Ul^rrg

(£tyxwtm<x&
®n

DECEMBER
11*34

All

This N E W S L E T T E R is published
monthly by the Greenkeepers Club of
New England, and sent f r e e to its members and their Greens' Chairmen. Subscription price ten cents a copy, or a
dollar a year.
GUY C. W E S T

Editor

312 Mt. P l e a s a n t St., F a l l R i v e r , M a s s .

HOWARD D. F A R R A N T Business Mgr.
132 R u s s e t t Rd., W e s t R o x b u r y , M a s s .

December, 1934
A Very
You!

Merry

Vol. 6, No. 12
Christmas

to

All

of

We wish at this time to extend our
thanks to any and all of our friends who
have contributed in any way to the
N E W S L E T T E R this past year.
Our
paper is largely due to the efforts of
m a n y people, all interested in the game
of Golf, either as greenkeepers, experiment men, advertisers, or others. In
the make up of the last twelve issues,
many have helped; to each and every
one we express our appreciation, and
the wish that they will continue with
their interest and help.
To our members we wish a t this time
to express the wish that each one will
make a real effort to be present a t the
annual meeting. At this meeting much
of interest to every member will be reported by the various officers and committees. The affairs of the past year
and plans f o r the coming season will be
discussed. There will be an interesting
speaker. Come and enjoy yourself!
The Business Manager reports
s p a c e is r a p i d l y b e i n g s o l d f o r t h e

NEWSLETTER.
has not contracted
so at once.

Any

that
1935

advertiser

for space should

who
do

We will be interested in receivingarticles f r o m any of our members and
others who may care to contribute, and
thus lessen the load of your Editor.
The great interest shown in t h e various plans f o r John Shanahan Memorials,
not only by our own members, b u t also

by so many others outside the club, is
a g r e a t indication of the g r e a t esteem
in which John was held.

The Recreation Conference for 1935
at the Mass. S t a t e C o l l e g e will b e held
on March 15-16-17. B i g g e r and better
than ever; govern your plans accordingly!

Elected to membership at the December meeting were Philip Porter of East
Northfield, Joseph Conway of Agawam
Hunt, and Nicholas Bruno of Norfolk,
the latter two as Associate Members.
There is probably a prospective member
near you, point out to him the advantages of joining your club.

Recommendations f o r lawns hard hit
by the heat and drought during the past
season, as given by B. J. Firkins of the
Iowa State College f o r Iowa conditions
this Fall, were f o r unshaded conditions,
a seed mixture of 2 parts Kentucky
bluegrass, 1 part redtop, and 1 part
Dutch white clover; on shaded areas,
largely the same mixture, with poa
trivialis replacing the Dutch white
clover.

We have recently learned that Mrs.
E. E. Pattison, whom most of our readers remember as the Director of the
International Seed Service, is now located in Moscow, where she represents
many American firms in Russia.

We understand t h a t the New England
Toro Co. are sending out a very fine
calendar f o r 1935, and that anyone not
getting theirs by Xmas may have one by
writing in f o r it.

An interesting suggestion f o r next
Spring is a proposed trip to Milforcl.
Conn, to examine the grass plots witli
experiments being conducted by the
F. H. Woodruff & Sons. A joint meetwith the Conn. Assoc. might be arranged there. What is your reaction?

DECEMBER

MEETING

The December meeting was held at
the Hotel Statler, Boston, on December
3rd. The speaker was Prof. H. F. A.
North of the Rhode Island State College. Prof. North spoke on "Destructive
Insects on the Golf Course, Their Habits
and Control".
The speaker pointed out t h a t they
had been forced to make a study of the
web worm, because their plots had been
so severely infested.
Earthworms are worse in Spring and
Fall, more serious in soils neutral or
nearly so, worse in soils well supplied
with organic m a t t e r . The use of Sulphate of ammonia tends to control them,
and there is also a difference in the kind
of grass. There may even be too many
earthworms in fairways. An experiment
conducted at Misquamicut had good control with five pounds of arsenate of
lead to a thousand square feet of area.
Seven and one half and ten pounds to
same area also gave good control.
Ants are the hardest pests to control.
May be killed by gas, contact poisons, or
stomach poisons. Antube gave the best
results this past season.
Cut worms are sometimes serious, one
bad attack came in August, 1933. May
be controlled by picking up at night
with aid of flashlight, by flooding with
hose, or by poison baits. Best control is
one used for web worm control, three
pounds of arsenate of lead scattered
over a thousand sq. f t .
The web worm is a comparatively new
problem. There are about twenty species
of Crambus, the so-called Bluegrass web
worm, C. teterellus being the one causeing.the damage here. The egg is small,
laid at nite by moth in flight, hatches
in a few days, (in cool weather maybe
40).' Larvae spin web as soon as
hatched; when they get to base of
grass, they begin to build radial tunnels,
lined and covered. Larvae cut off bases
of leaves, may not eat all of leaf, as tunpel is built beneath cut off grass. Damage is more noticeable in velvet bents,
making a moth-eaten appearance. In
larva stage f r o m 30 to 50 days, the pupa
rtage is about one half inch in the soil;
in soil 10-14 days, then come out as
mcth. The pupa case is amber color
marked with red lines, and is very small.
M'oths are gray, a quarter to threeeighths inch long; during the day hide
with head lower than tail. Female
moths begin flight early in the evening,

males later, mate around midnight,
some 250 eggs dropped as they fly.
Cycle is then eggs hatch in 5-10 days;
larva, 45-50 days; pupa, 5-6 days;
moth, 7-10 days. F i r s t moth noted a t
Kingston was on June 1st. Web worm
winters as larva.
Best treatment is 2 pounds of arsenate1 of lead in 10 gals, of water sprayed
on with pressure enough to get to base
of plant where larva feed, this to
cover 1000 sq. f t . A t r e a t m e n t around
May 15th might get control of first
brood.
At the business meeting held following the discussion the Nominating Committee reported the following as their
selections for officers and committees
f o r 1935:
The officers nominated f o r 193" are
as follows:
President
1st Vice Pres.
2nd "Vice Pres
3rd Vice Pres
Secretary
Treasurer
Trustee 3 yrs

.

. Guy C. West
Howard D. F a r r a n t
Ted Swanson
J. C. Sullivan
Charles W. P a r k e r
F r a n k H. Wilson
Carlton Treat

Entertainment

Committee

Homer C. Darling
Alex Ohlson
John Latvis
Tom Galvin
Paul Wamberg
Auditing

E. Hanson

Committee

Wm. McBride
Golf

Committee

Arthur Anderson, Chairman
Paul Hayden
Joseph Oldfield
Emil Masciocchi
Ted Swanson

Plans are well underway f o r the annual Recreation Conference and Exhibition at the Massachusetts State College,
to be held this coming year on March 15,
16 and 17th. Dig out your engagement
pads now, and set these dates aside f o r
the best show this season within hundreds of miles. F u r t h e r plans and programs will be given in later issues of
the N E W S L E T T E R .

GRASS

SEED

NOTES

In looking- over various issues of
SEED WORLD recently, we noticed
several items of interest:
A

Report

on

Seed

for Golf

The crop of Kentucket bluegrass seed
is about one-fourth t h a t of last year,
due chiefly to the drouth, with freezes,
a cold spring- and insects as contributing- factors. This crop was virtually a
complete failure in Nebraska, Iowa and
Kansas.

Courses

New York, N. Y., Sept. 20 — Golf
course seed market right now and f o r
later fall delivery is so much higher
t h a n the average buyer realizes t h a t it
cannot be expressed easily in words. A
hand to mouth local policy is advocated
by those who hold the strings to the
purse. Consequently where 2,000 pounds
of bent were purchased a year ago, 200
pound suffices and instead of Chewings
fescue 10,000 pounds, 1,000 pounds
looks like a whole lot.
Cablegrams come to our office about
crop failures in France, Germany, Hung a r y and portions of Poland.
Cables
come in f r o m New Zealand requesting
us to resell our purchases and holdings
of Chewings fescue. This one m a r k e t
which opened at about 8 0 / — s o m e time
ag-o, which roughly is 20c a pound, is
between 1 4 0 / — and 1 6 0 / — today f o r
import, which means between 50c to 60c
per pound f o r first class or good grade
Chewings. This automatically means a
70c Chewings fescue market at the golf
courses, whereas in the past they have
been paying around 30c only.
I look f o r a healthy demand on a
small scale at high prices f o r fall seeding' and also f o r early spring season.
$1.00 and $1.50 bent grasses are stylish
again and I don't mean maybe. Personally I hate to see these high prices,
as they r e t a r d business. But with our
own Minnesota and Iowa timothy and
hay crops nearly a double failure and
drouth conditions, whac else could be
expected? There can be no price relief
until June or July, 1935, when new
crops will s t a r t to trickle in.
Even outside matters, like yarrow, f o r
which we used to pay $1 a pound wholesale, costs us $2 a pound today. The
quicker golf courses purchase their immediate requirements, the less they will
have to spend, because the peak of grass
seed prices has not been reached yet.
The relief will only come a f t e r next
summer, provided there is not another
drouth.—Fred S. Radway, Radway-McCullough Seeds, Inc.

In the Maritime provinces about
1,700 pounds of New Brunswick creeping bent, one of the most satisfactory
grasses f o r putting greens, will be available this year. The production of Prince
Edward Island bent, or brown top, will
be less than normal.

Washington, D. C., Sept. 15.—Ninety
to ninety-five per cent of the Kentucky
blue grass seed crop had been sold by
growers up to September 3. The rate
(speed) of movement has been fully
normal, if not somewhat faster.
In Kentucky mostly 75c a bushel f o r
rough, cured seed and in Missouri $1.25
to $1.50 were being offered to growers
on September 3. These prices averaged
5c a bushel higher than on August 7,
but were the same as were being- offered
during the last week of August.
The quality of the rough, cured seed
(as distinct f r o m recleaned seed) was
again reported to be fair in Missouri
and poor in Kentucky.—U. S. Bureau of
Agricultural Economics.
Reports on redtop, meadow fescue
and orchard grass indicate small seed
crops. Those who conserve every bit of
roughage in 1934 may find it welcome
in 1935, with low supplies of hay, and
seed f o r hay crops, a certainty next
year.
At a recent meeting of the Rotary
Club at Wellington, New Zealand, J. T.
Martin, director of Wrig-ht Stephenson
& Co., Ltd., of t h a t city, gave a most interesting address, entitled "Our Greatest Asset—Grass."
He brought out the f a c t that the climate of New Zealand makes it a most
ideal country in which to grow grass
seeds and t h a t today it is exporting seed
of certified cocksfoot, white clover,
crested dog-stail, ryegrass, brown top
and chewings fescue to Europe, Great
Britain, United States, Canada, and Australia.

"In five years we have exported 13,814 tons of grass seed, valued at £922.408 and this year we hope to exceed all
previous records, due to the f a c t t h a t
dry conditions in the northern hemisphere have brought about a heavy demand f o r all of our seeds," said Mr.
Martin.
Confusion has existed in the labeling
of ryegrass seed, particularly domestic
or western grown. The following designations have been established by the
California Department of Agriculture
applicable to all ryegrass seed offered
f o r sale in California;
Lolium multiflorum—Italian ryegrass.
If local grown, shall be labeled "Italian
ryegrass Western grown" or "Italian
ryegrass Domestic." If imported, shall
be labeled "Italian ryegrass imported."
In no case can Lolium multiflorum—
Italian ryegrass—be labeled "Pacey's
ryegrass."
Lolium perenne—Perennial ryegrass.
If local grown, shall be labeled "Perennial ryegrass Western grown" or Perennial ryegrass domestic." If imported,
shall be labeled "Perennial ryegrass imported," or "Pacey's perennial ryegrass
imported," or "English ryegrass imported, or "Australian ryegrass imported."—W. L. Goss, Seed Supervisor,
Bureau of Field Crops, Dept. of Agriculture, Sacramento, Calif.
S e e d C o n d i t i o n s In

Germany

Asehaffenburg, Germany, Oct. 15.—
Seed crops in Germany are considerably
smaller than they have been any time
during the past 25 years. The carryover was also very light.
Even the
lowest price level f o r grass seed this
year is considerably higher than last
year.
Lawns and pastures have suffered
severely f r o m lack of moisture during
the past growing season. However, in
most sections the last few weeks the
weather has been ideal. This has caused
additional fall sowing, which has increased seed orders. This, of course,
caused a f u r t h e r reduction of our already light seed stocks.
There will be an acute shortage of
seeds of all grasses sown here in Germany, such as creeping bent grass,
creeping red fescue, and German rye
grass, also seed crops of yellow oat
grass, t u f t e d hair grass, sheeps fescue,
fine leaved fescue, various leaved fes-

cues and wood meadow grass are very
scarce. Sweet scented vernal grass is
simply not obtainable.—Gustav Schott.
While most people think of bluegrass
as the m a j o r component of all lawns and
pastures, the annual production and
consumption of redtop seed in the
United States has been nearly equal to
t h a t of the famed Kentucky product.
Furthermore, practically 85 per cent
of the world's supply of redtop seed and
95 per cent of the total redtop seed in
this country is produced in a dozen
counties in southern Illinois.
LIMING

LAWN

SOILS

Howard B. Sprague, Agronomist
N. J. Agricultural Experiment Station
The principal reason for applying
lime to lawn soils is to correct excessive
acidity. In addition, lime improves
the structure of the soil, increases its
ability to absorb moisture, and provides
available calcium and magnesium which
are needed in small amounts as plant
foods. Mildly acid and neutral soils are
f a r more capable of supplying turf
grasses with the necessary requirements
for healthy growth than strongly acid
soils.
The proper use of lime is an important factor in control of lawn weeds.
In recent years, a theory of weed control based on the development of
strong acidity in soils, has attracted
considerable attention. Actual experimentation has shown the theory to be
poorly founded in fact. Although t h e
bent grasses and fescues are more tolerant of strong soil acidity t h a n such
grasses as Kentucky blue grass, even the
acid tolerant species make
a
far
sturdier growth "8n mildly acid or neut r a l soils. Moreover, many of the most
pernicious weeds, such as crab grass,
chickweed, and red sorrel, are fully as
tolerant of soil acidity as the bent
grasses. If the turf is infested with
acid tolerant weeds, little or no i n j u r y
to these pests can result f r o m producing strong acidity.
The use of lime, fertilizer, and organic matter, to render the soil well
suited for the growth of desirable turf
grasses, and the choice of grasses
adapted to conditions at hand, will aid
greatly in eliminating weeds. When
given an opportunity f o r
vigorous

1

145 lbs.

135 lbs.

100 lbs.

80 lbs.

None

115 lbs.

105 lbs.

85 lbs.

65 lbs.

None

=H QJ

None
pH 6.0

None

35 lbs.
pH 5.5

45 lbs.

45 lbs.
pH 5.0

60 lbs.

55 lbs.
pH 4.5

75 lbs.

60 lbs.

80 lbs.

a"S

pH 4.0

pH Values

S n

3V
Ot,

On
Medium Sandy
Loam Soils

Oo
o

-0
•D
3s C
0 a
to'

On
Light Sandy
Soils

®

+2
cu
03 ^
u OS
^
Km

Expressed in

T3
0) 0)
S- O
'5 05
O* fn
0) 3
'"in
CC=0H
a
I OJ
a)

On
Loam and Silt
Loam Soils

On
Clay Loam
Soils

ground limestone. Applied in equivalent
amounts as top dressings on established
lawns, the two forms of lime are
equally effective. Hydrated lime is
somewhat more rapid in its action t h a n
ground limestone, if the materials are
incorporated with the soil. Wherever
possible, lime should be thoroughly
mixed with the soil layers to be occupied by grass roots. Uniform distribution of the material is important, since
lime will move downwards in t h e soil,
but not laterally.
The approximate amount of lime required per 1,000 square f e e t of surface
to correct excessive acidity on lawn
soils of different textures is given below.

Soil Acidity

growth, turf grasses offer severe competition with weeds, f o r space, moisture,
and nutrients.
Practically all soils in this region, are
naturally acid; in certain soils, acidity
is extremely high. Moreover, the consistent use of sulfate of ammonia, ammonium phosphate, urea, and of complete fertilizers containing these substances, increases soil acidity. The
liberal application of sulphate of ammonia f o r one or two years will increase
the acidity sufficiently on many soils to
seriously i n j u r e the turf grasses, unless corrected with lime. Ammonium
phosphate and urea produce acidity less
rapidly t h a n sulfate of ammonia _ but
their continued use without the addition
of lime eventually renders the soil too
acid f o r satisfactory growth of turf
grasses.
Soil reaction is conveniently measured
in terms of a standard unit known as
the pH. A soil which has a pH. of 7.0
is neutral. Values lower than 7.0 indicate acidity; the lower the value, the
greater the acidity. Values above 7.0
indicate alkalinity; the higher the value,
the greater the alkalinity. I n general,
soil reactions in this region vary f r o m
pH. 4.0 to approximatey 6.5, depending
on the soil type and the past treatment.
pH. values below 5.5 usually are unfavorable f o r the t h r i f t y growth of
bent grasses and fescues, whereas
values below 6.0 generally are unsuited
f o r Kentucky blue grass and clover.
The most practical methid of reducing
soil acidity is by the addition of lime.
If the fertilizer used tends to develop
acidity, lime should be applied periodically to prevent the reaction falling below the critical point f o r growth of
turf grasses. The quantity of lime required will depend on the degree of
acidity present and the form of lime.
The greater the acidity, the larger will
be the amount of lime required t o produce a favorable reaction.
The principal forms of lime ordinarily available f o r use on t u r f e d areas
limestone
a r e ' h y d r a t e d lime and ground
or ground oystershells.
The value _ of
lime depends on its content of "lime
oxides", t h a t is, the percentage of the
total weight due to oxides of calcium
and magnesium. Hydrated lime of desirable quality contains 70 to 75 per
cent of lime oxides, whereas ground
limestones or oystershells should carry
f r o m 48 to 55 per cent.
In general, 1 pound of hydrated lime
is equal in value to IV2 pounds of

O J3
s
0 e+-i
oiJ
£ g
C
>D
O
•fl
03

We are pleased to announce that
M R .

W I L L I A M

A .

N Y E

who, for the past several years, has been Assistant to
Professor Lawrence S. Dickinson of the Department
of Agronomy, Massachusetts State College, is now
affiliated with us and will continue our experimental
work on our Proving Grounds for Turf Grasses here
at Milford.
Mr. Nye will also call on you from time to time and
we hope that, through him, we can be of f u r t h e r service to you.

F. H. WOODRUFF & SONS
Milford, Connecticut

Grass Seed Division

T i k e

I d e a l

M e al M o w e r
i l l Cypress Si Test

e i" v i c e

M .ower

Sales

ana.

'ervice

LIME

ACID
OR

LAWNS

EARLY

IN

WINTER

SPRING

Howard B. Sprague, Agronomist
N. J. Agricultural Experiment

hydrated lime per 1,000 square feet of
surface, or one and one-half times as
much finely ground limestones, uniformly distributed, is adequate f o r
lawns in this region.

Station

Many lawns in this region have become too strongly acid f o r t h r i f t y
growth of desirable turf grasses. In
such instances lime should be applied
promptly in winter or early spring to
counteract excessive acidity. The successive freezing and
thawing
experienced at these seasons will aid in
penetration of the material into the
soil.
Recent experiments have shown t h a t
strongly acid soils are unfavorable f o r
growth of turf plants in several ways.
Such soils may become so impervious
t h a t normal rains and watering fail to
moisten more than the upper inch or
two of the sod. In actual field tests on
established turf a t the New Jersey
Agricultural Experiment Station, water
was found to enter neutral or mildly
acid soils six to eight times as rapidly
as on strongly acid soils. With moisture
additions limited to the upper layers of
earth, the turf soon exhausts the supply available, and suffers drought injury in hot dry periods.
Lawn fertilizers containing a substantial portion of the nitrogen in the
form of ammonia compounds should be
used with some caution on strongly acid
soils, particularly if the turf contains
blueg'rass. Although such materials are
excellent fertilizers on mildly acid or
neutral soils, the ammonia compounds
a r e actually toxic to grasses when applied liberally on soils possessing strong
acidity. The correction of excessive
acidity by the addition of lime before
growth begins in spring will permit
satisfactory use of the less expensive
commercial lawn fertilizers during the
growing season.
The quantity of lime necessary f o r
correction of excessive acidity varies
with the type of grasses present, the
degree of soil acidity, soil texture and
organic matter content. Lime should be
applied only as required to correct
acidity. In general, 25 to 75 pounds of

WINTER
ARE

COVERS

FOR

LAWNS

UNNECESSARY

Howard B. Sprague, Agronomist
N. J. Agricultural Experiment

Station

There is no need f o r applying covers
of manure, leaf mold, humus, and similar materials to the lawn in fall or
winter, as a protection against severe
freezing weather. Healthy lawns will
experience no winter i n j u r y even though
left fully exposed. The application of
mulches may actually i n j u r e the grass
by giving protection to h a r m f u l insects,
or as a result of exclusion of air f r o m
the sod. Furthermore, winter covers applied at this time of the year are not
only frequently unsightly, but certain
of the materials contain considerable
amounts of weed seed.
The most effective treatment f o r prevention of winter i n j u r y to turf is the
timely application of commercial fertilizer and lime. In general, lawns should
receive 10 to 20 lbs. per 1,000 sq. f t of
a complete fertilizer analyzing approximately 5 per cent nitrogen, 10 per
cent phosphoric acid, and 5 per cent
potash, (or an equivalent amount of
plant food), in early autumn. Lime
should also be added to correct excessive soil acidity. Turf which has
been adequately limed and fertilized
will endure the coldest winter weather
without injury.
Although many lawn soils in this region are deficient in organic matter, the
application of organic mulches to the
surface of the lawn will not correct this
defect. Organic materials of all types
will improve soil structure, only when
thoroughly mixed with the soil. Such
incorporation is best accomplished at the
time of seed bed preparation. On established lawns, organic matter may be
incorporated with the soil to a limited

MA - CHES - OK
Leaf

Mold

and

Leaf

Mold

Peat

M a y all joys c o m b i n e to

For use on
Putting Greens, Lawns, Flower
Gardens and Potted Plants

you a

N. J. Exp. Sta. found 91.73% organic matter and water holding capacity of 242.1%,
R . I. D e p t . o f A g r i . f o u n d

94.6%

Mass. D e p t . of Agri. f o u n d

happy

CHRISTMAS
and

organic matter.
1.03%

Dr. Howard Sprague s a y s : " M a t e r i -

YEAR

of t h e b r i g h t e s t

al is carefully sieved and is f r e e f r o m
objectionable roots and dead branches
and no toxicity."

DAY

a

NEW

Nitrogen.

give

prospects.

Per ton—-$25 ? ** ' % ton—$15
% ton—$8
100 lb.—$1.75
May

be

p u r c h a s e d on B u d g e t
if desired.

Christmas

and

Plan

New

Hovey & Company

Year

150 Milk Street

Greetings
M .

F .

HAN.

S M I T H

Concord, Mass.

P. O. B o x

F . O. B, F a c t o r y
3 Gang w i t h F r a m e
5 Gang w i t h F r a m e
7 Gang w i t h Frame
30" U n i t only

(imriutys

1454

to

J\ll

Blackhawk
UNITS

Prices

$300.00
$500.00
$700.00
$ 90.00

Simplicity, s t r e n g t h a n d long w e a r
a r e c o m b i n e d in t h e n e w l i g h t d r a f t ,
smooth cutting Townsends.
Oil t i g h t G e a r H o u s i n g s .
Unbreakable Gears.
8" Dia. R e e l w i t h 1 % " w i d e B l a d e s .
T h e T o w n s e n d is a Worker, it h a s
e v e r y t h i n g a good f a i r w a y m o w e r
needs. I t c o s t s less to b u y and to use
as it h a s no f r i l l s or g a d g e t s in i t s
m a k e up.

GOLF

TRACTORS

F. O. B . B o s t o n
Blackhawk
Fairway

Master

with Dump

Chief

with

Prices

Body

900-15

P a r k C h i e f — 7 5 " W r e e ! Base

Court,

Sornervillc,

$768.00
$800.00

900-15 A i r W h e e l s
95% of t h e B l a c k h a w k T r a c t o r c o n sists of t h e n e w F o r d V8 c h a s s i s a n d
engine. W e g u a r a n t e e t h e e n g i n e a n d
chassis
Dealer.

through

Your

Local

Ford

T h e r e d u c t i o n u n i t is t h e s t r o n g e s t
used in a n y golf t r a c t o r a n d is
guaranteed

for

three

years.

The
Speedy,
Powerful,
spring
m o u n t e d B l a c k h a w k will s a v e y o u
money. W r i t e f o r d e t a i l s .

Power Lawn Mower Service Co.
Tcnn«y

$755.00

Airwheels a n d D u m p Body

Distributors:

IS

Mail.

174

(Ehc R e a s o n ' s
Townsend
HEAVY DUTY FAIRWAY

Boston,

Mass.

Somerset

0504-W

extent by discing- or spiking the turf bef o r e and a f t e r applying the mulch,
followed by brushing- or d r a g g i n g to
work the m a t e r i a l into the openings.

Inasmuch as the Toro M a n u f a c t u r i n g
Company is one of the largest manuf a c t u r e r s of golf course equipment, we
believe t h a t t h e following statement,
recently issued by t h a t company, will
be of interest.
The Toro M a n u f a c t u r i n g Company
was originally f o u n d e d in 1914 to build
motors f o r one of the prominent t r a c t o r
concerns of t h a t day. It is a corporation organized under the laws of Delaw a r e and is owned by 356 stockholders.
A m a j o r i t y of the f a c t o r y employees
and the field organization, including all
t h e active executives, are stockholders.
The main plant is located at 3020
to 3060 Snelling Avenue, Minneapolis,
Minnesota, with switch t r a c k facilities
on the main line of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railroad.
Distributing
stations,
all
privately
owned,
are
located in
twenty-five
American Cities, in addition to a n u m b e r
of f o r e i g n countries, including J a p a n ,
Phillipine Islands,
Hawaii,
Panama,
A r g e n t i n a and South A f r i c a .
. The Company builds grass cutting
machinery, making over t w e n t y different
items including tractors, g a n g mowers,
power mowers, dump wagons, rollers,
highway sickle mowers and single cylinder, air cooled motors.
Production and all m a t t e r s pertaining
thereto are under the direction of the
President assisted by the Chief Engineer. It is his duty to develop suitable
machines, p e r f e c t t h e m and supervise
the operation of t h e f a c t o r y .
Finances, collections and disbursements, are under the control of the
Secretary-Treasurer, whose duty it is to
see t h a t the affairs of the Company are
kept in a liquid condition. The Company
carries all of its own accounts and notes
and does not deal t h r o u g h finance companies.
Sales and advertising are handled by
the Sales Manager who p r e p a r e s the
catalogs, direct by mail literature, publication and other f o r m s of publicity.
The Company has pioneered t h e de-

velopment of a n u m b e r of worthwhile
inventions which have greatly improved
t h e efficiency of all types of mowing
machinery.
The objective of the Company is to
produce high quality machinery and to
do business on a sound and conservative basis.
A D V A N T A G E S TO G R E E N K E E P E R S
FROM F A I R W A Y
WATERING

If economical, complete irrigation had
no benefits other t h a n to the players,
proper irrigation would be entirely
justifiable at any reasonable cost. However, there are many authorities who
maintain t h a t f a i r w a y irrigation is of
such g r e a t and lasting benefit to the
Green Department, and so effective in
regulating the costs of maintenance,
t h a t irrigation is justifiable on these
grounds alone.
First—fairway
irrigation, t o g e t h e r
with tee, green and lawn irrigation,
makes the t u r f i n g operations independent of lack of rain. Operations can
proceed on schedule, with regular even
staffs. No rushing. If r a i n fails, • artificial irrigation will
heal
roughed
ground, germinate
seedings,
foster 1
young grass and save its loss, "wash in"
fertilizer, and result in such fine turf
t h a t the Green Chairman and his
Greenkeeper can concentrate on their
work u n h a m p e r e d by "kicks".
Second—fairway irrigation prevents
t h e loss of grass plants because of
d r o u t h — t h e plants virtually all survive.
In 1930 Wakonda Country Club (Des
Moines) lost over fifty ( 5 0 % ) percent
of their t u r f p l a n t s — a loss measured
only in thousands of dollars.
I t is u n i f o r m l y agreed among greenkeepers t h a t one good seeding is required a f t e r installing f a i r w a y w a t e r i n g
t o gain the g r e a t e s t benefits f r o m the irrigation, b u t t h a t t h e r e a f t e r t h e annual
seeding expense is considerably reduced.
Score here another distinct advantage
f o r f a i r w a y irrigation. The ultimate
saving in annual seeding expense is substantial—less seed, less labor, less
tilling.
( f r o m "The Advantages of F a i r w a y
Watering")

WE ARE NOT CONTENT MERELY
TO SELL YOU FINE SEEDS
O u r P r o b l e m Is T o S e r v e Y o u
In a m o r e efficient, f r i e n d l y p e r s o n a l

way.

a n d tihis l e a d s u s t o s a y

E v e r y o n e in o u r

organization

S e n d s to e v e r y o n e in y o u r

club

This W i s h — A VERY MERRY CHRISTMAS

DAY

THOMAS W. EMERSON CO.
"New

England's

BOSTON,

MASS.

Largest

Wholesale

Seed

House"

Worthington Mowers
A g a i n W o r t h i n g t o n Cuts down Cutting Costs
GAIN Worthington cuts down cutting costs for you. No need to
b u y t h e w h o l e t r a c t o r o u t f i t to
g e t it. If y o u r W o r t h i n g t o n is a n y
m o d e l f r o m t h e 1933 o n e on, it c a n
be e q u i p p e d w i t h a p o w e r t a k e - o f f
a n d sickle b a r . T h e b a r f o l d s u p o u t

A

of w a y w h e n n o t in u s e . I s e a s i l y
removable. With Worthington tractor,
g a n g m o w e r s a n d sickle b a r , t h e one
o u t f i t m e e t s all y o u r c u t t i n g n e e d s .
S e n d f o r c i r c u l a r . G e t t h e f a c t s . See
for yourself.

igtori
»ower
^mftanu

WORTHINGTON

M a i n Office
STRQUDSBURG,

PA.

MOWER

COMPANY
Boston
1 STATE

Office
STREET

TORO CRAB GRASS RAKE
Make
Include
your
several

budget

TORO

now.

Crab

making

grass

sure

rak»s

to

C r a b g r a s s is p e r h a p s t h e w o r s t o f s u m m e r w e e d s .
It is p u r e l y a
w a r m w e a t h e r plant and does not appear until the days are really warm.
It is a n a n n u a l a n d w i l l r e s e e d i t s e l f w i t h m i l l i o n s o f s e e d l i n g s .
Infestat i o n s w i l l g r o w y e a r l y u n t i l it h a s t a k e n p o s s e s s i o n of t h e a r e a .
I t m a y b e p u l l e d o u t b y t h e r o o t s , o r it may< b e l i f t e d a t e a c h m o w i n g
a n d c a t c h i n g t h e s e e d l i n g s w i l l l i m i t t h e n e x t y e a r ' s c r o p . T h e l a t t e r if
the easier and m o r e rapid and less expensive m e t h o d on areas oth«r
than greens.
T w o T O R O products have b e e n u s e d with great satisfaction for this
w o r k . O n g r e e n s t h e D e l M o n t e G r e e n s R a k e is u s e d j u s t b e f o r e m o w i n f
to raise the stem and seed pods high enough to be clipped by the mower
a n d carried away. R e p e a t e d t r e a t m e n t s will be satisfactory results.
We
can n a m e dozens of satisfied users.
The newer product — The TORO
C r a b G r a s s R a k e is d e s i g n e d f o r t h e h a n d m o w e r s a n d t h e p o w e r m o w e r s .
W i t h b o t h t y p e s of tools y o u c a n n o w e r a d i c a t e t h e c r a s s g r a s s f r o m t h e
Greens, Tees, A p p r o a c h e s and club house lawns.

Del Monte Greens Rake
Crab Grass Rake

$16.00 delivered

(Hand mower type)

3.75 delivered

Crab Grass Rake ( P o w e r m o w e r t y p e )

7.25 delivered

Distributed by

New England Toro Co.
SERVE,

West Newton,

Mass.