'§U 9IL a  ©. ft ecor 1 

V O L.  5. 

L A N S I N G,  M I C H I G A N,  T U E S D A Y,  J U NE  26,  1900. 

N o.  39 

A  Song  for  College  Days. 

Board  of  Agriculture. 

A  song,  a song  for  our  college  days, 

And  let  it  be jolly  and  free; 

With  rollicking, frolicking  notes in their  praise, 

Come Join  in  the jovial  glee. 

We'll  toot  the  flute,  and  the  bugle  horn 

Shall  waken  the  echoes  afar; 

We'll  banish  the woes  of the  maiden  forlorn 

With  the  notes  of  the  gay  guitar. 

CHORUS. 
Joy  is a  lover, 
Sweet  Hope  a  rover, 
School-Jays  soon  over; 
Then,  Alma  Mater,  good-bye. 

The  wailing  notes  of  the  cat  by  night 

Shall  come to  an  end  at  last; 

His  body shall  feel  the  dissecting  knife 

Or  ever  the  term  is  past; 

We'll  chase  the  butterfly  over  the  lawn, 

The  honeybee  line to nis  tree ; 

We'll  treat  to a  minim  of  chloroform 
The  hornet  and  the  bumblebee. 

CHORUS: 

M E E T I NG  AT  T HE  C O L L E G E, 
JUNE  12-13,  19 ° °-

Present,  Pres.  Marston,  Messrs. 
Wells,  Allen,  Marsh,  W a t k i n s, 
Pres.  Snyder  and  the  secretary. 

$150  was  appropriated 

for  new 

cases  for  the  museum. 

T he 

following  changes  in 

roster 
in  salaries  were 

of  employes  and 
authorized: 

H.  W.  Mumford,  Professor  of 
Agriculture,  salary  increased  $200. 
J.  A.  Jeffery,  Assistant  Professor  of 
Agriculture,  increase  of  $200. 

W.  0.  Hedrick,  assistant  pro 

fessor 
science,  salary  increased  $100. 

history 

and 

of 

political 

Z o o l o g i c al  Department:  T he 
position  of  assistant  at  a  salary  of 
$200  per  year  was  created. 

B a c t e r i o l o g i c al  Department: 

Prof.  Charles  E.  Marshall  was  ad 
vanced  to  the  position  of  assistant 
professor  of  bacteriology  and  made 
a  member  of  the  experiment  station 
council  at  an 
increased  "Salary  of 
$200.  T he  position  of  instructor  in 
bacteriology  and  assistant  bacter 
iologist  of  the  experiment  station  at 
a 
salary  of  $200  per  year  was 
created. 

was  granted  to  the  following  mem 
bers  of  the  senior  class: 

Louis  L.  Appleyard,  Charles  W. 
Bale,  William  Ball,  A n t r a n ig  G. 
Bodourian,  Harry  L.  Chamberlain, 
Alice  M.  Cimmer,  George  B.  Ful 
ler,  H u gh  B.  Gunnison,  Charles  H. 
Hilton,  Abraham  Knechtel,  Charles 
W.  Leipprant,  Bertha  E.  Malone, 
Wilfred  B. Nevins, Clare  H.  P a r k e r, 
Ellis  VV. R a n n e y,  Harriette  I.  R o b-
son, Charles  H.  Spring, Paul  Thayer, 
Irma  G.  Thompson, 
J o hn  R. 
Thompson,  Harvey  A.  Williams. 
T he  degree  of  master  of  science, 
in  course,  was  conferred  upon  A.  B. 
Cordley,  '88,  and  Wendell  Paddock, 

m 

1, J.  D. Towar,'85.  2, C. B. Collingwood,'85.  3, H. P. Gladden,'85.  4, G. C. Lawrence, '85.  5, G. F. Schneider,  '85.  6, E. W. Hemphill, Jr.,'85.  7, H. E. Thomas,'85.  s, A. T. Miller,'s.',.  9, 6.  P. 
I'errigo,'88.  10, Mrs. J. A. Dart.  11, J. A. Dart,'85.  12, W. V. Sage, '84.  13, E. C. McKee,'81.  14, H. J. DeGarmo, '88.  15, A. Knechtel,'00.  16, A. G. Gulley,'68.  17, Geo. Campbell, '%.  IS, -V. M. I'nt-
rlarche, '98.  19, H. P. Halsted, '~i:  20, K. M. Slocum, '71.  21, W. O. Fritz, '77.  22, W. 0. Latta,  '77.  23, Dr. E. C. Kedzie!  24, W. C. Sanson,  '87.  25, F. R. Smith, "87.  26, F. J.  Niswander, '89.  27. F. N. 
Clark, '89.  28, C  J.  Foreman, '94.  29, J,  D. Nies, '94.  30, Bertha M. Malone, '00.  31, Mary C. Baker, '98.  32, J.  E. Hammond,  '86.  33, Colon C  Lillie, '84.  34, John  I. Breck, 's4.  34'2', A. W. Sutton. 'M. 
35, F. J.  Porter.'93.  35K, E. Schoetzow, '83.  36, Mrs. E. W. Hemphill, Jr.  37, Mrs. John  I. Breck.  38, O. C. Howe,'83.  39, Mrs. O. C  Howe.  39^, H. E. Parish,  '95.  40, \V. C. Stebbins.'95.  41. 1.. II. 
Van Wormer,'95.  42, Gerrit  Masselink,'95.  42Ji, H. K. Smith,'95.  43, H. E. AVard,'95.  44, G. W.  Davis,'92.  45, L. Burnett,'92.  45^,  D. N. Stowell, '92.  46, C A. Hathaway,  '92.  47, Mrs. Mabel  Link-
letter Eobinson, '92.  48, E. D. Partridge,'97.  49, H. E. Smith,'96.  50, J.  H. Briley,'96.  50*4, F.N. Lowry, '99.  51, Daniel Strange,'67.  52, W. A. Bahlke,'83.  53, J. S. Mitchell, '95.  54, C  W. GartieM. "TO 
55, C  J. Monroe,  '61.  56, Mrs. G. W. Davis.  57, Mrs. D. N. Stowell.  58, G. A. Parker, '97.  5H*4, W. E. Goodwin, '97.  59, R. B. Buek,  '90.  60, L. A. Bregger, '88.  61, Mrs. W. A. Taylor.  62, H. B. Cannon, '88. 

The  pippin  upon  the  pippin  tree, 

The  melon  upon  the  vine. 

In  overall  legs  they  soon  shall be, 

And  the  watchdog  chasing  behind  ; 

The  turkey  that  roosts  on  the  barn  so  high, 

The  chicken  that  roosteth  low, 

Their  bones  shall  be  picked  so neat  and  sly 

That  never  the  owner  shall  know. 
CHORUS: 

We'll  wander, in  fancy  o'er  meadow  and  green 

Adown  by  the  Cedar's  flow, 

Where  the  moonbeams  shimmer  the  branches  be 

tween, 

And  the  merry  waves  sparkle  below, 
And  the  maids  we  love  shalj  meet  us  there 

By the  moonbeam's  silvery  light; 
Our  names the big  beech tree shall  bear 
On its bark  so smooth  and  white. 
CHORUS: 
The  joyful  hours  fly swiftly  away, 

The  toils  of  life  speed  on  ; 

The  raven  locks soon  turn  to  gray, 
When  college  days  are  gone. 

And  yet, and  yet,  we'll  never  forget, 

When  raven  locks are  hoar, 

The  loyal  friends  that  here we've  met  ; 

God  bless them  evermore. 

F.  HODGMAN, 

'62. 

Here's  to M. A.  C,  drink  it  down, 
Here's  to  M, A.  C,  drink  it  dowry, 
Here's  to M. A.  C,  college  old,  and  hale, and  free, 
Drink  it down,  drink  it  down, 
Drink  it down,  down,  down. 
Here's  to  M. A. C,  drink  it  down, 
Here's  to  M. A.  C,  drink  it  down, 
Here's  to  M. A. C,  lawns,  and  oaks,  and  tall  elm 

tree, 

Drink  it  down,  drink  it  down, 
Drink  it  down, down,  down. 
Here's  to  M. A.  C,  drink  it  down. 
Here's  to M. A.  C., drink  it  down, 
Here's  to  M. A,  C,  youth,  and  love, and  harmless 

glee,  • 

Drink  it down,  drink  it  down, 
Drink  it down,  down,  down. 
Here's  to M.  A. C,  drink  it  down, 
Here's  to M'. A. C,  drink  it  down, 
Here's  to  M. A. C,  she's  the  only  school  for  me, 
Drink  it  down, drink  it  down, 
Drink  it  down, down,  down, 

Instructor 

T he  positions  of 

in 
Animal  Husbandry  and  Assistant  In 
in  Dairying  were  created, 
structor 
the  former  at  a  salary  of  $8oo  and 
room,  the  latter  at  a  salary  of  $500 
and  room,  and 
In 
structor 
in  Dairying  was  abolished. 
Richard  Harrison,  herdsman,  salary 
increased  $60. 

the  position  of 

Mechanical  Department  — H.  E. 
Smith,  i n s t r u c t or 
in  mechanical 
engineering,  salary  increased  $ 1 5 0; 
W.  S.  Leonard,  foreman  of  machine 
shop,  increase  $ 5 0;  Chace  N e w m a n, 
instructor 
in  mechanical  drawing 
and  wood  shop,  increace  $50. 

instructor 

W o m e n 's  Department  —  M r s.  J. 
L.  K.  Haner,  instructor  in  sewing, 
increased  $100;  Miss  Belle 
salary 
Crowe, 
d o m e s t ic 
in 
science,  salary  increased  $ 1 0 0;  Mrs. 
Maud  A.  Marshall, 
in 
music, increase  $  100.  T he  positions 
of  assistant  in  cookery  and  assistant 
in  gymnastics  were  created  each  at 
a  salary  of  $300  per  year  and  room. 
Horticultural  D e p a r t m e n t — T he 
position  of  foreman  of  grounds  was 
abolished. 

instructor 

Mathematical  Department  —  T he 
instructors  at  a 

positions  of 
two 
salary  of  $500  each  were  created. 

Botanical  Department: 
in 

Longyear, 
salary  increased  $50. 

instructor 

B.  O. 
botany, 

D r a w i ng  Department:  Miss  Car 
rie  L.  Holt,  instructor  in  drawing, 
salary  increased  $100. 

E n g l i sh  Department:  M i ss 
Georgiana  C.  Blunt,  assistant  pro 
fessor  of  English  and  modern 
lan 
guages, salary  increased  $100.  T he 
position  of  assistant 
in 
English  at  a  salary  of  $500  per  year 
was  created. 

instructor 

Department  of  Physics  and  Elec 
trical  Engineering — Martin  D.  At 
kins,  assistant  professor  of  physics 
and  electrical  engineering,  salary  in 
in 
creased  $200.  T he  position  of 
structor  in  physics  at  a  salary  of 
$500  per  year  was  created. 

Clerks  and  Stenographers  —  T he 
salary  of  Miss  Clara  A.  Hinman, 
assistant  cashier, was increased  $  100; 
the  salary  of  B.  A.  Faunce,  clerk  to 
the  president,  was  increased  $50. 

T he  salary  of  L.  F.  Newell,  en 

gineer,  increased  $100. 

Alice  M.  Cimmer  was  elected  to 
the  position  of  assistant  librarian  at 
a  salary  of  $300  a  year. 

On  recommendation  of  the  faculty 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science 

'93.  Hon.  Jason  E.  Hammond,  'S6, 
state  superintendent  of  public 
in 
struction,  received  the  honorary  de 
gree  of  master  of  science,  and 
the 
degree  of  master  of  agriculture  was 
given  to  William  Caldwell,  '76. 

Resolutions  were  adopted  requir 
ing  all  women  students  to  occupy 
rooms,  except  those  living  at  home 
or  with  relatives, unless  given  special 
permission  by  the  president  to  live 
in 
elsewhere,  and 
the 
structors  be  given 
women's  dormitory,  except 
those 
immediately  connected  with  the  de 
partment. 

lady 
in 

that  no 

rooms 

T he  apportionment  to  the  various 
for  the  six  months  be 
recommended 
committee 

departments 
ginning  J u ly  i,  was 
by 
the  apportionment 
and  adopted  by  the  board. 

T he  matter  of  vacations  of  Col 
the  coming 
to  President 

lege  employes  during 
summer  was  referred 
Snyder  with  power. 

Men  still  ignore  the  golden  oppor 
tunity  of  today  in  the  insane  effort  to 
seize  beforehand 
the  golden  crown 
of  tomorrow. 

2 

T HE  M.  A. 

. 

R E C O R D. 

J U NE  26,  1900. 

THE  M. A.  C.  RECORD. 

Necrologist—Prof.  F. S. Kedzie, '77. 
Alternate—Victor  H. Lowe,  '91. 

P U B L I S H ED  W E E K LY  BY T HE 

MIGfllGAN  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE. 

EDITED  BY  T HE  FACULTY, 

A S S I S T ED  BY T HE  S T U D E N T S. 

S U B S C R I P T I O NS  S H O U LD  BE S E NT  TO  T HE  S E C 
R E T A R Y,  A G R I C U L T U R AL  C O L L E G E,  M I C H. 

SUBSCRIPTION, 

- 

-  60 CENTS  PER  YEAR. 

Send  money  by P.  O.  Money  Order,  Draft,  or 
Registered  Letter.  Do not  send  stamps. 

Business  Office  with  L A W R E N CE  & V AN  B U R EN 
Printing  Co., 122 Ottawa  Street 
East,  Lansing, Mich. 

Entered  as second-class matter at Lansing, Mich. 

For  various reasons  T HE M. A. C. R E C O RD is 
occasionally  sent  to  those  who have  not  sub 
scribed for  the paper.  Such  persons  need  have 
no  hesitation  about  taking  the  paper  from  the 
postoffice,  for  no  charge  will  be  made  for it. 
The only way,  however, to secure  T HE  R E C O RD 
regularly is to subscribe. 

ALUMNI DAY. 

T he 

triennial 

reunion  of  alumni 
and  former  students  brought 
large 
numbers  to  the  College  from  all 
parts  of  the  country. 
Thursday 
was  given  up  to the business  meet 
ings  and  the  literary  exercises  of 
the  Alumni  Association,  but  many 
were  here  t he  previous  day and  at 
tended  the society  reunions. 

T he  rain of  Wednesday  afternoon 
cooled  the air and  laid  t he dust, and 
the  weather  on  Thursday  was all 
that  could  be desired. 

Business  Meeting  of  t he M.  A. C. 
A l u m ni  Association, 
J u ne  14,  1900. 

T he  business  meeting  of  the M. 
A.  C.  Alumni  Association,  held  in 
the  Chemical  Laboratory,  at 9 a. m. 
J u ne  14th,  was  called  to  order by 
Pres.  C. L.  Bemis.  T he reading of 
the  minutes  of  the  last  business 
In  view  of 
meeting  was  omitted. 
the  fact 
that  a  portion  of  the min 
utes  of  former  meetings  had  not 
been  incorporated  in  the reports of 
those  meetings,  the secretary  of the 
Association  was,  on  motion,  in 
structed  to compile  all  of the  minutes 
so  that  all of  the transactions  of  the 
association  would  be on record. 

T he  president  appointed,  as a com 
mittee  on nominations  A. G. Gulley, 
W.  O.  Hedrick,  J a m es  Troop,  W. 
E.  Hale  and F. J.  Niswander;  and 
as  a committee  on resolutions, W. V. 
Sage,  R.  M. Slocum,  D. J.  Crosby, 
William  Caldwell  and  G. C.  Law 
rence. 

On  motion,  the  members  of the 
faculty  were  requested  to meet  with 
the  association  at  their  adjourned 
session. 

On  motion,  the  meeting  adjourned 

until  3 o'clock  p.  m. 

A D J O U R N ED  S E S S I O N. 

Meeting  called  to order  by  P r e s. 
Bemis.  T he  report  of  the  com 
mittee on  nominations  was  presented. 
Y o ur  committee  on  nominations 
leave  to  submit  the  following 

beg 
report: 

P r e s i d e n t — A.  G.  Gulley, '68. 
1st  Vice  P r e s i d e n t — L o u is  A.  Bregger, '88. 
2d  Vice  P r e s i d e n t — H.  R.  Parish,  '95. 
S e c r e t a r y - T r e a s u r e r — O.  C. H o w e,  '83. 
O r a t o r — L i b e r ty  H. Bailey,  '82. 
A l t e r n a t e — K.  L.  Butterfield,  '91. 
Historian—William  J.  Meyers, '90. 
Alternate—C.  H. Hilton, '00. 
P o e t — W.  S.  H o l d s w o r t h, '78. 
Alternate—Jessie  I.  B. Baker, '90. 

A.  G.  GULLEY, 
J.  TROOP, 
F. J.  NISWANDER, 
W.  O.  HEDRICK, 
WILL  E.  HALE. 

Committee. 
On  motion,  the  report  w as ac 

cepted  and adopted. 

D r.  Beal  called  attention  to the 
desirability  of  having  members  of 
the  alumni,  present  ancient  relics to 
the  Library  for  preservation.  This 
was 
to  include  old  books,  manu 
script,  programs,  etc. 

T he 

committee  on 

resolutions 

made  their  report: 

R E S O L U T I O N S. 
Whereas  it  has  been  pleasing  to 
the  ruler  of  men's  destinies  to  per 
mit  the  alumni  of  the  Michigan 
Agricultural  College  to  meet  again 
among  these  pleasant  shades  and 
noble  temples  of learning,  the  haunts 
of  our  pleasantest  recollections, and 
the  home  of  our  affections,  we do 
now  most 
humbly  express  our 
thanks  to  A l m i g h ty  God  for  his 
fostering  care  and preservation, and 
we  do  record  our  earnest  prayer 
than  He may ever  lead  the  several 
members  of  our  association  and of 
the  faculty  of  this  institution 
into 
broader  and better  fields  of  life  and 
experience;  and  that  He  may  con 
tinue  to lead,  as he always  has  done, 
our  alma  mater  vanguard  of  all 
these 
institutions  which  are,  this 
day,  solving  the  problem  of  A m e r 
ican  civil  liberty  and personal  equal-

Inasmuch  as  we have  been  made 
young  again,  as it were,  by this  our 
visit  to  the  dear  old campus,  to  the 
class  rooms,  and  halls,  and  have 
been  highly  pleased  and  instructed 
by  the  exercises  of  this  association; 
therefore  be  it  resolved,  that  we 
extend  our  sincere 
thanks  to  our' 
historian,  orator,  and 
president, 
necrologist 
they 
for  the  pleasure 
have  afforded  us  by  their  splendid 
addresses  and papers. 

Be  it also  resolved,  by this  associa 
tion,  that  we  extend  our  thanks  to 
the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  and 
the  Faculty  for the  many  courtesies 
shown  us at  the  time  of  this  meet 
ing,  and we  wish  further 
to  com 
mend  the  Faculty  and State  Board 
for  the  wise  changes  made  in the 
courses  of  study  and  at  the  same 
time  to make  special  mention  of the 
excellent  advantages  provided  for 
ladies  at  this  college.  All which  it 
seems  to  your  committee  to  have 
been  warranted  by  the  recent  ad 
vancements  in educational  ideals  and 
demands. 

We  w ho  date  our  acquaintance 
with 
the  Michigan  Agricultural 
College  to the early  days of its exist 
ence  among  the  educational  institu 
tions  of  Michigan,  as well  as those 
who  followed  later,  have  reasons to 
hold  in  most  happy  remembrance 
the  persons  of  t wo of  the College 
faculty  w ho  meet  with  us  today. 
We  refer  to  D r.  Robert  C.  Kedzie 
and  D r.  William  J.  Beal.  To the 
able  instruction  and  kind  sympathy 
of  these  t wo members  of the Michi 
gan  Agricultural  Faculty  much  of 
the  success  and growth  of  the  insti 
tution  is  d u e;  and  as  Alumni  we 
them  our  grateful 
hereby 
thanks  for  all  they  have  been  to us 
and  to the  College. 

tender 

Recognizing  as we  do  the import-
tance  of  giving  attention  to  the 
physical  development  of  the  stu 
dents  of  this  college,  and the impe 
tus  given  to  the  same  by  properly 
directed  athletics;  and knowing  the 
financial  difficulties  under  which the 

athletic  association  of  this  college 
has  always  labored  in not having an 
enclosed  athletic  field  where  admis 
sion  fees  could  be  collected  from  all 
w ho  enjoy  the privileges  of witness 
ing  the  games  conducted  by  the 
association,  we  hereby  urge 
the 
State  Board  of  Agriculture  to  take 
initiative  in  procuring  such  a 
the 
this  movement  we 
field,  and  in 
them  our  hearty  and un 
pledge 
qualified  support. 

f  W.  V.  S A G E, 

W M.  C A L D W E L L, 

Committee.^  R.  M.  S L O C U M, 

I  D . J.  C R O S B Y, 
(^ G.  C.  L A W R E N C E. 
T he  report  was  adopted  by a ris 
ing  vote.  M r.  F.  J.  Niswander 
suggested 
that  D r.  Kedzie,  D r. 
Beal  and  other  members  of  the 
faculty  favor  the  association  with 
some  remarks. 

Dr.  Kedzie  briefly  referred  to  the 

character  of  Edwin  Willits  and sug 
gested  that  a  bust  in  bronze  would 
be  very  desirable  in  order  that  it 
might  be safely  preserved. 

C.  B. Collingwood 

informed  the 
association  that  the members  of  Iota 
Chapter  of  the  Delta  T au  Delta 
Fraternity  were  making  prepara 
tions  to perpetuate  the bust  of  Pres 
ident  Willits  in  bronze,  the  same to 
be  mounted  on a  granite  pedestal  at 
place  on  the 
some 
grounds. 

appropriate 

Dr.  Beal  spoke  in  regard  to the 
better  advantages  afforded  the  stu 
dents  of  today  as  compared  with 
those  of a few years  ago. 

Dr.  Edwards  called  attention  to  the 
security  of  such  an institution  as the 
Agricultural  College when  supported 
so  loyally,  as it is, by  the  members of 
the  alumni. 

President  Snyder  preferred  hear 
ing  what  the  alumni  had  to  say, 
since  the  officers  of  the  institution 
wished  their  honest  criticism, 
that 
they  might  profit  by  it.  Many 
members  engaged  in  other  lines of 
work  might  be able  to offer  sugges 
tions  which,  if  followed,  would  be 
advantageous  to the institution. 

Professor  Smith  spoke  briefly  in 

regard  to his work  among  the  farm 
ers  throughout  the State. 

Mr.  Daniel  Strange  suggested the 
advisability  of  having  a  bust  in 
bronze  of  President  T. C.  Abbot. 

Short  remarks  were  also  made by 
M.  D. Chatterton,  J o hn  E.  Taylor, 
J o hn  I.  Breck  and  J.  D.  Towar. 

On  motion  the  meeting  adjourned. 

O.  C.  H O W E,  Secretary. 

A l u m ni  Literary  Exercises. 

At  the close  of  the first  business 
meeting,  the  alumni  assembled  in 
the  chapel  for the literary  exercises. 
T he  program  included  addresses  by 
the  president  and  historian,  the ora 
tion  and  the  necrology,  and  closed 
with  the  presentation  of  a  bust  of 
Pres.  Willits  by Prof.  P. M. Cham 
berlain,  '88, in behalf  of  the  mem 
bers  of  the Delta  T au Delta 
frater 
nity.  T he  session  was  enlivened 
with  songs  by the Mozart  quartette 
— F.  W.  Cowley,  with  ' 9 3,  Gage 
Christopher,  with  '93,  C. S.  Joslyn 
and  L. B.  Tompkins. 

President's  Address. 

T HE  H I G H ER  EDUCATION  OF 

F A R M E R S' 

C H I L D R E N. 

This  is  the  last  meeting  of  this 
association  for  this  century.  W e, 
like  the  century  are passing  a w a y; 
but  these  meetings  will  continue as 
long  as  this 
institution  exists,  and 
I  can see no  reason  w hy it  should 

not  exist,  and under  greater  fortune 
than  now,  for centuries  to come. 

We  were  all born  in  this  century 
and  received  our education  in its last 
half.  O ur A l ma  Mater  was  born in 
this  century  and  stands  to  day the 
oldest  agricultural  college  in  t he 
United  States.  N ot only  is she the 
oldest,  but from  the  establishment  of 
similar  institutions  in this country  she 
has  stood  at the  head  and is the  one 
after  which  all  the  others  have 
patterned. 

At  the  beginning  of  this  century 
there  were  no  specific  efforts  made 
It  came  in as a 
to  educate  farmers. 
subordinate  study  in  other  schools 
much  as bookkeeping  or a  commer 
cial course  now  does.  It was  thought 
that  any one  could  be a farmer,  that 
it  required  no  culture  and no ability 
to  think  beyond  the  merest  routine 
of  planting  seeds  and  gathering the 
harvest. 

W hy  should  farmers  be educated ? 
This  question  I  have  often  asked 
myself  and  have  as often  been  asked 
it of  others. 
It is urged  that  farmers 
are  only 
tillers  of  the  soil  and as 
such  require  no education.  F or  one 
to  make  such  a  statement  argues 
ignorance  of  facts  on  his  part,  or 
carelessness  or  willfulness  in  not 
giving  the subject  sufficient  thought 
to  come  to a reasonable  conclusion. 

A  farmer's  occupation  has  to  do 
with  things  in such  a w ay  as to  make 
it  a  complex  problem,  involving  a 
knowledge  of  all  the  sciences  that 
result  from  the study  of  the various 
phases  of  nature.  Hence  to  under 
stand  the  underlying  principles  of 
their  occupation  they  must  be  more 
less  familiar  with  all  these  sci 
or 
ences. 
In  many  cases  these  sciences 
involve  an  understanding  of  mathe 
matics  far beyond  a mere  knowledge 
of  arithmetic. 

Agriculture  is the basis  of "  bread 
and  butter  g e t t i n g"  for  the  entire 
nation.  We  could  do  without  the 
merchant  and the manufacturer. 
It 
has  been  done  in  the  past.  T h ey 
are  simply  conveniences.  T h ey  are 
conveniences,  however,  that  we do 
not  wish  to  do  without.  All busi 
ness  is dependent  upon  agriculture. 
T he  relation  that  the  farmer has 
to  those  about  him  makes  it  neces 
sary  for him to  know  history,  civics 
In  fact  all  those 
and  economics. 
subjects  that  help  him  to  understand 
his  relation  to his  fellows,  to society, 
and  to the state,  are of  the  greatest 
importance  to  him. 

In  looking  over  the  representa 
tives  to t he state  legislature  for  the 
last  session,  I  find  that  about  40  per 
cent  of  them  were  farmers. 
In 
order  to  be  of  any benefit  in  this 
day  of  thought,  it is  necessary  that 
they  understand 
the  above  men 
tioned  subjects.  Without  them  they 
could  act  their  part  only  as  follow 
ers,  and  be subordinate  to  men in 
other  occupations  and  professions; 
with  them 
they  would  be subordi 
nate  to  no  one, but  could  act  as 
leaders  or 
co-workers 
intelligent 
with  any leader. 

If 

the  necessity  for  educated 
farmers  exists,  and I  believe  it does, 
the  farmers'  education  should  be  as 
thorough  as  that  of  any  man's  in 
any  occupation  or  profession.  At 
the  University  of  Michigan  the time 
required  for a  lawyer  or a  physician 
to  get his  degreee  is  now  six years; 
and  this, too, after  having  four  years 
in  a  high  school. 
I  shall  take  it for 
granted  then  that  the farmers'  educa 
tion 
should  be  thorough,  and  as 
broad  as that  of  any man's  in  any 
other  profession  or  occupation. 

T he  point  I  wish  to  make  is that 

J U NE  26, 

1990. 

T HE  M.  A.  C 

R E C O R D. 

3 

to  reach  this  culture  it  is  necessary 
to  have  a  better  preparation 
than 
possessed  by  most  of  the  candidates 
for  admission 
to  agricultural  col 
leges. 

I  think  that  most  men  who  have 
not  had  a  college  training  consider 
education  as  consisting  of  a  knowl 
edge  only  of  those  subjects  absolute 
ly  necessary  in  "  bread  and  butter 
getting."  T he  knowledge  of  other 
subjects 
the 
that  give  breadth 
mind,  and  make  the  individual  an 
"  all  round  man  "  are  looked  at  as 
giving  a  polish  that  is  only  an  orna 
ment  and  of 
little  or  no  value. 
These  objections  are  so  general 
among  men  that  we  might  say  they 
they  are  almost  universal.  Such  a 
narrow  notion  it  seems  to  me  should 
be  corrected. 

to 

to  see 

A  young  man  entering  college 
went 
to 
make  arrangements  as  to  his  course 
T he  president  pointed 
of  study. 

the  president  and 

to  the  world  at  large  is  entirely  for 
eign  to  their  idea  of  things. 

representative  men 

To make the representative  farmer, 
what 
in  other 
occupations  are,  he  needs  the  same 
preparation  and  the  same  wealth  of 
mind  or  mental  strength.  To  get 
this  it  requires  a  foundation,  years 
of  mental  exercise  and  g r o w t h. 

It  seems  to  me  that  as  graduates 
of  this  College,  we  should  all  be  in 
in  its  future,  its  prosperity, 
terested 
and  the  quality  and  number  of 
its 
graduates.  We  should  also be  loyal 
to  the  institution,  to  its  faculty,  and 
to  the  board. 

study  and 

the  course  of 

I  believe  in  giving  the  faculty  of 
the  College  the  entire  management 
of 
the 
teaching 
methods  and  manner  of 
various  subjects,  holding 
them  re 
sponsible  only  for  results  in  the  edu 
cation  of  the  pupils, and  standing  by 
them  in  every 
they  do 
that 
thing 
unless  results  are  defective. 

that 

for  admission  should  be  urged  upon 
every  pupil  w ho  seeks admission. 
I 
know 
the  professors  would 
rather  teach  a  well  prepared  pupil 
than  one  w ho  is  poorly  prepared, 
and  I  know  those  best  prepared 
to 
enter  will  make  the  best  graduates, 
and  the  ablest  and  most 
influential 
members  of  the  society  in  which  they 
live. 

This being  the close of  the  century, 
and  for  the  college  the  close  of  a 
well  rounded  period  of  influence  and 
amount  of  good  done  in  the  world, 
w hy  not  begin  the  next  century  by 
requiring  a  higher  standard  for  ad 
missions.  T a k i ng  the  lead  in  this 
direction  will  be  doing  only  what 
the  college  has  done  along  other  lines 
of  work. 

it  has  worked 
normal  schools  and 
well. 
I  can  see  no  reason  w hy  it 
would  not  work  well  in  an  agricul 
tural  college. 

By  some  such  arrangement,  all 
classes  of  students  could  be  accom 
modated  and  benefited.  T he  stu 
dent 
the  complete  course 
would  be  a  much  stronger  man. 

taking 

in 

too  disconnected 

W h at  I  have  said  has,  perhaps, 
been  too  short, with  too  few  illustra 
tions,  and 
a 
manner  to  make  what  I  want  to  say 
clear  to  those  w ho  have  not  given 
it  much  thought.  T he  higher  edu 
cation  of  farmers'  sons  and  daught 
ers  is  a  subject  in  which  I  am  par 
ticularly  interested,  and  the  method 
of  getting  at  it  I  have  tried  to  out 
line. 

least,  the  work  of 

It  seems  to  me  that  for  the  present, 
at 
college 
could  be  divided  into  various  sections, 
designated  by some  appropriate  name 
and  leading  on  to  more  or  less  profic-

the 

T he  Agricultural  College  is the  in 
that 

stitution  that  is  to  accomplish 
work,  and  we  are  the  ones  to  sup 
port  her.  As  for  me  my  influence 
shall  always  be  directed  to  that  end. 

1, Dennis Miller, '93.  2, A. B. Cook, '93.  3, V.  P. Hedrick, '93.  4, D. J.  Crosby, '93.  5, H  E. Smith, '96.  6, K.  L. Butterfield,  '91.  T. W.  O.  Hedrick,  '91.  8,  A.  F.  Gordon,  91.  9.  J.  ,1. Bush,  R4. 
10, W. K. Prudden,'78.  11, M. D. Chatterton, '60.  12, P. B. Woodworth, '86.  13, W. K. Clute,'86.  14, C. I.. Bemis,  '74.  15, C, F. Wheeler,'91.  16, Marian  Weed,'91.  17. E.  ('.  Peters,  '93.  is,  Mrs.  Lizzie 
O'Connor (Ubbs,  '93.  19, Lucy Clute Woodworth,'93.  20, Daisy Champion,'93.  21, Mrs. Jennie Cowley Smith,'93.  22, W. G. Merritt,'93.  23, J.  E.  Hammond, '86.  24, Mrs.  .1.  K. Hammond.  25. Mrs.  F.  6. 
Clark.  25%, F.  (J. Clark,'90.  26, W. W. Bemis,  '76.  27, William Caldwell,'76.  28, Chas.  E. Sumner,'79.  29, Mrs.  Eva Coryell McBain, '79.  30, T. E. Dryden,'79.  31,  L.  AV.  Watkins,  '9::.  32,  Mrs.  Sadie 
Champion Savage,'97.  33, A. T. Cartland,'97.  33!/2, Mrs. M. D. Chatterton.  34,.Mrs. J.  H. Gunnison.  35,  W.  S. Holdsworth,  '78.  36,  H.  B.  Cannon,  '88.  37,  James  Troop.  '78.  3S,  D.  S.  Lincoln,  'si. 
39, W. J.  Meyers, '90.  39%, Daniel  Strange, '67.  40, Jessie Beal Baker,'90.  41, John  E. Taylor,'76.  42, C. S. Emery, '77.  43, H. W. Mumford,  '91.  44,  J.  E.  Coulter, '82.  44>4, C. P.  Bush,  '83.  4.",,  J.  II. 
Gunnison, '67.  46, E. N. Ball, '82.  47, E. D.  Millis,  '82.  48, L. A. Bregger, '88.  49, Mrs. W. A. Taylor.  50, F.  H. Hall,  '88.  51, Henry Thurtell, '88.  52, P.  M.  Chamberlain, '88.  53,  J.  K.  Shelton, '82. 
54, W. E.  Hale,  '82.  54%, Jas. Satterlee, '69.  55, W. L. Snyder, '82.  56, A. J.  Chappell. '82.  56%, J.  W. Beaumont, '82. 

T he  course  of 
to  because 

that  he  thought 
out  a  line  of  work 
would  meet  the  young  man's  capac 
ity  and  urged  him  to  take  it.  See 
ing  a  hesitation  the  president  asked 
study 
the  cause. 
it  was 
was  objected 
too 
long.  He  could  not  put  so 
much  time  into  a  preparation  for  his 
life  work. 
then 
asked  "  H ow  long  do  you  expect  to 
l i v e ?"  T he  answer  was,  " To  be 
about  eighty  years  old." 
"  V e ry 
well,"  said  the  president,  "  if  that  is 
as  long  as  you  expect  to  live 
the 
shortest  course  you  can  take  will  be 
too  long.  My  idea  of  a  preparation 
is  that  which  pre 
for  life's  work 
pares  for  eternity. 
I  am  preparing 
to  live  forever." 

T he  president 

that 

T he  story  illustrates  the  fact 

that 
there  is  a feeling  among  young  men 
that  they  must  begin  to  earn  money 
at  a  very  early  age,  and 
they 
do  not  understand  that  the  best  kind 
of  preparation  enables-  them 
to  do 
in  after  life  what  they  have  to  do 
with  greater  ease  and  with  more 
satisfaction  to  themselves;  and 
that 
they  are  capable  of  doing  a  greater 
amount  of  good  in  the  world  during 
In  other  words 
their  active  period. 
their  ideas  are  selfish.  T he  benefit 

to  be  for 

is  expected 

T he  same  with 

the  board,  what 
the 
they  do 
best 
interests  of  the  College.  We 
may  not  always  understand,  but  if 
the  results  of  their  management  are 
all  that  they  should  be,  we  should 
stand  by  them  in  everything. 

is 

today 

T he  College 

strong, 
strong  in  all  of  its  departments,  and 
the  president  and  his  faculty  are 
doing  all  that  any  man  or  body  of 
men  can  do  to  keep  it  so,  and 
to 
make  it  a  great  factor 
in  the  agri 
culture  of  this  country. 

Y o u ng  men  and  women 

from 
every  part  of  the  State, from  various 
states  in  the  union,  and  from  differ 
ent  nations  in  the  world,  are  coming 
in  flocks  every  year,  for  the  benefit 
to  be  derived  from  contact  with  its 
from 
professors,  and  the  inspiration 
the  atmosphere  of  the  institution. 

Seeing  the  results  to  be  what  they 
are,  all  of  us  should  do  what  we  can, 
by  our  influence  in  the  part  of  the 
country  in  which  we  live,  to  secure 
a  healthful  feeling  where  it  may  not 
exist,  and  to  strengtnen  the  feeling 
where  a  good  feeling  is  in  the  at 
mosphere.  T he  higher  education  of 
farmers' sons and  daughters should  be 
encouraged,  and  a  better  preparation 

for 

time  covering 

iency  along  certain  lines  of  work,, 
the  completion  of  which  would  lead 
to  no  degree,  but  in  themselves  be 
of  such  a  nature  the  taking  of  which 
might  diminish  the  labor  required  to 
do  the  complete  course,  if  the  pupil 
wished  to  take  it;  and  in any  case  to 
lay  a  foundation 
future  study. 
T he  divisions  might  be  made  to  in 
clude  an  amount  of 
Into  these  divis 
one  or  two  years. 
ions  those  having  the  minimum  re 
quirements  could  enter  and  acquire 
some  higher  notions  of  agriculture. 
N ow  if  these  do  not  work  for  a  de 
the  spirit 
gree  they  go  away  with 
of  the  institution  implanted  in  them 
and  become  much  stronger  men  than 
without  this  contact  with 
the  insti 
tution. 
On 

the  other  hand  the  course  of 
study  that  leads  to  a  degree  should 
be  of  a  much  higher  type,  embracing 
perhaps  the  others, but  requiring  the 
maximum  qualification  for  entrance, 
to  a  well  rounded 
and  leading  up 
knowledge  of  scientific  agriculture, 
ending  with  a  diploma  and  a  degree. 
T he  same qualification  for  admission 
could  be  required  for  all  the  other 
courses  leading  to  a  degree.  Some 
this  has  been  done  by 
thing 

like 

History,  for  Triennial  Reunion  of 
M.  A.  C.  Alumni  Associa 
tion,  1900. 

LUTHER  H.  BAKER,  '93. 

T he  exact  scope,  both 

intensive 
and  extensive,  of  a  history  of 
the 
Alumni  Association  has  been  a  quan 
dary  in  my  mind  ever  since  the  mis 
guided  action  of  the  last  "  T r i e n n i a l" 
in  selecting  a  historian 
for  1900. 
Dr.  Beal's  painstaking  and  accurate 
catalog  of  officers  and  graduates, 
giving  the  address  and  occupation  of 
each  alumnus  up  to  1895 renders  the 
usual  species  of  alumni  history  un 
necessary.  On 
hand, 
every  loyal  alumnus,—and  only  such 
fa 
are  present 
miliar  with  the  facts  in  the  history  of 
the  College.  Confronted  thus  by  a 
hopeless  dilemma,  and  not  caring  to 
take  either  horn,  I  have  endeavored 
independent  of 
to  adopt  a  course 
trend  of 
either.  T he  educational 
the  College  as  observed 
in  the  vari 
ous  periods  of  its  history  furnishes 
such  a  course,  and  has  been  adopted 
as  the  most  feasible  and  profitable. 

is  perfectly 

today, 

other 

the 

In  all  ages  and  among  every 

4 

T HE  M.  A.  C. 

R E C O RD 

J U NE  26, 

1900. 

people,  the  history  of  institutions  has 
been  marked  by  epochs  moulded  by 
some  strong  personality,  or 
influ 
enced  by  the  development  of  new 
conditions.  T he  Michigan  Agri 
cultural  College,  far  from  being  an 
exception,  furnishes  a  most  typical 
and  interesting  example  of  this  truth. 
In  general,  there  are  three  distinct 
periods  in  the  history  of  our  Alma 
Mater,  which  may  be  designated, 
for  lack  of  better  terms,  as  the  A b 
the  Willits  period,  and 
bot  period, 
the  period 
through  which  the  insti 
tution 
is  now  passing,  which  may 
be  known  to  future  alumni  as  the 
Snyder  period. 

T he 
first  of  these,  characterized 
at 
its  start  by  woods  and  stump 
fields,  isolation  and  poor  equipment, 
hard  work  and  few  tangible  results, 
saw  our  agricultural  course  fully  in 
augurated,  vindicated,  and 
estab 
the  people  of  Michi 
lished  before 
in  1S83,  President 
gan.  W h e n, 
the  post  which  he 
Abbot  resigned 
had 
twenty  years  filled  with 
such  honor  to  himself  and  the  Col 
lege,  the  formative 
the 
College  was  well  passed. 

period 

for 

of 

this 

time 

through 

few  scattered  quotations 

T he  second  period  marked  by  the 
establishment  of 
our  mechanical 
course,  largely  through  the  energy 
and  perseverance  of  President  Wil 
lits,  extended 
the  presi 
dency  of  Doctor  Clute,  a  period  of 
ten  years.  During 
the 
educational  trend  of  the  College  de 
viated  decidedly  from 
the  original 
course  contemplated  at  its  inception. 
from 
A 
President  Abbot's  exposition  of  the 
objects  of 
the  institution,  found  in 
the  catalog  of  1S63,  will  make  my 
meaning  plain.  He 
says,  "  T he 
State  Agricultural  College  proposes: 
" i s t.  To  impart  a  knowledge  of 
science,  and 
the 
arts,  especially  those  sciences  which 
relate 
to  agriculture  and  kindred 
arts,  such  as  chemistry,  botany, 
zoology,  and  animal  physiology. 
its  students 
privilege  of  daily  manual  labor. 

"  2d.  To  afford 

its  application 

the 

to 

"  3d.  To  prosecute 

experiments 

for  the  promotion  of  agriculture. 
instruction 
furnish 

" 4 t h.  To 

in 

the  military  art. 

"  5th.  To  afford 
general  education 
class." 

the  means  of  a 
farming 
to 

the 

to 

the 

terms,  was  adopted  as 

F r om  the  clearly  stated  proposi 
tions  it  appears  that  the  only  con 
the  College  pos 
stituency  which 
sessed  or  desired  previous 
the 
farming 
Willits'  period,  was 
class.  Strong  as  this  class  is  and 
has  always  been,  it  still 
furnishes 
but  one  source  of  patronage  for  the 
institution 
Every 
to  draw  upon. 
business  man  knows  that  the  surest 
income  is  that  which  is derived  from 
a  variety  of 
independent  sources; 
and  this  truth,  translated  into  educa 
tional 
the 
the  College 
guiding  principle  of 
when  the  Mechanical  Course  was 
inaugurated.  Recent  statistics  show 
that  the  rural  population  of  many 
sections  of  Michigan  is  actually  de 
the  cities  is 
creasing,  while  that  of 
increasing.  This  indicates,  among 
many  other  things  not  pertinent  to 
our  history,  that  there  is  a  growing 
industrial  or  mechanical  class,  while 
the  College 
the  class  upon  which 
had  heretofore  placed  its  entire  de 
is 
pendence 
for  moral 
numbers. 
actually  decreasing 
Without  stopping 
this 
situation  farther,  let  it  be  said  that 
that  institution  is the strongest  which 
anticipates  the  demand  of  the  time; 
whose  guiding  spirits  are  in 
touch 
with  the  people  from  whom  its  sup 
come. 
port  and  patronage  must 

to  analyze 

support 

in 

Nothing  but  the  highest  praise  can 
therefore  be  given 
to  our  State 
Board  of  Agriculture  who,  before 
the  present  industrial  conditions  had 
become  clearly  manifest,  penetrated 
deeply  enough  into  the  problem  of 
to  antici 
education 
for 
pate  this  demand  for  a 
thoroughly 
practical  course  in  mechanics, and  to 
provide  laboratories, shops  and  com 
instructors  to  place  it  within 
petent 
the  reach  of  all. 

the  masses 

the 

that 

states,  evolve 

T he  evolution  of  an  institution  is, 
in  many  essential  respects,  like  that 
of  society.  H e n ry  Drummond,  in 
his  "  Ascent  of  M a n ,"  states  a  prin 
ciple  which  has  come  to  be  known 
as  his  key  to  social  progress.  He 
says:  " It  cannot  be 
full 
programme  for 
the  perfect  world 
lies  in  the  imperfect  part.  N or  can 
it  be  that  science  can  find  the  end  in 
the  beginning,  get  moral  out  of 
non-moral 
human 
societies  out  of  ant  heaps,  or  philan 
thropies  out  of  protoplasm.  But  in 
every  beginning  we  get  a 
beginning 
of  an  end;  in  every  process  a  key  to 
the  single 
to  be  taken  next." 
T he  introduction  of  our  mechanical 
impor 
course  was 
tance  as  an  epoch  marker  than  any 
other  single  event  in  the  history  of 
the  College  since  its  establishment, 
inasmuch  as  in  this  "  process  "  we 
see  a  key  to  the  "  single  step  to  be 
taken  next." 
subsequent 
In 
establishment  of  the  Women's  De 
partment  we  see  but  another  step  in 
the  recognition  of 
that 
the  Michigan  Agri 
henceforward 
cultural  College  must  stand  for 
the 
education  of 
the  whole  mass  of 
people. 

thus  of  greater 

truth 

step 

the 

the 

for 

F r om 

course; 

that  moment,  when 

the 
definition  of  a  patron  of  the  M.  A. 
C.  was  changed  from  " f a r m e r" 
to 
" b r e ad  winner,"  the  pyramid  of  its 
fortunes  no  longer  stood  upon  its 
apex, but  on  the broad  base  of  popu 
lar  support  and  popular  approval. 
H ow  logical,  then,  was  the  next  step 
taken  by  our  beloved  Alma  Mater, 
and  yet  how  foreign  to  the  minds  of 
those  most  active  in  securing  for  us 
the 
the  Mechanical 
women  of  our  land,—silent,  patient 
toilers,  rendering  bright  our  firesides 
and  constituting  the  factor  without 
which  the  word  home  would 
lose 
all  its  sacred  significance,  are  they 
not  entitled  to  recognition  as  bread 
winners  ?  Constituting  as  they  do 
half 
land, 
wielding  an  influence  over  the  char 
acters  which  are  to  mould  the  destiny 
of  our  nation;  beside  which  all  other 
influences  are 
insignificant,  should 
they  not  receive  the  best  that  there 
is  in  the  way  of  broadening  and  re 
fining  influences  of  music,  literature 
and  art  ?  Our  State  Board  of  Agri 
culture  again  demonstrated  its  grasp 
on  the  educational  problems  of  the 
dav  by  anticipating 
the  demand  for 
an  education  for  woman  as  practical 
a?  that  demanded  bv  man. 

the  population  of 

the 

T h us  in  a three-fold  way,  our  Col 
lege 
touches  the  everyday  needs  of 
the  masses. 
It  can,  in  no  sense,  be 
It  represents 
called  a  class  college. 
no  sect,  no  creed,  no  party,  no  caste, 
but 
the 
word  it  stands  for  all. 

the  broadest  sense  of 

in 

N or  has  this  increase  in  the  scope 
of  the  College  meant  a  decrease  of 
its  usefulness  in  the  direction  origi 
It  is  more  than  ever 
nally  intended. 
a  college  for 
the  farmer.  By  the 
addition  of  short  courses  in  dairying 
and  sugar  beet  raising,  by  its  special 
attention  to 
the  problems  of  sheep 
husbandry  and  stock  breeding,  and 
by  the  splendid  services  which  our 
horticultural  department 
is  render 
ing  to  the  market  gardener  and  the 

raiser,  the  Agricultural  Col 
fruit 
lege  is  coming  to  be  more  and  more 
a  practical  necessity  to  those  pro 
ducers  of  all  wealth,  the 
tillers  of 
the  soil. 

itself 
and 

Am  I  hasty  in  saying,  then,  in 
view  of  these  facts,  that  the  Michi 
gan  Agricultural  College  occupies 
the  educa 
a  unique  place  among 
institutions  of  our 
tional 
s t a t e? 
the  denominational  colleges 
W h i le 
represent 
their  special  sects;  while 
the  State  Normal  School  exists  for 
the  education  and  training  of  a  cer 
tain  class,  and  for  that  alone;  while 
for 
stands 
the  University 
higher 
professional 
literary 
training  to  which  few  indeed  of  the 
masses  can  hope  to  attain,  the  M. 
A.  C.  can  truthfully  be  said  to  rep 
resent  the  best  and  highest  interests 
of  every  bread  winner  within 
this 
great  commonwealth. 
It  does  not 
surround  itself  with  a  high  wall  of 
entrance  requirements;  it  places  the 
highest  possible  value  on  the  clear 
head, 
the 
the  willing  heart,  and 
steady  hand;  it  recognizes  the  eter 
nal  truth  that  manual  training  and 
mental  development  must  go  hand 
in  hand. 

her 

splendid 

Is  it  to  be  wondered  at,  then,  that 
we  are  proud—justly  proud,  of  our 
Alma  Mater?  Not  alone  because 
of 
and 
equipment 
the 
beautiful  grounds,  nor  yet  of 
brilliant  array  of  well  known  men  of 
science  who  have  taught  within  her 
walls  or  who  have  gone  out  to  other 
colleges  and  universities;  but  be 
cause  she  stands  with  open  arms  to 
welcome  to  her  halls  of  learning,  to 
her 
laboratories,  to  her  workshops 
and  to  her  farm  the  sons  and  daugh 
ters  of 
the  great  middle  class;  that 
the  bone 
army  which  constitutes 
and  sinew  of  our  country;  which 
its 
does 
its  work 
wealth;  which 
alike 
from  internal  danger  and  from  for 
the 
foe;  which  constitutes 
eign 
great  stratum  between  the  foam  and 
the  dregs  on  which  the  hope  of 
the 
nation  and  the  race  depends.  As  a 
factor 
function  of 
life, 
in  the  problem  of  our  national 
the  Michigan  Agricultural  College 
may  look  with  confidence 
the 
future,  and  be  assured  of  glorious 
things. 

and  produces 
protects 

this  all-powerful 

into 

it 

Alumni  Oration. 

T he  orator  for  the  occasion  was 
W.  K.  Clute,  '86,  of 
Ionia,  w ho 
spoke  on  " T he  Value  of  Ambition." 
the 

Mr.  President,  Members  of 
Alumni  Association  and  Friends. 

My  sincere  pleasure 

in  meeting 
here  to-day  so  many  of  the  alumni 
and  friends  of  the  College  I  have  no 
doubt  is  the  common  sentiment  of 
all. 

the 

them 

It  will  not  be  my  purpose 

to 
regale  you  with  any  of 
flowers 
of  rhetoric  but  simply  pluck  a  few 
grasses  and  present 
to  you, 
hoping  they  will  not  be  too  green 
and  that  they  will  remain 
fragrant 
in  your  memory.  T he  general  ex 
re 
pectation  of  so  numerous  and 
spectable  an  audience  at  a  College 
of  the  renown  of  this  one  naturally 
produces  a  feeling  of  such  diffidence 
and  apprehension  in  him  who  now 
has  the  honor  to  address  you,  and 
he  therefore  craves  the 
indulgence 
of  friends  while  he  submits  a  few 
thoughts  upon  "  T he  Value  of  Am 
bition." 

Its  proper  cultivation  is the  improve 
ment  of  the  human  race. 

Ambition  is  a  passion  and  must 
be  controlled. 
To  attain  coveted 
positions,  candidates  for  fame  and 
the 
fortune  too  frequently  abandon 
plodding  paths  of  virtuous  labor  for 
the  quicker  and  corrupt 
to 
glory. 

roads 

if 

law,  and 

they  can,  by 

In  politics,  often,  candidates 
for 
our  high  offices  seem  to  be  above 
the 
the 
judicious  ( ?)  use  of  money  corrupt 
the  caucuses  and  conventions  as  well 
as  the  ballot  box,  thereby  attaining 
their  ambition,  they 
the  object  of 
have  no  fears  of  being  called 
to 
account  for 
the  means  by  which 
they  were  elected.  T h ey  often  en 
deavor  by  fraud,  bribery  and  false 
hood  ( t he  ordinary  and  vulgar  arts 
intrigue  and  duplicity  ),  or  by 
of 
crimes  of 
the  most  enormous  char 
acter,  to  supplant  and  destroy  those 
obstacles  which  stand  in  the  way  of 
their  desires  for  gain  and  greatness. 
It 
is  fortunate,  however,  that  they 
more  frequently  miscarry  than  suc 
ceed,  and  commonly  gain  nothing 
but  the  distrust  of  their  fellow  citi 
zens  and  the  punishment  awaiting 
them  when  pursued  by  the  hand  of 
justice. 
T he 

low  estimate  put  upon 
the 
value  of  personal  ambition 
in 
the 
the 
desire  for  fiolding  as  well  as 
faithful  discharge  of  the  sacred  trust 
of  a  public  office  is  manifest  to  our 
people  by  the  unhappy  coincidence 
that  seven  of  our  heretofore  promi 
nent  public  State  officials  stand  in 
dicted,  one  of  whom  is convicted  and 
six  still  awaiting  trial  for  conspiracy, 
robbing  the  public  treasury,  or  else 
giving  or  accepting  bribes  to  do  the 
the 
bidding  of  private  interests  in 
legislative  halls.  T he  people  of  our 
State  will  maintain  their  usual  self 
poise  and  presume  all  the  untried 
parties  not  guilty  until  the  proven 
facts  show  otherwise,  at  the  same 
time  the  people  have  a perfect  right, 
—  nay,  it  is  their  duty,  to  demand 
the  unrelenting  prosecution  of  these 
cases  in  order  that  every  guilty  one 
may  meet  condign  punishment,  and 
that  examples  of  what  will  follow 
malfeasance 
in  office  be  set  before 
others.  Our  public  officials  should 
be  given  emphatic  notice  that  it  is 
the 
just  as  criminal 
public  treasury  by  fraud  in  office  as 
it  is  to  crack  a  bank  safe 
the 
night,  and  that  prosecution  will  be 
as  certain  in  one  case  as  the  other. 

to  steal  from 

in 

of 

instrument  which  she 

Another  apt  illustration  of  mis 
guided  personal  and  political  ambi 
tion  is  shown  in  the  career  of  Na 
poleon  the  Great.  This  extraordin 
ary  man,  dreaming 
universal 
that 
empire,  superstitiously  believed 
fate  intended  him  to  hold  Europe  in 
his  hand.  But  we  can  see  that  he 
was  designed  by  that 
remorseless 
fate  for  a  very  different  purpose, 
and  a  very  brief  office.  He  was  the 
terrible 
in 
tended  to  use  for  one  specific  pur 
pose  only  and 
to  cast  aside. 
then 
This  work  was  the  destruction  of 
the Roman-Germanic  Empire.  T h at 
oppressive 
lifeless  mass,  whose 
life  and 
weight  had  crushed 
for 
hope  out  of  Central  Europe 
centuries,  needed  some 
tremendous 
force  from  without  to  break  up  its 
time  encrusted 
that 
force  was  in  the  hands  of  a  work 
man  w ho  supposed  he  was  rearing 
a  great  edifice  for  himself. 

rivets.  A nd 

the 

A  quality  which  demonstrates  it 
self  as  having  much  to  do  with  all 
truly  great  and  successful  persons  or 
nations  is ambition.  Combined  with 
other  qualities  which  are  possessed 
by  all, it  produces  marvelous  results. 

Napoleon,  in  fact,  entered  upon 
the  most  daring  scheme  ever  at 
tempted  in  E u r o p e;  to  convert  the 
whole  continent  into  one vast  empire 
with  the  kings  and  princes  over  the 
several  nations  all  subject  to  him. 

J U NE  26,  1900. 

T HE 

M. 

A. 

C. 

R E C O R D. 

that  held 

His  career  was  a  grand  one  while 
he  was  engaged  in  crushing  out  the 
superstitious  customs  of  the  ancient 
church 
the  nations  of 
E u r o pe  in  its  grasp,  but  when  that 
was  ended  and  he  still  continued  on 
for  unworthy  personal 
the  march 
ends,  the  fate  that  had  picked  him 
up,  flung  him  aside.  He  learned  it 
too  late.  History  holds  no  picture 
more  powerfully 
than 
this  man  waiting  at  Fon-
that  of 
tainebleau, 
from 
Paris  still  believing  in  his  power  to 
retrieve,  and  unconscious 
he 
was  already  deposed. 

impressive 

leagues 

twelve 

that 

T he  contrast  between  this  great 
European  military  despot  and 
the 
greatest  American  military  genius 
of  modern  times  so  familiar 
to  us, 
our  own  General  U . S.  Grant,shows 
unbridled 
the  difference  between 
ambition  for  power  on  the  one  hand, 
and  an  inspiration  to  benefit  one's 
fellow  men  on  the  other. 

Napoleon  fought 

to  add  greater 
lustre  to  his  own  name  and  his  own 
imperial  glory  in 
the  downfall  of 
the  vanquished,  while  General  Grant 
waged  his battles  to  compel  his  ene 
mies  to  submit  to  the  doctrine  that 
all  men  are  created  equal.  W h en 
Lee  surrendered 
at  Appomattox, 
Grant  not  only  graciously  declined 
to  receive  his sword  but,  upon  learn 
ing  that  the  conquered  army  was  on 
the  point  of  starvation,  ordered  a  di 
vision  of  the  rations  of  the  Union 
troops  with  the  soldiers  of  General 
Lee's  a r m y;  and  told  the  Southern 
cavalry 
to  take  their  horses  home 
with  them  as  they  would  be  needed 
to  cultivate  their  fields.  Napoleon's 
career  shows  us  a  masterpiece  of 
supreme,  vain,  glorious  selfishness, 
while  General  Grant  is a  fitting  type 
of  a  well  balanced  man  with  a  laud 
to  serve  his  country 
able  ambition 
well,  and  our  nation 
is  glorified 
thereby. 

If 

A  nation's  glory  is  the  fruit  of 
the  civilization  of  its  people.  T he 
character  of  national  life  is  made  up 
of  the  sums  of  the  characters  of 
its 
citizens. 
the  spirit  which  per 
vades  our  nation  becomes dulled  and 
morbid,  it  will  be  because  our  peo 
It  is  essential 
ple  have  become  so. 
to  the  virility  of  our  nation  that 
the 
temperament  of  our  people  be  kept 
in  a  healthy  condition. 

"  Ambition  is  a  spirit  in  the  world, 
"  That  causes  all  the  ebbs  and  flows  of  na 

tions, 

"  Keeps  mankind  sweet  by  action,"  says 

Crown. 
T he  laudable  ambition  of  every 
nation  should  cause  it  to  make 
its 
laws  observed  without  fear,  favor  or 
affection  both  by  the  rich  and 
the 
poor.  Its courts, the  sturdy  bulwarks 
of  individual  liberty,  must  be  reputed 
for their  fairness  and  integrity  among 
the  people  at  large. 

It 

against 

committing 

remains  for  our  courts,  both 
federal  and  state,  to  hold  back  an 
often  capricious  and  sometimes  in 
flamed  public  opinion, aggravated  by 
the  railings  of  factious  leaders  of  the 
those 
populace,  from 
dangerous 
the 
trespasses 
sacred  time-honored  rights  of  a  free 
people  which,  in  the  lucid  periods 
that  follow,  would  be  sincerely  re 
gretted  had  the  intended  results  been 
fully  accomplished.  Holding  as  they 
do  neither  the  sword  nor  the  purse, 
no  matter  how  violently  the  pendu 
lum  of  public  opinion  may  swing  to 
the  right  or  left,  they  will  as  the 
third  co-ordinate  and-  independent 
branch  of  our  government  remain 
the  trusted  public  custodians  of  our 
people's  conscience. 

A  state  or  nation's  legislative  halls 
should  be  free  from  the  reproach  of 

the  knee 

the  God  Moloch. 
its  people,  which 

to  Baal  or  wor 
bowing 
T he 
shipping 
money  of 
is  the 
life  blood  of  a  nation  must  be  pure 
and  constant  in  quality. 
It  must  be 
free  from  a  suspicion  even,  of  being 
tainted  or  corrupt. 

A  nation  ambitious  to  be  just  and 
great  must  labor  for  the  happiness 
and  freedom  of  its  masses.  To  ad 
vance  the  freedom  and  contentment 
of  its  people  it  must  do  all  in  its 
power  to  promote  the  widest  diffu 
sion  of  education,  especially  among 
the  youth.  T he  money  of  a  people 
that  is  spent  in  the  establishment  of 
public  schools,  colleges,  universities 
and  free  public  libraries  is  the  best 
investment 
it  makes  of  any  char 
acter. 

We  are 

Individuality 

Notwithstanding  all  our  modern 
advantages,  there  are  at  work,  in  our 
body politic, influences  having  a  tend 
ency  in  the  opinion  of  many  to  de 
press  the  virility  of  our  people. 
living 

in  a  progressive 
is 
apparently 
age. 
becoming  submerged 
in  a  general 
mass.  T he  growth  of  the  corporate 
idea  which  some  call  revolution  and 
others  evolution  has  a  strong  tend 
ency  to  make  man  seem  a  part  of 
a  machine,  rather  than  to develop  in 
him  a  distinct  and  separate  existence. 
T he  invention  of  the  cotton  gin,  the 
loom,  the  application  of  steam  to  the 
means  of  public  transit, both on  land 
and  water,  and 
to  manufacturing 
generally, the  telegraph  and  the  tel 
ephone,  and  the  new  and  useful  ap 
plications  of  electricity  to  the  com 
the  people, 
luxuries  of 
forts  and 
together  with  all  the  inventions  for 
the  cheapening  of  labor  and  lessen 
ing  the.  cost  of 
the  production  of 
products  of  all  kinds,  has  brought 
to 
about  a  change  that  has  tended 
the  blending  of  man  into  so  small  a 
part  of  our  industrial  society  that  his 
individuality  is well  nigh  submerged. 

T he  change 

is  certainly  one  of 
evolution,  and  a little comparison  will 
show  that  we  are  outstripping  our 
ancesters 
in  bringing  within  easy 
reach  the  substantial  necessities, com 
forts and  enjoyments  of  life, that  they 
to 
to  struggle  long  and  hard 
had 
obtain. 
If  they  can  be  more  evenly 
distributed,  so  that  more  of  our  peo 
ple  may  enjoy 
their  benefits,  all  of 
these  signs  will  be  hopeful  and  reas 
suring. 

But,  as  if  to  pre-empt  for  the  use 
and  profit  of  a  few,  all  of 
these 
things  which  should  be  the  heritage 
of  the  many,  a  creature  called  a  cor 
poration  has  come  upon  the  scene 
and  embraces 
the  great  properties 
like  railroads, telegraphs, telephones, 
coal  and  oil  fields,  steam  boat  lines, 
mining  industries,  and  all  of 
their 
to  the  smallest  private 
kind  down 
enterprises.  Our  retail  stores,  bake 
shops,  shoemakers,  ice  wagons,  the 
practice  of  law,  even,  in  fact  almost 
every  kind  of  business  is  now  mask 
ing  itself  under  corporate  imperson 
ality. 

is 

T a ke  the  leather  industry  for  an 
example. 
Instead  of  a  man  being 
the  maker  of  a  whole  boot,  he  will 
simply  act  perhaps  as  a  pegger,  or  a 
stitcher,  or  a  tip  maker,  or  a  seam 
maker,  and  so  on  to  every  part  of  a 
complete  shoe.  T he  trade  of  mak 
ing  a  whole  shoe 
lost.  A  man 
who  does  nothing  but  operate  a  peg 
driving  machine  all  his  life,  utterly 
unconscious of  what  was  done  before 
him  and  of  what  will  follow,  cer 
tainly  will  have  but  little  incentive 
to  stimulate  his  feeling  of  independ 
ence  and  interest  in  the  business  of 
his  employer.  He  is  simply  an  au-
tomatum.  A nd  this  same  idea  goes 
through  all  the  modern  industries. 

Individual  ambition  under 

such 
influences  is  stunted  for  there  is  no 
field  for  its  exercise.  Such  a  man's 
only  object  is  to  please  his  master 
and  this  is the  antithesis  of  a  healthy 
personality. 

If 

study 

leisure 

it  be  true  on  the  other  hand, 
however,  as  it 
is  asserted,  that  the 
promotion  of  this  class  of  corporate 
life  and  activity  secures  more  con 
tentment,  steadier  employment 
to 
laborer  and  average  business 
the 
man  at  regular  wages,  shorter  hours 
for 
and  consequently  more 
rest, 
lower 
prices  for  what  the  people  have  to 
buy,  and  better  prices  for  what  they 
to  sell,  as  well  as  a  greater 
have 
capacity  for 
the  extension  of  our 
trade  and  commence  with  the  world 
at  large,then  they  are  not  an  unwel 
come  accession  to  our  social  order, 
but  represent  the  refined  and  finished 
product  of  modern,  social  and  indus 
trial  evolution. 

recreation, 

or 

T h e re  are  two  worthy  ends  which 
every  individual  should  be  encour 
aged  by  his government  in  attaining. 
to  own  a  h o m e;  second,  to 
First, 
own  an 
It 
independent  business. 
can  safely  be said  that  the  larger  the 
number  of  our  people  who  are  en 
joying  these  two  blessings, the  more 
generally  contented, independent  and 
happy  will  we  be. 

like 

that 

it  well 

towards 

It  is  not  my  purpose,  nor  is  this 
the  place,  to  consider  any  academic 
inquiry  into  the  social  problems  of 
the  day,  but  it occurs  to  me  as  a  sug 
gestion  which  I  wish  to  throw  out 
to  you  educated  men  and  women 
the  present  rapid 
whether  or  not 
rush 
indiscriminate 
the 
organization  of  commercial  power, 
into  single  highly  capitalized  corpo 
rations  for  the  transaction  of  nearly 
is  not  a 
every  kind'  of  business, 
serious  menace  to  the  ambition  of 
the  humble  masses  of  our  people 
and  hence  to  the  prosperity  of  our 
nation. 
Is 

individual  man 
should  become  bound  up 
the 
wheels  and  shafts  of  a great  factory, 
each  dependent  upon  some  connect 
ing  part  of  a machine,  and  the  whole 
controlled  by  the  will  of  one  mas 
ter  ?  Do  these  huge  aggregations 
of  capital  advance  or  retard  individ 
ual  wealth  and  happiness  among  the 
greatest  number  of  our  people  ? 
tend  to  crush  out 
Do  they  not  often 
the  moral  courage  as well  as  destroj' 
the  business  of  the  individual  pro 
ducer,  merchant  and  manufacturer  ? 
Ever  since  commercial  trusts  were 
the  U.  S.  Supreme 
held  illegal  by 
Court,  capital  has  slipped  the  noose 
and  accomplished 
the  same  results 
by  organizing  as  private  or  quasi 
public  corporations  under  the  laws 
of  some  one  of  our  states  of  identi 
cally  the  same  kind  that  have  been 
created  and 
favored  all  over  our 
nation  for  the  last  half  century. 

W i th 

this  artificial  entity  as  a 
nucleus,  an  accretion  of'capital  sets 
in, eventually  bringing  about  a  great 
consolidation  of  business 
interests. 
T h us  by  a  legal  circumvention  of 
the  trust  plan,  the  radical  idea  for  a 
union  of  forces  is  worked  out  that  is 
equally  effective  to  accomplish  every 
result  which 
the 
trusts  illegal.  A  little  legerdemain 
turned 
is  presto, 
change!  N ow  you.  see  it,  and  now 
you  don't. 

in  reality  made 

trick. 

the 

It 

Their  object 

is  to  exercise  artifi 
cial  rights  and  privileges  not  pos 
sessed  by  the  individual.  T h ey  re 
ceive  their  breath  of  life  by  force  of 
legal 
state  statutes.  T he  primary 
idea  of  corporations 
they 
that 
combine  the  capital, talents  and  skill 
of  many  individuals  in  one  pursuit 

is 

and  seek  to  secure  for 
the  stock 
holders  advantages  which  none  of 
them  can  gain  single  handed. 

they  have 

the  people  of 

T he  public  utility  of  these  modern 
consolidated  groups  of  corporations, 
•sometimes  called  judicious  combina 
trusts,  is  now 
tions,  but  misnamed 
being  questioned.  W h en  once  born 
and  set  on  their  feet 
the 
world  before  them  for  their  field  of 
labor  and  the  question  will  arise  in 
giving  our  federal  g o v e r n m e n t c o n-
trol  over  them,  if  that  is  the  remedy, 
whether  or  not 
the 
states  wish  to  surrender  to  the  fed 
eral  government  another  very  large 
their  sovereign  power, 
portion  of 
over  a  subject  which  has  heretofore 
been  in  the  state's  exclusive  control. 
A  corporation  cannot  be  confined 
in  its  operations  within  a  state  line. 
T he  right  to free  commerce  between 
states  prevents  that.  Their  present 
is  to  become 
method  of  operation 
chartered  under 
the  laws  of  some 
liberal  provisions  as  to 
state  with 
and 
their  duration,  capitalization 
Their 
o b j e ct 
this  idea: 
scheme  embodies  farther 
to 
that  the  stock  therein  be  issued 
the  owners  of  practically  all 
the 
small  corporations  or  companies  in 
line  of  business,  in 
any  particular 
one  or  perhaps  several  or  all  of 
the 
states,  in  consideration  of  the  prop 
erty,  good  will  and  business  of 
the 
smaller  concerns  in  the  combination 
all  passing  to  the  new  organization, 
and  by  these  means  one  whole  in 
dustry,  or  a  series  of  industries,  be 
comes  merged  into  one  giant  feudal 
corporation. 

incorporation. 

of 

throttle 

frequently 

T h us  is  formed  a  combination  of 
capital,  skill  and  power  in  business 
that  has 
financial 
the  controlling 
and  commercial  strength  of  a  giant. 
T he  individual,  therefore,  must  com 
a  business 
pete  practically  with 
monarchy. 
,It  has  a  distinct  head 
and  everyone  beneath  is  in  a  condi 
tion  of  servile  dependence.  Their 
fair 
methods 
competition  by  their  unduly  engross 
the  market  on 
ing  and  forestalling 
many 
Their 
lines  of  products. 
organization  frequently  closes,  with 
industries 
out  good  cause,  numerous 
in  different  parts  of  the  country  that 
had  previously  been  doing  a  thriv 
throw 
ing  business  and 
thereby 
labor  out  of  employment. 
T h ey 
put  down  prices  of  goods  in  one 
place  below  the  legitimate  cost  of 
production  to  drive  a  rival  out  and 
in 
raise 
the  price  of 
another  locality  to  make 
their  ac 
counts  on  the  deal  balance. 

their  wares 

T h ey  wield 

the  boycott, 
the 
bludgeon  of 
trade  and  commerce, 
with  tremendous  influence,  by  refus 
ing  to  sell  their  wares  to  a  man  w ho 
buys  of  a  rival  at  the  same  time  he 
them.  All  of 
seeks 
these 
they  have  done  and 
now  do  for  the  avowed  purpose  of 
stifling  legitimate  competition. 

to  deal  with 
things 

We  should  not  forget,  however, 
in  treating  of  this  question,  that  a 
man  has  a  right  to  buy  and  sell  as 
he  pleases;  so  has  a corporation.  A 
man  has  a  right 
to  indefinitely  ex 
Is 
tend  his  business  and  holdings. 
this  right  to  be  curtailed  as  to  cor 
porations  when 
exercised  within 
their  legal  objects ?  H a ve  not  cor 
porations,  the  same  as the  individual, 
improved 
a  right  to  use  new  and 
methods  in  business,  the  patents,  in 
ventions 
and  every  other  device 
known  to  the  arts  of  trade  and  com 
merce  for  the  cheapening  in  produc 
tion  and  distribution,  as  well  as  the 
betterment  of  the  manufactured  arti 
cle?  All  will  concede 
they 
have  this  right. 

that 

A re  we,  however,"  ready 

to  con-

6 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  R E C O R D. 

J U NE  26,  1900. 

cede  that  a  comparatively  tew  men 
of  great  wealth  may form  and  oper 
ate  without  limit  this  business  ma 
chine  that  works  to  the  detriment, 
as  many  believe, of so many  individ 
uals  ?  Is it good  for the body  poli 
tic  that  a few should  be the masters 
of  Our country's  trade,  manufactur 
ing  and  commerce  and  so  many 
their  servants ? 

These  institutions  do  not  possess 
the  vested  right  to lead  this  kind of 
a 
life.  T he  present  concentration 
and  ownership  of  nine-tenths  of all 
the  country's  personal  property  into 
the  control  of  corporate 
life  is no 
more  to  be  desired  than  would  be 
the  accumulation  of  vast  landed es 
tates  into  the  hands  of  a  few land 
barons.  This  relic  of  the  feudal 
system  has been  abolished  in  every 
state  of  the  union,  I  believe,  by  re 
pealing  the  law of  primogeniture, 
so  our lands  are  owned  in  a  broad 
sense  in  small  holdings  with  the 
occupant  not a tenant,  but the  pos 
sessor  of an allodial  estate. 

from 

Feudalism, 

in  its  palmy  days, 
meant 
that  all  the  land,  air  and 
water,  with  the  beasts,  birds,  fishes 
and  minerals,  belonged,  not  to the 
people,  but  to the  lords  of  the  soil. 
If  a man  wished  to  fish,  hunt,  shoot 
a  bird  in the air, gather  sticks,  pluck 
a  twig,  leaf, or fruit  from  the trees, 
or  pick  up  anything 
the 
ground,  he must  first  get permission 
from  the lord  of the manor,  or  some 
of  his underlings.  This  meant  that 
the  weak  were  to  get weaker  and 
the  strong  stronger,  and the cunning 
more  cunning.  T he time was,  under 
the  feudal  system,  when  man  passed 
with  a  deed  of  the land  as  a  part 
and  parcel  thereof,  the  same  almost 
as  animals  in the  forest. 
Is  there 
features 
no  parallel  between  some 
of  the feudal  system  and the 8} stem 
of  corporate  development  that  takes 
in  our industrial  society  today? 

J u d g i ng  by analogy  in  the  light 
of  history  would  it not be  beneficial 
to  the individual  if the  concentration 
of  so  much  artificial 
power  and 
wealth  in  a  corporate  entity  were 
reasonably  checked? 
If  the  value 
of  individual  ambition  is to count in 
the  scale,  the  state  owes  it  to its 
people  to  inquire  carefully  into the 
use  of the franchises  it  has  granted 
to  some  of our citizens. 

corporations, 

Whatever  the  evils  may be  in 
such 
they  must  be 
regulated  and  restrained  as  are  t he 
rights  of the individual,  not seeking 
to  work  destruction,  but  observing 
at  all times  the natural  laws of  trade 
which  will  take  care  of  themselves 
in  spite  of  all  the  legislatures  in 
Christendom. 

If  these  corporations  are a menace 
to  the individual,  they  are a  menace 
to  the  nation;  and it is  our  duty  to 
begin  to  correct  their  errors  at the 
points  where  they  defiantly  over-ride 
the  law or prostitute  the purpose of 
our  government to their  private  ends. 
Every  corporation  is  a  creature  of 
the  people  brought  into  existence by 
their  state  legislatures  just  as  much 
as  our  national  banks  are  creatures 
of  congress  and  one thould  be  just 
as  much  subject  to public  scrutiny  as 
the  other. 

" T he 

T he  power  of  the  people  to deal 
with  the problem  as they  see fit is 
Judge  Cooley  in an 
not  doubtful. 
early  Michigan  case  said  this: 
sovereign 

power 
which  the  State  possesses  is  to be 
exercised  only  for  the  general  pub 
lic  welfare,  but  it  reaches  to  every 
person,  to every  kind  of  business, to 
every  species  of  property  within the 
commonwealth.  T he  conduct  of 
every  individual  and the use  of all 

police 

property  and of all rights  is regulated 
by  it, to any  extent  found  necessary 
for  the  preservation  of  the  public 
order  and  also  for  the  protection of 
the  private  rights  of  one  individual 
against  encroachment  by  others." 

This  great  Michigan  jurist  whose 
fame  as  an  authority  in legal  juris 
prudence  has  extended  all  over  our 
land  and even  to  Great  Britian and 
continental  Europe  has, I  believe, 
touched  the  keynote  of  the  power 
of  the people  on  this  subject  in  the 
language  I  have  quoted. 

T he  demagogue  and quack  states 
man,  w ho  unjustly  denounces  all 
forms  of  corporate  life  and  useful 
ness,  as  well  as  the  schemer  w ho 
selfishly  misuses  it  ought  to  stand 
together  and  share  the  public  cen 
sure.  T he  good  in  it  should  be  re 
tained  and  the  evil  expunged  in 
order  that  the lawful  ambitions and 
opportunities  of  many  of our people 
shall  not  be  crushed  by the  unjust 
methods  of  these  institutions. 

Fellow  graduates,  I  conjure  you 
to  stand  by  the  individual  in  the 
social  struggles 
that  are  going on. 
Keep  within  his reach  the incentive 
for  activity,  for  education  and  for 
commerce,  t he  development  of  the 
liberal  arts  and all that  goes  to  make 
up  a  free  and  active  man.  F i g ht 
against  socialism  because  it  enslaves 
the  masses  and  brings  all  men to a 
dead  level:  the lightning  of  genius 
never  strikes  a  dead 
level;  it  only 
hits  points. 

T he  value  of  individual  ambition 
is  too  great  to be  sacrificed  to  the 
commercial  demands  of  the  age. 
Ambition  ruled  by reason  and relig 
ion  is  a  virtue.  Unchecked  and 
maddened  by  vanity,  avarice  and 
covetousness, it is a vice.  Ambition 
" E v e ry 
is  opposed  to  communism. 
round  in  the  ladder  of  fame  from 
the  one that  rests on the ground  to the 
last  one that  leans  against  the shin 
ing  summit  of  human  ambition, be 
longs  to the foot  that  gets  on it." It 
believes  in  every  man  striving  for 
what  he  has.  " In the  intellectual 
world,  it says  to every  man, let your 
soul  be  like  an eagle.  F ly out into 
thought  and 
the  great  dome  of 
learn  the truth  for yourselves."  No 
man  could  ever  rise  in  his  profes 
sion,  trade,  or  occupation  having no 
ambition  to reach  its  higher  points. 
Like  every  other  gift,  it is the abuse 
and  not  the  use of  ambition's  fire 
that 
leads  to erring.  Kept  within 
proper  bounds  it is  a noble  quality 
leading  to  perfection. 

Report  of  t he Necrologists 

MRS.  P.  B.  WOODWOKTH, 

' 9 3, CHICAGO, I t - L. 

Fellow  Alumni  and Friends: 

Again  have three years rolled  away 
and  we gather  here  to  renew  once 
more  the happy  memories  and asso 
ciations  of our College  days  and to 
wander,  as  of  yore,  about  its  ever 
beautiful  campus.  With  the  happi 
ness  there  also  comes  a tinge  of  sad 
ness, for always  as we  look  the  faces 
over  and inquire  for all the dear old 
friends  do we  find  vacancies  in bur 
ranks  which  will  never  more  be 
filled.  And  so it is but  fitting  that, 
as  we come  together  again,  mention 
should  be made  of  those  whom  the 
A n g el  of  Death  has  visited  and 
taken  under  the shadow  of his wing. 
This  task,  hard  for any of us, seems 
doubly  so  to  me for so  closely  has 
my  life  been 
interwoven  with  the 
life  of  the College  that  the death of 
any  alumnus,  is  in  almost  all  cases, 
the  loss of a personal  friend;  and it is 
with  heavy  heart  that  I  look  the list 
over.  Since our last  meeting  twelve 

of  our  number  have  answered  the 
last  roll  call  and  gone  to  their  eter 
nal  rest.  But  we  thank  God  that 
the  lives  were  true  and  useful  and 
that  the memories  which  they  have 
left  behind  are  dear  and  honored 
ones.  Their  usefulness  could  not 
end  in  death,  for  always  will  their 
example  be felt  as  an  influence  for 
In  several  cases  have the 
the  good. 
deaths  come  from 
lingering  and  in 
curable  diseases  and  these  have  been 
borne  in a spirit  of  greatest  cheer 
fulness  and resignation. 

"We  must all die ! 
All  leave  ourselves, it  matters  not where, 

when, 

Nor how, so we die well ; and can that man 

that does so, 

Need  lamentations for him?" 

Words  are  but  empty  comfort 
and  we  cannot  express  our  sorrow 
for  those  w ho have  been  bereaved, 
but  may it  be  some  consolation  to 
them  to know  that  the hearts  of the 
College  friends  go  out  to  them  in 
sympathy. 

IN  MEMORIAM  OF 

C H A R L ES  E.  H O L L I S T E R,  of 

the 
class  of  ' 6 1, who died  at his home in 
Laingsburg,  Miclr*, on  the  i i th  of 
April,  1900.  Mr. Hollister  was a 
member  of the  first  class that  gradu 
ated  from  M. A. C. and his  familiar 
face  will  be  much  missed  at  our 
reunions.  He was a prominent  far 
mer  and  influential  man  in  his 
county, 
'  F R A NK  S.  B U R T O N,  of 
the  class 
o f ' 6 8,  died  at  A nn  Arbor,  Mich., 
on  the  5th  of  January,  1897.  At 
the  time  of  his death  he was a  law 
yer. 

F R A NK  P.  D A V I S,  also  of 

'68, 

died  at  Guayaquil,  Ecuador,  S.  A ., 
on  the 3d of  M a y, 1900.  Mr. Davis 
was  a  highly  skilled  engineer  and 
was  civil  engineer  of  the  Guayaquil 
and  Quito  R. R. 

G E O R GE  D.  M O O R E,  ' 7 1, a  farmer, 
prominent  in  Grange  work.  Died 
at  Medina,  Mich.,  on  F e b. 4,  1900. 
A R T H UR  A. CROziER,class  of '79, 
died  at  his  home  in  A nn  Arbor, 
J a n u a ry  28, 1899.  F or  four  years 
previous  to  his  death,  Mr. Crozier 
had  held  t he  position  of  Assistant 
Agriculturist  of 
the  Experiment 
Station  here  at the College,  and  had 
made  hosts  of  friends  both  here and 
abroad.  He was an eminent  botanist 
and  devoted  to  his  work,  and has 
left  behind  him many  testimonials of 
his  hard  and earnest  endeavor  in the 
shape  of  valuable  bulletins. 

the 
C H A R L ES  W.  C R O S S M A N,  of 
class  of '82, died  at  Memphis,  Tenn 
essee,  on Sept.  2, 1897.  Mr. Cross-
man  was a dealer  in real  estate. 

W I L L I AM  S.  B A I R D,  of  ' 8 5,  died 
at  his home  in  Los  Angeles, Cal., 
on  J a n. 10, 1898.  T he  death  was 
caused  by consumption  from  which 
he  had  been  a  sufferer  for  some 
years.  M r. Baird  was engaged  in 
the  practice  of law. 

C H A S.  S,  W H I T M O R E,  '87.  M r. 
Whitmore  had been  a farmer  and at 
the  time  of his death  was  employed 
as  salesman  for  the  McCormick 
Machine  C o.  Died  at  Utica,  N. Y., 
A u g.  19,  1899, after  a  very  short 
illness. 

M R S.  H.  T.  F R E N CH  'S7,  ( C a r r ie 
M.  F r e n c h ).  Died  April  28,  1S99, 
Moscow,  Idaho. 

M I SS  G R A CE  L.  F U L L E R, 

' 9 1, 
died  at her  home  near  the  Agricul 
tural  College,  J a n.  2, 1900.  Miss 
Fuller  engaged  in teaching  at  Lan 
sing  and  in  the East  from  the time 
of  her graduation 
till  her  marriage 
in  Sept.  1899, to  Leander  Burnett. 
She  was a  charter  member  of  the 
first  woman's  society  at the College, 

and  we old girls  remember  her  with 
a  great  deal  of  affection. 
Steady, 
earnest  and sure,  Grace  was  always 
to  be relied  on. 

G I L B E RT  H.  H I C K S,  '92,  died  at 
Washington,  D.  C,  December  5, 
1898.  M r. Hicks  was, at  the  time 
of  his  death,  first  assistant  chief of 
the  Division  of  Botany,  which  posi 
tion  he had won by hard  and patient 
work.  Previous  to going  to  Wash 
ington  he  had  been 
instructor  in 
botany  at the College  and his mem 
ory  is very  precious  here. 

R O B E RT  B.  P I C K E T T,  ' 9 3.  Died 
Sept.  3,  1897, at  Springport,  Mich. 
W A L T ER  G.  A M O S,  of  '97,  man 
ager  of the Chicago  Office  for  Mur 
phy  Iron  Works  of  Detroit,  died  at 
his  home  in  Morgan  P a r k, 111., 
March  22, 1900.  M r. A m o s'  death 
is  particularly  sad as he was a  young 
man  in the best  of  health  and doing 
remarkably  well  in  business.  Only 
three  weeks  before  his  death  he 
attended  the banquet  of  the  M.  A. 
C.  Association  in Chicago  and on the 
very  day of  his death  M r.  Wood-
worth  had a letter  from  him in  refer 
ence  to some business connected  with 
this  association.  W h en  Llewellyn 
Reynolds,  with  '95, came  out to  our 
home  in  Chicago  to  bring  us  the 
news  we  could  not  make  it  seem 
true.  M r. Amos  was returning  to 
Morgan  Park  in  the  evening  and 
as  he went  to alight  from  the  train 
his  foot  slipped  in some  way and  he 
fell,breaking  his leg.  He was taken 
to  his home  where  the fracture  was 
set  and after  the  operation  he  went 
quietly  off to sleep  to wake  no more. 
Only  a  very  few  of  his  College 
friends  heard  of  it in time  to  attend 
the  services. 

C H A R L ES  E.  T O W N S E N D,  of 

the 
class  of  '98,  died  at  Onondaga, 
Mich.,  April  13, 1900.  M r. T o w n-
send  spent  the  first  year  after  grad 
uation  in  teaching,  but  ill  health 
forced  him to  lay down  his  work 
and  after  a year's  suffering  he passed 
away. 

There  has been  one death  in  the 
College  circle,  not that  of  an  alum 
nus,  which  yet  cannot  be  omitted 
from  this list;  that  of  Mrs. Henry  G. 
Reynolds,  w ho died  at her  home in 
Pasadena, Cal.,January,  1S99.  Dur 
ing  her nine  years'  residence  on the 
campus  M r s.  Reynolds  won the 
hearts  of  all  w ho knew  her by  her 
cordial  warm-heartedness  and hospi 
tality.  We  who  were 
fortunate 
enough  to have  been  students  at  that 
time  carry  many  happy  memories of 
pleasant  evenings  spent  at her home. 
To  all of us w ho knew  her the news 
of  her death  came  as a personal  sor 
row. 
I  have  in  my  possession  a 
letter  written  by  Mrs. Reynolds  at 
the  time of  Will  Baird's  death  under 
the  circumstances  which  contains one 
paragraph  that  it  seems  a  duty  to 
"I  was  much  with  Will 
read. 
Baird  before  he died. 
I have  always 
wanted  his College  friends  to  know 
what  a cheery  brave  life  he led,  and 
how  calm  and  beautiful  was  his 
death. 
I  have  never  seen  one  more 
so.  His  thoughtfulness  for  others 
while  in severe  pain  and  weakness 
was  wonderful." 

With  bowed  heads  and  reverent 
hearts  we  accept  our Father's  will. 
May  His  call  find  us all as ready. 

A l u m ni  Music. 

T he  vocal  music  at  the  literary 
meeting of alumni  Wednesday  morn 
ing  was  most  artistically  rendered 
by  the  Mozart  Male  Quartette  of 
Lansing  and  was  enthusiastically 
encored.  We  trust  we  may  hear 
them  again. 

J U NE  26, 

1900. 

T H E.  M.  A.  C. 

R E C O R D. 

7 

Alumni  Banquet. 

UNION  LITERARY  SOCIETY. 

the 

About  three  hundred  alumni  and 
to  the  ban 
invited  guests  sat  down 
quet  in 
the  armory  at  six  o'clock, 
two  or  more  classes  being  seated  at 
a  table  with  a  member  of 
fac 
ulty.  T he  banquet  was  in  charge 
of  Miss  C r o w e, instructor  in  cookery, 
w ho  was  assisted  in  its  preparation 
by  several  faculty  ladies  and  mem 
in  cooking.  T he 
bers  of 
the  class 
comments  upon 
its 
the  menu  and 
serving  were  all  very  flattering,  and 
comparisons  with  former  banquets, 
given  previous  to  the  opening  of  the 
Women's  Department,  when 
the 
arrangements  were 
in  charge  of 
caterers,  were  far  from  favorable  to 
the 
latter.  T he  evident  apprecia 
tion  of  those  present  spoke  volumes 
for  the  menu,  while  the  serving  by 
ladies  was  perfection, 
the  young 
and  was  a  credit 
instruction 
and  executive  ability  of  Miss  Crowe. 
Prof.  F.  S.  Kedzie  acted  as  toast-
master  and  called  for  responses  by 
D r.  Kedzie,  Dr.  Beal,  P.  B.  Wood-
worth,  '86,  Chicago,  A.  G.  Gu'iley, 
' 6 8,  Conn.,  Mrs.  E va  C.  McBain, 
to  graduate 
'79, 
from  the  M.  A.  C,  H e n ry  Thurteli, 
'88,  Nevada,  E.  D.  Partridge,  '96, 
U t a h,  L.  W.  Watkins, 
'93,  Man 
chester,  C.  P.  Bush,  with  ,83,  Louis 
'92,  Miss 
ville,  Ky.,  G.  W.  Davis, 
Keller,  W.  J.  Meyers, 
'90,  F.  S. 
Hall, 
'88,  N ew  Y o r k,  Clarence  E. 
Bement,  Lansing,  and  Dr.  Edwards. 
'93,  with  his 
orchestra  and  college  songs,  led  by 
Leander  Burnett,  '92,  were 
inter 
spersed  between  the  toasts. 

R oy  C.  Bristol, 

first  woman 

to  the 

the 

President's  Reception. 

At 

the  close  of  the  banquet  the 
president's  reception  was  held  at  his 
residence.  Hon.  and  M r s.  C. 
J. 
Monroe,  and  Hon.  L.  W.  Watkins 
the  State  board  of  agriculture, 
of 
Hon.  Jason  E.  Hammond,  State 
superintendent  of  public  instruction, 
Mrs.  Elgin  Mifflin,  and  Prof,  and 
M r s.  C.  D.  Smith  assisted  in  receiv 
E.  M.  Kedzie, 
i n g;  Mesdames 
Wheeler,  Waterman  and  Marshall 
assisted  in  the  parlors;  Misses  Grace 
Townsend  and  Myrtle  D e W i tt  had 
charge  of 
room,  and 
the  dining 
Misses  Grace  Taft  and  May  Butter-
field  served  punch. 

Many  of  the  alumni  were  present 
at  the  reception  and  made  the  most 
of  the  opportunity  to  talk  over  old 
the 
times.  At  ten  o'clock  many  of 
guests  repaired  to  the  armory  where 
the  alumni  hop was  held,  and  danced 
until  the  small  hours. 

T he  /Societies. 

Wednesday  evening  was  given  up 
to  the  societies.  Receptions  and  lit 
erary  exercises  were  held  during  the 
earlier  hours,  followed  by  banquets 
and  still 
T he 
alumni  of  the  various  societies  were 
present  in  good  numbers. 

later  by  dancing. 

T he  Columbians,  after  an  interest 
ing  literary  program  enjoyed  a  ban 
quet  in  Club  C  and  then  danced  in 
their  society  rooms.  H.  R.  Parish" 
'95  was  among  the  alumni  present; 
he  is  at  present  located  in  Sparrow's 
Point,  Maryland. 

they 

T he  Hesperians  had  their  recep 
tion  in  the  society  rooms  8  till  10. 
T h en  followed  the  banquet  in  Club 
E.  At  midnight 
the 
Eclectics  and  Phi  Deltas  in  a  dance 
at 
the  armory.  H.  B.  Fuller,  '92; 
C.  A.  H a t h a w a y , ' 9 2 m;  W m.  H u r d, 
'99, D.  W.  Trine, '92;  C.  E.  Holmes, 
' 9 3;  L.  C.  Smith,  with 
'99,  were 
a m o ng  the  old  students  present. 

joined 

T he  Union  Literary  Society  held 
its  twenty-fourth  annual  society  re 
evening, 
union  Wednesday 
J u ne 
13th.  This  being 
triennial  year  a 
the  society  alumni 
large  number  of 
were  back,  in  fact,  the  largest  num 
ber 
the  society. 
These  began  to  gather  in  the  rooms 
at  about  7:30  and 
talked  over  old 
times  until  the  president's  gavel  an 
nounced  the  call  to  order. 

the  history  of 

in 

' 8 3; 

T he  usual  literary  program  was 
gone  through  with,  after  which  the 
alumni 
themselves  with 
enjoyed 
that  part  of  khe  dance 
dancing, 
program  preceding*  the  ^banquet  be 
their  exclusive 
ing  turned  over  for 
use.  At  11  o'clock 
re 
the  crowd 
paired 
to  the  chapel  where  a  well 
ordered  banquet  awaited  their  pleas 
inner  man 
ure  and  palates.  T he 
being  satisfied  the 
intellectual  man 
was  then  refreshed  by  the  following 
series  of  toasts:  " O ur  Alma  Mater," 
" T he 
William  A.  Bahlke, 
A l u m n i ,"  Fred  T.  Williams, 
' 9 8; 
"Retrospection,"  Louis  A.  Bregger, 
Ideal  Union  Literary 
'SS;  " T he 
' 8 8; 
Society,"  H e n ry 
for 
" W h at 
M e ,"  Gerrit  M a s s e l i n k , ' 9 5;  " P r e s 
ent  Aspirations,"  Newell  A.  Mc-
toastmaster,  H u gh  P. 
Cune, 
Baker, 
to 
the  dancing  proceeded 
their  rooms 
without 
the  re 
mainder  of 
the  program  had  been 
danced. 
To 

' 0 1; 
' 0 1.  R e t u r n i ng  again 

it  was  a 
most  enjoyable  occasion  and  makes 
us  wish 
repeated 
oftener,  as  we  could  then  become 
better  acquainted  with  more  of  our 
alumni. 

the  U.  L.  S.  has  done 

the  active  members 

interruption  until 

it  might  be 

Thurteli, 

G. E. T. 

that 

PHI  DELTA  REUNION. 

Wednesday  eve., J u ne  13, at  about 
8:30,  the  P hi  Delta  Society  gathered 
for  a  pleasant  reunion.  After  par 
the 
taking  of  an  elaborate  banquet 
following  toasts  were  responded  to, 
with  Chas.  F.  Herrmann,  '97,  as 
"  Welcome,"  Oramel 
toastmaster: 
Skinner; 
" O ld  T i m e s ,"  Adorf 
it  is,"  E u g e ne  Price; 
Krentel;  " As 
" T o m o r r o w ,"  Fred  Stevens;  "  Auf 
Wiedersehen,"  H a r ry  Kimball. 

Much  pleasure  and  interest  were 
added  by  remarks  from  H.  J.  De-
Garmo,  '88, and  R oy  C.  Bristol, '93, 
telling  of  experiences  of  their  stu 
dent  days. 

At  12  o'clock 

the  company  went 
to the  armory,  where  " T i c s ,"  " P h i ' s" 
and  Hesperians  united  in  an  attempt 
to  make  this  the  happiest  day  of  the 
year. 

o.  H. S. 

OLYMPIC  SOCIETY. 

T he  Fourteenth  Annual  Reunion 
of  the  Olympic  Society  was  charac 
terized  by  the  presence  of  a  large 
number  of  the  alumni  and  out-of-
town  guests.  At  8:30  the  Society 
was  called  to  order  and  the  follow 
ing  program  was  rendered: 

Oration,  Chauncy  P.  Reynolds; 
poem,  Louis  G.  Michael; 
society 
paper,  H.  J.  Eustace;  Alumni  ad 
'97;  critic, 
dress,  W.  G.  Goodwin, 
G.  W.  Davis,  '92.  After 
the  pro 
gram  all  enjoyed  themselves  by  re 
newing  old  acquaintances,  or  form 
ing  new  ones  until  the  banquet  was 
announced,  when  Mr.  A.  M.  Patri-
arche, '98, led  the  way  to the  banquet 
which  was tastily  served  by  a  caterer 
from  Hastings. 

Mr.  Patriarche  acted  as 

toast-
master  and  the  following  toasts  were 
responded  t o: 

" O l y m p u s ,"  Geo.  M.  Odium,  '00; 
" O l y m p us  the  Eternal  H o me  of  the 
Gods."—Homer. 

"  We  and  the  Other  Fellow,"  G. 
W.  Steves, 
I , ' t is  he, 
' 0 3;  " ' T is 
yet  neither."—Horace. 

" C h a n g e s ,"  Geo.  Chadsey,  ' 0 1; 
there  is  a 

" S i n ce 
I  saw  you  last 
change  upon  you."—Shakespeare* 

" W h e e l s ,"  Louis  G.  Michael; 
"  T he  rich  man  rides  a  bike, 

their 

rooms 

T he  poor  all  have  to  hike."—Puck. 
After  which  the  Society  returned 
the 
tripped 
and 
to 
"  light 
the 
fantastic,"  or  rested  in 
dimly  lighted  cosy-corner,  until  the 
sun's  mellow  light  made  the  electrics 
unnecessary,  when  all  went  home 
feeling  that  when  they  again  wished 
a  good  time,  that  they  knew  where 
to  find 
from 
it.  T he  music  was 
W u r s b u r g 's 
orchestra  of  Grand 
Rapids. 

Throughout  commencement  week 
the  Society 
rooms  were  used  as 
headquarters  by  all  members,  both 
old  and  new,  and  many  delightful 
times  were  there  enjoyed  by  them. 

A m o ng  the  alumni  members  pres 
ent  were  W.  K.  Clute,  'SS;  H.  W. 
Hart,  ' 9 7;  George  Campbell, 
' 9 8; 
H.  E.  W a r d,  ' 9 5;  W.  R.  Goodwin, 
' 9 7 ^;  A.  M.  Patriarche,  '98.  M r. 
Patriarche  served  as  toastmaster  at 
the  banquet. 

T he  Eclectic's  entertained 

their 
friends  and  themselves  by  a  carefully 
arranged  program  until  about  10:30 
when  they  descended  to  Club  B  for 
banquet  and  toasts.  Mr.  H a r ry  S. 
Reed  served  as  toastmaster.  Toasts 
were given byjason  E . H a m m o n d a nd 
others.  T he  following  were  among 
the  alumni  present:  E.  C.  Peters, 
' 9 3;  W.  C.  Stebbins, 
' 9 5;  J.  W. 
Beaumont,  '82;  R o b t.  B.  A.  Buek, 
'96;  Jason  E.  H a m m o n d, 
'86;  W. 
J.  Merkel,  'gSm;  P e r ry  G.  T o w a r, 
'85,  and  his  three  year  old  daughter 
Eclecta.  After 
the 
"  Tic's"  and  their  friends  danced  in 
the  armory. 

the  banquet 

COMMENCEMENT  DAY. 

Commencement  Exercises. 

to 

By  ten  o'clock 

the  armory  was 
crowded  by  students  and  the  friends 
of  the  College.  After  a  selection 
by  the  M.  A.  C.  band  the  Board  of 
Agriculture,  faculty  and  graduating 
their  seats  upon 
class  marched 
the  platform.  T he  invocation  was 
given  by  the  R e v.  M r.  Odium,  and 
was  followed  by  a  piano  duet  by 
Misses  Hudson  and  Goodrich.  Miss 
represented 
the  Women's 
Robson 
address 
department 
and 
"  W o m an  and  her  Relation  to 
the 
Outside  W o r l d"  discussed  woman 
as  she  is  today,  as  she  has  been  and 
sensibly 
may  be,  rationally 
from  her  standpoint  as  woman  and 
graduate. 

in  her 

and 

the 

took 

scientific 

M r.  T h a y er 

subject 
"Conservation  of  Food."  He  ex 
agriculture 
plained  how 
in  greater  production 
has  resulted 
per  acre  and  better  crops,  how 
the 
poorer  soils  are  and  may  be  made 
fruitful,  how  exhaustion  of 
the  soil 
indefinitely. 
may  be  put  off  almost 
T he  vocal  solo  by  Professor  Joslyn 
was  much  appreciated.  Mr.  T h o m p 
son,  for 
the  mechanical  graduates, 
in  speaking  of  " R a p id  Transit  from 
an  Engineering  Standpoint,"  com 
pared  the  methods  of 
the  present 
with  those  of  the  past  in  engineering 
w o rk  and  brought  out  by  many  ex 
amples  the  wonderful  achievements 
of  the  profession.  He  explained  the 
the  civil,  mechanical  and 
part  of 
the  great 
electrical 
in 
things  which  have  been 
accom 
plished. 

engineers 

Booker  T.  Washington,  of  Tus-

Institute,  Alabama,  was 

the 
kegee 
orator  of  the  occasion,  and  gave  the 
following  address: 

Solving  the  Negro  Problem  in  the 
B  ack  Belt  of  the  South. 

the  advantages  of 

F or  a number  of  years  I  have  tried 
in 
to  advocate 
the  negro,  be 
dustrial  training  for 
cause  it  starts  the  race  off  on  a  real, 
sure  foundation,  and  not  on  a  false 
deceptive  one. 

Last  year  when  in  England,  l o b-
served  in  Birmingham,  London  and 
elsewhere,  in  the  large  polytechnic 
schools,  that  thousands  of  men  and 
women  were  being 
the 
trades  that  cover  work  in  the  earth, 
leather,  cloth, 
in  metal,  wood,  tin, 
food  preparation  and  what  not. 

trained  in 

that 

W h en  I  asked  why  do  you  give 
this  man  or  this  woman  training  in 
this  or 
industry,  the  answer 
came  that  when  these  students  come 
to  us  we  ask  in  each  case,  what  are 
the  prevailing  occupations  of 
the 
peoDle  in  the  communitv  where  the 
students  live? 
In  a  word  it  is  found 
out  what  the  student  can  find  to  do 
in  his 
immediate  community,  not 
what  he  ought  to  find  to do,  not  what 
the  instructors  might  desire  him  to 
do,  but  what  the economic  and  other 
conditions  prevailing  in  his  neigh 
borhood  will  actually  permit  him 
to  do. 

W i th  this knowledge  obtained,  the 
student  was  trained,  for  example  in 
leather,  because  at  his  home  that  was 
the prevailing  industry;  that  was  the 
occupation  at  which  he  could  find 
immediate  and  profitable  employ 
ment.  T he  same  logical  and  com 
mon  sense  principle  should  be  ap 
plied  to  the  negro  race.  F or  ex 
ample,  the  great  bulk  of  our  people 
live  directly  or  indirectly  by  work  in 
the  soil.  This  gives  us  a  tremend 
ous  advantage  in  the  way  of  a  foun 
dation. 

#  #  * 

* 

F r om  the  beginning  of  time  agri 
culture  has  constituted 
the  main 
foundation  upon  which  all  races  have 
grown  useful  and  strong. 

In 

the  present  condition  of 
the 
negro  race  it  is  a  grave  error  to  take 
a  negro  boy  from  a  farming  com 
in  about 
munity  and  educate  him 
everything  in  heaven  and  earth,  ed 
ucate  him  into sympathy  with  every 
thing  that  has  no  bearing  upon  the 
life  of  the  community  to  which  he 
should  return,  and  out  of  sympathy 
with  most  that  concerns  agricultural 
life.  T he  result  of 
this  process  is 
that  in  too  many  cases  the  boy  thus 
trained,  fails  to  return  to  his  father's 
farm,  but  takes  up  his  abode  in  the 
city  and  falls  in  too  many  cases  into 
the  temptation  of  trying 
to  live  by 
his  wits,  without  honest  productive 
employment.  And  my  friends 
if 
there  is one  thing  at  the  present  time 
that  should  give  us more  serious  con 
cern  than  another,  it  is  the  large  idle 
class  of  the  Negro 
race  that  linger 
about  the  sidewalks,  bar  rooms  and 
dens  of  sin  and  misery  of  our  large 
cities. 

E v e ry  infliaential  man  and  w o m an 
should  make  it  a  part  of  his  duty  t° 
this  class 
reach  the 
individuals  of 
that  they  find  em 
and  either  see 
ployment  in  the  cities  or  are  scat 
tered  to  the  four  winds  of  the  earth 
in  agricultural  communities  where 
they  can  make  an  honorable 
living 
and  where  their  services  are  needed. 
that  the  white 
boy  is not  always  thus dealt  with,  my 
answer  is:  My  friends, 
the  white 
man  is  three 
thousand  years  ahead 
of  the  N e g r o,  and  this  fact  we  may 

If  it  be  suggested 

8 

T HE 

M.  A. 

C.  R E C O R D. 

J U NE  26, 

1900. 

of 

by 

the 

and 

buildings, 

of 
their 

fixtures.  T h e re  are 

these 
eight 
four  have  been  wholly 
all  except 
the 
erected 
labor 
students.  Students  and 
in 
structors  have  done  the  work  from 
the drawing  of  the  plans  and  making 
of  the  bricks  to  the  putting  in  of  the 
electric 
fifty 
wagons  and  buggies  and  600 head  of 
live  stock.  T he  total  value  of 
the 
real  and  personal  property  is  $300,-
If  we  add  to  this  our  endow 
000. 
ment  fund  of  $165,000,  the 
total 
value  of  property  is  $465,000,  and 
if  we  add  to 
this  the  value  of  the 
25,000  acres  of  public  land  recently 
granted  to  this  institution  by  Con 
gress,  the  total  property  of  this  in 
stitution  is  $590,000.  T he  students 
trades  and 
earn  by  work  at  their 
- other  industries, about  $90,000.  T he 
total  monthly  expenditure  is  nearly 
$7,500.  T he 
total  daily  expendi 
ture  is not  far  from  $250. 

Beginning  with  thirty  students, 
the 

the  number  has  grown  until  at 

I  have  read  recently  an  account  of 
a  young  colored  man  in  the  district 
of  Columbia  who  graduated  from 
college  and  from  a  school  of 
tech 
nology, and  then  what?  He  did  not 
for  a  position 
go  about  seeking 
which  other  brains  and  other  hands 
had  created,  but  used  his  knowledge 
of  the  sciences  and  mathematics  in 
creating  a  bootblack  establishment, 
where  he  manufactures  his  own 
blacking  and  polish.  Starting  with 
one  chair,  he  now  has  a  dozen;  start-
with  one  place  of  business,  he  now 
has  several.  W h at  matters  it  to  this 
man  whether  republicans,  democrats, 
or  populists  are  in  power  in  Wash 
ington?  He  knows  that  h,e  has  a 
business 
independ 
that  gives  him 
ence,  and  with 
its  expansion  and 
growth  will  come  wealth  and  leisure 
and  the  highest  educational  oppor 
tunities  for  his  children.  Oh,  for  a 
thousand  men  with  the  force  of  char 
acter  and  common  sense  to  begin  on 
such  a  foundation! 

as  well  face  now  as  well  as  after, 
and  that  at  one  stage  of  this  develop 
ment,  either  in  E u r o pe  or  America, 
he  has  gone  through  every  stage  of 
development  that  I  now  advocate  for 
the  N e g ro  race.  No  race  can  be 
lifted  till  its  mind  is  awakened  and 
strengthened.  By 
in 
dustrial 
training  should  always  go 
mental  and  moral  training.  But  the 
mere  pushing  of  abstract  knowledge 
into 
little.  We 
want  more  than  the  mere  perform 
ance  of  mental  gymnastics.  Our 
knowledge  must  be  harnessed  to  the 
things  of  real  life. 

the  head  means 

the  side  of 

5f 

T 

f  W 

to 

1  would 

encourage 

Again  it  is  asked,  would  you  limit 
or  circumscribe  the  mental  develop 
ment  of  the  N e g ro  boy?  Emphati 
I  answer  with  a  hundred 
c a l ly 
"noes." 
the 
N e g ro 
the  mental 
secure  all 
strength  and  mental  culture,  whether 
gleaned  from  science,  mathematics, 
history,  language  or  literature  that 
his  pocket  book  and  circumstances 
will  enable  him  to  pay  for;  but  I  re 
peat  with  all 
the  emphasis  of  my 
soul  that  the  greatest  proportion  of 
the  masses 
the  mental  strength  of 
will  be  brought 
the 
every  day  practical  affairs  of  life,  up 
that  is  needed  to  be 
on  something 
that  they  are 
done  and  something 
in  the  community 
permitted  to  do 
where  they  reside. 

to  bear  upon 

W h en  it  comes to  the  professional 
the  N e g ro  needs  and 
class  which 
must  have,  I  would  say,  give 
that 
training  which  will  best  fit  them  to 
perform  in  the  most  successful  man 
ner  the  service  which 
the  race  de 
mands.  But  would  you  confine  the 
N e g ro  to  industrial  life,  to  agricul 
ture,  for  example?  N o,  but  I  would 
teach  the  race  that  here  the  founda 
tion  must  be  laid,  and  that  the  very 
best  service  which  anyone  can  ren 
der  to  what  is  called  the  higher  edu 
cation  is  to  teach  the  present  gener 
ation 
to  provide  a  material  or  in 
dustrial  foundation. 

the 

On  this  industrial  foundation  will 
grow  habits  of 
love  of 
thrift 
work,  economy,  ownership  in  prop 
erty,  a  bank  account.  Out  of  it  in 
future  generations  will  grow  classi 
cal  education, professional  education, 
positions  of  public 
responsibility. 
Out  of  it  will  grow  moral  and  re 
ligious  strength.  Out  of  it  will  grow 
that  wealth  which  brings  leisure, jmd 
with  it  the  enjoyment  of 
literature 
and  the  fine  arts. 
In  the  words  of 
the  late  Frederick  Douglass,  which 
I  quote:  " E v e ry  blow  of  the  sledge 
hammer  wielded  by  a  sable  arm,  is  a 
powerful  blow 
in  support  of  our 
cause.  Every  colored  mechanic  is, 
by  virtue  of  circumstances,  an  eleva 
tor  of  his  race.  Every  house  built 
by  black  men 
tower 
against  the  allied  hosts  of  prejudice. 
It  is  impossible  for  us  to  attach  too 
to  this  aspect  of 
much 
the  subject.  Without  industrial  de 
there  can  be  no  wealth; 
velopment 
without  wealth 
can  be  no 
leisure;  without  leisure,  no  oppor 
tunity  for  thoughtful  reflection  and 
the  cultivation  of  the  higher  arts." 

is  a  strong 

importance 

there 

the  N e g ro 

I  would  set  no  limitations  on  the 
in  arts, 
attainments  of 
letters  or 
statemanship;  but,  my 
friends,  the  surest  and  speediest  way 
to  reach  these  ends  is  bv  laying  the 
foundation  in  the  little  things  of  life 
that  are  immediately  at  our  door. 
T he  man  who  has never  learned  how 
to  make  money  to  pay  his own  debts 
is  not  the  one  to  be  intrusted  with 
the  duty  of  making  laws  to  pay  the 
national  debt. 

BOOKER  T.  WASHINGTON. 

the 

industry;  out  from 

It  is  not  alone  the  mere  matter  of 
the  N e g ro  learning  this  or  that  trade 
for  which  I  plead,  but  through  the 
the 
trade, 
trade  or'  industry  I  want 
to  see 
the  full-fledged,  unhamp 
evolved 
I  plead  for 
ered,  unfettered  man. 
industrial  development,  not  because 
I  want  to  cramp  the  Negro,  but  be 
cause  I  want  to  free  him. 
I  want 
to  see  him  enter  the  great  and  all-
powerful  business  and  commercial 
world. 

*  *  *  * 

If  for  a brief  moment  you  will  ex 
cuse  me  for  the  seeming  egotism,  I 
will  tell  you  what  a  set  of  devoted 
colored  men  and  women  have  done 
at  Tuskegee,  Alabama,  during  the 
past  nineteen  years. 

Beginning  in  1S81  with  absolutely 
no  property  the  Tuskegee  Institute 
now  owns  2,500  acres  of  land.  Of 
this  amount  about  700  acres  are 
this  year  under  cultivation.  T h e re 
are  upon  the  school  grounds  forty-

time 

from 

students 

present 
there  are  connected 
with  the  institution  a  thousand  and 
more 
twenty-four 
states,  Africa, Jamaica,  Cuba,  Porto-
Rico  and  other  foreign  countries. 
In  all  of  our departments,  industrial, 
are 
academic  and 
eighty-eight  officers  and 
teachers, 
making  a  total  population  on  our 
grounds  of  about  1,200  people. 

religious, 

there 

During  the  nineteen  years  the  in 
stitution  has  been  in  existence  hun 
dreds  of  students  have  finished  the 
academic  and  industrial  courses,  and 
if we  add  to  the  number  about  2,000 
students  w ho  were  not  able  to  re 
main  and  get  a  diploma  or  certifi 
cate,  w ho  nevertheless  got  the  spirit 
of  the  institution  and  a  knowledge  of 
industry  to  such  an  extent  that  they 
are  doing  good  work  as  teachers,  as 
farmers,  as  tradesmen,  as  leaders  of 
thought, 
thrift,  morality, 
and  religion,  the  number  can  safely 
be  placed  at  nearly  2,500. 

industry, 

*  *  *  * 

N ot  a  single  one  of  our  grad 
uates  has  ever  been  convicted  by  any 
court  of  crime.  N ot  a  single  one  of 
our  graduates  has  ever  been  charged 
with  the  crime  of  attempting  an  in 
sult  upon  a  woman. 

industries  which 

At  least  half  of  these  students  are 
working  in  part  or  wholly  at  their 
trades  or 
they 
learned  at  Tuskegee.  W h e t h er  they 
are  working  at  the  immediate  trades 
which  they  learned  or  not,  all  have 
the  spirit  of  industry  and  thrift  that 
makes  them  valuable  citizens.  T he 
Tuskegee  Institute  does  not  confine 
training. 
its  work  to  the  industrial 
A l o ng  with  industrial  training  goes 
thorough  mental  and  religious  train 
ing.  We  keep  in constant  operation 
at  which  the  various  students  receive 
training  twenty-eight  industries.  All 
of  these  are  industries  at  which  our 
students  can  find  immediate  employ 
ment,  as soon  as  they  leave  the  insti 
tution ;  in  fact  we  can  begin  to  sup 
ply  the  demand 
for  our  graduates, 
and  a large  portion  of  these  demands 
come  from  Southern  white  men  and 
women.  We  can  now  erect  a  build 
ing  of  any  kind  without  going  off 
the  grounds  to  employ  a  single  out 
side  workman. 

Mr.  Nagelvoort  gave  a  trombone 
solo. 
President  Snyder  addressed 
the  graduating  class  briefly  and  then 
followed 
the  presentation  of  diplo 
mas.  T he  benediction  was  given  by 
the  R e v.  A.  T.  Cartland,  '97,  and 
the  exercises  were  closed  by  a  selec 
tion  from  the  M.  A.  C.  band. 

Members of  the Alumni  of  M.  A.  C 
present  at  the  Tri-Ennial  Re 
union June  14,  J 900. 

M.  D. Chatterton,  Lansing. 

i860. 

i86r. 

Hon.  C. J.  Monroe,  South  Haven. 

1867. 
s 
'  Daniel  Strange,  Lansing. 
J.  H.  Gunnison,  Gunnisonville. 

A.  G.  Gulley,  Storrs,  Conn. 

1868. 

1869. 

James  Satterlee,  Greenville. 
John  S.  Strange,  Grand  Ledge. 

1870. 

Charles  W.  Garfield,  Grand  Rapids. 

.  1871. 

RichardJM.  Slocum,  Mound  City,  S.  D. 
H.  P.  Halsted,  Perry. 

George^C.  Nevins,  Douglas. 

1873-

1874. 
Charles  L.  Bemis,  Ionia. 

1876. 
Wallace  W.  Bemis,  Ionia. 
William  W.  Caldwell,  Commerce. 
John  E.  Taylor.lGreenville. 

1877. 

Charles  S.  Emery,  Lansing. 
William  O.  Fritz,  LaFayette,  Ind. 
Frank  S.  Kedzie,  Lansing. 
William  C,  Latta,  LaFayette,  Ind. 

1878. 

Eugene  Gregory,  Battle  Creek. 
W.  S.  Holdsworth,  Agricultural  College. 
W.  K.  Prudden,  Lansing. 
James  Troop,  LaFayette,  Ind. 
Albert  A.  Robinson,  Detroit. 

1879. 

Mrs.  Eva  D.  McBain,  Grand  Rapids. 
T.  E.  Dryden,  Grand  Rapids. 
Charles  E.  Sumner,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

1881. 

Daniel  S.  Lincoln,  Big  Rapids. 
Edward  C.  McKee,  Laingsburg. 

1882. 

E.  N.  Ball,  Hamburg. 
J.  W.  Beaumont,  Detroit. 
A. J.  Chappell,  Manton. 
J.  E.  Coulter,  Grand  Rapids. 
John  F.  Evert,  Mendon. 
W.  E.  Hale,  Eaton  Rapids. 
Eugene  D.  Millis,  Webberville. 

JtTNE  26,  I9OO. 

T HE  M.  A.  C. 

R E C O R D. 

9 

John  R.  Shelton,  Grand  Rapids. 
W.  L.  Snyder,  Detroit. 
George  E.  Lawson,  Detroit. 

1883. 

William  A.  Bahlke,  Alma. 
Arthur  C.  Bird,  Agricultural  College. 
A  M.  Emery,  Lansing. 
O.  C.  Howe,  Lansing. 
Edmund  Schoetzow,  Marcellus. 
C.  P.  Bush,  Louisville,  Ky. 

1884. 

John  I.  Breck,  Jackson. 
John J.  Bush,  Lansing. 
Colon  C.  Lillie,  Coopersville. 
W.  V.  Sage,  Mt.  Pleasant. 
A.  W.  Sutton,  Morenci. 

1885. 

Charles  B. Collingwood,  Lansing. 
James  A.  Dart,  Petoskey. 
Robert  W.  Hemphill, Jr.,  Ypsilanti. 
G.  C.  Lawrence,  Ypsilanti. 
Charles  F.  Schneider,  Lansing. 
Harris  E.  Thomas,  Lansing. 
J.  D.  Towar,  Agricultural  College. 
P.  G.  Towar,  Lansing. 
A. T.  Miller,  Swartz  Creek. 
Harry  P.  Gladden,  Lansing. 

1886. 
J.  E.  Hammond,  Lansing. 
Mrs. Jennie  Whitmore,  Lansing. 
Philip  B. Woodworth,  Chicago, 111. 
Wm.  K.  Clute,  Ionia. 

1887. 
VV. C. Sanson,  Clifford. 
Frank  R.  Smith,  Somerset. 
George J.  Hume,  Lansing. 

1888. 

Louis  A.  Bregger,  Bangor. 
Howard  B. Cannon,  Rochester. 
Paul  Chamberlain,  Chicago, 111. 
F.  H.  Hall,  Geneva,  N. Y. 
G.  D.  Perrigo,  Ft.  Scott,  Kan. 
Henry  Thurtell,  Reno,  Nevada. 
Harry  J.  DeGarmo,  Highland. 

1889. 

Arthur  D.  Baker,  Lansing. 
B. K.  CanfieTd,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
E.  A.  Holden\Lansing. 
F.  N.  Clark,  Ludlngton. 
F . J.  Niswahder,  Cheyenne,  Wyo. 

1890. 

Warren  Babcock,  Agricultural  College. 
Mrs.  Jessie  B. Baker,  Agricultural  College. 
William  J.  Meyers,  Ann  Arbor. 
F.  G.  Clark,  Lansing. 

1891. 

Charles  F.  Wheeler,  Agricultural  College. 
K. L.  Butterfield,  Ann  Arbor. 
W.  O.  Hedrick,  Agricultural  College. 
H.  VV. Mumford,  Agricultural  College. 
B. A.  Holden,  Lansing. 
G.  A. Waterman,  Agricultural  College. 
H.  B.  Lazell,  Lansing. 
Marian  Weed,  Grand  Rapids. 

1892. 

George  W.  Davis,  Tekonsha. 
Howard  B. Baker,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
C.  A.  Hathaway,  Clio. 
D.  VV. Trine,  Lansing. 
Leander  Burnett,  Agricultural  College. 
H.  B. Fuller,  Lewiston. 
D.  N. Stowell,  Woodland. 
C.  R.  Winegar,  Detroit. 
Mabel  E.  Robinson,  Agricultural  College. 

1893-
Roy  C.  Bristol,  Lansing. 
Edwin  C.  Peters,  Saginaw. 
W.  A.  Maxfield,  Hudsonville. 
Lucy  M.  Woodworth,  Chicago, 111. 
F . J.  Porter,  Leland. 
U.  P.  Hedrick,  Agricultural  College. 
L.  Whitney  Watkins,  Manchester. 
D. J.  Crosby,  Agricultural  College. 
A.  B. Cook.  Owosso. 
Daisy  Champion,  Lansing. 
Elizabeth  Gibbs,  Lansing. 
Mrs. Jennie  M.  Smith,  Lansing. 
W.  G.  Merritt,  Detroit. 

1894. 

C. J.  Foreman,  Harbor  Springs. 
J.  D.  Nies,  Holland. 

E.  D.  Partridge,  Provo,  Utah. 
W.  C.  McLean,  Jackson. 
James  H.  Briley,  Hetherton. 
Robert  B. Buek,  Detroit. 
H.  E.  Smith,  Lansing. 

t«97-

H.  W.  Hart,  Lake  Odessa. 
W.  R.  Goodwin,  Lake  City,  Iowa. 
A. T.  Cartland,  Battle  Creek. 
Mrs.  Sadie  C.  Savage,  Paulding,  Ohio. 
G. A.  Parker,  Columbus,  Ohio. 
S.  H.  Fulton,  South  Haven. 

1898. 

George  F.  Richmond,  Ann  Arbor. 
F.  L.  Woodworth,  Caseville. 
George  Campbell,  St.  Johns. 
A.  M.  Patriarche,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
Fred  T.  Williams,  Agricultural  College. 
W. J.  Merkel,  Schenectady,  N. Y. 
Mary  C.  Baker,  Lansing. 
E.  Pearl  Kedzie,  Agricultural  College. 

like 

usually  good  oration  on  the  subject 
"  American  Nationality,  what  shall 
it  b e ?"  T he  class  paper  was  edited 
by  Clare  H.  P a r k er  and 
its 
editor  the  paper  was  long,  as  much 
as  fifteen  feet  long.  To  say  that  it 
was  long  does  not  imply  that  it  was 
tiresome,  for  it  was  the  opposite  of 
that,  being  full  of  witty 
stories, 
funny  puns, faculty  "  horses "  joshes, 
new  jokes,  and  many  so  old  that  it 
has  become  second  nature  to  laugh 
at  them. 

T he  class  prophecy  was  certainly 
Thompson 
Irma 
original.  Miss 
became  weary 
ordinary 
of 
methods  for  forecasting  the  future, 
and  called  to  her  aid  her  old  friend 
"  His  Satanic  Majesty,"  who 
for 
old  acquaintance  sake  guided  her 

the 

theory  of  phlogiston.  T he  princi 
pal  exponent  of  the  first  school  was 
Paracelsus,  that  of  the  second  was 
Stahl  w ho  put  forth  the  theory  of 
phlogiston. 

the 

W h en  alchemy  changed  to  chem 
istry, 
the  subject 
scholars  of 
changed  their  views,  declaring  that 
the  use  of  chemistry  was  not 
to 
make  gold,  but  to  prepare  medicine, 
ratro-chemists. 
hence 
their  name 
likewise 
Paracelsus  asserted,  as  had 
been  done  before  him,  that 
there 
were 
three  or  four  elements  and 
these  were  composed  of  three  prin 
ciples,  salt,  sulphur,  and  mercury. 
that 
T he 
idea  was  soon  evolved 
mercury  and 
represented 
sulphur 
two  active  elements,  spirit  and  oil, 
and  salt,  a  passive  element,  water 
or  phlegm  and  earth. 

T he  dpctririe  of  chemistry  as  an 
till 
adjunct  of  medicine  continued 
the  seventeenth 
the  latter  half  of 
to 
century. 
In  1661, he  estab 
attack  its  merits. 
lished 
the  " S k e p t ic  Chemist,"  a 
paper  through  the  medium  of  which 
he  put  forth  his  new  ideas. 

Boyle  was 

first 

the 

Of 

that 

that 

theory 

substance 

there  were 

the  second  period  Stahl  was 
the  originator  of  its  principal  idea. 
He  thought 
four 
substances,  water,  acid,  earth  and 
phlogiston.  Phlogiston  was  the  in 
escaped 
definable 
from  any  matter  when  combustion 
took  place.  T he 
furnished 
quite  a  plausible  hypothesis  to  ex 
plain  nearly  everything  for  one  hun 
dred  and  twenty  years.  But  it  re 
quired  some  stretch  of  the  imagina 
tion  to  understand  w hy  some  sub 
stances  as  iron  increased 
in  weight 
when  burned.  This  was  explained 
by  saying  that  phlogiston  sometimes 
weighed  less  than  nothing  and  when 
the  iron  was  relieved  of 
it,  it  in 
creased  in  weight. 

Stahl's  theory  though  w r o ng  was 
the  first  one  that  possessed  anything 
like  consistency  as  regarded  the  con 
stitution  of  compounds  and  of  chem 
It  was  useful  as  it  was 
ical  action. 
based  upon  experimental  data. 
It 
later  led  to  the  use  of  the  balance. 

the 

Towards 

latter  part  of 

the 
eighteenth  century,  it  was  observed 
that  air  took  some  part  in  the  forma 
tion  of  compounds  by  combustion, 
but  the  theory  of  phlogiston  as  yet 
allayed  all  suspicions  on  this  point. 
T he  man  to  overthrow  this  theory 
was  Lavoisier  of  France,  sometimes 
called  the  "  father  of  modern  chem 
the  use  of 
introduced 
istry."  He 
the  balance—the  beginning  of  quan 
titative  analysis.  He  demonstrated 
that  combustion  was  but  a  transfor 
mation  of  matter  and  as  a  conse 
indestructi 
quence  the  law  of 
bility  of  matter  was  established. 

the 

INTERIOR  OF  LIBRARY. 

Clara  Fay  Wheeler,  Agricultural  College. 
S.  F.  Edwards,  Willis. 
A. T.  Swift,  Lansing. 
Tressie  A.  Bristol,  Agricultural  College. 
W.  D.  Hurd,  Lansing. 

1900. 
W.  H.  Arney,  Klingers. 
A.  Knechtel,  Agricultural  College. 
C..H.  Hilton,  Benton  Harbor. 
E.  W.  Ranney,  Belding. 
Bertha  Malone,  Lansing. 
Paul  Thayer,  Benton  Harbor. 
G.  M.  Odium,  Agricultural  College. 

Class  D ay  Exercises. 

through  the  earth,  the  air  a b o v c a nd 
the  waters  beneath.  Many 
and 
startling  were  the  discoveries  made, 
but  chief  among  them  was  the  find 
ing  of  the  Junior  Annuals. 
two  vocal 

solos  by  Miss 
Frances  Lemon  and  the  violin  solo 
by  Miss  Birdsall  were  excellent,  and 
were  appreciated  by  the  audience. 
G.  M.  o. 

T he 

From  Alchemy  to  Modern 
Chemistry. 

HOWARD  SEVERANCE,  'oi,  COLUMBIAN  LIT 
ERARY  SOCIETY. 

the 
T he  period  from  the  time  of 
alchemists  to  that  of  modern  chem 
istry,  may  be  divided  into  two  parts. 
T he  first  was  occupied  by  the  iatro-
chemists,  the  second  by  those  w ho 
to  what  centered  around  the 
held 

to 

substances 

T he  next  step  towards  the  present 
the 
basis  of  chemistry  came  with 
the  molecular  and 
promulgation  of 
theory  with  the  consequent 
atomic 
reduction  of 
their 
elements  for  this  study.  N e w t on  in 
the  early  part  of  the  century,  notic 
ing  the  attraction  and  rarefaction  of 
gases  during  the  changes  of  temper-
ture,  attributed  it 
the  matter  of 
the  gases  consisting  of  minute  parti 
cles  (molecules)  that  were  attracted 
each 
towards,  or 
repelled 
the 
other  by  force.  Dalton,  about 
time  of  Lavoisier,  gave  the 
theory 
definite  statement. 

from 

to 

At 

this 

point  of  development 
Avogadro  worked  out  the  famous 
law  which  bears  his  name.  He  ob 
served 
tem 
that  equal  variations  of 
perature  produced  the  same  changes 
of  volume  in  all  gases  and  vapor. 
F r om 
law 
that  equal  volumes  of  gases  under 

this  he  enunciated 

the 

1895. 
W.  C.  Stebbins,  Coloma. 
H.  R.  Smith,  Addison. 
H.  R.  Parish,  Baltimore,  Md. 
G.  Masselink,  Big  Rapids. 
L.  H.  Van  Wormer,  Agricultural  College. 
H.  E.  Ward,  Urbana, 111. 
James  Mitchell,  Holly. 

T he  graduating  class  held 

their 
exercises  in  the  armory,  Wednesday 
forenoon,  J u ne  13th.  T he  invoca 
tion,  by  the  R e v.  L.  B.  Bissell,  was 
followed  by  an  excellent  address  by 
class  president  W m.  Ball.  M r.  C. 
then  delivered  an  un-
H.  Hilton 

10 

T HE  M.  A.  C. 

R E C O R D, 

J U NE  26, 

1900. 

foundation 

It  was  found 

the  same  pressure  and 
temperature 
possess  the  same  number  of  mole 
to  furnish  a 
cules. 
firm 
for  speculation  on 
the  subject  of  atomic  weights.  T he 
conception  that  we  get  out  of  mole 
cules and atoms  based  on  Avogadro's 
law 
the  basis  of  modern 
forms 
chemistry. 

H ow  T wo  Freshmen  S aw  Hamlet. 

t wo 

serious 

After  much 

cogitation, 
that 
Smith  and  Saunders  decided 
for  the  first  time  in  their  lives,  they 
v/ould  see  the  Lion  in  proper  style. 
F or  nearly 
terms,  they  had 
economized,  they  had  worn  celluloid 
collars,  and  done  most  of 
their  own 
washing  Sunday  mornings  when 
other  fellows  were  at  chapel.  Six 
o'clock  one spring  night  found  them 
waiting  anxiously  at  the  car-house. 
"  W e ' ll  go  early,"  said  Saunders, 
to  things  before 
"  so  we'll  get  used 
the  curtain  goes  u p ."  Arrived  at 
to  Baird's,  not  a  soul 
the  entrance 
was  in  sight. 
"  All  things  come  to 
him  who  waits,  so  my  maiden  aunt 
used  to  say," was  Smith's  cheerful 
remark,  as  he  marked  time  on  the 
pavement  and  blew  into  his  chilly 
fingers.  After  half  an  hour  of  this, 
the  door  opened;  five  minutes  lively 
led  the  innocents  to  a 
discussion 
choice  of  a  seat:  the  center  seat, 
fourth  row  of  the  seventh 
heaven 
soon  held  all  that  was  mortal  of  the 
heroes  of '03. 

reunion  of  brother  and  sister  was a 
theme  for  both. 
I've  been  through 
that  often  groaned  Smith,  but  it's 
always  been  with  step-sisters:  the 
last  rehearsal  we  had  beat  that  cold; 
that  isn't  true  to  life;  do you  sup 
pose  a  Lansing  girl  would 
t^ce 
that  long  to  find  a  fellow's  hand, 
or  let  her  arms  hang  over  his  shoul 
ders 
I  guess not, I've been  there."  H a m 
let  on  the  prayer-stool  at the  reading 
desk  left  both  our  friends  truly  re 
pentant. 
I 
went  to  chapel  was  the  day  after  I 
came  to  college,  volunteered  Smith, 

" T he  only  morning 

in  that  unstarched 

fashion  ? 

settled  down  on  the  stage." 
she 
"  Can't  you  let  a  fellow  sleep,"  was 
all  the  response  Smith  made  as  he 
sank  further  into  his  overcoat. 

J. J-  F. 

"Shall"  and "Will." 

T he  editor  asked  me  to  write  a 
short  discussion  of  these  t wo trouble 
some  words—"  Something  compre 
hensive  and  yet  short  enough 
to 
paste  in your  hat," was  the  w ay  he 
put  it. 
It  is  more  than  likely  that  I 
shall  not  succeed  in  doing  this, but  I 
will  try  it. 

R U L E S: 

in 

the 

To  express  simple  futurity  use 
"  s h a l l" 
first  person  and 
"  will "  in  the  second  and third.  A s, 
I  shall  fail;  nothing  will  prevent  it. 
To  express  futurity  plus  volition 
use  "  w i l l"  in  the  first  person  and 
"  s h a l l"  in  the  other  two.  A s,  I 
will  succeed;  nothing  shall  prevent 
me. 

In  quoting  the  words  of  another 
use  the  same  auxiliaries  he  used, as, 
" he  says  that  he  shall  fail  and  that 
nothing  will  prevent." 

is 

I ?" 

In  asking  questions  use the  auxili 
ary  that  would  naturally  be  used  in 
the  answer.  Say "  Shall  I  "  always 
( " w i ll 
impossible);  say 
"shall  y o u ?"  if  the  answer  would 
be  "  I  shall,"  that  is  usually.  Say 
" w i ll  y o u ?"  when  you  expect  the 
answer  "  I  will,"  that  is  when  you 
wish  a  promise.  Say  " w i ll  h e ?" 
always  unless  you  are  addressing 
someone 
authority  w ho  will 
answer  " He  shall,"  that  is, he  must. 
Use  " should  "  and  "  would  "  as 
the  past  and  conditional  forms  of 
respectively. 
" s h a l l"  and  " w i l l" 
As  ( p a s t ),  " He  said  that  he  should 
fail  and  that  nothing  would  prevent 
(Conditional.)  " If  you  should 
it." 
( S ee 
try  you  would  surely  succeed. 
following 
also  the  woulds 
p a r a g r a p h ): 

in  the 

in 

the 

It  happened 

After  a  dreary  wait  the  curtain 
went  up.  Saunders  and Smith  were 
in  another  world.  W h at  did 
it 
matter  to  them 
that  Ophelia  was 
not  as  young  as  she  was  twenty 
years  ago, or  that  the  Queen  had  a 
profile  as  unyielding  as  the  moral 
law.  T h at  the  K i ng  looked  like  a 
member  of  the  ancient  Hibernians, 
dead  broke, or a crowned  bar-tender, 
that  the  youthful  P a ge  seemed  as 
nervous  as a L. A. W. record  breaker 
just  in  from  a  century  run,  made 
no  difference.  H e re  was  a  world 
opened  before 
them  such  as  Solo 
mon  in  all  his  glory  never  saw  or 
the  aborigines  of 
" T h u m b" 
never  dreamed  of.  Saunders  had 
brought  along  a  pair  of  glasses  his 
mother  had  drawn  as  a  soap  pre 
mium  from  a concern  doing  business 
in  the  Windy  C i t y;  these  were  in 
constant  use. 
the 
lenses  were  of  common  glass,  with 
a  different  focus,  so  that 
frequently 
things  were  not  what  they  seemed. 
Between  acts  I  and  II  the  ama 
teurs offered  brief  criticisms.  " H o w 's 
Ophelia  ?" was  one  of  Smith's  first 
questions.  Saunders  was  cautious. 
"  You  see,"  he  began,  " y ou  never 
fluctuate.  Y ou  know 
can  tell,  girls 
the  Abbey  girl  I  am friendly 
with. 
Sundays  and  H op  nights  she  seems 
between  sixteen  and  seventeen,  but 
my  room  pard  declares  she  is  the 
taught  thetf  district 
same  girl  that 
school  eleven  years  ago." 
" S he  has 
a  pretty  mouth,"  ventured  M r. 
Smith. 
"  P r e t t y ,"  sniffed  his  friend, 
"  looks  as if  she  had  been  pulling  at 
a  lemon  for  half  an  hour;  and say, 
look  at  that  for  a  neck  and  shoul 
ders." 
(Saunders  had  a  term  of 
stock-judging).  Both  voted  Polo-
nius  all  right.  "  Neither  a  borrower 
nor  a  lender  b e ," pleased  Smith  w ho 
lived  in  Wells  Hall. 
"  I  guess  the 
old  man must  have  lived  at M. A. C ," 
remarked.  T he  Ghost  was  a 
he 
the  two  men  gazed  long: 
puzzler, 
"I  say," said  Saunders,  "I  have 
it 
now. 
I'lf  bet  my  pie  for  a  month 
that's  the  chap  stole  the  Hallow'een 
the  B ig  F o ur 
chickens. 
( Q. E.  D .)  T he 
never  done  it." 

I  k n ew 

I  thought  I  was at  a  History  lecture 
until  P r e xy  stood  up  and  said  we'll 
sing  number  38. 
I'm  going  every 
morning  after  this." 

away 

aroused 

T he  high  death  rate  in  the  last  act 
rather  clouded  the  spirits  of  the  two 
critics,  but  the  Queen's  manner  of 
passing 
Saunders 
greatly.  He  was silent  in  the  Gods 
and  it  was  not  until  the  car  came  to 
a  dead  stop  half  way  home  that  he 
"  I  tell  you 
made  known  feelings. 
Smith,"  he  said,  " t he  old 
lady's 
death  was  the  best  of  all;  it  was so 
true  to  life;  did  you  see how  careful 
she  was to  settle her back  hair,  shake 
out  her  skirts—-and  cover  her  feet  as 

It  is  only  in  Ireland,  Scotland  and 
some  parts  of  the  United  States  that 
people  use "  will  "  where  they  should 
use  "  shall."  A  good  rule  for  the 
Irishman,  Scotchman  or 
average 
American  would  be,  stop 
using 
"  will "  in  the  first  person.  Don't 
say  "  I  will,"  "  I  would,"  " we will," 
"  we  would,"  at  all.  Nine  times out 
of  ten  this  would  lead  to  correct  re 
sults.  T he  tenth  time  is the  excep 
tional  time,  the  time  of  opposition 
and  excitement.  Under  such  circum 
Irishman, 
stances 
Scotchman  or  American  would  be 
almost  certain  to  forget  himself  and 
his  rule  and  say  " I  will  "  just  as  he 
should.  So  the  rule  is  a  perfectly 
safe one. 

aforesaid 

the 

This  is  not  by any  means  a  " com" 
prehensive,"  discussion  of  the  sub 
that  it  is  too  long 
ject,  but  I  fear 
already  for  a  " paster." 
It  is  doubt 
less  unnecessary  to  add  that  there  is 
nothing  original  in  what  has  been 
stated.  All  of  it and much  more can 
be  found  in  any  good  grammar  or 
r h e t o r i c . — C L I N T ON  S.  O S B O R N,  in 
Press. 
Detroit  Free 

T he  Elective  System  of  Studies. 

W i t h in  the  past  twenty  years  or 
more  there  has  been  much  said  in 
favor  of  permitting  students  to  elect 
most  or  many  of  their  studies  which 
were  pursued  for  a  degree.  T he 
reasons  given  on  the  subject  of  elec-
tives  are  not  all  on  one  side.  Read 
the  following  by  a  graduate  student 
on  the  elective  system  at  Harvard, 
as  it  appeared  in  The  Nation 
for 
May  24,  1900:  "I  wish  to  call  at 
tention  to  one  result  of  the  elective 
system  — a 
result  disgraceful  yet 
most  common,  and  where  truth  can 
not  be  ignored. 
I  refer  to  the  un 
disguised  custom  of  electing  snap 
courses — courses  in  which,  for  va 
rious  reasons,  good  marks  can  be 
made  without  much  work.  F or  the 
desire  for  honors  and  the  fear  of 
being  thought  a  ' d i g' are  two  very 
in  determining  a 
potent 
choice." 

factors 

T he  above  corresponds 

exactly 
with  the  views  of  most  students  at 
Harvard  thirty-five  years  ago.  T he 
topics  for  high 
selection  of  easy 

" S h a l l"  meant  originally  owe and 
the  idea  of  necessity,  duty  or  obliga 
It  is  therefore 
tion  still  clings  to  it. 
properly  used  when 
speaking  of 
actions  controlled  by  circumstances. 
" W i l l ,"  on  the  other  hand,  has  al 
ways  implied  volition  of  some  sort. 
Hence  it  is  the  proper  word  when 
speaking  of  actions  under  the  con 
trol  of  the  subject  of  the  sentence. 
N ow  out  of  modesty  one  will  natur 
ally  assume  that  what  he  himself 
does  is  determined  by  circumstances, 
while  out  of  politeness 
to  other 
people  he  will  assume  that  they  do 
as  they  please.  We  have  therefore 
the  following 

J U NE  26,  i960. 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  R E C O R D. 

it 

marks  was one of the leading  topics 
for  conversation  at the dinner  table, 
or  at  other  gatherings  of  students. 
Of  course  the  students  at  M. A. 
C.  are not  influenced  in  their  small 
number  of  electives  by  any  such 
spirit  as noted  above. 

w. j.  B; 

At  t he  College. 

Born, J u ne  23, to  Prof,  and M r s. 

W.  O. Hedrick,  a son. 

T he  n ew  farm  barn  was  raised 

Wednesday,  of  last  week. 

Mrs.  Bird  rode  out  last  Sunday 
for  the first  time  since  her recent  ill 
ness. 

T he  wheat  on  the  College  farm 
promises  to be a good  crop  for  this 
year. 

George  M.  Odium,'  00,  had  a 
visit  from  his parents  during  com 
mencement  week. 

D . J.  Crosby entertained  his cousin, 
D r.  M. S. Connier  of  Rochester, N. 
Y-,  t wo  days  last  week. 

Prof.  Marshall  will  spend  a  part 
of  the vacation  at A nn  Arbor,  doing 
post-graduate  work  in  chemistry. 

Some  fifty  of the students  remain 
at  t he  College  during  vacation  to 
work  for  the  various  departments. 

T he  barns  are  receiving  a  fresh 
coat  of  paint,  red,  trimmed  with 
white.  Students are doing  the  work. 

Ground  was  broken  last  Saturday 
morning  for the new dairy  building; 
it  is to be built  where  the farm  house 
formerly  stood. 

T he 

farm  department  has  just 
bought  a new  five-foot  cut Champion 
mower,  also  a  new Ohio,  reversible 
shovel,  cultivator. 

Mrs.  Ella  M.  Kedzie  entertained 
some  of  the  College  people  one 
evening  last  week  in  honor  of Mrs. 
P.  B. W o o d w o r t h,  of  Chicago. 

T he  appearance  of  this 

issue  of 
the  R E C O RD  has  been  hindered  sev 
eral  days  by  delays  in  obtaining 
the  plates  for the illustrations. 

Prof.  Smith  was at  Battle  Creek 
and  at Church,  Hillsdale  county,  last 
week  Thursday  and Friday,  where 
he  spoke  at farmers'  gatherings. 

At  a  meeting  of  fractional  school 
district  N o. 7, Lansing  and  Meridian, 
held  last  Monday  evening,  the  fol 
lowing  officers  were  elected:  Moder 
ator,  J.  D.  T o w a r;  Director,  F. C. 
K e n n e y;  Assessor,  E.  J.  R u g g. 
Another  meeting  will  be held  in  the 
near  future,  at which  time  the above 
board  will  report  as to site  and plans 
for  a  school  house,  and  ask for  in 
structions. 

On  Saturday 

last  Prof.  Vedder 
and  M r. Gunson  sailed  for  Europe, 
where  they  will  spend  the  vacation 
sightseeing.  M r s.  Vedder  and the 
children  will  remain  at  St. Johns-
ville,  N. Y ., and  M r s. Gunson  will 
visit  at various  points  in N ew E n g 
land. 

T wo  valuable  books  of  reference 

just  added  to the library  are,  " A g r i 
cultural  Experiment  Stations,"  pre 
pared  by  A.  C.  T r ue  and  V.  A. 
Clark,  to accompany  the U. S. ex 
periment  station  exhibit  to  Paris, 
and 
" O ne  Thousand  American 
F u n g i ,"  by Charles  Mcllvaine. 

M r.  W. T. S h a w, who has been do 
ing  advanced  work  with  Professor 
Barrows  the past  term,  left  recently 
for  Bay county  where  he is to  spend 
the  summer  in  the  employ  of the 
State  Geological  Survey.  He is  to 
make  a study  of  the depth  and con 

dition  of  the  soil  as  shown  by the 
wells. 

D r.  Kedzie  went  to  A nn  Arbor 
last  Wednesday,  to  take  part  in  the 
celebration  of the  fiftieth  anniversary 
of  the  opening  of  the U. of  M .,  of 
which  institution  he  is the only  sur 
viving  member  of  the  first  class to 
graduate  from  the  medical  depart 
ment.  He was  given  the  honorary 
From 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 
A nn  Arbor  he will  go  to  Oberlin, 
Ohio,  for a short  visit. 

T he  Grangers  of  I n g h am  county 
to  the  number  of 600 picnicked  on 
the  campus 
last  Wednesday.  At 
the 
literary  exercises,  Prof.  J.  D. 
T o w ar  presided,  Pres.  Snyder  gave 
the  address  of  welcome,  and L. E. 
W . J o h n s o n,  with  ' 0 1, read  a  paper 
giving  some  of  his  experiences on 
the  farm.  T he  principal 
address 
was  by Aaron.Jones,  of South  Bend, 
Ind.,  Master  of the National  Grange. 

that 

On  Friday  of  last  week  the Sun 
day  Schools of  I n g h am  County  held 
a  " rally "  at  the  College. 
It  was 
expected 
fully  six  thousand 
would  be present  but  the rains  dur 
ing  the night  and  occasional  show 
ers  in  the  forenoon 
reduced  the 
number  fully  one-half.  A  platform 
for  the speakers  had been  erected  in 
the  grove  north  of  College  Hall, 
but  it  was  necessary  to  adjourn  to 
the  armory  where  all the seats  were 
five  hundred 
occupied,  and  fully 
persons  were  obliged 
stand. 
T wo  excursion  trains  rah  in  from 
Trowbridge,  besides  all  that  came 
on  the  street  cars  and  many 
that 
drove. 

to 

VISITING  CARDS... 

latest  Styles—Lowest Prices 

LAWRENCE 

&  VAN 
PW\TING  CO'S. 

BUREN 

LOTS  FOR SALE  IN 
"OAKWOOD" 

On  Easy Terms—Low  Prices. 

Buy a lot  and we will  lend  you  the money 
with which to build a house. 

CITY  ADVANTAGES, 

including electric lights, sewerage and  reg 
ular street car service with 

COUNTRY  T A X E S. 

Buy now while  prices  are low.  Rent of 
rooms  alone  will  pay TEN  PER  CENT. 
NET  on the investment. 

Enquire of either 

DR.  J.  W.  HAGADORN, 
EDWARD  CAHILL, 
C.  D.  WOODBURY,  or 
A.  C.  BIRD. 

IF  IT IS 

HARDWARE 

you  can get it 

NORTON'S 

in  Washington Ave. 5. 

COLLIGS Bus  HKADWARTBRS. 

WHEN  YOU BUY 

SIMONS  DRY  GOODS  60. 

Gymnasium 
Goods*** 

Opening 
Spring Sale*** 

you 
want 
the best. 

WE  SELL 

Spalding's... 

SHIRTS  and TIGHTS 

No  need 
to  tell you 
of  their  merits. 

Of 
CARPETS,  RUGS, 
MATTING, 
LINOLEUMS, 
CURTAINS, and 
DRAPERIES, 

THIS  WEEK. 

LARGE  LINE OF 

Cloth for 
Graduating 
Dresses 

M a k i ng  very  low  prices 

on  entire  line of 

F L A N N E L E T TE 

N I G HT  R O B E S. 

C A R P ET  D E P A R T H E N T. 
THIRD  FLOOR. 

Simons Dry  Goods  60. 

wmJTSL 

2d—Cloaks,  Waists. 

Goods. 

Students'  Patronage  Solicited. 

FLOORS  (  3d-Carpets 

ELEVATOR. 

ELGIN  MIFFLIN. 

Furniture  Headquarters. 
- 

Cots at  - 
Wire Springs at 
Mattresses  from  - 
Tables, Rockers, Bureaus, Iron Beds. 

$1.25, $1.50, $2.00 and $2.50 
$1.50 and $2.00 
$2.00 up 

- 

- 

AH goods delivered free to College. 

fl.  J. & B. fl. Buck. 

R.  B. Shank  &  Co., 

Leading Grocers and Confectioners. 

N O T I PF  ! 
n  \J  1 I v /L • shoes  have  been  advanced  about 
10  per  cent,  but  we will  continue  furnishing 

J>rices  on T c n n is  a nd Gymnasium 

M.  A. C. STUDENTS 
these  goods  at prices  agreed  upon  as long  as our 
present  stock  lasts. 

C.  D.  WOODBURY, 
HOLLISTER  BLOCK. 

12 

T HE 

M.  A.  C.  R E C OR  D. 

J U NE  26,  1900. 

Strange  Accident  to  a  Robin. 

thirty 

On  Thursday,  J u ne  7th,  I  noticed 
a  robin  acting  in  a  peculiar  manner 
and  apparently  unable  to  govern  its 
It  would  rise  from  the  lawn 
flight. 
and  fly  obliquely  upward  with  great 
difficulty  until  it  reached  a  height  of 
feet,  when 
twenty  or 
its 
to  give  out  and  it 
strength  seemed 
to  the 
would  pitch  violently  back 
ground. 
Its  head  was  held  closely 
against  the  breast,  as  if  tied  there, 
and  I  at  once  suspected  that 
it  had 
become  entangled  in  a  thread,  string 
or  horsehair—a  not  uncommon  acci 
dent  with  birds  using  fibrous  nest 
ing  materials.  After  a  short  chase 
the  bird  was  captured  and  a  most 
peculiar  state of  affairs  was  revealed. 
T he  lower  mandible  (lower  half  of 
bill).in  some  way  had  been 
thrust 
through  a  fold  of  skin  and  connec 
tive  tissue  on  the  birds  own  neck, 
the  tongue  kept 
and  the  horns  of 
from  slipping  off 
this  band  of  skin 
again.  T h us  the  bill  was  held  half 
open  with  its lower  half  drawn  rather 
tightly  against  the  skin  and  feathers 
of  the breast.  T he  fibrous  band  hold 
ing  the  bill  was  about  one  quarter 
in  breadth,  but  evi 
of  an 
dently  was  too  strong  and  tough 
to 
the  bird,  and 
be  broken  or  cut  by 
the  resulting 
inflammation  had  still 
further  fastened  it to  the  beak. 

inch 

T he  accident  must  have  happened 
several  days  previously,  as shown  by 
the  condition  of  the  wound  and  the 
emaciation  of  the  bird;  how  it  hap 
to  conjecture,  the 
pened  is  difficult 
most  plausable 
that 
the  bird  wounded  itself  while  preen 
ing  its  feathers  carelessly  and 
too 
vigorously. 

theory  being 

the  beak  from 

W i th  a  fine  pair  of  scissors  I  was 
able  to  clip  the  restraining  band  and 
free 
its  adhesions, 
after  which  the  bird  was  able  to  fly 
more  naturally,  and  on  alighting  at 
once  held  its  her>.d  erect  and  began 
dressing 
little 
doubt  that  it  has already  made  a  good 
recovery. 

its  feathers. 

I  have 

W A L T ER  B.  B A R R O W S. 

Dep't  of  Zoology, J u ne  9th,  1900. 

Prosperity  is  here,  but  it  will  be 
noticed  that  the  interest  on  borrowed 
trouble  is  as  high  as  ever. 

Maudie's  papa  is  night  editor  on  a 
newspaper,  a  fact  which  Maudie 
apparently  hasn't  learned,  for  when 
some  one  asked  her  a  few  days  ago 
what  her  father  did  for  a  living,  she 
I  fink  he's  a 
"  I  div  it  up. 
replied: 
burgler,  'tause  he's  out  all  night." 

N e ws  from  Graduates  a nd  Former 
Students. 

H.  B.  Clark,  'oowz,  will  go  on  the 
road  for  a time setting  up  machinery 
for  the  Deering  Harvester  Co. 

E.  A.  Hayden,  with  '93, is  at 
the 

the 
College 
doing 
special  w o r k;  he  will  also  continue 
during  the  coming  year. 

summer 

for 

Allan  T.  Daniells,  with  'oawz,  is 
shipping  clerk  for  Ingersol  Bros,  of 
N ew  York.  Address  165  Wash 
ington  St.,  N ew  York  City. 
Louis  L.  Appleyard, 

,oom,  goes 
to  N ew  Haven,  Conn.,  where  he  has 
accepted  a  position  in  the  shops  of 
the  N ew  Y o r k,  N ew  Haven  and 
Hartford  R.  R. 

At  the  republican  county  conven 
tion  at  Mason,  J u ne  21,  C.  M. 
Krentel,  '99,  was  selected  as  one  of 
the  delegates  to  attend  the  congres 
sional  convention  which  met  at 
Howell, J u ne  26. 

T he  class  of  '93  appointed  A.  B. 
Cook,  E.  C.  Peters  and  M r s.  Lucy 
Clute  Woodworth,  as  a  committee 
to  arrange  special  exercises  for 
the 
celebration  of  the  tenth  anniversary 
of  the  class  in  1903. 

taken  with 

T he  members  of  the  '85  class  had 
their  photographs 
the 
members  of  faculty  who  were  here 
when  they  graduated.  T he  group 
included  Dr.  Kedzie, Dr.  Beal,  Prof. 
F.  S.  Kedzie  ^nd  nine  members  of 
the  class. 

Much  credit  for  the  success  of  the 
to 
alumni  reunion  should  be  given 
the  local  alumni  committee:  General 
Chairman,  F.  S.  Kedzie;  Banquet, 
Messrs.  T o w a r,  Waterman,  U.  P. 
Hedrick,  and  Misses  Kedzie  and 
Bristol;  Transportation,  A.  C.  Bird; 
Entertainment,  Messrs.  Wheeler 
and  W.  O.  Hedrick;  Music,  Prof. 
Babcock;  Badges,  Mrs.  J.  I.  Beal 
Baker  and  Miss  Wheeler. 

T he  alumni  base  ball  team  went 
down  before  the  college  nine  in  the 
game  on  Wednesday  afternoon  of 
commencement  week,  to  the  tune  of 
5  to  9.  A m o ng 
those  who  played 
were  "  T ug  "  Wilson,  with  '92,  A. 
C.  Krentel,  '99,  D. J.  Crosby,  '93, 
B.  K.  Canfield,  '89,  H.  P.  Gladden, 
'85,  Henry  Thurtell, 
'88,  E.  D. 
Partridge,  '96, L.  Whitney  Watkins, 
T he  diamond  was  wet  and 
'93. 
muddy  from  recent  showers,  but  the 
game  was  enjoyed  by  the  players  no 
less  than  by  the  spectators. 

D&\?is  f  lothing  Co. 

COME  ON  BOYS— 

We  have  all  the  latest  up-to-date  styles  and  patterns  in 

103  Washington  Ave.  S. 

CLOTHING,  FURNISHING  GOODS  AND  HATS. 

We  also  keep  Sweaters,  Supporters,  Foot  Ball  P a n ts 

and  Jackets. 

We  are  glad  to  see  the  old  men  back  and  Will  be 
pleased  to  have  the  new  men  call.  M a ke  our  store  3'our 
headquarters  while  down  town,  it  is  a  handy  place  to 
leave  your  packages.  WE  A RE  O NE  P R I C E. 

WE  S E LL  FOR  CASH  ONLY. 

DAVIS  CLOTHING  CO. 

¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥ 

RICYCLE  a nd 

U 

ELECTRICAL  S U P P L I E S. 

A l s o ' t he  largest  R e p a ir  S h op  in  L a n s i ng 

fully  e q u i p p ed  with  p o w er  m a c h i n e r y. 

We  p ay  all  t r a n s p o r t a t i on  on  wheels  to 

a nd  from  College  w h en  r e p a i rs  a m o u nt 

to 

o ne  dollar  or  m o r e. 

A IX  MEATS.... 

May  look  a l i ke  to  you,  b ut  t h e re  is  a 
v e ry  g r e at  difference  in  the  quality  we  han 
t h at  sold  by  s o me  o t h er  m a r k e t s. 
d le  a nd 
t he  v e ry  best.  L i ke 
We  h a n d le  n o ne  but 
t he  p u d d i n g,  t he  proof  of  good  m e a ts 
in 
the  e a t i n g.  A  trial  will  convince  you  that 
you  ought  to  t r a de  with  u s. 

is 

We  m a ke  daily  trips  to  t he  College. 

BOTH  P H O N E S.  Careful  attention  given  to 

Gapitol  Electric  Engineering  Go. 

phone orders. 

321  Washington  Ave. ,S. 

Why  Not  ? 

DIRECTORY 

D o n 't  y ou  t h i nk  it  p a ys  to 

b oy  y o ur  D r u gs  at  C ut 

R a t es  ?  Y ou  save  m o n ey 

a nd 

t he 

increased  volume 

of  "business  pays  us. 

T RY 

I T. 

LANSING  BUSINESS  and 
PROFESSIONAL  MEN 

-* 

T he  n a m es  in  this  Directory,  as  well  as 
those  of  all  o ur  o t h er  a d v e r t i s e r s, a re  of  reli 
able  p a r t i e s.  We  h o pe  t h at  t he  faculty  a nd 
s t u d e n ts  will  t a ke  p a i ns  to  p a t r o n i ze  those 
who  patronize  u s. 

BARBERS. 

H.  WOOD—Barber.  106  Michigan  Avenue  E. 
College work  especially  solicited. 

J 

BOOKS  AND  STATIONERY. 

ALSDORF  &  SON, 

T  ANSING  BOOK  A ND  P A P ER  CO.  Water-
\j  man  and  Sterling  Fountain  Pens,  Stationery, 
Pictures,  Frames, Wall  Paper.  120 Wash. Ave.  N. 

CITY  BOOK  STORE.  Fountain  Pens,  Drafting 

Tools,  Stationery,  Cards  Engritved,  Pictures 
and  Picture  Framing.  Tennis, Football  and  Base 
ball goods.  Crotty  Bros., 206 Wash.  Ave.  N. 

BOOTS  AND  SHOES, 

C D,  WOODBURY.—Boots  and  Shoes.  We 

shoe the students.  See ad. 

BICYCLES. 

GEO.  H.  RICHMOND.  Pierce  Cycles.  Full 

line  of  sundries.  Repairing  and  renting  at 

reasonable rates.  200 N. Washington  Ave. 

]  GOTTLIEB  REUTTER. 

Washington  Ave, South. 

DRY  GOODS. 

JIMONS  DRY  GOODS  COMPANY. — Dry 
)  Goods and  Carpets,  bee ad. 

FURNISHING  GOODS. 

|>LGtN  MIFFLIN.—Ladies'  and  Gentlemen's 
j  Furnishing  Goods.  See  ad. 

FURNITURE  DEALERS. 

M J.  &  B.  M.  BUCK.—Furniture.  Cor.  Wash 

ington  Avenue and Ionia  Street.  See ad. 

GROCERS. 

R B.  SHANK  &  CO.,  200 Washington  Ave.  S. 

The  leading  grocers.  Both  phones.  Daily 

delivery to the college. 

HACK  AND  BAGGAGE  LINES. 

M A.  C.  S T U D E N T S - D o n 't  forget  W.  H 

PORTER,  the  Hack  and  Liveryman.  Rubber 
tires a specialty.  300 Capitol  Ave. S.  Both  Phones. 

HARDWARE,  STOVES  AND  TINWARE. 

N ORTON'S HARDWARE-General  Hardware, 

Stoves,  Tinware,  Graniteware,  Cutlery,  etc 

111 Washington  Ave. South.  See  ad. 

INSURANCE. 

THE  DYER-JENISON-BARRY  CO.,  LTD., 

(Incorporated) 108 Mich. Ave. West.  All  kinds 

of  the best  insurance.  Strongest agency in  city. 

JEWELERS. 

B P.  RICHMOND—Watchmaker,  Jeweler  and 

Engraver.  200-202 Washington Avenue  N. 

CUT  RATE  DRUGGISTS  and 
PHOTOGRAPHIC  SUPPLIES 

CHAS.  A.  PIELLA, 

D E A L ER  IN 
DIAMONDS.  WATCHES.  JEWELRY, 
Clocks, Silverware,  Art Goods. 
121  Washington Ave. N.,  LANSING,  MICH. 

Employes of 

JVI  A 

C] 

Desiring 

to  build  should 
not  purchase  their  material  be-
fore  consulting  with 

Hiram  Rikerd, 
Lansing,  Mich. 

Lumber  of  all  kinds. 
Interior  Finishing  a 

specialty. 

PRICES  RIGHT. 

Office  and Factory, Mill St. 
Both Phones. 

CLOTHING. 

LAUNDRIES. 

Hats  and Caps.  112 Washington  Ave.  North. 

LOUIS  BECK.—Clothier.  Gents'  Furnishings, 
A E,  DAVIS.—Clothing  and  Gentlemen's  Fur 

nishings.  See ad. 

CROCKERY  AND  GLASSWARE. 

H H.  LARNED.—China,  Glass  and  Lamps. 

105 Washington  Ave. S. 

DENTISTS. 

W.  MORSE, D. D. S. 

Hollister  Block, Room 517. 

R 
DR.  D A W L E Y,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S.  Office  over 
D E.  PARMELEE—Dentist.  218 Washington 

Postal Telegraph Co., Michigan and  Washing 

.  Ave. south.  Opposite  Hudson  House. 

ton aves. 

DEPARTMENT 

STORE. 

ONSEREAUX'S  DEPARTMENT  STORE 
is  the  place  to  trade.  You  can  get  a  warm 

lunch  in  our  cafe  for  10c. 

DRUGGISTS. 

Ave.  S.  See  ad. 

102  Washington  Ave.  N.  335  Washington 

ALSDORF  & SON—The Druggists.  Two stores, 
C I. ROUSER—Capital  Drug  Store.  123 Wash 

ington Avenue South, 

THE  VANGORDER  PALACE  LAUNDRY.  Col. 

lege  agents,  C.  H.  Hilton,  97  Wells:  Irving 

Gingrich, 47 Williams.  S. P.  Lantz,  Prop. 

LUMBER  DEALERS. 

H W.  RIKERD.—Lumber  Dealer.  Mill  Street. 

See  ad. 

MERCHANT  TAILORS. 

trade solicited.  Opposite Hotel Downey, North. 

WOODBURY  &  SAVAGE.-Tailors.  Student 
JOHN  H E R R M A N N 'S  SONS.  Fine Tailoring 

218 Washington  Avenue  N. 

OCULISTS. 

J O S E PH  FOSTER,  M. D . - E y e,  Ear,  Nose and 
J  Throat.  Hours  9  to  12 A.  M.  City  National 
Bank  Building, Lansing. 

PHYSICIANS. 

12 A. M.,  2 to  4  and 7 to 8 P. M.  Office  at  212 

Washington Avenue S.;  home 419 Seymour St. 

A D.  HAGADORN, M. D.—Office  hours,  11  to 
DR.  J.  M.  COLLIER.—123  Washington  Ave. 

south.  Office  oyer Capital Drug Store.  Resi 

dence 310 Seymour St. 

RESTAURANTS. 

GILBERT  M.  HASTY.—Proprietor  Hasty's 

Gem  Lunch.  Best  meals  and  lunches  in  the 

c»ty.  Quiet place for  ladies.  118 Wash. Ave. S,