The man who trusts men will make
fewer mistakes than he who distrusts them.
—Cavour

MAY
1940

This N E W S L E T T E R
is published
monthly by the Greenkeepers Club of
New England, and sent f r e e to its members and their Green's Chairmen. Subscription price t e n cents a copy, or a
dollar a year.
GUY C. W E S T
Editor
64 P r o s p e c t St., "West B a r r i n g t o n , R. I.

G E O R G E J. ROMMELL, J R .
Business Mgr.
54 E d d y St., W e s t N e w t o n ,

May, 1940

Mass.

Vol. 12, No. 5

Contributing Editors
Homer Darling
R. A. Mitchell
Howard F a r r a n t
Charles P a r k e r
F r a n k Wilson
The ideas and opinions expressed
in
the subject
matter
of this
NEWSLETTER
are not necessarily
those of
the Editor or the members of the club
as a whole.
T H E N E E D OF TRAINED AND
EDUCATED MEN IN THE
GOLFING WORLD
by A n t h o n y J. Sperandio
Today we are f a c e d with a grave
problem in this business known as golf.
The selling of the use of golf courses,
golf balls, golf clubs, liquor, food, and
m a n y other commodities involves millions of dollars, either directly or indirectly.
Let us look behind the scene and see
w h a t f o u n d a t i o n t h e clubs have in men
with education and training. Those who
are most successful in the business world
have the best educated and t r a i n e d men
in their p a r t i c u l a r field. These men
have a t h o r o u g h knowledge of "the business in which they are employed in
order to get the g r e a t e s t value f r o m the
overhead b u t primarily, to s a t i s f y the
demands of the public.
T h e r e is a solution to our problem,
b u t we have to find it now b e f o r e it is
too late.
Do you r e m e m b e r back in the early
t w e n t i e s when baseball had the black
scandal? I t was a t a crisis. Now the
men of baseball got t o g e t h e r and appointed J u d g e Landis as the " c z a r " of
baseball and made n e w rules and regulations. These rules were m a d e f o r the

good of t h a t sport. As a result, baseball
came back and advanced to its p r e s e n t
position as our national pastime.
Golf is a n o t h e r national pastime f o r
t h e American public, if not f o r the
world as a whole. Golf is played in a
g r e a t m a n y countries and to t h i n k t h a t
this sport is a t a crisis today, especially
in our country which is considered the
wealthiest of t h e m all.
Let us stop to think and see what we
have to do to realize a wise and efficient
way to put golf back in the
financial
condition which it once enjoyed. The
question we have to answer is: How
have our golf courses been m a n a g e d ?
D u r i n g good times, m e m b e r s would dig
down and t h i n k very little in d o n a t i n g
a f e w h u n d r e d dollars to m e e t the curr e n t expenses. Today is a different age
and days of donating and g i f t s are a
t h i n g of the past. Our private colleges
are also suffering f r o m lack of g i f t s and
donations, and are t u r n i n g to o t h e r
sources of income in order to meet their
obligations.
The p r e s e n t economy wave has m a d e
a decided change in the present-day golf
course m a i n t e n a n c e . The time h a s ' c o m e
to deal with this problem with open
minds a n d let personal and old ideas
alone and come t o g e t h e r with new ideas
f o r the f u t u r e . One of t h e g r e a t e s t expenses connected with t h e operation of
a c o u n t r y club is old and worn-out equipm e n t . Many of these clubs c a n n o t see
these expenses m o u n t i n g daily.
Poor
managing resulting f r o m incompetant
greenskeepers, m a n a g e r s , and g r e e n s
chairmen brings out the r e a l cause of
our troubles. If they would only stop
to give a little t h o u g h t to see w h a t lies
a h e a d ! If they would only apply some
common sense to golf course m a n a g e m e n t ! The golf courses have survived
by the changes in e q u i p m e n t and maint e n a n c e to carry t h e m t h r o u g h the depression, b u t no t h o u g h t has been given
to the personnel. This is the problem
now. Ask t h e question: H o w m a n y men
are qualified to m a n a g e a country club?
I t is s a f e to say t h a t v e r y f e w of t h e m
have the qualifications necessary to t a k e
complete charge of a golf course whose
a v e r a g e investment is $100,000.
The g r e e n s k e e p e r s of y e s t e r d a y were
picked f r o m the r a n k and file and with
practically no experience and self-education. The club m e m b e r s looked upon
t h e m as laborers who are not on the
same s t a n d i n g with t h e m because theirs

^ ^

was not a profession. He was not allowed to attend the directors' meeting
or to take part in any of the club activities. However, he had the responsibility
of the golf course. He had to obtain
worthy results. There were many members who have not the responsibilities
as great as those of a greenskeeper and
yet they would look down upon the
greenskeeper. Does it not seem right
t h a t a man who has charge of a golf
course be respected as a responsible
person? The men of the greenskeeping
profession are lacking this respect today even with the education and training provided f o r them in schools and
colleges. This training and education
brings his standing up with that of
other professional men.
The various industries of today have
their departments. They are under a
general manager or superintendent who
has a thorough knowledge of the departments of t h a t business. These men are
trained and educated f o r their work.
Now apply this picture to golf courses.
They have their maintenance, sales, and
r e s t a u r a n t departments. If there was
a man in general charge with the necessary training and education he could see
which department needed the proper adjustments to make it a profitable enterprise.
We often hear of the friction between pro and the greenskeeper in many
golf clubs. The pro is to a club what a
sales department is to a business organization. The sales department has to sell
the use of the golf course to the public.
A pro must contact the customer. If
the course has well-kept fairways and
greens, which is the greenskeeper's job,
the pro will have little trouble to sell.
The pro also sells the equipment used to
play this sport.
Greenskeeper and pro should get together to discuss the problems of the
other so t h a t each can be thoroughly acquainted with what is to be expected
of the other and also by the public. If
the grass has been damaged, he should
go to the pro, the salesman, and explain
the trouble. Then in turn, the pro can
explain it to the golfer.
These pros and greenskeepers should
f o r g e t the jealousies in believing one or
the other will out, and work together
f o r the good of the club. That club will
do more business as a result. The greenskeeper and pro should f o r g e t the possibility that his club might some day appoint one or the other as pro-greenskeeper.

Our colleges and experimental stations
are carrying on research work in order
to educate and train men in this profession. These schools started back ten
or twelve years. The golfing world owes
much to the men who are carrying on
this work. It can look to them as
pioneers who set f o r t h new ideas f o r
better t u r f . There is a need of more
schools and colleges to bring to the golfing world more educated and trained
men.
Many greenskeepers are self-educated
in the raising of fine t u r f . They rose
f r o m a helper to greenskeeper. These
men are lacking the education and training offered by schools and colleges to
make them professional men. The business will accomplish more if it has a
professional man to deal with the customer. Would he not obtain the most
from each dollar invested? A master of
his profession or trade can serve with
greater efficiency.
Our clubs have in the past had costly
mistakes with inexperienced men. That
remedy has to alleviate this f a u l t and
t h a t remedy can only mean more trained
men. Many clubs have their backs to
the wall because of poor methods. What
would happen to all our business enterprises if the men in control were not
trained in their field? It is safe to say
our country would not be where it is
today if it were not f o r trained men. So
this holds t r u e f o r the f u t u r e of golf.
Let us picture a self-educated greenskeeper or pro as an animal in the forest.
What would happen to it with the conditions which face him today, namely,
the hunters with modern equipment such
as guns, sounds to attract the animal,
and trained dogs? So it must be trained
and educated by its mother to cope with
the new methods of hunting. The same
applies to all professional men.
The clubs of the past had more money
so that men in charge could get along
with self-education in raising turf because there was money to protect him,
as the forest protected the animal in
yesteryear.
Members did contribute
heavily without realizing that their
money was partially wasted. The time
has come to protect himself f r o m the
present conditions of economy by providing himself with a man who can get
the most f o r the money spent.
In golf, we have three nationally
known organizations such as the Professional Golfers Association, the United

States Golf Association, and the Greenkeeping S u p e r i n t e n d e n t s Assoc. These
organizations should get t o g e t h e r and
set down certain rules and r e g u l a t i o n s
f o r its professional men so t h a t he m a y
receive a s t a n d i n g in life. They all work
t o g e t h e r f o r the business as a whole.
The greenskeeper will have no worries
a b o u t the pro who m a y be ambitious, or
vice versa, because of the saving of one
m a n ' s salary. The c o u n t r y clubs which
are m e m b e r s of these organizations
would hire only those approved by the
associations. So it is n o t likely t h a t a
m a n who is a good g r e e n s k e e p e r will
m a k e a good pro or vice versa, and only
those who are good are approved.
The public golf course of t o d a y is an
asset to the c o m m u n i t y because t h e r e
are m a n y benefits to be received by this
means. Many t h o u s a n d s have learned to
play golf on public golf courses which
ought to be proof enough as to their
value.
A wheel of a wagon m u s t have all the
spokes to c a r r y the load with more confidence to its destination. If one spoke
is broken, it becomes weak and the big
question arises as to w h e t h e r it will
r e a c h its destination. Golf with its t h r e e
m a i n b r a n c h e s h a s to wheel t o g e t h e r
with all spokes if the sport is to survive.

this knowledge with your practical experience, you will be a more efficient
greenkeeper.

CHARGE TO GRADUATES OF
WINTER SCHOOL, 1940

Get over the idea t h a t success is due
to some mysterious quality which some
men have and others have not. Success
is really made up of simple things t h a t
most men d o n ' t do. I believe t h a t procrastination is one of the principal obstacles to success. The h a r d e s t job f o r
the a v e r a g e m a n is to s t a r t to do something, because it is much easier to p u t
off to some f u t u r e time.

by Pres. J o h n Counsell of G.C.N.E.
Members of t h e 1940 W i n t e r School
for Greenkeepers:
When I received the invitation f r o m
P r o f . Dickinson to speak to this class I
f e l t quite proud because it is an honor
and a privilege to t a k e p a r t in the
G r a d u a t i o n Exercises.
You are to be commended f o r your
initiative and ambition to improve yourselves by a t t e n d i n g the W i n t e r School
f o r Greenkeepers h e r e a t A m h e r s t . Your
a t t e n d a n c e h e r e proves t h a t you have a
desire to nourish and fertilize your mind
as well as t h e soil.
You have had the o p p o r t u n i t y to learn
something about t h e technical as well
as the practical side of greenkeeping.
You have learned a b o u t the s t r u c t u r e
and f u n c t i o n s of plants, soil physics, t u r f
diseases, etc. and if you will combine

I t has been said t h a t education m a k e s
you think. E d u c a t i o n and t r a i n i n g are
not t h e same. A dog can be t r a i n e d to
p e r f o r m b u t the dog does not stop to
t h i n k w h y he does it. T h e r e are two
kinds of thinking. W o r r y i n g is disorganized thinking. I t is a mental weed
t h a t crowds out intelligent t h i n k i n g and
planning.
Clear,
logical,
organized
t h i n k i n g with sufficient experience is the
f o u n d a t i o n of good j u d g m e n t , a prime
requisite to successful greenkeeping.
The g r e e n k e e p e r occupies an importa n t position in the golf club. In most
cases he is responsible f o r the m a j o r p a r t
of the golf clubs t o t a l i n v e s t m e n t and
t h e competent g r e e n k e e p e r is the only
insurance the club has to protect t h a t
i m p o r t a n t asset. Conduct yourself with
t h e dignity of your position and in a
m a n n e r t h a t will reflect credit upon you
and y o u r profession.
T o d a y ' s problem is n o t " t o work or
not to w o r k . " It is to get a job and
hold it. E q u i p yourself f r o m every angle
to deal with y o u r employer's requirem e n t s . S t u d y his problem and i n t e r p r e t
y o u r experience in accordance with his
needs. Y o u r employer is interested in
you only in proportion to w h a t you can
produce or contribute to his work.

In conclusion let me leave this t h o u g h t
with you. Simply do the things you
know you ought to do and stop doing
t h e things you know you ought not to
do.
May I extend to you my best wishes
f o r a h a p p y and successful f u t u r e .

The Woodland Golf Club recently
t r a p p e d t h e 18th g r e e n more severely.
P l a n s f o r the immediate f u t u r e call f o r
raising t h e r e a r portion of the 14tn
green, and enlarging the t r a p to the l e f t
and r e a r .

Velvet Bent

Seed

RARITAN and EMERALD
These improved strains are the
finest of all t u r f grasses f o r golf
greens and other closely cut t u r f
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Resistant
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f u n g u s , V e l v e t B e n t is p a r t i c u l a r ly suitable f o r greens and f a i r w a y s — i n f a c t , w h e r e v e r you desire lasting t u r f .
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Distributed
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through:
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TURF GARDENS
New London
New Hampshire

Purchase
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KINGSTON,

PECKHAM
RHODE

ISLAND

MEETINGS
Gene Mauro of the F r a m i n g h a m Golf
Club won first n e t in the first t o u r n a m e n t of the 1940 season held on May 6th
a t the Woodland Golf Club, A u b u r n d a l e ,
Mass. His score was 97-25-72. Second
n e t was won by P a u l H a y d e n of the
home club with 91-17-74.
B e f o r e lunch t h e r e was a demonstration of Jacobson power equipment, including t h e new 1940 power greens
mower and power roller.

A special m e e t i n g was held at the
Belmont C o u n t r y Club on the evening
of April 22nd to see moving pictures of
brown patch control, and to h e a r Mr. J.
H u n t e r Gooding, Sales M a n a g e r of the
Bayer-Semesan Company of Wilmington, Del. discuss Semesan and Special
Semesan.

NATURE TRAILS
Waldo E. Martin, P r o Greenkeeper
N o r f o l k C o u n t r y Club, Norfolk, Conn.
(A 1940 C o n f e r e n c e P a p e r )

Is a n a t u r e trail w o r t h while on a golf
course? Will it be used? How much
will it cost? W h a t will be the cost of
m a i n t e n a n c e ? These are all p e r t i n e n t
and proper questions. In this e r a of ext r a club activities, it is i n t e r e s t i n g to
note the interest shown b y g o l f e r s in
n a t u r a l b e a u t y on the golf course.
Last summer, Mr. William Chenery of
Collier's suggested t h a t I m a k e a study
of conversation of golfers. I f o u n d t h a t
a large percentage of their t h o u g h t dealt
with the n a t u r a l b e a u t y f o u n d in the
a u t u m n coloring, the g r e e n f a i r w a y s ,
rolling hills, and t h e f r a g r a n t smell of
pine. All of these placed n a t u r e as the
s u b j e c t of g r e a t interest.
If people talk a b o u t distant N a t u r e ,
views and trees, a hundred or more y a r d s
away, t h e y should be interested in the
more i n t i m a t e wonders of n a t u r e . Probably if one sits in the shade of a tree,
on the beach, or on a s t u m p in the woods,
a g r e a t deal of t h e b e a u t y of n a t u r e
would come to him. Time f o r b i d s the
wait, and the m o d e r n h u r r y to arrive a t
a point or destination, f o r b e a r s a waiti n g disposition. Yet, in this modern
h u r r y , people are i n t e r e s t e d in n a t u r a l

things, the more i n t i m a t e n a t u r a l phenomena. I t appears, t h e r e f o r e , points of
n a t u r e interest m u s t be b r o u g h t quickly
and in a sustained m a n n e r to the individual. T h e r e f o r e , why not fix it so t h a t
one can walk to n a t u r e — a path, or, to
be more woodsy, a trail. The n a t u r e
t r a i l is an outdoor museum in which all
local, n a t u r a l p h e n o m e n a is displayed to
the people. They are also called selfguided paths t h o u g h the woods.
T h e r e are m a n y types of trails, some
of which deal with a single aspect of
n a t u r e , while others might be executed
in sections having a section devoted to
geology, a n o t h e r to plants, a n o t h e r to
insects, and a f o u r t h to birds. A n o t h e r
type t a k e s things as t h e y come, a peculiar stone here, and an u n u s u a l t r e e
there. Trails m a y v a r y in length f r o m
one-half to eight or nine miles. Nine
miles is obviously too long f o r a golf
course but a trail t h r e e - q u a r t e r s to one
mile long, with an occasional o p p o r t u n i t y
to r e t u r n to civilization can be a r r a n g e d
on any eighteen hole golf course having
woods, and even woods are not necessary. The trail m u s t n o t be so long t h a t
the w i f e and y o u n g son cannot finish
b e f o r e the husband plays his round, but
should be long enough to afford a fine
o p p o r t u n i t y to keep little Bobbie i n t e r ested and painlessly teach him something
while waiting f o r Dad. The long trails
are o f t e n stake trails on which objects
of i n t e r e s t are n u m b e r e d a n d the trail
follower r e f e r s to the n u m b e r in the
guide book which has been f u r n i s h e d
him f o r i n f o r m a t i o n on the subject. The
n u m b e r e d stakes are changed f r e q u e n t l y
with the changing seasons. This type of
trail would obviously be impractical f o r
children and quite expensive to keep up,
b u t it eliminates the necessity of large
signs in t h e woods. The simplest type of
t r a i l is the " b a g g a g e - t a g t r a i l " on which
linen tags, lettered with waterproof ink
are used to i d e n t i f y and tell the story
of the plant, insect, rocks and birds.
A n a t u r e trail will usually border or
f r a m e a golf course and have its ent r a n c e and exit n e a r the clubhouse.
If t h e r e is an existing woodland t r a i l
which touches fields, swamps and woodlands, it will save a g r e a t deal of time
and effort of c u t t i n g on the p a r t of the
greenkeeper. In selecting or laying out
a path, one should have it lead to some
kind of a climax, such as a high rock
f r o m which t h e r e is a b e a u t i f u l view, or
a lake, a bed of wild flowers, or a cool
r e f r e s h i n g picnic g r o u n d in the pines.

As you set out to make the trail,
plainly visible markers should be posted
on any p a r t along the route which may
have to be cleared to make the trail easy
to follow. This rather narrow path
should disturb the vegetation as little as
possible. Fallen logs and exposed roots
can be cut out whenever necessary. A
simple log walk can be built across wet
spots, A crow bar, pick, and shovel will
be the most useful tool with which to remove rocks, and shove aside fallen logs.
An axe to cut out the logs or stumps
will be the only other tool necessary to
complete the job.
If you are not familiar with the various plants, rocks, insects and birds in
your locality, have some local naturalist,
go over the ground to help you jot down
the information that seems important
and note the interesting features. When
you are ready to begin labeling, there
are many kinds of labels and signs to be
considered. The simplest kind is the
linen tag which is cheap, but rarely lasts
more than one season. More serviceable
is the wooden label of thin ply board 3 %
to 5 inches, painted a dull color and lettered with dark green or black. These
are fastened to painted sticks or wired
to trees and never tied to plants themselves. More elaborate signs are the tripod, pulpit, turn-about, and hidden
labels which I will describe.
The tripod sign is usually supported
by three sticks in the manner of an
easel. The pulpit sign is a wooden label
tilted as a pulpit and supported by a
stake in the ground. This type is better
f o r low plants such as moss and ferns,
f o r they are placed low along the ground
and are easy to read f r o m a standing
position.
Turn-about labels have questions on
the face and answers on the reverse side
and pivots on its center by pulling a cord.
A hidden label is a small thin sheet of
zinc suspended f r o m a large screw-eye
which is fastened to the t r u n k of the
tree. The label is seen when the zinc is
lifted up. The best way to make zinc
labels is to cut a thin sheet of zinc, paint
with two coats of white enamel and letter with a fine brush and India ink. Give
two coats of varnish and punch holes
f o r fastening with nails. Rustic labels
made f r o m gray birch slabs, cut at a
slant, would be very attractive on a golf
course.
Sheltered labels are simple
boards with a little peaked overhanging
roof. Labels should identify, be friendly,
ask questions, tell the story of the diff e r e n t plants and animals, or give a sug-

gestion to conserve or police the trail.
For example, a sign on the Bear Mountain trail reads "Do not destroy the wild
flowers; others wish to see them."
Borers at work on stumps, webs and
ant hills demonstrate the manner in
which insects work and live. Some in*
sects, such as the Katy-Did, may be kept
in boxes with sides of glass or fine wire
mesh, along the sides of the trail. These
insects would be hiding during the day
so that a lot of people would not see
them. Attention may be called to some
interesting characteristic of the insect
by means of a label. For example, one
of Dr. Lutz's labels reads, "Happy are
the cicadas lives; For they all have voiceless wives."
Rustic bird houses may be placed on
the edge of the woodlands which shelter
most of the birds and generously stocked
feeding stations close by will attract
many various kinds of nesting birds in
your locality. Apples, bread crumbs,
sunflower and canary seeds and hemp
and millet will provide an adequate diet
f o r most types of birds. The value of
birds to a golf course is well known by
many greenkeepers who find that the
sparrows and gold finches will destroy
weeds. Tree swallows near a pond sweep
the air clean of mosquitos. Chickadees
destroy insect eggs. The brown thrush
and catbird destroy the insects which are
too large f o r the smaller birds to handle.
The gay plumage of the birds, their song
and their sudden and unexpected movements create a cheerful atmosphere
which will delight both the golfer and
trail follower.
Some members may object to a nature
trail bordering the golf course as being
dangerous f o r stray shots t h a t may find
their way along this path. It is doubtf u l that there is any danger if the trail
is fifty or more feet in the woods. In
this case, the greenkeeper need not be
entirely blocked in his efforts to bring
his members closer to nature.
Many
beautiful trees on the course may be
labeled; small ponds on the f a i r w a y
may serve as points of interest as well
as hazards. In my opinion, the area
about the tees is the most important
place f o r the greenkeeper to start his
n a t u r e project, especially the walk f r o m
green to tee, if it is through woods or
swampy areas. These short trails will
lead up to interest in longer n a t u r e
trails.
Oakmont Country Club, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, has small signs near the
greens explaining the variety of grasses

on the greens. W h y not t h e birds, insects, a n d animals which are occasionally seen n e a r the green. F o r example,
deer m a y be f r e q u e n t l y seen in a clearing, and a n a r r o w would be pointing in
t h a t direction. On the Banff Springs
Course in Canada, t h e r e is a sign which
says "Look f o r t h e m o u n t a i n goat t h r e e
t h o u s a n d f e e t above us."
The signs
n e a r the tees could be changed to conf o r m with seasons, and keep continued
interest.
P e r h a p s a t r a i l m a y be impractical
because of lack of woods, similarity of
t e r r a i n , closeness of holes, or lack of
unused l a n d ; don't give up t h e idea
t h a t n a t u r e doesn't exist there.
D u r i n g the course of t h e year, the
g r e e n k e e p e r and his men observe m a n y
i n t e r e s t i n g n a t u r a l phenomona, and of
t e n destroy m a n y n a t u r a l curiousities
because to t h e m they are common. They
f o r g e t t h a t the player seldom has a
chance to get out and commune with
n a t u r e , and, t h e r e f o r e , h a s n ' t seen these
a p p a r e n t l y simple things.
A museum
would preserve such i n t e r e s t i n g bits of
n a t u r e , which could be a r r a n g e d in t h e
f o r m of a series of exhibits, pictures,
diagrams, specimens, p h o t o g r a p h s with
e x p l a n a t o r y comments. When you find
and i d e n t i f y an animal t r a c k , you can
mix some plaster paris and p o u r i t into
the f o o t p r i n t . The plaster paris becomes a cast which can be b r o u g h t home
and later m o u n t e d on the s u r f a c e of a
set block of cement. A f t e r the n a m e of
t h e animal h a s b e e n p r i n t e d on t h e
cement block, it can be exhibited in the
m u s e u m as an e n t e r t a i n i n g novelty.
Small cement blocks of this kind m a y
also be used as book ends. Arrowheads,
woodchuck teeth or i n t e r e s t i n g minerals
would help.
An i n t e r e s t i n g display
might be a section of t r a y s of growing
b e n t grasses raised on the course in
the s u m m e r time, samples of fertilizers
and m e r c u r y compounds f r o m r a w to
finished state, samples of weed and grass
seeds which are m o u n t e d , pictures of
various weeds and grasses, section of
t u r f showing the effect of snow mould
in the spring, or p y t h e u m and large and
small brown patch in the summer,
m o u n t e d speciments of J u n e , J a p a n e s e
and Asiatic beetles. M a n y of the exhibits
in the m u s e u m can be effectively
labeled, f o r example, the weed label on
a dandelion m a y be used to explain how
the seeds are blown on and affect t h e
g r e e n . The a u t u m n foliage provides us
with m a n y samples f o r a leaf collection
and with the o p p o r t u n i t y to explain the

color changes. Most of our group here
are m a k i n g an active s t a r t in this direction if t h e y will display the sealed glass
t u b e s containing speciments of their soil
types, various g r a s s seeds, f u n g i , f e r t i l izers and insects, a b o u t which the average golfer knows very little. W i t h this
collection as a s t a r t , we can use a n y
available space in t h e clubhouse, or n e a r
t h e first tee. The ideal spot would be
an addition to the professional shop, and,
undoubtedly, the professional would
gladly cooperate in the simple maint e n a n c e of this room. This is an excellent o p p o r t u n i t y to become a c q u a i n t e d
with y o u r m e m b e r s in an easy m a n n e r ,
f o r t h e y will ask you a b o u t these curiosities and you can tell t h e m a b o u t other
oddities and other points of i n t e r e s t
a b o u t the course.
The cost of a n a t u r e m u s e u m would
be very small, unless a special building
was added. Some members would probably help to increase your collection, and
the cost of the m a i n t e n a n c e would be
practically nil.
I realize t h e p l a n n i n g of a n a t u r e
t r a i l or museum is a p r o j e c t which varies
with the locality and will p r e s e n t different opportunities to each greenkeeper.
I personally f e e l t h a t a n a t u r e t r a i l or
museum will be worthwhile on m y golf
course because it will t e a c h conservation, develop a m o n g the m e m b e r s a
g r e a t e r appreciation of n a t u r e , enable
me to m a k e new personal contacts, be
more respected by m y members, and increase t h e value of the club to all t h e
m e m b e r s and their families.
ERAS A N D FADS IN GOLF COURSE
MAINTENANCE
T h o m a s R. Bowen, Greenkeeper,
Utica Golf Course and C o u n t r y Club,
New York Mills, N. Y.
We who are engaged in the maint e n a n c e of t u r f e d areas, are well acquainted with t h e f a c t t h a t ideal f a i r way, tee and p u t t i n g g r e e n conditions
are r a r e l y ever developed simply by
l e t t i n g n a t u r e t a k e its course. The m a i n
effect in large scale t u r f production a n d
m a i n t e n a n c e is t o w a r d k e e p i n g the grass
p l a n t s in the same stage of g r o w t h
t h r o u g h o u t the playing season, a procedure in direct opposition to n a t u r e
f o r she has intended t h a t her plants
shall pass g r a d u a l l y t h r o u g h cycles,
f r o m t h e seedling and active vegative
stage to seed production and m a t u r i t y .

0

NEW PROCESS

fairway
6-S-4

Formula with a Humus-Forming
Organic Base

H e r e is an ideal golf course fertilizer
and a sound investment 1 if price be measured by comparative results. Scientific research has developed the proper, balanced
ratio of p l a n t food elements f o r growing
good t u r f :
6 Units Nitrogen
8 Units Available Phosphoric Acid
4 Units Potash
V-C Fairway is non-acid-forming. It will
not m a k e y o u r soil more acid and can be
used continuously without f e a r of m a k i n g
the soil too acid f o r growing a good lawn.
V-C Fairway contains sterilized ground
tobacco s t e m s — t h a t good h u m u s material.
Ton, $48.00. 5 tons, $46.00 per ton.

85 State Street—Boston, Mass.
—Seedsmen Since 1 8 1 8 —

NEW

ENGLAND

DISTRIBUTORS

FOR

THE RELIABLE

ANT

ANTUBfc

CONTROL

FOR GOLF GREENS AND LAWNS
' B A D e MARK B £ & °

NO BUYING RISK:

SELECT YOUR

PACKING

Country Club Size: Twelve L a r g e B U C K E Y E A n t u b e s with F o u r
D r o p p e r a t t a c h m e n t s . Delivered f o r 9.25. Use one. If not entirely satisfied r e t u r n balance and owe nothing. E n o u g h to make 6000 drop applications.
Bulk Quart Packing: Complete with P a t e n t Dropper Gun. Both sent
delivered f o r $10.00. E n o u g h to m a k e 10,000 drop applications.
Look For The Blue Packages—•

New England Toro Co.
DISTRIBUTORS FOR N E W E N G L A N D
IU1 Washington St., West Newton
—
WESt New: 1658

On this side of the water, we have
gone a long way f r o m the original spirit
of the game of golf as it was played
on Scottish heaths where every player
expected, and even now still expects to
play the ball exactly as it lies, whether
the lie be good, bad, or on bare ground.
Today, our golfers demand a weedless
t u r f , perfect brassie lies, dry fairways in
spring, and soft resilient turf
in
August.
This increasing demand f o r perfection
has been made on every greenkeeper,
regardless of whatever turf situation he
has inherited f r o m the golf course contractor and previous committees; regardless of soil types, soil fertility and
what not. Naturally, every progressive
greenkeeper has made an earnest endeavor to meet this demand and overcome, if possible, any untoward conditions prevailing on his course.
This noble effort on the part of the
greenkeeper has resulted in various
remedies and fads, some of which, successful in varying degrees where originally tried, have swept across the
country in cycles or waves of so-called
"cure-alls" or panaceas. Within all too
recent memory, we have enjoyed f o u r
or five of these cycles, a nice but very
expensive game of follow the leader.
Just previous to the outbreak of
hostilities in the last World War, our
golf courses were white-washing their
fairways and greens with lime, and
applying very little fertilizer to replenish the plant food supply which was
rapidly exhausted by the very high rate
of availability induced by the liming.
This panacea eventually reached the
tolerance point limit in about 1922, and
it was decided t h a t liming was the
cause of the majority of turf troubles,
especially many varieties of weeds.
About this time, some experiments
conducted in Rhode Island disclosed t h a t
certain fine turf grasses thrived best on
slightly acid soils and that various
weeds which usually accompanied these
grasses could not exist in this environment. This discovery was widely advertised and the ultimate result was the
never-to-be-forgotten epidemic of heavy
application of ammonium sulphate, more
commonly r e f e r r e d to as the "sulphate
of ammonia era." While astonishingly
successful results were experienced at
first, the cumulative effects of regular,
heavy applications of this inorganic
fertilizer resulted in some very interesting conditions. Te begin with, soils that

were still evidencing the effects of excessive liming and no fertilizing were suddenly exposed to the other extreme. On
the other hand, soils t h a t were bordering on the optimum pH line gradually
sagged to a dangerous degree of acidity.
Fungus diseases enjoyed an unequalled
period of prosperity on these ideal situations. Patches of unsightly clover ravaged greens as a result of the enormous
supply of potash that was liberated and
made soluble by the constant applications
of this caustic chemical. Concentrations
of soluble aluminum and iron appeared
as toxic agents on these highly acid soils
and much needed phosphoric acid was
made unavailable. Finally, the deflouculating effects of this inorganic increased
compaction and added to the dilemma of
many a beleaguered greenkeeper.
The agitation exerted by ammonium
sulphate on compaction, resulted in the
utilizing of devious methods of "opening
u p " tight, hidebound soils. The use of
sand and peat mixtures f o r conditioning
and aerating purposes had been used
very successfully on the peculiar soil
conditions prevailing on the British Isles.
When it was generally recognized that
these materials would alleviate the compact condition existing on many courses
over here, the "Sand and Peat E r a "
emerged as a panacea. Although the
abnormal acid condition prevailing on
many courses at this time was not improved by applications of these materials, a temporary improvement in aeration was noted and soon, regular heavy
applications of sand and peat became a
routine procedure on many golf courses.
In fact, the practice has not entirely disappeared yet. That the additions of these
materials in the f o r m of top dressings
exerted only a temporary effect on soil
porosity is illustrated by t h e f a c t t h a t
investigations have disclosed t h a t actual
stratification or layering of these materials appeared on areas where applications of sand and peat were used indiscriminately.
A f e w years later, the difficulties of
securing pure seed of the bent family in
practical quantities resulted in the discovery that phre strains of creeping
bent could be vegetatively propogated
by means of stolons. Many perfectly
good putting greens, especially those
sown with German Mixed Bent, were
torn up in different sections of the country, simply because of the pronounced
variations in color, characteristic of this
type bent grass. However, the fallacy

T

HE economy of operation and maintenance of Pennsylvania Mowers is no accident!
It is a "planned economy," worked out by Pennsylvania engineers just as carefully as the ease and accuracy of cutting for which Pennsylvanias are so famous.
Pennsylvania designers are constantly at work to build still more perfect, more economical mowers. Plan your own economy in mowing costs by giving the two Pennsylvanias described below a thorough test in competition with other mowers. Such
a comparison will prove to you their greater efficiency and economy.
Pennsylvania Super-Roller Greensmower
Ball b e a r i n g , h i g h speed 8 - b l a d e c y l i n d e r p r o vides a smooth, ribless cut t h a t insures a
perfect putting surface.
B l a d e s a r e of t h e
finest crucible analysis steel—oil
hardened
a n d t e m p e r e d . T r a i n of 3 c u t g e a r s , r u n n i n g
i n g r e a s e in d u s t - t i g h t case, a s s u r e s a n e a s y pushing, f a s t - c u t t i n g mower. Castor wheels
a r e m o u n t e d in h a r d e n e d s t e e l b u s h i n g w i t h
aiemite lubrication.
Extra castor wheel for
c u t t i n g s h a r p l y u n d u l a t i n g greens. T h e l i g h t
w e i g h t a l u m i n u m rollers, 7 inches in d i a m e t e r , are i n t e r c h a n g e a b l e r i g h t or left.

Pennsylvania DeLuxe Fairway
A v a i l a b l e i n b o t h 30 i n c h a n d 38 i n c h s i z e s .
Unbreakable malleable iron construction.
6
h e a v y c r u c i b l e a n a l y s i s steel blades p r o v i d e
a s m o o t h c u t (5 b l a d e s if p r e f e r r e d ) . T i m k e n
r o l l e r b e a r i n g s on c y l i n d e r a r e a d j u s t a b l e , t o
t a k e u p w e a r . T h e r a i s e d e d g e l o w e r b l a d e is
reversible.
T r a i n of m a c h i n e - c u t
hardened
g e a r s on B O T H s i d e s , p r o t e c t e d b y d u s t p r o o f , g r e a s e - r e t a i n i n g cases.
Steel
roller
w i t h h a r d e n e d steel
bearings.
Pneumatic
tjres optional.
3 0 - I N C H M O D E L K F A I R W A Y is m a d e o f
cast iron and offered at a lower price.

PENNSYLVANIA
LAWN

MOWER

WORKS

Primos, Del. Co., Pennsylvania, U. S. A.

Send for our
Latest

Catalog!

Q U A L I T Y
L A W N

JOHN J. NYHAN
WOODWORTH BRADLEY, INC.

M

O

W

E

R

S

120 Cypress Street, Brookline, Mass.
131 Dorrance Street, Providence, R. I.

of this action was recognized when it was
discovered t h a t the various species of
bents comprising German Bent Mixtures
afforded a natural protection against
complete loss of a green as the result of
a serious f u n g u s attack. Where a particularly weak strain of bent was vegetatively planted, the ultimate complete loss
of an entire green was not uncommon
a f t e r a f u n g u s attack. The stolon cycle
has lasted well but it has brought on, in
addition to increased susceptibility to
f u n g u s diseases, difficulties in the f o r m
of matting and high cost of maintenance.
Since 1930, the relentless effort
toward perfect conditioning has resulted
in the r e t u r n of Calcium compounds
combined with a definite fertilizing program. There is no doubt that lime has a
definite place in the maintenance of most
golf courses, provided a thorough understanding of its limitations as well as
its advantages are recognized.
In the evolution of this profession of
greenkeeping, the efforts to keep maintenance expenditures within budget limits has resulted in various attempts to
reduce the time required to p e r f o r m
certain routine jobs. While it can be
appreciated t h a t reduced budgets exert
a very noticeable influence on the general standard of maintenance methods,
we should carefully analyze all the factors involved before embarking on any
drastic time reduction campaign. In the
last f o u r or five years, there has been a
steady decline in the time required f o r
f a i r w a y mowing. T h a t restricted budgets have played an important part in
this decline, no one will deny. From the
standpoint of dollars and cents alone,
this represents a substantial saving.
However, the ever-present cultural cost
must also be taken into consideration.
By increasing mowing speeds in excess
of six or seven miles per hour, we increase the degree of slippage accordingly. On courses with undulating fairways, the f a c t o r of slippage is, of course,
greatly accentuated. In addition to this
significant fact, the increase in bounce
or torque, resulting f r o m excessive mowing speeds, subjects fairways to the danger of compaction. Finally, the lives of
the mowing units themselves are materially shortened by the increased vibration and resultant abuse.
In recent years, there has developed
a pronounced trend toward f a i r w a y irrigation. While no one questions the
efficacy of f a i r w a y irrigation, it is quite
certain it is by no means a cure-all. That

the applications of artificial irrigation
to large t u r f e d areas must be accompanied by careful attention to soil acidity, increased fertilization, adequate
drainage, and increased maintenance
costs are factors that are worth consideration. Unless f u n d a m e n t a l conditions
are favorable f o r artificial irrigation and
the f a c t o r s mentioned previously have
been thoroughly investigated, the steady
dousing of fairways may ultimately result in an inferior turf infested with
clover and other weeds.
These cycles or general applications
of cures and remedies should be of particular interest to the modern greenkeeper because they illustrate vividly
the f a c t t h a t a given t r e a t m e n t seldom
shows identical results on two different
golf courses because conditions of soil,
climate and other numerous factors are
seldom the same.
In fact, a given t r e a t m e n t very f r e quently does not show the same results
on all the areas of a single golf course.
The answer lies to a large extent in
knowing definitely the source of any improved method and comparing accurately the conditions under which the conclusions were reached with those of our
own courses. In this way, the old urge
to t r y every new panacea, and to keep
in step with every new f a d and cycle, is
completely eliminated.
It is readily appreciated and easily
understood t h a t it is becoming increasingly more difficult f o r f a d s and socalled "cure-alls" to gain a footing in
this profession of greenkeeping. That
institutions such as this have played a
dominant role in bringing this situation
about is significant. The greenkeeper
who is armed with a complete knowledge
of all the factors he is dealing with is
able to dispense with unsound opinions
and deal in terms of facts. The greenkeeper in this position is able to anticipate his difficulties and forestall them
with proper cultural methods. He is able
to carry on the development of his turf
under a definite, continuous program,
which outlines in advance what the requirements are .and how to deal effectively with every^ factor.
Greenkeepers who operate
under
definite turf programs are able to secure
more definite, positive results f r o m all
their efforts devoted to the development and management of turf areas.
M.S.C. 1940 Conference Paper.

YOU HAVEN'T SEEN
ANYTHING IN

SPRINKLERS
UNTIL YOU HAVE SEEN THE

NEW RAIN

BIRD

IN ACTION

Rain Bird Sprinklers a r e of the slow r o t a t i n g t y p e driven b y a n
oscillator f o r c e d o u t w a r d b y the s t r e a m and r e t u r n e d by a torsional spring
causing a n impact against t h e main nozzle t h a t is positive and steady.
T h e r e is never a n y whipping or u n c e r t a i n t u r n i n g . No i n t e r n a l mechanism
to i n t e r r u p t flow. This insures m a x i m u m coverage. W o r k i n g p a r t s a r e
on the outside, always accessible and foolproof.
No. 2 0 — S p r i n k l e s t o 80 f t . dia.
Cap. 2 t o 9 G.P.M.
With
s t a n d a r d nozzle $2.50. WTith a d j u s t a b l e nozzle $2.90. On 15" x 15" Sled
Base, % " connection, $5.00.
No. 4 0 — % " Sprinkles t o 115 f t . dia. .Cap. 5 t o 26 G.P.M.
only $5.00. W i t h 12" Roller Base $8.50.

Head

No. 7 0 — 1 " Sprinkles t o 150 f t . dia.
only $7.20. W i t h 18" Roller Base $11.00.

Cap. 12 t o 49 G.P.M.

Head

No. 8 0 — 1 % " Sprinkles to 220 f t . dia. Cap. 35 t o 104 G.P.M.
only $14.30. With 3 6 " Roller Base $22.00.

Head

mmsm

85 STATE STREET, BOSTON, MASS.
Tested Seeds, Florida Humus and V. C. Fairway Fertilizer
The Largest Seed House in New England

BLADES OF GRASS

NEW ENGLAND . . . .
ROTOTILLER

SALES

R. R. Riddle — Distributor
Route 20, Palmer, Mass. — Phone
— A G E N T S

—

H. E N G E L M A N N
Avenue
Pittsfield, Mass.
P h o n e — 4382
C. D . B L A N C H A R D
C h e s t e r C e n t e r , Mass.
P h o n e — H u n t i n g t o n 2618
R. J. A L L E N , J r .
200 H o l d e n S t r e e t
W o r c e s t e r , Mass.
P h o n e — 5-6370
RAY PEARSON
S u m m e r St.
L y n n f i e l d Center, Mass.
P h o n e — 61
E. N. B A N K S
140 S c h o o l S t r e e t
W a i t h a m , Mass.
P h o n e — 1988
ALLAN
STARKWEATHER
Dover, Mass.
P h o n e 309
Dalton

Ostervilie,

M . B.
Mass.

ALLEN
Phone Conn.

ALTON
BRAUN
Stafford Springs, Conn. Phone Conn.
ERNEST
ELFGREN
East K i i l i n g l y , Conn.
P h o n e — D a n i e i s o n 103-4
G E O R G E R. A N D E R S O N
149 S m i t h S t r e e t
P r o v i d e n c e , R. I.
Phone — MA-9707
A . M. B E L D E N
11 N o . A d a m s S t .
Manchester, N. H.
P h o n e — 2318- M
C H A R L E S G. H A Y E S
Exeter, N, H.
Phone Conn.
G E O R G E J. C O O P E R
Kennebunkport, Maine
Phone Conn.
—Let

us

give

you

a

demonstration—

In the s u b u r b a n household the p e r e n nial concern of the lord and master is
the g r e e n plot out in f r o n t known as
the lawn. Unless he is one of the b r e a k f a s t gobblers he casts a f e w loving
glances t o w a r d it b e f o r e d e p a r t i n g f o r
work. When he r e t u r n s of an evening
he reaches n a t u r a l l y f o r the hose, with
which to encourage the grass to grow.
A t the week-end he spends hours in
old clothes m a n i c u r i n g the t u r f , elimin a t i n g weeds, dandelions and other misplaced vegetation. The lawn mower is
pushed and the borders are t r i m m e d
with care. T h e r e are men who a p p e a r
more interested in blades of grass t h a n
in the baseball scores or in the f a t e of
nations.
Stirring within them is the land
h u n g e r t h a t motivated countless generations of ancestors. Devotion to a grass
plot is really the love f o r our m o t h e r —
the earth.
F r o m B o s t o n Globe ( M a y 16, 1940)

WORTHINGTON COMMENTS
For 1940
E v e r y year the W o r t h i n g t o n Mower
Company makes r e f i n e m e n t s and imp r o v e m e n t s to its machines, if necessary,
to keep up to date, and maintain our
leadership in the mowing industry.
Tractor—No changes were m a d e to
t h e "Golf C h i e f " designed in 1939.
Users f r o m over the entire
country
f o u n d it the best t r a c t o r in the field and
no improvements were necessary.
Gang Mowers—The fly k n i f e reel of
the c u t t i n g u n i t was improved f o r all
types of service by adding ! 4 " to the
width of c u t t i n g blades and increasing
h a r d n e s s by special heat t r e a t m e n t and
oil tempering. An increased angle or
pitch was given to both " V " type a n d
" S p i r a l " type reels to give more blade
contacts and smoother operation. The
new 1940 W o r t h i n g t o n unit weighs 223
pounds and we believe is the strongest
and sturdiest mower available.

OFFICERS' DIRECTORY
President
Secretary
Treasurer
Chairman,
Chairman,
Chairman,
Chairman,
Chairman,

John Counsell, 5 Ellsworth Rd., Peabody,
Philip Cassidy, N e e d h a m Golf Club, Needham,
F r a n k Wilson, Charles River C. C., Newton Centre,
E n t e r . Comm
N. Sperandio, 90 Brinsmead St., Marlboro,
Golf Comm
P a u l Hayden, 81 Orange St., W a i t h a m ,
W e l f a r e Comm
Lloyd Stott, Meadowbrook G. C., Reading,
Employ. Comm. . . A r t h u r Anderson, 358 Puller St., West Newton,
Trustees
P a u l C. W a n b e r g , 17 E d d y St., W a i t h a m ,

Mass. ;
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.

WORTHINGTON CUTTING UNITS g i v e y o u i m p r o v e d
p l a y i n g c o n d i t i o n s at l o w e r m o w i n g c o s t s
Twenty-six years of research and
practical operating experience have developed the 1940 Worthington Cutting
Unit to the highest state of efficiency
and operating economy. Gear housings
are dust, sand and grease-proof. Filled
to proper level they require checking
only once during the season. There are
no other places to grease or oil. Hand
adjustment of the bed-knife steel is an
exclusive Worthington feature—and the
quickest of any cutting unit on the
market no tools required.
^ From the greenkeepers' and operators' viewpoints, there is less fussing
Below
is t h e
conventional
s p i r a l - t y p e reel. Note s t u r d y
demountable
rims
which,
w h e n w o r n or b r o k e n accid e n t a l l y , c a n be r e p l a c e d i n
a f e w m o m e n t s a t less t h a n
y2 t h e cost of a n e w w h e e l .

and trouble with Worthington Cutting
Units and Gang Mowers. The general
design is simplicity itself, its construction strong and sturdy to give years of
service, and a beautiful cut under all
conditions with a cutting range up to
4 inches. Its ground weight is 223 lbs.
Investigate the Worthington
1940
Cutting Unit before your mowing problem becomes acute this Spring, or write
us today for complete data and specifications.
C. M . S A W T E L L E
New England
Distributor
3 Walker Terrace
Cambridge,
T e l e p h o n e : T r o w b r i d g e 7491

The W o r t hington Golf Chief and the W o r t h i n g t o n Multig a n g w i t h 7 c u t t i n g u n i t s , c u t t i n g a w i d t h of 16 f e e t is,
w e believe, the fastest, most flexible, most efficient and
economical g a n g - m o w i n g outfit in t h e w o r l d .

OLD

Above
is
the
patented
" V " or h e r r i n g b o n e reel
preferred by m a n y
golf
course
superintendents.
Note — rubber
pneumatic
tires
are
available
as
extra equipment.

Mass.

1

NEW

N o t e size o f n e w f l y - k n i f e s t e e l
section above.
I t is a s p e c i a l
heat-treated, oil-tempered alloy
steel w i t h a m i n i m u m R o c k w e l l
h a r d n e s s of 4 0 - c , a l l o w i n g f o r
greater wear and greatly lengthe n i n g t h e l i f e o f t h e reel.

PL* aUJ. wdU LEWIS TEE EQUIPMENT
Multi-Ball Roto Washer
Just f e e d dirty golf balls into t h e o p e n i n g
— turn t h e crank —and out t h e y p o p —clean,
sparkling and w h i t e . Unique construction
eliminates t r o u b l e s o m e gears. The longw e a r i n g c i r c u l a r b r u s h has an aluminum
back to p r e v e n t w a r p i n g and a constant
p r e s s u r e is kept against the ball b y a coil
spring. A drain p l u g at the bottom of t h e
a l u m i n u m case facilitates cleaning.
Roto-washers, each
$15.00
41/2 It. post for mounting, each.. 1.25

Paddle Type

Washer

This is t h e i n e x p e n s i v e w a s h e r that d o e s
such a good job of cleaning—has s u c h a n
exceptionally long life —is easily kept clean.
Just pull u p the p a d d l e — insert the ball —
and w i t h a f e w e a s y strokes the ball i s
clean. The p a t e n t e d slot ( s h o w n in t h e
p h a n t o m v i e w to the left) d o e s the job.
Brushes h a v e equalizing s p r i n g on back to
compensate for w e a r , a n d can b e easily a n d
i n e x p e n s i v e l y r e p l a c e d . W a s h e r is finished
w i t h two coats of d u r a b l e w h i t e enamel.
Paddle-Type W a s h e r s , 1 to 10, ea.„$6.00
11 or more, ea.
5.50
(price is washer
alone)

Bag Rack
L e w i s Racks a r e a
necessity on the wellgroomed course. This
s t u r d y rack is m a d e
of a scalloped aluminium c a s t i n g s e t
— s c r e w e d to a 54"
long galvanized post.
Complete, each $4.75

Regular Tee Ensemble
This includes t h e Paddle-Type
W a s h e r , Tee Stake, Tee Data
Plate, Waste Container, Towel
a n d Towel Ring. It is a comp l e t e unit for the tee. Items
may be purchased separately
if d e s i r e d .
Regular Tee Ensemble,
each
$10.50

Manufactured

i i .

fil.

L E W I S

Roto Tee E n s e m b l e
This unit is m a d e u p of t h e
Multi-Ball Roto W a s h e r , Tee
Towel a n d Towel Ring, a n d
a Waste Container w i t h Tee
Data Plate — all conveniently
mounted on a p e r m a n e n t l y installed post. Items may b e purc h a s e d s e p a r a t e l y if d e s i r e d .
Roto Tee Ensemble,
each
$19.50

by

C O M P A N Y

New England T o r o C o .
DISTRIBUTORS FOR N E W E N G L A N D
1121 Washington St., West Newton

—

WESt New. 1658