NORTHWEST

3
3

The Official Publication of the Northwest Turfgrass Association

45th Northwest Turfgrass Conference
and Exhibition is a Go!
The meeting facilities and golf course are reserved;
speakers are scheduled; exhibitors are booking exhibit
spaces; tour busses are reserved; the cruise boat is chartered; menus are being selected; and, the various lastminute details that go into planning and executing a conference like the 45th NORTHWEST TURFGRASS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION scheduled for Coeurd'Alene,
Idaho, September 16-19,1991 are being finalized.
The first mailing of registration packets was mailed to
NTA members the middle of June. The second and final
mailing to members went out the last week in July. Members
who have misplaced their registration packet and nonmembers who want to obtain registration information should
contact the NTA office.
Suppliers interested in exhibiting at the table-top trade
show who have not already received exhibit registration
materials may obtain them by contacting the NTA office, too.
For further information on the conference or related
activities, contact
NTA
P.O. Box 1367
Olympia, WA 98507
(206) 754-0825

Conference Program Better Than Ever
The program for the conference has been finalized.
It will again include the general and split session (twotrack) format that was so well received at previous annual
conferences. One of the split session tracks will be designed
for golf course personnel while the second track will be
aimed at parks, grounds and athletic field personnel.
Dr. David Minner of the University of Missouri, Nancy
Sadlon of the United States Golf Association, Tom
Hougheam of the Monsanto Corporation, along with some
20 additional outstanding speakers will provide presentations on such topics as: Turfgrass Wear; Golf and the
Environment; Turf and the Environment; Grasses for Sports
Turf; Turfgrass Stress; Effective Weed Control; Sports Turf
Maintenance; Can We Really Maintain Turf Without Synthetic Chemicals; Minimizing Winter Kill/Recovery from Winter
Kill; Motivating Employees; Effective Communication; A
Golfers View of Maintenance; Golf Course Maintenance
Facilities: Endophyte Enhanced Turfgrasses; Solving Winter Turfgrass Problems; Establishing an Organizational Safety
Committee; Effective Nitrogen Fertilization on Necrotic Ring

V o l

^

ummeri99o/9i

No> 4 S

Spot; Fungicide/Nitrogen Movement from Poa/Bentgrass
Turf; Quincolorac-Postemergence Crabgrass/Veronica/
Clover Control and More; Surface Management of Putting
Greens; The 10 Greatest Sins of Golf Course Management;
Enhanced Turfgrass Seed and Seedling Performance by
Solid-Matrix Priming; Evaluating Buffalograss as a Low
Maintenance Turf forthe Pacific Northwest; and more, more,
more!
Oregon, Washington and Idaho pesticide recertification
credits and GCSAA CEUs will be available for program
attendees.
A copy of the complete program is enclosed.

Turfgrass Conference
Golf Tournament
The traditional men's and women's golf tournaments
have been melded into one Turfgrass Conference Golf
Tournament this year. It will be held Monday afternoon,
September 16th, on the newly constructed Coeur d'Alene
Resort Golf Course located on the edge of sparkling Lake
Coeur d'Alene.
The Coeurd'Alene Resort Golf Course was designed by
Scott Miller. Miller's credentials include design work on
Castle Pines Golf Club, Augusta National Golf Club (renovation), two new courses at Westin Hotels in Hawaii and two
courses in Japan. A few of the design features that make this
course popular are: bent grass greens anc/tees and fairways
(encouraging long drives); minimum of four oversized tee
boxes on each hole, providing an equalizer to the different
skill levels of golfers; landscaping with 1,500 wild roses,
1,500 azaleas, 11,000 junipers shrubs, an estimated 40,000
geraniums and other flowering annuals, and several thousand Austrian pines planted around the perimeter of the
course to eliminate outside distractions and noise; an innovative system of concrete cart paths, stretching 4.5 miles
across the course; and, of course, the world's first floating
green weighing over 5 million pounds and 14,000 square
feet of varied terrain ranging from 2 to 8 feet in height.
Transportation from the hotel to the golf course is the
responsibility of each individual golfer, no grouptransportation
is being organized. One option is the complimentary vans
which shuttle golfers to and from the course—if the vans are
not being used for airport limo service. A complimentary 20
passenger shuttle boat departs from the Boardwalk Marina
located immediately in front (lakeside) of the hotel every 20
to 30 minutes. Finally, there is limited parking at the course
for vehicles. Golfers are encouraged to group up if driving to
avert any parking problems.

President's Message
It hardly seems possible that
this year could have gone by as
quickly as it has. My time as president of the NTA is quickly drawing
to a close and the impulse is to try
to look back and determine "what
have YOU accomplished this
year"? To be truthful, I can't think
of any one thing that T have accomplished. That probably is as it
should be as the NTA is not about
Bill Griffith
me or what I can accomplish. It
always needs to be a group effort concentrating on what will
best serve the membership. I am just one "small" person in
a group of people who make up your board of directors,
off icers, and staff of the NTA. It seems sometimes that as we
work on one area and get it working smoothly that two others
pop up and say "help". But the news isn't bad, on the contrary
we are seeing some things that should cause us all to be
proud of the NTA. Our yearly educational conference continues to be one of the very best in the nation, providing a
quality of topics and speakers that make it one of the best
educational values available in the turf industry today.
Membership has increased by almost 100 members this
year, and both research allocations and scholarships have
been given increased funding. Our relationship with other
turf organizations is becoming more positive as we work
together towards common goals. That doesn't mean that the
job is finished or even close. The need for an accurate
assessment of the needs of the membership, an increased
funding base for research and scholarships, and an ever
increasing and diverse membership base will continue to be
the main challenges for future boards.
It has been a privilege to work with this dedicated and
hard working group that make up the Board, Officers, and
Staff of the NTA and I look forward to continuing working with
them. We all are just a representation of "you" the membership and we look forward to listening to your input.
Oh, and should the urge strike you, share with a board
member, officer, or staff person your appreciation of their
efforts.

4th Annual Turfgrass Facilities Tour
The fourth annualconferenceTurfgrass FacilitiesTour
will be conducted Monday, September 16th. The first stop
on this year's tour will be in Coeur d'Alene at Dan Hague's
Commercial Landscape Maintenance. The focal point of
the visit will be their work with mulching mowers and the
restoration and renovation of turf contaminated with Necrotic Ring Spot.
Traveling west on I-90, the next stop will be at the
Jacklin Seed Company in Post Falls where we will be
provided with a tour of their seed operation and turf plots.
Jacklin Seed Company is one of the official sites for the
prestigious National Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass,
bermuda and tall fescue evaluation trials. In addition, they
have over 200,000 plants in their research greenhouse, an
integral part of developing varieties for future professional
user's needs.
Continuing west on I-90 just across the border into
Washington, the Meadowwood Golf Course will be the site

for a tour of some WSU turf plots. This will also provide the
opportunity to see how this new golf course is maturing.
For the final stop on the tour, the group will head back to
Coeur d'Alene and tour the recently opened Coeur d'Alene
Resort Golf Course maintenance facility. This facility represents current (and future) state-of-the-art environmental
compliance, waste management and all other aspects of
golf course maintenance. Maintenance of 5 million pound,
14,000 square foot floating green should be a story in itself,
not to mention the elaborate landscaping and the bentgrass
tees, fairways and greens.

Table-Top Exhibit and
Get-Acquainted Reception
The 15,000 square-foot conference center, offering first
class facilities and uncompromising service in some of the
finest surroundings in the Northwest, will be the setting for
our Monday evening, September 16th, "Get Acquainted"
Reception and Table-top Exhibition. The informal setting
with delectable (hosted) horsd'oeuvres, no-host beverages,
door prize drawings throughout the evening and the chance
to visit with industry suppliers in a casual atmosphere all
make for a fun evening. (Note - a regular or spouse/guest
registrant badge will be required for admission/children will
be admitted with their parents.)

Conference Spouse/Guest Offerings
Monday evening will be the conference kick-off event,
the Get-acquainted Reception and Table-top Exhibition.
This has become a highlight of the conference where
registrants have the opportunity to mingle and renew old
acquaintances and make new ones. The informal setting
with delectable (hosted) horsd'oeuvres, no-host beverages,
door prize drawings throughout the evening and the chance
to visit with industry suppliers in a casual atmosphere all
make for a fun evening. (Note: regular or spouse/guest
registrant badges will be required for admission/children will
be admitted with their parents.)
Tuesday spouses/guests will have the opportunity to
ride the world's longest gondola for a mountain of Fall fun at
legendary Silver Mountain. A16-minute gondola ride whisks
riders 3.1 miles and 3,400 vertical feet from the City of
Kellogg to the ski and summer resort high above the valley
floor. Once at the Mountain Haus, folks may enjoy a mountaintop no-host luncheon, surrounded by the beauty of North
Idaho and spectacular vistas of three states and Canada.
For the adventurous, there is a chairlift ride from Mountain
Haus to the summit of Kellogg Peak (6,300 feet).
Wednesday afternoon there will be an opportunity for
spouses/guests to "show and tell" about their professions,
businesses, hobbies, interests or whatever. Individuals have
already indicated they'll be prepared to share such things as
beauty make-over, skin analysis, jewelry accessories, and
several others are deciding what they will be sharing. That
evening, instead of the traditional annual banquet, there will
be a cruise on Lake Coeur d'Alene with hors d'oeuvres and
refreshments. With the weather Coeur d'Alene offers in the
Fall and one of the most beautiful lakes in the world at the
front door steps, this cruise is a must.

Coeur d'Alene Lodging
Accommodations

For further information about tourist opportunities, area
services and recreation contact:

The Coeur d'Alene Resort setting has been called
"America's Switzerland." Its lake is renowned as one of the
five most beautiful in the world; the resort has been named
"America's Number One Resort" by Conde Nast Traveler
magazine; and U.S. News & World Report has named the
city among the nation's ten best in which to live.
The resort is a full service resort facility with over 338
rooms ("mini homes") most of which have doorbells,
entryways, fireplaces, and separate sleeping and livingdining areas. Some have sunken living rooms, and many
feature oak cabinetry, bars and refrigerators, bay windows
and french doors opening to private lanais.
To make room reservations for the conference, complete and return the enclosed Housing Reservation Form
with the required deposit or call toll free 800-688-5253 in the
US & Canada. The block of rooms reserved by the NTA will
not be held beyond August 15,1991, so don't procrastinate
on making your reservations. After that date, reservations
will be accepted on a "space available" basis only and in the
Fall there normally isn't much of that at The Coeur d'Alene
Resort.
For your convenience, check-in time is 4:00 p.m. Early
arrivals will be accommodated as rooms become available.
For further information regarding housing or Coeur
d'Alene facilities, contact:
The Coeur d'Alene Resort
Caller 7200
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83814-1941
(208) 765-4000
800 688-5253 (Reservations)
Alternate housing (lodging, campgrounds and bed and
breakfast inns) is available in the Coeur d'Alene area. For
information, contact The Greater Coeur d'Alene Convention
and Visitors Bureau at 800 232-4968.

The Greater Coeur d'Alene Convention & Visitors Bureau
Second & Fourth/P.O. Box 1088
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83814
Toll Free 1-800-232-4968 (U.S.)
Toll Free 1-800-544-9855 (Canada)

Getting to the Conference
Spokane International Airport is serviced by nonstop or
one-stop flights from most of the U.S. and Canadian cities.
From there, limousine or all the normal automobile rental
services are available for the 40 mile drive to Coeur d'Alene.
For those driving to Coeur d'Alene, it is located on
Interstate 90 east of Spokane, Washington. The 40 mile
drive from Spokane cuts through some of the most beautiful
scenery in the West ending outside the spectacular 18-story
Coeur d'Alene Resort on the Lake.

Coeur d'Alene Offers Numerous
Recreation Options
While conference registrants are working, there is a
wide variety of activities and recreation opportunities for
family members and guests. The Coeur d'Alene Resort is
located in the heart of a recreational paradise. Hiking trails,
golf, tennis, swimming (indoor and outdoor), jacuzzi spas,
weight rooms; racquetball, steam room and sauna, suntan
salon, brunswick bowling alley (in the hotel), computerized
golf course (in the hotel), fishing, sailing, jet skiing, lake
cruises, museums, historic mining areas, whitewater rafting,
horseback riding, canoeing, the world's longest floating
boardwalk, and more.

The Coeur d'Alene Resort on the Lake
Caller 7200
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83814
Toll Free 1-800-688-5253 (Reservations)
(208) 765-4000
For further information on the conference or related
activities, contact:
NTA
P.O. Box 1367
Olympia, Washington 98507
(206)754-0825

Scott has the
answer to minor
element deficiencies
in turf

To provide your turf with all the major
nutrients along with selected micronutrientsmagnesium, sulfur, copper, iron, manganese,
molybdenum and zinc-and to prevent
deficiencies from occurring, incorporate
ProTurf 26-4-13 Fertilizer with Minors in
your fertilizing program.
Ask your ProTurf
Tech Rep for details.
Don Clcmans

(503) 549-3933
Mark Jones

(509) 255-6033
Rick Stycr

(206) 859-6610

26-4-13
fertilizer

wrtn Minors
SSSC"-^

topr^

1991/92 Association Directory
to be Distributed Soon

Board Director Nominations

TheDIRECTORYOFTHENORTHWESTTURFGRASS
ASSOCIATION FOR 1991/92 will be mailed out in the next
few weeks to members of the association. This publication
is provided as a membership benefit to the members of the
association annually.
This year's publication includes listings of: association
officers, board and committee members; active, student and
lifetime honorary members; and, past presidents. Other
information included in the directory are listings of turfgrass
industry associations and publications; and, turfgrass, plant
management and soils information and technical information references.
Efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of all the
directory information; however, mistakes will undoubtedly
occur. Please check your own listing and let us know if there
are any corrections necessary.

1991 Membership Certificates
Membership certificates for 1991 are being mailed with
the annual directories. Members that should receive certificates include: regular, student and honorary members. If
you do not receive a certificate and think you should, contact
the NTA Office.

The Nominations Committee, chaired by Immediate
Past President William Johnston, has selected a slate of
nominees for three board of director positions that become
vacant at the 1991 annual meeting of the members.
Nominations of directors candidates may either come
from the Nominations Committee or via a written nomination
endorsed by not less than fifteen (15) active members of the
association. Such written nominations must be received in
the NTA office at least twenty-five (25) days before the date
of the annual membership meeting (September 18,1991).
Nominations cannot be accepted from the floor at the annual
membership meeting, so anyone interested in running for a
director position should either contact the nominations committee chair or prepare to submit a written nomination as
prescribed above.
Vacancies on the board of directors are filled by vote of
the members present at the annual membership meeting
conducted during the annual conference. Board directors
are elected for three year terms.
Nominees for the three open positions to be filled at the
1991 annual meeting of the members are as follows:
Jon Hooper Position B-2 (term 9/90-9/93)
Grounds Manager
(University of Washington)
Tim Werner Position C-1 (term 9/91-9/94)
Grounds Supervisor
(Whitman College)
(Continued on page 5)

Hunter SPRINKLERS
EFFICIENT IRRIGATION
For Large Turf Areas
The Hunter 1-40 is a versatile sprinkler suited
for large turf areas. It has five interchangeable
nozzles to vary the discharge rate from 10.2 to 27.5
GPM, and allows the user to match precipitation
rates. The radius ranges from 52 to 74'.
The 1-40 is available with an adjustable arc,
which may be set from 40° - 3 6 0 ° for efficient
c o v e r a g e . A fixed, full c i r c l e model is also
available.
Features
• Stainless Steel Riser
• Drain Check Valve (Up to 15')
• Full Five-Year Exchange Warranty

Dick Bean, District Manager • 206-365-1713

Hunter

The Irrigation Innovators

1940 Diamond St • San Marcos, CA 92069 • 619 / 744-5240 • FAX 619 / 744-7461

The 1-40 ADS
Adjustable from
40° to 360°

Board Director Nominations
Continued from page 4

Donald Clemans
Position C-2 (term 9/91 -9/94)
Technical Representative
(O.M. Scott & Sons)

NTA Scholarships
Awarded for 1991/92
Tom Wolff, NTA Research/Scholarship Fund Committee chairperson, announced the recipients of the 1990/91
NTA Turfgrass Management Scholarships as follows:
OSU
Jim Peterson $750
OSU
Paul Backman $500
WSU
Chris Burrows $750
Jim Peterson is currently a junior at Oregon State
University majoring in Turf Management. He has an accumulative grade point of 4.0 in his major field. Paul Backman
is a senior at Oregon State University majoring in Turf
Management and maintaining a 3.3 grade average in his
major field. Chris Burrows is a graduate student at WSU
majoring in agronomy maintaining a 3.9 GPA in his major
field of study.
Scholarship recipients are determined through an application and screening process conducted by the NTA Research/Scholarship Fund Committee. The committee screens
each applicant's application and references then prepares a
report for the NTA Board of Directors regarding those
applicants they would recommend receive scholarships.
The NTA Board of Directors then acts on those recommendations giving final approval to the awarding of a
scholarship.

1991 Turfgrass Summerfest
Enjoyed By All
The third annual NTA Turfgrass Summerfest was enjoyed by all who participated. Some fifty golfers participated
in the R.L. Goss Golf Tournament for Research hosted by
the Tumwater Valley Golf Club. Tumwater Valley did an
excellent job hosting the tournament. The course was in
great shape and the food was outstanding. Many thanks to
Tumwater Valley.
The WSU Field Day at WSU's Farm 5 outside Puyallup
was attended by as many or more than they have ever had
for past field days. Attendance at this event is growing
annually. Stan Brauen and the WSU staff did an excellent job
preparing for and conducting the program, as usual.
The NTA Equipment Show and luncheon hosted by
High Cedars Golf Club had a mixed reception. A good share
of the field day attendees went down to the golf course forthe
luncheon but the numbers at the equipment show were less
than expected.
The NTA Board of Directors, along with the WSU staff,
will be reviewing the future of the summerfest at its August
board meeting. Any thoughts or suggestions members or
suppliers may have would be sincerely appreciated. Give
the NTA office a call.

1991/92 Turfgrass Topics
Advertising Space Available
Invitations to advertise in the 1991/92 (October 1991September 1992) quarterly issues of the NORTHWEST
TURFGRASS TOPICS will be mailed to potential advertisers this next month. The invitations will also be mailed to nonsupplier members of the association with hopes that they will
pass the information on to suppliers they work with regularly.
Advertisers have made it possible for NTA to produce
the quality, informative quarterly publication we have been
receiving these past few years. We thank those who have
advertised in the past and hope they will continue to advertise
in the future.

Turfgrass Research
in the West
by Dr. William Johnston, Agronomy and Soils,
Washington State University

Turfgrass research has been conducted at western
universities for many years. Many of the turfgrass management practices in common use today were first developed
in the research laboratories and at the experiment station
field plots of these universities. The following report highlights
recent efforts of these research programs. Readers are
encouraged to attend local field days and turf conferences
and to contact listed turfgrass personnel for information
concerning specific practices and recommendations.
Species and Cult'ivar Development
Despite its many positive characteristics, zoysiagrass
has not achieved the popularity of other turfgrass species.
However, the desirable "minimum maintenance" characteristics of zoysiagrass have led to zoysiagrass improvement
programs at several universities. Ali Harivandi has made the
following observations on the zoysiagrass trial at the U.C.
Field Station in Santa Clara, California. 'Korean Common'
germination was very slow and plots were severely infested
with both summer and winter annual weeds. Nevertheless,
seedling were very aggressive growers and by the second
season covered the entire plot. Sodded 'El Toro' performed
well, however, it is coarse textured and light colored. Experimental cultivars from Texas and 'Sun Burst' exhibited
the fastest lateral growth. Weed control was a problem in
seeded cultivars and due to heavy mat production, mowing
the finer textured zoysiagrasses with a rotary mower does
not provide a quality turf.
Harivandi is also evaluating 44 cultivars of fine-leaf
fescue at the Santa Clara location. When grown as
monostands in full sun and mowed, he found no cultivar
produced acceptable turf throughout the year in the San
Francisco Area. Most cultivars exhibited high temperature
stress during the summer and were prone to summer
diseases (no fungicides were used in the trial). All cultivars
performedwellduringthe winterand, ingeneral, hardfescue
cultivars out-performed both red and Chewing's fescues.
Common and hybrid bermudagrass are well adapted for
turfgrass use in much of California. They are resource
efficient grasses and are resistant to most peats. However
their widespread use is restricted by winter dormancy. At the
University of California, Riverside, Vic Gibeault, et al. are
evaluating the winter color of bermudagrass for use in
(continued on page 6)

Turfgrass Research in the West
Continued from page 5

southern California. Of 32 cultivars evaluated, hybrid
bermudagrasses retained color better than the common
types. Of the hybrids, 'Santa Ana', Tifway', Tifway II', and
'MSB10' gave the best winter color.
Arden Baltensperger has retired at New Mexico State
University but continues to be involved on a "part time" basis.
MNSU research indicates that 'NuMex', 'Sahara', and several experimental strains continue to score betterforturfgrass
quality than other seeded varieties tested. Additional work
by Baltensperger and G. J. Cluff indicates that an increase
in bermudagrass seed yield is possible through plant genetics
and breeding.
Sports Turf
Steve Cockerham et al. at the University of California,
Riverside, conducted a study to quantify the injury that
occurs to a football field during a game. They used this data
to evaluate cultivars and management practices. The elite
perennial ryegrasses were very tolerant of football-type
traffic in southern California. There were no differences in
performance among the top 40 cultivars tested. Common
bermudagrass overseeded with perennial ryegrass, tall
fescue, annual ryegrass, roughstock bluegrass, Chewing's
fescue and creeping red fescue were submitted to simulated
cleated-shoe traff ic. Perennial ryegrass was the most tolerant
and tall fescue was the second most tolerant species tested.
An established stand of tall fescue was treated with
nitrogen fertilizer at three rates with nitrogen fertilizer at three
rates and submitted to three rates of traffic. Thatch thickness
in all treatments decreased with an increase in traffic.
Increasing nitrogen increased the traffic tolerance. Turf
hardness, as measured by a penetrometer, increased with
an increase in traffic.
Water
Water use and water conservation continue to be important issues for turfgrass managers. A recent University of
California Extension Service publication in California
Turfgrass Culture vol. 40 by Ali Harivandi and Vic Gibeault
on "Managing Turfgrasses During Drought" gives many
excellent and practical turfgrass management techniques
for use during drought.
At the University of Arizona, D. J. Garrot and Charles
Mancino are determining the minimum water requirement of
fairway bermudagrass in southern Arizona. Total water use
for Tifgreen', 'Midiron', and Texturf-10' was 32", 31H, and
37M, respectively. The high water use of Texturf-10 is due to
overseeding with perennial ryegrass. The water use reported represented, on average, 60% of predicted ET. Fifty
percent, 30% and 20% of total water use was from the first,
second and third foot of soil, respectively. Turf quality was
acceptable or better than acceptable in all plots. They also
reported that nitrate-N accumulated to fairly high levels
(greater than 100 ppm) due to reduced top growth of turf
between irrigation events.
Fertility
Recently the turfgrass industry has been suspect of
threatening environmental quality by the use of nitrogen,
major nutrients, and pesticides to maintain turf in high quality
condition and appearance. At Washington State University,
Stan Brauen, Gwen Stahnke, and co-workers have been
evaluating the efficiency of N source on growth and quality

of bentgrass in putting green turf in a multiple lysimeter study
conducted over several years. They found, on average, that
55% of the N applied was removed in the clippings. However, 70% of the 34% of the N was removed in the clippings
from plots of ammonium sulfate and urea formaldehyde,
respectively. Due to the high N rates used in the study,
nitrates were detected in the lysimeter leachates above the
minimum U.S. water standard on many occasions and from
all N sources. However, these researchers believe that
nitrates can be controlled in sand greens and athletic turf by
selected use of N products, more frequent light applications
(even of slow release sources), and by the use of combination
products.
Pests and Pesticides
Gary Chastagner et al., at Washington State University,
is evaluating the susceptibility of bluegrass cultivars in the
NTEP Kentucky bluegrass trial to Necrotic Ring Spot disease.
Seventy-two bluegrasses have been inoculated with three
isolates of Leptosphaeria korrae and preliminary indications
are that there are differences in the susceptibility of the
bluegrass cultivars to the different isolates. This research
will continue over the next several years.
Bill Johnston and Charles Golob at Washington State
University recently concluded several years' work with the
herbicide Acclaim (manufactured by Hoechst Roussel AgriVet) . Several conclusions cou Id be drawn from their research:
(1) Acclaim and their experimental compound HOE46360
(single isomer of Acclaim) gave excellent postemergence
control of crabgrass control, and (3) high rates of Acclaim
(0.32 lb. a.i./A) and experimental compounds HOE4636018H and HOE46360-05H may result in slightly unacceptable
injury to well maintained actively growing mature bluegrass
up to two weeks after application.
Cultural Practices
Turf cultivation by core aerification has many beneficial
and few negative effects on turf. Thatch control, relieved soil
surface compaction, improved water infiltration, and improved
surface aeration and rooting are often observed. However,
core aerification may enhance injury to stress, increase
weed establishment, disrupt the surface quality, and possibly
slow water infiltration through soil below the depth of core
cultivation. Reduced water infiltration may occur through the
development of a zone of increased soil density just below
the depth of tine penetration. A compaction zone, if present,
may be dissimilar between hollow-tine coring (HTC) and
solid-tine coring (STC) due to differences in downward
forces imposed by tine structure on soils. To study this issue,
Stan Brauen at WSU has been evaluating solid and hollow
tine aerification on thatch development, soil infiltration rate,
and soil bulk density.
Brauen reports that thatch dry weight and depth was not
changed by method of coring, but did decrease as number
of annual core aerifications increased. Soil bulk density
below the depth of tine penetration was not significantly
changed by method but increased numerically as the number
of corings increased. Field saturated hydraulic conductivity
was reduced by coring but STC retained the ability of soil to
conduct water through the soil area 4" below the turf surface
to a greater extent than HTC.
In the Pacific Northwest, winterdesiccation of turf causes
extensive loss of turf, particularly on elevated, exposed
putting greens. Bill Johnston and Charles Golob, at Wash(Continued on page 7)
Turfgrass Topics/Summer1990-91

Turfgrass Research in the West
Continued from page 6

ington State University, have been evaluating the use of a
protective turf cover in combination with PGRs to suppress
excessive spring plant growth under the cover while maintaining high turfgrass quality during the early spring on
bentgrass putting greens. Preliminary results indicate that
application of PGRs (0.37 lb. a.i./A mefluidide or 0.51. a.i./A
flurprimidol) just prior to permanent snow cover can provide
improved spring turf quality without an unmanageable surge
of spring growth.
Source: Parks & Grounds Mgt. (7/91)

TURF-SEED PRODUCTS

ARE DISTRIBUTED IN THE
NORTHWEST BY 'THE CHIEF'

Norm Whitworth

Washington State Turfgrass Fertilizer
and Pesticide Survey
by Gwen Stahnke and Stan Brauen

The public attention has been focused on the application
of pesticides and fertilizers to golf course, home lawn and
public park areas. These applications have been implicated
as possible sources of groundwater contamination since
they are so visible, but there is no documentation behind
these allegations. The EPA and DOE have attempted to
extrapolate from the pesticide usage in California to estimate
products and quantities of products applied in the state of
Washington. This is not an accurate comparison due to the
varying climatic conditions and species of grasses used in
both of these regions.
In order to clarify this discrepancy, a survey of fertilizer
and pesticide use has been put together for the state of
Washington and sent out initially to golf course superintendents for their response. It is a lengthy survey, but very
important to be filled out and returned to us so that we can
document the products being used. All survey individuals will
be identified by a number in order that we can tell which
survey was returned, but results will not be listed by individual
locations.
A modified version of this survey will be sent out shortly
to sod producers and to parks and recreation managers so
that we can also try to get some numbers on applications in
both of those areas as well.
We feel this is an important piece of information for our
industry to have. It is partially supported by funds from the
NTA. Please respond as quickly as possible in order that we
can make use of this information to help support the industry.

Grounds Maintenance Management
Guidelines
A revised edition of the Grounds Maintenance Management Guidelines has been published by the Professional
Grounds Management Society (PGMS). The manual is a
collection of examples of maintenance standards, operating
manuals, contract specifications and other working documents to help managers plan and evaluate their operation.
New this year is a section covering the environment:
waterconservation, integrated pest management, pesticides
and disposal of yard wastes, petroleum and plastic products.
The manual is free to PGMS members; $12.00 for nonmembers. Write to PGMS, 10402 Ridgland Rd., Ste. 4,
Cockeysville, Maryland 21030.

KENTUCKY
BLUEGRASSES

•Columbia'Midnight
Challenger
Galaxy Blend

FINE FESCUES PERENNIAL
•Shadow *Flyer
RYEGRASSES

• Fortress

•Citation II* Birdie II
HARD FESCUES •OmegaII 'ManhattanII
• Aurora •Waldina •CBSII Blend
SHEEPS FESCUE TALL FESCUES

•Olympic «Apache
• Monarch
CREEPING
BENTGRASSES •Triathalawn Blend
•Penncross'Penneagle
Wildflower mixture
•PennLinks
• Pennway blend • Bloomers
• Bighorn

Norm
Whitworth
Turf Products Division

P.O. Box 68314 • Oak Grove, OR 97268

503/650-3639

Turf-Seed Offers
Grass Ecological Guide
"Grass Heals the Scars of Man," a 16-page publication
available from Hubbard, OR based Turf-Seed, Inc., describes
the environmental benefits of turfgrass and explains the
characteristics of five cool-season species. The booklet also
recommends specific mixtures or blends for planting roadsides, golf courses, etc.
To obtain a complimentary copy, contact the firm at 800/
247-6910.

WSU Turfgrass Research and
Extension Program
by Dr. Gwen Stahnke, Extension Turfgrass Specialist, WSU-Puyallup

Washington State University has had a statewide turfresearch and extension program for over 35 years. Often,
research and extension projects carried out at WSU are
fundedbythe Northwest Turfgrass Association (NTA), which
is made up of members of the Inland Empire Golf Course
Superintendents Association, the Oregon Golf Course Superintendents Association and the Western Washington
Golf Course Superintendents Association.
Presently, Dr. Bill Johnston is located on the main
campus in Pullman and has responsibilities for turfgrass
research (60%) in eastern Washington and teaching (40%)
of the undergraduate turfgrass program. Graduate students
are also a part of Dr. Johnston's program in Pullman, with
assistance from Dr. Stahnke at the WSU-Puyallup Research Facility. Bill's extension role is not official, but he is
always there to answer a question or point the question in the
right direction.
Dr. Stan Brauen at WSU-Puyallup (Research and Extension Center) has the major responsibility (75%) for
turfgrass research throughout Washington, management of
the Farm 5 Research Facility and organization of the WSU
Turfgrass Research Field Day in Western Washington. He
also has (25%) responsibility for turfgrass extension primarily with commercial turfgrass professionals.
Dr. Gwen Stahnke, also at WSU-Puyallup, has the
major responsibility forturfgrass extension (75%) with county

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agents, Master Gardeners, professional turfgrass managers
and some homeowners throughout Washington along with
a (25%) research appointment. The extension portion involves organizing a Public Field Day, with Dr. Brauen's
assistance, for Master Gardeners and interested
homeowners. Other responsibilities also include writing and
revising extension bulletins, evaluating current research
results from other portions of the country for this area, as well
as educational seminars from any of the groups previously
listed. Drs. Brauen, Johnston, and Stahnke are all important
disseminators of current research knowledge to the industry.
Each county office or area has a master gardener
program to help with homeowner questions and information
which can be obtained from the related extension bulletins.
If this is not adequate, then the question or problem is relayed
on to WSU-Puyallup. Washington State University operates
a Plant Clinic at WSU-Puyallup where county agents can
send samples for identification of turfgrass diseases, insects,
orgrasses and cultural problems. Samples are examined by
Carrie Foss, Plant Clinic Diagnostician, Dr. Ralph Byther,
Extension Plant Pathologist and Dr. Art Antonelli, Extension
Entomologist. Contact yourcounty extension agent for proper
sampling and packing procedures.
Washington State University's turfgrass program is
continually supporting and improving methods of environmentally sound turfgrass management practices. Please
don't hesitate to ask for help or advice if you need it.

The Perils of Winterkill An Ongoing Saga
by James ft Chapman, The Chas. H. Lilly Company

Lest you have already forgotten, the just past winter was
not kinds to us in many ways. How can you ignore holes in
the roads, dead ornamentals standing as stick monuments,
the rhododendrons/azaleas/camellias without bloom? These
are facts. You can see them. But some of the damage is
hidden.
As those of you who .have attended the Lilly/Miller
Seminars have heard over and over, the fall-winter season
is more than a resting period for turf and ornamentals. During
this dormant spell much of the nutrient reserves that will
sustain these plants during the following year are stored in
the roots. The plants continue growth as long as the ground
is not frozen and growing conditions prevail. Topgrowth is
limited and the energy produced by photosynthesis is stored
as protein within the root system.
November, 1990, we experienced heavy, saturating rain
and many soils were so full of water the turf and some other
ornamental plants could not breathe. No room in the soil for
oxygen. The fall active root development period begins in
September and reaches prime activity in November. The
lack of air and excess of water reversed the process,
drowning newly developing roots, stunting the entire root
system.
Bad enough, but this we could survive—as we have in
the past—since the root development continues up into the
spring months. BUT along comes the hard freeze. Imagine
the pain you experienced when you restubbed your toe
before it had healed. That is what is happening to the roots.
Barely alive, gasping for air, trying to grow and store energy
reserves, now hit by a deep and lasting freeze.
On top of that is the lack of snow cover for much of the
time. The sun shown with little warmth, but enough light to

stimulate transpiration and the plant leaves tried to comply.
With no moisture available from the roots, or through the
frozen stem tissue, leaves and branches wilted and died.
You could see this. You couldn't see the roots, already
stunted, dying back to just a few durable stumps.
Finally, the grip of winter relaxed and warmer days
brought on the spring euphoria that all was well. Many of the
plants were not blooming but we want to believe they will
return to full vigor with time. And many will! But some will not!
The root system in some cases was badly damaged in the
winter of 1988-89, struggled to recover through a mild winter
in 1989-90, only to receive a more severe shock this winter
past. The current bloom, if there is one, may be the last gasp.
With turf, the root system in many cases degraded back
to the thatch level. The surviving roots are few in number and
not fine enough to take up enough water to maintain vigor
during a stressful summer. Already I have seen serious
damage from product bum, equipment compression/compaction, and drought discoloration.
It is critical that extra effort be made in some cases to
keep turf alive. Think about the exposure of the lawn. The
most damaging weather came from the north this winter.
Large areas of winter wheat in the Palouse—hundreds to
thousands of acres—are killed on the north and west slopes
of hills. Those protected from the northwest wind—facing
south and east—survived. Much of the turf and ornamental
damage will be similar.
Check the root depth with a soil probe or trowel. If it isn't
at least four inches—preferably more—plan to aerify,
overseed, fertilize with a starter type fertilizer. By now you

A

should have taken soil tests and planned the lime treatment
program recommended. If not, take them ASAP. Lime will
have an important bearing on the recovery of the turf, and
perhaps even the ornamentals.
It is very important to provide the maximum optimum
growing environment for the plants we want to encourage.
You will need to check and correct conditions that will inhibit
plant response and vigorous growth. Some problems we
might treat casually will be serious this year: Poor drainage,
thatch buildup, sloping or mounded areas hard to water,
compaction from equipment or foot traffic, buried debris or
layers of different textured soils that restrict root and water
movement.
This may be the year to renovate. Old plants, even old
lawns, might be easier to replace than to mollycoddle along.
If you keep the troubled areas, be careful not to overdo any
product applications around them. The roots will be close to
the surface, not very strong, and easily damaged even by a
fertilizer application that might have been "normal" in the
past. Certainly herbicide use should be carefully planned
and applied. Many areas will need wetting agents to keep a
good water flow through bark or thatch. Begin watering early
for the soils are already drying. Don't let April rain fool you.
Plan fall watering too. The cooler weather and cloudy skies
give us a false sense of security.

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The "Environmental" Times,
They Are A' Changing...
You don't have to be a marketing analyst to realize that
big changes are taking place in the turf and ornamental
industries. Environmental issues continue to take top billing
in the print and television news arenas, while government
regulations continue to increase. Therefore, it is critical that
industry professionals do their part to ensure the public is
provided with accurate, well-documented information on
pesticides.
For example, it is important that people know most
pesticides used in the green industry are not highly mobile.
They are applied in extremely diluted concentrations and are
broadcast ratherthan applied in narrow bands. Furthermore,
most pesticides that reach the soil are applied only once or
twice a year, and over the course of the growing season
degrade to insignificant levels. The result is that these crop
protection chemicals are only present for limited amounts of
time, and even then, only in amounts that have been
extensively tested by the EPA.
Runoff Fears
Still, runoff issues remain a topic that continues to cause
concern among the general public, especially among people
whose homes are located near golf courses. But "runoff"
becomes less of a scary word when it is properly understood.
Healthy turfgrass generally does an excellent job of
keeping pest control products where they are intended. This
is because turfgrass is able to form dense plant communities
containing up to 2,500 plants per square foot. The plants also
produce a thatch layer that is high in organic matter, which
acts to bind with and filter pesticides. Additionally, the thatch
harbors huge populations of microorganisms that use the
pesticides as energy sources and aid in pesticide degradation.
Turfgrass, root systems, becausethey aredense andfibrous,
are capable of absorbing pesticides that might penetrate the
foliage canopy and thatch.
In addition to this extensive organic breakdown of
products, other factors such as hydrolysis and photodecomposition also act to naturally break down pesticides.
Some Risks Remain
Despite the numerous ways in which pesticides are
normally degraded, the potential for accidents does call for
caution. In fact, the greatest risk for pesticide contamination
of groundwater and surface waters comes from spills of
concentrated materials, which can occur through careless
handling during mixing and loading operations. This crucial
factor in the safety equation underscores the need for careful
employee training and supervision. Industry-wide precautions
such as certification of pesticide applicators improves safety
awareness and greatly reduces the potential for improper
pesticide handling.
The Bottom Line
A number of detailed research studies have shown that
well-maintained, dense turf can reduce the leaching and
runoff of pesticides and fertilizer too nearly zero. These
studies also show that the use of slow-release fertilizers with
lower rates and more frequent applications can further
reduce the potential for nitrate contamination of groundwater.
The studies are useful, but it is what we do with such
information that will play a key role in the future of turf and
ornamental professionals.

Today, more than ever, it is critical for all participants in
our industry to encourage the safe handling and use of
pesticides. And it is also critical to communicate this to our
publics, whoever and wherever they may be.
After all, plants and turfgrass provide many benefits that
can often be overshadowed by unfounded fears. Turfgrass,
trees and landscape plants absorb carbon dioxide, cool the
environment, reduce soil erosion, provide sources of recreation and beautify the great outdoors. Indoor plants also
enhance our quality of life by absorbing known pollutants
and irritants in the air that can pose serious health risks.
You can play your part by communicating information
such as this to greens committees, members, customers
and even your counterparts at other facilities.
By taking the proper steps now, we can all help to ensure
that the green industry is allowed to keep on growing.
Source: Chips & Tips

Improving Communications
With Your Members
by Paul M. Alexander, Ph.D., Georgetown Technical College

Effective communications between any golf course
superintendent and the golf public—whether members or
not—is an on-going factor in any superintendent's professional career. Depending upon your personal outlook, this
can be an enjoyable part of your day-to-day responsibilities
or it can be a royal pain in the neck.
For the purpose of this brief article, let's assume that you
sincerely wish to improve yourcommunication skills. Andthe
reason(s) you want to do so may be because:
1. you would like to make your work more pleasant;
2. you would receive more recognition for what you are
doing, or have done, for improvement of turf conditions;
or
3. any number of other personal reasons.
Now, let's look at some of the factors you may want to
consider in order to achieve your goal(s).
You must understand that there is much, much more to
effectively communicating with your fellow man than merely
talking or speaking to him. The use of the written word is, in
all too many cases, sorely neglected or even complete
omitted by more superintendents than I care to admit. And,
in many such cases, I have learned that the superintendent
in question has avoided using written communications because he/she has very poor handwriting or feels that his/her
spelling is woefully inadequate. My response to such attitudes
is "This is a cop-out on your part." Certainly, if that person is
clever enough to find parts for a 20-year old piece of
equipment, then finding someone with good penmanship or
spelling skills should be a snap! This person may be one of
your crew members or on the clubhouse staff—who really
cares as long as the job gets done? The important thing is—
use written communication when appropriate and when
approved by your Board or other responsible party. Such
communications can be posted in locker rooms, in the pro
shop, in the main dining area or grill, at #1 and/or #10 teeing
areas, or at the practice green or range.
What should be included in such written notices? A
partial list would include:
• aerification operations
• topdressing of greens/tees
• turf replanting operations
• root-pruning work

• cart path repairs
• bridge repairs
• drain-line work
• bunker renovations
• tree work in playing areas
• irrigation work
• restroom or turn house work
• pesticide spraying/spreading
As you can see, there are many, many items which,
when properly presented to your players, will alert them to
less-than-desirable playing conditions and/or warnings as to
potential hazards. Donl forget, people are less likely to
complain about some of your agronomic operations if they
are pre-notif ied. They may not understand why you 'lore up"
perfectly healthy-looking greens with an aerifier, but if they
were pre-notified, they can re-schedule that golf match or
perhaps make adjustments beforehand.
Other than "on-site" written notices, why not utilize your
club's newsletter if they publish one? A paragraph or two
about the coming month's maintenance operations can
forestall a lot of complaining on the part of golfing members.
If you are responsible for grounds beautification around the
clubhouseoronthe course, don't hesitate to let the members
know that you and your crew have provided them with these
spots of beauty. And, believe it or not, an occasion set of
"before[ and "after" photographs can work miracles, especially where that area had been a source of on-going
complaints (i.e. highly visible areas such as those adjacent
to a given tee, around a restroom, or by the entrance to the
club).
With respect to oral communications, it is still very
difficult to find a substitute for a sincerely-spoken:
• Good morning/afternoon Mr. or Mrs.
• How are you today?
doing after his/her accident?
• How is
• We missed you while you were on vacation (be sure
you mean this one!)
• Since you know your members better than I do, develop your own techniques for greeting your members
whenever the opportunity arises.
Over the years, I have learned that it is not a very good
idea to greet members with "How's your game today?" If they
are tense, worried about home affairs or just plain hungover, it gives them an opportunity to really jump down your
throat about course conditions, real or imaginary! Use your
best judgement on this type of greeting.
Finally, I would suggest that you consider offering your
considerable agronomic expertise as an occasional guest
speaker at a local garden club (men's or women's). This can
certainly help you develop further stature as a recognized
turf professional in your community—provided you do a
good job. I have several superintendent friends who also
write short articles on turf/tree/ornamental care for either
club newsletters or local newspapers or even appear on
local TV programs. This, too, can enhance your professional
image.
A limited number of superintendents have, with Board
approval, helped local schools with their athletic fields or
playgrounds and this is beneficial for both you and the club
you represent.
Gentleman, think of yourcareer goals and ask yourselves,
"Am I honestly doing my best to effectively communicate
with those who are responsible for providing me (and my
family) with a decent livelihood?" If you have any doubts, reread this article and act accordingly.

Communication Between the Golf
Professional and the Golf Course
Superintendent
byRonPovick, P.G.A., Golf Professional, Edgewood C.C.

Respect. Good communication starts by respecting
each other. The superintendent knowing a little about the
golf pro's business, and the pro knowing something about
the superintendent's business; with both working on the
same wave length toward the same goal. In the golf
professional's position, keeping the superintendent fully
informed of the needs of the members, committees, and
board members is a must.
Trust. The golf professional must have full confidence in
the superintendent's ability and the decisions he makes. The
golf pro must support the superintendent's decision and
stand firm by them. They are partners, working togethertalking over a cup of coffee or making decisions over lunch
or a round of golf.
When either professional has a new idea, share it. Both
can improve themselves and/or the course that they work.
The Golf Pro and the Superintendent should not be
afraid to compliment each other. Give credit where credit is
due.
I feel that my relationship with my golf course superintendent is the very best it could be. We make a good team
which rubs off on the rest of our golf staff employees.

Ideas to grow with

&

'• \
V, \ , v
> < .
r
v!

Spokane, Washington
(509) 928-4512

Caldwell, Idaho
(208)459-1631
Kent, Washington
(206)441-8927
Moses Lake, Washington
(509)765-9157
Pasco, Washington
(509) 545-9329
Portland, Oregon
(503) 227-3525
Pullman, Washington
(509) 872-2231

Serving the
Northwest
Turf and
Ornamentals
Industry
with Fertilizers, Herbicides,
Fungicides & Insecticides

Twin Falls, Idaho
(208)734-1880
Walla Walla. Washington
(509) 529-5381
Wenatchee, Washington
(509) 663-8754
Yakima, Washington
(509) 248-6171

1990-91
NTA Board of Directors

Calendar of Events

President
William B. Griffith
Golf Course Superintendent
Walla Walla Parks & Rec. Dept.
Veterans Memorial Golf Course
P.O. Box 478
Walla Walla, Washington 99362
(509) 527-4336

Directors (continued)
Jon C. Hooper
Grounds Manager
Physical Plant FG-10
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington 98195
(206) 685-1407

Vice President
Thomas M. Wolff
Golf Course Superintendent
Sahalee Country Club
21200 N.E. 28th Street
Redmond, Washington 98053
(206)868-1600

Patrick J. Nibler
Vice President Operations
PROGRASS Landscape Services
8600 S.W. Salish Lane
Wilsonville, Oregon 97070
(503) 682-6076

Treasurer
Bo C. Hepler
Turfgrass Agronomist
Senske Lawn and Tree Care
P.O. Box 9248
Yakima, Washington 98909
(509) 452-0486
Past President
William J. Johnston
Turfgrass Agronomist
Department of Agronomy & Soils
Washington State University
Pullman, Washington 99164
(509) 335-3471
Directors
Larry L. Farwell
Golf Course Superintendent
Wenatchee Golf & Country Club
61 OS. Lyle
E. Wenatchee, Washington 98802
(509) 884-1238
Rebecca R. Michels
President
Messmer's Landscaping Svc. Inc.
2466-156th S.E.
Kent, Washington 98042
(206) 228-5779

Alan L. Nielsen
Golf Course Superintendent
Royal Oaks Country Club
8917 N.E. 4th Plain Blvd.
Vancouver, Washington 98662
(206) 256-1530
David P. Jacobsen
President
Farwest Turf & Indust. Equipment
3265 N.E. Yeon Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97210
(503) 224-6100
Director Emeritus
(Nonvoting)
Roy L. Goss
Extension Agronomist
(Retired)
13716 Camas Road
Anderson Is., Washington
98303
(206) 884-4978
NTA Executive and Editorial
Office
P.O. Box 1367
Olympia, Washington 98507
(206) 754-0825

August 22-25

Ornamentals Northwest Seminar
and Farwest Show
Contact: Dave Adams (503) 678-1264

September 16-19

NTA 45th Annual Northwest Turfgrass
Conference and Exhibition
Contact: NTA (206) 754-0825

September 18

NTA Annual Membership Meeting
Contact: NTA (206) 754-0825

November 14-15

WWGCSA/GCSAA Golf Course Design Seminar
Contact: WWGCSA (206) 438-3748

November 17-21

Landscape and Grounds Management
Conference
Contact: PGMS (301) 667-1833

November 18-19

5th Annual Inland Northwest Turf and
Landscape Conference and Trade Show
Contact: Jones & Associates (509) 327-5904

December 3-4

Pacific Coast Turf and Landscape
Conference and Trade Show
Contact: Scott White (206) 292-9198

February 23-26 ('92)

Western Canada Turfgrass Association
Annual Conference
Contact: WCTA (604) 434-5037

- Pesticide Programs Contact WSU Conferences & Institutes (509) 335-2946 for "Pesticide
Pre-License" and "Pesticide Recertification" programs in your area.

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Blair Patrick

NORTHWEST
TURFGRASS
ASSOCIATION

ADVERTISING/EDITORIAL
DEADLINE
15th OF MONTH
PRECEDING PUBLICATION

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OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
QSU HorticultureDept
CorvallisQR
97331

N T 1273