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The Officiai Publication of the Northwest Turfgrass Association

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3
48th Northwest Turfgrass
Conference Rescheduled

Salishan Golf Links To Host
Golf Tournament for Research

The Northwest Turfgrass Association's 48th
Northwest Turfgrass Conference location and dates
announced at the conclusion of the 1993 conference have
been changed. The conference is now scheduled for
September 26-29,1994 at Salishan Lodge in Gleneden
Beach, Oregon. Logistical complications with the original
site led to the change of schedule and location.
Those NTA members who attended the 41st
conference in 1987 will remember the outstanding
experience everyone had when Salishan served as the
conference site. If you didn't make that conference, you
want to be sure to get to this one.
Preparations for the conference are well underway.
Meeting space, the golf course, and a block of lodging
rooms have been reserved. The Conference Program
Committee is working on the program and getting
presenters committed and the Conference Hospitality and
Events Committees are planning their activities.
Planning and preparations are in the able hands of
the following conference committee chairpersons: Becky
Michels, companion program; John Monson and Don
Clemans, education program; Mark Snyder, golf
tournament; Tim Haldeman, sponsor program; and, Jim
Dusln, tours. Registration, hospitality and logistical
arrangements are handled by staff. The committee chairs
and staff, working within parameters established by the
NTA Board of Directors, make-up the network of individuals
responsible for this year's conference.

In Scotland, golf links are built upon land reclaimed
from the sea. The style of play is a rugged, challenging
encounter with the elements enhanced by the native beauty
of the surrounding area.
Salishan Golf Links reflects this tradition. The course
has been created in harmony with nature. The trees and
coastal vegetation surrounding the areas of play are left
as natural as possible. As on Scottish golf links, the tees,
landing areas and greens on this 18-hole championship
course are beautifully maintained by Superintendent Mark
Snyder and his crew.
Salishan looks like it was laid out by a trio of golfers
who wanted to settle a bet right then and there as to who
was the better golfer. Erratic and unconventional, it has a
character all its own.
Crazy touches are everywhere. The ninth tee is
nowhere to be found, unless you drive your golf car up
the road toward some condos, where a little patch of turf
sits perched like an eagle's nest above a distant fairway.
Head professional at Salishan Links, Grant Rogers, calls
number seven "the par-4 that's never been parred,"
because it's long (426 yards from the back tees) disappears
around a comer, and then climbs to an uphill green. He
may as well call the front nine The nine that's never been
parred," because it is immensely long and challenging.
Lying snug against Siletz Bay, the back nine begins to
make sense as the links feeling sinks in. A sand dune
awaits errant shots on the right side of the 12th fairway;
traps of sand and sea grass protect a small green at the
13th.

Conference Education
Program Taking Form
The education program for the Salishan conference
is shaping up well. Among the various presenters will be
Tom Watschke from Pennsylvania State University, Larry
Gilhuly and Jim Moore from the USGA, Tom Cook from
Oregon State University, Stan Brauen, Gwen Stahnke
and Bill Johnston from Washington State University.
The program will be organized in two tracks again
this year one for golf course
superintendents and one for other grounds maintenance
managers.

Conference Kick-off
Reception is A Must
For the last three years, one of the highlights of the
conference has been the Conference Kick-off Reception
the first evening of the conference. The event always
draws a full house. Golf tournament winners are announced
and prizes are awarded; a grand selection of heavy hors
d'oeuvres; and, the opportunity to rekindle old
acquaintances and make new ones, all contribute to an
evening of fun and enjoyment. This hosted event is a
must for everyone.

President's
Report
"Leadership in information, research and support of
turf and ground professionals."
NTA Mission Statement
"behold the turtle, he makes progress only when he
sticks his neck out."
Cervantes
(With those words in mind, I would like to take this
opportunity to introduce you to the T.U.R.F. (Turfgrass
Universities Research Fund.) program.
The T.U.R.F. Program is a proposal of the Northwest
Turfgrass Association designed to provide meaningful,
sustained, broad base support for turfgrass research at
Oregon State and Washington State Universities. Our goal
is to collect one dollar per golfer in Oregon and Washington
to help support and improve our existing research facilities
and educational programs.
To accomplish this goal we will need to enlist the
cooperation of our regional and local golf associations.
Our idea is to add a one dollar surcharge onto the existing
handicap systems. The dollar for TURF campaign has the
potential to raise in excess of $150,000 per year. That is a
large part of the additional funding we will require to sustain
our existing research and education programs. Total current
contributions to research from existing sources average
nearly $100,000 per year. Funding requests submitted to
the NTA Board so far this year total in excess of $400,000.,
a number that far exceeds our existing capability even
with the possibility of matching funding from outside
agencies such as the USGA.
An Advisory Council, as allowed under our by-laws,
has been formed to support the TURF program. This
council or committee is made up of representatives from
all areas of the industry including; universities, industry,
golf course superintendent associations and the USGA in
addition to the Executive Board and Executive Director of
the NTA. This committee has met and has determined a
course of action that is appropriate for our purpose, one
that has been approved by the Board of Directors.
In accordance with that plan, a written program
proposal description was assembled by a team headed
up by Tom Wolff and David Jacobsen. A materials
presentation team including Tom Cook and Larry Gilhuly
prepared an Audio/Visual program to compliment the
written package. On January 18th, a formal presentation
was made to a joint meeting of the WSGA and PNGA
Executive Boards. As we go to press, the result of that
meeting is uncertain, pending future meetings of the full
Boards of Directors of the WSGA and PNGA. The ball is
now in their court.
As we have in the past, we will continue in the future
to support turfgrass education and research as best we
can. The burden of that support has always fallen to us
and we accept it as a part of our mission. And, we do it
very well, raising literally hundreds of dollars per member.
The fact is, the burden has become more than we can
bear alone. It is time that the end users of our products,
high quality turfgrass facilities, help pay the freight.
The environmental concerns of today and tomorrow make
education and research more important than ever. Our
2

industry needs unbiased facts in sorting through the future
uses of fertilizers and pesticides, in dealing with the
negative public perceptions of that chemical use and in
developing alternative management methods. All of this in
addition to the more traditional benefits of research.
In the final analysis, it is the end user, the golfer, the
ball player, the park user, the general public and not us,
who has the most to gain or to lose if our existing research
and education programs are cut back or lost altogether.
The TURF Program is just a first step down a long road
towards individual participation in the funding of regional
turfgrass research and education. For the good of all of
us.
Tom Christy, President

Salishan Offers A
Variety of Amenities
Salishan has as many things to do if you have the
energy to do them. A network of walkways, jogging
trails and nature paths maintained throughout the grounds
offer opportunities to discover the grounds and beach.
Indoor tennis courts, among the finest, offer superior
acoustics, total indirect illumination and plexi-pave court
surfaces. The tennis staff is happy to arrange games for
guests without a partner and a ball machine is available
for practice.
The indoor recreation center is a complete fitness
facility with state-of-the-art exercise equipment, swimming
pool, men's and women's saunas, hydrotherapy pool and
an outdoor sun deck.
The Salishan Peninsula has is one of the Northwest's
most secluded and natural beaches, with the Pacific Ocean
to the west and Siletz Bay to the east. Low tides offer an
opportunity for excellent beach combing.
A visit to the old-world style wine cellar beneath the
Salishan Lodge is a memorable, unique experience—the
perfect way to spend an afternoon hour. Salishan's wine
collection of over 21,000 bottles has received many awards
as one of the finest collections in the world. The lodge
also offers an art gallery, gift shop and library.

Salishan Lodging and
Dining Facilities
The conference headquarters, the Salishan Lodge,
offers 200 rooms nestled gently on a grand green bluff
with fir, hemlock and cedar trees, connecting with each
other and the main lodge by covered bridges and
walkways. All rooms are designed for privacy, quiet and
views of the forest, the golf links or Siletz Bay. Each room
features a wood-burning fireplace, balcony, prints and
lithographs by Oregon artists and a covered carport.
Salishan offers a number of stellar dining spots, simple
to fancy. Fanciest is The Dining Room, with award-winning
cuisine featuring seasonal Northwest seafood, game and
other delicacies. In the more informal Sun Room, they
offer breakfast, lunch and dinner with picture window views.
Turfgrass Topics/Winter 1993/1994

Salishan Lodging (continued from page 3)
The Cedar Tree is the place for a sumptuous Sunday
brunch. The Marketplace Restaurant on Siletz Bay is a
great place for a casual lunch and dinner and the Attic
Lounge is a favorite for beverages and a little night music
and dancing.
The full range of lodging accommodations-motels,
hotels, bed & breakfast and camping facilities-are available
in the Lincoln City/Gleneden Beach/Newport area. For
information contact the Lincoln City Visitor & Convention
Bureau at 1-800-452-2151 or the Newport Information
Center at 1-800-262-7844.

Northwest Turfgrass Association created a research and
scholarship fund to help make it possible for each of us to
financially contribute to industry research and education
advancements.
Donation forms will be mailed to members and industry
supporters with the next month or so. Contributions are
tax deductible and those contributing to the research
and scholarship fund are recognized in the annual
Directory of the Northwest Turfgrass Association.
Buy a share today in better turfgrass for tomorrow.

Getting To
The Salishan
Flying into Portland, Oregon is probably
the most direct route, if flying into the region.
Portland International Airport is serviced by
the major airlines and car rental agencies.
It is recommended that car rental
arrangements be made in advance.
The Salishan Lodge is located in
Gleneden Beach, Oregon. It takes two
hours from Portland and 3 hours from
Eugene to drive to Salishan. When driving
from Portland, the lodge is approximately
10 miles south of the junctions of highways
18 and 101. If driving from Eugene or the
south, the lodge is approximately 17 miles
north of Newport on highway 101.

1994 Research and
Scholarship Fund Raising
Campaign Kicks Off
Tom Christy, NTA President and
Randy White, NTA Research and
Scholarship Fund Committee Chairperson,
recently announced the kick-off of the 1994
Research and Scholarship Fund Raising
Campaign. For the last few years NTA
has annually given out over $35,000 in
research grants and $5,000 in scholarships.
The success of the annual fund raising
campaign is a key factor in the level of
support NTA can provide to these efforts.
Intimately involved with turfgrass
management, we realize more than most,
that today's turfgrass quality is the result of
knowledge and technological gains resulting
from research and education accompanied
by hard work and effort. We owe our thanks
to those who gave their time and money to
make the research and education possible,
for without them we would have to rely on
our own individual trial and error methods.
Few of us are independently capable
of, nor prepared to conduct the research or
development necessary to keep the industry
on the leading edge. Recognizing this, the
3 Turfgrass Topics/Winter 1993/1994

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Annual Membership
Dues Billings
The second notice of Annual Dues Statements for
1994 was just recently mailed to those that had not yet
responded to the first notice mailed in December. Those
who have already paid their membership dues for 1994
should not receive the second notice.
The NTA is a non-profit corporation founded in 1948
to help all people involved with and interested in turfgrass
culture in the Northwest. The association has grown in
the last few years from around 200 members to over 450
individuals involved in turf facilities development and
maintenance in public schools, universities and colleges,
parks, golf courses, cemeteries, sports fields, commercial
facilities, home lawn care operations and others.

94/95 Scholarship
Applications Sought
The Northwest Turfgrass Association is now accepting
applications for turfgrass scholarships for 1994/95
academic year. Scholarships generally range from $500
to $1000.
Scholarship applicants should complete a copy of the
enclosed Scholarship Application Form. Applications
should be typed. Guidelines used when applications are
considered include the following:
1. applicants shall be enrolled in a college or university
in the Pacific Northwest working toward a turfgrass science
related degree;
2. applicants must: have completed the first year at a two
year community college or vocational/technical institute;
be a junior or senior in a four year college or university; or
be a graduate student;
3. applicants shall have outstanding qualities as individuals
and students including integrity, initiative and leadership;
and,
4. applicants shall have a desire to make a contribution to
the turfgrass industry and profession in the Pacific
Northwest.
All scholarship applications for 1994/94 should be
submitted to the NTA office no later than March 30,
1994. Questions relating to scholarships should be directed
to the NTA office-(206) 754-0825.

All proposals for 1994/95 should be submitted to the
NTA office no later than March 30, 1993. Questions
relating to research funding should be directed to the NTA
office-(206) 754-0825.

1993 Conference Sponsors
for Research Applauded
This was the first conference for the newly developed
"Sponsorship Program."
Suppliers were invited to sponsor a tee or hole during the
conference R.L. Goss Golf Tournament for Research by
purchasing a sign to be displayed on the course and during
other major events throughout the conference. Tom
Christy, chairman of the committee that introduced the
program this year, described the response as outstanding.
The sponsors whose names appear on the sign board
below, which was on display through out the conference,
deserve special thanks for being "Sponsors" for research
during the 1993 annual Northwest Turfgrass Conference.
Each sponsor's donation, other than the cost of a tee
sign, went into the NTA Research and Scholarship Fund.

94/95 Research Grant
Proposals Sought
Irrigation Lines Inspection
The Northwest Turfgrass Association is now accepting
proposals relating to turfgrass research for the 1994/95
academic year. Research proposals must be submitted
in a prescribed format which is described in the
announcement information enclosed in this newsletter.
Consideration of proposals will be in accordance with
the following guidelines:
1. they shall be from sources within the Pacific Northwest;
2. they must be for activity that will directly benefit the
turfgrass industry in the Pacific Northwest; and,
3. the activity shall be underway or initiation shall be
imminent.
4

This fall when you are blowing out your irrigation
system, make plans to rent the air compressor again in
the spring. This past spring I saw a Superintendent using
his ingenuity in charging his irrigation lines with air. He
pressurizes his system with approximately 80-100 PSI as
his staff scouts the system for breaks. They do this by
listening for where the air is "hissing" from the ground.
By locating the damaged pipe this way, repairs can be
made immediately. There is no water to drain from the
system, and no water to pump out of the repair area. Can
you imagine fixing an irrigation break in a dry hole?
Turfgrass Topics/Winter 1993/1994

Research and Scholarship
Sponsor Program Expanded

Certification Program
for Turfgrass Professionals

Turf grounds maintenance and irrigation suppliers and
other interested parties will soon be invited to become a
financial Sponsor of an activity or event during the
Northwest Turfgrass Conference conducted annually by
the Northwest Turfgrass Association. Around 300-400
golf course, park, sports facility, lawn grounds maintenance
and ornamental professionals and suppliers interested in
the latest turfgrass-related research and developments are
usually in attendance.
The purpose of the Research and Scholarship
Sponsor Program is to provide industry suppliers with an
opportunity for tax deductible advertisement of their
companies and, at the same time, through the reduction
in conference costs, free up more conference receipts for
funding research activity and scholarships. During the
very successful trial year of the program, the focus was
on golf tee sponsorship during the preconference R.L.
Goss Golf Tournament for Research. Sponsors had a
professionally-constructed, multi-color sign of their company
logo and name at a tee plus a reproduction of the tee sign
on a sponsor sign board that was displayed at all the
major events during the conference.
The Sponsor Program will be expanded, beginning
with the 1994 conference, to include a variety of
conference-related sponsor opportunities, in addition to
golf tees. Sponsor opportunities will include:
• Golf Tees
(preconference R.L. Goss Golf Tournament for Research)

At a November 17 press conference in Baltimore, the
Professional Lawn Care Association of America announced
the availability of the new Principles of Turfgrass
Management training course and certification program.
The program, developed in conjunction with the
University of Georgia, leads to the designation of Certified
Turfgrass Professional. It is the first comprehensive national
training course and certification program available for the
lawn care industry.
Principles of Turfgrass Management is structured as
a home-study, correspondence course. It covers 14 topics
appropriate for all regions of the United States.
"In planning the course program, we wanted it to set a
standard for the turfgrass industry in all parts of the
country," said PLCAA Executive Vice President Ann E.
McClure.
Course author Dr. Keith Karnok, Professor of
Agronomy at the University of Georgia, says the program
will allow lawn care operators to learn the technical aspects
of turfgrass management without having to attend
structured lectures or labs. "Along with the experience of
working in the lawn care field, professionals receive
valuable training on topics of great importance in today's
industry," he said.
Topics covered include:
• types of turfgrass
• adaptation to soil and climate
• fertilization
• mowing and irrigation
• insects, weeds and pesticides
• turfgrass disease
• environmental issues and regulations
• customer relations
In addition to earning the designation of Certified
Turfgrass Professional, those who successfully complete
the course (by passing two monitored exams) will earn 12
University of Georgia Continuing Education Units (CEUs),
equivalent to 120 hours of training. CEUs are recognized
as a standard training unit in business and industry.

• Honoraria/Expenses
(Preconference Seminar and Conference Presenters;
Conference Key Note Speaker; Conference
Entertainment)
• Food Services
(Preconference Event Luncheon; Presenters/Past
Presidents Reception; Get Acquainted Reception;
Annual Meeting Breakfast; University Advisory Group
Luncheon; GCSA Advisory Group Luncheon; Women in
Turf Breakfast; T.U.R.F. Program Advisory Council
Luncheon; Coffee/Refreshment Breaks; et al.)
• Underwriter
(Overall Conference Support)
Depending upon the level of sponsorship, sponsors
will receive recognition for their sponsorship ranging from
signage at an event and during the conference to special
recognition at the convention and throughout the year in
the Northwest Turfgrass Topics newsletter and the
annual member directory.

How Many Golfers Are There?
If all the golfers in the United States lived in the same
place, they'd make a city larger than New York City,
Chicago and Los Angeles combined. And just think of the
wait for a starting time.
5 Turfgrass Topics/Winter 1993/1994

Scholarship Recipient
Sends Thanks
Dear members of NTA,
I am writing to thank you for awarding me an NTA
Turfgrass Management Scholarship. Your kindness
has enabled me to finish my college education at
WSU. You have provided me with the opportunity to
strive for my career goals in the turf and golf industry.
Thank you.
Sincerely,
Timothy A. Rowe

Cold-weather
Equipment Maintenance
The basics of winterizing heavy equipment are,
unfortunately, not basic to everyone and they're certainly
not practiced as often as they should be.
The first step is to read the product operator's manual
and make sure you do all routine maintenance tasks,
including winterizing, to ensure top performance and
minimum wear. But that advice is often ignored.
Most operators are busy. They've been working with
heavy equipment for years and they tend to dismiss the
impact of routine practices life shifting to a low-viscosity
oil in winter, not realizing the dramatic effect on
performance.
In addition, knowledge about winterizing and the
inclination to take winterizing measures are directly linked
to climate. You don't have to tell the guy who maintains
parks and roadsides in northern Minnesota what happens
if he doesnl keep his battery charged. It's when you get
south of the really cold climates and into areas of
intermittent cold that you see a serious gap in winterizing
practices.
Something as simply as giving a machine plenty of
time to warm up is especially important in winter. New
engine oils make this somewhat less critical than it used
to be, but they hydraulic oils still need to warm up to avoid
component damage.
Diesel engines are very sensitive to engine rotation
speed for starting, especially in cold weather. Most of the
so-called winterizing basics result in an immediate
improvement in starting and overall performance and a
decrease in stalls and failures.
If an engine starts hard, a lot of operators leave their
equipment idling for prolonged periods between use. We
don't recommend this because it lowers engine
temperature so the piston rings don't seal well. That puts
more blow-by and deposits into the crankcase, and that
causes engine damage.
If ongoing, long-term idling is necessary for any reason,
operators need to change their oil more frequently and
they should probably raise the idle rpm to reduce the
problems.
The proper steps
Every manufacturer's recommendations for winterizing
are different, as are the requirements for specific equipment
types and models. That's why we strongly recommend
referring to operator's manuals for product-specific
instructions regarding mixes, levels and practices for fuels,
oils, filters, coolants and all the other maintenance
variables.
Of course, manuals get lost-that's where a good
support service comes into play. The more information
sources available for your equipment, the better off you
are.
The following steps are necessary for proper
equipment winterization:
• Make sure all routine service is handled.
The engine should be tuned up and the electrical and fuel
systems should be in good operating condition.
This is important for equipment with gas or diesel
engines, and it's especially important when equipment is
6

older. A must-check is alternator output. It has to be in the
normal range to keep the battery charged, especially in
cold weather.
• Use the correct oil.
It's basic but still important. Using a heavier-weight oil
makes for sluggish performance and adds to engine wear.
• Check the battery.
This means the battery needs to be clean, fluid must be at
proper levels, and most important, the battery needs to be
charged to at least 80 percent for consistent operation.
Our tests indicate performance nose-dives when the charge
gets below 75 percent.
Never grease the battery posts or connections. The
grease melts when the battery heats during cranking,
creating a bad connection that can do serious damage.
• Be sure the ether system or glow plus are functioning.
Direct-injection engines do not use glow plugs as a starting
aid but indirect injection engines do. Use a voltmeter to
see if electricity is getting to the glow plugs. Disconnect
and test each glow plus individually using an ohmmeter.
Specifications are listed in the operator's manual.
For engines using ether systems, check the operator's
manual to be sure the ether system is properly activated
while the starter is running.
One word of caution. Using ether in a glow-plug engine
will cause engine damage and is dangerous to the operator.
• Properly adjust controls before starting.
Requirements for equipment vary, but with our skid steers,
for instance, it's important that all hydraulic and propulsion
control levers be in neutral before starting. When this isn't
done, it adds a parasitic load to the engine and starter
and makes for hard starting.
In some small units with declutch systems, the operator
should check before he goes out on the job to make sure
the declutch is functioning properly.
• Find a good source for cold-weather blended fuels.
Using blended fuels prevents fuel-system waxing that
restricts fuel flow. The operator's manual specifies the
appropriate mix and states whether a separate diesel
conditioner should be used.
• Note any required hydraulic oil changes needed for cold
weather.
Some equipment does not require hydraulic oil changes
except in extreme conditions that call for an arctic blend.
Check the manual for the specifics.
• Incorporate cold-weather options as needed to improve
starting.
Manufacturers often provide cold-starting aids appropriate
to respective climates. Customers also can order battery,
oil-pan engine-coolant (block or tank) and fuel heaters
from dealers. Check these heaters' working order before
going into winter.
• Use coolant according to manufacturer specifications.
Fed O'Donnell, Case product performance manager for
engines, agrees that it's important to pay attention to the
operator's manual. "You need to live by the manufacturer's
recommendations when it comes to equipment
maintenance." O'Donnell says, "and that's especially true
when it comes to coolants.
Coolant basics
Nearly half of all premature engine failures result from
poor cooling system maintenance and related cooling
failures. Cooling systems are more complex than they
Turfgrass Topics/Winter 1993/1994

Table 1. Types, symptoms, and causes of winter injury that most commony occur on golf course turf
Type of winter injury

Symptoms

External forces

Cause of injury
Internal plant effects

A. Dedct al Ion:
(1) Atmoshenc

Leaves rum distinctly white but
remain erect: occurs most commonly
on higher locations that are more
exposed to drying winds: can range
from small irregular patches to extensive kill of large areas.

A drying atmospheric environment
including high winds and low reliuve
humidity, in addition. JOII water
absorption is reduced at low temperatures or may be inoperative because
the soil is frozen.

Desiccation of the piint causes
shrinkage and collapse of the
protoplasm that results in mechanical damage and deatn.

(2)

Leaves turn distinctly white and ace
semi-erect; the tissues including the
crown are very dry; commonly occurs
in a more extensive pattern over the
run than does atmospheric desiccation.

Extended penods of soil drought due
to a drying atmospheric environment
and lack of precipiuuan or irrigation.

(Same as above)

Leaves initially appear water-soaked,
turning whitish-brown and progressing
to a dark brown; the leaves are limp
and tend to lay as a mat over the soil;
a distinct, putnd odor is frequently
evident; occurs most commonly in
poorly drained areas such as soil depressions; frequently appear as large,
irregular patches.

A rapid decrease in temperature,
particularly the adjacent soil temperature: kill most commonly occurs at
soil temperatures below 20PF during
the late winter-early spnng freezing
and thawing penods: may be assocuted
with thawing of an ice cover that occurs
from underneath.

Large ice crystals fora within
the plant Ussues causing mechanical destruction of the frozen,
brittle protoplasm: the higher the
water content of the ussue. me
larger the ice crystals ano uh e
more severe the xiiL

Sod

B. Direct low
temperature kin

C. Low temperi tu re

Fusanum nivale: favored by rurt'grass Parasitic

(1) Fusanum patch
(puik snow moid)

Pink mycelium on leaves: 1 to 2 inch,
tan. circular patches: or white mycelial mass on leaves, white to pink
circular patches up to 2 feet in
diameter

(2) Spnng dead spot

Appears in the spnng as irregular,
circular dead spots of up to 3 feet
in diameter, shoots, rhizomes, stolons
and roots within the spot will be
killed: affected spots commonly reoccur in the same location each year
and may gradually enlarge.
Light gray myceiium on leaves,
especially at the margins of the advancing ring; whitish-gray, slimy,
circular patches of up to 2 feet
in diameter, brown sclerotia are
embedded in the leaves and crowns,
ranging up to 1/8 inch in diameter.
Light gray, matted mycelial growth
may be evident on the leaves; irregular
shaped pitches initially appear yellow
and gradually deteriorate to a straw
color, individual patches up to I foot
in diameter may coalesce causing
damage over a large area.

Casual organism has not been identified; favored by rung rest temperatures
below JO^F and wet conditions.

UnkowTi

Typnula itoana. T.
idahoents. or T.
uhikanenstr. favored by turfgrass

Parasitic action.

Erect, white to light-tan dead leaves
appearing in the shape of the footprints or wheels where they have been
impressed into the turt.
Leaves imually appear '"tier soaked
turning whitish-brown and progressing
to a dark brown: the leaves are limp
and tend to lay as a mat over the soil;
appears ui irregular shapes associated
with previous patterns of concentrated
traffic, soil rutting may also be evident

Pressure of the traffic (shoes or
wheels) on ihe rigid, frozen ussues;
the problem most commnly occurs during
the early morning hours.
Snow cover ihaws to a slushy condition causing increased hydration of
the turfgrass crowns: traffic, including
snowmobiles, force ihe wet slush into
intimate contact with the turfgrass
crowns: kill most commonly occurs
if this event is followed by a decrease
in temperature to below 2OT.

(3) Typhula büght
(gray snow moid)

(4)Winter crown rot

D. Traffic:
(1 )On frozen turfgrass
leaves

(2) On wet. slush
covered tuns

temperatures of 32 to
conditions.

action.

and moist

temperatures of 32 to 40°F. especially
under an ice cover or during its thaw.

Unidenufied low temperature Qasidiomycte: favored by turfgrass temperatures of 28 to 32°F.. especially
under a snow cover.

Injury results from hydrogen
cyanide gas produced by the saprophytic fungus: subsequently the
fungus invades the host plant

Disruption of the frozen, bnole
protoplasm that has ioe crystals
surrounding and extending into it
during the early morning hours.
Not completely understood, but is
related to the direct low temperature kill mechanism.

Table 2. Practices available to minimize winter injury on golf course turf

Practices that minimize injury
Type of
winter Injury
A. Desiccation:
(I) Atmosphere

(2) Soil

B. Direct low
temperature kill

C. Low temperature
diseases:
( 1 ) Fusarium patch

(2) Spnng dead spot

(3) Typhula blight

(4) Winter crown
tot

D. Traffic:
(1 ) On frozen
turfgrass
leaves

(2) On wet. slushcovered turf

Specific
protectants

Turfgrass species
most commonly
affected

Turfgrass cultural

Soil management

Moderate nitrogen nutritional levels.
Elimination of any thatch
problem.

Do not core in late fall and
leave the holes open.

Conwed Winter
Protection Blanket
Polyethylene (4-6 mil)
Saran Shade Cloth (94%)
Topdressing (0.4 yd 5 /1000
sq. ft.)
Windbreaks such as snow
fence, brush, or ornamental
tree and shrub plantings.
Natural organic mulches.

Annual bluegrass

Moderate nitrogen nutritional
levels.
Irrigation or hauling of water
to critical turfgrass areas.
Moderate nitrogen nutritional
levels.
High potassium nutritional
levels.
Higher cutting heights.
Elimination of any I hatch
problem.
Avoidance of excessive
irrigation.

(Same as above)

(Same as above)

Annual bluegrass

Rapid surface drainage by
proper contours, open catch
basins, and ditches.
Adequate subsurface
drainage by drain tile, soil
modification with coarse
textured materials, slit
trenches, and dry wells.
Cultivation, especially coring
and slicing, when compaction is a problem.

Conwed Winter
Protection Cover
Sod Retention Mat
Enhancing a snow cover
with snow fence or brush.
Natural organic mulches
such as straw.
Sod warming by electricity.

Bermudagrass
Annual bluegrass
Red fescue

Moderate nitrogen nutritional
levels.
High potassium and iron
nutritional levels.
Moderate to low cutting
heights.
Elimination of any thatch
problem.
Avoid excessive winter
irrigation.
Elimination of any thatch
problem.

Avoiding neutral to alkaline
soil pH's

Cadmiums
Benomyl
Dacond
Mercuries

Annual bluegrass
Bentgrass

Provide good surface and
subsurface drainage..
Cultivate when compaction
is a problem.

Nabam, time the applications
to be present when
sod temperatures are
below 50° F and the sod is
water saturated.

Bermudagrass

Moderate nitrogen nutritional
levels.
Moderate to low cutting
heights.
Elimination of any thatch
problem.
Elimination of any thatch
problem.

Provide good surface and
subsurface drainage.
Cultivate when compaction
is a problem.

Cadmiums
Chloroneb
Mercuries

Annual bluegrass
Bentgrass

Mercuric chloride
(2 applications)

Annual bluegrass
Bentgrass

Apply a light application of
water in early morning; this
is most effective when
the soil is not frozen and the
air temperatures are above
freezing.

Withhold or divert traffic
from turfgrass areas during
penods when the leaf and
stem tissues are frozen.

Withhold traffic on turfgrass
areas dunng wet. slushy
conditions, especially if a
drastic freeze is anticipated.

Annual bluegrass

Northwest Turfgrass Association

TURFGRASS RESEARCH
REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS
ANNOUNCEMENT
(for 1994/95)
The Northwest Turfgrass Association (NTA) is now accepting proposals relating to
turfgrass research for the 1994/95 academic year.
Research proposals must be submitted in the following format:
1.
a cover page (see attached form);
2.
a one page executive summary to include: the title of the research project
being conducted or proposed; the date of submittal; an indication of whether
the proposed research project is a continuation of a project previously funded
by NTA or a new project; a brief overview of the research project being
conducted or proposed; and,
3.
a detailed explanation of the research project being conducted or proposed,
including: the date of submittal; a title fot the research project being conducted
or proposed; information pertaining to its need, purpose, desired outcome; and
anticipated activity schedule; information on the procedures to be employed; a
budget for the project along with an overview of the anticipated sources of
funding; and, how NTA will be kept informed on progress pertaining to the
project.
Consideration of proposals will be in accordance with the following guidelines:
1. they shall be from sources within the Pacific Northwest;
2. they must be for activity that will directly benefit the turfgrass industry in the Pacific
Northwest; and,
3. the activity shall be underway or initiation shall be imminent.
The schedule for consideration of applications is as follows:
December-January
Requests for Proposals announcements
February-March
Proposals received
April-May
Proposals reviewed and approved
June-July
Grant notifications
August-September
Grant disbursement
All proposals for 1993/94 should be submitted to the NTA office (P.O. Box
1367/Olympia, WA 98507) no later than March 30, 1994. Questions relating to
research funding should be directed to the NTA office-(206) 754-0825.

Northwest Turfgrass Association

TURFGRASS SCHOLARSHIP
ANNOUNCEMENT
(for 1994/95)
The Northwest Turfgrass Association (NTA) is now accepting applications for turfgrass
scholarships for 1994/95. Scholarships generally range from $500 to $1000.
Scholarship applicants should complete a copy of the attached Scholarship
Application Form. Applications should be typed.
Guidelines the NTA will use when considering applicants include the following:
1. applicants shall be enrolled in a college or university in the Pacific
Northwest working toward a turfgrass science related degree;
2. applicants must: have completed the first year at a two year
community college or vocational/technical institute; be a junior or
senior in a four year college or university; or be a graduate student;
3.

applicants shall have outstanding qualities as individuals and
students including integrity, initiative and leadership; and,

4. applicants shall have a desire to make a contribution to the turfgrass
industry and profession in the Pacific Northwest.
The schedule for consideration of scholarship applications is as follows:
December-January
February-March
April-May
June-July
August-September

Scholarships announcement
Scholarship applications received
Scholarship applications reviewed and approved
Scholarship notifications
Scholarship disbursements

All scholarship applications for 1994/95 should be submitted to the NTA office (P.O.
Box 1367/Olympia, WA 98507) no later than March 30, 1994. Questions relating to
scholarships should be directed to the NTA office-(206) 754-0825.

Northwest Turfgrass Association

TURFGRASS
SCHOLARSHIP APPLICATION
FORM
(Applications and supplemental documentation must be typed)
Application Date
Students Name:

Age

Mailing Address:

Institution:

—

Faculty Advisor:

Name

Title

Department

Advisor s mailing address:

Applicant s major fieid of study:

Current class standing:
Accumulative grade point:

—

Jr.

Sr.

Graduate Student

Last semester/quarter grade point

Accumulative grade point in major fieid of study:
Numoer of semester/quarter hours taken to date:
Experience in turigrass work:

-

Expenence on other jobs:

(over please)

Name and relationship of any close relatives associated with the turfgrass industry:

Name and relationship of any close relatives who are members of the Northwest Turfgrass Association:

List all other grants or scholarships, and amounts received, for the upcoming scholastic year:

Describe (in 500 words or less) your reasons for requesting a scholarship. Include in the above a brief autobiography,
a statement of your sources of financial support, your commitment to the turfgrass industry and the Pacific Northwest,
and future goals. (Complete on separate page and attach.)
Mail Application To:

Research & Scholarship Committee
Northwest Turtgrass Association
P.O. Box 1367
Olympia, Washington 98507

Application Submittal Deadline: MARCH 30 (postmark)
(Note- FAX submittals will not be accepted)
FOR FACULTY ADVISOR (Handwritten signature must appear)
I recommend this student for a Northwest Turfgrass Association Scholarship:
Signed

Date

Additional Comments:

Northwest Turfgrass Association Scholarships are awarded without regard to sex, race, creed, or national origin.

Cold-weather

(continued from page 6)

used to be. That's why you need to know the basics and
follow the specifics.
The first coolant basic is making sure the coolant mix
is as specified in the operator's manual. Some
manufacturers offer pre-mixed coolant. Case recommends
a 50-percent concentration. Higher concentrations reduce
heat transfer, and concentrations of more than 68 percent
are excessively corrosive.
The second basic is to flush and refill after 2 years or
2,000 hours of operation, whichever comes first.
The third point to note is that antifreeze for heavyduty equipment should always be less that 0.10 percent
silicate. You wouldn't go down to the local gas station
and pick up the same antifreeze you use for your car and
put it in your backhoe or skid steer. The results of using
the wrong antifreeze warrant the caution.
In low-flow cooling systems, a high-silicate antifreeze
will hydrogel or sludge. In other words, you get hard
particles that can damage the heater core and the radiator
and ultimately result in a blown head-gasket or plugged
radiator. Most major antifreeze suppliers formulate and
supply heavy-duty, low-silicate antifreeze.
What type of coolant?
Many operators have questions about the type of
coolant to use in their equipment. Ethylene glycol (EG) is
the traditional standard antifreeze. It's effective, but more
and more operators are requesting propylene glycol (PG),
which is more environmentally friendly.
EG is toxic to humans and animals but PG is less
dangerous. The same disposal practices are required for
PG and EG because both pick up heavy metals and
other toxins as they go through a cooling system.
It's important to remember that the two types of
antifreeze should never be mixed. It's impossible to get
an accurate measurement of concentration if EG and PG
are used together.
You can measure EG concentration using a standard
floating ball, but a refractometer is required for measuring
PC concentration. A refractometer is fairly pricey, but as
more people use them the price should come. down. Many
state and federal agencies are making the switch now.

Our Aging Population
By Glen Hiemstra
Yesterday I met Esther, the oldest person I have ever
met. She is 102 and though confined to a wheel chair,
was vital, alert, and humorous. As a 100 year-old she is a
part of the fastest growing age group in America-those
over 100, projected to increase 79% between 1990 and
2000. The second fastest growing age group are those
aged 85-99, increasing 42 percent over the next ten years.
Two-thirds of the 65 year-olds who ever lived are alive
today. In 1900 there were about 10 million people in the
entire world aged 65 and older. By 1992 there were 342
million in that age group world-wide. By 2050 the number
of people age 65 and older will expand to at least 2.5
billion. Twenty percent of the U.S. population is over 55
today, in 2001 the first baby boomer turns 55.
What do these numbers mean? That we are in
13 Turfgrass Topics/Winter 1993/1994

completely uncharted territory. No human society has ever
existed with so many elders. How will institutions and
programs have to change when people are living so much
longer, and in such greater numbers?
Consequences include the following: The average age
in nursing homes is 88 and each day nursing homes
become less like retirement homes and more like subacute hospitals. A person who retired at age 65 in 1983
and began to collect Social Security has by 1993 be repaid all of their contribution, all of their employers
contribution, plus reasonable interest. Yet if in good health
this person may live another 20 years or more. ( When
Social Security was established the eligibility age was set
at 65 because the average life span was 63, and the
program designers expected that only a few exceptional
people would actually need to collect.) Medicare, the health
insurance supplement program for elders never anticipated
eligibility periods of 20, 30, or perhaps even 40 years.
When I work with city councils and planners, I always
ask what they are doing today to plan for an older
population. What are they doing in terms of infrastructure,
building codes, street design, transportation assumptions,
and so on? You may not be surprised to learn that in
general they do not think about it. In their minds eye,
except for being more ethnically diverse, the future
population looks just like it does today. Perhaps because
so many of us deny our won aging, we do not really see
just how different the future population is going to be and
so we are not preparing for it.

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Ten Years of Research on
Winter Injury on Golf Courses: Causes
and Prevention
By Dr. James B. Beard, Michigan State University

Dr. James Beard Gets An Apology
Following publication of the fall issue of the Northwest Turfgrass
Topic we received a letter from Dr. James Beard pointing out the
fact that we had used two tables from a book he had authored
without acknowledgment of the source. We responded to Dr. Beard
with an apology and an explanation that the following article, intended
to be an explanation of the two inserted tables, had been inadvertently
left out of the fall issue.

Winter injury of turf is difficult to understand because
it results from the interaction of a number of environmental,
soil, and cultural factors. Before a golf course
superintendent can initiate the appropriate cultural program
to prevent winter injury, he must determine the particular
type or types of winter injury that occur most frequently at
various locations on the golf course. This involves a study
of the particular symptoms, including time of occurrence,
soil type, topography, drainage characteristics, traffic
patterns, and the probability of environmental stress. Such
information is assembled over a period of years, and a
specific program is established on the golf course in order
to minimize the probability of winter injury.

future once the cause or causes of winter injury on specific
turfgrass areas on the golf course have been established.
The first prerequisite in minimizing all types of winter injury
is a healthy turf with adequate carbohydrate reserves and
recuperative potential. This phase of winter injury
prevention is accomplished during the normal growing
season, particularly in the late summer - early fall period.
Practices to prevent or at least minimize the potential for
turfgrass winter injury can be divided into cultural practices,
soil management, and specific winter protectants.
The specific practices utilized in each of these
categories are summarized in Table 2 (see newsletter
insert). It should be noted that a number of them apply to
more than one type of winter injury. In some cases, the
practice that is effective in preventing one type of winter
injury will actually increase the probability of damage from
another type. For example, snow covers or winter
protection covers used to prevent winter desiccation will
also maintain temperatures near 32 degrees F which will
enhance the probability of snow mold disease activity.
This means that when such a practice is in use, steps
should also be taken to apply a preventive snow mold
fungicide application to the turfgrass area prior to installing
the winter protection cover.
From a cultural standpoint, the proper control of plant
and soil water relations is the most critical factor affecting
all phases of turfgrass winter injury. Techniques to adjust
the soil water status must be achieved during the summer
period.
Finally, it is quite obvious that selection and planting
of the appropriate turfgrass species and cultivar can be
critical in minimizing the degree of turfgrass injury that
may occur. Annual bluegrass is very prone to all types of
winter injury. The bent grasses are considerably less
susceptible to injury, and also have a greater recuperative
potential from existing vegetative plant parts.
Source: Michigan Turfgrass Foundation.

CAUSES OF WINTER INJURY
The four major types of turfgrass winter injury that
most commonly occur are presented in Table, (see
newsletter insert), along with the symptoms and causes of
injury. This information has been assembled over a 10year period of extensive research at Michigan State
University. The major types of winter injury are:
• Desiccation
• Direct low temperature kill
• Low temperature diseases
• Traffic effects
Note that ice sheet damage caused
by oxygen suffocation or toxic gas
accumulations underneath an ice cover
are not listed. Detailed investigations at
Michigan State University indicate that this
type of winter injury rarely occurs. This is
in contrast to the many articles by
individuals indicating that this is a serious
problem. Unfortunately, these earlier
writers had essentially no information on
which to base their comments other than
data from research with alfalfa. The winter
injury most commonly associated with
extended periods of ice coverage occurs
during freezing or thawing periods when
The McGregor APS Sprayer slips in the back of nearly any service or workhorse vehicle
standing water increases the crown tissue
around your turf operation. Available with tank sizes from 50-gal. to 150-gal and the new, 115hydration and subsequent injury of the
gal low profile elliptical tank, three section 20-ft self centering wet boom, roller, centrifugal or
turfgrass plants when temperatures drop
diaphragm pump, Briggs and Stratton or Honda engine, electric boom fold up, sonar system,
foam marker, monitor system, manual or electric hose reel and much more.
rapidly below 20 degrees F.
Distributor

PREVENTING WINTER INJURY
Cultural steps can be taken to
minimize the potential for injury in the
8

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509-397-4360
Turfgrass Topics/Winter 1993/1994

New Computer Software of Oregon
OSHA Rules
All Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Rules and
regulations are available on a new software program called
OR-OSHA-Trieve. The program places more than 2,000
printed pages of rules and regulations into a fast, easy-touse system that operates on personal computers. Through
a contract with TEXT-Trieve, Inc. of Bellevue, WA, rules
and regulations will be updated on a quarterly basis. Also,
additions, changes and deletions to the codes will be
highlighted for easy reference.
The electronic format simplifies the tracking of
thousands of rules and regulations., the software can
quickly search its info base by words, key phrases, code
chapters, group, section or site. Text can be printed or
exported to a word processor for direct quotation in
documents or employer manuals.
OR-OSHA is in the process of converting to the federal
numbering system by June 30, 1993. After the initial
conversion, approximately 90 percent of Oregon's
regulations will match the federal numbering system. The
OR-OSHA-Trieve will clearly show the Oregon initiated
rules.
OR-OSHA-Trieve software is available to businesses
through a subscription service offered by TEST-Trieve. To
order contact Text-Trieve directly at 1-800-578-4955.

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Dedicated To The Irrigation Professional

1940 Diamond St. • San Marcos, CA 92069 • U.S.A. • 1-619-744-5240 • FAX: 1-619-744-7461
9 Turfgrass Topics/Winter 1993/1994

New Federal Pesticide
Recordkeeping Requirements
As of May 10, 1993, private pesticide applicators will
be required to keep records of restricted use pesticide
(RUP) applications. This new requirement was mandated
by the 1990 Farm Bill and became a final regulation this
spring. Congress included these requirements in the Farm
Bill as a response to public concerns about food or
environmental safety, and to provide data to aid policy
making and the pesticide registration process.
New requirements for commercial applicators
These regulations primarily impact private applicators
because commercial applicators are already required to
keep records. However, the new regulations add the
stipulation that commercial pesticide applicators must now
provide a copy of their RUP pesticide application records
to a client within 30 days.
New requirements for private applicators
Private applicators must record the following
information for federal restricted use pesticide (RUP)
applications:
• the month, day, year of the application
• the pesticide brand or product name
• the EPA registration number
• the crop, commodity, stored product, or site that received
the application
• the total amount of the RUP applied
• size of area treated
• name and certification number of the certified applicator

(if the applicator is not certified, record the name and
certification number of the person supervising the
application)
• location of the application
The information should be recorded winning 30 days of
the application and the records retained for two years
from the application date. There is no required record
form.
How to record the application location
The new law allows four options for recording the
location of the application:
• identify the county, range, township, and section;
• maps or written description;
• a map and numbering system as used in ASCS or SCS
programs;
• a legal property description.
Access to the record Information
There is no reporting requirement for the records.
Instead, the records must be accessible if requested by:
• U.S. Department of Agriculture,
• Michigan Department of Agriculture pesticide regulatory
representatives,
• licensed health care professional who need the
information to treat a person who may have been
exposed to the RUP for which the record is maintained.
In this case, the applicator may submit the record
"information" rather than the actual record itself.
These records can also be voluntarily submitted for use
in surveys by the National Agricultural Statistics Service
(NASS). Data collected by NASS is used in reports for
policy making and also to support pesticide registration
data. The identity of growers providing information to NASS
is kept confidential and is not used for enforcement.

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10

Minimum Wage Raises
to $4.90 Per Hour
Washington's minimum wage increased to $4.90 per
hour for all workers aged 16 and older on January 1,
1994.
Workers under age 16 are entitled to $4.25 per hour
unless they work for businesses not covered by the federal
Fair Labor Standards Act, in which case they can be paid
$4.17 per hour.
With the increase, the state's minimum wage exceeds
the federal minimum wage by 65 cents an hour. The
increased was approved by the1993 Legislature and signed
into law by Gov. Mike Lowry in July.
Washington's minimum wage initially rose above the
federal minimum wage January 1, 1990, due to initiative
518, which was approved in November 1988. The initiative
requires the state legislature to regularly review the
minimum wage to ensure it keeps pace with inflation.
The state's minimum wage supersedes the federal
minimum wage because it is higher. Labor and Industries
ensures compliance with laws that protect worker rights,
including the minimum wage.
Turfgrass Topics/Winter 1993/1994

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Golf in the Northwest is faced today with challenges
in the areas of environmental compliance regulation, public
perception of the industry pertaining to pesticide and water
use issues, and an ever increasing demand from golfers
for improved playing conditions. At the same time, state
tax limitation measures in Oregon and Washington are
taking their toll on university curriculums and turfgrass
education and research programs are coming under more
and more fire and threat of elimination each year. Cutbacks
have already occurred resulting in personnel being lost
and funding decreased. At a time when turfgrass research
and education is needed more now than ever, most
important programs are facing an uncertain future.
During the fall of 1993, at his first meeting as newly
elected Northwest Turfgrass President, Tom Christy
recommended to the board of directors that a long time
dormant group, the Advisory Council, be reactivated to
work with him on addressing the issue of sustained support
for turfgrass research funding in the Northwest.
Following two months of concentrated effort, the council
proposed, and the NTA Board of Directors approved the
Turfgrass Universities Research Fund (T.U.R.F)
program. The program is a proposal of the Northwest
Turfgrass Association designed to provide meaningful,
sustained support for turfgrass research at Oregon State
and Washington State Universities. The proposal involves
the following two elements to help support and improve
11 Turfgrass Topics/Winter

1993/1994

research and education programs at OSU and WSU: 1)
working with the PNGA, WSGA and OGA to institute a
system to raise one (1) dollar per golfer per year in Oregon
and Washington, and 2) working with industry suppliers to
cooperatively address the equipment needs of research
programs and researchers.
January 18, 1994 a team consisting of Tom Christy,
NTA, Larry Gilhuly, U.S.G.A., and Tom Cook, OSU,
presented the T.U.R.F. program at a joint meeting of the
PNGA and WSGA boards of directors held at Seattle
International Airport in SeaTac, Washington. Responses
from the two organizations to the proposed program are
expected in the next month or so. Plans include a meeting
with the OGA in the near future.

Governor's Council on
Agriculture and the Environment
In response to Washington State Governor Lowry's
Executive Order 93-08 establishing the Governor's Council
on Agriculture and the Environment, the Northwest
Turfgrass Association put out a call to members during
the annual membership meeting at the Northwest Turfgrass
Conference in Yakima, Washington asking individuals
interested in being considered for appointment to the
council to contact the association office as soon as
possible. We received excellent response which resulted
in two nominations being forwarded to the governor's officeMr. Tom Corlett, Superintendent at Tarn O'Shanter Golf &
Country Club in Bellevue, Washington and Bo Hepler,
General Manager at Senske Lawn & Tree in Yakima,
Washington.

Irrigation Lines Inspection
This fall when you are blowing out your irrigation
system, make plans to rent the air compressor again in
the spring. This past spring I saw a Superintendent using
his ingenuity in charging his irrigation lines with air. He
pressurizes his system with approximately 80-100 PSI as
his staff scouts the system for breaks. They do this by
listening for where the air is "hissing" from the ground.
By locating the damaged pipe this way, repairs can be
made immediately. There is no water to drain from the
system, and no water to pump out of the repair area. Can
you imagine fixing an irrigation break in a dry hole?

Calendar of Events

1993-94
Board of Directors

February 20-23,1994 Western Canada Turfgrass Association
1994 Annual Conference & Show
Contact: (604) 467-2564

PRESIDENT
DIRECTOR A-1
Thomas A. Christy, CGCS
Golf Course Superintendent
RIVERSIDE GOLF & COUNTRY
CLUB
8105 NE 33rd Drive
Portland, OR 97211
Phone: 503-288-3471

VICE PRESIDENT
DIRECTOR A-2
Timothy J. Haldeman
Parks & Facilities Maintenance Mgr.
CLARK COUNTY PUBLIC WORKSPARKS & REC
4700 NE 78th Street
Vancouver, WA 98665
Phone: 206 699-2446

SECRETARY
DIRECTOR C-1
Tim R. Werner
Landscape/Grounds Manager
CITY OF WALLA WALLA
925 Whitman St.
Walla Walla, WA 99362
Phone: 509 527-4403

TREASURER
DIRECTOR C-2
Donald A. Clemans, CGCS, CPAg
Sales Representative
O. M. SCOTT & SONS
14437 Pole Court
Sisters, OR 97759
Phone: 503 549-3933

PAST PRESIDENT
Rebecca R. Michels
President
MESSMER'S LANDSCAPING
SERVICE INC.
24664 156th SE
Kent, WA 98042
Phone: 206 228-5779

DIRECTOR B-1
Randy H. White, CGCS
Golf Course Superintendent
EVERETT GOLF AND
COUNTRY CLUB
PO Box 2300
Everett, WA 98203
Phone: 206 353-7028

DIRECTOR B-2
James W. Dusln
Green keeper
APPLE TREE GOLF COURSE
8804 Occidental Ave.
Yakima, WA 98903
Phone: 509 965-9844

DIRECTOR B-3
Mike W. Erb
Sales Representative
WILBUR ELLIS COMPANY
1521 15th St. N W # 5
Auburn, WA 98001-3504
Phone: 206 448-1869

September 26-29,1994 NTA 48th Annual Conference
Contact: (206) 754-0825

DIRECTOR A-3
John W. Monson, CGCS
Facilities Manager
SEATTLE SEAHAWKS
11220 NE 53rd St.
Kirkland, WA 98033
Phone: 206 827-9777

DIRECTOR C-3
Mark L. Snyder, CGCS
Golf Course Superintendent
SALISHAN LODGE
PO Box 118
Gleneden Beach, OR 97388
Phone: 503 764-3667

STAFF
Blair Patrick, CAE
Executive Director
NORTHWEST TURFGRASS
ASSOCIATION
P.O. Box 1367
Olympia, WA 98507
Phone: 206 754-0825

STAFF
Jerry Crabill
Administrative Assistant
NORTHWEST TURFGRASS
ASSOCIATION
P.O. Box 1367
Olympia, WA 98507-1367
Phone: 206 754-0825

NORTHWEST
TURFGRASS
ASSOCIATION

i l

S

February 27-28,1994

NTA Board Work Session and Meeting
Contact: (206) 754-0825

March 5-8,1994

Canadian Golf
Superintendents Association
45th Conference and Show
Contact: (905) 602-8873

May 22-23, 1994

NTA Board Work Session and Meeting
Contact: (206) 754-0825

May 24,1994

OSU Field Day
Contact: (503) 737-5449

August 8,1994

NTA Board Meeting
Contact: (206) 754-0825

September 25,1994

NTA Board Meeting
Contact: (206) 754-0825

September 27,1994

NTA Annual Meeting of the Members
Contact: (206) 754-0825

- Pesticide Programs Contact WSU Conferences & Institutes (509) 335-2946 for "Pesticide
Pre-LicenseM and "Pesticide Recertification" programs in your area.
ADVERTISING/EDITORIAL
DEADLINE
15th OF DECEMBER, MARCH,
JUNE AND SEPTEMBER

ADDRESS
CORRECTION
REQUESTED

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Turfgrass Information File
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
MAIN LIBRARY W212
EAST LANSING MI 48824-1048

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Address Corrections: If address is wrong in any respect, please
correct the above label and return it to the NTA office.