Northwest TURFGRASS TOPICS
VOL. 14, NO. 2

25th Annual

Northwest

SEPTEMBER 21. 22. 23. 24
General Chairman - Roy L. Goss

TUESDAY - SEPTEMBER 21,1971 AFTERNOON:
1:00 -

Product and Equipment displays open
for conference attendance.

1:00 -

Golf Tournament — Suntides Golf
Course — Tournament Chairman —
Dick Schmidt.

WEDNESDAY - SEPTEMBER 22,1971 MORNING:
9:00 -

1:00 Registration-Dick Haskell-Chairman

9:00 -

1:00 Product and Equipment display open.

AFTERNOON:
1:15 -

1:30 -

1:30 Welcome - Tom Keel, President,
Northwest Turfgrass Association and a
representative from the City of Yakima.
2:10 Environmental Quality Control
Let's do it right. Gordon L. Culp, Manager, Water & Waste Management,
Water & Land Resources Department,
Batelle, Richland, Washington.

2:10 - 3:00 Twenty-five years of Progress in Turfgrass Science. Charles G. Wilson, Milwaukee Sewerage Commission, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
3:00 - 3:20 Break
3:20 - 4:00 Economizing in Park Operation and
Maintenance. Charles R. Schrader, Assistant Superintendent of Parks, City
of Seattle, Washington.
4:00 - 4:30 Seed Testing for Quality - Your protection. Robert Eschbach. Chief, Seed
Branch, Washington State Department
of Agriculture, Yakima, Washington.
4:30 - 6:00 Product and Equipment displays.
6:45 - 7:30 Social hour
7:45 -

Evening events and "Luau"

T H U R S D A Y - SEPTEMBER 23, 1971 MORNING:
8:30 - 9:10 Money, Machinery and Management.
W. H. Bengeyfield, Western Director,
U.S.G.A. Green Section, Garden Grove,
California.

PUYALLUP, WASHINGTON

Turfgrass

AUGUST, 1971

Conference

CHINOOK MOTEL AND TOWER, YAKIMA
Product and Display Chairman - Ron Proctor

9:10 - 9:50 Aquatic Weed Control. Dr. R. D.
Comes, Plant Physiologist, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Irrigated
Agriculture Research & Extension Center, Prosser, Washington.
9:50 - 10:10 Break
10:10 - 10:50 Turfgrass Varieties and Hybrids The Old and The New for the Future.
Dr. D. K. Taylor, Canada Department
of Agriculture, Research Station, Agassiz, British Columbia.
10:50 - 11:30 Weed Control in New Turfgrass Plantings. R. M. Adamson, Canada Department of Agriculture, Research Station,
Saanichton, British Columbia.
11:30 - 12:10 Northwest Turfgrass Association Membership meeting.
12:10 -

1:15 Lunch (no host)

AFTERNOON:
1:15 -

2:30 Keeping Turfgrasses Clean. A panel
discussion — Charles G. Wilson, Milt
Bauman, Bill Bengeyfield, Frank Zook,
Charles J. Gould.

2:30 -

Free time — Displays — Golf - Etc.

FRIDAY - SEPTEMBER 24, 1971 MORNING:
8:30 - 9:00 Biological and Mechanical Thatch Control. Dr. Roy L. Goss, WWREC, Puyallup, Washington.
9:00 - 10:00 Turfgrass Irrigation.
1. Irrigation Central Control, D. A.
Hogan, D. A. Hogan & Assoc. Professional Engineers, 1703 Dexter
Ave. N., Seattle, Wa.
2. Where have we been in irrigation?
Carl H. Kuhn, C. H. Kuhn & Assoc.
Professional Engineers, Mercer Island, Washington.
3. Application of Fertilizers through
Irrigation Systems, John Pierce,
Joe Berger Co., Seattle, Wa.
10:00 - 10:20 Break
10:20 - 12:00 Research Reports
12:00 noon

Conference adjourned.

FROM THE
PRESIDENT'S CORNER

IN THE G O O D OLD SUMMERTIME
By Roy L• Goss
Sunbathers and sun worshipers on the beaches
look upon hot weather as the good old summertime.
Hot weather is necessary for the growth of many
agricultural crops provided water is not limited. T o
the turf manager, however, hot weather in not particularly good news. This has been particularly true
for turf managers in the Pacific Northwest this year.
The types of turf problems which have occurred
during this summer are not new to us but we tend to
forget from year to year, what to expect and how to
stay one jump ahead of them.
ANALYZING

TOM KEEL

The 25th annual Northwest Turfgrass Association
Conference is scheduled for September 23, 24 and 25
at the Chinook Hotel in Yakima. An interesting program, suitable for the 25th anniversary, has been
arranged by the Board of Directors and Conference
Committee. A new feature this year will be an equipment display which should be interesting as we are
always anxious to learn of new and better ways of
maintaining turf areas.
I hope that all of you will be able to attend the
Conference to renew acquaintenances and exchange
Ideas. See you at Yakima.

SPECIAL CONFERENCE NOTICE
Be sure to bring your wife to the Turf Conference
at Yakima this year. Besides having a women's program, which' will include some interesting tours and
plenty of activity, there will be a Luau in the place
of a banquet. The Chinook Motel and Towers has
a specialist who has had extensive training in Hawaii
in putting on Luau's and this promises to be a special
occasion. The men should bring along Aloha shirts
or just anything comfortable and the women can wear
Mumuu's or comfortable, loose fitting dresses. The
weather should cooperate and the Luau will be under
the stars.

OUR

SITUATION

The spring and early summer of 1971 were extremely wet and cold. Frosts occurred in certain areas
of the Inland Empire as late as July. Eastern W a s h ington, Oregon and Idaho experienced heavier than
usual rainfall until the middle of July. Western W a s h ington, Oregon and British Columbia were hit, likewise. Many felt that there would be no more summer
this year. This suddenly changed; and, this sudden
change is the principle factor that brought on our
present problems. Although it was wet and cold during
June and part of July, we did not have excessive
rainfall over and above evapotranspiration most of
the time. This left some of our turfgrass areas with
moisture less than field capacity. W h e n the hot days
hit, it was a matter of only one day to one week (depending upon soil type and depth) that turf started
browning. Careful inspection with a soil tube or other
device would have revealed what was going on beneath the turf. Runoff on high spots created conditions
for browning a little earlier than adjacent areas. If
you wish to keep all areas green then you must
treat the high spots earlier in the season with thorough
aerification, slicing, or wetting agents, or all three.
If you don't mind a few brown spots, then simply
treat the high spots the same as the rest of the area.
But, under no circumstances should you try to maintain green turf on all high spots at the expense of
the low-lying areas without the special methods indicated above.
Fertilizing during hot weather resulted in damage
throughout our area. Fertilizers of all types except
the pure organic ones, produced some injury. The real
thinking turf manager r kept the rates down lower
during the hot period. The cautious type never applied anything except organic sources or slow release
urea formaldahyde material. Turf rarely shows extreme nutrient deficiencies for a period of 30-45 days
if it were in a high state of nutrition prior to fertilizer cut off. Some nitrogen from slow release sources
may be applied even during hot weather to maintain
some color, but more important than fertilizer during
this time, is water and aerification.
(Continued on Page 7)

Disease Resistance Work Initiated
During the summer of 1971, 32 seeded and 18
stolonized turfgrass varieties have been established
at the Western Washington Research and Extension
Center at Puyallup for the purpose of studying disease resistance. It is hoped that some of these varieties may possibly show high resistance to Fusarium
patch disease. There is evidence from previous observation that there is a difference in disease susceptability from various bentgrass varieties.

Keep
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These plots will be managed much the same as golf
course putting greens in an effort to duplicate currently accepted management practices.

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The selections being tested are collections from
all over the world, many of which are being introduced
on the market today.
These plots will be observed for all diseases common
to the Pacific Northwest while at the same time data
will be taken in regard to texture, color and other
qualities for putting green tu; L T h e plots, according
to Dr. Gould, may be observed at any time that you
may be visiting the experiment station.

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Nutritional and Fungicidal
Tests for Ophiobolus Control

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pepperweed, hawkweed, creeping charlie, spotted
spurge, and many others.

By Dr. Roy
MATERIALS

AND

M.

Davidson,

Jr.

METHODS

In October 1970, a test to control Ophiobolus Patch
disease already established in bentgrass putting turf
was initiated at W S U ' s Farm 5 near Sumner. T h e
disease was active in all plots when the test was
begun.
TREATMENTS WERE:
1. Benlate (Benomyl), 2 oz./1,000 sq. ft./application
2. Fore, 8 oz./lOOO sq. ft./application.
3. Ammonium sulfate, 1 lb. N/1000 sq. ft./ application.
4. Chlordane, 3 lbs. active/acre/application
5. Ammonium sulfate plus chlordane, at above rates.
6. Lime, 1 ton per acre initially.
7. Phosphorus, H P O at 2 lbs. P/1000 sq. ft./year.
8. Sulfur, 2 lbs./1000 sq. ft./yr.
9. Phosphorus plus sulfur, at above rates.
lirea, 1 lb. N/1000 sq. ft./application, was applied
to all plots except controls and those receiving ammonium sulfate. Ammonium sulfate and urea were applied
once every three weeks except during January and
February. Benlate and Fore were applied once every
two weeks for 12 weeks. Chlordane was applied
once every three months. Phosphorus was applied
once every four months. Sulfur was applied in fall
and spring. P and S applications were separated by
at least 10 days. Lime was applied initially in August
1970. Ammonium sulfate, lime and urea were broadcast within the ^appropriate plots, and the remaining
treatments were applied with a sprayer at the rate
of 10 gallons of water per 1000 sq. ft. Each treatment
plot was 50 sq. ft. and was replaced four times. There
were eight control plots, none of which received any
chemicals or fertilizers. Treatment plots and controls
were randomized.
(Continued on Page 5)

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Tests for Ophiobolus Control

Table 2. Color ad density rating of bentgrass putting
turf infected by Ophiobolus graminis as in~
fluenced by various chemical treatments.

(Continued from Page 4)
RESULTS
In early November, Ophiobolus rings in plots treated
with ammonium sulfate plus chlordane began to fill
in with grass. Plots containing ammonium sulfate
alone were almost as healthy as those in which chlordane plus ammonium sulfate had been used. Other
treatments had no effect on control of the disease.
By early February, Ophiobolus rings had completely
filled in the plots treated with ammonium sulfate
plus Chlordaije. Most of the rings had filled in, in
the plots treated with ammonium sulfate alone.
In early March, plots treated with Fore had most of
the rings filled in. In late March, Ophiobolus patches
began filling in in plots treated with phosphorus plus
sulphur.
By mid-April, rings had filled in in all plots treated
with ammonium sulfate, and Fore, and in most plots
treated with phosphorus plus sulfur, and sulfur alone
(Table 1.)
In mid-May, the plots were rated for color and density
(Table 2.)
Table 1. Disease rating of bentgrass putting turf infected by Ophiobolus graminis as influenced
by various chemical treatments.
Treatment

Average Disease R a t i n g 4 ^
Oct.
1970

Benlate
Fore
Ammonium sulfate
Chlordane
Ammonium sulfate plus Chlordane
Lime
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Phosphorus plus sulfur
Control
X I 1 = Worst, no rings filled in; 10
filled in; ave. of 4 reps.

Dec.
1970

April
1971

1
3
5
10
3
1
1
7
10
4
1
3
1
8
10
1
1
3
8
3
1
1
4
9
1
3
9
2
1
1
— best, rings

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Treatment

Average Color/Density .Rating XL

Benlate
Fore
Ammonium sulfate
Chlordane
Ammonium sulfate plus chlordane
Lime
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Phosphorus plus sulfur
Control
worst; 10 =

8/8
9/9
10/10
7.5/7
10/10
6/6.5
7/7
9/9
9.5/10
5/5

best; average 4 replications.

DISCUSSION
Compounds containing sulfur are most effective in
control of Ophiobolus Patch of turf. Ammonium sulfate plus Chlordane was the best treatment, producing
the quickest response. Ammonium sulfate by itself
was almost as good. Applications of Fore did not
begin to control the disease until several months
following the last application. This may have been
because the amount of sulfur needed to control the
disease had accumulated only after six applications
of the fungicide.
The exact mode of action of sulfur on Ophiobolus
Patch disease is not known. It may act on the fungus
directly, or it may act indirectly to enhance activity
of soil organisms antagonistic to Ophiobolus graminis
by changes in soil PH or in other ways. Lime was one
of the least effective treatments, indicating that soil
P H influences the development of the disease.
Since Chlordane was not effective by itself, its combination with ammonium sulfate may have had an
influence on antagonistic soil microorganisms greater
than the influence of ammonium sulfate (sulfur) alone.
Dr. Roy M. Davidson, Jr., earned the B. A. degree
in botany from Oregon State University in 1961. He
then served four years* active duty with the United
States Navy, and was released at the rank of Lieutenant. Dr. Davidson then returned to O. SJU., where
he received the M. S. degree in plant patbo!ogy in
1967. He received the PhD degree in plant pathology from Washington State University in 1971.
Since July 1970, he has been employed at the Western
Washington Research and Extension Center in
Puyallup.
Editors note - Dr. Davidson has cooperated with
Pathology, Agronomy, Horticulture, and Entomology
this last year by handling a large volume of phone
calls, office visits, specimen examinations and identification. He has been most valuable to the people
of Western Washington in this capacity.

Fusarium Patch Test
Scheduled For this Fall

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Phone: 2 0 6 / 6 9 4 - 3 6 5 4

Extensive tests will be conducted in the fall of
1971 for the control of Fusarium patch disease of
turfgrasses. Dr. C. J. Gould in cooperation with Dr.
Goss and V. L. Miller, will conduct tests at three
different sites. Identical tests will be conducted at
the Western Washington Research and Extension
Center Form No. 5, Rainier Golf and Country Club,
and Earlington Golf Course.
Emphasis will be placed on investigating the effect
of non-mercurial fungicides. Since mercury fungicides
cause a build up of mercury in soil, all efforts are
being made to satisfactorily replace mercury with
suitable materials. Previous trials have shown that
Fore, Dithane M45, and Benlate are successful replacements for mercury. It is anticipated that testing
at three locations will place more confidence in the
results of these tests while enhancing the possibilities
of greater disease infestation. More information will
be released about this as results become available.

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IN THE G O O D OLD SUMMERTIME
(Continued
SUMMER

from Page 2)

IRRIGATION

Most of us are inclined to put too much water
than not enough. A slight amount of over-watering
is rarely detectable but a slight amount of underwatering can be seen by everyone. Over irrigation
and compacted soils or heavy soils can result in poor
oxygen relationships and increased carbon dioxide
levels in the soil. This brings on poor vigor or shallow
rooting. It is still recommended that the soil profile
where roots exist, be wet upon each irrigation and
re-wet only when most of this water, or at least 50%
has been removed. Light frequent watering may not
be a problem for some people, but how do you interpret light frequent watering? If we interpret this
as replacing only what was used out yesterday, then
the system could function very well. If we exceed
yesterday's use, however, we can develop scummy,
soft surfaces, that are worse than slightly dry ones.
The best and quickest way to develop algae is to
practice light, frequent overwatering.
AERIFICATION
W e have recommended for a long time to aerify
during the summer for the following purposes.
1. Chiefly to allow more and rapid oxygen diffusion
into the root zone.
2. Allow faster and more effective water infiltration.
3. Soften putting green surfaces.
Heavy soils or compacted soils must be aerified
early in the season while ample soil moisture exists*
When the soils become dry, aerifier penetration is
practically nil. In this case, vertical mulching or slicing
is more effective and will aid in water penetration.
Many golf superintendents practice occasional summer aerification and topdressing. Little has been said
about this in the past, but from observations of
problems which occurred in 1971, summer top dressing
would be strongly discouraged. Many putting greens
sustained damage following top dressing. This did
not occur on putting greens which were stolonized
during this time. The chief difference is in the mowing height and vigor of the turf at the time topdressing was applied. Greens that were aerified without topdressing, are coming through in excellent condition and even those that were very lightly topdressed with aerifying, were not damaged.

if properly done, bentgrass greens can be aerified at
any time. Bentgrass greens, in rapid summer decline
have been saved by aerification, even though temperatures were well over 90%F. Prevention of drying
around the holes is critical for a few days after summer aerification." He further states that aerification
during the period of peak Poa annua seed germination
should be avoided if at all possible as it provides a
better seedbed and encourages germination. This is
the reason why we in the Northwest have recommended pre-emergence herbicide application in early fall
about the time of Poa annua germination. Dr. Youngner proceeds to discuss many other important points
related to coring, spiking, and slicing, and it would
be advisable for all of you to read this excellent
article.
In summary, I would advise the following procedures for any other year and possibly for the remainder of this year.
1. Avoid excessive applications of nitrogen and potassium. Light applications, 1/3 lb. af actual of
either element per 1,000 sq. ft. in any application
will produce no injury-if watered immediately.
2. Check soil moisture frequently to avoid both over
and under watering.
3. Aerify whenever necessary even in hot summer
weather with the smaller coring tines to maintain
better oxygen relationships.
4. Avoid summer topdressing except for establishing
stolons or lightly topdressing new sod.
5. Maintain vigilance for summer diseases and practice
a maintenance fungicide program. Brown patch
(Rhizoctonia solani) occurred extensively in the
Northwest this summer due to high day time temperatures and many night time temperatures that
never went below 65 degrees F. Fungicide programs
normally practiced for the control of Fusarium
Patch will easily control brown patch.
Once the heat spell has been broken you may
resume normal maintenance and management practices.
It appears that we have those conditions at this time,
however, there will proably be a few days with high
temperatures until the middle or latter part of September.

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as follows: "More recent experience has shown that,

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Officers of the Northwest Turf
Association
Tom Keel ...
.. President
Dick Schmidt

Vice-President

Dick Haskell

Treasurer

Dr. Roy Goss

Exec. Secretary

NORTHWEST TURFGRASS TOPICS is
sponsored by the Northwest Turfgrass
Association and financed through funds
of this organization. Any communications concerning distribution of this paper or association business should be directed to DicH Haskell, 1000 N.E. 135th,
Seattle, Wash. 98125, or Roy L. Goss,
Western Washington Experiment Station, Puyallup, Washington 98371.
Communications concerning content
of this paper should be directed to Dr.
Roy Goss, Editor, Western Washington
Experiment Station, Puyallup, Washington 98371.