There is no such thing as mass production of
independent thought. "

To Dartmouth College~
THANKS A

MILLION!

It was in April, 1922, sixteen years ago, that Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, bought their
first TORO machine.
That was news, but we couldn't say much about it
because they were our first and only College customer
that year.
But here it is 1938 with sixteen years added to the
calendar and during this time Dartmouth has bought a
good many thousands of dollars' worth of TORO machinery.
Dartmouth college uses two TORO Model B Tractors
and 10 Trojan Mowers on their golf course. They also
use a TORO Master B Parkmaster with 3 pneumatictired Super Mowers on their Campus. In addition, Dartmouth College uses a TORO Park Special Power Mower
with Trailer Mowers and Riding Sulky, all pneumatic
mounted, on the Grounds. They are now using their first
TORO Pony Power Putting Green Mower.
The passing years since April, 1922, have seen almost fifteen hundred other Schools, large and small,
follow the lead of Dartmouth College in the selection of
TORO Machinery.
So to W. M. Gooding, Dartmouth Superintendent of
Buildings and Grounds, and his efficient staff, we say—
"Thanks for starting something that
never finished."

we hope is

S e n d for Our Interesting C a t a l o g

1
;
*
New England Toro Co.~
DISTRIBUTORS FOR N E W E N G L A N D
1121 Washington St., West Newton
—
WESt New. 1658

When

writing,

mention

NEWSLETTER.

This N E W S L E T T E R is published
monthly by the Greenkeepers Club of
New England, and sent f r e e to its members and their Green's Chairmen. Subscription price ten cents a copy, or a
dollar a year.
GUY C. W E S T

Editor

In the play-off f o r the John Shanahan
Memorial trophy, held on July 21st during heavy rain, Lloyd Stott and George
Apple of Meadowbrook won f r o m John
Counsell and Tony Manero of Salem.
Both teams scored 87 gross, but the
f o r m e r team had the larger handicap,
thus winning the trophy f o r this year.

Rhode I s l a n d C o u n t r y Club
W e s t B a r r i n g t o n , R. I.

GEORGE J. ROMMELL, JR.
Business Mgr.
28 Granville St., D o r c h e s t e r ,

August, 1938

Mass.

Vol. 10, No. 8

The ideas and opinions expressed in
the subject
matter
of this
NEWSLETTER
are not necessarily those of
the Editor or the members of the club
as a whole.

T h e club c h a m p i o n s h i p will b e p l a y e d
at t h e n e x t m e e t i n g , t o b e h e l d o n S e p t e m b e r 12th, at the W i n c h e s t e r Country
C l u b , W i n c h e s t e r , Mas«. T h e r e w i l l b e
a d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f I d e a l e q u i p m e n t at
11 A . M., l u n c h at n o o n , f o l l o w e d b y
t h e t o u r n a m e n t of I S h o l e s .
If t h e w e a t h e r is b a d , w h e t h e r o r n o t
the championship will be played will be
l e f t to the discretion of the Golf Committee.

AUGUST

MEETING

A joint meeting of the club with the
R. I. Association was held at the Agawam Hunt Club, East Providence, R. I.
on August 1st. There was a demonstration of Jacobson cutting equipment in
the morning. Following lunch, an 18hole medal handicap tournament was
played, with the following prizes being
awarded:
1st net, Guy West, 85-66.
2nd net, Nick Bruno, 82-69.
3rd net, Phil Cassidy, 86-70.
4th net, Howard F a r r a n t , 89-71.
5th net, A1 Barney, 91-73.
At the business meeting it was voted
to appropriate $300 f r o m the Trustees
Fund to initiate turf research work at
the Waltham Field Station.

The Needham Golf Club has recently
started a fairway watering system,
using 4" transite pipe, with Buckner
valves and heads. A t present a threehole unit is laid out and under construction.
The following letter to member clubs
f r o m the U. S. G. A. is worthy of reprinting, as many of our readers may
not have seen it. I t might be suggested
that a copy be posted on the club bulletin board, where it has not been done
already.
P r o t e c t i o n of P e r s o n s
Lightning

Against

National Bureau of Standards Handbook No. 21, 1937, p. 2.
(a) Do not go out of doors or remain out during thunderstorms unless
it is necessary. Stay inside of a building where it is dry, preferably away
f r o m fireplaces, stoves and other metal
objects.
(b) If there is any choice of shelter,
choose in the following order :
1. Large metal or metal-frame buildings.
2. Dwellings or other buildings which
are protected against lightning.
3. Large unprotected buildings.
4. Small unprotected buildings.
(c) If remaining out of doors is unavoidable,
1. Keep away f r o m
(1) Small sheds and shelters if in
an exposed location.
(2) Isolated trees.
(3) Wire fences.
(4) Hilltops and wide open spaces.
2. Seek shelter in
(1) A cave.
(2) A depression in the ground.
(3) A deep valley or canyon.
(4) The foot of a steep or overhanging cliff.
(5) Dense woods.
(6) A grove of trees.
Note by United States Golf

Associa-

tion—It is understood t h a t the elevation
of golf clubs or umbrellas above one's
normal height is dangerous.

NEW

JERSEY

ASSN.

NEWS

Recent letters f r o m Kent Bradley give
us interesting news of New Jersey Golf
Course Supts. Assn. meetings.
On
July 11th, the Association met at the
Twin Brooks C. C. in Plainfield, with
demonstrations of the T e r f e r a t o r and
the Perfection Mower Sharpener as part
of; the program. A talk by Dr. Sprague
at this meeting is given elsewhere in
this issue.
The August meeting was held at the
Suburban G. C. in Union.
A symposium discussion and report
of damage incurred on links in this
state was made by William C. Colthart,
Board of Governors, Suburban Golf
Club; John W. Cannon, Greens Committee
Chairman
of
Twin
Brooks
Country Club, Plainfield; Doctor H.
Sprague, Doctor C. C. Hamilton and T.
C. Longnecker, of New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station; Doctor E. E.
Eyaul, of United States Soil Conservation Commission; C. E. Treat, of Montclair Golf Club; Walter Totty, of Echo
Lake Country Club; Jarvis Badgeley,
of Galloping Hill Golf Course; Lewis
Weilandt of Princeton Country Club;
Thomas Hays of Baltusrol Country
Club; John Anderson of Essex County
Country Club and M. S. Whaley, Golf
Course Supply Salesman.
John B. Gill, irrigation engineer, discussed golf course water systems and
showed moving pictures of installations.
C. K. Bradley of Passaic Co. Golf
Course, outlined some studies he has
made on irrigation in connection with
supplementing rainfall.

N . J. T U R F F I E L D

NOTES

Held July 18 at N. J. Agri. Ex. Sta.,
cloudy weather, attendance over 300,
(240 registered). Between 400-500 test
and demonstration plots.
No evening program was held this
year.
Sprague talked on the test plots, T.
C. Longnecker discussed the soil experiments dealing largely with lime and
other nutrient penetration in various
soils there.
J. . H. Boyce, graduate
student-assistant agronomist explained
methods, material and equipment used
on the putting green show plots, to
those connected other than with golf
greenlteeping.

New strain of velvet bent developed
at N. B., was yet unnamed.
Naming
contest was held, 141 being submitted
by the deadline, mailed and brought in
f r o m 6 states, letter V headed more
names than any other, there being 36
of this letter.
Range, alphabetically,
was f r o m "Ace" to "Wonder". Judges
were R. F. Arnott, Greens Section, N. J.
Golf Assoc., Fred Roth, N. J. Golf
Course Supts. Assoc., Percy Plat, N. J.
Div. P. G. A.
Winning name selected -was Raritan
Velvet Bent (Raritan River n e a r b y ) .
Prize was to be one pound of the
new seed, estimated to contain 10 million seeds. However, three had submitted the same name, so each will get
a pound. Only winning contestant present was Oliver A. Deakin, Asst. Landscape Engr. N. J. State Highway Dept.
The other two to get their seed when
it is harvested are Clyde C. Hamilton,
N. J. Sta. Entomologist, and R. A.
Jones, Baltusrol C. C., N. J. Second
choice of names were "Composit" and
"Eureka".
The seed presented tested
Jan. '38, 99-85 inert 0.9, other crop
(grass) seed trace.
New strain features are desireable color, texture,
vigor, disease and wear resistance, good
seed production.
Discussions were general turf topics.

SPRAGUE

SPEAKS

(Excerpts of address made before N. J.
Golf Course Supts. Assoc. at Twin
Brooks C. C., July 11, '38 by Dr. H.
B. Sprague, 1ST. J. State Agr. Experiment Sta.)
I've had quite interesting conversation with my table mates this evening,
on various subjects. Kent feels it would
be well to explain why we have no
equipment demonstrations at our Turf
Field Days. The reason is merely t h a t
we have not the space of turf and other
facilities to handle this. Other branches
of agriculture are able to show f a r m
machinery, but as to turf tools, we just
can't do it. For instance our waterpressure is only 25 lbs. and comparitive tests of sprinklers could not be
made on a fair basis.
Another item is the f a c t t h a t our owra
program takes up a greater part of the
day, at a time convenient f o r those to
attend who have to travel some distance.

Follow the
l o r g r a s s t h a t g r o w s b e s t in this r e g i o n
Do you want to get the most value for your seed dollar this
f a l l ? Of course, you know that good seed is cheapest in the
long run. But Woodruff can give you even more than that.
Woodruff, the largest supplier of Colonial Bent, is an expert
in the grasses native to this section of New England. Woodruff
GRASS

SEED

DIVISION

is intimately familiar with local soils, and is able to give you
^

unusual assistance in developing the best mixture for your

S O N S particular land. When you buy from Woodruff you buy more
than seed. Enjoy this extra value by ordering from Woodruff.

THE CARPENTER LAWN MOWER SHARPENER
DON'T HELP H E A T AND
DROUGHT KILL YOUR
GRASS!
During the hot, dry period of
Summer—turf grass is holding on by
the slenderest kind of roots.
Dull Mowers pinch the grass and pull out many of these roots,
causing much damage.
Keep Your Mowers Extra Sharp at this season and'you will save the
grass you have.
The

Carpenter

Lawn

Mower

Sharpener

will

enable

you

economically. Write for details.

CARPENTER

TOOL

COMPANY

4 5 B a k e r St., P r o v i d e n c e , R. I.

to

do

this

$1=29?

Sounds like a
bargain sale!"]
Six thousand square feet of real, effective brown
patch protection for only $1.29? It sounds like a
bargain, and it is! That's how low the cost of
Special SEMESAN figures. And it saves money
in other ways, too. Costs less in labor because
fewer applications are required in severe brown
patch weather, and does not damage the spray
rig to bring on bills for repairs. Special SEMESAN is a thoroughly proved fungicide containing two organic
mercuries for more effective protection. Easily applied in water
solution or dry with compost. Order from your supply house.
Five lbs., $7.00; 25 lbs., $33.00; 100 lbs., $129.00.
Regular
S e m e s a n , t h e original brown
patch fungicide, a n d N u - G r e e n , t h e
preventive which h a s t e n s recovery of
infected turf, are also available at t h e
following prices: Regular
SEMESAN:

5 lbs., $9.90; 25 lbs.. $45.50; 100 lbs.,
$180.00; 300 lbs., $535.00. N u - G r e e n :
5 lbs., $6.30; 25 lbs.. $29.00; 100 lbs.,
$115.00; 300 lbs., $338.00. For f r e e T u r f
D i s e a s e Pamphlet, write direct to—

BAYER - SER/SESAiNl C O M P A N Y ,

INC*

DU PONT BLDG., WILMINGTON, DEL.
Personally, I am in favor of demonstrations, and would like to see more
of which we had a sample of this afternoon. We at the N. J. Station have high
regard for commercial dealers and
manufacturers. They render to all an
extremely vital service. We are not the
least biased or predjudiced, and wish it
were possible to have seasonal showings of their wares at some nearby golf
course.
Three other things my fellow diners
and I talked over are in need of general consideration. The first is, What
does the profession of greenkeeping
yield? From the aesthetic side, we have
a healthy occupation outdoors, and diversified so it does not become boresome. A f t e r your day's work is done.,»
there is nothing to worry about except

turf disease, insect invasion, drainage,
drouth and budget appropriation, so you
go to bed for sound and untroubled
sleep!!! (plenty of laughter from audience.)
Other than this mentioned "satisfaction", no one seems to know what
the average salary yield is. Generally
speaking, I do know it is small compared to other forms of specialization.
If separate individuals were each paid
for the many services one man—the
greenkeeper,. renders a golf club, the
total cost would be very large.
It would be well if you all got together, made a statictical survey of
your incomes and make it known. We
agronomists have a pretty fair idea of
what our vocation income range is, and
if one cannot receive what they desire

Fairway
.

N E W

•

PROCESS

6-6-4 formula with a
humus-forming organic

base

Purveyors of:
—FLORIDA
—AGRICO

HUMUS
FERTILIZERS

—GOLF

and L A W N

—GOLF

COURSE

—SEMESAN
—FLOWER
—SKINNER

and

SEEDS
SUPPLIES

NU-GREEN

SEEDS

and

BULBS

SPRINKLERS

85 State Street—Boston,
—Seedsmen

here,
How
value
basis

Since

Mass.

1818

they apply there. I might ask,
can any of you place monetary
on your services if you have no
for comparison?

Greenkeeping is a profession that is
bound to go ahead. By our living
standards, recreation importance is on
the increase.
Another topic we talked over this
evening was the newcomers to replace
or carry on the work of present greenkeepers. You in charge of courses today, are certainly more qualified than
any, to select the right ones. Agricultural colleges can handle the technical
training, but you can only teach the
art or practical side of greenkeeping.
Boys who come from f a r m houses, we
find are the best material for agricultural training at college. Some greenkeepers present claim their foremen
(who are virtually prospective greenkeepers) are better versed in golf
maintenance than the superintendents
themselves were when at the same stage
of the vocation. This is a healthy indication, and leads to the profession becoming as honorable as you, yourselves
make it.

The last subject, deals with the ability of what turf research work we can
do for you. Your interest shows that
it has value, to your courses, your employers and yourselves. Research appropriations in times like these are the
first to be cut, and last to be restored.
I believe that relief f u n d s are more important, but research work continues in
industry, even during times of retrenchment, so that when the time comes,
slack can be quickly taken up.
Research is a long and laborious assignment. We are nearing the time
when you will want new information
quickly, and we will not be able to
furnish it. By reduction of funds the
well will become dry, the bank will fail.
You know the results of turf starvation
and neglect when required soil treatments are postponed too long.
Reported by Kent Bradley.

Write up your Summer troubles for
the N e w s l e t t e r ! Let's h a v e y o u r " d o p e "
by Sept. 10th.
Help us make up a
good isaue!
Thanks!—(Ed.)

"'Pioneers

in Soil 'Uests for Seed

F A L L

¿Mixtures"

N E E D I N G

For Greens:
Tagged a n d sealed Colonial Bents.
P. E. I. Velvet Bent Mixtures, 8 6 % Velvet, 8 % Colonial Bent.
(Our own plot of this seed shows no brown patch although we have
used n o fungicide.)

For F a i r w a y s :

Exceptionally p u r e K e n t u c k y Bluegrass; 9 9 . 9 0 % weed f r e e , over
9 9 % pure.
E x t r a f a n c y Red T o p ; 9 8 y 2 % pure, 9 0 % g e r m i n a t i o n or b e t t e r .
New Crop Chewings F e s c u e ; 98V2°/> pure, 9 0 % germination, in
May this year.

For Tees:

Y a r r o w h a s given good results u n d e r h a r d play.

W e have it.

For t h e Rough:
Use our Sneep Fescue, Canada Bluegrass, or P e r e n n i a l Ryegrass.
Our prices on these seeds will be reasonable, t h e quality t h e best.
When you a r e r e a d y to order, call or write us. W e a r e always glad to
assist you with f r e e soil tests or advice in solving your p a r t i c u l a r t u r f
problems.

JOHN D. L I O N
SEEDSMEN
37 B A R T L E T T

^ S

AVENUE

Belmont, Mass.

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
**

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT
L A W N SEED A N D L A W N CARE
1—What

is L a w n

Grass

Seed?

Lawn Grass Seed is one or more
varieties of grasses capable of mowing
to lawn length. I t m a y contain clover.
2 — W l i a t is t h e D i f f e r e n c e B e t w e e n
Lawn Grass Seed a n d Grass Seed?

All lawn grass seeds a r e grass seeds
b u t all grass seeds a r e n o t a d a p t e d to
use f o r lawns as practiced. Corn a n d
Bamboo belong to t h e grass f a m i l y as
do Timothy and Orchard Grass a n d
m a n y others b u t a r e n o t a d a p t e d to
lawn use.
3—Are

T h e r e D i f f e r e n t K i n d s of L a w n
Grass Seed Mixtures?

Yes indeed.
( a ) — T h e r e a r e low grade, chaffy,
low-priced m i x t u r e s usually containing
large quantities of t e m p o r a r y varieties
and light-weight, low quality perennial
varieties.
Sometimes
contain
small
quantities of light weight K e n t u c k y
Blue Grass.

CONSULTANTS
TELEPHONE
Belmont

2907-J—4346-W

( b ) — T h e r e a r e low-priced, clean mixt u r e s m a d e u p entirely of cheap, quickgrowing b u t t e m p o r a r y varieties, such
as R y e Grass, Timothy and Red Top.
( c ) — T h e r e a r e medium-priced, clean
m i x t u r e s suitable f o r good lawn t u r f
but which contain a reasonable a m o u n t
of low-priced, quick-growing varieties
which a c t as a n u r s e until t h e slower,
b u t perennial varieties establish a good,
sound t u r f .
(d)—There
are Extra
Recleaned
m i x t u r e s m a d e u p entirely of perennial
varieties.
These m i x t u r e s a r e usually
balanced to produce fine-textured, lasting t u r f . T h e recleaning of these perennial varieties removed t h e lightweight
chaffy seeds leaving only clean highg e r m i n a t i n g kernels. This is b y f a r t h e
cheapest m i x t u r e to b u y .
4 — W h y Does O n e Lawn Grass Mixture
Cost More Than Another?

N a t u r e played a trick on us. T h e
quick-growing, b u t short lived grasses
are less expensive to raise a n d h a r v e s t
and to clean, hence t h e y cost less
money.
Light-weight chaffy grades of
t h e p e r m a n e n t varieties a r e either t h e

Year Round Utility with the

tMtaki
A P o w e r L a w n M o w e r — a P o w e r Sweeper — a P o w e r
R o l l e r all i n o n e c o n v e r t i b l e c o m b i n a t i o n — t h e I d e a l
Caretaker.
T h e m o w e r a s s e m b l y e m b o d i e s a d v a n t a g e s f o u n d in n o
other mower
Full-floating, power-driven cutting unit
w i t h 8" reel. Will t r i m close a r o u n d flower beds, d r i v e s ,
qfc:.; a n d will h a n d l e a w i d e v a r i e t y of m o w i n g c o n d i t i o n s
h m a x i m u m efficiency.
T h e s w e e p e r a s s e m b l y offers a n efficient m e t h o d of
w i n d r o w i n g — l e a v e s in t h e fall; s w e e p i n g d e a d grass a n d
d e b r i s f r o m l a w n s in t h e s p r i n g ; s w e e p i n g s n o w f r o m
w a l k s , d r i v e w a y s , p l a t f o r m s a n d s k a t i n g r i n k s in t h e w i n t e r .
I t t a k e s less t h a n 30 m i n u t e s t o c o n v e r t t h e " C a r e t a k e r "
f r o m a p o w e r m o w e r t o a p o w e r s w e e p e r or vice v e r s a —
t h e p o w e r u n i t will h a u l l a w n roller, s p i k e r , etc. T r u l y a n
i m p l e m e n t of p r a c t i c a l , y e a r - a r o u n d u t i l i t y .

W r i t e for c o m p l e t e
information and
c a t a l o g , or a s k t o
have our nearest
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e call.

IDEAL POWER LAWN M O W E R C O M P A N Y
New York Branch:
12 H a r r i s o n St.
N e w Rochelle, N . Y .
New England Distributor:

436 K a l a m a z o o S t r e e t
Lansing, Michigan

Ideal M o w e r Sales & Service,

Canadian Distributors:
Aikenhead Hardware, Ltd.
17 T e m p e r a n c e St., T o r o n t o , O n t .
111 Cypress

St., B r o o k l i n e ,

Mass.

cleanings removed by recleaning or a
harvest of poor crop seed. Recleaned,
high quality seed is the result of selecting only the best crops and then cleaning and recleaning to perfection. This
milling also removes the weed seeds.
The best seed you can buy is cheapest
in the end.
5 — W h a t Constitutes a Really Good
Lawn Mixture for Average Soils?

A mixture of grasses containing at
least 60% of two or more basic or permanent grasses (Kentucky Blue Grass,
Colonial Bent or Chewings Fescue) plus
a nurse grass (Recleaned Red Top).
It should be at least 97% pure and have
a germination of at least 88%.
Weed
content will be at a minimum.
6 — H o w Does a Shady Mixture Differ
From a Regular Sunny Mixture?

Turf, under trees, grows with a
handicap. Dense shade prevents penetration of the life giving ultra-violet
rays. Trees prevent the f r e e circulation of air. Tree roots sap as high as
75% of the water and plant nutrients
f r o m the soil "and heavy foliage trees
act as a watershed in diverting rain
under trees. Certain grass varieties
p r e f e r cool moist shade f o r growth but
also require fertile alkaline
soils.
Among this group are Rough Blue Grass
(Poa trivialis) and Wood Meadow Grass
(Poa nemoralis). Fine-Leaved Fescue
p r e f e r s shade but is not so particular
about the acidity or fertility.
Velvet
Bent also does well in shade.
Other
grasses, because of their heavy rootsystem, thrive on poor deficient soils in
the shade, on sand or under any adverse
conditions.
Chewings
Fescue
(Festuca r u b r a var. fallax) is one of
our best, if not the best shade grass.
Kentucky Blue Grass will also withstand a considerable amount of high
shade. A true Shade Mixture, therefore,
will contain liberal quantities of the
fescues, some of the poas and a small
amount of a good clean nurse to occupy
the ground until the slow-growing permanent varieties become established.
7

What

is a P o o r

Soil

Mixture?

One may either improve soil to produce the type of turf desired or may
choose grass varieties capable of surviving on the existing soils. Such a
mixture
must
contain
deep-rooting
drought-resisting and low-feeding varieties in abundance if permanent turf is
to be had. U n f o r t u n a t e l y the varieties
which can withstand these un-natural

conditions grow slowly and a nurse is
necessary to occupy the area and to
protect the slower but permanent varieties until they become established.
Chewings Fescue and Canada Blue Grass
as well as Colonial Bent will withstand
these conditions. Two or more of these
varieties should make up at least 60%
of the mixture if it is to serve the purpose f o r which it is intended.
8 — W h e n is t h e B e s t T i m e t o M a k e a
New Lawn?

At the same time t h a t n a t u r e sows
her seed—the fall. The success of lawn
depends on the proper development of a ^ f ^
deep, vigorous root-system. Early fall
seedings afford two ideal growing seasons, fall and spring, before the new
turf is subjected to hot trying weather.
An early September seeding allows a t
least six weeks of growing weather before winter sets in thus permitting good
root development. If spring seeding is
necessary, it should be accomplished as
early as possible to permit a long growing period before hot weather. It is
more advisable to sow a quick-growing,
temporary mixture in the spring and
reseed in the early fall with the permanent mixture. Weeds are less aggressive in the fall and good thick turf is
the best weed eliminator known.
9—When

Should

a Lawn be

Fed?

Lawn Grasses have the longest growing season of all the vegetable kingdom.
They spread or "fill out" during the cool
growing weather of spring and fall. For
maximum results fertilizer should be
applied very early in the spring and
again in early September. If two applications per season are impossible, the
fall dressing is the more valuable f o r it /tj^
will nourish all fall and again the following spring unless the soil is very
sandy when it may be lost through
leaching.
1 0 — W h a t Analysis Fertilizer Produces
Maximum Healthy Turf?

This will vary with the soil. If the
area has not been f e d f o r several years,
a plant food high in phosphorous should
be used. If this is applied in the spring
it should be followed by a high nitrogen fertilizer in the fall and each fall
t h e r e a f t e r f o r five years when the high
phosphate fertilizer should again be
used. For regular feeding the Nitrogen
(first figure) should equal the sum of
the Phosphate
(second
figure)
and
Potash (third figure), such as a 10-6-4,
8-6-2, 10-5-5, etc. The source of the

"EMERALD

V E L V E T

B E N T

GRASS

SEED

The Finest of all Velvet Bent Strains For Golf Greens
New Crop Now Available
Purity—90%,

Germination—85%,
Inert

Other

Grasses—0.1%

Matter—9%.

I n q u i r e of y o u r s e e d dealer, or w r i t e us

directly.

EMERALD FARM
NEWTON

_
(Growers

of

Velvet

NEW
Bent

Grass

JERSEY

Seed)

NEW ENGLAND DISTRIBUTORS OF
I

I

I

I

I

£ V/JAV/

Power Mowers—Gang Mowers—Hand Mowers
Tractors and G a n g M o w e r C o m b i n a t i o n s of 3-5-7 Units
Rollers—Spikers
Sod Cutters—Soil Screens

BUCKNER
— Fairway — Tee — Green Sprinklers and Valves
Milorganite — Netco 8-6-2 Putting Green — Fertilizers
FRIEND
LEWIS

Power Sprayers
Tee Equipment

—
—

McCLAIN

STANDARD

Hand Pressure Outfits

Green and Tee Equipment

WORCESTER
Lawn Mowers — PEERLESS
and .CARPENTER
Grinders
Antube
—
Arsenate of Lead
—•
Brown Patch Preventatives
Flags —• Poles — Tools — Fertilizer Distributors —
Seeders
Hose — Markers — Ball Soap — Burners — Sod Cutters —• Towels
Grass Seeds
—
Special Mixtures
—
Certified Bents

New England Toro Co.
DISTRIBUTORS FOR N E W E N G L A N D
1121 Washington St., West Newton

—

WESt New. 1658

nitrogen content should be at least 5 0 %
f r o m the organic sources with the balance f r o m chemical or in-organic materials.
11—At

What

Height Should
Be Cut?

the

Lawn

During the spring and fall the lawn
m a y be cut at 1 inch to 1 % inches.
During hot weather, it should be cut at
least 1V2 inches.
(This can be best
done by placing the mower on a smooth
s u r f a c e such as a sidewalk or garage
floor. By raising or lowering the roller
the bedplate can be set to the desired
height.) Clippings may or may not be
removed, providing they are not heavy
enough to m a t and cause burn.
12

When

and
Be

How Should
Watered?

a

Lawn

Thorough soakings with a fine mist or
spray is of much more value t h a n f r e quent light waterings. Soak deeply to
encourage root-growth. W a t e r at a time
of day when the t e m p e r a t u r e of the soil
is nearest the t e m p e r a t u r e of the water
— l a t e evening or early morning. W a t e r ing during the day does not damage,
but scald invariably results immediately
a f t e r w a t e r i n g ceases.
— T u r f Topics.

SOIL

WATER

(A 1937 Recreation
Paper)

Conference

In greenkeeping one should know a
little about soil w a t e r . A soil, in order
to f u n c t i o n as a medium f o r plant
growth, must contain a certain a m o u n t
of water. This moisture promotes the
innumerable chemical and biological
activities of the soil and acts as a solvent and carrier of nutrients.
The
amount, character, and control of soil
moisture evidently must be reckoned
with in any study of soil and plant relationship, whether t h e y are of a practical or a theoretical nature. The productivity of a soil is o f t e n a direct
f u n c t i o n of its moisture condition.
In order to grow, plants must have a
certain a m o u n t of water. This is ref e r r e d to as the w a t e r r e q u i r e m e n t . The
expression " w a t e r r e q u i r e m e n t " of a
plant r e f e r s to its needs and means the
a m o u n t of w a t e r t h a t passes up through
it and evaporates f o r every pound of
dry material produced. Plants differ in
their w a t e r r e q u i r e m e n t s and, f o r the

same plant, climate influences this requirement considerably. In addition to
this there is a large percentage lost by
evaporation f r o m the soil. Some of the
f a c t o r s t h a t influence the w a t e r requirements of plants a r e :
a.

The

weather—If

the

air

is

hot

and dry much more w a t e r is required
than when the air is cool and moist.
Wind and sunshine may also increase
the a m o u n t of w a t e r transpired.
b.

T h e w a t e r s u p p l y is in t h e

soil—

When the soil contains a large supply
of available water, plants are more
lavish with it than when t h e r e is a low
supply or when the soil gives up its
moisture more slowly, as in the clay
loam or silt loam.
C.

R i c h n e s s of t h e s o i l — W h e n

other

conditions are the same a plant requires about one-half the a m o u n t of
water when growing on a rich soil than
011 a poor soil.
d.

Manure and fertilizer

treatments

— T h e use of m a n u r e or organic material and fertilizers on poor soils not
only increases the growth b u t may decrease the w a t e r r e q u i r e m e n t s of plants
f r o m 30 to 5 0 % . These f a c t o r s should
be considered by each greenkeeper
when the water is applied to a green
or a f a i r w a y .
In order to u n d e r s t a n d soil water, it
is necessary to know the w a t e r and its
relation to the soil. This occurs in t h r e e
f o r m s or conditions:
a. Gravitational — or f r e e
water.
W a t e r which, if opportunity be given it,
will flow off or be drawn down t h r o u g h
the soil and away by gravity.
b.

Capillary water

Water

which

is

held by the soil against gravity a f t e r all
f r e e w a t e r is allowed to drain off, b u t
which is f r e e to move f r o m soil particle
to soil particle.
c.

Hygroscopic

water

—

Moisture

which exists in air-dried soil, or soil in
which nlants p e r m a n e n t l y wilt. Usually
a small amount of capillary water is
present in soils when plants wilt.
Of these t h r e e f o r m s of water, capillary w a t e r is the most important, because this is the f o r m which constitutes
t h e soil moisture reserve f r o m which
crops or plants draw their w a t e r reouirement. In later years, because of
this, many experiments have taken place
on a new w a t e r i n g system f o r greens
and fairways. These experiments consist of pipe r u n under the s u r f a c e of
the a r e a to be watered, f r o m which

^ ^

water will be released. The water carried to the plants by capillarity would,
theoretically, become more evenly distributed but as yet it has not worked
out practically.
There are several factors which influence the rise of capillary water. The
two most important are: soil texture
and compaction.
Soil texture means
whether the soil particles are close together with little pore space, as in clay,
or whether they are f a r apart, as in
sand or gravel.
Compaction, on the
other hand, is whether these particles
are close together. This causes better
^ ^ capillarity. To aid capillary water in a
soil, careful consideration should be
given to the top-soil as to its relation
with the sub-soil. A good contact between the two allows the capillary water
to be drawn up into the top-soil where
the plant feeds. This is one of the important reasons f o r rolling the growing area in the spring. In rolling, one
should take care not to do it to too
great an extent. Especially is this true
in tight, heavy soils such as a clayey
soil. In sandy soil the rolling should be
more extensive.
Water-holding-capacity must also be
taken into consideration in the watering and maintaining of the soil. We
mean by water-holding-capacity
the
greatest amount of water t h a t can he
retained a f t e r all f r e e water is given
a chance to drain out. This water is
expressed in percent of perfectly dry
soil. The following is a table showing
the given water-holding-capacity of diff e r e n t types of soils:
A course sand
15% > •
A fine sand
22%
A light colored silt loam 30 %
A black silt loam
45%
A well decomposed peat 134% '
A careful consideration of the facts
given should aid greatly in determining
the maintenance of one's soil. The importance of soil water to the greenkeeper should affect his water application program. If he understands its
functions, he will be better able to
regulate and control the water applied
as well as a f t e r it enters the soil, and
adapt it to his particular type of soil.
Submitted by
William Lord
Sydney Golf Club
Sydney, N. Y.
"It's a cinch to cut the other fellow's
budget."

WINTER

HARDY—ACCLIMATED
RHODE

ISLAND

CREEPING
VELVET

B

E

N

G R A S S
and Fairway

T
SEED
Mixtures

of h i g h e s t q u a l i t y f o r lowest price t h a t
s e e d of e q u a l q u a l i t y c a n be o f f e r e d .
NATURE HAS WRITTEN A
PRESCRIPTION for your course.
Right
h e r e in s o u t h e r n N e w E n g l a n d is t h e
n a t u r a l h o m e of t h e e n t i r e f a m i l y of
the Bent grasses, the principal member
of w h i c h , n a m e l y R. I. B e n t , d e r i v e d
its n a m e f r o m this, t h e smallest s t a t e
in t h e u n i o n .
You c a n g r o w N A T U R E ' S O W N I N S U R A N C E into your turf
by
using
F R E S H , V I A B I J U s e e d w h i c h g r o w s in
Y O U R l a t i t u d e in Y O U R c o u n t r y .
SAVE for your club: Buy
direct f r o m the grower.

your

seed

A . N. P E C K H A M
KINGSTON

RHODE

ISLAND

F O R
B
P

R

O

W

A

T

C

N
H

use

PFIZER MERCURIAL
MIXTURE
2/3

Calomel,

1/3

Corrosive

Sublimate.
81%

Mercury content
insures
greatest effectiveness.

Buy

now

at p r e s e n t

low

For further particulars

CHAS. PFIZER
81

Maiden

Lane

&
New

prices.

u)iite

CO., INC.
York

City

PFIZER
MERCURIAL

MIXTURE

GREENKEEPERS'
SUMMER
BULLETIN

The Spring growing season has been
cool with plenty of soil moisture. This
has caused an abnormal growth of clover in fairways and to a lesser extent in
greens. We have what greenkeepers call
a clover year.
This cool damp weather has also
caused damage to greens turf by
Eythium and Pink Spot, two diseases
which are not controlled by mercurial
sprays and f o r which there is no known
satisfactory remedy.
In some cases,
liming of the greens at the r a t e of 15
lbs. to 1000 sq. f t . of ground limestone
is beneficial. Allow ten to f o u r t e e n days
to elapse between the use of lime and
an application of any fertilizer containing ammonia compounds. Spiking, bef o r e applying lime, encourages quicker
penetration.
The recent hot muggy weather, with
an excessive amount of rainfall and
cloudy weather, has made a soft tender
growth of grass. This growth is very
susceptible to brown patch and scald.
In this hot weather of mid-summer,
half doses of brown patch materials
should be applied. Mercurial burns are
o f t e n worse than the brown patch disease.
What is meant by scald here, is a
condition of the soil where the ground
is saturated with water. Until this
gravity water drains out of the soil and
allows air to penetrate, the plant is
unable to take in water. If the top of
the green dries out while the roots are
in the saturated condition described
above, it will be necessary to water
lightly to control scald. This should
not be confused with wilting, a condition where the soil becomes powder dry,
and the grass footmarks^ when walked
on, t u r n a bluish color and finally brown
if not watered immediately.
Troubles f r o m overwatering usually
occur in mid-summer. Very often golfers are responsible f o r this practice because of their demand f o r a soft green.
It is important to have some sort of a
tool to f r e q u e n t l y test the green f o r
soil moisture to the depth of six inches.
The frequency and quantity of water
applied varies with the individual green.

OFFICERS'
President
Secretary
Treasurer
Chairman
Chairman
Chairman
Chairman

There are three kinds of water. F i r s t :
The water table where the ground water
stands, and which varies in depth f r o m
time to time becoming lower during dry
periods and rising in periods of heavy
rain. Second: Gravity water which is
rainfall seeking the water table by
force of gravity or running off through
drains. Third: Field water or the usef u l water which is held around the soil
particles. This last is the only f o r m of
water available to plant roots. In watering, sufficient water should be applied
to nearly satisfy the field water capacity
of the soil. Overwater expels the air
f r o m the soil and causes waterlogging.
This can occur naturally or artificially.
Along with overwatering, another
cause of mid-summer turf troubles is
over-fertilization. Great care should be
exercised during July and August to
keep fertilization down to a minimum.
This is crab grass season. Hand weed
it out as soon as possible before it
seeds. In severe cases, it may help to
rake the greens before mowing. Persistent weeding will eventually clean the
green.
The white grub seems to be quite
prevalent this year in fairways. The excessive rainfall has helped in growing
roots on the grass as f a s t as they are
eaten off. However, crows and skunks
digging in the fairways in search of
grubs do considerable damage. If the
i n j u r y is too severe, either shoot the
crows and skunks or apply arsenate of
lead at the rate of 5 lbs. per 1000 sq.
f t . For the grub of the manure beetle
and similar small grubs, 2 lbs. per 1000
sq. f t .
For sod webworms and cut worms,
spray the green at the r a t e of 2 lbs.
per 1000 sq. f t . The leaves of the grass
should be thoroughly coated with the
arsenate of lead spray.
Reduced budgets have required ingenuity on the greenkeeper's part to
keep up the standard of maintenance
and reduce operating costs on the golf
course. Close supervision, up to date
and efficient methods, discussing of
problems with other greenkeepers will
help to attain this objective.
Service Section Committee,
Mass. Golf Assoc.

DIRECTORY

R. A. Mitchell, Kernwood C. C., Salem,
Philip Cassidy, 45 Grosvenor Rd., Needham,
F r a n k Wilson, Charles River C. C., Newton Centre,
Enter. Comm
Sam S. Mitchell, Ponkapoag G. C., Canton,
Golf Comm
Lloyd G. Stott, Meadow Brook G. C., Reading,
Welfare Comm
Paul Wanberg, 8 Curtis St., Waltham,
Employment Comm
Guy

Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
West

^^

F U N G O L
For

Brown

Patch

and

Soil

F U N G O L is v e r y v a l u a b l e to
Greenkeepers a n d Club M a n a g e r s b e c a u s e of i t s g r e a t c o v e r ing- c a p a c i t y a n d e f f e c t i v e n e s s
in t h e p r e v e n t i o n a n d c o n t r o l of
Brown Patch and the
other
f u n g u s turf diseases, a s
well
a s t h e e r a d i c a t i o n of soil v e r min.
F u n g o l is a q u a l i t y p r o duct
perfectly
adaptable
to
e v e r y m e t h o d of
application.
M a y be u s e d w e t o r d r y .

SPECIAL

Vermin

The
extra
large
covering
c a p a c i t y of F U N G O L m a k e s i t
a most economical
fungicide
and
vermicide.
One
pound
t r e a t s n o t l e s s t h a n 3,500 s q u a r e
f e e t . F U N G O L is e q u a l l y e f f e c tive for checking quick
outb r e a k s of b o t h l a r g e a n d s m a l l
Brown Patch. The high quality
of i t s c h e m i c a l i n g r e d i e n t s i n s u r e s i t s d e p e n d a b i l i t y u n d e r all
climatic conditions.

LITERATURE

UPON

REQUEST

Prices
10 lb. Drum for 35,000 square feet

$18.85

25 lb. Drum for 87,000 square feet

44.50

50 lb. Drum for 175,000 square feet

83.50

"The
Nitrogen

21

—

V E G

-

Cool

Food

E

For

T O N I C
Golf

Phosphoric Acid

Greens"

13

—

Potash

V E G - E - T O N I C is c o m p l e t e l y s o l u b l e a n d c o n t a i n s n o
i n e r t fillers. P r o p e r l y b a l a n c e d in h i g h e s t p e r c e n t a g e s of
Nitrogen, Phosphoric Acid a n d P o t a s h .
I d e a l f o r Golf G r e e n a n d L a w n f e r t i l i z a t i o n i n a n y
l o c a l i t y a n d is a b i g e c o n o m y in l a b o r , d r a y a g e , s t o r a g e
and time.
V E G - E - T O N I C d i s s o l v e s r e a d i l y in w a t e r , will n o t clog
pipes, h o s e or n o z z l e s ; is c l e a n a n d o d o r l e s s , a n d e a s i l y
applied w i t h sprayer, sprinkling cart, p r o p o r t i o n e d sprinkling c a n , or b e t t e r still, t h e M c C l a i n H y d r o - M i x e r .
V E G - E - T O N I C produces finest Greens and L a w n s at
l o w e s t e x p e n s e . L e a v e s no r e s i d u e on t h e t u r f .
Readily
gets down to root s y s t e m s a n d produces quick a n d lasting
grass growth.

100-Pound Drums

$16.00 Each

New England Toro Co.
DISTRIBUTORS FOR N E W E N G L A N D
1121 Washington St., West Newton

—

WESt New. 1658

10

:

; ;

Sheriff J a m e s (Jimmie)
Wi
l i a m s , C h a i r m a n of the Greens.
Committee
of
the
Hillcrest
C o u n t r y C l u b , scene of the recent K a n s a s C i t y Open C h a m pionship,
with
Worthington
e q u i p m e n t used to keep the
course in c h a m p i o n s h i p c o n d i tion.

WORTHINGTON EQUIPMENT
will groom your course to
Championship Condition, too
W o r t h i n g t o n O v e r g r e e n s c u t in concentric circles giving you " t r u e r " greens
and finer playing surfaces, for your ball
always rolls t o w a r d the cup f r o m a n y
direction over the same nap or grain.
Overgreen cut greens are never alternately " f a s t " or " s l o w " as g r e e n s cut
t h e o l d - f a s h i o n e d w a y in strips or ribbons must be.
Overgreens
pay
for
t h e m s e l v e s in time, m o n e y a n d
manpower saved, for one man
with
one
Overgreen can cut the entire 18 greens
in a p p r o x i m a t e l y 4
hours
a job that
l a k e s f r o m 18 to 22 labor h o u r s
by
h a n d cutting on the
average
18-hole
course—which
enables
you
to
spend
more
time
without
additional
labor
cost—in raking traps, trimming around
bunkers and hazards, weeding
greens,
grading and seeding and other
work,
necessary but often neglected, to keep
y o u r c o u r s e in c h a m p i o n s h i p shape.
W o r t h i n g t o n T r a c t o r s , too, a r e m o n e y
• "Zfear out this coupon for

handsome,

C. M. SAWTELLE. Neiv Eng. Distributor
3 Walker Terrace, Cambridge, Mass.
Telephone: Trowbridge 7491

illustrated catalogue with full
equipment.
money-savi ig

li/oitKington
M o\pnpany.
wer
M a i n Office
Stroudsburg, Pa.

savers.
The
7-gang mower
will
cut
m o r e t h a n 7 5 a c r e s in a n 8 - h o u r d a y
a n d t h e sickle b a r a t t a c h m e n t will m o w
d c w n y o u r tall grass a n d horse w e e d s
in a 5 - f o o t s w a t h a t a s t e a d y 5 m i l e s
per hour. T h e p o w e r take-off saves you
t h e c o s t of e x t r a e q u i p m e n t f o r it r u n s
compost mixers, power sprayers, pumps,
saws and rotary brushes
n o o t h e r golf
c o u r s e t r a c t o r h a s all t h e s e f e a t u r e s .
i t is i n t e r e s t i n g t o n o t e t h a t 4 4 o u t
of t h e 5 6 c o u r s e s in t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ,
Canada
and
England,
on
which
the
National Open and Amateur Championships have been played, used W o r t h i n g ton equipment and that there are more
Worthington
Gang
Mowers
in
use
throughout the World than
all
other
makes combined.

Sales Agencies
All Principal Cities

details of Worthington

time and

WORTHINGTON MOWER
COMPANY
Stroudsburg, Pa., Dept. NL-AU
Please
ment

send
at

no

catalogue

on

your

obligation.

Name
Address
City

State

equip-