R. a ©. R e c o rd V O L. 5. L A N S I N G, M I C H I G A N, T U E S D A Y, M A R CH 6, 1900. N o. 24. Notes from Women's Course. T he College at T he Round U p. Basket Ball. Miss Hadsell of Pontiac visited Miss Grace Elliott Monday and Tuesday of last week. Miss Deborah Garfield spent a portion of last week at her home in G r a nd Rapids. Miss E m ma Barrett accompanied Bessie Kinvon to her home in Grand L e d g e. Miss Keller was most pleasantly surprised on entering the dining room on Monday evening. As it was the anniversary of her birthday, the young women had decorated the tables beautifully and profusely in honor of the event. Miss Bessie Lee Gay lord was in Detroit from Tuesday until Thurs d a y. • B. A. K. Military Hop. T he second military hop of the winter term was given at the armory on Friday evening; about one hun dred were present. T he armory was prettily decorated and all details were carefully arranged. Bristol's orchestra furnished the music. those from a distance were M r. H. W. H a rt '97, of Lake Odessa, and Miss Jones of the same place. A m o ng Woman's Section at A nn Arbor. T he women's section of the State Round-up Farmers' Institute opened Tuesday afternoon, February 27th, with short appropriate remarks by Mrs. Mary A. Mayo, of Battle Creek. Miss Keller then presented a paper on " Habit and M a n n e r s ;" read a and Mrs. J. L. K. Haner paper on " Plain Sewing the in H o m e ," exhibiting also many speci mens of the work in this line bv the girls at the College which attracted much attention and favorable com ment. D r. Eliza Mosher, who was to have followed with an address on ''School H y g i e n e ," was unable to be present on account of an accident by slipping on the ice and falling. This was much regretted by all, but by no one more than bv the Doctor herself. Her paper, however, was presented by Mrs. Scott. program of Wednesday afternoon included a paper by Mrs. "Well-bred Mary A. Mayo on Children," which was much enjoyed, and an able and interesting paper by Miss C r o we on " T he Relation of Good Cooking to the Health of the F a m i l y ." T he Miss Julia A. K i ng of the Nor mal college was unable to be pres ent. Thursday afternoon the ladies of the Institute were taken in a body, as the guests of Dr. Mosher, to visit the museum, art gallery and g y m nasium, the latter being in the mag nificent new Woman's Building, where an exhibition was given by the young ladies of the U. of M., after which dainty refreshments were served to the guests. It is needless to add that this afternoon was as pleasantly and en- joyably spent as any afternoon of the Institute. L. D. K. large delegation went to A nn A Arbor those last week. A m o ng who took part in the exercises were Pres. Snyder, Dr. Kedzie, Prof. Smith, Prof, raft, Prof. Mumford, Dr. Waterman, Prof. T o w a r, Prof. Jeffrey, Prof. Marshall, S. H. Ful ton, Mr. Dean, and M r. Ferguson. Secretary Bird was on the program, speaking but was prevented from by an attack of tonsilitis. Miss Keller, Mrs. Haner and Miss Crowe were in attendance at the Woman's Section, as were Mrs. E. M. Kedzie, Miss Kedzie, Mrs. Smith, Mrs. Mumford, Mrs. Towar and Miss Kellum. A m o ng the graduates and students present were A. N. Clark, F. E. W e s t ' 9 9, C. J. Monroe with ' 6 1, E. O. Ladd '7S, W. L. Snyder '82, C. E. Bassett with 'S4, H. B. Cannon 'SS, T. F. Marston with '90, E. A. Holden '89, K. L. Buttertield ' 9 1, B. W. Peet '92, A. B. Cook '93, V. J. Willey '93, A. G. Boehringer with '96, C . J. Foreman '94, L. R. Love '96, J. W. Rigterink '97, G. F. Richmond '98, C. A. Hawley with '01, W. Bos with ' 0 1, Lucy Monroe 'ooze, Miss Dunston '01 w, G. E. Chatfield '99, Fruit Special; F. D. Wells '00, Fruit and Dairy Special. A meeting of the Board of Agri culture was called for Thursday night, but owing to the lack of a quorum no session was held. Sleighing Parties. evening On Wednesday about fourteen young women and the same number of young men enjoyed a " leap year " ( ?) ride for a couple of hours. T he Columbians gave a sleighing party on Friday evening. About forty, in all, drove to Holt, where a chicken pie supper was in readiness for them. A week ago Saturday, six of the young men gave a small sleighing party to an equal number of young women. Prof. Bemies gave an enjoyable sleigh ride on Saturday night to the first and second basket ball teams, both boys and girls, and on return ing they were treated to an oyster supper at his residence. Last Saturday about thirty members of the senior class went on a sleigh ride to Mason. evening Athletes, T a ke N o t i c e! T he weekly athletic contest next Saturday at 2:30 will consist of the pole vault, high kick, shot, running high j u m p, j u m p, running broad standing broad j u m p, wrestling in middle, welter and light weights. All the men entered in any of the track events, including running, should bear in mind that the contest for picking out the track team occurs two weeks, on March 16. Only brace up boys! T he runners will not be chosen term, but we this want good practice in this line from now on to the end of this term, to be in good condition for the spring. A number of the athletes have been having the grippe. last Did you get your T he fifteen cents intercollegiate worth? basket ball game on regular schedule has been played, and the boys put up a star game, winning from Ypsilanti by the score of 25 to S. the It was the We could not pick out the star, it the was a constellation of five of first first magnitude. the season in which the game of first from boys played whistle of the referee. In the pre vious games they did not get warmed up to work soon enough. fast the In the first half Ranney threw two goals from field, and A g n ew one, for Ypsilanti, made two. and Palmer, In the second half both teams put on extra energy, determined to win, and it was a pretty contest. But M. A. C. popped the ball into the goal, with inspiration to the follow two, Balbach ing credits: Leavitt three, A g n ew three, Ranney one, and Leavitt threw a basket from the foul line. In this half Ypsilanti made t wo from field, by Palmer. It was the cleanest and most scientific game seen at M. A. C. But this is only half of it. T he girls had a game immediately after, with the Lansing H i gh School girls, and took them in by the score of 16 to 4. to make T he practice game, a couple of weeks ago, which M. A. C. won, the H i gh only served to School girls more determined win in this first regular game. It was a contest royal, for when A m a zon meets Amazon then comes the tug of war. that lacked T he down town girls played with in they such energy making it effective. Miss Deyar- mond, captain of the M. A. C. team landed three baskets in the first half, while Miss Kinvon threw two goals from the half scoreless, but in the second, Miss Kennedy, captain, dropped in two baskets; while Miss Deyar- mond caged four. fouls. Lansing finished T he Lansing girls certainly got arount in a more lively manner than M. A. C. but our team work counted. the field Attendance and Conferences at A nn Arbor. T he Round-up brought together at A nn Arbor one hundred and the three delegates, various county societies. There were also in attendance about forty institute workers, besides 250 visitors from outside the county. representing institute small, owing local attendance was com T he paratively the severe snow storm which prevailed on Wednesday, but Newberry Hall was well filled each afternoon. to As a result of the conferences which were held each morning, it was determined to group the coun ties so that each crew of two work ers can hold three two-day institutes 0 in contiguous counties each week. This will lessen the expense of the to institutes and make also hold one-day institutes in each county. it possible At the close of the session on Friday afternoon, resolutions were adopted favoring the passage of the national hill, and oleomargarine against the admission of Argentine wool duty free. T h a n ks were extended to the A nn Arbor Business Men's Associa tion; to Pres. Campbell and Secre tary Mills and other members of the local executive committee; to the University Glee, Banjo and Man dolin Clubs and to Piof. Stanley ; to Dr. Angell and members of the faculty, and to Prof. Smith, Supt. of Institutes, for in pro moting the success of the " Round U p ." their work EXCURSION* TO YPSILANTI. A Dleasant feature of the Institu- tute was the excursion to Ypsilanti and the Normal College. This was planned for Thursday forenoon, but owing to the storm it was necessary to postpone it until Friday. Cars were generously provided by the Detroit & Ann Arbor Electric Rail way, and the party of about sixty reached Ypsilanti about nine o'clock. An hour was spent in visiting differ ent classrooms and witnessing calis- thenic exercises in the gymnasium. the chapel was reached, where the students were found assembled. T he chapel exer cises included a short musical pro gram, and at the close short talks were made bv Capt. E. P. Allen, Col Palmer, Prof. Lyman, Prof. Julia King and others. I I. S, f)Pp", A F ten o'clock At Botanical Club. it It A very is known. Today article of interesting paper on "Chicory and its Uses" was read before the Botanical Club by T. G. Phillips. Chicory, a common road side weed in many places, has a va riety of uses concerning which very is used both little as an adulterant and as a substitute is such an for coffee. important c o m m e r ce that it has been necessary to make laws to prevent its own adulteration. It grows best in the territory adapt ed to growing sugar beets, hence although the industry is only in its infancy, a large part of Michigan is to raising-this crop. well adapted F r om his observations in the Sagi naw Valley, Mr. Phillips said that as a whole, chicory was one of the best paying crops a farmer could raise, as it sometimes pays a net profit of $15 to $20 an acre and in prefer many this crop raise ence to , sugar beets. It makes a good feed for stock and the farmer the is enabled culls in his crop with profit. T he soil should be a reasonably level and deep sandy or clayey loam, with a somewhat open and friable subsoil. the soil is not naturally well If drained, tile should be laid before chicory culture is attempted. T he same care in getting good seed should be used as i n . s u g ar beets. T he speaker concluded by giving a description of the factories at Bay City, and exhibited samples of the root in the different stages of roast ing. to thus dispose of G. M. n. • Travel to learn and learn to travel. —Saturday Evening Post. 2 T HE M. A. C. R E C OR D. M A R CH 6, 1900. THE M. A. C. RECORD. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE MIGfllGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. EDITED BY- T HE FACULTY, A S S I S T ED BY T HE S T U D E N T S. S U B S C R I P T I O NS S H O U LD BE S E NT TO T HE S EC R E T A B V, A G R I C U L T U R AL C O L L E G E, M I C H. SUBSCRIPTION, - - 50 CENTS PER TEAR. Send money by P. O. Money Order, Draft, or Kegistered Letter. Do not send stamps. Business Office with L A W R E N CE & V AN B U R EN Printing Co., 122 Ottawa Street East, Lansing, Mich. Entered as second-class matter at Lansing, Mich. For various reasons T HE M. A. C. R E C O RD is occasionally sent to those who have not sub scribed for the paper. Such persons need have no hesitation about taking the paper from the postofflce, for no charge will be made for it. The only way, however, to secure T HE R E C O RD regularly is to subscribe. Official Directory. Y. M. C. A.—Regular meetings Sunday evenings at 7:00 and Thursday evenings at 6:30. C. H. Parker, President. D. S. Bullock, Cor. Secretary. Y. W. G. A.—Weekly meetings for all ladies on the campus, Thursday evenings atf>:20, in Abbot the Y. M. C. A. Hall. Sunday meetings with .Mabel Brigham, President; Elizabeth Johns, Cor, Secretary. •KING'- OAUGH rERS—Meet alternate Wed nesdays. Mrs. J. L. Snyder, Leader. Mrs. W. B. Barrows, Secretary. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY — Meets alternate Wednesday evenings at 6:30 P. M., in the Zoological Lecture Room. B. Barlow, Pres ident. W. K. Wonders, Secretary. BOTANTCAL CLUB—Meets Tuesday evenings at 6:30 in the Botanical Laboratory, G. M. Brad ford, President. Emma Miller, Secretary. ADELPITIC SOCIETY—Meetings every Satur day evening at 7:00, Class room A., College Hall. Win. Krieger,* President. R. Southwick, Secre tary. COLUMBIAN L I T E R A RY S O C IE T V — Meetings every Saturday evening at 7:00. Fourth floor, Williams Hall. Bronson Barlow, President. Burt Wermuth, Secretary. ECLECTIC SOCIETY—Meetings every Satur day evening at 7:00, P'ourth Floor, Williams Hall. D. B. Finch, President. T. G. Phillips, Secretary. F E R O N I AN SOCIETY-Meetings every Thurs day afternoon at 4:00. U. L. S. Rooms. Allie Cimmer, President. Mabel Brigham, Secretary. HESPERIAN SOCIETY-Meetings every Sat urday evening at 7:00. West Ward, Wells Hall. L. S. Christensen, President. H. G. Brisker, Secretary. OLYMPIC SOCIETY-Meetings every Satur day evening at 7:00, Fourth Floor, Williams Hall. T.'L Leavitt. President. D. C. Pierson< Secretary. P HI DELTA SOCIETY—Meetings every Sat urday evening at 7:30, East, Ward, Wells Hall. H. L. Kimball, President. R. L. Himebaugh, Secretary. TIIEM1AN SOCIETY.—Meetings every Fri day afternoon from 5 to 6, Agricultural Laboratory, second floor. Maud Parmelee, President. Mar guerite Nolan, Secretary. UNION LITERARY SOCIETY — Meetings every Saturday evening at 7:00, U. L. S. Hall. E. W. Kanney, President. A. Kocher, Secretary. TAU BETA PI FRATERNITY—Meetings on alternate Thursday evenings. Tower Room, Me-, chanical Laboratory. William Ball, President. C. W. Bale, Secretary. CLUB BOARDING ASSOCIATION—H L. Chamberlain, President. Geo. Severance, Secre tary. Parks, President. M. A. C. ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION—W. T. II. P. Weydemeyer, Secretary. F A R M E R S' CLUB—Meets alternate Wednes day evenings at 6:30 in the Agricultural Labora tory. J. H. Skinner, President. G. M. Odium, Cor. Secretary. M. A. C. CHORUS meets in the Chapel every Monday evening at 6:30. C. H. Parker, President. Gertrude Van Loo, Secretary. Mrs. C.' E. Mar shall, Director. Electrical Distribution of P o w er in a University Shop. J. R. McColl 'go*», professor of mechanical engineering at the Uni versity of Tennessee, has recently had some interesting work in hand which he describes in the October Record of the above institution. in " T he new shops and laboratories for mechanical engineering the University of Tennessee have sev eral new features which the old did not have. A m o ng these is the elec trical transmission of power in place of the old line-shaft system. There were many reasons w hy the change was thought advisable." He gives the f o l l o w i n g : — T he small portion of the power of the prime very lastly, insignificant, thirty per cent, in floors above, — and mover used at the machines—is to 20 per cent, in the machine shop and about the wood-working d e p a r t m e n t , — " T he fact that the machines could be put in any position or in the remotest laboratory of the University due to the convenience of applying power at any point" " t he possibil , ity of putting all machines on solid concrete floors with no overhead belting or shafting to shake the lab oratory but not the oppor tunity afforded engineering students to standard-make motors As test a series of ." the old shops was made up of high grade to retain it was desired machines these in the new shops, and all of the greater part of is given to a description of the changes necessary to adapt the machines to the new conditions. He gives in some detail the methods adopted in several lathes, a shaper, a universal tool grinder and a planer. the machine shop each tool is driven by a separate motor, excepting in a few cases where one motor is connected to the wood working shop, the machines were so grouped that they could be driven from two motors. the equipment of two machines. the paper In In is slightly more Iri his discussion of the new sys tem, he states that, using the effi ciency for the generator given by the makers, the efficiency of the sys than 50 per tem cent. " It may be noted that these results are not quite a fair compari son with the old those given for shops—for the reason that the Coun ter-shafts in the new shops have in most cases become parts of the indi vidual machines and the efficiency of the motor is figured outside of the attachments; while in the old shops for the tests the coun "utilized p o w e r" beyond Tests have tershafts. not been made yet to determine w h at per centage of the power required for any machine is absorbed in driving the countershaft gearing for efficiency were - ." the new A glance at Prof. McColl concludes as follows: " Aside from the question of utility, the old, of the new system over the there is one which appeals to aesthetic. the cuts showing the appearance of the old shops, will make and apparent a marked change for the in this particular. No one better who has tried electrical distribution of power, with convenience, flexibility and neatness, as well as its economy, would ever consider the line-shaft question of replacing the and belting. T h at it is more and more to displace the oider system in all manufacturing establishments is beyond question." its T he article is well illustrated by reproductions of photographs and drawings. Professor McColl ac knowledges his indebtedness to C. E. Ferris, '90/72, professor of machine important assistance in design, for carrying out the details of the under taking. H o g a n —" Do ye belave in dreams, Mike ? " D u g a n —" Faith an' I do! Lasht night I dremt that I was awake, an' in the mornin' me dream kern thrue."—Princeton Tiger. A dictionary of college slang is being prepared by Dr. Babbitt, of Columbia University. All colleges their are requested words " peculiar to themselves " witl comprehensive definitions.—Ex. to contribute T he Round Up at A nn Arbor. T he Institute " R ^ u nd U p" opened in Newberry Hall, Ann Arbor, Tuesday afternoon, F e b. 27, for a four days' session. H o n. William Campbell, Presi dent of the Washtenaw Farmer's Institute Society, presided. T he topic for the first session was " T he Soil," and it was discussed by various speakers from different stand points. Dr. KeJzie was first called upon for " T HE C H E M I S T 'S V I E W ." the ash of plants. Of T he soil is not an inert mass, nor is it merely a stage on which plants perform the drama of growth. Vari ous chemical and physical changes are going on at all times, and the the soil is gradually substance of rendered available for plant food. Of the seventy.eight elements, only in plants, and of thirteen are found the air, while these four come from the soil and nine are obtained from these, form the silica makes up one-fourth of in vast earth, while lime amounts. Most of the others are in small amounts, but are of the utmost importance. Phosphoric acid and potash are often present in such that plants cannot small quantities secure the amount needed for their large growth. Clay amounts of potash^and as this ele ment becomes available slowly, a clay soil is not readily exhausted. soils contain is found T he farmer by plowing, cultivat ing, draining and other operations, opens up the Soil to the action of air, Water, gases and frost, and renders these reserve materials available for plant use. Cultivation also pro motes nitrification. T he soil is a factory and not a mine, as a mine is gradually worked out and exhausted, the workshop of while the soil is God, where is woven the fabric of the vegetable, and the foundation of animal life. T he best large soils amounts of humus, or decaying veg etable matter, which renders it i]4 to 2^ degrees warmer; it retains water and nitrogen, and is the source of carbon dioxide which is taken into solution in water and breaks up the limestone and feldspar and sets free potash and other elements of plant food. Sulphur also is of much benefit in disintegrating the soil. contain Nitrogen is obtained in vast quan tities from the South American de posits in the form of Chili saltpetre, but the nitre plant is also at work in the soil. W h en a solution of nitrate of potash passes through soil the pot ash is retained, while the nitrogen leaches out as nitrate of calcium or magnesium. is kept If this covered with growing crops valuable element will be saved, as it will be taken up by them. land the " T HE SOIL AS T HE B A C T E R I O L O G I ST S E ES I T ." considered was by Prof. Mar shall, who gave the following sum mary of the work of the bacteria in the soil: " 1. T he fermentation of organic matter, resulting in the setting free of ammonia compounds along with others. 2. T he action of nitrifying bacteria upon the fer mentation products. 3. T he libera tion of free ammonia in the fermen tation abstraction. libera tion of free nitrogen by means of denitrifying bacteria in their action upon nitrates. 5. T he abstraction of free nitrogen from the air by bac teria, and its conversion into a form 4. T he assimilable by plants. 6. T he ab the straction of free nitrogen from air by bacteria and its conversion into a form in which it may act upon to arable rocks and reduce soil. them G R E EN M A N U R I N G. in Prof. J. D. T o w ar in his talk on " Green Manuring," defined a fertile soil as one rich in the elements of plant food and full of organic mat ter. Virgin humus is more and more valued now that it is gone, as, when humus is present, nitrogen is- retained, water is held the soil and the work of the bacteria is aided^ It lightens clays and binds the sands. fallows have lifted While summer farms, mortgages from Michigan they have p'aced a mortgage on the soil as they have tended to exhaust its fertility. Much can be done to- restore t he the crops, ma roots and stubble of nure and straw, but the benefits of green manuring should not be over looked, as it will aid in supplement It is especi ing the other sources. farmer ally valuable and fruit grower'. it by plowing under to the mixed for soil the time if we wish Crops may be grown either for consumption or improve ment. T he soil should be kept cov to ered all of get all of the mineral food possible, as loss it will be taken up and its prevented. T he shading of the soil aids the bacteria in developing more their food. Many crops also send roots into the lower soil and bring up plant food. W h en leguminous crops are grown on a soil deficient it from in nitrogen, they will take in the soil for the air and leave it they do not add other crops, but mineral matter as they only leave what they have taken from the soil. Green manuring should be secured from catch crops. With grain crops these may be used as a part of the Peas, oats and vetches rotation. may be sown the spring; cow in peas and soy beans in the early sum m e r; winter vetch, crimson clover, and oats in the late summer; and the fall. wheat and winter rye in Good results can be obtained from crimson clover, or oats and peas after wheat and corn. turning large amounts of green material in warm weather will leave acids in the soil that may injure the g r o w th of the is turned following crop unless under several weeks before the crop is sown. T he use of is also beneficial. under lime T he of it the analysis of SOIL P H Y S I C S. In the absence of Colon C. Lillie, Prof. Jeffrey gave a shoit but very interesting talk upon " Soil Physics." This subject has for its object the study of the soil and the mastery of that will produce those conditions chemical, bacterial and other changes, by controlling the heat, moisture and air in the soil. T he successful g r o w th of crops depends upon the favorable condition of the soil. T h u s, if w a t er is lacking, crops cannot be g r o w n, the worn-out and soils of Virginia shows more of plant food than in the best lands ot Maryland. T he moisture and air contents and the temperature condi tions depend upon the physical con ditions. Soil physics shows that the openings between the soil particles to one-half occupy from one-third more space than the particles them selves. T he water in the soil at the opening of spring, if saved, is gen erally sufficient to grow a good crop is without seldom saved. rainfall, but it further M A R CH 6, 1900. T HE M. A. C. R E C O R D. in increase to pulverize T he Campbell system, now in the western states, has pro use in the duced a marked yield of wheat and other crops in that semi-arid section. T he soil is first dragged the sur face; it is next plowed and a sub surface packer is used once a week during the fall and in the spring be fore the wheat is sown. T he drills are far enough apart to permit of the cultivation of the whe t until nearly ready for harvesting. T he packing of the soil aids in the up ward movement of the soil water, while lessens -the the cultivation evaporation fron the surface. TILLAGE. in food " T i l l a ge in Theory and Practice," •was discussed by Roland Morrill of Benton Harbor. Before the actual tillage is commenced the soil should be in correct mechanical condition, and contain the needed amount of plant food. Only use as much land as you can till well. Tillage is ma nure, as it unlocks Nature's store house of plant the soil. W h i le different crops require vari ous kinds of treatment, tillage is for the purpose of conserving moisture, and incidentally to kill weeds. In preparing land for corn, plow early the and cultivate it at once to hold moisture. After planting use the harrow frequently to kill the weeds the soil. and prevent the baking of the If the soil is heavy and wet the early cultivations may be to depth of three or four inches, but later in the season two inches will be ample. TUESDAY EVENING. T he session of Tuesday evening •was opened bv a song the University Glee Club, which was encored. from T he addresses arranged for the evening related to higher education, and the presidents of the University, the- Agricultural and Normal and Colleges, and a member of the Board of Control of .each institution, were to give their ideas of what they could do for the people of the state. DR. ANGELL ON THE UNIVERSITY. In against criticisms introducing his remarks, -Dr. Angell of the University welcomed the delegates to A nn Arbor. T he principal the University come from people who have never visited it and, as he could not transport it for exhibition to all parts of the state, he was much pleased that so representative a body had come to Ann Arbor to visit it. T he University and the other state institutions belong to the people of the state, and the officers in charge are their servants to administer them. T he early settlers of Michigan were from N ew Y o rk and N ew E n g l a n d, and as many of them were well educated, took the blessings of steps to secure higher education to their children. Money was scarce, but congress had made grants of land for endowing institutions of learning, and, by dis posing of the land grant, means for establishing the University were secured. they at once Since that time more than 30,000 in attendance, students have been this year more than 3,300 are and have enrolled. Of these one-half total come from farm homes. T he state appropriations for the support of the University have been less than the cost of a single battleship. » T he object of the University is to give a high, general education, but it has also furnished many teachers for agricultural colleges, and investiga tors along agricultural lines. T he work done in the laboratories has also been of much value to the farm ing interests of the country. T he aim has been, first of all, to make men, as, if you cannot make a man of a student, you cannot make anything of him. T he graduates are scattered from ocean to ocean, and for a number of years the University of Michigan has had a larger number in congress than any other college in the country. T wo of the five commissoners who negotiated the treaty of peace with Spain had been U. of M. students, and it is likely that there will be the same proportion on the Philippine commission. THE NORMAL COLLEGE. In the less the absence of Dr. Leonard, Prof. L y m an spoke for the Normal that one College. He considers strong feature which to a large ex tent accounts for the success attained by our educational institutions is that they have the people back of them. T he Normal College has had a increase in the number of regular its students, which has grown from 330 in 1SS2 to 1,100 in 1900. T he State now has three normal schools, that at Ypsilanti having been estab second was lished in 1S50; opened at Mt. Pleasant than five years ago, but it now has 500 the new school at students, while than Marquette already has more seventy. Most of the students are Michigan boys and girls, and on graduating 98 per cent, of those who teach go into Michigan schools. As yet no attention has been training, but as given with all of the better professional schools, it is thought necessary for all students to take sufficient aca demic work to form a basis for their training. T h ey must be technical scholars themselves that they may know what teach. Many normal schools turn out ma chine teachers, who do not have an academic training and their teaching deteriorates after the first year, but in this respect the Michigan State Normal Schools are exceptions. in order- to to manual agricultural, mechanical and wom en's, and in addition to the technical instruction the students are given a thorough general training. F R OM T HE BOARDS OF CONTROL. Col. H . - S. Dean of the Board of Regents of the University said that proud as the people of Michigan had reason to be of her farms, man ufacturing establishments and mines, they should be prouder still of the school system, crowned by the Uni versity which stands second to none. Prof. Johnson of A nn Arbor spoke for the Normal schools, stat ing that Michigan was the fourth state to establish a the Union normal school, and that the Normal fifth College at Ypsilanti was the school to be opened. Of all the schools in the country it ranks first in the character of its instruction. in Business men employ specialists their work, but to take charge of too often allow their children to be trained by amateurs. the State to Capt. E. P. Alien of referred Board of Agriculture the good work done by the Agri cultural College in turning out well- trained men and women, who are able to grapple with the problems them on the farm, in that confront the the shop, or the h o m e; while general education that they receive is a good foundation for technical training along other lines. 8 A. M. F e b. 2 8: T he conference of county delegates occurred with Prof. C. D. Smith in the chair. T he matter of the number of regular workers that should be sent to each institute, and the matter of institutes upon Mondays holding and Saturdays called some very spirited discussions on the part of the delegates. forth It was finally decided by a very institutes these days. to be laid marked majority should be held upon T he other question had over until later. that So interesting was the work of the conference, that instead of clos ing at 9 o'clock as it should have, according to program, it was 9: 30 when the morning session of the in stitute opened. THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. LESSONS OF THE YEAR IN GROW President Snyder claimed that the agricultural and mechanical colleges their own. have a field peculiarly that T he ordinance of 1787 asserts religion, morality and intelligence are necessary to good citizenship, but no one can be- a good citizen who does not have the ability to earn a living for himself and family. In the early days the educational institutions were intended to prepare men to follow the so-called learned professions, but a feeling finally arose that education should also be avail able to to follow those who were industrial callings, as the changed conditions emphasized import ance of broadening the higher edu cation. the that In 1862 the Morrill Act was It provided for the estab passed. lishment of colleges should teach such branches of learning as will fit the children of the industrial classes for the various pursuits and callings of life. This has led to the opening of agricultural colleges in each of the states, and has brought the educational system to meet the needs of the present time. T he Michigan Agricultural Col lege furnishes instruction in all of the sciences that relate to the opera tion of farm, shop and home. T h e re are three distinct four-year courses, ING FARM CROPS. " Lessons of the Year in W h e at G r o w i n g ," was presented by Mr. A. M. Brown, of Schoolcraft. Fol thoughts lowing are some of the gleaned from his paper: these In later years new elements have entered into wheat growing. It costs some It costs some thing to grow wheat. thing to go through the motions of growing wheat. T h at when a man grew 13 bu. of wheat per acre and sold it in Chi cago at 62c. per bu., he must get $6.50 per acre for his straw to come out even. T he only way to make wheat growing pay is to increase the yield; to do this the most necessary thing is to increase the fertility of the soil. T he general wheat failure of last year was due, 1 st, to lack of moisture, 2d, to the Hessian flv. T he occasional good yields of the year he attrib uted, 1st, to the mechanical condition of the soil, and 2d, to the humus present. the too He condemns careful the pulverizing and smoothing of soil in the preparation of tfee c- 1 bed for wheat, but favors the ing of the surface rough and lumpy that the snow of winter may be held to protect the crop from frost and for furnish moisture upon melting 3 the future use of the crop. T he frosts would pulverize and level the lumps and inequalities of the surface before spring, and cover the exposed roots. H u m us in the soil offers resistance to frost and regulates its action, and helps to conserve moisture. Fertil is the Alpha and Omega of ity It assists even in wheat growing. combatting the Hessian fly. Seed makes less difference than is usually supposed. F ew wheats will do well on a poor soil, and few will not do well on good soil. T h e re is no time at which wheat may be sown that it may escape the ravages of fly. Sow the Hessian early, that the plant may, if possible, make good g r o w t h, and be in best condition to withstand the attack if the fly does come. In that the discussion things were said, but followed this paper, many good ami interest space ing will not permit their repetition here. in Corn Growing," was presented by Mr. E. A. Croman of Grass Lake. He said in part:— " Lessons of the Year " So large crops of corn cannot be T he grown now as were grown former is made ly. ideal cornfield from clover sod well manured in summer or early fall, and plowed in the fall if the soil will permit; if not, in early spring. Drag or culti vate or both transformed till into a deep mellow seed bed. is it Save vour own seed rather than purchase from neighbors or seed- men. Select from field while still on the stalk, selecting ears which mature early, have good form, are well filled, are of medium size, and are growing upon stalks typical for fodder. It may be desirable to cross-breed to secure a corn that possesses all the qualities, as the speaker himself had done. the top of Test seed before planting, using for germinator a box of soil well moistened; upon the moist soil, place a hundred or more of the seeds to be tested, cover with a moist cloth, and place in warm place. After a few days remove the cloth, and count the unsprouted seeds. Plant with planter, and harrow after every rain till ready to cultivate. Cultivate once a week. Such soil is ready for fall wheat or rye without plowing. A very spirited discussion this paper. followed T he paper by Prof. J. D. T o w a r, on " R e s u l ts of Experiments with L e g u m e s" was listened to with ex ceptional interest and called forth a great many questions throughout the reading. After speaking of the early work of Hellriegel, in which he demon strated that Legumes had the power to grow without being supplied with nitrogen, while under similar con ditions cereals died, and of the work of Lawes and Gilbert in which they demonstrated that the nitrate content of soil after yielding a crop of clover was greater than after yielding a cereal crop, and that the effect was noticable in the following crops, he spoke of the hardiness, yields, and legume value, of members of family experimented with at the College Experiment Station. These crimson red, alsike, and included clovers, peas, cow peas, alfalfa, and sand lucern. the In his paper on " Rotation of C r o p s" Mr. A. E. Palmer of Kal kaska, made observations. some very practical 4 T HE M. A. C. R E C O R D. M A R CH 6, 1900. are Some crops Due to our methods of handling our farms, nature is failing to re spond to our labor, in a way com mensurate with the labor bestowed. A cereal crop may not do well when following a cereal crop. A hoed crop may not do well after a hoed crop. shallow rooted, and feed near the surface, others are deep rooted and feed deep down. Some crops long periods to mature, as the corn and oota'o, others but a short period. The root systems of the different the mechanical condi- :rops affect :ion of the soil differently. Differ- ;nt crops are accompanied each with its own peculiar pest of weed or parasite. T he above facts seemed to demand a rotation of crops. He considered a short rotation better than a long one, and offered as an ideal one corn, wheat, clover. require Mr. Palmer believes that we plow three that once in too much, and years is often enough. " N ew Helps in Potato G r o w i n g" was the title of a talk by Mr. M. the M. A. C. This L. Dean of to talk was short and very much the point. little the vitality of Select good seed. T he best time is at potato digging. Select tubers typical in size, form, etc. Care for the seed carefully, to prevent heat ing, sprouting, etc., all of which affect tuber. the treat with corro Before planting, each sive sublimate, and quarter It good-sized potato lengthwise. makes difference whether plants in trenches or hills. R o ws should be y/2 feet apart. Hills should be 12 to 15 inches apart to 30 for early potatoes and 24 inches the to late, one piece hill. Cultivate often, following flat cultivation. early — don't Spray wait for the potato enemies to ap pear. Certain machines are helpful, — but don't buy a machine you don't need,— use in the matter. No end of enthusiasm was aroused among the members as was shown by the questions that were sprung. judgment for T he session of Wednesday after noon was devoted to fruit growing, the first speaker being Roland Mor rill of Benton Harbor who spoke on LESSONS OF THE YEAR IN PEACH GROWING. locations for T he strip along the west side of the state, or the " Peach Belt," has always been most reliable for grow ing this crop, but, even there, some sections are better than others, and the experience of the past season has shown the folly of using any thing but the most favorable, ele vated this crop. A difference of four feet in elevation full has made the difference of a feet and a half crop, while four lower has given no crop. T he higher locations may give a good crop in a poor year and. this will bring high prices. Hundreds of acres of good corn land have been planted though to peaches even utterly unsuited for it and failures have resulted'. Many growers have failed to give proper attention to tillage. T he peach is at its north ern in Michigan, and care should be taken to grow the trees as large and strong as possible, and have ripen properly. T h ey can be made to reach in three or four years, a size as large as they commonly attain in eight years. them limit P l ow the orchard shallow, early in the spring, then follow with spring- tooth and smoothing harrows, or a weeder, if the soil is not too heavy. Sow oats at the last cultivation in August. Mound for borers in the fall, and spray for leaf- curl and vellows, early in the spring. Cut back the branches from one- half to two-thirds early in the spring and thin the fruit. trees the APPLE GROWING. S. H. Fulton of the South Haven Sub-Experiment Station spoke of the apple crop of last year as com the paratively small, except where orchards were cultivated, pruned and sprayed. Fruit from these orchards brought a good price, while the in ferior fruit from neglected orchards brought much lower prices. Three- fourths of the apple trees in Michi gan are in the four southern tiers of counties, Oakland county leading in acreage. Statistics show that there has been a falling off in the southern and central portions. Old orchards are receiving better care in many sections, but the plant ings are small except, in Oceana, N e w a y g o, Saginaw and Oakland counties. cultivated, pruned Apple growing, under proper con ditions, is profitable, and we should either take better care of our old orchards or plant new ones. Last year many old orchards that were plowed, and sprayed, gave large crops of smooth fruit. T he trees should be headed moderately low, for convenience in pruning, spraying and gathering the the soil should be cultivated fruit; to conserve moisture and food for the trees, and plant food should be supplied. T he carefully graded and at once placed in bar rels or fruit houses and not left for weeks on the ground. should be fruit NEW TIME IDEAS IN F R U IT GROW ING. In his lecture upon this subject Prof. Bailey illustrated the changes that have taken place by comparing the first fruit book published in 1726 with those of the present day. One- fourth of the early book was devoted to cider, and nearly all of the vari eties mentioned were recommended for cider. N ow we grow apples the best books set for down principles, which are to be worked over and if they apply put into actual practice^ fruit culture is tillage, and yet Downing's " F r u i ts and Fruit Trees of Amer ica " gives but one page to this sub ject, while several hundred are de voted to varieties. T he fundamental the underlying fruit, and idea in the appreciate T he fruit growers of N ew Y o rk are beginning the to value of tillage, and it is estimated the that that state through im orchards of proved methods of tillage, equals the entire cost of both of the N ew Y o rk experiment stations. increased value of Deep plowing is desirable in pre paring orchards for planting if the land is hard, and heavy land should be plowed each spring for a number of years thereafter, but after that it is not necessary except to turn under a green crop. Ordinarily, plow in the spring, and cultivate frequently until the period of growth is over. Later, put on some cover crop. Canada peas and oats make a good cover crop. In selecting varieties the soil, loca tion and the market requirements should be considered. Fruit of fine quality will bring good prices in special markets. T he markets of the Old World, especially England and Germany should be cultivated. Only the best fruit, honestly graded, and carefully packed in crates should increase the be exported. Barrels cost of ocean freight, and the fruit does not open up well after rolling down the long gangways. " NEW THOUGHTS ON SMALL FRUITS," was the subject of an entertaining talk by J. N. Stearns of Kalamazoo. Small fruits have been both his financial and physical salvation. F ew farmers grow enough for their own use, but require their wives to pre pare 1,095 meals per year from the pork and flour barrels, and potato bin. . raspberries at in the spring. Mulch Plant in long rows in connection with it the vegetable garden, and will be but little trouble to care for them. In growing strawberries do not allow the rows to become more than It pays twelve inches wide. best to fruit the commercial planta tion only once, but the farmer can get two or more crops. Even rasp berries and blackberries should be renewed often, four crops of fruit being more profitable than eight. Never take plants from old beds. Pinch back blackberries and black- two feet, and prune back the strawberries in early winter, and, if you cannot readily obtain straw or marsh hay, sow oats in August or in bush S e p t e m b e r ^ a l so desirable fruits. W h en strawberries are grown for three years, the ground should not be used again for this crop under five years. Several in the audience claimed that they could riot afford to raise small fruits, as they could buy them their neighbors, who were from specialists, for to less than raise them, but this was denied by others and the point was brought out that, when they were purchased, the quantity used was generally much smaller than when grown on the farm. T he use of plenty of fruit is healthful and reduces' doc tor's bills. it cost Mr. Stearns recommended Jessie, Haveriand and Brandywine as three strawberries for home use. He also spoke highly of wood ashes as a fertilizer for fruit of all kinds. T h ey give yield, color and quality. " F U N G I C I D E S, I N S E C T I C I D ES ' A ND S P R A Y I N G" and first-class to g r ow insecticides, T he W as discussed by Prof. Taft. increase insects in the number of and plant diseases makes it impos f r u it sible trees are sprayed. unless the In to make a rational use of order one fungicides should understand the nature of the various pests which infest our fruits. Most of the insects that are com monly troublesome obtain their food by biting off and consuming portions of the leaves, or fruit, and for these the use of some arsenite, such as Paris green, London or white arsenic, will be found effectual. Paris green at the rate of one pound in 150 to 200 gallons of water will be best for small growers, but, for large commercial plantations, white arsenic will be much cheaper. This can be prepared by boiling one pound of arsenic and two pounds of lime in two gallons freshly slaked of water for forty minutes, and then diluting to 300 to 400 gallons. T he best results are obtained when the arsenites are used with Bordeaux mixture, but, in its place, lime may be added at the rate of one pound in purple twenty gallons. This will be found effectual, if applied thoroughly, for the canker worm, codling moth, curculio and other troublesome in insects, use sucking sects. tobacco water, kerosene and water, or kerosene emulsion. F or As a fungicide, the best results are secured with copper sulphate, or "blue-stone," either as a solution at the rate of one pound in fifteen gal lons of water, or in Bordeaux mix ture, which is composed of one pound of copper sulphate and one pound of lime for each ten gallons of water. T he use of these materials is thought by some to have a good effect against such troublesome dis eases as peach yellows and pear blight, while they will to a great degree prevent injury from nearly all fungousdiseases,if the application is thorough and if it is made before the disease has appeared. Leaf curl of the peach can be en tirely prevented by a single applica tion of copper solution before the first of April. sulphate F or the spraying of large orchards one should have a tank holding eight or ten barrels and a powerful p u mp two lines of hose, equipped with extension four nozzles. rods and at least L I Q U ID A I R. On Wednesday evening the dele gates assembled in the lectuie room of the old medical building to listen to a lecture by Dr. Paul C. F r e e r. T he university has a three horse power liquid air machine, presented by Mr. Brush of Cleveland. in the Dr. Freer was introduced by Pres. Snyder, and expressed his ap preciation at the interest shown by the large attendance, about 250 hav ing ventured out in the storm. He to the old theory that all referred substances were three classes, gases, liquids and solids, while we now believe that all substances may be changed from one class to the tem other by merely varying perature and pressure. T h u s, water is a liquid, but if heated to 212 de grees it boils and becomes steam, a gas, while if cooled to 32 degrees it In the same takes on a solid form. way air at a temperature of 300 de grees below zero becomes a liquid. In 1822 it was found that chlorine gas could be liquified, and in 1S77 the first machine to liquify air was constructed. Dr. Freer showed diagrams of these early machines, which subjected the air to a pressure of 300 to 400 atmospheres'and to a low temperature. into a reservoir T he modern liquid air machine consists of an air compresser, which forces air from which it passes into the inner one of a triple coiled tube at a pressure of 200 atmospheres. At the end of the coil it passes through a valve into the middle one of these tubes, the pressure is but sixteen where this it passes atmospheres. F r om to the outer tube with a pressure of but one atmosphere. is passed several the times until it becomes a liquid and the can be drawn same as water. T he cooling is largely due to relieving the pressure as the gas passes from one tube to another, and as the gas thus cooled tube passes which surrounds the one that con tains air under a higher pressure it exerts a cooling effect upon it. To illustrate the cooling effect produced pressure, D r. the by Freer allowed liquid carbonic acid, from a faucet in each case reducing T he air through into a tubes M A R CH 6, 1990. T HE M. A. C. R E C O R D. which was under a pressure of thirty-nine atmosphere.1-, to escape, when took on a sclid form re sembling snow, with a temperature of 105 degrees below zero. it T he liquid air used in the experi ments was in a double walled flask to prevent the warming and evapo rating of the liquid air. T he air is the space between exhausted from the walls of the flask, as a vacuum is one of insulators. T he outer surface of the flask was sil vered, as a smooth surface absorbs less heat than a rough one. the best the W h en table, it ran off liquid air, which is a colorless fluid, was turned out upon the in drops and vaporized the same as water from a reel hot stove. This was not strange, as the d.fference in the temperature of the liquid air at 300 degrees be low zero and the surface of the desk at 70 degrees, is about the same as that of water at the ordi between nary red hot and a In both cases it wac, by con stove. tact with substance, the warmer raised above the boiling point, and passed into a gaseous state. temperature the A small amount in a test tube, which was placed in a beaker of cold water was thus made to boil, while the liquid air was so much cooler than the water that a mass of ice was formed about the lower end test tube; and a test tube of of liquid air was so much cooler than the air of the room that it condensed the moisture in the air and produced a miniature snow storm, while small icicles formed on the test tube. A rubber cork placed in liquid air for one minute was frozen so hard that, it on pounding it with a hammer, cracked like glass. W h en a lighted taper w'as placed it burned even more freely, and a piece of burning charcoal burned freely in liquid air, and the carbonic acid re sulting from the combustion was de posited as a solid, thus showing that the temperature was more than 105 degrees below zero after the com bustion had been going on for some minutes. liquid air in To show the effect of the burning liquid air upon ptoperties of illuminating gas, Dr. Freer passed it in a brass tube through liquid air, and was able to nearly extinguish the flame, a faint blue blaze only remaining. T he liquid air was thus able to freeze all of the gas except hydrogen amount of the is which One of to liquefy as it requires a temperature of only 35 degrees above absolute zero, which is 456 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. it contained. Hydrogen the most difficult gases small T he University machine is only able to supply one and one-half pints of liquid air in two hours, but the to build a much authorities hope larger machine the coming summer. COOPERATION IN EDUCATION. the University, upon At the close of the lecture by Dr. to the audience proceeded Freer University Hall where they were treated to a short organ recital by Prof. Stanley, upon the great Col umbian organ. This was followed by the address of Dr. R. M. Wenley, of the " Im portance of Co-operation in Educa tion." In a practical way the farm er can co-operate with his neighbors and friends, in matters relating to the growth of their crops. Man is an imitative animal and, although unconscious of it, he is likely to fol low his neighbors along lines that seem worthy of imitation. T h e re is a growing need for There are sc.entific knowledge on the farm, and every farmer has an ample labo ratory in his farm, and apparatus in his implements. two forms of expression. T h at by means of the hand is used by the farmer, but he neglects too much expres sion by the mouth. He should meet with his neighbors in institute?, the farmer's clubs and the Grange, information. and give and receive In the farm there is ample opportunity for consideration and insti tute is an altar raised to the develop ment of the farmer, and the more attention that is paid to them, and to co-operation, the better for the community. T he agricultural class is the backbone of the country be cause the farmer's leading character istic, stability, is developed by his contact with Nature. thought. T he the work of farmer's TREND OF AGRICULTURAL EDU CATION. Prof. L. H. Bailey of Cornell University, was introduced as a son of Michigan and a graduate of M. In open A. C. in the class of 1SS2. ing his address he expressed his pride in the State of his birth, and, as a Michigander, he felt particularly proud of her educational system, with the graded schools and co-ordi nated higher institutions of learning. T he University stands at the head of the system. Another, the Nor mal School, is for the propagation of education, while the Agricultural College is for the development of her industrial interests. the manv. In the old days, education was for the few, but it has gradually become The the property of idea of an institution for agricultural education is not a new one, as one in 1651 by a friend was projected of Milton. T he first actually es tablished was in 1763 in F r a n c e; five were in- H u n g a ry from 1771 to 1797, and others were opened in Bohemia and Germany. founded the T he teaching importance cf and example of Washington during the latter part of the last century attracted attention to agricultural education, and the idea of starting an agricultural college was consid ered between 1790 and 1S00, but the plan was killed at a general meeting of farmers. In 1S29, a bona Jide agricultural college was established at Derby, Conn., but soon passed out of exist ence. About 1833 a second was at College Hill, near established Cincinnati. It kept open until the opening of the war, and afterwards was again placed on its feet, Dr. J o hn A. Warder, the well known pomologist, was professor of agri culture, and Mr. Carey, brother of the sweet singers, was connected with it. In 1854 a school of agriculture was established at Oberlin, O., but after one year it was removed to Cleveland, and two years later be- became the agricultural department of the University of Ohio. T he Michigan Agricultural College was opened is the oldest agricultural college. in 1S57, and the In 1862 the Hon. J. S. Morrill secured land the passage of grant act, the noblest effort for the education of industrial classes. One of the fundamental principles was that they should teach practical agriculture, and the establishment of agricultural colleges was a protest against the old style of education. the Prof. Bailey traced the develop ment of the agricultural colleges in the different states, and of two new the e>tab!i-,bment of movements, schools and training intermediate agricultural high school*. Refer ence was made to the College exten study sion work, and leaflets that are placed in the hands of the children. We hope to print the final portion of Prof. Bailey's address in full next week. the nature SUGAR BEET CONFERENCE. One of the most interesting; in structive and enthusiastic meetings of the Institute was the conference of farmers, scientists and beet sugar manufacturers. T h e re were present Dr. H. W. Wiley, chemist of the Department of Agriculture, Wash ington, D. C, Dr. Kedzie of M. A. C, Dr. Perry F. T r o w b r i d ge of the U. of M., a large number of farmers who have grown beets for sugar factories, and chemists, stockholders and managers representing several beet sugar factories. generally approved. Prof. Smith presided at the meeting, and presented some of the questions of difference and doubt that the past two years' experience has left un answered. Dr. Kedzie read a paper on " T he Relation of the Farmer to the Factory." Methods of the vari ous factories in taking samples of. beets for determining tare and sugar content were presented, criticised and otherwise discussed. T he methods were T he faults of carrying out the methods were, as a rule, ascribed to men ap pointed to do this work. T he deter mination of marc, the factor which is to convert sugar employed in the juice the beet, was in thoroughly explained. Dr. Wiley that normal beets ran very stated uniform in this respect and that the per cent, of marc should be about five, making a factor of .c>5, though he admitted that certain conditions increase the marc to 7 per might cent., permitting a .93. D r. T r o w b r i d ge gave results of his investigations the past season in sev eral that factories. He concluded .93 or .93 was not an unfair factor under such conditions as prevailed in the fall of 1899. factor of to sugar Utilization of pulp and other by products received a share of the attention. Dr. W'iley recommended drying the pulp, and with ground cornstalks and the residual molasses the formation of a press cake which could be used to advantage as a feed for fattening animals. Where fuel is scarce the pulp may be dried and burned. to be valuable as a fertilizer as most of our American soils seem to be lack ing in this material. Several other questions such as methods of cutting samples from beets for analysis, stor ing beets, adaptation of low-lands for beet growing, etc., received atten tion. lime ought T he It was a grand and harmonious meeting. Everybody talked freely and the questions were usually an swered to the general satisfaction of the promise was mani all, while fested that existing differences be tween farmer and factorymen would soon be things of the past. SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION. Dr. H. W. Wiley spoke of the results secured by beet growers in different parts of the country. In California, although they have little or no rain after the beets are planted, they g r ow good crops. V e ry thor ough cultivation and subterranean moisture make this possible. T he seed is sown at intervals from J a n u ary to J u n e, so that the operations of planting, thinning and harvesting are distributed over nearly the en tire year. T h ey never have to pro tect the beets from cold. In Utah beets are grown under irrigation, and the crop is very pro fitable, as large crops can be de pended upon. is In Michigan, N ew Y o rk and Northern Indiana the conditions are very favorable, as thera is a reason rainfall, sunshine able amount of and heat, which for required g r o w i ng beets and producing sugar. Farther south the results are not so satisfactory as there are extremes of heat and moisture, with a lack of sunshine, and to the north and west we find temperature and moisture quite variable, and early frosts are Factories are being troublesome. built localities, but is likely to centralize the industry in sections suited the to g r o w i ng beets. in unfavorable Sugar beet culture has had a the agricul wonderful effect upon ture of other countries. It has taught the farmers the art of agri culture and has led them to improve their soil. Beets need large amounts of potash, phosphoric acid and ni trogen and should not be grown oftener five years. Dr. Wiley also spoke of the need of national pure food legislation as state in other states, and innocent parties often suffer. laws have no control than once in four or On Thursday evening Dr. Wiley spoke upon "Beet Sugar Manufac ture," and explained the different processes and showed views of fac the different machines tories and used from both beets and cane. in making sugar T he exercises of Thursday even in University Hall, ing were held and were varied by music by the Banjo and Mandolin clubs, and by Prof. Stanley on the organ. T wo of the speakers, Geo. B, Horton, master of the State Grange, and Secretary Bird were not able to be present. THE FARMERS' CLUBS. A. N. Kimrnis, of Midland, spoke of the " W o rk of F a r m e r s' C l u b s ," which have for their object the ad vancement of the social, moral, intel lectual and financial interests of their results show a members. T he marked benefit along all of these lines, although the financial benefits have been such as naturally accrue from development along the other lines. T he clubs have bad much weight in state political matters, and the measures they have advocated have resulted in the saving of thou sands of dollars to the people of the state. He especially commended the work of Secretary Bird who has had charge the Farmers' Club page in the of for several years. Michigan Farmer THE FARMER AS A CITIZEN. that no office T he address of E x - G o v. Luce on this subject, shows that he has lost none of his old fire and enthusiasm. He considered is higher, and that none imposes more than American, important forefathers de citizenship. clared that all men are created free and equal, and placed the crown of sovereignty on the heads of her citi zens. duties Our Aside from morality and ability, a is equally third virtue, industry, important. Farmers are more hon the average of other men, est than confront as the that temptations is them are the children especially less numerous. This true while 6 T HE M. A. C. R E C O R D. M A R CH 6, 1900. are young, as on the farm the fath ers and mothers can give more at tention to them. institutions, is not represented farm the State in T he the t wo of Industrial Schools for boys and girls. Much attention is given to the gov ernment of the people of the city, but, although a lusty half of the in the country, no one people live worries about managing them, as they can not only govern themselves, but are also able to defend the honor and life of the nation; T he morning session of Thursday and all of Friday were given up to the consideration of livestock topics. CARE OF THE DAIRY COW. According to J. XV. Hutching of Hanover, an up to date dairy cow is one which gives paying results for feed and care. A l w a ys keep the cow comfort able, and protected from inclement weather. A shed 30 by 30 feet is of sufficient size for to run in. ten cows that T he stables should be so con-, they have structed thorough ventilation and yet not freeze except in the severest weather. Plenty of light must be admitted by windows, and fresh water should always be of easy access and kept at a normal temperature. Clover hay is rich in protein and is the nearest to a balanced ration. Oat and pea hay is a good substitute, if sown in the proportion of one bushel of oats to two of peas per acre. This is also a rich feed for soiling when pastures are dry, and can be followed with corn. F or a grain ration use corn, oats and bran in equal parts. A l w a ys i.ave a system and regularity in feed ing. Tn the morning a cow should be milked and after milking give a feed of clover hay and four quarts of grain per cow; at noon a feed of shredded corn fodder; at night use the same order reversed, and water twice per day. As a summary the cow is stepmother of and utmost kindness and cleanliness. treated ,with the human should be the family the BACON HOGS. J. J. Ferguson dealt with this topic referring more to the condi tions, demanded by foreign markets t h an those govertnng the trade in this country. At the present time, the modern type of bacon hog is not in demand by Chicago packers, hence it would not be well for Mich igan farmers to make any radical changes in their methods of breeding or feeding, but just so soon as the market demands, and the pack ers are prepared to pay an extra price for them, it will be wise and profitable for our farmers to produce the bacon hog. As a matter of fact the choice bacon hog costs slightly more to produce than does the aver age well-bred general-purpose ani In Canada there is a bonus of mal. 50-75 cents per hundred, live weight, on animals suited for the best export trade, and this bonusing system would have to be introduced in this state before the farmers should be encouraged to go into this line of w o r k. A very few years ago, nearly all the animals marketed were of heavy weights, running from 300 to 450 pounds live weight. At present, the animal in demand for export and for the best home trade, is marketed at a weight of 160 to 250 pounds. T he best trade now calls for lean, entirely muscular bacon, differing from the over-fat products obtained from the heavier weights. In rais ing bacon hogs, therefore, the object should be to produce the maximum amount of lean flesh. in cheap In producing such animals, breed and feed are equally important fac tors. T a m w o r t h s, Yorkshires, and large English Berkshires with their the order crosses, are suitable named. T he distinctively Ameri can breeds are not now well suited, but selection and breeding towards the type wanted would do much in a few years. As to feed, M r. Fer guson outlined system. a This included the use of roots as the basis of the winter ration for s:ore animals; and clover pasture and soiling crops for summer use. Exercise is a highly important fac-. flesh. tor in producing muscular "During the first five months of the hog's life only muscle-forming nit rogenous foods should be fed; corn cannot be safely fed in the first per iod, since it results in the production of fat rather than flesh. T he ani mals are marketed at six or seven two months, and during last they have firmed up with mixed grains. Clover or roots alone cause soft bacon. to be the THE PACKER'S CHOICE. E. A. Croman, of Grass L a k e, discussed the production of pork, for sale and for home use. At present, there is but a limited demand for bacon hogs and they are not profit able. T he best returns are from hogs that seven or eight months old weigh 200 to 250 pounds. F or the first few months feed on oats and peas, rape and clover, or rye in the fall, without much corn, but, during the last the hogs and feed what corn and roots they will eat. Breeding hogs do well on shredded corn fodder, clover hay and roots. two months, confine W h e re one has a dairy farm, milk forms a cheap food for hogs. Corn is the leading crop with many farm ers and can be used to better advant age for pork than for bacon hogs. IMPORTANCE OF TYPE IN PROFIT ABLE STEER FEEDING. is from T he talk of Prof. H. W. Mum- ford was listened to with much in terest. W h i le the beef industry has been under a cloud the future seems bright. A steer is profitable when it will repay all expense for feed and T he leave a cash margin. profit the increased value per pound. T he home market, as a rale, is not the best, and the high grade products must reach the large centers of population to secure the highest prices. T he difference be the poorest tween grades of beef, is often $1.50 to $2 per 100 pounds, and this is largely due to the difference in type. the best and T he type in animals is that which fits them for certain purposes. T he best type for feeding is an animal that has the proper form, is able to transform the largest proportion of food into flesh, and that lays on flesh where it is most valuable. T he most profitable are the pure or cross bred, and high grades of any of the beef breeds — Shorthorn, A n g u s, Galloway and Hereford. Profitable for beef de feeding pends on, ( 1) T y pe and cost of steer selected; ( 2) Judicious feeding; ( 3) finished Form and quality of product; ( 4) Relation between the cost and selling price. T he remainder of report next week. the Items Concerning the Botanical Department. F or many years past the depart ment has been especially desirous of obtaining herbarium specimens from numerous regions of the State, even from every county, if possible. We believe these to be of more import the State ance to the college and than foreign specimens. Seed plants and ferns are not only desired, but all the lower kinds as well. H e re is a vast field for work that cannot local be entrusted to inexperienced collectors. We ought to bs able to keep two men in the field all sum mer for some years to come; then we should have reliable data con that would cerning Michigan flora be valuable time. for all Numbers of plants of the State have gone and others have come, in a re markable manner, and is not yet. M. A. C. already has much the start, and properly so, of all other institutions in the State in this line of work. the end future T h r ee y o u ng ladies of the woman's course are at work in the herbarium mounting specimens, repairing sheets of plants and helping to straighten things up in general. In In future in which like manner, In the study of grasses and other forage crops this term, each agricul tural junior is supplied with a small quantity of 25 to 35 kinds of seeds. Each member of the class purchased the homeopathic vials la seeds are placed and correctly beled. they are furnished 125 or more kinds of ac curately named seeds and seed-like fruits of weeds. these should be of much use to thef mem bers of the class, or their friends, in helping to identify grasses, clovers and weeds. At an expense of about ninety cents for bottles and a little labeling, each student be time for comes the owner of a collection of seeds that could not be duplicated in the market for less than fifteen to eighteen dollars. T he study they put on the objects should make the students very reliable in naming anything of the sort they may find. This is an age of weeds, and their rapid arrival as immigrants is alarm ing. T h ey are grown on the home farms and in many cases allowed the greatest liberty; they are bought with seeds of grasses, clover and grains, carefully sown and given a these cultivated good chance with crops. No weed is ever driven from a farm, at least such instances are very Professor Wheeler, as consulting botanist of the Experiment Station is beginning to receive samples of clover seeds from various portions of the State sent in by up-to-date farmers, who realize that it is high time they know definitely just what they are buying and sowing. So far the samples examined are better than formerly; rarely heard of. His Ambition Realized. A S K E T CH FROM T HE L I FE OF T HE N O R T H E RN MICHIGAN FARM BOY, BY HOWARD S E V E R A N CE ' 0 3. W h en a country boy of northern Michigan arrives at the age of sev enteen or eighteen, he becomes tired of farm work, and, in fact, of most any kind of work. T h us it happened that J o hn Treadwell, as he sat down for a moment under a pleasant shade tree to rest his hotses, was suddenly struck with the desire to become a lumberman. " N ow there's Bill J o n es — he's worked in the woods ever sinst he fifteen year old, and he says was it's more fun than workin' on the farm, and there's money in it, too. " Y e s, I b'lieve him, for he's got plenty o' good clothes and wears high-topped water •them proofed shoes, while I wear nothin' but common blue jeens and plow shoes. there "I think next fall I'll go up the river to Barker's camp and ask for a job, and mayhe I kin git an ox team to drive. T h e n — O, what a snap I'll have a follerin' 'em around all day! Nothin' to do but holler! T h at would be a hull rod ahead of this wallerin' around after this hor rid drag." the men J o hn carries out this plan and when fall comes he packs his " tur limited key," as he calls his very supply of clothing, without any seri ous objection from his father, and at last is started for his goal—the lum trudging along ber woods. After is fifty miles, for what he thinks through the forest, he comes to an open space where there are, as near as he can make out, about half a dozen dark huts, which as he draws nearer prove to be a barn, granary, pig pens, cook shanty, and a shanty in which sleep. These buildings are covered all over with tarred paper held to place with strips of boards nailed on here and there. Y ou may imagine that J o hn felt quite strange as he arrived at such a place as this, especially so as it hap pened that the men had just finished dinner and were at that moment sit ting or standing around here and there outside of the camp, pick ing their teeth with broom-straws. to size T h ey easy him he'd go up Tired and trembling, our ambitious farm boy walk fore man's office and asks for a job. foreman, a rough yet good T he natured old fellow, asks him what he can do, at which J o hn is in such a state of mind that he scarcely knows what he can do, and there fore answers, "I don't know." T he foreman sees his trouble and biings out his point more clearly by naming a few lines of work in which there are vacancies. immediately began up and talk of how in a blanket. straight the to " C an you saw, chop, load, drive horses, or drive oxen ?" "I can't saw, nor chop, nor drive load, but I kin drive horses, nor oxen." At this answer the foreman re solves to try him with the ox team, but not before asking him another question. " Sir, did you ever use profane language of any sort?" " N-no, ma allers licked me when I swore, so I kind of got out of the habit of it." " W e l l, then, my boy, you can't though if I'll try you the to work on drive oxen! you are willing road." This is agreed upon and after John has eaten his dinner he goes at his task like a man. From this time on he is called " road monkey," is considered by all lumber which men lowest possible form of work. the last he reaches I might trace this character from this position through all his promo tions, until at the coveted goal of the lumberman—"ox- teamster," when he has nothing to do but walk around after an ox I might team and " holler." tell long winter how he spends the evenings camp the tales of his past stove involve adventures; but that would another story. in sitting by telling the M A R CH 6, 1900. T HE M. A. C. R E C O RD At the College. Graduates and Students. V l / H E !\ YOU BUY Mrs. G. W. Osborne of Grand Rapids is visiting her sister Mrs. M. L. Dean. Mr. Takvourian has presented the library with a volume of Armenian poetry. Mrs. Y o u ng of Portland has vis ited her daughter, Mrs. Chase N e w man, "Insect Parasites of the Domes ticated Animals," is the subject of A. J. Cook's thesis. A. G. Bodourian '00, has been for several davs at the hospital having a tussle with the " g r i p p e ." H. B. Gunnison has been on the from sick list. He received a visit his father and mother last Friday. T he father of C. A. Wood died at Jackson last Thursday from gan grene, resulting from a broken hip. T he M. A. C. chorus is now planning to give " C o l u m b u s" the second Friday evening of next term. T he Experiment Station has just received two and set up a new hundred and twenty egg Cypher's hot air incubator. President Snyder and Professor F r a nk S. Kedzie attended the annual dinner of the Chicago M. A. C. Alumni Association on" Saturday evening. D. W. Trine '92 State Inspector of Nurseries, has been secured to take charge of a part of the labora tory work in the Horticultural De partment during the spring term. T he Horticultural Department has received the silver medal award ed, at the Philadelphia meeting of the American Pomological Society, to the South Haven Sub Station, for " Its interesting educational ex hibit". horses T wo employees of the college were discussing recently. O ne remarked, " It does seem as if their some horses know more than drivers." the innocently, " / other, owned a horse once." " V e ry true," replied then added L. B. Littell, '01 m-, left college for his home on Tuesday last on ac count of sickness. A letter just re that he is ceived from him states suffering with an attack of jaundice, and that he does not expect to be back for several days. Professor Weil has one of those new-fashioned two-foot rules, whose joints, with much use, have all be come double-back-actioned. He de clares rule." it's a " pretty good W h en asked " w h y" his answer is " It's a poor rule that won't work both w a y s ." is at laboratory work and Mr. Ira O. Johnson, the progres sive milk-dealer and producer of the College Grand Rapids, in dairy taking bacteriology hygiene. Mr. Johnson has done much in the State towards advancing the question of pure milk supply to cities, and has successfully carried his into practice. ideas T he next regular meeting of the K i n g 's Daughters will be held the home of Mrs. March 7th at Vedder. Lesson, L u ke I I, 41-52. T e xt word "Search." Leader, M r s. Weil. T he annual election of offi cers will take place; a full attend ance is desired. This is pound week. All friends of circle, or those inter ested in the work, will be welcome. Fred O. Shattuck, with '85, is in charge of the office work of C. L. Greeno, upholstery goods, etc., 325 Main St., Cincinnati, Ohio. A r t h ur Lyon, with ' 0 1, is spend ing the winter at Montgomery, Ala., where he hopes to soon be rid of a throat trouble. He intends also to do some business for the H u gh Lyon Co. Jos. A. Bulkeley '99 left M. A. C. for N ew South Wales, Australia, the 20th of last J u n e, going by the way of Liverpool, Wales, London, Gibraltar, Naples, Suez Canal and thence to his home, where he ar rived the last of September. After spending a little time in writing a report of his European trip for his department, he entered upon his duties as lecturer in agriculture in Hawkesbury Agricultural College. T he following from The Ameri can, Manila, P. I., of J a n u a ry 25th, will interest the friends of Robert " On J a n u a ry 18th S. Welsh, '94: Lieutenant Welsh with a detach ment of Company M. of the 39th Infantry, cautiously approachtd an insurgent outpost about three miles cleverly from Santo Toma«, and surrounded the rebels before they knew that there was an American near. T he insurrectos were so sur prised that they surrendered without tiring a shot." JUNIOR CLASS ..ANNUAL. The -Wolverine" WILL BE OUT SOON. Send in your order now. Address, J. G. ALDRICH, Agricultural College, Mich. LOTS FOR SALE IN "OAKWOOD" On Easy Terms—Low Prices. Buy a lot and we will lend you the money with which to build a house. CITY ADVANTAGES, including electric lights, sewerage and reg ular street car service with COUNTRY TAXES. Buy now while prices are low. Rent of rooms alone will pay TEN PER CENT. NET on the investment. Enquire of either DR. J. W. HAGADORN, EDWARD CAHILL, C. D. WOODBURY, or A. C. BIRD. IF IT IS HARDWARE you can get it at... NORTON'S in W a s h i n g t on A v e. S. COLLEGE BUS HEADQUARTERS. 7 Simonj D r^ Qoods C°- ALTERATION SALE! We are remodeling our store and for the next THREE WEEKS offer great con cessions in prices on DRY GOODS, CLOAKS, AND CARPETS. Gymnasium Goods*** you want the best. WE SELL Spalding's... SHIRTS and TIGHTS No need to tell you of their merits. M a k i ng very low prices on entire line of F L A N N E L E T TE N I G HT R O B E S. Students' Patronage Solicited. ELGIN mrnm. Simons Dry Goods Go. Three Stores -Three Floors ELEVATOR. Furniture Headquarters. - Cots at Wire Springs at Mattresses from . Tables, Rockers, Bureaus, Iron Beds. $1.25, $1.50, $2.00 and $2.50 $1.50 and $2.00 $2.00 up .. - - - AH goods delivered free to College. fl. J. & B. il. Buck. R. B. Shank & Co., Leading Grocers and Confectioners. Cordovan Shoes Genuine cordovan leather leather ever used for shoes. is probably, the best ] Its fine close grain makes it practically waterproof while it takes a ! polish almost equal leather. Y ou [ always paid five dollars for such shoes—we ' offer our present stock-at to patent at $3.50 • pair \ I One of the " ROYAL " Shoes. C. D. WOODBURY, I I > JM^^^^^^^W^^^A^^^^W^^^^R^W^^^^fW^^^^^H^^rf^l^^^^^^^^^^^^^WM^^^^^^^I^f Hollister Block. s T HE M. A. C. R E C O RD M A R CH 6, 1900. N e ws from Graduates a nd Students. D r. Wilber I. P o w e rs '8«j is now located at Billings, Montana. E. H. Bradner '69 is principal of schools at Elgin, California. Carl Babington, with ,oim, made the College a s h o rt visit recently. R ay S. Baker '89, with McClure's, expects to sail for Paris March 16. Charles W. McCurdy '81 is sup erintendent of schools at N o r th Y a kima, Washington. A. B. Clark with '99, of Grand R a p i d s, called at the College last week. A r t h ur D. Baker, 'S9, Lansing, reports the birth of a son, oii the 2d inst. D. E. Hoag'99W is now draught ing for the Northern Engineering W o r k s, Detroit, Mich. F r a nk F. Stephenson with '96 is a student of medicine at Detroit Medical College, 225 Harrison ave. Leander Burnett '-92, w ho went west a few weeks ago to look up a position, not liking the prospects, has returned to Lansing. J. L. Kendrick, with ' 0 1, will en gage in assaying for the R o ck Lake Copper Mining Company, located east of Sault Ste. Marie. W. G. A r m s t r o ng with '02 is teaching near his home, Berrien Center. He regrets very much that he was not able to return to college this year. J. T. Berry '96 is at Bemidji, Min nesota, in the postofhce. He was six months recovering from the slight lung trouble he had when he left Michigan. . W a l do E. R o h n e rt 'So a promi nent seedsman of Gilroy, California, writes that his business has encreased 500 per cent, due to training re ceived at M. A. C. Prof. W. A. Taylor,'SS, assistant pomologist of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, sails for Europe March 7. He will have charge of fruit exhibit at the the American Paris Exposition. Prof. P. G. Holden, 'S9, for sev eral years assistant professor of agri the Illinois University, culture in has field superintendent for the Pekin, 111., sugar factory. resigned. He is now V. H. L o w e, ' 9 1, who has been studying at the University of Chi cago during the winter, expects to return to his work in connection with the N. Y. experiment station at Geneva in April. Miss Mildred L. Newell with, "'ozw, w ho is living with her brother (724 W. Court St., Cincinnati, O h i o) writes that she enjoys her new home and is going on with her music in the conservatory there. Miss E va J. Gray with '02, has resigned her position with B. F. Goodrich & Co, of A k r o n, Ohio. She is now a student of art and clay moulding at T h r o op Institute, Pas adena, California. She thinks there is no place like M. A. C. Fred J. Kling, with 'oSw, is an em ploye of the Bullach Electrical Manufacturing Company, of Nor wood, Ohio. He states that he finds t he M. A. C. training very valuable both in the shops and in enabling him the mechanical and electrical publica tions. in touch with to keep D&\?is f lothing To. COME ON BOYS— We have all the latest up-to-date styles and patterns in 103 Washington Ave. S. CLOTHING, FURNISHING GOODS AND HATS. We also keep Sweaters, Supporters, Foot Ball Pants and Jackets. We are glad to see the old men back and will be pleased to have the new men call. Make our store your headquarters while down town, it is a handy place to leave your packages. WE A RE O NE P R I C E. WE S E LL FOR CASH ONLY. D A V IS C L O T H I NG CO. ¥lF¥~¥¥¥¥^¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥l^¥¥^¥¥¥¥¥¥¥li¥¥ll'¥^¥ R1CYCLE »»- T~. ELECTRICAL S U P P L I E S. Also t he l a r g e st R e p a ir S h op in L a n s i ng fully e q u i p p ed with p o w er m a c h i n e r y. We p ay all t r a n s p o r t a t i on on w h e e ls to a nd from College w h en r e p a i rs a m o u nt to o ne dollar or m o r e. AAA. MEATS.... May look alike to you, b ut t h e re is a very g r e at difference in t he q u a l i ty we han dle a nd t h at sold by s o me o t h er m a r k e t s. We h a n d le n o ne b ut t he very best. L i ke t he p u d d i n g, t he proof of good m e a ts is in t he e a t i n g. A trial will c o n v i n ce y ou t h at you ought to t r a de with u s. We m a ke daily t r i ps to t he College. BOTH PHONES." Careful attention given to Gapitol Electric Engineering Go. phone orders. Miss Dunston, a former student, accompanied M r s. Haner to the In stitute at A nn Arbor. R. A. Clark, '76, 331 F o u r th Ave., Pittsburgh, P a ., is general agent for the Phccnix Mutual Life Insurance Co., of Hartford, Conn. He has issued a leaflet " D id it ever Occur to Y o u ?" setting forth the benefits of life insurance. M. H. Lapham '99 writes from Washington, that he enjoys his work in connection with the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Division of Soils very much. He and L. J. Brlggs '93 work in the same labora tory room. Like every true son of M. A. C. he is very grateful to his A l ma Mater for all the opportunities he received at her hand. 0=car B. Hall '93, is a physician at 209 N. Holden St., Warrensburg, Mo. He writes, "I rejoice in the progress M. A. C. has made during the past few years; she i s. abreast with the times as her wide reputa indicates; one to whom her tion sister colleges can look for advice and guidance; one does not need to remain in Michigan to learn of her." represent William E d w a rd Rydalch, w ho the University of will Michigan in the annual debate with Pennsylvania, was a special student at M. A. C. in the summer of ' 9 3. He hails from Utah, was a friend of '96, entered Partridge and H o me the U. of M. law school in '98, and will graduate next June. In 1899 he won a place as alternate on the team that defeated Pennsylvania at A nn Arbor. WhylNoFT" D o n 't y ou t h i nk it p a ys to b uy y o ur D r u gs at C ut 321 Washington Ave. S. DIRECTORY LAMING BUSINESS and PROFESSIONAL MEN «* T he n a m es in this Directory, as well as t h o se of all o ur o t h er a d v e r t i s e r s, a re of reli able p a r t i e s. We h o pe t h at t he faculty a nd s t u d e n ts will t a ke p a i ns to p a t r o n i ze t h o se w ho p a t r o n i ze u s. GOTTLIEB REUTTER. Washington Ave. South. DRY GOODS. SIMONS DRY GOOD Goods and Carpets, t>ee ad. t GOODS COMPANY. — Dry FURNISHING GOODS. ELGIN MIFFLIN.—Ladies' and Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods. See ad. FURNITURE DEALERS. M J. & B. M. BUCK.—Furniture. Cor. Wash ington Avenue and Ionia Street. See ad. GROCERS. R B. SHANK & CO., 200 Washington Ave. S. The leading grocers. Both phones. Daily delivery to the college. HACK AND BAGGAGE LINES. M A. C. STUDENTS—Don't forget" W. H. PORTER, the Hack and Liveryman. Rubber tires a specialty. 300 Capitol Ave. S. Both Phones. HARDWARE, STOVES AND TINWARE. N ORTON'S HARDWARE—General Hardware, Stoves, Tinware, Graniteware, Cutlery, etc. I ll Washington Ave. South. See ad. INSURANCE. THE DYER-JENI^ON BARRY CO.. LTD., (Incorporated) 108 Mich. Ave. West. All kinds of the best insurance. Strongest agency in city. JEWELERS. P. RICHMOND—Watchmaker, Jeweler and Engraver. 200-202 Washington Avenue N. 1] R a t es ? Y ou save m o n ey BARBERS. a nd t he increased volume of business p a ys us. T RY I T. ALSDORF & SON, J H.WOOD—Barber. 106 Michigan Avenue E. College work especially solicited. BOOKS AND STATIONERY. T ANSING BOOK A ND P A P ER CO. Water- I j man and Sterling Fountain Pens, Stationery,. Pictures, Frames, Wall Paper.. 120 Wash. Ave. N. CITY BOOK STOKE. Fountain Pens, Drafting Tools, Stationery, Cards Engraved, Pictures and Pictu're Framing". Tennis, Football and Base ball goods. Crotty Bros., 20G Wash. Ave. X. CUT RATE DRUGGISTS and PHOTOGRAPHIC SUPPLIES BOOTS AND SHOES. p D. WOODBURY.—Boots and Shoes. We \, shoe the students. See ad. BICYCLES. GEO. H. RICHMOND. Pierce Cycles. Full line of sundries. Repairing and renting at reasonable rates. 200 X. Washington Ave. CHAS. A. PIELLA, D E A L ER IN DIAMONDS. WATCHES. JEWELRY, Clocks, Silverware, Art Goods. 121 Washington Ave. N., LANSING, MICH. Employes of M. A. C Des/r/ng to build should not purchase their material be fore consulting with Hiram Rikerd, Lansing, Mien. Lumber of all kinds. Interior Finishing a specialty. PRICES RIGHT. Office and Factory, Mill St. Both Phones. CLOTHING. LAUNDRIES. Hats and Caps. 112 Washington Ave. North. L OUIS BECK.— Clothier. Gents' Furnishings, A E. DAVIS.—Clothing and Gentlemen's Fur nishings. See. ad. CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE. H H. LARNED.—China, Glass and Lamps. 105 Washington Ave. S. DENTISTS. W. MORSE, D. D. S. Hollister Block, Room 517. Rw DR. D A W L E Y, M. D , D. D. S. Office over D E. PARMELEE—Dentist. 218'Washington Postal Telegraph Co., Michigan and Washing . Ave. south. Opposite Hudson House. ton aves. DEPARTMENT STORE. ONSEREAUX'S DEPARTMENT STORE is the place to trade. You can get a warm lunch in our cafe for 10c. DRUGGISTS. Ave. S. See ad, 102 Washington Ave. N, 335 Washington ALSDORF & SON—The Druggists. Two stores, C j.ROUSER—Capital Drug Store. 123 Wash ington Avenue South. THE VAN-GOKDER PALACE LAUNDRY. Col lege agents, C. H. Hilton, 97 Wells; Irving Gingrich, 47 Williams. S, P. Lantz, Prop. LUMBER DEALERS. H W. RIKERD.—Lumber Dealer. Mill Street. See ad. MERCHANT TAILORS. trade solicited. Opposite Hotel Downey, North. WOODBURY & SAVAGE.—Tailors. Student J OHN H E R R M A N N 'S SONS. Fine Tailoring. 218 Washington Avenue N. OCULISTS. JOSEPH FOSTER, M. D.—Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat, Hours 9 to 12 A. M. City National Bank Building, Lansing. PHYSICIANS. 12 A. M., 2 to 4 and 7 to 8 P. M. Office at 212 Washington Avenue S.; home 419 Seymour St. A D. HAGADORN, M. D.—Office hours, 11 to DR. J. M. COLLIER.—123 Washington Ave. south. Office oyer Capital Drug Store. Resi dence 310 Seymour St. RESTAURANTS. GILBERT M. HASTY.—Proprietor Hasty's Gem Lunch. Best meals and lunches in the city. Quiet place for ladies. 113 Wash. Ave. S.