"/ would rather be able to appreciate
things I cannot have than to have things I
am not able to appreciate.''

J U L Y

t

This NEWSLETTER is published
monthly by the Greenkeepers Club of
New England, and sent free to its members and their Green's Chairmen. Subscription price ten cents a copy, or a
dollar a year.
GUY C. WEST
Editor
64 Prospect St., W e s t Barrington, R. I.

GEORGE J. ROMMELL, JR.
Business Mgr.
54 Eddy St., West Newton, Mass.

July, 1940

Vol. 12, No. 7

Contributing Editors

Homer Darling
R. A. Mitchell
Howard Farrant Charles Parker
Frank Wilson
The ideas and opinions expressed in
the subject matter of this NEWSLETTER are not necessarily those of
the Editor or the members of the club
as a whole.
TOP DRESSING METHODS AT THE
PQNKAPOAG GOLF COURSE

By Sam Mitchell
We are fortunate here at the Ponkapoag Golf Course in having about an
acre of land that is available to use as
a compost field. To this field we have
added native peat, rotted leaves, stable
manure as top dressings and have grown
a crop of buckwheat each spring and a
crop of winter rye in the fall which were
plowed under. We added whatever fertilizer and lime was necessary to grow
the cover crop. We also haul in each
year the same amount of loam as was
stripped over. We figure to strip from
one-third of the area so that any one
area is stripped only once in three years.
The loam is taken off about four to
six inches deep in July or August when
it is dust dry and run through a Royer
Compost machine which at the same
time throws it into our storage house.
This removes the most of the heavy debris and large stone.
About a week before each topdressing, we screen a batch of this material
through our double rotary screen which
is Vz" mesh on the inner screen and
Vis" mesh on the outer screen. After a

truck is loaded in the Royer Shed we
add to the load fertilizer, lead or othermaterials desired to add to the mixture
to go on the green with that topdressing.
The rotary screen does a perfect job
of mixing in the fertilizer, etc. without
any extra labor. This double rotary
screen and the Royer are both operated
by a 2 H. P. slow speed electric motor.
We are now ready for the actual topdressing. The greens are usually cut
the day before. Two men pole the
greens to help dry them off. One Overgreen goes out with the Buell Spiker to
spike ahead of the dressing. We have
two trucks haul out from the shed and
dump a load on each green. The drivers
are pretty clever about the size for each
green and usually hit it about right.
Occasionally we have some dressing left
to pick up.
Spreading is done with two Root
Spreaders, two men to a spreader but
only one spreader to a green. We start
to spread at 8 A. M. By 9.30 the material is dry enough to work in. The
second Overgreen has a long broom attached to the rear. This broom is made
up of five street push brooms bolted to
a bar. _ This tool will cover an average
green in about ten minutes and put the
fine material out of sight. By this time
the two men are in from poling and they
start to hand water each green. They
put on all the water the green will take
with a rose nozzle but not enough to let
the water run. This settles the dressing
down so that we are able to put on our
regular greens sprinklers that night if
necessary without any danger of washing the dressing around.
This method of dressing means an
extra screening but we eliminate all the
labor of hand mixing in of our fertilizer.
It means we are able to clean up the
whole dressing job in one day and so do
not have the course tied up only the minimum amount. We do the eighteen
greens, two practice greens, and four
nurseries in one day.
In order to operate this program successfully, it is necessary to have the
loam dust dry when housed with the
Royer. By having it in a field it is
reasonably easy to dry it out with a
double disk harrow which would not be
possible in a compost pile. I think the
Overgreen with the brush on the back
is the biggest labor saving device in the
whole job. One man does more now than
we used to do with four men with drag
mats and does a better job.

FARM A N D HOME WEEK

MASSACHUSETTS STATE COLLEGE

LAWN PROGRAM
Stockbridge Hall, Room 20
FRIDAY, JULY 26

10.00 a. m. Introduction to the Day's Program
L. S. Dickinson
Special Lawn Problem Questions submitted by visitors
10.30 a. m. Lawn Soils, Grasses, Diseases and Insects
F. V. Grau, L. S. Dickinson
12.00 m. Consideration of Special Lawn Problems (previously submitted)
F. V. Grau, L. S. Dickinson
12.30 p. m. Luncheon at College Cafeteria
2.00 p. m. Special Lawn Problem Questions submitted by visitors
L. S. Dickinson
2.30 p. m. Lawn Fertilizers, Weeds and Maintenance
F. V. Grau, L. S. Dickinson
3.30 p. m. Consideration of Special Lawn Problems (previously submitted)
F. V. Grau, L. S. Dickinson
4.00 p. m. Summary of Lawn Program
L. S. Dickinson
Who's W h o on the Program

Dickinson, Lawrence S., Assistant Professor of Agrostology, M.S.C.
Grau, Fred V., Extension Agronomist, Pennsylvania State College, State
College, Penn.
McBRIDE, REED S H A N A H A N
MEMORIAL WINNERS

William J. McBride successfully defended his crown in the annual John
Shanahan memorial golf tournament of
greenkeepers and pros at Brae Burn
on July 8th, when with Elmer Reed,
former assistant pro at Brae Burn and
now with McBride, and representing
Nashua, N. H., they turned in a net 69.
Best gross figures were marked up by
the Lexington pair, Alex Ohlson and
Cal Peterson, with a 77. Last year
McBride won with Guy Paulson.
The scores:
W. J. McBride and Elmer Reed,
Nashua, N. H., 80—69; Tom Mattus and
John Sheehan, Albemarle, 81—72; Alex
Ohlson and Cal Peterson, Lexington,
77—73; E. Palhamus and Steve Sincuk,
Charles River, 85—73; A. M. Barney
and Harry Pezzullo, Wampanoag, 82—
73; Phil Cassidy and George Ford, Needham, 79—73; Art Anderson and Roy
Brondson, Brae Burn, 86—74; Jim
McCormick and Roland Hancock, Mt.
Hood, 80—74; Ted Sanson and George
Apple, Bear Hill, 79—74; Simy Braid
and Bill Cosgrove, Grand View, 86—74;
M. O'Grady and John Gilholm, New Bedford, 85—75,

M E M B E R S IN GOOD S T A N D I N G
J u l y 15, 1 9 4 0

Lloyd G. Stott
M. D. Maxwell
C. T. O'Keefe
W. F. Larner
Edwin Hanson
Maurice Ryan
John Latvis
Guilford R. Johnson
H. D. Farrant
H. C. Darling
A. E. Anderson
Arthur Fontaine
P. G. Wanberg
N. J. Sperandio
George Volmer
James McCormack
T. F. Clarke
P. F. Hayden
Valentine Flood
Nicholas Bruno
Albert Scott
Joseph Oldfield
Everett Capello
Everett J. Pyle
J. L. Counsell
E. A. Polhamus
Edward Murphy H. B. Cottelle
Ralph Thomas
Stephen Hannon
Alex Ohlson
Oscar Chapman
Franklin Hammond Harold Mosher
Louis Marratto
P. I. Cassidy
R. A. Mitchell
Francis Tuscher
F. H. Wilson
S. S. Mitchell
R. W. Peckham
Roland Robinson
G. J. Rommell , A. Sperandio
Geno Pettazoni
Elmer Fuller
Simeone Braro
A. M. Barney
Edward Ohlson
James Sullivan
T. T. Mattus
Edward Buecher
Eugene Mauro
T. P. Anderson
Thomas O'Leary M. J. O'Grady
R. W. Mansfield
Frank H. Wilson, Treas.

THE RELATIVE PERMANENT
TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES,
FUNGICIDES AND WEEDICIDES
Walter S. Eisenmenger
(A. G. S. A. Conference Paper)
The question of toxicity of elements
is a relative one. All elements when
present alone in a water solution with
plant tissue are poison to the plant, but
if some of the elements as compounds
are mixed, the toxicity is decreased or
entirely overcome. Thus sodium nitrate,
calcium nitrate, magnesium sulphate
when each is used separately are in
water solution and even very dilute are
toxic to plants, but if they are mixed
together each compound overcomes the
toxicity of the other. This is not all of
the story for the soil contains not only
a water solution but varying sized particles of rock. Some of these particles
are large and quite unreactive. We have
what the soil people call coarse sand
and, if infinitely small, they are called
clay. Any element which is called toxic
is less toxic by far when added to clay
than when added to sand, for the clay
has many thousands more of surface
than the same volume or weight of sand.
The poisons are absorbed or stick to
the outer surface of soil particles and
are rendered in this way harmless or
inert toward plant life. This is of intrinsic importance, for all applications of
chemicals are less reactive on so-called
heavy soils than on light soils. The
writer has recollection of an instance
where the toxicity of a given copper
sulphate solution was sixty times as
toxic in sand as in a loam soil, and
records in England have instances where
copper solutions were more than two
hundred times as toxic in sand as in
clay.
Now another factor which governs
the toxic quality in soil is a chemical
one, and this too is more pronounced in
effect in loam and clay than in sand.
Let us illustrate. In one of Defoe's
stories relating men isolated on an
island without recourse to drinking
water resorted to the procedure of pouring sea water through successive layers
of soil and finally were able by the filtering process of securing some water
to drink. This could have been a physical or chemical process, but let us
dwell on the chemical and take a copper
sulphate or blue stone solution and run
it through clay in quantities. If we
would collect what was a blue solution,

we would find now a filtered material
which was no longer blue but like pure
water. Part of the copper sulnhate,
namely the copper, was held by the clay,
and sulphate part went through with
the water and was clear. Now many of
nature's soils are admirably adjusted for
this so-called base exchange and what
you add to the soil after it has reacted
is no longer what it was when it was
applied. In the above instance the
copper had combined with a part of the
soil and become an insoluble copper
compound, and what is present and insoluble is the same as not being present
at all. This is important, for some elements as copper, lead and mercury in
the soil have a decided tendency to form
insoluble materials which given a little
time never again become soluble unless
work is done upon them and nature does
not do this; only miners and smelters
resort to this.
Poisons have been classified in toxicology. Some of them in the animal
body affect the nervous system, others
the heart muscles, the skin", the kidneys,
the contraction of arteries and the like,
while others, more inclusive in action,
impair any living tissue whether plant
or animal. They are called protoplasmic
poisons. These poisons are those such
as mercury, copper, arsenic—in fact all
the so-called heavy metal salts which
are soluble. Their action is to coagulate
or stiffen the protein with which they
come in contact. Nature has borne kindly with the plant, for both the soil, the
plant and animal body, are to degree
successful in making these harmless. In
the animal the liver attempts to have
them combine with something else to
make them less harmful for the kidneys.
The plant also tries to keep them out of
the plant body by rejecting them or —
making them less soluble if they do get
into the plant. The soil is the most admirably adapted medium to detoxifying
these, for it is a system par excellence
in making a soluble substance as mercuric chloride, lead arsenate or copper
sulphate to an insoluble or inert form
and, as before stated, an insoluble form
is the same as if none were present as
far as toxicity is concerned. This is
illustrated by the fact that where nature
is at work making elements insoluble,
we observe that plants do grow in areas
where copper, lead and mercury are
mined. Man does something to them
before they harm plants, and when they
get to the soil for a time they go back
to the form meant for them in the soil.
If they remained soluble they would not

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be there, for water would have washed
Bordeaux mixture which is in
them out. It is of g r e a t i m p o r t a n c e to present.
itself
a
series
of compounds made by
r e m e m b e r t h a t m a n - m a d e c h e m i c a l s a r e mixing copper sulphate and lime is one
t h e o n e s w h i c h h a v e a c a p a c i t y to pro- of the more common of sprays, yet
duce bad effects on living tissue.
probably less on greens than formerly.
Let us proceed with the mercury com- It is the writer's experience that a growpounds adopted by men interested in er of potatoes used the equivalent of
plants for the purpose primarily in de- one carload of copper sulphate per
stroying fungi. Calomel which is quite annum on forty acres of land in the
insoluble, but soluble enough to destroy form of bordeaux and for a series of
some bacteria of the colon of the human years, yet no diminution of yield was
and fungi of soils, is not in low doses or noted; in fact, an increase * of yield
applications toxic to animals and seed resulted.
plants, and only by abnormal treatment
reason for this was that the alkawould it be changed to bichloride of lineThecharacter
of the lime and the calmercury in the colon, plant, or soil. It cium of the lime
both acted against
is the safer of the two mercury com- poisons, and what was
not immediately
pounds used on plants.
a poison never became one. The copper
When we apply bichloride of mercury for the most part stayed in the soil, yet
to the soil in any appreciable quantities, it never hurt plants. This is not to
it kills all living tissue and, if this is mean that l o w l i m e b o r d e a u x will n o t
sandy soil, the results will be more pro- harm v e g e t a t i o n at the beginning. This
nounced, but will probably change to a is the one almost universal spray maharmless character equally as soon. But terial to destroy fungi, and in modern
this compound is changed by soil and agriculture we would do little without
organic matter soon, for if protein of it where certain crops are involved. The
vegetation decomposes, enough sulphur peculiar character of this spray is the
compounds are formed to form the fact that the lime added to the soil is
Cinnabar, the mercury compound that quite rapidly washed out of the soil and
was mined from the soil originally and copper far more slowly. No better eviis insoluble. Also the protein of plants dence for lack of cumulative effects of
which were killed will combine with copper could be afforded.
the mercury, in the same way that
Lead when added to plants in the
people mount a herbarium, wood and form
of arsenate of lead has been menstuffed animals with bichloride of mer- tioned
a possible form of cumulative
cury. Mercury is not likely to hurt poison. asWhat
poisoning effect lead may
plants by acting as a cumulative poison have on the leaf
tissue is immediate,
in the soil; it m a y retard growth by de- for lead of all the elements
used reverts
stroying helpful bacteria after the time soon in soil to an extremely
insoluble
has elapsed for them to have the capa- compound. The things that may
city to kill the seed plant, but this too bine with lead in the soil, as sulphurcomor
is transient. Time will overcome this sulphate and carbon dioxide, form comalso.
pounds which are identical to the ore
Red oxide of copper is used instead from which we get lead and are insoluof bordeaux mixture for the claim by ble and consequently relatively harmless.
many that it will not exert the imme- It may be asked, why do some of the
diate toxicity that will be exerted by elements which are in seemingly insolbordeaux. It is harmless because of its uble combination kill insects if they do
apparent insolubility, nor will it become not hurt plants. Not all insects are demore soluble. The solubility is so low stroyed, depending upon the pH of their
that it cannot be measured in water, alimentary tract. Those which have a
yet the infinitely small solubility enables rather low pH may convert in their dimen to use it for soil disinfectant, and gestive tract what was entirely an inyet realize on the land a growth of seed soluble salt to a slightly soluble one and
plants. Many of the lower forms of be poisoned. Lead sulphate is insoluble,
plant life, bacteria and fungi are far and formed in the soil and insects may
more sensitive than the higher plants to get it into their bodies, but unless they
the exceedingly small amounts in soil. die from a stagnated gut or change the
they will not die from the
Copper sulphate is difficult to use as solubility,Acids
convert many relatively
such, for it is an acid salt which will poison.
compounds to slightly solubl'e
burn the leaves of plants out of pro- insoluble
and make them more soluble
portion to the amount of good the compounds
This is true with respect to lead arsencopper in the salt will do, unless one ate.
Calcium arsenate, when applied is
cares nothing for what seed plants are

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Tested Seeds, Florida Humus and V. C. Fairway Fertilizer
more soluble and may cause immediate
harmful effects on plants. It does not
have to be acted upon by the gastric or
intestinal juices to .be effective. In this
case arsenic acts alone on the insect.
When lead is present, both lead and arsenic act individually but the insect
must do something to the compound.
Now that enough has been said of the
elements which the soil content has rendered harmless, let us consider another
^ ^ class of elements—those if you please
which the periodic table in* chemistry
places in a position suggesting different
properties—the elements arsenic selenium and thallium. Here the evidence of
lack of accumulation is not so pronounced. Let us first consider arsenic.
In our own greenhouse the effect of arsenic has not been pronounced. For
two hundred parts per million of arsenic trioxide we if anything experienced
stimulation for barley and buckwheat
showed no signs of toxicity when one
thousand parts per million were added,
but at this concentration showed some
lack of chlorophyll, narrow leaves and
apparent lack of transpiration. This
was a loam soil. According to the results of nearly all experiments, the concept of Nagli enunciated more than

seventy-five years ago holds: it is this
that when an element exerts toxicity to
a plant in measurable quantities infinitely small amounts of this element will
stimulate that plant. This seems to be
the case in most instances. Our data
shows this as does that of Greaves of
Utah, as well as the workers in Oregon
On a loam or clay in our area two hundred parts per million of arsenious oxide
did a service rather than a harm. Harm
has been reported, however, by the
Montana Station, the Washington Station and South Carolina. At South
Carolina where vast amounts of arsenates are used on cotton for boll weevil
there was apparently a decided influence deleteriously to some other crops
and the germination of seeds. At Washington an old orchard that had been
heavily sprayed for about twenty-five
years, and then removed, showed soil
which was deleterious to the growth of
some plants, especially alfalfa. You
greens men, are somewhat fortunate for
grasses, including cereals, are the most
resistant to arsenic poisoning of numerous plants. Arsenic compounds are not
readily changed to an entirely insoluble
form by acids or bases. In either case
they will still be soluble.

If any of you have perchance lived in
an area of our country where a smelter
has been working on the old basis—
where all the fumes pass off the stack—
you will have noticed on the hillsides
dead vegetation or none at all. The initial cause of this phenomenon is the
sulphur dioxide which comes from the
stacks, but arsenic is always associated
naturally with sulphides and it too
comes off the stack. The sulphur compounds kill the green materials, but the
fact that no vegetation comes soon afterward is claimed to be arsenic. Today
with new apparatus they precipitate
both the sulphur and arsenic, and sell
their products, and little damage is done.
Where by accident or otherwise too
much arsenical is placed upon a soil,
liming the soil will, to a great degree,
overcome this bad effect.
There is a great difference of opinion
about the actual harmful effects of arsenicals but unless continuous use in a
lavish manner is made, it seems a doubtful factor in green culture. Some may
claim that much is harmful, but more
likely it is something else doing the
harm. But it is an element which by
careless use may in extreme cases come
to contribute harm. It has those unique
properties as an element in its reactions.
Like selenium it will react with acid or
base readily, and in each instance not
become extremely insoluble. Of the two
salts sodium arsenate or sodium arsenite,
the latter is the more soluble and consequently more toxic, and will burn
plants more quickly. This applies to immediate effects. Arsenic pentoxide is
more active than arsenious oxide. The
former is more soluble than the latter
by nearly one hundred times. The slower the action of these compounds, the
longer will their desirable action be prolonged. Ammonium arsenate is soluble
to a high degree, but will burn plants
less than the corresponding sodium compound. But this does not mean that
harm cannot be done by this compound
as far as immediate effects are concerned. After all these arsenates and
arsenites are in the soil they form the
same type of compound by reactions
with the particles. Therefore as far as
permanent or cumulative effect is concerned, they are all in the same category.
Selenium is one of the most persistent poisons in soil, which is exceedingly
harmful not to plants, but to animals
which eat the plant. This trouble is not
one encountered in humid areas, but in
the West.

Sulphate of iron is used as a selective
compound to kill certain plants, and yet
does not seem to hurt others. It does
not seem at moderate concentrations to
hurt grass tissue, oats, bents, etc., but
does to a degree certain of the caryophyllaeeous and solanaceous families as
chickweed and mustard. This effect is
immediate and the iron sulphate immediately changes to an insoluble oxide of
iron in the soil, and no permanent effects
would ever accrue.
There are several compounds which
in the manufactured state are in the solid phase, but their vapor pressure soon
brings them into a gaseous phase, at
least parts of them—cyanogas and carbon disulphide. First of all a novice
who has no knowledge of the properties
of these compounds should not handle
them for they are dangerous. Cyanogas
from a cyanide salt at infinitely low concentrations will kill any animal including man. If large quantities are liberated in a small greenhouse it will destroy the tender newly formed leaves of
plants. If used it must be repeated for
the incisted infant types of insects are
not attacked. No permanent effects are
possible for its gas is easily dissipated
into the air. Its use in warfare could
not be employed for this reason. It is
the most deadly of all gases. Carbon disulphide is a heavy gas and descends
instead of rising—goes down into burrows and kills insects and rodents. It
is not a deadly poison for plants or
animals, but to a degree acts as an
anaesthetic or intoxicant acts on the
nervous system. It has no permanent
effect on plant life. It too should be
carefully handled for it is inflammable
and mixtures with air are explosive. It
will burst into flame only a little above
the boiling point temperature of water.
Of all weedicides, calcium, magnesium,
potassium and sodium chlorate are the
most inclusive in their harsh action toward vegetable life. They make no distinction between good and bad plants—
all are killed. In immediate effect the
sodium chlorate is the most active, next
calcium, megnesium and then potassium.
The results of these salts applied are not
for a long time, for the reducing agencies of the soil change the chlorates to
chlorides which may contribute to
growth rather than retard vegetative
growth.
One of the newer weedicides is ammonium thiocyanate. This performs a
good service apparently, and leaves no
permanent bad effects for any extended
period.

^

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"Water White Kerosene" will kill
weeds and other vegetation. The killing
process is not in this case as in others.
This material shuts off the respiratory
system of plants. They cannot exchange
the gases oxygen for carbon dioxide and
the reverse. If you would spill grease
of any kind on a spot of the lawn, the
grass would die. Dogs not too infrequently will drag greasy materials about
a lawn and spots may be seen, caused
by grease resulting in impaired grass
growth. This material if from heavy
oils may persist for a year or more, for
bacteria are rare which break up the
petroleum products, yet where derricks
once were used in drilling for oil, vegetation again gets started and thrives.
Calcyanamid is toxic to all types of
plant tissue but plants which have an
underground rhizome are difficult to
kill, for calcium cyanamid as we use it
is insoluble in water, and by the time
it gets into the soil to a great depth it
is another substance. Two weeks after
adding cyanamid on a spring or summer
day, one may find crystals of urea resulting from the cyanamid; it is the initial decomposition product and may be
found on the surface of the soil. It
seems for this reason to be not too serviceable in killing quack grass. Other
plants with root surface near the top
of the soil have been killed by this chemical. No bad permanent effects are
possible.
Chlorpicrin is an excellent weedicide
if used in sufficient quantities and stimulates weeds if only a little is present.
It may be a stimulant in the proper
sense, but it contains nitrogen which too
may serve for nutrition when the chemical decomposes. No permanent bad
effects linger afterward.
Borax must be used with care. Fifteen
parts per million are good. Often 100
parts per million will kill plant life.
Lime added to fields to which too much
borax has been added will help to restore normal growth. Two much borax
may last for several years in effect on
an acid soil. It is a risky compound to
use as a weedicide, unless all is to be
killed for some time.
President
Secretary
Treasurer
Chairman,
Chairman,
Chairman,
Chairman,
Chairman,

There are several insecticides which
are used, such as tobacco dust, nicotine
sulphate, pyrethrum, rotenone and derris. With the exception of nicotine dust
the others are especially toxic to coldblooded animals, but not to man. They
will kill only selectively. None of these
leave any temporary or permanent injury to plant life.
As far as toxins to plants are concerned, they have inherited resistance
and lack of resistance from their earlier
forbearers. Those elements or compounds more frequently found in soil
waters or even sea waters are the least
toxic; thus the salts of calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium in nature
do not hurt plants, but the relatively
rare salts of the elements copper, silver,
gold, mercury and others are toxic for
the fact that plants of today and their
ancestors have never adjusted themselves to them for they were rare. Elements may be present but only slightly
in solution and plants can tolerate only
a little of them. Thus nearly eight per
cent of the earth's crust is aluminum,
and four and one-half per cent iron.
They are, if soluble, destructive to plant
life in appreciable concentrations but
nature makes them in soil insoluble.
As a matter of digression, but to prevent tragedy or unhappiness, let us dwell
finally on the case in the use of just a
few of the killing chemicals. Have the
mercury salts inclosed in a tight container and plainly labeled as to content.
We do not regard even metallic mercury
as having any great vapor pressure, yet
history shows that in an inclosed room
over a long time persons have been poisoned from the atmosphere surrounding
the mercury. Cyanogas is deadly and
the antidotes are of little avail. Take
care about the least bit of this material.
It is the author's experience that just
about half of the human race can detect
the odor of this gas.
For gastric poisoning for heavy metals as mercury and lead as well as arsenic, induce vomiting and administer
white of an egg or milk. It is better
never to have these chemicals near than
to be careless with their use.

OFFICERS' DIRECTORY

John Counsell, 5 Ellsworth Rd„ Peabody,
Philip Cassidy, Needham Golf Club, Needham,
. . . . . Frank Wilson, Charles River C. C., Newton Centre,
Enter Comm
N. Sperandio, 90 Brinsmead St., Marlboro,
Golf Comm
Paul Hayden, 81 Orange St., Waltham
Welfare Comm
Lloyd Stott, Meadowbrook G. C., Reading
Employ. Comm. . . Arthur Anderson, 358 Fuller St., West Newton
Trustees
Paul C. Wanberg, 17 Eddy St., Waltham,

Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass
Mass'
Mass

give you improved
playing conditions at lower mowing costs

WORTHINGTON CUTTING UNITS
Twenty-six years of research and
p r a c t i c a l o p e r a t i n g e x p e r i e n c e h a v e developed the 1 9 4 0 Worthington Cutting
U n i t to t h e h i g h e s t s t a t e of e f f i c i e n c y
and operating economy. Gear housings
are dust, sand and grease-proof. Filled
to proper level they require checking
o n l y o n c e d u r i n g t h e s e a s o n . T h e r e are
n o o t h e r p l a c e s t o g r e a s e o r oil. H a n d
a d j u s t m e n t of t h e b e d - k n i f e s t e e l is a n
exclusive Worthington f e a t u r e — a n d the
q u i c k e s t of a n y c u t t i n g u n i t o n t h e
m a r k e t — n o tools required.
From the greenkeepers' and opera t o r s ' v i e w p o i n t s , t h e r e is less f u s s i n g
Below
is
the
conventional
s p i r a l - t y p e reel. Note s t u r d y
demountable
rims
which,
w h e n w o r n or b r o k e n a c c i d e n t a l l y , c a n be r e p l a c e d in
a f e w m o m e n t s a t less t h a n
i/ 2 t h e c o s t of a n e w w h e e l .

Above
is
the
patented
"V"
or h e r r i n g b o n e
reel
preferred
by
many
golf
course
superintendents.
Note — rubber
pneumatic
tires
are
available
as
extra equipment.

fe-

and trouble with Worthington Cuttin"
Units and Gang Mowers. The general
d e s i g n is s i m p l i c i t y i t s e l f , its c o n s t r u c t i o n s t r o n g a n d s t u r d y t o g i v e y e a r s of
s e r v i c e , a n d a b e a u t i f u l c u t u n d e r all
c o n d i t i o n s w i t h a c u t t i n g r a n g e u p to
4 i n c h e s . Its g r o u n d w e i g h t is 2 2 3 lbs.
Investigate the Worthington 1940
Cutting Unit before your m o w i n g probl e m b e c o m e s a c u t e this S p r i n g , or w r i t e
us t o d a y f o r c o m p l e t e d a t a a n d specifiC. M .
SAWTELLE
New England
Distributor
3 Walker Terrace
Cambridge,
Telephone:

Trowbridge

Mass.

7491

T h e W o r t h ington Golf C h i e f and t h e W o r t h i n g t o n
Multig a n g w i t h 7 c u t t i n g u n i t s , c u t t i n g a w i d t h of 16 f e e t is,
w e believe, the fastest, most flexible, most efficient and
e c o n o m i c a l g a n g - m o w i n g o u t f i t in t h e w o r l d .

N o t e size of n e w f l y - k n i f e s t e e l
section above,
i t is a s p e c i a l
h e a t - t r e a t e d , o i l - t e m p e r e d alloy
steel w i t h a m i n i m u m
Rockwell
h a r d n e s s of 4 0 - c , a l l o w i n g
for
greater w e a r and greatly lengthe n i n g t h e l i f e of t h e r e e l .

BuckneF BaiiiMobile
A Self-Propel led Sprinkling Vehicle
Which Moves Itself
O v e r Large Turf
Areas

NEW

ENGLAND

DISTRIBUTORS

FOR

T H E RELIABLE

ANT C O N T R O L
'"««

Bt-SO

FOR GOLF GREENS A N D L A W N S

NO BUYING RISK: SELECT YOUR PACKING
C o u n t r y C l u b S i z e : Twelve Large BUCKEYE Antubes

with Four
Dropper attachments. Delivered for 9.25. Use one. If not entirely satisfied return balance and owe nothing. Enough to make 6000 drop applications.
B u l k Q u a r t P a c k i n g : Complete with Patent Dropper Gun. Both sent
delivered for $10.00. Enough to make 10,000 drop applications.
Look For The Blue Packages—

New England Toro Co.
• ; DISTRIBUTORS FOR. N^Tk^AND'
1121: Washington St-!, West'Newton — WESt New. 1658