1901 there were seven plants in actual operation and seventeen more were being promoted. Michigan at- tained third rank among the states as a cement producer as early as 1900, maintaining this rank through 1904, but dropped back to fourth place in 1905, being displaced by Indiana. Illinois and Kansas outranked Michigan as producers in 1908. California and Missouri pushed Michigan back to eight place in 1909, where it remained until 1911. In that year there were eleven plants in operation in the State. Notwithstanding the reduction in the number of plants in 1911, the ac- tual output increased until to-day, with a fewer number of plants in op- eration, the State is now a larger producer than ever before. This in- crease in output, in the face of the reduced number of plants, singularly illustrates the efficiency of plant op- eration at this time. From 1897 the growth of the in- dustry in Michigan was for a time very rapid along rather peculiar lines. A number of mills were erected to take advantage of the raw material found in the abundant deposits of fresh-water marl. The general adop- tion of the wet process resulted from the abundance of this wet raw ma- terial and it developed so far along this line that ‘the original Alpena plant a hard dry limestone was treated to the wet process. made very elaborate plans, but never got beyond that stage. Ten com- panies reached the productive stage and but five of these are now in op- eration. Since 1896 thirty-four ce- ment plants have been projected or built, To-day, as already stated, the State has but eleven plants in opera- tion. Raw materials for the manufacture of Portland cement in Michigan are marl, limestone, clay, shale, gypsum and fuel. In only a few instances has limestone been found to be sufficiently pure for the manufacture of Portland cement, although the State has an abundant supply. Up to 1901 only two geological terranes have been utilized. These are Dundee limestone and certain layers in the Traverse group. Marl deposits occur in abundance Daniel McCool The entire United States produced in 1895 less than one million barrels of Portland cement, which is con- siderably less than one-quarter of the production to-day in Michigan alone. Growth was rapid from 1895 to 1907. In the latter year the general financial depression caused a tempor- ary check, but by 1908 the growth had been resumed land continued until 1913, suffering another check in 1914, owing to the unsettled conditions en- gendered by the European war. The year 1915 showed more than 11 per cent. increase in production and more than 12 per cent. increase in ship- ments Over 1914. Twenty companies were organize. between 1899 and 1901. These are known as the boom years in the man- ufacture of cement in Michigan. A study of the history of that period shows that some of the companies throughout the Southern Peninsul2 and are also known to be present North of the Straits of Mackinac. In many instances they are still in the process of formation, occupying swamps and lakes. Shale is obtained from the Traverse group and what is known as the Cold- water formation. The Alpena Port- land Cement Co. utilizes the Traverse shale in connection with the lime- stone from the same formation and the supply is obtained from quarries about seven miles North of Alpena and near the shore of Lake Huron. Coldwater shales are quarried at a locality about one and a half miles East of Union City and are utilized by the Peerless Portland Cement Co. Shales of this same kind are also used by the Wolverine Portland Cement Co., Coldwater, and were formerly used by the Bronson Portland Cement Co., but have since been superseded by surface clays obtained in Northern Ohio. Surface clays are abundant through- out the State and comprise three va- rieties—drift clays, lake clays and river silts, Several of the cement companies now in operation employ clay brought from Ohio, owing to the difficulty of obtaining a suitable clay to use in connection with the marl deposits of the Southern Peninsula. The addition of from 1 to 2 per cent. of gypsum to Portland cement clink- ers has been found desirable before grinding for the purpose of regulat- ing the time of setting of the cement when mixed with water. Extensive deposits of gypsum are found in the State, particularly at Grand Rapids, From this place most, if not all, ot the cement factories in the State ob- tain their supply of gypsum. Pulverized coal is used in a rotary kiln and crushed coke in a dome kiln in calcining the material from which Portland cement is made. In delving into the history of the Portland cement industry in Michi- gan it is interesting to note some ob- servations made by Israel C. Russell. In the twenty-second annual report of the United States Geological Survey, Mr. Russell observes that the capacity of the ten plants then in op- eration totaled 2,400,000 barrels per year and that “it thus appears that Michigan is preparing to supply a demand which does not exist, and as there is similar activity in this same direction in several other states, it is evident that this industry is in a spec- ulative state.” In 1915, the fourteenth year after Mr. Russell made this pre- diction, we find the actual shipment of cement from Michigan plants alone, totals 4,727,765 barrels per year, and the end is not yet, since a great era of concrete road building and concrete construction on the farm is just be- ginning. In making his report on the Port- land cement industry in Michigan to the Secretary of the Interior, Mr. Russell closes with one observation, which holds good to-day. He wrote: “One of the most pleasing condi- tions observed by the writer during his visits to the several Portland ce- ment factories now operating or be- ing built in Michigan, was the mani- fest adaptability of their managers to new conditions, their readiness to adopt new and imperative methods, their skill in modifying and recon- structing familiar types of machinery and their ability to originate and ap: ply new ideas. This healthful condi- tion of the industry, as well as the abundance of the raw material, facil- ities for exportation, excellence of the finished product and increasing demand, ensures its permanence and ultimate success.” In 1900 the total capital stock of all Michigan Portland cement com- panies then organized was about $25.- 900,000, whereas to-day the total cap- ital stock of the leading companies in Michigan amounts to about $9,000,- 000. Of the $25,000,000 capital in 1900 about $8,000,000 represented proposed plants on which construction had not yet begun and about $3,000,000 repre- sented mills being built, so that actual 6 d n . (ay & October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 71 RESIDENTIAL ROBLEMS in ERIODICALS | With the growing interest in the Presidential Campaign, the demand for Opinion-moulding PERIODICALS Will Show a Big Increase Why Not Share in This Business? It will not only yield a profit of itself, but is the Best Trade-Puller that can be secured. Write NOW for our Proposition on Periodicals and Magazines Se SS e ee < The American News Company Se 9-15 Park Place ~ i NEW YORK es - & i ~> en ENE ERTS NRE 72 capital at work at that time in the manufacture of cement was about $14,000,000. By 1910 production in Michigan had reached 3,212,751 bar- rels and last year—fifteen years later —production had grown to 4,285,345 barrels. It is believed by those in the busi- ness best qualified to judge that the manufacture of Portland cement in America has not yet by any means reached its maximum, and it is con- fidently expected that the production will increase 25 per cent. in the next five years. This increased production can be made without the contruction of any more additional cement plants, as the production is already well ahead of the market demand. After enor- mous fluctuations in the selling price of Portland cement, caused by inex- perience and by attempts to increase sales by foolish cutting of prices, the business has at last reached a reason- ably solid foundation and some sure profit is at last in sight for conserva- tive operators. While there is by no means any combination in regard to prices, some little common sense is at last being exercised, and the man- ufacturer and consumer of cement have both been greatly benefited by this change in conditions. Daniel McCool. [Not being in good health at the time the above paper was written, Col. McCool called upon the Portland Cement Association to furnish him the proper statistics and he improves this opportunity to thank that organ- ization for its assistance.] eee Business Manners. Roughness is never pleasing. Neither is abruptness. There are clerks who consider it smart to cut parlor manners in_ business. 3ack of the counter is where Every effort to please leaves it’s impression. Every polite action shows deference to the customer. “No, ma'am” and “Yes, sir,’ are simple forms of speech, but they’re respectful and proper and above all, they’re pleasing to the party adressed. If you wear a cap it should invariably be tipped to the women coming up to your counter. It isn’t much to do, but it’s business man- ners. Every customer should be thanked for an order, whether the order is paid, C. O. D. or charged. Another thing that is somewhat in line with this talk is good grammar. There is no excuse for any young man who is intelligent enotigh to sell goods to say “them prunes,” instead of “those prunes,” or “these prunes.” “Tsn’t” is just as easily pronounced as “ain't.” “Coming” sounds nicer than “comin.” These things, however small they may look to you, are noticed by surrotndings warrant carefulness of speech. Besides, at- tention to niceties of manner. and speech most assuredly gain for you, personally, respect. ——__>2.>___ A Transient. “Why don’t you take the trouble to find out the way I like to have things done?” asked the mistress. “It’s not worth while, mum,” re- plied the new girl. “I never stay in a place long.” out Never! good manners count. ” people whose MICHIGAN TRADESMAN THE HARDWARE TRADE. Some Changes Thirty-Three Years Have Brought. Written for the Tradesman. Your desire to have me say a few words on “Changes of a Third of a Century in the Hardware Business” is duly at hand and roted. This much in response to your re- quest is easy, because it is the regular text adopted very generally when an average business man is dictating a reply to a business letter just receiv- ed. But there is a vast difference be- tween writing a private letter on busi- ness to be read by one person or even two or three persons and writing upon a given subject, full of the knowledge that what is offered will from this city to solicit in a wholesale way for trade among retail dealers in hardware in territory tributary to Grand Rapids. Speaking of this territory, just re- call, if you can, the cities and the villages north and south, east and west, as they were in 1883. Then consider those same business centers as they are to-day. Doing this you will readily understand why it is that upward of twenty salesmen of hard- ware, representing Grand Rapids houses, are covering the same and additional territory. Think of the buildings that have been constructed in such territory; of the demand for builders hardware, the call for ma- chinery, household utensils, farm implements, nails, stoves, etc. Speaking of nails, stoves and the Sidney F. Stevens be published and read by anywhere from a thousand to ten thousand in- dividuals. Then, too, a third of a century is a considerable stretch of time to re- call, with any degree of accuracy, even though one’s memory is asked for only along lines with which one is most intimately connected. However, and off hand, I realize that while Grand Rapids did not have in 1883 more than half the population at present to its credit, there were then eight hardware stores on Mon- roe avenue, between Division avenue and Michigan street. To-day there are but two. Thirty-three years ago there were no hardware stores in the district away from Monroe avenue (and the now obsolete Canal street), while to-day there are over fifty, vari- ously located. It was twenty-eight or thirty years ago that our company sent out the first traveling hardware salesman like, reminds me that thirty-three years ago, wire nails were practically unknown. We rarely saw one except as revealed to us as fastenings of imported boxes of hardware and win- dow glass. Every domestic nail was a cut nail. To-day cut nails are made and sold only in certain localities and in a small way, while billions of kegs of wire nails are made, sold and used among Americans annually. Stoves, too, as known by our immediate an- cestors were of iron and for wood and coal as fuel. Gas stoves and oil stoves were just beginning to be in- troduced and were looked at askance as rather hazardous. TIron( copper and tin were rulers among pots and kettles, alumium being somewhat too precious a metal for such homely utensils. Structural iron has, in a wholly heartless way, made tremendous in- roads upon the bar iron trade of a third of a century ago and this change October 25, 1916 has been aided by the practical dis- appearance of the old time black- smith, who buys his horse shoes al- ready ‘shaped and who is never called upon to forge hinges, hasps, door latches and so on. He buys his bolts, nuts, hooks, screw eyes and the hun- dred and one small and very necessary devices with which he was once upon a time so familiar. The wholesale hardware business of Grand Rapids, which aggregated a few hundred thousand dollars each year preceding 1883, has expanded in volume to more than two million dol- lars annually. If my memory serves me correctly, there are only three men now living who were in the hardware business in Grand Rapids thirty-three years ago. They are W. P. Kutsche, Wilder D. Stevens and the writer of this rem- iniscence. There remains, in connection with the presentation of this comparative exhibit, this interesting American fact. In 1883 many lines of goods were carried in stock which were imported from foreign countries. To- day, nearly everything sold in the up-to-date hardware store is made in America. Sidrey F. Stevens. —_+->___ Walking Man’s Greatest Exercise. From the dawn of creation down to the present day, walking has been universally practised. Formerly, it was the only means of locomotion. Our forefathers thrived upon it. All great folks—scientists, philosophers, statesmen and businessmen—have testified to its merits. Henry Ward Beecher, the eminent clergyman, never feared his vocai powers after a twenty-mile walk. Walking pos- sesses the unique faculty of causing the blood to course freely through your veins, also your brains, enabling one to siphon through himself the great problems of the universe. Many indulge in this pleasant diversion in pleasant weather, yet refrain from venturing forth when conditions are inclement. Walking in the morning air, the afternoon sun, or the evening breezes, is good; but strolling forth in the rain is glorious. Rain, in its descent from the clouds, approaches the pure, and to become saturated with this liquid direct is a great de- light, The next rainy day, with rain- coat and stout shoes, venture forth to enjoy the elements. You will feel the thrills of health that words are too feeble to describe. Be moderate at first—sure, but after a few journeys, you become acclimated. Then it be- comes a joy to your soul. You get in direct communication with Nature. The heavier the shower the better. Return again to your childhood days, when this diversion was your great delight. Health is more fashionable today than ever. Whatever your list of pleasures, place this one at the top. Get out in the rain! Jospeh J. Lamb. —__~>+ +. Entitled to Something. She—I can’t see why, because a woman marries a man, she should take his name. He—Just so. The poor fellow ought to be allowed to keep some- thing he could call his own. October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Moseley Brothers Grand Rapids, Michigan Commenced business in 1876. Own their Grounds, Ware- houses, Stables, Railroad Tracks and Offices. On the block bounded by Pleasant street, Hilton avenue, Grant street and Railroads, S. W. They own a thousand feet Railroad trackage on their own grounds. Have the best Railroad Warehouse facilities in the city. Own and operate a Line of Refrigerator Cars, the only Line of Private Refrigerator Cars owned and operated by Grand Rapids firm, loaded only by them, which are carrying Pro- duce and Fruits to all parts of the United States and adver- tising Grand Rapids and Michigan Products. Moseley Brothers are in Business to Buy and Sell Farm Products. Will Buy or will Sell you BEANS, SEEDS, POTATOES, FRUITS AND FARM PRODUCE aM Moseley Brothers ao Grand Rapids, Mich. ernest ni 74 GROCERY BROKERAGE. Important Part It Has Played in Gro- cery Trade. Written for the Tradesman. The writer’s introduction to Mr. Stowe began about thirty-three years ago, when a vigorous, energetic, young man entered the grocery brokerage office of H. F. Hastings, stated that he was about start- ing a trade paper and wanted to get posted on canned goods. Mr. Hastings explained to him the various processes of canning, took him to the sample room, where he cut num- berless samples to demonstrate the dif- ferent grades and spent several hours in a dissertation on canned fruits and vegetables. This is given to illustrate the thor- oughness with which Mr. Stowe goes into the fundamentals which are neces- sary to make the Tradesman the author- ity it is on all matters of which it treats. In 1879 two young men landed in Grand Rapids, both imbued with the same idea—that of starting in the gro- cery brokerage business. One of them stayed but a short time. The other, Henry F. Hastings, who had been trav- eling through Western Michigan for the wholesale house of Boise, Fay & Conkey, of Chicago, stuck it out and worked up a lucrative business, which he continued until his death in 1893. For several years Mr. Hastings had desk room with H. M. Reynolds, roofer, in a little one-story building on Pearl street, in the rear of the old Sweet’s Hotel. Along in the middle 80’s wish- ing for larger quarters, another room was added on the rear. At this time Joshua Speed, who had been connected with the Wolverine Furniture Co., saw an opportunity of working up a busi- ness of selling supplies to the furniture manufacturers and took desk room in the rear office. About the same time Charles B. Judd started the manufacture of carpet sweepers in the loft of his father’s building across the street and had his office with Mr. Hastings. In 1881 the writer left school Friday night for the spring vacation, intending to return to school at the end of the two weeks, but on arriving home was informed that Mr. Hastings wished him to come to the office the next morning and, on doing so, was set to work as office boy, stayed the two weeks, and then instead of going back to school, continued to work and has been peddling groceries ever since. It may interest some of the boys of to-day to know that the salary received for the first few months was $10 a month, which was then increased to $12 and gradually raised until, at the end of about two years, it had reached the munificent sum of $25 a month. Lumbering was then the principal in- dustry of Western and Northern Mich- igan and the largest share of the whole- sale grocery trade came from the lumber camps and we naturally handled the principal items which went to make up this trade and sold large quantities of mess pork, dry salt sides, lard com- pound, nickel cigars, fine cut and plug chewing tobacco. It would surprise some of the younger grocermen of to-day to see the quanti- MICHIGAN TRADESMAN ties of these articles which were sold. Our grocers then were small concerns with a working capital of from $20,000 to $40,000, still it was not uncommon for us to sell 1,500 to 2,000 barrels of mess pork a month. Two sales stand out in my memory, one of 1,000 thirty-six pound butts of Red Fox plug tobacco to Arthur Meigs & Co. and the other of 100,000 nickel cigars to the old tobacco firm of Mohl & Kenning. All of the sugar was then bought from Edgar & Son, of Detroit, and it Was our custom to visit the trade every morning, sort up their sugar orders for the day and wire them to Detroit for shipment in the afternoon, so that they would be here the next morning. Ii for any reason the shipment or arrival of orders was delayed, our customers were simply out the sugar business for the day, as they carried no stock for such a contingency. Later on, as the trade grew, we began to buy from New York sugar jobbers on sixty days’ time, paying 'c per pound for that privilege. We also sold some sugars for the New York refiners, but as their terms were strictly thirty days, only a few of our jobbers could avail themselves of this privilege. At this time 24,000 pounds or seventy- five barrels, constituted a carload and October 25, 1916 when the railroads raised the minimum to 36,000 pounds, or 100 barrels, a howl went up from our grocers that they were being discriminated against, as it was “impossible for them to buy in such large quantities.” I well remember an incident which occurred in the old Shields, Buckley & Co., store on Division street, when the late Samuel M. Lemon was buyer. Dur- ing one of the flurries in the sugar mar- ket he figured out an assorted order of about a dozen different grades, which totaled 112 barrels, which he handed over with a flourish and the remark, “There, young man, is the largest order you have ever taken.” I was compelled Business of the Company. exclusive commercial electric light and pow energy directly, or indirectly, to nine other communities. lines within the cities of Akron, Canton and Massillon, between these cities and Cleveland, Uhrichsville, Rav $6,000,000 Northern Ohio Electric Corporation A corporation to be organized to acquire not less than 95 % of the common capital stock of the Northern Ohio Traction & Light Company 6% Cumulative Preferred Stock Carrying half as many shares in Common Stock Preferred as to assets and dividends. Callable at 105 and accrued ’ dividends. Dividends payable quarterly on the first days of March, June, September and December The Northern Ohio Traction & Light Company does the er business in Akron, and supplies electric It operates electric railroad and important interurban roadS enna and Wadsworth. Property comprises an aggregate of 246 miles of electric railway lines, of which 241 miles are owned, the balance consisting of trackage rights. Rolling stock consists of 72 mod- ern type interurban cars, 228 city cars, 56 miscellaneous cars, and modern car-barns and repair shops. The Company has three generating stations, which are connected with 17 sub-stations by high voltage transmission lines. Earnings for year ended August 31, 1916, after deducting 6% edness that has been assumed, show a bal ance equal to 2.64 times the annual dividend requirements on the preferred stock of the new corporation, and after providing there- for leaves a balance equal to $7.90 per share on the common stock. on the $4,500,000 indebt- Territory Served includes six counties in Ohio and is considered one of the most important and rapidly growing manufacturing territories in the United States. In addition it is a very rich agricultural section. Franchises. The principal electric light and power properties which produce gross earnings of approximately $1,000,000 annually, are operated under rights without specified limits as to duration. Fifty-five per cent. of the interurban system trackage is on private right of way, or subject to franchises without specified limit of time. There are city and interurban franchises that expire between 1917 and 1982. On completion of the authorized construction the most profitable interurban division, extending from Cleve- land to Akron, will be double-tracked on private right of way. Management. The property will be under the direct supervision of Messrs. Hodenpyl, Har- dy & Co., Inc., New York, and Messrs. E. W. Clark & Co., Philadelphia. We offer for subscription subject to allotment when, as, and if issued: $0 shares 6% cumulative preferred stock (par value $100 each )) 9 shares common stock (without par value) ' for the sum of $1,000 Books open for subscriptions Wednesday morning, October 18, 1916, at 10 A. M. Descriptive Circular on Request E. W. Clark & Co Hodenpyl, Hardy & Co. INCORPORATED The Rookery - Chicago First National Bank Bldg., Chicago October 25, 1916 to tell him that he was mistaken, as I had just sold Mr. Ball an order which aggregated 115 barrels. ‘Let me have that paper, sir,” he demanded, and when it was handed him he carefully went over it, adding a barrel here and an- other one there until it footed 118 bar- rels, when he handed it back with a smile. I was so delighted that I ex- tended my hand across the table and, as we stood there shaking hands, he called out to Mr. Shields, who was working on the books back of the desk, “Look here, John, we are celebrating the placing of the largest sugar order ever given at one time by any jobber in Grand Rapids.” In after years I had the privilege several times of placing orders for Mr. Lemon for as much as 4,000 barrels at one time. A great many New Orleans sugars (both open kettle and centrifugals) were handled, the former in hogsheads and the latter in barrels. Freeman, Hawkins & Co. were probably the largest handlers of the open kettle grades and it was the custom of Lew Hawkins to go to Cin- cinnati once a year and stock up for the winter trade. For the benefit of those who are not familiar with these sugars, I will de- scribe the process. The syrup, after being pressed from the cane, was put in large open kettles, where it was boil- ed until the crystals were formed, then the massecuite or “mass” as it is called, was shoveled into huge hogsheads, which were stood on end over a trough and the molasses allowed to drain off through holes bored in the bottom of the hogsheads. When the molasses had drained off sufficiently to leave the sugar partially dry and merchantable, it was sent out to the trade. The sugar in the top of the hogshead was bright yellow and had that good old New Orleans flavor that we have heard the old folks talk about, but there usually remained in the bottom of the cask several hun- dred pounds of a soggy, sticky mass. The centrifugal process was more like the modern way of refining. The syrup was evaporated in vacuum pans, the massecuite was then put into cylinders, which were perforated with fine holes and the cylinders or centrifugals were then revolved at a high speed, resulting in the molasses being thrown off through the perforations by centrifugal force, hence the name. The result of the first boiling was clarifieds, a white, grainy, dry sugar similar to coarse granulated. The molasses thrown off was then boil- ed again and the process repeated and the sugar made was a light brown sim- ilar in color to a No. 6 or No. 7%. This process was sometimes carried on to the third and fourth boiling, the result- ant product each time being somewhat darker than the preceding one until the last or fourth products were a very dark sugar and black strap molassess. Very few sugars are now made by the open kettle process, but most of the plantations use the centrifugal process, selling their product either direct to the wholesale trade or to the refiners. The high prices of refined sugar and the low price of corn from which glu- cose and grape sugar are made resulted in several attempts at adulteration of the cane article. Two different methods were employed, one in which grape su- MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 75 gar was ground and mixed with the refined article in about the proportion of 75 per cent. refined and 25 per cent. grape sugar and the other of mixing anhydrous grape sugar with the refined. Neither plan was successful, owing to the difficulty of making a product of an attractive appearance. Natural grape sugar is a nearly dry, solid product, without any grain and with an appear- ance much like tallow. This was very difficult to grind and could easily be detected by sugar experts. The anhy- drous sugar had a fine grain, but gave the resultant mixture a dead look which was not popular with the trade. Thirty-three years ago the clean, meaty, fine, sweet California prune was an unknown quantity. Our dealers had to depend upon the Turkish prune to keep alive the boarding house joke and it was well qualified to fill the bill. Of all the dirty, vile stuff which was ever put out for human consumption, the Turkish prune captured the bakery. Shoveled into casks and shipped to this country, they were the breeding place for all kinds of bugs and worms and in their natural condition were often so covered with little white fruit lice. that they looked as though they had sugared. ever, it Upon close inspection, how- would be found that the “sugar” was a live, moving mass. The only way that the prunes could be made salable was to “renovate” them, which consisted of dipping them in a hot mix- ture of molasses or glucose and water. This would kill all of the insect life and give the prunes a black, glossy look, With the advent of the California prune, cured and packed in clean packing hous- es by civilized help and put up in con- venient, attractive packages, the Turkish prune was soon put in the discard where it belonged. The raisins came from Spain—Lon- don Layers for table purposes and Loose Valencias for cooking purposes. The first Californias sent East were not to be compared in quality with the import- ed article, but with the improvement in curing and packing which came later, they have gradually displaced them, until now we export as many raisins as we formerly imported besides caring for a largely increased domestic demand. Breakfast foods were a minor part of the jobber’s business. ,Hecker’s farina and later Hecker’s partly cooked rolled oats were about the only package goods sold. Ten barrels of steel cut oatmeal was a good sized jobbing order and bulk rolled oats were unknown. They, however, soon came on the market and were an instant success. A few manu- facturers started putting up packages and the American flaked groats, packed by Douglas & Stuart, were probably the best seller until the American Cereal Co. (successor to the above mentioned firm) put out Quaker Oats and with a whirl- wind advertising campaign soon popu- larized the article and made an instant success. One of its advertising stunts was to have its crew of samplers and salesmen dressed in Quaker costume and I well remember what a sensation they created when, on a Sunday morning, the whole bunch’ filed down the aisle of one of our prominent churches. Kerosene oil in barrels was one of the principal articles handled. Curtiss Pere Marquette Railroad Co. DUDLEY E. WATERS, PAUL H. KING, Receivers F ACTORY SITES Locations for Industrial Enterprises in Michigan The Pere Marquette Railroad runs through a territory peculiarly adapted by Accessibility excellent Shipping Facilities. Healthful Climate and Good Conditions for Home Life, for the LOCATION OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES. First-class Factory Sites may be had at reasonable prices. Coal in the Saginaw Valley and Electrical Development in several parts of the State insure Cheap Power. Our Industrial Department invites correspondence with manufacturers and others seeking locations All in- quiries will receive painstaking and prompt attention and will be treated as confidential. ac GEORGE C. CONN, Freight Traffic Manager, Detroit, Michigan Bread is the Best Food It is the easiest food to digest. It is the most nourishing and, with all its good qualities, it is the most economical food. Increase your sales of bread. Fleischmann’s Yeast secures perfect fermentation and, therefore, makes the most wholesome, lightest and tastiest bread. Sell Bread Made With FLEISCHMANN’S YEAST There’s a FRANKLIN CARTON SUGAR for every home use— Fine Granulated, Dainty Lumps (small cubes), Powered, and Confectioners’ XXXX, in cartons of convenient weight for your customers—1 pound, 2 pounds and 5 pounds, according to grade. Therefore, it is easy for you to supply your customers with all their sugar in FRANKLIN CARTONS, which are ready to sell when you get them, saving you time and bother and pre- venting loss by overweight. Tell your customers that you can sell them any grade of sugar they want in Franklin Cartons. Made from Sugar Cane—Full Weight Guaranteed THE FRANKLIN SUGAR REFINING CO. Philadelphia eRe eNeReti steers 76 & Dunton, wholesale paper house, rep- resented the Standard Oil Co. and we represented an independent concern, the Forest City Oil Co. The advent of the tank cars and tank wagon, with direct agencies supplying the retail dealer and consumer, soon took this article out of the list handled by the jobber. Fruit jars were packed in large cases: half gallons in six dozen cases; quarts and pints in cases of eight dozen each —all packed in hay. They were stored out of doors, exposed to the elements, and after a few months of this kind of storage, the hay began to rot and smell bad and it was a real pleasure ( ?) to unpack a case, especially after they had been handled a few times by a dray- man and there had accumulated in the hay a nice assortment of broken jars. We supplied the entire trade, getting the jars in carload lots and distributing to the jobbers as needed and we some- times handled as many as two carloads in a season. The total sales of the Grand Rapids jobbers now aggregate probably fifty cars in a season. Thirty-three years ago the salmon can- ning industry was in its infancy. A few were packed on the Sacramento River and were sold under the Bear brand. Later the industry moved to the Columbia River and Warren’s A-1 came on the market and we bought it in Chi- cago in ten case lots. As the demand grew, more fishing fields were required and the canners gradually moved north until now Alaska furnishes the bulk of the salmon consumed in the United States. The pack on the Sacramento River has almost disappeared, while the Columbia River (once. the principal source of supply) now furnishes but 5 or 6 per cent. of the total pack. In the fore part of this article I men- tioned Henry F. Hastings, who was the first successful broker in Grand Rapids. He is deserving of more than passing notice. Born on a farm in Northern Ohio, one of a family of twelve children, his early days were those of the privations of the pioneer. I have often heard him say that he went to school in the winter barefooted. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he en- listed in the Eighth Ohio. Although but 16 at the time, he gave his age as 18, and being so large for his years was easily taken for this age and was ac- cepted. His military record shows that he was wounded three times and each time re-enlisted and was finally honor- ably discharged in 1865 after four years of service. Between the close of the war and his advent in Grand Rapids he had quite a varied career, being suc- cessively a drug clerk, lightning rod salesman, hotel proprietor and wholesale grocer salesman, and finally, in 1879, entering the brokerage business in Grand Rapids. A man of striking ap- pearance (standing six feet and two inches and weighing 260 pounds), of pleasing personality and vigorous in both speech and action, he soon made an impression on both the socia] and business life of the city. Entering Masonry he passed through the various offices of the different bodies and was Eminent Commander of DeMolia Com- mandery, Commander-in-Chief of De- Witt Clinton Consistory; a 33d degree Mason, Brigadier General of the U. R., MICHIGAN TRADESMAN K. of P. of the State and a member of the Grotto, receiving this last degree at Hamilton, N. Y., where the order originated. He was president of the Pythian Temple Co., one of the organ- izers and Vice-President of the Peoples Savings Bank, a director of the Board of Trade, and interested in various other business enterprises. Had he been spared, he would undoubtedly have been one of the big men of the community, but while yet in his prime he became afflicted with diabetes and died at the Another of the early brokers was Elliot G. Brown (nicknamed “Tea” Brown, from his special hobby) after- ward elected justice of the peace. Another was James H. Thaw, a dapper little man, who retired from the business many years ago and is now living at Alma, Michigan. Early in the history of the business Walter H. McBrien, who had been as- sistant book-keeper for Ball, Barnhart & Putman, decided to enter the business. 3eing a bright, active young man and full of “pep,” he soon worked up a lucrative business, which he carried on for several years and finally sold out to C. S. Withey and Fred B. Aldrich, who conducted it under the name of C. S. Withey & Co. Mr. Withey later acquired his partner’s interest and still continues the businesseunder the old firm name. The wholesale grocery trade has fur- nished a number of successful brokers. The first to break away was T. S. Freeman, who many years ago disposed of his interest in the old firm of Free- man, Hawkins & Co. and entered the brokerage ranks. “Uncle Tom” was a man whom it did one good to know. A constant sufferer from inflammatory rheumatism, which disease made him almost a cripple, his cheerful, sunny disposition never gave an inkling of the pain which afflicted him. In his later years, when his infirmities incapacitated him from active work his daughter, Jane, became his assistant and later his partner. After her father’s death she continued the business until her mar- riage, when it was merged with that of her uncle, W. L. Freeman, who con- tinued the business under the title of the Freeman Brokerage Co. Four other ex-wholesale grocers who have made successful brokers are George R. Perry (Hawkins & Perry); W. L. Freeman (Freeman Mercantile Co.) ; Sumner M. Wells (Clark-Jewell- Wells Co.); and George B. Caulfield (Lemon & Wheeler Co.) All of these gentlemen are still doing business, hence modesty prevents me from more than casually mentioning them. While the wholesale grocery business gave us five successful brokers, I do not now recall but one broker who graduat- ed into the wholesale grocery business. James Granger, who many years ago was shipping cleark for Cody, Ball & Co., left their employ to enter the brok- erage ranks. After a few years of fairly successful business he drifted around the country and finally landed in Duluth, where he entered the employ of the Stone-Ordean-Wells Co. He seemed to have found his particular niche, as he was soon a partner, and has been very successful as a jobber. These are by no means al] of those who have made a trial at the brokerage October 25, 1916 “A Smile Follows the Spoon When It’s Piper’s’’ Made for a Discriminating Public by a Discriminating House for Dis- criminating Dealers. If you wish to secure the agency of the BEST ICE CREAM it is pos- sible to produce, write at once to Piper Ice Cream Co. Kalamazoo, -! Michigan Your Citizens Phone Places you in touch with 200,000 tele- phones in Michigan: also with points outside the state. 95,000 telephones in Detroit. 15,321 telephones in Grand Rapids. INDERPEND ATS aT Se TTTy (sen Baga83,lo NOT TY DIRECT COPPER METALLIC LONG DISTANCE LINES Citizens Telephone Company Moulton Grocer Co. Muskegon, Michigan WHOLESALE GROCERS + Our Facilities are Unsurpassed Our Goods are Supurb Our Prices are Right “The End of Fire Waste”’ COMPLETE APPROVED Automatic Sprinkler Systems Installed by Phoenix Sprinkler & Heating Co. Grand Rapids, Mich, 115 Campau Ave. Estimates Free Detroit, Mich. 909 Hammond Bidg. <> ay oe , « (es ‘4 a October 25, 1916 business. I presume I could recall the names of at least 100 men who have at various times taken a whirl at it. Some lasted a few months, others have drifted to other fields, while those who have survived have been able to do so only by conscientious work. A broker is in a peculiar position. He is the arbiter between buyer and seller. He is the one who smooths out all the wrinkles and keeps buyer and seller in harmony. He must be a man of judg- ment, so as to be able to décide which party to a controversy is right and then he must not be airaid to fight for the one which is right, whether he be the buyer or the seller. He must also know his business, for his customers are all smart, successful men and to be able to do business with them he must know both the quality of his own goods and those of being his competitors, as well as posted on the general market conditions. The buyer to a large extent relies upon the broker to take from his shoul- ders the trouble and annoyance of keep- ing posted. A large amount of business is given him on his advice and judg- the confidence which is placed in him. To be successful he must be constantly on the job, for markets wait for no man and that which could be done to-day “Tt is the persistent, consistent, insistent plugger who gets there.” As one of the frater- nity has aptly put it: ment and he must never violate can not be done to-morrow. Pluck wins—It always wins Though days be slow And nights be dark ‘’twixt days that come and go. Still pluck will win, its average is sure. He gains the prize who can the most endure. Who faces issues, he who never shirks, Who waits and watches and who always works. Charles N. Remington, Jr. os Predicts Everybody Will Wear Union Suits. Written for the Tradesman. Complying with your request to write an article on tne changes of a third of a century in the knitting busi- ness, permit me to sav that the writer the thirty-three years ago, and therefore his knowledge of the business at that time is very limited, but if [ am cor- Was. met. in xaitting business rectly informed the change in the last thirty-three knitted wear is about as great as the changes other years in under- have been in varios com- modities. Thirty-three years 2go the only un- derwear manufactured was woven or non-elastic knit, and all of it was mace in two pieces, There was no such thing as a union or combination suit Considerable underwear worn It was known. at that time was home made. made out of flannel and canton flannel and muslin. This, of course, was very crude, and not very comfortable. American inventive geniuses invent- ed circular knitting machines which made the elastic fabrics. They also invented finishing machines to pro- duce elastic seams and a neat finish, and to-day they are manufacturing underwear from the lightest thin gauze to’a very heavv wool fabric; from cetton, wool, silk and linen. While there is considerable of the flat goods still worn, it is mostly in the two-piece garments. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN The large majority of people, both men and women, ars now wearing union suits, which are much more comfortable and convenient than the two-pieced. Thirty-three years ago most of the underwear used in this country was manufactured in Eurepe. Now prac- ticully all of the underwear used is made in the United States. In addi- tion to that the United States is ex- porting to Europe and other countries. Another change that has taken place is that more people the light weight garments from year to year. The reason for this is no doubt, that stores, offices and fac- tories are better heated, and also con- veyances and street cars are heated, and heavy underwear is not needed, as it was in the past. are using houses, Most of the heavy underwear used now is worn by people who are ex- posed to the cold weather. As said before, the demand for union suits is erowing every year, and it is our firm belief that the time twill come when the two-piece garments will be a thing of the past and everybody will wear the union suit. Herman M. Liesveld. —_—_+-+____ Wanted to Buy. A young gentleman of the colored persuasion had promised his girl a par of white eloves for a New Year's eift. Entering a large department store, he at last found the counter these displayed, and, approaching rather hesitatingly, where goods were remarked, “Ah want a pair ob gloves.” “How long do you want them?” enquired the business-like clerk. “Ah doesn’t want fo’ to rent ‘em; \h wants fo’ to buy ’em,” replied the other, indignantly. GEO. S. DRIGGS MATTRESS & CUSHION CO. Manufacturers of Driggs Mattress Protectors, Pure Hair and Felt Mattresses, Link and Box Springs, Boat, Chair and Window Se :tCushions. _ Write for prices. Citizens 4120. GRAND RAPIDS We are manufacturers of TRIMMED AND UNTRIMMED HATS for Ladies, Misses and Children, especially adapted tothe general store trade. Trial order solicited. CORL, KNOTT & CO., Ltd. Corner Commerce Ave. and Island St. 77 Grand Rapids, Mich. 139-141 Monroe St. Pose Cy GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. GOLD BOND PACKED IN CG P CASES WS - e_..| Manuf'd by yy AMSTERDAM Z BROOM CO. E AMSTERDAM, N. Y. GOLD BOND mN=—- 3 UV Wye , : po a ee . mS DAS E> As na a Ze i RB ay ZA = ee a: YY ' ir OS the season of 1882-3, alone, over 225 o.- 000,000 feet of pine logs were floated down the Au Sable River. From 1867 to 1893 ae | our billion feet of pine logs were floated down that stream. I have not at hand the figures covering the lumbering operations on other Mich- igan rivers but, when we consider that the operations on the Au Sable were not by any means the largest in Michi- gan, some conception can be obtained of the murderous assault made upon the pine forests during the years which in- tervened between 1883 and 1900. There were nine great sawmills on the Au Sable, thirteen on the Manistee, twenty- eight on the Muskegon, eight on the one taki ng its t il from the forest. Most of these great mills operated and cutting, in many summer ok instances, 225.000 to 250,000 feet of pine lumber in a working day. It was an orgy of frenzied cutting and slashing. a So prodigal was the wealth it was not thought worth stelle to take from the woods a log which did not measure at least twelve inches at the small end. The different hardwoods were considered of no value whatever. The finest white maple was cut into stove wood but hemlock was not worth the cutting of the tree. Operations in the woods were carried on in the winter. The logging railroad, the steam skidder and other modern lumbering appliances had not yet made their appearance. The winter’s snow made for economical hauling and many of the old time lumbermen took pride in the excellence of their log roads. It was a common practice to sprinkle the roads with water during very cold weather. The water freezing formed an ice road, or rather ice tracks, for the sleigh runners. In some cases these ice tracks lasted into the month of April so that heavy loads of logs could be source of supply. Those were the pic- turesque days of the lumber industry. For many years the lumberman or, as he came afterwards to be called, the shanty boy, wore a knitted stocking ‘cap of some bright color with a tassel on the tip, a heavy Mackinaw shirt, a bright red sash around his waist with the fringed ends hanging rakishly over one hip and heavy woolen drawers tucked into stout yellow tanned shoepacks. A majority of them chewed and smoked tobacco, drank bad whiskey, used vile language, and fought at the drop of the hat. They were generally Irish, Scan- dinavian, Canadian-French or Canadian- Scotch. Almost invariably fine speci- mens of physical manhood. The camps were located near some stream down which the logs could be floated to the mill. A space was cleared on the bank of this stream called a banking ground Hon. J. S. Stearns hauled by sleighs well into the spring after the surrounding snow had melted ee ee +t, a ¥ Fes } “ee ~L- and not! remained but the ice tracks. The preparations made when a tract of timber land was to be lumbered was, in some respects, different from those be made to-day and a de- scription may be of interest. In the first which would lane 2 “ sic wit wit oe ae piace a Strategic pomt of attack was eleekel ast mps er i upon tha selected and the camps erectec upon that ia spot. These camps were made of logs corners dovetailed together, between the logs l The build- ereman, scaler and timekeeper. All supplies were hauled in by tote teams which made regular trips between the camps and the nearest to which all the logs were hauled and piled in a rollway. All preparations having been made the choppers, or axe- men, were sent into the woods to fell the trees, and saw the logs into lengths, usually from twelve to twenty-four feet. Skidways were constructed upon which the Jogs were rolled and from which they were loaded upon the sleighs to be hauled to the banking ground. In earlier operations oxen were used for doing the skidding but later horses came into general use as being quicker and more easily handled. To get the logs to the skidways a dray was con- structed from broad beech roots whose ends curved in toward each other. These were fastened together by cross pieces upon which the end of the log was fastened with a chain and hauled to the skids. Frequently the logs were simply hauled over the ground by a chain fast- ened around one end. This was called “snaking” and the bark was first “rossed” from one side of the log to make it slide easily. To properly load a sleigh with logs required considerable experience. The bunks of a log sleigh were generally nine feet across and upon these three, and sometimes four, tiers of logs were loaded. The first tier was generally loaded by the canthook men. For loading the other tiers a small loading chain and the assistance of a team was required. The chain was pass- ed over the log and drawn under in the direction of the sleigh. On the end of this chain was a hook known as a swamp hook and resembling one-half of a pair of ice tongs. This hook was fast- ened intc one of the logs on the sleigh and the team, pulling on the opposite end, rolled the log to its place. The same operation was repeated for each tier. The sleigh being loaded chains were passed over the front and back of the load. To fasten the load securely a beech sapling was used as a binder. This binder was about twelve feet long and very springy. The big end was twisted into the front chain much as you would twist a stick into an emer- gency tourniquet on an injured arm. The small end was then forced down to the back chain and securely fastened. Many teamsters used the same binder for a whole season being very choice of them as a well seasoned and dependable bind- er was not a plentiful article. When the load arrived at the banking ground the number of board feet in each log was measured by the scaler and the logs rolled from the sleigh down the bank to the river. By the time spring arrived there would be thousands of these logs in a towering pile on the river bank. This pile of logs was called a rollway. When the river was clear of ice the drive would begin. The first thing to be accomplished was the break- ing of this rollway. At the bottom of the pile near the river’s edge would be one log holding the huge rollway in place. To break this rollway, it would be necessary to remove this log which was an obviously dangerous feat. In later years this was done with dynamite but in those days it was usually the cus- tom to call for a volunteer to go down with a canthook and remove this keylog. To do this and avoid being crushed the tumbling logs required judgment, coolness, strength and agility. There are instances on record where daredevil canthook men have broken rollways and skipped back up the bank in safety over the rolling logs; but not many. After the logs were in the river the drive. properly socalled, began. This drive was in charge of rivermen whose duty it was to see that the logs arrived safely at the sawmill which was generally many miles down the stream. One of the greatest dangers to be encountered during the drive was what was known as the jam. Often the logs would meet with some obstacle in the stream and the force of the current would pile them up in the greatest confusion. The would jam in every position, On end and cross wise in an almost inextricable mass. The most hazardous work of th: riverman was in breaking this jam. The key log must be searched for and when 1916 = October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 79 ast- lled irst to oad ible igh pon iers was 1en. nall Ed iSs- the OL Dime ; of ast- HAUSER-OWEN-AMES COMPANY BUILDING CONTRACTORS GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. toh site The ach ins “Of rely der. Ong Was cing aler own rime ands the illed ‘lear first eak- a Ot PoLicy Preparedness Means HOME PROTECTION Our Location Gives Policy Holders Perfect Service as Evidenced d be y in ould hich In mite a ” Granp Rapios.Micn. a sis y a 3 ORDINARY LIFE Below by Letter Received From a Beneficiary: Ae ; Annual Dividends d by 3 AGE 25 Wer ’ eg : a “I wish to thank you for the payment so promptly of the insurance gee on the life of my late husband, Albert .-- ie cs ecient a devil a Nawee time like this to. have insurance with a company near home and that can ; and over After lrive, give personal attention to the payment of claims and any other matters ga | ; Policy Date Kee 21g ssl that may arise. Rate ee Lowell, Mich. ous MM ............__.... - ~ Payable the ob day of each drive duty afely rally 1e of tered nown meet sinc inussie On-oes coving mete saulan x The Preferred Life Insurance Company of America j and : OPTION OF THE ASSURED AS FOLLOWS them a 2s ANNUAL RATE; SEMI-ANNUAL RATE | QUARTERLY RATE : : : c + Bro |®@ zon, | von’ Grand Rapids, Michigan - + ‘4 Z aa q W. A. Watts, President . R. S. Wilson, Secretary yr the age ‘ihe when precautions were mn swarmed eve members of the crew ap : L » i their underclothing from ~ the time they went in. in the they ahi until y came out in the spring. The ol JOKE a bath and finding a suit of underclothes ay = Oo » ee See a ips 5 rR © didn’t know he lum- . Every you oe 1.4 Camp nad wangan or wanigan c Rabeunine a tila - ; ordinary suppise men at prices which were little better than larceny. In : 1€s were charged some camps these suppl against them and they settled in the spring to their sorrow. While a hard drinker, fighter and worker and every inch a man, in every other way your shanty boy of the eighties was as guile- less as a child. To illustrate: one con- Irishman by the name of Wilson, who had taken a contract to tractor, an put logs into the river, had taken with him up into the woods twenty-five men, whom he had hired for the winter. to assist him in this work. One evening, after coming into the camps, they found that the store had been broken into and a pair of shoepacks stolen. Wilson told his book-keeper, who was the scaler. to charge every one of the twenty-five men in camp $3.00 for a pair of shoe packs, knowing that it was one of these men who had broken into the store. Many of these men kept no account. and in MICHIGAN TRADESMAN camp, all demur at When the following as a Sunday dinner: Cream of Tomato Soup. Roast Beef. i ay ed Potatoes. Bread and Butter. Pickles. Bread Pudding. Cookies. Tea. The entire camp outfit. with the ex- on wheels in one solid train which follows the fast forest. eaten into persist- ently day after day. Where once the were hauled from the woods by teams we snake them out with steam skidders, load them on freight cars and them The romance and gone Tk ception of the stables jis diminishing shoot down to the mill by rail. picturesqueness have and in their place we have econ- omy and efficiency. The camps are as clean as your home. Cleanliness sanitation are enforced. Booze drinking and its attendant disorder are If the old time lumberman could come back to earth and see the timber we are taking out and sawing into merchantable product he would say we were crazy. While our sawmill is typical in every respect our methods of material are own and banished. manufacturing the raw such as to make it more like a factory than a lumbermill. When we finish lum- bering a tract of land it is clean and for the farmer. The old time lumberman was careless and wasteful: economy had no place in his lexicon. He took out millions of feet of timber but left behind him fuel for the flames which ultimately destroyed many millions more. After the hardwood lumberman finishes his work he leaves cleared land with a soil so rich that it is only necessary ready to ft -.¢ ¢ ie > a < With the noe fo make it wood trees Bread Making Is the Most Ancient of Human Arts. Written for the Tradesman. Pp “ eels ee an ee ot Bread is a big very interesting : : Charles W. Mulholland comparatively few people know -nuch of its history or of its importance as a factor in up-building the life and strength of a nation. Bread making is the most ancient of human arts. It dates back to the stone age, when the grain was pounded or crushed between round shaped stones. In Genesis we read that when Abraham entertained the angels unawares, he had his wife Sarah “Make ready quickly three measures of fine ‘meal, knead it and make cakes upon the hearth.” The ancient Egyptians carried the art of baking to high perfection. The common form was a small round loaf like our muffin to-day. Other loaves were elongated rolls and curiously enough were sprinkled on top with seed like our modern Vienna loaf. Historians tell us that when bread went to famine prices in the eighteenth century, it was the custom to hang a baker or two. Usually the master baker employed a second hand at a higher wage than his fellows, in consideration of his being the victim if one were wanted. A barbarous custom inflicted in Turkey and Egypt on bakers who sold light or adulterated bread consisted in nailing the culprit by his ears to the door-post of his shop. October 25, 1916 Did you ever stop to think of the many wheels of industry which must turn, of the many hands which must labor, to produce a loaf of bread? Think back of the bake-shop, beyond the wheat field, beyond the factory, where the plow is made. A long time agO—one year, years, several years, perhaps—a miner up in the regions of Lake Su- perior blasted out the ore that made the plow, that plowed the ground, that pro- duced the wheat that makes the bread. It is a veritable “House that Jack built.” The ore was brought to the surface of the ground, shipped by rail and water thousands of miles to the blast furnace at Pittsburg. At the furnace several processes of de-oxidation converted it into iron, then into steel. Steel bars and ingots were re-shipped to the fac- tory in other cities where the farmer’s tools are made. When the farmer received the imple- ments, he cleared, plowed and harrowed the ground; planted the seed, cultivated it, harvested the crop. Then the grain was threshed, carried to the mill. ground and bolted, and finally taken to the baker. two In the bakery it is mixed with yeast, a product of grain and entailing the same stupendous amount of labor in production; with salt, which has its own lengthy history: and other ingredients, each representing in its finished form an incalculable amount of work and energy. The evolution of bread since that time has been wonderful. largely because of the untiring efforts and progress made in baking methods. Modern method. have so improved the baker’s loaf, that it has become a very easily procured, as well as the most satisfying food prod- uct. within the reach of the people. Within the last ten years, the consump- tion of bread has increased over 25 per cent. One of the great factors in the de- velopment of good bread and the baking industry, is the Fleischmann Co., manu- facturer of Fleischmann’s yeast. This great organization with its eleven fac- tories—two in Peekskill, N. Y., two in Baltimore, three in Chicago, and one in Cincinnati, Sumner, Wash., San Fran- cisco and Montreal, and its wonderful system of agencies throughout the Unit- ed States, is always looking out for the baker’s interest, and helping them to make their: business bigger and better every day. : Together with every pound of Fleisch- mann’s yeast goes Fleischmann’s service. Fleischmann’s service does not stop with the delivery of compressed yeast. The services of their expert demonstrators are at the disposal of every baker on the continent. Their sales agents are in touch with their customers and are frequently called upon for advice and information. No organization is closer to its customers. Everything which in- terests the baker, interests the Fleisch- mann Co., and in the interest of the bakers the company is doing everything that can be devised to better the industry, from assisting them in the manufacture of better bread to educating the people fo a realization of the food value and economy of bread, and urging them to eat more bread. Charles W. Mulholland. 916 he ist ast le- red ted ain ind the ‘ful nit- the Ler ch- ice. ith The ors are are ind ser in- ch- the ing ure ple and to i : ae: ig October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 81 a _ fo HIS has been the most critical year the wholesale grocery trade has ever experienced, owing to the abnormally high price and the shortage of supply in many staple lines. We anticipated the time of stress through which we are now passing, so far as it was possible for us to do so, by placing advance orders for all the goods we estimated we could possibly dispose of under normal conditions. The demand for staples has been so greatly in excess of former years, and the delivery of supplies so slow, that we have been unable, in some cases, to fill every order complete. Judging by the commendatory letters we have received from our customers, we believe our house has maintained the best shipping service possible, considering the conditions. We gladly improve this opportunity to thank our constantly increasing circle of cus- tomers for their patience during this period and their generous patronage. We shall continue to Make Service Our Watchword and Guiding Star on the theory that the house which renders the Best Service receives the largest measure of -patronage; serves its customers most satisfactorily and justifies its existence to the fullest possible extent. WORDEN (;ROCER COMPANY THE PROMPT SHIPPERS GRAND RAPIDS KALAMAZOO 82 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 EDUCATIONAL CHANGES. School Work More Practical and Less Theoretical. Written for the Tradesman. Change is the order of the day. Noth- ing now remains stationary if its reflects the spirit of the times. This is as true of education as it is of other activities in our American life. In many ways this is wise 1f it holds to the fundament- al principle that education is a process that fits young people to live and work effectively. This is true of the changes that have taken place in our modern educational system. Thirty years ago the scope of the public schools was limited to the elementary school that was designed to educate the many. The high school was largely a preparatory course for college. The attempt to educate more than the young people was unknown; the common. branches only were taught; no attempt to teach a trade or agriculture was made. To- day the classics and higher mathematics do not dominate the education of all pupils; these subjects were the relics of the last three centuries. One dis- tinct advantage of the modern school is shown by the larger proportion of our young people who now get some high school training of a practical character. To-day our schools, by broadening their. courses of study, aim to pre- pare all of our people in some degree for the work they are to do in the world. This is done by the addition of work along more practical or vocational lines for boys and girls. For some prep- aration in industrial work is offered, such as sewing, millinery, cooking, print- ing, physiology and hygiene, forge and machine shop work, pattern making and cabinet making, freehand and mechan- ical drawing, machine design and furni- ure decoration, carpentry and general manual training and electrical construc- tion. These are all taught in thoroughly equipped shops, as, for instance, the ma- chine shops have several types of modern lathes, milling machines, plan- drill presses, saws and_ joint- ers: the Union and South High schools each has about $25,000 in the shop equipments. The shop teachers are men of practical experience, as well as ot technical training. They are a new type of teacher in the public schools. The courses for girls are carried out by having thoroughly equipped kitchens, sewing rooms, laboratories and art rooms. The products of these shops are able to step out into the machine shops and start at good wages. while the girls are able to manage a house more in- telligently. Agriculture and horticulture in Mich- igan, under the inspection and direction of the Agricultural College, is taught in a practical way in many rural and small high schools. This work consists of the study of soils, seeds, plants, care ot animals, dairying, gardening and fruit growing. It bids fair to interest the ; young people in the work around them so that more will stay on the farm. This recent development in our schools is ful] of opportunity for the rural com- munities. It certainly ties the schooi more closely to the community. In many cities children are taught to gar- den, using vacant lots and back yards This work is now well established in Grand Rapids, there being ove: seven hundred gardens made and carec for by children this last summer. The development of the commercial department in our high school has been very pronounced and successful. The boys and girls are enabled by this work to make a fair start in office work and salesmanship. This has become a large factor in our modern high school edu- cation. Book-keeping, shorthand, type- writing, commercial arithmetic and com- mercial law, salesmanship and _ office methods such as filing were subjects not thought of in a public school a quarter of a century ago. In many cities sep- arate buildings are provided for each of these different departments. Cleve- land, for instance, has a commercial high school and two industrial or tech- nical high schools, the enrollment of In many countries, as Japan, each child is subjected to a physical examination and the training given aims to overcome the defects. The old adage of the sound mind and the sound body is renewed. It is true that the development of col- lege and high school athletics, by which a mere handful among the hundreds in attendance receive training, is on the wrong track. To counteract this, vari- ous efforts are being made to give some physical training to the whole student body, both men and women. At the University of Michigan last year about two thousand students were engaged in some form of games or gymnasium work during the year. More and more attention will be necessary along this line, as a rapidly increasing number of defectives among our young men are found among those enlisting in the army. The strenuous demands of mod- I. B. Gilbert. which is far greater than that of the academic high school. In Indianapolis the manual training and commercial high school combined has an_ enrollment greater than that of the academic high school. The arrangement known a third of a century ago, as still existing in some cities as Boston, was an English high school and a Latin high school, in of which were these modern subjects taught. The plan followed in Grand Rapids is of a more cosmopolitan nature, as these various courses are all presented in each high school. The modern school requires a gym- nasium for the systematic physical de- velopment of boys and girls through their growing years. To-day, the State of Michigan makes this work compul- sory in ail cities larger than 10,000 population. In the past. when boys and girls did more work in the home and on the farm, this was not so necessary. ern life make this training decidedly urgent. Too often to-day men are forc- ed to give up their work at the time when they should be at their prime. The expense of training is somewhat wasted if men and women, who have been edu- cated at the expense of the state in the high schools and universities cannot work out their allotted time. This is the application of the modern idea of effic- iency to education. Perhaps the most unique change that has taken place in our general scheme of education is that of the evening schools. Here we aim to educate the foreigner who has come to this country unable to read or write the English language, by not only teaching him our language, but he is taught the ideas of our social and civil life. A third of a century ago a large percentage of our immigration came from Northern and Western Europe, where their school sys- tems were well developed; in fact, a large proportion of our trained me- chanics came from abroad; to-day a vast majority of our immigration comes from Southern and Eastern Europe where there are no schools, thus pre- cipitating a very serious situation. A year ago a survey in Detroit showed that more than 50 per cent. of their adult male population was not American citizens. It is to face this problem that the American school has stretched be- yond the limits of childhood and youth to that of the adult. It must go still further, as we have but taken the first step. In this work the great industrial leaders have become actively interested, as they are working it out through the public school rather than by the estab- lishment of a school within their own plants. A feature of the evening schooi work which is distinctly modern is the list of courses offered to both men and women to make them more skillful in the trades they are following. Tooi making. machine design, carpentry, reading of blue prints, rod making and furniture design, electr’cal construction, architecture, book-keeping, stenography, salesmanship, nursing, infant end in- valid cooking, dressmaking, physical training, music and proof reading. The rule of the Board of Education in this city permits the organization of a class in any kind of work whatever if there are twelve or fifteen who want it. The time given to these subjects varies as the needs of the different groups require The teachers for all of this work for the night schools are men and women from the factories, stores and offices who are skillful in the work that they teach and who know the real needs of the group they are handling. This is the most direct effort made by public education to fit men and women for their daily work, and shows clearly the attitude of the school authorities to make the schools as effective and far reaching as possible. This plan of even- ing school is now Nation wide in its scope, reaching to many of the smaller cities and towns. Last year there were about 3,000 in the evening schools of this city, while Detroit had nearly 12,- 000 enrolled. Another distinct feature of the mod- ern school is the so-called continuation schoo] classes. By this is meant the boys and girls who are allowed by their employers to come back into school for a half day of each week taking some work which is allied to their daily job This idea came largely from Europe, where it has been pre-eminently suc- cessful, the city of Munich having had at one time 20,000 pupils in its continua- tion classes. This form of school or- ganization has been difficult to establish in this country for different reasons It is this effort to make public educa- tion widespread enough to prepare most of the people for their daily work which shows the difference between the schools of to-day and a third of a century ago In other words public education is fi the many as well as the few. How far this can be brought about is a question answered by the future. The progres: made in this direction in the last third century is direct and marks the distinc’ difference between the schools of th last century and to-day, I. B. Gilbert. 1916 > October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 83 vast omes rope pre- A owed their rican 1 that d be- youth ¢ » still » first istrial ested, h the estab- " own he Vinkemulder Company Grand Rapids, Mich. oe | ges 2 schooi is the n and ful in Tooi entry, g and iction, raphy, id in- iysical Phe n this 1 class there | he as the equire rk for vomen offices it they eds of This is public en for rly the ties to nd far f even- / an its smaller re were ools of rly 12,- ie mod- inuation a ant the by their 1001 for 1g some =m I We are Headquarters tly suc- ring had ws 4 for POTATOES, ONIONS and APPLES and are in the market establish 3 : : om § to either buy or sell in car lots or less. No order and shipment He which | too large or too small to receive prompt and painstaking e schools . attention at our hands. How far questi : a . 4 Take advantage of our thirty-three years experience. e distinct s of th “e Gilbert. a4 sermmamncnsreesenme cei MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 THE BAKING INDUSTRY, Kvolution From Hand Work to Au- tomatic Machinery, Written tar the Tradesman Phe lust Pederal census report in iitates something of the rapid growth of the bahiie tadustry on the United Mtaltes far a period ol ten years, as fisllowe Per cent iiercuse Population of the Uiedted States, 21 Nuinber of baktne establishments, 61 Number of bakery employes oa Value of bakers products 137 Capital aivested wi bakertes .. 160 Beyond question this remarkable record has been made largely through the awakentne to a puble demand tor bah ed the truest foods, produced under better modern satetary conditiots identi held mvest lLaree tmterests have become fed with the possibility of the mud today we find cnormous tietits devoted to the baking tadustry \ third of a century ago nearly all ; were operated and hak taking exntabliahmient: idependently of each other ers prodtiets, fo a certain extent, were of an indiftterent quality Tiere was moe eNchatige of ideas and expenences tor the wood of anv considerable num ‘ Po-dayv, threueh the ecambin te Of thany sinaller bakery units, um Bde ‘ ere aln hay been created \s an ilustration Twe corporations bron erate Ove e hundred mann ‘ w bakery pla mm the United : { Ww ha al s CS wh S|NCeSsS CO? i SP AOR DOO Many the smalile Ke hay Is eX alert and ere, < ‘ te { equipment vervehere muct © obd-tie it has Ve War tA @ PIS RA y @xct ¢ . 2 tha ta¢ . . . t rke . ~ i vt s a ASO TAD FATA ee < akery refine vy a “pinch ee } ¥ery x" ANN at< ris . ‘ St a < ed i ~ with acc ate wersht . ‘ he »‘ . < x aR Pu xf Oe ay DK? s Save ee f . * viet Dark * . ww x SEX war 4 A K wi SAV : os \ w? ws have % ¥ wh oh me ‘AS < o KEEN SOW < . RIAs 4 ‘ os 2 COS N SEEN \ x . = » en x s ww sac? < < * x & ‘ ¥ x mat ae S TRS aS KAR Z = 2Y¥ z » * oe ee *y . obsa . . : 32 . » v ~ ~=2 >» * c~,* . - . 2 <2 2 ~ SESE of W x . ~ ~ < ~ 4 » in ~ * 29 ~ ™ 4 2 x < . - ~ ~ & S serous c z = ~ ~ a >» > AS. ‘. s * rest the baking art, free from the touch of hands, ‘This is a distinet advance Bread is now wrapped by machinery and comes daily from preat rear fired, White tile ovens, clean and appetiz- ine lt ts these telling teatures which have made possible the great baking publicity of to-day, a radical depar- We now read about baked xoods in the daily tire trom olden methods, papers, in the trade publications; we leok at most alluring street car adver- and bullentin fining; we see wall hoards--all conveying a message which tempts the appetite and creates a desire to possess, Then, too, at the grocery store we that all this is a living reality are convineed progress Hlere we find cour teous proprietors and clerks schooled store organization with the talkin.z points of food products. The terri- tories are made with more frequency, More attention is given to assisting and directing the proper display of foods to create with the consumer a desire to buy. The salesman must put much more into his profession and know his line perfectly to-day ii he aspires for success as a food am- hbassador. The proprietor of a bakery at this age finds it desirable and_ profitable to participate in public matters of concern to his community and state. Ile is frequently known as a leader He shows interest in the upbuilding of all that and advances. the best thought and action of the day. This demand has come to him, as to other in his town in civic affairs. conserves Walter K. Plumb € ew «x WOES LRCIN Q \\ e © ROSERC g er Tak « > xe SAO SEER eaue x AS e = 2 s Sz ~ > < GXr se ae XK v ARS = = ere ¥ aA > 2 SAS < < 3 c ~ ra ATL COW x a & < a SOO s £4 = = . ALR SS $ 2 2 >a Seg rts ~ ~ X <> > x ~~ ~ a & k ee A Sales $ ers e~eh as terse o x. S28 ae R ~*~ * 2 2°72 er e WOR e Sly z w = ag ila thy Bs 5.25. nas * > * < rt Peas z ve 4 hy i. ee LORE RS i Le Ye x z 23 Se BOOT mt is aD i > m2 rok erat ~ S= Coes ec = SO. = 4 BART Sia Shs DIESS e wz & eu OTce CORRE TCS TS RSes raere : rope servance rz these 2 regquzrements ~c2 SQLuUT Tio c se Success i2@ Sn- CVTe, e@armes: and echvent ake Re reg Ss TRO > fies r “4 Ee fer es. Now the housew >" zrV “> >. > 4 2 Le Oa =. 5 Cai sc cee or COS ae > mad CRT ShOOS Trem: pure Roeruals Srile ‘ S. & we a ~~ ‘. < = * a 2 piaets where act inc machine arg Pa mamargement aismesat abs 2 easure g2pacmst the comtect rhik Macnds. Tre 2 ers UQwess Tas teow e t mS ing industry and will remain a monu- ment to progress attained in the last third century. Walter K. Plumb. ——_»-—-2——— The world may not love the lover, but it has to tolerate a multitude of him. Watson-Higgins Milling Co. Merchant Millers Grand Rapids, Michigan Owned by Merchants Products Sold Only by Merchants Brands Recommended by Merchants Mr. Flour Merchant: You can own and control your flour trade. ‘Make each clerk a “salesman” instead of an “order taker.”’ Write us to-day for exclusive sale proposition covering your market for Purity Patent Flour We mill strictly choice Michigan vrheat, properly blended, to producea satisfactory all purpose family flour. GRAND RAPIDS GRAIN & MILLING CO., Grand Rapids, Michigan NEW THINGS IN JEWELRY The HERKNER display of Jewelry shown this season surpasses all Previous exhibits. Our Stock is overflowing with the latest creations, made in Jewelry for men, women and children. It will afford us great pleasure to show pros- pective buyers of holiday gifts through our mag- nificent display. Qur moderate prices will please you. HERKNER’S tl4 Momree Ave. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 1916 yNu- last b. ver, > of Ws v il ir e = ¥ s- 3 October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN Dandelion Vegetable Butter Color A perfectly Pure Vegetable Butter Color and one that complies with the pure food laws of every State and of the United States. Packed by W. R. Roach & Co., Hart, Mich. Michigan People Want Michigan Products 7 HR Ro cD Gs Burlington, Vt. Manufactured by Wells & Richardson Co. SEND US ORDERS ALL KINDS FIELD SEEDS Medium, Mammoth, Alsyke, Alfalfa Clover, Timothy, Peas, Beans Both Phones 1217 MOSELEY BROTHERS — Grand Rapids, Mich. The Vinkemulder Company Jobbers and Shippers of Everything in Fruits and Produce Grand Rapids, Mich. Blue Valley Butter a Trade Builder Why? Because of our large output the making of our butter has been developed through years of ex- perience until all butter we make is made under one system. This has been done through years of practice and science, and our science and the great amount of practice enable us to make the best butter, and butter that is always uni- form in quality and the same. Consider this, and consider if it has helped others why will it not help you. Order today. FULL WEIGHT Pasteurized BLUE VALLEY CREAMERY COMPANY GPAND RAPIDS, MICH. WITH the largest green- houses in Michigan filled with all kinds of Cut Flowers and Plants we can care for your every want. Call Henry Smith Both Phones Cor Monroe and Division Established 1873 REA & WITZIG Commission Merchants 104-106 West Market Street - BUFFALO, N. Y. Butter, Eggs Poultry, Etc. We make a specialty of LIVE POULTRY all the year, and DRESSED POULTRY during the winter months. #* ss ws Large and small shipments receive equal attention, and returns promptly made. LICENSED AND BONDED COMMISSION MERCHANTS UNDER THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK When We Say We Can Help You ei BARLOW BROTHERS - We CAN help you just as we have and ae> are helping thousands | | WE g@ TALKING @> ) | ARE Sh THROUGH | @ a NOT < OUR »* of others. IF YOU WILL GIVE US A CHANCE Descriptive matter free— We warn you in advance — Our system is *‘Catching”’— Please send for “Inventory Booklet”’ today. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. JUST ONE POINT AMONG MANY In our finished scheme your Inventory becomes a strongly bound and in- dexed BOOK OF REFERENCE showing quantities and costs of goods. It becomes invaluable, We KNOW, we have TRIED IT OUT. 86 prt sras Shnl BE RA MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 ILLUMINATING GAS. Remarkable Growth of the Business in This City. Written for the Tradesman. A third of a century in the gas busi- ness, although not seeing very many rad- ical changes, has probably recorded as much improvement in methods of oper- ation and service as other lines of busi- ness. even back in 1883 the gas industry was a venerable business-——an old and well-established industry of more than a century—and it had pretty much set- tled down to rather standardized meth- ods of manufacturing and distributing its product. Many operations, which a third of a century ago were done in the old back-breaking, hand labor way, have now been succeeded by the more or less automatic machinery methods of charg- ing, drawing and stoking the ovens in which the gas is generated from special grades of gas coal. .The final disposi- tion of the important by-product, coke, rom the ovens to the car for direct hipment, or to the coke yard, is also now done by mechanical conveyors and : t Ss other special machinery, and the grad- ing, screening and other preparation of this important by-product have been alm coke up to its present state of perfection ] . ‘ as a aomestic Tuell nost a revolutionary process to bring These important changes, with the addition of rest and recreation quarters for the workmen, have made the manufacturing end of the gas business a far more attractive proposition from the stand-point of the employe than ever formerly prevailed. A third of a century age the Gas Company's manufacturing plant was lecated at the corner of Ottawa and oe saint nee dhe } . i rerry Streets, where the oid Leonard wWhadMe Now stands ifiere Was a ane room oMee occupied ¥ the oecretary sero peers } foansopr then “hy vay ] ang Ortneral Manager, inen Tt mas 1) . ( ert Ww Stall <¢ ess { n half ‘ A c emp yes o i< SeCONe No Os Bek ee } ot ot c 2 cr. 4 c we _1OocK NOW Use \ Drv Goods Ca. Ome medica 1 fa century's Of all the peopie then connected witht Francis B. Gilbert, President, Thomas D. Gilbert, Secretary and Treasurer, Charles C. Rood, Noyes L. Avery and George Kendall, expressed themselves as “having great confidence in the future of the gas business in Grand Rapids for its continued use for lighting, cook- ing, heating and power” and they backed their courage and far-seeing judgment, in spite of the predictions of many that this new competitor would soon over- awe them, by purchasing what then seemed a considerable plot of ground at the corner of Wealthy avenue, Oak- land and Market streets for the erection of a gas works of larger capacity and which to-day is furnishing gas to prac- tically every family in Grand Rapids and its suburbs. The price of gas at that time was price for gas ranging from 80 to 50 cents per thousand cubic feet tells, in brief, the struggle for increased business efficiency and the adoption of every known practical improvement in the business of making and distributing gas. In this connection it is interesting to note that Grand Rapids, although only a comparatively small city at that time, came to occupy a unique position under the succeeding management of Emerson McMillin in being known, throughout the gas world at least, as the first “dol- lar gas” city in the country, for Mr. MeMillan’s belief has always been that by giving the lowest possible rates and the highest possible class of service to its patrons, the gas business will ever remain among the community’s most useful and stable industries. Glenn R, Chamberlain 4 wai % In the days of Thor =] =| Be wh Oo GD ths fe oo mo ca of ot joy o burner for light- *n known to the t 3° the discovery mantle or Welsbach system, whereby the introduc- a non-Durnadie sudstance into . a had been mad aan mame wihic nag o€en made very + : : greatly cheapened and had been made e become to-day a modern, constantly growing, gas plant, rather leading than following the gas industry in the United States, with over 200 miles of gas main, completely supplying the needs of the city’s population and with a force of several hundred employes who for fif- teen years have been working with the company on a most substantial profit- sharing basis. The idea of service is strongly a part of our daily lives in this company, for we realize that what the consumer really wants to buy is not alone gas, but “gas plus good service.” Glenn R. Chamberlain. —_—_2++—____ As a matter of fact, the divorce suit of one of her friends usually in. terests a woman more than her own married life does. Insure Your Auto Against Fire, Theft and Damages Cases Brought Against You Three stolen cars have been recently paid for, two fire claims. one for $460 to Dr. Carney, of Durand, and one to T.S. Pearll, of Bay county, also. a total of ninety claims have been paid. Watch for the auto thief. A young man called at the Buick sales room, of Saginaw; a bargain to purchase a Light Buick “Six"’ car was made and under the terms of the agreement the salesman was to drive the young man to Alma, at which place the car was to be paid for. When going into supper the young man left on some pretext, went and took the auto- mob le and drove it away. Motor No. 207382. The car has not been found. MR. AUTOMOBILE OWNER: Should you have an accident whereby some per- son was injured, even though you were not to blame. the injured party is liable to capitalize his injury and possibly sue you for damages. Your car may be burned up or stolen. If you are insured in this Company you will have the pro- tection of 14.000 members and a surplus of $25,000. Costs only $1 policy fee plus 25c per uP. W. E. ROBB. Sec’y. Citizens’ Mutual Automobile Ins. Co. Howell, Mich. United Trucks 1% to 6 ton all worm drive United Trucks are the best busi- ness and profit builders a dealer can secure. They are standard- ized in construction and are capable of performing beyond the requirements usually made on similarly rated trucks as to capacity and endurance. You will be interested in the particulars when you hear about them. Write. Wire or visit us personally. The United Motor Truck Company Grand Rapids, Michigan ee 1916 antly than nited nain, | the e of r fif- 1 the rofit- part fOr really Sie gas 1in. Force y in- own es si- ler -d- ire nd ide ars ite, ruck October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 87 Exhibitors at Implement Dealers’ Convention. Vicksburg, Oct. 23—Following is a partial list of the manufacturers who will exhibit at the Implement, Vehicle and Tractor Show which will be held in connection with the thir- teenth annual convention of the Mich- igan Implement and Vehicle Dealers’ Association at Grand Rapids Novem- ber 8-9-10: John Deere Plow Co., Lansing, Turnbull Wagon Co., Defiance, Ohio. Morley Bros., Saginaw. Bateman Mfg. Co., Grenloch, New Jersey. Emerson Brantingham Implement Co., Indianapolis. Banting Machine Co., Toledo. Field Brundage Co., Jackson. Sharpless Separator. Co., Chicago. S. L. Allen & Co., Philadelphia. Janesville Machine Co., Janesville, Wisc. International Harvester Co., Chica- go. American Seeding Springfield, Ohio. Holland Ladder & Manufacturing Co., Holland. Celina Manufacturing Co., Ohio. United Engine Co., Lansing. Maytag Co., Newton, Iowa. Reliance Engineering Co., Sterling Manufacturing Co,, ling, Ill. Ohio Rake Co., Dayton* C. A. Day. Jackson. Phelps & Bigelow, Kalamazoo. Olver Chilled Plaw Works, South Bend. De Laval Separator Co., New York. Walter A. Wood M.& R. M. Co., De- troit. Stoughton Wagon Co., Wise. Western Electric Co., Chicago. Birdsell Manufacturing Co., Sout Bend. Eastern Rock Island Indianapolis. Machine Co., Celina, Lansing, Ster- Stoughton, Plow Co., Champion Spark Plug Co., Toledo. F. E. Myers & Bro., Ashland, Ohio. New Way .Motor Co. Lansing. J. F. Follmer, Sec’y. EVEREADY FLASHLIGHTS are made in 75 styles, among which your customers are bound to find some that just meet their needs. Vest pocket lights, tubular pocket lights, hcuse lamps, hand search-lights, fountain pen lights, guest candles and flashlight clocks are just a few of the many kinds: The EVEREADY Line is a real profit maker. LET US TELL YOU MORE ABOUT IT C. J. LITSCHER ELECTRIC COMPANY Wholesale Distributors 41-43 S. Market St. Grand Rapids, Michigan EVEREADY | The Phelps Improved Lighting System For Ford Cars Solves the greatest question of the day for the Ford owner: How can I securea good light for slow driving on bad curves and rough roads and dim my lights when meeting other vehicles? The switch attaches on the steering post in close reach of the driver. The top button is for ordinary driving, the center button dims the lights and the bottom button turns all of the current to the left light, which gives a powerful white light hundreds of feet ahead of the car for those dangerous curves and bad roads that require slow driving. Every Ford owner is a prospective buyer. and you are doing business with several of them every day. The lighting system sells on sight. leaving you a neat little profit for your time. Write for prices and particulars and get your share of the sales in your locality. Phelps Auto Sales Co. 131 Michigan St., N. W. Grand Rapids, Mich. Patent Pending PRICE $2.50 Dept A Signs of the Times Are Electric Signs Progressive merchants and manufac- turers now realize the value of Electric Advertising. We furnish you with sketches, prices and operating cost for the asking. THE POWER CO. Bell M 797 Citizens 4261 Swinehart Tires Are Mileage Stretchers. Tough, Resilient, Easy Riding. They give more mileage than most tires because tire tenacity is built into every part of every ““SWINEHART ”’ We carry them both in Solid and Pneumatic tires. Distributors SHERWOOD HALL CoO., LTD. 30-32 Ionia Ave., N. W. Grand Rapids, Michigan Sand Lime Brick Nothing as Durable Nothing as Fireproof Makes Structures Beautiful No Painting No Cost for Repairs Fire Proof Weather Proof Warm in Winter Cool in Summer Brick is Everlasting Grande Brick Co., Grand Rapids So. Mich. Brick Co., Kalamazoo Sagiaaw Brick Co., Saginaw Jackson-Lansing Brich Co., Rives Junction Denby Trucks (Service-Satisfaction) Ask Any Denby Driver Made in All Capacities Agents Wanted Denby Truck Sales Co. 572-576 Division Ave. So. Grand Rapids, Michigan BYNES — Atmerica’ ¢ Greatest “Light Six”’ 350-400 Miles to a Quart of Oil The Upkeep Cost of a Haynes “Light Six” Is Lower than the Average Two Models — Three Body Styles Model 36—Amierca’s Greatest “Light Six’’—5-passenger Touring Car, 121 inch wheelbase .......-.----.eeee sees enter teens $1485 Model 37—The Prettiest Roadster in America — 4-passenger, cloverleaf design, 127 inch wheelbase... ...-. .- .-------+- 1585 Model 37—The ‘Light Six’’ — 7-passenger Touring Car — 127 inch wheelbase .......----escecc eet e etter ett eee t eee eeee $1585 Phone for a Demonstration HAYNES COMPANY OF GRAND RAPIDS 572-576 DIVISION AVENUE, SO. NOKARBO MOTOR OIL It is the one oil that can be used successfully on all automobiles operated by gasoline or electricity. It will not char or carbonize. It is the best oil for the high grade car, and the best oil for the cheapest car. WRITE FOR PRICES AND PARTICULARS The Great Western Oil Co. Grand Rapids, Michigan Putnam’s Menthol Cough Drops Packed 40 five cent packages in carton Price $1.15 Each carton contains a certificate, ten of which entitle the dealer to ONE FULL SIZE CARTON FREE when returned to us or your jobber properly endorsed PUTNAM FACTORY, National Candy Co. Makers GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. MICHIGAN TRADESMAN eee % Isic Hotel Hermitage = = : = AN, Mor. COMMERCIAL TRAVE EUROPEAN PLAN Grand Rapids, Mich. Rates without bath 50, 75 and $1.00 Rates with bath $1.00 and $1.50 per day. CAFE IN CONNECTION Picked Up in the Windy City. The Cushman Hotel PETOSKEY The Leading Hotel of Northern Michigan One day LAUNDRY SERVICE Send your soiled linen by parcel post Make the Cushman your headquarters while working this entire region $2.50 and up American Plan All Meals 50 Cents W. L. McMANUS, JR., Prop. ECZEMA also EXTERNAL CANCER Treated by methods that make results we promise before you pay. Eczema cases may be treated by our method at home when you know our hot compress system PURITAN INSTITUTE, Incorporated 77 Sheldon Ave. Grand Rapids, Michigan ” ‘ > & 3 : Hotel Charlevoix : b - ‘Detroit | I ide and groom. | the 1 oe picture films EUROPEAN PLAN wn in Chicago is that know ity.” This pic \Absolutely Fire Proof aa ae ind : Rates, $1 for room without bath: nprovem ic $1.50 and upwards with bath. still make it more beanti- : € pictures are attracting Grinnell Realty Co., Props. rds at what is Known as the H. M. Kellogg, Manager Gardens. THE RATHBONE The Hotel Geib HOUSE AND CAFE Eaton Rapids, Mich. L. F. GEIB. Propr. Cor. Fulton and Division It's 2 good place to stay and a good AMERICAN PLAN Place to eat. You have service when ve you want it. Artesian Water Steam Heat a 2 If you will try us out on "ll fou are thrown é ee ort cae maintain make things so comfortable for you $2 Per Day trust in your that you'll come again soon. Sample Room in Connection t and see what ve days. _ He predicts . If this shoul : ft yuld Ge but a short Nation went dry. is being aroused of 4 ucago by the Chicago Eve- icag 3 American, by taking up the mai- GRAND RAPIDS t f 100 per cent. gasoline. It has bea found that a great many of the ROOMS ; : wblic to favor ine distributors throughout the ° WITHOUT BATH $1.00 S ing -_ con- lave been selling an inferior grade Union WITH BATH (shower or 4 jar Co. of t gasoline and the American has . tub) $1.50 uy 3 endent oil jobbers, out flat-footed, asking the city Station MEALS 50 Sse wie one thousand plates ent to compel automobile a : CENTS , ( occupied the entire x 4 7 tum ¢ hp om | ment houses to guarantee the qual- gas sold to the auto drivers. is a very good thing and no doubt will work out to the benefit nine floor of the La fas sure some sight ger of the of gasoline consumers. q * *. + z East 61st At the Bandbox theater, between - for Mil- Clark and La Salle Street, is being 9 ~ha id pleasure shown this week the picture of the i ukee she will unborn child. When the women found Mrs. EF. A. Clark. out that no men were admitted, it £ ~ : er the candy de- was up to the police to keep the . this wholesale house. street open—and some job they are Fire Proof a 5, 1916 ost ers Cents Prop. sults we may be u know rated lichigan 1X October 25, 1916 Flakes From the Food City. Battle Creek, Oct. 23—Inasmuch as this issue of the Tradesman will prob- ably describe its thirty-three years of successful publication, the writer will endeavor in a brief way to do like- wise about Battle Creek and thus be in keeping with the spirit of the occasion. Thirty-three years ago we find Lattle Creek a city of but 10,000 peo- ple and having only one main street, lined with only a few stores. Only three manufacturers of any note were in operation at that time and those were principally threshing machines and steam pumps. Horse cars were just beginning to bea really safe thing to ride on and sometimes the men passengers were compeiled to disem- bark and assist in lifting the car back on the subterfuge used for a track. Many adversities beset the merchant ot those times, he having to be a lawyer, a banker (principally a loan banker) and whatever else the public chose to make him. But during those times the foundation was laid for the beautiful city we now have and as our memory traces on through halls of the past toward the present time, on either side we occasionally see a mon- ument of stone which marks the resting place of those pioneers of commerce and industry of the early day. But the monument which overshadows all others and which will forever stand out above all others as a tribute to their untiring efforts to maxe Battle Creek what it is now is the present prosper- ous and ever growing Battle Creek with the below facts which make her stand the foremost in her line of in- dustry and commercial activity: She is only the ninth city in size in Michigan but—she is fourth in value ef manufactured products. She is third in annual net value of manufactured products, the output less the money spent for raw materials outside, in Michigan. : She is the first city in the world in the net value of factory output per capita of population. She is first in Michigan capita of bank deposits. She is probably the first city in the United States in per capita of sav- ing deposits. And not only the fore- going, but— She breakfasts the world. She has 176 manufacturing plants. She has only 2 per cent. of foreign laborers and has the best factory con. ditions of any city in the United States. She manufacturers more cereal feods, more threshing machinery and more steam pumps and printing presses than any city in the world. We ship on an averaye 150 carloads of products away dailv. And so we could go on with page after page of items that make Battle Creek the most remarkable city in the world, if space would permit. A good progress from the Battle Creek of thirty-three years ago, and whoever is writing for the Tradesman on its golden anniversary from Battle Creek will not be able to get it all on one page, because at the rate we are growing now we will more than exceed that which we desire—50,000 in 1920. : A fitting tribute to those pioneer merchants, don’t you think? But nevertheless a just one! The Postum Cereal Co. is breaking ground for a new bakery, which will double its present capacity when com- pleted. The company will employ about 500 men on outside construction work alone this winter and inside is working at full capacity. Perhaps one reason for all this prosperity is that these products have not been advanc- ed in price, the fever not striking Battle Creek yet. The Union Steam Pump Co. is be- ginning building operations on a large addition adjoining its pattern shop. The City Bank has taken possession of its magnificent new quarters, re- cently completed, and the four busy in per MICHIGAN TRADESMAN banks of Battle Creek are now all lo- cated in new homes and are prepared te efficiently handly the “largest pro- portionate bank deposits of any city in Michigan” in a becoming manner. Battle Creek Council enjoyed its first social session Saturday evening and some seventy-five members and their families were on hand to make the occasion a success. A fine buffet luncheon preceded the entertainment and the culinary department of No. 253 certainly did itself proud. Even the ladies said they could not do any better. An entertainment of a varied nature followed and perhaps the most interesting feature of the same was a talk on the Burial Fund by its local instigator, John Q. Adams. Another entertainment was planned for a month later and everyone hopes it will be as successful as the last affair. Whether the raising of rates in hotels about the country is necessary or not, they are all raising anyway, and to the fellow who has to pay his own expenses on the road, it comes pretty hard. It seems rather strange that such moves are necessary in the smaller hotels when the large metro- politan institutions are maintaining their old rates and we believe such measures would bear investtigation. Barry & Browning, brokers for the Postum Cereal Co. in New York and Minneapolis, respectively, were wel- come visitors to Battle Creek Council at the last meeting. After meeting these members of the Postum sales staff, we can easily understand why that company is 200 carloads behind on its orders. The foundation is being laid for the new $50,000 Y. W. C.:A. building here. In this. line of work the ladies have beaten the men to it, the local Y. M. C. A. having been ciosed for some three years, However, negotiations are now under way tc re-incorporate the same again and at this time the prospects look good. One of the most beautiful displays ever seen in Battle Creek in the way of window decorations is the fall goods displayed in the Toeller- Dolling Co.’s windows—Battle Creek’s largest metropolitan department store. Mr. Toeller, its President and Man- ager, is a firm believer in advertising in all its branches and spares no ex- pense to put the company’s fine line of goods before the public in a man- ner which fills the store with buyers from morning until night. Mr. Toel- ler is a very public spirited man, also, having taken out two memberships in the local Chamber of Commerce. sc interested is he in civic welfare. Oito L. Cook. An Opportunity For Investment. Big Rapids, Oct. 23—Being a part owner of the Western Hotel, with my two brothers, and having been day clerk there for four or five years before being elected Register of Deeds of our county here, I am pretty well acquainted with the boys on the road. Having helped the Four Drive Trac tor Co. in deciding where it would lo- cate, as a director in the company I plugged for Big Rapids and we landed it here. Many of the boys have ex- pressed themselves as wishing to take scme of the stock after we recapital- ized and I take this means of inform- ing the boys we are ready to do busi- ness with them. After Jan. 1 I shall devote by en- tire time to the business. Our product for the first year is gone, so far as orders are concerned. We are set now on our standard make, after two years of the hardest tests, and after eliminating every possible source of trouble which might come up before placing the standard prod- uct on the market. We are located in our new building, 45 x 200 feet, have the cheapest electric power in the State, have our plant all equipped with the best machinery that money can buy and have. ample supplies ot material on hand to ensure our cus- tomers against any delay in filling orders. Elbert J. Jenkins. Gabby Gleanings From Grand Rapids. Grand Rapids, Oct. 23—Mr. Rem- i:gton, of the firm of Patch & Rem- ington, hardware and implements, Marcellus, is making preparations to spend the winter in Florida, Ac- companied by his family, Mr. Rem- ington will motor through to Jack- sonville and tour the State leisurely during the winter. ° Don’t forget the first dance of the season will be held Oct. 28 in the U. C. T. Council chambers. The com- mittee is very anxious to make the first affair one to be remembered, so let us all get out and boost the thing along. This is not an invitation dance, but is for all members of the U. C. T. and their friends. M. H. Roberts, ithe progressive hardware dealer of Schoolcraft, has added a plumbing stock and reports his work thirty days behind his or- ders. Mrs. Peter Anderson visited friends and relatives at Edmore last week. She took her trunk and brought back four bushels of potatoes. Pete has installed a burglar alarm on his cellar door. Charlie Perkins, who differs some- what from Abraham Lincoln, but who represents “Honest House” of Chica- go, celebrated his birthday Sunday. Charlie modestly acknowledges 27 years (withholding nine more). A dinner party was the order of the eve- ning. We ioin in wishing “Perkie” many more of these pleasant returns of the day. Allen F. Rockwell and wife spent Sunday in Howell, visiting Mrs. Rock- well’s mother. According to Dr. Ferguson's state- ment, there are not two Mrs. Fergu- sons. It is true that they are both beaut ful girls, but the one who looks the most like Mrs, Ferguson is the latter’s 16 year old sister, Miss Doris Fisk, who has come two live with them this winter. She goes to school, takes music and dancing and. :1t is whispered, w'll attend the U. C. 7. parties in an effort to assist Mrs. Ferguson in keep- ing an eye on the Doctor, who savs it is terrible to have four watchful optics upon him. What worries him the most is, he thinks some of his fellow travelers as a joke have chang- ed the ribbons on the girls and he ‘s not sure that the one who stould be wearing the pink is now donning the blue. Such are the trials of a man who marries into a family of too many beautiful girls. Assessment No. 134 has been call- ed and expires Nov. 15. Let’s fool the Secretary and pay it at once. John Hagenbach, of the hardware firm of Cook & Hagenbach, of Three Rivers, recently visited the Crow-Elk- hart auto factory, at Elkhart, and re- turned with sixteen five passenger cars which the firm has sold in their territory. The Midnight Club held their first meeting of the winter at the new home of Mr. and Mrs. Bob Elwanger, who served a 6 o’clock dinner, after which 500 was played. Mrs. A. N. Borden and Harry Hydorn received the first prizes. Mrs. Art Burr and Art Borden “lifted” the consolation prizes. D. A. Chewning, from Wisconsin, is covering the territory formerly made by A. N. Borden, representing the Sharpleigh Hardware Co. We welcome Mr. Chewning and hope to see him at our next meeting, Frank Birney, proprietor of the Giddings Hotel, at Lawton, reports one of his most successful seasons, due to the large crop oi grapes ship- ped from there this fall. The repre- sentatives of the largest dealers have made the Giddings their headquarters, keeping the hotel running over during the shipping season. Frank gives the boys the best of it all the time and has no trouble keeping the hotel full. The Four Leaf Clover Club met with Mrs. Peter Anderson Thursday. Five Hundred was played and a light 89 luncheon was served and a fine time enjoyed. Mrs. A. N. Borden receiv- ed first prize, Mrs. Eugene Scott the second and Gertie collared the con- solation prize. Will Bosman, of Foster, Stevens & Co., Grand Rapids, dreve to the wilds of Branch county recently, hunting birds. He left the machine at a farm house and walked through the woods two miles before he got a shot. Then he discovered the gun was not load. ed, worse still, he hac not brought any ammunition. Bill and Elizabeth ate ham hocks and cabbage instead ot partridge for Sunday dinner. Harry Harwood is very active lately, working for the election of Wilson. Harry is secretary of the Woodrow Wilson Clvb and was seen heb-nobbing with Secretary of War Baker during Mr. Baker’s stay in Grand Rapids and Muskegon. If Harry's enthusiasm wins the election, then we place a bet on Wilson. It is understood that the Crane Co., of Chicago, has closed the deal where- by it acquires the Grand Rapids Sup- ply Co. We know the Crane Co. to Le par excellence, but how it is going tc improve the Supply Co. and the organization, which is about as effi- cient as it is possible to make it?? Also show us a better sales force, leaded by the daddy of them all, George Taylor, Personally, we hope there will be no changes. The State Horticultural Society has again decided upon the Coliseum at Grand Rapids, Dec, 5-6-7, for their annual meeting. Roberts Smythe, of Benton Harbor, is the Secretary and promises the best exhibit in years. Grand Rapids Council is going to lose one of its most valuable mem- bers. A better business opening has induced Charles M. Lee, the well- known roofing contractor, to move to Toledo. Charles will be missed by the boys and the going away from this city of Mrs. Lee is a source of much regret by her many lady friends. We will miss them from cur parties, for they are always there with the glad hand to their many friends. Sunday evening, Oct. 22, Mr. and Mrs. John D. Martin gave a farewell dinner at their home for Mr. snd Mrs. Lee, covers being laid for eight. The party consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Lee, Mr. and Mrs. H. W. Harwood, Mr. and Mrs. E. Stott and Mr. and Mrs. John D. Martin. After dinner, cigars, music and political discussions ab- sorbed the evening hours. Mr. and Mrs. Lee have the best wishes of their friends for success, health and happiness in their new home. Some more dinner parties are arranged be- fore Mr. and Mrs. Lee depart from our city. Regardless of Tom Rooney’s ad- verse criticism, we are going to pub- lish our telephone number again and ask the boys to call us on the phone any time Sunday with some notes. Citz. 35931. Eari R. Haight. Butter, Eggs, Poultry, Beans and Potatoes. Buffalo, Oct. 25—Creamery butter, extras, 35c; first 33@34c; common, 30@32c; dairy, common to choice, 25@32c; poor to common, all kinds, 24@27c. Cheese—No. 1 new, 21c: choice 20c. Eggs—Choice, new laid, 38@40c; fancy hennery, 45@48c: storage, 30@ Sac. Poultry (live) —Fowls, 16@20c; springs, 15(@20c; old cox, 14c; ducks, 16@18c. Beans—Medium, $5.90@6.00; pea. $5.75; Red Kidney, $6.00; White Kid- ney, $6.25; Marrow, $6.25. Potatoes—$1.60@1.65 per bu. Rea & Witzig. Don’t Despise the Drink- ing Man—Help Him Don't kick a man because he is drunk. Help him. Surely every man is worth saving. Drop us a line and let us tell you how we can aid him. Ad- dress The Keeley Institute, 733-35 Ottawa Ave., N. W., Grand Rapids, Mich. THE DRUG TRADE. It Has Been Completely Revolution- ized and Commercialized. Written for the Tradesman. You asked me to write in regard to the drug trade from the years 1883 to 1916. I am reminded at once that if I undertook to give the subject full justice in detail that I would consume in a very few moments more than my share of this anniversary number which celebrates the third-third year of the Michigan Tradesman. I am at once reminded that in the year 1883 the drug business, both retail and wholesale, was about as much like the drug business of the present time as a rainbow is like the Aurora Borealis. In 1883 the idea had not been conceived as yet that a drug store was anything else but a drug store. At that time in a very few instances had retail druggists even considered the sale of candy, sta- tionery, sporting goods, books, toys, lunches or anything of a kindred kind. Physicians at that period were in the main writing prescriptions upon retail druggists in the country towns and cities, and a drug store could be refer- red to as strictly a drug store, with the possibility of the side lines of cigars, tobacco and wall paper. I must add that during that decade and possibly up to the year 1900 more or less of the drug stores throughout the country handled a line of white lead, linseed oil and house paints. I can remember distinctly that the re- tail firm with which I was employed at that time considered it not only un- ethical but as against the interest of his neighbor dealer to take on anything like stationery, books, candy or miscel- laneous notions that did not apply di- rectly to the drug business. The re- quirements for the practice of pharmacy, outside of a few amendments that have been made to the pharmacy law within the last few years, were practically as strict as they are at the present time. The pharmacist himself, however, was obliged to practice pharmacy to a great- er degree than he is practicing it at the present time. The ointment mixer and the pill tile, together with the moulds and facilities for stewing and heating, were more in use and the pharmacist came nearer being absolutely necessary to the physician and to the householder than he is to-day. In the first place some of the manu- facturing pharmacists did the practice of pharmacy and the country at large a vast amount of good in bringing into existence pharmaceutical preparations which were the products of experts and reducing the labor of the individual pharmacist and facilitating the work of the physician prescribing. This, how- ever, led to the exploitation of these preparations among the professionals and gradually to the sale of them direct to the prescriber, and this eventually led to the decrease of the pharmaceut- ical preparations furnished by the retail dealer direct to the consumer. During not only the decade from 1883 to 1890, but especially from 1890 to 1900, the department stores took it upon them- selves to assume the responsibility of distributing toilet articles to the con- sumer. This brought at first a war and then certain conditions of peace, MICHIGAN TRADESMAN but made an inroad into the sale of toilet preparations by the legitimate drug trade. In the decade from 1880 to 1890 these same dealers to a large extent consid- ered this class of work as piratical upon their neighbors, and I can remember distinctly that retailers decided that it was not the legitimate thing to do. It nevertheless occurred and many of our mercantile lines which, especially up to 1890 had remained distinct and clear cut, became in a small sense general merchandise. The drug line was the last one, I believe, to admit that such a thing could occur, but to-day we are confronted with the condition that while the pharmacist is putting up behind the prescription case and over the coun- ter every day more drugs than ever be- fore, he is yet well aware of the fact that the greater portion of them are thirty-three years ago. The truth is that the manufacturers of these goods, especially chemicals and pharmaceuti- cals, have not increased in number but have increased in their power of dis- tribution. It is also true that the strictly whole- sale druggist has not increased in num- ber as fast as the population of the country has increased, but the houses controlling the output are larger from the standpoint of organization and cap- ital and their output to the retail drug- gist is several times larger than thirty- three years ago. This is true, regardless of the fact that even the wholesaler himself has taken on such lines as books, stationery, holiday goods, sporting goods, soda fountains, drug fixtures and many other such items. These have been taken ~ on not particularly that the volume might be sustained, but that the capital Lee M. Hutchins already prepared and do not require any expert manipulation, and at the same time he is called upon to sell other mer- chandise, in order to protect himself as against his neighbors, that he never ex- pected to carry in stock. During the early years of the thirty- three referred to it was not supposed that even patent medicines could be bought from anyone except a druggist, but to-day the field for the distribution of these goods is enlarging and there is no prophet wise enough to say just where it will end. There is an ac- cepted belief by the average man that the drug business is not as large as it formerly was, but that is not true, be- cause the output not only by the manu- facturer along chemical and pharma- ceutical lines, but the distribution by the legitimate jobber as well as by the re- tailer is many times greater than it was invested for the distribution of drug merchandise should be employed to its utmost and also from the standpoint that the wholesale druggist is in closer touch with the wants of the retail drug- gist than even the manufacturer of these goods can be. A well equipped wholesale drug house carries all the way from twenty-five thousand to thirty-five thousand dis- tinct and separate items. The average retail drug store throughout the country towns and cities carries from four thou- sand to ten thousand items in stock, and the proportion of extra merchandise which can be called upon by a retailer from the wholesaler in the drug business is greater than in any other line. The quick and rapid distribution of small items in large numbers in one bill makes a line stable and in a sense concentrates its distributions October 25, 1916 The retail druggist, on account of the inroads of department stores and the selling of patents by manufacturers di- rect to general stores throughout the country, has been obliged likewise to take on different lines for output that would not appear to be legitimate. But, as stated in the outset of this contribu- tion, all of the lines of merchandising in this country, outside of the product of the manufacturers, have been fast assuming during the last fifteen or twenty years an output which not only affords but almost thrusts upon them the title of general merchants. There is, however, a sufficient amount of stability in the drug business, not only on account of the necessary prep- aration in the day school and in the pharmacy school on the part of the men who would practice pharmacy, but or account of the multitude of items to the number of thirty or forty thousand which can be referred to, and on account especially that there is a scientific side to the business, it can be reasonably expected that the drug line will yet hola its identity in every community in America as long if not longer than any other branch of merchandising. I can clearly remember as a boy when we crushed all the barks and roots which we used, made all the tinctures which we required, put up all the liniments, condition powders and dye stuffs which we sold, out of crude material, and I can also remember that when the new forms of these materials appeared in the market that a distrust was in the minds of even the best druggists of the country as to whether they would be permanent or not. And so we have passed through the evolution of all these things until this country at. the present time can compete so far as quality of output is concerned, with any other country in the world. On account of the pure food and drug laws of the United States, which had their beginning under the powerful hand of Dr. Wiley you can buy to-day in a retail drug store exactly what the label calls for and to any extent at a degree of safety which has never been equalled and I doubt if it will ever be excelled. Lee M. Hutchins. AMefvivtich sing “Its strong up-building action Gives general satisfaction.’’ a LEON 47 REELING CO, For Sale by all Wholesale Druggists a Tee £ 1916 ' the the 3 di- the B to that 4 But, ‘ibu- ising, duct fast Or : only them ount not orep- the men t or is to sand ount. side 1ably hola y in | any when vhich vhich ents, vhich nd I new ad in 1 the £ the id be have these esent ty of other drug 1 had hand ina - label legree ualled celled. lins. Seeman October 25, 1916 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN 91 Our Wall Papers || Holiday Goods Are P | | Mie tel re ropular Staple Sundries The proof of this statement is made plain by Now on display in our sundry room, viz: the fact that we are able to sell our papers through- 3 out the United States in the face of the strongest White Ivor y Goods competition in those distant communities. Leather Goods in Gents’ Sets They Have Selling Hand Bags, Writing Sets, Power Collar Bags, etc., Toilet, Manicure and : Military Sets and you need them in your store. ' Smoker’s Articles, General Novelties Heystek & Canfield Co. Cut Glass Grand Rapids, Mich. Stationery, Books, Bibles, Games Criterion Wall Papers Hazeltine & Perkins Drug Co. Paints Window Shades Wholesale Druggists Grand Rapids, Michigan Steel Lockers In Many Standard Sizes and Different Types for Schools, Clubs, Offices, Shops Garages, Stores, Etc. Metal Cupboards Records, Stationery, Office Supplies Tools, Etc. With Adjustable Shelves and Vertical Dividers METAL WARDROBES| for Offices, Schools, Garages and Homes Finished in Mahogany, Oak or Olive Green Color Highest Quality at Reasonable Cost STEEL SHELVING Stores, Stockrooms, Vaults and Offices STEEL EQUIPMENT reduces fire hazards, lowers insurance rates and is clean, sanitary and safe. TERRELL’S EQUIPMENT COMPANY Liberty Street GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN MICHIGAN TRADESMAN October 25, 1916 GROCERY PRICE CURRENT These quotations are carefully corrected weekly. within six hours of mailing. and are intended to be correct at time of going to press. Prices. however, are liable to change at any time. and country merchants will have their orders filled at market prices at date of purchase. ADVANCED Brooms Salmon California Prunes Hominy Flour Rolled Oats Feed Index to Marke a —— By Columns Col A Beormontie. 66s ke 1 Axle Grease .......... 1 B Baked Beans ......... 1 Bain Braek ......c-5., 1 Bie ec, cae i Breakfast Food ...... 1 Pees geo eee a et | ee es 1 Butter Color .....-.-- 1 eee gece ce ee 1 Canned Goods ......-. -2 RPGR. ck esceoneer 2 PUBPEE .ccu ecco wep ence 2 Chewing Gum ........ 3 Chocolate ........----- 3 Clothes Lines ........ 3 eo 3 Cocoanut .....--2-+-s- : Pe eee es cena Confections ........... 4 Prarkers ....:.....--- 5, 6 Cream Tartar ....-.-.. 6 Dd Dried Fruits ......... 6 E Evaporated Milk ..... 6 F Farinaceous Goods . 6 Fishing Tackle ...... 6 Flavoring Extracts 7 Flour and Feed ...... 7 Peant Jere ...-..----- 7 clase . 45 os. es 7 Grain Bags ....-...--- 7 H eres |. ck eee 7 Hides and Pelts ...... 8 Horse Radish ........ 8 . i ioe (ream ............ 8 J DO kee eee ee 8 Jelly Glasses ......... 8 M Mereront 2. 8 Momelap ............. 8 Meats, Canned ....... 9 Miinre Meat ........... 8 nee 8 mre .....:..- es 8 N OM ence. 4 ° ees 4... 8 P Peanut Butter ...... 8 Petroleum Products .. 8 Peas 42.12... 8 Eames ........ 2... 8 Playing Cards . 8 EXOMASR 5... cs5 8 Provisions ......... coe 8 R SS ........ eo eaee ce 9 Rolled Oats ......... 9 Salad Dressing ..... 9 Pease oo... 9 ROE oecee cr ahos cn ; Salt Fish ...... sees 9 eke bebe esstncce 10 Shoe Blacking ....... 10 WE coc specs e esses 10 Le aa eee 10 ee SS pelccee 10 Byres ...4..25-65- a 10 Table Sauces ......... 10 icc caer voce ccs 16 Tobacco ..... » © 2B 3s MOOD 262-55. csscc... 8 Vv TIT oo. o.s-..,.. 13 Wiking .......:..-... 13 Woodenware ......... 18 Wrapping Paper ..... 14 Y Tenet COD vcccco ccs 1 DECLINED 2 AMMONIA 12 oz. ovals, 2 doz. box AXLE GREASE Frazer’s 1tb. wood boxes, 4 doz. 1M. tin boxes, 3 doz. 344tb. tin boxes, 2 dz. 10Ib. pails, per doz. 15%. pails, per doz. 1 3 2 4 «6 Se 25Ib. pails, per doz. ..12 BAKED BEANS 60 00 35 25 00 20 00 No. 1, per doz. ....45@ 90 No. 2, per doz. No. 3, per doz. BATH BRICK English . BLUING Jennings’ -- 95@1 40 -- 1 35@1 75 95 Condensed Pear] Bluing 1 95 Small, 3 doz. box .... Large, 2 doz. box .... Folger’s 2 40 Summer Sky, 8 dz. cs. 1 40 Summer Sky 10 dz bbl 4 50 BREAKFAST FOODS Apetizo, Biscuits .... Bear Food, Pettijohns Cracked Wheat 24-2 Cream of Wheat .... Cream of Rye, 24-2 .. Quaker Puffed Rice .. Quaker Puffed Wheat Quaker Brkfst Biscuit Quaker Corn Flakes . Washington Crisps .. Wheatenn ........... Evapor’ed Sugar Corn Grape Nuts ........ Sugar Corn Flakes .. Holland Rusk ....... Krinkle Corn Flakes Mapl-Flake, Whole Wirat .. 3... 0. Minn. Wheat Meal .. Ralston Wheat Food Terge 188 ........ . Ralston Wht Food 18 Ross's Whole Wheat Biscuit ........>-.. Saxon Wheat Food .. Shred Wheat Biscuit Triscuit, 18 .oco.secs Pillsbury’s Best Cer’l Post Toasties, T-2 .. Post Toasties, T-3 .. Post Tavern Porridge BROOMS Fancy Parlor, 2 5lb. Parlor, 5 String, 25 Ib. Standard Parlor, 23 Ib. Common, 23 Ib. Specind, 23 ib. ...... Warehouse, 23 Ib. .... Common, Whisk .... Fancy, Whisk ....... BRUSHES Scrub Solid Back, 8 in. Solid Back, 11 in Pointed Ends BUTTER COLOR Ws at bad at C9 om 09 Cn BD BD be ht OTD oe tm OT OT Dandelion, 25¢ size .. 2 00 CANDLES Parafine, 68 ......... Paraffine, 12s ee WURCRIDE occoscoecee CANNED GOODS Apples 3 Ib. Standards .. @ me: 19 .. cl os Blackberries Standard No. 10 Blueberries Btantdard ............ PD. BO Sevcceccsceccc: 1 6 60 Clams Little Neck, 1 lb. .... 1 25 Clam Bouillon Burnham’s % pt. .... 2 25 Burnham’s pts. ...... 3 75 Burnham’s qts. ...... 7 50 Corn Bal oo 85@ 90 S000) Jose 1 00@1 10 Haney. .. 255.5... @1 30 French Peas Monbadon (Natural) per Gor. ......... . 75 Gooseberries No. 2, Aw oo 6 cece 1 35 No. 2, Fancy ..:...:. 2 50 Hominy Standard ......:.:... 85 Lobster AD: eco el oo. 2 a a OD. aoc: - 290 Pienie Fiat ....... -- 310 Mackerel Mustar@, 1 Ib. ....... 1 80 Mustard, 2 %b. :...... 2 80 Soused, 1% Ib. ...... 1 60 Soused, 2 Ib. ....... <2 80 Tomate, 1 Ib. ........ 1 50 Tomato, 2 ih. ...... - 2 80 Mushrooms Buttons, 148 ........ @28 Suttons, 18 ....-.ss6 - @42 maotete, 18 ..2. cell @36 Oysters Cove, 1 ib. 22... 75 Cove, 2 Ib ....., @1 40 Plums PARIMNS | ese es cee 90@1 35 Pears In Syrup No. 3 cans, per doz. ..1 50 Peas Marrowfat ...... 90@1 00 Early June .... 1 10@1 25 Early June siftd 1 45@1 55 Peaches Sg | ep ae ek -- 1 00@1 25 No. 10 size can pie @8 25 Pineapple Grated ..... --- 1 75@2 10 Sliced .......... 95@2 60 Pumpkin Paar 2 .o.5k. -oeeeeene 80 RODE weet eccscee owe 90 POGCy cea. seee 2 OD No. 10 ..<.625.e55.--. 2 Oo Raspberries Standard ........ Salmon Warrens, 1 Ib. Tall .. 2 30 Warrens, 1 Ib. Flat .. 2 45 Red Alaska .... 1 85@1 95 Med. Red Alaska 1 40@1 60 Pink Alaska @1 25 Sardines Domestic, 4s ........ 3 75 Domestic, % Mustard $ 25 Domestic, % Mustard 3 25 French, 48 ......... 7@14 French, %s ....... 18@23 Sauer Kraut No: 3. CARE .:.. oo. ce 1 25¢ No. 10, CAMS ..55...;. 3 50 Shrimps Dunbar, 1s doz. ...... 1 25 Dunbar, 1%s doz. .... 2 40 Succotash WOE ose ecu ce ee @90 JOO | 6. .o2 sick. @1 20 PANO. | os ceece 1 25@1 40 Strawberries Standard ......6.<6- 95 POET: o..ssce lee ca ee 2 25 Tomatoes GOO eset. 1 40 WAOG. ooo sss eee esc 1 75 mo, 30 2c... -- 4 50 Tuna Case 4s, 4 doz. in case ... 1s, 4 doz. in case ... 1s, 4 doz. in case .... CATSUP Snider’s % pints .... 1 40 Snider’s pints ........ 2 40 CHEESE DEMO 5555556 oe @23 Carson City ..... @23 Bree. og snc... @25 Lelien§ ..,...... @15 Limburger ...... @25 Pineapple ...... <— Sap Sago ....... Swiss, Domestic 3 4 D CHEWING GUM Adams Black Jack .... 62 Adams Sappota ...... Beeman’s Pepsin PCONUT oo c cc. ss 62 Chiclets . ee, Oe oe “i nae ec Gra- 50 Choice Open Orlean Kits, 1 a. 8 25 ll Ox. eo 3 dz. 35 Hinwateee 2 Oz. Gaee os = orsican oa 13@15 Tip. n- Higgins Millin sa Gasca a Kettle a fan Ibs. ripe 50 Tiller’s Royal ~ nS ps Hiawatha, as r, io M eo . e . Ss D . ‘ et oo : ae pee baper ens: t0 MUSTARD D oe ee sikish Petosicey and i a. *. 10 L se... er, cloth 2... : oe . Dai B 3 an, eac C * aed ja Aeon: ia Voigt Hard Whe. ah ge OLIVES 1 Country” Re Te 7 a wisnices tees oH Red Bell. | ner 3 oz. 2 00 nge. American an Lily Milling Co. 10 Bulk, 8 on kegs 1 2.9 A a ate hole Spice 4“ fa me doney oz. 4 00 rican |... 1 NV coe Co » dD ke 10 ‘0 eo ee 17G@ spice, Jama s e 8 oS 5 ot jpaisins eee a American eagle ks 10 15 oped gal. Kegs : 05901 a Corned Beet, Meats @23 fe ee ae Sweet Cub foll, ..-.- 3 a Loose Musc artons ‘American aoa} = eg wee oe i eef, 1 Ib. 4 Cassia, Soatsa or gue cn be. 5 74 ip M Es able 4 .. 2 25 rican meee 4 s 10 10 Pitted B OZ. veeeeee 90 ier et 2 i 3 50 Ginnce 5e nie os @24 Ss eet om 5 nister 5 76 i ele 5 Ge, 8 Spri aes {not a... 33 oast, Beef, 1 Ib... 14 & oe 4@15 Sree: Gone. aS. 9 16 oa ded, 1 ay Cr. = Ma pring ee 9 7 Man o stuffed)” = Sor Mae — mie 4 50 tance aoe oo & @35 Sweet a 7 co 5 76 90- forn . 94 A, zepp: y B at 0 GL ni ware ) Pott r, % am 2 50 Mi eo in . wee uba Tb. 9 100 25 la Pr 14 @9% Golde a . aker unch Cae F ed M AS . ixed enang @ @ 9% Sw t Burl % Yb. tin 4 95 ee | [oe bik 1 ts Pg ore a ae ed ee oe Sri Suey Fe LAD § Bs : ..@7 ree ake 9 : i ed I sf Mixed. Cc. : Ss y, § 4 oe 70 ee Laelaite . 6 (4 see ei a ies 9 ee " Mamn 1 35 Pivlavor, Ms oeilg : Nuun 5e is Lona: @17 anos i 2 : 5 76 50- 60 ae Ib. sania “@ 814 oe On ante : : Queen = aasas moth, 19 25 pl Ae ou .o Nutmess, 70-80, dz. oe Teleen Mist. Ms rs oz. i= in 50 35 re ae ema SE Tad ol oo re 2. 4 Sea: is Tizer ge pea ae VAPO | boxes "@10— resota, te ; ca Choa. S| 8 ott enenie. 3 Pp per. oe .. @30 ger, a 110 RATED ..@ oe oe ow, 2 doz. ed Tongue, is «. epper, White --.. a: Tiger, 350 ang’. 5 wa ee i. ee me cae 10 50 Sa Ze pe algal oe ngue, . is " baneia Gucgenue @20 ee. La ae eee : 76 Wall ii .....: =e Worde: ing Co 10 40 25 oy BUTTE J RIC @ & es 1. OM ‘Daniel, 1 sss 4a all eae ice Wingold. ¥4 ere a ae ma Beane. am Japan won a sround in Se Lic. .. 60 cate Th, ae ua, sag Witeold is oe ps ae “eles om ons igamatea”. =a a 53 INAC ee Vv ingold, 4s cloth .. 1 oe alle... 10 Ss 8 Geen Ge 7. oo Veen, aot oe EO SS ; 10 Vin , 4S oth 050 2 oz. j palla ..... Rolle LLE °° % oer anton @2 yrumm ib Z. Calif ole Se Wincold. a + 104 on ee oe a ae a gl = ihe gp age ._ butt oo Med ornia ein ODS ngold, La neu Ug 10 7 oz. be patis aia: 11 Sei Cut enna, bb 2 Nutm cae @26 Bann 5 Ib. ne bee 3 ae an mas . B oo 9 31°02. jars a i ae N oe Is. 6 25 Pouner His a rummond Nat. ahs” own and Picked <7 pci "Meal er 1. 10 00 zelda cs ace Monarch, gg ae a = Pepper Biack neces: @1 00 | Rattle As Nat. toe eC ” Granul . P EUM PRODL 135 Quaker, 2 Regt sis.’ 2 90 a Me... @24 Bie F Speeernerne = > packaaes Bat apulated "S600 Rertection PRooucts cer, Bani a veers a8 By Fine, Sic 3 ri 00 che i G Gran 6a ar olu .AD wc : gari -~« @25 RB Ja an 2 Packed 12 aa 190 Mi eG 0M {Crown “Gasoline” Tra Columbia. gORESSIN 4% a a5 Putt Jack, 2 Tb d 16 1b. 32 s (40 ntain s tha arlot Atl ol C phth e 31.9 urkee’ , large. tae : 5 fuzz: rd, 40 Cli ax Go Z. . Q Pea Ho ) rolls er n carl ge. Ss antic ylinder ao. Tt Snider’ s, sma be aoe 4 00 y, 48 Ibs. Cli max, 1 iden oe . 96 Ane 100 Ib. eco ae0 cee a. Suede Ge Bolatie 2 Engine . 339 Snider's, eres 2 dom. 6 290 ~=«S ver Kings! pkgs. | 7% Climaar Lg gee vis i Domestic, ee 3 00 ess than car _ 7 ae ko 18.9 s, small, doz. - Z a Gee a a ce a 4 70%. wesceeee. z m » 1 e sae cee ; : r 1 C Bet 7 ported, is lb. vermicelll Carlo rlots .. 2210 cickiaa ' 9.2 Wain fe oz. 1 45 sive, 24 5 Gloss b. 1% Creme os 7 ul 47 ou. Ib. box . Less than’ a i Bare Medium. 82.9 Wye and i oe Silver petiole rye 4 § Ben de. Menth 1h 38 este B 35 an carlots alf » 1,2 m yan ee r Gloss, 6 3 eee 9 5 Bros 0 ne Porta ae arley o Ss carlots. .. 12 5 pbls., 00 ¢ dotte mmer box oss 3lbs 90 Four Rx 4) oa 6 es ivont | Gar ee ig’. 14 00 Seis bees aun 100 %s 3 48 11b a nee: ap Bee ee a 2S ue esas 46 Ma eee Feo 4 00 kegs oe 8 Gran SAL .. 09 «16 3b. wuiehaces a So Fdg BD escent 28 ae . Corn & 02 Ba on is Granulate SODA _ soo 12 it pechune % Gold Ro mig yaaa 66 Split, ee ge ie 6 90 Gricked’ Gorn Oat Fa i 00 ee el. 2 90 Granulated bbls. ; eG packages oo ‘ oo ho 5 wai ne 30 eee , bu. 4 den Mecal 00 gall a ed. 3 bs. cs 40 ' Tho gaa soeeee 53, Cy i, a 2 ‘Ib. 50 big walelacs . 95 M FRU Meal ae 428.6 on k eee 10 50 ’ co ae ae ae: 4 rang 12 and 8 . 68 oe aso IT cs 0 egs a gs. a 86s TY, e& er and Tb. Bast India 2 Mason, its 60 Hin da rela erage 30 olly T Ib. ist, 5 43 we . aoe lu : 1% cae 7. ar, ores Pearl, 100 anes Cox’s, 1 doz TINE - 2 25 Half r ee mall 15 98 Ib. = : {S60 1e Kar eee j 2 K i Ne . ani Ww a a ee ute sacks Knox's. oo . gallon kee: oe OS » acks ..... Ane 2 35 Blue. spam aa aa Sith tn ib ib 40 aaa ga pkgs sacks .. 8 Knox's sparking. « - s a ees, pena li ee 56 Ib an a aS Blue gato, N sie. a i Roe Navy, Ib. .. a , , 10 02., es 9 a ae Sparkling, ~- 1 - Clay, No. O16, PES 4 20 28 Ib. sacks rsaw 20 Bias are, me i 2 40 Maple 50 — 6 - 39 SHIN = 360 M ute, 2 a dag! 14 0 Cob D. per b - dairy in drill 0, No.’ a 4 tb aaa ae 45 1 G TA inute, ats., d ee To ee ae full co ox 2 00 5G Ss drill bag 26 Ret + oe. 10, . 2 40 obby idow, a 48 Intense Nelson's s+. on 1 138 No pee vos oe ‘solar Rock Bet Ts esi 2 Parrot, 73 salt ag 6 coe ee . 8 75 No none canes 990s Granul os. Rea | Karo, N geess ce 4 hou a are & 3 58 Plymo th Rock, Pho : No. 20; eat womens ae wine - 2 i a ae aa: 2 th ant at. Leaf’ 32 a eb ieee Phos. van We a eet ssorted 1 as ao: ie Wee Wace we oe a Piper Helass 2 & 1a © road IN ain . 98 ecia m’d Ss eeeeee doz. | o, N ¥ 1 dz. 99 ipe ids Ib. 43 Cc G B N Go ee 15 AL -1 z . 0. Zz. rH ieck, : Climax, auge, Baas 90 ag 808, a aati fa 1 a baie A FISH 25 wal ect 10% 2 80 Lise ; eldsieck, 4&7 Ib 45 ark, A, 16 02.” “2 38 Tourn't Ww ~ 2 Small, whole aun wae” cen Cross a ee S68 Sage HERB: iS ae 23 Babbitt’ at whist 2 00 Strips whole co @ a ey sent Fea ag anaes doz. rh GRE ost sag 26 itt’s, 2 _ t 2 25 Pollock ies Ak 9 ee 16 Gudae ea eases ic ee Z. as 1 eceecee sees r do _ Poitiers one 175 «tri Sakae & - 14@15 Goarier ae Grane tai = aver foe “13 8 oz. 48 Bre aaa 10020 a Clear Esresies one rips nee fees a ae? on ene Spear Head. Mine . = Bee An ae - Short rag a a g Node wmeae on Halford BLE aaa 6 0 es oe va aa 44 G AND P ee 5 Bea ut Clr 00@29 trips Hallb coauae Halfor , large UCES 0 a 6 7 14 -_ . 44 treen, N Hide ELTS 5 Brisk cubes 26 00@ 00 annk ut a aaa cinta 12 ‘ana & 22 it 7 Green, ag a et, Giear 30 C1026 00 eo ee sm Tan! rd Navy aaa ured, No. 2 17 ee Os ens 30 00@3 6 00 Stan ee TE a 2 26 en Pen Ib. heat 7%, 45° 43 Cured, No. 1 165 Family ..... o90 SM wh nd Herring “eeantneeteres Town ‘Talk, awh alfsk oie el 0 oe ak We s wh. é Choi m a ank } 12 1 4 ao Pol Calfskin, green, No. i 19 ae Battier Meats oe YM. wh. ae % bois. 50 Wance Desesesen par0@2 ee Girl 2 ae 33 ‘mboo, 14 ‘alfskin, een, No. 1 ake k LS ee 2 2 & 24 Ib. | Bamboo, 18 i "pet doz. 55 Calfskin, cured, Ne 4 1% hoa Pi inet M egs ae iiiichers peated Nal : 280033 All Rea Scrap Ib. 32 r e . ou s seeeee -fired ¢ , a | 5 i ber de $3 Lamha ma Se iby BR tubs oon Son Meg. tas Bil a OS ie Bee Apion 8 Shearl! eee 6 50 Ib. ubs ... advan 13 See r Split 9 Ibs 8 ‘iftings TDS oc ney 28@ 7 utlas iS. 5¢e p Se 76 AE ee 0@1 25 20 Ib. tubs ... -adva ce & Snerial, 20 00 Ib 10 00 Siftings, oo deme 3 45 Globe | ao ' 5 40 eae 2. ome cee ies tae ae z @1 00 5 Ib. ote + ae % ned, 10 ene ee Moyune Gunpowder 12014 vaney anes oor = S . anc N . poxes .. Moyune, edi r N est S Ser oz 'e . adv: e Y o. 1, Tro es .. Moy ne, C ium Tail era rap, 0 ee os we 100 — ho OPing St Choice 28@33 old a 4S ele 1 No. ay Pg Ue 7 50 ro eee medi arenas Old ‘Times oo = , 3 Ibe baaceaes 2 25 ing Piped erate 25 @30 Red r Bear Es oe = an Tues ee we ae C Y , Fanc 35@ Red and 1, 0G, 36 .. 5 50 mi $B Faney oung Hysor nen oe eo aes 84k, ai Scrapple, 50, DRES. o. 6 00 rset Yankee Gi _ -- 142 -.- 45@ Pan e Girl Ym gro. 48 66 P Ha Ser gro. 5 eache ndle Sc ap 202 76 y Sera rp \4gr 5 76 co ae = ; October 25, 1916 94 MICHIGAN TRADESMAN YEAST CAKE Roasted peng Hog Sabir = 3 25 © 8 dow (23:5. : oss, cakes, 5c sz 3 60 12 13 14 anne S408... : : i Dwinnell-Wright Brands ie Master, 100 blocks 4 00 Sunlight, 1% doz. .... 50 Oe rect tte cake - as Yeast Foam, 8 doz. ..1 a ea cakes Smoking a ee _ babe : c Butter Pilates Yeast Foam, 1% ea 3 Queen Anne, 100 cakes 3 60 All Leaf, 2% & 7 0z. 30 Soldier ‘Boy, se nis 5 16 — De oc - . —. ay 7 Th., 250 1 rate .... allroad, cakes .. BB, BU Of. ..cccc-nes 6 00 oe ee 10c .....10 5 . : . . “a i ee TELFER’S #2. COFFEE Saratoga, 120 cakes .. 2 50 BG, 7 Bf. . 22655256 12 00 or rte ae tb., n crate .... White Fleece, 50 cks. 2 50 BE 46 ox. -..... 2.0.2 24 00 8, coserceceess 1 th., 250 in crate ...... 40 White Fleece, 100 cks. 3 25 Stag, 8 oz. glass .. 4 50 Gateur, 8 on. ......-- 5 04 Stag, 90c glass tt g 49 2 Ib., 250 in crate ...... 50 DETROIT White Fleece, 200 cks. 2 50 Badger, 7 oz. ...... ..11 52 Soldier Boy, 1 Ib. .... 475 3 tb., 250 in crate ...... 70 Crncter & Ganble C Banner, 5c .......-. 5 76 tained ne. 1 of. 5 - 5 Tb., 250 in crate ...... 90 Parti . oe Banner, 20c .......+- 160 Sweet Lotus, 10c ....11 52 ee Ivory, 6 0z. .... Banner, 40c ......... 3 20 — cotee a doz. 4 = cag ice Ivory, 10 oz. . Sweet Rose, oz. .. 30 4 w. 250 in crate ...... Star ......0---. Belwood, Mixture, 10c {4 Gicet Tip Top, 5c... 50 ig = - — 38 Jamo, 1 tb. tin ......81 Big Chief, 2% oz. .... 6 00 Sweet Tip Top, 10c .. 100 9 th.. 250 in crate pita, Eden, 1 Ib. ‘et pene ie a Swift & Company Big Chief, 16 oz. 30 Sweet Tips, % gro. ..10 80 5 Ib. 201 t es Belle Isle, 1 27 ; fn Carel wes 8 n crate ..... Bismarck, 1 is ae 24 Swift’s Pride ....... 2 85 Bull Durham, 5c .... 6 00 noe eee penne ; White Laundry ...... 3 50 Summer Time, 5c .... 5 76 Vera, 1 fb. coos 28 wid Bull Durham, 10c ....1152 Summer Time, 7 oz. 1 65 Chains Koran, 1 tb. ie ea Wool, 6 oz. bars ..... 3 85 Bull Durham, i5¢ .... 145 Summer Time, 14 oz. 350 4. 5 a1. each .. 2 40 Telfer's Quality 26 .. 19 Wool, 10 oz. bars ... 6 50 oe eee Fe. oe nga 7 agente : : 64 Barrel, 10 gal., each ..2 55 Salty, -.... S Whi EN. 2 ase en Tradesman Company Bull Durham, 16 oz. .. 680 Geal N. GC. 1% cut plug 70 J. G. POs .. nese 7 White House, 2 Ib. ....--- Black Hawk, one box 2 50 Buck Horn, 5c ...... 576 Seal N. C. 1% Gran... 63 Clothes Pins tes Blossom Tea 87 Excelsior, Blend, 1 lb. ..-. piack Hawk, five bxs 2 40 Buck Horn, 10c ..... 1152 Three Feathers, 1 oz. 48 Round Head Telfer's Ceylon .... 40 Excelsior, Blend, 2 Ib ..... Black Hawk, ten bxe 2 2% Briar Pipe, 5c ....... 5 cee eee ~ 52 41% inch, 5 gross ...... 65 Tip Top Blend, 1 Ib. ..... : Briar Pipe, 10c ...... st Sl. wets .. 2a OReRPe ho Sh em ee AXLE GREASE Bevel Bind... ..6-0<5 sony gel gag > Egg Crates and Fillers Royal High Grade ..... -- Sapolio, gross lots 9 50 — white ao ee a z fe 3 oz. .. 76 Humpty Dumpty, 12 dz. 20 Superior Blend .......... Sapolio, half gro. lots 4 85 ereeer BC... ee eee 570 Turkish, Patrol, 2-9 5 76 ek . Se worse 44 Boston Combination ..... Sapolio, single boxes 2 40 arnival, % OZ. ...... 39 Tuxedo, 1 oz. bags .. hele i Carnival, 16 oz. ...... 40 Tuxedo 2 oz. tins .... 96 Case No. 2, fillers, 15 Distributed by Judson ee oo Cigar Clip’g Johnson 30 Tuxedo, 20¢ .....--- OGD RR wees seen rnc ee 35 Grocer Co., Grand Rapids; S°°Urine, 50 cakes .. 1 80 Cigar Clip’g Seymour 30 Tuxedo, 80c tins .... 7 45 Case, medium, 12 sets 1 15 Lee & Cady, Detroit; Lee Scourine, 100 cakes .. 3 50 Saks Cicer Cutten 4 350 Union Leader, ite eT Faucets ‘ — Kalamazoo; a — ee coer 2 Continental Cubes, 10c 90 RGUCH wwe es ene 152 cork lined, 3 in. ...... 76 City Grocer Company, Bay Corn Cake, 14 oz. .... 2 55 Goan Letec ready Cork lined, 9 in. .... 80 , City; Brown, Davis & Soap Compounds Corn Cake, 7 oz. .... 145 cut .......-+++-++- 52 Cork Hned, 10 In. ...... 90 1 Ib. boxes, per + gross 870 Warner, Jackson; Gods- J°hnson’s Fine, 48 2 3 25 a ae. oe ; : oe . 50c box 5 a a as 3 Tb. boxes, per gross 28 10 ae i: & Co., Bat- Johnson’s XXX 100 5c 4 00 ee ae ee ee Be tenes : $5 che Ce . gaa Fielbach Co., Rub-No-More ....... 3 85 Cuban Star, 16 oz. pls 5 72 Wave Line, 3 0z. ...... 40 Eclipse patent ‘spring 1 05 BAKING POWDER Nine O’Clock ........ 3 50 Cope, 106 ..-..-.... 10 30 Wave Line, 16 oz. .... 40 No. 1 common 1 05 \ xc Dills Best, 1% oz. .... 79 Way Up, 2% oz. -.-- 575 No 2 pat. brush hold 1 10 Doz. = seni a OE. sane 3 Way Up, . — pails 6 4 Ideal fv 1 10 10c, 4 doz. in case .... 90 SALT. WASHING POWDERS. s Bes Oo. .... TB wWila Fruit, oc ------ F ? : oe Dixie Kid. 5c ........ 48 Wild Fruit) 10c aa comm mop heads 150 45¢, 4-doz. in case .. 135 - oo bo Duke’s Mixture, 5c .. 576 Yum Yum, ‘Se 2 occ. 5 76 25c, 4 doz. in case .. 2 25 large packages --4 30 Duke’s Mixture, 10c ..11£2 Yum Yum, 10c .....- 11 52 rae 50c, 2 doz. plain top 4 50 100 small packages ..3 §5 Duke’s Cameo, 5c .... 5 (6 Yum Yum, 1 Ib. doz. 480 10 qt. Galvanized .... 2 50 : Tram, 60 ..........-. 5 76 12 qt. Galvanized .... 275 80c, 1 doz. plain top 6 75 Lautz Bros.’ & Co. ~4 . | ae | fs = CIGARS 14 qt. Galvanized .... : : 10 Ib. % dz., pln top 13 50 [Apply to Michigan, Wis- Fashion,” 5¢ i 6 00 Barrett Cigar Co. BORO penser eeene rte Someta dicln auated ws Me laa consin and Duluth, only) ee, 16 ~ spat 528 La erg en . Toothpicks nin Se ~~ 8 . S af Snow Boy re Boe Leck. § a, Panetella : Five Bros., a 10 80 Le “Qualitencia, Concha 58 a 108 packages .. 3 - ; re 100 pkgs., 5c size 3 75 Five cent cut Plug .. 29 B. & S., Havana ...... 3 Pre erent eee K C Baking Powder is 60 pkgs., 5c size 2 40 woe & ie 11 52 B. & S., Broadleaf ..... 33 Trans guaranteed to comply with 48 pkgs., 10c size ....3 75 a Reni gg a 2 Selison Clear Co's Brand Mouse, wood, 2 poles a3 2 ALL Pure Food Laws, both 24 pkgs., family size ..3 20 iwc 0 < his wk ob Mouse, Wwood,, ao a State and National. 20 pkgs., laundry size 4 00 Gold Block, 10c ...... 12 60 Dutch Masters Inv. 70 00 49 qt. Galvanized ..... 1 70 Gold Star, 50c pail .. 4.60 Dutch Masters Pan. 7000 14 gt. Galvanized .... 1 90 Naphtha Gail & Ax Navy, 5e 576 Dutch Master Grande 65 90 jouse, wood, 6 holes .. 70 Reyal Morton's Salt 60 pk 5 rower GP 4). ls. 42 ‘putch Masters 5c size Mouse, tin, 5 holes 65 p Per case, 24 2 lbs. 1 70 te re Growler, 10c ......... 94 ee ote) ...-..-> 10 00 Rat Lan “Too 80 10c size .. 90 Five case lots ....... 160 100 pkgs., 5c size ....3 75 Growler, 200 ...-..-.. 135 Gee Jay (300 lots) .. 9 * et sot .......-.-. %Ib cans 1 35 te > MS wench ns reece > com, SOC |... ----.2- 3 72 oy ge yd 10 00 = on. cane 1 98 SOAP ore tere Hand Made. 2% oz... 59 . Tubs %lb cans 2 50 lous Bes & © 60 5c packages ...... 2 40 Hazel Nut, 5c ...... 6 00 Worden Grocer Co. Brands wy 1 wibre ...16 50 %Ib cans 8 76 g 4 24 packages ..... 3°75 Honey Dew, 10c .... 12 00 Canadian Clup Mo 2 Wabre .........1b It cans 489 LAPPly to Michigan, Wis- ee Hunting, SC ee eeeeeeee 38 Londres, 50s, wood .... 35 No. 3 Fibre ......... 13 50 consin and Duluth, ont J Oak Leaf [Tet Ge... 50 ronaece Son fins ..... 35 Laree Galvanized 9 00 31b cans 13 06 Acme, 70 bars ...... [x i. 6 atk .....- 330 Londres, 200 lots 10 Medi d.. 8 00 SID cans 2150 Acme, 100 cakes. 5c sz 360 24 packages ......... 3 75 cc , 200 TOTS .--+-- edium Galvanized .. . ee os. pee Pe ecee : . Small Galvanized .... 7 00 corn, 120 cakes 250 100 5c packages ..... 3 75 n ra, oe cescce King Bird, 10c ...... 11 52 TWINE FITZPATRICK oe eee SOAP CHIPS King Bird, 5c 57 Washboards White City (Dish Washing). . BBLS. in Weete, be. Se CORON. 3 OT --------+- et ae, Giobe ...--- 325 Tip Top (Causti - ing tee eeeeseceeceeeee dO lbs......8c per Ib. Little Giant, 1 1b. ao = oe be oeee Lees ae See 51 met teen BO). g sce os os See ees specs esc. acc COO IDB. 0.5: 4c per lb. Lucky Strike, 10¢ : 96 Hen e eoccccevcces 12 Glass, Single ........ 3 60 ry De oko ab bs haces idscccsc css ee. 5c per lb. is 5 > : 2 sa ae 10 £0 me oo ; Double Peerless ..... 6 = Palm Soap 88% Dry a eas eles 6 ae palais spe 0:6 Sine siewiale oe: --300 Ibs..... 6%c per Ib are 8 Sate ee Bee ee oe SEND FOR SAMPLES : Myrtle Navy, ic ..... 76 Good Enough ....... 4 65 Th Maryland Club, 5¢ |... £0 VINEGAR son ii SEAS 4 75 e niy C t Cl Mayflower, 5c ....... *, 6 00 eceien ive en eanser Mayflower, 10c 1 00 White Wine, 40 grain 8% —. Wine, 80 grain 11 : Gicer tidir Se eh 6 00 ums nie 100 Cale . 12 gi ' ie econ 1 65 Guaranteed to Equal the Best 10c Kinds Nigger Hair, 10c ....10 70 at im 4. 32. 1 85 anc aor = Hem = Oakland Vinegar = Pickle «6 th 62. ci. 2 30 gger Hea C .22.19 OD Co.’s Brands Noon, Hour 8a... Si. ene 80 Cans..... -$2.90 Per Case ‘olony gro. 11 52 oo awe oe Se ......... 5 76 Oakland apple cider ..16 43 in. Butter ........ 1 75 SHOWS A PROFIT OF 40% Old English Crve 1% o0z. 96 State Seal sugar ..... 14 15 in: Butter ....... - 315 oo a ho Pouce i = Oakland white picklg 10 17 in. yo soend ce snes “- s 5 OM pees eee E Packages free. 19 in. utter ....4<- © ao oe, prem 8 0 Handled by All Jobbers Pat Hand, i oz. ...... 63 WICKING WRAPPING PAPER a ee 1% oz. - No. 0, per gross ...... 85 Fibre Manila, white .. 7% erson Seal, oz. .. 9 j i i . a eae Beal, to = Y = _ tee — — — 1% Pia an order with your jobber. If goods are not satis- a & a oe S * of : ct ph 2 Butchers’ ashe io actory return same at our expense.—FITZPATRICK BROS. Peerless, 10c paper ..10 80 ___ Leisure Hour Jottings From Jackson. Jackson, Oct. 23—This issue brings another anniversary to the Michigan Tradesman. Thirty-three years is a long period of time, but the crowning event is important because of the fact that the same master hand and mind is still on the throne to receive the honor so justly merited. The Trades. man has always been an increasing factor in the commercial life of the Middle West and has always kept itself adjusted to changing conditions a BE STRAT MICHIGAN TRADESMAN and progressive business principles. Integrity and fearlessness have also been prominent in its policies and its influence and work of tiie past will en- sure greater accompiishments for the future. We rejoice in the satisfaction that must come at this time to the veteran editor, E. A. Stowe, and sin- cerely hope that he will personally be identified with the Tradesman’s anniversaries for many years to come. Edward Schumacher has identified himself with A. R. Gfell, grocer of Ann Arbor. Mr. Schumacher was for many years with J. A. Brown and will be a valuable asset to the Gfell store. H. M. Dickinson, the East Main street grocer is now building houses te rent. Dick certain!y knows how tc keep the surplus money working. The Frank L. Day apartments are now rented and occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Harold Barnard. The wedding took place last week Wednesday and the bride was Miss Frances Day, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Day. Hearty congratulatiosis. Billy Sunday spoke tc an audience of about 11,000 last Morday forenoon in Ann Arbor. His subject was Booze and one young man who has always argued that a drink now and then did not harm anyone—he himself know- ing by experience—said that Billy Sunday certainly opened his eyes and he has changed his mind. This young man is a clerk in one 9f Ann Arbor’s good grocery stores. The present administration seems te be following the policy of letting big business alone. We wonder if this policy is reflected at all in the price of some of our staple com- modities. Another big building for Jackson will be started at once. The Jackson City Club has let the contract for its new home on Cortland street and work will start immediately. The changing conditions have made it so that the traveling salesman who lives on crackers and cheese will have an expense account of some magni- tude nowadays. Spurgeon. Does Not Approve of the One Dollar Rate. Kalamazoo, Oct. 23—I think the Michigan Tradesman is the most in- consistent trade paper [ ever bumped up against. I have always maintained that it is a shame for any merchant to pay $1 a year for a trade journal like the Tradesman, which is well worth $5 tc any progressive merchant; and ! have tried on several occasions to pay $2 a year for it, without accomp- lishing my purpose. Mr. Stowe has always insisted that he had one price to all—$1 a year if paid in advance and $2 a year if not paid strictly in advance—and he has achered so close- ly to that theory that ! have never been able to induce him to deviate therefrom. It was with much pleasure and sat- isfaction that I read ir last week’s issue that after Jan. 1 the price would be increased to $2 per year to those who paid in advance and $3 per year to those who do not. I was dismayed, however, when I read further down in the announce- ment that those of us who are in “good and regular standing’—which Editor Stowe construes to mean those of us who keep their subscriptions paid ahead—can have tiie paper as far ahead as they wish to pay therefor at the $1 rate. In other words, the price of paper has increased 200 per cent. and the subscription price will be advanced 100 per cent., but—and here is the inconsistency of the thing —Editor Stowe considers the inter- ests of his old customers and long- time readers more than he does the well being of himself and his associ- ates and therefore offers us an op- portunity to take advantage of him by paying in advance as far as we care to do so at the old rate. As a merchant who appreciates a good thing when he sees it, I shall do nothing of the kind. My subscrip- tion expires with the end of this calendar year. I shall wait until Jan. 2 and then send the Tradesman $10 for a five year subscription at the $2 rate. To avail mysel? of Mr. Stowe’s offer to obtain a $5 paper at a $1 rate would place me in.a position where I would feel that I had com- mitted an unworthy act. The laborer is worthy of his hire. Every mer- chant in Michigan is under lasting obligation to Editor Stowe for the work he has done, the reforms he has secured, the court decisions he has obtained, the organic law he has cre- ated and the modern methods he has introduced in the mercantile world. Not to recognize this fact and pay deserved tribute to the remarkable accomplishments of this remarkable man—who has devoted a third of a century to the cause he espoused in his youth and has pursued unfalter- ingly, steadfastly and unselfishly for so long a period—is to be blind to the most potent factor in the mercan- tile life of Michigan; and I, for one, propose to show Mr. Stowe that I do not propose to assist him in cheat- ing himself cut of the extra dollar a year, when he has done so much for me and every other merchant who has been the beneficiary of his labors in eur behalf. Long-Tiine Merchant. —_+-. Sidelights on Celery City Affairs. Kalamazoo, Oct. 238—Kalamazoo Council, U. C. T., held their regular meeting last Saturday evening, ini- tiated three candidates and elected three others. The winter’s social sea- son being at hand a committee of five was named to conduct dancing parties, cards, etc., on the same lines so suc- cessfully carried out last season. Interest in the order was manifest- ed by the appointment of two captains who will divide the list of available candidates and proceed to canvass for new members. The struggle will terminate with a grand celebration and feed at the Januarv meeting, the team showing the fewest applications to foot the bill. Special prizes were aiso donated, which the committee will give to the successful ones. Past Grand Counselor Eugene Welch was present and enlivened the meeting with a few choice remarks Resolved—That whisky is the chap that can make a $150 man look like 30 cents. We are 500 years ahead in knowing of what we are doing. We know enough and well enough. Our knowl- edge of truth, justice and charity is sufficient, If we would do as much aud as well as we know there certain- ly would be no fault to find. Joseph D. Clement. ——_2-. Actual Cost of Producing Michigan Eggs. East Lansing, Oct. 24—A communi- cation was received from the Secre- tary of the California Department of Markets to-day by J. N. McBride, Michigan Director of Markets, which may mean that eggs shipped in car- load lots will find a ready market in California. The California Market Department asks for information as to the cost of producing eggs in Michigan, stating that eggs in that State are now being produced at an average cost of 21 cents a dozen. This is figuring on an output of £2,000 dozen eggs. Professor C, H. Burgess, head of the Poultry Husbandry Department cf the Michigan Agricultural College, has just completed an investigation into the cost of producing eggs in Michigan in which he finds that Wol- verine poultry men, figuring on a basis of 12,000 dozen eggs, are producing eggs at an average cost of 12% cents a dozen. The big saving in cost of produc- tion would allow Michigan poultry men to ship their eggs to California and after paying the freight still have a safe margin to undersell the Cali- fornia producers. October 25, 1916- Information Was Evidently Good. Springport, Oct. 23—Please accept my sincere appreciation for the cour- tesies you have extended to me in looking up the reliability of concerns I have asked you about. On one that I asked you about, about four years ago, your advice was good, as later the parties enquired about were sent to prison and the information you furnished me was ample to convince me that they were 2 good bunch to leave alone. And as your advice was so good, when I was in doubt again a short time ago, I wrote for informa- tion, and although you have not com- pleted your investigation, you told me enough so I turned down the proposition, and I believe that it will finish like the first one. I do not see how any merchant can afford to do business without your paper. By close observation I know that any one who runs a store could well afford to take your paper. He would profit by your advice on mar- ket conditions and make his purchases much more understandingly and ad- vantageously. I wish you a continuance of the success you have so richly earned. Scott Lane. The o-oo ; Notice of Sale Under Trust Chattel Mortgage. Notice is hereby given that, default having been made in the conditions of a certain trust chattel mortgage executed by Chas. A. Vandenbergh of Howard City, Montcalm county, Mich., to the undersigned. I have taken and shall sell at public auction, to the highest bidder, on Thursday, the second day of November 1916, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon, at the store formerly occupied by the said C. A. Vandenbergh at Howard City, Mich., the property mortgaged, which consists of and is inventoried as fol- Icws: Shoes and rubbers $1,099.63: dry goods $1,449.57; clothing $480.15; groceries $341.58; furniture and fix- tures $690.55; total $4.061.58. An itemized inventory may be seen at the office of the undersigned, at the Grand Rapids Dry Goods Co., Grand Rapids, Mich., and will be on hand at the sale. The sale will be for cash, and im- mediate possession will be given. Wm. B. Holden, Trustee and Mortgagte. —_——so--a From a Long-Time Patron. Grand Rapids, Oct. 16—It is exactly thirty-two years ago since I landed in Grand Rapids. The Tradesman had just celebrated its first birthday. I was then introduced to Mr. E. A. Stowe, who had a little publication office on Lyon street and I became his near neighbor in the arcade. We have been friends ever sinee and | attribute to him and the advice and assistance he freely gave me, especial- ly in the early eighties, much of the success I achieved in this market. Mr. Stowe certainly has reason to be justly proud of the wonderful growth of the Tradesman. It is remarkable what he has succeeded in developing out of the little sheet of thirty-three years ago. One must congratulate the man who stuck thirty-three years to his post, as Stowe did, and I here- with express the wish that he may be spared to continue his good work in the future as he has in the past, with- out fear or favor. L. Winternitz. BUSINESS CHANCES. On account of other business, will dis- pose of all or part of a light manufac- turing plant to a capable man who can manage same. Small investment re- quired. Goods show handsome profit. F. H. C., care Tradesman. 579 For Sale—Good clean stock groceries and fixtures. Doing a good _ business. Will sell store or rent. Geo. W. Town- send, Plainwell, Michigan. 580 For Sale—Bakery with good retail business—no delivering. Man and wife can step into a good paying proposition. Splendid location on the principle street in Grand Rapids. Only $3,600. Address Baker, care Tradesman. 581 ead ae