ragws

iiEWlEK

ADVERTISERS' NUMBER

JOHN

SHANAHAN'S

SEASONABLE

HINTS

CHARLES PARKER'S

A NEW

SPIKE

ROLLER

FEBRUARY
1931

This N E W S L E T T E R is published
monthly by t h e Greenkeepers Club of
N e w E n g l a n d , and sent f r e e to its members and t h e i r Greens' C h a i r m e n . Subscription price ten cents a copy, or a
dollar a year.
G U Y C. W E S T

Editor

312 Mt. Pleasant St., Fall River, Mass.

MARSTON B U R N E T T

Business M g r .

330 W a l t h a m St., West Newton, Mass.

Copyright, 1931, b y t h e
e r s Club of N e w E n g l a n d .
F e b r u a r y , 1931.

Greenkeep-

Vol. 3, No. 2.

" T h e r e is h a r d l y a n y t h i n g in this
world t h a t some m a n c a n n o t m a k e a
little worse and sell a little c h e a p e r ,
and t h e people who consider price only
a r e this m a n ' s l a w f u l p r e y . "
— J o h n Ruskin.
We t a k e p l e a s u r e in s u b m i t t i n g f o r
y o u r a p p r o v a l our first A d v e r t i s e r s '
N u m b e r . W e hope t h a t it m a y help you
with y o u r S p r i n g buying. We were
pleased to n o t e t h e c o o p e r a t i o n which
o u r a d v e r t i s e r s gave us to help m a k e
t h i s n u m b e r a success, a n d we h e a r t i l y
t h a n k t h e m f o r this c o o p e r a t i o n .

SEASONABLE

HINTS

F r o m M a r c h 1 to e a r l y April is t h e
most t r y i n g t i m e of t h e whole y e a r on
t h e n e r v e s of t h e G r e e n k e e p e r . Some
m a y laugh a t such a s t a t e m e n t a n d say,
" W h a t has t h e G r e e n k e e p e r to w o r r y
a b o u t in March, t h e season has n o t y e t
begun?"
My a n s w e r is, t h e m o s t t r y i n g time
on t h e n e r v e s of t h e soldier is j u s t b e f o r e
t h e b a t t l e , and so it is with t h e Greenk e e p e r — t h e b a t t l e is a b o u t to begin,
and t h e t h o u g h t keeps c o n t i n u a l l y r u n n i n g t h r o u g h his m i n d , — w i l l t h e g r e e n s
g e t b y March w i t h o u t W i n t e r kill?
I have asked w h a t is t h e best t h i n g to
do to help to p r e v e n t W i n t e r kill on
g r e e n s . The best t h i n g t h a t I know of
is, w h e n b u i l d i n g y o u r g r e e n s to g r a d e
t h e m so t h a t t h e y will shed all s u r f a c e
water.
A b o u t M a r c h 1 if t h e r e is little or no
f r o s t in t h e g r o u n d and t h e g r e e n s a r e
covered with loose snow, t h e n look out.
At t h a t t i m e S p r i n g is coming. It shows
itself n o t only on t o p of t h e g r o u n d
b u t also u n d e r n e a t h . If t h e r e is no f r o s t

in t h e g r o u n d and it is covered with loose
snow, it s o m e t i m e s c r e a t e s a h e a t t h a t
s t a r t s the g r a s s to grow, and we all
know t h a t when grass c o m m e n c e s to
g r o w it has got to have air. If n o t it
will die, t h e r o o t s soon following. So
w h e n you find y o u r g r e e n s in t h a t condition g e t t h e snow off.
Dui-ing March w h e n t h e f r o s t a n d
snow have l e f t the g r o u n d we somet i m e s g e t a spell of w a r m w e a t h e r . T h e
g r a s s s t a r t s to grow. Quite suddenly it
t u r n s cold, followed by n o r t h e a s t storms,
sleet f r e e z i n g as it falls. I believe we
g e t m o r e W i n t e r kill f r o m this kind of
s t o r m t h a n all o t h e r causes. If t h e A
g r a s s is g r o w i n g , a n d t h e sleet r e m a i n s
on t h e g r e e n s m o r e t h a n a couple of
days, b r e a k it u p if you possibly can.
You c a n n o t b r e a k u p f r o z e n snow or
ice on g r e e n s when t h e wind is in an
e a s t e r l y direction, f o r t h e r e a s o n t h a t
it does n o t loose its hold on the grass,
b u t it b r e a k s up quite easily w h e n t h e
wind is in a n y s o u t h e r l y direction.
So I would advise all you G r e e n s
C o m m i t t e e m e n to k e e p in "close t o u c h
with y o u r G r e e n k e e p e r a t this time. If
he h a s no W i n t e r gang, place him in
such a position t h a t when he needs help
he can j u m p into t h e old flivver and g e t
men e n o u g h to t r y and save t h e g r e e n s ,
and if he has a W i n t e r g a n g b u t n o t
e n o u g h to do t h e work, let him also use
t h e flivver, f o r it is m o r e t h a n an even
b e t t h a t a dollar s p e n t a t t h a t t i m e will
save t e n later, a n d t h e n when S p r i n g
comes a n d t h e g r e e n s a r e opened f o r
play, y o u r g o l f e r s will n o t be m e e t i n g
you w i t h a g r o u c h a n d a long f a c e . T h e y
will m e e t you with a b r o a d smile, p a t
you on t h e back saying, " I played i h e ^ / ^ N
course t o d a y — i t was g r e a t — t h e " .green;
a r e in w o n d e r f u l condition f o r this t i m e
of y e a r . "
John

CLUB

OFFICERS'

Treat
Fahey
McCormack
Farrant
Sullivan
Mitchell
Swanson
Wilson
Peckham
West
Burnett

Shanahan.

TELEPHONES

West N e w t o n 1 1 9 4 - M
A r l i n g t o n 1647
S t o n e h a m 0800
0947
Parkway 3149-M
W a l t h a m 1738
Salem 3174
L e x i n g t o n 1096-J
C e n t r e N e w t o n 2793-W
N e w p o r t 2513-R-2
Fall River 4897-R
W e s t N e w t o n 2928-J
2300

SPIKING

A NEW SPIKE

ROLLER

E a r l y in t h e season of 1929 it was
decided t h a t the G r e e n s a t B e l m o n t
S p r i n g would be b e n e f i t t e d by a thor o u g h spiking. T h a t t h e G r e e n s had become hide-bound w a s obvious a n d as we
looked f u r t h e r a l o n g t h e s e lines it bec a m e a p p a r e n t t h a t some of t h e G r e e n s
would a l w a y s be s u b j e c t to this t r o u b l e .
A n o r d i n a r y spiked roller w a s t r i e d
b u t t h e r e s u l t s w e r e f a r f r o m satisf a c t o r y . N e x t we h a d six h a n d t a m p e r s
(spikers) m a d e , e x t r a help was hired
and all t h e G r e e n s w e r e spiked. I m m e d iate i m p r o v e m e n t was noted b u t this
m e t h o d was open to the f o l l o w i n g
criticism. The labor cost w a s high, t h e
spikers did n o t s t a n d u p well, t h e surf a c e s of t h e G r e e n s w e r e r o u g h e n e d so
severely t h a t it m a d e r o u g h p u t t i n g f o r
several days a n d it was impossible to
p r e v e n t serious t e a r i n g in thin t u r f . I n
spite of these d r a w b a c k s t h e G r e e n s
w e r e spiked t h r o u g h o u t t h e season, as
t h i s t r e a t m e n t w a s indicated, w i t h imp r o v e m e n t so obvious t h a t we f e l t t h a t
we would be w a r r a n t e d in going a h e a d
with e x p e r i m e n t a l work t o w a r d s developing a spiked roller to p r o d u c e t h e
same r e s u l t s as h a n d spiking w i t h o u t
the- d r a w b a c k s .
T h e C h a i r m a n , of t h e G r e e n s Comm i t t e e of B e l m o n t Spring, Mr. P. D.
S h e n k ; Mr. J. F. Buel of W o b u r n and
myself a f t e r considerable work finally
evolved the spiked roller p i c t u r e d here.
This roller is m a d e u p of six iron
wheels 3 " wide and 20"
in d i a m e t e r
m o u n t e d on a dead axle. Placed 2 " on
c e n t e r s a r e case h a r d e n e d spikes, 1 1 - 2 "

TRANSPORTING

x 3 - 1 6 " ; these spikes a r e s t a g g e r e d 2 and
3 each set m o u n t e d on its own s h a f t .
T h e angle a t which these spikes a r e
m o u n t e d a n d positively stopped is such
t h a t w h e n t h e roller is r u n n i n g f o r w a r d
t h e spikes m u s t e n t e r t h e g r o u n d p e r p e n d i c u l a r l y ; a s t h e roller p r o g r e s s e s
f o r w a r d and t h e spikes leave t h e t u r f ,
t h e y pull o u t p e r p e n d i c u l a r l y also. A
simple b u t n e v e r t h e l e s s
exceedingly
clever i d e a — n o t m i n e — a l l o w s t h e m t o
do this and absolutely p r e v e n t s t h e ripping which all fixed spike spiked rollers
p r o d u c e on t h e u p t u r n . T h e small
wheels a r e f o r t u r n i n g and t r a n s p o r t i n g .
T h e best r e s u l t s have b e e n o b t a i n e d
with two m e n o p e r a t i n g , one pulling,
t h e o t h e r pushing, g o i n g over a Green
f o u r ways. This p r o d u c e s f u l l p e n e t r a tion over t h e e n t i r e Green. The difference in p e n e t r a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e e d g e s
of a Green and in t h e c u p p i n g .areas, t h e
first t i m e over, is stai'tlingly noticeable,
so we have f o u n d t h a t f o u r way spiking
gives us equal p e n e t r a t i o n over t h e
entire surface.
R u n n i n g t h e roller f o r w a r d p r o d u c e s
a slight riffling of t h e t u r f which disa p p e a r s a t the first m o w i n g a n d as we
have n e v e r received a n y c o m p l a i n t s we
f e e l s a f e in s a y i n g t h a t this causes no
d i s t u r b a n c e to t h e players.
T h e roller can be r u n b a c k w a r d s , b u t
p e n e t r a t i o n is n o t as good a n d t h e surf a c e d i s t u r b a n c e is g r e a t e r b u t
not
injurious.
If this roller is o p e r a t e d intelligently
and t h e o p e r a t o r s do n o t a t t e m p t to.
m a k e a r i g h t angle t u r n no t e a r i n g of
t h e t u r f will r e s u l t f r o m its use.
A s e a s o n ' s use of this roller indicates

t h a t its u p k e e p is p r a c t i c a l l y n o t h i n g
and while we do n o t a t t e m p t to say
t h a t it is a cure all, we believe t h a t it
has a definite place in t h e e q u i p m e n t of
a n y golf course w h e r e t h e G r e e n s have
t h e least t e n d e n c y to become packed
a n d hidebound.
C h a r l e s W. P a r k e r .
NACO

FERTILIZER
POPULAR

PROVING

" N o golf course can be b e t t e r than
its t u r f " , says A r t h u r B. P o r t e r , Presid e n t of A r t h u r B. P o r t e r , I n c . ; " a n d
G r e e n k e e p e r s realize t h a t t h e economical p r o g r a m f o r t h e p e r m a n e n t improvem e n t of g r e e n s a n d f a i r w a y s is one
t h a t builds, t h r o u g h p r o p e r c a r e a n d
r e g u l a r f e e d i n g , a thick, t o u g h t u r f ,
with a h e a l t h y root system. This result can be obtained only f r o m t h e cons t a n t use of complete f e r t i l i z e r s . "
Naco is n o t only a complete f e r t i l i zer, a n a l y z i n g 8-4-2; b u t is also a 1 0 0 %
organic fertilizer made f r o m genuine
P e r u v i a n Guano, p r o p e r l y dried, pulverized a n d b a g g e d f o r golf use.
No o t h e r complete o r g a n i c f e r t i l i z e r
is o b t a i n a b l e t o d a y with an analysis
m o r e t h a n half t h a t of Naco.
The
N i t r o g e n is p r e s e n t in seven distinct
t y p e s , b o t h quick a n d slow a c t i n g , so
t h a t we s t r o n g l y r e c o m m e n d its use on
f a i r w a y s and g r e e n s w h e r e n o t only
quick, b u t l a s t i n g r e s u l t s a r e w a n t e d .
T h e r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e use of
Naco have m o r e t h a n justified t h e n a m e
given to Guano y e a r s a g o — " N a t u r e ' s
Finest Fertilizer."
NEW

PENNSYLVANIA

FEATURES

P E N N S Y L V A N I A a r e f e a t u r i n g in
t h e i r n e w c a t a l o g j u s t issued, t h e 1931
model F a i r w a y
mowers
constructed
t h r o u g h o u t of m a l l e a b l e iron. T h i s h a s
a tensile s t r e n g t h g r e a t e r t h a n steel,
a n d t h e m o w e r could be d r o p p e d f r o m
t h e t o p of B u n k e r Hill M o n u m e n t witho u t b r e a k i n g . This will s u r e l y elimin a t e a lot of grief f r o m b r o k e n castings, t h a t is liable to h a p p e n w i t h g r a y
iron.
A n o t h e r f e a t u r e of t h e 1931 Units,
is t h e d u s t - p r o o f , u n i v e r s a l , single ball
t e a r i n g f o r t h e g r o u n d roller. On all
m o w e r s , especially F a i r w a y s , this has
b e e n a t r o u b l e s o m e b e a r i n g , as it is
r i g h t in line w i t h t h e c u t g r a s s a n d dirt
t h a t is kicked u p by t h e r e v o l v i n g
cylinder. I n t e s t s m a d e last season on
a v e r y s a n d y soil, t h i s n e w b e a r i n g w e n t

t h r o u g h t h e e n t i r e season with p r a c t i cally no w e a r .
O t h e r f e a t u r e s a r e an
improved
double r a c e ball b e a r i n g on t h e cylinder
and dust-proof oil r e t a i n i n g g e a r cases.
It looks like a big y e a r f o r P E N N S Y L VANIA, and anyone wanting f u r t h e r
i n f o r m a t i o n , also catalogs, can s e c u r e
t h e m f r o m : John J. Nyhan, 120 Cypress
S t r e e t , Brookline, Mass., or Rackliffe
Brothers, Inc., N e w Britain, Conn.
Aside f r o m t h e description a n d pict u r e s of P E N N S Y L V A N I A m o w e r s , t h e
new c a t a l o g has some i n t e r e s t i n g d a t a
f o r G r e e n k e e p e r s , a n d G r e e n s Committees.
BRECK'S

F o r over One H u n d r e d Y e a r s t h e
n a m e B R E C K has been k n o w n to all
N e w E n g l a n d as t h e h o m e of t h e best of
e v e r y t h i n g t h a t p e r t a i n s to a g r i c u l t u r e .
Everything for Farm, Garden and
L a w n . T h e r e have b e e n m a n y c h a n g e s
in t h e p a s t 100 y e a r s , g r a d u a l c h a n g e s
f r o m t i m e to time, b u t radical c h a n g e s
as c o m p a r e d to 100 y e a r s ago. One of
t h e big c h a n g e s of the p a s t f e w y e a r s
p e r t a i n s to t h e L a w n B e a u t i f u l aside
f r o m producing the correct grass that
go to m a k e up t h e p e r f e c t lawn. T h e
m a c h i n e t o mow t h e lawn is a vital
f a c t o r . Many lawn m o w e r s have b e e n
designed to m e e t m a n y conditions chat
have a r i s e n t h r o u g h r o c k g a r d e n s , golf,
t e r r a c e s , f a i r w a y s , etc., so t h a t t o d a y
instead of t h e one h a n d lawn m o w e r ,
we find it n e c e s s a r y t o m e e t conditions
with a g r e a t m a n y d i f f e r e n t t y p e s of
mowers.
Our e x p e r i e n c e has t a u g h t us t h a t no
one m a n u f a c t u r e r has supplied
the
p r o p e r machine to care f o r t h e m a n y
individual d e m a n d s . One m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s
m o w e r in m a n y cases will do a c e r t a i n
j o b b e t t e r and easier t h a n a n o t h e r s , a n d
visa versa, so in o r d e r to m e e t all conditions we find it n e c e s s a r y to c a r r y in
stock several lines of lawn m o w e r s ,
both h a n d and power.
T h e r e a r e a t least t w e n t y d i f f e r e n t
p o w e r lawn m o w e r s r e p r e s e n t e d b y o u r
s t o c k , — t h a t is w h y we can m e e t all
the necessary demands.
A n o t h e r imp o r t a n t f e a t u r e t h a t we have f o u n d
v e r y n e c e s s a r y to c u s t o m e r s a t i s f a c t i o n
is a

Real

Service

Department.

We

are

now in a position to service all m a k e s
of hand a n d p o w e r lawn m o w e r s . One
of t h e b e s t equipped shops in N e w E n g land, t o g e t h e r with t r a i n e d a n d experienced w o r k m e n g u a r a n t e e t h e b e s t of
service.

^V

PEWmvANIA
LAWN MOWERS

Fairway

Quint

or

Trio

for

New
New

fairways

Aristocrat

and
for

rough.

Super

Roller

and

greens.

Chevrolet - Pennsylvania

Tractor

W r i t e for copy of n e w catalog describing
and picturing the 1931 models of unbreakable
fairway m o w e r s and our c o m p l e t e line.

Distributors

John J. Nyhan

122 Cypress St., Brookline, Mass.

Rackcliffe Bros. Co.

New Britain, Conn.
PENNSYLVANIA LAWN MOWER WORKS
E s t a b l i s h e d 1877

BRECK'S
REPAIR

Philadelphia

NACO

"A Golf Course Fertilizer"

SERVICE

We now m a i n t a i n f o r t h e convenience of o u r c u s t o m e r s a complete
repair

and

rebuilding

service

for

h a n d a n d p o w e r Lawn Mowers.
Our Shop is equipped with m o d e r n
m a c h i n e r y especially designed f o r
this work. W e will r e t u r n all m o w e r s
given to us f o r r e p a i r s w o r k i n g and
looking like new.
A f e a t u r e of our shop is a specially
designed g r i n d e r t h a t weighs over six
t h o u s a n d p o u n d s . This m a c h i n e will
grind y o u r lawn m o w e r a b s o l u t e l y
t r u e , so t h a t it will r e m a i n s h a r p f o r
a long time. This m a c h i n e also saves
y o u r m o w e r , as it g r i n d s a w a y less
m e t a l t h a n t h e obsolete g r i n d e r s
used by t h e a v e r a g e m a c h i n e shop.
R e p a i n t i n g is a r e g u l a r p r a c t i c e in
this shop. Our t r u c k service is available a t a r e a s o n a b l e c h a r g e within 30
miles of Boston, or send
your
m a c h i n e s to us by y o u r t r u c k or b y
express prepaid.

Developed and recommended

for

the

LEWIS

WHARF,

purpose

growing b e t t e r turf

on

of

Golf

courses, NACO is an all-organic, complete grass food fertilizer.

(New England Distributors)

Arthur B. Porter, Inc.
55 DEARBORN STREET
SALEM, MASS.
Tel.

20

sole

Salem

2317

BOSTON

When buying from our advertisers, mention NEWSLETTER!

NATIONAL

ASSOCIATION

CONVENTION

The Golf Show and C o n f e r e n c e held
by t h e N a t i o n a l Association of Greenk e e p e r s of A m e r i c a a t Columbus, Ohio,
F e b . 3 - 6, 1931, w a s well a t t e n d e d .
Several g r o u p s took a d v a n t a g e of the
fine w e a t h e r and visited n e a r b y golf
courses.
As u s u a l t h e c o n f e r e n c e p a r t of t h e
p r o g r a m w a s held on each a f t e r n o o n ,
each day h a v i n g s t r o n g speakers. The
e q u i p m e n t show w a s well a r r a n g e d , had
m a n y exhibits, and held m u c h of interest. The B a n q u e t a n d e n t e r t a i n m e n t
held T h u r s d a y n i g h t w a s well a t t e n d e d
a n d was e n j o y a b l e . W e l e f t b e f o r e t h e
" S t a g " p a r t y w a s held a t m i d n i t e F r i day so can give no first hand i n f o r m a tion in r e g a r d to this.
W e u n d e r s t a n d t h a t t h e r e was a
g e n e r a l re-election of officers, a n d t h a t
it was decided to hold t h e Show a t N e w
York n e x t y e a r .
Some i t e m s of i n t e r e s t in t h e addresses f o l l o w :
Dr. McClure of Ohio S t a t e acted as
c h a i r m a n , i n t r o d u c i n g the first s p e a k e r .
T o m W i n t o n , who spoke on "Golf
Course C o n s t r u c t i o n in Relation to
Maintainence".
Choosing t h e site is
m o s t i m p o r t a n t , g e t site t h a t is a d a p t a b l e ; n e x t of i m p o r t a n c e is site f o r club
house. The caddie house should be n e a r
first tee. F i r s t and t e n t h t e e s should be
n e a r club house. Not m o r e t h a n one
blind hole in e i g h t e e n is advisable.
F i r s t hole should be long, w i t h f e w
t r a p s , or on edge, so as t o g e t play
s t a r t e d quickly. Two k i n d s of two shot
holes—420-450
yards,
and
360-370
y a r d s . T a k e all a d v a n t a g e of n a t u r a l
f e a t u r e s . T h e r e should be f o u r s h o r t
holes in t h e e i g h t e e n ; 140, 160, 190,
220 y a r d s ; some over a gully if available, or on a side hill. Make one t h r e e
shot hole in t h e e i g h t e e n , 560 y a r d s
best l e n g t h . T h e r e should be no hidden
t r a p s in t h e f a i r w a y ; d r a w sides of
t r a p s and b u n k e r s well o u t so a s to be
able to c u t with t r a c t o r .
Tee c o n s t r u c t i o n : On u p hill drive
d r o p back of tee a little, as i t gives
p o o r p l a y e r s m o r e confidence. Shane
should n o t be s q u a r e , b e t t e r oval or irr e g u l a r . Tee should be as l a r g e as t h e
g r e e n ; r e p a i r b y divot sods f r o m n u r sery. Make t e e s so t h a t t h e y can be cut
with t h r e e u n i t f a i r w a y c u t t i n g outfit.

G r e e n s : Make as much v a r i e t y as
possible, good d r a i n a g e , keep w a t e r out
of t r a p s , m o u n d s should be wide a t
base, no m o u n d s a r o u n d g r e e n s to t u r n
bad shots to g r e e n . Green on one shot
hole m a y be t r a p p e d all a r o u n d . Do n o t
t r a p m o r e t h a n two o u t of e i g h t e e n a t
back of g r e e n . H a v e no t r a p or m o u n d s
in back of g r e e n on 400 y a r d s hole.
T h r e e shot hole can be t r a p p e d m o r e
like a one shot g r e e n .
The n e x t s p e a k e r was M a r t i n Davey,
who spoke on " C a r e of T r e e s . " T r e e s
a r e i m p o r t a n t ; t r e e s are living things.
One c a n n o t o p e r a t e on a t r e e unless
one k n o w s t h e process of t r e e life.
Sides of cavity should be parallel, with
t h e ends p o i n t e d — e s s e n t i a l co k n o w
how t r e e lives, grows, a n d f u n c t i o n s .
P r o p e r p r u n i n g : r e m o v e a source of
i n f e c t i o n . E v e r y limb should be cut
parallel with t h e m a i n limb when p r u n i n g ; leave no stub. T h e i n t e r i o r of a
t r e e is p a r t l y d o r m a n t , has no m e a n s of
p r o t e c t i n g itself, all t h e life is on outside. F e e d i n g t r e e s : m u s t have f o o d ,
t r e e s a r e j u s t big plants.
In n a t i v e
woods N a t u r e t a k e s care of chat by decay of p l a n t life. T r e e u n d e r lawn conditions has no food f u r n i s h e d
by
N a t u r e , most of it is t a k e n a w a y — a
well balanced f e r t i l i z e r should be used
— o n e t h a t is good f o r f o l i a g e p l a n t is
good f o r t r e e s .
T h e n e x t s p e a k e r w a s P r o f e s s o r R. J.
H. DeLoach, s u b j e c t — " W h y M i n e r a l s in
F e r t i l i z e r s " . Some of the points b r o u g h t
out in a r a t h e r long and scientific
p a p e r w e r e : Minerals r e l a t e p l a n t life
to s u n ' s r a y s — t h e y a b s o r b sun l i g h t —
p l a n t world f o r m s a r e s e r v o i r — c o m bines c a r b o n of t h e air and t h e w a t e r
of t h e soil. Chief f u n c t i o n of m i n e r a l s
is to m a k e organic m a t t e r . Special elements
have
special
work
to
do.
Minerals m u s t be in soil or be p u t
1
t h e r e . A v e r a g e soil has 4 2 2 t o n s of
o r g a n i c m a t t e r p e r acre, 50 t o n s in t h e
Middle W e s t . This is in t h e first f e w
inches of t h e soil. T h e r e is a c a r b o n
cycle as well a s an organic cycle. Carbon c o m p o u n d s a r e first m a d e in t h e
tissue of t h e p l a n t — a m o u n t
depends
on c a p a c i t y of p l a n t to t a k e u p w a t e r .
T h e r e a r e seven million miles of r o o t s
in an a c r e of grass. A p r o p e r p r o p o r tion of m i n e r a l m a t t e r is n e e d e d . 560
p o u n d s of w a t e r is needed to m a k e one
pound of organic m a t t e r ; 262 p o u n d s
of w a t e r to m a k e a p o u n d of dry m a t t e r ; t h e fine r o o t h a i r s do m o s t of t h e
work; more mineral matter means more

organic m a t t e r . M i n e r a l m a t t e r also
offsets t h e r o o t decay, helps keep t h e
soil f r o m g e t t i n g toxic. O r g a n i c s leach
u p w a r d m o r e t h a n m i n e r a l s leach downw a r d . A p p l y i n g an organic f e r t i l i z e r a t
r a t e of 400 p o u n d s p e r a c r e can only
p u t into t h e soil 100 p o u n d s of o r g a n i c
m a t t e r p e r acre. Some l e a c h i n g of
m i n e r a l m a t t e r is b r o u g h t back by
capillary action. A h u m u s soil should
have m i n e r a l s also.
Ganson D e p e w of t h e U. S. G. A.
G r e e n Section C o m m i t t e e spoke on
" C o o p e r a t i o n " . T h e r e is no m o r e imp o r t a n t w o r k in golf than t h a t of the
Green Section. W o r k is i n t e n d e d to
help_ g r e e n k e e p e r s — n e v e r a t h o u g h t of
f o r c i n g it on g r e e n k e e p e r s . Much help
has been given Green Section by m a n y
g r e e n k e e p e r s . $42,000 w a s s p e n t by t h e
Green Section, $9000 m o r e t h a n was
received in dues. Some of the p r o b l e m s
i n t e n d e d to t a k e u p — i n s e c t s , g r o w t h of
p u t t i n g g r e e n s , still m o r e on f a i r w a y
work, best use of w a t e r , t r e a t m e n t of
b r o w n - p a t c h , how to c o m b a t effect of
drought
of last y e a r .
Cooperation
asked, a n d e x t e n d e d to g r e e n k e e p e r s .
The last s p e a k e r a t t h e first session
w a s Dr. T. E. Odland of the Rhode
Island E x p e r i m e n t S t a t i o n . Dr. Odland
g a v e a fine p a p e r on " G r o w i n g Grass
S e e d " , similar to t h a t given at o u r Dec e m b e r m e e t i n g , and r e p o r t e d in the
NEWSLETTER.
John MacGregor, Greenkeeper at the
Chicago Golf Club, opened the T h u r s day session with a t a l k on " I r r i g a t i o n " .
H e spoke of his first s y s t e m f o r f a i r w a y s installed t e n y e a r s ago, u s i n g
1-2"
pipe, took f o u r days to w a t e r nine f a i r ways. A good w a t e r i n g will last a b o u t
t e n days, o b j e c t is to keep soil in condition f o r a t least eight days. $20,00060,000 to install, used elevated t a n k
130' high, p u m p with BOO gallon capacity, uses 2 % - 5 million gallons f o r season. The hose-less or " p o p - u p " s y s t e m
is now m u c h in f a v o r , saves hose, labor,
sprinklers. It d o e s n ' t overlap, is a one
m a n system, one valve to a f a i r w a y .
Look into this system if you a r e g o i n g
to install, b u y t h e best, you only b u y
once f o r a l i f e t i m e . G r o u n d plan showi n g all connections is needed. Course
should be well d r a i n e d b e f o r e a system
of i r r i g a t i o n is installed.
Dr. H o w a r d B. S p r a g u e of t h e New
J e r s e y E x p e r i m e n t S t a t i o n gave a n int e r e s t i n g t a l k on " S o m e W a t e r Rela-

tions of T u r f P l a n t s . " P l a n t m u s t have
w a t e r a t e v e r y stage, f o r g e r m i n a t i o n ,
t h e roots, etc. P l a n t r o o t s have a b o u t
90 % w a t e r . It t a k e s f r o m 35 to 40
p o u n d s of w a t e r f o r e v e r y 100 p o u n d s
of tissue. A f t e r p l a n t dies w a t e r still
needed to m a k e p l a n t decay a n d f o r m
o r g a n i c m a t t e r . W a t e r supply is n o t
always r e g u l a r , a l w a y s deficient a t
t i m e s ; May, J u n e , J u l y a n d A u g u s t t h e
m o n t h s affected usually. It t a k e s K e n t u c k y Blue 14-28 days to g e r m i n a t e ,
B e n t 14-20 days, Red T o p 5-10 days.
E a r l y S p r i n g and late F a l l have m o r e
r a i n t h a n e v a p o r a t i o n , have m o i s t u r e in
soil, hence best t i m e to seed. In seeding t r y to keep soil moist continually.
P l a n t s t a k e most of t h e i r m o i s t u r e f r o m
t h e s o i l — n o t all w a t e r in t h e soil is
available f o r t h e p l a n t s — m o s t of t h e
capillary w a t e r is. T h e r e should be an
ideal r e l a t i o n of w a t e r and soil—if soil
is c o m p a c t t h e runoff is high, if open
and p o r o u s it will hold a lot. If the
soil t a k e s u p w a t e r t h e p l a n t s m a y use
it or it m a y e v a p o r a t e . O r g a n i c m a t t e r
helps a b s o r b w a t e r ; p a c k i n g soil w a s t e s
w a t e r . In i r r i g a t i o n d r a i n a g e is of t h e
highest i m p o r t a n c e . The n a t u r a l ability
of soil to hold w a t e r varies. T h e d e p t h
of t h e r o o t system is a critical m a t t e r .
U s i n g p e a t , m u s h r o o m soil, etc. inc r e a s e s t h e w a t e r r e t a i n i n g value of t h e
soil. Artificial d r a i n a g e increases t h e
r o o t system. O v e r - w a t e r i n g can c a u s e
m o r e i n j u r y t h a n d r o u g h t ; excess w a t e r
excludes oxygen. B e n t grass r o o t s cann o t t a k e u c w a t e r as r e a d i l y on over
acid soils. Too m u c h n i t r o g e n overdoes
t o p of p l a n t a t t h e e x p e n s e of the roots.
A c t u a l w a t e r r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e 8-11
gallons p e r day f o r 1000 s q u a r e f e e t
t u r f in May, and 20-45 gallons p e r day
in J u l y . Supply of w a t e r a n d q u a l i t y
of g r a s s r e l a t e d — c e l l s of g r a s s a r e
smaller in less w a t e r e d grass.
Ideal
condition is to provide only enough
w a t e r to m a k e good grass w i t h o u t b e i n g
succulent.

E d w a r d B. Dearie, J r . n e x t spoke on
"Drainage".
Definite plans
needed.
U n d e r d r a i n e d c o u r s e s cause of g r e a t
loss to clubs of t h e c o u n t r y . L e t the
oxygen in t h e soil. L a n d n e e d i n g draina g e : 1. Removal of s u r f a c e or g r o u n d
w a t e r ; 2. F l a t land with hills a r o u n d ;
3. Land u n d u l a t e d ; 4. F l a t lands u n d e r lain with clay. Golf course d r a i n a g e
is a p r o b l e m of local conditions. D r a i n age i n c r e a s e s w a t e r r e t a i n i n g c a p a c i t y
of the soil; capillary action also in( C o n t i n u e d on P a g e

12)

BARBAK
Insures Perfect Greens,
Dreaded

BROWN

211
Eliminating

the

PATCH

We a r e pleased to a n n o u n c e t h a t we
have been a p p o i n t e d New E n g l a n d Distrib u t o r s f o r B a r b a k 211, a new p r o d u c t f o r
t h e control and c u r e of Brown P a t c h .
I t is m a n u f a c t u r e d by the A m e r i c a n
Cyanamid
Company
and
has
been
t h o r o u g h l y tried o u t b e f o r e b e i n g placed
on t h e m a r k e t .
I t will r e d u c e t h e
G r e e n s u p k e e p costs as it gives a longer period of B r o w n P a t c h p r e v e n t i o n
than ordinary disinfectants.
As a p r e v e n t a t i v e , B a r b a k can be
applied dry, mixed w i t h a t o p dressing
of soil, sand or f e r t i l i z e r a n d w a t e r e d
in. If a chemical F e r t i l i z e r is used,
such as A m m o - P h o s or S u l p h a t e of Ammonia, five to t e n p o u n d s of f e r t i l i z e r
can be saved p e r Green. It can also be
applied in W a t e r Solution, by m e a n s of
P o w e r S p r a y e r s , S p r i n k l i n g c a r t s or
P r o p o r t i o n e r s , s u p p l y i n g a t t h e r a t e of
one p o u n d to fifty gallons of w a t e r p e r
one t h o u s a n d s q u a r e f e e t . In using a
P o w e r S p r a y e r a lesser q u a n t i t y of
w a t e r m a y be used.
B a r b a k 211 used as a p r e v e n t a t i v e
should be applied a t t h e r a t e of one
p o u n d p e r t h o u s a n d s q u a r e f e e t over a
p e r i o d of t h r e e w e e k s or a m o n t h . It
m a y be applied all a t once or in prop o r t i o n a t e a m o u n t s a t d i f f e r e n t times,
such as weekly intervals.
Treatments
should begin in April or May a n d end
in S e p t e m b e r or October.
We advise t h e use of B a r b a k 211 as
a p r e v e n t a t i v e r a t h e r t h a n a c u r e because this e l i m i n a t e s t h e possibility of
scars which a r e caused b y t h e d e a d l y
B r o w n P a t c h f u n g u s . As a c u r e B a r bak 211 should be applied a t t h e r a t e
of one p o u n d p e r t h o u s a n d s q u a r e f e e t .
Use in solution or dry, a f t e r e v e r y a t t a c k of B r o w n P a t c h , l a r g e or small.
W e would like e v e r y G r e e n k e e p e r to
give this m a t e r i a l a t h o r o u g h t r i a l d u r ing t h e c o m i n g Season. Full i n f o r m a tion sent u p o n r e q u e s t .
Mr. Percival S. B r o w n who established a n d f o r t h e p a s t t e n y e a r s had
c h a r g e of The T h o m a s W. E m e r s o n
C o m p a n y Golf D e p a r t m e n t , is now associated with H O V E Y & C O M P A N Y ,
150 Milk S t r e e t , Boston, Mass.
Mr. Brown is t h o r o u g h l y f a m i l i a r
with all p h a s e s of Golf Course Cons t r u c t i o n a n d M a i n t e n a n c e . W e believe

his services will be valuable to o u r cust o m e r s , who will find him c o m p e t e n t a n d
willing to help t h e m with t h e i r problems.
Mr. Brown, c o - o p e r a t i n g with Mr.
N o r m a n H o w d e n of H O V E Y & COMP A N Y , will devote t h e i r e n t i r e t i m e
c o v e r i n g t h e Golf Course T r a d e
of
New E n g l a n d . An i n v i t a t i o n is e x t e n d ed to all to pay a visit to t h e above
Company.
H o v e y & Co.

FEBRUARY

MEETING

T h e F e b r u a r y m e e t i n g w a s held a t
H o r t i c u l t u r a l Hall, Boston, on F e b r u a r y 2nd. T h e s p e a k e r was Dr. B. R.
Leach. Dr. Leach gave an i n t e r e s t i n g
t a l k on " F a i r w a y s and F e r t i l i z e r s . " He
said in p a r t :
" T e n y e a r s ago n o t m u c h w a s done to
f a i r w a y s , now t h e y a r e i m p o r t a n t . Diff e r e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n s and t h e f e r t i l i z e r
i n d u s t r y h a v e t a k e n u p this business of
m a n a g i n g f a i r w a y s . It is e a s y to t h r o w
m o n e y a w a y on f e r t i l i z e r f o r f a i r w a y s .
F e r t i l i z e r knowledge as applied to o t h e r
crops m u s t be r e a d j u s t e d w h e n applied
to f a i r w a y t r e a t m e n t s .
Fairway cycle — as snow d i s a p p e a r s
fine t u r f g r a s s e s g r e e n up, f r o m t h e n
until t h e end of May fine t u r f g r a s s e s
in f a i r w a y do most g r o w i n g , have less
competition with weeds, hot w e a t h e r ,
etc., most always have e n o u g h r a i n .
F r o m J u n e 1st u n t i l t h e last of A u g u s t
period is c h a r a c t e r i z e d by
droughts,
spells of h o t w e a t h e r , c r a b g r a s s a n d
t a p r o o t e d w e e d s come into their own.
F r o m S e p t e m b e r 1st until end of season is a n o t h e r period of good g r o w i n g
conditions f o r fine t u r f grasses, a n n u a l
w e e d s and g r a s s e s slow up. Hence, first
and t h i r d p e r i o d s a r e ideal periods f o r
g r a s s growing.
Common sense d i c t a t e s t h a t we use
a system of f a i r w a y m a i n t a i n e n c e and
materials
that
will a u g m e n t
these
periods to help fine t u r f grasses, a n d a
system which will n o t lap over into
S u m m e r to help c r a b grass, etc.
F e r t i l i z e r can be divided i n t o t h r e e
classes: 1, easily available, as n i t r a t e
of s o d a ; 2, n e x t r a p i d l y available, as
s u l p h a t e of a m m o n i a , ammo-phos, e t c . :
3, organics, usually m o r e complex, m u s t
have m o i s t u r e a n d h e a t to
quicklv
c h a n g e n i t r o g e n i n t o available f o r m . I t
is obvious t h a t no one t y p e will fill t h e
bill f o r f a i r w a y f e r t i l i z a t i o n . Best a r r a n g e m e n t would be to h a v e a t h i r d of

GREENKEEPERS ATTENTION
When making out your requirements
for the coming Season, don't forget that
we are Headquarters for everything in
Golf Course Upkeep. Get a copy of our
new complete catalog of Golf Course
Grasses and Equipment.
A FEW SPECIALS
Fancy Recleaned Grasses
Barbae 211 (Turf Disinfectant)
Koppers Sulphate of Ammonia
Emerald Cord Hose
Etc. Etc.

HOVEY & COMPANY

150 MILK ST. and 75 CENTRAL ST.
BOSTON, MASS.
Phones—Hancock 1454 - 1455
Our advertisers aim to please YOU

t h e n i t r o g e n as n i t r a t e of soda t o s n a p
t h e g r a s s into g r o w t h as soon as g r e e n ing s t a r t s in t h e Spring. This will p e r haps function f o r a month, and there
should be a m m o n i u m s a l t to c a r r y it
a l o n g t h e n . P r o b a b l y best n o t co use
o r g a n i c s in S p r i n g f e r t i l i z a t i o n , as t h e r e
is a p r o n o u n c e d t e n d e n c y f o r organic
f e r t i l i z e r to r e m a i n in t h e soil u n t i l
the period f o r fine g r a s s g r o w t h is over,
a n d t h e c r a b .grass gets t h e f e r t i l i z e r .
T h e w a r m period comes along, fine
t u r f has b e e n f e d d u r i n g t h e best growi n g p e r i o d ; d u r i n g J u n e , J u l y , and
A u g u s t t h e weeds a r e p r o b l e m t h e m selves, w i t h o u t f e e d i n g chem.
In S e p t e m b e r t h e fine grasses a r e
r e a d y to grow, t h e weeds a r e a b o u t to
f a d e out of t h e p i c t u r e . N i t r a t e of ;;oda
should be used to p u t p e p into t h e fine
t u r f ; m i x t u r e should also contain some
a m m o n i a , and o r g a n i c a l s o — t h i s :'s one
period of y e a r in which organic can be
applied efficiently.
T h e Green Section f o r y e a r s only
r e c o m m e n d e d n i t r o g e n ; N i t r o g e n is essential, b u t we n e v e r g e t t h e best oui
of the N i t r o g e n unless it is backed u p
with P h o s p h o r u s a n d P o t a s h .
New
E n g l a n d soils in g e n e r a l a r e deficient
in P o t a s h , and a r e n o t s t r o n g in Phosphorus. Fertilizer mixtures used Spring
and
Pall
should
contain
adequate
a m o u n t s of P h o s p h o r u s and P o t a s h .
T h e r e is p r o n o u n c e d f e e l i n g t h a t
quickly available f e r t i l i z e r s a r e a loss,
s u b j e c t to leaching. All f e r t i l i z e r s m u s t
be in n i t r a t e f o r m b e f o r e t h e y a r e t a k e n
u p by t h e plants. T h e only w a y in
which N i t r o g e n can leach out in is nit r a t e f o r m ; a n y f e r t i l i z e r will leach in
this f o r m if t h e r e is m o r e t h a n t h e g r a s s
can t a k e u p . "
In replies to q u e s t i o n s t h e f o l l o w i n g
ideas w e r e b r o u g h t o u t by t h e s p e a k e r .
W h e r e t h e r e is little t r o u b l e with
w e e d s on f a i r w a y s , o r g a n i c f e r t i l i z e r
m i g h t be included in t h e S p r i n g mixture.
Usually f e r t i l i z i n g is b e t t e r t h a n topdressing.
F a i r w a y s m u s t be v e r y bad b e f o r e
r e s e e d i n g is n e c e s s a r y .
T h e k e y n o t e of t h e E n g l i s h climate
is f r e e d o m f r o m e x t r e m e s .
A r s e n a t e of lead seems to v a r y in its
control of weeds, will control chickweeds. T h e r e is m u c h more to find out
a b o u t lead a r s e n a t e , a field f o r m u c h
further experimentation.
Birds a r e p r o b a b l y n o t a l f e c t e d b v
use of a r s e n a t e of lead on t h e golf
course, as t h e y u s u a l l y f e e d w h e r e t h e y
know t h e r e is f o o d .

W e e d a n d insect, especially a n t s , control a r e the big p r o b l e m s of today.
T h e r e is a big chance f o r r e s e a r c h a l o n g
these lines.

WGRTHINGTQN TIME - SAVERS
The W o r t h i n g t o n Mower C o m p a n y
has b e e n d e v o t i n g m u c h t i m e d u r i n g t h e
past y e a r or two, to i n c r e a s i n g t h e efficiency of m o w i n g e q u i p m e n t a n d of red u c i n g t h e time e x p e n d e d on t h e m a j o r
m o w i n g o p e r a t i o n s . T h e y have m e t with!
r e m a r k a b l e success.
Not c o n t e n t w i t h t h e w o n d e r f u l acc o m p l i s h m e n t of t h e W o r t h i n g t o n T r i p l e
and Q u i n t u p l e x g a n g m o w e r s which this
C o m p a n y some y e a r s ago gave to t h e
golf courses of t h e world, it has been
their e f f o r t to still f u r t h e r c u t t h e t i m e
of f a i r w a y mowing. This t h e y have accomplished with a m o w e r t h e y call t h e
" M u l t i g a n g " . It cuts a s w a t h s i x t e e n
f e e t wide. W h e n d r a w n by a W o r t h i n g ton lawn t r a c t o r it will cut an a c r e in
f o u r minutes, and will completely finish
the m o w i n g of the e i g h t e e n f a i r w a y s in
five h o u r s a c t u a l c u t t i n g time. This is
practically c u t t i n g in half t h e t i m e t h a t
is now r e q u i r e d f o r this w o r k on a n y
courses u s i n g either t r i p l e or quint. It
is claimed t h a t t h e " M u l t i g a n g " is as
easily handled as a n y of the well k n o w n
m a c h i n e s ; is as simple and as flexible.
It is of t h e " c o n v e r t i b l e " design of this
c o m p a n y , capable of b e i n g t r a n s f o r m e d
into e i t h e r a t r i p l e or a q u i n t w i t h o u t
m o r e t h a n a m o m e n t ' s delay.
The 1931 W o r t h i n g t o n " S c o u t O v e r - ; ^
g r e e n " , which is i l l u s t r a t e d in an ad- 1
v e r t i s e m e n t a p p e a r i n g in this issue, is
a new and p e r f e c t e d roller u n i t in g a n g
f o r m a t i o n . This model a n d t h e high
wheel t y p e of last y e a r ' s O v e r g r e e n .
give t o t h e g r e e n k e e p e r s t h e choice of
e i t h e r one or t h e other. It has a l r e a d y
been discovered by the p r e s e n t large
n u m b e r of u s e r s of t h e O v e r g r e e n , t h a t
t h e t i m e now c o n s u m e d in c u t t i n g a n
a v e r a g e p u t t i n g g r e e n by h a n d — w h i c h
is f o r t y m i n u t e s to an h o u r — i s r e d u c e d
to eight, or t e n m i n u t e s . All of t h e
e i g h t e e n g r e e n s m a y be c u t in f o u r
h o u r s a c t u a l c u t t i n g time.
The W o r t h i n g t o n C o m p a n y has been
pleased to find t h a t t h e s e t i m e saving
m a c h i n e s a r e n o t as a r u l e m a d e t h e
excuse f o r d i s c h a r g i n g m e n , b u t m e r e l y
f o r d i f f e r e n t l y d i s t r i b u t i n g t h e i r activities. I n s t e a d of h a v i n g so l a r g e a n d unb a l a n c e d a p r o p o r t i o n on t h e g r e e n s

THE WORTHINGTON "SCOUT OVERGREEN"

A new and p e r f e c t e d roller u n i t in g a n g f o r m a t i o n .
A p r o d u c t t h a t c a r r i e s e v e r y i m p r o v e m e n t t h a t long t e s t s a n d
m a n y l e a d i n g g r e e n k e e p e r s could s u g g e s t .
L e a v e s no m a r k on even t h e most delicate t u r f and is of such
a m a z i n g efficiency as to be o u t of t h e r e a c h of competition.
H a s a t o t a l c u t t i n g s w a t h of n e a r l y f o u r f e e t .
Will cut an a v e r a g e g r e e n of 6000 s q u a r e f e e t in t e n m i n u t e s .
As a t i m e and m o n e y s a v e r n o t h i n g a p p r o a c h e s this p e r f o r m a n c e .
E i g h t blade high speed reel.
Newly designed g r a s s boxes catch all of t h e c u t grass, w e t
or dry.
F o r g o i n g f r o m g r e e n to g r e e n t h e u n i t s r e s t u p o n r u b b e r
tire carriers.
T h e " O v e r g r e e n " can also be supplied with c u t t i n g u n i t s of
t h e high wheel t y p e .
A l t h o u g h c u t t i n g t h e g r e e n s is k n o w n to be the m o s t expensive
o p e r a t i o n in golf course m a i n t e n a n c e the a d o p t i o n of t h e W o r t h ington " O v e r g r e e n " r e d u c e s this cost to an a l m o s t negligible q u a n t i t y .
No club or g r e e n k e e p e r in these days can afford, f r o m an
economic s t a n d p o i n t , to d i s r e g a r d t h e claims of this g r e a t t i m e a n d
labor saver.
T h e W o r t h i n g t o n g a n g m o w e r w a s first on t h e f a i r w a y s a n d
is first on t h e g r e e n s !
Write

For

Full Particulars

To

The

NEW ENGLAND REPRESENTATIVE
For

The

Worthington

Mower

Company

E. R. SAWTELLE
ONE STATE STREET
BOSTON
Telephone Hubbard 2424

Give our advertisers a trial

and f a i r w a y s , the men who are released
f r o m these jobs are more advantageously
put to work on the m a n y things a b o u t
the course so o f t e n now completely
neglected. The g r e a t a d v a n t a g e in this
r e a s s i g n m e n t of t h e force, made possible by these W o r t h i n g t o n time-saving
machines, is f o u n d particularly in the
preservation or i m p r o v e m e n t of the
s t a n d a r d of general upkeep, without
a n y increase in the payroll.
In these times of r e t r e n c h m e n t the
Worthington
Mower Company feels
t h a t the g r e a t d a n g e r to the g o l f i n g
interests of the world is t h a t the present high s t a n d a r d of our courses m a y
suffer. At all hazards this should not
be p e r m i t t e d . With the falling off in
the condition of the courses t h e r e will
follow a corresponding falling off in the
interest a t t a c h i n g to the g a m e itself.

National

Association

Convention

(Continued f r o m Page 7)
creased. Soil a e r a t i o n is of much benefit, Winter-kill is less. Benefits of drainage—golf course e q u i p m e n t can be
used earlier in the season, 35-50 days
increase in play.
"Poisons in Limed and
Unlimed
Soils" was the s u b j e c t of P r o f . J. W.
White of the Pennsylvania S t a t e College. The continued use of sulphate of
ammonia and ban on lime has caused
much trouble.
Phosphoric acid a n d
lime are needed. Ideal pH f r o m 5.6-6.5
Phosphorus should be added each y e a r ,
also limestone. Limestone is p r e f e r a ble to h y d r a t e d lime. Bent can use ammonia, also is s t r o n g f e e d e r in calcium.
Nitrification is lessened when g r e e n s
are rolled. Excess of sulphate of ammonia reduces nitrification. Arsenate of
lead increases nitrification, sometimes
as high as 4 0 % .
Dr. B. R. Leach closed the a f t e r n o o n
p r o g r a m with a talk on "This and T h a t " .
He took u p the problem t h a t the greenkeeper m u s t sell himself to the club,
must not have an i n f e r i o r complex,
must talk, think, and dress the p a r t :
no longer a f o r e m a n , but has a p r o f e s sion and m u s t a c t professionally. Greenkeeper is purchaser f o r g r e e n s department. Service B u r e a u s have been stumbling blocks and a r e very much on t h e
decline. The Green Section has not
f u n c t i o n e d as it should; g r e e n k e e p e r
has been ignored in this as in Service

B u r e a u . T h e r e has been no chance f o r
the g r e e n k e e p e r to say what he n e e d s
or w a n t s ; would do much b e t t e r if t h e y
consulted the g r e e n k e e p e r s more. The
g r e e n k e e p e r ' s chance f o r a d v a n c e m e n t
depends on his control of his club.
P r o f e s s o r Lawrence Dickinson gave a
fine talk on the " G r e e n k e e p e r and His
C h a i r m a n " to open the F r i d a y session.
He as usual b r o u g h t out m a n y fine
points and his address was finely received.
Joseph Williamson based his talk on
" P r a c t i c a l G r e e n k e e p i n g " on his f o r t y
years' experience. He b r o u g h t out t h a t
since the a d v e n t of creeping bent and
m a n y other m o d e r n things the g r e e n keeper has been in " h o t w a t e r " . The
g r e e n k e e p e r m u s t be a g e n e r a l to handle
his men, a master of a r t s to show t h e m
how, a housekeeper to keep his course
in shape, and in f a c t must be a miracle
m a n — a genius. Should have up-to-date
labor saving machinery.
O f t e n the
policy of g e t t i n g by with old w o r n out
equipment f o r a while most always costs
more t h a n g e t t i n g new. If capable, and
a diplomat, a g r e e n k e e p e r can o f t e n
get all e q u i p m e n t necessary.
Should
have work-shop, a house f o r his tools.
A compost pile is next in importance,
b e t t e r covered so t h a t the men can
work in rainy w e a t h e r . Compost has
been neglected b u t is coming back.
Compost dressing covers a m u l t i t u d e of
sins. In dressing gTeens, load compost
into coal baskets into the t r u c k , then
t h e r e will not be so m a n y unsightly
places where compost has been dumped
a r o u n d the greens, and if it >'ains can _
be easily p u t u n d e r cover. Old f a s h - ' ^ ^
ioned methods m a y be of much help.P r o f e s s o r Dickinson's method of large
brown-patch control heartily endorsed.
E. W. Doty, T r e a s u r e r of t h e Cleveland Golf Association gave a n interesting talk on "Bookkeeping- f o r Golf
Courses." Bookkeeping different f r o m
cost accounting.
Bookkeeper should
know something of the different things
used by the g r e e n k e e p e r .
Keeping
costs u p to the g r e e n k e e p e r while writing the history of the m a i n t a i n e n c e is
up to the bookkeeper. If the greenkeeper keeps the cost he knows what
has been done. Depreciation should not
be used in the history of maintainence.
The g r e e n k e e n e r s job is the work
necessary to keep eighteen holes of
golf r e a d y at all times f o r play. Many
clubs have charges of f r o m $100 to

$300 p e r hole in excess of a c t u a l exp e n s e s in m a i n t a i n e n c e . In c o m p a r i n g
courses or costs, consider Service, such
t h i n g s as tee towels, stands, benches,
etc., even roads.
T h e F o r u m over which P r o f e s s o r
Dickinson presided completed t h e program.
(A r e p o r t of P r o f . Dickinson's talk
a n d of t h e F o r u m will be given in the
M a r c h issue, as copy did n o t a r r i v e bef o r e going to press.)

O

C a r l t o n E. T r e a t .

TORO

NEWS

T h e N E W E N G L A N D T O R O COMP A N Y of N E W T O N , MASS. has ann o u n c e d in t h e i r 1931 issue of catalog u e a n u m b e r of i m p r o v e m e n t s to the
T O R O line as well as m a n y new machines. We u n d e r s t a n d t h a t a copy of
t h i s u s e f u l booklet has b e e n s e n t to
e v e r y G r e e n k e e p e r on r e c o r d in t h e N e w
E n g l a n d district. If you have n o t received a copy, t h e n we s u g g e s t you drop
a line to t h e m r e q u e s t i n g same.
A m o n g t h e c h a n g e s n o t e d we find—
a g e n e r a l d o w n w a r d t r e n d in p r i c e s —
an e n t i r e c h a n g e in t h e roller f r a m e —
t r a n s p o r t t r u c k s with t h e compost machine a t no e x t r a c o s t — r o l l e r b e a r i n g s
in t h e Silver F l a s h m o w e r drive wheels
— n u m e r o u s r e f i n e m e n t s on all articles.
N e w a d d i t i o n s t a k e in t h e P o w e r Roller f o r newly sodded g r e e n s , t e n n i s
c o u r t s , cinder walks, p a t h s a n d smooth^ ^ ' n g spring frost upheavals.—A
gang
mower a t t a c h m e n t f o r t h e ever p o p u l a r
P a r k Special p o w e r m o w e r , this m a k e s
t h e P a r k Special p r a c t i c a l f o r tees, app r o a c h e s a n d l a w n s — T h e complete line
of p o w e r m o w e r s m a y be had now 'with
a riding c a r t — A n entirely new unit,
T h e T R O J A N , has b e e n a n n o u n c e d .
This u n i t h a s b e e n c a r e f u l l y tried in
o t h e r fields b e f o r e a n n o u n c i n g it to t h e
t r a d e . I t embodies these new f e a t u r e s ,
a six blade reel, chrome v a n a d i u m steel
in r e e l a n d bed k n i f e , double lip bed
k n i f e , single t h r o w o u t f o r g e a r i n g ,
s h o r t e r wheelbase, l a r g e r r e a r roller,
l o n g e r s t u d s on drive wheels, notched
r e a r roller a d j u s t m e n t r e a d i n g , drawb a r a t t a c h m e n t on side f r a m e s a n d below c e n t e r of reel, g e a r i n g g u a r a n t e e d
f o r life of m o w e r , and all of t h i s a t a
lower price t h a n a n y p r e v i o u s T O R O
3 0 " u n i t . — A n e w a t t a c h m e n t k n o w n as
t h e r e n o v a t o r f o r loosening h a r d t u r f

m a y be a t t a c h e d to a n y P a r k Special.
This has filled a n e e d . — T h e
most
s p e c t a c u l a r new addition is t h e T O R O
K n o c k a b o u t , a t h r e e wheeled gig f o r
quick and c h e a p t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a b o u t
t h e links. A t first this was considered
somewhat a joke but the TORO factory
m e n advise t h a t an e n t i r e l y n e w s l a n t
w a s received a f t e r a l a r g e n u m b e r of
G r e e n k e e p e r s in t h e Twin Cities used
it f o r a f e w days each. T h e y have rep o r t e d t h a t c h a n g e s in holes, towels,
s p r i n k l e r s and odd j o b s can be quickly
a n d efficiently accomplished with this
machine. The N e w E n g l a n d Toro Co.
advises t h a t t h e y will loan a d e m o n s t r a t o r to a n y of our m e m b e r s who
wishes to d e m o n s t r a t e to himself or his
c h a i r m a n its utility.
T h e New E n g l a n d Toro Co. advises
t h a t t h e y have a m o s t complete line of
e q u i p m e n t , f e r t i l i z e r , chemicals, h a n d
tools, accessories a n d s u n d r i e s now
r e a d y f o r d i s t r i b u t i o n to o u r m e m b e r s .
T h e y a r e one of t h e p i o n e e r Golf E q u i p m e n t houses in New E n g l a n d , t h e comp a n y is owned e n t i r e l y by N e w E n g l a n d
t a x p a y e r s . T h e y a r e b u t one of the
m a n y e x a m p l e s of a s u c c e s s f u l business
owned a n d o p e r a t e d within a n d f o r N e w
England.

W e have received word f r o m Mrs. E.
E. P a t t i s o n , D i r e c t o r of t h e I n t e r n a t i o n al Seed Service, t h a t all lots of Chewings F e s c u e seed so f a r t e s t e d have
been e x t r e m e l y low in g e r m i n a t i o n , a n d
t h e i r use would n o t be w a r r a n t e d t h i s
Spring. Mrs. P a t t i s o n w r i t e s :
" P r e s e n t stocks of Chewings F e s c u e
a r e showing v e r y low g e r m i n a t i o n s a n d
this as well as o t h e r seeds r e q u i r e s m o r e
scientific c o n s i d e r a t i o n this y e a r t h a n
ever b e f o r e . Due t o t h e f a c t t h a t no
a t t e m p t is m a d e to d e t e r m i n e t h e species
of individual seeds of f e s c u e , t h e r e will
be some m i x i n g of C h e w i n g F e s c u e a n d
E u r o p e a n F e s c u e a n d this m i x t u r e will
be sold as Chewings. We have a l r e a d y
seen evidence of this. T h e r e a s o n f o r
t h e mixing is obvious, E u r o p e a n Fescue h a v i n g a v e r y high g e r m i n a t i o n a n d
f u r t h e r m o r e b e i n g v e r y m u c h lower in
price. As you know, t h e common E u r o p e a n F e s c u e i m p o r t e d into this c o u n t r y
is r e a l l y a m i x t u r e of Red, Sheeps a n d
Hard.
" T h e r e a r e quite a f e w p a r c e l s of old
a n d u n c e r t a i n b e n t seed which w e r e
b r o u g h t in p r i o r to t h e d u t y t h a t a r e
n o w b e i n g offered a t b a r g a i n c o u n t e r
prices, b u t such seed is t h e m o s t expensive seed in t h e long r u n . "

NEW
C.

CONSTRUCTION
C.

THE

PAST

AT
SIX

TATNUCK
YEARS

As most of our g r e e n s w e r e g i v i n g
us considerable trouble with
Winterkill and heaving, due to f a u l t y cons t r u c t i o n chiefly, my G r e e n s ' Committ e e in 1925 decided to m a k e a s t a r t by
reconstructing the third green. It was
planted w i t h creeping b e n t stolons,
V i r g i n i a s t r a i n . As t h e old g r e e n w a s
poa a n n u a , a f t e r p l a n t i n g this g r e e n I
f o u n d poa a n n u a to be
germinating
a g a i n v e r y strongly, some seed no
doubt h a v i n g been l e f t in t h e soil. This
s p r e a d itself so r a p i d l y t h a t it w a s impossible to remove it. This w a s a g r e a t
d i s a p p o i n t m e n t to me, but l a t e r I w a s
t h a n k f u l t h a t poa a n n u a had come in,
as t h e V i r g i n i a bent alone would have
been a f a i l u r e .
T h e following y e a r we r e c o n s t r u c t e d
t h e eighth g r e e n This w a s also planted
w i t h V i r g i n i a bent. These g r e e n s now
have f r o m 30 to 4 0 % poa a n n u a , and
m a k e a f a i r l y s a t i s f a c t o r y p u t t i n g surf a c e here.
In 1929 we reconstructed t h e first
and fifth g r e e n s . The f i f t h w a s also
planted with V i r g i n i a bent. The
first
w a s p l a n t e d w i t h t h e so-called
Latvis
bent, creeping bent stolons. This bent
w a s a wild s t r a i n , c a p t u r e d by me h e r e ,
and p r o p a g a t e d by stolons. A n y greenkeeper who h a s visited t h e
Massac h u s e t t s A g r i c u l t u r e College a t
Amh e r s t will know how L a t v i s
bent
o r i g i n a t e d . I t s t e x t u r e and color a r e
c o m p a r a b l e to Metropolitan bent.
It
seems to give a s a t i s f a c t o r y p u t t i n g
surface. I topdress these creeping bent
g r e e n s once a month. I find t h a t stolon
g r e e n s r e q u i r e considerable more care
and t o n d r e s s i n g t h a n seeded greens,
hence t h e u p k e e p is much more expensive, and f o r t h i s r e a s o n I p r e f e r
seeded g r e e n s .
L a s t F a l l it w a s decided to recons t r u c t t h e n i n t h green. This t i m e w e
a r e not p u t t i n g in stolons, b u t a r e going to use some of t h e sod f r o m t h e old
g r e e n , and g e t t h e r e s t f r o m t h e t u r f
n u r s e r y , which w a s seeded w i t h South
G e r m a n mixed bent. The t u r f f r o m t h e
old g r e e n h a s been removed, and laid
e a r t h side down in t h e r o u g h ; in t h i s
w a y ' it r e m a i n s in good
condition
t h r o u g h t h e W i n t e r to be relaid in t h e
Spring.
J o h n S. L a t v i s .

T h e R o g e r s & H u b b a r d Company of
P o r t l a n d , Conn, m a n u f a c t u r e r s of a
general line of f e r t i l i z e r s f o r more t h a n
fifty years, have recently developed a
complete f e r t i l i z e r t r e a t m e n t f o r Golf
Courses. They s i m p l i f y t h e problem of
Golf Course F e r t i l i z a t i o n by f u r n i s h i n g
two complete m i x t u r e s , one f o r Greens
and one f o r F a i r w a y s . These m i x t u r e s
will r e p l a c e t h e l a r g e n u m b e r of m a t e r ials which have f o r m e r l y been used,
none of which in themselves met t h e
situation
permanently
because
they
w e r e not complete f e r t i l i z e r t r e a t m e n t s .
I t is generally recognized t h a t most , - ^
f e r t i l i z e r m a t e r i a l s h a v e c e r t a i n undesirable qualities f o r Golf Course F e r t i l ization. Some m a y increase w o r m casts,
o t h e r s m a y develop too much soil acidity,
while o t h e r s m a y tend to b r i n g
in
clover or weeds, or have an u n d e s i r a b l e
odor. It h a s been t h e aim of t h i s company, not only to develop f o r m u l a s >n
which t h e r i g h t kinds of p l a n t food
w e r e supplied in p r o p e r proportions, b u t
to so balance t h e m a t e r i a l s used, t h a t
these u n d e s i r a b l e qualities would be
modified.
Two d i f f e r e n t f o r m u l a s a r e necess a r y because t h e intensive development
of a bent g r a s s t u r f f o r greens requires a different f e r t i l i z e r
treatment
t h a n a f a i r w a y t u r f developed u n d e r
less intensive conditions and m a d e u p
of d i f f e r e n t g r a s s e s .
Both of these m i x t u r e s a r e t h e result of extensive r e s e a r c h and combine
t h e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s of l e a d i n g t u r f
a u t h o r i t i e s . F u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n m a y be
obtained by w r i t i n g to
The Rogers & H u b b a r d Company, ^ ^
P o r t l a n d , Connecticut.

T h e r e is a possibility t h a t m a n y a r e
t u r n i n g too strongly to t h e inorganics
this coming season. It should be rem e m b e r e d t h a t t h e r e still is a place f o r
the' o r g a n i c f e r t i l i z e r s t h a t no inorganic
can fill, and g r e e n k e e p e r s should bew a r e of t h e same t r o u b l e which m a n y
have experienced a l r e a d y by u s i n g inorganics alone.

We h a v e recently h e a r d of a new
f e r t i l i z e r c o n t a i n i n g an 8.-8-4 ratio, with
t h e n i t r o g e n supplied by dried blood,
n i t r a t e of soda, s u l p h a t e of ammonia,
and cottonseed meal, two u n i t s each.
How do^s t h i s sound to you?
.,".',

GRO-

FAST

Fertilizer
FOR

GOLF

GREENS

H e r e are t w o mixtures which will
solve your Fertilizer problems.
The
f o r m u l a s are based on the latest dev e l o p m e n t s in t h e
fertilization
of
turf grasses.
Write

for

further

information.

'
The
Rogers & Hubbard Co.
Portland, Conn.
Established

GRO-

1878

FAST

FAIRWAYS

OUR

BRAND

GOLF SEEDS
are produced by the
world's foremost growers
Officially analyzed for purity and
germination and sold on that basis.
Distributors

announces t h e

Ideal Power Greens Mower
7 Blade Bulldog Unit
New Bulldog Tractor
Boston District

of

VICTORY PUTTING GREEN
FERTILIZERS
W r i t e f o r p r i c e list or s e n d s p e c i fications w h e r e large quantities desired.
Prices
reasonable.

Thos. W. Emerson Co.
215 STATE
STREET
BOSTON,
MASS.
Wholesale Merchants Since
1865
Telephone, HUBbard
0985

Representatives

ARTHUR MEADE
STEVE BERECZ
273 Boylston Street
Brookline,

Fertilizer
FOR

Ideal Power
Lawn Mower Company

Beacon

Mass.
1727

Announcement
Due to change in policy of
The Thos. W. Emerson Co. I
resigned my position with t h e m
Feb. 1, 1931.
I am now associated with
Hovey & Co., 150 Milk St.,
Boston. This c o m p a n y specializes in golf course supplies and
I feel t h a t t h r o u g h my association with t h e m I can better
serve my customers.
I t h a n k all my f r i e n d s f o r
their past co-operation and
hope f o r a continuance of their
business.
Faithfully,
PERCIVAL

S. B R O W N .

H BHlg|ll||S|iaiSl|g]BlB]B||«liail»liaiKll

(IBlHllliailiaBlBISEEHSllSSBlBHSlSlSliaSlSBBlHBIIl

SPRING FERTILIZATION

B
B
a
1
i

T h e d a m a g e by t h e p r o l o n g e d d r o u t h of the p a s t season will
be p a r t i a l l y overcome b y extensive s p r i n g f e r t i l i z a t i o n on f a i r w a y s .
A g r e a t deal is now b e i n g said and w r i t t e n
as to t h e m e r i t s of i n o r g a n i c s as well as
organics. I t is our opinion t h a t a definite use
does exist f o r b o t h t y p e s a n d we have accord100 lbi.Ntme^t
ingly a r r a n g e d our stocks.
KOPPEUS

Sulphate

of

Ammonia

We a r e s u p p l y i n g t h e r e g u l a r 2 5 % S u l p h a t e
a t c u r r e n t prices. This m a t e r i a l h a s been used
f o r m a n y y e a r s and its benefits a r e well
known.

^uperfine-Non-Lumping
SULPHATE
AMMONIA

Nitrogen20m

We

are

also

selling

Koppers

Velvet

Lawn,

a m o r e refined S u l p h a t e which is p a c k e d in
m o i s t u r e proof bags a n d r e m a i n s dry and fine.

3

m

H
g
•it]

is

\

Superphosphate

S u p e r p h o s p h a t e of b o t h 1 6 %
and
analysis is now b e i n g c a r r i e d by us.

20%

(S

Milorganite
SI

X

H

Milorganite has a l r e a d y been a c c e p t e d by m a n y
G r e e n k e e p e r s as a very s a t i s f a c t o r y o r g a n i c f e r tilizer. Our sales f o r 1930 w e r e some 2 0 % in
excess of those of 1929. W e firmly believe t h a t
this m a t e r i a l has a definite use on e v e r y golf
course w h e r e an o r g a n i c source of n i t r o g e n is
desired.

1 0 0 L B S . N E T WEIGHT

ffilDHGANltf
GUARANTEED ANALYSIS

H

Milorganite is a u n i f o r m m a t e r i a l chemically
a n d physically. I t is f r e e of weed seeds a n d h a r m f u l b a c t e r i a of all kinds. Odorless — easy to
s p r e a d — w i l l n o t b u r n — i n e x p e n s i v e to use.

JttAM 2f
ACID

B*

^NUFACTUREO B*
'WET S r . MILWAUKEE-1

Ammo-Phos

We believe the A m m o - P h o s B as p r o d u c e d by the
I A m e r i c a n Cyanimid Co., to be of t h e highest quality
Ion t h e m a r k e t . T h e analysis is I 6 V 2 / 2 O .
T h a t is
116% % n i t r o g e n ( 2 0 % a m m o n i a ) a n d 20 % available
(phosphoric acid. I t is clean, dry, g r a n u l a r — a s u p e r b
I m a t e r i a l to handle and apply.

W h e n m a k i n g u p y o u r f e r t i l i z e r e s t i m a t e f o r t h i s spring, send
a list of y o u r n e e d s to us. W e will q u o t e you delivered to t h e club
g r o u n d s - w h e n shipped b y t r u c k or f r e i g h t p r e p a i d to y o u r d e p o t if
shipped by f r e i g h t .
"Sedgepeat", n a t u r e ' s p r o d u c t , a p e r f e c t soil conditioner.
"Charcoal", M a c K e l l a r ' s g r a d e T, p o w d e r e d .
Write

247

jSHHHMSMSSB]®^^

For

Prices.

NEW ENGLAND TORO CO.

NEWTONVILLE
Phone Newton

AVE.,
North

NEWTON,
7900 - 7901

MASS.