"Some men succeed by what they know;
some by what they do; and a few by what
they are. "

OCTOBER

This N E W S L E T T E R
is
published
m o n t h l y by t h e G r e e n k e e p e r s Club of
N e w E n g l a n d , and sent f r e e to its m e m b e r s and their G r e e n ' s C h a i r m e n . Subscription price t e n c e n t s a copy, or a
dollar a y e a r .
GUY C. W E S T

Editor

Rhode Island Country
Club
W e s t B a r r i n g t o n , R. I.

GEORGE J. ROMMELL, JR.
Business Mgr.
54 E d d y St., W e s t N e w t o n ,

October, 1939

Vol. 11, No. 10

Contributing

Homer Darling
Howard Farrant
Frank

Mass.

Editors

R. A. Mitchell
Charles P a r k e r
Wilson

The ideas and opinions expressed
in
the subject
matter
of this
NEWSLETTER
are not necessarily
those of
the Editor or the members of the club
as a whole.
W h e r e is t h a t a r t i c l e Y O U w e r e to
write f o r the N E W S L E T T E R ? . . . The
R. I. G r e e n k e e p e r s Association m e t on
October 16th with T o n y Guimelli a t t h e
W i n n e s u c k e t G. C., W o o n s o c k e t . . . . Dr.
D e F r a n c e of t h e R. I. Exp. S t a t i o n a n d
O. O. Clapper and Dick F i n e r t y of t h e
N. E. Toro Co. w e r e a m o n g N e w E n g landers present at the Arlington Turf
P l o t s m e e t i n g on S e p t e m b e r 22nd. T h e y
r e p o r t a v e r y i n t e r e s t e d a n d well-attended meeting there. . . . The Newport
C. C. has five f a i r w a y s , tidal wave cove r e d last Fall, plowed, h a r r o w e d , and
seeded this p a s t m o n t h to A s t o r i a b e n t .
. . , Reports f r o m Kittansett are that
t h e r e s e e d i n g t h e r e of f a i r w a y s with t h e
a l f a l f a disc seeder have been v e r y successful. . . . To g e t soluble p h o s p h o r u s
so t h a t it is available to t h e r o o t s of
grass, i n c o r p o r a t e t h e P in t h e soil bef o r e t h e seed or stolons a r e p l a n t e d . . . .
B o n e m e a l is n o t a d v o c a t e d f o r lawn
uses. . . . T y p e of lime g e n e r a l l y r e c o m m e n d e d f o r t u r f use is g r o u n d limestone.
. . . W e r e c e n t l y h e a r d t h a t R u t g e r s is
w o r k i n g o n t e s t s f o r w e a r q u a l i t y of
t u r f , b a s i n g t e s t s on a m o u n t of r e l a t i v e
w a t e r t h a t can be squeezed out of a
given w e i g h t of f r e s h cut clippings,
u n d e r a certain h y d r a u l i c p r e s s u r e p e r
s q u a r e inch. . . . " L e t the g r a s s grow,
instead of m a k e it g r o w " . . . . Does e v e r y
d e p a r t m e n t of y o u r club u n d e r s t a n d t h e
p r o b l e m s of t h e o t h e r d e p a r t m e n t s ? . . .

W h y n o t n o t i f y us w h e n you have a
c h a n g e in t h e g r e e n c o m m i t t e e ?
We
like to keep our r e c o r d s s t r a i g h t . . . .
F r o m this angle, we believe t h a t a club
has a c e r t a i n m o r a l responsibility to its
employees, a t least to t h o s e who a r e doing t h e i r job well. . . . I t should n o t fire
a n y such employee b e c a u s e of a s u d d e n
c h a n g e of c o m m i t t e e , or b e c a u s e of a n y
f a n c i e d whim of a f e w m e m b e r s in
p o w e r . . . . W h e t h e r you call him a
g r e e n k e e p e r or a golf course s u p e r i n t e n d e n t , t h e w o r k in his c h a r g e is too
i m p o r t a n t to i n t r u s t to a n y house m a n a g e r or p r o with no e x p e r i e n c e or t r a i n ing f o r t h e w o r k . . . . T h e F a l l is a fine
t i m e to m a k e sure t h a t y o u r d r a i n a g e
lines a r e w o r k i n g p r o p e r l y , a n d to m a k e
c o r r e c t i o n s w h e r e n e e d e d . . . . H a v e you
n o t e d t h e r e c e n t price j u m p s in m e r c u r y
compounds?
We'd
better
have
no
b r o w n - p a t c h n e x t y e a r , or we'll all be
broke! . . . We haven't heard much about
t h e activities of t h e M. G. A. Service
Section C o m m i t t e e this season, is it
alive? . . . H o w a b o u t some n e w s f o r t h e
next N E W S L E T T E R ? . . .
OCTOBER

MEETING

T h e r e g u l a r m o n t h l y m e e t i n g was held
on t h e 2nd a t t h e Riverside Golf Club,
W e s t o n , Mass. D u e to cold and w e t
w e a t h e r a smaller crowd t h a n u s u a l
was present.
The greenkeeper - green
committee
chairman
tournament
w a s won
by
Simeone Braio and H e n r y Doyle of W a c h u s e t t w i t h n e t b e s t ball of 63. Second
n e t w e n t to F r a n k Wilson a n d R i c h a r d
T e f f t with n e t score of 68.
P r i z e s in m e d a l t o u r n a m e n t f o r g r e e n keepers without partners were won by
following:
A. J. S p e r a n d i o , 83-13-70.
E d w i n H a n s e n , 91-20-71.
N. J. S p e r a n d i o , 81-10-71.
Sam Mitchell, 97-26-71.
W e r e g r e t to a n n o u n c e t h e d e a t h
of our f e l l o w m e m b e r , Denis Crowley, on October 3rd.
Denis had
b e e n g r e e n k e e p e r at t h e Wollaston
Golf Club f o r t h e p a s t 18 years,
a n d b e f o r e t h a t five y e a r s a t T a t n u c k and nine y e a r s a t N o r t h
A d a m s . His widow a n d two sons
survive.
A fine g e n t l e m a n , always a h e l p f u l
associate, his p a s s i n g on is a distinct
loss to us all.

FROM THE
GROUND—UP
T h e Road to Recognition

^ ^

Jim came with me, and to this day,
I have n o t f o u n d a b e t t e r m a n t h a n he,
in golf course g r a d i n g . I g o t to k n o w
him quite well in t h e n e x t f e w m o n t h s .
b y C . K . BRADLEY
The m e n all liked h i m — a n a t u r a l l e a d e r
P a t e r s o n , N. J .
— a n d I calculated some day h e ' d be in
T h e s u b j e c t of G r e e n k e e p i n g Recog- c h a r g e of a job of his own. H e w a s
born in a m i n i n g t o w n — p a r e n t s of two
nition, Dave, s t a r t s a t r a i n of t h o u g h t
d i f f e r e n t nationalities. His f a t h e r w a s
b a c k to 1924. I finished b r e a k i n g in a
m a n on a r e m o d e l j o b on L o n g Island, killed in a mine accident, and his m o t h e r
died f r o m an a i l m e n t a f e w y e a r s l a t e r .
a n d r e j o i n e d t h e boys a t the L e d g e m o n t
course in N e w E n g l a n d . In those days, Alone in t h e world, he s h i f t e d a b o u t ,
r o a d building, rigging, any w o r k so l o n g
we fellows would f o l l o w t h e line of
c o n s t r u c t i o n jobs, and t h e r e w e r e p l e n t y as it w a s a job. M a r r i e d a t t w e n t y , a n d
of t h e m . It s o r t of got in t h e blood, a t t h e t i m e we m e t was twenty-five
Dave, we w e r e young, a n d f o o t loose. y e a r s o l d — a l r e a d y on t h e w a y to' havA r r i v i n g a t L e d g e m o n t , I f o u n d Bill ing a l a r g e old f a s h i o n e d f a m i l y .
K e e n a n f r o m t h e Ten Mile River course,
Avid r e a d e r , this J i m m i e .
During
P a u l S t e i n b a r n f r o m P h i l m o n t down in lunch he'd be absorbed in t h e S a t u r d a y
P e n n s y , and F r a n k B r a d y , f o r m e r t i m e - E v e n i n g Post, R e a d e r s Digest, m e c h a n k e e p e r a t t h e f a m o u s Dixie l a y o u t in ics, and invention m a g a z i n e s — a n y t h i n g
Canada.
t h a t could t e a c h him s o m e t h i n g — w h i l e
MacDonald w a s doing t h e r o u g h con- t h e other m e n swapped stories unfit f o r a
s t r u c t i o n , w i t h Charlie Whipple
in m i n i s t e r ' s son to h e a r — y o u k n o w t h e
charge, Bill and P a u l a s f o r e m e n , and
kind. We had i n t e r e s t s in common. I
F r a n k t h e usual pencil work. My pals w a s a restless s c r a p p y kid in school,
p u t in a word f o r me, so t h e club hired
had all t h e chances b u t did n o t t a k e
m e to build t h e g r e e n s , tees and t r a p s , a d v a n t a g e of t h e m , a n d now, w a s studydo t h e seeding and clean-up work, and
ing to t r y and m a k e u p f o r lost and
g e t t h e course r e a d y f o r m a i n t e n a n c e . w a s t e d time. J i m d u b b e d me " K i n g
Bill w a s f o r e m a n over t h e c l e a r i n g gang, P i n " , b e i n g t h a t I w a s l a n k y a n d s k i n n y
and as he was t h r o u g h b l a s t i n g o u t — a n d f o r o t h e r r e a s o n s — b u t t h a t ' s ans t u m p s and rocks, t u r n e d " J i m m i e " , his o t h e r story, Dave.
t a f f y - h a n d l e r over to P a u l who was t e n d W h e n we pulled u p stakes a n d w e n t
ing t h e d r a i n a g e .
t o t h e j o b n e a r Bloomfield, J i m c a m e
To t h e w o r k m e n , J i m m i e had a along, a n d sent f o r his f a m i l y l a t e r . W e
" c o m e - d o w n " f r o m d y n a m i t i n g to ditch fellows k e p t b a t c h e l o r s ' hall in t h e updigging. He did n o t seem to m i n d — i n
s t a i r s r o o m s of t h e f a r m bouse on t h e
f a c t he liked to dig in t h e dirt, even j o b — t h e
"pastafasula",
hard
white
t h o u g h t h e g a n g r i b b e d him, which he b r e a d a n d dago r e d on t h e m e n u a t t h e
t o o k with his r e a d y grin. Good b o t t o m commissary, did n o t a p p e a l to us. J i m
t o J i m ' s d i t c h e s — h e ' d cut r i g h t to t h e
installed his t r i b e in t h e r o o m s below us.
g r a d e , with no refill, and possible tile
I once r e m a r k e d to J i m ' s missus,
s e t t l i n g later. I m a d e a m e n t a l n o t e of t h a t he w a s a g r e a t r e a d e r . " Y o u d o n ' t
t h i s — w o u l d like to use J i m l a t e r to k n o w the half of it", she said, " H e r e a d s
cover t h e stone base, when we w e r e
at t h e s u p p e r t a b l e , and even in t h e
r e a d y f o r p l a c i n g soil.
b a t h r o o m — i m p r o v e s his mind while he
One lunch h o u r , t h e ditch g a n g ribbed fills his b e l l y — o r relieves his bowels".
J i m m i e f o r his " a r t i s t i c w o r k " .
H e Well, t h a t was my h a b i t t o o — n o t h i n g
l a u g h e d this off with, "If my w o r k and else to do, no place to go, miles a w a y
living is d i g g i n g a ditch, it becomes an f r o m t o w n as we w e r e . I had a f e w
a r t of c a r v i n g t h e e a r t h — j u s t as m u c h books on soils and such, and some publias c u t t i n g stone, e n g r a v i n g m e t a l , or cations of t h e old C a r t e r outfit on g r e e n m o d e l i n g soap. Or if t h e a r t is p a i n t i n g keeping, so I loaned t h e m to Jim, t h i n k a picture, or p l a y i n g music, it can be ing t h e y m i g h t be o f i n t e r e s t . I guessed
done only one r i g h t way, if w h o e v e r is r i g h t . N e x t t i m e he g o t a chance to g o
doing it w a n t s to g e t a n y s a t i s f a c t i o n to the m a i n town, he joined t h e l i b r a r y ,
of his time s p e n t in this l i f e . "
a n d came back with books on g a r d e n W o w ! — T h e longest speech t h e m a n ing, b o t a n y , a n d f e r t i l i z e r s .
has made, since I m e t him. T h a t settled
W i t h y o u n g m o u t h s to f e e d , and a
things, his philosophy caused me to b e g plot available f o r a g a r d e n , it was n o t
J i m m i e a w a y f r o m P a u l t h a t n i g h t w h e n long b e f o r e he had v e g e t a b l e s growing.
we got back to t h e b o a r d i n g house.
H e c e r t a i n l y l e a r n e d t h i n g s f r o m those

b o o k s — j u d g i n g f r o m t h e b u m p e r crops
his g a r d e n yielded. H e also had this
p r o v e r b i a l " g r e e n f i n g e r " of g a r d e n e r s
— t h e house soon had flowers g r o w i n g
a r o u n d i t — a n d some s h r u b s he p l a n t e d
t h e n a r e still t h e r e t o - d a y — a r o u n d w h a t
is now t h e club house.
W h e n c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k w a s finished,
and w i n t e r set in, J i m m i e moved his
f a m i l y to F l o r i d a , to a job t h a t Carl A.
was l a y i n g out. T h a t was t h e last I
s a w of J i m f o r a n u m b e r of y e a r s .
— D a v e , help yourself to those cigare t t e s on t h e table, a n d please toss one
over t o m e . —
I spent my time knocking around,
t r e e s u r g e r y , l a n d s c a p e g a r d e n i n g , going to sea in the w i n t e r , b e t w e e n cons t r u c t i o n jobs. Block's p r i v a t e course in
P o r t c h e s t e r , t h e Shore Club, Hillsgrove,
t h e S t a t e A i r p o r t seeding job, course
contract maintenance—and the market
crash t h a t took m e to t h e cleaners.
N e w j o b s w e r e n o t as n u m e r o u s as t h e y
used to be. I saw t h e h a n d w r i t i n g on
t h e wall, and since I w a s b u i l d i n g a
course in N e w York State, decided to
t a k e in a couple of t e r m s of Mass. S t a t e
W i n t e r School, and g r a d u a l l y t a k e root.
One can g e t a r o u n d quite a bit in half
a dozen y e a r s — D a v e .
Bill K e n n o n had settled d o w n — g o t a
j o b as a civil e n g i n e e r , w i t h t h e Big
Town, P a u l w e n t with a building cont r a c t o r r e m o d e l i n g f a c t o r i e s and t h e
like, and F r a n k B r a d y w e n t into t h e
lawn s u p p l y business. I w a s t h e kid of
t h e bunch, a n d m y w i f e was b e g i n n i n g
to w o n d e r when we w e r e going to
settle down too, and I cease living out
of a s t e a m e r t r u n k . I w o n d e r e d w h a t
b e c a m e of J i m m i e ?
One blazing h o t day, a t t h e Newb u r g h job, finds m e busy snake-holing
out r o c k s f r o m t h e n i n t h f a i r w a y . Dyna m i t e used to n o t e f f e c t me, b u t this
day I've got one terrific h e a d a c h e —
c a n ' t w o r k with gloves, a n d begin to
t h i n k I ' m g e t t i n g s o f t and sissy. I lit a
c i g a r e t t e t o shoot off t h e string, a n d
w a s a b o u t to yell " f i r e " , w h e n I saw
a car pull in down b y t h e t r a c t o r shed.
"Just another salesman", I thought—
p l e n t y of t h e m these days, depression
you know, a n d t h e y g o t to be s o m e w h a t
of a n u i s a n c e .
The driver stepped out of t h e car,
s p o t t e d me, and s t a r t e d t r o t t i n g u p t h e
hill. N e v e r saw a s a l e s m a n r u n a f t e r
seed business yet, so stopped t o g a p e
a t t h e sight. W h e n he g o t n e a r e r , lo
and behold, I saw it w a s J i m m i e !

I p r e p a r e d to tell him t h e best I
could offer w a s fifty cents an h o u r . W e
shook hands, slapped each o t h e r on t h e
back, t h e n stood off to look each o t h e r
over. Me, with a h e a d a c h e , a n d covered
with g r i m e . J i m w a s all dressed up,
shoes s h i n e d — a n d oh m y g o s h — e v e n
his finger nails c l e a n ! H e had h e a r d
t h e r e w a s a c o n s t r u c t i o n j o b over t h i s
way, and a sassy-scrawny g u y in c h a r g e
t h a t fitted m y description, so he drove
over to i n v e s t i g a t e .
H e said he too w a s working, " H a v e
a fine job, m y business is to serve t h e
best f o l k s in t o w n with an essential
luxury-commodity".
Prohibition
was
still in effect at t h e time, so I winked,
a n d asked him if he m a d e his liquor in
t h e b a t h t u b , or g o t it off t h e boats? H e
laughed at this, a n d advised me he w a s
n o t a b o o t l e g g e r , b u t in t h e g r e e n k e e p ing b u s i n e s s — 1 8 hole p r i v a t e course
p a y i n g $250 a m o n t h , with house, light,
h e a t and car o p e r a t i n g costs included.
I set off t h e charges, p u t t h e g a n g to
c l e a n i n g u p t h e stones, a n d showed J i m
a r o u n d . H e l e f t w i t h m y promise to
come east and visit him soon. S h o r t l y
a f t e r , we had a couple of days h e a v y
r a i n — l e f t t h e g r o u n d a sea of m u d , so
I shut down o p e r a t i o n s , and h e a d e d f o r
J i m ' s course.
A r r i v i n g a t t h e clubhouse, I i n q u i r e d
as to t h e w h e r e a b o u t s of " J i m m i e t h e
greenkeeper".
I w a s directed to t h e
" m a i n t e n a n c e h e a d q u a r t e r s " t o seek Mr.
W — " t h e golf course s u p e r i n t e n d e n t
who had c h a r g e of t h e g r e e n k e e p e r s " .
P a s s i n g t h e first tee, I noticed a n e a t
sign w o r d e d to t h e e f f e c t t h a t V. J . W.
w a s t h e s u p e r i n t e n d e n t of golf course
m a i n t e n a n c e , t h a t c o m m e n t s on t h e
course condition b y p l a y e r s were welc o m e — a n d please deposit same in t h e
box u n d e r t h e sign.
W h e n I go on a n o t h e r course, I look
it over in t h e same m a n n e r a m a n comp a r e s a n o t h e r w o m a n to his w i f e — i f
you g e t me. E v i d e n t l y , J i m was listening to m y ideas, expressed b a c k in
Bloomfield days. N e a t n e s s a n d precision
in m a i n t e n a n c e w a s m y first impression
of his course. F a i r w a y s had good t u r f ,
g r e e n s t h e kind one wished f o r , workm e n all w e a r i n g t h e same color, and n e a t
w o r k clothes—all busy doing s o m e t h i n g
with a definite o b j e c t in m i n d — n o lost
motion, or f e n a g l i n g a r o u n d . I circled
t h e b a r n t h a t w a s tidy all a b o u t . Inside, t h i n g s w e r e p u t a w a y in order. A
large p l a t e a u of m u c k w a s u n d e r differe n t s t a g e s of cultivation, p a r t of it in
v e g e t a b l e crops, t h a t I l e a r n e d l a t e r

THE

FAST

- ECONOMICAL

- ACCURATE W A Y

Keep Mowers

SHAH P
with this
CARPENTER
MOWER

SHARPENER

No skill r e q u i r e d t o s h a r p e n
e i t h e r p o w e r or h a n d l a w n 1
m o w e r s w i t h this m a c h i n e ; its
"
*
straight-line g r i n d i n g assures precision c o n t a c t of cutting b l a d e s .
G r i n d s b o t t o m k n i f e a n d reel b l a d e s on a n y m o w e r , including l a r g e
p o w e r a n d t r a c t o r - d r a w n units u p to 3 6 " . No a t t a c h m e n t s t o p u t on
or t a k e off.
Write

today for descriptive literature and prices.

NARRAGANSETT

45

B A K E R

STREi

PRODUCTS

were jointly shared b y t h e club house
kitchen, J i m ' s a n d t h e g r e e n s m e n ' s
families.
I e n t e r e d J i m ' s office to find h i m
t h e r e , amidst his telephone, t y p e w r i t e r ,
record f o r m s , file cabinets, and r e f e r ence books. H i s files contained copies
of " G o l f d o m " , commercial circulars, repair p a r t s lists, m a i n t e n a n c e records, a n d
costs, all indexed f o r quick access. I
complimented J i m on his thoroughness,
and g o t t h e lown-down on how h e obtained t h e j o b a n d w h a t he m a d e of i t
u n d e r depression conditions
(to

be continued

in a n early

issue)

Gene Mauro h a s r e c e n t l y completed
rebuilding t h e 6th g r e e n a t F r a m i n g h a m ,
resodding with some of t h e old sod and
the rest f r o m his nursery. This sod is of
mixed bent. Plans call f o r rebuilding of
other greens a s time permits.

W a c h u s e t t now h a s a n e w t e e on t h e
4th hole, m a k i n g t h e hole some t w e n t y
yards longer. Simeone Braio also r e ports t h a t his club is planning a n extensive W i n t e r p r o g r a m this coming season.

CORP.

P R O V I D E N C E .

(31 ee

n

R . I.

^

You n a t u r a l l y w a n t to get the
most v a l u e f o r your s e e d d o l l a r .
(That a l w a y s g o e s over b i g with t h e
I committee.) A t the s a m e time, h o w i ever, y o u w a n t to b e certain o f u s i n g
the s e e d best a d a p t e d t o y o u r soil
conditions. T h a t ' s w h y w e tip y o u
off to d e p e n d o n W o o d r u f f . T h e i r
e x p e r i e n c e i s u n e q u a l l e d w h e n it
comes to g r a s s e s n a t i v e i n this section
of N e w E n g l a n d . S i m p l y write a n d
i put y o u r p r o b l e m s u p to us.
I Distributed

GRASS

by New England

SEED

Toro Co.

DIVISION

h.WOORUFF
ITI:":: :::";::::':

T H E SIGN OF

AND
SONS
INC.
T O L E D O . OHIO

C
COOL
OCO

SSEEEEDDSS

M

GRASS FOR THE GOLFER
Dr. A. E. V. R i c h a r d s o n
Council for Scientific a n d I n d u s t r i a l R e s e a r c h
(Reprint from the Australian Greenkeeper)

The most competent grassland f a r m e r
m i g h t t h e r e f o r e m a k e a bad g r e e n k e e p er unless he changed his outlook a n d
technique towards grassland production.
I t is not t h a t t h e principles u n d e r l y i n g
p r o d u c t i o n of g r a s s a r e d i f f e r e n t on t h e
f a r m and on t h e golf course, b u t r a t h e r
t h a t t h e t i m s and t e c h n i q u e of p r o d u c tion a r e u t t e r l y d i f f e r e n t . Official g r a s s land r e s e a r c h h a s necessarily
been
directed to t h e t e c h n i q u e of economic
p r o d u c t i o n of g r a s s on t h e f a r m , a n d
only r e c e n t l y has a t t e n t i o n b e e n devoted
to t h e t e c h n i q u e of p r o d u c i n g g r a s s f o r
golfers.

T h e p r o d u c t i o n of g r a s s is a serious
business, b o t h f o r t h e grass-land f a r m e r
and also f o r t h e golf g r e e n k e e p e r . T h e
aims and t e c h n i q u e of p r o d u c t i o n of
each a r e e n t i r e l y d i f f e r e n t .
T h e g r a s s l a n d f a r m e r e n d e a v o u r s to
p r o d u c e on a given a r e a of land, a t a
reasonable expenditure, the maximum
Much a t t e n t i o n h a s been given d u r i n g
a m o u n t of n u t r i t i o u s h e r b a g e f o r his
t h e p a s t decade in U.S.A. and G r e a t ^R»
g r a z i n g animals. H e achieves this end
by g r o w i n g a mixed p e r e n n i a l p a s t u r e B r i t a i n to t h e i m p o r t a n c e of scientific
r e s e a r c h on g r a s s p r o d u c t i o n on golf
composed of g r a s s e s and clovers, a n d
allowing this associated m i x t u r e to de- courses, with t h e o b j e c t of solving t h e
It
velop to a g r o w t h stage a t which it can m a n y i n t r i c a t e p r o b l e m s involved.
be used profitably by the g r a z i n g ani- must, however, be r e m e m b e r e d t h a t t h e
mal. Yield or bulk of h e r b a g e a n d nu- climatic conditions of A u s t r a l i a a r e subt r i t i o n a l value and p a l a t a b i l i t y a t t h e s t a n t i a l l y d i f f e r e n t f r o m those of E n g lowest cost f o r f e r t i l i z e r s and m a n a g e - land, t h e e a s t e r n p o r t i o n s of t h e U n i t e d
m e n t a r e t h e r e f o r e his m a j o r objectives. States, or even of New Zealand, a n d
S u p e r p h o s p h a t e a n d clover a r e essential m o r e o v e r t h a t t h e soils a r e widely differf o r i m p l e m e n t i n g his policy, f o r p a s t u r e ent. The p r a c t i c e s a d o p t e d in t h e s e
could
not,
therefore,
be
c a n n o t be p e r m a n e n t l y p r o d u c t i v e with- c o u n t r i e s
o u t clover, a n d clover c a n n o t be main- a d o p t e d w i t h o u t s u b s t a n t i a l modification in A u s t r a l i a , and f o r these r e a s o n s
tained without superphosphate.
Clover is e s s e n t ' a l because t h e s e p l a n t s r e s e a r c h w o r k is essential to provide a
g a t h e r n i t r o g e n f r o m t h e air t h r o u g h sound basis f o r A u s t r a l i a n g r e e n k e e p t h e nodules on the r o o t system, and t h e ing p r a c t i c e .
T h e Victorian Golf Association h a s
n i t r o g e n so supplied g r e a t l y s t i m u l a t e s
t a k e n t h e initial step in i n a u g u r a t i n g
t h e g r o w t h of grass.
The e n h a n c e d
t e s t plots on t h e Riversdale Golf Links,
g r o w t h of clover, t h r o u g h t h e use of
s u p e r p h o s p h a t e , r e s u l t s in
increased and investigational work of such a
n a t u r e is essential to an u n d e r s t a n d i n g
n i t r o g e n fixation a n d increased yields of
of t h e p r o b l e m s involved in m a i n t a i n i n g
grass.
T h e golf g r e e n k e e p e r is n o t in t h e golf courses in an efficient condition.
least concerned with such c o n s i d e r a t i o n s C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f G o l f C o u r s e P r o b l e m s
as yield a n d bulk of h e r b a g e , balance
The m a j o r p r o b l e m s on golf courses
of clovers a n d grasses, p a l a t a b i l i t y a n d m a y be classified as f o l l o w s :
^
n u t r i t i v e value of t h e h e r b a g e .
His
1. T h e choice of t h e m o s t a p p r o p r i a t e
c l i e n t s — t h e g o l f e r s — i n s i s t on an ideal species a n d s t r a i n s of g r a s s f o r use on
putting- t u r f , playable f o r 365 days in f a i r w a y s and on p u t t i n g g r e e n s .
t h e y e a r , r e s i s t a n t to w e a r , and f r e e
2. T h e m a i n t e n a n c e , by t h e use of
f r o m weeds. T h e y w a n t a short, dense a p p r o p r i a t e f e r t i l i z e r s , of a s t a n d a r d of
m a t of g r a s s which will provide a uni- f e r t i l i t y , p a r t i c u l a r l y on p u t t i n g g r e e n s ,
f o r m l y even and smooth s u r f a c e to hold t h a t will m a i n t a i n t h e selected g r a s s e s
t h e ball on its w a y to t h e hole. The in p e r f e c t ecological balance.
g r e e n k e e p e r aims a t s e c u r i n g a p u t t i n g
3. T h e control of weed competition
g r e e n composed e n t i r e l y of a single and of clovers, especially on p u t t i n g
g r a s s species, or a t most two species of g r e e n s , a n d t h e m a i n t e n a n c e of a weedsimilar h a b i t and t e x t u r e , and in main- f r e e , d i s e a s e - f r e e t u r f .
t a i n i n g t h e t u r f p e r e n n i a l l y g r e e n , close
W i t h r e s p e c t to g r a s s species, couch
cropped a n d f r e e f r o m clovers a n d g r a s s ( C y n o d o n d a c t y l o n ) is used alweeds. To achieve this objective, he most exclusively on f a i r w a y s , and in
m u s t m a i n t a i n t h e g r e e n a t a s t a n d a r d m a n y localities it m u s t be used as a
of f e r t i l i t y and a t a m o i s t u r e level t h a t basis f o r p u t t i n g g r e e n s . It is h a r d y ,
would be u n a t t a i n a b l e on a g r a s s l a n d
easily established, and t h e cost of m a i n f a r m r u n f o r p u r p o s e s of profit.
t e n a n c e is low. It is, however, p u r e l y a

1. E f f e c t i v e in b o t h p r e v e n t i o n a n d c u r e of l a r g e
b r o w n p a t c h a n d dollar spot, e v e n u n d e r a d v e r s e
conditions.
2. Does n o t b u r n , " t h i n " o r o t h e r w i s e i n j u r e t h e
turf when used a t recommended strength.
3. Gives g r e a t e r c o v e r a g e — o n e p o u n d t r e a t s

s q u a r e f e e t of t u r f
as $1.23.

6,000
( a v e r a g e g r e e n ) f o r as little

«

S

PECIAL

EMESAN

®olf

4. E a s i l y a p p l i e d i n w a t e r s o l u t i o n o r d r y with
c o m p o s t . No d a m a g e t o s p r a y e r s .
5. F e w e r
labor.

applications

required—saves

6. C o n t a i n s t w o o r g a n i c m e r c u r i e s
longer-lasting p r o t e c t i o n .
5 lbs. if7.00

¿awn Turf»

needless

f o r quick,

2 5 lbs. $33.00

100 lbs. $ 1 2 2 . 8 5

BRECK'S
•—Seedsmen

Since

1818—

85 State Street—Boston, Mass.

USED GOLF BALLS W A N T E D

WINTER

HARDY—ACCLIMATED
RHODE

— H i g h e s t Prices P a i d —

ISLAND

CREEPING

Check mailed within 4 8 hours
a f t e r balls a r e r e c e i v e d .
*

*

*

*

K n o w n t o t h e t r a d e f o r 15 y e a r s .
G e t o u r p r i c e s b e f o r e selling.
*

*

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*

E a s t e r n Golf Co.
244 WEST 42nd STREET
New York, N. Y.

When

writing

or ordering

our advertisers,
mention
NE

WS LE

please
the
TIER

from

VELVET

B

E

N

T

GRASS
SEED
and Fairway Mixtures
of h i g h e s t q u a l i t y f o r lowest price t h a t
s e e d of e q u a l q u a l i t y c a n b e o f f e r e d .
NATURE HAS WRITTEN A PRESCRIPTION f o r your course.
Right
h e r e in s o u t h e r n N e w E n g l a n d i s t h e
n a t u r a l h o m e of t h e e n t i r e f a m i l y of
the Bent grasses, the principal member
of w h i c h , n a m e l y R . I. B e n t , d e r i v e d
its n a m e f r o m this, t h e s m a l l e s t s t a t e
in t h e u n i o n .
You c a n g r o w l ^ A T U R E ' S O W N I N S U R A N C E into your turf
by using
F R E S H , VIABIJE seed w h i c h g r o w s in
YOUR latitude in YOUR country.
SAVE f o r your club: Buy
direct from the grower.

your

seed

A. N. PECKHAM
KINGSTON

RHODE

ISLAND

s u m m e r g r o w e r , a n d is a t its w o r s t d u r ing a l a r g e p o r t i o n of t h e golfing season. T h e r e a r e m a n y s t r a i n s of couch
g r a s s of widely d i f f e r e n t types, v a r y i n g
f r o m coarse-leaved t y p e s to those with
a leaf a l m o s t as fine as f e s c u e . A g r e a t
v a r i a t i o n exists, too, in t h e
growth
period of strains, a n d t h e r e is a g r e a t
o p p o r t u n i t y f o r isolating a n d p r o p a g a t ing p u r e s t r a i n s of couch f o r widely
d i f f e r e n t h a b i t a t s a n d uses.
The m o s t s a t i s f a c t o r y g r a s s e s f o r
p u t t i n g g r e e n s a r e B e n t ( A g r o s t i s ) and
I^escue ( F e s t u c a ) species.
Formerly,
g r e e n s w e r e usually sown w i t h a mixt u r e of b e n t and f e s c u e , b u t t u r f composed of a single species is b e c o m i n g
increasingly p o p u l a r . M a n y species of
b e n t g r a s s e s have been used f o r p u t t i n g
greens,
e. g.,
Brown-top
(Agrostis
t e n u i s ) , of which t h e r e a r e m a n y strains,
including t h e N e w Zealand, Rhode Island, and several V i c t o r i a n n a t u r a l i z e d
types; the true creeping bent (Agrostis
s t o l o n i f e r a ) , i n c l u d i n g cocoos, S y d n e y
or A l b e r t P a r k b e n t , and t h e v a r i o u s
A m e r i c a n s t r a i n s ; velvet b e n t ( A g r o s t i s
c a n i n a ) f o r m i n g v e r y dense t u r f of fineleaved grass.
C e r t a i n of t h e f e s c u e s , e. g., Chewings, are of p a r t i c u l a r value f o r p u t t i n g
greens. Like brown-top, Chewings f e s c u e
f o r m s a dense m a t of fine t e x t u r e and is
persistent.
B r o w n - t o p and Chewing's
f e s c u e , by t h e i r h a b i t of g r o w t h , blend
well t o g e t h e r a n d m a k e a n a l m o s t ideal
turf.
B r o w n - t o p , however, n e e d s a
higher fertility standard and thrives
u n d e r m o i s t e r conditions t h a n f e s c u e ,
and it is t h e r e f o r e m o r e difficult to maint a i n a m i x t u r e of t h e s e grasses in p e r f e c t condition t h a n either of
them
s e p a r a t e l y . In a mixed g r a s s lawn of
b r o w n - t o p and f e s c u e , the g r e e n k e e p e r
m u s t aim a t m a i n t a i n i n g t h e f e r t i l i t y
s t a n d a r d and t h e soil m o i s t u r e s t a n d a r d
a t a sufficiently high level to p e r m i t
both of these g r a s s e s to m a k e a b a l a n c e d
g r o w t h w i t h o u t d o m i n a n c e of
either
species. If t h e f e r t i l i t y s t a n d a r d is too
low or t h e t u r f receives insufficient
m o i s t u r e , t h e t e n d e n c y will be f o r t h e
f e s c u e to become d o m i n a n t , whilst a
high f e r t i l i t y s t a n d a r d leads t o - t h e domin a n c e of brown^patch.
Appropriate

Fertilizers

T h e m a i n t e n a n c e , b y t h e use of app r o p r i a t e fertilizers," of high s t a n d a r d s
of f e r t i l i t y , is one of t h e o u t s t a n d i n g
p r o b l e m s in t h e m a i n t e n a n c e of golf
g r e e n s . N i t r o g e n in large q u a n t i t i e s is
t h e most essential f e r t i l i z e r . It m u s t be

applied a t a r a t e p e r a c r e t h a t would
bankrupt a grassland farmer. There are
m a n y f o r m s in which n i t r o g e n m a y be
a p p l i e d — s u l p h a t e of a m m o n i a , n i t r a t e
of soda, blood m a n u r e , nitrochalk, etc.
E a c h has its own p e c u l i a r value and results, a n d t h e f o r m to use d e p e n d s on
t h e p u r p o s e f o r which it is applied. T h e
g r e e n , however, m a y be m a d e or m a r r e d
b y t h e f o r m in which n i t r o g e n is applied.
S u l p h a t e of a m m o n i a is u n q u e s t i o n ably t h e m o s t u s e f u l all-round f o r m of
n i t r o g e n on golf g r e e n s . Applied in a d e q u a t e q u a n t i t i e s a t sufficiently f r e q u e n t
i n t e r v a l s on a good t u r f of b r o w n - t o p
or b r o w n - t o p and f e s c u e , especially w i t h
an occasional dressing of s u l p h a t e of
iron, it gives a c o n t i n u o u s l y g r e e n ,
weed-free, worm-free turf, whereas the
application of e q u i v a l e n t q u a n t i t i e s of
n i t r o g e n in t h e f o r m of n i t r a t e of soda,
a m m o n i u m p h o s p h a t e , or n i t r o c h a l k ,
m a y give quite d i f f e r e n t r e s u l t s . We
n e e d n o t h e r e consider t h e scientific
r e a s o n s f o r this, beyond observing t h a t
t h e c o n t i n u e d application of sulphate of
a m m o n i a leads to an i n c r e a s e in t h e
" a c i d i t y " or t h e hydrogen-ion concent r a t i o n of t h e soil.
T h i s — a g a i n in
m a r k e d c o n t r a s t to f a r m i n g p r a c t i c e —
is an a d v a n t a g e f o r golf g r e e n s , as it
t e n d s to confine t h e h e r b a g e exclusively
to g r a m i n e o u s species, to improve t h e
grass, and r e d u c e t h e weed c o n t e n t .
W e e d invasion is a p p a r e n t l y inhibited
u n d e r acid soil conditions.
Q u a n t i t i e s of s u l p h a t e of a m m n n i a
a p p r o x i m a t i n g 3 cwt. p e r acre p e r ann u m (or a p p r o x i m a t e l y V2 oz. p e r sq.
y a r d e v e r y two m o n t h s ) , is t h e m i n i m u m
q u a n t i t y t h a t should be applied on
brown-top
or
b r o w n - top - Chewing's
f e s c u e greens. An occasional d r e s s i n g
with a s u p p l e m e n t of s u l p h a t e of iron,
applied a t t h e r a t e of 1 cwt. p e r acre
p e r a n n u m in two or t h r e e applications,
improves t h e g r e e n colour of t h e grass,
r e d u c e s f u n g u s diseases, kills clover,
and r e d u c e s t h e weed c o n t e n t of t h e
greens.
Loss of P l a n t

Nutrients

W i t h t h e r e g u l a r and f r e q u e n t mowi n g of fine t u r f t h e r e is a s u b s t a n t i a l
loss of all p l a n t n u t r i e n t s . If t h e clippings can be conserved and r e t u r n e d to
t h e t u r f in t h e f o r m of a suitable compost, t h e p h o s p h o r o u s and p o t a s h will be
r e t u r n e d in t h e p r o p o r t i o n s n e e d e d b y
t h e grass. A p o r t i o n of t h e n i t r o g e n
m a y be r e t u r n e d , t h o u g h
substantial
losses a r e inevitable u n d e r a n y s y s t e m

—

A

of p r e p a r i n g c o m p o s t . G r a s s clippings
m i x e d w i t h f r i a b l e l o a m a n d allowed t o
s t a n d in a s t a c k u n t i l well r o t t e d m a k e
a valuable material for treating greens.
E x p e r i e n c e t e n d s t o show t h a t lime is
n e i t h e r n e c e s s a r y n o r a d v a n t a g e o u s on
golf g r e e n s , e v e n a s a m e a n s of c o r r e c t i n g high a c i d i t y of t h e soil. T h e position
in r e g a r d t o p h o s p h a t e s r e q u i r e s investig a t i o n . On t h e f a r m , soluble p h o s p h a t e s
a r e i n d i s p e n s a b l e a n d f u n d a m e n t a l as a
m e a n s of r a i s i n g f e r t i l i t y . On t h e exp e r i m e n t a l a r e a s a t R i v e r s d a l e Golf
Links, h e a v y a p p l i c a t i o n s of g r o u n d r o c k
p h o s p h a t e h a v e g i v e n t u r f of a t t r a c t i v e
a p p e a r a n c e a n d colour e q u a l t o a n y t u r f
on t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l a r e a .
O n e s t r i k i n g f e a t u r e of e x p e r i m e n t a l
w o r k c a r r i e d o u t on t u r f is t h a t m a n y
e f f e c t s of t r e a t m e n t , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e e f f e c t s of m a n u r e s , c a n n o t be o b s e r v e d in
one year, b u t require several seasons
b e f o r e either the f u l l benefits or the
d i s a d v a n t a g e s of specific t r e a t m e n t s become apparent.
The Weed

^ ^

Problem

T h e d e s t r u c t i o n of w e e d p o p u l a t i o n
a n d clover on p u t t i n g g r e e n s is a p r o b l e m of i m p o r t a n c e on golf g r e e n s , b u t
t h i s , as s h o w n a b o v e , is l a r g e l y a m a t t e r
of m a n u r i n g a n d m a n a g e m e n t .
T h e d e s t r u c t i o n of w e e d s on f a i r w a y s
is of c o n s i d e r a b l e i m p o r t a n c e on m a n y
golf c o u r s e s . R e c e n t l y t h e w h o l e of t h e
f a i r w a y s of t w o e x c e l l e n t h o l e s a t one
of t h e golf links in t h e m e t r o p o l i t a n
a r e a h a d t o be p l o u g h e d u p , p l a n t e d
w i t h couch a n d b e n t stolons, a n d p u t
o u t of a c t i o n f o r a s u b s t a n t i a l p e r i o d t o
eradicate Plantago.
T h e r e a r e s e v e r a l m e t h o d s of c o n t r o l ling t h e w e e d p o p u l a t i o n on f a i r w a y s ,
a n d p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e t y p e s of w e e d s such
a s P l a n t a g o , H y p o c h a e r i s , etc., w i t h a
r o s e t t e of l e a v e s closely a d d r e s s e d t o

t h e soil. O n e l a b o r i o u s m e t h o d is t h e
m e c h a n i c a l r e m o v a l of such w e e d s w i t h
hoes and other hand implements. Ano t h e r m e t h o d is t h e " s p o t t i n g " of t h e s e
w e e d s w i t h i n d i v i d u a l doses of w e e d i cides. A m o r e p r o m i s i n g m e t h o d is t h e
use of a w e e d i c i d e s p r a y , t h e s t r e n g t h
a n d c o n c e n t r a t i o n of which w a s so adj u s t e d t h a t it w o u l d kill such r o s e t t e
weeds without materially i n j u r i n g the
m o r e r e s i s t a n t g r a m i n e o u s p l a n t s such
as couch, w h i c h f o r m s t h e basis of t h e
fairway.
T h i s m e t h o d of c o n t r o l l i n g w e e d s h a s
b e e n u s e d w i t h s u c c e s s on e x p e r i m e n t a l
p a s t u r e p l o t s in A d e l a i d e .
Oxalis or
"sour-sob," f o r example, and capeweed,
are particularly susceptible to sodium
c h l o r a t e s o l u t i o n a t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of
| J % t o 3 9i), w h e r e a s t h e shiny, s m o o t h
l e a v e s of p e r e n n i a l r y e - g r a s s a r e p r a c t i cally u n a f f e c t e d b y such a c o n c e n t r a t i o n . H e n c e a l a r g e m e a s u r e of c o n t r o l
of sour-sob or c a p e w e e d m a y be s e c u r e d
b y s e v e r a l s p r a y i n g s of s o d i u m c h l o r a t e
a t a c o n c e n t r a t i o n so a d j u s t e d a s t o
a d m i n i s t e r a s e v e r e check t o t h e s o u r sobs w i t h o u t a f f e c t i n g t h e r y e - g r a s s .
T h e possibility of a d j u s t i n g t h e conc e n t r a t i o n of a w e e d i c i d e e i t h e r t o kill
or to a d m i n i s t e r a s e v e r e check t o t h e
weed without seriously impairing the
g r a s s e s of t h e f a i r w a y — c o u c h or b e n t
— i s one which is w o r t h y of e x p l o i t a t i o n
b y golf e x p e r i m e n t a l i s t s .
I t m u s t be r e m e m b e r e d t h a t
one
species of P l a n t a g o — r i b g r a s s — w h i c h
c a u s e s so m u c h t r o u b l e on f a i r w a y s , h a s
a c t u a l l y b e e n sold b y seed m e r c h a n t s
as a p a s t u r e p l a n t . T h e v a r i o u s species
of P l a n t a g o s a n d H y p o c h a e r i s (or flat
w e e d ) , t h o u g h a n u i s a n c e on t h e f a i r w a y s , a r e n o t u n w e l c o m e in f a r m
pastures.
T h e g e n e r a l c o n d i t i o n of golf f a i r w a y s a t a n y g i v e n t i m e is a r e f l e x of t h e

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p a s t m a n a g e m e n t , i. e., m a n u r i n g , topdressing m e t h o d s , a n d t i m e s of c u t t i n g ,
w a t e r i n g , etc., which has b e e n applied
to such f a i r w a y s , and t h e sward is n e v e r
s t a t i c in c h a r a c t e r b u t m a r k e d l y d y n a mic and responsive to a m a r k e d d e g r e e
to s k i l f u l m a n a g e m e n t m e t h o d s .
T h e m a i n p u r p o s e of this brief a r t i c l e
is to s u g g e s t t h a t t h e r e is wide scope
f o r r e s e a r c h and i n v e s t i g a t i o n on t h e
best m e t h o d s of m a i n t e n a n c e and m a n a g e m e n t of golf g r e e n s and f a i r w a y s ,
t h e selection of t h e b e s t s t r a i n s of
grasses f o r greens and fairways, and
f o r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of m o r e effective
m e a n s of controlling u n d e s i r a b l e weeds,
and d e t e r m i n i n g t h e e x t e n t to which soil
f e r t i l i t y , species, a n d m a n a g e m e n t m a y
be h a r m o n i z e d and blended to p r o d u c e
an ideal e n v i r o n m e n t f o r t h e g o l f e r .
Parts

of a L e t t e r f r o m C. K. B r a d l e y ,
R e a d a t R. I. F i e l d D a y —

I w a s in hopes of b e i n g p r e s e n t on
this, t h e e l e v e n t h b i r t h d a y of t h e Rhode
Island G r e e n k e e p e r s ' Club. Ten y e a r s
ago, on this day, I had t h e h o n o r to be
host to t h e club w h e n we held our first
o r g a n i z a t i o n m e e t i n g a t B o n n e t Shores.
D u e to f a l l w o r k and v a c a t i o n schedules
being w h a t t h e y a r e , I r e g r e t t h a t I
c a n n o t a t t e n d t h e m e e t i n g to-day. If I
c a n n o t be with you in person, a t least
I am in spirit, and I a m again h o n o r e d
to t a k e some p a r t in this p r o g r a m m e .
T e n y e a r s ago, f e w of us m a d e r e g u lar visits to t h e E x p e r i m e n t Station, or
had a c o m p r e h e n s i v e i d e a of t h e excellent w o r k done h e r e . We w e r e
riding
t h e crest of a boom t h a t w a s soon to
collapse. Back in '29, Doctor Odland
a n d Mr. N o r t h told me t h a t some of t h e
t u r f plots w e r e t h e n 35 y e a r s old. L a s t
M a r c h , a t t h e R e c r e a t i o n C o n f e r e n c e in
A m h e r s t , P r e s i d e n t W e s t told t h e assemblage t h a t t h e m a i n i n t e r e s t in t h e
R. I. G r e e n k e e p e r s ' Club to-day c e n t e r s
u p o n the cooperation with its E x p e r i m e n t Station.
This is g o o d — f o r when r e s e a r c h in
a n y f o r m is r e g a r d e d in t h e b r o a d and
g e n e r a l aspects t h a t fit in with others,

a n d diversified e d u c a t i o n — r e s e a r c h b e comes
stimulating
and
progressive.
W h e n e v e r r e s e a r c h is m e n t i o n e d , I a m
inclined to t h i n k of a n o t h e r word in
connection, and t h a t is R E V I E W .
We have passed t h r o u g h a decade of
depression of business, and s t u d y on
how to a t t a i n b e t t e r t u r f within t o - d a y ' s
budgets, t h r o u g h soil a n d
chemical
means, to m e n t i o n b u t a f e w .
Now let us be coldly p r a c t i c a l — o r m a terial (if t h a t s o u n d s b e t t e r ) .
Ten
years, despite a business depression,
f r e a k w e a t h e r , a n d a h u r r i c a n e and we
have a t t a i n e d b e t t e r t u r f t h r o u g h r e search, business e n t e r p r i s e , and o u r applied knowledge. We realize this. Do
those we serve recognize us f o r it? Do
w e g e t b e t t e r pay f o r a b e t t e r p r o d u c t
a t t a i n e d a t less cost? Our g r e e n s m e n
are more skilled—are they better paid—
do t h e y w o r k a l o n g e r season? Do o u r
golf p a t r o n s and t h e public K N O W w h a t
we a r e , w h a t we have accomplished? I
t h i n k not, f o r if this w e r e t h e case, we
would be g e t t i n g paid in p r o p o r t i o n to
our w o r t h , and we would n o t have such
t h i n g s occur as, f o r i n s t a n c e , m e n of
high calibre discharged f r o m g r e e n k e e p ing p o s i t i o n s — a n d novices p u t in t h e i r
p l a c e s — i n t h e n a m e of " e c o n o m y a n d
efficiency".
" P o l i t i c s " in golf clubs to-day, as in
o t h e r things, is t h e w a s t e f u l costly
f a c t o r . W e owe to o u r clubs, our t u r f
a n d ourselves, t h e e f f o r t s to lead our
g o l f e r s a w a y f r o m this folly. This is a
phase of g r e e n k e e p i n g t h a t we all will
do well to consider, and u p o n which to
a c t in t h e N E X T t e n y e a r s .
K e e p u p t h e good w o r k with t h e E x p e r i m e n t Station, b u t let us who a p p l y
t h e findings, capitalize on o u r a b s o r b e d
knowledge, and p r o v e t h e value of it to
our golfers.
After a
greenkeeping
o r g a n i z a t i o n has survived t e n years, it
e n t e r s w h a t is k n o w n as t h e " l o n g p a n t s
a g e " . W e have g r a d u a t e d f r o m school
h e r e in Rhode sland, and now it is t i m e
to go to w o r k . In all sincerity, I t h e r e f o r e s u g g e s t t h a t each and e v e r y g r e e n k e e p e r in Rhode Island join t h e p r o g r e s sive strides b e i n g m a d e by t h e Greenkeeping Superintendents'
Association.

OFFICERS' DIRECTORY
President
Secretary
Treasurer
Chairman
Chairman
Chairman
Chairman
Chairman

J o h n Counsell, 5 E l l s w o r t h Rd., P e a b o d y ,
Philip Cassidy, 45 Grosvenor Rd., N e e d h a m ,
P r a n k Wilson, Charles River C. C., N e w t o n C e n t r e ,
E n t e r . Comm
Sam S. Mitchell, P o n k a p o a g G. C., C a n t o n ,
Golf Comm
Lloyd G. S t o t t , M e a d o w Brook G. C., R e a d i n g ,
W e l f a r e Comm
E d w i n H a n s e n , Concord C. C., Concord,
E m p l o y . Comm. . . A r t h u r A n d e r s o n , 358 F u l l e r St., W. N e w t o n ,
Trustees
George Rommell, J r . , 54 E d d y St., W e s t N e w t o n ,

Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.

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