The Officiai Publication of the Northwest Turfgrass Association

1994 Turfgrass Conference
Registration Packets Out
By now, all NTA members and other interested parties should have received a Registrant Registration
and Program Packet or a conference announcement
for the 48th Northwest Turfgrass Conference scheduled
to be held in Gleneden, Oregon at the Salishan Lodge
and Conference Center September 26-29, 1994. The
first mailing of registration packets went out the middle
of June and the final mailing, to those not already registered, went out the middle of July. If, for any reason,
you haven't received your registration packet and you
would like one, call the NTA office.
Enclosed in this issue of the newsletter is a copy of
the conference Schedule of Events and Education
Program. This year's conference is sure to be one of
the best ever. Great, informative educational sessions;
golf; tours-both educational and entertaining; scrumptious food; fun entertainment; an opportunity to renewal
old acquaintances; and, all in a resort setting. What
more can you ask for? We look forward to seeing you
there.

Board Approves 94/95
Annual Budget
The NTA Board of Directors has approved a $95,000
dollar budget for the fiscal year July 1, 1994 to June 30,
1995. This budget includes an appropriation of $23,470
for research and scholarship funding of $5,000. The
association ended the 92/93 fiscal year with a net worth
of just over $105,000 and the net worth for the 93/94 fiscal year end has yet to be determined.

1994/95 Board Director
Nominations and Elections
The NTA Nominations Committee, chaired by
Immediate Past President Becky Michels, will present a
slate of four board director nominees for a vote of the
members during the annual meeting of the members
scheduled for Wednesday, September 28, 1994 during

VA. 37, NÖ. 4 SUMM« 1994

the annual conference. The nominating committee chair
is requesting that anyone interested in being considered
for nomination by the nominating committee contact her
through the NTA office by the first of September.
Nominations may also be made from the floor when the
nominations committee report is made during the annual meeting.
The election of board directors will take place during
the meeting. Members present at at the meeting will be
eligible to vote on the board directors. Directors are
elected for three year terms unless elected to fill out an
unexpired term.

Suppliers Invited To Be
1994 Conference Sponsors
Turf grounds maintenance and irrigation suppliers
and others are being invited to become a financial
Sponsor of an activity or event during the 1994
Northwest Turfgrass Conference. The goal of the
"Sponsor Program" is to provide industry suppliers with
an opportunity for tax deductible advertising and, at the
same time, through the reduction in conference costs,
free-up more funds for research and scholarships.
During last year's very successful trial of the program, only golf tees were available for sponsors. This
year golf tees, honoraria, events and/or the overall
conference will be available for sponsors. In exchange
for a tax deductible donation, a sponsor will be recognized with a very professionally done multi-colored
reproduction of the their company logo. Golf tee sponsors will have their sign displayed on the golf course and
at various sessions throughout the entire conference.
Honoraria, event and overall conference sponsors will
have their company logo reproductions on display
throughout the conference and receive recognition in the
NTA newsletter during the year following the conference.
A Sponsor Program Sign-up Form is enclosed.

Northwest Turfgrass Conference
September 26-29,1994
Salishan Lodge

President's Message
"Whenever July and August do not boll,
September cannot fry."
old weather proverb
I hope that all of you are surviving the "dog days" of
this hotter than normal summer. As I write this, the temperature outside is once again climbing beyond ninety,
perhaps well beyond. The long range forecast is for
more of the same. Runaway wild fires are scorching the
Northwest and dominate the news. Our sincere best
wishes to any NTA members whose work and lives have
been affected by these fires.
Those of us with inadequate irrigation systems and
large populations of annual bluegrass can take some
solace in the proverb above, if we can just get through
August, that is. No matter what, the cool breeze of the
beautiful Oregon Coast at our annual meeting in
September, should come as a welcome relief from the
rigors of this record setting summer.
The Board of Directors and NTA staff are working
hard to bring you an outstanding conference at Salishan
Lodge this year. If you haven't already, please note that
the conference has been scheduled for the week of
September 26th through the 29th.
Board Director and host superintendent, Mark
Snyder, and Salishan head golf professional Grant
Rodgers have planned a first class golf tournament and
get acquainted reception to kick off what should be one
of our best conferences ever. The entry fee includes a
cart, lunch, tee prize and a chance at more prize money
than before. Remember that the field is limited so be
sure to get your registration in early.
The educational sessions will be first rate with such
notable presenters as; well known motivational speaker
Mrs. Bobbie Gee, Dr. Thomas Watschke from
Pennsylvania State University, Larry Gilhuly and James
Moore from the USGA, Roy Goss, Tom Cook and many
other distinguished speakers from around the Northwest.
Kudos to Board Director John Monson for putting together an excellent program.
Oregon and Washington State Pesticide recertification credits will be available as well as GCSAA recertification units. The total amounts have not been determined as we go to press but we are shooting for eight to
ten credit hours.
Randy White and the Research and Scholarship
Committee have identified research projects and scholarship candidates worthy of our financial support. The
problem is, as always, more that needs doing than
money to do it.
Don Clemans and Tom Wolff continue to work on our
2

Association By-Laws. This task is most important and
time consuming. I cannot thank Tom and Don enough for
their efforts. We hope to present revised By-Laws for
your approval at the Annual Meeting.
Finally, it is with much regret that we accept the resignation of Vice President Tim Haldeman from the
Board. Tim has had a change in job duties that will prevent him from fulfilling his NTA obligations to his high
standards. We will miss Tim's wit and wisdom at the
Board and wish him the very best in his future endeavors.
Tom Christy, CGCS
President

1994 Research and Scholarship
Fund Raising Campaign Continues
Tom Christy, NTA President and Randy White, NTA
Research
and
Scholarship
Fund
Committee
Chairperson, remind us that the 1994 Research and
Scholarship Fund Raising Campaign is still underway.
For the last few years NTA has annually given out over
$35,000 in research grants and $5,000 in scholarships.
The success of the annual fund raising campaign is a
key factor in the level of support NTA can provide to
these efforts and donations are running behind schedule
as of this date.
Intimately involved with turfgrass management, we
realize more than most, that today's turfgrass quality is
the result of knowledge and technological gains resulting
from research and education accompanied by hard work
and effort. We owe our thanks today to those who gave
their time and money to make the research and education possible yesterday. Hopefully future generations will
be able to say the same about us.
Donation forms have been mailed to members and
industry supporters and a copy is enclosed. Donations
are tax deductible and those contributing to the
research and scholarship fund are recognized in the
annual Directory of the Northwest Turfgrass
Association.
Buy a share today in better turfgrass for tomorrow.

1994/95 Annual Directory
Preparation Has Begun
Preliminary work on the 1994-95 Annual Directory
of the Members has begun with printing and distribution
scheduled for October or November following the annual conference. Now is the final opportunity to be sure
you're included in the directory for the up-coming year
Turfgrass Topics/Summer 1994

Northwest Turfgrass Association

TURFGRASS SCHOLARSHIP
ANNOUNCEMENT
(for 1994/95)
The Northwest Turfgrass Association (NTA) is now accepting applications for turfgrass
scholarships for 1994/95. Scholarships generally range from $500 to $1000.
Scholarship applicants should complete a copy of the attached Scholarship
Application Form. Applications should be typed.
Guidelines the NTA will use when considering applicants include the following:
1. applicants shall be enrolled in a college or university in the Pacific
Northwest working toward a turfgrass science related degree;
2. applicants must: have completed the first year at a two year
community college or vocational/technical institute; be a junior or
senior in a four year college or university; or be a graduate student;
3.

applicants shall have outstanding qualities as individuals and
students including integrity, initiative and leadership; and,

4. applicants shall have a desire to make a contribution to the turfgrass
industry and profession in the Pacific Northwest.
The schedule for consideration of scholarship applications is as follows:
December-January
February-March
April-May
June-July
August-September

Scholarships announcement
Scholarship applications received
Scholarship applications reviewed and approved
Scholarship notifications
Scholarship disbursements

All scholarship applications for 1994/95 should be submitted to the NTA office (P.O.
Box 1367/Olympia, WA 98507) no later than March 30, 1994. Questions relating to
scholarships should be directed to the NTA office-(206) 754-0825.

Northwest Turfgrass Association

TURFGRASS
SCHOLARSHIP APPLICATION
FORM
(Applications and supplemental documentation must be typed)
Application Date
Students Name:

Age

Mailing Address:

—

Institution:
Faculty Advisor:
Name

Title

Advisors mailing address:

Applicant's major fieid of study:

Current ciass standing:
Accumulative grade point:

Jr.

Sr.

Graduate Student

Last semester/quarter grade point

Accumulative grade point in major fieid of study:
Numoer of semester/quarter hours taken to date:
Expenence in turigrass work:

Expenence on other jobs:

(over please)

Department

Name and relationship of any close relatives associated with the turfgrass industry:

Name and relationship of any close relatives who are members of the Northwest Turfgrass Association:

List all other grants or scholarships, and amounts received, for the upcoming scholastic year:

Describe (in 500 words or less) your reasons for requesting a scholarship. Include in the above a brief autobiography,
a statement of your sources of financial support, your commitment to the turfgrass industry and the Pacific Northwest,
and future goals. (Complete on separate page and attach.)
Mail Application To:

Research & Scholarship Committee
Northwest Turfgrass Association
P.O. Box 1367
Olympia, Washington 98507

Application Submittal Deadline: MARCH 30 (postmark)
(Note- FAX submittals will not be accepted)
FOR FACULTY ADVISOR (Handwritten signature must appear)
I recommend this student for a Northwest Turfgrass Association Scholarship:
Signed

Date

Additional Comments:

Northwest Turfgrass Association Scholarships are awarded without regard to sex, race, creed, or national origin.

Northwest Turfgrass Association

TURFGRASS RESEARCH
REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS
ANNOUNCEMENT
(for 1994/95)
The Northwest Turfgrass Association (NTA) is now accepting proposals relating to
turfgrass research for the 1994/95 academic year.
Research proposals must be submitted in the following format:
1.
a cover page (see attached form);
2.
a one page executive summary to include: the title of the research project
being conducted or proposed; the date of submittal; an indication of whether
the proposed research project is a continuation of a project previously funded
by NTA or a new project; a brief overview of the research project being
conducted or proposed; and,
3.
a detailed explanation of the research project being conducted or proposed,
including: the date of submittal; a title fot the research project being conducted
or proposed; information pertaining to its need, purpose, desired outcome; and
anticipated activity schedule; information on the procedures to be employed; a
budget for the project along with an overview of the anticipated sources of
funding; and, how NTA will be kept informed on progress pertaining to the
project.
Consideration of proposals will be in accordance with the following guidelines:
1. they shall be from sources within the Pacific Northwest;
2. they must be for activity that will directly benefit the turfgrass industry in the Pacific
Northwest; and,
3. the activity shall be underway or initiation shall be imminent.
The schedule for consideration of applications is as follows:
December-January
Requests for Proposals announcements
February-March
Proposals received
April-May
Proposals reviewed and approved
June-July
Grant notifications
August-September
Grant disbursement
All proposals for 1993/94 should be submitted to the NTA office (P.O. Box
1367/Olympia, WA 98507) no later than March 30, 1994. Questions relating to
research funding should be directed to the NTA office-(206) 754-0825.

so, if you haven't gotten your dues in yet or you have a
change of address or phone that you haven't notified the
NTA office about, now is the time to do it.

1994/95 Annual Directory
Advertisers Sought
Advertisers are currently being sought for the
Directory of the Northwest Turf grass Association for
1994/95, scheduled for distribution in the fall. The cost
of publishing the directory is covered by advertising, so
membership dues can be used for information, research
and scholarship activities.
Planning for the directory has begun and any suggestions members may have concerning its content
would be appreciated by the NTA staff. The annual
directory, the most complete and up to date listing of turf
management-related professionals in the Northwest,
includes an alphabetical listing of active members by
name with a cross reference by company; NTA
Research and Scholarship Fund contributors; officers
and committee chairs for the association; cooperative
extension offices in the region; green industry publications and associations; and, a guide to sources for turf
grass related technical assistance.
Potential advertisers should contact the NTA staff at
the NTA office- (206) 754-0825.

Names In
The News
Arden Jacklln, one of the original founders of
Jacklin Seed Company, passed away recently in
Spokane, Washington. Jacklin was 82. From 19411985, Jacklin served as president of the company during
with time it became the world's largest producer of
Kentucky bluegrass.
L.E. Schrader, dean of the College of Agriculture
and Home Economics at WSU for the last five years, has
announced his decision not to serve a second term.
Larry James, has been selected to serve as interim
dean of the College of Agriculture and Home Economics
effective August 1, 1994.
James "Jack" Murray, former USDA research
agronomist, died on May 15 at his home after a long battle with cancer. He was 54. Murray was an internationally-known expert in turfgrass breeding and management.

Southwest Washington. For information call (503) 2452140.
The 8th annual Inland Northwest Turf and
Landscape Trade Show will be held January 26, 1995.
For information contact (509) 535-8305
Richard "Monty" Montgomery recently became
Director of Golf Operations for Teufel/Leahy Golf Course
Construction of Portland, Oregon. Monty comes to
Teufel/Leahy from the Robert Trent Jones II organization
where he was Director of Field Operations for
Greenscape over the past four years.
Rod Bailey, president of Evergreen Services
Corporation, Bellevue, Washington, has been named to
the Landscape Management Editorial Advisory Panel.

Management Aids
The Basic Handbook on Athletic Field
Maintenance is available through the National Institute
on Park and Grounds Management intended to provide
basic necessary information to sports turf management
crews. For details contact: NIPGM, P.O. Box 1936,
Appleton, Wl 54913.
A video entitled, Success with Bedding Plants, is
available through the Professional Plant Growers
Association. The video covers how to select, install and
maintain bedding plants. For details contact the PPGA
at 800 647-7742.
(continued on page 4)

What did over 4,400 turf
managers get when they
switched to ^ ^ ^ Poly-S1
Performance
as
Promised - increased
nutrient efficiency,
extended residual, better
greening and reduced
surge growth.
Try the proven, patented performance
of Scotts Poly-S today!
ProTurf.

Gary Willis and Professional Tlirf Center in Tigard,
Oregon recently became a new full-line BEST
Professional Products Distributor for Oregon and
3 Turfgrass Topics/Summer 1994

Rick Styer, Senior Tech Rep
(206)859-6610
Don Clemens, Executive Tech Rep
(503) 549-3933
Andrew Schenk, Senior Tech Rep
(208) 772-0301

or 1-800-543-0006 today.

Management Aids

(continued from page 3)

For the results of the 1994 Sandoz National
Environmental Poll, a telephone interview style polling
of 2,050 professionals who apply pest control products
conducted by the Gallup Organization, contact Sandoz
Agro, Inc. (708) 699-1616.
For a reprint from the Journal of Environmental
Quality, Vol. 23, no. 3, May-June 1994 entitled The Role
of Túrfgrasses In Environmental Protection and
Their Benefits to Humans by James B. Beard and
Robert L. Green, contact 800 405-8873.

A Final Thank You To The
1993 Conference Sponsors
The 1993 Northwest Turfgrass Conference was the
first conference suppliers participated in the newly developed "Sponsorship Program." Suppliers were invited to
sponsor a tee or hole during the conference golf tournament by purchasing a sign to be displayed on the course
and during other major events throughout the conference. Tom Christy, chairman of the committee that
developed the program last year, described the
response as outstanding. The sponsors participating in
the program included the following companies:

WeYe committed to you
from the ground up.

United

Horticultural Supply
United Horticultural Supply is designed
specifically to serve the turf professional.
W e provide a broadbased line of
premium quality, environmentally-sound
products including fertilizers, chemicals
and turfgrass seed.
Please call for more
information about our
products and services.
(800)637-0422
4

n
United

Horticultural Supply

BARNETT IMPLEMENT COMPANY, INC. (two
signs)
CIBA-GEIGY CORPORATION
EVERGRO SALES, INC.
FARWEST EQUIPMENT COMPANY
JR SIMPLOT COMPANY
LANDA, INC.
O.M. SCOTT & SONS
PACIFIC CALCIUM, INC.
SEED RESEARCH OF OREGON
THE CHAS. H. LILLY COMPANY
UNITED HORTICULTURAL SUPPLY
UNITED PIPE AND SUPPLY COMPANY
WESTERN EQUIPMENT DISTRIBUTORS
WILBUR ELLIS COMPANY
Each of the 14 sponsors should be recognized and
thanked for being a sponsor. All of their donations,
above the cost of the signs, went into the NTA Research
and Scholarship Fund.

Turfgrass
Research
by Dr. Dave Wehner
University of Illinois, Urbana, III

Turfgrass managers are frequently asked, "What do
you do over the winter?" As you all know, the answer to
this question is work, on equipment, attend educational
conferences, plan for the upcoming year, etc. University
professors are asked, "What do you do over the summer?" Most people assume that anyone involved in education has their summers free. Well, we tend to do turfgrass research over the entire year, but we are heavily
involved in field work during the summer. I would like to
talk about what I consider to be the three components of
a turfgrass research program. They are the short term
research studies aimed at providing immediate answers,
the long term research designed to shape turfgrass management practices of the future, and what I will call the
"research infrastructure". Let's address the research
infrastructure first.
Research Infrastructure
Just as the infrastructure of a city are its roads, mass
transit, water delivery system, etc. the infrastructure of a
turfgrass research program are the researchers and the
research facilities. The infrastructure is somewhat like an
insurance policy. If a serious problem occurs, there are
researchers that can immediately go to work to try to
solve the problem. In 1980, when bacterial wilt occurred
on toronto creeping bentgrass, funding was provided to
plant pathologists from other states who were involved in
finding a solution to the problem. One of the byproducts
of this disease outbreak was the addition of a full-time
turfgrass pathologist to the staff at the University of
Illinois. The ITF funded one-half of the cost of this position for the first three years, and then, the position was
Turfgrass Topics/Summer 1994

added to the University budget. In essence, the
University of Illinois, by having several turfgrass scientists, has the infrastructure to address serious turfgrass
problems. Fortunately, we have not faced a major problem since the bacterial wilt outbreak.
Short-Term Research
Being involved in the turfgrass program at the
University of Illinois means trying to provide the turfgrass
industry with answers to current questions and also with
information that will help shape the management practices for the future. An example of the first type of
research are the herbicide, fertilizer, and cultivar trials
that we routinely conduct at our field research site. For
example, we have tested the herbicides dithiopyr
(Dimension) and prodiamine (Barricade) for the efficacy
against crabgrass. These two herbicides ar the most
recent additions to the list of chemicals that will control
crabgrass. The results of our research were of immediate use to the turfgrass industry in that they provided
directions on how to use the compounds and assisted in
the development of their labels. Herbicides as well as
turfgrass cultivars, need to be evaluated in many different parts of the country to ensure that they will be successful.
Long-Term Research
An example of a study that is aimed more towards
influencing future management practices is the research
we are conducting on nitrogen utilization efficiency of turfgrasses. The Illinois Turfgrass Foundation provides
funding which is used to defray the cost of this project.
The goal of this research is to identify grasses that will
grow well under low levels of nitrogen and to understand
the reason why one grass is better adapted to low N
conditions than another. We have been successful in
finding cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass that grow better
under low N conditions than others. The Kentucky bluegrass cultivars that we found to be efficient in the utilization of N in solution culture (growing plants in a nutrient
solutions) were also nutrient efficient in soil pots placed
in a greenhouse. The next step is to evaluate their ability to grow in the field under low N conditions. In addition,
we are currently evaluating creeping bentgrass cultivars.
The results of our research with nutrient utilization
efficiency will have an effect on turfgrass management
practices in the future. We will be able to recommend
grasses that will be provided good quality under low levels of N. This results in lowered costs to maintain turfs
and reduced possibility of N leaching through the rootzone. We still have many questions to answer about the
results of our screening research such as, "Do these
grasses do well in the field and how much actual N can
be saved and still provide acceptable quality?"

Norm Whitworth
...your Northwest distributor for quality

Turf-Seed Products

»IB

Norm The Chief
Himself
m m >

Hard Fescue

Perennial Ryegrass

•Aurora

•BrightStar •Sunrye/246
•Citation II •Birdie II
•Omega II •Manhattan II
•Charger •Navajo
•Alliance Blend
•CBS II Blend

Sheeps Fescue
•Bighorn

Kentucky Bluegrass

•Columbia •Midnight
•Challenger •Livingston
•Blacksburg •Unique
•4 Aces •Voyager
•Galaxy Blend

Tall Fescue

•Olympic II «Apache
•Monarch «Silverado
•Eldorado •Tomahawk
•Safari •Virtue
•Murietta
•Triathalawn Blend
•MowLess Blend

Creeping Bentgrass

Fine Fescue

Wildflower Mixture

•Shadow Chewings
•Shademaster spreading

•Penncross «Penneagie
•PennLinks
•PennTrio Blend
•PennWay Blend

•Bloomers
•Baby Bloomers

Norm Whitworth
Turf Products Division

PO Box 68314 • Oak Grove, Oregon 97268
(continued on page 6)

5 Turfgrass Topics/Summer 1994

R f Q C C H
J U j - O J U - J O J J

Mobile 503-781-7735
FAX 503-650-0939

Turfgrass Research

(continued

from page

5)

It is important to have a program that provides both
types of research. It is equivalent to an industry refining
existing products at the same time that new products are
being developed.
The ITF is providing assistance with both these
types of research projects. The ITF funds the operation
of our turfgrass research center, where short and long
term research is being conducted. At the same time, the
ITF funds each research for individual projects such as
evaluating nutrient utilization.
The turfgrass researchers at the University are
always open to suggestions for projects that may be of
interest to the industry in the state. The determination of
what types of projects are to be undertaken is determined by the expertise of the individuals, the facilities
that may be required, and the level of resources available. For example, we do not have a turfgrass breeder
at the University, and thus, we do not attempt to conduct
research in the area of plant genetics and breeding.
Other studies might be directed by the nature of our
facilities. For example, the creeping bentgrass putting
green at our Urbana research center is on native soil.
Additional factors are involved in determining the
direction of our research. Is the project suitable for a
graduate student? Can the questions be answered in a
reasonable amount of time? Will it take an extraordinarily large amount of resources to accomplish this project?
Has the research been done before? Can the results be
published in a scientific journal?
There is no question, that without your support, the
turfgrass program at the University of Illinois would probably not exist in its current form. Please keep us
informed of your concerns, and do not hesitate to make
suggestions on the direction of our research.

Beware Summer Heat Stress,
Fatal in 1 of 10 Severe Cases
Now that the warm season is here, and you and your
co-workers will be spending long hours outdoors, you
need to keep on the lookout for signs of heat stress.
Heat stress is the illness that occurs when your body
is subjected to more heat than it can cope with. The personal protective equipment worn during pesticide handling activities can increase the risk of heat stress by limiting your body's ability to cool down.
Mild forms of heat stress will make you feel ill and
impair your ability to do a good job. You may get tired
sooner, feel weak, be less alert, and be less able to use
good judgement.
6

Severe heat stress is fatal to more than 10 percent
of its victims—even young, healthy adults. Many who
survive suffer permanent damage. Sometimes, the victims remain highly sensitive to heat for months are are
unable to return to the same work.
Learn the signs and symptoms of heat stress and
take immediate action to cool down if you suspect you or
one of your colleagues might be suffering from even mild
heat stress.
Symptoms — Signs and symptoms may include:
• fatigue (exhaustion, muscle weakness9
• headache, nausea and/or chills
• dizziness and/or fainting
• severe thirst and/or dry mouth
• clammy or hot, dry skin
• heavy sweating or complete lack of sweating
• alerted behavior (confusion, slurred speech, quarrelsome or irrational attitude).
Drink! — When you work up a sweat or need to
quench a thirst, remember the cheapest, healthiest,
most readily available refreshment there is: water. A
body needs six to eight 8-ounce glasses of fluids every
day. Water is non-caloric and non-fattening. By drinking
lots of water, your body learns to retain less fluid. And
always drink past the point of quenching your thirst; the
extra water will guard against dehydration.

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Turfgrass

Topics/Summer

1994

First aid — It's not always easy to tell the difference
between heat stress illness and pesticide poisoning. The
signs and symptoms are similar. Don't waste time trying
to decide what's causing the illness. Get medical help.
First aid measures for heat stress victims are similar
to those for persons who are over-exposed to pesticides:
1. Get the victim into a shaded or cool area.
2. Carefully remove all personal protective equipment and any other clothing that may be making the victim too warm.
3. Cool the victim as rapidly as possible by sponging
or splashing the skin—especially the face, neck, hands
and forearms—with cool water. If possible, immerse the
victim in cool water.
4. Have the victim, if conscious, drink as much water
as possible.
5. Keep the victim quiet until help arrives.
Information courtesy of the
Professional Lawn Care Association of
America, through its newsletter

Scientific Examination Confirms
Turfgrass' environmental Benefits
After more than 10 centuries of human use, the environmental benefits provided by turfgrasses are scientifically documented in the May-June, 1994, issue of the
peer-reviewed "Journal of Environmental Quality."
Examining a long list of functional, recreational and aesthetic turf benefits, Dr. James Beard and Dr. Robert
Green's lengthy treatise concludes that, "the complexity
and comprehensiveness of these (turf's) environmental
benefits that improve our quality-of-life are just now
being quantitatively documented through research."
Environmental benefits of turfgrass documented in
the article include: soil erosion control and dust stabilization; groundwater recharge and surface water quality;
organic chemical decomposition; soil improvement and
restoration; heat dissipation-temperature moderation;
noise abatement and glare reduction; decreases of noxious pests, reduced allergy-related pollens and human
disease exposure, security for vital installations and
lower fire hazard. The researchers also report scientific
support for recreational and aesthetic benefits that
include improved mental health, social harmony and
improved productivity.
Addressing the concern of turf's water use, the
researchers reported, "there is no valid scientific basis
for water conservation strategies or legislation requiring
extensive use of trees in shrubs in lieu of turfgrasses.
The main cause for excessive landscape water use in
most situations is the human factor."

which many people strive for, is in fact not the healthiest
turf. A medium green turf with a moderate growth rate
will have the deepest root system with less thatch,
reduced disease and insect problems, and increased tolerance to environmental stresses such as heat, drought,
cold and wear."
Dr. Bear, formerly with the Department of Soil and
Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University and currently
heading the International Sports Turf Institute, joined
with Dr. Robert L. Green, Department of Botany and
Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, to
carefully examine the available scientific support for various environmental benefits claimed for turfgrass.
Following review by a panel of scientists to assure complete accuracy, their report was published in the "Journal
of Environmental Quality," the scientific journal of the
American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of
America and the Soil Science Society of America.

Rules of Golf
Test Questions
Following is a test on the rules of golf. See how you do.
1. A legal hole location
a) is at least 4 paces from any fringe area
b) must not have more than a three-to-one slope
c( is not defined in the rules of golf
(continued on page 8)

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7 Turfgrass Topics/Summer 1994

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2. A player's ball lies in a lateral hazard. How many
options does the player have?
a) three
b) five
c) one - stroke and distance

being played; the putting green of the hole being
played; any hazard on the course; all other areas in
play which are termed "through the green"
b) tees, greens, hazards and grassed areas
c) tees, greens, water hazards, bunkers, fringes,
aprons, rough, fairway, waste areas, woods and
obstructions

3. A player's ball rolls into a hole made by a greenkeeper. It is not marked "ground under repair." What
should the player do?
a) declare the ball unplayable and drop within two
club lengths of the spot where the ball lay, not nearer the hold, and add one penalty shot to his score
b) play it as "ground under repair
c) put another ball into play under stroke and distance

9. Out of bounds is an area from which play is not permitted. In order to protect oncoming golfers on an
adjacent hole, the committee erects in course out of
bounds on a hole. The O.B. applies only to the hold
being played. The committee:
a) acted in accordance with the rules
b) acted outside the rules; in course O.B. is illegal
c) acted outside the rules; the O.B. must apply to
both holes

4. During a stroke play competition, the green crew
wants to get a head start on preparing the course for
the next round. They may:
a) mow fairways or roughs but not greens between
groups
b) mow anywhere on any hole behind the final
group, keeping distance between themselves and
the players
c) do any necessary maintenance without regard to
the players

10. A mysterious disease has attacked the fringes
around all the greens on the course. The city championship begins play tomorrow. The committee
should:

Turfgrass Research

(continued from page 5)

a) mark all the affected areas "ground under repair"
b) do nothing; the areas of concern are so widespread that they have become part of the course
condition
c) adopt a local rule prohibiting play from the fringes

5. During play of a hole, the cup is damaged so as to
make it unplayable. Who may fix the
hole?
a) any player
b) a member of the green crew
c) a tournament official

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6. The right side of a hole is densely
wooded with thick underbrush. Lost
balls in this area slow down play. The
green committee can:
a) declare that any ball hit into that area
is automatically lost
b) encourage use of the provisional ball
rule
c) mark the area a lateral hazard
7. The teeing ground is defined as:
a) the area between two tee markers
b) an area measured from the outside
edge of two tee markers which is two
club lengths in depth
c) a closely mown area specially prepared for teeing the ball
8. Under the rules, the major areas of the
golf course are:
a) the teeing ground of the hole being
played; the putting green of the hold

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Turfgrass Topics/Summer 1994

11. A water hazard is so situated that a player's options
under the water hazard rule are limited. The committee elects to install a ball drop behind the hazard.
The player:
a) must use the ball drop if his ball goes in the water
b) must use the ball drop only if he elects to drop
behind the hazard
c) may consider the ball drop as an option in addition to those provided in the rule

17. Player A's ball comes to rest in a water hazard. The
player can play the ball, but an immovable obstruction in the hazard interferes with his swing. Player
B's ball comes to rest outside the hazard, and his
swing is restricted by the same obstruction.
a) both player A and player B get relief from the
obstruction
b) neither player gets relief from the obstruction
c) player B gets relief; player A does not

12. A pile of grass clippings has been accumulating in a
disposal area adjacent to a hole. A player's ball
comes to rest next to the pile. The player may:
a) take relief under the "ground under repair" rule
b) play his ball as it lies or declare it unplayable
c) take relief under the immovable obstruction rule

18. A player's ball comes to rest on a putting green other
than the one of the hole he is playing. The player
must:
a) play the ball as it lies
b) drop the ball at the closest point which is off the
putting surface and not closer to the hole
c) proceed under stroke and distance

13. When both stakes and lines are used to mark a
water hazard:
a) the stakes identify the hazard, and the line defines
its margin
b) the lines identify the hazard and the stakes define
its margin
c) the lines and stakes are only as a courtesy to the
player; the water hazard margin begins at the
water's edge
14. A player's ball comes to rest in a divot hole. The
divot is lying, roots up, adjacent to the hold, but still
partially attached to the ground. The player may:
a) remove his ball from the divot hole, repair the
divot and then place his ball on top of the repaired
divot
b) play the ball as it lies or declare the ball
unplayable
c) detach the divot, cast it aside, and then play the
ball
15. A violent though brief afternoon storm has left the
golf course wet but playable. Some areas have
standing water, others are soft but a player cannot
see water around his feet when at address. Players:
a) will get relief from casual water in both situations
b) will get relief from the standing water in both situations
c) will get casual water relief from standing water
and relief from "ground under repair" in soft areas
16. A pile of brush in the left rough of a hole will be
removed later in the day. A player's ball comes to
rest near the pile. The pile interferes with the player's follow through. The player:
a) may take relief from the pile, which is deemed
"ground under repair"
b) must play the ball as it lies or declare it
unplayable
c) may move his ball only enough to allow himself a
free swing

9 Turfgrass Topics/Summer 1994

19. A player's ball is embedded in rough. The local rule
allowing relief in this situation is in effect. The player
lifts his ball, drops it in accordance with rules, and
the ball rolls almost two club lengths, coming to rest
in the fairway. The ball:
a) is in play
b) must be re-dropped, and must remain in the
rough
c) such a local rule is not allowed; the player must
replace his ball in its original pitch mark and add one
penalty stroke
(continued on page 10)

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(503) 227-3525
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(509) 663-8754

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Rules Of Golf

(continued

from page

9)

20. Player A's ball lands short of the green and spins
backward, making a pitch mark in the fringe between
the ball and the hole. Player B's ball subsequently
lands on A's line, also making a pitch mark in the
fringe. Player A is entitled to:
a) fix both pitch marks
b) fix neither pitch mark
c) fix B's pitch mark, but not his own.
by Jim Sweeney,

USGA

Keep Weeds in Check
All Season Long
Are you planning a good, comprehensive weed control program for your turf in 1994? Great idea. But if
you're smart, you already started on it last Fall. That's
when the best cool-season turf managers lay the
groundwork for fewer weed problems come Spring.

Voigt, extension turfgrass specialist at the University of
Illinois.
But areas of the Midwest soaked by heavy flooding
last Summer won't necessarily be doomed to heavy
weed infestation—if you were able to get on your turf to
work on it. "Most of our wet weather occurred during the
Summer, so those who worked in the Fall to get their turf
in shape have a good chance of coming out of it in
decent shape," he said.
His advice: Go out early in the season to ascertain
the condition of turf in areas where you most expect
trouble. "The areas where turf is thin are optimal for
weed invasion," Voigt said.
Annual grasses like crabgrass and broadleaf weeds
like knotweed are among the first culprits to show up in
the Spring. They are extremely opportunistic, muscling in
where turf is poor and spotty.

Healthy, dense turf goes a long way toward keep
weeds out. If your turf went into the Winter in good
shape, barring any heavy Winterkill it should be in prime
condition to fend off most intrusive species.

Use a good preemergent herbicide just before crabgrass first germinates. But if you're planning to overseed
thin spots, be choosy about your preemergent, Voigt
said. Siduron (Tupersan) is about the only option for
avoiding injury to newly seeded cool-season turfgrass,
he said.

"Where I would expect to find weeds is where the
turf is in bad shape coming of this Winter," said Tom

If turf is healthy and had little crabgrass or goosegrass problem last year, and you won't be overseeding,

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Turfgrass

Topics/Summer

1994

another method for controlling annual grasses is to use
no preemergent. Wait to see where grassy weeds come
in, then hit those spots with a postemergent effective on
grasses such as Dimension (dithiopyr) or Acclaim
(fenoxyprop), Voigt suggested. "If you're comfortable
with the quality of your turf, you may be willing to just
wait and use a postemergent," he said.
Broadleaf Control
Broadleaf control with a postemergent containing a
phenoxy or dicamba should be applied when weeds are
actively growing. Chemicals are more easily absorbed
then and, once weeds are killed, the turfgrass can fill in
the gaps quickly.
"People complain that their herbicides didn't work,"
Voigt said. "But if the right herbicide is used on the right
weed, application is usually the problem The timing is
critical—you want to make sure the weeds are actively
growing for it to work."
If temperatures are too warm for cool-season turf to
grow, discoloration and failure to control weeds may
result, he said. Earlier in the season, when temperatures
are cooler, ester formulations should work fine, but as
temperatures warm and volatility a problem, less-volatile
amine formulations are a better choice.
And, of course, reading the label and learning the
biology of turfgrass and the weeds themselves are
essential. "For example, many perennial broadleaves
that are cool season, such as dandelions, follow growth
cycles similar to turfgrass," Voigt said. "So when your
bluegrass lawn is growing actively so are the dandelions,
and that's when you want to apply controls."
A good weed control program doesn't disappear
come Fall. "You can do a whole lot of good in the Fall,"
Voigt said. Many perennial cool-season weeds are once
again going through an active growth period. And there's
less chance that drift or volatization will harm other
plants.
Late Weeds This Spring
A cold, dry Winter will probably result in late-germinating Winter annuals in the transition zone, said Dr.
Dennis Martin, extension turf specialist at Oklahoma
State University. "I think people who put Roundup on
early over the dormant bermudagrass are going to be
surprised," he said.
Martin said a postemergent herbicide like Trimec or
Weedone DPC applied at the same time as preemergent
crabgrass herbicide will help.
One good thing about the Winter—the cold has been
consistent. No wide swings in temperature probably
means little winterkill, Martin said.

11 Turfgrass Topics/Summer 1994

If you think you might have had some winterkill—but
can't determine that before it's time to apply a preemergent—choose Barricade (prodiamine), Ronstar (oxidiazon) or another herbicide typically used on newly
sprigged bermuda, in case you end up re-sprigging turf.
Martin recommends standard split applications if turf
has a history of problems with goose or crabgrass. And
be sure irrigation, fertilization, insect and disease control
and other maintenance programs are fine-tune in order
to maintain a dense healthy turf and keep weeds out.
Achieving a dense turf stand is also important before
using a turf growth regulator. "Especially in the northern
part of our region, where you have to regrow 50 to 60
percent of the bermudagrass canopy, it's important that
you have turf as dense as you want it before you use a
growth regulator," Martin said.
Martin has another reminder for those using growth
regulators—they don't work on weeds in the same manner as turf. Good weed control is not replaced by a turf
growth regulator, but must be used in combination.
Know Your Turf
Go outside and take a close look at your turf this
Spring—that's the first step in good weed control, says
Tom Cook, turfgrass extension specialist at Oregon
State University. Note thin areas and reseed them.
Using an inexpensive thermometer, begin monitoring
soil and air temperature. Push the thermometer into the
soil about one inch deep in areas where soil will warm
up first—south-facing slopes and open areas near sidewalks and driveways.
Crabgrass germinates at 55 to 60 degrees F, and a
preemergent should be applied about two weeks before
germination. "When soil temperature is above 50, that's
when you should apply preemergent," Cook said.
A combination product of several herbicides, like
Trimec, is still the best strategy for broadleaf weeds, giving broad-spectrum control and allowing lower rates of
the dicamba, Cook said. But long-term use can also
result in resistance in weeds like oxalis and ground ivy.
In that case, switch to another herbicide such as triclopyr.
When spraying broadleaves, be careful of other
plants. "Spring weed control is a kind of strange experience," Cook said. "When it's optimal to spray for
broadleaf weeds, that's when trees and shrubs are most
susceptible to drift."
Before leafout, use an ester formulation; afterward,
an amine form of the product will minimize potential
injury to ornaments.
Source: Turf West, March 1994

Calendar of Events

1993-94
Board of Directors

8105 NE 33rd Drive
Portland, OR 97211
Phone: 503-288-3471

VICE PRESIDENT
DIRECTOR A-2
Timothy J. Haideman
Parks & Facilities Maintenance Mgr.
CLARK COUNTY PUBLIC WORKSPARKS & REC
4700 NE 78th Street
Vancouver, WA 98665
Phone: 206 699-2446

SECRETARY
DIRECTOR C-1
Tim R. Warner
Landscape/Grounds Manager
CiTY OF WALLA WALLA
925 Whitman St.
Walla Walla, WA 99362
Phone: 509 527-4403

TREASURER
DIRECTOR C-2
Donald A. Clemens, CGCS, CPAg
Sales Representative
O. M. SCOTT & SONS
14437 Pole Court
Sisters, OR 97759
Phone: 503 549-3933

PAST PRESIDENT
Rsbscca R. Michels
MESSMER'S LANDSCAPING
SERVICE INC.
24664 156th SE
Kent, WA 98042
Phone: 206 228-5779

DIRECTOR B-1
Randy H. White, CGCS
Golf Course Superintendent
EVERETT GOLF AND
COUNTRY CLUB
PO Box 2300
Everett, WA 98203
Phone: 206 353-7028

DIRECTOR B-2
James W. Dusin
Greenkeeper
APPLE TREE GOLF COURSE
8804 Occidental Ave.
Yakima, WA 98903
Phone:509 965-9844

DIRECTOR B-3
Mike W. Erb
Sales Representative
WILBUR ELLIS COMPANY
1521 15th St. NW #5
Auburn, WA 98001-3504
Phone:206 448-1869

DIRECTOR A-3
John W. Monson, CGCS
Facilities Manager
SEATTLE SEAHAWKS
11220 NE 53rd SL
Kirkland, WA 98033
Phone: 206 827-9777

DIRECTOR C-3
Mark L. Snyder, CGCS
Golf Course Superintendent
SALISHAN LODGE
PO Box 118
Gleneden Beach, OR 97388
Phone: 503 764-3667

STAFF
Blair Patrick, CAE
Executive Director
NORTHWEST TURFGRASS
ASSOCIATION
P.O. Box 1367
Olympia, WA 98507
Phone: 206 754-0825

STAFF
Jerry Crabill
Administrative Assistant
NORTHWEST TURFGRASS
ASSOCIATION
P.O. Box 1367
Olympia, WA 98507-1367
Phone: 206 754-0825

PRESIDENT
DIRECTOR A-1
Thomas A. Christy, CGCS
Golf Course Superintendent
RIVERS DE GOLF & COUNTRY
CLUB

NORTHWEST
TURFGRASS
ASSOCIATION

I«

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August 8,1994

NTA Board Meeting
Contact: (206) 754-0825

August 9, 1994

WSU (Puyallup) Field Day
Contact: (206) 840-4511

September 25,1994

NTA Board Meeting
Contact: (206) 754-0825

September 26-29,1994

NTA 48th Annual Conference
Contact: (206) 754-0825

September 27,1994

NTA Annual Meeting of the Members
Contact: (206) 754-0825

December 7-8,1994

Pacific Coast Turf and Landscape
Conference and Trade Show
Contact: (800) 275-9198

January 26,1995

Inland Northwest Turf & Landscape
Show
Contact: (509) 535-8305

GOLF QUIZ ANSWERS
I . (c); 2. (b); 3. (b); 4. (b); 5. (c); 6 (b); 7. (b); 8. (b); 9. (a); 10. (b);
I I . (c); 12. (b); 13. (a); 14. (b); 15. (b); 16. (b); 17. (c); 18. (b);
19. (a); 20. (c)
- Pesticide Programs Contact WSU Conferences & Institutes (509) 335-2946 for "Pesticide
Pre-Licensew and "Pesticide Recertification" programs in your area.
ADVERTISING/EDITORIAL
DEADLINE
15th OF DECEMBER, MARCH,
JUNE AND SEPTEMBER

ADDRESS
CORRECTION
REQUESTED

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THOMAS COOK
NY94 > 1273
Instructor
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
HORTICULTURE DEPT. #4017 AL3
CORVALLIS OR 97331-7304

I 8c?
P.O. Box 1367
Olympia, Washington 98507
(206) 754-0825

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Address Corrections: If address is wrong in any respect, please
correct the above label and return it to the NTA office.

NONPROFIT ORG.
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PAID
PERMIT NO. 385
OLYMPIA, WA