K1SW

X

"Nobody borrows trouble, b u t t h e m a n
w h o already has
m o r e t h a n h e n e e d s of i t . "

A P R I L ,

19 4 1

P R I C E C H A N G E ON " S T A N D A R D "
ALUMINUM PRODUCTS
M a r c h 20, 1941.
You are of course acquainted with the aluminum situation. Government
priorities have requisitioned all virgin aluminum. Prices are about 4 0 %
higher. All S t a n d a r d M a n u f a c t u r i n g Company prices as published in our
recent catalogue are hereby cancelled. You will please change with your
pen those prices as given below:
Page

3

4

5

6
8

Item

No. 1 Ferrule
No. 2 Ferrule
No. 3 Ferrule
Direction Sign Plates
Bag Racks
Entrance Signs
Parking Regulation Signs
Rule Signs
Fairway Yardage Markers
Mushroom Tee Markers
Arrow T y p e Marker, standard wording . . .
Arrow T y p e Marker, special wording
Practice Green Marker
Aluminum P u t t i n g Cups
Cup Setter
Ball Retriever
Ball Washer only
Ball Washer with 5' post
Ball Washer with stand
Direction Sign Complete with post, sign
plate and bag rack
Bag Rack with post

Old Price

New Price

$0.30
.75
.35
5.00
4.50
12.00
8.00
3.50
1.75
1.25
1.25
1.75
1.50
1.75
2.00
1.25
15.00
16.00
18.50

80.35
.85
.40
6.00
6.00
14.40
9.00
4.00
2.00
1.60
1.60
2.25
1.75
2.10
2.40
1.50
18.00
19.00
21.50

12.50
6.00

15.00
7.50

All orders on hand March 20 will be filled at the old price.
from this date forward will be accepted only at current prices.

NEW E N G L A N D
Distributors
1121 W a s h i n g t o n S t r e e t

TORO
for

New

All orders

COMPANY

England

• Tel. B I G e l o w 7900

West N e w t o n , M a s s .

NEWSLETTER
This N E W S L E T T E R is published by the Greenkeepers Club of New England, and sent
free to its members and their Green's Chairmen. Subscription price ten cents a copy, or a
dollar for ten copies.
G E O R G E J. R O M M E L L , JR., Editor and Business
54 Eddy Street, West Newton, Mass.
HENRY MITCHELL,

Assistant Editor

Manager

ROBERT A . MITCHELL,

April 1, 1941

Picture Editor
Vol. i 3 j No. 3

NEWSLETTER
The ideas and opinions expressed in the subject matter of this
are not necessarily those of the Editor or the members of the club as a whole.

CONTENTS
Page

FLJ

W I N T E R SCHOOL AT W A L T H A M

4

FREE LIFTS

4

RUTGERS REFLECTIONS

5

A DISCUSSION OF THE N A M E OF THE G R E E N K E E P E R S ' C L U B

6

CHAIRMAN MAILING ADDRESSES

8

DUES

8

S O M E PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS ON L A N D S C A P E P L A N T I N G

8

U N I Q U E ORGANIC FERTILIZER

10

S P O T N E W S OF G R E E N K E E P E R S

10

T A L K G I V E N B Y J U D G E J A M E S M . H U R L E Y AT M A R C H M E E T I N G

11

OUR SKI TOW

13

OUR INTELLIGENTSIA

13

T H E AMERICAN FLAG

14

A B I T OF W I S D O M

14

G R E E N K E E P E R S '

C L U B

O F F I C E R S

President, Ponkapoag Golf Club, Canton, Mass.
P H I L I P I . C A S S I D Y , Secretary, Needham Golf Club, Needh'am, Mass.
F R A N K H . W I L S O N J R . , Treasurer, 543 Dedham Street, Newton Centre, Mass.
N. J. S P E R A N D I O , Chairman Entertainment Committee, Marlboro Country Club, Marlboro, Mass.
J O H N C O U N S E L L , Chairman Welfare Committee, Salem Country Club, Peabody, Mass.
A R T H U R A N D E R S O N , Chairman Employment
Committee
Brae Burn Country Club, West Newton, Mass.
T H O M A S M A T T U S , Chairman Golf Committee, Pokochoag Club, Auburn, Mass.
SAMUEL S. MITCHELL,

W I N T E R S C H O O L AT W A L T H A M
Let's all be at the last night of the Winter
School at Waltham.
I t starts at 7 P.M., with a 70-minute picture called "Wheels Across India." Followed by
a 35-minute picture called "Army on wheels."
For eight danger filled months the famed
Denis-Roosevelt Expedition trekked through
trackless jungle, explored forbidden temples,
visited strange places in exotic India to bring
you the most exciting film of the decade,
"Wheels Across India."
This small group of intrepid explorers
braved countless perils to reach their goal —
the worshippers of the sacred snake. A ritual
t h a t may never be seen by white man again.
You won't believe your eyes when you see
these fantastic rites.
There are a hundred and one other thrilling
sequences.
Added feature of "Army on Wheels" will
show our mighty Mechanized Army in action.
This will be followed by a lunch, which in turn
will be followed by a round table discussion.
Where could you get an evening packed
with so much for nothing.
FREE LIFTS
C U T fungicide burn to a minimum after
throwing away cheap spring scales and getting set of scales capable of weighing accurately in ounces.
R E P L A C E cheap tee towels with a better
grade and buy large enough supply so that
very frequent changes could be made. Surprising member response.
HAVE fire extinguishers in clubhouse
checked for condition and location.
AGITATOR on Root Spreader makes damp
compost go through.
W O R T I I I N G T O N tee mowers used with
power. For higher cut for aprons and banks
around Greens. Substitute softer spring in
adjusting mechanism. Result: Neater appearance. Lower unit labor cost. More use
from power mower.
U N D E R G R O U N D boxes for sprinkler and
right amount of hose near each Green.
B R U S H E S on the back of Worthington Overgreen (Street Broom) used, to work in topdressing in place of mat.
HOWABOUT Sodium Arsenite on traps for
weeds? What are the dangerous possibilities
of Sodium Arsenite on traps near greens?
AT CLUB not employing gardener grow annual flowers in rows for cutting. Use in Lounge,
Ladies' Locker Room and Dining Room.
W O R T H I N G T O N power unit adapt garden
cultivator tools or have a sturdy steel rake
made for renovating and softening Traps.

K E E P parking space open during snow
storms, especially near clubhouse.
Good
member response.
D O N ' T be too late in watering in early spring.
Your fairways may be soaking wet, b u t your
greens may be dry, particularly the top inch
or two.
USE auto soap to mix emery powder with
instead of oil for lapping-in mowers. Cleaner,
quicker, and if a large amount of lapping is
done emery may be reclaimed.
E L I M I N A T E the unsightly pile of clippings
near Greens. Scatter on approaches and thin
spots in nearby Fairways right from grass
boxes.
NOW is the time to level the tees up.
T A K E care of your drains now.
ADD two nipples, one T, one valve to the '
intake on the McLean barrel. A real time
saver when recharging.
HAVE top dressing crew split up two to a
wheel barrow, each crew spreading adjoining
strips. Makes for better speed and uniformity of spreading.
DOLGE Weed Killer for poison ivy very
effective. Give a second dose at first sign of
reappearance for certain kill.
C L A P P E R is furnishing mowers for experiments a t Waltham Field Station.
T H E cost of an odometer for Fairway tractor
more t h a n justified. Areas of Fairways can
be figured very accurately. Fertilizer will
be used more efficiently and accurate area
information is absolutely necessary if chemical weed control is to be practiced.
P O S S I B I L I T I E S of snow mould after late
snow, use snow mould control early to
combat it.
K E E P your cups on the front of the greens,
in the early spring.
A M O N T H L Y report to the Chairman showing; How much money has been spent. How
it was spent. What the results have been.
In a great many cases will save a lot of time
and trouble and will make a big hit.
C H A N G E colors of flags every year, don't
use same colors as your local High School
uses, for obvious reasons.
S E E D thin spots in fairways before you roll.
P U L L I N G out Rag Weed and grubbing
Poison Ivy well worth time put in at it.
S E E D on top of snow in late winter 01 early
spring.
(Editor's Note.—If every one will contribute one of these squibs each month t h a t
would be seventy to a column. No names will
be used. We can all learn a great deal from it.)

RUTGERS REFLECTIONS
The following notes and impressions were
obtained while attending the Short Course
in Turf Management at Rutgers University,
New Brunswick, New Jersey.
There should be no conflict between the
production of turf and its proper use; nor any
conflict between the professional men whose
primary purpose is to grow grass, and those
who are entitled to use it.
The objective should be to produce a durable sward, suited to the use expected of it,
with a desirable appearance and to keep the
expense as low as is compatible with the results desired.
Heavy soils should have a pbl between 6.5
and 7.0 for best results on turf.
Soils of low p H exclude air.
Too much organic matter is harmful, it
may produce a hard layer.
If the top two inches of the soil is moist,
rain will penetrate much deeper in the soil.
You fertilize the soil not the plant, the
plant receives only what the soil will give up.
Sufficient lime will take care of aluminum
and iron toxicity.
Burning dead grass in the late fall or early
spring is beneficial for moisture penetration.
Lime may be needed even though the p H
is satisfactory.
Sodium in excess quantities puddles the
soil; calcium improves the physical condition.
The retention of fertilizer elements or plant
nutrients in the soil, and their release into
the soil solution, is due to the action of a certain portion of the soil known as the exchangecomplex.
The primary principle, from the viewpoint
of the production of a good turf, is to maintain and insure t h a t the exchange-complex is
adequately supplied with plant nutrients in
abundance and in the proper ratios. If this
condition is fulfilled good root development
is assured. One of the best examples of the
effects of improper nutrient ratios in soils develops following the use of excessive amounts
of nitrogen. Root systems fail to develop
adequately under such conditions. Similarly,
if the soil contains too much hydrogen (acid)
the plant is unable to obtain enough lime to
meet the needs of the cell walls.
The hydrogen ion concentration, which is
the active element of any acid, is too great
for normal growth.
High acidity tends to bring certain elements, such as aluminum, manganese, and
others into solution, which may prove harmful to plant growth.
The supply of calcium and magnesium as
a plant food may not be adequate in acid
soils.

Plant food availability in general is greatly
affected by the soil reaction.
Lime not only neutralizes the acids but
restores calcium to its place in the colloidal
fraction of the soil and produces significant
effects on various physical properties of the
soil.
The supply of organic matter and phosphates are influential in increasing the buffer
capacity of soils and throwing out of action
toxic amounts of aluminum and manganese.
The light or sandy soils require less lime
to raise soil reaction by a certain p H than do
the heavy or clay-like soils; and a soil high
in organic matter requires more lime than
one low in organic matter.
The greatest number of soil organisms is
found in soils which are nearly neutral in
reaction.
The control of weeds by making the soil
strongly acid is considered unwise because
certain weeds are as tolerant of acid conditions as the grass, and excessive acidity does
not permit healthy growth of turf throughout the season.
White clover was held in check by close
cutting combined with the regular use of
soluble nitrogenous fertilizers.
The addition of 10-15 lbs. of lead arsenate
per 1000 square feet a year in top-dressing
eliminated all earthworms and greatly reduced the abundance of certain weeds and
annual blue grass.
Lead arsenate should not be applied unless
needed to control grubs and earthworms,
since its continued use may possibly have a
harmful effect on the soil.
Because fungi are plants, moisture is necessary for spore germination. High humidities
and free water on turf grasses occur generally
at night and consequently most of the infection by fungi takes place during the night.
Infection may also occur in the daytime,
especially if prolonged, rainy or cloudy spells
occur. Once the spore germ tubes enter the
grass blades, they branch into numerous fine
threads. These threads absorb food from
the invaded cells, secrete toxins and cause
death of the cells involved. Other types of
fungi may invade the roots, the type of injury
these produce is more serious, however.
Corrosive sublimate is the most quickly
effective fungicide. The period of protection
is relatively short, and there is a tendency
to burn.
Calomel is the best for dollar spot. Period
of protection is longer than corrosive sublimate, and causes least burn.
Mercuric Oxide-yellow and red, is rated
between corrosive sublimate and calomel in
effectiveness and likelihood of injury.

Organic mercuries have no greater effectiveness than inorganic forms. Not as quickly
acting as corrosive sublimate, but more rapid
than calomel. Burning effect is intermediate.
The modern conception of weather is t h a t
of battles between air-masses of different
geographic origin and thus, of very different
properties. They do not mix and it is along
their fronts t h a t birth and development of
disturbances take place and t h a t sudden
changes of weather occur.
Most weather disturbances head for New
England where they are met by the Polar
Atlantic winds from the northeast, with the
result t h a t New England has more disturbances than any other section of the United
States.
Proper land drainage removes excess free
water and lowers the water table, vacating
open pore spaces and drawing in air.
Increases the capillary supply of moisture;
a lowered water table increases the zone in
which capillary water, clinging to the soil
particles, is available to plant roots.
Improves the soil-structure; a wet soil is
past.y and will not crumble in response to
tillage, hence cannot readily become loose
and friable. Drainage allows deeper root
penetration followed by increased bacterial
activity and leaving a residue of vegetable
matter.
Makes the soil warmer; excessive vaporization from a wet soil may reduce the temperature 3 to 8 degrees. A warm drained soil
permits earlier germination and more rapid
growth.
Assists decay and nitrification; soil bacteria, causing the decay of vegetable matter
secure oxygen and nitrogen from the air and
build up the resei ve of nitrogenous plant food.
Drainage prevents heaving and winter
killing of grass. Freezing wet soils causes
heaving, lifting the crowns of plants, shearing
the roots, or exposing them to extreme cold.
Nitrogen supplied solely from slowly available materials such as activated sewage
sludge, is less effective than soluble nitrogen
fertilizers which stimulate growth in the
spring and fall. Not more than one-third of
the total nitrogen required should be supplied
from such slowly available materials, on
normal soils.
Not more than one pound of soluble pure
nitrogen per 1,000 square feet should be
applied in any one application and not more
than 1 Yi pounds total nitrogen.
In diagnosing turf ailments it is necessary,
in addition to the chemical analysis of the
soil, to make a systematic study and analysis
of many factors such as drainage, texture and
structure of the soil, insect and disease outbreaks, climatic conditions, and maintenance
procedures.
JOHN COUNSEL!.

A DISCUSSION O F T H E NAME O F T I I E
G R E E N K E E P E R S ' CLUB O F
NEW ENGLAND
At the March meeting of the Greenkeepers'
Club of New England a motion was carried
to change the name of the Greenkeepers' Club
of New England to read New England Golf
Course Superintendents Association.
This
motion is to be voted upon at the April
meeting.
In view of the above, we are running two
articles in the N E W S L E T T E R , each one
taking a different slant on changing the name.
Each one who has written an article is enthusiastic for his plan. Read each one, think
it over, and come to the next meeting and
exercise your right to vote. —Ed. Note.
What's in a Name ?
If you have not been previously informed,
your notice of the April meeting will tell you
t h a t your are expected and privileged to vote
on whether you desire your Club to be known
as the "Greenkeepers Club of New England"
or the "New England Golf Course Superintendents Association."
You know of course t h a t our organization
is credited with being the first of its kind in
the United States.
The Greenkeepers Club of New England
was founded on February 25th, 1924, and
the subsequent history of the Club has
brought glory and commendation to its
"Greenkeeping" members.
Recently the by-laws of this Club were
strengthened to conform to the desire of its
members to keep this organization one of
Greenkeepers and their recognized assistants
with the necessary qualification to join.
The Club members have taken advantage
of certain privileges in the by-laws and elected
to Honorary membership, men with outstanding contributions to the Greenkeeping
profession.
The title Superintendent is not necessarily
objectionable as it does denote one who is an
overseer with power of direction: b u t taken
with the words "Golf Course" it just doesn't
jibe as a definition of a Greenkeeper.
You may disagree but the title "Golf
Course" in itself lacks the old world glamour
which is reminiscent of the connection with
"Links" and "Keeper of the Green."
There are many individual cases where the
title "Superintendent" or the name "Golf
Course" is appropriate without detracting
from the fact that the Course is in reality a
"Links" and the "Superintendent" really the
Greenkeeper.
It is true that at times the title Greenkeeper has been appropriated by men employed under us due probably to a misunderstanding of the meaning of the word as we

recognize it, or for the purpose of making an
impression.
If this reason is the sole one t h a t inspires
the desire to change the name of our Club
then the fault should be corrected at its beginning by instructing the men employed by
us what their position is: foreman, mechanic,
greensman, laborer, etc.
It is only natural t h a t a person with a
slight knowledge of the game and its necessary maintenance personnel should, when
speaking to or referring to any groundsman,
call him a greenkeeper.
For example, when t h a t traffic cop (new on
the force) came over to bawl you out, didn't
you say, "Did I do something wrong, Captain?".
When in doubt, one usually gives a person
a high rating in order not to underrate his
standing.
I feel it unnecessary to point out the financial cost or the loss of prestige of such a
change were it desirable.
On the assumption t h a t we may still progress with the sound background we now have
without claiming the title Superintendent,
then let us do so, and extend our efforts not
in a cry against some imaginary lack of
recognition as to the true definition of "Greenkeeper," but in the work of furthering Greenkeeping as members of the Greenkeepers
Club of New England.
PHILIP I.

CASSIDY.

Change the Name
" G r e e n k e e p e r s C l u b of N e w E n g l a n d "
Why?
In spite of the fact that the Greenkeepers
Club of New England is one of the oldest,
if not the oldest club of its kind in the country,
notwithstanding the fact t h a t the term Greenkeeper originated with the game of golf and
for this reason has much sentiment attached
to it, and even in spite of the fact t h a t Greenkeeping is recognized in the golfing world as
a profession, I say, "change the name. Give
it the new name of, New England Golf Course
Superintendents Association."
P u t "New England" at the beginning of our
name where it immediately points out our
location and where it is the most natural
and easiest way to say it. Substitute "association" for "club" because it seems to be
more applicable to an organization of our
type. Drop the name "greenkeeper" and
in its place substitute "Golf Course Superintendents." Why? Because the name of our
organization is not only supposed to describe
what we do and who we are to the golf clubs,
and the golfing public but to the general
public as well.
If we in our profession are going to make
progress, if we are going to raise our standards,

if we are going to elevate our position and
if we are ever going to increase our incomes
why don't we do it with a name everybody
understands?
I say the name greenkeeper is a misnomer
in describing our duties and responsibilities.
We outgrew the name many, many years
ago. It is possible that at the beginning of
the history of the profession it was intended
to include more than "Keeper of the Greens."
I presume the term green then included all
green grass on the course and the "Keeper
of the Greens" was not confined to the greens
as we know them today.
If you look for the definition of greenkeeper
in the ordinary dictionary you will be disappointed in not finding it. But if you go
to the trouble of locating a large recent unabridged edition of Webster you will find it
defined as "a person responsible for the upkeep of a golf course." But I say, even the
latest definition of greenkeeper does not do
justice to the position. A great deal more is
expected of the 1941 greenkeeper than Webster defines. He must not only be an expert
and a business manager of the upkeep of a
golf course, he must be a specialist in the
care and maintenance of skating rinks,
tennis courts, swimming pools, toboggan
slides, skiing, ski tows and other forms of
recreation. Who can say how many other
responsibilities will be added to the list in
the future.
Even though Webster's unabridged latest
dictionary does define a greenkeeper, the
general public is still very much in the dark
as to what the job is all about and I think
always will be until we make it easier for them
to understand. They have no idea of the responsibilities, the knowledge and experience
required, and the technical skill demanded.
I am not so sure that even the golfing public
is very familiar with the duties, and there is
a question whether they ever will either
until a name is applied which is more clearly
understood.
How many of our members have seen
that blank expression on a person's face when
told that you are a Greenkeeper? Wouldn't
the position you hold be so much better
understood if you stated t h a t you were a golf
course superintendent.
How many times
have you heard of your own men working
under you telling strangers t h a t they _ too
are greenkeepers? Would they be so inclined
to say t h a t they were the superintendent?
The man who develops football players,
molds the individuals into a smooth working
machine, and controls their every action in
play, is known and recognized by the public
as the football coach, and not the water
boy, or the trainer.
The man who has complete charge of the
personnel and the operations within a manu-

factoring plant is recognized as the superintendent, not the foreman, the efficiency
expert, or the engineer.
If someone told you he was the janitor
of the Empire State Building you might
immediately picture him as a sweeper and
duster, but if he told you he was the superintendent of the Empire State Building it
would immediately convey to you a position
of responsibility with attractive remuneration.
So it is, I believe with the man who has
complete charge of the personnel and the
work on the golf course. I believe that the
sooner this man is known by the public as
the superintendent of the golf course, the
sooner the public will understand the responsible position this man holds on the golf
course. They know the meaning of superintendent but I doubt if they ever will know
the true position of greenkeeper.
I don't believe the sentiment supposed to
be attached to the name Greenkeeper means
very much any way you look at it. IT doesn't
elevate his true position, it doesn't increase
his prestige and it certainly doesn't seem to
increase his remuneration. I think it is time
we were looking forward rather than backward. I say change the name of our club to
"New England Golf Course Superintendents
Association."
— HOMER C.

C H A I R M A N

M A I L I N G

DARLING.

ADDRESSES

Greenkeepers please send in correct mailing
address of your greenschairmen, so that they
will be sure to get your N E W S L E T T E R .
If you have Winter Sports at your club send
in the names and addresses of the chairmen
of Winter Sports. — Ed. Note.
T H A T RED FLAG — DUES
All members are expected to pay their
dues by January 1. Up to March 3, only 9
had been paid up, out of a possible 70. Let's
get together and be all paid up by May 1.
We could provide a doctor for the treasurer
in'case he gets heart failure.
Water must be added to certain antifreeze
materials to keep them from freezing. For
example, pure ethylene glycol solidifies at
10 degrees F° above zero, while a 50-50
mixture solidifies at 40 degrees below zero.
Pure glycerin freezes at about 60 above
zero, while a 70 per cent glycerin and 30
per cent water mixture freezes at about 34
below zero. —By W. J. A R T H U R , Charleston,
West Virginia.
Only eight of the 21 islands in the Hawaiian
archipelago are inhabited.

S O M E PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS
LANDSCAPE

O N

P L A N T I N G

When we plant trees and shrubs we like to
get immediate effect so close planting is
practised. This is desirable if some one has
the nerve to thin the plantings with the axe
or transplant to another location provided
labor is available.
Thick plantings will continue to grow and
thin themselves but no well-developed specimens will result.
In our pictures the spreading white oak is a
very beautiful tree when clothed with its
summer foliage.
The trees in the hard wood group give
landscape effect and are developed on one
side but are only valuable as a mass of foliage.
The white oak is admired for its size and
great spread.
When planting why not first plan the location of trees to stand alone and those to be
left after the extra trees for immediate effect
have been lemoved thus securing full development of at least part of our trees.
If 50 feet is the desired distance planting
at 6M feet will thin to 1234 25 and 50 feet
while 5 feet would result in 10-20-40-80 feet.
One sees trees sometimes that are too close
but if thinned would be too far apart.
We do not use our imagination enough
when planting. We seem to think a tree is
never going to grow higher than a man.
I once saw a blue spruce planted so near
an avenue that just when it began to have
size and beauty the lower branches had to be
cut off to allow traffic to pass. Shrubs also
if given ample space will grow to be something vastly different than the result where
a large number are crowded into a small
pace. As shown in our pine grove pictures
lumber trees must be close enough to discourage side branches that would make
knotty lumber.
Good soil makes good trees. White pines
thrive on sandy soil, elms can be happy in
wet places.
We should note what trees succeed in our
locality and start with them even if only
pitch pines. Then try others out.
I have noticed on the North Shore that the
hedges had been first covered with mostly
poison ivy then followed pitch pines after
which red oak were able to get started. So
if one had a place t h a t was wind swept with
poor soil one could start with any kind of
tree or shrubs that could endure the conditions
to form a wind'brake and conserve moisture
following later with better trees.
A Greenkeeper was once requested to
plant more trees but was limited to trees t h a t
produced a small crop of leaves to rake up.
He decided he would have to omit all oaks
and maples b u t could use elm, willow, ash,
birch, linden, etc.

UNIQUE ORGANIC FERTILIZER
A new type of organic fertilizer is being
produced here in New England, which is
proving of much value to golf courses as well
as for other uses in plant feeding and soil
building. The ORGANO base, which is used
in all the formulas of this fertilizer, is made
by a unique, patented process of bacterial
decomposition of various types of organic
matter, chiefly vegetable waste products
such as garbage.
It is not garbage tankage. The process is
wholly different from t h a t involved in making
garbage tankage and the product does not
resemble that material in any way. The
ORGANO process in many respects resembles
the familiar composting, but is done under
controlled conditions in digesters, and
specially selected break-down bacteria are
added instead of relying on the slow, irregular
and incomplete action in compost heaps.
(Garbage tankage is cooked in a wet mass
for the commercial recovery of greases.)
Bacterial action digests the raw material
and the heat so generated plus circulating air
dries the product, under controlled temperature conditions. This method of treatment
preserves the vital organic substances, such
as hormones and vitamins, which are broken
u p and- lost- - when organic materials are
artificially dried at high temperatures.
The ORGANO base then receives a
secondary innoculation of the valuable
strains of soil bacteria and is again ground
and screened. The analogy to the process
of the bacterial innoculation of legume seeds
should be noted. The product is either sold
at this stage for general soil building purposes or it is built up with other fertilizing
elements into a wide variety of formulas to
meet the needs of all kinds of plant fertilization problems.
ORGANO fertilizers thus give, in concentrated form, all of the best and most valuable
features of composts plus, where needed,
the chemical fertilizing materials for forced
feeding.
The wide recognition now given to the
essential roles of hormones, vitamins, bacteria
and other organic substances, not naturally
present in heat-treated organic fertilizers,
makes ORGANO of outstanding and timely
interest.
ORGANO golf course formulas for both
greens and fairways have been in active use
and under competitive test for several years.
Results achieved in actual practice fully
equal those which would be expected from
the nature of the product.
March 19, 1941.
Contrary to legend the hyena's growl does
not greatly resemble laughter.

S P O T NEWS O F G R E E N K E E P E R S
Frank Tuscher who has been working for
"Joe" Oldfield for a number of years, at
Furnace Brook and is a member of The
Greenkeepers' Club of New England was
recently married and the next day was
inducted into the army. Mr. Tuscher-Suh-is
now at Fort Bragg, N. C.
Thomas Mattus chairman of the Golf
Committee, who was married on Feb. 22,
1941, was drafted into the army March 22,
1941. " T o m " is greenkeeper at Pokachoag
Hill, G. C. Auburn, Mass.
It's funny how these boys run from one
war to another.
Arthur Anderson the esteemed greenkeeper at Brae Burn Country Club, has
just returned from another battle front,
where he emerged victorious over a murderous
Double Hernia, and is now behind the lines,
well on the way to recovery. Just another indication that you can't keep a good man
down. We all wish you speedy recovery
"Andy."
"Biir'Mitchell, he of the sod fame, has
recently changed his working address to
Portland Country Club, Portland, Maine.
Beware ye grasses of Maine you will meet
your master, now. To fight a Mitchell is
dangerous.
Hasn't Golfdom said there's
5 of them. W h a t chance has a fungus or a
bug against a Mitchell.

the only vitalized

ORGANIC FERTILIZER
made

by

C O N T R O L L E D COMPOSTING
w i t h o u t d e s t r u c t i v e artificial

heat

• Its base is a rich soil building humus.
Contains life-giving bacteria, and vitalizes
your soil with hormones, enzymes and vitamins. Clean, odorless, easy to handle
• Two special golf course formulas :
For'Fairways : 6, 5-3-1
For Greens:
8-6-2
FOR

CIRCULARS,

WRITE

O R G A N O , Inc.
617 Concord A v e n u e

Cambridge, Mass.

T A L K GIVEN B Y J U D G E J A M E S M .
H U R L E Y AT T H E M A R C H M E E T I N G
Judge James M. Hurley of the Marlborough District Court and Chairman of
Selective Service Board No. 94 gave a talk
on the Selective Service Act. He traced the
history of the Act from last October when
more than sixteen million young men between
the ages of 21 and 35 registered. Judge
Hurley explained the main classes with which
all registrants are placed.
Namely:
Class 1-A, for general military service.
Class 1-B, for limited military service.
Class 2-A, deferred because of occupational
status.
Class 3-A deferred because of dependents.
Class 4, cover a large group who are given
deferred rating for many reasons. The first
step in the process of classification was the
giving to each registrant a serial number.
This was done by the local Board and included all men registered within the jurisdiction of each Local Board Area. These
numbers called the serial number were forwarded to Washington where the National
lottery was held and at which time each
serial number was drawn by lottery and given

— N . J . SPERANDIO.

airway
0

f

a draft or what is known as the order numbers. The local board then set up the list
in accordance with the order numbers as
drawn and later mailed to each registrant in
accordance with his order number a questionnaire. Upon receipt of this questionnaire
the Board then determined those who were
eligible for Class A. Such registrants were
then mailed a medical blank called Form
200 and received notice as to the date and
place for medical examination. Upon receipt
by the Local Board of Form 200 the Board
then proceeded to make final classification.
If the registrant passed a good physical
examination he was placed in Class 1-A; if
the examination disclosed some physical
defect the registrant was placed in Class 1-B,
for limited military service or if the defect
was serious in Class 4-F, physical unfit for
any kind of military service. Judge Hurley
then touched upon the other classifications
such as students, officials deferred by law,
aliens, ministers of religion and those who
conscientiously object to war and who qualify
only for civilian work of national importance.
These young men who are being called for
military training under this peace time selective service act are making a great sacrifice.
But no thinking persons questions the need
of some such training with world conditions
as they are today.

NEW PROCESS

6-8-4 F O R M U L A W I T H A H U M U S - F O R M I N G
O R G A N I C BASE
Here is an ideal golf course fertilizer' and a s o u n d
i n v e s t m e n t if price be measured by comparative
results. Scientific research has developed the proper,
balanced ratio of plant food elements for growing
good turf:
6 Units N i t r o g e n
8 Units Available P h o s p h o r i c Acid
4 Units P o t a s h
V-C F a i r w a y is non-acid-forming. It will not
make your soil more acid and can be used continuously without fear of making the soil too acid
for growing a good lawn.
V-C F a i r w a y contains sterilized ground tobacco
stems — that good humus material.
Ton, $50.00. 5 tons, $47.00 per ton.

BRECK'S
85

STATE

STREET

SEEDSMEN

SINCE

IBIS

B O S T O N ,

M A S S .

M A R L B O R O C O U N T R Y CLUB S K I T O W , M A R L B O R O , MASS.

Photos by

O p e r a t e d by Toro T r a c t o r

Clapper

O U R

SKI

T O W

Last winter we decided that quite a bit of
revenue could be garnered and a great convenience offered to our members by the erection of an inexpensive ski-tow on our golf
course. We found on investigating the matter that it is really a very simple problem
which may be worked out by anyone who
has some mechanical ability.
The pictures enclosed better tell the story
than words, but these few facts might really
interest you. The total length of rope is
about 900', and is of course spliced into one
continuous length. This is operated over
pulleys with the return portion quite high.
The upgrade portion is run with one pulley
at each end which allows the rope to touch
the snow if necessary, but it can be held at
normal waist height with ease.
Power is gained by simply bolting a secondhand car wheel with tire to the outside of
our TORO Bullet Tractor rear wheel. This
acts as a sheave, and, having tires for side
walls, prevents slipping. Travelling speed
of the tow rope is normally from 7 to 10
miles per hour. However, by using the several gear ratios, this may be lowered or increased. No governor was found necessary,
but one might be added later if the load
fluctuates too much.
We have 9 floodlights so arranged t h a t
these are on the same poles which carry t h e
tow-rope pulleys. Such posts are offside to
prevent injury should one be careless when
coming up the tow.
As yet no accidents have taken place, and
we have handled as many as 2,000 up the
tow per hour on many Sundays. Next year
we shall remove the electrical safety cutoff
used on our Sickle Bar Attachment and rig
this to a bumper at the top of the tow run.
The slightest bump into this by a skier who
might not let go in time will shut off the
power and thus prevent any injury.
The total cost of our ski tow — that is,
ropes, pulleys, lights, wires, and erection or
construction — is about $200.00. The operation cost is very small as the tractor burns
about one gallon of gasoline per hour and
lights are very inexpensive.
Our ski tow is extremely popular with the
less skilled skiers for the reason t h a t our hill
is not too steep and the run is not too long.
Such hills can no doubt be found on most
golf courses. We prefer to cater to the rank
and file of our members than to the experts
who insist on the longer and more rigid skiing
tests. These we leave to the mountainous
regions.
We find t h a t the average person will gladly
pay the small charge for use of the ski tow
and thus be relieved of the physical effort of
the uphill climb. After all, the great thrill
of skiing is the downhill run and the tricks

or stunts which can be done without great
physical injury hazards.
Incidentally, we are able to use the TORO
Tractor to run our ski tow because of its versatility and speed range. During the rest of
the year this machine is used for mowing
fairways and also runs a Sickle Bar Attachment for cutting the rough. A snow plow
attached to the front of the tractor keeps all
our driveways and roads open promptly after
storms. In addition, it is an excellent outfit
for general utility work all over our golf
course.
I invite every greenkeeper who may have
a similar idea in his mind to visit our ski tow
at any time and see how simple it really is,
how many folks patronize it, and what an
opportunity it affords to please members in
the "off season."
N. J.

SPEFANDIO,

Marlboro Country Club, Marlboro, Mass.
O U R

INTELLIGENTSIA

Messrs. Counsell, Wanberg and Henry
Mitchell left Boston on Sunday morning
February 15, for New Brunswick, New Jersey,
armed with their Sherlock Holmes outfits,
where they sniffed and snooped, for information at Rutgers and then back to Boston and
look down their noses at the rest of us.
OLD SOD.

FOR S A L E
The Greens

of the

NEW ALPINE
COUNTRY CLUB
IN

FITCHBURG

of which there are nine

in

good condition. Address inquiries to R. J. P R O C T O R ,
:/o Fitchburg Paper Company,
Fitchburg, Mass.

T H E AMERICAN FLAG
A sequel to the article in March issue.
"Old Glory," is the oldest established
National Flag in the world, and Betsy Ross
was not the original designer of "Old Glory,"
as is _ generally believed, but t h a t Francis
Hopkinson, is the original designer and t h a t
he also designed the "First Great Seal of the
U. S."
T H I N G S T O AVOTD
1. Do not dip the Flag of the United States
to any person or anything. The regimental
color, State flag, organization or institutional
flag will render this honor. At sea the Flag
may be dipped in acknowledgement of the
salute of the flag of another nation.
2. Do not display the Flag of the United
States with the union down, except as a
signal of distress.
3. Do not place any other flag or pennant
above or to the right of the Flag of the United
States.
4. Do not let the Flag of the United States
touch the ground or trail in the water.
5. Do not place any object or emblem of
any kind on or above the Flag of the United
States.

A BIT OF WISDOM
By Albert Edward Wiggam
Many people say, "Oh. how much happier
I would be if I could do Bigger Things."
Is this true?
Yes
No
Answer to Question
In most cases, no. Success pleases anyone,
but the mere size of the job is not the "chief
source of happiness, b u t doing the job successfully—whether big or little. The testimony of people doing big things shows they
are no happier in their jobs than people in
humbler positions. Psychologist Goodwin
Watson, who has devised tests of happiness,
finds t h a t happiness is an attitude of mind,
chiefly due to healthy performance of one's
everyday duties and meeting wholeheartedly
the obligations of life. Friends, and a fairly
congenial job, are the chief things that bring
happiness.
The oldest known turtle on record is a
Marion's tortoise t h a t lived on the island of
Mauritius for 152 years.
The pyramid of Cheops in Egypt contains
4,000,000 tons of stone.

6. Do not use the Flag as drapery — use
bunting.
7. Do not fasten the Flag in such a manner
as will permit it to be easily torn.
8. Do not drape the Flag over the hood,
top or sides of a vehicle, or of a railroad train,
or boat. If it is desired to display the Flag
on a motor car affix the staff firmly to the
chassis or clamp it to the radiator cap.
9. Do not use the Flag to cover a speaker's
desk or to drape over front of a platform or
over chairs or benches.
10. Do not display the Flag on a float in
a parade except on a staff.
11. Do not use the Flag as a ceiling covering.
12. Do not use the Flag of the United
States as a portion of a costume or of an
athletic uniform. Do not embroider it upon
cushions or handkerchiefs or print it on
paper napkins or boxes.
13. Do not p u t lettering on the Flag.
14. Do not use the Flag of the United
States in any form of advertising nor fasten
an advertising sign to a flag-pole.
15. Do not display, use, or store the Flag
in such a manner as will permit it to be easily
soiled or damaged.

!
LET W O O D R U F F

HELP

YOU

Just as it is your j o b to keep the
course in top playing c o n d i t i o n — i t
is W o o d r u f f ' s j o b to study grasses,
and the g r o w i n g conditions they face
on N e w England soils. Put to w o r k
the experience gained on the W o o d ruff Proving Grounds. W r i t e today.
Distributed

by:

N e w England Toro'Co.
Connecticut Toro Co.

GRASS SEED DIVISION
AND
F.
SONS
I N'C.
H.

WOODRUFF

I'.nwimn

§S

jCBmasaggi

r

WITH THE LAHOR-SAVING
This year your biggest problem lies — not in getting
enough players — but in maintaining good playing
conditions for the thousands who will tee off on your
course. This heavy traffic presents a maintenance
problem that will be aggravated by an acute shortage
of unskilled labor.
This problem is easily solved. The 7-Gang ..Pennsylvania Fairway saves time, labor and money. And you
get a bonus of 20% if you use the special 35-inch units —
which cut a 20% wider swath than the conventional
30-inch size. This means a 20% saving in time, fuel and
— most important at this time — a 20% saving in labor.

MANY REFINEMENTS THIS YEAR
T h e popular light-weight tubular frame has been further improved
this year, making for the utmost flexibility in transportation and
storage of t h e gang mowers. T h e iron wheel model has spuds cast
on the treads to prevent slippage and to add t o t h e life of the wheel.
T h e casting with t h e lower blade attached is now removable without
dismantling the mower. These are b u t a few of the outstanding
features of the Pennsylvania Fairway, completely covered in our
new catalog.

Catalog

ue

rrJ)(N
*

LAWN

J O H N J . NYHAN
WOODWORTH BRADLEY, INC

PENNSYLVANIA

FAIRWAY
SEND
FOR
NEW
1941
CATALOG
Have all t h e
facts before you
when you select
your new mowers.
This 1941 catalog
shows all t h e special Pennsylvania
Golf Mowers t h a t
can save you
money and solve
your la^bor problems.

(a^||Jl
MOWER

WORKS

PENN/^
^

120 Cypress S t r e e t , Brookline, Mass.
131 D o r r a n c e Street, Providence, R. I.

W o r t h i n g t o n G o l f Chief and 7 - G a n g M o w e r at D r u i d H i l l s G o l f C l u b , A t l a n t a , G a . ,
p u l l i n g up steep grade w i t h o u t slippage and w i t h o u t necessity for dual rear wheels

The W o r t h i n g t o n Golf Chief a n d
7-Gang Mower k e e p your f a i r w a y s in b e t t e r
s h a p e with less t i m e , t r o u b l e and m o n e y
W o r t h i n g t o n Cutting Units with wider, harder blades subdue the toughest
Bermuda grass and stand u p under years of daily use on thousands of golf courses
from Maine to California, say Greenkeeping Superintendents who pride themselves on giving their members the finest possible playing surfaces.
With the Worthington Golf Chief Tractor t h a t "goes wherever anything on
wheels can travel," you have the most efficient, most economical mowing combination on the market today.
Tear out and mail this coupon, today, for illustrated catalogue of Worthington golf course machinery
that can save you time, labor and money, loo.

CHESTER M. SAWTELLE • New England
Distributor
2000 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Mass. • Phone K I R k l a n d 2000

WORTHINGTON M O W E R
MAIN OFFICE:

STROUDSBURG,

PA.

*

COMPANY

SALES AGENCIES:

ALL

PRINCIPAL

W O R T H I N G T O N M O W E R CO., STROUDSBURG, PA. Dept. N E / A p
Please send me your Golf Course Catalogue at no obligation.
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ADDRESS
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