gU  311 a  ©. & 

ecor A 

\ 

V O L.  6. 

L A N S I N G,  M I C H I G A N,  T U E S D A Y,  J U NE  n,  1901. 

N( 

Intercollegiate  Field  D a y. 

T he  annual  field  day  was  held 
this  year  at  Hillsdale  on  the  7th  and 
8th  of  J u n e,  and  again  by  an-  over 
whelming  majority 
the  Michigan 
Agricultural  College  maintained  its 
yearly  supremacy. 

Of  the  19  track  events  on  which 
points  are  couuted,  M.  A.  C.  piled 
up  7 5;  Albion  and  Hillsdale  tied  for 
second  place at  29 each;  Normals  17; 
Olivet  12; and  Kalamazoo  8.  T he 
indoor  meet  was  also  won  by  M.  A. 
C,  winning  three  firsts  and 
two 
seconds,  making  21  points.  T he 
Normals  came  second  with  one  first 
and  five  seconds, a  total  of  20  points. 
Albion  was 
firsts, 
third  by 
thus  winning  15. 

three 

Schultz,  M.  A.  C,  was 

the  ac 

in 

justice 

knowledged  champion  of  the  meet. 
Keene  Fitzpatrick,  referee,  director 
of  athletics  at  the  U.  of  M.  said 
that 
Schultz  was  the  best  all-round  ath 
lete  he  had  ever  seen.  T a k i ng 
into 
consideration  speed,  distances  cov 
ered,  perfection  of  form,  points  and 
ease  of  performance,  he  is  undoubt 
edly  the  best  all-round  athlete 
that 
the  M.  I.  A.  A.  ever  saw.  Last 
first,  one  second 
year  he  took  one 
this  year  he  won 
and  two  thirds; 
six  firsts,  one  second  and  one 
third, 
with  better  men  to  contest  against 
than  last  year.  F or  some  reason  he 
the 
did  not  do  himself 
standing  broad  j u m p,  as  he  easily 
clears  over 
and  several 
inches  in  practice  regularly, but  only 
made  9 ft.  11 y2  in. 
He  was  forging 

the 
other  men  in  the  2.20  hurdles  and 
had  a  lead  on  them  when  a most  un 
fortunate  accident  happened;  one  of 
his  shoe  strings  broke  and  his  shoe 
the 
came  off 
fourth  hurdle.  He  pluickly  finished 
the  race,  however,  and  came  in  a 
in  the  record  breaking 
good 
third 
time  of  26.4-5 
Schultz 
always  runs  stronger  the  last  half  of 
a  race,  and  if  his  shoe  had  not  come 
off  he  would  without  doubt  have 
come  in  first  and  lowered  the  record 
by  one  or  two  more  fifths. 

ahead  ^f 

just  after 

jumping 

s e c o nds- 

feet 

ten 

Carrier 

is  a  good  walker  and 
took 
the  mile  walk  easily,  and  the 
only  regret  in  this  race  was  that  the 
athletic  association  did  not  feel, able 
to  send  Seelye  also,  w ho  would  just 
as  easily  have  won  second  place. 

Carpenter  surprised  every  one  by 
taking  the  standing  broad  j u mp  over 
Schultz  at  10  ft.  1%  in. 

in  the  bicycle 

Conyne  and  R ae  did  most  ex 
races, 
cellent  work 
the  former 
in  both  the 
taking  first 
quarter  and  mile,  and  was  just  as 
good  for  first  in  the  five  mile,  but 
just  before  the  final  spurt  the  front 
got 
wheel  of  Nicholas,  Albion, 
caught  in  Conyne's  pedal,  in  con 
sequence  of  which  Nicholas  took  a 
spill,  but  Conyne  managed 
to  get 
loose  without  a  tumble  but  lost  his 
third, 
pedal,  and  so  only  came  in 
with  R ae  second  and  Fuller,  Olivet, 
first. 

Driskel  put  up  a  plucky  finish  in 
the  half  mile.  He  and  Widrig, 
Albion,  were  far  ahead  of  the  other 
contestants,  and  Widrig  won  out  in 
an  excitingly 
simply 
close 
because  he  had  a  stronger  constitu 
tion. 

finish 

Malone  was  unlucky  in  drawing 
in  the  quarter  mile 

seventh  place 

dash  and  was  pocketed  until 
the 
home  stretch,  when  he  managed  to 
escaps  and  let  himself  out,  clearing 
every  one  except  D e P ew  who  had 
a  big  lead  and  who  had  drawn  first 
position  at  the  start.  T he  finish  be 
tween  these  two  was  of  high  strung 
interest.  At  the  last  fifty  yards  De-
P ew  was  far  ahead  when  Malone 
got  clear  of  the  bunch;  both  were 
sprinting  to  their  best  ability;  Ma 
lone  gradually  drew  up  almost  even 
with  D e P e w,  but 
tape  was 
reached  before  he  could  pass  him. 

the 

T he 

relay 

started  with 
race 
Schultz  against  Church,  Albion's 
crack  quarter  miler,  besides  Kazoo's 
fast  m a n;  and  after  all  his  previous 
successful  efforts  Shultz  won 
the 
first  quarter  over  Church  by  at  least 
three  feet.  Driskel  then  started  for 
the  second  quarter  against  Hatha 
way,  Albion,  and  after  a  fine  exhi 
bition  of  running  on  nerve 
finished 
about 
five  yards  behind  Albion. 
This  gave  Albion's  freshman  about 

twice  that  distance  for  a lead.  E d g a r, 
M.  A.  C.  started  after  Albion  at  a 
tremendous  pace  and  gained  on  him, 
but  the  pace  began  to  tell  at  the  fin 
ish,  and  about  five  more  yards  were 
lost,  with  Albion's  last  man  starting 
off  with  a  fresh  lead  of  at least  twen 
ty  yards.  W i th  some  runners,  this 
big  handicap  would  have  been  a 
killer,  but  not  so  with  Malone, 
M.  A.  C's.  last  man,  w ho  started  in 
at  a  terrific  gait  and  kept  it  up  to 
the  very  finish,  and  actually  gained 
two-thirds  of  the  distance  between 
him  and  Widrig.  This  last  quarter 
was  run  by  W i d r ig  in  52  and  one-
fifth  sec.  Malone,  by  gaining  at 
least  40  feet  on  him  must  have  run 
the  quarter  in  50  sec.  We  wish  he 
had  only  been  ten  yards  behind  at 
the  start  of  that  last  quarter.  T he 
relay  was  run  in  3.36.1-5. 

Following  is  the  full  list  of  track 
events,  performances  and  winners: 
100  yards,  Schultz,  M.  A.  C, 
first,  time,  1 0 3 - 5;  second,  D e P e w, 
Hillsdale;  third, Koster,  Kalamazoo. 
220  yards,  Schultz,  M.  A.  C, 
first,  time,  2 3 4 - 5;  second,  Malone, 
M.  A.  C;  third,  D e P e w,  Hillsdale. 
440  yards,  D e P e w,  Hillsdale, 
first,  time,  53  s e c;  second,  Malone, 
M.  A.  C; 
zoo. 

third,  Koster,  Kalama 

880  yards,  Widrig.  Albion,  first, 
time,  2.8  2-5;  second,  Driskel,  M. 
A.  C;  third,  Hill,  Albion. 

Mile 

run,  Schoch,  Kalamazoo, 

second,  W a r d, 

time,  4.56; 

first, 
Hillsdale;  third,  Hill,  Albion. 
Walk,  Carrier,  M.  A.  C, 

first, 
8.24  1-5;  second,  Walser, 

time, 
Ypsilanti;  third,  Clarke,  Olivet. 

120  yard  hurdles,  D e P e w,  Hills 
second, 
time,  17  s e c; 
third,  Marshall, 

first, 
dale, 
Church,  Albion; 
Albion. 

220  yd.  hurdie,  D e P e w,  Hillsdale, 
first,  time,  26 4-5;  second,  Church, 
third,  Schultz,  M.  A.  C. 
Albion; 
]£  mile  bike  Conyne,  M.  A.  C, 
first,  time,  37  2-5;  second,  Frazer, 
Ypsilanti; 
third,  Bushnell,  Kala 
mazoo. 

Mile  bike,  Convne,  M.  A.  C, 
time,  2.432-5;  second,  R a e, 

first, 
M.  A.  C;  third,  Fuller,  Olivet. 
5 mile  bike,  Fuller,  Olivet, 

first, 
time,  14.8  2-5;  second,  Rae,  M.  A. 
C;  third,  Conyne,  M.  A.  C. 

Standing  broad  jump,  Carpenter, 
M.  A.  C,  first,  distance  10 ft.  1 y2  in. 
second,  Schultz,  M.  A.  C; 
third, 
Marshall,  Albion. 

R u n n i ng  broad 

jump,  Schultz, 

M.  A.  C,  first,  distance,  20 ft.  5^  in. 
second,  Widrig,  Albion; 
Caine,  M.  A.  C. 

third, 

H o p,  step and  jump,  Schultz  M. 
in.; 
third, 

A.  C,  first,  distance,  43  ft.  6% 
second,  Widrig,  Albion; 
H o e g,  Hillsdale. 

Pole  Vault,  Schultz,  M.  A.  C. 
first,  height, 9ft.  8in.;  second,  W a r d, 
Hillsdale;  third,  Caine,  M.  A.  C. 
jump,  Schultz, 
M.  A . C .,  first,  height,  5  ft  21/I  in.; 
second,  E d g a r,  M.  A  C .; 
third, 
Whitcomb,  Ypsilanti. 

R u n n i ng 

high 

H i gh  kick,  Elliot,  Olivet, 

height  8ft.  l o i n .; 
Ypsilanti;  third,  Whitcomb. 

first, 
second,  Paxton, 

Shot,  Maddock,  Albion,  first,  dis 
tance,  35  ft;  second,  Edmunds,  Y p -' 
silanti; third,  Taylor,  Hillsdale. 

H a m m e r,  E d m u n d s,  Ypsilanti, 
first,  distance,  113 ft.  6  in.;  second, 
Maddock,  Albion; 
third,  Hoeg, 
Hillsdale. 

Relay,  Albion,  first  time,  3.36  1-5. 
second,  M.  A.  C;  third,  Kalamazoo. 

INDOOR  MEET. 

A  higher  grade  of  wrestling  was 
exhibited 
than  usual  in  the  indoor 
meet  held  at  Baw  Beese  P a r k,  about 
two  miles  from  Hillsdale. 

In  the  middle  weight  Excelby, 
Albion,  won  his  bout  with  Wolfe, 
Following  them,  Brun-
Ypsilanti. 
ger,  M.  A.  C, 
threw  DuRoss  of 
the  finals,  Excelby 
Hillsdale. 

In 

overcame  Brunger 
severe  struggle. 

after 

a  most 

In  the  Individual  Club  Swinging, 
took  first;  and 

Fuller,  M.  A.  C, 
Murray,  Ypsilanti,  second. 

Barringer,  M.  A.  C,  threw  both 

and  Taylor, 
R o g n e r,  Ypsilanti, 
Olivet, 
class. 
R o g n er  took  second  place  by  win 
ning  over  Taylor. 

light  weight 

the 

in 

T he  Horizontal  Bar  saw  only  two 
Ypsilanti 
from 
first  and  P a y ne 

both 

took 

entries, 
Whitcomb 
second. 

T he  welter  weight  brought  out 
some  pretty  work.  Rudolph,  M. 
A.  C.  and  Excelby,  Albion,  had  a 
close  bout,  it  being  believed  by  the 
the 
spectators 
latter  was  thrown,  but 
the  referee 
decided  in  favor  of  Excelby. 

at  one 

time 

that 

to  Rudolph. 

Rudolph  and  R o w e,  Hillsdale, 
the 
then  worked  for  second  place, 
bout  going 
the 
In 
heavy  weight,  Maddock,  Albion,  and 
Steckle,  Olivet,  decided  their  bout  in 
the  former  winning. 
short  order, 
In  the  second  bout,  Geib,  M.  A.  C. 
lost 
T he 
to  Wolfe,  Ypsilanti. 
final  bout  was  won  by  Maddock. 
Only  two  contested  in  the  feather 
and 
in 

weight,  Bryant,  M.  A.  C. 
P a y n e,  Ypsilanti.  Bryant  won 
a  few  seconds. 

M.  A . ' C.  won 

the 

indoor  meet 
the 

over  Ypsilanti,  by  one  point, 
standing  being,  M.  A.  C,  51 ;  Nor 
mals,  20;  Albion,  15.  Just  after  the 
bout  between  Exelby  and  Brunger, 
M.  A.  C.,  Albion's  coach  remarked 
that  that  was  the  hardest  and  closest 
match  Exelby  had  ever.  had.  E x 
elby  has  been  noted  as the  best  wel 
ter 
college 
wrestler  in  the  state. 

and  middle-weight 

TENNIS  SECTION. 

in 

T he  tennis  tournament  was  held 
out  at  the  college  and began  Thurs 
day  afternoon.  Sheldon,  M.  A.  C. 
won  his  set  from  Rogers,  N o r m a l; 
from  Curdy, 
H y n e y,  Albion,  won 
Kalamazoo, 
the  preliminaries. 
T he 
finals  between  Sheldon  and 
H y n ey  was  the  prettiest  exhibition 
the 
of  gents'  singles  ever  played  at 
intercollegiate.  Sheldon,  M.  A.  C. 
was  the  favorite  with  the  spectators 
them  by 
and 
the  ease and  accuracy  of  his  returns. 
After  five  close  and  exciting  sets, 
however,  H y n e y,  Albion,  won  out 
by  a  close  margin,  6. to  4. 

constantly  surprised 

In  men's  doubles,  Sheldon  and 
Willett,  M.  A.  C,  took  the  set  from 
Whitcomb  and  Rogers,  Normal, 
and  Hyney  and  Mathews,  Albion, 
cleaned  up  on  Curdy 
and  Mc-
Harness, Kalamazoo.  Albion's  men 
also won  their  set  from  Bagley  and 
F e n n,  Hillsdale. 

T he  finals  in  men's  doubles  found 
M.  A.  C. pitted  against  Albion  again 
for  first  place, and  Albion  once  more 
came  out  victor  after  a  close  contest. 
Hillsdale  took  third  in  the  doubles. 
T he  ladies'  singles  finished  with 
first;  Miss 
Miss  Perrine,  Albion, 
Corbett,  Hillsdale, second  ;  and  Miss 
Nolan,  M.  A.  C,  third.  This  is  the 
first  time  M. A.  C. ever  won  a  point 
in  ladies'  singles. 

T he  Misses  Perrine  and  H u n t, 
Albion,  took  first  in  doubles  over  the 
Misses  Corbett  and  Cole,  of  Hills 
dale. 

[Continued  on  Page  7.] 

2 

T HE  M.  A.  C. 

R E C O R D. 

J U NE 

I I, 

1901. 

THE  M. A.  C. RECORD. 

P U B L I S H ED  W E E K LY  BY  T HE 

HIGfllGAN  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE. 
EDITED  BY  THE  FACULTY, 
A S S I S T ED  BY'  T HE  S T U D E N T S. 

S U B S C R I P T I O NS  S H O U LD  BE  S E NT  TO  T HE  S E C 

RETARY-,  A G R I C U L T U R AL  C O L L E G E,  M I C H. 

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For  various reasons  T HE  M.  A.  C.  RECORD  is 
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postofnce,  for  no  charge  will  be  made  for  it. 
The  only  way,  however,  to  secure  T HE  R E C O RD 
regularly  is to subscribe. 

If 

out 

you 

have 

friends 

some  of 

your  mind 

this 
edition 

purpose. 
an  effort 

to  do 
interfere  with 

been 
thinking 
college,  make 
of  entering  some 
and 
so 
up 
your 
let  nothing 
In 
carrying 
is 
this  double 
to  bring  to  the  attention  of 
made 
the 
our  young 
advantages  offered  by 
this  College 
in  the  way  of  general  and  practical 
training.  This  number  lays  partic 
ular  stress  on  our  general  or  Agri 
cultural  Course.  A  previous  num 
for 
ber  emphasized 
young  women,  and 
future 
number  will  be  set  forth  the  advant 
It 
ages  of 
these 
is  quite  difficult 
courses  distinctly. 
in 
science,  English,  etc.,  as  set  forth  in 
the  same  as 
this  number  is  largely 
offered  in  the  W o m e n 's  Course,  and 
to  some  extent  the  same  as  taught 
to  engineering  students. 

our  course 
in  a 

the  Mechanical  Course. 

to  separate 

T he  work 

Record  Staff. 

H O W A RD  E D W A R D S. 
V I C T OR  E.  B R O W N. 

August  Frey. of  the Adelphic  Society. 
W.  S. Merick. of  the  Columbian  Society. 
T.  (i.  Phillips, of  the  Eclectic Society. 
Miss  Grace  Lundy, of  the  Ferouian  Society. 
G. C. Humphrey,  of  the  Hesperian  Society. 
Geo.  E. Ransom, of  the  Olympic Society. 
D.  D. Porter,  of  the  Phi  Delta  Society. 
Miss Clare Dean, of  the Themian  Society. 
H.  E. Young, of  the  Union  Literary  Society, 
George  Severance, of  the Y. M. C. A. 

Communications  and  other  matter  pertaining 
to  the  contents of  the  R E C O RD  should  be  sent  to 
Howard  Edwards. Editor  of  the  R E C O R D. 

This 

T h at  the  professions  of  law  and 
is  well 
medicine  are  overcrowded 
known 
T he 
to  every  observer. 
young  man  now  entering  one  of 
these  professions  must  be  ready  to 
spend  years  in  patiently  waiting  for 
business  to  come  his  way. 
V e ry 
often  he  is  driven  to  seek  other  em 
ployment. 
true  of 
earnest  young  men  of  fair  ability 
technical 
w ho 
schools. 
constant 
demand  for  young  men  of  ability 
who  graduate  from  our  agricultural 
or  engineering  courses,  and  with 
prospects  for  an  income  that  will 
average  equal  at 
that  of 
those  engaged  in  the  learned  pro 
fessions. 

courses 
is 

is  not 

There 

in 
a 

least 

take 

to 

If 

Do  you  think  of  entering  college 
next  year? 
If  so  you  should  de 
cide  soon.  Your  future  will  be  de 
termined  very  largely  by  your  de 
the  next 
cision  in  this  matter. 
five years  drift  by  it  will  then  be  too 
late  and  you  may  regret  ever  after 
wards  that  you  did  not  make 
the 
start  when  you  had  the  opportunity 
to  do  so.  T he  advantages  which  a 
college  education  brings  to  any  man 
or  woman  are  too  numerous 
to  be 
discussed  here;  yet 
to  every  one 
possessed  with  the  necessary  energy 
these  advantages  are 
and  ability 
open.  A  large  percentage  of 
the 
young  men  and  young  women  now 
in  college  in  this  country  are  earn 
ing  their  own  way.  T he  person 
who  tries  to  look  ahead  four  years 
and  wonder  what  he  would  do  with 
an  education  after 
it,  as 
though  it  was  so much  merchandise 
to  be  disposed  of,  will  never  get 
along  verv  far.  But  the  young  man 
or  woman  who  is  ambitious  to  make 
the  most  out  of  life,  and  who  is will 
ing  to  trust  the  future  and  not  try  to 
look 
too  far  ahead,  will  succeed. 
T h e re  never  has  been  in  the  history 
of  this  country  a greater  demand  for 
and 
well 
time. 
women 
to 
It  might  be  well, 
is 
add  right  here 
the  greatest  qualification,  and  educa 
tion  without 
is  of  little  conse 
quence, but education  with  it  is  being 
sought  for  more  earnestly  than  ever 
before. 

upright  men 
than  at  the  present 

however, 
that  character 

trained, 

lie  got 

it 

it  strives 

T he  College  is  larger  by  far  than 
any  one  of  its  departments,  and 
while 
turn  out  well 
to 
trained  men  and  women  in  technical 
lines,  its  first  object  is  to  give  to  its 
students  a  high  grade  of  intellectual 
training. 

in 

and 

contest, 

T he  Agricultural  Course,  while 
giving  a  splendid  knowledge  of 
scientific  and  practical  agriculture, 
at  the  same  time  gives  a  broad,  gen 
eral  training.  T he  graduates  from 
this  course  have  demonstrated  over 
and  over  again  that  in  mental  equip 
ment  they  are  not  a  whit  inferior  to 
other  college  men  who  have  gradu 
ated 
purely 
classical 
from 
In  the  last  Inter-
literary  courses. 
Collegiate  Oratorial 
in 
the  State 
which  eight  colleges  of 
took  part,  the  representative  of  this 
College,  who  was  a  senior  in  this 
thought 
course,  ranked  second 
and  composition. 
T he  man  who 
ranked  highest  as  a  debater  in  our 
three  years  ago  was  a" 
University 
graduate  of 
this  department.  An 
ex-State  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction,  as  well  as  a  number  of 
judges  and  other 
very  prominent 
prominent  professional  men  gradu 
from 
ated 
study. 
this  course  of 
this  department  have  gone 
F r om 
are  well 
forth  many  men  w ho 
every 
known 
in  the  country  has 
large  university 
graduates  from 
this  department  in 
its  faculty.  Bailey  and  Carpenter  of 
Cornell,  Daniels  of  Wisconsin  Un 
iversity,  Bessey  of  Nebraska  Univ 
ersity  are  a  few  who  may  be  said  to 
have  a national  reputation. 

teachers. 

Nearly 

It  fits  for 

time  give 

It  does  fit  for 

Many  young  people  are  liable  to 
think  that  because  this  course  is des 
ignated  as  >gricultural,  it  fits  only 
for  farming. 
this 
calling,  but  it  does  much  more  than 
this. 
living  on  a  high 
plane  of  intellectual  life.  A  course 
of  study  may  be  practical  and  deal 
with  practical  subjects  and  at  the 
splendid  mental 
same 
training. 
It  is  generally  conceded 
that 
now  by  almost  all  educators 
there  is  as  much  mental  discipline  to 
be  gained  by  the  study  of  the  natur 
al  sciences  when  properly  taught  as 
from  study  of  the  ancient  languages. 
this  paper  aside 
without  reading  carefully  the  work 
offered  in  botany, chemistry,  physics, 
entomology,  bacteriology,  English, 
mathematics,  and  the  various  phases 
of  practical  work.  As  far  as  the 
equipment  of  laboratories  and  ability 
of  teaching  force  are  concerned  this 
College  will  compare  very  favorably 
with  the  best  in  the  country. 

Do  not 

throw 

By 

taking 

this  course  a  young 

man  has 
two  strings  to  his  bow. 
After  completing  his  course  if  he 
desires  to  enter  professional  life  he 
is  well  prepared  to  do  so. 
If  he  de 
sires  to  teach  some  branch  of  science 
or  practical  agriculture  or  return  to 
the  farm  again,  he  has  the  very  best 
possible 
to  enable  him  to 
make  a  success  of  his  life  work. 

training 

J.  L.  S N Y D E R. 

D e a th  of  N o r m an  Edwards. 

T he  sad  news  of 

the  death  of 
Norman  Edwards  reached  the  Col 
lege  on  Monday  morning. 
He 
passed  away  on  Sabbath  morning  at 
their  old  home,  Thoroughfare,  V a. 
It  was  not  altogether  unexpected  as 
Dr.  Edwards  had  been  called  by  tel 
egram  to  Virginia  on  last  Friday. 
Norman  was  a  strong,  rugged  boy 
until  about 
the  middle  of  March 
when  he  was  taken  ill  with  a  severe 
pain  in  his  side  accomp.mied  with 
high  fever.  His  trouble  was  thought 
by  his  physicians  to be  congestion  of 
In  a  few  days  his  fever 
the  liver. 
subsided  and  he  was  able 
to  be 
about.  He  entered  College  at  the 
beginning  of  this  term  but soon  took 
ill  again  and  returned  to  the  Hos 
pital.  His  illness  at  this  time  was 
very 
attack. 
T h e re  were  several  consultations  of 
physicians,  but  no  satisfactory  diag 
the 
nosis  of 
opinion  of 
rather 
favored  malarial  fever  as  the  proba 
ble  trouble. 

the  case  was  made; 
the  physicians 

similar 

first 

the 

to 

reaching 

it  will  be  remembered  by 

the 
readers  of  the  R E C O RD 
that  Mrs. 
Edwards  was  in  poor  health  a  few 
the 
months  ago  and  that  she,  with 
two  younger  children,  Bland  and 
Mildred,  returned  to  their  old  home 
in  Virginia  with  the  hope  that  the 
warmer  climate  might  improve  her 
home 
condition.  After 
she  had  a  severe  attack  of 
typhoid 
fever.  T he  two  children  were  also 
ill  with  the  same  disease.  W h en 
Norman  was  taken  ill  she  was  not 
able to  return  North.  After  several 
weeks  of  worry  Dr.  Edwards  de 
cided  to  take  Norman  to  their  home 
in  Virginia.  W h i le  he  was  quite 
weak,  the  trip  was  made  successful 
ly  and  without  any  apparent  harm 
In  the  course  of  a 
to  the  patient. 
week,  however,  another  relapse  oc 
curred,  but  in  a  few  days  the  fever 
left  him  again  and  he  was  eleven 
days  without  any  fever.  But  during 
the  time  he  did  not  seem  to  gain 
strength  and  when 
re 
turned  it  found  him  so  reduced  that 
longer 
he  was  unable  to  hold  out 
against  it  and  sank  calmly 
into  his 
last,  long  sleep.  His  physicians  in 
Virginia  pronounced  the  disease  ty 
phoid  fever. 

the  fever 

It  has  been  nearly  five  years  since 
to  a  College  student, 
last 
to  pass  away. 
from 

death  came 
yet  of  the  students  in  college 
year  he  is  the  sixth 
T he  other  five  had  withdrawn 
College  before  their  demise. 

Norman  will  be very  much  missed 
the  campus.  He  was  always 
life 

on 
courteous  and  cheerful.  His 
was  clean  and  upright.  He  devel 
oped  slowly  and  to  those  w ho  knew 
him  intimately  he  seemed  more  like 
the  boy  of  sixteen  than  of  nineteen. 
He  was  full  of  life,  ambitious,  had  a 
good  mind;  was  nearly  half  way 
through  his  college  course,  and  gave 
promise  of developing  into  a  strong 
and  good  man.  He  was  taken  away 
just  as  the  hope  of  his  parents  and 
friends  began  to  be  realized,  but  he 
has  left  behind  an  unsullied 
record 
which  they  can  recall  with  proud 
satisfaction. 

" L o n g,  long  m ay 

their  h e a r ts  w i th  such 

m e m o r i es  be  filled, 

L i ke  t he  vase  in  which  w a t er  has  once  b e en 

distilled; 

You  m ay  b r e a k,  you  m ay  s h a t t er  t h at  v a se 

if  you  will 

But  t he  scent  of  t he  r o s es  will  cling  r o u nd  it 

still." 

T he  sympathy  of 

the  College 

people  go  out  to  D r.  and  Mrs.  Ed 
wards  in  these  dark  hours.  T h ey 
are  passing  through  a  severe  ordeal, 
they  are  brave  and 
but  we  know 
that  their  lives  are  so  anchored 
to 
the  R o ck  of  Safety 
they  can 
take  up  the  burdens  of  life  again  and 
toil  on  until  the  "day  break  and  the 
shadows  flee  away." 

that 

J.  L.  S N Y D E R. 

Agriculture. 

F or  convenience  the  instruction  in 
first— 
Agriculture  is  divided  into, 
iucluding  a  study  of 
A g r o n o m y, 
soils,  Soil  Physics,  Farm  Mechanics 
Second—Animal 
and  F a rm  Crops. 
Husbandry, 
including  Dairy  Hus 
bandry,  Stock Judging,  Stock  Breed 
All  of 
ing  and  Stock  Feeding. 
these  subjects  as  will  be  seen  by  the 
brief  outlines  following,  are  given 
due  prominence  in  our  Agricultural 
Course.  At 
the 
winter  term  of  the  Junior  year  the 
student 
is  given  the  privilege  of 
devoting  his  time  to  the  study  of 
farming 
that  appears  at  the  time  to  be  of 
most  importance  and  value  to  him. 
During  the  past  year  three  seniors 
have  been  making  a  special  study 
of  Dairy  Husbandry,  three  of  soils, 
and  ten  of  Animal  Husbandry. 

the  beginning  of 

'  some  particular  phase  of 

E Q U I P M E NT 

F OR 

A G R I C U L T U R AL 

I N S T R U C T I O N. 
It  would  be  folly  to  undertake  to 
teach  agriculture  without 
ample 
equipment.  Besides  the  soils  labor 
atory  the  student  has  a  more  exten 
sive  laboratory  where  he  can  study 
he 
soils  and  crops,  where 
can 
observe  and  get  practical 
results: 
namely,  a  676  acre  farm  equipped 
and 
with  all  modern  machinery 
labor-saving  devices. 

recommended 

T he  student  can  see  the  opera 
tions 
the  class 
room  executed  upon  the  farm  and 
judge  for  himself  of  their  practica 
bility. 

in 

T he  six  stock  barns  are  filled  with 
the 
to  be  most 

high  class  domestic  animals  of 
various  breeds  found 
valuable  for  Michigan  conditions. 

Purchases  of  cattle,  sheep  and 
swine  will  be  made  during  the  year 
so  that  the  already  creditable  equip 
ment  will  be  greatly  strengthened. 
re 
T he  modern  dairy  building 
cently  constructed,materially  streng 
thens  our  equipment 
for  giving 
instruction. 

H E R B E RT  W.  M U M F O R D. 

AGRONOMY'. 
T he  work  in  Agronomy  may  be 

briefly  summed  up  as  follows: 

In  the  fall  term  of 

the  Freshman 
year  four  weeks  are  devoted  to  the 
study  of 
the  history,  classification 
and  distribution  of  soils.  Especial 
attention  is  given  to  the  more  im 
portant  agencies  operative 
the 
other 
building  of 
agencies  active  in  destroying  soils 
already  formed.  Nature's  methods 
of  using  the  former  and  of  resisting 
the  latter  are  studied  with  a  view  to 
their  practical  application  on  -the 
farm. 

soils 

and 

in 

to 

In  the  spring  term  of  the  Fresh 
man  year  soils  are  studied  in  their 
relation 
T he 
to  growing  crops. 
importance  of  right  moisture,  tern-

J U NE  11,  1901. 

T HE 

M.  A. 

C. 

R E C O R D. 

perature,  and  air  conditions  of  the 
soil  are  emphasized  and  the  manner 
in  which  these  conditions  may  be 
governed  by  tillage,  drainage,  etc., 
is  shown.  H e re 
nature's 
methods  are  studied  so  far  as  they 
are  known. 

again 

taken 

T he  more  important  farm  crops 
importance, 
their 
are 
needs  and  the  principles  underlying 
their  production  are  discussed. 

up, 

T he  leading  types  of  farm  imple 
ments  and  machinery  are  studied  as 
to  their  uses,  care,  and  management. 
Seven  weeks  of  the  Sophomore 

fall  term  are  devoted: 

( 1 ).  To  laboratory  work.  This 
includes  the  mechanical  analysis  of 
soils,  determinations  of  moisture  in 
soils,  green  and  dry  fodders,  grains 
and  root  crops;  the  study  of  air  and 
moisture  movements 
in  the  soils; 
the  study  of  the  principles  of  draft, 
etc. 

( 2 ).  To  lectures  on  construction 
of  roads  and  on  the  construction  of 
farm  buildings,  giving  especial  at 
tention  to  the  planning,  ventilating, 
and  lighting  of  the  same. 

During 

the  winter 

term  of  the 
Junior  year  those  students  electing 
Agricultural  Experimentation  give 
their  attention 
to  the  history  and 
work  of  the  United  States  Depart 
ment  of  Agriculture,  to  the  history, 
work  and  literature  of  experiment-
stations,  and  to  the  principles  of 
experimentation. 
This  work  em 
braces  lectures  and  individual  read 
ing. 

Each  student  plans  a  practical  ex 
periment,  and  the  reasons  for  and 
experiment 
the 
for 
class 
the 
are 
criticism  and  suggestion. 

plans 
of 
submitted 

each 
to 

term 

During 

the  spring 

each 
student  preforms  the  experiment  he 
has  planned,  afterwards  submitting 
a  formal  report  of  the  results  of  his 
work. 
this 
work  the  student  is  thrown  largely 
upon  his  own 
responsibility  and 
some  very  creditable  and  useful 
results  have  been  obtained. 

the  execution  of 

In 

stock;  we  must  therefore,  endeavor 
to  have  created  in  their  minds  ideal 
types 
for  every  breed  and  bring 
each  to  that  point  where,  almost 
unconsciously,  he  will  find  himself 
measuring  every  animal  he  sees  by 
its  breed  standard. 

In  the  work  in  Stock  Breeding 
and  the  principles  which  govern  it, 
laws  of  breeding  are 
the  various 
fully  dealt  with,  practical 
illustra 
tions  of  their  application  in the  work 
of  early  and  modern  breeders  being 
given. 

W i th  those  seniors  specializing  in 
Live  Stock,  a  large  amount  of  time 
is  spent  in  advanced  work  studying 
in  detail  points  of  similarity  and 
difference  between  various  breed 
types  and 
typical 
specimens  of  different  breeds  with 
regard 
to  their  utility  for  specific 
purposes.  T he  many  typical  speci 
mens in the  College  herds  and  flocks 
are  freely  used  in  this  work. 

in  comparing 

T he  work  in  Feeds  and  Feeding 
is  quite  comprehensive  in  character, 
touching  as  it  does  upon  the  various 

iors  who  intend 
specialists. 

to  become  dairy 

In  the  Farm  Dairy  W o r k,  which 
to  both  the  Agricultural 
is  given 
Sophomores  of  the  College  and  to 
Special  Short  Course  students, 
the 
aim  is  to  teach  the  student  the  latest 
and  most  approved  methods  of  mak 
ing  butter  on  the  farm,  the  use  and 
application  of  the  Babcock  test,  the 
methods  for  determining  the  profit 
ableness  of  the  individual  cows  of  a 
herd,  and  the  necessity  of  scrupulous 
cleanliness  in  all  dairy  work. 

T he  aim  of  the  Creamery  course, 

receiving, 

is  to  train  young  men  in  the  prac 
tical  operations  of  all  details  of 
creamery  work.  Tn  this  course  the 
the  practical 
through 
student  goes 
operations  of 
sampling 
and  weighing  milk,  learns  to  oper 
ate  the various  styles  of  cream  sep 
arators, determine  their  efficiency  in 
creaming  and  economy  in  operating, 
and  examines  the  character  of 
the 
cream  delivered  by  each.  Special 
emphasis  is  laid  upon  ripening  cream 
with  pure  cultures of  bacteria.  T he 

s • • 

T he  fall  term  and  spring  term  of 
the  Senior  year  are  given  to  Soil 
in  which  by 
Physics 
laboratory 
methods 
the  physical  properties  of 
soils  and  their  relations  to  observed 
phenomena 
studied. 
T he  apparatus  employed  is  of  the 
newest 
type  and  open  up  lines  of 
study  of  a  highly  practical  and  satis 
factory  nature  as  time  promises  to 
demonstrate. 

further 

are 

J.  A.  J E F F E R Y. 

A N I M AL 

H U S B A N D R Y, 

S T O CK 

J U D G I N G,  S T O CK  B R E E D I NG 

A ND  S T O CK  F E E D I N G. 

judges 

While  it  is  true  that  the  expert 
judge  is  born,  not  made,  and  that  we 
can  expect  but a small  percentage  of 
skilled 
from  the  men  who 
take  this  work,  we  believe  it  is of 
great  practical  advantage  and  has  a 
every 
direct  money 
for 
student  who 
later  in  life  may  be 
connected  with  any  line  of  Animal 
Industry. 

value 

In  the  Freshman  year  a  course  of 
lectures  is  delivered  upon  the  origin, 
history,  and  characteristics  of  the 
various  breeds  of  P u re  Bred  Live 
Stock,  supplemented  by  fifty  hours 
of  practical  work. 
In  this,  the  be 
ginner  is  first  familiarized  with  the 
various 
the 
endeavor  being  made  to  teach  him 
touch  to  discern  the 
by  sight  and 
desirable  and  undesirable 
in  form 
and  conformation.  But  few  of  our 
students,  entering  the  course  have 
had  any  experience  with  high-class 

terms  used, 

technical 

intimately connected processes  which 
bring  into  a  triangle  of  mutual  sup 
the  Soil,  the  Plant,  and  the 
port 
Animal. 
It  is taken  up in the  Junior 
year  when  the  student  has  had  work 
in  Botany  and  Organic  Chemistry 
giving  him  a  knowledge  of  plant 
structure and composition.  His  work 
in  Veterinary  Science  has 
taught 
him  something  of  the  various  vital 
processes  of  the  animal  body. 
In 
this  study  we  deal  briefly  with  the 
general  maintenance  needs  of 
the 
animal  economy  and  any  specific 
variations  due  to  the  requirements 
of  any  special  production  as  beef, 
milk  or  work.  T he  composition  of 
the  various  plants  grown  upon 
the 
farm  is  dealt  with  with  a  view  to 
determining  to  what  class  of  animal 
production  each  may  be  made  to 
contribute  most  economically. 

In  brief,  the work  in Animal  Hus 
bandry  aims  to teach the  prospective 
stock  man  how  he  may  select  the 
to  the 
class  of  animals  best  suited 
object  he  has  in  view,  while 
from 
that  under  the  second  division  he 
should  secure  knowledge  enabling 
the  feed-stuffs  at  his 
him  to  utilize 
disposal  in  such  a  manner  as  to ob 
tain  the  greatest  net  profit. 

J.  J.  FERGUSON. 

D A I RY  H U S B A N D R Y. 
T he  scope of  the  dairy  work  at 
M.  A.  C.  may  be grouped  under  the 
following  sub-divisions: 

1st,  F a rm  Dairy  W o r k; 

2d, 
Creamery  W o r k;  3d,  Cheese  Mak 
ing;  and  4th, elective  work  for  sen 

the 

used 

various 

student  learns  to  handle 
the  old  as 
well  as  the  new  styles  of  churns  and 
butter  workers,  familiarizes  himself 
used 
with 
devices 
the  milk  as  well 
for  heating 
the 
as 
those 
supple 
cream.  This 
mented  by  daily 
the 
theory  and  art  of  butter  making,  the 
chemistry  and  physics  of  milk,  milk 
fermentations  and  their  relation  to 
filth,  and  the  kind  and  amount  of 
adulterations  of  milk.  Daily  prac 
tice  is  given  in  scoring  butter. 

cooling 
is 
lectures  on 

for 
work 

the 

In  the  cheese  making  course  the 
student  learns  to  make 
typical 
Cheddar  Cheese  as  well  as  the  so-
called  Michigan  cheese.  He  is given 
thorough  drill  in  the  use of  the  ren 
net  test  and  the  Babcock  test.  He 
learns  how 
to  control  gassy  and 
over-ripe  milk,  familiarizes  himself 
with  the various  kinds  of  curd-milks, 
and  learns  the  use  of  the  various 
in  cheese  mak 
commercial  starters 
ing.  T he  daily  practical  work  is 
supplemented  by lectures  on  the the 
ory  and  art of cheese  making,  cheese 
factory  construction,  and  the  proper 
methods  of  cheese  curing. 

testing, 

T he  senior  elective  work  con 
sists  of  daily  lectures  during  the  fall 
and  spring  terms,  on  the  theory  and 
art  of  butter  and  cheese  making, 
the  chemistry  and 
milk 
physics  of  milk,  butter,  milk  and 
cheese  analysis,  milk  fermentations, 
the  study  of  dairy  breeds,  and  the 
methods  of  determining  the  value of 
the  individual  cows  of  each  breed. 
lectures  are  supplemented  by 
T he 

daily  practice 
in  butter  making, 
cheese  making,  and  laboratory  prac 
tice. 

T he  dairy  school  will  soon  be 
turned 
into  a  model  creamery  and 
cheese  factory  by  the  patronage  of 
the  milk  producers  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  the  College.  With  this 
patronage  the  College  will  receive 
about  3000  lbs. of  milk  daily.  This 
added  feature  will  make  this  a  model 
dairy  school,  whose  scope  of  work 
compares  favorably  with  that  of  any 
other  similar  institution  in  the  land. 

J O HN  M I C H E I . S. 

Horticulture. 

life? 

AS  A  S C I E N C E. 
T he  time  is  not far  distant  when 
certain  phases  of  agriculture  and 
horticulture  will  have  a  place  in  the 
curriculum  of  our  colleges.  Teach 
to  rec 
ers  of  science  are  beginning 
ognize  that  in  their  scientific  aspects 
they  have  a value  distinct  from  and 
in  some  ways  superior  to  the  other 
natural  sciences.  W hy  restrict  the 
Is  not 
study  of  life  to  wild 
the  horticulturist  a  practical  work 
ing  botanist? 
In  his  constant  asso 
ciation  with  them  should  he  not 
than  does 
know  plants  even  better 
In  view  of 
the  laboratory  botanist? 
the  fact  that  Darwin  and  Weismann, 
not  to mention  other  great  scientists, 
illustra 
drew  their  most 
tions  and  deduced 
chiefest 
principles  from  animals  and  plants 
under  domestication,  it  is  remark 
able  that  teachers  and 
investigators 
in  science  have  not  recognized  more 
fully  agriculture  and  horticulture  as 
a  means  of  teaching  natural  science. 

initiative 
their 

T he  horticulturist  best  of  all work 
ers  in natural  science can bring  direct 
specific  proof  on  such  questions  as; 
the  influence  of  climate  on  plants; 
the  transmission  of  acquired  charac 
ters;  the  changes  due  to  environ 
ment;  he  can  create  new  species;  he 
can  break  up  old  ones 
into  varied 
forms;  in  short,  he moulds  and  mod 
ifies  vegetable  life  at  will.  These 
are  but 
T h e re  are 
other  lines  of  inquiry  as  striking  and 
taken  together  they  furnish  a  great 
field  for  scientific  research. 

illustrations. 

It  follows  then 

that  horticulture 
must  possess  the  factors  which  give 
the  natural  sciences  their  value  in 
our  schools. 
In its study  we  attempt 
to  teach  habits  of  observation  and 
comparison,  of  investigation,  and  of 
orderly  thinking,  and that,  too,  com 
bined  with  direct  technical  training. 
horticulture  should 
T he  study  of 
broaden  a  student's  mind, 
should 
make  him  more  accurate  in  his  judg 
ments,  more  cautious 
in  generaliz 
ing,  and  more  alert  and  fruitful  in 
his  investigations. 

AS  AN A R T. 

the  many 

A  technical  education  in  horticul 
ture as  given  in a  college  should  not 
be  considered  as  a  trade. 
It  could 
not  be  expected  that  with  the  vari 
ous  phases  of  horticulture 
taught 
related  studies  re 
and 
quired, that  a  man  should  attain  the 
manual  drill  to  be  had  in  serving  an 
apprenticeship.  R a t h er  the  idea  is 
to  show  the relationshipirf  the  art to 
interde 
the  science—to  show  the 
pendence  of  the  one  upon  the  other. 
Neither 
the 
is  it  considered 
knowledge  attained  is of  very  high 
importance,  the giving  of  inspiration 
interest  and 
and  the  enkindling  of 
important. 
enthusiasm  being  more 
though 
This  knowledge,  however, 
incidental,  is  always  meant 
to  be 
practical.  T he  art  is  in  most  cours 
es  subordinate  to the science,  follow 
latter, 
ing 

the  principles  of 

that 

the 

4 

T HE  M.  A.  C 

R E C O R D. 

J U NE 

I i,  1901 

is 

rules  of 

learnedj  should  be  a 
which,  once 
rather  than  de 
possession  forever, 
pending  upon  the 
the  art 
given  to  be  memorized,  and  which, 
forgotten. 
in  most  cases,  are  soon 
T he  prospective  student  asks  what 
the  advantage  of  a  college 
training 
in  horticulture  is  over  a  four  years 
apprenticeship  in horticulture.  T he 
advantage 
the  man  who 
this: 
serves  the  apprenticeship  can  graft 
better,  pot  plants  better,  and  can 
plough  a  straighter  garden 
furrow, 
but  the  college  man  can  manage  an 
orchard,  a  greenhouse  or  a  garden 
better  than  the  other.  T h r o u gh  a 
college 
horticulturist 
should  be  less  opinionated,  more 
to  be 
open  to  conviction  and  ready 
taught,  more 
should 
know  what  men  are  doing  in  science 
and  be  able  to  apply  their  discover 
ies  to  his  work, 
should  be  more 
alert  in  discovering  his  neighbor's 
improved  methods,  and  more  prompt 
to  adopt  them.  But  not  only 
is  he 
then  a  better  all-around  horticultur 
ist,  but  he  is a broader-minded,  more 
in 
progressive  citizen  and  happier 
his greater  knowledge,  whatever  his 
surroundings  may  be. 

self  reliant, 

training 

a 

C O U R S E S. 

T h e re  can  be  no  specific  course 
which  is  best  for  all  students  in  hor 
ticulture.  T he 
training  must  vary 
according  to  the  trend  of  mind  and 
the  capacity  of  the  student,  and  the 
particular  branch  which  each  may 
wish 
to  follow.  To  some  extent 
the  work  must  depend  upon  seasons 
and  weather,  and  the convenience  of 
getting  material.  F or  these  reasons 
all  of  the  courses  below  are  more  or 
less  iiexible, 
In  none  of  them  is  the 
teaching  meant  to  be  empirical  or 
didactic,  but 
student 
work  hand  in  hand. 

teacher  and 

1.  Vegetable  Gardening;  includ 
ing  plant  propagation.  All  of  the 
methods  of  plant  propagation  are 
studied  and  the  vegetable  crops  re 
ceive  consideration  from 
the  stand 
their  botany,  history  and 
point  of 
special  cultural  requirements. 

2.  Pomology.  A  studv  of  the 
fruits  of  this  climate;  the  means  of 
improving  them,  and  the  methods  of 
growing 

them. 

3.  Landscape-gardening. 

Con 
sidered  as  one  of  the  arts  of  design— 
a  fine  art. 

4.  Floriculture 

and  Vegetable 
Farming.  Studied  from  the  stand 
point  of  the  botanist  and  plant  im 
prover  as  well  as  from 
that  of  the 
commercial  grower. 

5.  Spraying 

T he 
history  and  principles  and  practice  of 
spraving, 

of  Plants. 

6.  Plant  Physiology.  A  know 
ledge  of  the  function  of  the  organs 
of  plants  is at  the  very  foundation  of 
every  course in  horticulture. 

7.  EvoJution  of  Orchard 

and 
Garden  Plants.  T h is  course  treats 
of  the  modification  of  plants  through 
the  efforts  of  the  horticulturist,  and, 
the 
incidentally, 
whole  matter  upon  organic  evolu 
tion. 

bearing 

the 

of 

S.  Commercial 

In  connection  with  all  of 

Horticulture. 
Advanced  work  upon  such  horticul 
tural  subjects  as  students  may  elect. 
the 
above  courses  considerable  general 
reading  is  required,  and  excursions 
are  made,  when  opportunity  offers, 
to  orchards,  nurseries,  parks  and 
greenhouses.  With  the  first  five,  in 
addition  to the  hour  in  the  class  room, 
two  hours  per  day  are  spent  in  the 
orchards,  garden  or  on  the  campus 
at  practical  work.  About  half  of 
this  work  is  paid  for. 

This  laboratory  work  is  in  some 

respects  most  important,  in  that  it  is 
here  tha'  the  art  must  be  taught,  and 
in  that,  here, 
the  peculiar  bent  of 
each  student  is  more  or  less  brought 
out.  A  thesis  recording  the  results 
of  original  investigatiou  is  required 
for  graduation. 

U.  P.  H E D R I C K. 

Zoology  and  Physiology. 

T he  department  of  Zoology  and 
Physiology  takes  charge  of  all  the 
preliminary  work  in  the  agricultural 
course  which  relates  to  the  animal 
world. 
Some  definite  knowledge  of 
the  structure  and  workings  of  animal 
organisms,  from 
the  simple  Worm 
to  the  complex  human  being  is  nec 
studies 
essary  before 
in 
stock-breeding, 
animal 
veterinary 
heredity,  and 
kindred  subjects  can  be  taken  up 
with  any  expectation  of  fair  results. 
T h us  it  has  seemed  best  to  require 
a  term  or  two  of  human  and  com 
physiology 
parative  anatomy  and 
the 
before  the  student  even  begins 

feeding, 

science, 

special 

hours  a  day  for  a  week  or  two  in 
dissecting  and  studying  this  animal, 
following  somewhat  the same  course 
the  medical 
as  would  be  taken  by 
student  in  the  university  dissecting 
room.  A  life-sized  Auzoux  model 
of  the  human  body  is  kept  close  at 
hand  for  comparison  and  even  the 
most  apathetic  student  generally  gets 
interested,  and  often 
enthusiastic, 
before  the  completion  of  the  work. 
text-book 
lessons  with  recitations  and 
lectures 
laboratory 
at  regular  times,  but  the 
method  is the  backbone  of  the  course, 
and  without 
the 
results  could  be  attained. 

it  not  a  tithe  of 

there  are 

course 

Of 

and 

T he 

lectures 

embrace 

some 
branches  of  physiology  and  compar 
ative  anatomy  not  covered  by 
the 
text,  as  well  as a  short  course  in  re 
production 
embryology—the 
latter  hardly  more  than  an  outline 
owing  to  lack  of  time.  Hygiene  is 
taught,  not  as  a  separate  subject  but 
it  can  be 
whenever  and  wherever 
most  effectively  presented. 
In  this 
connection  the  effects  of  alcohol  and 

together  with  the  minute  size  of 
many  of  them  has  always  been  a 
stumbling  block  to  their  study  in  the 
lower  schools,  and  even  in  the  high 
schools  and  many 
colleges.  But 
their  importance  to  the  agriculturist 
has  always  been  recognized  by 
the 
Agricultural  College,  and  the  value 
of  such  study  as  is  offered  here  can 
hardly  be  overestimated.  Here,  as 
in  the  anatomy  which  preceded 
it, 
the  laboratory  method  is  the  key  to 
the  problem,  and  the  student  who  at 
term 
the  beginning  of  the  Spring 
sits  down  with 
lens, 
needle  and 
pencil, paper  and  grasshopper,  for  a 
study  on  a 
few  hours  of  serious 
few  weeks 
single  species,  after  a 
the 
may  be  able  to  name  at  sight 
order  to  which  any  common 
insect 
belongs,  and  with  a  little  care  and 
patience  to  analyze  and  classify 
it 
with  a confidence  and  precision  equal 
the  chemist  or  assayer. 
to  that  of 
Each  member  of  the  class  gathers, 
preserves  and  labels  a collection  rep 
resenting  six  or  eight  orders  of 
in 
sects, and  often  becomes  so  interested 
in  the  work  as to  continue  collecting 
as 
long  as  he  remains  in  college. 
T he  department  has  by  far  the  larg 
insects  in 
est  and  best  collection  of 
in 
the  state,  and  the  library  is  rich 
relating 
general  and  special  works 
to American  entomology,  so  that  in 
limited 
vestigation 
in 
inclina 
only  by  the  student's  own 
tion  and  the  necessity 
in 
other  departments. 

for  work 

this  line 

is 

T he 

to  the 

the  Michigan 

junior, 
regular  agricultural 
electing  horticulture  has  a  second 
term's  work  in  entomology,  devot 
ing  most  of  his  time 
insects 
fruit 
affect 
which 
grower,  and  studying  particularly 
the  life  histories  of  the  more 
injuri 
ous  species  and  the  best  methods  of 
preventing  or  meeting  their  attacks. 
still  an 
As  a  senior  he  may  elect 
other  term  of  advanced  work  along 
this  line  and  thus  should  obtain  be 
fore 
fair  working 
knowledge  of  the  science. 

graduation 

a 

- any  credit  for 

it.  An  attempt 

Zoology,  or  the  biology  of  ani 
mals,  does  not  at  present  receive  the 
attention  at  the  College  which  its 
importance  would  seem  to  warrant. 
Some  of  it  is  given 
indeed  under 
other  names, for  example  in the  ento 
mology  just  mentioned,  but  as  a  reg 
ular  study  it  is confined  to  the  senior 
year  where  a  single 
term  of  so-
called  economic  zoology  is  provided 
for  those  w ho  elect  it  and  are  pre 
pared  to  take  it.  As  with  the  other 
subjects  taught  in  this  department  a 
large  amount  of  laboratory  work  is 
required  and  although  a  course  of 
lectures  is  given  in  connection  with 
this  work  no  student  is  allowed  to 
take  the  lectures  alone  and  receive 
is 
made  to  give  a  rough  outline  of  the 
natural  classification  of  the  animal 
kingdom,  but  the  greater  part  of  the 
time  is  spent  upon  matters  of  econ 
like 
omic  importance,  and  groups 
the  parasitic  worms  are 
treated  in 
some  detail.  T he  vertebrate  animals 
of  the  state,  the  fish,  reptiles,  birds 
and  mammals,  receive  considerable 
attention,  and  the  inter-relations  of 
some  of 
the  groups,  for  example 
birds  and  insects,  are  used  to  stimu 
the 
late  the  reasoning  powers  of 
caution 
students  and 
in 
teach 
to 
jumping  to  conclusions. 
It  is  much 
to  be  deplored  that  more  than  one 
the 
half  of  the  rural  population  of 
state lives  and  dies in  almost  total  ig 
norance  of  the  real  beauties  and  uses 
of  the  common  wild  inhabitants  of 
forest,  field  and  stream,  and  in  too 
many  cases  not  only  misses  the  true 
but  believes 
false  and  clings 
tenaciously  to  the  beliefs  and  super-

the 

CLASS 

IN  ZOOLOGY. 

the 

fish, 

their 

relations 

the  other 

tissues  of 

the  bird,  or 

studies  just  mentioned.  At  the  out 
set  he  is  supplied  with 
the  human 
skeleton,  both  complete  and  dis 
membered,  and  is  required  to  study, 
draw,  name  and  describe  the  various 
pa'ts  and 
to  each 
other  in  such  a  way  as  to  fix  these 
structures  indelibly  on  his  mind,  so 
that  his  own  skeleton,  so  to  speak, 
the  actual  foundation  of 
is  made 
that  anatomical  knowledge  which 
he  is  to  apply  later  to  the  worm,  the 
insect, 
the 
is  a  similar 
horse.  T he  next  step 
the 
study  of 
body—cartilage,  ligaments,  tendons, 
blood,  muscles,  fat,  nerves  and  skin. 
These  are 
simply 
with  pictures,  models,  diagrams  and 
preserved  specimens,  but  with 
the 
actual  tissues  from  frogs,  fish,  birds, 
and  slaughter  house  material,  each 
student  handling,  examining,  draw 
the  various  parts, 
ing  and  testing 
and  so  becoming  familiar  with 
the 
normal  condition  and  appearance  of 
the  various  organs  and  tissues. 
In 
doing  this  he  works  sometimes  with 
the  unaided  eyes  and  fingers,  some 
times  with  the  hand-lens  and  dissect 
the 
ing 
compo  Hid  microscope  and  suitable 
reference  hooks,  but  always  with 
the  instructor  at  hand 
to  suggest, 
correct,  or  confirm,  as  the  case  may 
demand. 

sometimes  with 

illustrated  not 

forceps, 

the  class 

is  divided 

Toward  the  close  of  the  course  in 
anatomy 
into 
sections  as  small  as  possible  and 
and 
supplied  with 
rabbits  or  cats, 
carefully  prepared 
several 
spends 
student 
and 

freshly  killed 

each 

J 
narcotics  are  treated,  and  an  attempt 
made 
and 
individual 
wholesome  respect 
and  general 
for 
rational  temperance  methods. 

intelligent 
for 
temperance  and 

to  enforce 

interest,  and 

T he  modern  revelations  as  to  the 
cause  of  many  of  our  contagious 
diseases  always prove  fruitful  sources 
of  discussion  and 
the 
relations  of  bacteria,  parasites,  and 
other  agents  in  the  production  and 
dissemination  of  disease 
are  ex 
plained  and  illustrated  as  far  as  time 
allows,  together  with  the  approved 
methods  of  controling  and  prevent 
ing  such  outbreaks. 

F ew  people,  however  well 

in 
formed  they  may  be  otherwise,  have 
any  adequate  idea  of 
the  number 
and  importance  of  the  insects  which 
may  be  found  in  our  own  vicinity. 
the  state 
While  the  plant  species  of 
in 
are  numbered  by  hundreds,  our 
sect  species  are  numbered  by 
thous 
ands  and  tens  of  thousands,  and  their 
individual  abundance  and  importance 
realized  when 
may  be  imperfectly 
fleas, 
we  remember  the  myriads  of 
flies,  mosquitoes  and  gnats,  or 
the 
devastating  hordes  of  hessian  flies, 
army-worms 
grasshoppers, 
and 
which  make  life  miserable  and  ag 
riculture  a burden.  Again  most  men 
are  entirely  ignorant  of  the  fact  that 
there  are  hundreds—probably  thous 
ands—of  species  of  useful 
insects, 
that  in  fact  one  of  the  main  restric 
tions  of  our  insect pests is in the  form 
to  their  own 
of  parasites  belonging 
these  dan 
class  which  prey  upon 
gerous  foes. 

T he  immense  number  of  species, 

T HE  M.  A.  C. 

R E C O R D. 

5 

in 

study 

subjectively 

range  of  study 

varied  fields  of  learning  systematic 
ally  and  comprehensively,  which  he 
may 
and  objectively 
employ  in  his  own  way,  culturally 
or  mentally,  to  formulate  and  shape 
life's  habits  and  career.  T he 
his 
broader  his 
the 
greater  must  be  the  number  of  his 
experiences  or  aids  which  he  may 
call  to  his  assistance.  Yet 
this 
short  life-time  of  ours, it can  scarcely 
be  expected  that  we shall do  nothing 
increase  our  mental 
but 
to 
to  be  un 
horizon,  for  it  has  come 
derstood  that  every  man  or  woman 
must  do  something,  must  be  a  pro 
ducer,  must  have  a  vocation,  other 
wise  he  or  she  will  appear 
the 
life-
role  of  a  parasite  fed  by 
blood  of  its  host,  an  entity  with  non 
entity  functions,  perhaps  a  society 
factor  but  a social  scourge.  Conse 
quently 
are 
those 
chosen  for  cultural  and  mental  train 
ing  which  will  bear  directly  on  the 
end  sought.  T h u s,  if  a  student  in 
tended  to  follow  metaphysics,  he 
would  not  spend  his  time  with  pure 

subjects 

only 

the 

in 

knowledge  of  the  principles  involved 
and  of 
that 
practice  is  incompetent  unless  these 
principles  easily  run  to  an  issue. 

their  application,  and 

the 

W h en 

study  of  a 

the  development 

typical 
micro-organism 
is  underway,  while 
there  may  be  no  direct  application 
for  this  single  case,  it  nevertheless 
laws  of 
the  student  what 
teaches 
life  control 
and 
multiplication  of  this  micro-organism. 
This  leads  to  questions  which  arise 
concerning  the  growth  of  bacteria 
in  the  dairy,  where  micro-organisms 
are  so  numerous,  where  they  work 
both  for  evil  and  for  good;  in  the 
soil,  where  they  serve  as  reducers  of 
organic  matter 
forms 
available  to  plants,  where  they  serve 
as  accumulators  of  that  most  valu 
able  element,  nitrogen,  in  conjunc 
tion  with  certain  plants;  in  the  body 
where  they  frequently  give  rise  to 
infec 
those  drastic  disorders  called 
in 
tious  and  contagious  diseases; 
in  one 
water  and  sewerage,  where 
way  and  another 
in 
causing  trouble  in  man  and  animals; 

they  succeed 

into  simpler 

stitions  of  past  generations.  To 
such  all  snakes  are  venomous,  all 
toads  poisonous;  h a w ks  and  owls 
are  all equally  harmful  because  some 
kill  chickens,  and  all  woodpeckers 
are  sap-suckers  since  a  single  species 
sometimes  injures  trees.  T he  king 
bird  must  be  shot  for  eating  bees, 
but  the  crow  may  be  protected  be 
cause  he  devours  insects;  the  martin 
and  swallow  must  not  be  allowed  to 
nest  on  the  house 
lest  they  bring 
bed  bugs,  but  rats  and  mice  (which 
actually  do bring  trichina  to  the  hogs 
and  very  possibly 
fever 
through  the  well  water)  are  left  un 
disturbed  or at  best but  spasmodically 
hunted.  These  and  a thousand  sim 
ilar  errors  and  half-truths  can  be 
eradicated  only  by  careful  and  intel 
ligent  study  and  practical,  palpable 
proof.  Toward  this  the  department 
has  made  a  beginning,  believing  that 
a  few  typical  cases  carefully  worked 
out  and  thoroughly  proved,  will  do 
much  to  break  down  ignorant  pre 
judice,  and  substitute  positive  know 
ledge 
tradition  or  even 
sheer  guess  work. 

for  mere 

typhoid 

In  connection  with  this  work  the 
department  fosters  a Natural  History 
Society  which  meets 
twice  each 
month,  and  also  maintains  a  large 
containing 
and  valuable  Museum 
specimens  of  almost  all  the 
larger 
mammals  and  birds  of  the  state,  to 
gether  with  good  collections  of  fish 
and  reptiles,  and  thousands  of  spec 
inverte 
imens  of  shells  and  other 
brates. 

G E O L O G Y. 

is 

A 

knowledge  of 

the  physical, 
chemical,  and  mineral  composition 
indispensable 
of  the  earth's  crust 
to  scientific  agriculture 
this 
and 
requisite  is  supplied  a_s  far  as  may 
be in  a  single  term  of  elective  work 
the  only 
in  the  senior  year.  As 
available  time  is  during 
the  winter 
term,  little  out-door  work  is  practic 
able,  but  the  class 
is  given  almost 
daily  practice  in  handling  specimens 
of  minerals,  rocks  and  fossils,  and 
the  various  processes  of  soil  forma 
tion  are  fully  discussed  and 
illus 
trated.  T he  coal,  iron,  copper,  salt, 
gypsum,  and  marl  deposits  of 
the 
receive  a  fair  share  of 
state  also 
attention,  with  briefer  mention  of 
sands,  clays,  road-materials,  build 
ing-stones,  etc.  T he 
influence  of 
geological  formation  on  the  water 
supply,  both  surface  and  artesian,  is 
also  noticed.  Owing  to  the  brevity 
of  the  course  and  the  fact  that  most 
of  the  students  have  had  no  previ 
ous  training  in  physical  geography 
is  chiefly 
or  mineralogy  the  work 
along  structural  dynamical  lines  and 
only  a sketch  of  historical  geology 
is  attempted.  T he  department 
is 
well  supplied  with  specimens,  charts 
and  photographs,  and  the  stereopti-
con  is freely  used. 

W A L T ER  B.  B A R R O W S. 

Bacteriology  and  H y g i e n e. 

in 
training,  if 

B A C T E R I O L O GY  A ND  H Y G I E N E. 
Whatever  the  subject  may  be— 
it  cultural  and 
that  subject  has 
is  properly 
it 
mental 
t a u g ht  or  interpreted.  W h e t h er  it 
is the  logic  of  mathematics,  o'f 
lan 
guage  or  the  operative  conduct  of 
little 
some  agricultural  duty  makes 
if 
difference.  Every 
permitted,  will  perform 
its  share 
whether  within  the  college  walls  or 
the 
without,  for  it  is  the  totality  of 
leads 
varied  experiences  which 
to 
training 
cultural  effect.  College 
consists  in  depicting  before  the  stu 
the 
dent's  mind  those 

features  of 

experience, 

In 

have 

These 

in  his 

require 

subjects 

each  of 

examined. 

the  study  of 

and  complicated 
which 
and  which  will  yield  only 

in  various  fermentations  as  cider,  in 
ly  mechanical  studies,  although 
the 
putrefaction  as  meat,  where 
they 
cultural  and  mental  training  is  equal 
act  according  to  the  will  of  man  in 
in  each  case.  He  selects  such  stud 
creating  products  for  his  use,  or 
ies  as  will  help  him 
future 
against  the  will  of  man  in  giving 
their  corollated 
calling  because  of 
rise  to  poisons  found 
in  food  sub-
i 
relation,  and  thus  he  combines  with 
stances—-I  repeat,  this  leads  to  those 
: 
the  cultural  and  mental  discipline 
intrinsic  worth,  and 
questions  of 
i 
the  utilitarian.  By 
this  choice  he 
some  of 
them  are  answered  with 
has  gained  his  purpose.  Another 
the  study  of  each  typical  germ  or 
selection  might  have  been  more  de 
Con-
,  micro-organism 
sirable  from  the  cultural  standpoint, 
nected  with 
the  above 
: 
still  most  men  are  obliged 
to  seek 
phases,cursorily  rnentioned,and  many 
that  which  will  earn  them  a  compe 
>  others  unmentioned,  occur  many 
circumstances 
tence  and  are 
from 
special  problems 
t 
forced  to  place  all  which  does  not 
individual  attention 
aid  them  directly  as  secondary. 
5 
to  the 
1  most  exacting  work  and  investiga 
tions  by  means  of  difficult  methods. 
the  changes 
to-
the  development  and 
this 

this  manner  the  writer 
looks 
upon  the  study  of  Bacteriology  and 
Hygiene  in  connection  with  agricul 
;  T a k i ng 
the 
ture. 
r  wrought  by  micro-organisms 
training  value  as  well  as  other 
l 
taught  with 
subjects  but  they  are 
r 
the  ultilitarian  idea  in  mind;  in  other 
words,  they  are  two  sciences  with 
I 
is  intimately  as 
which  agriculture 
substitute 
sociated.  T h ey 
i 
for  others  but  are  distinct  branches 
s 
of  the  tree  of  agricultural  science. 

science  becomes  great  and  its  extent 
is  far  reaching;  so  broad  is  it  that  it 
the  practices 
dominates  many  of 
found 
Modern 
agriculture. 
in 
hygiene  and  sanitation  and  modern 
dairying  are,  perhaps  it  is not  saying 
too  much,  dependent  upon  the  dict-
in  no 
ates  of  micro  organiims  and 
living 
small  degree  do  these  same 
the 
cells  influence 
the  soil 
soil,  of  plant-life 
the 
in  producing 
nodules  of 
in  ac-
cumulating  nitrogen, 
through  bac-
terial  plant  diseases)  and  other  de 
partments  of  practical  agricultural 
pursuits. 

No  desire  exists  to  create  special 
this 
in 
ists  in  the  courses  offered 
s 
is  to  give 
department,  the  purpose 
e 
topics 
thorough 
s 
which  may-  be  required 
to  under 
stand  the  phenomena  of  nature  and 
i 
immediate  ap 
which  may  be  of 
- 
plication  in  the  numerous  divisions 
s 
Instead  of  placing 
of  agriculture. 
r 
stress  upon  each  subject  of  practical 
II 
principles  which 
import, 
li 
control  every  application  are  dwelt 
t 
thoroughly 
upon  until  sufficiently 
Laboratory  training  in  Bacteriol-
y 
in  mind,  together  with 
established 
ogy, if  only  conducted  from  the  the-
h 
the  applica 
sound 
oretical  standpoint  would  have  its 
i- 
life 
tion  in  any  phase  of  practical 
e 
practical  value, in  that  every  move-
This  is  based 
may  be  easily  made. 
d  ment  must  be  so  gauged  as  to  elim-
competent 
upon 
inate  contamination  and  every  act 
it 
practice  is  the  result  of  a  competent 
the 
it  must  be  so  precise  as 

the  condition  of 
(through 

gether  with 
life-habits, 

the  significance  of 

judgment,  that 

leguminosie 

the  belief 

to  attain 

training 

through 

cannot 

those 

those 

food, 

that 

the 

in 

object  in  view.  Moreover  this  labor 
atory  training  is  practical  in  that 
it 
is  able to  teach  how 
to  manipulate 
micro-organisms  and  to  control  them 
in  their  constant 
relations  to  man 
kind.  Sterilization,  pasteurization, 
disinfection,  and  other 
applicable 
spheres  of  action  are  given  a  con 
crete  significance.  T he  advantage 
of  seeing  these invisible  cells in  their 
conduct  cannot  ,be  over  estimated, 
for  then they  become  as real  as  larger 
life-forms.  T h en  too a  study  of  the 
changes  they  produce  in  substances, 
as  sugar 
into  alcohol,  and  alcohol 
into  acetic  acid,  and  the  conditions 
upon  which  these  changes  depend 
must  be  as  highly  useful  as  to  study 
the  changes  produced  in  the  human 
body  and  the  conditions  upon  which 
these  changes  depend. 

in 

student 

agricultural 

Although  Bacteriology  has  spread 
out  to  vast  dimensions  within 
the 
last  twenty  years  since  it  has  been 
studied  as  an  established  science,  and 
there  are  specialists  in  every  one  of 
its  branches  as  in  other  sciences  yet 
in  the  time  the  student  has an  oppor 
tunity  to  study  it,  a very  good  work 
ing  knowledge  may  be  acquired. 
T he  study  of  Hygiene  is  vital  to 
every 
its 
bearing  upon  the  rural  home  and 
stock  management.  So  well  estab 
lished  are  many  of  the  principles  of 
Hygiene  that  an  exposition  of 
them 
in  their  briefest 
form  is  not  neces 
sary.  An  ignorance  of  them  or  an 
re 
indifference 
the  home 
sults  in  the  loss  of  life 
the  stock. 
and  financial  loss  among 
It  is  easy  to  make  a  mechanical 
device  out  of  the  human  frame 
in 
which  there  is  no  knowledge  of  the 
principles  necessary 
intelligent 
operation,  and 
it  is  possible  to  so 
the  oper 
train  the  human  mind 
ative  principles  of 
life  as  to  render 
this  human  machine  subservient  to 
these  principles  through  the  mind. 

to  them  frequently 

for 

in 

in 

C.  E.  M A R S H A L L. 

Physics. 

and 

room 

lecture 

Students  in  the  agricultural  course 
pursue  the  study  of  physics  for  one 
year.  T he  instruction  is  given  both 
in 
laboratory. 
T h e re  may  be  said  to  be  two  main 
objects  of  the  training:  first  to  equip 
the  student  with 
such  working 
knowledge  of  physical  facts  as  may 
be  used  by  him  in  his  life  w o r k: 
such,  for  example, as electrical  laws, 
laws  of  machines,  etc.  This  aim 
seems  to  us  the  minor  one.  Of  far 
more  value  to  the  student  and  the 
state  is  the  other  aim  which  is  to 
inspire  a  love  of  truth  and  honesty 
for 
their  own  sake;  not  because 
there  may  be  "policy" in  being  hon 
est  or  truthful. 
I  cannot  better  in 
dicate  this  aim  than  by  quoting  from 
an  address  given  by  Prof.  H.  N. 
Rowland,  recently  deceased,  whose 
life  and  work  have  done  much  to 
its 
give  Johns  Hopkins  University 
Speaking 
standing  and  reputation. 
teaching  he 
of  the  aim  of  science 
said—"First  and 
last,  the  scientific 
standard  must  be  upheld  for  the  uni 
versity  man,  be  he  a  student  of  let 
that 
ters,  be  he  a  physicist;  and 
the 
standard  is  the  absolute  truth, 
ultimate  truth. 
' N o t h i ng  imperfect 
is  the  measure  of  anything'."  *  *  *  * 
" B ut  for  myself,  I  value  in  a  scien 
tific  mind  most  of  all  that  love  of 
truth,  that  care  in  its  pursuit,  and 
that  humility  of  mind  which  makes 
the  possibility  of  error  always  pres 
ent  more 
than  any  other  quality. 
This  is  the  mind  which  has  built  up 
modern  science.  * * * * **  This  is 
the  mind  which  is destined  to  govern 
the  world  in  the  future  and  to  solve 

6 

T HE  M,  A.  C.  R E C O R D. 

J U NE  11,  i g or 

problems  pertaining  to  politics  and 
humanity  as  well  as  to  inanimate 
nature.  * * * 
It  is  the  only  mind 
that  values  the  truth  as it  should  be 
valued  and ignores  all personal  feel 
ing  in  its  pursuit.  And  this  is the 
mind  the physical  laboratory  is  built 
to  cultivate." 

However  full  the  ranks  of  any 
trade  or profession  may  be, there  is 
always  room  for  the  honest,  perse 
vering,  humble  minded  citizen.  To 
aid  in the training  of  such  citizens is 
the  chiefest  function,  it  seems  to me, 
of  the subject  of  physics  in the agri 
cultural  course. 

M.  D.  A. 

History  a nd  Economics. 

T he 

social  sciences  of  which 
history,  civics  and  economics  are 
-members  have  had  more  important 
them  in  college  cur 
places  given 
riculum^  in  recent  years 
through 
their  essential  usefulness. 

T he  closer  unifying  of  society 
during  the past  half  century  through 
transportation 
improved  means  of 
and  communication,  the 
increased 
interdependence  of  human  beings 
upon  each  other  through  excessive 
specialization  of  industry  have  made 
it  as interesting  as  it  is  valuable  to 
study 
social 
welfare. 

conditions  of 

the 

T he  beginning  of  this 

sort  of 
study  in  the  agricultural  course  is 
through  English  history  where  the 
development  of  our  social  order  is 
intentionally  emphasized. 
Throughout  another 

term  study 
of  the governmental  apparatus  and 
methods  of  this  country  is  carried 
on  together  with  a  brief  survey  of 
general  political  science. 

in 

this 

these 

In  addition 

is  a  somewhat 

required 
to 
subjects  t wo  full  term  electives are 
course—economics 
offered 
and  advanced  United  States  history. 
This  last  subject  as is  implied  in the 
name 
exhaustive 
study  of  our  growth  as  a  people 
beginning  with  the separation  from 
the  mother  country 
through  the 
revolutionary  war.  T he  guiding 
is  our 
thread 
this  study 
political  development  but 
social, 
economic  and  literary  interests  are 
not  neglected. 

through 

Analysis  and  explanation  of  the 
general  ways  by  which  human 
beings  made 
livings  under 
their 
modern  conditions  are  the  chief 
parts  of  economic  study.  Added  to 
this  is a description  of  the  mechan 
ism  of  modern  industrial  society and 
some  consideration  of  its  problems. 
Perhaps  no single  aim  is more  con 
throughout 
sistently  kept  in  view 
than  to 
the  whole  of 
social 
develop 
consciousness—to  put  him 
intel 
touch  with  modern 
in 
ligently 
civilization. 

this  work 
student 

the 

in 

W I L B UR  O.  H E D R I C K. 

B o t a n y. 

Thirty-five 

years  ago  all  the 
students  at  M.  A.  C. were 
taught 
more  botany  than  was  taught  any 
undergraduates  at  any of  the  Uni 
versities  or  larger  Colleges  in  this 
countrv. 
time  many 
changes  have  been  made,  till  now 
the  agricultural  students  of  this  Col 
lege  spend  over  two  years  in  daily 
work  in  the  study  of  botany,  if we 
count  the  forestry. 

Since 

that 

T he  teachers  of the  botany  placed 
in  the  agricultural  course  believe 
that  the  subjects  should  be  different 
in  some  respects  from  those  usually 
found  in courses  offered  by the  Uni 
versities.  We  aim  to  cater  to  the 

wants  of  young  men w ho are liable 
to  be farmers,  fruit  growers,  garden 
ers  or  workers  in  experiment  sta 
tions.  F or such  persons  we  believe 
that  the study  of some  other  portions 
of  botany  are  of  more 
importance 
than  a  knowledge  of  sea  weeds, 
diatoms,  pond  scums,  lichens,  liver 
worts,  mosses  and  most  of  the toad 
stools 
in  t he 
in  old 
woods. 

found 

logs 

No  extended 

time  is  devoted  to 
learning  all the details  regarding  the 
multiplication  and  growth  of  cells^ 
though 
this  subject  receives  some 
attention. 

From  start  to  finish  one  feature 
is  made  prominent.  AH  students 
must  study  good  specimens  of  plants 
or  parts  of  plants,  merely 
referring 
to  books.  T he  laboratory  method 
prevails,  whether 
the  students  are 
growing  and  studying  seedlings of 
peas,  beans,  corn  or buckwheat,  the 
buds  and twigs  of  trees  and  shrubs, 
the  morphology  of the different  parts 
of  flowers,  in  every  case  an  abund 
preserved 
fresh  or  well 
ance  of 

materials  is  supplied. 

the  structure  of 

For  one term  the students  sit  t wo 
hours  a day,  each  provided  with  a 
compound  microscope  at  his  table 
learning 
roots, 
leaves,  and  other  parts  of  the  higher 
plants. 
In  like  manner  each  works 
a  term  studying  rusts,  musts,  apple 
scab,  black  knot  of  plums,  blights, 
and  mildews,  growing  the  spores, 
making  drawings  and  notes  and 
reading  different  books  and bulletins 
that  are  up  to  date. 
Practice  in 
identifying  plants  is sufficient  to give 
any  person  a start  that  he  can soon 
learn  to perform  the  work  by  him 
self. 

T h ey  study  somewhat  critically, 
grasses,  other 
plants  and 
forage 
weeds;  trees  and  shrubs  are  studied 
with  reference  to their  uses  for  tim 
ber  ornamenting  a  home  or  park. 
Experiments 
physiology 
in  plant 
with  apparatus  in hand  is taken  by a 
portion  of  the  students. 

Ecology,  or  the  w ay  plants  are 
adapted  to  each  other,  and  other 
conditions  and  surroundings  occupies 
much  of  one term  and includes  what 
some  now  call  nature  study.  Stu 
dents  prepare  themselves  to take an 
active  part  in  weekly  meetings  of 
frequent 
the  Botanical  Club,  make 

f  Continued  on  Page  8.) 

Miss  Paddock  has  completed  her 
thesis.  She isolated  six  mold  fungi 
and  six bacteria  from  spoiled  canned 
fruit.  T he  object  of  the  experiment 
was  to determine  the  thermal  death 
point  in order  to  show  whether  the 
spoiling  of  the  fruit  was  due to  a 
carelessness  in canning  or to  heat— 

resistant  forms  of  micro-organisms. 
She  found  that  all  but  two  w e r e5 
killed  at comparatively  low tempera 
tures.  These  two  were  killed  at 
100  degress  centigrade.  T he  whole 
that 
experiment  would  go to  prove 
in  the  majority  of  cases 
spoiling 
is due to carelessness  in  canning. 

Some  R e m a r ks  on  T u s k e g e e. 

[At  our  request,  Mr. Warren  has  hastily 
remarks  on 
jotted  down 
Tuskegee,  which, we know,  will be of much 
interest  to all our readers.  Ed.] 

for  us 

these 

T h e re  are several  interesting  con 
trasts  that  might  be  drawn  between 
Tuskegee  and  M.  A.  C.  In  the 
first  place  Tuskegee  will  not boast 
of  equality  with  M.  A. C.  in  its 
capacity 
work. 
Tuskegee  is  like  a  great  big  boy 
w ho  has  developed  so rapidly  as to 
outgrow  his clothes. 

educational 

for 

N ew  buildings  are  constantly 
being  erected;  new  territory  con 
stantly 
cultivated. 
Development  is continued  all  along 

cleared 

and 

line.  Y et  there  seems  to  be 
the 
the  lack  of  finish  in the general ap 
pearance  of  the place, brought  about 
by 
In 
the  rapidity  of  growth. 
dustry  is the watchword.  T he  first 
rising  bell  rings  at  five-thirty  a. m. 
T he  students'  breakfast  bell  rings  at 
six  o'clock.  T he breakfast  bell  for 
six-fifteen 
the 
o'clock  and  work  begins 
in  the 
various  departments  at  7  o'clock. 

faculty 

rings 

at 

There  are  only  t wo  dining  rooms 
at  Tuskegee—one  for  the  faculty 
and  one for the  students.  Students 
and  teachers  are  not  allowed  mutual 
they 
social  privileges  and  therefore 
are  not allowed  to eat  in  the  same 
dining  room.  T h e re  are  over  a 
hundred  members  of the  faculty and 
more  than  sixteen  hundred  students. 
Perhaps  you  can  imagine  the system 
required  to serve  in twenty  minutes 
such  a  large  number  of  students. 
T h ey  seldom  require  more  than  the 
specified 
Perfect 
twenty  minutes. 
order  is required  before  the blessing 
is pronounced,  which  is done in  song. 
After  singing  the  blessing  perfect 
silence  reigns  until  the  ringing  of 
the  little  electric  bell;  but  just  as 
soon  as the  button 
is  pressed,  the 
buzz  of conversation  and  the  rattling 
of  knives  and  forks,  etc.  fills  the 
dining  room. 

T h e r e is  solittle  privilege  between 
the  students  socially,  that  every  stu 
dent  socially  inclined  makes  the best 
of  every  moment  at the  table,  where 
the  boys  and girls  are  allowed  to sit 
I  wish  I  had  time  to  tell 
together. 
that  may  be  no 
all  the  differences 
ticed  at  Tuskegee. 
I  may have op 
portunity  to do so  later.  T he  rules 

of  deportment  are  interesting;  the 
methods  of  conducting 
labor 
system;  the care  of the  dormitories, 
inter 
and  the societies,  all  present 
esting  features  such  as  you  are not 
apt  to read  in any  magazine. 

the 

T he  work  of  the institution  is  in 
deed 
far  reaching.  Character  as 
well  as knowledge  is fostered  by the 
institution  and the aim is to send out 
men  w ho will  be leaders  among  t he 
men  of  their  own  race.  T h ey  shall 
be  men  and women  strong  mentally, 
physically  and morally,  placing  the 
emphasis  on the morals.  Tuskegee 
stands  as a living  monument  to  the 
untiring,  unceasing  worthy 
founder 
and  principal,  of  whom  the  country 
north  and south  is proud. 

Students  at t he  P a n - A m e r i c a n. 

P R O F.  J.  L.  S N Y D E R, 

than  an  ordinary 

Agricultural  College,  Mich., 
Dear  Sir:—I  am  in  receipt  of  a 
number  of  letters  asking  what, if 
any  arrangements  can  be  made 
whereby  agricultural  students  can 
attend  the  Exposition,  and if  possi 
ble  secure  a position,  or  at  least  be 
kept  during  their  visit  to  the  E x 
position  for a nominal  sum.  H a v i ng 
more 
interest  in 
this  matter,  I  beg  to  say  that  t he 
Exposition  Company  has  provided 
headquarters  on the grounds  for the 
grange  and farmers  generally.  T he 
Grange  officials  have  arranged  with 
the  Keese  Information  Company  to 
provide 
for  visitors  at  nominal 
prices,  ranging  from  50c  for  lodg 
ing,  and 25c and upwards  for  meals. 
T h ey  have  also  made  arrangements 
to  provide  a  camp  for  the  use of 
students  and parties  w ho would  like 
to  visit  the  Exposition.  T he  camp 
accommodates  AOO  or  more  persons. 
It  is particularly  adapted  to the uses 
of  college  students,  quite  a  number 
of  whom  are  already  arranging  for 
a  visit  to the Exposition,  and also  to 
secure  good  accommodations  of  this 
kind.if  Being  anxious  to  have  all  of 
the students of agriculture avail  them 
selves  of  the  opportunities  of  the 
Exposition  to compare  the  agricul 
ture  of  the different  states,  countries 
and  provinces,  I  am  prompted  to 
write  you  this  letter,  which  I  trust 
you  will  bring  to  the  attention  of 
the  students,  in order  that  they may 
avail 
themselves  of  the  arrange 
ments  made  by  the  Grange,  should 
they  care  to  do  so.  A ny  arrange 
ment  should  be made  with  the Keese 
Information  Company,  72  Exchange 
street,  Buffalo,  N. Y. 

In  closing  it may not be amiss for 
me  to call  your  particular  attention 
to  the fact  that  never  has an  Exposi 
tion  paid  as much  attention  to  dairy, 
agricultural  and live  stock  interests, 
as  has the  Pan-American  Exposi 
tion.  Each  of  these  departments 
most  interesting  to students  of  agri 
cultural  colleges  has  been  worked 
up,  and  the  exhibits  will  be  com 
plete  in  every  particular,  affording 
every  facility  for the  student  to make 
such  notes, comparisons  and  studies 
as  he may  see  fit.  Should  any  of 
your  students  visit  the Exposition, I 
should  be personally  pleased  to  meet 
them,  and extend  to them  any cour 
tesy  that  I  may be  able. 

T h a n k i ng  you  in  advance  .for 
bringing  this  matter  to the  attention 
of  your  students,  I  remain, 

Very  truly  yours, 

F.  A.  C O N V E R S E. 

T he  Chemical  Laboratory  has 
just  received  and installed  a very  ser 
viceable  muffle 
furnace  heated  by 
gasoline  under  pressure. 

}UNE  I I, 19OI. 

T HE  M.  A.  C 

R E C O R D. 

7 

I n t e r c o l l e g i a te  F i e ld  D a y. 

Continued  from  Page  1. 
T he  t o t al  n u m b er  of  p o i n ts  w e re 

d i s t r i b u t ed  as  b e l o w. 

SUMMARY  OF  POINTS. 

.

C

.

A

.

M

.
l
a
m

r
o
N

.
t
e
v
i
l

O

T R A CK  E V E N T S. 

220 
440 
§80 

" 
" 
" 

1°0  hurdle 
220  hurdle 
J-Milfi  bike 

-

Stand,  bd. jimrp-
Run.  bd.  j u m p --
Hop,  step,  j u m p-

Shot 

.

o
o
z
a
m
a
l
a
K

1 
T 
5 

. .. 

... 

.
e
l
a
d
s
l
l
i

H

3 
1 
5 

3 

5 
5 
1 

1 

3 
1 
1 

.

n
o
i
b
l
A

6 
1 

4 
3 

1 
3 
3 

5 
3 

.  5 
8 
3 
3 

5 

1 
5 
8 
4 
8 
6 
5 
8 
6 

1 

1 

3 

* i 
5 

1 

3 
5 
4 

Total 

29 

39 

8 

75 

17 

19 

INDOOR  M E E T. 

W r e s t l i n g: 

Featherweight 

W e l t e r w e i g ht 
Middleweight. 
H e a v y w e i g ht  -

5 
5 
5 

5 
5 
3 
3 

5 

3 
3 

3 
3 
8 

Total 

15 

21 

20 

TENNIS. 

= 

Men's  doubles_.-
Men's  singles 
Ladies'  doubles. _ 
Ladies'  singles  - -

5 
5 
5 
5 

1 
"3" 
3 

T 

3 
3 
1 

Total 

20 

7 

1 

7 

G r a nd  T o t a l . . .. 

64 

36 

9 

103 

37 

12 

M.  A.  C,  1 0 3; A l b i o n,  6 4;  N o r 
m a l s,  3 7; H i l l s d a l e,  3 6;  O l i v e t,  1 2; 
H i l l s d a l e,  9.  T h r ee 
r e c o r ds  o n ly 
w e re  b r o k e n,  o w i ng  to  t he cold  d ay 
a nd  s t r o ng  w i nd  on  F r i d a y, 
t he 
120  h u r d l es  in  17 sec.  by  D e P e w. 
H i l l s d a le  w as one-fifth  second 
l o w er 
t h an  t he  r e c o r d,  b ut it  d id  n ot  s t a nd 
as  he k i c k ed  d o wn 
t wo  h u r d l es  at 
t he  finish. 
D e P ew 

t he  2 20  h u r d le 
r e c o rd  in  26 four-fifths  sees,  w h i ch  is 
one-fifth  s e c.  b e t t e r. 

b r o ke 

T he  h a m m er  w as  t h r o wn  1 1 3^ 
f e et  by  E d m u n ds  of Y p s i l a n t i,  b r e a k 
i ng  t he  r e c o rd  by  18  feet. 

it 

T h e se  t h r ee  r e c o r ds  w e re  all  m a de 
on  S a t u r d ay  w h en 
t u r n ed  off 
s o m e w h at  w a r m er  a nd  this  o ut  of  a 
t o t al  of  o n ly  six e v e n ts  r un  off 
t h at 
d a y.  As t he  result  of  F r i d ay  m o r n 
i ng  M. A.  C.  h ad  -26  p o i n ts  a nd 
H i l l s d a le  s e c o nd  w i th  1 3.  At  s u p 
p er 
t i me  M.  A. C.  h ad 64  p o i n ts  on 
t r a ck  w o rk  a nd H i l l s d a le  s e c o n d,  17. 
A l b i on  w as 16. 

B A SE  B A L L. 

On  F r i d ay  a f t e r n o on  O l i v et  a nd 
i n t e r e s t i ng 

A l b i on  p l a y ed  a  m o st 
g a m e,  w i th  O l i v et  t he g e n e r al  f a v o r 
ite  a nd  in  t he  lead  by  5  to  2  up  to 
t he  n i n th  i n n i n g,  w h en  A l b i o n - m a de 
a  D e t r o it 
four 
r u n s,  t h us  w i n n i ng  by  6  to 5. 

finish  by  p i l i ng  up 

T he  final  g a me  b e t w e en  Y p s i l a n ti 
a nd  A l b i on  c a me  off  S a t u r d ay  after 
n o on  after  t he  r e l ay 
r a c e.  A l b i on 
c a me  to  t he  b at  first,  a nd  by  g o od 
b a t t i ng  a nd a  g r a nd  ascension  on t he 
p a rt  of  t he  N o r m a l s , r o l l ed  in  e l e v en 
i n n i ng  to  t he  w i ld 
r u ns  in  t he  first 

first, 

d e l i g ht  of  A l b i o n 's  r o o t e r s.  B a r r i ng 
t he 
t he  g a me  w as a  g o od  o ne 
to  l o ok  at, b ut t he e n t h u s i a sm  of t he 
c h e e r e rs  f or  Y p s i l a n ti  h ad  r e c e i v ed 
t h ey  o n ly  at 
a  s e t b a ck 
i n t e r v a ls  r e c o v e r e d.  T he  g a me  w as 
by  a  s c o re  of  16  to  5,  w i th 
finished 
A l b i on  a g a in 
t he  w i n n e r,  m a k i ng 
t he  s e c o nd  y e ar  of  b a se  b a ll  v i c t o ry 
for  t he  B r a c k e tt  c u p. 

f r om  w h i ch 

C.  O.  B E M I E S. 

A b o ut  t he  C a m p u s. 

M i ss  K e l l er  l e c t u r ed  W e d n e s d a y, 
on  " F ra A n g e l i c o ,"  b e f o re  t he  class 
in  t he H i s t o ry  of A r t. 

M r.  A.  H.  T a y l o r,  h as  c o m p l e t ed 
t he  F r e n ch  of 

his  t r a n s l a t i on  f r om 
T i s s i n g h 's  n ew treatise  of  O p t i c s. 

M r s.  O.  R.  B a l d w in  of  D e t r o i t, 
w ho  w as  v i s i t i ng  h er  s o n,  R u s s e ll 
H.  B a l d w i n,  ' 0 4, r e t u r n ed  h o me  last 
T u e s d a y. 

5 

P r o f.  J.  J.  F e r g u s on 

a d d r e s s ed 
S a l em  F a r m e r s'  C l u b, 
t he  W e st 
W e d n e s d ay 
a f t e r n o o n,  on  " O p p o r 
t u n i t i es  in  t he  L i ve  S t o ck  B u s i n e s s ." 

a d d r e s s ed 

P r o f.  W h e e l er 

t he 
P i o n e er  S o c i e ty  at  its 
M i c h i g an 
a n n u al 
in  t he  S e n a te 
C h a m b e r,  S t a te  C a p i t o l,  W e d n e s 
d ay  e v e n i n g,  on  "  T he  E a r ly  F l o ra 
a nd  F a u na  of  M i c h i g a n ." 

c o n v e n t i on 

E.  M.  S h e l t o n , ' 7 1,  p r e s i d e nt  a nd 
t r e a s u r er  of  t he  P r o v i d e nt  S e c u r i ty 
a nd  T r u st  C o m p a n y,  116  M a r i on 
s t r e e t,  S e a t t l e,  W a s h .,  w as  f o r m e r ly 
p r o m i n e n t ly  c o n n e c t ed  w i th  v a r i o us 
A g r i c u l t u r al  c o l l e g es in this  c o u n t r y, 
r e t u r n ed 
J a p an  a nd  A u s t r a l i a.  He 
t h r ee 
to  t he  U n i t ed  S t a t es  a b o ut 
y e a rs  a g o. 
to  D r.  B e al 
In  w r i t i ng 
u n d er  d a te  of  M ay  3 0,  he  a l l u d es  to 
his  p r e s e nt  w o rk  as f o l l o w s:  " S i n ce 
l a n d i ng  on t h e se  s h o r es  I  h a ve  j o i n ed 
t he  g r e at  A m e r i c an  d o l l ar  h u nt  a nd 
this  at t he  p r e s e nt  o c c u p i es  me  to t he 
e x c l u s i on  of  all  t h o se  m a t t e rs  e v en  in 
w h i ch  I  am  v e ry  m u ch  m o re 
e s t e d. 
d a y,  b ut  am  p l e a s ed 
t h is  w o rk 
say  t h at 
r e s u l t s ." 
financial 

i n t e r 
I  am  w o r k ed  n ow  n i g ht  a nd 
to  be  a b le 
to 
is  n ot  w i t h o ut 

P r o f.  C.  D.  S m i th  d e l i v e r ed  an 
a d d r e ss  at  S y r a c u s e,  N.  Y .,  b e f o re 
t he  A m e r i c an  A s s o c i a t i on  of  H o l-

When  in need  -T  — 

FINE  STATIONERY,  INVITATIONS 

or  C A R D S 

CALL ON 
Lawrence  & Yan Buren  Printing Co. 

Lansing  Mich. 

122 Ottawa  St. E. 
FULL  MEASURE AND 
GOOD  GRADES. 
THE  RIKERD  LUMBER 6 0. 
C A LL  A ND S EE  T H E M. 

s t e i n - F r i s i an  B r e e d e r s,  on t he  " R e l a 
tion  of  F e e d i ng  to  F o rm  a nd  P e r 
f o r m a n c e ,"  W e d n e s d a y,  J u ne  5. 

D r.  B e a l, 

P r o f e s s or  W h e e l e r, 
M r.  L o n g y e ar  a nd  a  n u m b er  of  s t u 

d e n ts  w e nt  on  a  b o t a n i z i ng  e x p e d i 
tion  to  t he C h a n d l er  f a r m,  S a t u r d a y. 
A  n u m b er  of  s t u d e n ts 
e s p e c i a l ly 
i n t e r e s t ed 
a c c o m p a n i ed 
t he  e x p e d i t i o n. 

in  f o r e s t y, 

SIMONS  DRY GOODS CO. 

We 
i n v i te  y o ur 
to  o ur  N ew  L i ne  of  .

a t t e n t i on 
. 

.. 

Ladies' and Misses'  SUltS,  Jackets  and  SkiftS. 

N EW  " G R I F F I N"  L I NE  of 

S P E C I AL  S A LE  of 

Shirt  Waists 
a nd  colored  75c  to  $5.00 

In  w h i te 

Foulard  Silks 

8 8c  p er y a rd  f or  $ 1 . 28  q u a l i t y. 

5 9c  p er y a rd  f or  7 5c  q u a l i t y. 

Simons  Dry Goods Co. 

T h r ee  F l o o rs 

1 s t,  D ry  G o o d s;  2 d,  S u i t s;  3 d,  C a r p e ts 

E l e v a t o r. 

Furniture  Headquarters. 

C O H P L E TE  L I NE  OF  F U R N I T U RE  F OR  S T U D E N T S'  R O O MS 

Woven  Wire  Springs  at 
Woven  Wire  Cots at 
Mattresses  at 
Chairs at 
Arm  Chairs  at 
Students  Tables at 

$1.50,  $2.00 a nd $2.50 
$1.50,  $2.00  a nd $2.50 
$1.75,  $2.00,  $2.50 up 
50c,  60c, 75c  up 
$1.50,  $1.75,  $2.00 up 
§1.50,  $1.75,  $2.00 

fl.  J. & B. fl. Buck. 

You  know 
The  Spaulding  Sweater 

is  t he athletic  sweater  of  this  country. 
While  they  may cost  a  trifle  more  t h an 
other  makes,  they  are  t he  cheapest  on 
account  of  t he additional  wear. 

WE  HAVE  A COMPLETE  LINE 

OF  T HE M. A. C.  SWEATERS  at  $3-75  "" $4-50 

Also  a  nice  assortment  of  SPAULDING  JERSEY  SWEATERS. 

We  are showing  the most  beautiful  line  of  Negligee  Shirts  ever  brought  to  this  City. 

Elgin  flifflin. 

y V ' ^ V ' W ' V ' ^ V ^ ' u ^ V V V V ^ ' ^ ' ^ ' V S ' V ^ S . ' v . ^ ^ r . / S / ^ ' V V V ^ ^ S , ^^ 

T he  m a in 

i t em  in  S t o v es  is  to 

g et 

t he  best  f or  t he  l e a st  m o n e y. 

We  h a ve  t he nicest  a s s o r t m e nt  e v er 

in  t he  c i t y. 

S t e el  R a n g es  $ 1 8 . 00 

to  $ 4 0 . 0 0;  C a st  C o ok  S t o v es  w i th 

R e s e r v o ir  $ 1 6 . 00 

to  $ 2 5 . 0 0;  B a se 

B u r n er 

C o al 

S t o v es 

$ 2 5 . 00 

to 

$ 4 0 . 0 0;  Soft  C o al  A i r - T i g ht  S t o v es 

$ 1 2 . 00  to  $ 1 8 . 0 0;  A i r - T i g ht  W o od 

S t o v es  $ 5 . 00 

to  $ 9 . 0 0;  N i ce  O il 

E v e r y o ne 
H e a t e rs  $ 3 . 25  to  $ 4 . 0 0. 
of  t h em  f u l ly  g u a r a n t e e d.  A  n i ce 

l i ne  of  P o c k et  C u t l e ry  R a z o r s. 

S h e a r s,  in  f a ct  a n y t h i ng  n e e d ed  in 

t he  H a r d w a re  L i ne  y ou  w i ll  f i nd  it 

a nd  at  prices  to  s u it  y o u, at 

NORTON'S  HARDWARE, 

The  "Rugby"! 

N ew  R u g by  last,  h e a vy  e x t e n s i on  i 

soles,  r o pe  s t i t c h ed  clear  a r o u nd  t he  % 

h e e l,  m a de  in  t an a nd b l a ck  R u s s i an  5 

calf,  also  in  p a t e nt  l e a t h e r. 

> 

Oxfords 

M a de  in  s a me  s t y l es  f or  s u m m er  j 
w e a r, 
b r o u g ht  o u t. 

t he  " s w e l l e s t" 

t h i ng  y et 

Prices $3.50  to  $5.00 

C.  D. WOODBURY,  M O L L I S T ER  B L O C K; 

> 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
T HE  M.  A.  C. 

R E C O R D. 

J U NE 

1 9 0 1. 

B o t a n y. 

[ C o n t i n u ed  from  Page  6.] 

invasions  in  the  neighborhood,  visit 
the  orchards,  fields  and  gardens,  the 
woods,  the  arboretum  and 
the  bo 
tanic  garden,  often  accompanied  by 
a  teacher  to  observe  and  study  defin 
ite  topics  with  the  view  to  reporting 
the  results  in  the  class  room. 

Botany  is  better  taught  each  suc 
ceeding  year,  as  new  methods  and 
new  discoveries  make 
it  possible. 
No  science  is  making  greater  pro 
gress  than  botany. 

w,  j.  B. 

Mathematics  and  Civil  Engineer 
i n g. 

T he  course 

in  mathematics 

for 
students  in  agriculture  is  as  follows: 
T he  first  term  of  the  Freshman 
year  is  devoted 
the  elementary 
to 
operations  of  algebra,  the  subjects 
of 
common 
multiple,  highest  common  divisor, 
fractions,  powers  and  roots,  equations 
containing  one  or  more  unknown 
quantities. 

factoring, 

lowest 

In  the  second  term  of  the  "Fresh 
man  year  are  given 
the  subjects, 
harder  factors,  indices,  surds,  qua 
dratic  equations,  ratio  and  propor 
logarithms. 
tion,  progressions,  and 
Instruction  is  given  in  plane  and 
solid  geometry.  T he  courses  extend 
over  the  third  term  of  the  Fresh 
man  year  and  the  first 
the 
Sophomore  year.  T he  effort  will 
not  be  so  much  toward  covering  a 
given  amount  of  ground  as  toward 
the 
developing,  on 
student,  the  power  of 
independent 
reasoning. 

the  part  of 

term  of 

term  of 

Plane  Trigonometry 

in 
is  given 
the  Sophomore 
the  third 
is  used 
year. 
T he  ratio  system 
exclusively,  and  much  attention 
is 
given  to  the  practical  applications  of 
the  plane  trigonometry.  Land  sur 
in  the  same  term. 
veying  is  studied 
T he 
study  of  surveying  re 
first 
quired  of  agricultural  students,  is  a 
term 
short  course  given  in  the  third 
of  the  Sophomore  year,  in  which  is 
the  simpler 
presented  as  much  of 
operations 
angular 
line 
measurement  as can  be  crowded  into 
two  hours  per  week  of  meeting  in 
the  class  room,  and  two  hours  per 
field.  A 
week  in  the 
text-book  is 
used,  but  the 
larger  part  of  class 
instruction  is  by  lectures. 

and 

of 

methods  studied  to  city,  topograph 
ical  and  railroad  surveying. 

Another  elective  course,  given  in 
the  winter  term  treats  principally  of 
systems  of  drainage,  construction 
and  improvement  of  highways  and 
ordinary  highjvay  bridges. 
This 
course  must  be  precedgd_by  all  the 
courses  outlined  above. 

H.  K.  V E D D E R .. 

D r a w i n g. 

It  is  now  a  well  recognized  fact 
is  a 
that  some  training  in  drawing 
necessary  part  of  the  training  of  the 
well  equipped  scientist.  T he  one 
who  has  the  ability  to  illustrate  his 
notes,  or  to  enforce  a  point  by  a 
timely  sketch,  finds  it  very  useful, 
while  the  one  who  has  it  not  never 
ceases  to  regret  the  lack  of  it, 
In  the  study  of  many  of 
sciences  drawing 

the  nat 
ural 
been 
found  to be  of  great  service  in  train 
ing  and  developing  the  faculty  of 
observation  and  strengthening 
the 
power  of  concentration. 

has 

Realizing 

the  April  course 

these  facts  all  of 

the 
science  schools  either  have  drawing 
as  an  entrance  requirement  or  place 
first 
it  in  the  curriculum  among  the 
studies.  Free-hand 
has 
drawing 
been  a  required  study  in  the  Fresh 
for 
man  year  of 
something  like  twenty  years.  T he 
work  extends 
the  winter 
term,  a  period  of  two  hours  each 
day.  T he  aim  is  to  give  a  sound 
basis  for  future  work  and  make  the 
training  as  practical  as  possible. 
We  draw  from  objects 
the 
first,  trying  to  work  out  and  under 
stand  the  elements  of  perspective. 
It  is  really  a  training  in  seeing  and 
making  a  simple graphic  representa 
in  line  of  what  one  sees. 
tion 

through 

from 

As  our  men  so often  go  into  lines 
of  work  where  a  knowledge  of  pro 
in  vari 
cesses  in  making  drawings 
ous  mediums  for  graphic 
reproduc 
tion  and  a  knowledge  of  engraving 
processes  would  be  very  convenient 
there  is  a  demand  for  elective  work 
in the  junior  or  senior  year  of  a  na 
ture  similar  to  that  given  the  Junior 
girls  to  graphic  arts,  only  of  a  more 
is  contem 
technical  character. 
plated 
the 
into 
introducing 
course. 

It 
this 

W.  S.  H o L D S W O R T H, 

Veterinary  Science. 

In 

the 

the  student  "learns 

T he  ground  covered 

field  work  a  series  of 
problems  (practical  ones,  not  useless 
solved, 
geometric  curiosities)  are 
to  do  by 
and 
doing." 
is 
indicated  by  the  final  test  required 
of  each  member  of 
the  class,  i.  e., 
field  notes,  and  a  map  of  an  irregular 
tract,  from  personal  survey,  which 
must 
specified 
limits. 

" c l o s e"  within 

In 

term  of 

T he  principles  of  leveling  receive 
some  attention 
in  this  course,  but 
there  is  not  time  for  much  practice. 
the  course 
Those  who  complete 
generally  know  how  to  make  with 
accuracy  ordinary  farm  surveys  for 
area,  drainage,  etc. 
the  fall 

the  Senior 
year,  agricultural  students  may  elect 
a  course  in  advanced  surveying,  in 
which  particular  attention  is  given 
in  govern 
to  methods  employed 
ment 
grading 
drainage,  and  computation  of  simple 
This 
problems 
course 
study  of 
surveying  methods, 
in  which  all 
necessary  refinements  and  cautions 
into 
for  avoiding  error  are 
is 
Considerable 
account. 
the 
the  application  of 
taken  of 

is  essentially  a 

subdivision, 

earthwork. 

notice 

taken 

land 

in 

to 

and 

T he  object  of  this  department,  in 
connection  with 
the  Agricultural 
Course,  is  to  give  to  those  young 
men  who  expect  to  return 
the 
farm,  or  who  expect  to be  associated 
with  animals,  a  general  idea  of  the 
the 
anatomy 
physiology  of 
domesticated  animals;  also  of 
the 
diseases  which  affect  these  animals, 
and 
T he  sopho 
mores  receive  thirty  lectures  which 
deal  principally  with  the  more  com 
mon diseases;  their  causes,  symptoms 
and  treatment.  T he  importance  of 
prevention  is  emphasized. 

treatment. 

their 

throughout 

T he  course  for  the  seniors  is  elec 
tive,  and  extends 
the 
year.  T he  object  of  the  course  is 
not  to  produce  finished  veterinarians, 
but  rather  equip  the  young  men  for 
a  more  intelligent  handling  of  the 
animals  in  order  to  prevent  disease; 
for  a  quicker  recognition  of  disease; 
to  give  rational  treatment  in  case  of 
many  of  the  minor  disorders  and  to 
act  as  intelligent  nurses  in  all  cases 
of  disease.  An  endeavor  is  made  to 
make  the  course  as  practical  as  pos 
sible  for  the  young  men  who 
look 
forward  to  becoming  practical  fgri-
culturists. 

G.  A,  Yv". 

We  Welcome 

THE  STUDENTS'  RETURN  AT  THE M.  A.  C. 

It  gives  new  life  to  the  Capital  City.  We  cordially  invite  all  to  m a ke 
their  home  at  our  store.  M r.  H o m er  Burton  and  Mr.  A r t h ur  H a rt  wili 
make  daily  trips  to  every  one  who  desires  to  see  them  on  the  M.  A.  C. 
grounds  or  in  the  vicinity. 
If  you  are  not  called  upon  drop  us  a  postal 
and  we  will  call.  Samples  sent  on  application. 

We  Guarantee  Satisfaction. 

Visit  Donsereaux's Department Store. 

and the Donsereaux  GlotMng and Gro6eru Store. 

312  to  320  Washington  Ave.  South. 

One  door  south  of  Hotel  D o w n e y. 

CHAS.  A.  PIELLA  .  . 
JEWELER  AND  OPTICIAN. 

DIAMONDS,  WATCHES,  JEWELRY,  CLOCKS, 
SILVERWARE,  ART  GOODS. 

Repairing  Nneatly  Done. 

121 W a s h i n g t on  A v e.  N .,  L a n s i n g,  M i c h. 

ALL  MEATS 

May  look  a l i ke  to  you,  b ut  t h e re  is  a 
very  g r e at  difference  in  t he  quality  we  h a n 
t h at  sold  by  s o me  other  m a r k e t s. 
dle  a nd 
We  h a n d le  n o ne  but 
t he  v e ry  best.  L i ke 
in 
t he  p u d d i n g,  t he  proof  of  good  m e a ts 
the  e a t i n g.  A  trial  will  convince  you  that 
you  o u g ht  to  t r a de  with  u s. 

is 

We  make  daily  trips  to  the  College. 
BOTH  P H O N E S.  Careful  attention  given  to 

'phone orders. 

GOTTLIEB 

REUTTER. 

Washington  Ave. South. 

DIRECTORY  I 

FURNITURE 

DEALERS 

J.  &  B.  M.  BUCK.—Furniture.  Cor.  Wash 
ington  Avenue and  Ionia  Street.  See ad. 

LANSING BUSINESS and 
PROFESSIONAL  M E N ^ ** 

T he  n a m es  in  this  Directory,  as  well  as 
those  of  all  o ur  o t h er  a d v e r t i s e r s, a re  of  reli 
able  p a r t i e s.  We  h o pe  t h at  t he  faculty  a nd 
s t u d e n ts  will  t a ke  p a i ns  to  patronize  those 
who  patronize  u s. 

ARCHITECTS. 

W JUDD  CUMINGS—Architect.  Sparta, -Mich. 

Rural  architecture  a specialty.  Patronage of 

M.  A. C. men  solicited. 

BARBERS. 

H.  WOOD—Barber.  106  Michigan  Avenue  E. 
College work  especially solicited. 

J 

BOOKS  AND 

STATIONERY. 

CITY  BOOK  STORE.  Fountain  Pens,  Drafting 

Tools,  Stationery,  Cards  Engraved,  Pictures 
and  Picture  Framing.  Tennis, Football  and Base 
ball goods.  Crotty Bros., 206 Wash. Ave.  N, 

LANSING  BOOK  A ND  P A P ER  CO.  Water 

man  and  Sterling  Fountain  Pens,  Stationery, 
Pictures,  Frames, Wall  Paper.  120 Wash. Ave.  N. 

BICYCLES 

AND  ELECTRICAL 

SUPPLIES. 

APITOL  ELECTRIC  CO. 

BOOTS  AND 

SHOES. 

c  D.  WOODBURY.— Boots  and  Shoes.  We 

shoe the students.  See ad. 

CLOTHING. 

Hats  and Caps.  112 Washington  Ave.  North. 

LOUIS  BECK.—Clothier.  Gents'  Furnishings, 
H KOSITCHEK  A-  BRO.—Clothing  and  Dry 

.  Goods.  113  Wash.  Ave.  N. 

210  Wash. 

Ave.  S. 

CROCKERY  AND 

GLASSWARE. 

H  H.  LARNED.—China,  Glass  and  Lamps. 

105 Washington  Ave. S. 

DENTISTS. 

R W.  MORSE, D. D. S. 
D E.  PARMELEE—Dentist.  218  Washington 

Hollister  Block, Room 617. 

Ave.  S„ Lansing,  Mich. 

DEPARTMENT 

STORE. 

ONSEREAUX'S  D E P A R T M E NT  STORE 
is  the  place  to  trade.  You  can  get  a  warm 

lunch  in  our  cafe  for  10c.  See ad. 

DRUGGISTS. 

ROUSER'S  CAPITAL  DRUG  STORE.  Up  to 

date.  Corner  store.  Opposite Hollister  Block. 

DRY  GOODS. 

SIMONS  DRY  GOODS  COMPANY.  — Dry 

Goods and Carpets.  See ad. 

FURNISHING  GOODS. 

LGIN  MIFFLIN.—Ladies'  and  Gentlemen's 
Furnishing  Goods.  See  ad. 

E 

HACK  AND  BAGGAGE 

LINES. 

O RDER  your  hacks  for  parties  at  Carr's  Hack 

Line.  Livery  in connection.  410  Washington 

Ave.  N. 

HARDWARE, 

STOVES  AND 

TINWARE. 

Ill  Washington  Ave. South.  See  ad. 

Stoves,  Tinware,  Graniteware,  Cutlery,  etc. 

N ORTON'S HARDWARE—General Hardware, 
J ACOB  STAHL  &  SON,-Wholesale  and  Re 

tail  Hardware  and  House  Furnishings.  211 
and  213 Washington  Avenue  North. 

HARNESS, 

TRUNKS,  ETC. 

J W.  EDMOND'S  SONS—Keep  the  finest  stock, 

of  Trunks, Traveling  Bags, Pocket  Books  and 
Leather  Goods  in  the  city.  Also  a  full  line  of 
harness and  horse goods.  Repair shop in  connec 
tion.  107 Washington  Ave. south. 

INSURANCE. 

THE  DYER-JENISON-BARRY  CO.,  LTD., 

Incorporated) Hollister  Block.  All  kinds of  the 

best insurance.  Strongest  agency in  city.' 

JEWELERS. 

B P.  RICHMOND—Watchmaker,  Jeweler  and 

Engraver.  200-202 Washington  Avenue  N. 

LAUNDRIES. 

THE  VANGORDER  PALACE  LAUNDRY.  Col 

lege  agents, Rudolph  and  Mills.  S. P.  Lantz, 

Prop. 
rP A K V O R I AN  & JEWELL.—Agents  for  STAR 
LAUNDRY.  We return  your  work  on  Thurs 
1 
day p.  m.  Either  high  polish  or  dull  finish.  No 
saw-edge collars. 

MANICURE  AND 

HAIRDRESSING. 

M RS.  O.  T.  CASE—Mauicure and  Hairdressing 

Parlors.  Mascjuerade  wigs  for  rent.  AB 
styles of  hair  goods  in  stock  or  manufactured  on 
short notice.  New  'phone  118.  222^4 Washington 
Avenue S.,  up stairs. 

MERCHANT  TAILORS. 

trade solicited.  Opposite Hotel Downey, North. 

WOODBURY  &  SAVAGE.—Tailors.  Student 
JOHN  H E R R M A N N 'S  SONS.  Fine  Tailoring. 

218 Washington  Avenue  N. 

MUSIC,  PIANOS, 

ETC. 

HE  POST & BRISTOL CO.  Pianos and every-
thing in  the  line  of  music  and  musical  instru 
ments.  219 Washington  Ave.  N.t  Lansing, Mich. 

OCULISTS. 

J OSEPH  FOSTER,  M. D.—Eye,  Ear,  Nose and 

Throat.  Hours  9  to  12 A.  M.  City  National 

Bank  Building, Lansing, 

PHYSICIANS. 

A D.  HAGADORN,  M. D.—Office  hours,  11  to 

12 A. M.,  2 to  4  and 7 to 8 P. M.  Office  at  212 

Washington Avenue S.;  home 419 Seymour St. 

RESTAURANTS. 

GILBERT  M.  HASTY,  Proprietor  Hasty's 

Gem  Lunch.  Best  meals  and  lunches  in  the 

city.  Quiet place for  adies.  118 Wash. Ave. S,