NORTHERN MICHIGAN TURF MANAGERS ASSOCIATION C. E. "TUCK” TATE, PRESIDENT THOS. J. REED, SECRETARY-TREAS. MICHAEL T. GARVALE, VICE-PRESIDENT 3733 APOLLO DRIVE TRAVERSE CITY, Ml. 49684 TUESDAY, AUGUST 28th, 1984 PHONE: 616/943-8433 GAYLORD COUNTRY CLUB BEARD COLLECTION GAYLORD,________________MICHIGAN The next meeting of this Association will be held at the date and location indicated above. The country club is located west of Gaylord on M-32. This is just north of where C-42 from Alba, joins M-32. This is a fine 18 hole golf course built in 1972 and a real golf challenge. Damiam Kurkowski, is the host superintendent, Den Webster is the golf professional and the President of the club is Wm. Deneen,, These gentlemen invite you to play the course however you must have starting times, the number 616/546-3377. Lunch is available at the club and this will be where refreshments plus dinner will be served. The cost of dinner will be in the $8.00 category plus a surprise in that steak will be served. You will be the chef and cook your own steak so if it is not cooked to your liking, guess whose fault? Since everyone will be cooking, we would like to start our dinner as early as possible or about 6:00 P.M. We suggest therefore that you arrange your time both of starting golf and/or arrival, to be available to receive your steak. As usual, a business meeting will follow and we will have as our speaker, Mi. Terry Specht, President of Specialty Products Division of United Agricultural Products, Greenly, Colorado. This should prove a very interesting talk of interest to we in the green industry. As usual, we must inform Gaylord Country Club of the number that will be there so-------- please return your postcard in the return mail. By so doing, you can win a prize and you are making the job of our people, your associates so much easier. Your cooperation is greatly appreciated. ***************************************************************** ** -it The next date that you should remember is September 6th, Field Day at The Robert Hancock Turfgrass Research Center on campus at Michigan State. This year, it will be quite different as in addition to viewing turfgrass plots, there will also be a big equipment display. This should give everyone a chance to compare if you have any interest in purchasing equipment now or include in your budget for the future. Registration is 9:00 A.M. If you have any further questions, we suggest that you contact Dr. Paul E. Rieke or Dr. Bruce Branham at M.S.U. The next date and a letter will follow shortly, will be September 12th, which is the date of our Association meeting at Lakewood Shores, Oscoda Details will be forthcoming on the event. ********************************************************************* 1 Overseeding Bentgrass Greens - Tc Tf Worth Tf9 JLl V WrlL !✓>> JLIz • by BRIAN SILVA Agronomist, Northeastern Region, USGA Green Section Q Q ’W’ TRIED THAT a couple of years While many superintendents appreci­ Soil cultivation, i.e., aerification, is I ago and didn’t see any results.” ate the advantages associated with another frequently used practice in JL Unfortunately, that’s often the annual overseeding, many of them hesi­ gaining seed/soil contact. The soil cores response to a suggestion for annually tate to introduce still another variety should be removed and a drop seeder overseeding bentgrass to bentgrass into their putting greens. This is used for the sowing. Follow this with a greens. But remember, “one summer a especially true on greens originally moderate topdressing of desirable seeding does not make.” On closer planted to velvet bentgrass or vege­ quality and then slowly mat or drag the examination, the long-term possibilities tative creeping bentgrasses such as material into the open aeration holes. for green improvement and eventual Arlington and Congressional However, Slow dragging is far preferable to the success should not be even slightly close examination of greens originally racetrack technique, and it doesn’t overlooked. planted to these specific grasses often disturb the original putting surface as There are many advantages to over­ reveals a less-than-claimed degree of much. seeding greens. Improved color, putting purity. For example, many velvet bent Depending on the time you have speed, shot-holding capability, as well greens often contain as much creeping available and the prevailing weather as rapid recovery from injury are among bentgrass and annual bluegrass as they conditions, you may wish to carry out a the leading ones. Add to these the do velvet bent. Additionally, many moderate vertical mowing program factors of increased uniformity and greens planted vegetatively to two or immediately after removing the soil consistency of putting surfaces and a more strains of creeping bentgrass have cores as mentioned above. J he vertical formidable, favorable argument begins suffered separation and take on the mowing should be carried out to a depth to take shape. patchwork appearance mentioned earlier. which will bring a small amount of An overseeding program would provide previously applied topdressing or soil Putting greens that have become a a blending of grasses and greater uni­ patchwork quilt of different bentgrasses material to the surface of the greens. formity of putting surfaces. Just as After removal of the thatch debris and/ and Poa annua varieties pose an unusual importantly, proper maintenance prac­ problem for the golf course super­ or soil material brought to the surface, tices will yield more consistent and the holes resulting from aerification intendent. The various grasses and predictable results. types respond differently to basic and the slight grooves caused by vertical management practices, such as fertili­ By now you are probably ready to mowing will allow an infinite number of zation, topdressing, vertical mowing, jump on the bandwagon and wave the seeds to make good soil contact. and even pesticide applications. A banner for annual bentgrass overseed­ Spiking or slicing greens with variable response to environmental ing. Right? Wait a minute! Certain mechanical disk spikes will also produce factors such as temperature is also questions and techniques first merit a good seedbed for overseeding. It will noted. An annual overseeding program your attention. require at least three or four passes over would encourage the development of the putting green — more if possible — greater uniformity with regard to the NE OF THE keys to good germi­ before actual seeding is accomplished. grass species and variety which pre­ dominates on a putting surface. O nation from any seeding program Remember, oversceding is taking is the development of proper seed toplace on actively growing turf. Thi.s We often ask the impossible of greens soil contact. On a new green, or on a allows less than optimal conditions for originally planted to bentgrass. In project where complete renovation is in germination and the growth and develop­ many instances, these greens receive no order, the development of excellent ment of new seedlings. An intensive additional desirable seed after they seed-to-soil contact is achieved with soil cultivation program, combining relative ease. However, when over­ aerification, vertical mowing, and spik­ become established. This is the case ing will prepare a better seedbed and even though annual bluegrass con­ seeding is carried out on an area of actively growing turf, the seed-to-soil reduce the level of competition imposed sistently produces vast quantities of new by actively growing turf. The relatively seed each season. Expecting the existing contact becomes more difficult. moderate topdressing which follows bentgrasses to compete solely on a Any one of a number of techniques, overseeding will permit acceptable vegetative basis with annual bluegrass or a combination of them, will work. If putting conditions. Once the seed is in may be expecting far too much. A you are dead serious about a bentgrass the ground, very light syringings fortwo vigorous annual bentgrass overseeding overseeding program, consider first the or three weeks throughout each day will program can play an integral role in a use of a small, power-driven slicer- aid in higher germination percentages. maintenance scheme designed to favor seeding machine that places the seed the growth and development of bent slightly below the putting surface. 3 and at the expense of Poa annua Special thin colters are available that continued on page encroachment. barely disturb the surface. Very success­ ful results have been obtained with this technique. 2 S TO THE seed itself, one of the A improved creeping bentgrass varieties is recommended. Penneagle or T HE IDEAS behind overseeding sound great. Conditions of surface 6 ANSWERS Penncross would represent a good uniformity and consistency on greens TO QUESTIONS can be improved. Greater competition choice, because they have an aggressive on behalf of the desirable grasses can be WE NEVER THOUGHT growth rate, which allows them to YOU’D ASK germinate and develop under less than gained against the encroachment of ideal seedbed conditions. Once estab­ annual bluegrass. However, these (But decided to answer anyway) lished, their aggressive nature will results will never be realized by a one- 1 Yes, GCSAA can help you become a shot effort. better superintendent. One way it does offer an increased level of competition this is through educational seminars and against the ever-present annual blue­ A sound overseeding program must conference sessions it sponsors each grass. be carried out on a continuing and year to help you become better in­ Much has been made of the tendency annual basis. Frequently we are asked formed about turfgrass diseases, for such aggressively growing grasses how long the program should last. Is pesticides, landscaping and manage­ to thatch and become puffy under three years enough? Is five years too ment practices. putting green conditions. However, long? The best answer seems to be to contemporary putting green mainte­ 2 Yes, GCSAA is helping to further the initiate and continue an annual over­ advancement of the turfgrass industry. nance practices, including light and seeding program as long as it is necessary Through the GCSAA Scholarship & frequent topdressing, light vertical to keep bentgrass in the dominant role. Research Fund, Inc., GCSAA provided mowing, and judicious use of nitrogen, This may well take many, many years, more than $13,500 last year in research will keep thatch accumulation in check. but then in agriculture, only crop grants to leading turfgrass programs. Obviously, seedling mortality will be failure comes about overnight. GCSAA also provides educational high. While the chances of overseeding opportunities to turfgrass students success increase with the intensity of And you can count on one more fact. through annual turfgrass scholarships. seedbed preparation, relatively high The results gained from overseeding 3 Yes, GCSAA provides a meeting seeding rates should be used. Addition­ will not be immediate. Three or four ground for superintendents. Each year, ally» if you wish to shorten the time for years may be required before you even GCSAA sponsors an annual conference higher bentgrass populations, overseed see a hint of progress. However, if you and show for its members. Last year twice annually. Minimum seeding rates persevere, you will improve bentgrass more than 6,500 educators, industry of two pounds per 1,000 square feet for populations and uniformity throughout representatives and members from all the grasses suggested above are recom­ your putting surfaces. Without annual over the world attended. GCSAA’s mended. On a golf course with average- overseeding, your present putting sur­ executive committee decided at its last size greens, this seeding rate means an faces will, at best, remain static. The board meeting that the conference expenditure in excess of $1,000 per more desirable grasses will be com­ experience is so valuable that first-year seeding per year. Just for a minute, members should be encouraged to at­ peting on a vegetative basis and, generally tend by being given free admission. though, consider the expense involved speaking, this is a losing proposition. in maintaining greens through the Expect annual bluegrass encroachment. 4 Yes, GCSAA offers recognition for summer stress period that are comprised superintendents. Through its public mainly of annual bluegrass. The extra In many cases, the initiation of over­ relations efforts, its magazine, and its syringing and fungicide treatments add seeding will challenge a distorted award programs, GCSAA helps pro­ up quickly, and substantially. Better equilibrium that has developed over the mote the image and the professionalism yet, imagine the cost in actual dollars years and favors annual bluegrass of the superintendent. GCSAA also and inconvenience associated with a set populations. It will take time to shift provides information to superin­ of greens that come through a winter in this equilibrium, but a shift will surely tendents about how they can use public take place through overseeding and relations to promote their own image to poor shape after annual bluegrass has their course, their community and their exhibited its all too famous susceptibility altered maintenance practices. If you are attracted by greens domi­ association. to winter injury. The timing of overseeding is critically nated by creeping bentgrasses, an annual 5 Yes, GCSAA provides each member important. While spring and fall might oversccding program deserves your with a life insurance program. Supple­ be the accepted times for propagating further investigation. mental insurance, disability and pension turf on a new site by seeding, they are programs also are available. not the best times for overseeding exist­ 6 No, GCSAA can’t help you with your ing turf. Cool soil temperatures in the golf handicap. You’ll have to work on spring and fall, plus extreme compe­ A manager develops people. that yourself. Through the way he manages tition on the part of annual bluegrass, he makes it easy or difficult render these periods inappropriate for for them to develop themselves. overseeding. Carried out in the summer­ time, however, before the prime germi­ He directs people or misdirects them. He brings out what is roti nation period for Poa annua, over­ in them or he stifles them. seeding can give bentgrass seedlings an He strengthens their integrity* The association that offers you increased level of competitive ability. or he corrupts them. He trains more than just a name. Soil temperatures at this time will also them to stand upright and 1617 ST. ANDREWS DRIVE LAWRENCE, KANSAS 66044 allow excellent germination, while strong, or he deforms them, 913/841-2240 diligent irrigation and fungicide treat­ whether he knows it or not. ments can improve seedling survival. Peter Drucker 3 Turf Management shown to be toxic to earthworms. Turf managers have observed that some disease may recur Fungicides: The Good, The Band and The Ugly in turfs previously treated with fungicides, but not in adjacent Peter H. Dernoeden, Extension Turfgrass Specialist untreated areas. Dollar spot is probably the most common Arriving at the decision of whether to apply a fungicide to disease to exhibit this phenomenon. Data, recently recorded in any turf area is difficult and generally based on economic con­ a test conducted by the University of Maryland, have shown siderations. For over 50 years, and prior to the popularization that red thread was more severe in the spring of 1983 in Manhat­ of the IPM concept, turfgrass managers have been fighting tan perennial ryegrass plots last treated with benomyl in July, diseases through cultural practices. With the advent of modern 1982. These phenomena are attributed to non-target effects of fungicides, extremely reliable control has been achieved for fungicides, i.e., the fungicide(s) were toxic to microorganisms many turf diseases. Effective chemical control, however, hinges which antagonize and help keep disease causing fungi in upon a rapid and accurate disease diagnosis. As a group, golf abeyance. course superintendents are the most experienced turf managers The development of fungal strains resistant to fungicides has in the area of disease recognition and control. Homeowners, been well documented. Resistant strains of the dollar spot fungus however, often are unable to diagnose turf diseases, or they first developed as a result of repeated usage of cadmium based recognize a disease problem only after substantial injury has fungicides and benomyl. Thiophanates (e.g. CL3336, Fungo occurred. As a general rule, use of fungicides is discouraged and Duosan), anilazine and iprodione resistant strains of the in most homelawn situations because (a) proper diagnosis and dollar spot fungus have also been reported. Benomyl resistant proper fungicide selection is difficult, (b) it is generally too late strains of fungi causing Fusarium blight and powdery mildew, to achieve the economic and aesthetic benefits of a fungicide and iprodione resistant strains of the pink snow mold organism once extensive injury has occurred, (c) homeowners capable have also been reported. The development of resistant strains of only dry or granular applications do not have the proper spray of fungi likely occurs in response to a selection process that equipment or they cannot obtain small amounts of the desired eventually enables a small, but naturally occurring population fungicide(s) for the disease situation, and (d) it may be less ex­ of resistant biotypes to predominate in the fungicide-treated turf­ pensive, and better in the long-run to overseed a damaged turf grass microenvironment. area with disease resistant cultivars. Fungicides applied to control one disease, may encourage Where extremely high quality turf is required (e.g. golf course other diseases. Tests conducted in Maryland have shown that putting greens and other professional sports turfs) fungicides benomyl and maneb can encourage red thread. Benomyl has will be needed in most years, particularly in the transition zone. also been shown to enhance Helminthosporium leaf spot, The indiscriminate use of fungicides or employment or Pythium blight and superficial fairy rings. Thiophanate-methyl numerous, preventative applications of fungicides for many may increase crown rust in perennial ryegrass, iprodione can diseases should be discouraged. Other than economic restraints, increase yellow turf, and maneb may enhance dollar spot. In reasons why repeated fungicide applications may not be 1983, in University of Maryland tests, two common-type Ken­ desirable include: tucky bluegrass cultivars treated on monthly intervals with 1. Fungicide may reduce the population of beneficial chlorothalonil were injured more severely by Fusarium blight microorganisms in the soil. and heat and drought stress than untreated turf. Encouragement 2. Fungicides may disturb a delicate balance among of disease in these situations may again be attributed to offset­ microorganisms that compete with and antagonize disease caus­ ting the delicate balance between antagonistic and pathogenic ing fungi. This may explain why some diseases recur more microorganisms in the ecosystem. It is also conceivable that rapidly and cause more injury in turfs previously treated with some fungicides may physiologically alter the capacity of a plant fungicides. to resist a particular pathogen or withstand environmental stress. 3. Continous usage of a single fungicide may lead to the The phytotoxicity that accompanies usage of some fungicides development of fungal strains that are fungicide resistant. is generally not severe. Most phytotoxicity problems occur when 4. A fungicide may control one disease, but encourage other fungicides are applied to bentgrasses, particularly during periods diseases. of high temperature stress. Fungicides that can cause yellow­ 5. Possible phytotoxic or undesirable hormonal effects. ing of bentgrass include benomyl, cycloheximide (Acti-dione), When used repeatedly, certain fungicides have been shown PCNB (Terraclor and Acti-dione RZ) and the mercurials (e.g. to enhance thatch accumulation. Benzimidazole fungicides (e.g. Calo Clor and PM AS). Benomyl has been reported to inhibit Tersan 1991, Bromasan and Duosan) and sulfur containing growth and stolon production in bentgrass, and may cause a fungicides such as mancozeb (Dithane M-45), maneb (Tersan tip dieback in Merion Kentucky bluegrass. Etaconazole (Ban­ LSR), and thiram (Tersan 75 and Spotrete), cause thatch to ac­ ner and Vanguard), fenarimol (Rubigan), triadimefon (Bayleton) cumulate by acidifying soil. The effect of these fungicides is and PMAS treated bentgrass may develop an objectionable blue- indirect, that is they inhibit the thatch decomposition capacity green color if used repeatedly or when applied at high rates. of beneficial microorganisms by lowering pH. Cadmium PCNB also may elicit a purplish color when applied to Turcote fungicides and iprodione (Chipco 26019) also enhance thatch bermudagrass in the autumn. accumulation. In the case of these latter two compounds, thatch build-up is attributed to direct toxicity of microorganisms that these potential problems. The importance of rapid and accurate degrade thatch. Fungicides may also contribute to thatch build­ disease diagnosis, and the judicious use of fungicides are in­ up by being toxic to earthworms. Earthworms help reduce thatch tegral in management problems were fungicides are common­ by mixing soil with organic matter. Benomyl, mancozeb, ly employed. Credit — The Agronomist anilazine (Dyrene) and chlorothalonil (Daconil) have been University of Maryland, November, 1983 u SAFETY EQUIPMENT • Leggings and sleeves for added protection against SAFETY EYE PROTECTION splashes and flying particles. Safety glasses, goggles, side shields, face shields, welding • Disposable paper, cloth or plastic clothing for protec­ shields. Eye protection is needed where there is airborne tion against germs or harmful chemicals. dust; the danger of flying metal, wood or stone chips; Personal protective clothing and equipment have their welding; and splashing chemicals. Employees should place in sports, manufacturing plants, foundries, construc­ chose and use the protective safety eyewear best suited tion and many other areas of industry. It is our responsibility for their jobs. to be safety-conscious. We must recognize the importance SAFETY FOOTWEAR of personal protective clothing and equipment and take advantage of their benefits by wearing them. Safety shoes offer soles with puncture protection, instep protection, ankle snugs to ward off sparks, metatarsel SUIT UP FOR SAFETY— use and wear guards, non-slip soles and steel caps that protect the toes personal protective clothing and equipment. from falling objects. Today safety shoes are very comfort­ able, fashionable and effective. 10 CAUSES OF UNSAFE ACTIONS HAND PROTECTION Here are ten principal factors which can cause unsafe Approved cloth work gloves, leather hand pads, metal work practices or unsafe acts. mesh gloves, insulated gloves, neoprene and plastic 1. Did not know hazard existed— This may be from a gloves, and rubber gloves provide protection when lack of experience, inability to recognize a hazardous handling sharp, rough, greasy and hot materials, and condition, a temporary hazard created by a fellow during operations where the hands are directly involved employee, a chain of circumstances or a lack of job with lifting or moving objects. Other special-purpose hand training. protection includes leather wrist and arm sieves, hand mitts 2. Indifference— The individual may know the safe and finger pads. method but may not care. This can be a temporary or HEARING PROTECTION continuing attitude. Supervisors must insist that certain When noise is above acceptable levels and it is impossible standards be met by their employees. to reduce noise output, personal hearing protectors, such 3. Daring— This type of behavior blinds an individual to as ear plugs, ear muffs, sound bands, and molded ear hazards that exist. Such an individual also might be plugs, must be used. This equipment must be worn classified as a clown. There are enough problems on a job properly and kept in good condition to be effective. without clowns. SAFETY HEAD GEAR 4. Poor Work Habits— From doing the same job day For protection from falling or flying objects, moving after day, poor work habits are often formed. Some habits machinery, sharp corners, heat and fire, electric shock, may be formed early in the job and others may be dripping chemicals and unseen dangers, hard hats should developed later. This can be seen when an individual be worn. Hard hats must have sturdy brims, and rigid inner works many years and suddenly becomes an accident suspension to cushion shocks and blows; the may have chin victim. He may have had poor work habits all along and straps and removeable face shields. Hard hats can be the law of averages finally caught up with him. made of plastic, fiberglass or metal. Other head protection 5. Poor Example Set— A new employee may follow the includes bump caps, hair nets and chemical-resistant example of an older employer who has unsafe work hoods. practices or habits. RESPIRATORS 6. Laziness— Everyone is lazy; its the degree that Respirators should be worn if inhalation hazards are becomes critical. present in the workplace. Respirators are used where there 7. Hoste— The desire to get something done fast can is dust, paint spray, fumes, smoke and mists. In hazardous cause an injury or an unrealistic speed up on the job. working conditions, self-contained breathing apparatuses 8. Temper— Impatience or lack of emotional control are required. Instructors should demonstrate to employees can lead to an unsafe act. the proper methods of fitting, maintaining and cleaning 9. Physical Failure or Fatigue— The individual may have respirators; practice time should be included. physical limitations; he may be on a job he can not handle OTHER PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT properly. This may be because of poor eyesight or hearing • Life vest when working over or near water. or general poor health. • High visibility clothing for traffic work. 10. Lock of Training On the Job.— This can be the most • Life lines and safety belts for iron and utility line glaring cause. A supervisor should be certain that each workers. employee knows his job; if an employee does not, the • Rubber, plastic and leather aprons to protect from supervisor is failing in his job. Lack of job training is a acid and chemical splashes. handicap. A supervisor has a reponsibility to the company • Insulation suits for protection from fire and heat. in carrying out necessary job training. • Leaded clothing for protection against X-rays. Credit: •‘Divots”. Vol. 33, No. 5, July, 1983 5 A nominating committee has been appointer! by the Board of Directors. This committee is chaired by Dave Longfield with Leon Powell, John LaBoskey, Harold Birtles and Joe Burda, as the other members. If any of you would like to become active in our Association and to help guide its future direction, now is the time to contact this committee. Every Association needs input and by being a member of the Board, you will be able to offer your recommendations where it will be heard. Three Board members will be elected from Class A and Class B members to serve for a term of three years. The three members whose terms are expiring are Tom Courtemanche, Robert McElheny and Tuck Tate. A Class G member must also be elected to the Board for a term of two years. Nothing prevents these people from serving another term except in the case of Tuck Tate, who must go off the Board. Our By-Laws states that no one may serve more than two terms without a break of one year and Tuck has been on the Board since inception in 1971. Tom Reed is the Class G member whose term is expiring and he too may be reelected to another term. Election of Board members will take place at our annual meeting in September at Lakewood Shores. Nominations may also be made from the floor at that time, prior to election or balloting. It will be a secret ballot. #• It- «• -¡Hi# # #■>(■•«• it- -»r -it- -it -if- •>'<• ic -K- # -iHi- -it- «■ •«- Western Michigan Golf Day, A man best ball, full handicap, entry fee $240.00 per team, includes shotgun start 8:30 A.M. or 1:30 P.M., Buffet lunch between shotguns, golf carts, hors d’oeuvres - cocktail hour, dinner at 7:30 P.4. Anyone interested, send check payable to Chris Fochtman, 88 King Blvd., Sparta, Mi. 4-93^5 SEPTEMBER 10, 1984 ‘ CASCADE HILLS COUNTRY CLUB Benefit Mich. State U. Turfgrass Research ##* * #### # * -H- •)<■* ->r ## * tt-tt- it- it- -it *#»###*#*####*#»*##*#»######### For Sale: New, Red Rider, Electric Start, 8 H.P. Kohler Engine, $2000.00 Tuck Tate 352-4101 it- #*###**# * -it -it * if- O# -if -it- -it- # -ii- it * -M- -it- # -ib -it- -X- ii- -M- -if- * -if- «• Crosswind — Use one less lofted club than usual. Tee ball on side Golf Tips from which wind is blowing and play that side of fairway. Ciose Lie — Play back slightly. Weight on left leg. Hit down and Chip Shot — Shot swing. Play ball towards center of stance. Hands thru. Do not try to scoop ball. Let loft of clubface do lifting. close to body. Knees bent. Use shoulders and fingertips. Avoid Sidehill Lie — Ball lower than feet. Aim to left of target. Grip at end flipping the wrists. of shaft and stand closer to ball to accommodate a more upright Uphill Slope — Wide open club face. Open stance and swing far swing. outside-in. The ball must be played to clear the top of the mound. Sidehill Lie — Ball above feet. Aim further right to allow for difference. Grip farther down shaft for flatter, baseball like swing Downhill Lie — Open Stance. Ball back from left foot. Aim to left to plane. allow for slice. Use at least one club longer than normal lie. Flip Shot — Wide open Clubface. Maximum wrist action. Open Wet Grounds — Be certain to hit ball first, just below center. Club stance. Hands counter clockwise. Never try off hard ground. must hit ground after the ball is in flight. Uphill Lie — Stance closed. Play ball towards center of stance. Aim High Grass — Firm up your grip. Very upright swing. Strike ball as ball to right to allow for hook. Use at least one club longer than vertical as possible. Open clubface wide so that it becomes square on normal lie. impact. Hit ball before ground. Sand Trap — Imbed feet deeply. Open stance. Open face club. Putting — Putts will run faster with grain, slower against. Crossgrain Weight forward on left foot. Break wrists. putts will break with the grain just as on a sidehill slope. Never move head or body during stroke. Against Wind For Distance — Play ball further back. Shut face slightly. Shorter, stiff wrist action. More weight on left foot. Hit With Wind For Distance — Play ball forward. Open face slightly. down and through. Hands over clubhead. Hit ball a low point of swing. Increase wrist action. More weight on right foot. Sand Trap Buried Ball — Closed club face. Ball played back. Hit through with smooth unhurried stroke. Courtesy of Johns-Manville Pipe Systems 6