M A Y 1968

ourSe Superintendents
O F

N E W

E N G L A N D ,

\ioclution
I N C

Sponsors and administrators of the Lawrence S.
Dickinson Scholarship Fund — A w a r d e d yearly
to deserving Turf Management Students.

SI
Golf Course Design - Construction - Renontion Issue
CONTEMPORARY DESIGN STANDARDS
Geoffrey

S. Cornish,

Golf Course Architect

Fiddlers

Green,

Amherst,

Mass.

Except for World War II and two other years I have attended every Massachusetts Turfgrass Conference since 1937. In
my opinion the 1968 Conference assembled one of the greatest
groups of speakers of any conference to date. Great credit must
go to Dr. Joe Troll for organizing this conference and for doing it year after year despite an unusually heavy teaching
load. And Leon St. Pierre who has so often borne the heavy
load of chairing the conference will agree with me that Anthony Caranci performed magnificently in chairing this one
and in bringing it to so successful a conclusion.

C. Design for machine maintenance is a must today as emphasized by both Tom Mascaro and David Moote in their
splendid presentations.

My subject is summarized as follows:
A. In designing a golf course there are three major considerations. These are the game of golf, maintenance and aesthetics.
B. In regard to the game itself the course must be exciting and
challenging for all types of players. -And adequate consideration in arriving at shot values must be given to wind effects,
the sun, the horizon, distant vistas, alternate routes, terrain,
variety and visibility. Contemporary design is strategic rather
than penal. Notwithstanding the difference in maintenance
standards as brought out so effectively by Dr. Skogley between the ancient courses of the British Isles and those of North
America, the links of Scotland are our only enduring texts on
strategic design.

E. The five principles of art are defined as follows:

D. In this last half of the twentieth century, mankind yearns
for beauty. Green grass, trees, white sand and impressive
surroundings automatically provide what is called pastoral
beauty. But this beauty is enriched by the embodiment wherever appropriate of the principles of art. Appropriateness is
determined by the law "Form Follows Function."
1. Harmony is the principle that produces a sense of unity
in the composition. In our case the composition is the golf
hole. A similarity between lines of a green, its foreground and
its background will provide harmony.
2. Proportion
is the law of scale or size. An example in
high mountain country would be large sand traps and other
features if they are to be in scale with their surroundings.
3. Balance is rest or repose. The restful effect is obtained
on each side. This may be bisymmetrical or asymmetrical. The
former would be exemplified by bunkers on both sides of a
(Cont'd page 6 )

our$e Superin

LIST

OF

APRIL
MEETING

DIRECTORS

President Anthony Caranci
V. President Richard Blake
V. President
Robert Grant
Secretary
Thomas Curran
Treasurer
Lucien Duval
Norman Mucciarone
Robert Mucciarone
Philip Cassidy
Albert Allen
Edward Murphy
Wayne Ripley
Dean Robertson
Leon St.Pierre

ten den t&

The April meeting of the
G.C.S.A. of N. E. was held
at the Holiday Inn, Newton,
Mass. on April 1, 1968 with
5 5 members and guests attending. This was the last
indoor meeting of the winter sessions.
Lou Duval reminds us
that the dues are coming in
better than last year. However, may we also refer
you to your bylaw bookr
Article I V Section 10, 1-2

1. All Association dues shall be payable December 1. On the
first day of December and April the Treasurer shall send
a statement to every member indebted to the Association.
2. All Members whose dues or assessments shall remain in
arrears more than five ( 5 ) months shall be suspended
from the Association without necessity of notice given of
such suspension.
WELCOME TO N E W M E M B E R S
Regular — Robert St. Thomas
Associate — Robert Heeley
Assistant — David Macora
The

eye, especially,

demands

completeness.
Goethe

Coming Events . . .
June 3, 1968 is the annual Superintendent-Chairman tournament and this year it will be held at The Country Club in
Brookline, Massachusetts. Jim MacDonald is the super of this
fine 27-hole layout.
July 8, 1968 will be the first annual Superintendent-Press
tournament. It is going to be held at the Twin Hills Country
Club in Longmeadow, Mass. Roy Macintosh is the super. It
will be the responsibility of each member wishing to play in
this new event to line up his own "press partner." If you
have trouble finding a partner, please contact Wayne Ripley
as he is the Golf Chairman.
The August meeting will be at the Agawam Hunt Club
where Wayne Zoppo is the super.

Fatal Dosage
This technology we " e n j o y " today is little else but a widespread suicidal pollution. It is a blight affecting not only the
air we breathe and the water we drink, but also the land we
till and the outer space we hardly know.
—Oceanographer
Dr. Jacques Piccard,
saying he
doubts man will survive the 21st
century.

J ocia tion •
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE

After hearing the presentation given by Sherwood Moore
at the University of Massachusetts 1968 Turf Conference
concerning unions on the golf course, it was certainly apropos
to the last president's message. When his talk is published in
the turf clipping magazine I highly recommend that all green
chairmen take the time to read it thoroughly. Those Superintendents who may not have attended this excellent conference
should make sure that he obtains a copy and forward it to
his club officers. One emphatic point Superintendent Moore
stated, " i t cost the Country Club $27.50 per month per man
for fringe benefits alone for his maintenance crew." We have
been very fortunate in the New England States, whereby, organized labor has been very slow in unionizing the country
clubs. However, the country clubs should take the iniative and
begin to realize that golf is the reason for being and more
money must be budgeted for Golf Course payrolls. Full staffs
of kitchen and dining room employees are retained during the
winter months. When the busy golfing season begins the restaurant end of the country club is guaranteed service by competent help who are ready to perform their duties and serve
the membership. Reducing a golf course crew down to two
or three men during the winter months does not save money.
In the spring, not only does the problem of acquiring a crew
under the present wage conditions exist, but 7 5 % of your
crew are new men, the problem of training them arises. This
consumes time and time is money. It is a fallacy to believe
that the club is saving money with a part time crew. On paper
it may look cheaper, but the wasted unproductive hours in
teaching a new crew comes out of the efficiency of the golf
course operation which in turn gives a lesser golf course to the
membership. The unnecessary crude abuse of our very expensive golf course equipment by this new help is immeasurable. After weeks of training have transpired (although it takes
years to make a good golf course crewman) the newly trained
men start leaving for landscaping and other positions that
offer them higher wages. The actual cost per hour for the
amount of work accomplished is actually more expensive than
if you paid crewmen more per hour, all year round with
fringe benefits. Many clubs have already begun to act. They
are keeping 5 to 7 men on the payroll year round, offering
a living wage; plus fringe benefits, initiating a comprehensive
winter work program. These are the clubs who will have no
labor problems this spring or in the future because they have
the foundation of their crew, who are trained, responsible and
dedicated to their clubs. Most country club memberships are
made up of very successful business men who have been
faced with labor problems in their respective fields. Analyzing this situation as business men, you demand the best and
are entitled to the best. Give the Superintendent the best to
work with; put your golf course operation on a business basis
and improve these conditions; before we will have to tolerate
unions. If unions come to our golf courses, remember, the
country clubs will have forced it upon themselves, the decision
is yours now, you may not have the right to decide later.
Anthony B. Caranci, Jr., President

O F

N E W

E N G L A N D ,

D N € »

Some Elements of Golf Course Design
Philip

A. Wogan,

Golf Course

An ancient axiom in architecture is "form follows function." This is just as true in golf course architecture. It seems
obvious that the function of a golf course would be to provide a playing ground for the game of golf; but quoting
Kettering, "Nothing is more obscure than the obvious," and
that probably applies in this case.
Golf means different things to different people. To some, it
is a business; to others, it is a recreational or social activity;
and to many, it is a sport. Hence, it would appear that golf
courses must serve different functions and, thus, must take
different forms. For example, the operator of a fee-type course
is _ interested in maximizing his income and minimizing his
expenditures. For this reason, he would like a golf course
that would permit maximum traffic. This would require the
elimination of a number of features which would slow play.
This would mean much less bunkering, wider fairways, less
rough, et cetera. He would also want a course that is relatively easy to maintain. As a case in point, in green design,
he would want larger greens with very gentle contouring to
allow for more cupping space; larger aprons and collars to
facilitate gang mowing and shallower bunkers to decrease
the amount of hand labor. The managers of publicly owned
courses are also interested in volume play — not for profit,
but to serve the growing golfing public. The foregoing would
apply to a municipal course.
Now, for those people who think of golf as a sport, those
individuals who believe that the courses they play on should
be of "championship caliber", the architect must consider
other design forms. I agree that the expression "championship
course" is a very nebulous term and certainly a much abused
one. What constitutes a championship course? Certainly, the
often advertised fact that it is more than 6,300 yards is not
the criteria; for, we know there are many courses that can
fall in that category which cannot be considered of championship caliber. Also, the fact that they are architect designed,
have sculptured greens, have large tees and attractive landscaping cannot be considered a determining factor. Rather,
it is a combination of many factors, some of them unique to
a particular course itself, which determines whether or not
a course is of championship caliber. However, there is one
thing we can be sure of — any course worthy of a championship test must be wholly related to the nature of the game
itself. Golf is basically a game of accuracy, skill and finesse
with a heavy emphasis on iron play. As an illustration, let
us take the matter of finesse around and on the putting green.
Putting surfaces should not be so large as to require a put that
is not a finesse shot. A golfer should not have to drive that
ball across the green in order to reach the cup. If he is this
distance away, he should be able to play a "pitch and run"
or a " c h i p " shot to the pin, depending upon the contours
which must be carried. These are some of the enjoyable shots
in golf and make the game what it is. The contouring of the
green must be such that it allows for a great variety of putting skills, whether they be mental or physical. This means,
of course, that on many greens this will cut down on cupping
space and, therefore, will increase our maintenance problems.
It is recognized that certain maintenance considerations must
be built into the golf course; for example, in the case of green
contours, they must provide for adequate surface drainage,
and these considerations cannot be compromised.
For an example of skill and finesse combined, we might use
bunker shots from green bunkers. There has been a trend in
recent years towards shallow bunkers to cut down on main-

Architect,

Beverly,

Mass.

tenance problems. It is my opinion that a golf course of
"championship caliber" should provide a number of opportunities for explosion shots from the bunker. Too often, a
golfer can get out of a shallow bunker with a "Texas wedge."
This, in my view, is a "nothing" shot; therefore, a number
of green bunkers should be deep enough and with steep
enough gradients to require a golfer to go after the ball with
a "sand wedge" or nine iron and bring that ball up quick.
Here again, this design feature will require maintenance; but
our golf course superintendents have the management skills
to handle these extra problems; and the golfer should be
willing to pay the "freight" in increased maintenance costs
to get a course of a more challenging nature.
Let us take another point. What design features are necessary to put a premium on accuracy and skill in playing the middle to short iron, or more specifically, the four iron down to the
pitching wedge? These irons, well played, can make a day on
the golf course worthwhile. I am in agreement with a number
of golfing authorities that believe too much emphasis has
been placed on the long ball and not enough on accuracy.
Provisions should be made in the size of the target area and
in the placement of bunkers that would place greater shot
value on the approach iron. This means that provision should
be made on a number of holes for smaller target areas. This
can be done by reducing the green size and placing the green
bunkering closer to the putting surface. This would put less
emphasis on putting. After all, it already has enough emphasis with thirty-six strokes allotted to it for every eighteenhole round, In my judgment, the average green size on a
course of championship caliber should be 6,000 to 6,500
square feet, ranging from 4,500 to 8,000 square feet.
In general, in order for the architect to arrive at a design,
he must try to anticipate the ultimate function of a golf
course. He must take into consideration certain golfing values
inherent in the game and, at the same time, incorporate design features which will, within reason, minimize maintenance problems.
CIRCULATION
We design for an attractive space and theme
modulation,
from drive entrance to building entrance,
to parking
court
and return.
We do not violate the
landscape.
We design, of course, to take full advantage of the site •—
its topography,
its cover, its vistas, views, and other
landscape
features, and its native
character.
We flow with the contours of the land.
We move from hollow to ridge, from dense cover to open
sweep, — maximizes
in all ways possible the pleasurable
impact at the site.
John Ormsbee Simonds
As long as mans activities are in sympathy with nature, or
are on so small a scale that they do not interfere with nature's
self-renewing
cycle, the landscape
survives, either in a predominantly
natural form or as a balanced product of human
partnership
ivith nature. But as soon as the growth of the
population
or its urban activities are sufficient
to upset nature's balance, the landscape
suffers, and the only remedy is
for man to take a conscious part in the landscape
evolution.
Sylvia Crowe

3

—r

'(joHfl (Gourde

Superintendents

^Iddociation-

Construction By Contract and the Role of the Superintendent
David Canavan, President, Moore Golf, Inc.

The method by which a vast majority of golf courses today
are being built is by contract, with a firm experienced in golf
course construction. This can be done with one contract and
one firm doing all the construction or with three separate
contracts. This latter method is used extensively in areas that
are planted with Bermuda grass. The breakdown of these
contracts is:
1. Clearing, earthwork, drainage, soil mix, fine grading.
2. Irrigation system.
3. Planting.
The first step for an individual or group planning a golf
course is to obtain the services of a competent architect. If
there is a choice of sites, which is now very seldom the case,
it is wise to have the architect in the picture prior to making
a definite commitment on the land. If you want his time and
opinion, be sure to pay for it.
The architect will then prepare detailed plans and specifications and put the job out for bids. After the bids are in,
the work is then awarded to the lowest responsible contractor
and the work will progress.
Where does the golf course superintendent fit into this picture? All too often he is the forgotten man. Everyone knows
that a superintendent must be hired, but usually no one does
anything about it. Now that construction is under way, attention turns to hiring a pro who may well be needed but usually
not for a year. The superintendent, in most cases, will be an
absolute must in four months.
It would be ideal for the new superintendent to be on the
job from the start, and to have some say in the specifications.
It is more normal for the superintendent to be hired after
the job has started, so I will try to outline some things for
a new superintendent to do and look for.
Before you take the job, one of the most important things
to do is read the specifications and look at the plans. You
will have very little chance to change anything major after
a contract has been let. It is a good idea to find out what the
proposed budget will be and, if possible, talk to the architect.
Once on the job, it is important to do the following:
1. Find out exactly what your responsibilities and your authority will be during the construction.
2. If you have any questions as to the plans and specifications,
go directly to the architect for his thoughts and reasons
for them.
3. Avoid as much as possible having to give orders and messages from the architect to the construction superintendent.
4. Give any suggestions or complaints directly to the construction superintendent — not to any of his employees.
5. Sit down with the architect and contractor and determine
at what point you will take over maintenance. The contract
may end in many ways:
a. With seed in the ground.
This type of contract definitely is the most clearcut, and
is perhaps the best in the long run. It forces the club to
hire a good superintendent early. It also drives home the
point that he must have men and equipment that fall.
b. Other ways of ending are:
A reasonable stand of grass.

Culpeper, Virginia

A green cover.
One or two mowings.
None of the above will give the owner a golf course. It
will only delay the take-over of maintenance by the owner's
superintendent 10-30 days.
c. Contractor will maintain until ready to play. In the
few contracts so worded, the owner usually is not planning to hire a superintendent.
As a maintenance superintendent, you should be ready
to take over the work as soon as the contractor has fulfilled his contract on any given area — green, fairway, or
tee. It is important that there be no lapse in the maintenance
of the seedling turf. This take-over of the maintenance by
the superintendent will in no way relieve the contractor of
any obligations he may have under his contract.
6. Maintenance building.
One of your first needs will be a maintenance building for
your equipment. It must either be built or converted from
a present structure.
7. Maintenance equipment.
While it is advisable to give the club a complete list of
equipment needed, it is imperative that you have the items
which you will need when you take over maintenance.
8. Topdressing.
Get a good supply under cover if possible, as it is advisable
to try to get 3 topdressings on greens and 2 on all tees before opening day. It may be advisable and cheaper to pay
the contractor to mix some of your topdressing with his
larger plant. This usually is not fine enough for finish
topdressing, but will do for the first topdressing on the
greens and all topdressing on the tees.
9. Watering.
The most important single factor in bringing in a course
is to keep the seed and seedling turf damp. If you have
to take over the course from seed, you should have a crew
of about four men one week before you will need them to
water, once the seed is in the ground. About all one man
can handle is one hole, as he must water very light and
often.
10. Mowing.
The greens should be mowed at about 1 " the first time and
lowered slowly, once the greens fill in. All other areas
should be mowed about 1 " higher than their final height
and slowly lowered. It is very important to mow often as
new turf, many times, will grow faster than an older stand
of grass.
11. Washes.
Unless you have sheet washes which will require complete
reseeding, it is best to ignore washes no matter who is
required to repair them, until the grass in the unwashed
areas has taken a firm hold.
It is very important for the superintendent of a new course
to impress upon the official of his club the work he must do
and the men and equipment he must have. On an existing
course, you will usually have a greens chairman who has
some idea of what has to be done, but the bringing in of a
new course is usually one thing he is not used to.
The bringing in of a new course can be, in spite of the
hard work, a very enjoyable and rewarding job.

Editor — Dr. Burton R. Anderson, Route 5, Augusta,

Maine

New Officers
At the annual meeting of the Association held at the Holiday Inn in Portland on March 20, the following officers were
elected for the coming year:
President:
John Davis, Superintendent
Riverside Golf Course
Portland
Sec. Treas.
Ernest Hawkes, Superintendent
Gorham Country Club
Gorham
Vice President, Southern Maine
Lloyd Ruby, Assistant Superintendent
Portland Country Club
Portland
Vice President, Central Maine
Harvey LaMontagne, Pro-Superintendent
Rockland Country Club
Rockland
Vice President, Northern Maine
John P. Dana, Pro-Superintendent
Maine Central Institute Golf Course
Pitts field

NEXT MEETING
Next meeting will be held on May 7th at Howard
Johnson's

restaurant,

South

Portland.

The

business

meeting will be followed by a panel discussion on winter damage. Golf may be played after the meeting at
Willowdale Golf Course at Scarboro.

Your editor repeats that this Newsletter can be mailed to
appropriate officials of golf courses where member superintendents are employed. Members are urged to send in names
and addresses of these officials to the editor or secretary so
that this mailing may occur.

Good Design or Good Construction Specifications?
Dr. Burton R. Anderson
Obviously the answer to the question is that a good golf
course has both good design azid good construction specifications, although the writer is inclined to emphasize specifications since course quality often seems poorer through substandard construction than through design. Certainly a good
part of the trouble is that good design standards used before,
say 1930, are often obsolete today especially in the matters
of course length and tee and green size. And ignorance of
principles of course construction and turf management was
greater so that courses made in the "old days" with the best
of intentions may have become mediocre in design and quality and be costly and difficult to maintain.
In this area remodeling of present courses has hardly begun, and construction of new courses too often shows little
evidence of the advances in course architecture and construction. The nub of the matter is that the effects of that long,
grim period from 1930-1945, when golf declined severely
with a decrease in the number of courses by 2 5 % , are very
much with us as evidenced by the low valuation placed by
golfers on the game, or, to put it another way, the small increase since 1945 in greens fees and annual dues that golfers
are willing to pay. Ignorance that there has been a great
inflation economically since that time is another factor, although readily excusable since monetary matters are so difficult to understand. (Reasoning a bit further, it could be
prophesied that private recreation could become a casualty
of an unstable dollar, with such inflation very likely to occur
in the future as we are forced to come to grips with our huge
urban problems which are to be attacked with money from
public sources. Certainly no one hopes that all of our wealth
will have to provide for necessities, as in wartime or depression economies, but present trends are not optimistic).
It would appear that when golf course officials face up to
the problems of remodeling or building a course, they find

— Golf Course

Architect

that the costs of building even a "'cow pasture'' course are
staggering with reference to their former or preconceived notions on such matters. Isolation from the mainstream of golf
is part of the reason for their discomfort, and their ignorance
or unwillingness to accept the concept of a modern goli course
superintendentship (and superintendent) helps keep them from
knowledge of realistic golf course construction and management costs.
Often an initial response to the shock of golf course costs
is that a golf course architect will not be consulted at all. Instead local talent will be pooled, often with a heavy weight of
opinion going to golfers of great skill. Or general contractors
without experience in golf course construction are expected to
set the design and specifications. If an architect is consulted,
his preliminary plan is likely to be used as though it were the
complete plan and specifications are to take care of themselves. And if the architect is retained to develop complete
plans and specifications and to supervise construction, he finds
increasing resistance to acceptance of advanced design and
good construction specifications because of the increased costs
involved. Most architects do well in pointing out the bad consequences of compromising design and specifications, yet the
customer too often elects too low grade a course apparently
trusting to "Heaven, Home and Mother" to make things come
out right. Finally, the architect has a hard time to sell the new
course on a golf course superintendent in the proper sense,
and this makes commissions rather hard indeed.
Developers of most any product or service are aware that
there is a market for a quality grade of such product or
service, even if not readily apparent through market research.
In this regard the writer is of the opinion that the future of
golf enterprise in Maine belongs to those who build or rebuild quality into their golf courses.

Editor — George Hauschel, Supt. Rockingham

Country Club, Newmarket,

N. H.

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
APRIL MEETING
The April meeting was held at the New Hampshire Highway Hotel, Concord, New Hampshire, on April 9, 1968. Mr.
Charles Pickering of the Atlas Chemical Industries, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, spoke on the use of dynamite for ledge
and rock removal, and how to blow drainage ditches with
ditching dynamite. Mr. Pickering stressed the "Do's and
Dont's", instructions, and warnings in the use of this explosive.

NEXT MEETING - M A Y 14
Directors' meeting
Regular meeting
Dinner
Educational Program

10:00
11:00
12:15
1:15

a.m.
a.m.
p.m.
p.m.

On May 14, 1968, the meeting and dinner will be held at
the " T H U N D E R B I R D " Golf Course, on Route 3, Tyngsboro,
Mass. Dinner will be charcoal steak at $4.50 a plate, including
two drinks. After the dinner, we will go to the Green Meadows
Golf Club, where co-hosts Phil Friel, owner, and Dick Lorman, superintendent, will give us a short talk and a tour of
the 36-hole layout, the only 36-hole club in New Hampshire.
After the educational program there will be a nine-hole golf
tournament for those who wish to participate.

The 1968 golfing season is upon us and it promises to be
an interesting and demanding one. For the past few months
we have been attending conferences, local seminars, catching
up on our accumulating literature and now it is time to put
this added information into practice.
With each year a more definite emphasis has been placed
on the superintendent's managerial duties. Due to the rising
costs of equipment, materials, and labor, coupled with slow
increases in membership dues, assessments, and other incomes,
the superintendent must spend more time working on efficiency measures.
Slowly vanishing from the scene is the superintendent working side by side with his crew out on the course. The changing role of the superintendent, brought about by more demanding pressure from members, labor, and higher costs of
materials, is leaning towards that of a manager. More time
is necessarily spent on paperwork; precise records are needed
on the various phases of maintenance operations to evaluate
the efficiency of present procedures. By this method we can
determine where funds are needed, justify present spending,
and estimate future increases and decreases.
We have progressed from "caretaker" to "greenskeeper" to
"Superintendent." If we examine closely our profession in
terms of duties performed, we will find that we do more than
superintend. Who Are You: Superintendent or Manager- Superintendent?
Robert Flanagan
President

Two Years in the Rough

By George Hauschel, Superintendent,
Rockingham
Country Club, Newmarket, N. H.
with our problems. This committee has a chairman, social
During the early summer of 1943, I was offered a job at
chairman, rules chairman, handicap chairman, and steward —
the Rockingham Country Club, weeding greens at forty cents
plus the Pro and Superintendent. The objectives of the coman hour. I was then eleven years old; today I am thirty-five
mittee are: to give the members a voice in our club; to handle
years old and still working at the same club. In 1956 I beall local rules; to set up, one year in advance, dates for tourcame Superintendent, so whatever the problems at our club
naments, weekend group outings, and Pro Days, and to leave
from 1943 to date, I have always been involved in them, one
a couple of open dates for extra club activities, if desired; to
way or another.
handle all member grievances; to give active assistance with
In the winter of 1963 the Hauschel family bought the golf
club activities; to bring about a better relationship between
course and my brother, Bruce, became the Pro. Up to that
the leagues and the management; and to act as a liaison betime we had operated without a pro, as a public golf course,
tween
members and Superintendent and to support the Superand had not held any tournaments or group events. New
intendent's decisions.
problems now confronted us iMsfe problems such as schedule
For the first Greens Committee, Bruce and I picked people
conflicts between Pro and Superintendent. He had his schedwhom we felt would make good committee members. In the
ule and I had mine, but we weren't yet quite accustomed to
second and third years, they have elected their own members,
getting together on them so that the two schedules blended
with the president of the league being automatically a memsmoothly. We would find out on less than twenty-four hours'
ber. All these men serve without compensation. Bruce and I
notice that a tournament was being held while we were topdo not have a vote on this committee unless it is to break a
dressing the greens.
stalemate, as we want the committee members to feel that ihis
The consequence of this was a general foul-up in plans. The
is their club, even though it is privately owned. This has been
watering schedule and the mowing schedule were upset, leavwell accepted by the committee members.
ing us no chance to polish up the course as nicely as I would
Most golf clubs are not owned by private individuals, as
have liked for tournament play. It also called for unexpected
our club is, and these other clubs usually function quite well
extra hours for me and my crew, and if they had already
with their greens committees; my point here is that privatelymade plans for that day off, they might not be able to return
owned clubs can also function successfully with a greens comto work on such short notice. This led to disgruntled and
mittee working with the pro and superintendent.
demoralized employees, and to a poor relationship between
Since the organization of our greens committee, the entire
members and superintendent, for the superintendent caught
management of the club has gone much more smoothly; there
the blame if the course wasn't ready on time.
is no more friction between pro and superintendent about
It was almost two years before we finally found a satisfactime and date of club activities. I feel that if the pro and
tory solution to our problem. During the winter of 1965, my
superintendent can get along in harmony, at least ninety-eight
brother Bruce and I organized a Greens Committee, made up
per cent of the large problems of this relationship are alof a geographical cross-section of our members, to help us
ready solved.

Editor — Dr. Burton R. Anderson, Route 5, Augusta,

NEXT MEETING
There will be July meeting on August 6, 1968. We
will meet at Rockland Golf Club, Rockland. Maine. Big
Harv is the superintendent.

Care of Trees on Golf Courses
Since trees grow so profusely in the northeast and thereby
receive a lower valuation than they do farther south and west,
superintendents often find it difficult to budget tree care on
a golf course. Of course, a winter crew, if present, can do a
lot of tree care such as pruning off lower branches, thinning
out of stands and clean-up, and such items do not need special
budgeting. But for the more intrinsic work to be done in the
tree tops, the superintendent would rather hire an outside
arborist, and it is this special budget item that club officials
seem to reject as unnecessary.
This short-sighted policy of attempting to consign the superintendent and his crew into the trees usually means that trees
do not get adequate care and for the following reasons: (1)
The superintendent and his crew are untrained in tree climbing and far less efficient working in trees than arborists even
accounting for the higher rate of pay for an arborist. (2) If
a superintendent and crew are inefficient in trees they are
unsafe as well. Certainly no one wishes to force men into
obviously unsafe working conditions, and in addition insurance underwriters of workmen's compensation or health and
accident programs, while covering accident loss from casual
work in trees (and extension ladders) do not cover loss from
sustained work therein unless so notified that such is to occur,
in which case the insured's premiums are adjusted upwards
sharply to cover this special risky work. (3) While the superintendent and crew may do well enough sawing off branches,
they are not competent in matters of installation of guy wires
or tilling cavities left by rotting wood, for example. The arborist is trained for this sort of work and is more learned in
fertilizing and insect and disease control as well.
More and more people are giving up their own tree care
and now hire arborists, pointing up their increased valuation put upon trees and the wish they receive full, proper
care, as attested by the explosive growth of this field of endeavor.

JUNE MEETING
The June meeting was held at Philippe's restaurant in
Biddeford on the 4th. That Gary Merrill dined there assured
members that they had picked a good place to eat.
Informal golf occurred at Dutch Elm Golf Course. The
Association is grateful to Roger Lowell for being host.

Maine

MODERN FERTILIZER PACKAGING
Transportation costs are now so high that most of a fertilizer's cost is now in shipping. Fertilizer producers have responded to this problem by increasing the fertilizer element
content in their products to lower the total costs of total
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Application and storage
costs to superintendents are likewise reduced.
A question must be raised about the form of the increased
element content. There seems little doubt that the sources of
phosphorus are and will continue to be superphosphate and
ammophos, while muriate of potash is the potassium supply.
In consideration of nitrogen there is indeed danger of uncertainty and confusion. From the earliest times superintendents have believed in the efficacy of nitrogen supplied in a
natural organic carrier, and these materials were formerly
readily available. The chief reason for favoring organic nitrogen is probably that its release is gradual. In short, it is a
fundamental part of our fertilizer "lore" that a complete turf
fertilizer should have some or all of its nitrogen from organic
sources, and most turf fertilizers packaged both for retail
trade and golf courses come this way.
The main point revolves about the definition of the word
"organic." An organic chemical is one that contains carbon,
and a material used to carry nitrogen that is organic does
contain carbon. Such materials may occur naturally or be
made artificially. The criterion that organic chemicals containing nitrogen will release their nitrogen gradually when
applied to soil is not part of the definition.
Urea is an organic chemical in the strict sense but is readily water soluble and releases its nitrogen quickly when applied to soil. It is an organic nitrogen source but does not
react like one in the sense visualized by those favoring such
materials bfecause they release nitrogen slowly.
It is very likely that the great step-up in nitrogen content
in blended fertilizers is due mostly to urea, because the claim
made on the bag is that of " 2 5 % , 3 5 % or 5 0 % organic nitrogen'' while in fine print the amount of water insoluble nitrogen
remains a small fraction of the total claimed. The only way
to get total nitrogen up to 15-25 units is to use such concentrated chemicals as ammonium nitrate, urea or urea-formaldehyde, the natural organic materials being too low in nitrogen
content. Use of much urea-formaldehyde in a mix would
indeed bring the nitrogen content up sharply and the water
insoluble nitrogen content as well.
So it would seem that blended fertilizers are being pepped
up with urea to give a high "organic" and total nitrogen
content. These fertilizers are not cheap per unit of fertilizer
element, but may well be worth the price if they come through
well granulated for easy, efficient application with a whirlcast spreader. Those concerned with the use of organic nitrogen will likely go back to blending their own from raw
materials, seeing no sense in paying a great deal for urea,
which can be obtained locally for a very low cost per pound
of nitrogen.

Editor — George Hauschel, Supt. Rockingham

Country Club, Newmarket,

N. H.

New Hampshire Golf Course Superintendents Association, Inc.

A DEALER'S A M E N
By 0. 0.
CLAPPER
I am attracted by Mr. Barry's recent article in the Neivsletter relative to equipment, parts and service.
Dr. Nutter says in his recent Turfgrass Times editorial that
we are at the threshold of needing newly designed and more
sophisticated equipment designed for today's new needs.
The late Prof. Dickinson of U. of M. used to ask the question — "Are we designing the golf courses to fit the equipment or vice versa?" There was never a unanimous answer
to this question, and I doubt if there will ever be one.
I can well remember the hassles I used to get into with
Prof. Dickinson when I was asked to address the graduating
class. I would advocate the use of a F I V E gang fairway outfit on 9 holes and a SEVEN on 18 holes and even a seven on
9 if space and tractor power permitted. I advocated FOUR
Power Greens_ mowers for 9 holes and SEVEN for 18 holes.
A spare is handy in case of a breakdown or if weather is
pushing the grass ahead too fast. Too many clubs are using
the MINIMUM equipment and they have no reserve. Too
many clubs are over anxious to trade away extra gang mowers
and other equipment when it would be worth three times the
trade for emergency use.
As an equipment dealer for some 45 years I should like
to get in my two cents worth for you to read as I believe I
have some thoughts that merit consideration.
I am sure that Dr. Nutter's forecast will come true but before it can there must be a desire and a willingness on the
part of the thinking superintendent to invest some real money
in more modern equipment. The resistance on the part of the
buyers for anything new and radical has held development
back many years. If you wait for the perfect machines —
you'll never have them. This is true of even colored TV and
all mechanical products. Engineers invent and design only
what the public wants. Want it and you'll get it.
My guess is that the men who are having the least amount
of trouble with equipment, parts, downtime, etc. are the ones
who selected the best, to their knowledge, available for the
specific tasks. They carry a normal working stock of common
needed parts — they service their own equipment in the off
season and do a thorough job then — they have trained alternate operators just in case of illness or absence from the job
—they have selected the best performing operator for the
special machine or task — they convinced the financial committee to purchase the machines they wanted rather than
being beaten down on a high trade or low purchase figure.
It would be very difficult for you to name just one mechanical product which sells at the lowest price, that has the
longevity, freedom from breakdown, less downtime, and does
the better quality of work. Then why not apply the same common sense to equipment purchases that may have to last for
many years?
Manufacturers of turf equipment have moved from the
process of making just the orders on hand but to large scale
predetermined production. Machines are made many months
before reaching the ultimate owner. This means lead time on
their materials, sales projections, and all that goes with big
business for that is what it is today. They purchase on the
open market such items as engines, transmissions, rear ends,
clutches, steering gears and because of purchase compacts, to
expedite parts service and greater turnover, the parts for
these components must be purchased from the local service

station of the component maker, not from the ultimate maker
who incorporated these into a final machine. His stock is
not always 1 0 0 % and under the new method of doing business the manufacturers fill in his parts needs on either a once
or twice monthly parts shipment. There can be a delay if the
factory backorders a part. We, the dealers, at the tailend of
the distribution line, must go to this supplier (sometimes
called the Central) for these parts and if he is out then we
have no place to turn but just wait, and in turn cause you
to wait.
Trade journals tell the dealer he must turn his parts inventory four times per year to get his cost of materials and
operations back. We have some 16,000 individual parts items
in normal stock. Some sell rather rapidly but the largest portion of the investment sells very rarely but we must stock it,
as on such an item there can be a long wait if it must come
from the Central or the factory. We are still hoping for the
day when we get just three turnovers.
It might be impossible to completely equip & club with one
make of machines. You might get 9 0 % from one dealer or
perhaps two dealers. If such a plan was worked out then
stocking normal replacement parts at the club and the employment of a good mechanic — year round — would reduce
costs and certainly save downtime.
We operate a fleet of 13 vehicles, 9 of these are FORD
products and they are the ones doing the most miles and haul
the biggest loads. We are prepared to give almost instant
service to these, thus our downtime is almost nil. The major
overhaulings etc. are done by the Ford dealer but only after
we get a place on his service schedule. Every vehicle is given
a thorough inspection and all needed service — for the next
year — is done while our operation is in its slack months.
Ford dealers and rental agencies are amazed at our very low
cost per mile. This is due to good drivers and proper maintenance plus starting with top quality products.
We keep one 4-wheel drive Jeep just for snow plowing of
our parking area but you would be surprised to see the extra
miles it accumulates as an emergency delivery or service truck
during the year. It is worth about $100 in trade but you could
not buy it from us for $500 if we could not get another.
We have scores of owners of our products who brag to us
as to their longevity, low upkeep costs, downtime, and howproud they are of their judgment and investment. These men
cannot be wrong as experience has proven them otherwise.
We value their judgment and'many times we'll stake our future
sales to a new customer on what these men will tell the
prospect when we send him to them.
Select the best equipment, in your judgment, pay the legitimate going price rather than trying to sell the junk you have
as part payment, take care of it once you have it, give it to
a good operator, check maintenance upkeep rather than
waiting for it to break down, service it in your own shop,
make it do what it was made to do in a satisfactory manner
or call the dealer and tell him to come and get it.
Last, and not least, clean it in the winter, overhaul and
paint it your chosen colors that blend into the surroundings,
and be as proud of it as if you personally owned it — after
all, you selected it, or did you'(
'"~nexTmeeting
The next meeting of the N.H.G.C.S.A. will be held Tuesday, July
9, at the Maplewood Golf Course in Bethlehem, N. H. Host Superintendent-Owner will be Ray Johnson.
Directors' meeting
10:00 a.m.
Regular meeting
11:00 a . m .
Lunch
12:15 p.m.
Educational program
1:15 p.m.
Let's all try to attend this meeting, as this club is one of the oldest
in New England, is very picturesque, and has one of the few par 6
holes in New England.

O F

M E W

i ^ S L A N D ,

I N C .

"The Golfer's Golf Course"

Somewhere along the long line of progress in the game of
golf there has been acquired a certain type of education by
the golfer, himself. Call it a self-taught subject like "golf
course appreciation." That's fancy enough all right. But even
without a name or title, golfers have found themselves lured
to the study and orderly discussion of the merits of their summer playground.
From an idealistic standpoint the epitome of a golf course
would have to be molded out of the contributions of three
different people — the architect, the superintendent and, alas,
the reason for the project in the first place . . . the golfer.
The only trouble with pinpointing the concern of the golfer
lies in attempting to arrive at a norm as far as meeting his personal requirements. Unfortunately, all golfers are not alike,
both in manner of playing ability and aesthetic values. That latter term often is deceiving. Often, according to the player's
manual, aesthetic leaning is used to camouflage a definite defect
in the product. Then again, it is most difficult to hide your
mistakes on a golf course.
Ill this particular plunge into the field of course design we
shall discount the theories of the architect and superintendent.
These views have been presented elsewhere, the position of
the latter thoroughly defined as a matter of facilitating the
task of his profession. This is a golf course, according to a
golfer.
The immediate problem in designing a layout to meet the
player's specifications is to recognize the variance of playing
ability to be found among members and public swingers.
There are two extremes — the expert and the hacker. In between is the so-called average golfer, a rather vague expression since it encompasses the fringe areas of both extremes.
Fortunately for the designer the demands of the game enhance the overwhelming numbers in the hackers' division.
Appropriately, then, it should be the prime concern of the
course maker to consider the high handicapper, yet still leave
some margin to gain unanimous approval by making allowances to beef up the grounds when the experts start groaning.

Of course, all things are relative because of pending differences in amount of land, contour, etc. It would seem that the
primary objective of the designer would be to concentrate on
making the course interesting for everyone. This I call the
"layout." Even hackers swallow their lofty scores easier when
they have experienced pleasure in simply walking the course.
The factor of keeping interest flowing should compensate for
all and any displeasure a golfer encounters while trying to
realize a perfect blend of accomplishment on the scorecard
and satisfaction from the physical properties of the course
along the way.
The most popular and accepted method of bringing about
a happy medium for the masses is the building of revolving
tees. Many courses have three sets . . . one considered for
championship length, another middle or average driving
grounds and the third for the ever-growing distaff portion of
the customers.
Obviously, such arrangement isn't always possible. Here,
too, the designer would do well to organize his drawing board
back to the top-priority concern . . . that of making the course
interesting for the numbers. Even if it means throwing in
extra length his goal will come closer to fulfillment because
of a little-advertised wild card in his hand, an intangible
known as ego. All golfers are cursed by it, many saturated
with it. Sometimes the most minute moment of glory can be
magnified beyond imagination. The attaining of par on a
testy hole or the clearing of a heretofore unyielding water
hazard. Often such small parts of the whole round result in
hurrahs for the "layout."
Actually, it is not difficult for the architect to achieve success if he only remembers that to appease the golfer's ego is
akin to assuring testimony on behalf of his product. The
summation of the golfer's golf course is simple. It has been
described in letter-perfect tones by the great Bobby Jones: " A
golf course should never become hopeless for the duffer, nor
fail to concern and interest the expert. Once this is realized,
it becomes more delightful the more it is studied and played."
— Gerry Finn

NEXT

MEETING

A return to the great outdoors and the great wars fought there signals the start of
the on-course meetings of the superintendents May 6, 1968 at Thorney Lea. Our
host green thumb will be Joe Rybka who is beginning his third year at Thorney,
where the silica sand comes up to meet you like a white tornado. Joe, a native of
Utica, N. Y., advises everyone to use blue or red golf balls, so immaculate are his
bunkers. The opening member tournament of the year will get off the mark at 1 p. m.
following a meeting and lunch.
Ryblca
Directors' Meeting
Regular Meeting
Buffet
Golf

10:30
11:00
12:15
1:30

a.m.
a. m.
p.m.
p.m.

Directions to Thorney Lea
Route 128 to Route 24 south to Route 27. Go east on 27
to Brockton, at first stop sign go left, then first right (West
Street) and then go right on Torres Street to club.

^Superintendents
M a n and Nature
The delicate balance between man and nature has not yet
been destroyed. But, it is evident that the world we live in
today has become increasingly inhospitable to both our wildlife and our natural resources.
Every new highway, housing project, or other development
which extends the boundaries of suburbia reduces the amount
of open land which supports birds and animals, forests, rivers
and streams — in fact our entire natural environment.
The annual meeting of the North America Wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference, which convenes next week in
Houston, has chosen " T h e World People Want To Live I n "
as its theme. A point which should also be taken into account
is that man himself is endangered by constant, and often illconsidered, tampering with his environment.
A Washington University professor has warned that the
environment is being subjected to stress "to the point of collapse." The planet, he said, is nearing " a crisis which may destroy its suitability as a place for human society."
This is a dire and perhaps overdramatic warning. The message, however, should be clear. If man continues to disrupt
the balance of nature, he may, unwittingly, be sowing the seeds
of his own destruction.
Springfield
Daily News
March 4, 1968
Contemporary Design (Cont'd from page I)
green while an example of the latter is hazards on one side of
the green only but balanced by trees or some other feature.
4. Rhythm is movement and is achieved in many ways.
Norman Mucciaroni's concentric mowing patterns at Woodland are examples of radiation, one form of rhythm, while
contour or sinuous mowing of fairways as contrasted to
straight line mowing is still another example. Also the capes
and bays on traps and ponds exemplify rhythm.
5. Emphasis
is the art principle by which the eye is first
drawn to the most important thing in the arrangement •—
in our case the putting green. This is achieved in several ways
on a golf hole. First by contrasting color and texture of the
putting green turf. Irregularly shaped sand traps also achieve
it. Backdrops of trees or mountains also produce the depth
perception necessary to make the green the central point of
the composition.
The question may well be asked — is the absorbed golfer
aware of art principles as he plays his round? The answer is
" N O . " He is not consciously aware of these principles. But
he senses them subconsciously and indeed if they are missing
in the golf hole he may feel ill at ease. On the other hand
their presence gives him a sense of well being. This is one
reason a golfer can feel better for having played a round despite a poor score.
There are two other points I should emphasize. These are -—
(a) A golf course in an urban area is a fresh air factory
that funnels air into downtown areas thus reducing air pollution and smog.
( b ) If the superintendent is conservation minded the golf
course can be a conservation area for bird life and small
animals. It is significant that a member of the Audubon Society recently addressed the New England superintendents.
In conclusion I would like to say that a vast bank of knowledge has been stored up by golf architects because of the
scores of courses each has designed in the present golf boom
now 15 years old. Nevertheless despite this and the amazing
use of computers in checking plans we still must look to the
old courses of Scotland as our only enduring texts on course
design from point of view of play.

~^i~A5ociation'
"Two For the Price of O n e ? ? ? "

An outdated method of budget-cutting, disproven a thousand times. This should alert those in command of the situation to the speckled reincarnation of employing a pro-superintendent, while forcefully reminding them it shall only bring,
at most, false returns.
The practice can be shot full of so many holes it almost
seems ridiculous to recognize recent recurrences of it. However, the New England Association of Golf Course Superintendents feels obligated to take a definite stand against such
a fallacy. In turn, it is hoped that the Professional Golfers
Association follows suit in voicing opposition from its rostrum.
The idea of doubling up on jobs constitutes a return to the
game's dark ages. Accordingly, it should be outlawed, if that
be possible, so that the gains of both professions made over
a long haul for recognition will not fall victim to this flagrant
attempt to deceive members of private clubs and those who
unload their swings on public courses.
We are concerned with the superintendent's plight, although still aware of the fact that the golf pro possesses similar
thoughts on the ludicrousness of combining the two jobs.
Each is unto itself. It is bordering on the impossible to
visualize that any one man could accomplish both tasks to
the satisfaction of his employers. For one, the superintendent
not only works on the course, he lives there. It is his summer
home, so to speak. As far as he is concerned, for practical
purposes the pro shop is another world.
The concept of meshing the two jobs leans more to absurdity in the growing tendency of the superintendent's assignment
toward a scientific dispatch of his numerous duties. It takes
a complete working day for the superintendent of an 18-hole
course to set up his schedule, make certain adjustments in
personnel and then personally supervise the orders of that day.
Finally, it is glaringly obvious that a golf professional
hardly qualifies to take charge of the most important job at
a club, that of conditioning the course to the specific requests
of the greens chairman and members. Changes in methods
and products would soon see the golf pro' drowning in understandable ignorance. Likewise, it would be asking somewhat
of the course superintendent to dash up to the pro shop to
give a lesson in chipping or set up the starting times for an
upcoming tournament.
The truth is evident. The move, however small in the direction of combining the jobs, is a selfish way of shortchanging the member and player. There can be no such thing as
"two for the price of one" as far as these two separate positions are concerned. Club presidents and course owners would
do well to recognize this accepted fact.
— Gerry Finn
HARMONY
WITH
LAND
We shall never achieve harmony with land, any more than
we shall achieve justice or liberty for people. In these
higher
aspirations
the important thing is not to achieve, but to strive.
It is only in mechanical
enterprises
that we can expect
that
early or complete fruition of effort which we call
"success."
The problem, then, is how to bring about a striving for harmony with land among a people many of whom have
forgotten
there is any such thing as land, among whom education
and
culture have become
almost synonymous
with
landlessness.
This is the problem of "conservation,
education."
A l d o Leopold

O F

N E W

E N G L A N D ,

I N C

Construction — Superintendents' Viewpoint
Robert E . Grant — Superintendent Brae Burn Country Club
According to the National Golf Foundation, over 400 golf
courses are under construction in the United States today.
In addition many of the older established clubs are enlarging their playing facilities or are engaged in major reconstruction.
Obviously the superintendent who has the opportunity of
participating in the construction of a new course which he
will eventually maintain or in the reconstruction of his own
course will have a head start toward giving his members the
proper playing conditions.
Unfortunately for all concerned this opportunity is often
denied the superintendent as he is appointed after construction is well advanced.
In order to build an outstanding golf course four steps
must be taken and the superintendent should be involved in
each phase. The steps are design, specifications, construction
and maintenance.
Although the design phase is the duty of the architect the
superintendent should have the opportunity to go over the
plans to be sure the golf course can be maintained at the
highest degree of perfection in a practical manner.
Many turf problems are traced to the original specifications
so step number two is as important as step number one. The
specifications must contain all details of proper soil preparation, drainage and soil modification. The quality and quantity
of seed, lime, fertilizer and directions as to how and when
each is to be used. Complete specifications for the proper
construction of the greens, tees, fairways, bunkers, water
system, ponds, pump house, service roads, or any other construction that is included in the project is a must. Architects each year are involved in the building of many golf
courses, therefore the specifications are usually right but
the superintendent should use his maintenance experience as
a guide line and make suggestions as he may see fit.
At times there is a tendency to cut costs during construction.
This is the cause of dissatisfaction and irritation when the
new course does not measure up to expectations.
There is another area that is sometimes responsible for
the failure to achieve the desired results. Making major
changes in design after construction has started are expensive
plus the fact seeding, water system installation, and completion dates are disrupted. If design and specifications are carefully studied, this unnecessary expense can be eliminated.

A

g o f i / S T F i v t f T i

OKT

" r ^ R d - B L & M

5

West Newton, Massachusetts

Once the design and specifications have been agreed on by
all involved the superintendent takes over. It will be up to
him to supervise every single phase of the project. He will
confer with the architect periodically on work that has been
completed and to plan work to be done until the architect
again visits the site. If unforseen problems do arise they
must be worked out by the superintendent to the satisfaction
of all parties involved. We should recognize the fact that
there will be only one person who will be on the site every
working day from the start of the project until it is completed and that is the construction superintendent.
Many people feel that when the last acre is seeded the
construction is over and the course is ready for the full membership to start play under ideal conditions. In most cases
it takes from one to three years to develop desirable turf and
playing conditions. Greens will require many top dressings,
stone removal, soil erosion, final shaping of traps, pruning
of trees are just some of the many problems. Funds should
be allotted to carry out this work in the shortest time possible.
Only dedicated maintenance can develop a course to its full
potential.
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
There are several methods by which a course can be built
or rebuilt after the architects' plans and specifications have
been prepared and accepted. The five most commonly used in
doing the actual work are:
No. 1 — A lump sum contract selected through competitive bidding. The contractor should be required to hire an
experienced construction superintendent or the club may have
its own superintendent serve as clerk of works.
No. 2 — The golf course architect contracts to do the work
himself. Again it is advisable to have the club superintendent
on the job.
No. 3 — The club's own superintendent builds the course
hiring equipment and labor directly on the club payroll. He
also purchases all materials directly from the suppliers.
No. 4 — The club hires a construction superintendent who
builds the course in the same manner as the course superintendent in No. 3.
No. 5 — Instead of letting out a complete contract the work
is let out in single phases. The first contract is for clearing,
the second for earth moving, the third for irrigation and so
on. The club superintendent is the ideal person to coordinate
the project under this set-up.
The construction method chosen by the owner or club will
depend on the individuals concerned and other circumstances
at the time. With an inspired design, sound
specifications, methodical construction plus
dedicated maintenance any of the five construction methods can be used
with satisfying results.

NMEMPiecue
A. C. Lawn, Inc.
P. 0 . Box 436
Wakefield, Mass.
Alfco Rokeby Co., Inc.
Fertilizers and Chemical Specialties
P. 0 . Box 267
Marietta, Ohio
Dr. Burton R. Anderson
Golf Course Architect
Turf and Golf Course Consultant
Route 5
Augusta, Maine
Astroturf Recreational Surfaces
Monsanto Company
R. Spencer Thompson
P. 0 . Box 2130
Springfield,, Massachusetts

FRIENDS OF THE ASSOCIATION
George E. Cull
Terra-Green Soil Conditioner
Oil-Dri Corp. of America
112 Green Street
Abington, Mass.
C. S. Curran
T. R. C. Products, Oils and Greases
Finest Lubricants for Golf Course
Equipment
7 Linden Street
Framingham, Mass.
Gaffny Enterprises, Inc.
Irrigation Specialists
North Main Street
Middleton, Massachusetts
Grounds Equipment Co., Inc.
383 Boylston Street
Newton Centre, Massachusetts
Tom Irwin Co.
Bennett Hill Road
Rowley, Massachusetts

Baker Tractor Corp.
Ford Tractors
Harley Davidson Golf Cars
Swansea, Mass.
Philp C. Beal Associates, Inc.
Consulting Engineers
Irrigation and Recreational Facilities
P. O. Box 102
Hanover, Mass.

Johns-Manville Sales Corp.
150 Causeway Street
Boston, Massachusetts
Karandrew Turf Farms, Inc.
Sam Mitchell, Sales Representative
18 Old Randolph Street
Canton, Massachusetts

Gene Fitzpatrick
Certified Laboratories
12 Paradise Road
Ipswich, Mass.

The Kenneth Barrie Company
375 Centre Street
Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts

The Charles C. Hart Seed Co.
Wethersfield, Connecticut

Kerr McGee Chemical Corporation
P. O. Box 790
Waterbury, Connecticut

The Clapper Co.
1121 Washington Street
West Newton, Massachusetts

Larchmont Irrigation Co.
Larchmont Lane
Lexington, Massachusetts
Bob Lippman
Tuco Products Company
Division of the Upjohn Company
Kalamazoo, Michigan

Geoffrey S. Cornish
Golf Course Architect
Fiddler's Green
Amherst, Massachusetts
Fuel Activator Chemical Corp.
C. F. Barbour — Regional Director
43000 Prudential Tower
Boston, Massachusetts

J . F . Aveni
LuSoil Soil Conditioner
Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corp.
25 Concord Avenue
Belmont, Massachusetts

Magovern Company, Inc.
Lawn Acre Road
Windsor Lock, Connecticut
D. L. Maher Co.
Water Supply Contractors
Testwells —• Gravel packed wells
Byron Jackson Pumps
P. O. Box 274
Woburn, Massachusetts
Melanson of Georgetown
Modern Steam and Pressure Cleaners
Modern Industrial Cleaning Chemicals
Georgetown, Massachusetts
Ken Minasian
Scotts
6 Amelia Court
N. Providence, R. I.
Richey & Clapper, Inc.
28 Rutledge Road
Natick, Massachusetts
Sawtelle Brothers
Jet. Routes 128 and 62
Danvers, Massachusetts
Shepard Sod Company
Merion Blue Grass and Pencross Bent
200 Sullivan Avenue
South Windsor, Conn.
John P. Simon, Asst. Mgr.
Corenco Corporation
Springfield Rendering Company
P. O. Box 379
Springfield, Massachusetts 01101
Philip A. Wogan
Golf Course Architect
21 Budleigh Avenue
Beverly, Massachusetts
Wyandotte Chemical Co.
709 Salada Building
Boston, Massachusetts
Yerxa's, Inc.
Golf Course Equipment
740 Broadway
South Portland, Maine

FIRST C L A S S

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L E O N V. ST. P I E R R E
Business M a n a g e r
DEAN ROBERTSON
Newsletter C o m m i t t e e C h a i r m a n
24 Riverview Drive
Newbury, Massachusetts 01950
Phone 4 6 2 - 4 5 4 0
C l u b Affiliation
Chestnut Hill Country C l u b

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