F r o m t h e w r i t i n g s of B e n j a m i n F r a n k l i n :

One today is worth two tomorrows.
The things which hurt, instruct.
Drive thy business, or it will drive thee.
: Write injuries in dust, benefits in marble.
He that would catch fish must venture his bait.
Many a man thinks he is buying pleasure, when he is
really selling- himself a slave to it.
A wise man will desire no more than what he can get
justly, use soberly, distribute cheerfully, and
leave contentedly.

OCTOBER
i »a<t -

This N E W S L E T T E R is published
monthly by the Greenkeepers Club of
New England, and sent free to its members and their Green's Chairmen. Subscription price ten cents a copy, or a
dollar a year.
GUY C. WEST
Editor
312 Mt. P l e a s a n t St., Fall River, Mass.

JAMES McCORMACK . . Business Mgr.
450 William St., S t o n e h a m , Mass.

October, 1936

Vol. 8, No. 10

COST FACTS

by Guy C. West
Cost records as applied to work done
on a golf course are of value to the
greenkeeper for many reasons; but,
cost records by themselves are of no
value unless they are analyzed and
used. If there are no records, there is
no definite idea of costs. Cost records
should represent the greenkeeper; they
should be represented to the Greens
Committee by the Greenkeeper as his
records, with his remarks and his recommendations.
Probably the greatest value of cost
records is in their giving the cost keeper a chance to compare, (not his costs
with those on some other course), his
own costs from year to year. To enable
the greenkeeper to thus compare costs,
the various items should be unchanged
year by year, so that comparisons may
be similar. Units should be established,
to give suitable comparisons.
In keeping labor costs, the first step
is to separate all strictly maintainence
work from new construction. Separate
cost figures should be kept for all new
construction items, such as the building
of a new green, remodeling a trap, or
even enlarging a tee. New construction
should cover any item not strictly maintainence; but, if the greenkeeper so
desires, he may include under his maintainence figures, certain items which,
while not strictly maintainence, are not
really new construction either, but
rather a sort of middle ground, and
often termed "renovation". Renovation
is usually kept as a separate item under
maintainence, and will include the improvement of an existing part of the
course, without actual physical change.
In some systems, renovation items are

carried as sub-items under main items
of maintainence.
The costs of maintainence of various
practice areas should be kept separate
from the costs on actual golf course.
If this is done, and all new construction
items have also been kept separate, at
the end of the year the actual cost of
maintainence of golf course may easily
be seen. It is of real interest and help
to have this figure to compare yearly,
and with which to compute the maintainence cost per round, if the number
of rounds per year is known.
The keeping of cost records makes the
Greenkeeper of more value to his club,
he can talk more intelligently of his
work, he can plan better, he can give
estimates as asked by his committee, he
can form a budget and follow it. He
should hence command a higher salary.
Keeping cost records raises the dignity
and standard of the Greenkeeper; it is
a definite step toward management.
A motto for each Greenkeeper should
be "Keep costs faithfully and use the
results".
Cost keeping of all work done by the
greenkeeper's staff is often of help in
presenting points, not only to the
Greens Committee, but also to other
club committees as well. Most Greenkeepers have as part of their duties, the
care of other game areas, maintainence
if lawns, trees, shrubbery plantings, etc.,
and many items which have to do with
club house operation, such as removal
of wastes, often various repair work
around the club house. The cost of all
these various items should be known.
We know of one greenkeeper, who, thru
cost keeping, was able to show the
Executive Committee of his club that
the greens staff did nearly a thousand
dollars worth of labor on various items
coming under club house service. This
was surprising information, and resulted in a much different feeling among
all concerned. Too often it is stated
that the golf course, usually the main
care of the greenkeeper and his staff,
costs so many thousands of dollars,
when a real analysis of figures, found
by diligent cost keeping, will prove that
the actual maintainence cost of the golf
course was only 60-80% of the money
spent under direction of the greenkeeper. Such facts are well worth knowing
and pointing out to any club's officials.
Cost keeping usually educates the
greenkeeper to note and record keeping. The keeper of costs usually keeps
other records which help him with his
work. A daily diary of all that is done

^

on the course will be of interest if kept
faithfully. Records kept of all fertilizing, composting, and chemical treatments for each green will do away with
guess work. Acidity readings of each
green at start and end of season may be
noted on the cards used for such
records, with notes on condition of
greens at various times during the season.
A record should be kept by the greenkeeper of the purchase of all equipment
and supplies, and he should approve all
bills of his department before they are
paid by the club treasurer. He can
then get his records for material costs
to use with his figures for labor which
he has from his payrolls. These figures,
analyzed, are the basis from which he
can report monthly to the Greens Committee.
Such monthly reports from the greenkeeper to his Greens Committee should
give the monthly cost for labor, also
materials, (to include equipment and
supplies), and also the cost to date for
these items in that fiscal year. A detailed list of costs for both labor and
materials for the month should also be
given, the labor being broken down as
it is in the cost system. Notes on the
work done during the month, with costs
of any items not shown, with comments
should also be a part of this report.
This report also furnishes the best place
for the greenkeeper to go on record in
regard to anything under discussion.
Recommendations are easily made a
part of such reports. The greenkeeper,
keeping a copy of such reports for
several years, has a mine of knowledge
of his work during that period, and has
a basis wherefrom he can draw up a
budget.
Cost systems for golf course cost
keeping are many in number. Among
those better known are the Murray and
Westchester systems. Many greenkeepers have their own systems. A system
evolved by the writer in 1922 from
systems then in use on various park
systems thru the country is in use here
and there. Any system is good if it is
easy to use and if it gives the desired
information. A standardized system for
all courses is not practical, due to the
vast difference in courses. Various
clubs have varied systems of bookkeeping, and often cost work on the course
is tied in with the club bookkeeping.
Then, too, greenkeepers vary in their
ability and in their desire to keep costs;
where one greenkeeper glories in being
able to show how much it cost to mow,

to weed, to water, to topdress, and all
the other maintainence items of perhaps
his greens, many others will be more
easily satisfied with the total maintainence costs of their greens.
A study of costs at this time is liable
to cause grief, unless the unsettled condition of golf clubs is wisely considered.
Because of too few men on many
courses, many greenkeepers have taken
over some of the work formerly done
by greensmen as well as their own. This
condition is unhealthy, and altho such
greenkeepers have often kept up their
former maintainence standards despite
cuts and should be commended for their
work, such a condition often is not
shown in the costs reports. Any cost
study attempted at present should be
made over a five year period at least,
and with all facts in mind.
The use of more and better equipment does not always mean lower costs.
Possibly it may mean a better standard,
or that the operation done with the
equipment is done more times. The
change from a five gang hook-up for
mowing fairways to a seven gang will
show a saving in mowing time, but the
time may not be saved, as what may
result is that the fairways will be mowed
an extra time per week, taking up the
time saved, but resulting in a better
standard of maintainence.
Before buying new equipment or before new construction, think over the
possible "hidden costs" which may be
involved. The addition of a fairway
watering system may be well worth
while, but it must be remembered that
it will mean a greater expense for water
per season in many cases, it will mean
more mowings per season, and more
fertilizer cost. The addition of a new
trap to a course may not cost much for
construction, but its maintainence while
it is used is the hidden cost to investigate before construction. It is significant that Pres. Charles E. Mason of
the Mass. Golf Assoc. recently addressed
a letter to the president of all member
clubs urging them to have all unused
traps on their courses filled, as one
means of keeping maintainence costs
down. Too often in the past have
newly elected green chairman, anxious
to leave their "monuments" on their
courses, had some new construction
carried on which left its full quota of
large hidden costs for the future.
There are many ways that costs are
of help to the greenkeeper, it is his job
to convince his green chairman of their
worth. As he does this there is bound

to occur a much better cooperation and
understanding between them, which will
certainly help all concerned to better
efforts.
The natural and efficient conclusion
to a good cost analysis system that has
been kept intelligently by a greenkeeper
is a budget. The results obtained from
keeping cost analysis figures should prepare the greenkeeper for budget making, furnishing him with a large amount
of information necessary for forming
his budget.
In drawing up a budget for approval
by the Directors or Finance Committee
of the club, the greenkeeper must remember to ask for all the money
needed for his department for efficient
maintainence. He should point out in
plain understandable language that cutting this budget means a drop in the
standard of maintainence. He must be
sure that all parts of his budget are
clear, and explanatory.
A proposed budget should be divided
to show labor and proposed equipment
and supplies, and also estimated costs
of any new improvements or changes
on the course or on other items under
supervision of the greenkeeper. The
cost of golf course, other game areas,
club house grounds, and other items
should be kept separate in the budget.
An item for annual appropriation of a
build-up f u n d for the purchase as
needed of major equipment is a wellworth while inclusion. An item for depreciation of machinery and equipment
makes the proposed budget more business-like.
If the greenkeeper feels that a raise
is due him, and that the club can afford the raise, this raise can be included in the budget.
The proposed budget should be presented the Greens Committee with sufficient notes and data that it may be
easily understood by this committee,
who act as a go-between the greenkeeper and the Directors. A meeting of
the greenkeeper and the Directors'is the
best method by which he can explain
his budget.
The proposed budget should allow an
item for contingencies, or be somewhat
elastic, as golf course maintainence deals
with so many uncontrolable factors. A
greenkeeper, in drawing up his proposed
budget, might take the average cost
over a five year period to reach an estimate, and then conditions might be unfavorable and cause this figure to be
much less than is really needed. Have
a contingency item in the budget.

Following adoption of his budget by
the Directors or the Finance committee,
the greenkeeper can proceed in a business-like manner with his plans for the
year.
We are noting this season a revival
of golf among the clubs of the country.
More and more clubs are reporting
larger membership lists. More and
more people are starting the game.
Many clubs are raising their dues, replacing, in part at least, reductions of
the past few years.
This trend toward more golf will demand and is indeed already demanding
a better standard of maintainence than
has been the case in many clubs the
past few years.
The cost of maintaining many a golf
course of late has been cut so drastically that the eventual cost to replace
the former standard of maintainence
will be prohibitive. The courses which
have been let go will need more than
mere cutting the rank growth; in many
cases the sod must be turned and reseeded. Those which have neglected the
weed problem will in many cases need
practically rebuilding and reseeding.
Those courses which have neglected
fertilization will need an extensive renovation program with large expenses
for seed, fertilizer and labor.
Those courses which have neglected
to replace their worn-out or obsolete
equipment will have a heavy bill for
replacement for better maintainence.
Those that have bought the ultimate in
machinery and have neglected the Ipersonal touch" in their maintainence program will find much hand work necessary to bring up the maintainence
standard as desired.
A few years ago, courses were wont
to use too much seed. Several agencies,
notably the Green Section, warned
clubs of this practice. The trend of late
has been too much the other extreme.
Seed dealers report a marked drop in
seed consumption by golf clubs — perhaps a warning is necessary that this
drop has gone too far, and that many
clubs are not using enough seed in their
maintainence programs.
Those clubs that see the light now
and plan for the -immediate f u t u r e are
the ones that will be successful. The
time to plan is now—to begin to raise
the standard now—to be ready for the
demand which is already here of the
increasing army of golfers.
(Note: P a r t of this article is reprinted
f r o m The' Turf Survey).

the same time the great convenience of
having the opportunity of consulting
with members of a trained
The October meeting was held on the personally
staff within a f e w minutes'
5th at the Charles River Country Club, research
Newton Centre, Mass. A greenkeeper- drive of their respective golf courses.
greens chairman four-ball tournament
was held, with the following results:
R. M. Gardiner, The Country Club,
and Edward Olson, Segregansett, 68;
In the first issue of Golfdom, in Feb.,
H. A. Wentworth, Brae Burn, and Guy 1927, there was printed an article adWest, Pall River, 72; J. H. Ritchie and dressed to Greens Chairmen. A good
Frank Wilson, Charles River, 72; Harry deal of this article is still applicable and
Crossley and Nick Bruno, Norfolk, 73. we are pleased to again call it to your
Greenkeeoers medal play tournament attention. In the belief that a better
understanding by the chairman of the
—A. H. Barney, 87—69.
At a short business meeting, the fol- many and diverse duties of the greenlowing were elected to membership: keeper will lead to better cooperation
Guilford R. Johnson, Jr. of Reservation between them, we ask you to read this
G. C., Harold E. Hawes of Paskaman- reprint.
sett G. C., and Thomas F. Burke of
Amesbury C. C.
GREENS JOB DEMANDS STUDY
Do greens chairmen realize and give
Following dinner, President F a r r a n t serious thought to the vast responsibility
and Frank Wilson explained the new placed in their hands and are they acproject along experimental lines that the cepting that responsibility?
When you, Mr. Greens Chairman,
Greenkeepers Club is now planning.
Greetings were expressed by Pres. were appointed to your office you acGreene of Charles River, Treas. Harold cepted as it were the trusteeship or inPierce of the Country Club, Pres.-elect dividual management of the property,
Badger of the M. G. A. and Pres. H. A.
Wentworth of the.N. E. Golf Assoc.
Professor Ray M. Koon, Director of
the Waltham Field Station, reviewed
briefly the history of the development
of this branch of the State Experiment
Station, pointing out the geographic adW h e n a country club seeks the
vantage in having such an institution
located in the center of a dense populas e r v i c e s of a g r e e n k e e p e r it is
tion. He stated that with 75 per cent
f a c e d w i t h t h e t e d i o u s t a s k o f inof the population of Massachusetts east
of the Worcester County Line, it was
vestigating the records and referonly reasonable to expect that the
e
n c e s of n u m e r o u s a p p l i c a n t s ,
Waltham Field Station should have expanded its activities so rapidly to inm a n y of w h o m l a c k t h e p r o p e r
clude service to florists, nurserymen,
qualifications.
market gardeners, f r u i t growers, home
gardeners, and others. Moreover, it is
Our Employment Committee ofonly inevitable that in the near f u t u r e
f e r s a h a p p y s o l u t i o n t o this p r o b the Field Station will embrace certain
other services which the public may delem by placing the country club
mand. He voiced a very enthusiastic
in c o n t a c t t h r u w r i t t e n a p p l i c a expression in favor of the plan which is
being projected by the Greenkeepers to
t i o n or p e r s o n a l i n t e r v i e w , w i t h
establish at Waltham a research laboratory, field plots, and an intimate inform e n w h o s e q u a l i f i c a t i o n s fit t h e m
mation service for those who are interf o r t h e p a r t i c u l a r p o s i t i o n to b e
ested in fine grasses, turf maintenance,
and the many problems pertaining therefilled.
to.
G u y C. W e s t , Chr.
He stated that the Greenkeepers.
keenly aware and deeply appreciative of
the helpful work which Professor Dickinson has done at Amherst, realize at
OCTOBER MEETING

^

insuring its proper care to three hundred
or four hundred owners of that property. The turf on your golf course which
cost the club something like $75,000.00,
if yours is an 18-hole course of the first
class, was placed in your hands to
nourish and superintend and care for
during the term of your office. In accepting the position you assumed the
responsibility of maintaining that turf
in perfect condition while you held your
office.
Let us suppose you personally were
hiring an individual to look a f t e r one
of your $75,000.00 properties. Would
you demand that he know something
about the nature of that property?
Since you have assumed the responsibility of supervising the care of the golf
course turf, is it unreasonable for your
four hundred members to ask that you
attempt to learn, if you do not already
know, the details as well as the fundamentals pertaining to the work of nursing that property?

Approximate number of times necessary to mow rough?
How often should fairways be mowed?
When should greens be watered and
how?
When to exterminate worms from
green and how?
Cost per green to remove worms?
When are fertilizers necessary?
What kind of fertilizer is best suited
to soil on my particular golf course?
What causes winter kill and how can
it be eliminated?
What is a reasonable amount of
grass seed necessary each year for reseeding tees, greens and bad spots on
fairways?
Which is the best seed to buy—the
cheapest or most expensive?
How much does it cost to prepars
seed bed in ratio to cost of seed?
Why are light hollow rollers used on
tees and putting greens?
What You're to K n o w
These and many other questions willWould you mind asking yourself: arise as time goes on and you will find
many articles of interest in this magaWhat do I know about—
zine devoted in its entirety to the betterQuack grass?
Clay soil?
ment of golf courses while working for
Brown patch and Lowlands?
economy and efficiency on the part of
the employes.
its cure?
Drainage?
The point is, Mr. Greens Chairman,
Sour soil?
Slopes?
that the more you know about your parFungus?
Hard Pan?
ticular duties, the more interesting they
Crab grass?
Native grasses?
will become and the more efficiency you
will find instilled by your suggestions to
Chick weed?
Fertilizers?
the greenkeeper. You have the capacity
Plantains?
Mowers?
and undoubtedly have the time since
Dandelion?
Rollers?
you accepted the responsibility, to
thoroughly master the greenskeeping
Ants?
Tractors?
profession and the greenkeepers are
Worms?
Plant life?
willing to help you if you will but take
Grubs?
Trees?
the interest in it. It is our intention to
Good soil?
Garden flowers?
give this information without the use
of technical or Latin names; every
Poor soil?
Shrubbery?
article will be readable and understandSandy soil?
able to all green keepers and they will
Grass seed—amount to plant?
be most interesting to those greens
Type seed for various soils?
chairmen who really want to know
something about the duties they asSeeds best suited for tees?
Most economical grasses for greens? sumed.
Ask Yourself
Fundamentals in producing dense
turf?
Turf on the putting green originally
cost, I r would cost, approximately
Cost of preparing seed bed?
$1,000.00 to reproduce. If you have
Reasonable time required to mow a eighteen
of them you have $18,000.00
green?
in your care in the greens
Reasonable cost to mow 18 fairways? invested
alone and your fairways are just as
Number of men required to properly important, if you but knew it, as are
maintain 18-hole course?
your fine putting greens.
What kind of grass do you have on
Cost of mowing the rough once?

THE SPREADER YOU HAVE BEEN SEEKING

SPECIFICATIONS

Hopper Capacity
3 c u b i c ft. F e e d R o i l e r o n l y 3 in. a b o v e g r o u n d
W i d t h o v e r all
4 ft. Graduated feed scale
W i d t h of s p r e a d
3 6 in. N e t w g t . of m a c h i n e . . 1 2 S lbs.
W i d t h of w h e e l s
4 in. S h i p p i n g w g t .
1 7 5 lbs.
Direct gear drive
Price (F.O.B. Cleveland)
$,59.50
R e g a r d l e s s of w h a t k i n d of m a t e r i a l y o u a r e u s i n g o n y o u r G o l f
G r e e n s , F a i r w a y s , L a w n s , etc., t o o b t a i n t h e d e s i r e d r e s u l t s , t h e m a t e r i a l s
m u s t b e a p p l i e d e v e n l y in t h e r e c o m m e n d e d a m o u n t s .
T h e A L L P U R P O S E S P R E A D E R w a s d e s i g n e d a n d b u i l t to do t h e
work with more accuracy than any other method.
Its " F i n g e r T o u c h C o n t r o l " is p o s i t i v e c o n t r o l , e l i m i n a t i n g t h e possib i l i t y of b u r n at t h e s t a r t a n d finish l i n e s f r o m e x c e s s f e r t i l i z e r as l e f t
by most Spreaders.
W h e t h e r y o u a r e s e e d i n g , f e r t i l i z i n g or t o p d r e s s i n g t h e A L L P U R P O S E S P R E A D E R will m e e t y o u r m o s t e x a c t i n g d e m a n d s . G r a s s s e e d
c a n b e a p p l i e d as light as 3 lbs. p e r 1 0 0 0 s q u a r e f t . — i d e a l f o r s o w i n g
B e n t s e e d o n G o l f G r e e n s . T o p d r e s s i n g c a n be a p p l i e d as h e a v y as
desired.
T h e A L L P U R P O S E S P R E A D E R is n o t j u s t a f e w p i e c e s of tin s t u c k
t o g e t h e r but is b u i l t f o r h e a v y d u t y w i t h t h e p r e c i s i o n of fine w o r k m a n s h i p
a n d has s u c h f e a t u r e s as t r i p l e roll a g i t a t i o n n o p a c k i n g of m a t e r i a l —
full width feed no clogging accurate quantity control insuring proper
application—and other excellent features.
T h e A L L P U R P O S E S P R E A D E R will h a n d l e t h e f o l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l s
w i t h e q u a l s u c c e s s , as w e l l as a n y o t h e r s of s i m i l a r n a t u r e : G r a s s S e e d s ,
F e r t i l i z e r , S u l p h a t e of A m m o n i a , A r s e n a t e of L e a d , G r o u n d L i m e ,
B i c h l o r i d e of M e r c u r y , S e m e s a n , B a r b a k 2 1 1 & X X , M i l o r g a n i t e , S a n d ,
Calomel, Calo-Clor, Humus, Nu-Green, Cottonseed Meal, B o n e Meal,
Vigoro, Mowrah Meal, Agrico and T O P D R E S S I N G FOR G R E E N S , FAIRWAYS, LAWNS.
N o t e : — W i l l h a n d l e M o i s t P r e p a r e d T o p S o i l a p p l y i n g 3 5 0 lbs. p e r
1 0 0 0 s q u a r e ft. of m a t e r i a l w e i g h i n g 7 0 lbs. p e r c u b i c ft,

IDEAL
MOWER SALES and SERVICE
Ideal P o w e r and Fairway M o w e r s Golf Course E q u i p m e n t
111 Cypress Street—Boston, Massachusetts
Telephone Beacon 2898-2899

T e l l t h e a d v e r t i s e r y o u s a w it in t h e N E W S L E T T E R .

your fairways? Are your fairways becoming thicker or thinner each year?
Is your rough kept clean and about
four inches long or is it mowed oncein-a-while and always looks ragged?
Are your members thoroughly satisfied,
and what is more interesting, are you
personally satisfied with the results of
your efforts to produce a better course?
Why do you use a heavy roller in the
springtime? Do you know the value of
using a light hollow roller continuously?
And, why should you not cut young
grass until it has grown two inches high
or more?
Good articles on greenskeeping are
found few and f a r between but the
practical knowledge on greenskeeping is
obtainable from hundreds of greenkeepers who have devoted fifteen to
twenty-five years of their lives in this
work and it is our intention to give you
this data as fast as we can obtain it.
We should be pleased to hear from
you if you care to have us ask for information on particular subjects.
FALL

SEEDING

F l a y i n g A l o n g w i t h N a t u r e as G u i d e

Too many well meaning people unknowingly tend to buck Nature by sowing grass seed at a time of year when
the factors of temperature, soil condition, and rain-fall are decidedly their
opponents. Necessity and demand are
realized, however, in definite cases; but
the high percentage of failures and slow
development of areas seeded in the
spring and early summer forces one to
acknowledge that the gamble is not a
favorable one.
There are several major reasons, besides the fact that fall is Nature's time
for seeding, why the best results in turf
are always obtained at this time of
year.
Throughout the summer months our
annual and perennial weed host has
thrived while turf grasses were more or
less dormant. During the latter part of
August (after August 20th) the desirable grasses begin to recover and take
a new lease on life. Temperature at this
time plays a major part, for our basic
grasses are most virulent when moist,
cool weather conditions prevail. Although the weeds derive similar bene-

fits, they are true cowards whenever
there is competition. Their period of
supremacy is over in early September,
and most of the annuals die in the first
frost.
The period for fall seeding varies
rather materially in various sections of
the United States. In the New England
States, which are our immediate consideration, there are two distinct sections. The Coastal region, lying as f a r
inland as 50 miles through Maine and
New Hampshire, graduating to 100 miles
from northern Massachusetts to northern Connecticut, and returning to a
point about 50 miles inland near Kent.
Connecticut, differs from the Inland
region of New England by nearly three
weeks. The optimum range for the
Coastal region lies between August 20th
and October 15th. The Inland region
may be sown to grass seed as early as
August 5th, but no later than September 15th to insure the best results. Long
Island also lies within the Coastal
range.
A brief discussion on seed selection
may be of value at this point, for grass
seeds are only valuable in exact proportion to the results obtained from their
use. Basic grasses are those of permanent sod-forming character, and include
Colonial bent, Kentucky blue grass,
Chewing's New Zealand red fescue and
Velvet bent. All named are slow in establishing themselves and therefore require the aid and protection of faster
growing types which serve their purpose
and disappear. The best Nurse grasses,
in order of their importance, are Red
Top, Domestic rye grass, English rye
grass and Italian rye grass. Special
purpose grasses, a third type, include
Fine-leaved fescue and Rough-stalked
meadow grass which are particularly
adapted to shade; Canada blue grass ^Mt
for poor clay soils; and Seaside bent
grass for putting green turf if desired.
Filler grasses are to be avoided because
they seldom enhance the appearance of
a lawn mixture and are only present to
add bulk to an inferior formulae or to
lower the price. No reliable seedhouse
enjoys the reputation of selling Filler
grasses in their mixtures. Among these
are, Timothy, Meadow Fescue, Crested
Dog's Tail and Orchard grass.
Look about before deciding on the
basis for any mixture. If the soil is of
a good silt or clay loam texture, Kentucky blue grass is likely to be indigenous to the land. Should adjacent areas
prove this fact, the wise purchaser will
play along with Nature. Colonial bent

T H E SIGN O F G O O D SEEDS

m.

Blue Grasses, Colonial Bent, Seaside Bent, Velvet—B. P. I.
14276 and Highland, New Crop Chewings Fescue, Fine
Leaved Fescue, Red Top and all Fine Grasses.
CLEAN
WEED-FREE
HIGH VIABILITY
GRASS SEED

II.

W«MMil®Slff

MILFORD, CONN.

NEW ENGLAND GROWN
Winter-hardy,

Acclimated

SEED

BENT

DIVISION

for

N e w E n g l a n d Golf Courses
D i r e c t f r o m t h e f a r m s of

A. N. PECKHAM
K I N G S T O N , R . I.

&

& o n s

Hovey's

TESTED GRASS SEED

Its inigh quality is p r o v e n by
the fine, velvety turf, weedfree, it produces.
¥¥rite or t e l e p h o n e us f o r
special quotations on all
kinds of grass seed.

Hovey & Company
130 Broad St.—Boston, Mass.
Han. 1 4 5 4 - 1455

R e a d t h e a d s as w e l l a s t h e n e w s .

is outstandingly the best basic turf grass
throughout the Coastal region of New
England and does exceedingly well on
good loam and fertile sandy soils inland. It has been found to be fair on
poorer soils where drought and summer
heat are most severe. Chewing's red
fescue is well adapted to poor sandy
soils because of being a low feeder and
requiring less water than any other basic
grass. Its deep extensive root system
provides ample food for proper growth.
Do not confuse this fine wirey textured
turf grass with the tufty, blue-green,
bunch grass known as Sheep's fescue.
The latter is often an adulterant in
European red fescue and has no place
in a truly fine turf area. It should
never be sown alone, however, but with
a nurse grass.
Since Nurse grasses are requisites of
all good grass seed mixtures, always
select them in relation to the service
they will give. English rye grass may
be called a biennial or semi-perennial,
and therefore may be used to best advantage on terraces and extremely
sandy loams where Chewing's red fescue
and Colonial bent grass are slowest to
respond. The other Nurse grasses
named are, with the exception of Red
Top, usually annuals under mowing
maintenance, and are of more or less
equal value. Here it may seem best to
allow price to be the governing factor.
When Red Top and the ryes are used
individually as nurses a minimum of
25% , by weight, insures real protection
for the basic grasses.
In conclusion be reminded that turf
is produced by Nature with the help of
man. Play her game fairly, with good
judgment, and you will win for yourself her cooperation and the healthy,
virulent greensward desired.
—Turf Topics.

Mr. Brown is thoroughly familiar with
all types of grasses used on golf courses
and lawns and he will be glad to give his
personal attention to any turf problem
which you may have, considering a
privilege, any opportunity you may afford him of being of service to you.
We consider ourselves extremely
fortunate in having been able to secure
the services of a man with Mr. Brown's
efficiency and enviable reputation. His
name is a familiar one on nearly every
golf course in New England, and we
sincerely hope that his many friends
and customers will extend to him a welcome in his new capacity.
"Courage without common sense is
power without purpose."
"Hitch your wagon to a star—but
watch the road."
"Class no man as a failure until you
see him quit."
"Learn to manage men and you'll
have hit the shortest trail to big-time
leadership."
"Machines follow rules. Men interpret them."
"So long as you can laugh you're in
the running."
"Whether you like him or not, the
fellow who sells is a salesman."
"Scratch the strong finisher deeply
enough and you're likely to find a
prompt starter."

The Ideal Mower Sales & Service, 111
Cypress Street, Brookline, Massachusetts
are pleased to announce that Mr. Perci"The substitute for work has not been
val S. Brown, formerly of Hovey &
Company, Boston, Massachusetts, is now found."
affiliated with our organization, having
complete charge of the seed and fertiA tree is a nobler object than a prince
lizer department.
Before his association with Hovey & in his coronation robes.—Pope.
Company, Mr. Brown was service representative for Carter's Tested Seeds, and
later, manager of T. W. Emerson's Golf
The poetry of earth is never dead.
Department for a period of ten years.
—Keats.

Seasonable Protection for the Greens
at Moderate Cost

U s e Special S e m e s a n and secure d e p e n d a b l e b r o w n
patch protection.

Special Semesan contains two organic mercuries.
O n e p o u n d t r e a t s 6 , 0 0 0 s q u a r e f e e t of t u r f .
S a v e s in l a b o r f o r a p p l i c a t i o n .
Easier on sprayer parts.
5 lbs., $ 1 0 . 0 0 —
2 5 lbs., $ 4 2 . 5 0 —
1 0 0 lbs., $ 1 6 5 . 0 0

Top Dress Now with Florida Humus

BRECK'S

85 S T A T E STREET, B O S T O N , MASS.

T H E L A R G E S T S E E D H O U S E IN N E W E N G L A N D
T E S T E D S E E D S A N D V . C. F A I R W A Y F E R T I L I Z E R

7 G a n g Reduced for Crossing Bridge

For crossing bridges or along roadways Worthington gangs can
be reduced to overall width of a triple. Mows fairways, rough
and cuts tall grass and weeds. Send for Catalog. See for yourself.
Main Office:
S T R O U D S B U R G , PA.

fir
tjrijrilj'fc^"
Worthington
J
Lower

Boston Office:
1 STATE STREET

(impany-

The advertisers pay for your N E W S L E T T E R ; deal with them.

P U T T I N G GREEN

SWEEPERS

W h y not keep your greens, tees, and clubhouse lawns looking clean
and neat?
T h i s c a n b e d o n e w i t h a m i n i m u m of t i m e a n d e f f o r t t h r o u g h u s i n g
the S P R I N G F I E L D S W E E P E R .

F o r g o l f g r e e n s , it g e n t l y r e m o v e s w o r m c a s t s , a n t hills, l e a v e s , a n d
d e b r i s of all l i g h t c h a r a c t e r , w h i c h i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e l i f e , b e a u t y , a n d
p u t t i n g s u r f a c e of t h e g r e e n s .
Quickly cleans up turf areas around the clubhouse and grounds.
Hand models for greens, tees, and clubhouse areas. Tractor model
for fairways.
Write today for circular and prices.

Distributed by

Kew England Toro

Co.

1121 W A S H I N G T O N STREET, W E S T N E W T O N , MASS.
Newton North 7 9 0 0 — W e s t Newton 1658