gu 9IL a ©. fR /• eoor 1 / O. V O L. 6. L A N S I N G, M I C H I G A N, T U E S D A Y, J U NE 25, 1901. N o. 3S. T he Baccalaureate Sermon. T he exercises for commencement week were opened by t he bacca laureate sermon, which was deliv ered Sunday, J u ne 16, at 3:30, in the Armory by the Reverend David in the R. Breed, D. D., Professor Western Seminary, Allegheny, P a. Theological T he platform which was dec orated with bunting and palms, was occupied by a double quartette under the charge of Mrs. Marshall, the speaker, President Snyder, and the Reverends G e o. F. Plummer, R. C. Dodds and J. H. Pound. After the seniors had marched in and taken the seats assigned them, the following programme was ren dered : V o l u n t a r y; Gloria P a t r i; Invoca tion, the R e v. R. C. Dodds; A n them, " Daughter of Zion," Lowell Mason, double quartette; Scripture Reading, the R e v. R. C. D o d d s; Prayer, the R e v. J. H. P o u n d; A n t h e m, " Hear My P r a y e r ," Sudds, Double Quartette. that Then followed the sermon. Doc tor Breed chose for his subject, "A W o r k i ng T h e o r y ." He began by congratulating the graduates upon the completion of their College course. He said they must have some guiding principle, some working theory that would be of practical service to them in their life-work. He took for his text 1 Timothy I V, S; " F or bodily exer cise profiteth little; but Godliness is profitable unto all things, having promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come." H e re is said, a good found, the speaker working It is a vicious heresy that only a few can rise to the top. theory. "Men at some time are masters of their fates. The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, But in ourselves, that we are underlings," In this quotation from the great major poet is found the true philos ophy of success. T h e re are three ways of becoming great, the speaker held, and these are by luck, by inheri tance, and by achievement. To trust to luck or opportunity would not make a good working theory. So that many who trust to luck forget the opportunity goes for nothing unless it can be taken advantage of. Trusting in advantages of birth for success would not make a good working theory. T h e re remains but one way then to win success and that is to achieve it. Dr. Breed then discussed various theories for the achievement of suc cess. He said that to rely on brains for the achievement of success is to adopt the worst possible working theory. has not any brains, and upon the man who thinks he has brains. T he worst failures have been men w ho had great brains. Washington was not a genius; he was a success. Napo leon was a great genius, but a miser able failure. It is bad on t he man w ho Intellect without godliness is use less. Godliness is the first element It is more of the working theory. than negative; it has power, real power—physical, mental, moral. T he reason for this is that moral Intellect elements are intellectual. is the biggest part of brains; and morality is the largest part of intel lect. " T he fear of God is the be It is foolish ginning of wisdom." If one is w r o ng not to fear God. intellectually. morally he is wrong T he foundation of business success is credit and credit is a moral quality. Painstaking labor, the speaker said, is the only sure way to success. If a man cultivates godliness and has the fear of God he is independent of opportunity. Frequently the best opportunity is the lack of op portunity. Look at Moses — an exile, deprived of the opportunity of residence in his native land; the op portunity came to him to be the founder of a nation and t he mouth piece of God. Paul lost the oppor tunity to become the greatest law yer in Jerusalem, only to have the opportunity to become the apostle to the Gentiles. T he lack of op portunities made Abraham Lincoln's early efforts these failures led him to study law and opened the way to his later great successes. failures; but Godliness has promise for the life that is to that now is. T he life come is incomparably the more im portant. F or that life the working rule of godliness has great promise. We must have a working theory that will pilot us safely into the har bor of our heavenly home, as the speaker saw the little tug " H a z e l" piloting the great steamer " North land " into the harbor at Traverse tiieoiy, If we have such a Bay. then we may hope, in the words of Tennyson, to " meet our Pilot face to face when we have crossed the b a i ." T he congregation then sang the hymn, "Jesus Shall R e i g n ," and the Reverend George F. Plummet pronounced the beautiful benedic tion from the Episcopal service. v. E. B. Meeting of State Board of Agricul ture. T he regular meeting of the State Board of Agriculture occurred J u ne 19-20 and 21, with all members pres ent. T he long delayed reorganization of the Board resulted in the re-elec tion of all the old officers for the two years ending F e b. 22, 1903, viz: H o n. T. F. Marston, Bay City, President, H o n. C . J. Monroe, South Haven, Vice-president, A. C. Bird, Secretary, B. F. Davis, Lansing, Treasurer. Contracts were awarded as fol lows: Military uniforms, to Morgan- Puhl & Morris, Detroit. Bitumi nous coal to the General Hocking Fuel Company, Columbus, O. and Castner, Curran & Bullitt, Chicago. Anthracite coal to A. B. Knowlson, Grand Rapids. Prof. Mumford w as authorized to purchase for the Farm Depart ment one team of horses, one Short horn bull, one Aberdeen A n g us cows, two bull, Gurnsey cows, two Ayrshire cows and one Jersey cow. three Hereford T he resignation of H u go Diemer, Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering was accepted to take effect August 1st. following resolution was T he adopted: T h at the Board favors and requests exhibits at the coming State Fair at I'ontiac from such depart ments as will best show the work done at the college: the extent and manner of such exhibits to be left to the heads of the respective depart ments exhibiting. T he system of electric wiring in following repairs were au thorized: Finishing reflooring of Wells Hall in hardwood. Chang ing Wells and Williams Halls. I m provement of outside electric wiring. Repainting and repapering College throughout. T he outside H a ll painting of hospital and Station Terrace. Erection of stand pipes on dormitories for fire protection. T he following resolution w as lands adopted: T h at all College now out of the market and which have been reappraised shall be im mediately placed on the market; and that the College land agent be instructed to finish the reappraisal of College lands at the earliest pos sible moment. T he roster of employees for the College year beginning September 1, 1901, was adopted. Edward Fauver of Oberlin, O., was elected to the position of Di rector of Physical Culture to begin September 1, 1901. T he Secretary and Prof. Weil were instructed to investigate the -ubject of elevators for women's ; uilding and report same at next meeting of the Board. By resolution $.(.2,000 from Liic surplus in the land grant interest fund on J u ne 30, 1901, was set aside as a special fund for building and other extraordinary purposes. T he degree of bachelor of science was conferred upon the thirty-eight members of the graduating class. T he degree of master of science was conferred upon Dick J. Crosby, class of '93, M. A. C. and William T. Shaw, B. S., '99, University of Minnesota. President Marston and M r. Monroe were appointed as special committee in connection with per manent State Fair exhibit. On motion the rebuilding of two wings of the greenhouse was de cided upon. $7,500.00 was apportioned for re pairs to buildings during the fiscal year beginning J u ly 1, 1901. Adjourned. T he President's Reception. Dr. and Mrs. Snyder gave their annual reception to faculty and stu dents on Thursday evening, J u ne 20, at their home, 1 Faculty R o w. T he house was tastefully decorated with ferns, palms, and cut flowers. Bristol's orchestra, hidden away be hind a screen of palms, dispensed sweet music during the evening. Mrs. Snyder, assisted by the ladies of the faculty, received the guests, a number of whom were from Lan sing and from out of town. dining room, which was lighted by dainty candelabra, ice cream and cake were served by some of the y o u ng worries In the students. parlor stood a bowl of delicious punch which was much appreciated during the evening. T he evening passed most pleasantly, and seemed to be enjoyed by everyone present. In t he Commencement Exercises. T he annual forty-eighth com mencement exercises of t he Mich igan Agricultural College occurred the A r m o r y, Friday morning, in June 2 i, 1901, at ten o'clock. T he candidates for degrees, headed by President Snyder, the commence ment faculty, orator, and the marched in and took seats on the platform, while Miss Hannah Bach played an appropriate selection on the piano. T he Rev. George H u m phrey of Adrian, father of a mem ber of the class, pronounced t he invocation. T he following pro gram was then rendered: Piano trio, ' ' I m ps and Sprites at W o r k ," Hoist, Misses Smith, A r m strong, W r i g h t. Oration, " P o w e r ," W. W. W e l l s, mechanical course. Oration, "Technical Science in its Relation to the H o m e ," Miss Fleta Paddock, women's course. Vocal solo, (a) "A Lesson Oration, "Justin Smith Morrill," N. A. M c C u n e, agricultural course. from the Violets," Marks ; ( b) " In Springtime," Fesca, Miss H a d l e y. Address, " T he Personal a nd National Benefits of Education in Applied Science," Prof. J. B . J o h n son, C. E ., University of Wisconsin. then conferred as Degrees were follows: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE I. G uv Ar.rKK 11 FH unci :• A. B \. n R AJ Pa M. Li. M .V L. B A Y A RD I.. Ht'Gll P. B\KEK R OY L. BROWN* G E O R I .C E. C H A D S EY J O HN F. C O A TS A R T H UR J. C O OK H A R RY J. L C S T A CE A U CI M. Gi SM G L ' S T A VE G V T K K V U ST C'EI.IA A. II PRISON A R T H UR GXOSOl C. Hl'Ml'HRF.^ M A RK I.. DON" B. [ i w lu C r 1 A R r. KS W. K \ v LOR S A M U EL I. K E N \ N H >Y M A RY S. K M A G GS I I. H 11 its I R E L A ND I WI T.i. , \. M< C \ R O B E RT S. NOW I H R OT M. N O R T ON I- • KIA P A H Q O CK I- R ED T,. K A DI O RD C H AR r.i-:s I*. R E ED ( • KOI*' . K S FY KB \ ! \ E R N ON M, S H O E S M I TH !. 11.\< M.f-.v S K I N N ER J O HN B, S TKW \ HT MORA* I I . T"no\r .,-. '- K, 1 OU'r R \Y \I.TK!i \ V. W«3 G H O K GI I>. W H I TS R O S W K &L A. V E S TA W O O D B U RY \Vmr.\-EY MASTER OF S C I E N C E. W I L L I AM T. S H AW D I CK I. C H O S UV T he Personal and National Bene fits of Education in Applied Science. Abstract of Commencement Address by Professor J. B. Johnson, Delivered at M. A. C, June 2tst, igoi. INTRODUCTION. . T he beginning of the twentieth century marks the most significant era in the world's history. W e s t ward the star of empire has coursed its triumphal way until West and East have come together in a life and death the end of struggle which cannot be foretold. Whole sale corporate production, also, h as swallowed up nearly all individual capital and enterprise, and has cap tured t he world's markets by t he greater perfection and the dimin ished cost of the products. In South Africa the attempt of a medieval Christian people to shut out from their beclouded land the wave of nineteenth century progress, has proved as futile as it was foolish. Progress is in the air, and as the air, it engulfs the globe. Nature does not more abhor a vacuum than s he does permanence of form. W h at ceases to change and grow ceases to live. Even the rocks of the eternal (Continued on second page.) 2 T HE M. A. C. R E C O R D. J U NE 25, 1901. THE M. A. C. RECORD. PUBLISHED W E E K LY BY T HE flIGHIGAN AGRICULTURAL GOLLEGE. EDITED BY T HE FACULTY, A S S I S T ED BY T HE S T U D E N T S. S U B S C R I P T I O NS S H O U LD BE S E NT TO T HE S E C RETARY-, A G R I C U L T U R AL C O L L E G E, M I C H. SUBSCRIPTION, - - SO CENTS PER YEAR. Send money by P. O. Money Order, Draft, or Registered Letter'. Do not send stamps. Business Office with L A W R E N CE & V AN B U R EN Printing Co., 122 Ottawa Street East, Lansing, Mich. Entered as second-class matter at Lansing, Mich. For. various reasons T HE M. A. C. RECORD is occasionally sent to those who have not sub- scr'bed for the paper. Such persons need have no hesitation about taking the paper from the postomce, for no charge will be made for it. The only way, however, to secure T HE R E C O RD regularly is to subscribe. Record Staff. H O W A RD E D W A R D S. V I C T OR E. B R O W N. August Frey. of the Adelphic Society. W. s. Mer'ick, of the Columbian Society. T. G. Phillips, of the Eelectic Society. Miss Grace Lundy, of the Feronian Society. G. C. Humphrey, of the Hesperian Society. Geo. E. Ransom, of the Olympic Society. D. D. Porter, of the Phi Delta Society. . Miss Clare Dean, of the Themian Society. H. E. Y'oung, of the Union Literary Society, George Severance, of the Y. M. C. A. Communications and other matter pertaining to the contents of the R E C O RD should be sent to Howard Edwards. Editor of the R E C O R D. Resolutions. W H E R E A S, It has pleased our Heavenly Father to call to his last rest, Norman, the son of our honored Professor, Dr. E d w a r d s; and W H E R E A S, T he departed was an esteemed member of the class of 1903; be it Resolved, T h at we his classmates, do extend to the bereaved parents our heartfelt sympathy; and, be it further Resolved, T h at a copy of these resolutions be placed upon the class records. S. B. H A R T M A X, M AY K Y ' E S, R AY R. T O W E R, Committee. Commencement Exercises. C o n t i n u ed from Page 1. hills are changed to clay and are dissolved in the surrounding seas. To attempt to scotch the wheels of progress, therefore, is but to invite destruction. One must "accept the universe" as, it is and make the best of is it. A nd our social world changing with such marvelous speed it is almost bewildering to the most progressive races. It is with the greatest difficulty that these can keep the pace, while the less progressive nations are being left absolutely be little slowing up of one hind. A people, therefore, is now equivalent to losing the race. We think we are driven to death already, but the gait is ever speedier, and if our lives become shorter in years they will be ever accomplish in ment. If we can but find pleasure in our work, then the greater the work the happiness. A nd why should we not find pleas ure in our work? Never before were so many interesting problems opening up for solution. T he most stimulating and soul-satisfying ex perience in the world lie in the over coming of difficulties and in the solution of new problems. A nd these problems come trooping upon us. T h ey are of all kinds — mate rial, political, social. W h en in the past has the politics of every country been whole-world the greater commercial, longer human the whole politics as it is today ? It is no lon ger an American question, or a European question, or the Eastern is a world question question — it with which statesmen of all coun tries are having to deal. In busi ness, also, the field of operations is no longer the town, or city, or state, or nation; it is the whole inhabited globe. A nd socially our problems are no longer purely domestic; they include race. Such questions as the relation be labor and capital; the rela tween tive rights and duties of the sexes; the control of business corporations; the rights of property and of inheri tance; the inherent rights of m a n; support the people shall whether the state, or the state the people; the resort to arbitration in place of war, both between nations and be tween smaller aggregates of m e n; right of a more progressive the nation to control and direct the des tinies of a less progressive o n e; these and many more such questions are not peculiar to any one CDuntry, but are world questions of almost equal interest in all countries. T he number of such problems now cry ing for solution in the political, in the commercial, and in the social field is almost legion. A nd are we preparing to meet and to success fully solve them ? It is well to remember that wis cannot be gotten dom is not a matter of destiny. Neither is it a matter of inheritance. " It for gold, neither shall silver be weighed for the pi ice thereof." Let us there fore contemplate for a moment some of the essential elements of strength on which this nation must rely in the frantic race she has now set for herself and henceforth will be forced to run. I N T E L L E C T U AL A C H I E V E M E N T. I will place By intellectual First, achievement. intellectual achievement I do not mean a mere in other men's intellec trafficking tual wares. intellectual I mean production. We need men and women w ho can be trusted to think for themselves on these great ques tions. Clear sight must precede wise action. We must realize the divine significance of a fact, and hence must be able to recognize a fact when we see it. We must be tremendous doubters. Most things which pass current for truth are the flimsiest falsehoods. We believe what we wish to believe, or what we are to question. indolent We should train ourselves to scien tific thinking and reasoning. T he scientific methods of investigation should be applied to all questions alike. This can only be done by those schooled in the use of such an instrument. M o d e rn education should be at three-quarters least scientific. To " see straight and to think clear " on all questions is not a It must be cultivated. natural gift. F ew people know what science is, and fewer still are schooled in its methods. too Most persons seem to think that a science may consist of organized or systematized anything. Thus astrol ogy, alchemy, palmistry, phrenology, were all in turn regarded as sciences, but are so regarded no longer. These all consisted in organized or systematized coincidences, assump tions, and theories, and we are not wanting in many modern systems of belief, quite as fanciful and ground less as these, but which are parading in the garments and adopting the terminology of science. T h at can truth so-called includes, not be knowledge which is not true. Science therefore, only what is known to be true. This sug gests Pilate's query, " W h at is truth ?" that in nearly-all human I admit affairs consists in the highest attainable probability. W h en one thing is to us more probable than any other alternative we can think of, most persons would say I believe this to be true. This may serve very well on which to base an opinion, if we must indulge luxuries, but it ourselves in such hardly answers the demands of science. Again we must distinguish be tween qualitative and quantitative truth, or science. To say that all matter is mutually attractive is to state a truth, and a scientific truth, but it is a truth we could do nothing with. It is qualitative only. But to say that all bodies attract each other with a force which varies directly as their masses and inversely as the squares of the distance be tween their centers of gravity, is to state a quantitative truth which can be used as a tool of investigation and analysis. This is the law of gravity which Newton discovered. plant every causes form such marvelous On the other hand, scientists are constantly challenged by their lit erary friends to explain the essence of things as well as the laws in accordance with which the essence manifests they say itself. T h u s, what is this force of gravity you talk so learnedly^about ? W h at is light, and heat, and electricity ? W h at is the medium known as the impalpable ether which pervades all space and which transmits this light and heat without absorbing it ? W h at is the mysterious life principle which and to produce its kind animal exactness, with times without number ? And, finally, what is the mind itself and where does it reside? From whence came is it to go? These and an unending series of like questions we cannot answer, but must we hence admit that there is no science of these things? By no means. While we freely admit our the essence, we ignorance as to boldly proclaim our knowledge of many of the laws of being and of the manifestation of these secret sub stantial and spiritual forces. A nd this is quite enough to know, for most practical purposes. So rapidly as the knowledge of a subject can laws, therefore, be generalized into it becomes scientific, even though there remain whole realms of un known and undiscovered truth still enshrouding subject matter. it and where same the This new knowledge is now com rapidity ing to us with marvelous and from sources which increase in number in a geometrical ratio. This scientific knowledge has been turned also to such practical account in a and miraculous thousand ways, marvels follow each other in such rapid succession, that the average man finds himself dazed and his reason almost dethroned by daily the accomplishment of observing what but yesterday he had thought impossible. He in is Wonderland, quite ready to believe it only any In wear the garments of science. this w ay only can we account for the extreme credulity, not to say gullibility, of this the greatest scien tific age the world has known. To the average citizen all things are possible, and they only await the coming of the scientific magician to improbable like Alice thing, if in describing accompanying the trick by which the discover T he very thing may be done. language used the latest fake, if it be only an unknown tongue, will be accepted and adopted as the properly hitherto unknown forces of laws. In fact the greater the fraud, and the more mystifying the language, the easier it is to deceive the wary capitalist. facts we should conclude that the greater the possibilities of a given agencv, the to determine greater the necessity its limitations. From these that This progress and Switzerland. W h i le it is well to know some thing of the best that has been thought and said in the past, .we must beware of limiting ourselves to this pleasing sipping of the stored It induces honey of all past ages. mental dyspepsia. the is education of the Chinese. He studies only the sayings of his ances tors. His face is always backward, and hence he never goes forward. If the acquisition of a knowledge of thought and the best that has been is wisdom, said by our ancestors then the educated Chinaman should be the wisest of men. T he western world starved over a thousand years on this sort of scholasticism. Europe throughout, the had nothing else middle ages, and nothing came from it but stagnation. N ew truth and ever more new truth is the only nourishing food on which a people intellectual can grow. A nd this is achievement, and it lies at the very basis of all progress, and hence of all national prosperity. A nd as scientific education trains one in the perception and use of facts, and in the ability to separate the true from the false, so we can plainly see today is national directly measured by the prevalence in education. training of scientific T he three nations in which science enters largely into the school train ing of all children are Germany, America In educational the popular France methods are shaped only to the passing of certain state examina tions, and so have largely lost their vitality. the masses are practically uneducated, and in such schools as they have science finds little or no place. T he notori ous inability of the English generals in the present war to realize a situa tion not cognizable by their sense of sight, is but one of the thousand illustrations of the almost entire a b sence of the faculty of the imagina tion in the English mind. This ability to perceive the invisible is a distinctive product of a scientific education. Both England and Fiance are relatively dropping behind other nations, and in the opinion of many this can be traced to their methods of education, while Germany, Amer ica, and Switzerland are all forging to the front. This is because these countries contain so many citizens who have learned what to do and how to do it. There are, however, many ways of acquiring an educa tion in the realities of the world, be sides going to school? T he Ameri can pioneer has probably acquired this knowledge of things as they are, and has learned what to do and how to do it more effectually than any other class of men in the work. He has also learned self-reliance and has developed a tremendous amount of initiative. He stops at no private task, however it may impossible seem to others. He has achieved a continent and created a nation. As compared to a mere man of books, he is a giant in all matters which In England J U NE 25$ 1901. T HE M. A. C. R E C O R D. 3 give strength to a nation. I cannot stop here to insist on the absolute rests upon every necessity which to man and woman who aspires serve as a significant factor in society, in any capacity, to cultivate at all times and on all proper occasions, a clear and forcible style of expression in conversation, in formal address, and in written composition. MORAL UPRIGHTNESS. it in 1 have placed clearness of mental vision before moral uprightness, not because it is more important, but because fundamental. is more T he mind must perceive the right the conscience can enforce before it. This field of moral education and training belongs to the teacher and minister alike. As a teacher I am convinced that the education of children and young people should be largely occupied with the eternal this again means a verities. And training the exact and natural sciences. . A hypocritical scientist it is impossible to even conceive. H ow can a sophist or a hypocrite be a truth? This passion searcher after it may be, for and preconceived opinions, is the peculiar and domi nating characteristic of all scientific investigators. W h at more whole some moral atmosphere in which to raise a child? T he boy who has acquired a passion for any line of scientific study can safely be trusted to follow his bent. He will come to no harm and is likely to come to something great and good. the true, whatever regardless of the fail and As . many of fall, science will traditions of the eternal religion their take truths of place, and we shall build on this sure foundation a new religion and a more rational and just morality which will be to nations a bond of flame union instead of a perpetual of discord and disruption, as religion has been in the past. intellectual knowledge a complete MATERIAL PRODUCTIVENESS. Following achieve ment and moral uprightness, I will place material productiveness which results from our modern scientific achievements. Here on the thresh- hold of the world's workshops, we are struck at once with the magical transformations which have been effected in the methods of produc tion. T he skillful mechanic, who with great manual dexterity, and of with his art, fashioned a product from the raw material to the finished state, is no more. His like is no longer found outside of Asia; these work ers w ho entirely made up the guilds of foimer centuries, and who were in the pride and glory of Europe the renaissance, were reduced to the performance of single manual operations, the complete product be ing then the work of many hands, and finally, with the introduction of the automatic and labor-saving ma chinery of today, they have become mere overseers and tenders of such machinery. As we walk through any great modern factory, therefore, we see not manual workers, but machine attendants. But let us not make the very common mistake of supposing and women, or boys and girls, are mere automatons, or attach ments to the machines they operate. This is the mistake our literary and clerical friends nearly always make. T h ey deplore steam, wind, water, and electricity, and of labor-saving and automatic machin ery, and sigh for the good old days when the blacksmith was the only the age of these men animated that first to to the the saddler were in iron; when they might bring worker the wheel wright and the cabinetmaker did all the work in wood; when the shoe the maker and workers in leather, and when their grandmothers had added their other labors the spinning, weaving, and making up, by hand, of all the family wardrobe. These workmen, by laboring from twelve to sixteen hours a day, at small wages, man to earn only enough aged to pro vide life. the bare necessities of But the steam engine and multiple production has now changed all this. Not only has the slavish muscular toil been graciously lifted from off our industrial workers, but the wear ing and anxious care formerly placed in order upon all such workers their work that up standard of requisite exactness, has also been taken over by mechanisms which not only never tire but which will turn out a mil lion pieces exactly alike. T he at such a mechanism, tendant upon in charged only with keeping order and well supplied with the raw material, has time and oppor tunities, yes, and the necessary stim ulus, to engage in profitable study and invention. T he very complex ity and the marvelous ingenuity dis is a the machine played perpetual challenge to the operator to comprehend its construction and to improve its accuracy or its out put. In place of a more or less de grading physical toil we now have for these workers a most wholesome combination of physical and mental is peculiarly con exercise which ducive to mental self improvement the workshops and also both when the day's labor is over. T he shop conditions were in fact never so favorable to mental effort out of hours as they are today, and the in dustrial worker was never before so well provided with self-helps. itself in in it SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION THE BASIS OF MATERIAL PROSPERITY. industrial recognize revolution transported But you ask how has this won derful been wrought ? H ow comes it that the 19th century marks a far greater industrial progress than all the un told previous centuries combined? By what newly discovered species the world been so of magic has that our revolutionary transformed the fathers would not to re planet if they were allowed insist they had visit it, but would to some other been celestial sphere? T h e re can be but one answer to these questions. T he industrial revolution is but one of the many fruits of the scientific pro T he sciences gress of the century. here t h o se involved, also, are relating to i n a n i m a te m a t t e r. Mathematics, chemistry, geology, mineralogy, mechanics, their mul these metallurgy, titudinous in have, ramifications their applications to the arts, trans the world. W h i le chance formed or accident, or a blind empiricism has often important discov eries and inventions, the successful development of industries based on these is always a matter of the sci entific application of means to ends. As a rule, however, the scientific laws and principles have resulted from long and patient scientific re search, on the part of our pure sci entists, and the utilization of these industrially has been gradually de veloped by a class of men whose peculiar business it is to bring the materials and forces of nature into the service of man. These men are physics, led to in in the known as civil, mechanical, elec trical, mining and chemical engi neers. T he discoveries of our pure in scientists, followed up by ventions of mechanics and engineers have together w r o u g ht these won derful marvels. And as the preva lence of science teaching has brought a progress of science which is ever at a swifter pace, so the now wide this spread technical instruction country industrial in bringing our progress along by leaps and bounds. But the greatest economy of pro duction in any line is only attainable by scientific methods. T he prevention of wastes, the util ization of by-products, the saving of labor, the the output, increase of the perfection of workmanship, the purity of the product, all these are scientific and engineering questions successful which their most solution in that country in which are to be found the greatest number Sci of pure and applied scientists. entific and technical education is to day the foundation of all material prosperity. the most find T he discoveries of THE APPLIED SCIENTIST. And now a word as to the type of man w ho is our main reliance in this industrial evolution. It is not so much the pure as it is the applied scientist. the pure scientist are common property the world over. We can avail our- * selves of a scientific law discovered in Germany as well as though it had been announced from Harvard, or Columbia, or J o h ns Hopkins. But to utilize these laws and discoveries in actual industries requires an ap to be on the ground. plied scientist It is the engineer, or applied scien to whom we must tist, therefore, turn in the progress of our indus tries, and hence we will now con sider what qualities and accomplish ments he must possess, in contradis tinction from the pure scientist, in order to fully meet the requirements of the position. To the applied scientist that only is food, or is prized, which can be shown to be capable of serving use It is his business to select ful ends. from the pure scientist's store of universal truth such as he can use for particular purposes. of O ur applied scientist must have the intelligent access to free and established g r e at storehouse follow truth. He must not only the progress of science in one field, but in every field in which he under takes to practice; he must therefore be a constant student. Our applied scientist must know also how to do things. This is the knowledge the learning his mechanic In the fruits of trade he has learned the world's in doing things. experience has. Again he must know what needs to be done. To know this he must be a man of affairs. He must be acquainted with the ways of com trade, both at home and merce and abroad. He must foresee the needs of the immediate future. He must know the difficulties and hindrances of present methods before he can provide remedies. He must also be an economist. He must know the cost of things and the wastefulness of present methods before he can determine whether or not is worth his while to invent new ones. In fact he must know as much as possible about how the world now does its work if he is to facilitate matters. This kind of knowledge scientist does not also possess. the pure it But what else must our applied suggests faculty which scientist have and be? He must have largi ly developed in him sine qua tiun in the profitable solution of all new problems,—invention. This seems to be one of nature's gifts. It is It can be cultivated, however. this the various possible ways of accomplish this thing. ing a given knowledge of affairs our applied scientist sees what needs to be done. invention suggests a hundred His It unconsciously ways throughout his runs mental storehouse of acquired facts, both of science and method, and brings to his attention all the pos sible ways of accomplishing the results.' to do to and it. fro F r om T h us we see our applied scientist is at once a student of science, a mechanic, man of affairs, and an inventor combined in one. Nothing this will fill the bill. Be short of ing a scientist only, he knows not what to do or how to do it. Being a mechanic only, he knows parti cular ways of doing a given series of things, and he is sure to give you of his little store, whether it serves the purpose or not. Being an ex ecutive man he sees what ought to be remedied, but he knows not what its place or how to ac to put complish He any desired probably gets a " practical man " to the come and do something but chances are very much against this something being the best thing, or the thing which should have been done. Being an inventor, without the knowledge of either the scien tist or the business man, is indeed a misfortune. end. in laboratory and To fit a man for this high calling our technical schools are established. T h ev put a young man in the way of becoming what we have here described. He there learns the ele ments of a series of sciences and it is abso- . their applications which to know. lutely necessary for him If he precedes or accompanies this training with a considerable amount of shop practice, such as is now given in all our lead ing technical schools, and if he also spends his vacation at such work, he learns something of the practical applications of scientific knowledge and Supple menting this with a knowledge of the business world and of men, cul address but tivating strictist the schooling himself honesty of motive and act, both with himself and towards others, he becomes favorably known. in addition to these he remains a con stant student, and possesses a suffi cient invention, he of should ultimately become the A p such plied Scientist par excellence; a man could safely be consulted in the solution of new problems, and this is the special field of the applied scientist. a pleasing to the mechanic's art. a m o u nt If THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES. W h en we ponder on these mar vellous achievements of one short century, mostly by a crude empiri cism in applying the discoveries of science, what may we not hope for the endless future with an' from intelligent direction given the those who seek to garner labors of the fruits of all science and not to its to control law but know operation, to harness the very laws of nature to the car of human prog ress? the to THE BLESSINGS OF MATERIAL • WEALTH. While material progress and pros- is the only of money-making perity are not the highest good, they the conditions which make bring the higher life possible. You can not develop a man spiritually until he is supplied with the comforts of life and has leisure in which to culti the spiritual graces. L et us vate also not be afraid of too much ma terial prosperity. We are learning the generous uses of wealth. W e a l th is more and more being turned into channels of popular scientific and in dustrial education, and this education in turn leads legitimately to greater wealth and also to a greater interest in the high things of this life and to lessening interest in the selfish, and sensuous, and fashionable, and friv life. olous, and idle amusements of in the physi In fact, this education cal realities of life form of education which will surely win the interest of the man of business the counter and of a fairs as against attractions and monev-spending. W h en the passion for yachting and horse-racing has been supplanted by a passion for developing the resources of nature, and for discovering new truth and applying increasing to the ever needs of modern society; when the love of personal display and the de sire to excel one's neighbors in a vulgar show of wealth has been supplanted by a love of the true and beautiful in nature, which leads of necessity to a higher appreciation of the true and beautiful in life; when, lower, narrower, and in short, the more selfish interests of the wealthy class have been replaced by those higher and more altruistic interests which come only with a broader education along lines which appeal to their natures and their tastes, then and then only, will wealth become a fruitful means to righteous ends. In such hands there cannot be too that day it may In much wealth. be hoped there will be no idle rich, and that wealth will be used and not abused. it THE LIFE OF SERVICE. 7he directly following was to the graduating addressed class: it larger Finally, to clearness of mental vision, to moral uprightness, and to material' prosperity, we must add a spirit of self-education to such pub lic and private service as we find ourselves able to perform. Verily, he that would save his life will lose it, and he that would lose his life in the life of his family, his community, his state, or his nation, will find to him an returning hundred fold. Honesty is no more the best policy than is that of disin terested service. Even as a means of self-advancement there is no lad der by which one may climb so fast or so high, and certainly which is so absolutely safe and sure, as that of service to others. Society pays its debts, but it is slow to advance a "loan. Make society your debtor, but without claim for reward, and every man and woman becomes your friend and well wisher. This service to society must be sincere and disinterested, however. We must lend our services, " h o p i ng for is nothing again." but a piece of shrewd speculation on our part, if we expect to return and claim our own with usury, it is hypocritical and is soon recognized is barren of as such. Such service benefit either to the server or to the served. service, however, rewarded, though sometimes the debt has long to run. This is the kind of service rely. on which disinterested always the nation must If our service A is T HE M. A. C R E C O R D. T U NE 25, 1901 This alone is patriotism. We must the government by every support means in our power, without hope of reward. Not " W h at is there in it for m e ?" but " W h at is there in me for i t ?" should be our query. Without such citizens no nation can long survive. Even in the matter of paid service one must always do more than his duty if he looks for rapid advance ment. T he rate of advancement is directly measured byr the service rendered your employer over and above what you are paid for. T he young man who is constantly bal ancing his wages against labor performed fails of promotion and soon joins the ranks of the discon tented. the the lies the road And now you will all ever con tinue, I am sure, to be students as well as workers, and the greatest good fortune I can wish is that you may all lead lives of great service to your families, to your communities, to your state and to your nation, be cause therein only to happiness. My thesis is, therefore, that we times, and have fallen on critical the clearest heads there is need of and of stoutest hearts. T he world is moving at a rapidly accel erated speed. A nation's life today is 'not assured by its rate of pro gress. Our past achievements have been more providential than per sonal. Our future as a nation will depend more on our wisdom, on our moral uprightness, on our scientific competency, and on our disinterest ed service than it has in the past. To this high service, therefore, are we called. W i th a clarified vision to distinguish the the false; with a singleness of purpose in seeking the true and the good; with a wide dissemination of a knowledge of what to do and how to do it; and with a self-dedication to the service of society and hence of the state, we may all become, in our several fields of labor, national benefactors. true from Power. twice as much of We are continually pointing with pride to the achievements of our in in our ventive genius as shown labor saving machinery, and indeed the man who causes one day's labor the to produce comforts of life as it formerly did is no less a public benefactor than one w ho causes two blades of grass to grow where one grew before. But in which the in there is one field the en ventor, the scientist, and gineer have contributed much to ward the material prosperity of the world and without which our labor saving machinery would be com paratively worthless, I refer to the the forces of nature harnessing of Imagine how to do man's work. our scale of living would have to come down if we had no power but to our own muscles with which provide for our wants. Probably the first force, besides his own muscles, that man made use of was the muscular force of animals, and this is one of the most important of our prime movers to this day, in spite of engines and railways and automobiles. T h e n, as he acquired more skill in the making of machin to use the forces of ery, he began wind and water. But wind cannot be depended upon, and water-power cannot always be had where it is wanted, so these sources of power are limited in their application. It is the heat engine that is doing the engine, the work of the world to-day. N ot steam only the air engine, and the gas engine, but in fact our horses and our own bodies are heat engines and the most effi cient heat engines we have, so far as the relation of the quantity of work done by a given amount of If hay and oats fuel is concerned. cost no more per ton than coal we might perhaps be running our fac tories by horse power. just begun its work and A century ago the steam engine the had industrial progress of the century has been largely due to the develop steam ment of to al engine. its most every kind of work, and efficiency increased until now some of our best power plants use less than a pound and a quarter of coal per hour for each horse power. the type of heat It has been adapted It to the that the steam exhausting But even now we are using only about fourteen per cent of the energy This contained in the coal. fact leads many to think there is a wonderful chance yet for improving the efficiency of the steam engine, but our study of thermodynamics shows us that the efficiency of a heat engine is limited by the change of temperature of the working fluid that an engine that would have an efficiency of one hundred per cent would have to convert all the heat of the working substance into work, which would mean that the steam or other working substance, would have to leave the engine at the tem perature of 4600 below zero. If we could heat the steam tem perature of red hot iron we could not expect to obtain more than 40 per the energy of the coal even cent of with into a condenser at a pressure of only 1-5 of one atmosphere. is easy enough to convert other forms of energy into heat, but not so easy to convert heat into mechanical energy. Many attempts have been made to produce a more efficient engine by using some other fluid instead of water but the laws of the conver sion of heat energy into mechanical energy the special properties of any substance. H ot air engines have been used to is some extent, but their efficiency the low account transmitting heat difficulty to the working substance. and from This difficulty is overcome in gas and oil engines by mixing the fuel with thus generating the heat in the working substance itself. T he gas engine can work temper through a greater range of a greater atures and hence has steam thermal efficiency the than engine, but it uses a fuel is in most localities. more expensive It has its advantages and its disad the vantages as steam engine. Largely on account of the small amount of attention required, it is used quite extensively for small powers, especially where the the load is nearly constant and service intermittent. It is also find ing a new field of operations in utilizing the waste gases of blast furnaces, which peculiarly adapted to this type of engine. largely on in campared with the air and independent that are are of of liquid air by W h en the gas engine first made the its appearance, again when into use, and electric motor came to still later when Tripler began the barrelful, make we were informed that the steam engine would soon be a thing of the past to be seen only in our museums, but is still doing business and promises to stay with us for some Its only real rivals time to come. it T he are the gas engine and the turbine. T he gas engine is finding its own sphere of usefulness in those places it is best adapted but it for which improved will have to be greatly before it can take the place of the steam engine. turbine with the electric motor has the aid of the steam engine taken the place of in some places within convenient distance from our waterfalls. But electricity, as used for power, is in no sense a prime mover but simply power. a means of Instead of the steam engine electricity has furnished it with a new field of labor, and the requirements of this class of service improve have led to some marked ments in the engine. transmitting competing with Liquid air is no more a prime mover than electricity, for we can not produce it without absorbing power and the law of the conserva tion of energy holds here as well as It may become useful elsewhere. as a means of storing power how ever. We have no reason to expect that any of our sources of power will go out of use, at least for a good many years yet. Horses, steam and gas engines, water wheels and electric motors all have their uses and their T he mechanical dis limitations. reciprocating advantages of led many a man engine have to time and labor trying spend much rotary a to devise engine. satisfactory the One of the problems of the twentieth century will be to find a source of energy adequate to meet the demands of what will be more than ever an age of power. Our supply of fuel is limited and we cannot expect our coal fields to sup ply us with power for many cen turies more if the present rate of increase keeps up. Will use and men then learn to live without the aid of power, will they use coal more economically or will other improve forces be utilized? One ment which seems quite possible is the more economical, conversion of heat into other forms of energy. In the electric light we get about one-half of one per cent, of the T he energy of the coal consumed. man who will produce electricity from economically will be given a chief place among our in ventors, and the man who can imi tate the firefilyr and glowworm in producing light without heat will not be far behind. coal is about Another field for the inventor is found in the storage of power. T he storage battery the only means now available. It is used to some extent where the power avail able or required varies greatly, but from it is too heavy place to place. to be shipped Liquid air contains nine times as much energy as can be packed into a storage battery of equal weight. It may possibly enable us to bottle up the energy of Niagara and ship it hundreds of miles to points far beyond the reach of electrical trans mission. But a pound of petroleum con tains forty times as much energy as one pound of liquid air and it can be shipped and stored without loss. If we could manufacture a similar substance out of cheap materials we might be able to store up the energy of the winds and our water power and use it wherever and whenever we want it. We are already using a similar method of producing light. and lamps We the some of our buildings with light our bicycle J U NE 25, "1901 T HE M. A. R E C O R D. energy of through carbide and acetylene gas. the St. Mary's River, the medium of calcium T h e re is a vast amount of water power yet to be utilized and, as coal factories becomes more expensive, localities may be driven to those where it can be obtained. T he five million horse power at Niagara could run a monstrous manufactur ing city and it would not be a smoky city either. Another great source of power little is the direct that is used but heat of the sun. Solar motors have been experimented with to some extent but they can hardly be con sidered a commercial success as yet. T he solar motor may not be used very extensively for many years to come, but there are localities where is prohibited on ac steam power count of the coal, and where the sun shines most of the time in which it should prove It may be the means of valuable. acres of desert reclaiming many land and thus make two blades of grass grow where nothing grew before. the cost of hauling forces Solar motors, wind mills, and water wheels utilize that promise to last as long as the sun shines, so we have not much reason to fear the world will cease because of the ex haustion of what are now our chief sources of power. that the progress of W. W. W E L L S. Technical Science in its Relation to the Home. During the youthful period of human development the knowledge obtained was through empiricism, the result of casual observation. E v ery science had its birth in empiri cism, and this empiricism will con tinue to occupy a portion of scien tific work as long as there is oppor tunity It keeps alive the spirit of speculation, yet the number of demonstrated facts has become so great that speculation is kept in the background the minds of scientists, and is used only as a stimulus to research. to acquire knowledge. in T he struggle of the sciences for their present position has been long and, in a sense, bitter, but evolved from the widely separated and im perfect theories of the past, there is in reach of the present seeker after truth, an abundance of classified knowledge. to understand In the home has been the same progression. T he homemaker is no longer satisfied with the traditional methods of an empirical nature, but seeks the principles involved in her sphere of activity, and to place her duties on a scien tific basis. By assuming this atti tude, she relegates tradition, empiri cism and superstition to the rubbish garret, and endeavors to subject sci to her use. entific S he thus makes a higher standard of learning for herself, magnifies her positidn to its true proportions, and rules over her province resourceful thought and action and highly in technical in its character. laws and facts M a ny educators have seep the necessity of a systematic course of training, which will prepare women to deal with the household problems brought about by this change in their relation to the home, and have, influence, introduced through the various courses of study this schools to meet the demand in work. F r om many sources knowl it is of edge is accumulating and their in such a character as to be necessary to every woman who would make her home the laboratory in which her mental and physical life is developed. S he surely should possess a scientific knowledge of the body and those factors which influence it in health and disease. W h en there is an at tempt made to understand the sig nificance of this, there becomes in volved many scientific subjects of diverse complexions. It especially designates Physics, Anatomy, Phys iology, Chemistry, Sanitation, Bac teriology and Dietetics. These, there fore, are fundamental to a compre hensive view of the duties found in the house. T h ey are the substance of the art of living. Can anything be further from to mention this work as a fad? Truly, ignorance alone must be responsible for misnomers of this class. If based upon scientific research conducted as thoroughly and carefully as in prob lems of other sciences, this will not be a fad but a permanently estab lished educational movement. the truth than in from is vital responsible. their homes. treatment of T h at a more perfect idea may be obtained concerning science in the home specific some subjects may lend aid. H o me sanitation It is in the homekeeper its consequences and therefore deserves those who careful attention may be held T he work carried on by Sanitary As sociations, Boards of Health and people in authority has succeeded in arousing the interest of homekeep- the hygienic condi ers respecting tion of the house and by that the work must be done. T he man of the house comes and goes and his work is elsewhere. T he home is the woman's domain and when there danger to In one way carry every woman should be a Florence She proved what Nightingale. food foes light, pure air and good the are to disease, and so opened to eyes of the needs of the army that to-day the English army the death-rate of is only one-tenth of what it then was. In demonstrating this she not only showed the effect of sanitation upon the army but upon the home where importance cannot be overlooked. threatens the burdens. the military authorities she its is of the feasibility no • longer, Epidemics are as formerly, considered a punishment sent down from heaven. T h ey are indeed a punishment but for the sin only of ignorance. Pasteur proved that arresting disease is no longer an ideal. Mil saved lions of people have been from death and poor health by the progress of science armed with the knowledge the cause which produces it, its nature, its development, the dissemination of the contagion and the means by which it may be held in check the American home is no longer blindly submitting to "the onsets of this foe but is successfully striving to leave no loopholes for an attack, since the home is doubtless responsible for the progress of all contagious dis eases. tuberculosis, of Again we find a pertinent illustra tion in the scientific development of cooking. is better This branch established—not because it is more important than sanitation—but be cause it appeals more forcibly to the daily wants of man. T he homekeeper realizes the im portance of having the proper kind served. of food well cooked and She should also know how forjrT&dfT tributes to the body; how the foVd from conception T h r o u g h o ut substances are changed on their journey along the alimentary tract; how the they are acted upon by digestive juices and assimilated by the body. Some to destroy means on should be formed of how this food after en tering the body is used in construc tive work of one kind or another, it is and in what form eventually eliminated. of all these changes it becomes possible to follow and measure the elements entering into the constitution of the that any depar food so accurately ture conditions the normal may at once be noted. A harmony exists which to functional create In the activity or to produce disease. it is possible case of nitrogen to alter the body by in associating with it varying amounts In order to of other food material. manipulate food substances to pro duce the different and desired effects upon the homekeeper should have a technical knowledge of the subjects involved. Without such a knowledge she becomes the control of natural helpless in in an forces and operates only empirical manner. re sponsible for many things, and in order to accomplish the desired end she must information which technical science will give. the body, its offices discord have She the is a Further than this it becomes nec essary to acquire a broader knowl edge of the sciences, such as Chemis try, Physics, Anatomy, Physiology, than has Bacteriology and Botany been implied in the foregoing illus purposely This paper trations. omits the discussion of other phases than that of the sciences which we believe to be fundamental to the in telligent and harmonious develop ment of the home. In managing the home, therefore, the home-maker will find much need for thought and study, and will have no cause to complain of the monot ony of it all. She will find no time for the agitation of questions which take her out of the feminine bound aries fields of the masculine labor. into the home It has been noted in our casual review of this subject that the sci ences underlying are working their way gradually to that position now occupied by the sci ences upon which medicine and ag riculture are founded, and, from our discussion of Sanitation and Cooking it will be easily seen how technical science affects the home. T he civilization of a people may be measured by the condition of its the advancement women, for with of our civilization has come the emancipation of our women and their exaltation in the home. T he nation depends upon the home, and the home, in turn, depends upon the health and happiness of the people composing it, which cannot be se cured unless the home is based upon scientific knowledge. Someone has is said: neither beneath the attention of the refined, nor beyond the reach of the the uncultured. rich ; it is the salvation of the poor." "Scientific housekeeping is the duty of It F L E TA P A D D O C K. Justin Smith Morrill. T he close of the Revolutionary war and the opening of the Nine teenth great changes industrial pursuits. the mother-country T he which had so long checked the na tion's progress, were shaken forever, century in all to wrought ties and new energy, new strength sud denly arose, and entered into every department of human enterprise. those pursuits whose ad And of vancement was most marked under the new regime, none showed greater changes, or indicated broader ave nues for development than agricul ture. T he rapid acquisition of land to the west and south, with their diversity of climate, their wonder ful alluvial soils, their teeming val leys, soon impressed the American that his was a heritage of farmer the tremendous resources—his for taking. the Therefore many of older homesteads were abandoned for the fields of the west, and the advancement of the one section was gained through the retrogression of the other. likewise T h us husbandry developed con stantly embracing new phases, and expanding beyond the bounds of co operation and definite control. Other industries were giving greater scope to agricultural science, and were steadily establishing meth ods which were new in agricultural practice. Hut with all this advance ment, this stupendous expansion of the scope of agriculture, embracing yearly its thousands of acres of vir soil and primeval wilderness, gin with the marvelously increasing an nual yield, with every apparent ave nue for development, there yet re mained one factor absent. A plan, a scheme for the establishment of permanent throughout institutions the Union, where agricultural sci ence would be taught, and where in vestigations might be carried on in the interests of husbandry—this as yet was lacking. Early in the century, a few at tempts had been made toward agri cultural education. Here and there agricultural and horticultural socie ties had been formed, fairs local held, and now and then a publica tion on agriculture had appeared from the pen of some patriarch of In one or two states, the plow. minor agricultural schools had been established by private enterprise, where the cruder branches were taught, and where for the first time, the chemist's mystic powers were interests of agri harnessed the cultural science. indeed, Science, had found its way into a few of the academies colleges; manual training had received some attention. But such efforts were spasmodic. They were but the humble begin nings of a greater end. and in in tardy It was well for the followers of agriculture, that, at this juncture, a should man of acute perception increas endeavor to crystalize this ing demand learning for scientific into form and p o w e r; well for them the that he should turn aside from heat and fury of the hour, and find labor his energies needed and struggling industry. In a time when northern homes were giving their bravest and best to battle and sombre southern plains were ghastly with the blood and brains of men; while the industries of a nation lay paralyzed by the mighty conflict in that one man war, it was well should turn his back to ambulance and cannon and seek to better his through countrymen the arts of peace, rather the ravages of than war. T h at man was Justin Smith Morrill. In into the bill introduced the National House, J u l y, 1S62, Mr. Morrill proposed a system which at last should minister to the needs of the industrial classes. It was a plan at once original, complex, far-reach- T HE M. A. C. R E C O R D. J U NE 25, 1901 to first teach states may ing, consummate. In the words of the measure, it provides for " the endowment, support and mainten in each state ance of one college where the leading object shall be, scientific without excluding other including and classical studies, and military such tactics, branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, in such manner as the legislature of respectively pre the lib scribe, in order to promote the the eral and practical education of industrial classes in the several pur suits and professions of life." From the fierce opposition assailed the bill on every hand. Eminent it as men everywhere condemned interfering with r i g h t s. Newspapers ridiculed it as a scheme prosecution. utterly Public the man who would teach the farmer's to apply science to his craft. son But the persistence of the modest N ew Englander would-not down. Ceaselessly, patiently, he worked, till his task was done. True public servant, he had an inborn sympathy for all manual art, and continually sought to uplift the standard of the statesman, he Profound laborer. foresight that exercised conditions, which and the years still hide. incapable of sentiment foresees problems which ignores present laughed at intuitive states' in science the other. transmuted It has mutualized husbandry, where It has expelled the new, T h us was established a system for agricultural the dissemination of knowledge; a system whose benefits will never be known, and whose in fluence will extend to all coming generations; a system which is ever tending to create that better mode of is correlated with practice, the virtues of the one being combined to en hance the virtues of It is a system which has affected near ly every arable section in our coun the varied try. commercial interests of. the farmer. It has the abstruse sci ences into concrete knowledge per taining to every branch and phase the of husbandry. old and brought in method and theory, and the old em laid away on piric laws have been the shelves of time together with the crudities of ancient handicraft, or the doctrines of old-time astrol ogy. By its diffusion of knowledge, it has brought happiness and abund ance into thousands of homes, where dwell the brawn and sinew of our this system nation. lastly, And institutions has established public in throughout our terests are the interests of applied science; institutions which number as we number our commonwealths, and whose power rests in the united to support of millions. All honor institutions him by whom were founded. All honor the to name of Morrill! All honor to the agricultural colleges of America! All honor to the sincerity of their their purpose and the loftiness of ideals! May they ever add strength to strength as manual industry de velops; and may their numbers in crease as the nation extends her borders farther into distant lands. land, whose these was the home of Justin Smith Mor It was a Christian home, and rill. the simple Christian taught faith the solid basis for there, w r o u g ht the higher virtues of his later life. T he frugality practiced, the persis tence and sturdiness acquired by that frontier life, brought forth the fear less man of action, destined to long service for his country. And it can not be doubted, that all those quali ties of disposition and action which framed the career of Justin Morrill, their origin in the hardy, rig found orous life he followed from youth to manhood, and which were sus tained by the spotless purity of his character. the Yet, there was nothing of gran deur or imposing greatness in the character of Justin Morrill; none of the enthralling magnetism of Blaine, none of the wonderful brilliancy of type of Hamilton. His was modest worth, of quiet, constant de votion to duty. His path was the plain, straight path of public and favor, private virtue. To popular There was not he was oblivious. an element in his nature which be tokened anything of self-aggrandize ment or seduction to private interest, which have so blighted the careers of some of our greatest statesmen. an on till Florida, influence to receive Forty-seven influence will throughout America, But it is vain to speak thus of In life, he needed Justin Morrill. robes of no voice of praise, no honor. And in death he needs no eulogists. He needs no memorial monuments. institu learning, the spires of their tions of their halls rising to meet the sun, acres stretching forth its to his light, constitute monuments memory of perpetual power, monu ever ments whose in extend higher and higher the they will estimation of men, in eventually wield industry. every avenue of manual And, ten million men, who live by the plow, whether amidst the granite hewn hills of N ew Hampshire, in tropic glades of limitless prairies of the west, or in barbarous archipelagoes beyond Pacific -eas, will in a their God, period when agriculture had reached a critical mark, He should raise up the keenness of vision a man with industrial problems to foresee the of coming generations; that He should create a man to organize and perfect a system for the diffusion of agricultural knowledge and thereby to establish a basis which will insure forever, the stability of America's agriculture, on whose welfare rests the fortune and prosperity of a mighty people. And, through the flight of years, as the posterity of those is increased, it may be, to thirty mil lion, may not only they, but may a whole nation, among her many distinguished sons, ever honor and the name and memory of revere Morrill, the Father of Industrial Education in America. husbandmen ten million thank that, N. A. M C C U N ' E. Annual Reunion of the Columbian Literary Society. in a T he N ew England settlers' home was a primitive one. It was a home luxury; a home bare of ease or whose threshold the stranger seldom region where crossed, the straightened ties of denser popula tion had never curtailed the freedom of the savage; a lonely home, en compassed by an almost unbroken wilderness. This has been the home of many of America's patriots, this in 19. A m o ng T he Columbian Literary Society held their annual reunion their society rooms Wednesday evening, the visiting J u ne friends besides those from the Col lege and Lansing were Mrs. Shoe- smith, Leslie; Mrs. M. E. Town- send, Onondaga; Miss Hayes, Grand the Misses Rapids; Miss Mullen, Bay City; and Mr. F. O. Foster and Miss Stillwell, Maud McLeod, Ionia, w ho entered with the class of '01. After a short but interesting pro informal gram and a half hour of dances the members and guests re paired to the club rooms for their banquet. Everyone enjoyed a boun tiful repast after which the follow to, " T he ing toavts were responded Past," V. M. Shoesmith; " T he F u t u r e ," D. B. Jewell; " T he Sen iors," " Our Bert W e r m u t h; Guests," J. A. Dunford; and " T he T he Columbians," C. P. Reed. toasts were spicy and enjoyed by all. T he remainder of the evening was given up to dancing and play ing games. One of the pleasantest events of the the evening in the memories of Columbians was the presentation to the society of a handsomely designed block and gavel from Mrs. M. E. Townsend, as a memorial token of her son Charles, one of our former beloved members. Mrs. most that the society is Townsend very dear to her and is the feeling strongly reciprocated in the hearts of the Columbians. G. S. feels Olympic Society Commencement. T he to be fewer than at fifteenth annual commence ment party of the Olympic Society in their rooms last Wed was he'd nesday night, J u ne 19th. There in attendance seemed times, former this year that though the rooms accommodate. A m o ng the old members w ho came back were C. A. Jewell, '96, Geo. Campbell, '98, W. C. Brainard and E. R. Russell, '99 and E. A. Bohn, with '01. there were all could well the After a few selections of music literary by the Hayes sisters President's program was rendered. Address, G. E . C h a d s e y; Oration, J. G. Aldrich; Prophecy, S. B. Hart- m a n; Society Paper, G. C. Sevey. then T he dance programs were the filled out and the party passed time very pleasantly till 11 o'clock when to Club A dining room to sit down to a dainty menu. Mr. E. R. Russell was toastmaster. He was equal to the occasion and his random shots of somebody wit every the banquet the party went back to the rooms and danced till the hours grew large again. they repaired time. After G. E. C. seemed strike to Hesperian R e u n i o n. evening, On Wednesday the evening of commencement week set apart for society reunions, the Hes- perians with their friends, many of the homes of the whom were from their graduating members, enjoyed usual farewell banquet. At eight o'clock , the members commenced gathering in the rooms. T he time waiting for all to gather was spent introducing friends and in the enjoyment of greeting one another for the year. last time for the prepared following subjects were At about nine o'clock all retired to Club E and partook of the ban quet the occasion. for This was followed by toasts, Presi dent Bailey acting as toastmaster. re T he to: W h en We T h i n k, sponded Burr W h e e l e r; Perhaps, G. D. Francisco; Our Problem, R. M. Lickly; W h a t 's W h a t, N. D. F a r g o; T he Tides, N. B. Horton; W h a t 's W o n, What's Lost, G. C. H u m p h r e y. After the party broke up, this those caring to dance going to the armory where they enjoyed them selves until the music and the pleas its the evening had ure of charm. lost G. C. H. Feronian Party. in T he touch of the feminine Last Friday, J u ne 14, the F e r o- nians gave their annual formal party seventy-five in the armory. Over couples participated the grand march, which began promptly at eight o'clock, led by Prof, and M r s. Vedder. decorations while simple, were artistic, and showed the hand. T he placing of the music in the cen ter of the floor was commented upon P r o as quite a pleasant change. grams, which contained but twenty numbers and no extras, were dainty, and society colors, yellow and white little ways. were shown in many N ew daintily pretty g o w ns were much in evidence, and all—es pecially the occasion a charming success. the boys — declared and G. M. L. Union Lit. Reunion. the usual The Union Literary Society celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary at its commence ment reunion. Two of the charter members, '78, of Lansing, and William K. Prudden, Frank W. Hastings, '78, of St. Louis, Mich., attended and took part in the proceedings. literary program, eleven After dances were enjoyed, the music, furnished by an orchestra from Charlotte, being un usually good. The company then adjourned to the dining room in the women's building for the banquet. The decorations here as in the chapter house were simple yet ar to palms, asparagus tistic, being confined the delicious fern and cut menu had been the toastmaster, Newell A. McCune, '01, called for the following toasts, prefacing each with appropriate and witty remarks: Twenty- five Years, U. P. Hedrick, '93 ; The Gentler Element, Thomas Gunson; Our Ideal Ath lete, Ellis W. Ranney, 'oo; Yesterday, To day, Tomorrow, George D. White, '01; The '98; Great Cold World. Charles A. Gower, The Bicentennial, Dennis W\ Smith, '02. thoroughly discussed flowers. After At the conclusion of the banquet dancing was resumed in the chapter house and con tinued until an early hour. for Among the alumni who returned the occasion were W. K. Prudden, '78, Lansing, '78, St. Louis, Mich., Frank W. Hastings, Charles A. Gower, '98, Lansing. E. W. Ran ney, '00, with his wife (nee Teresa A. Bris '00, tol, '99,) Belding, Charles H. Hilton, and wife, Lansing, and Paul Thayer, 'oo, and wife of Benton Harbor. s. J. K. P hi Delta Reunion. A large number of friends and alumni availed themselves of the hospitality of the Phi Delta Society on Wednesday, June 19, the occasion being the annual commence ment banquet of the Society. Covers were laid for about 35 guests in the large reception hall, which was artistically decorated with palms and cut flowers. After an enjoyable menu, Herman W. Reynolds very ably in "Welcome," troduced the following toasts: Roy L. Himebaugh; that "Reminiscen Binds," Chas. F. Herrmann; ces," Roy C. Bristol; " T he Future," J. H. the above, several short Prost. speeches were given by friends whom the guests called upon. At the close of the banquet the entire party adjourned the Armory, where they joined the Eclectic and in dancing until an Hesperian the evening early hour. All agreed c. F. H. was very pleasantly spent. " T he Thread societies Besides that to Eclectic Society. in the The Tics have had the reputation past of being royal entertainers and those who were favored with an invitation to their and Hop con Commencement Banquet sidered themselves fortunate indeed. From 7:30 to 8, members and guests dropped into the time until the cosy rooms and spent President L. H. nine in friendly chat. Taylor voiced the society's welcome in a few well chosen words directing his guests to the dining room of Abbot Hall where crea ture comforts were in waiting. justice was done There was a bountiful supply of good them. things and ample Owing to the lateness of the hour, and the to hop to follow, the toast list was confined the numbers on the program to responded by members of the society. Toastmaster M. L. Ireland, with due dignity and grace, announced the following list: " Negatives," by Oliver D. Dales; " Backsights," by J. D. Towar; "Side Shots," by S. W. McClure; last " Tracings," by C. P. Reynolds. The J U NE 25, 1901. T HE M. A. C R E C O R D. 7 on the list was very appropriate for the time and place, as marking the severance by so many of the Tic members of their active college and society ties and their going out into the larger society of the world's activ ity. R. S. Northrop, "Bobby" to his friends, in many speaking on "Transition," wove words of good advice with amusing refer ences to recent and coming events. At about 11:30 the dining hall was desert ed for the College Armory, where, in com pany with the members and guests of the Hesperian and Phi Delta societies, dancing was indulged in even after the gray shadows stretched over the campus. j J F. Military Inspection. The annual inspection of the Cadet Corps of the military department of the College was held Wednesday afternoon, June 19, by Capt. William J. Biddle.Jr., of the 14th U. S. Infantry. The ceremonies of battalion inspection were fol review and battalion lowed by battalion drill under Capt. Bailey. A guard-mounting, consisting of details from each of the four companies, preceded battalion parade. At parade the orders re lating to the appointment of officers for next year were read. After the parade the offi cers took charge of their companies and held company drill, after which the inspect or observed the drill of the signal squad, and the sophomore class in extended order- After the inspection Capt. Biddle questioned the members of the graduating class about military subjects. He expressed himself as highly pleased, and complimented Maj. Vernou on the work accomplished by the corps. BAYARD L I T T E L L. Class Day. Class day at Grand Ledge was enjoyed by a party of about fifty made up of seniors and their friends. Some few drove over, but the greater number went on the train. As soon as the resort was reached the party separated into squads of twos and threes and gave themselves up to enjoying the river with its many shady islands and rugged scenery. At two o'clock the party assembled in the dining room of the Island House to partake of a bountiful dinner. After all had eaten to President Norton made a short speech, and the party again went out to enjoy the river breezes. the cool shade and satisfaction, their It was a tired but happy crowd that bundled up their hammocks and pillows, and took themselves down to the evening train enroute for the College, and every one felt that the day had been well spent. I. M. R. B a n q u et of t he M i c h i g an Agricul tural College Association of W a s h i n g t on D. C. Their loyalty the college. Washington, the seat of our Fed eral Government, seems also to be an important center for the gathering: those who have received some of training at the Michigan Agricul tural College. T h e re are now liv ing in this city, or with headquaters here 28 alumni and 14 who have been special students or instructors at to their A l ma Mater is indicated by their hearty and unanimous response when a call goes out as for the gath ering of the clans. This was well illustrated on the evening of J u ne 5, their when 32 of wives and friends met around the festal board and recalled the hopes and joys of their student days, the early struggles and grand achieve ments of the college, and drank in clear cold water, toasts rich in tender solicitude for the coeds, w ho so few in the lonesome older days, and ring ing with patriotic sentiment for the college which has a warm place in the heart of every one of its loyal students. T he pleasure of the even the ing was much presence of Prof. E u g e ne Daven port, '78, now Dean of the College of Agriculture in the University of Illinois. the alumni and enhanced by At a brief business meeting called to order by the president, Donald McPherson, '74, just before the ban quet proper, the following officers were elected for the ensuing term: president, J a m es H. Tibbitts, ' 7 3; 1st vice president, Edward N. P a g- elson, ' 8 9; 2nd vice president, Coie L. Himebaugh, H. Dewey, Mary Lillian Wheeler, '93. ' 8 7; sec'y, Lyster treasurer, Miss 'S8; the toasts following After the numerous courses from little neck clams to ice cream and coffee had been properly disposed of W. A. Taylor, 'SS, as Toastmaster, called for to which there was a hearty response: Our College Presidents, James H. ' 7 3; T he Old Faculty, Tibbitts, F r a nk Benton, ' 7 9; T he Recent Faculty, Guy L. Stewart, ' 9 5; Our Coeds, Walter D. Groesbeck, ' 9 2; T he College Yell, E d w a rd N. P a g- elson, '89, ( and all present rising ); College Societies, Dick J. Crosby, ' 9 3; T he Present and Future, Lewis toasts '97. After S. Munson, Prof. Davenport gave a very inerest- ing talkfull of helpful suggestions on the field of work of our Agricul tural Colleges and the lines along which the influence of the Alumni may be extended to benefit our Alma Mater. A telegram of congratula tion from President Snyder was re ceived with enthusiasm. the T he following were present at the banquet: James H. Tibbitts, '73, Mrs. James H. Tibbitts, Donald McPherson, '74, E u g e ne Davenport, '78, Frank Benton, '79, Mrs. F r a nk Benton, 'ycj-'So, Miss Zoe Benton, Coie L. Himebaugh, '87, Miss Net tie B. Browne, Lyster H. Dewey, 'SS, Mrs. Lvster H. Dewev, 'Sa-'go, Fred I I. Hillman, 'SS, William A. Taylor, '8S, Mrs. William A. Tay lor, Miss Grace Taylor, Porter Ross Taylor, Edward N. Pagelson, 'S9, Walter D. Groesbeck, '92, Mrs. Walter D. Groesbeck, William P. '93, H a w l e y, Mary Lillian Wheeler, '93, William W. Tracy, '93, Clarence B. Smith, '94, William F. W i g h t, '94, Huron W. Lawson, '95, Guy L. Stewart, '95, J o hn E. W . T r a c y, '96, Sheldon B. Young, '96, Lewis S. Munson, '97, J. B. Stewart, ' 0 1, H a r ry N. Whitely, '9S-'oo, '92, Dick J. Crosby, L. H. D. Washington, D. C . J u ne 6, 1901. C. E. Calkins, '99, of Swartz Creek, spent J u ne 7 and S here. He is working hard on his farm. When in need "* FINE STATIONERY, INVITATIONS or C A R D S CALL ON Lawrence & Van Baren Printing Co. 122 Ottawa St. E. Lansing Mich. FULL MEASURE AND GOOD GRADES. THE RIKERD LUMBER 6 0. CALL AND SEE THEM. T he m a in item in Stoves is to get the best for t he least m o n e y. We h a ve t he nicest assortment ever in the city. Steel R a n g es $18.00 to $40.00; Cast Cook Stoves w i th to $25.00; Base Reservoir $16.00 Burner Coal Stoves to $25.00 $40.00; Soft Coal A i r - T i g ht Stoves $12.00 to $18.00; A i r - T i g ht W o od Stoves $5.00 to $9.00; Nice Oil Heaters $3.25 to $4.00. Everyone of t h em fully guaranteed. A nice line of Pocket Cutlery R a z o r s. Shears, in fact a n y t h i ng needed in the H a r d w a re Line y ou will find it and at prices to suit y o u, at NORTON'S HARDWARE, T he following officers have been treasurer, elected by the Feronian Society for Miss Katherine G u n n; marshals, the Fall T e rm and Maude Miss Harriett F a r r a n d; vice-presi- dent, Miss Elma Bowerman; secre- 1901: president, Misses Mary Ross tary, Miss Mary S m i t h; . Langford. SIMONS DRY GOODS CO. We i n v i te y o ur a t t e n t i on . to o ur N ew Line of . .. tM££jniS!!i: Suits, Jackets and Skirts. N EW " G R I F F I N" LINE of SPECIAL SALE of Shirt Waists In white and colored 75c to $5.00 Foulard Silks 88c per y a rd for $1.28 q u a l i t y. 59c per y a rd for 75c q u a l i t y. Simons Dry Goods Co. T h r ee Floors——1st, Dry Goods; 2d, S u i t s; 3d, C a r p e ts E l e v a t o r. Furniture Headquarters. C O f l P L E TE LINE OF FURNITURE FOR S T U D E N T S' ROOMS Woven Wire Springs at Woven Wire Cots at Mattresses at Chairs at A rm Chairs at Students Tables at SI.50, $2.00 and §2.50 51.50, $2.00 and §2.50 §1.75, §2.00, S2.50up 50c, 60c, 75c up §1.50, §1.75, $2.00 up §1.50, $1.75, $2.00 fl. J. & B. fl. Buck. You know The Spaulding Sweater is the athletic sweater of this country. While they may cost a trifle more t h an other makes, they are the cheapest on account of the additional wear. WEI'HAVE A COMPLETE LINE OF T HE M. A. C. SWEATERS at $3-75 ™* $4-5o Also a nice assortment of SPAULDING JERSEY SWEATERS. We are showing the most beautiful line of Negligee Shirts ever brought to this City. Elgin flifflin. y w y v wi , r V V ^ S ' % r V % < ^ ^ ' S « M « ' W,^ N ^ V V V W V ( . V ' , / ' J ' w ' t A ' V '1» V ' > ( ' » ^ l ' * « « i r V V " M,t f S » V ' « / ' Jl The "Rugby"} N ew R u g by last, heavy extension j soles, rope stitched clear around the > heel, made in tan and black Russian S > calf, also in patent leather. Oxfords Made in same styles for wear, brought out. " s w e l l e s t" the summer thing y e t; Prices $3.50 to $5.00? C. D. WOODBURY, HOLLISTER BLOCK. V W V W- ' V V V ^ i ' V V ' / . / > . ' * i ',. ' V ' . ',> ' ' wl^ " . ' V V V V V V ' . ' ^ 'l* ' . . ' H , ' »l' ' , i 'l» ' , ( ' ,( ,,1' t , ' ' , ( '1i '1( ' ,l' .i' -l' v ' . > V VuV1.' s Old Students. E. D. Osborne, sp. '93~'95 writes just the R E C O RD the Swift & Co., South to finished a successful year on road with St. Paul, Minn. that he has Miss E m ma Louden, with ' 0 1, was married to Mr. E. Harry Post Thursday, J u ne 20, at the home of her parents in Saginaw. Mr. and Mrs- Post will live at 804 Millard street, Saginaw, after J u ly 20. '93, We are to Mr. D. J. indebted the following: Crosby, for Guy L. Stewart, '95, has been elected State Pathologist of Mary land to succeed Prof. C. O. Town- send-who has resigned to enter the division of vegetable pathology, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Mr. C. C. Pashby, who graduated from our course in Mechanical Engineering with the class of 1894, is now located at 216 Elliott St., Memphis, Term. Mr. Pashby was doing very successful work until he was incapacitated for field work by a stroke of paralysis. He has now opened up an office, and solicits the patronage of the profession and others having drafting, mapping, knotty problems, tedious computa tions and general office work to per form. He guarantees perfect satis faction. I lis college friends who know him well feel assured that he to all those will render satisfaction desiring such service. He was a good student, faithful teacher and successful in all his work since leav ing College. T wo of Professor Smith's Recent Trips. A visit to the Pan-American at the State Buffalo recently revealed buildings and State exhibits nearly all complete. T he exhibits from the South American Republic are natur ally a little slow in their installation. T he walks and grounds are ap proaching completion, twelve hun dred men being at work. T he show as a whole is very creditable and worthy the study of anyone inter ested in the progress of agriculture, manufacture and art in the Western Hemisphere. T he so-called Court compares very favorably with the one at Chicago in '93. Takvorian was much in evidence in Buffalo in a new and somewhat gaudy uniform, initiating the rustic and unwary into the mysteries of the great exhibit. to a T he Upper Peninsula Experi ment Station was visited by the Honorable L. Whitney Watkins, of the board and the director on Tues day, J u ne 11th. A severe freeze on the Saturday night preceding, at which time the thermometer fell to 25 degrees for several hours, had ruined the prospect of a full crop of the small fruits, which had been very promising. T he currants were about the size of BB shot and were frozen Strawberries jelly. were just going out of blossom, and may yet bear a reasonable crop. Of the 160 acres belonging to the Col lege, something over 20 acres are cleared. Four acres are set out to trees, mainly apple, but with fruit some plums T he and house and barn are completed, and Superintendent Geismar will move in before the first of J u l y. T he soil of the station is very fertile and it is a misfortune of the Upper Peninsula run that railroads through vast barren tracts, giving the traveller an entirely erroneous principal cherries. its T HE M, A. C. R E C O R D. J U NE 25, 1901. idea of the true agricultural value of that Peninsula as a whole. It was to be rioted that the.north ern part of the State had not been so continuously deluged as southern Michigan this spring. c. D. s. A b o ut t he C a m p u s. Eugene Gregory, '78, was on the grounds Thursday. Miss Catharine Watkins, '98, is visiting Miss Grace Lundy. Miss Irma Thompson, '00, spent commencement week with Miss O'Connor in Lansing and attended the various functions. M r. Burt L. Green, of Alpena, and his wife (formerly Miss Grace A. Melton with '01,) were visitors here during commencement week. T h ey brought their automobile with them. Mr. Pettit reports finding a mealy bug on the roots of sugar beet. T he insect does not seem 10 do serious d a m a g e; but it is rather an odd place to find a member of the coccidce or scale insects. T he Themian Society have elected the following officers for next year: President, Miss Nolan; vice-presi dent, Miss Elsie Morrison; secre tary, Miss Katherine Slaght; treas urer, Miss Clare D e a n; R E C O RD re porter, Miss Bessie Cordley. A m o ng the Feronians who re turned to College for the commence ment festivities were Misses Ella Phelps, Blanche H u h n, Mable Bohn and Gertrude Elliott, w i t h ' 0 1. Miss Martha Rich, with ' 0 1, spent Sun day here. L O S T —A pair of rimless eye the If glasses with gold spring. finder will kindiv return to thern Miss Lundy, or leave them with the librarian, a suitable reward will be given. Lost, also, a small seal purse containing postoffice key and post age to Miss Lundv. stamps, belonging Progress in Education. a thorough in English and Several brief notes have appeared in the R E C O RD recently which were intended to impress our young men and women with the fact that there never was such a time as this for education, acquiring the sci especially ences. Here is another note. J. P. Cooke, Professor of Chemistry at Harvard from 1S50 to 1S94, recog nized the fact that science can be taught properly only by experiment, and in 1S51 a modest beginnit g was made by fitting up a laboratory in the cellar of University Hall, where he received voluntary pupils, of whom President Elliot was the first; but it took seven years of ban fight ing to introduce this laboratory work as part of the regular college course. In 1858, only 43 years a g ), did chemistry at Harvard occupy a re spectable place on the first floor of a fine building. T he same year witnessed the first class in analytical chemistry at the University of Michi In 1S63, only five years after, gan. Dr. Kedzie entered upon his long career as chemist of this College with laboratory practice as a promi nent feature first; and from Professor Fiske had preceded Dr. Kedzie in teaching chemistry for six years, i. e., in 1S57, antedating Har vard by one year in teaching chem istry as a part of a regular course of study, and still by some, chemistry is spoken of as an old science. the We Welcome THE STUDENTS' RETURN AT THE M. A. C. It gives new life to the Capital City. We cordially invite all to make their home at our store. Mr. H o m er Burton and Mr. A r t h ur H a rt will make daily trips to every one w ho desires to see them on the M. A. C. grounds or in the vicinity. If you are not called upon drop us a postal and we will call. Samples sent on application. We Guarantee Satisfaction. Visit Donsereaox's Department s t ik and ttie Donsereaux Glotning and Grocery Store. 312 to 320 Washington A v e. South. One door south of Hotel Downey. CHAS. A. PIELLA JEWELER AND OPTICIAN. DIAMONDS, WATCHES, JEWELRY, CLOCKS, SILVERWARE, ART GOODS. Repairing Nneatly Done. 121 W a s h i n g t on A v e. N ., L a n s i n g, M i c h. ALL MEATS May look a l i ke to you, but t h e re is a v e ry g r e at difference in the quality we h a n t h at sold by s o me o t h er m a r k e t s. dle a nd t he v e ry best. L i ke We h a n d le n o ne but the p u d d i n g, t he proof of good m e a ts is in the e a t i n g. A trial will convince you t h at you ought to t r a de with u s. We make daily trips to the College. BOTH PHONES. Careful attention given to 'phone orders. GOTTLIEB REUTTER. Washington Ave. South. DIRECTORY M FURNITURE DEALERS. J. & B. M. BUCK.—Furniture. Cor. Wash ington Avenue and Ionia Street. See ad. LANSING BUSINESS and PROFESSIONAL M E N — -* T he n a m es in this Directory, as well as those of all o ur o t h er a d v e r t i s e r s, a re of reli able p a r t i e s. We hope t h at t he faculty a nd s t u d e n ts will t a ke pains to patronize those who patronize u s. ARCHITECTS. W JUDDCUM1NGS—Architect. Sparta, -Mich. Rural architecture a specialty. Patronage of M. A. C. men solicited, BARBERS. J H. WOOD—Barber. 106 Michigan Avenue E. College work especially solicited. BOOKS AND STATIONERY. . C ITY BOOK STORE. Fountain Pens, Drafting Tools, Stationery, Cards Engraved, Pictures and Picture Framing. Tennis, Football and Base ball goods. Grotty Bros., 206 Wash. Ave. N". T ANSING BOOK A ND P A P ER CO. Water- \j man and Sterling Fountain Pens, Stationery, Pictures, Frames, Wall Paper. 120 Wash. Ave, N. BICYCLES AND ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES. APITOL ELECTRIC CO. c c D. WOODBURY.—Boots and Shoes. We shoe the students. See ad. . BOOTS AND SHOES. CLOTHING. Hats and Caps. 112 Washington Ave. North. LOUIS BECK.—Clothier. Gents' Furnishings, H KOSITC'HEK & BRO.—Clothing and Dry . Goods. 113 Wash. Ave. N. 210 Wash. Ave. S. CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE. H H. LARNED.—China, Glass and Lamps. 105 Washington Ave, S. DENTISTS. R W. MORSE, D. D. S. D E. P A B M E L E E- Holiister Block, Room 517. E. PA«MELEE—Dentist. 218 Washington Ave. S>t Lansing, ] , Mich. * DEPARTMENT STORE. DONSEREAUX'S D E P A R T M E NT STORE . is the place to trade. You can get a warm lunch in our cafe for 10c. See ad. DRUGGISTS. R OUSER'S CAPITAL DRUG STORE. Up to date. Corner store. Opposite Holiister Block. DRY GOODS. SIMONS DRY GOODS COMPANY. — Dry Goods and Carpets. See ad. FURNISHING GOODS. HACK AND BAGGAGE LINES. O RDER your hacks for parties at Carr's Hack Line. Livery in connection. 410 Washington Ave. N. HARDWARE, STOVES AND TINWARE. Ill Washington Ave. South. See ad. Stoves, Tinware, Graniteware, Cutlery, etc. N ORTON'S HARDWARE—General Hardware, J ACOB STAHL & SOX,—Wholesale and Re tail Hardware and House Furnishings. 211 and 213 Washington Avenue North. HARNESS, TRUNKS, ETC. J W. EDMOND'S SONS—Keep the finest stock of Trunks, Traveling Bags, Pocket Books and Leather Goods in the city. Also a full line of harness and horse goods. Repair shop in connec tion. 107 Washington Ave. south. INSURANCE. THE DYER-JENISON-BARRY CO., LTD., Incorporated) Holiister Block. All kinds of the oest insurance. Strongest agency in city. JEWELERS. B P. RICHMOND—Watchmaker, Jeweler and Engraver. 200-202 Washington Avenue N. LAUNDRIES. T HE VANGORDER PALACE LAUNDRY. Col- lesre agents, Rudolph and Mills. S. P. Lantz, Prop. ' P A K V O R I AN & JEWELL.—Agents for STAR 1 LAUNDRY. We return your work on Thurs day p. m. Either high polish or dull finish. No saw-edge collars. MANICURE AND HAIRDRESS1NG. M RS. O. T. CASE—Mauicure and Hairdressing Parlors. Masquerade wigs for rent. All styles of hair goods m stock or manufactured on short notice. New 'phone 118. 222VS Washington Avenue S., up stairs. MERCHANT TAILORS. trade solicited. Opposite Hotel Downey, North. WOODBURY & SAVAGE.—Tailors. Student JOHN HERRMANN'S SONS. Fine Tailoring. 218 Washington Avenue N. MUSIC, PIANOS, ETC. THE POST & BRISTOL CO. Pianos and every thing in the line of music and musical instru ments. 219 Washington Ave. N., Lansing, Mich. OCULISTS. J OSEPH FOSTER, M. D.—Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat. Hours 9 to 12 A. M. City National Bank Building, Lansing. PHYSICIANS. A D. HAGADORN. M. D.—Office hours, 11 to 12 A. M., 2 to 4 and 7 to 8 P. M. Office at 212 Washington Avenue S.; home 419 Seymour St. RESTAURANTS. GILBERT M. HASTY, Proprietor Hasty's Gem Lunch. Best meals and lunches in the city. Quiet place for adies. 113 Wash, Ave. S. w. 1. B. ELGIN MIFFLIN.—Ladies' and Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods. See ad.