r\n

c r z i

LK

Do you f e a r the force of the wind,
The slash of the rain?
Go face them and fight them.
Be savage again.
Go hungry and cold like the wolf,
Go wade like the crane:
The palms of your hands will thicken
The skin of your cheek will tan,
You'll grow ragged and weary and swarthy,
But you'll walk like a man!
—Hamlin

MARCH
1937

Garland.

Greetings to the
Greenkeepers
^ / E T A K E t h i s o p p o r t u n i t y t o e x t e n d to
y o u t h e g r e e t i n g s of o u r C o m p a n y , a n d
to give you a personal m e s s a g e .
T h a n k s t o t h e c o n f i d e n c e a n d h e l p of
the Greenkeepers, 1936 was Worthington's
m o s t s u c c e s s f u l y e a r . W e w i l l c o n t i n u e in
1 9 3 7 to provide you w i t h e q u i p m e n t w h i c h
is d e s i g n e d t o m a k e y o u r j o b e a s i e r , h e l p
y o u k e e p your course in C h a m p i o n s h i p
Condition and cut your costs. W o r t h i n g t o n E q u i p m e n t w i l l m a k e e v e r y d a y of t h i s
n e w year a h a p p y day for you.
Since 1914 Worthington has been the
first t o i n t r o d u c e e v e r y i m p o r t a n t d e v e l o p m e n t i n t h i s field. W e h a v e b e e n a b l e t o
do this b e c a u s e w e h a v e studied your
p r o b l e m s a n d k e p t a b r e a s t of y o u r r e q u i r e ments.
The Worthington M o w e r Company also
t a k e s this opportunity to c o n g r a t u l a t e you
on t h e p r o g r e s s y o u h a v e m a d e in your
A s s o c i a t i o n to d e v e l o p a n d p r o m o t e t h e
p r o f e s s i o n of g r e e n k e e p i n g .

Ulormirigtoji
mower
\pnpanu

-

_

The Seven Gang, king of them all, cutting a width of 16 feet

IT'S EASY

to keep your course
in top c o n d i t i o n with
Worthington Equipment

IV/jOST G r e e n k e e p e r s k e e p t h e i r c o u r s e s a d e l i g h t to s e e a n d a j o y t o p l a y . W o r t h i n g t o n
equipment makes that j o b much easier a n d
saves m o n e y w h i l e doing a better job.
It r e d u c e s u p k e e p c o s t s , s t a n d s u p u n d e r l o n g
w e a r and tear, and cuts a greater area i n less
time with fewer men.
Not o n l y is t h e 7 g a n g a labor saver but it is
easily convertible into a 5 g a n g o r 3 g a n g , a s
you desire.
Our h a n d s o m e l y illustrated catalogue will
show you in detail h o w you can m a k e your
course more beautiful—and save m o n e y doing
it.
T h e O v e r g r e e n is another W o r t h i n g t o n product that p a y s for itself w i t h the money-it saves.

UfortfiingtoJi
Lower
\6mpanif,

.

'It Pays for Itself in Labor

Savings."

The Overgreen, a most u s e f u l piece of equipment, can be used f o r Compost
d i s t r i b u t i n g — g r e e n m o w i n g — r o l l i n g — r a k i n g — a n d spiked discing.

^ ^ o r t h i n g t o M

Overgreen --

a time and labor saver which
is

used for many purposes

Q i N E M A N with a n Overgreen does the work
of f o u r h a n d m o w e r s . T h u s t h r e e m e n a r e
released for other work. This saving in w a g e s ,
m a d e possible b y t h e Overgreen, more than
p a y s for this useful equipment.
The Overgreen, with different attachments,
is q u i c k l y a d a p t a b l e t o r o l l i n g , c u t t i n g , d i s c i n g
a n d composting.
M o r e time a n d labor savings — The average
g r e e n contains about 6000 square feet. O n e
man with a Worthington Overgreen can cut
the entire 6000 feet in6 minutes—1000 square
feet p e r minute. That kind of performance
gives real satisfaction t o the g r e e n k e e p e r — h i s
m e n — a n d the club members.

11 f

'

J_

HI ortninqton
/
Lower
Xpmpany,

Worthington

Distributor

—

Boston

Territory

1 State Street, Boston, Massachusetts
Tel. L a f a y e t t e 2 — 4 4 4 4 , 4 4 4 5

This

T r a c t o r with Sickle B a ra t t a c h m e n t i s u s e f u l f o r a l l purposes. A slight
pull o n the lever a n d t h esickle b a r is raised, r e a d y i n g t h e t r a c t o r
for pulling gang mowers o r other jobs.

Wovthin^ton Sickle Bar Tractor
Does away with the need of having
separate mowing equipment for
your long grass, hay and weeds
r

T",HE S A M E t r a c t o r t h a t d r a w s y o u r g a n g m o w e r s c a n n o w d o t h e
other long cutting. Just think w h a t that means in time and equipment savings. It releases a m a n for other work and cuts down cutting costs.
W o r t h i n g t o n e q u i p m e n t is i n u s e i n m o s t o f t h e b i g g e s t c l u b s
a n d golf courses in t h ec o u n t r y . O f t h e last 4 2 courses o n which
the British and American championships have been played, 3 3 a r e
Worthington users.
You easily keep y o u r course i n Championship Condition with
Worthington equipment — Send today f o r handsomely
illustrated
l i t e r a t u r e which shows you how t o c u tc u t t i n g costs, b e a u t i f y y o u r
course, and pay for your equipment in time and labor savings.

WORTHINGTON

UfortKington
mower
\6mhami
M a i n Office:
Sales Agencies:

Stroudsburg, P a .
A i l Principal Cities

MOWER

Stroudsburg,

COMPANY

Pennsylvania

DEPT. N.
Please send, without obligation, complete
information concerning Worthington Equipment.
Name ..
Address
City
L_ .

State.

This N E W S L E T T E R
is published
m o n t h l y by t h e G r e e n k e e p e r s Club of
N e w E n g l a n d , a n d s e n t f r e e to its m e m b e r s a n d t h e i r G r e e n ' s C h a i r m e n . Subscription price t e n cents a copy, or a
dollar a y e a r .
GUY C. W E S T

Editor

312 Mt. P l e a s a n t St., F a l l River, M a s s .

J A M E S M c C O R M A C K . . Business Mgr.
450 W i l l i a m St., S t o n e h a m ,

March, 1937

Mass.

Vol. 9, No. 3

We herewith present for your
approval our Spring Planning and Buying
G u i d e . D u e t o t h e c o o p e r a t i o n of o u r
advertisers we a r e able to give you the
largest N E W S L E T T E R to date.
You
a r e e a r n e s t l y r e q u e s t e d to r e a d caref u l l y a l l t h e a d v e r t i s i n g a s w e l l a s you
read the news matter. Our advertisers
are reliable and deserve your patronage;
r e m e m b e r this w h e n b u y i n g golf c o u r s e
equipment and supplies.

MARCH

A t t h e business m e e t i n g , J o s e p h Din a r d i of t h e Bellevue Golf Club, Melrose, Mass. w a s elected to Associate
membership.

MEETING

Golf course s u p p l y a n d e q u i p m e n t
d e a l e r s of Boston a n d vicinity w e r e
g u e s t s a t t h e M a r c h m e e t i n g held on t h e
1st a t t h e H o t e l S t a t l e r , Boston. (X O.
Clapper as C h a i r m a n of t h e m e e t i n g ,
i n t r o d u c e d Mr. R. W. Speiser, Vice
P r e s . of t h e W o r c e s t e r L a w n Mower Co.
as t h e s p e a k e r . Mr. Speiser spoke on
" E t h i c s in Business", and said in p a r t :
" E t h i c s is a science dealing with
human

morality

and

duty;

" s h o p p i n g " f o r price r a t h e r t h a n q u a l i t y
of m e r c h a n d i s e .
This s h o p p i n g developed into a habit, even a m o n g people
who d i d n ' t need it.
A m a n u f a c t u r i n g c o n c e r n to succeed
m u s t have a profit to c o n t i n u e business
and to keep a staff of e x p e r t s to i m p r o v e
its articles of m a n u f a c t u r e . To h a v e
f u n d s f o r this, p r o d u c t m u s t be sold a t
a d e c e n t profit, a n d firm m u s t g e t paid
f o r its p r o d u c t .
Violation of ethics or " c h i s e l i n g " has
been stressed by t h e P r e s i d e n t .
The
N R A w i t h its codes w a s supposed to
r e g u l a t e f a i r t r a d e practices.
Very
m a n y details come up in this connection
and it is o f t e n difficult to prove violations of code laws. T h e code b r o u g h t
m o r e violations of ethics t h a n b e f o r e
or since. T h e r e seems to be a sentim e n t in Congress to i n a c t laws to r e g u late
business.
Honesty
cannot
be
legislated into people. Chiseling is n o t
much d i f f e r e n t t h a n violation of t h e
Golden Rule. Violation of ethics in
business d o e s n ' t pay in long r u n . "

human

m o r a l i t y is h o n e s t y ; d u t y is sound busin e s s policy.
Business is a series of
t r a n s a c t i o n s ; t r a n s a c t i o n is a sale with
p u r c h a s e or c o m m i t m e n t s .
E v e r y o n e has s o m e t h i n g to sell; in
selling services, one sells s e l f — p e r s o n ality. T h u s we a r e all in business, a n d
i n t e r e s t e d to some e x t e n t in ethics of
business.
E t h i c s in business is n o t only p r a c t i cal, b u t essential; to succeed in business we m u s t h a v e an o r d e r l y business,
based on a sound policy; this is impossible w i t h o u t honesty. H o n e s t y or
ethics is v a l u a b l e in t r a n s a c t i o n s bet w e e n b u y e r a n d seller.
T h e Depression with its limited incomes developed a g r e a t period of

President
Mitchell a n n o u n c e d
following Committees:
Welfare:
son.

the

F a r r a n t , Counsell, S t e p h e n -

Employment:
Bride.

West,

Greene,

Mc-

Inter-relation:

Mass. s e c t i o n : P a r k e r , Latvis,
Rommell.
R. I. s e c t i o n : C h a p m a n , L a w s o n ,
Peckham.
S a m u e l Mitchell w a s a p p o i n t e d Chairm a n of t h e E n t e r t a i n m e n t C o m m i t t e e
f o r t h e coming y e a r .

T h e April m e e t i n g will be held a t
t h e W a l t h a m Field S t a t i o n on A p r i l
5th.
P e r c i v a l S. B r o w n , well-known salesm a n of t h e Boston District, is b a c k
again w i t h H o v e y & Company, Inc., acc o r d i n g to a r e c e n t l e t t e r f r o m Dave
Reid of t h a t c o m p a n y .

OUTDOOR

RECREATION

CONFERENCE

T h e a n n u a l o u t d o o r r e c r e a t i o n conf e r e n c e w a s held a t t h e Mass. S t a t e
College on M a r c h 11-14.
Programs
w e r e held in v a r i o u s sections, with t h e
golf section p r o b a b l y t h e l a r g e s t . Due
to lack of space and u n f o r e s e e n events,
w e a r e u n a b l e to r e p o r t sections of t h e
c o n f e r e n c e in detail, b u t will give a
r e s u m e of t h e p r o g r a m with some addresses p r i n t e d in this a n d l a t e r issues.
In t h e Golf section, t h e p r o g r a m
s t a r t e d F r i d a y m o r n i n g with t h e g r a d u a tion exercises of t h e 1937 W i n t e r
School f o r G r e e n k e e p e r s . T h e p r o g r a m
consisted o f :
" W h a t This School H a s Done f o r M e "
— A r t h u r A n d e r s o n , '27.
" W h y I a m T a k i n g the A d v a n c e d
C o u r s e " — R o b e r t Williams, '36.
Two short p a p e r s by E d w a r d J.
Casey and JefFry Cornish, m e m b e r s of
t h e class of 1937.
C h a r g e to G r a d u a t e s by R o b e r t A.
Mitchell, p r e s i d e n t G r e e n k e e p e r s Club
of N e w E n g l a n d .
A d d r e s s a n d P r e s e n t a t i o n of Certificates by Roland H. V e r b e c k , D i r e c t o r of
S h o r t Courses, M.S.C.
The afternoon program was:
" A Discussion of t h e
Hawthorne
Valley system of f a i r w a y w a t e r i n g " ' —
L. S. Dickinson, M.S.C.
" T h e Behavior of F e r t i l i z e r s in Soils"
— G e o r g e B. McClure, Soil Technologist,
Ohio S t a t e Univ.
T h e p r o g r a m F r i d a y e v e n i n g was v e r y
i n t e r e s t i n g a n d p r e s e n t e d a v a r i e t y of
subjects.
" W a t e r a n d t h e Physical Condition
of t h e S o i l " — J . N. E v e r s o n , M.S.C.
" T h e A c t i o n of L e a d a n d M e r c u r y in
S o i l s " — D r . W. S. E i s e n m e n g e r , M.S.C.
"Archery Golf"—Mr. Baker, Auburndale, Mass.
" P r a c t i c a l E x p e r i e n c e with Rhizoct o n i a S o l a n i " — C . K. B r a d l e y , P a t e r s o n ,
N. J.
" M o r e A b o u t F e r t i l i z e r s in Soils"'—
G. B. McClure, Columbus, Ohio.
" T h e Golf Course A r c h i t e c t and t h e
G r e e n k e e p e r " — R . T. J o n e s , N e w York.
S a t u r d a y m o r n i n g ' s p r o g r a m w a s two
fine a d d r e s s e s as f o l l o w s :
" T h e Mechanics of W a t e r Distribution on Golfing A r e a s " — J a m e s B. Gill,
Elizabeth, N. J.
"Golf Course Design and C o n s t r u c t i o n " — I l l u s t r a t e d — R o b e r t Trent Jones,
Golf A r c h i t e c t , N e w York.

T h e S a t u r d a y a f t e r n o o n p r o g r a m was
a r r a n g e d and sponsored by t h e Greenk e e p e r s Club of N e w E n g l a n d with t h e
G r e e n k e e p e r s Associations of
Rhode
Island and N o r t h e a s t e r n N e w York cooperating.
Vice P r e s i d e n t Speiser of
t h e W o r c e s t e r L a w n Mower Co. spoke
on t h e " G r e e n k e e p e r ' s Code of E t h i c s . "
He said in p a r t :
" T h e g r e e n k e e p e r is a p r o f e s s i o n a l
m a n , in t h a t he is r e q u i r e d to have a
l a r g e a m o u n t of t e c h n i c a l knowledge
of his job, he is r e q u i r e d to have t a c t
and diplomacy.
E t h i c s is t h e principle of h u m a n
duty, h o n e s t y .
Code of ethics is v e r y m u c h a p e r sonal t h i n g .
I t is impossible t o
legislate h o n e s t y into people.
T h e r e is value in h a v i n g a code of
ethics to g u i d e one's r e l a t i o n s with
his fellows. Code of f a i r dealing
with people p a y s dividends.
Greenkeepers'
Ethics might
be
divided i n t o ethics w i t h
dealers,
(courtesy, consideration, a n d honesty) ; ethics with employers, a n d
ethics on t h e golf course.
T h e b u y e r who is c o u r t e o u s and
c o n s i d e r a t e will g e t m o r e f o r his
money.
Commissions a r e n o t ethical to employers.
I t is good to p r a c t i c e , sincerity.
A n y code of ethics is an individually
personal thing."
Dr. J o e l D e F r a n c e of t h e R. I. E x p e r i m e n t S t a t i o n told of t h e experiments now under way at Kingston. A
b r e e d i n g of s t r a i n s e x p e r i m e n t has been
s t a r t e d w i t h 800 plats, 400 each of
Colonial and velvet bents. E a c h p l a t
r e p r e s e n t s a s t r a i n f r o m a single seed.
Disease o b s e r v a t i o n s will be m a d e with
no t r e a t m e n t s given. T h e p l a t s f o r this
e x p e r i m e n t a r e 2 x 5 ' and a r e c u t f r o m
Chewings f e s c u e sod.
Mr. L. E. E r w i n of t h e R. I. E x p e r i m e n t S t a t i o n told of his work identif y i n g and e x p e r i m e n t i n g with t h e socalled " P i n k P a t c h "
Mr. J o h n A. Gormley of Cohoes, N. Y.
r e a d a v e r y fine p a p e r on " G r e e n k e e p er R e c o g n i t i o n " .
The second a n n u a l Golf Section dinn e r w a s held at t h e L o r d J e f f , S a t u r d a y
evening, followed by a special movie
p r o g r a m a t t h e local t h e a t r e .
T h e p r o g r a m as scheduled f o r Sunday m o r n i n g w a s :
A n n u a l M e e t i n g of t h e M.S.C.G.A.—
T h e a l u m n i of t h e W i n t e r School f o r
Greenkeepers.

A Revival of t h e " Q u e s t i o n B o x " and
i n f o r m a l discussion.
T h e exhibition in t h e cage was a b o u t
t h e same as it has been f o r t h e last f e w
years, with p e r h a p s m o r e exhibits in
lines outside golf.

WHAT

THE

GREENKEEPERS

SCHOOL HAS DONE FOR
by

Arthur

ME

Anderson

B r a e B u r n C. C.

(Recreation Conference Paper)
Now t h a t you have
finished
your
course in t h e g r e e n s k e e p e r s school, p e r h a p s some of you have a l r e a d y asked
t h e question of yourselves, as I did t e n
y e a r s ago, " W h a t have I r e a l l y g o t out
of this course and how p r a c t i c a l will it
prove to b e ? " As I w a s a m e m b e r of
t h e first class of t h e g r e e n s k e e p e r s
school t e n y e a r s ago, p e r h a p s I can give
you m y own e x p e r i e n c e since leaving
t h e school, in t h e hope t h a t it will in
some w a y a t t e m p t to a n s w e r this question.
W h y did I come to this school in t h e
first place? I really have to give m u c h
credit t o m y g r e e n s c h a i r m a n who w a s
v e r y e n t h u s i a s t i c a b o u t m y enrolling.
H e too had h e a r d a b o u t t h e school being s t a r t e d , and, b e i n g a f o r w a r d looking t y p e of m a n , could r e a d i l y see t h e
a d v a n t a g e s of such a course.
A l t h o u g h I had been a g r e e n s k e e p e r
f o r six y e a r s a n d had a g e n e r a l idea of
t h e g r e e n s k e e p e r s job, t h e r e w e r e m a n y
t h i n g s on which I could improve. F o r
instance, I k n e w t h a t to g e t sufficient
w a t e r f o r s p r i n k l i n g t e e s a n d greens, it
was n e c e s s a r y to have a c e r t a i n size
pipe, b u t how t o a r r i v e a t t h e p r o p e r
size I. did n o t know. I had no idea how
to a r r i v e a t t h e losses f r o m f r i c t i o n ,
elevation, etc.
I k n e w w h a t a d r a i n a g e system was,
b u t if I had been told to use a level
a n d lay o u t a s y s t e m in a n extensive
way, I would have been s t u m p e d .
T h e n t h e r e w a s r e c o r d keeping. My
idea of k e e p i n g r e c o r d s consisted of
j o t t i n g down a f e w w o r d s a n d
figures
now a n d t h e n which, several weeks or
m o n t h s later, d i d n ' t m e a n m u c h .
As I look b a c k on it now, this school
was r e a l l y a place w h e r e I developed
n e w t h i n k i n g on old ideas. P e r h a p s you
could liken m y mind a t t h a t time to a
newly seeded plot of grass. I was will-

ing and anxious e n o u g h to learn, b u t I
lacked t h e p r o p e r m e n t a l n o u r i s h m e n t .
To me, t h e course w a s a m e a n s whereby a g r e e n k e e p e r developed and imp r o v e d on t h e k n o w l e d g e he a l r e a d y
had, r a t h e r t h a n a school to t e a c h him
s o m e t h i n g e n t i r e l y new.
To give you m o r e c o n c r e t e e x a m p l e s
of w h a t I m e a n , I m i g h t cite t h e change
which took place in m y r e c o r d k e e p i n g
a f t e r leaving this school in g r e e n k e e p ing. B e f o r e I took t h e course, t h e r e
w a s really no p o i n t to w h a t I p u t down
on p a p e r . Since completing t h e course,
I find t h a t each y e a r m y records, as I
n o w keep t h e m , a r e m o r e valuable. I
have l e a r n e d to m a k e k e e n e r observations a n d to t r y to pick out t h e vital
p o i n t s to be r e m e m b e r e d . P r o p e r h a n d ling of w i n t e r s p o r t s has b e e n m a d e
easier and simpler in this connection.
We maintain at Brae Burn for Winter
Sports, a s k a t i n g pond with two hockey
rinks, lighted f o r n i t e skating, a tob o g g a n slide, ski j u m p , and p r a c t i c e ski
slopes.
A n o t h e r t h i n g which this course accomplished f o r m e — a l t h o u g h I d i d n ' t
realize it a t t h e t i m e I finished, or even
u n t i l some t i m e a f t e r — w a s t h e g e n e r a l
e d u c a t i o n I received f r o m it. F o r example, I w a s e n c o u r a g e d to do m o r e
s t u d y i n g , to r e a d u p m o r e on details,
and to i n v e s t i g a t e m a t t e r s f o r m y s e l f .
This n e w a t t i t u d e and increased s t u d y
enabled me to g r a s p ideas m o r e quickly.
I f o u n d t h a t I w a s in a m u c h b e t t e r
position to observe and analyze situat i o n s as a r e s u l t of h a v i n g a t t e n d e d t h e
school.
Now, t h e r e is a n o t h e r a d v a n t a g e in a
course of this kind. One n e v e r k n o w s
w h e n a chance will come f o r increased
responsibility, a p r o m o t i o n , or a b e t t e r
position. Some two y e a r s a f t e r comp l e t i n g m y course, I had an o p p o r t u n i t y
f o r a b e t t e r position as an a s s i s t a n t
u n d e r an old t i m e r a t t h e course w h e r e
I am now located. I t w a s a chance f o r
me n o t only to obtain fine experience
u n d e r t h e e x p e r t g u i d a n c e of one of t h e
l e a d i n g g r e e n s k e e p e r s of the c o u n t r y —
t h e late J o h n S h a n a h a n , whom I recall
with g r e a t r e s p e c t and a d m i r a t i o n — b u t
it h a d possibilities of leading to a responsible position with one of t h e l a r g e r
and b e t t e r clubs a r o u n d Boston.
My schooling indeed helped m e to
solve m a n y p r o b l e m s and f a c e m a n y
difficulties a t this n e w position. I have
m a n y t i m e s t h a n k e d t h a t g r e e n s chairm a n who t e n y e a r s ago sponsored m y
a t t e n d a n c e a t t h e first school.

SUPER

BULL DOG
for

country

clubs

W A T E R
H O S E
T H A T
L A S T S !
S u p e r Bull D o g W a t e r H o s e g i v e s l o n g e r s e r v i c e
b e c a u s e it s t a y s a l i v e — r e s i s t s b r o i l i n g s u n a n d
e v e n f r e e z i n g t e m p e r a t u r e s . Its e x t r a t o u g h n e s s m e a n s l o n g l i f e , a n d l o n g l i f e m e a n s SERV I C E ! S t a n d a r d e q u i p m e n t o n m a n y of t h e
c o u n t r y ' s finest c o u r s e s . M a d e in
and 1"
sizes, coupled with special extra h e a v y coupl i n g s . C h o o s e S u p e r Bull D o g f o r d e l u x e app e a r a n c e a n d f o r e c o n o m i c a l o p e r a t i n g costs.

BOSTON WOVEN HOSE AND RUBBER COMPANY
CAMBRIDGE,

MASS.

T h a t is t h e t h e m e of m y brief t a l k
today.
N o n e of you k n o w w h e n y o u r
o p p o r t u n i t y m a y come, b u t w h e n i t
does, you will be well p r e p a r e d f o r it,
provided you h a v e been diligent and
a m b i t i o u s to g e t t h e m o s t o u t of t h e
course. E v e n as t h e course I took t e n
y e a r s ago showed m e how to be a b e t t e r
g r e e n s k e e p e r , I f e e l s u r e t h a t t h e course
you have j u s t completed will prove beneficial to you also.

A r e c e n t l e t t e r f r o m F r a n k Robinson,
who f o r t h e p a s t y e a r h a s b e e n in
c h a r g e of F e n w a y P a r k , . t h e home of
t h e Boston Red Sox, c o n t a i n s some i t e m s
of i n t e r e s t .
" I d o n ' t have a n y w o r r y h e r e a b o u t
W i n t e r kill as m y g r a s s is of a d i f f e r e n t
t y p e and some would be b e t t e r off if it
did die. T h e outfield is t h e m o s t w e e d y
of a n y spot I ever saw r e g a r d l e s s of
place or c o u n t r y . W e s u r e l y had a t o u g h
W i n t e r f o r y o u n g grass, w h e r e v e r it
was, b u t I h a v e no w o r r y a b o u t t h a t .
My t r o u b l e is f o o t b a l l ; t h a t surely t a k e s
out t u r f like a b u n c h of cows. Cows
could be killed, b u t f o o t b a l l p l a y e r s a r e
h a r d boys to tackle.
But they make
w o r k f o r m y c r e w who s u r e l y need it.
T h e No. 14276, a small piece I p l a n t e d ,
c a m e in good in f r o n t of t h e p i t c h e r ' s
b o x w h e r e p l e n t y of traffic exists. I
a m looking f o r a f a r m of two a c r e s or
so to p u t in a n u r s e r y of t h e velvet,
so as to have a r e a l p a t c h to sod f r o m
to keep t h e whole d i a m o n d alike. P r o g r e s s has been slow in finding a suitable
piece of land within t h e m o n e y a n d
distance. I have h a d f u n in t a k i n g out
some w e e d s this W i n t e r a t times.
F r e e z i n g a n d t h a w i n g has p u m p e d k n o t
and p l a n t a i n w e e d s u p so m u c h on t h e
a r e a w h e r e g a m e s w e r e played with t h e
f o o t b a l l , t h a t I t o o k a d v a n t a g e of it
w h e n it dried e n o u g h w h e n f r o s t was
out, a n d r a k e d o u t t h e w e e d s w i t h a
dandelion r a k e , a n d we g o t a b o u t t h i r t y
bushels.
I h a d some f u n also a f t e r t h e seed I
p u t in last F a l l w a s h a r r o w e d in lightly,
and t h e n t h e f o o t b a l l t e a m helped dig it
in too. A b u n c h of Redskin f o o t b a l l
p l a y e r s doing f a r m w o r k f o r me a n d
t h e y d i d n ' t k n o w i t ! I suppose oxen
h a r r o w i n g in seed w o u l d n ' t k n o w w h a t
t h e y w e r e doing either.
This y e a r is t h e first t h a t t h e diamond
did n o t n e e d r e s o d d i n g . I did a lot of
t o p d r e s s i n g with s a n d y loam and used
a lot of r y e g r a s s seed to keep d r y a n d
h a v e a cushion to p r o t e c t it. . . . I have

b o u g h t six t h o u s a n d f e e t of Mitchell's
sod in N e w H a m p s h i r e t h a t he t o o k f r o m
his g r e e n s , to resod some of our skinned
area, to m a k e it smaller w h e r e it was
t r i m m e d , a n d also to m a k e our h o m e
p l a t e a r e a smaller
"

TO

ALL GOLFERS AND THEIR
CLUB OFFICIALS

T h e Golf Course
Superintendents'
Association of N e w J e r s e y h a s abolished
t h e n a m e " g r e e n k e e p e r " . This is inadeq u a t e in defining t h e t y p e of service
r e n d e r e d in d i r e c t i n g m a i n t e n a n c e a n d
other w o r k b y a p p r o v e d p r a c t i c e on
Modern

Golf

Courses.

"V

Therefore:
The

Golf

Course

Superintendent,

is

t h e one who plans and directs all w o r k
in c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h golf course m a i n t e n a n c e , a l t e r a t i o n and
construction.
H e is qualified to select, b u d g e t a p p r o priations, a n d n e e d s of m a t e r i a l s a n d
e q u i p m e n t f o r course work. His presence is n e c e s s a r y a t all meetings, t o
serve as t e c h n i c a l advisor c o n c e r n i n g
t h e course. H e has a f r e e and u n d i v i d e d
responsibility of his a s s i g n m e n t s on
labor m a n a g e m e n t and all o t h e r p h a s e s
of his P r o f e s s i o n a l Vocation.
I t is u r g e n t l y s u g g e s t e d t h a t you appoint as S u p e r i n t e n d e n t , t h e m a n in
direct c h a r g e of y o u r golf course. You
can r e a d i l y p e r c e i v e t h e a d v a n t a g e s of
this move. I t also p r o t e c t s y o u r course
a g a i n s t costly c h a n g e s of " i t i n e r a t e and
illiterate g r e e n k e e p e r s " , who do n o t
q u a l i f y a c c o r d i n g to our P r o f e s s i o n a l
Standards.
O u r N a t i o n a l a n d Local Associations
a r e c o o p e r a t i n g w i t h Golf Associations,
State, Federal and Commercial Research
D e p a r t m e n t s in extensive e d u c a t i o n a l
p r o g r a m s . The r e s u l t is b e t t e r p l a y i n g
conditions a t less cost, in t h e p a s t
decade. Y O U a n d Y O U R C L U B will
m a k e a good p a y i n g i n v e s t m e n t b y assisting'

financially,

your

Golf

Course

S u p e r i n t e n d e n t , so t h a t H E can a t t e n d
monthly meetings, annual conferences,
a n d also t h e college short-courses held
in w i n t e r m o n t h s .
This item!, is now s t a n d a r d in m a n y
b u d g e t s . A m i n i m u m a l l o t m e n t is sugg e s t e d as $25.00 a y e a r p e r n i n e holes.
May we have y o u r s u p p o r t f o r g r e a t e r
greens and more glorious

golf?

—Clinton Kent Bradley, Chairman,
A d v a n c e m e n t a n d Public R e l a t i o n s
C o m m i t t e e , Golf Course S u p e r i n t e n d e n t s ' Association of N. J .

'

VELVET BENT GRASS
THE

FINEST

FOR

OF

GOLF

ALL T U R F

GREENS

&

GRASSES
LAWNS

1936 CROP OF SEED NOW AVAILABLE
Purity 89.5%, Inert Matter 9.4%
Other Grasses 0.9%, Germination 88.0%

—Inquire

of Y o u r

Seed Dealer,

or W r i t e

Us

Directly—

EMERALD FARM
NEWTON

-

(Growers

CONTROL

OF
ON

CHINCH

of V e l v e t

BUGS

LAWNS

(Release f r o m B a r t l e t t T r e e

Expert

Company Laboratory)
A l m o s t e v e r y s u m m e r t h e r e is d a m a g e
to lawns f r o m chinch b u g s a n d we a r e
f r e q u e n t l y asked e i t h e r to control t h e m
or r e c o m m e n d m e t h o d s of control. App l y i n g tobacco dust with t h e p r o p e r
n i c o t i n e c o n t e n t a b o u t once a m o n t h
t h r o u g h o u t t h e s u m m e r b e g i n n i n g in
early J u n e , m a y give control, b u t tobacco dust will n o t control a bad inf e s t a t i o n . W a y n e Ratcliff has w r i t t e n
us in r e g a r d to a m e t h o d of control
which he h a s f o u n d s u c c e s s f u l and I
am p a s s i n g it on to those of you who
m a y be i n t e r e s t e d :
" I n r e p l y to y o u r l e t t e r of Decemb e r 30th, r e g a r d i n g Chinch
Bug
f o r m u l a , wish to advise t h a t in light
i n f e s t a t i o n s we h a v e used 1 p i n t
nicotine, 20 lbs. lime to t h e 100 gallons; in h e a v y i n f e s t a t i o n s we use
2 p i n t s nicotine, 20 lbs. lime to t h e
100 gallons.
" W e h a v e used this solution at t h e

Bent

NEW
Grass

JERSEY

Seed)

r a t e of a p p r o x i m a t e l y 100 gallons to
1,000 s q u a r e f e e t of t u r f . It should
n e v e r be applied u n d e r high p r e s s u r e
— w e f o u n d 150 lbs. gives t h e b e s t
results.
" T h e application should be m a d e
on a clear, h o t day a n d p r e f e r a b l y
d u r i n g m i d - d a y w h e n t h e insects a r e
m o s t active. If t h e r e is a n y clover
in t h e lawn t h e r e is quite s u r e to
be some b u r n i n g b u t it will n o t be
serious. On B e n t g r a s s t h e r e would
be quite a bit of b u r n i n g b u t it will,
of course, d i s a p p e a r a f t e r t h e first
cutting.
" T o secure b e s t r e s u l t s this application should be applied as soon as
you begin to see i n j u r y to t h e
grass."

J i m M c C o r m a c k l e f t on t h e 3rd f o r
a t e n day visit t o P i n e h u r s t with several
of his m e m b e r s f r o m U n i c o r n .

Dues are payable January
y o u r club by p a y i n g
the
F r a n k H. Wilson, at once.

1st.
Help
Treasurer,

GREENKEEPER
by Jack

RECOGNITION
Gormley

Recreation Conference Paper)
An e x p e r t is one who m a k e s t h i n g s
-: easy because he has p e r f e c t e d a
; .it. by which he can accomplish m u c h
-_:_t m i n i m u m effort. H e uses his g r a y
t
tc save himself physical exertion.
He i : e s n o t r e a c h this s t a g e w i t h o u t
t h i n k i n g a n d p l a n n i n g a n d p l e n t y of
b i r d -rrork. H e finds out t h a t t h e r i g h t
—ay is t h e easiest way, and because it
is 5: easy, v e r y f e w find it. T h e e x p e r t
i t r e his h a r d e s t work w h e n he has
i t h e easiest w a y .
f:
A m a n who is a recognized a u t h o r i t y
n any one s u b j e c t or in a n y specific
. :s t h e m a n whose ideas a r e in popt i t : d e m a n d by those who a r e in need
: f his services or b y those associated
-»ith him in t h e same line of e n d e a v o r .
He holds a position of p r e s t i g e , of r e spect a n d influence, t h a t is n o t accorded
• - - of us who have n o t r e a c h e d t h e
point w h e r e " R e c o g n i t i o n " f o r our e f f o r t s should be our r e w a r d . A recog• _t
a u t h o r i t y is n o t only respected,
due to t h e f a c t t h a t he h a s " r i s e n
t r : m the r a n k s " , he has gained a f a i r
• of financial success. This is w h a t
i l l s t e e n k e e p e r s h a v e been striving f o r ,
He: rgxition."
R e c o g n i t i o n of t h e i r
: b : s e n vocation as a p r o f e s s i o n , and adc-oua:
t e m u n e r a t i o n f o r t h e t y p e of
service t h e y r e n d e r .
We ask ourselves t h e question, " h o w
t i t h a v e g r e e n k e e p e r s p r o g r e s s e d in a t t a i n i n g this a i m ? " a n d we a n s w e r , " n o t
e r y i t : . " We ask ourselves the r e a s o n
—'-7. a n d we find it n o t too easy to ani have a f r i e n d to whom I was speaking- several w e e k s ago, who told m e a
st : v t h a t i l l u s t r a t e s the p r o f e s s i o n a l
stattis of a g r e e n k e e p e r as c o m p a r e d
—:th other professions. His n a m e is Bob
greenkeeper at the Baltimore
I n n t r y Club. Bob has a son who is
; tst over fifteen y e a r s of age, and who
: : • a d v a n c e d in his schooling to t h e
t : int w h e r e serious consideration of his
v : cation should be d e t e r m i n e d . H e pon" r: e i t h e f u t u r e a n d w h a t it held f o r
A t t h e suggestion of his m o t h e r ,
: : Trhom he t u r n e d f o r advice as to w h a t
- - might m a k e his l i f e ' s work, he w e n t
the g o v e r n m e n t l i b r a r y in W a s h i n g t : n . s n i b o r r o w e d a book which listed
4-5.000 jobs in t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s of
A n ; r : - a . H e b r o u g h t t h e book home
and studied it i n d u s t r i o u s l y , and as

f u t u r e events proved, he derived f r o m it
a w e a l t h of i n f o r m a t i o n .
T h a t evening, w h e n Bob came home
f r o m work, t h e boy i m m e d i a t e l y s t a r t e d
p o p p i n g questions at him. " W h a t is a
greenkeeper,
Daddy?"
"How
much
s a l a r y does a g r e e n k e e p e r g e t ? " " W h a t
does a g r e e n k e e p e r d o ? " " I s g r e e n k e e p i n g a j o b ? " The boy w a s c o n f u s e d
and he evidently w a n t e d an a n s w e r .
Bob w a s s u r p r i s e d and asked him his
r e a s o n f o r t h e s u d d e n t h i r s t f o r knowledge r e g a r d i n g
greenkeeping.
The
y o u n g s t e r proceeded to explain t h a t in
t h e book listing so m a n y t h o u s a n d s of
j o b s of all descriptions, t h a t u n d e r t h e
h e a d i n g of "Golf Course P o s i t i o n s " he
f o u n d t h a t a golf course a r c h i t e c t received f r o m $500.00 to $5,000.00 f o r
l a y i n g out a golf course. C a d d i e m a s t e r s
w e r e listed as receiving $25.00 to $40.00
p e r week. L a b o r e r s a t 40 to 60 c e n t s p e r
h o u r . Caddies w e r e paid 75 cents to a
dollar p e r r o u n d a n d p r o f e s s i o n a l s received as high as $5,000.00 p e r season.
Greenkeepers???—Well,
there
wasn't
a n y listing of t h a t job a t all. " Y o u r
j o b c a n ' t a m o u n t to m u c h , D a d d y , " he
said.
W h e n Bob looked a t t h e book and
f o u n d o u t how t r u e w e r e t h e w o r d s of
his son, he realized as we all do, how
little t h e g r e e n k e e p e r is m e n t i o n e d when
credit is b e i n g passed out. V e r y little
t h o u g h t has been given to how m u c h
d e p e n d s 011 this f o r g o t t e n m a n of golf,
w h e n you find t h a t in a book listing over
45,000 j o b s t h a t " g r e e n k e e p e r " is n o t
even listed. I t is f u r t h e r deplorable to
n o t e t h a t t h e word " g r e e n k e e p e r " has
also b e e n omitted f r o m t h e dictionary.
W e have o f t e n w o n d e r e d w h y t h e
g r e e n k e e p e r has n o t been considered a
leader—an authority—an expert.
We
have o f t e n w o n d e r e d if g o l f e r s stop a n d
realize, as t h e y play over the course,
t h a t t h e m a n responsible f o r their golfing p l a y g r o u n d is given less t h o u g h t ,
and g r e a t e r c o n d e m n a t i o n t h a n a g r a d e
C caddie. Of course t h e y don't. If t h e y
did, t h e y would know t h a t t h e y a r e n o t
qualified to be a j u d g e of golf course
m a i n t e n a n c e . W e have w o n d e r e d w h a t
we could do to c h a n g e t h e g e n e r a l impression t h a t t h e g r e e n k e e p e r w a s j u s t
a n o t h e r l a b o r e r on t h e course. Up to
t h e p r e s e n t time, we have done v e r y
little a b o u t it, e x c e p t " W I S H " .
We
seem to have r e s i g n e d ourselves to app a r e n t f a c t s , and consoled ourselves
with t h e t h o u g h t t h a t , p e r h a p s , some
day our " W I S H E S " m a y come t r u e , a n d

NELSON
SPRINKLING EQUIPMENT
Portable Sprinklers on Roller Base
Far Throwing Sprinkler Heads
Quickiing Coupling Valves
Pop - Up Heads
Swivel Ells

"Old Faithful" Sprinkler

t
For Parks, Golf Clubs and Large Estates
Sprinkles Evenly Up to 125 Feet

Represented

by

IDEAL MOWER SALES & SERVICE
111 Cypress St,—Brookline, Mass.
Phone Beacon 2898 - 2899

You can depend upon our

advertisers,,

T h e N e w Junior

BUEL

PERFORATOR

A N e w L o w - C o s t U n i t For M a k i n g B e t t e r G r e e n s

The new JUNIOR

BUEL

PERFORATOR

is a w o r t h y

companion

to

t h e f a m o u s Senior B u e l P e r f o r a t o r . Smaller in s i z e — y e t no less effective
in its o p e r a t i o n — t h i s n e w u n i t n o w provides, a t a lower cost, t h e p e r f e c t
p e r f o r a t i o n t h a t only t h e B u e l P e r f o r a t o r can give.
I n c o r p o r a t i n g all t h e p r o v e n f e a t u r e s of t h e Senior Buel P e r f o r a t o r ,
the n e w J u n i o r u n i t places well within t h e r e a c h of even t h e smallest club
the m e a n s of well-seeded, completely f e r t i l i z e d , a n d a d e q u a t e l y w a t e r e d
gltrciiD.
O n l y B u e l P e r f o r a t o r s h a v e all these f e a t u r e s :

,
Free Turning,

Hinged

Spikes, E a s y L i f t , P o w e r or H a n d O p e r a t i o n , R u b b e r Tires.
o t h e r Buel P r o d u c t s :
Buel Senior P e r f o r a t o r s , B u e l K u l t i v a t o r s ,
Tee M a r k e r s , F a i r w a y M a r k e r s , P o w e r L o a m Screen, Tools f o r m a i n t e n a n c e
of golf course e q u i p m e n t .

T H E

B U E L

P E R F O R A T O R

Aerates—Cultivates
J. F. Buel

Woburn,
Associate

IDEAL

Perforates

MOWER

Massachusetts

Distributor

SALES

BROGKLINE,

AND
MASS.

SERVICE

-

v ' ^ ^J

-USJB THE NEW IDEAL BULLDOG
G r e e n k e e p e r s , c h a r g e d w i t h t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of k e e p i n g c o u r s e s in t h e
best possible condition, have for years standardized on IDEAL equipment. Designed for durability and economical operation Bulldog gang
mowers produce results that win the acclaim of the Greens Committee.
T h e y cut large areas faster and w i t h f e w e r men.
A v a i l a b l e in 3, 5 , 7 a n d 9 g a n g s , i n t e r c h a n g e
able.
S e v e n o r five-blade u n i t s o p t i o n a l .
"Bulldog" units have drop-forged ring gears,
c u t s t e e l p i n i o n g e a r s , o n e - p i e c e s t e e l roller,
chrome-nickel
steel double-edged
bottom
knife, and h e a v y chrome-nickel steel reels.
U n i t s m a y b e l i f t e d off t h e g r o u n d f o r s p e e d y
transportation over the roughest areas.
A copy of the n e w 1937 catalog of mowing
e q u i p m e n t f o r g o l f c o u r s e s s h o u l d b e in y o u r
files f o r r e a d y r e f e r e n c e . W r i t e f o r y o u r c o p y
.
today.

*

i

•POWER

GREENSMOWER

Duplicates

skillful

hand-

work, reduces costs and proWrite
duces
hfine
ner
f o ra free

greens

demonstration

IDEAL MOWER SALES AND SERVICE
111 CYPRESS STREET—BROOKLINE,
Phone Beacon 2898 - 2899

MASS.

Do a better job of Topdressing!

Use Root Equipment
W i d t h of
Spread
4 Feet

Graduated
Feed
Scale

W i d t h of
Wheels
4 in.

Hopper
Capacity
3 cu. ft.

Direct
Gear Drive

The R o o t A L L P U R P O S E

Spreader

for Fertilizing, Top-dressing a n d Seeding.
Built for heavy duty. Will spread materials accurately, evenly,
no clogging, nor over-dose burns.
P R I C E f.o.b. Cleveland
$59.50

/ #\

m

T h e ease w i t h w h i c h o n e J
man can handle and the easy
f
portability
of t h e screener
adds greatly to its value.

The N e w Root Roller

\
\

Screen

M i x e s , S c r e e n s , A e r a t e s a n d F l u f f s soil f o r t o p d r e s s i n g . W i l l
p u l v e r i z e a n d s c r e e n soil a s f a s t a s t w o m e n c a n s h o v e l .
P R I C E f.o.b. Cleveland (with gas m o t o r ) .
$84.50

IDEAL MOWER SALES and SERVICE
BROOKLINE, M A S S .
Read

t h eads

a s well a t t h e news.

THE WICHITA
Grinds - Shreds - Mixes

PERFECT

COMPOST

^~^RIND,
post,

Shred,
no

Pulverize

matter

the 'WICHITA'.
your

Every

entire satisfaction.

as

fine

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bridging—the

just

how

or Mix a n y

tough

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fast

Make your

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as

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it

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with

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or c o a r s e as you desire.

as

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wet

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"take

it"

into

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poured

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better

J F y o u a r e i n t e r e s t e d in c o m p o s t y o u will w a n t this n e w c a t a l o g .

It will

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Model

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some

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on

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information
the

compost

FOR
CATALOG

and

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ideas

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on

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Equipment".
catalog.

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as well

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the

will

give

r e s u m e of t h e s u b j e c t a n d f o r m a s p l e n d i d b a s i s if y o u

to go f u r t h e r i n t o this f a s c i n a t i n g s t u d y .
fully selected;
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W - W GRINDER CORP.
WICHITA,

KANSAS

Manufacturers

IDEAL MOWER SALES & SERVICE
111

CYPRESS

STREET—BROOKLINE,
Beacon

When

MASS.

2898 - 2899

writing, mention

NEWSLETTER.

t h a t " R e c o g n i t i o n " w o u l d e v e n t u a l l y be
ours.
T h e r e ' s a w h o l e l o t in w i s h i n g ; p r o v i d i n g w e w o r k as h a r d as w e wish. One
of t h e b e s t s t o r i e s I h a v e e v e r r e a d w a s
about " W I S H I N G . " Everybody has had
a n a r d e n t desire a t s o m e t i m e or o t h e r
— a f e e l i n g f o r s o m e t h i n g t h a t has
s e e m e d a l w a y s b e y o n d r e a c h . M a n y of
us have had our W I S H E S gratified and
m a n y of u s h a v e n o t . T h e r e is an old
saying, "If wishes were horses, beggars
w o u l d r i d e ; " a n d t h e r e is n o q u e s t i o n
regarding the truth that these words
imply. B u t — i f y o u stop to c o n s i d e r it,
"Wishes" are "horses", and "beggars"
c a n r i d e . By " b e g g a r s " is m e a n t t h o s e
of u s w h o h a v e s t a r t e d l i f e w i t h little
or n o t h i n g . W e c a n r i d e , if we W I S H
h a r d e n o u g h . W i s h i n g h a s b e e n called
o n e of t h e m o s t u n p r o d u c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s . W i s h f u l t h i n k i n g has b e e n called
t h e l o w e s t a c t i v i t y of the m i n d . B u t it
all d e p e n d s .
G e o r g e W a s h i n g t o n d r e a m e d of a
l i b e r a t e d n a t i o n , a n d L i n c o l n of a u n i t e d
n a t i o n . T h e s e w e r e t h e a m b i t i o n s of
A m e r i c a ' s saviors. Y e t t h e a m b i t i o n s
b e g a n a s a W I S H , — a m e n t a l p i c t u r e of
w h a t m i g h t be.
When a person wishes f o r something
useless, or a b s o l u t e l y impossible, t h e
p r o c e s s d e g e n e r a t e s into a r e v e r i e , a
daydream.
Daydreaming never feeds
a m b i t i o n , b u t s a p s f r o m it t h e good t h a t
is n e c e s s a r y t o m a k e W I S H E S m a t e r i a l ize. B u t t h o s e w h o wish h a r d e n o u g h ,
and work persistently for the right thing
in t h e r i g h t w a y , g e n e r a l l y g e t w h a t
they want.
I r v i n g B a c h e l l o r , t h e a u t h o r , once
w r o t e a b o u t " H a p p i n e s s . " H e w a s seeki n g t h e s e c r e t of h a p p i n e s s a n d so he
s t u d i e d first of all, t h e l i f e of a g r e a t
h u m o r i s t — a p r o m i n e n t figure of t h e d a y
a n d a g e . B u t he d i s c o v e r e d t h i s m a n to
be a v e r y u n h a p p y one. T h e r e a s o n f o r
his u n h a p p i n e s s w a s t h a t he w a s too
self c e n t e r e d . H e t h o u g h t too m u c h of
himself a n d h a d n o w o r d of c h e e r , no
t h o u g h t of h e l p f o r a n y o n e else.
Then Bachellor searched into the life
of a w e a l t h y m a n — w h o h a d a n overa b u n d a n c e of t h e w o r l d ' s goods. H e too,
w a s t h e p i c t u r e of a b j e c t m i s e r y , bec a u s e h e w o r r i e d of w h a t w o u l d b e c o m e
of his r i c h e s a f t e r he p a s s e d on.
S e a r c h i n g f u r t h e r in t h e s e c r e t of
happiness, the author came upon a poor
w o m a n w h o h a d , b y t h e s w e a t of h e r
b r o w — r a i s e d t e n c h i l d r e n . S t r a n g e as
i t m a y s e e m , Mr. B a c h e l l o r f o u n d in t h i s
w o m a n , t h e h a p p i e s t w o m a n he h a d ever

m e t ; he f o u n d out the reason for her
g r e a t f e e l i n g of c o n t e n t m e n t — o f satisfaction f o r what the world had bestowed
u p o n h e r . H e f o u n d t h a t she w a s h a p p y
b e c a u s e h e r w h o l e life w a s a r o u t i n e
devotion to others beside herself. He
l e a r n e d t h a t it w a s h e r u t m o s t W I S H t o
live t h a t w a y , a n d t h a t W I S H , b e i n g
daily g r a t i f i e d , b r o u g h t h e r a b s o l u t e
happiness.
W i s h i n g — p e r h a p s is a k i n to f a i t h .
W i s h i n g , or f a i t h is a b s o l u t e l y in v a i n ,
u n l e s s w e w o r k like t h e devil. T h a t exp l a i n s w h y a lot of u s " b e g g a r s " a r e
still on t h e g r o u n d . W i s h e s a r e " h o r s e s "
— s t e r l i n g s t e e d s to t h o s e of us g r e e n k e e p e r s , who h a v e t h e a m b i t i o n , t h e
c o u r a g e of o u r c o n v i c t i o n s a n d t h e m o r a l .
strength to hop aboard and ride them to '
success.
A s I p r e v i o u s l y m e n t i o n e d , we g r e e n k e e p e r s h a v e w o n d e r e d w h y we h a v e
not received a suitable recognition f o r
t h e p a r t w e h a v e p l a y e d in t h e a d v a n c e m e n t of t h e g a m e of g o l f . W e h a v e all
wondered why the greenkeeper has been
l e f t in t h e c o l d — w h y he h a s b e e n a f o r g o t t e n m a n . Of all t h e p e o p l e w h o h a v e
c o n t r i b u t e d t o t h e w e l l - b e i n g of t h e old
Scottish game, the last to receive a word
of p r a i s e o r a w o r d of c o m m e n d a t i o n f o r
w o r k well clone, is t h e g r e e n k e e p e r . T h e
p r o f e s s i o n a l r e c e i v e s a c c l a i m b e c a u s e he
p l a y s t h e m o s t difficult c o u r s e s u n d e r
p a r . H e is r e c o g n i z e d f o r his p e r f o r m a n c e s a n d m a d e i n t o a demi-god. H e is
f e t e d a n d his p r a i s e s a r e s u n g . But-—it
n e v e r o c c u r s t o a n y o n e t h a t one of t h e
m o s t logical r e a s o n s f o r h i s p a r s h a t t e r i n g success, is a d i r e c t r e s u l t of t h e
greenkeeper's unending search for ways
and m e a n s to make the fairways and
g r e e n s s m o o t h e r , t r u e r , a n d easier t o
play. T h e r e is n o c o m p a r i s o n b e t w e e n
the" c o n d i t i o n of golf c o u r s e s t o d a y a n d
t h o s e of fifteen or t w e n t y y e a r s ago.
N o r is t h e r e a n y c o m p a r i s o n b e t w e e n
t h e s c o r e s of y e s t e r d a y w i t h t h e s c o r e s
of t o d a y . T h e "suggestions of g r e e n k e e p ers are responsible f o r the improvement
of golf c o u r s e m a c h i n e r y . T h e s u g g e s t i o n s of g r e e n k e e p e r s a r e r e s p o n s i b l e
f o r t u r f r e s e a r c h w o r k . I t is t h e exp e r i e n c e of g r e e n k e e p e r s in c o n j u n c t i o n
with turf research organizations that
have made it 'possible f o r the playing
p r o f e s s i o n a l to p l a y s u b - p a r g o l f . B u t
t h i s is n o t g e n e r a l l y k n o w n , b e c a u s e t h e
greenkeeper's accomplishments have not
b e e n e x p l o i t e d . T h e good h e h a s d o n e
lies b u r i e d b e n e a t h t h e c o m p o s t pile.
A n d w h y ? Is t h e r e a n y r e a l r e a s o n w h y
he should n o t r e a p t h e b e n e f i t s of t h e

NEW ENGLAND GOLF CLUBS
each

year

are

using

more

V. c.
FAIRWAY
The tobacco stem fertilizer impregnated with 6-6-4 formula.
All soluble plant foods. Investigate its economy
and

TESTED SEEDS
8 5 S t a t e Street, B o s t o n , M a s s a c h u s e t t s
—THE

LARGEST

SEED

HOUSE

f a c t t h a t he h a s b e e n an A n u m b e r 1
c o n t r i b u t i n g f a c t o r to t h e long strides
t h e g a m e of golf has t a k e n in t h e last
decade or t w o ? O u r a n s w e r is " N o . "
E m p h a t i c a l l y " n o . " T h e r e is no r e a s o n
why t h e g r e e n k e e p e r should n o t receive
universal r e c o g n i t i o n . T h e r e is no r e a s o n
w h y he should n o t t a k e his place in line
with t h e lawyer, doctor, a g r o n o m i s t ,
chemist, or w h a t have you. His is j u s t
as i m p o r t a n t a job. A n d how a r e we
going to receive this r e c o g n i t i o n ? The
f o l l o w i n g a n s w e r to this question is my
own opinion, and is p e r h a p s d e b a t a b l e .
T h e a p p r o a c h to t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s of
a n y j o b in t h e g r e e n k e e p i n g p r o f e s s i o n
m u s t be analysis. In t h a t analysis, t h e
v e r y first t h i n g we should k n o w is o u r s e l v e s — o u r l i m i t a t i o n s — o u r capacities
— o u r s t r e n g t h or w e a k n e s s — o u r knowledge of our ability t o do our jobs well.
W e m u s t add to our m o r a l s t r e n g t h a n d
eliminate w e a k n e s s b y i n v i t i n g w i t h app r e c i a t i v e w e l c o m e — c o n s t r u c t i v e criticism f r o m our associates or those qualified to m a k e such criticism. The colleges h a v e s h o r t courses in g r e e n k e e p ing, t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l s t a t i o n s
financed
b y f e d e r a l and s t a t e f u n d s a n d m e n like
P r o f e s s o r Dickinson, 0 . J . Noer, Dr.
M'onteith, a n d m a n y o t h e r s who h a v e

IN

NEW

ENGLAND-

s p e n t most of t h e i r lives in t u r f w o r k
a r e c e r t a i n l y d e s e r v i n g of b e i n g m e n t i o n e d as those qualified. We m u s t k n o w
o u r objective a n d our plans f o r realizing t h e f o n d hopes of e v e r y g r e e n k e e p er's ambition, which is success in our
chosen field of e n d e a v o r . In this connection, we m u s t realize t h a t we a r e
s e e k i n g p e r m a n e n t success.
The f o o l
can accomplish e n o u g h to g a i n a flash of
m o m e n t a r y glory, b u t w h e n t h e t r u t h is
f o u n d out, as it almost inevitably is, it's
t h e f o o l who s u f f e r s t h e p e n a l t y .
In o r d e r to be successful, we m u s t be
leaders, and we m u s t k n o w t h a t a l e a d e r
is one who really leads, r a t h e r t h a n one
who drives. W e m u s t k n o w t h a t in o r d e r
to be a leader, we m u s t always keep
a h e a d of t h e procession. T h a t we m u s t
s t u d y in o r d e r to grow. I t is wise to
r e m e m b e r t h e saying, "if I rest, I r u s t . "
W e m u s t k n o w t h e n e e d s of t h e m e m b e r s of our club, and t r y to please t h e m .
We m u s t l e a r n how to g e t cooperation
f r o m them, f r o m the greens committee,
a n d f r o m t h e m e n we employ on t h e
course. W e m u s t k n o w how to organize,
how to choose assistants, a n d how a n d
w h e n to place responsibility. W e m u s t
u n d e r s t a n d our m e n , t h e i r ambitions,
t h e i r objectives, t h e i r f a u l t s and virtues,

t h e i r families, a n d t h e thing's t h a t will
inspire t h e m to do their best f o r o u r
i n t e r e s t s , as well as t h e i r own. We m u s t
develop t h e m with a c a p a c i t y f o r initiative, self-reliance and self-direction so
t h a t t h e y will work with the least cost
of supervision. W e should develop t h e m
to t h e point w h e r e t h e y will be capable
of a n s w e r i n g t h e knock of o p p o r t u n i t y
w h e n it p r e s e n t s itself. We m u s t realize
t h a t a good g r e e n k e e p e r c a n n o t succeed
e x c e p t as his m e n succeed. T h e m a j o r i t y
of m e n a r e satisfied to follow, r a t h e r
t h a n to lead, and I firmly believe t h a t
m o r e is to be g a i n e d f o r t h e cause of
individual r e c o g n i t i o n of t h e g r e e n k e e p er if we handle m e n as h u m a n beings,
r a t h e r t h a n as a m a s s machine.
We
m u s t know how to have a s y m p a t h e t i c
u n d e r s t a n d i n g of all their p r o b l e m s and
how to r e w a r d a n d c o m p e n s a t e t h e m f o r
w o r k well done. A t t h e same time, it
is wise to know, t h a t f o r o u r club's sake
as well as our own, t h a t it is only kindn e s s to g e t t h e m to seek o t h e r work, if
by t h e i r a c t i o n s t h e y have d e m o n s t r a t e d
t h a t t h e y a r e n o t fitted to p e r f o r m t h e i r
duties s a t i s f a c t o r i l y . We all m a k e mist a k e s in j u d g m e n t , and t h e only p r o p e r
t h i n g to do f o r all concerned, is to corr e c t t h e m as soon as possible.
Necessity once f o r c e d a g r e e n k e e p e r
who w a s doing some c o n s t r u c t i o n work,
t o r e s o r t to t h e old f a s h i o n e d m e t h o d of
u s i n g w h e e l b a r r o w s , to h a u l soil f r o m
one side of a g r e e n to t h e o t h e r . He had
six m e n working. H e noticed t h a t one
of t h e m e n a l w a y s pulled his wheelb a r r o w behind him, while t h e o t h e r five
men p u s h e d t h e i r s f o r w a r d a n d seemed
to accomplish a good deal m o r e t h a n
t h i s p a r t i c u l a r individual. So he asked
him why he did n o t push like t h e others.
T h e f e l l o w looked u p surlily and said,
" I ' m d a m n e d sick with t h e sight of i t . "
T h a t is an example of a m i s t a k e to be
c o r r e c t e d . A m a n who is n o t satisfied
with his work is a d e t r i m e n t to its progress. As our m e n succeed, so will we.
A n o t h e r point we should consider,
and one of t h e most i m p o r t a n t is: w h e n
it is b e t t e r f o r us to say " N o " , r a t h e r
t h a n " Y e s " , to suggestions t h a t become
an a b s o l u t e obsession to the c h a i r m a n
of t h e g r e e n ' s c o m m i t t e e . If these suggestions a r e c o n t r a r y t o t h e best i n t e r ests of t h e club, and its m e m b e r s , and
we a r e absolutely s u r e t h a t we a r e r i g h t ,
our a n s w e r should be " N o . " If a boss
will n o t listen to an intelligent " N o " ,
based on k n o w l e d g e and c a r e f u l t h o u g h t ,
such a boss is n o t w o r t h w o r k i n g f o r ,
and t h e j o b t h a t we have, c a n n o t hold

much f u t u r e f o r us. If saying " N o "
g e t ' s us fired, we a r e b e t t e r off o u t of
the job.
K n o w l e d g e is t h e most c o m p o n e n t p a r t
of success, b u t it is n o t e n o u g h m e r e l y
t o have knowledge.
E v e n if we a r e
capable of t h e B E S T c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d
m a i n t e n a n c e of golf c o u r s e s — t h e W o r l d
is n o t going to b e a t a p a t h to our door
to e n g a g e OUR services. W e ' v e g o t to
T E L L t h e world t h a t our w o r k is t h e
best. If we have t h e a b i l i t y — w e c a n ' t
w a i t f o r t h e people to discover i t — w e
m u s t let t h e m K N O W t h a t we a r e
c a p a b l e — a n d we m u s t p r o v e it. B e i n g
a " y e s - m a n " will n e v e r call a t t e n t i o n to
our abilities; b u t b e i n g a " N o - m a n " will
do t h e trick. Saying " N o " to t h e chairm a n of t h e g r e e n ' s c o m m i t t e e t a k e s r e a l
courage, b u t it is o f t e n w o r t h t h e risk
and it is a r e a l f o r e r u n n e r to being
recognized as an e x p e r t , a n d w h e n we
have been so recognized, t h e n can we
say t h a t " W I S H E S " t h a t a r e horses will
h a v e been r i d d e n to t h e individual success.
B u t individual success is n o t e n o u g h .
B e c a u s e one individual is recognized as
an e x p e r t does n o t m e a n t h a t 6,000
other
g r e e n k e e p e r s h a v e b e e n so
h o n o r e d . W e m u s t go f u r t h e r . W e m u s t
e n d e a v o r to p e r p e t u a t e g r e e n k e e p i n g as
a p r o f e s s i o n by t a k i n g a d v a n t a g e of all
o p p o r t u n i t i e s a n d by realizing t h a t Opp o r t u n i t y does n o t knock only once, b u t
m a n y times, c o n t r a r y to t h e old a d a g e .
I t would be a s o r r y t h i n g indeed if only
once in a m a n ' s life t h e chance came
to become i m p o r t a n t , to do s o m e t h i n g
worthwhile, and to rise above t h e crowd.
If this w e r e so, it would seem t h a t only
those of us who a r e i n t e l l i g e n t e n o u g h
to avail ourselves of t h a t " o n e " opport u n i t y would go to t h e top of t h e heap,
a n d those who let the chance slip t h r u
t h e i r fingers and would live t h e r e m a i n d e r of t h e i r lives in oblivion.
It is a f o r t u n a t e t h i n g f o r t h e world
t h a t this is n o t t r u e .
T h e successive
s t e p s in t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of c u l t u r e and
r e f i n e m e n t have n o t been accomplished
b y people who have h a d only a flashing
vision of " O p p o r t u n i t y " , and w e r e quick
e n o u g h to g r a s p t h e chance t h a t m i g h t
n o t come again.
Our v e r y m o d e r n
w o n d e r s of t h e w o r l d — o u r g r e a t men—•
t h e t h i n g s t h e y h a v e done show t h a t
such t h o u g h t is e r r o n e o u s .
T h e g r e a t k n o w l e d g e t h a t has been
g a i n e d in t h e s t u d y of g r a s s and t u r f ,
in t h e s t u d y of soils a n d soil organisms,
has always b e e n done b y m e n who have
fumbled and failed, and fumbled and

For B e t t e r G r e e n s
and F a i r w a y s
at lower cost.
Plant Woodco
g r a s s seed.

. . .

the individually

tested

SPECIAL
—
We have available a limited
a m o u n t of " P i p e r V e l v e t B e n t " ( f o r m e r l y
k n o w n as B. P. I. 1 4 2 7 6 ) w h i c h t h e N e w
Y o r k S t a t e a n a l y s i s t f o u n d to be 9 2 . 9 6 %
p u r e , w i t h a g e r m i n a t i n g p o w e r of 9 0 . 5 % .
T h e w e e d c o n t e n t is less t h a n 0 . 3 % .
W e also h a v e a f e w s q u a r e f e e t of s t o l o n s of
this variety. W r i t e f o r prices today.
Y o u r l a t e s t c o p y of " T u r f T o p i c s " will b e
waiting you a t the Recreational C o n f e r ence.
G r a s s S e e d Division

F.

H.

WOODRUFF

B e l l e Rose, L. I.

&

Milford, Conn.

SONS
T o l e d o , O.

WOODCO
BRAND

NEW ENGLAND GROWN
Winter-hardy,

BENT

Acclimated

SEED

GRASS

SEED

The Perfect Combination
Victory
Putting

Green

Fertilizer

I t s g r e a t e s t t e s t i m o n i a l h a s b e e n its
continued use f o r years by New

for

England

greenkeepers.
and

N e w England Golf Courses
Direct f r o m the farms of

Hovey's Grass Seed
in M i x t u r e s

and

Reliable

Separate

Varieties

Productive

A. N. PECKHAM

Hovey & Company

K I N G S T O N , R, I.

130 B r o a d St. Boston, Mass.
Han. 1454 - 1455

Only reliable dealers advertise in the N E W S L E T T E R .

f a i l e d again, b u t who have had t h e
: : tirage to keep on t r y i n g a t every opp o r r u n i t y until t h e y pulled a g l e a m i n g
out of t h e d a r k n e s s . T h e opport u n i t i e s t h a t these m e n have lost pave
The r o a d to t h e a t t a i n m e n t of every good
t h i n g t h e i r s e a r c h i n g m i n d s have given
t : t h e g r e e n k e e p i n g world.
Chief a m o n g t h e o p p o r t u n i t i e s offered
a g r e e n k e e p e r is the o p p o r t u n i t y f o r
r e c o g n i t i o n t h r u o r g a n i z e d cooperation.
Those of us who belong to g r e e n k e e p e r
: r g a n i z a t i o n s know how m u c h good we
have derived f r o m o u r periodical m e e t ings. W e know t h a t collaboration has
helped us b e c o m e an a s s e t in t h e operation of golf clubs. W e also know t h a t
b e f o r e we had this m e t h o d of d i s t r i b u t ing m a i n t e n a n c e knowledge, t h a t t h e
g r e e n k e e p e r w a s considered a m u c h inf e r i o r figure t h a n he is t o d a y , in t h e
eyes of n e a r l y all who w e r e c o n n e c t e d
with t h e g a m e of golf. This opinion is
g r a d u a l l y c h a n g i n g and is directly due
to o r g a n i z a t i o n . Proof of this is seen
in t h e i n t e r e s t g r e e n c h a i r m a n and o t h e r
club executives a r e s h o w i n g in t h e prog r a m s b e i n g sponsored by our g r e e n k e e p e r groups.
In t h e N o v e m b e r 1930 issue of Golfdom, an i t e m a p p e a r e d t h a t is a little
a m u s i n g to one who r e a d s it t o d a y . It
w a s titled " I n Golf Club Circles", and
r e a d s as f o l l o w s :
"A m a n who can supervise t h e
r o u t i n e w o r k of a golf course is r a t e d
as a F O R E M A N by those in a u t h o r i ty.
A f o r e m a n who k n o w s t h e t h e o r y
and p r a c t i c e of fine t u r f m a n a g e m e n t ,
is a G R E E N K E E P E R .
A g r e e n k e e p e r w h o can decisively
d e m o n s t r a t e on p a p e r , w h a t it will
cost to m a i n t a i n t h e course f o r t h e
coming y e a r , is a G O L F C O U R S E
SUPERINTENDENT.
A t p r e s e n t t h e r e is a s u r p l u s of
f o r e m e n , an a d e q u a t e supply of
g r e e n k e e p e r s , and a decided s h o r t a g e
of s u p e r i n t e n d e n t s . "
It would seem t h a t in 1930, G o l f d o m
did n o t t h i n k highly of a g r e e n k e e p e r ' s
ability. T h e i t e m c o n t i n u e s :
' ' F o r e m e n a r e j u s t f o u r and one
half inches a h e a d of t h e sheriff;
G R E E N K E E P E R S have t u r k e y f o r
T h a n k s g i v i n g , while S u p e r i n t e n d e n t s
a r e w o r r y i n g a b o u t t h e i r investments."
This i t e m w a s all boxed off like a
q u a r t e r p a g e add, to lend emphasis to
t h e considered f a c t t h a t t h e F O R E MAN, t h e G r e e n k e e p e r , and t h e G O L F

COURSE
SUPERINTENDENT
were
t h r e e s e p a r a t e and distinct individuals.
I d o n ' t suppose H e r b Graffis ever exp e c t e d a n y o n e to pop out a n d dig u p
t h e past, b u t t h e r e it is.
N O W , I a m of t h e firm opinion t h a t
all of this m i g h t have b e e n t r u e in 1930,
b u t t h a t was over six y e a r s ago. Today,
t h r u t h e e f f o r t s of g r e e n k e e p e r o r g a n i zations and t h e holding of m o n t h l y
m e e t i n g s , t h e f o r e m a n has d r o p p e d o u t
of t h e p i c t u r e .
H e h a s e i t h e r been
educated
into a good
greenkeeper
or
a
Golf
Course
Superintendent
through
this
organized
cooperation,
or else t h e sheriff h a s c a u g h t up with
him. H e is e i t h e r able to have t u r k e y
f o r T h a n k s g i v i n g , or only w h a t t h e
sparse dole of t h e W. P. A. w o r k e r will
allow. H e is either w o r r y i n g a b o u t his
i n v e s t m e n t s or w o r r y i n g w i t h o u t inv e s t m e n t s . If he is S T I L L a m e m b e r
of a g r e e n k e e p e r o r g a n i z a t i o n in good
s t a n d i n g , he does n o t have to w o r r y a t
all. If he is still a m e m b e r he is an
o u t s t a n d i n g e x a m p l e of w h a t organized
cooperation has done and can do.
B u t it is deplorable t o n o t e t h a t only
a small p o r t i o n of g r e e n k e e p e r s belong
to our o r g a n i z a t i o n . Only 20 % of t h e
g r e e n k e e p e r s of this c o u n t r y a r e actively
e n g a g e d in s e e k i n g a position of promin e n c e f o r t h e p r o f e s s i o n of g r e e n k e e p ing. T h e r e a r e over 6,000 g r e e n k e e p e r s
in A m e r i c a , who can p u t t h e i r shoulder
t o t h e wheel a n d help b a t t e r down all
obstacles in t h e p a t h w a y to t h e successf u l f u l f i l l m e n t of our ambitions, a n d
those who have o r g a n i z e d f o r t h a t p u r pose a r e in t h e m i n o r i t y . O u r g r e a t
need is to increase t h e n u m b e r of m e m b e r s in all of our organizations. W e
m u s t go a f t e r t h e fellows who have been
s t a n d i n g aloof. W e m u s t ask t h e m why
t h e y a r e n o t a m o n g us, a n d t h e i r r e a sons f o r holding back. W e m u s t tell
t h e m w h a t we a r e striving for—-what
o u r aims a n d o b j e c t s are.
We must
show t h e m t h a t o u r o r g a n i z a t i o n s a r e
r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e c r e a m of t h e g r e e n k e e p e r crop a n d m a k e t h e m f e e l t h a t
t h e y a r e t h e losers if t h e y c a n n o t see
fit to be a m o n g us. W e m u s t explain_ to
t h e m t h a t o r g a n i z a t i o n s of this kind
m u s t c a r r y on to r i g h t t h e w r o n g s t h a t
exist in our p r o f e s s i o n a t t h e p r e s e n t
time, t h a t we n e e d t h e w h o l e h e a r t e d
collaboration of every g r e e n k e e p e r in
t h e c o u n t r y in o r d e r to i n s u r e our f u t u r e
in t u r f c u l t u r e and golf course maint e n a n c e , and also t o i n s u r e c o m m o n
sense, individual
financial
productiveness. W e m u s t insist t h a t t h e y join o u r

N

O M A T T E R w h e t h e r it's inches or dollars;
h o u r s or h o r s e p o w e r — 3 6 is to 30 as 120 is
to 100. In other words t h e r e is a difference of
20%.

T h a t — i s the bonus offered by the Giant 36inch Pennysylvania DeLuxe F a i r w a y Mower,
compared with the conventional 30-inch unit.

PENNA. JR.
(Ball Bearing)
Five h e a v y c r u c i b l e
steel blades, actually
s e l f - s h a r p e n i n g . Selfaligning ballbearings.
3 cut gears o n both
sides give an even pull.
15-, 17-, 19- & 2 1-inch
sizes. Staytite Handle.

A n o t h e r big saving is b r o u g h t a b o u t by the
f a c t t h a t F I V E Giant F a i r w a y s will cut a
swath of a p p r o x i m a t e l y the same width as
S E V E N ordinary mowers. This m e a n s a saving in the original e q u i p m e n t investment and
the m a i n t e n a n c e of five instead of seven
machines. Ease of handling and other adv a n t a g e s too n u m e r o u s to mention here a r e
included in our l i t e r a t u r e . B e t t e r w r i t e f o r it
today.

LAWN MOWER WORKS

PRIMOS

PENNA.

o r g a n i z a t i o n s and b e c o m e a p a r t of t h e
s t r u g g l e b e i n g w a g e d f o r b e t t e r recogn i t i o n of our p r o f e s s i o n .
We must
a r g u e t h e m into a d d i n g t h e i r weight
to t h e g r o w i n g m o m e n t u m which is
steadily c a r r y i n g o u r aims a n d o b j e c t s
o n w a r d . W e m u s t tell t h e m t h a t t h e y
should f e e l t h a t i t is N O T n e c e s s a r y
f o r t h e m to become m e m b e r s . W e can
use our c o u n t r y , t h e g r e a t U n i t e d S t a t e s
of A m e r i c a as a n e x a m p l e of w h a t u n i t y
m e a n s . W e m u s t convince t h e m t h a t
no m a n goes f o r w a r d whose eyes a r e
closed or whose e a r s will not h e a r . W e
m u s t g e t t h e m to join w i t h t h e i r b r o t h e r s
of t h e g r e e n k e e p i n g p r o f e s s i o n , f o r its
elevation, f o r f r a t e r n a l i s m , f o r education, f o r success. W e m u s t i m p r e s s u p o n
t h e m t h a t 6,000 voices will be h e a r d
m o r e easily t h a n one. If we can accomplish this, we can s a f e l y say t h a t
R E C O G N I T I O N will be ours.

W i t h excess w a t e r i n g t h e r e is such an
excess of w a t e r t h a t air is excluded f r o m
t h e soil. T h e a m o u n t of w a t e r should be
such t h a t a mellow, g r a n u l a r , open condition is a t t a i n e d in t h e soil. Such a
condition is usually m a i n t a i n e d w h e n t h e
a m o u n t of w a t e r in t h e soil is one-half
of t h e m a x i m u m a m o u n t which t h e soil
is capable of holding. This leaves room
f o r air. W a t e r and a i r a r e b o t h essential in t h e soil f o r t h e p r o d u c t i o n of
ideal g r o w i n g conditions.
How

Soils Differ

Soils differ in t h e i r physical, chemical
a n d biological aspects. E a c h soil is a
p r o b l e m in itself a n d so each soil m u s t
be t r e a t e d as a special p r o b l e m . Only
very general statements are made here
as to t h e m a n n e r in which excessive
w a t e r i n g c h a n g e s physical a n d biological
activities in t h e soil.
Organic

EFFECTS OF EXCESS

WATERING

by
J o h n N. E v e r s o n
(Recreation Conference Paper)
In the u s u a l discussion of t h e effects
of excess w a t e r on soils, it seems to be
t h e c u s t o m to place g r e a t significance
on t h e r e m o v a l of n u t r i e n t elements,
particularly nitrogen, f r o m the surface
soil. I t is n o t t h e p u r p o s e of this brief
p a p e r to minimize such losses, b u t to
place emphasis u p o n some f a c t o r s o t h e r
t h a n n u t r i e n t losses, which r e s u l t f r o m
excessive w a t e r i n g . In order to u n d e r s t a n d some of these effects it is nece s s a r y to recall t h e f a c t t h a t soil is n o t
an i n e r t , dead mass, b u t is a highly reactive living body. N o t b e i n g static b u t
active, t h e soil is ever c h a n g i n g a n d one
of t h e g r e a t e s t causative f o r c e s affecting soil c h a n g e is w a t e r .
Ideal W a t e r

Relations

Ideally, w a t e r should be p r e s e n t in
t h e soil to such an e x t e n t t h a t : t h e r e will
be sufficient w a t e r to dissolve and t r a n s p o r t n u t r i e n t s to t h e p l a n t ; e n o u g h to
t r a n s l o c a t e , or move, n u t r i e n t s within
t h e p l a n t ; a n d e n o u g h f o r a m p l e evapo r a t i o n f r o m t h e p l a n t . T h e r e should
n o t be so little w a t e r as to cause excessive c o n c e n t r a t i o n of salts in t h e soil
w a t e r . Such an excessive a c c u m u l a t i o n
of salts within t h e soil will cause withd r a w a l of w a t e r f r o m t h e p l a n t tissue.

Matter

Many lawn specialists r e c o m m e n d t h e
use of l a r g e a m o u n t s of p e a t in l a w n s
because t h i s m a t e r i a l r e t a i n s
large
a m o u n t s of w a t e r . G r e e n s k e e p e r s use
v e r y l a r g e a m o u n t s of p e a t on g r e e n s
because a w e t p e a t acts as a shock absorber, t a k i n g u p t h e f o r c e of i m p a c t
of a ball, a n d slowing t h e ball.
One p o u n d of s a t u r a t e d p e a t will ret a i n f r o m two to twelve t i m e s its own
weight of w a t e r . I n a b s o r b i n g this w a t e r
t h e p e a t swells. A h e a v y t o p application
of p e a t in a f u l l y s a t u r a t e d condition
m a y swell to such an e x t e n t t h a t air will
be excluded f r o m t h e soil. B e c a u s e of
t h e slowing effect of w e t p e a t a n d because of t h e f a c t t h a t d r y p e a t is v e r y
springy, c a u s i n g a ball to bounce, t h e r e
is a t e n d e n c y to o v e r w a t e r a soil which
has a p e a t top dressing. This m a y a c t u ally cause a lack of air in t h e soil, with
serious effects which will be shown l a t e r .
Peat

j f k

Composting

In a p p l y i n g p e a t as a t o p dressing, t h e
p e a t is s o m e t i m e s mixed with sand. P e a t
is v e r y light in volume w e i g h t while sand
is h e a v y p e r u n i t volume. W i t h excessive w a t e r i n g , t h e first e f f e c t is t h e
swelling of t h e p e a t and t h e second a
t e n d e n c y f o r t h e p e a t to f l o a t , while t h e
sand sinks. This causes a s e p a r a t i o n of
t h e p e a t a n d sand into layers. W i t h
s u b s e q u e n t additions of p e a t t o p dressing, this l a y e r i n g effect is c o n t i n u e d ,
giving a l t e r n a t e l a y e r s of p e a t and sand.
T h e a l t e r n a t i o n of o v e r w a t e r i n g , causing swelling of t h e p e a t , and too little

df**-

LEWIS TEE EQUIPMENT
The Lewis Ball Washer, around
which this equipment is built, is
indispensable on the modern golf
course. So many players have enjoyed the convenience of this dependable device t h a t they look
for it wherever they play. They
expect to find it at every tee and
are

disappointed

when

they

don't. This may mean the transferring

of

their

patronage

or

support to another course more
modernly equipped. Can you afford to take this chance when
the cost is so moderate?
At

slightly

Lewis

Tee

additional

Equipment

cost

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one of
Tee

Ensemble

B.

at-

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Made

G.

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by

LEWIS

Watertown,

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COMPANY

j p |§i§

Wisconsin

Bag Rack
Distributed by

NEW ENGLAND TORO COMPANY
WEST

NEWTON,

MASSACHUSETTS

Also by other reliable dealers
Tell

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saw

it

in t h e

NEWSLETTER.

watering, causing contraction of the
peat, m a y cause strains upon, or the act u a l b r e a k i n g of, grass roots.
Physical

Effects upon

Mineral

Soils

The first effect of overwatering any
soil, and p a r t i c u l a r l y a clay soil, is the
swelling of the clay particles.
With
continued excessive watering, the soil
particles t e n d to settle. In heavy soils
the clay particles compact between the
coarser p a r t s of the soil causing a
puddled condition. Upon drying out,
clay contracts. With the drying out of a
puddled soil, the soil will crack vertically. Excessive watering, particularly
in an acid clay soil, tends to change the
s t r u c t u r e f r o m a g r a n u l a r condition,
f a v o r a b l e to p l a n t growth, to a puddled
u n f a v o r a b l e condition. Organic m a t t e r ,
which has decayed, in the soil, and addition of lime tend to r e t a i n the g r a n u l a r
condition.
Living

COMPLEXES

T h e r e are an infinite n u m b e r of inferiority, and p e r h a p s an equal n u m b e r
of superiority, complexes of which we
recognize a large proportion as belonging to our f r i e n d s . We cannot recognize
our own so readily, and mill t h r o u g h
life with insolence or timidity according
to which complex is p r e d o m i n a t i n g at
the time. Long periods of isolation might
develop and expand these complexes beyond the limits of sanity. I t is our cont a c t s with our fellows t h a t offer us salvation, prick the bubble of our self- conceit and fix us at our proper level.
Somewhere between w h a t we believe
ourselves, and what others believe us,
is ^ what we really are. It is a serious
mistake to u t t e r l y ignore others' opinions of w h a t we should be or what we
should do. Our j u d g m e n t of ourselves
c a n n o t but be biased.
(The T h r e a d of Life.)

Organisms

I t was previously stated t h a t the soil
is a living thing. The soil t e e m s with
living organisms of microscopic size.
These organisms m a y be roughly divided
into two g r o u p s : those which live in
the presence of air, and those living
with little air. Medium w a t e r i n g f a v o r s
the growth of those organisms which require large a m o u n t s of air. Excessive
w a t e r i n g causes inactivity of this group.
A m o n g the organisms r e q u i r i n g air are
m a n y of the group causing rapid decay
of p l a n t tissue, and the g r o u p which
convert ammonia to n i t r a t e nitrogen.
As previously indicated, excess w a t e r ing causes air to be driven f r o m the
soil. U n d e r conditions induced by excess watering, the groups of organisms
which thrive with little air assume the
m a j o r role. One g r o u p of these is the
protozoa, microscopic animals.
This
group live upon bacteria, and their
growth m a y actually kill the f a v o r a b l e
organisms in the soil. A second g r o u p
f a v o r e d by excess w a t e r is f u n g i . This
g r o u p includes m a n y of the organisms
causing plant diseases. Excessive w a t e r ing m a y cause the death of f a v o r a b l e
bacteria, and produce growth of disease
organisms.

To-day's r e q u i r e m e n t is a Superint e n d e n t to watch over a golf course, not
a g r e e n k e e p e r to work on it.
•—Kent
Bradley.

"A m a n is also known by the kind of
company he keeps away f r o m . "

FOR SALE
r e a d y to lay as green or as stolons.
4 0 0 0 sq. f t . T r u e V e l v e t B e n t
No. 14276, G o v e r n m e n t S t r a i n ,
free f r o m weeds.
FIFTY

CENTS

PER

FOOT

ALSO
800 ft. G e r m a n Bent with 3000 Plugs
of t h e F a m o u s N o . 1 4 2 7 6 V e l v e t
c u t in, at 3 0 C E N T S P E R F T .
a t O a k L a w n , R . I.

S t a r t out r i g h t by using the t r u e
g o v e r n m e n t strain t h a t will spread.

Roland F. Robinson
O a k l a w n , R. I.

J ^ c i w n

Q u a l i h j 7 Y f o i v e r s

i J e s t e d

Quiet-Mo" DeLuxe
Li

A high quality mower throughout. P e r f e c t for tees and approaches
d u e t o i t s l i g h t n e s s of w e i g h t a n d s t r o n g c o n s t r u c t i o n .
Full clincher
rubber treads on the drive wheels provide much better traction.
Cannot
s l i p n o r c o m e off i n s e r v i c e . P r e v e n t b r e a k a g e t o o . R u b b e r c o v e r e d r e a r
g u a r d r o l l e r c a r r i e d o n ball b e a r i n g s m a k e s it e x c e p t i o n a l l y F R E E R U N N I N G and Q U I E T . Specially treated blade steel for h a r d service.
10"
drive wheels. 5 blades.
W i d t h of C u t
15"
17"
19"
21"
Weight
42
44
46
48 pounds
Price
$ 16.50
$ 17.50
$ 18.50
$ 19.75

INVINCIBLE 4

BLADE

S i m i l a r to m o w e r on t h e l e f t except
has
4
blade
cutting
reel.
Recommended
for rough
mowing
a r o u n d tees, bunkers, and mounds.
14"
$6.50

INVINCIBLE 5

16"
$6.75

BLADE

A high quality m o w e r at medium
price. Especially a d a p t e d f o r general trimming. First quality blade
steel and lipped edge bottom knife.
1 0 " wheels. 5 blades.
14"
$6.85

16"

18"
$7.60

$7.10

Distributed to Clubs by

M e w

England
WEST
When

Toro

NEWTON,

writing, mention

MASS.

NEWSLETTER.

Co,

Will Mow Eighteen Greens in Six Hours
T h e D u p l e x w a s first i n t r o d u c e d in 1 9 3 6 a n d o f f e r e d a n e w a n d p r o v e n
m e a n s of c u t t i n g g r a s s b y p o w e r , a t t h e s a m e t i m e m a i n t a i n i n g all t h e
w e l l k n o w n a d v a n t a g e s o f h a n d m o w i n g . T h e p r i n c i p l e i n v o l v e d is s i m p l e
e n o u g h . I t c o n s i s t s of t w o
m o w e r s held in line a n d s e p a r a t e d b y a
w i d t h a p p r o x i m a t i n g o n e m o w e r less t h e n o r m a l lap. A s t h e m o w e r t r a v e l s
o v e r t h e g r e e n , it c u t s t w o s w a t h s a n d m i s s e s o n e . O n t h e r e t u r n t r i p
t h e m o w e r is m o v e d o v e r a n d c u t s t h e s w a t h t h a t w a s m i s s e d , a t t h e s a m e
t i m e m i s s i n g t h e s w a t h t h a t w a s c u t . T h i s r o u t i n e is f o l l o w e d u n t i l t h e ;
g r e e n is c o m p l e t e l y m o w e d .

T h e r e a r e m a n y a d v a n t a g e s t o t h e D u p l e x . I n t h e first p l a c e it h a s a
c u t t i n g s w a t h of 3 5 i n c h e s , o r d o u b l e t h a t of a h a n d m o w e r . I n t h e s e c o n d
p l a c e , b e c a u s e of i t s c o n s t r u c t i o n , it is r e a s o n a b l y l i g h t a n d t h e w e i g h t
is s p r e a d o v e r a l a r g e r s u r f a c e s o t h e r e c a n n o t b e a n y p a c k i n g of t h e s o i l .
T h i r d l y , it a l l o w s t h e o p e r a t o r t o m a i n t a i n t h e r i b b o n e f f e c t i n t h e g r e e n ,
w h i c h is d e s i r e d b y a l l C o u r s e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t s .
F o r 1 9 3 7 a n u m b e r of r e f i n e m e n t s a n d i m p r o v e m e n t s h a v e b e e n a d d e d .
T h e d r i v e d r u m s a r e n o w m a d e in t w o s e c t i o n s to f a c i l i t a t e e a s y t u r n i n g ;
a s i m p l i f i e d s y s t e m of g e a r i n g h a s b e e n i n s t a l l e d ;
Universal joints are
r u b b e r e d covered; m o r e p o w e r has been a d d e d to t h e motor, a n d an
i n g e n i o u s p o w e r d r i v e n t r a n s p o r t t r u c k is n o w a v a i l a b l e .
W i t h t h e D u p l e x o n e m a n c a n cut e i g h t e e n g r e e n s in an a v e r a g e
s i x h o u r s . T r a n s p o r t i n g f r o m g r e e n t o g r e e n is a n e a s y m a t t e r .
ARRANGE FOR A DEMONSTRATION ON YOUR OWN

N e w

England
1121-1131

Toro

Washington

GREENS.

Co.

Street

W e s t Newton, Mass.
Phones—WESt

Newton

1658,

NEWton

North

7900

of