SU  9iL  a  ©. 

^cor^ 

V O L.  7. 

L A N S I N G,  M I C H I G A N,  T U E S D A Y,  M A R CH  4,  1902. 

• 

N o.  24 

T he  Great  Agricultural  Meeting. 

that 

T he  meeting  announced  in  a  pre 
vious  issue,  the  joint  meeting-  of  the 
Michigan  Political  Science  Asso 
ciation  and 
the  Michigan  Farmers' 
Institutes,  was  a  great  success.  T he 
weather  from  Tuesday  until  Friday 
morning  was ideal—brilliant  sunshine 
and  warm,  spring-like  atmosphere. 
large, 
T he 
attendance  was  very 
beginning  on  Tuesday 
afternoon 
with  some  37^  people  and  steadily 
increasing  until  on  Wednesday  even 
ing  the  great  armory  was  crowded 
to  its  utmost  capacity.  T h e re  were 
no  disappointments  in  the  program 
the  Hon.  Gifford  Pin-
except 
chot,  Chief  of  the  Division  of  For 
estry,  Washington,  D.  C,  was  pre 
vented 
T he 
from  being  present. 
program  was  somewhat  systemati 
to 
cally  arranged 
struct  the  three  great  forces  opera 
the 
tive  on  rural  life, 
preacher,  and 
to 
work  toward  directing  and  blending 
the  efforts  of  all  to  the  best  advant 
age  for 
the  common  good.  T he 
joint  sessions  of  the  two  organiza 
tions  extended  through  the  evening 
of  W e d n e s d a y;  Tuesday  afternoon 
and  evening  being especiaily  devoted 
to  education,  Wednesday  morning 
to  forestry,  Wednesday  afternoon  to 
the  church  and  farmers'  organiza 
to 
tions,  and  Wednesday  evening 
T he 
agriculture  and 
four  remaining  sessions  were  of  the 
F a r m e r s'  Institutes  alone,  and  had 
as  subjects  of  discussion,  sugar-beet 
raising,  stock-farming, 
and 
vegetables,  and  butter  production. 

the  farmer, 
the  teacher—and 

interest  and 

the  State. 

fruit 

in-, 

HIGHER  EDUCATION. 

the 

Mr.  Hill  in  a  few 

T he  first  meeting,  on  the  after 
noon  of  Tuesday,  F e b.  25,  was  pre 
sided  over  by  Hon.  A r t h ur  Hill  of 
Saginaw.  T he  music  for  the  after 
noon  was  furnished  by  the  choir  of 
the  State  Industrial  School  and  was 
audience. 
greatly  enjoyed  by 
introductory 
remarks  stated  that  the  object  of  the 
meeting  was  to  bring  together 
for 
mutual  helpfulness  the  thinker  who 
toils  and  the  toiler  who  thinks.  He 
expressed  regret  at  the  absence  of 
Hon.  D.  M.  F e r r y,  president  of  the 
Michigan  Political  Science  Associa 
tion,  whom  he  eulogized  as  of 
the 
best  type  of  citizenship  in  the  State. 
He  contrasted  the  two  bodies  gath 
ered  together. 
"  F a r m e r 's  organiza 
tions  have  a  propaganda;  political 
scientists  are  rather  academic.  We 
point  the  way,  you  make  the  way. 
have  views,  but  we  do  not 
We 
advocacy  of 
put 
into 
vim 
this  dis 
them."  Notwithstanding 
claimer,  Mr.  Hill  put  much 
feeling 
into  his  denunciation  of  the  agitation 
the 
for  aid 
tariff  on  her  output  of  sugar.  This 
agitation  he  attributed  to  Havemeyer 
and  the  sugar 
that 
clergymen,  college  professors,  etc., 
were  indoctrinated  by  the  tracts  sent 
out 
[ Q u e r y. 
source. 
is  the  value  of  education,  if 
W h at 
in 
the  best  educated  classes 
the 
to  " i n 
State  fall  so  easy  a  prey 
question 
doctrination" 
from 
able  a  source? 
It  would  be  interest 
ing  and  instructive  to  know  whether 
in  Mr.  Hill's  opinion  such  lack  of 
penetration 
is  the  rule,  or  whether 
this  is  an  isolated  case.  E d .] 

to  Cuba  by  reducing 

trust,  asserting 

from 

this 

the 

so 

to  mean 

" E c o n o m ic  Value  of 

Industrial 
Education."  This  topic,  the  first  on 
the  program,  was  treated  by  Presi 
dent J.  L.  Snyder  of  the  Agricultural 
College.  Dr.  Snyder  briefly  defined 
industrial  education 
tech 
nical  education.  He  gave  a  short 
summary  of  the  history  of  technical 
education  in  the  U.  S.  as  embodied 
in  the  land-grant  schools—all  origi 
nated  within  the  last  fifty  years—and 
exemplified 
the  recently  added 
technical  departments  of  the  great 
universities,  in  such  schools  as 
the 
Armour  Institute,  and  in  the  many 
manual  training  schools. 

in 

It 

their 

"  It  is  the  young 

erties  and  invent  new  uses  for  by 
products. 
tech 
nically  trained  men  that  are  causing 
is 
tbi>»  country  to  forge  ahead. 
impossible  to  exaggerate 
im 
portance  to  the  industrial  develop 
ment  of  the  country.  T h u s,  for  in 
stance,  dairy  schools  have  been  of 
immense  utility  to  certain  sections  of 
the  country. 
In  Wisconsin,  as  the 
result  of  dairy  instruction  the  dairy-
interests  of 
in 
creased  twenty-five  per  cent." 
T he  increased  value  of 
duct  turned  out  is  still  more 
tant  than 

the  pro 
impor 
the  quantity.  Here  Dr. 

the  country  have 

SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE 
WILSON. 

DR.  R.  C  KEDZIE. 

These  gentlemen  were  introduced  to  the  convention  as  having  done  more  for  the  sugar-beet 
industry  in  the  United  States  than  any  other  meu,  and  by  a  rising  vote  were  invited  to  take 
seats  on  the  platform  during  the  sugar-beet  session. 

and 

to  show 

technical 

in  quality 

He  then  proceeded 

the 
direct  connection  between  national 
progress 
training. 
" No  nation,"  said  he,  "  can  afford 
to  import  articles  which  her  own 
T he 
artisans  can  manufacture." 
excellence  of  goods  offered 
is  di 
rectly  dependent  on  the  training  of 
these  artisans.  England's  commerce 
began  to  fall  off  as  soon  as  the  arti 
cles  she  exported  were  found  to  be 
inferior 
to  those  made 
elsewhere.  Superiority  is  brought 
about  only  by 
the  application  of 
science  to  the  processes  of  manufac 
ture.  Mr.  Carnegie  was 
first 
man  t© employ  a  trained  chemist  in 
connection  with  the  management  of 
a  blast  furnace.  Rapidly,  in  every 
department  of  industry,  a  corps  of 
trained  specialists  has  been  added  as 
an  indispensable  part  of 
the  work 
ing  force,  to  direct  processes,  to  im 
prove  methods,  to  solve  problems  of 
handling,  and  to  discover  new  prop 

the 

indicated 

fungi,  how 

insects  and 

the  great  work 
Snyder 
the  experiment  stations  have 
that 
the  Bab-
done.  He  showed  how 
cock  test  has  improved 
the  quality 
of  the  dairy  herd,  how  the  beautiful 
fruit  orchards  of 
the  West  Shore 
are  due  to  the  invention  of  spray 
ing  as  a  method  of  fighting  destruc 
tive 
the 
beet-sugar  industry  originated  in  the 
work  of  the  experiment  stations. 
After  speaking  at  length  of 

the 
in  this  country  by 
results  attained 
industrial 
training,  he  considered 
results in  other  countries.  Germany 
has  established  schools  for 
training 
handicraftsmen,  with  the  result  that 
her  ports  are  busy  with  the  exporting 
of  goods  " m a de  in  Germany."  Sys 
tematically  she  has  given  training  in"1 
an  ever  widening  range  of  activities. 
T he  German 
takes  up  a  given  sub 
ject  with  the  determination  to  know 
all  that  the  world  knows  about 
the 
matter  and  a little  more  besides.  Of 

for 

fabrics, 

textile 
instance,  es 
pecially  silks,  a  great  quantity  was 
from  France. 
originally 
N ow  that  import  has  been  changed 
to  export  and  to  France  itself. 

imported 

E n g l a n d,  on 

has  declined. 

the  contrary,  has 
neglected  industrial  training  and  her 
These 
commerce 
facts'England  has  discovered,  and  is 
the 
earnestly  striving 
conditions  by  establishing 
schools 
over  large  areas. 

remedy 

to 

In  the  amelioration  of  the  condi 
tion  of  the  nations,  industrial  educa 
tion  is  to  be  the  great  factor. 

treated 

investigation 

Dr.  H.  C.  Adams,  of  the  Univer 
sity,  who  spoke  next,  prefaced  his 
remarks  by  regretting  the  necessary 
absence  of  President  A n g e l,  who,  it 
was  originally  intended,  should  treat 
this  topic. 
In  discussing  his  subject, 
Dr.  Adams  insisted  first  of  all  that 
include 
Higher  Education  must 
besides  general  and  technical  train 
ing  the  prosecution  of  original  inves 
institutions  must  be 
tigation.  T he 
centers  of 
the 
and 
investigator. 
teacher  must  be  an 
three 
He 
the  subject  from 
points  of  view,  (1)  that  of 
those 
who  seek  higher  education,  ( 2)  that 
of  those  who  employ  those  who  re 
ceive  the  education,  and  ( 3)  that  of 
the  political,  social,  and 
industrial 
conditions  brought  about. 
•  Consideration  from  the  first  point 
of  view  he  dismissed 
somewhat 
summarily,  declaring  the  advantage 
reaped  by  the  immediate  beneficiary 
a  matter  of  minor  importance. 
" It 
is important, however,"  said  he,  "that 
the  best  and  highest  education  should 
lie  open  to  all, so  that  education  may 
never  become  an  aristocratic  affair. 
There  is  no  more  democratic  insti 
tution  than  the  University." 

Passing 

to  his  second 

division, 

the  charac 
Dr.  Adams  considered 
ter  of  the  service  rendered  by 
those 
who  have  received  this  higher  edu 
cation. 
Specialization  is  the  trend 
of  the  age.  T he  product  of  special 
ization  is  the  expert.  T he  motive 
to  become  an  expert  is  possibly  per 
sonal,  but  the  result  does  not  stop 
with 
is  no 
possibility  of  producing  the  expert 
without  raising  the  entire  class. 

individual.  T h e re 

the 

a 

as 

He 

case 

cited 

that  in 

An  expert  physician  means  a 
highly  developed  science  of  medi 
cine,  means  discovery  of  causes  of 
disease,  means  control  of  diseases. 
Incidentally,  he  stated 
this 
field  no  institution  had  made  more 
important  contributions 
to  science 
than  had  the  University  of  Mich 
in 
igan. 
point,  the  virulence  of  diphtheria. 
It  used  fo  be  dreaded  as 
.almost 
surely  fatal.  One  case  out  of  every 
two  was the  rate  of  mortality.  N ow 
the  rate  is  one  case  in 
the 
result  of  technical  education  and  in 
vestigation.  Excellence  is  far  more 
important  to  the  patient  than  to  the 
Individually  to  the  phy 
physician. 
is  a  question  merely  of 
sician 
attainment  —• to  be  better 
relative 
than  others  of  his  class.  To  the  ex 
it  is  a  question  of  absolute  ex 
pert 
cellence. 
of  society 
T he  good 
requires  a  high  degree  of  excellence 
the  part  of  all  practitioners. 
on 
the  State  is  fully  justified  in 
Hence 
establishing  schools  for  high 
tech 
nical  education. 

ten,  as 

it 

T he 

third 

that  of 
head, 
(Continued  on  second  page.) 

the 

2 

T HE  M.  A.  C. 

R E C O R D. 

M A R CH  4, 

1902. 

THE  M. A.  C. RECORD. 

PUBLISHED  W E E K LY  BY  T HE 

HIGfllGAN  AGRICULTURAL  GOLLEGE. 
EDITED  BY  THE  FACULTY, 
ASSISTED  BY  THE  STUDENTS. 
SUBSCRIPTIONS  SHOULD  BE  SENT  TO T HE  SEC 
RETARY,  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE,  MICH. 

STJBSCBIPTIOJf, 

- 

-  50  CENTS  PEB  YEAB. 

Send  money  by P.  O.  Money  Order,  Draft,  or 
Registered  Letter.  Do  not  send  stamps. 

Business  Office  with  LAWRENCE  & VAN  BUREN 
Printing  Co., 122 Ottawa  Street 
East,  Lansing,  Mich. 

Entered  as second-class  matter  at Lansing,  Mich. 

For  various  reasons  THE  M.  A.  C.  RECORD  IS 
occasionally  sent  to  those  who  have  not  sub 
scribed  for  the paper.  Such  persons  need  have 
no hesitation  about  taking  the  paper  from  the 
postofflce,  for  no  charge  will  be  made  for  it. 
The only way,  however,  to  secure  THE  RECORD 
regularly  is to  subscribe. 

Communications  and  other  matter  pertaining 
to the contents  of  the  RECORD  should  be  sent  to 
Howard  Edwards,  Editor  of  the  RECORD. 

Record  Staff. 

HOWARD  EDWARDS. 
P.  H.  STEVENS. 

H. H. Hornbeck,  of  the Adelphic  Society. 
G. S. Pratt,  of  the Columbian  Society. 
T. G. Phillips,  of  the  Eclectic  Society. 
Miss  Grace  Lundy,  of  the  Feronian  Society. 
A. A. Rosenberry,  of  the  Hesperian  Society. 
W.  R. Wright,  of the  Olympic  Society. 
Homer  Eaton,  of the Phi  Delta  Society. 
Miss  Dora  Skeels,  of the Themian  Society. 
Jos.  P.  Haftencamp,  of  the  Union  Literary 

Society. 

H. N. Hornbeck,  of  the Y. M. C. A. 

We  would  call  the  especial  atten 
tion  of  our  students  to  the  fact 
that 
the  College  hospital  has  been  thor 
oughly  and  scientifically  disinfected, 
the  infected  bedding  destroyed  and 
everything 
renovated 
thoroughly 
and  renewed  since  the  supposed  case 
of  smallpox 
there.  No  one  need 
fear  infection  in  seeking  rest  or  re 
cuperation  under  the  efficient  care 
of  Miss  Ketcham.  We  hope 
that 
those  needing  her  care  will  not  hesi 
tate 
to  seek  it,  as  they  have  been 
accustomed  to  do  previously. 

It  will  be  a  matter  of  regret 
to 
the  many  friends  of  Secretary  A. 
that  his  business  interests 
C.  Bird 
the 
have  necessitated  his  resigning 
office  of  secretary  of  the  College. 
to  his  effi 
T he  high  compliment 
ciency  paid  by 
the  Hon.  Henry 
H u m p h r ey  and  printed  in  another 
column  will  be  heartily  concurred 
in  by  all  his  associates.  Mr.  Bird 
will  remain  with  us  for  some  months 
yet,  and  will  meanwhile,  we  under 
stand,  build  a  home  on  his  property 
the  College 
near 
in  Oakwood, 
-grounds.  T he  College  community 
will  be  glad  to  know  that  the  pleas 
ant  social  relations  formed  with  him 
and  his  family  are  not  to  be  severed. 

We  were  sorry  not  to  be  able  to 
attend  the  reading  by  Fred  Emerson 
Brooks,  poet-humorist.  We  under 
stand  that  it  was  thoroughly  enjoyed 
by  a  large  number  of  people.  On 
next  Friday,  March  7,  the  next 
number  provided  by  the  M.  A.  C. 
Lecture  Association,  a  lecture  by 
the  noted  pulpit  orator,  Thomas 
Dixon,  Jr.,  of  N ew  Y o rk  City, 
will 
armory. 
T he  New  Tork  Herald  says of  him: 
"A  brilliant  young  preacher  of  in 
tense  earnestness,  and  a  fearless  in 
dependence."  A  special  price  of 
that 
fifty  cents  for  this  lecture  and 
of  Prof.  A.  L.  Colton 
follow 
has  been  made.  We  should  advise 
all  who  do  not  have  season  tickets 
to  take  advantage  of  this  rate. 

place 

take 

the 

in 

to 

to 
D r.  Kedzie  has  allowed  us 
publish  the  following  paper.  We 
feel  sure  that  each  and  every  mem 
ber  of  the  College  constituency  will 

feel  a  personal  interest  and  pride  in 
the  unusual 
to  our 
honored  friend  and  associate: 

compliment 

To  our  dear  Dr. 

Kedzie: 

W e, 

about 

the  Chicago  boys  of  M.  A. 
our  banquet 
C.  gathered 
board  feel  a  sense  of  keen 
regret 
that  you  cannot  be  with  us,  and 
desire  to  convey  to  you  our  high 
esteem  and  heart  felt  wish  that  you 
may  continue  to  enjoy  in  the  fullest 
measure  the  fruits  of  your 
labor, 
which  have  added  so  much  to  our 
success. 

We  each  and  all  send  you  greet 

ing. 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

Class  ' 8 1, 
C.  R.  Dart, 
'83. 
« 
J.  H.  Smith, 
'88. 
« 
J.  A.  Wesener, 
' 9 1. 
" 
C.  F.  Wheeler, 
'84. 
" 
C.  E.  Smith, 
'86. 
" 
W m.  R.  Rummler, 
'80  to  '82. 
" 
L.  K.  Woodman, 
'86. 
" 
A.  E.  Brown, 
- 
'90. 
" 
W m.  J.  Meyers,  - 
'91. 
" 
- 
E.  P.  Safford, 
'83. 
" 
- 
A.  W.  Mather, 
' 8 7 - ' 89. 
H.  H.  Doty, 
« 
- 
'86. 
Philip  B. Woodworth  " 
'94. 
" 
J o hn  W.  Perrigo, 
'96. 
" 
Joseph  Beauvais, 
'92. 
" 
W m.  P.  Hawley, 
'96. 
« 
W.  A.  Rider, 
' 9 1. 
" 
M.  E.  Greeson, 
'88. 
'' 
G.  L.  Teller, 
'85. 
" 
E.  S.  Antisdale, 
'92. 
" 
C.  Hulburd, 
'97. 
" 
W.  R.  Goodwin, 
'96. 
« 
J o hn  F.  Nellist, 
'94. 
" 
Geo.  E.  Simmons, 
'96. 
" 
Geo.  N.  Eastman, 
" 
J o hn  D.  Nies, 
'94. 
- 
"  — 
C.  E.  H o y t, 
"  — 
August  F.  F r e y, 
- 
' 0 1. 
" 
S . J . K e n n e d y, 
" 
E.  L.  Simmons, 
'97. 
- 
"  — 
Alex.  W.  Mosely, 
'98. 
" 
H.  C.  Skeels, 
- 
'98. 
F.  W.  Robison, 
" 
'89. 
Thomas  F.  McGrath  » 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

Chicago,  111  ,  March  the  first,  1902. 

Y.  M.  C.  A. 

Prayer  meeting  Thursday  even 
ing  was 
led  by  Burr  T.  Hesse. 
T he  number  present  was  smaller 
the  meeting 
than  usual,  but  what 
it  made  up  in 
lacked 
spirit  and  interest. 

in  numbers 

Chapel  services  Sunday  morning 

were  conducted  by  R e v.  E.  Sin 
clair  Smith,  pastor  of 
the  Pilgrim 
church,  Lansing. 
Congregational 
His  theme  was,  " I  am  the  true  vine, 
and  my  Father  is  the  husbandman. 
Every  branch 
that  beareth 
in  me 
not  fruit  he  taketh  a w a y;  and  every 
branch  that  beareth  fruit,  he  purg-
eth  it,  that  it  may  bring  forth  more 
fruit." 

J o hn  15:1-2. 

This  was  one  of  the  most  practi 
cal  sermons  we  have  had  this  school 
year,  and  surely  all  present  could 
find  something  of  special  value  for 
themselves  in  this  sermon. 

in 

family 

abstract 

profound 

the  human 

T he  union  meeting  of  the  Y.  M. 
and  Y.  W.  C.  A.  Sunday  evening 
was  led  by  D r.  Edwards.  T h e m e, 
Prayer.  Dr.  Edwards  by  a  course 
of 
reasoning 
proved  that  as  there  was  a  natural 
tendency 
to 
pray  there  was  of  necessity  a  corre 
sponding  something  or  power 
to 
pray  to.  T he  argument  was  deep 
and  of  great  value 
to  all  present, 
the  conclusion  was  final  and  con 
vincing.  Christ  says,  "  P r ay  ear 
nestly  that  ye  enter  not  into  temp 
tation." 
Jesus  Christ  prayed  often 
and 
the  live  Christian  of  necessity 
must  pray  "  without  ceasing." 

H.  N.  H. 

A  Great  Agricultural  Meeting. 

T HE  S H I F T I NG  OF  RURAL  POPULATION. 

elaborated 

(Continued  from  first  page.) 
general  services  rendered  to  society 
by  higher  education,  was  still  more 
three 
largely 
the  condition  of 
divisions  —  ( a) 
prosperity; 
industrial 
t he 
( b) 
the  condition  of  rural 
changes 
life;  and  ( c) 
the  general  question 
of  what  makes  life  worth  living. 

under 

in 

invention 
Every 

As  showing  the  changed 

requi 
sites  for 
industrial  prosperity,  Dr. 
Adams  traced  the  history  of  inven 
tion,  showing  that  in  the  18th  cen 
tury  invention  was  largely  an  acci 
is 
dental  matter.  N ow 
great 
itself  a  profession. 
industry  employs  a  corps  of 
in 
schools  of 
ventors, 
experts;  and 
for 
higher  education  are  necessary 
the  making  of  experts.  W i t h o ut 
such  schools  we  should 
the 
take  advantage  of  our 
ability 
to 
conditions.  He 
to 
Germany  as  illustrating  this  same 
condition.  He  showed  the  rivalry 
existing  between  the  great  nations, 
and  how  the German  consular  agents, 
the  means  used 
to 
trade,  were  re 
enlarge  and  direct 
to  pass 
quired 
showed, 
rigid  examinations.  He 
also,  how  our  own  university 
is 
striving 
larger  demands 
through  its  commercial  courses. 

to  be  experts  and 

by  Germany 

to  meet 

referred 

then 

lose 

Under 

life  to  the  nation  and 

the  second  division  Dr. 
Adams  laid  stress  on  the  importance 
of  rural 
the 
fact  that, with  isolation overcome,  the 
toward 
trend  of  society  would  be 
rather  than  away  from  the  country. 
We  are  on  the  eve  of  a  great  social 
revolution  whose  meaning  for  good 
no  man  can  measure.  This 
is  all 
brought  about  by  the  extension  of 
electric  roads, by  rural  mail  delivery, 
by 
telephone.  These  are  all 
due  to  the  professor  working  with 
his  students  in  the  laboratory,  and 
this  professor  is  possible  only  by  the 
generosity  of  the  people. 

the 

the 

T he  third  division,  the  service  ren 
through 
dered  by  higher  education 
laid 
general  culture,  Dr.  Adams 
' ' S u p 
even  greater  stress  upon. 
pose,"  said  he,  "  all  physical  condi 
tions  perfect,  what  would  give  worth 
it  not 
and  dignity  to  life?  Would 
in  our 
interest 
be 
intelligent 
t he 
surroundings?  A nd 
o wn 
strength  of  such  interest  would  de 
pend  on  the  degree  of  intelligence. 
T he  university  and  the  college  are 
the  guardians  of  that 
intelligence. 
T he  intercourse  between  these  and 
the  people  should  be  and  will  be 
more  frequent.  T h en  there  would 
be  no  question  of  retaining  the  cul 
ture  departments.  Our  very 
form 
of  government  and  the  most  sacred 
are 
principles  of  our 
threatened  by  commercialism.  T he 
only  remedy  for  all  this  is  the  sub 
stitution  of  a  higher  interest  in  life 
than  commercialism. 

institutions 

the 

to  discuss 

Hon.  H.  R.  Pattengill  was  called 
two  preceding 
on 
papers  and  spoke  at  some 
length 
advocating  the  value  of  the  culture 
side  of  education  as  over  against  the 
utilitarian  side.  T he  riches  of  our 
commonwealth  are  not  primarily 
our  natural  advantages. 

is  possible 

"  More  to  us  than  gold  or  grain 
Are  cunning  hands  and  cultured  brain." 
Don't  forget  that  the  teacher  is  a 
investigator. 

teacher  as  well  as  an 
that  we  may  over 
It 
the  useful.  We  need 
emphasize 
logically  and 
think 
men  who  can 
clearly.  T he  power  to  think  is  the 
great  end  of  education,  and 
it  does 
not  matter  whether  the  boy  gets  his 
education  through  geometry  or  ag 
riculture. 

The  last  paper  on  the  program  for 

the 
afternoon,  while  not  on  the  same  subject  as 
the  others,  had  an  interest  and  value  of  its 
own. 
It  was  by  Dr.  C.  H.  Cooley,  and  was 
packed  with  facts,  some  of  which  we  briefly 
summarize. 

The  line  between  rural  and  urban  popula 
tion  is  drawn  in  the  census  at  cities  of  less 
than  8000  population.  On  that  basis  in  the 
year  1800  the  percent,  of population  classed 
In  1880 it had  become  22.8; 
as  urban  was  4. 
in  1890,  29.2;  in  1900,  33  1.  The  per  cent, 
last 
does  not  increase  so  rapidly 
decade  as  in  the  one  preceding. 
In  Mich 
igan  the  ratios  have  been  about  the  same. 

in  the 

Taking  the  161  cities  that  now  have  over 
25,000  poplation  we  find  that  they  increased 
49.5  per  cent,  between  '80  and  '90,  and  32.8 
per  cent,  between  '90  and  1900.  During  the 
same  period 
the  population  of  the  whole 
increased  24.9  and  20.7  per  cent. 
country 
Here  again,  although  the  cities  are  growing 
faster  than  the  whole  country,  the  difference 
is  not  as  great  as  in  the  previous  decade. 
In  our  own  state 
the  growth  of  our  five 
large  cities,  Detroit,  Grand  Rapids,  Bay 
City,  Saginaw  and  Jackson,  fell  from  85  per 
cent,  to  30  per  cent,  while  that  of  the  state 
fell  only  from  28 to  18 per  cent. 

In  the  country  at  large  the  population  of 
settled  rural  districts  in  the  northern  states 
is  actually  diminishing,  and  has  been  for 
twenty-five  years.  Towns  of less  than  1,000 
population  are  included  as  rural.  In  Illinois 
upon  66 per  cent,  or  two-thirds  of  the  area 
of  the  state  population  decreased  between 
1880 and  1890. 
In  Iowa  the  per  cent  of  sur 
face  showing  a  decrease  was  43, in  Ohio,  61; 
in  New  York,  83;  in  Michigan,  27.  The 
only  reason  why  Michigan  shows  so  small 
an  area  of  decrease, 
to 
1880  only  the  lower  part  of  the  Southern 
Peninsula  was  opened  to  agriculture. 

that  previous 

is 

'So  and 

Twenty-three  of  the  twenty-eight  counties 
in  the  four  southern  tiers  of  the  State  show 
'90,  diminution  of  rural 
between 
population.  The  five  counties  forming 
the 
are  Kent,  Allegan,  Ottawa, 
exceptions 
Wayne,  and  Berrien.  North  of  this 
line 
only  one  county,  Montcalm,  showed  a  de 
crease 
'90  and 
in  that  decade.  Between 
1900,  the  four  southern  tiers  still  show  a  de 
crease,  all  but  six  having  fallen  off.  Ottawa, 
increase; 
Wayne,  and  Berrien  still  show  an 
Kent  and  Allegan  have  fallen  off,  while 
three  new  counties,  Ionia,  Van  Buren,  and 
Monroe  have  increased.  Dr.  Cooley  at 
tributed  gains  in  these  exceptional  counties 
to 
to  special  causes;  Wayne,  for  instance, 
growth  of  suburban  residents  and  to  market 
gardening.  Mr.  Butterfield 
in 
crease  in  Monroe  due  to  the  growth  of  the 
dairy 
is 
due  to  one  general  cause—the  beginnings 
of  a  more 

Possibly  all 

agriculture. 

thinks  the 

intensive 

industry. 

increase 

Ten  counties  in  four  lower  tiers  show  a 
diminution  of  population  even  with 
the 
towns  reckoned  in.  Monroe  is  unique,  as 
there 
increased 
while  the  towns  Monroe  and  Dundee  have 
fallen  off. 

the  rural  population  has 

North  of  the  row  containing  Kent,  Mont 
calm  continued  to  lose  in  rural  population 
in  the  last  decade  and  several  other  counties 
are  added  to  the  list  of  losers,  viz.:  Mecosta, 
Newaygo,  and  Lake,  Oscoda,  Crawford  and 
Roscom mon.  The  towns  of  Tawas,  Oscoda, 
St.  Ignace,  Ludington,  Muskegon,  and  even 
Saginaw  have 
the 
counties  Iosco,  Mackinaw,  Mason,  Muske 
gon,  and  Saginaw  have  increased. 

lost  somewhat,  while 

is  one  of  some 

The  growth  or  decline  of  small 

rural 
interest.  Of  165 
villages 
incorporated  places 
in  Michigan  having  a 
population  of  less  than  1000  in  1890,  101 
gained  during  the  past  decade,  63  fell  off 
and  one  remained  unchanged. 

Washtenaw  is  perhaps  typical  of the  older 
agricultural  districts. 
It  contains  one  city 
of  15,000  inhabitants  which  has  gained  50 
per  cent,  since  1890,  one  city  of  about  7,000, 
which  gained  20 per  cent,  during  same  time, 
and  five  villages  of  from  500  to  2,000,  which 
gained  together  8  per  cent.  Only  one  of 
these  showed  a decrease.  It has  12  townships 
that  are  exclusively  rural.  Between  1850, 
when  these  twelve  townships  were  fairly  well 
settled  and  i860,  the  total  increase  was  1600. 
1860-1870  the  net  loss  was  about  100.  1870-
1880  there  was  a  small  net  gain  of  200. 
1890-1900 
1880-1890  the  net  loss  was  1100. 

M A R CH  4, 

1902. 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  R E C O R D. 

3 

In  1900 

t he  net  loss  w as  a b o ut  600. 
t he 
twelve  townships  h a ve  a  population  a  little 
less  t h an  in  1850  a nd  12  per  cent,  less  t h an 
t o w n 
t he  m a x i m um 
ships 
from  N ew 
York  show  s a me  conditions  e x c e pt  t h at  t he 
decline  begins  a  little  earlier. 

in  1880.  T en  r u r al 

in  Connecticut  a nd 

ten 

T he  reasons  for  this  d i m i n u t i on  of  rural 
population  a re  not  moral  or  social  b ut 
e c o n o m i c: 
(1)  I m p r o v e m e nt  of  farm  ma 
c h i n e r y,  e n a b l i ng  t he  s a me  work  to  be  d o ne 
with  one-half  or  one-third 
h a n d s;  a nd 
a nd  c o m m u n i c a t i o n,  e n a b l i ng 
m a n u f a c t u r es 
t o w n s. 

the  n u m b er  of. 
t r a n s p o r t a t i on 
a nd 
l a r ge 

(2)  Facility  of 

to  c o n c e n t r a te 

t r a de 
the 

in 

Indications  a re  t h at 

the  d i m i n u t i on  will 
not  c o n t i n u e.  F i g u r es  show  m o v e m e nt 
to 
be  slowing  u p.  F a r m i ng  is  becoming  m o re 
intensive. 
If  t h e re  is  a n y t h i ng  in  political 
economy,  we  must  be  about  to  e n t er  u p on  a 
period  of  higher  land  values  a nd  more  thor 
ough 
T he  a t t r a c t i v e n e ss  of 
c o u n t ry  life  is  increasing  with  electric  r o a d s, 
good  c o u n t ry  r o a d s,  t he  bicycle,  t he  tele 
p h o ne  a nd  rural  mail  delivery. 

cultivation. 

THE  RURAL  SCHOOL. 

T he  e v e n i ng  session  of  T u e s d ay  was  d e 

voted  to  the  p r o b l e ms  of  the  rural  school. 

is 

T he 

t h at 

first  s p e a k e r,  S u p e r i n t e n d e nt  H a r 
the 
vey,  of  Wisconsin,  pointed  out 
p r e s e nt  r u r al  school 
i n a d e q u a t e.  We 
find  here  the  smallest  schools  a nd  the  poor 
est  t e a c h e r s.  One-sixth  of  the  rural  schools 
a v e r a ge 
pupils.  Of  137 
t e a c h e rs  in  one  county,  over  100  a re  teach 
ing  for  $25  p er  month  or  less. 

t h an 

less 

ten 

In 

interest  of 

t wo  conditions. 

"  Now  the  problem  is  how  can  b e t t er  con 
ditions  be  brought  about  ? 
I  r e g a rd  it  as 
f u n d a m e n t al  that  we  m u st  certainly  c h a n ge 
the  first  place, 
t h e se 
t he  s m a l1 
we  m u st  wipe  out  of  e x i s t e n ce 
I  a d v o 
schools  of  five,  eight  or  ten  pupils. 
cate  this  not  in  t he 
teachers  or 
e d u c a t o r s,  but  in  t he  interest  of  the  pupils. 
S o m e t i m es  farmers  say  to  us  when  we  ad 
vocate  this  idea,  '  You  a re  p l a n n i ng  to  t a ke 
a w ay  from  us  the  schools  of  which  we  a re  so 
p r o u d .'  A re  y ou  proud  of  such  a  school  as 
these 
I  have  described?  Go  into  one  of 
small  schools  with  a  c h e ap  teacher  a nd  see 
the  work  d o n e.  Send  your  b o ys  a nd  girls 
who  have  been  a t t e n d i ng 
inferior 
schools  to  s o me  school  of  high  g r a d e,  a nd 
see  how  low  your  children  will  r a nk  in  com 
parison,  a nd  then  a n s w er  m e.  T h is  senti 
m e nt  of  p r i de  is  a  worthy  s e n t i m e n t,  but  it 
it  cries  out 
is  a  m e re  s e n t i m e nt  w h en 
a g a i n st  t he  r e m o v al  of  t he  small  school. 
I 
am  glad  that  you  w a nt  a  school that  you  can 
to  h a ve  a 
be  proud  of,  but  you  ought 
is  worth  being  p r o ud  of-
school 
basis, 
E v en 
it 
small 
It  is  t he  most  costly  school.  S o me 
school. 
of  you  m ay  s a y,  ' r e m o ve 
t h e. small  school 
a nd  you  r e m o ve  the  e d u c a t i o n al  a d v a n t a g es 
for  our  children.1  Not  at  all. 
It  used  to  be 
t he  cry, 
t he 
to 
c h i l d r e n .'  T o d ay  we  say  ' T a ke  the  children 
to  t he  public  school.' 

the  public  school 

is  a  m i s t a ke 

to  k e ep  up 

t h at 
on 

cent 
t he 

' T a ke 

dollar 

these 

a nd 

t he 

faintly, 

We  e d u c a t o rs  k e ep  u r g i ng  the  necessity  of 
t he  p r e p a r a t i on  of  t e a c h e r s,  but  we  c a n n ot 
m e et  the  a r g u m e nt  of  the  timid  little  school-
'  H ow  can  we 
m a am  who  s a ys 
afford  i t ?' 
i t? 
Can  you  expect  a  g r a d u a te  of  a  college  or 
n o r m al  school  who  has  s p e nt  h u n d r e ds  a nd 
possibly  t h o u s a n ds  of  dollars  in  getting  pre 
p a r ed  for  teaching  to  teach  for  $25  a  m o n th 
for  seven,  eight  or  nine  m o n t hs  a  y e a r? 

I n d e ed  how  can  they  afford 

t h at 

T wo 

such 

from 

t e a c h e r s. 

teaching. 

the  art  of 

" We  a re  trying  to  establish  county  t r a i n i ng 
schools  for 
schools 
have  been  in  e x i s t e n ce  two  y e a rs  a nd  by 
n e xt  fall,  we  will  h a ve  six.  E a ch  one  of 
is  for  a  single  county  a nd 
these  schools 
a d m i ts  s t u d e n ts  only 
c o u n t y. 
Each  school  gives  a  y e a r 's  course  of  s t u dy 
in 
fur 
nishes  t he  books.  M a ny  of  t h e se  pupils  live 
to  school  e v e ry  d a y. 
at  h o me  a nd  d r i ve 
to 
T he  e x p e r i m e nt  has  g o ne 
far  enough 
t h at 
p r o ve  to  us  b e y o nd  all  question 
t he 
plan 
two  counties 
the  schools  h a ve  b e en  established 
w h e re 
the  schools  a re  s u p p l y i ng 
for 
e n o u gh  g r a d u a t es  each  y e ar  to  fill  t he  n e e ds 
of  those  counties. 

is  a  success. 

T he  county 

t wo  y e a r s, 

t he 

In 

also 

"  We  a re 

in  Wisconsin 

to 
trying 
consolidate  schools.  T he  legislature  m a k es 
a  g r a nt  directly  to  g r a d ed  schools  that  a re 
not  c o n n e c t ed  with  high  schools.  We  h a ve 
established  280  such  schools  recently.  As 
to  consolidation,  $100  of 
an 
to  a 
state  money  is  furnished  y e a r ly 
two-
room  school  a nd  $200 
three-room 
school. 

i n d u c e m e nt 

to  a 

" T h e re  is  a n o t h er  important  fact  to  which 
I  wish  to  call  y o ur  attention  a nd  that  is,  the 
fact  that  today  c o u n t ry  school  pupils  a re 
In  one  case  in  Wisconsin 
mere  children. 
found 
out  "of  eighteen  schools  visited,  we 
t h at  practically  all  of 
the  pupils  were  only 
twelve  y e a rs  old  or  y o u n g e r.  Only  t w o,  I 
t h i n k,  in  these  eighteen  schools  w e re  over 
that  age.  W hy 
t he  older 
pupils  in  the  high  schools  of  the  towns  a nd 
cities?  No, 
they  a re  not.  O ur  statistics 
show  t h at  o n ly  3  or  4  p er  cent,  of  t he  total 
e n r o l l m e nt  of  t he  c o u n t ry  schools  a re  non 
t he  city  schools.  We 
resident  pupils 
have 
that  most  c . u n t ry 
pupils  stop  their  school  a t t e n d a n ce  at  twelve 
y e a rs  old,  but  in  t he  t o w ns  a nd  cities  t h ey 
go  on  to  m u ch  further  t h an  this. 

in 
the  fact 

t h i s?  " A re 

to  face 

is 

in 

the 

" Y ou  a re  doubtless  a w a re  t h at  there  is  a 
d e m a nd  in  many  states  for  t he  teaching  of 
rural 
t he  e l e m e n ts  of  a g r i c u l t u re 
I  a g r ee  with  t he  a d v o c a t es  of  this 
schools. 
p l an 
their  criticism  of  p r e s e nt  school 
in 
I  s y m p a t h i ze  with  those  who  seem 
work. 
to  think  we  need  m o re  school  work 
that 
teaches  pupils  to  do  as  well  as  to  think,  but 
a n y o ne  who  h as  looked  over  t he  a t t e m p ts 
to  i n t r o d u ce  a g r i c u l t u re  in  p r i m a ry  school 
w o r k,  must  be  compelled  to  a d m it  that  all 
these  efforts  so  far  h a ve  been  failures. 
I 
think  there  a re  two  reasons  for  t h i s.  First, 
t he  m a t e r i al  for  s t u dy  is  b e y o nd  the  p u p i l 's 
the  lower  g r a d e s,  a nd  second, 
capacity 
t he 
not  suffi 
ciently  digested  t he  m a t e r i a ls  of  s t u d y,  a nd 
a re  not  qualified  to  p r o p e r ly  teach  agricul 
t u r e. 

t h e m s e l v es  h a ve 

t e a c h e rs 

in 

to 

their  milk  c a ns 

these  s a me  farmers  a re 

" N ow  if  we  have  centralization,  we  h a v e, 
of  course,  to  provide  for  getting  the  pupils 
to  schools  from  long  d i s t a n c e s.  T he  solu 
tion  of  that  problem  is  to  have  t h em 
t r a n s 
p o r t e d.  You  m ay  say  it  c a n n ot  be  d o n e. 
T h at  is  what  they  are  talking  all  over  Wis 
consin,  but  I  notice  this  fact,  Wisconsin  is  a 
g r e at  d a i ry  state.  We  have  m u l t i t u d es  of 
I  notice  t h at  every  w e ek 
c r e a m e r i e s,  a nd 
d ay  m o r n i ng 
the  year,  the  f a r m e rs  of 
in 
Wisconsin  with  the  utmost  regularity  man 
the  b u t t er 
a ge 
to  get 
factory,  while 
the 
men  that  say,  t h ey  cannot  get  a  boy  to  t he 
m an  factory.  But  we  have  t he  facts  on  o ur 
T w e n ty  s t a t es  of  this  Union  h a ve 
side. 
t r i ed 
less 
d e g r e e.  T h e se  t w e n ty  states  contain  half 
t he  population  of  the  United  States,  a nd  the 
t e s t i m o ny  of  these  states  is  u n v a r y i ng 
in 
favor  of 
T h e re  h as  b e en  an 
i n c r e a se  of  a t t e n d a n ce  in  t h e se  centralized 
schools  of  from  fifty  to  roo  per  cent,  a nd  this 
too  without  an  increase  of a  dollar's  e x p e n s e. 
T h is  proposition  for  centralization  is  in  the 
it  closes  up 
interests  of  your  children,  for 
s t r o n g, 
inefficient  schools,  a nd  m a k es  a 
efficient  central  school. 

in  a  g r e a t er  or 

t r a n s p o r t a t i on 

t he  plan. 

" My  s e c o nd  p o i nt  was  that  we  n e ed  b e t t er 
t r a i n ed  teachers.  H ow  shall  we  get  them? 

to 

learn 

lesson  on 

things  along 

"  But  t h e re  a re  s o me 

this 
to 
line  t h at  m ay  be  d o n e.  We  a re  going 
try  an  e x p e r i m e nt 
in  W i s c o n s in  this  y e a r. 
In  connection  with  o ur  Arbor  Day  p r o g r am 
t he  proper 
we  shall  s e nd  out  a 
t r e a t m e nt  for  oat  s m u t.  We  shall  a sk  every 
t e a c h er  in  W i s c o n s in 
lesson' 
a nd  to  teach  it  to  every  pupil  in  the  schools. 
Now  this  disease  of  oat  s m u t,  it  has  been 
e s t i m a t e d,  costs  Wisconsin 
six 
if  we  can  suc 
million  dollars  a  year,  a nd 
ceed  in  r e a c h i ng  t he  c h i l d r en  a nd 
t h r o u gh 
the  children  reach  t he  p a r e n ts  in  this  practi 
cal  m o n e y - s a v i ng  way,  it  is  possible  that  we 
can  d e m o n s t r a te  that  s o m e t h i ng  can  be  done 
along  the  line  of  teaching  a g r i c u l t u re  in  the 
r u r al  schools. 

farmers 

this 

"  But  we  m u st  h a ve  an  education  for  the 
d i s t r i ct 
t he 
c o u n t ry  boys  a nd  girls  by 
right 
schools,  and  we  m u st  have 
it  of  the 
kind;  for  if  the  boys  a nd  girls  from 
rural 
schools  do  go  to  t he  high  schools,  they  do 
not  get  w h at  they  need.  W h at  I  would  like 
to  see  is  a  school  t h at  shall  t a ke  boys  a nd 
girls 
the  c o u n t ry  schools  a nd  give 
them  a b o ut  two  y e a r s'  w o r k,  not  in  o r d i n a ry 
school  work,  but  in  things  m o re  practical. 
I  should  w a nt  to  see  t he  boys  t a u g ht 
the 
e l e m e n ts  of  a g r i c u l t u r e, 
t a u g ht  a b o ut  soils 
a nd  their  properties,  a nd  how  they  should 

from 

of 

t he 

t a u g ht  a b o ut  p l a n t s,  not 

t he 
be  m a n a g e d, 
text  book,  not 
o r d i n a ry  b o t a ny 
farm  b o t a n y,  how 
science,  b ut  practical 
crops  grow,  h ow  to  m e et  crop  d i s e a s es 
I 
should  w a nt  boys  t a u g ht  how  to  feed  s t o c k| 
how  to  b r e ed  stock,  how  to  care  for  stock  in 
health  a nd  disease. 

is 

t he 

is  good 

thing  up 

i n t e n d ed 

"  Now  we  h a ve  t a l k ed  this 

law  c r e a t i ng  two  schools  of 

in 
legislature 
Wisconsin,  a nd  last  w i n t er 
passed  a 
this 
c h a r a c t e r.  T he  s t a te  gives  one-half  the  ex 
p e n se  for  t he  school;  the  county 
the  o t h er 
half.  T h e se  t wo  schools  a re  to  be  o p e n ed 
t he 
this  fall,  and  we  a re  now  w o r k i ng  on 
course  of  s t u d y.  W h i le  t he  k i nd  of  train 
ing  found  in  t h e se  schools 
to 
be  of  practical  use,  it  is  a  kind  of  t r a i n i ng 
for  a n y b o d y 's  children.  We 
that 
shall  have  simple  farm  accounts 
t a u g h t, 
m a n u al  t r a i n i n g,  so  that  b o ys  m ay  learn  to 
u se  p r o p e r ly  farm  tools  a nd  farm  machin 
ery.  F or  the  girls  we  shall  have  a  course 
in  h o me  m a k i ng  a nd  domestic  economy,  for 
we  leave  out  of  schools  those  things 
that 
leave  out 
girls  will  use  most;  i n d e ed  we 
those  t h i n gs  t h at  t h ey  will  u se  n e a r ly  e v e ry 
m o m e nt  of  their  lives. 
farmer's 
institutes 
I  h e ar  men 
t a l k i ng  intelligently  a b o ut  balanced  rations 
for 
I  notice  farmers  a re 
d e e p ly  i n t e r e s t ed  in  t h e se  discussions,  a nd 
isn't  it  s t r a n ge  t h at  they  a re  so  little  inter 
ested  in  balanced  rations  for  t h e m s e l v es  a nd 
c h i l d r e n?  Now  t he  girls  in 
these  schools 
will  learn  j u st  t h e se  t h i n g s.  We  shall  h a ve 
t h i n gs 
o ur  girls  learn  invalid  cooking  a nd 
of  t h at  sort. 

in  Wisconsin,  a nd 

their  cows,  a nd 

I  a t t e nd 

to  s p e ak  with 

"  Another  point  a b o ut  these  county  agri 
cultural  schools.  T h ey  will  b e c o me  a  sort 
of  center  for  t he  farmers  of  the  county.  T he 
s u p e r i n t e n d e nt  of  such  schools  m u st  be  a 
m an  c o m p e t e nt 
a u t h o r i ty 
a b o ut  a g r i c u l t u r al  m a t t e r s.  T h e re  will  be 
e x p e r i m e n t al  plots of  g r o u n d.  T he  children 
will  not  only  learn  practical  things,  but  they 
will  t a ke  h o me  to p a r e n ts  a d v a n c ed  m e t h o d s. 
"  So  to  sum  up  t he  t h o u g h ts  I  leave  with 
you  for  t he  i m p r o v e m e nt  of  o ur  r u r al  educa 
tion:  First,  consolidation  of  schools;  second, 
t r a n s p o r t a t i on  of  pupils  ;  third,  the  county 
t r a i n i ng  school  for 
t he 
fourth, 
I  do  not  claim 
county  a g r i c u l t u r al  school. 
t h at  t h e se  m o v e m e n ts  will  solve  t he  p r o b l e m^ 
but  I  do  claim 
t h at 
they  can  be  d o n e,  for  they  a re  being  d o n e ." 
followed 
Mr.  H a r v e y,  u r g i ng  a  liberal  education  for 
t he  c o u n t ry  boy.  T h is  liberal  e d u c a t i on  he 
defined  as  a  good  high  school  education. 
" T he  d e m a n ds  on  our  c h i l d r e n ,"  said  h e, 
" w i ll  be 
those  of  the  m i d d le  of  the  20th 
c e n t u r y,  and  a  high  school  education  is  t he 
to  fur 
very  least  e q u i p m e nt  we  can  afford 
nish  them  with  to  m e et  these  d e m a n d s ." 

S u p t.  Delos  Fall,  of  Michigan 

t h ey  a re  helpful,  and 

t e a c h e r s; 

this  for 

Mr.  Fall  t h en  p r e s e n t ed  his  a r g u m e nt  on 
e x p e n s e.  F or  only  one-sixth  of  the  c o u n t ry 
pupils  t he  farmers  a re  p a y i ng  in  non-resi 
d e nt  tuition  to  high  schools  $88,000.  A dd 
to 
t r a n s p o r t a t i o n,  e x t ra  clothing, 
b o a r d,  a nd  b o o k s,  an  a v e r a ge  e x p e n se  of 
not  less  t h an  $ 100  p er  y e ar  per  pupil,  a nd 
you  get  a  large  s u m.  S u p p o se  we  cut  this 
j u st  half  in  t wo  and  allow  $50  to  sustain  a 
pupil  o ne  y e ar  at  a  city  high  school.  Multi 
ply  t he  17,000  n o n - r e s i d e n ts  by  50  a nd  you 
get  $850,000.  Add  to  this  t he  $88,000  a nd 
we  h a ve  nearly  one  million  dollars,  if  you 
a dd  also  the  school  tax  paid  at  home.  T h is 
the 
to  m a i n t a in 
s um  a l o ne  would  suffice 
c o u n t ry  high  school  at  y o ur  own  h o m e. 

T h en  consider  how  for  no  a d d ed  e x p e n se 
t he  high  school  would  be  b r o u g ht  within 
r e a ch  of  t he  other  five-sixths  not  here  reck 
oned  in. 

land 

t he  e a r th 

its  p u r p o s e. 

is  composed  of 

A n o t h er  a d v a n t a ge  would  be  t he  c h a n ge 
t he  c h a r a c t er  of  t he  high  school.  T he 
in 
It 
t h i n g s. 
city  school  a t t e m p ts  impossible 
d o es  not  s e r ve 
In  a  class  in 
g e o g r a p hy  a  visitor  a s k e d,  after  being  told 
t h at 
a nd 
w a t e r,  "  Did  you  ever  see  a ny  land  ?"  T he 
"  E v er  see  a ny  w a t er  ?" 
class  d i d n 't  k n o w. 
" W h e r e ?"  And 
O ne  pupil  said,  " Y e s ." 
t he  pupil  pointed 
to  the  blue  on  the  m a p. 
T he  visitor  b r o u g ht  the  boy  to  his  senses  by 
a s k i ng  him 
that  w a t e r. 
to  d r i nk  s o me  of 
T h is  w as  n a r r a t ed  to  show  t he  artificiality 
of  the  city  school  a nd  its  lack  of  a d a p t a t i on 
to 
G r e a t n e ss 
c a n n ot  be  d e v e l o p ed  on  a  twenty  by  eighty 
city  lot.  We  must  h a ve  radical  c h a n g es  in 
the  city  high  school,  a nd 
t he  r u r al  high 
school  will  be  the  m e a ns  of  b r i n g i ng  a b o ut 

t he  n e e ds  of 

the  c o u n t r y. 

a  n e a r er  a p p r o a ch  to  the  ideal  of  t r ue  edu 
rural  high  school  will  be  of 
cation.  T he 
tuition 
such  a  n a t u re  t h at  the  non-resident 
will  go  in  t he  opposite  direction  from 
t h at 
now  found. 

the 

Mr. 

Fall 

e m p h a s i z ed 

necessity 
for  consolidation  shown  by  Mr.  H a r v e y, 
giving  e x a m p l es  from  his  own  e x p e r i e n c e. 
Of  eight  districts  in  Berrien  c o u n t y,  n o ne 
had  an  a t t e n d a n ce  of  over  13;  one  registered 
six  pupils.  T he  a v e r a ge  was  eight. 

T he  question  is  a s k e d,  "  Why  not  i m p r o ve 
the  district  school  ? "  T he  r e q u i r e m e nt  now 
upon  o ne  t e a c h er  is  to  teach  all  t he  subjects 
It  c a n n ot  be  d o n e.  H o w, 
in  eight  g r a d e s. 
then,  is 
two  g r a d es 
m o r e? 

it  possible 

to  r e q u i re 

T HE  FORESTRY  QUESTION. 

W e d n e s d ay  m o r n i ng  brought  the  first  and 
only  d i s a p p o i n t m e nt 
in  t he  p r o g r a m.  T he 
H o n.  Gifford  Pinchot,  who  was  a n n o u n c ed 
to  s p e ak  on  the  condition  a nd  significance 
of  t he  forestry  m o v e m e n t,  was  d e t a i n ed  at 
W a s h i n g t o n. 

H o n.  E.  P.  Allen,  who  p r e s i d ed  at 

this 

meeting,  in  an  o p e n i ng  a d d r e s s,  said: 

fathers  c a me 

" T h is  question  of  forestry  has  not  at 
t r a c t ed  t he  a t t e n t i on  of  the  m a s s es  until 
recently.  O ur 
to  Michigan 
their  axes  in  their  h a n ds  confronting 
with 
the 
g r e at  forests.  T he  forests  t h r ew  d o wn 
g a ge  of  battle  a nd  m an  was  compelled 
to 
fight.  Many  a  pioneer  went  to  the  g r a ve 
b e c a u se  in  the  terrible  work  of  d e s t r o y i ng 
t he  forests,  he  d e s t r o y ed  himself.  O ut  of 
these  forest  l a n ds  were  m a de  fertile  farms, 
and  almost  treeless  p l a i n s,  but  now  we  h a ve 
b e g un  to  find  that  God  k n ew  m o re  than  m an 
about 
the  economy  of  n a t u r e,  a nd  t h at  a 
t r ee  is  as  i m p o r t a nt  as  a  m an  in  its  p l a c e. 
that  we  m u st  build  up 
We  h a ve 
w h e re  our  fathers  tore  d o w n.  We  m u st  r e 
store  the  climate  in  southern  Michigan  to  its 
n o r m a l, 
s o u t h e rn 
Michigan  as  well  as  in  n o r t h e rn  M i c h i g a n. 
We  m u st  build  for  the  next  g e n e r a t i o n ." 

is  a  question 

found 

for 

in 

it 

Mr.  G.  B.  S u d w o r t h,  who  read  a  p a p er  in 
the  place  of  Mr.  Pinchot,  s p o ke  at  g r e at 
length  of  the  era  of  s e n t i m e n t al  p r o p a g a n da 
and  the  era  following  of  scientific 
i n v e s t i g a 
He  g a ve  a  detailed 
tion  a nd  education 
s t a t e m e nt  of  t he  d e v e l o p m e nt  of  the  b u r e au 
of  forestry  a nd  its  p l a n s.  Much  of  t he  d e 
tails  given 
t he  p a p er  m a y,  he  said,  be 
found 
in  circulars  21  a nd  22  issued  by  t he 
b u r e a u. 

in 

H o n.  E.  A.  W i l d e y,  commissioner  of  t he 
L a nd  Office  of  Michigan,  g a ve  an 
interest 
ing  talk  on  the  F o r e s t ry  Problem  in  Michi 
the  e s t a b l i s h m e nt  of  a 
gan.  He  u r g ed 
forest 
its  m i n es 
from 
a nd  forests  h as  m a de  m o re  millionaires  t h an 
a ny  o t h er  S t a t e,  a nd  has  received  less  from 
t h e m. 

r e s e r v e.  Michigan, 

to  show 

He  went  on 

illustrative 
railroad  uses 

the  i m m e n se  de 
m a n ds  m a de  today  on  forest  p r o d u c t s.  We 
fact.  T he 
can  give  only  one 
Michigan  C e n t r al 
a n n u a l ly 
o v er  o ne  million  ties,  a nd  to  get  t h em  s t r i ps 
over  4 000  a c r es  a n n u a l l y.  Yet  no  one 
is 
p l a n t i ng 
t i m b er  to  replace  this  crop  h a r 
vested.  No  other  crop  pays  so  well.  He 
cited  a  case  of  35  white  pine  t r e es  p l a n t ed 
which  in  35 y e a rs  brought  n e a r ly  $r.5o  p er 
tree.  He  paid  a  high  compliment  to  H o n. 
C.  W.  Garfield,  p r e s i d e nt  of  the 
forestry 
commission  of  the  s t a t e,  a nd  e x p l a i n ed  w h at 
the  commission  was  d o i ng  in  t he  m a t t er  of 
a  forest  r e s e r v e.  T h is  r e s e r ve  consists  of 
47,000  acres  in  12 townships  in  Crawford  a nd 
Roscommon  counties. 
In  it  a re  the  head 
w a t e rs  of  the  most  i m p o r t a nt  river  system 
in  the  state,  700  to  800  feet  above  the  level 
of  t he  l a k es  a nd  h e n ce  most  i m p o r t a nt  for 
w a t er  p o w e r.  T he  rivers  a re  the  T h u n d er 
Bay,  t he  au  S a b l e,  t he  T i t t a b a w a s s e e, 
t he 
M u s k e g on  a nd  t he  Manistee.  He  showed 
t he  i m p o r t a n ce  of  such  reserves  through  t he 
p r e s e nt  condition  of  the  K a l a m a z oo  river— 
m u ch  shallower  a nd  m o re  variable  t h an 
in 
T he  commission  h as  still 
former  y e a r s. 
c o m p a r a t i v e ly  little  p o w er  to  control 
these 
r e s e r v e s. 
It  is  desired  that  the  people  be 
e d u c a t ed  to  d e m a nd  larger  control  from  the 
legislature.  To  show  what  can  be  d o ne  in 
a  c o m p a r a t i v e ly  short  t i me  he  s h o w ed  a  sec 
t r ee  grown  on  a 
tion 
h u c k l e b e r ry  m a r sh  in  25  y e a r s.  T he 
t r ee 
was  81  feet  high  a nd  36  feet  to  the  first  limb. 
It  g r ew  in  thick  t i m b e r. 

from  a  cottonwood 

Prof.  C.  A.  Davis  in  d i s c u s s i ng 

t he  q u e s 
tion  pointed  out  t h at  one-sixth  of  the  a r ea  of 

4 

the  State  is  worse  than  idle. 
It  is  capital 
that  is a  menace  instead  of a  help.  "  If  we 
knew  a  farmer  who  let  one-sixth  of  his  farm 
lie  idle  we should  consider  him  a  poor  busi 
ness  man.  Can  we  regard  the  State  any 
differently  ? " 

Mr.  Garfield  was  called  upon  and  elabor 
ated  the  matter  of  money  returns  from  tree 
planting.  Fifty-two  years ago a man  bought 
for  a  yoke  of  oxen  80  acres  of  land  seven 
miles  from  Grand  Rapids.  The  land  was 
covered  with  little  pines  about  the  size  of 
the  arm.  One  year  ago, said  Mr.  Garfield, 
a  check  went  through  a Grand  Rapids  bank 
for $3,ooo in  payment  for  the  timber  on  that 
80  acres  of  land. 
It  is  worth  while  to  grow 
timber  on  poor  land,  and  the  commission  is 
trying  to  set  an  example  on  its  reserves. 
We  must  make  these  six  million  acres  of 
delinquent  land  produce  something.  The 
millionaires  should  endow  pieces  of  land 
where  nature  can  grow  forests  and  manage 
them.  The  people  should  stand  by  the 
Forestry  Commission  in  its  efforts  to  solve 
this  problem. 

In  the  discussion,  which  was  animated 
and  interesting,  it  was  brought  out  that  the 
Carolina  Poplar  would  produce  in  15 or  16 
years  trees  7 feet  in  circumference  four  feet 
from  the  ground; 
that  it  cost  the  State 
yearly  $66,367 to  advertize  these  delinqnent 
lands  ;  that  a  tree  planted  begins  very  soon 
to  yield  money  return  in the  shade for  stock, 
the  shade  increasing  the flow of  milk  in  the 
dairy herd  ;  that  the  state  encourages  plant 
ing  of  trees  on  the  road  by  an  allowance  on 
the  road  tax;  and  that  in  18  years  sugar 
maples  will  yield  returns  in  sap. 

FARMERS'  ORGANIZATIONS. 

The  afternoon  of  Wednesday  was  taken 

up  by  two papers- on  organization. 

Mr.  A.  B.  Cook,  President  of  the  State 
Association  of  Farmers'  Clubs,  in  introduc 
ing  Mr.  Horton,  the  first  speaker,  stated 
that  perhaps  the  topic  of  the  "  Need  and 
Possibilities  of  Farmer's  Organizations," 
suggested  that  there  is  1 need  for  them  that 
is  not  supplied,  but  such  a  conclusion  is 
erroneous.  We  have  in  Michigan  two  such 
organizations  which  are 
living  examples 
of  the  possibilities  of  farm  organizations 
Together  the  granges  and  farmer's  clubs 
have  600  local  organizations.  This  co 
operation  among  farmers  has  reached  large 
proportions,  but  there  is  need  for  still  more 
of  it. 

Mr.  Horton  very  earnestly  emphasized 
the  need  for  farmers'  organizations  on  the 
basis  (1)  of the  maintaining  of  a  sufficiently 
high  standard  of social  attainment  to  make 
and  keep  the farmer  the  peer  of  the  best  of 
our  people,  (2) of an  intellectual  training  for 
his business  and  for the  exigencies  of  public 
affairs,  (3) of knowledge  of  the  business  and 
markets  of  the  world  such  as  will  enable 
him  to  obtain  more  of  the  possibilities  and 
enjoyments  of life,  (4) of such  influence  upon 
the  body  politic  as  will  banish  fraud,  and 
encourage  legislation  that  gives  the  greatest 
good  to  the greatest  number.  The  farmers 
constitute  40 per  cent,  of our  population  and 
should  have  proportionate  influence  in  legis 
lation.  Nor  should such influence be  feared, 
for  the  farmer  is by  nature  patriotic,  conser 
vative,  and  wise. 

As  to  the  possibilities  of  such  organiza 
tion.  Mr.  Horton  demonstrated  this  by  an 
appeal  to  the  history  of  such  organization 
within  the  past  35 years.  The principles  on 
which 
the  Grange  was  organized  were 
given  by  Mr.  Horton  as  follows:— 

(11  The  ennoblement  of  labor  and  the 

fraternity  of the  producing  classes. 

(a)  Mutual  instruction  and  the  lightening 
of  labor  by  diffusing  a  better  knowledge  of 
its  aims. 

(3)  Social  culture,  as  also  mental 

and 

moral  development. 

(4)  Mutual  relief  in  sickness  and  adver 

sity. 

(5)  Prevention  of cruelty  to  animals. 
(6)  Bringing  nearer 
ducer  and  the  consumer. 

together 

the  pro 

(7)  Prevention  of  litigation  through  arbi 

tration. 

(8)  The  overthrow  of the  credit  system. 
(9)  Building  and  fostering  home  indus 

tries. 

As  another  successful  form  of  farmers' 
organization,  Mr.  Horton  traced  the  history 
of  Farmers'  Clubs.  The  granges  and  the 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  R E C O R D. 

M A R CH  4, 

1902 

clubs  work  harmoniously  side  by  side  for 
the  same  general  purposes. 

The  limits  on  farmers'  organization  were 
defined  as  political  and  religious.  These 
questions  should  not  be  attempted,  except 
in  an  educational  way,  as  freeing  the  far 
mers  from  the  dictation  of the  bosses. 

Mr.  Horton  closed  with  a strong  plea  that 
these  organizations  should  stand  against 
centralization  of  district  schools  as  urged  in 
a  previons  meeting. 

T HE  COUNTRY  CHURCH. 

One  of  the  most  remarkable  addresses  of 
the  whole  meeting  was  that  delivered  by 
Graham  Taylor,  of  the  Chicago  Commons. 
It  was  not  an  organized  unified  discourse, 
but  it  contained  many  admirable  thoughts, 
excellently  said.  He  spoke  from  a  convic 
tion  born  of  direct,  living  contact  with  the 
most  hopeless  problems  of social  life. 

is 

the  very 

Dr.  Taylor  commenced  by  denouncing 
the  " fatal  facility  with  which  men  forget 
the purpose  and  reason  for  the  existence  of 
established  institutions."  The  institution-
alism  which  substitutes  means  for  ends  and 
subverts  the  ends  in  slavishly  serving  the 
means 
insanity  of  history. 
Examples  were  found  in  commercialism, 
which, substituting  competition  for  co-opera 
tion,  sacrifices  the  many  to  the  few  and 
brings  about 
the  death  of  trade;  in  the 
schools  and  universities,  which  making 
knowledge  an  end  instead  of  a  means  and 
apotheosizing  culture  for  culture's  sake,  fail 
to  minister  to the  life  of  the  people.  Next 
in  meanness  to  an  aristocracy  of  wealth  is 
an  aristocracy  of  intellect  too  often  preva 
lent  among half-cultivated  people  who  "  fall 
short  of  knowing  enough  to  know  what  is 
yet  to  be  known." 

This tendency  was also found in the church 
which  seeks  to build  itself  up  out  of  a  com 
munity  instead  of  seeking  to  build  up  the 
community  out  of  itself,  thus  creating  the 
paradox of a community of christians  instead 
of a christian  community. 

Dr.  Taylor  then  traced  the  history  of  the 
church,  beginning  in  New  England,  as  the 
center  of every  community,  and  of its  whole 
life.  He  showed  how the  problem  had  been 
immigration  and  migration, 
changed  by 
until  the  country  church  was  left  to  one  side 
of the  stream  of human  activity,  cut  off  from 
the  masses  (1) by  the  diversity  of  language; 
(2)  by  diversity  of  traditions  ;  (3)  by  multi 
plicity of sects.  Forty-four  per cent,  of  forty 
and  more  townships  in  Vermont  (Vermont, 
the  most  American  of  all  the  States)  never 
go  to  church,  while  in  that  same  state  the 
churches  were  spending  $1 50 for  each  man, 
woman  and  child  of the  population. 

Country  life  suffers  from 

lack  of  social 
life.  This  it  is the  church's  function  to pro 
vide. 
It should  have (1)  a vision  of  its  social 
functions,  (2)  a far-sighted  view  of  denomi-
nationalism,  (31 a  power  of  generating  pub 
lic spirit,  the spirit  of  cross-bearing. 

In  discussing  these  social  functions,  Dr. 
Taylor  insisted  that  the  church  should  mas 
ter  the  facts  to  be  dealt  with. 
In  this  con 
nection  he  showed  two  charts  made  by 
young  preachers  (one  in  a  city,  the  other  in 
the  country),  recording  the  actual  facts  of 
the  neighborhood—recording  for  instance, 
the  number  of  people  in each  block,  (2.500 
inhabitants  in  one  block  on  one  map),  the 
location  of  each  saloon,  etc.  He  showed 
the  varying  methods  of  real  service  by 
which  the  saloon  appeals  to  its  community; 
the  educative  position  of the  theatres  in  the 
slums,  etc.,  etc. 
"  We  must  get  more 
worldly  not less  so." 

He  laid  great  ernphasis  on  the  evils  of 
the  demand 
denominationalism,  showing 
for  centralization. 
"The  division  of  the 
forces  of righteousness  is  the  greatest  bar  to 
progress.  We  can't  pray  alike,  but  we  can 
have  the  unity  of  the  spirit  of  prayer." 
the 
The  final 
test  of  the  usefulness  of 
church  is 
the  attitude  of  denominations 
toward  each  other.  The  view  of the  church 
which  he  deprecated,  he  described  (quoting 
from  Dr.  Huntington)  as  a  little  working 
model  kept  under  a  glass  case,  provided 
with  its  own  little  boiler  and  its  own  little 
dynamo,  the  admiration  of  all  who  look  at 
it,  but  by  no  means  and  under  no  circum 
stances  to  be  connected  either  by  belt  or 
cable  with  the  throbbing,  vibrant,  religious 
forces  of the  outer  world  throughout  broad 
America,  lest  they  wreck  the  petite  mech 
anism  by  the  violence of their  thrill." 

"  The  cause  of America  is the  cause  of  the 
world,  and  the  cause  of  America  rests  on 
the  shoulders  of  the  Christain  church.  The 
ideal  of  each  Christain  should  be  to  help 
make  his  district  a better  place  for  the  next 
boy  to  be  born  in,  for  the  next  girl  to  be 
reared  in. 
In  the country,  believe  it  or  not, 
as  you  may,  are  found  as  desperately  cor 
rupt  politics  as  in  Chicago. 
It  is  only  a 
matter  of  relative  scale  of  operation." 

institutes, 

institutions 

the  farmers' 

that  are  trying 

Mr.  K.  L.  Butterfield,  called  on  to  discuss 
the  preceding  papers, said  that  he  preferred 
to  express  his  opinion  of  the  idea  on  which 
the  meeting  had  been  arranged.  This  idea 
was  to  bring  together  into  active  sympathy 
all 
to  make 
country  life  more  attractive.  These  organ 
izations  he  classified  under  three  heads— 
(il  religious—the  churches, the  Y. M. C.  A.,' 
the  Sunday  school,  etc.;  (2)  educational— 
the  schools, 
the 
Home  Reading  Circle;  (3)  business—the 
granges,  farmers'clubs,  dairy  associations, 
stock-breeding  associations,  etc.  No  man 
would  do  away  with  any  of  these  ; but  en 
thusiasts  say  each  should  be  the  center  of 
activity. 
It  is beyond  controversy,  however, 
that  we  must have  all  three, and  that  no  one 
can  solve  all 
life. 
There  are  some  things  that  each  cannot  do. 
But  cannot  each  be  brought  both  to  see  the 
value  of the  work  the  other  is  doing,  and  to 
sympathize  with  such  work?  Can  we  not 
have  a  great  federation  of churches,  schools, 
and  farmers'  organizations ?  Such has been 
the underlying  conception  of these  meetings, 
the  first  formed  with  such  an  idea,  under 
the joint  auspices  of  the  Michigan  Political 
Science  Association  and  the  Farmers'  Insti 
tutes. 
Is  not  the  idea  worth  perpetuating, 
and  while  another  joint  meeting  of  these 
two  particular  organizations  is not  probable, 
shall we not  request  that  the idea  be  perpet 
uated  in  some  form? 
[A  resolution  (see 
resolution  2)  embodying  such  a  request  was 
subsequently 
unanimously 
offered  and 
passed.] 

the  problems  of  rural 

Rev.  Mr.  Melendy  was  called  upon  a.id 
gave  an  interesting  account  of  his  labors 
among  western  miners. 

WHAT  T HE  GOVERNMENT 

IS  DOING  FOR 

T HE  FARMER. 

Governor  Bliss  was  obliged  to  be  absent 
from  the  evening  session  and  Pres.  Snyder 
acted  as  chairman.  Mr.  E. A.  Prouty  of  the 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.  was  the  first  speaker  intro 
duced,  his  subject  being  "  Dependence  of 
Agriculture  on  the  Home  Market." 

Mr.  Prouty  began  his  address  by  saying 
that  "  among  the  factors  of  great  interest  to 
this  country  the  farmer  stands  first,  the  rail 
road,  second.  He  then  proceeded  to  show 
the  relations  between  these  factors. 
"  The 
railroad,"  he  said,  "determines  the  profit  to 
the  farmer  of  his  commodity.  As  an  illus 
tration  of this point,  the statement  was  made 
that  one  dollar  a  ton  has  been  charged  by 
the  railroads  for 
from 
Michigan  to  Boston.  This,  being  an  exces 
sive  rate,  makes  the  raising  of  hay  by  the 
Michigan  farmer, 
transportation,  un 
for 
profitable.  Again,  by  reason  of  a  just 
freight  rate  Nebraska  creameries  can  com 
pete 
the  Lowell,  Mass.  markets  with 
those  of  St.  Albans,  Vermont.  Hence 
freight  rates  determine  prosperity.  The  • 
farmer  unlike  other classes  cannot  combine. 
He  is  at  the  mercy  of  corporations." 

transporting  hay 

in 

rendered,  although 

The  speaker  referred  to  the  combination 
effected  by  the  Great  Northern,  Northern 
Pacific  and  Burlington  roads.  Seventy-five 
per  cent,  of  the  business  of  the  first  two 
named 
is  competitive.  By  combination  a 
higher  rate  will be  charged  and  poorer  ser 
vice 
the  promoters 
claim  that  the  freight  rates  will  be  lowered. 
It  stands 
that  combination  is 
brought  about for the increasing  of revenues. 
Revenues  are  increased  by  higher  rates, not 
by  increase  in  business  or  by  decrease  in 
" L a w ,"  the  speaker  said,  " is 
expenses. 
powerless 
to  prevent  combination,  but  it 
can  adjudge  rates  and.should  do  so  because 
the railroad  is a  public  servant." 

to  reason 

Secretary  Wilson 

followed  Mr.  Prouty 
and  spent  the  most  of his  time  in  explaining 
the  methods  pursued  in  the  Department  of 
" T he  world,"  he  said,  " h as 
Agriculture. 
not 
taught  us  much  about  agriculture. 
Economy  has,  until  recent  years,  been  the 

watchword  in  the  U.  S. Department  of  Agri 
culture.  So  at  the  beginning  of  my  ad 
ministration,"  he  continued,  "  I  was  forced 
to turn  to  agricultural  college  graduates  for 
scientists  in  agriculture. 

"  Tobacco  was  one  of  the  first  products 
investigated  by  the  agricultural  scientists. 
It has  been  found  that  the  best  Sumatra 
tobacco  can  be  raised  under  cloth  in  the  U. 
S.  thus  preventing  the  annual  importation 
of  thousands  of  dollars  worth  of  this  pro 
duct.  The  same  is  true  of  rice. 
In  1903 
rice  will  be  exported  from  the  U.  S. 

In  the  investigation  of  plant  diseases  no 
$10,000  was 
expense  has  been  spared. 
spent  in  jgoi  for  the  investigation  of  a  cot 
ton  disease,  prevalent in the south.  Diseases 
of the  peach  are  to  be  investigated  likewise, 
the  San Jose  scale,  an  enemy  to  the  peach, 
having  already  been  found  to originate  near 
the great  wall  of China  in  the  Yang  tse  val 
ley.  The  best  methods  of producing  Ameri 
can  butter 
exportation  are  being 
thoroughly  considered.  The  Danes,  by 
reason  of  feeding  their  cows  a  more  car 
bonaceous  ration,  make  a  butter  for  sale  in 
the  Orient  better  adapted  to  the hot  climate. 
This  fact  is  being  brought  home 
the 
American  farmer.  The  guarding  against 
the  importation  of  diseased  cattle  is  another 
subject  receiving  careful  attention. 

for 

to 

"Forall  these investigations,"  the  speaker 
said,  "young  men  from  the  colleges  are 
trained  further  in  the  department  at  Wash 
ington,  often  being  sent  to  the  ends  of  the 
earth  to  get  exact  data.  All  this  has  neces 
sitated  an 
increased  expenditure,  which 
will  soon  reach  the  $1,000,000  mark.  As a 
result  of  these  investigations  the  peoples  of 
the  new  possessions  are  being  taught  eco 
nomical  methods  of  raising  the  natural 
products  of  their  soils,  many  of  which 
products  cannot  be  raised  in  the  U.  S. 

The  secretary  stated  that  ere  long  the 
daily  weather  bulletins  would  reach 
the 
farmer  with  his  mail.  He  expressed  his 
institutes, 
the  value  of  farmers' 
faith  in 
closing  his address  with  an  appeal  to  Mich 
igan  farmers  to  make  use  of  the  beneficial 
by-products  of the  sugar  beet  as  a  feeding 
ration. 

Prof.  C.  D. Jones,  of  Ann  Arbor,  then  dis 
cussed  the  "Dependence  of  Agriculture  on 
the  Home  Market.  He  believed  that  each 
farming  community  should  be  self-support 
ing,  that  the  village  should  be  a  center  for 
the  manufacturing  of all the  articles  possible 
to  its  environments,  thus  as  far  as  possible 
shipping  out 
the  manufactured  product. 
For  example,  where  fruit  and  vegetables 
can  be  raised,  the  canning  factory  should 
be started;  where  dairying  is  profitable,  the 
creamery  should  be  operated.  This  argu 
ment  against  the  non-segregation  of  classes, 
though  somewhat  curtailed  by  reason  of  the 
lateness  of  the  hour,  was  not  the  least  in 
teresting  number  on  the  program. 

The  music  by  the  M.  A.  C.  band  during 
the  session  was  much  appreciated  by  all. 
Sec'y  Wilson  took  occasion  to  say  that  dur 
ing the  selections  he  imagined  himself  to  be 
listening  to  the  Marine  Band  on  the  White 
House  grounds. 

R E C E P T I O N. 

The  reception  in  the  Women's  Building, 
following  the  session  was very  informal  and 
consequently  much  enjoyed.  Pres.  Snyder, 
Prof.  Smith,  Sec.  Wilson,  Miss  Gilchrist, 
Mrs.  Smith,  Pres.  Marston  and  Mrs.  Snyder 
were  in  the  receiving  line.  A large  number 
of  the  delegates  and  of  the  students  and 
faculty  met  the  Secretary  who  seemed  to 
have  a  genuine  interest  in all  whom  he  met. 
Ice  cream  and  cake  were  served  by  the 
women's  department,  after  which  the  com 
pany  dispersed. 

SUGAR  B E E T S. 

The  session  Wednesday  evening  was  the 
last  of  the  joint  sessions  of  the  Political 
Science  Association  and  the  Farmers'  Insti 
tute, and  with  the Thursday  morning  session 
began  the  meetings  of  the  Farmers'  Insti 
tute  alone. 
The  morning  session  was 
devoted  to  sugar  beet  raising.  Prof. J.  D. 
Towar  was  the  chairman  and  suggested 
that  Secretary  Wilson  and  Dr.  Kedzie,  the 
men  who  had  done  most  for  the  sugar  beet 
industry,  should  be  invited  by  a  rising  vote 
to take  places on  the  platform. 

W.  H.  Gilbert,  of  Lansing,  spoke  on  the 
"  preparation  of  the  soil and  seeding."  He 

M A R CH  4,  1902. 

T HE 

M. 

A. 

C. 

R E C O R D. 

urged  thorough  preparation  of  the  soil  with 
plow,  roller,  harrow,  and  pulvarizer.  Beets 
must  have  a  firm  soil.  Sow  plenty  of  seed 
and  don't  transplant. 

The  second  speaker,  on  "Thinning  and 
Cultivating,"  was  C.  T.  Richards,  of  Alma. 
He 
insisted  on  early  thinning.  The  culti 
vator  should  be  used  to  keep  down  weeds 
and  preserve  moisture.  Thin  to  a  distance 
of  nine  or  ten  inches.  One  person  has  been 
known  to  thin  an  acre  in  two  days.  Have 
thinning  done  by  the  row. 

J.  D.  Suydam,  of  St.  Louis,  spoke  on 
"Harvesting." 
In  topping  place  two  men 
together  and  use  two  bushel  crates.  Have 
topping  done  by 
to 
forty  rows  make  one  row  of  pits.  Cover 
first  with  leaves,  then  with  earth,  then  with 
leaves  again. 

the  row.  Thirty-two 

In  the  discussion  the  speakers  explained 
that  the  rows  spoken  of  were  40  rods  long, 
and  the  pay  per  row  for  thinning  isjij  cents 
and  16 cents  for  topping. 

Professor  Towar,  on  request  stated 

that 
experiments  showed  that  in  eight  weeks  of 
such  storage  in  piles,  the  beets  lost  16  per 
cent  of  actual  weight,  but  increased  12  per 
cent 
storage 
showed  loss  in  both  weight  and  percentage 
of  sugar. 

in  sugar  content. 

Longer 

It  was  urged  that  beets  be  fully  matured 

before  being  lifted. 

Secretary  Wilson  thought  that  beet  tops 
the 
should  not  be  fed,  because  if  left  on 
to  the  soil  the  salts 
ground 
taken  from 
the 
the  pulp  is 
Feeding 
correct  thing.  With  silage  it  forms  a  good 
ration. 

they  restored 
it. 

the  manure, 

Mr.  C.  C.  Lilly  of  the  Michigan 

Farmer 
took 
the 
issue  with  Secretary  Wilson  on 
ground  that  the  leaves  made  good  silage 
to  the  field 
and 
gave  back 
the  fertilizing  product;  he  also 
urged  that  to  make  a  balanced  ration,  with 
beet  pulp  should  be  fed  bran  or  cotton-seed 
meal. 

if  restored 

RESOLUTIONS  OFFERED  THURSDAY 

MORNING. 

T h at 

I I.  Resolved, 

the  idea  on  which 

I.  Resolved,  T h at  this  convention, 
embracing 
the  Michigan  Political 
Science  Association  and  the  Mich 
igan  F a r m e r s'  Institutes,  return 
the 
cordial  greeting  of 
the  American 
League  for  Civic  Improvement;  and 
wishing 
them  abundant  success  in 
their  wcrk,  hereby  extend  to  them 
the  right  hand  of  fellowship. 
this 

joint 
meeting  of  the  Michigan  Farmers' 
Institutes  and  the  Michigan  Political 
Science  Association  cordially  ap 
proves  of 
this 
meeting  is  based—that  of  cooper 
ation  among  all 
the  agencies  of 
rural  progress, including  the  church, 
the  school,  and  the  Farmers'  organ 
izations,  and,  further,  that  we  wel 
come  any  reasonable  effort  that  may 
be  made  by  any  individual  or  organ 
ization  having  in  view  the  better 
ment  of  rural  life.  A nd  we  espec 
ially  request  the  officers  of  the  Agri 
cultural  College  and  F a r m e r s'  Insti 
the  Political  Science 
tutes  and  of 
take  such  steps  as 
Association 
seem 
to  perpetuate 
state  and  local  conferences  similar  to 
this  one,  in  which  the  leading  idea 
the  hearty 
shall  be 
individuals  and 
cooperation  of  all 
organizations 
that  are  genuinely 
interested  in  rural  progress. 

to  advocate 

them  wise 

to 

to 

I I I.  W H E R E A S,  the  attendance  at 
Michigan  F a r m e r s' 
this 
year  has  been  the  largest  for  some 
years,  if  not  in  their  history;  and 

institutes 

W H E R E A S,  this  is  ample  evidence 
their  value  in  Agricultural  E d u 

of 
cation ; 

Resolved, 

that  we  express  anew 
our  approval  of  institute  work  and 
pledge  it  our  continued  support,  and 
recommend 
through 
reading  and  lecture  courses. 

its  extension 

I V.  Resolved, 

that  the  thanks  of 
this  convention  be  especially  ex 
tended  to  Prof.  H.  C.  A d a ms  of  the 
University  and  Prof.  C.  D.  Smith 

of  the  Agricultural  College  for  the 
interesting  and  profitable  program 
which  has  been  provided  for 
this 
joint  meeting;  and  that  this  conven 
tion  further  extend  their  thanks  to 
the  Agricultural  College  for 
the 
cordial  welcome  given  and  excellent 
entertainment  provided. 

J.  H.  M C D O N A L D, 
K.  L.  B U T T E R F I E LD 
J.  W.  H U T C H I N S, 

Committee. 

At  a  later 

following 
time 
resolution  was  offered  by  N a t h an 
Allen  of  Alma  and  adopted  by  a 
large  majority  vote. 

the 

" W e, 

agricul 
representative 
turists,  at  the  meeting  of  the  Michi 
Institute, 
gan  Farmer's  Round-up 
do  sincerely  believe  that  the  lower 
ing  of  the  duty  at  the  present  time 
on  sugars  would  be  a 
lamentable, 
serious,  and  possibly  death  blow  to 
our  sugar-beet  industry  :  Therefore, 
be  it 

Resolved, 

that  we  earnestly  en 
treat  and  implore  our  President  and 
Congress 
to  stand  by  and  protect 
the  tillers  of  the  United  States'  soil 
the  present  duty  on 
by  retaining 
far 
sugars,  thereby  giving  to  our 
the  most 
mers  and  laborers  one  of 
profitable  branches  of 
agriculture 
the  privilege  of 
we  have  ever  had 
enjoying. 

STOCK  RAISING. 

session. 

the  afternoon 

T.  G. Adams,  of Shelbyville,  was  chairman 
of 
The  Misses 
Barrows,  Crossman,  and  Barton  opened  the 
meeting  by  a  piano  selection,  after  which 
Prof.  Ferguson  discussed  "  The  kind  and 
quality  of  stock  to  raise." 

Prof.  Ferguson  said  in  part:  "Because  of 
the  different  conditions  which  the  farmers  in 
different  sections  of  Michigan  have  to  face, 
I  do  not  believe  any  definite  policy  for  stock 
raising  can  be  laid  down.  The 
southern 
portion  of  Michigan  is  adapted  to  hog  rais^ 
ing,  the  middle  portion  to  dairying.  The 
Michigan  farmer  should  have  dual  purpose 
stock,  and  from  time  to  time  have  recourse 
to  pure-bred  stock. 

U. M. Welch,  of Ionia,  considered  the  value 
of the  silo  for  lambs  and  steers.  He  showed 
some  astonishing  results  gained  by  silage 
feeding. 
two  pounds  of 
silage  is  the  equivalent  of  three  pounds  of 
dry  feed.  He  would  put  mature  corn  in  the 
silo,  especially  for  fatting  purposes. 

In  his  estimation 

Hon.  L.  W.  Watkins  of  Manchester  gave 
some  suggestions  for  the  simplest  method 
of  handling  the  corn  crop.  He  advocated 
the  shocking  of  corn  for  feeding  purposes. 
In  the  growing  of 
the  crop,  the  ground 
should  be  cultivated  very  thoroughly  before 
planting.  He  believed  the  rotation  of  crops 
should  be  respectively,  corn,  wheat,  clover. 
the  value  of  his 
methods  on  the  saving  in  labor  and  the  pre-. 
carious  supply  of  skilled  labor when  needed. 
interesting  and  profitable  discus 
sion  was  provoked  as  to  the  relative  merits 
of ensilage  and  shocked  corn  for  feeding. 

Mr.  Watkins 

based 

Much 

During 

this  session,  Mr.  Gingrich  sang 
two  selections,  " Chant  d'Amour  "  and  "  O 
Promise  Me." 

the  subject  "Rejuvenating 

F R U I T. 
C.  J.  Monroe,  of  the  State  Board,  was  in 
the  chair  Thursday  evening  and  after  a  few 
remarks  introduced  Prof.  Taft,  who  talked 
the  Apple 
on 
Orchards." 
"Many  of  our  old  orchards," 
said  Prof.  Taft,  "because  of  the  apple  can 
ker  and  insects  fell  off  in  their  production 
46 per  cent,  in  the  decade  from  1880  to  1890. 
In  1880,  Hillsdale  county  produced  265,000 
bushels  of  apples  for  export;  in  1890,  86,000 
bushels.  The  question  then  is.  Can  these 
renovated  profitably  ?" 
old  orchards  be 
Prof.  Taft  expressed 
this 
the  belief  that 
would  be  profitable  in  cases  where  the  trees 
the  orchards  have 
are  sound  and  where 
good  drainage  and  where  the  trees  have  a 
good  soil,  either  a  heavy  sandy 
loam  or 
light  clay  loam. 

Pruning, 

cultivation,  manuring, 
the  methods 

and 
calculated 

are 
spraying, 
to  renovate  old  orchards. 

Hon.  G.  C.  Creelman,  Superintendent  of 

Institutes 
for  Ontario,  spoke  next.  Mr. 
Creelman  was  a  graduate  student  at  M.  A. 
C,  '92-*93,  and  remembered  us  very  grace 
fully  in  his  opening  remarks.  His  subject 
was  "Canada—What  she  has  Done  for  the 
Farmer  by  Organization." 

is  strong  in 
Said  Mr.  Creelman,  "Canada 
her  farmer  organizations.  The 
live  stock, 
dairy,  and  various  other  associations  have 
helped  to  put  the  farmer  on  an  independent 
basis."  The  speaker  illustrated  this  in  the 
"Ontario  has  for  its  area 
following  way: 
a  larger  per  cent  of  pure  bred  stock 
than 
any  other  portion  of  North  America.  When 
hard  times  came  several  years  ago,  farmers 
to 
to  save 
ship  their  stock  to  the  western  provinces. 
This  could  not  be  done  profitably  because 
of  the  excessive 
live 
freight 
stock  association  was  formed  which,  be 
through  the 
cause  of  its  strength,  obtained 
Ottawa  parliament 
the  desired  end.  As  a 
result  of all  the  various  organizations,  bulle 
tins  are  sent  free 
into  every  village  and 
community  in  the  province. 

financially  desired 

rates.  The 

themselves 

Geo.  E.  Hilton  next  considered 

the  can 
ning  factory.  He  gave  it  as  his  opinion 
that  Michigan  should  be  the  leader  in  the 
industry  as  well  as  in  the  beet 
canning 
sugar 
industry,  one  reason  for  this  being 
that  the  tendency  is  toward  smaller  farms. 
Geo.  E.  Rowe  followed  this  talk,  discussing 
the  Raising  of  Fruits  and  Vegetables  for  the 
Canning  Factory. 
"  The  very  best  of  fruits 
and  vegetables  can  be  raised  in  Michigan," 
he  said. 
"A  proof  of  this  is  found  in  the 
fact  that  large  canning  companies  outside 
the  state  draw  up  large  contracts  with  farm 
ers  for  the  raising  of  fruits  and  vegetables. 
see 
Next  year,"  he  continued,  "should 
one  hundred  new  factories  in  operation 
in 
Michigan.  The  products 
to  be  raised  for 
the  factory  depend  on  soil,  condition  of 
roads  and  nearness  to  factory." 

The  M.  A.  C.  orchestra 
lent  music  for  this  session. 

furnished  excel 

is 

Flavor 

commercial 

the  creamery. 

little  understood 
butter  making 
outside 
is 
the  most  important  quality  in  good 
butter.  To  produce  good  butter  the 
cream  must  be  well  ripened. 
If 
left 
to  the  natural  process  of  rip 
ening,  the  cream  will  not  produce  a 
uniform  flavor  in butter.  A  "starter" 
should  be  used,  the best  starter  being 
the 
Cream 
should  be  kept  at  a low  temperature, 
while  ripening,  60  degrees  being 
the 
Shortly 
temperature. 
before  churning,  the  cream  should 
be  cooled  to  56  degrees.  A  good 
and  a  moderate 
quality  of 
amount 
the 
said 
speaker,  " p r o d u ce 
the  grain  of 
Immediately  after  churning, 
butter. 
butter  should  be  packed." 

of  working," 

starter. 

right 

salt 

This  talk  produced  much  interest 
ing  discussion  which  occupied  all 
the  time  till  the  close  of  the  session. 

State  Board  Meeting. 

T he  regular  meeting  of  the  State 
Board  was  called  to  order  Wednes 
day  afternoon.  February  26. 

All  members  present  except 

the 

governor. 

On  motion  of  M r.  Wells 

the 
board  went  into  executive  session  to 
open  bids  for  the  construction  of  a 
bacteriological 
a 
bacteriological  stable. 

laboratory 

and 

T he 

following  bids, 

including 
both  buildings  in  each  case  were 
then  opened: 

C.  Snaffer  &  Son,  Saline,  $23,-

585.16. 

Chas.  Hoertz  &  Son,  Grand  R a p 

ids,  $34,323  30. 

FRIDAY  MORNING. 

Geo.  Rickman  &  Son,  Kalama 

T he  classes  in  cooking  and  sew 
ing  at  the  W o m e n 's  building,  the 
exercises  in  spraying,  and  in  judging 
horses  and  swine,  at  the  Horticultu 
ral  laboratory  and  the  feeding  yards 
respectively  interested  a  large  num 
ber  of  delegates  during  the  first  part 
of  Friday  forenoon. 

BUTTER-MAKING. 

At  10:30  a.  m.  the  session  in  the 
armory  was  called  to  order  with  J. 
H.  Reed,  in  place  of  David  Wood 
ward,  in  the  chair. 

Silage 

in  1902. 

Prof.  C.  D.  Smith  opened 

the 
discussion  explaining  that  the  pur 
pose  of 
the  meeting  was  to  discuss 
the  production  of  milk  and  the  mak 
ing  of  butter  at  home.  He  stated 
that  in  1802  the  cow  was  kept  for 
summer  milking;  then  the  best  feed 
for  the  cow  was  the  pasture,  as  it  is 
now 
"  We  have  learned 
much  about  cow  feeding,"  he  con 
tinued,  " b ut  are still  in  the dark  con 
cerning  many  feeds  because  of 
the 
many  contrary  results  obtained  from 
the  same  experiments. 
is 
perhaps  the  best  feed.  Clover  hay 
is  also  valu 
because  of  protein 
able  but 
to  pro 
is  more  difficult 
duce  than  silage."  Prof.  Smith  then 
took  occasion  to  recommend  Henry's 
Feed  and  Feeding.  "  On  sandy  soil," 
he  continued,  "sand  luzerne  can  be 
commended  as  the  crop  to  be  grown 
for  the  cow.  T he  seed  for  planting 
is  obtained  from  Wernich  &  Co., 
Milwaukee,  W i s ."  T he  discussion 
at  this point  became  general.  Alsike 
under  certain  conditions  was  con 
sidered  by  general  vote  to  be  good 
— principally  for  ha v.  Cotton  seed 
meal  was  advanced  by  Prof.  Smith 
its 
as  a  valuable  feed  because  of 
power  to  produce  hard  butter. 

W.  A.  Ellis  was  the  next  speaker. 
His  subject  was,  "  Handling  cream 
and  making  butter."  " T he  question 
of  butter  making  has  been  much 
discussed," he said,"but  the science of 

zoo,  $24,600.00. 

Vandervoorst  &  Co.,  Kalamazoo, 

$35.295-55-

Chittenden  &  Skinner,  Lansing, 

$26,851.07. 

T he  employment  of  an 

instructor 
in  place  of  Mr. 

in  mathematics 
Brasefield  was  referred  to  Mr.  Wat 
kins,  President  Snyder  and  Profes 
sor  Vedder,  with  power. 

taking 

, T he  matter 

steps 
of 
toward  bringing  to  justice  the  party 
who  cut  down  a  fine,  large,  oak  tree 
on  the  College  athletic  grounds  was 
left  with  the  president  and  secretary 
of  the  College,  with  power. 
transfer  of 

lot  9,  College 
Delta,  to  Mr.  A n d r ew  Krentel  was 
approved  by  the  Board. 

T he 

Secretary  Bird  reported  that  the 
lists  of  all  remaining  College 
lands 
except  the  2,920  acres  reserved  for 
a  forestry  preserve  had  been 
filed 
with  the  Commissioner  of  the  State 
Land  Office,  and  pursuant  to  instruc 
tions  from  the  Board,  that  the  Com 
missioner  of  the  State  Land  Office 
had  been  authorized 
to  place  said 
lands  on  sale  as  soon  as  legal  adver 
tisement  could  be  made. 

THURSDAY  SESSION. 

to 
President  Marston  presented 
the  Board  the  report  of  State  Ac 
countant  H u m p h r ey  on  his  annual 
examination  of  the  office  of  Secre 
tary  Bird  on  December  14,  1901, 
with  the  following 
trans 
mittal : 

letter  of 

L A N S I N G,  M : C H ., 

December,  16,  1901. 

H O N.  T.  F.  M A R S T O N, 

President  State  Board  of  A g r i 

culture, 

Bay  City,  Mich. 
Dear  Sir:  T he  report  of 

the  ex 
amination  of  the  accounts  of  A.  C. 
Bird,  Secretary  of  the  State  Board 
of  Agriculture  as  required  by  Act 
123,  L a ws  of  1S95, is  herewith  sub 
mitted.  This  examination  took  up 

6 

T HE  M.  A.  C 

R E C O R D. 

M A R CH  4,  1902 

that 

T h e re 

last  Saturday 

this  examination,  I  was 

the  accounts  as  they  w e re 
repre 
sented  by  the  account  current  for 
month  ending  N o v e m b er  30,  1901. 
P a ge  1 is  a  statement  of  the  general 
situation.  P a g es  2 to  9 inclusive  are 
auxiliary  statements  summarized  on 
p a ge  1.  W h en  I  dropped  into  the 
Secretary's  office 
to 
in 
make 
that  the  Secretary  was  out 
formed 
of  the  city. 
It  is  a  pleasure,  how 
ever,  to inform  you  that  your  matters 
are  conducted  by  a  method  that  en 
to  drop  in  at  any  time 
ables  me 
w h e t h er  the  Secretary  is  there  or 
not  and  check  up  his  cash  account 
with  the  institution  account.  Y ou 
will  notice  by  page  1 
the 
accounts  agree  to  a  cent.  T h is  is 
to 
certainly  very  satisfactory 
this 
department. 
is  a  very 
a w k w a rd  situation  however,  in  con 
nection  with  this  work  but  this 
is 
the  fault  of  the  law.  We  had  hoped 
your  Board  would  obtain  an  amend 
ment  to  this  law  at  the  last  session 
of 
think  a  bill 
was  introduced  for  this  purpose  but 
to 
did  not  pass.  T he  peculiarity 
which  I  refer 
is  in  having  a  treas 
urer  who  is  in  fact  so  far  as  your 
transactions  are  concerned,  practi 
cally  nothing  but  a  banker.  Most 
of  the  laws  require  that  the  money 
shall  be  paid  by  the  State  to  your 
treasurer,  but  for  years  the  State  has 
paid  out  money 
this  way  and 
never  received  an  accounting  from 
T he  matter  was 
your 
b r o u g ht  to  the  attention  of  ex-secre 
tary  Butterfield  and  he  arranged 
with  the  Auditor  General  to  have 
the  payments  made  by 
the  State 
in  favor  of  the 
upon  a  requisition 
Secretary. 
It  does  seem  as  though 
something  ought  to  be done  to  make 
the  law  harmonize  w i t h'  what  ap 
pears  to  be  a  necessary  practice  in 
the  conduct  of  the  financial  work  at 
the  College. 

legislature. 

treasurer. 

the 

in 

I 

V e ry  respectfully, 

H E N RY  H U M P H R E Y, 

General  Accoutant. 

On  motion  the  report  was  received, 
to  be 

placed  on  file  and  ordered 
spread  on  the  records. 

On  recommendation  of  M r.  W a t-
kins  from  the  committee  on  experi 
ment  station,  M r.  T.  A.  F a r r a n d,  of 
Eaton  Rapids,  Mich.,  was  elected 
to  the  position  of  superintendent  of 
the  South  H a v en  sub-station  at  a 
salary  of  $50  per  month  and  house, 
beginning  March  1,  1902. 

the 

abatement 

Prof.  Pettit  was  authorized 

to 
looking 
continue  his  experiments 
toward 
the 
of 
mosquito  nuisance,  provided  no  oil 
or  other  ingredients  shall  be  used  in 
the  campus  ponds  which  may  be 
detrimental 
life,  without 
first  conferring  with  and  obtaining 
the  consent  of  the  superintendent  of 
grounds. 

to  plant 

T he  refitting  of 

the  quarters  oc 
cupied  by  engineer  N e w e ll  was 
authorized. 

T he  installation  of  a  cold  storage 
plant  in  the  W o m e n 's  Building  at  a 
cost  of  $192.00, as  per  plans  and  spe 
cifications  furnished  by  the  M c.  Cray 
Refrigerator  and  Cold  Storage  com 
pany,  of  Kendallville, 
Ind.,  was 
ordered. 

On  motion  of  M r.  Monroe 

the 
bid  of  C.  Shaffer  &  Son,  of  Saline, 
for  the  construction  of  the  bacterio 
logical  laboratory,  being  the  lowest 
of  all  received  was  accepted. 

On  motion  of  M r.  Marsh,  the  bid 
of  C.  Shaffer  &  Son,  for  the  con 
struction  of  the  bacteriological  stable, 
being  the  lowest  of  all  received,  was 
accepted. 

On  motion  of  P r e s.  S n y d er 

the 
secretary  was  authorized  to  return 

immediately 

certified  checks  to  unsuccessful  bid 
ders 
contract 
should  be  signed  by  the  above  men 
tioned  firm. 

after 

On  motion  of  M r.  Monroe,  Secre 
tary  Bird  and  Architect  Bowd  were 
authorized  to  enter  into  a  contract 
in  behalf  of 
the  board  with  C. 
Shaffer  &  Son,  for  the  construction 
of  the  two  buildings  named,  requir 
ing  from  said  contractors  sufficient 
bond  to  guarantee 
fulfillment 
of  the  contract. 

the 

Repairs  to  the  limit  of  $ 60  were 
authorized  in  the  horticultural  labor 
atory,  same 
to  be  made  under  the 
supervision  of  Professor  Taft. 

President  Snyder  and  Professor 
to  employ 
W e il  were  authorized 
j u d g m e nt 
such  experts  as  in 
their 
should  prove  advisable 
to  consult 
with  Professor  Weil  in  the  comple 
tion  of  the  plans  for 
the  general 
heating,  lighting  and  water  system 
for  the  College. 

Secretary  Bird  presented  the  fol 
im 

lowing  resignation  requesting 
mediate  action  on  same. 

Inasmuch  as  the  firm  of  Clippert, 
Spaulding  &  C o m p a n y,  of  which  I 
am  secretary  and 
treasurer,  desires 
to  enter  into  competition  for  the  fur 
nishing  of  brick  in  large  quantities 
the  coming  season, 
to  the  College 
from  which  competition  said 
firm 
would  be  precluded  by  statute  were 
I  to  continue  in  my  present  position, 
and  inasmuch  as  my  duties  in  con 
the  W e st  Michigan 
nection  with 
Nursery  C o m p a n y,  Benton  H a r b o r, 
are  continually  making  new  and  in 
creased  demands  upon  my  time,  I 
herewith 
tender  my 
resignation  as  secretary  of  the  State 
Board  of  Agriculture,  Agricultural 
College  and  E x p e r i m e nt  Station, 
same  to  take  effect  M ay  31,  1902. 
A.  C.  B I R D,  Secretary. 

respectfully 

Agricultural  College,  Mich., 
F e b r u a ry  27,  1902. 

On  motion 

resignation 

was 

accepted. 

Adjourned  to  meet  at  the  College 
board  rooms,  W e d n e s d a y,  March 
26,  1902,  at  2 : 00  p.  m. 

A  Geological  T r i p. 

[  Read  before  the Hesperian  Society]. 

Most  geological  trips  for  the  government 
are  quite  extensive  and  are  usually  made 
by  those  having  considerable  knowledge 
of the  subject,  who  return  with  very  impor 
tant  results.  During the summer  it was my 
opportunity  to do  some  field  work  for  the 
geological  survey  which  differed  from  the 
ordinary,  however;  first,  in  not  being  very 
extensive,  and secondly,  in  the  unfortunate 
fact  that  I had  never  been  inoculated  with 
any particular  knowledge of the subject.  For 
these  reasons  and also  because  much  of the 
work  is  yet  to  be  completed,  no  great  dis 
covery  or  particular  addition  to  present 
scientific  knowledge  is promised. 

In  the  past,  geologists  have  paid  a  great 
deal  of attention  to the question  of wells and 
well  waters,  especially  where  deep  wells 
are  located. 
It has  always  been  a  serious 
problem  to readily  and definitely  determine 
the  condition  of  the  sub-strata  and  the 
various  mineral  deposits  of  the  earth.  Of 
course  this  can  be  done,  but  usually  not 
without  considerable  preparation  and  ex 
pense.  Now  it has not  only  been  thought, 
but  to  a  certain  degree  has  been  proved, 
that  the  characteristics  of the  earth  and its 
deposits  can be  partly  ascertained  by  the 
analysis  of  its  well  waters.  And it is be 
lieved  that  such  examination  can  be  made 
to  reveal  much  more  of what  is below the 
surface  than  it  now does.  But besides  for 
purely  geological  purposes, the  examination 
of wells from  a hygienic  and sanitary  stand 
point  is also very  important. 

So  far, the  analysis  of  such  waters  has 
been  restricted  almost  entirely  to  the  labo 
ratory,  although  it is  commonly  known  that 
for  many  reasons  such  results  are  not as 

satisfactory  as those  that  might  be  obtained 
in  the  field.  For  instance,  the  presence  of 
marl,  and  other  valuable  carbonates  is 
partially  shown  by  the  amount  of  carbon 
dioxide  in fresh  water,  and for other  reasons 
the  determination  of  CO2 is  very  import 
ant.  This  gas is  lost  so  rapidly,  however, 
that  when  tested  in  the  laboratory  the re. 
suits can never  be  relied  upon,  and even in 
the  field  a  portion  of  it  is  almost  always 
lost.  Besides  the  loss  of  certain  elements, 
the  transportation  of  water  necessary  to 
laboratory  work 
affords  many 
chances  of error,  and so it is best  to  analyze 
the  water  right  in the  field.  In order  to see 
how  practical  field  analysis  would  be, and 
as  an  addition  to  some  work  previously 
done  in  the  eastern  counties,  I  was  given 
what  I thought  a pretty  good  opportunity  to 
experiment.  And  my  anticipations  were 
quite  fulfilled—my  experiences  being  more 
interesting  perhaps  in  a  general,  than  in  a 
geological way. 

always 

* 

* 

s 

* 

s 

* 

It  did not take  long to complete  the  work 
about  Pinconning  so  about  half  a  day  was 
spent  at Standish,  a  busy,  lumbering  town, 
yet  rather  a  pretty  place,  which  seems  to 
have  been  set  down  in  an  undeveloped 
part  of the  state.  Here  I found  the wells to 
be  much  freer  from  chlorine  (which  seemed 
to be the chief  peculiarity  of all) than  those 
further  south,  with  the  exception  of  one,  a 
large  flowing  well  about  1,200  feet  deep, 
which  was very  strong  in chlorine. 

From  Standish  I returned  on my wheel to 
Linwood  and  from  there  drove  over  many 
of the  routes  and collected  samples  of those 
waters  which  from  the field analysis  seemed 
sufficiently  important  and  characteristic  of 
a  certain  territory  to warrant  a  more  exten 
sive  quantitative  analysis  in the laboratory. 
These  samples  were  collected  in  carefully 
sealed,  two-quart,  mineral  water  bottles, 
and  shipped  in  cases  to  the  chemical de 
partment  here, and it  is  upon  these  that  I 
In order to obtain  a  check 
am  yet to work. 
upon  my  results  several  previously  tested 
wells  were  analyzed  in Midland,  and  while 
there  I  found  several  old  friends,  among 
whom  was  Olmstead  who was  engaged  in 
the  mercantile  business. 

Perhaps  the most  interesting  phase  of the 
work  in a  scientific  way were  the  visits to 
the  coal mines.  When coal has been  located 
the  first  thing  usually  done  is  to  carefully 
determine  and  map  the  depth,  thickness, 
and  extent  of the  veins;  and this  is  done  in 
some  cases by making  numerous  drillings 
and  surveys  upon  the  surface.  When  this 
has been  accomplished  and the land  leased, 
the shaft  is sunk,  an operation depending up 
on the relative location of the lowest and  most 
central  points  of the  mine.  The location of 
the  shaft  being  settled,  miners'  cottages are 
built, stores  are gradually  opened  and  with 
the  shops, offices,  power  house, etc.,  a  little 
In the summer 
settlement  is soon  started. 
the  mines  are  not  worked  every  day  and 
those  which  I visited  were  only  undergoing 
some  repairs. 

Very  close to the  structure  over  the  coal 
shaft,  which  reminds  one of a small  but high 
grain  elevator,  the  power  house  is  located, 
and  connecting  these  two may be seen  large 
braces,  several  pipe  and  cable  lines, and 
numerous  signal  wires.  Near  these  build 
ings  are also  a  number  of  railway 
tracks 
with  loaded  coal  cars,  and  perhaps  a  small 
elevated  track  on  which  coal  may be taken 
from  the shaft  to the  power  house.  As  one 
steps  up to the  shaft  and  opens  the gate or 
heavy  door  to  look  down,  he  finds  that 
there  are two  cages  both  arranged  to work 
simultaneously  and  in  opposite  directions, 
and  that  these are usually only  very  roughly 
made  elevators  having  a  track  upon  their 
platforms  which  is  so arranged  that  when a 
cage  leaves  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  with a 
car  of coal, the center  of  its  platform  bear 
ing the car truck  drops  several  inches,  thus 
preventing  the car  from  moving 
laterally. 
When the  cage  comes  up it ascends  to quite 
a  height  above the surface,  where the  coal is 
mechanically  dumped  into  chutes  which in 
turn  take it to the cars  or wherever  desired. 
At  the  first  mine  which  I  visited  the 
"Super"  went  down  with  me.  We  went 
over  to  the  power  house,  exchanged  our 
hats  for  miners'  caps  with  lamps,  and  the 
"Super"  said  to  the  engineer:  "Jim, let's 
have the east  cage,  please."  The wind was 

so strong  that  we  were  unable  to-light our 
lamps  before  going  "below" and so stepped 
over  to  the  shaft  and in upon  the cage—or 
rather  platform,  it  being  a  loose  rickety 
affair  having  a  piece of thin  sheet  iron  over 
the  top.  The  "Super"  pulled  a 
lever 
sounding  a gong to the  engineer  who,  after 
returning  our  signal,  was  again  notified 
that  we were  all ready, and then  he  rapidly 
lowered  us into the  mine,  the  cage  creak 
ing  and  wabbling  down  the  dark  hole, 
rattling  little stray  chunks  of  coal  against 
the  tin  over  our  heads,  and at  last,  after 
long  and  trying  suspense  and with  much 
jerking,  stopping  in  a  pool  of water  at  the 
bottom  of the shaft.  Everything  was  black r 
awfully  black,  the hissing  of steam  and t he 
pounding  of pumps  echoed  strangely  from 
several  directions.  My  feet  were  wet;  the 
air  was  cool  and  refreshing;  but  I was  a 
little  nervous  and did  not  move  until  the 
"Super"  said,  "Stoop  low,"  and  led  me 
three  or four  feet  into  the  darkness.  Our 
lamps  were  then  lit, but  forgetting  to stoop, 
mine  was  quickly  extinguished  against  a 
from 
solid  but  uneven  low  slate  ceiling 
which  hung  glistening  drops  of  water. 
Underneath  it was  wet; I  stood  between  a 
couple  of  small  rails,  and  looking  ahead 
beheld  a  narrow,  black  and  ragged  hole 
which  seemed  to end  not  ten feet  beyond. 
I  was in a  mine and  instantly  thought  of the 
two  hundred  feet of earth and rock  over me. 
It  did not fall,  however,  and I took  courage. 
thoughts  of  danger  were  only 
momentary  and  as we started  through  the 
mine the "Super"  pointed  out  many  inter 
esting  things.  The methods  of  mining, of 
course,  vary  a  great  deal,  according  to the 
condition  of the  coal,  rock,  earth,  etc.  In 
this  mine  the  bed  was  surmounted  by  a 
layer  of slate  from  70 to 90 feet  thick  which 
formed  so  strong  a  ceiling  that  very  few 
wooden  pillars  were  necessary. 
Instead  of 
these 
the  "entries,"  as  the  tunnels  are 
called,  were  only  four  to  six  feet  wide  and 
were  so left  that  at frequent  intervals  arches 
and  pillars  of  coal  in  the wall  served  as 
supports.  These  "entries"  usually  extend 
in  two or more  directions from the shaft and 
follow  the  bed  of  coal,  sometimes  going 
down  sharp  inclines  or around  a curve, and 
occasionally  up a steep  grade.  They  often 
intersect  in  what  are  called  "rooms," and 
as the mining  continues  branches  are  de 
veloped.  Only  short  low  cars  are  used, 
these  being  drawn  to  the  shaft  by  mules 
which  in  the  small  mines  are taken  up in 
In order  to avoid  possi 
a  box car at night. 
ble  collisions  in the dark,  especially  in large 
mines,  the entries  are  usually  so  arranged 
that  for  the  most  part  cars  move  only  in 
one  direction.  Sometimes  this  is  accom 
plished  by having  the tunneling in the form 
of a  figure  eight,  there  being  at the shaft  a 
short  curved  passage  which  enables  the 
mules to pass  from  one  side  of the  shaft  to 
the  other,  in  exchanging  a  loaded  for  an 
empty  car, without  crossing the cage. 

These 

The  objects  of having the  shaft  at the low 
est  point  in the mine are, to allow  the  water 
to be pumped  out from  there,  thus  avoiding 
the  necessity  of  placing  steam  lines  in dis 
tant  parts,  and to  facilitate  the  transporta 
tion  of  coal  to  the  shaft,  which  if  much 
grade  is  involved,  becomes  an  important 
matter. 

If the  lowest  part  of the  mine  is in  some 
distant  entry,  pumps  must  be  put  there  to 
force  the accumulating  water  to the  surface 
or,  in  most  cases,  only  to  the  shaft,  from 
which  other  pumps  force  it  out.  In  either 
case,  elaborate  piping  is  necessary  and  if 
the  entry  be a  mile or two long,  compressed 
air  is  usually  substituted  for steam.  These 
pipes' lie  alongside  the tracks  and  are  fre 
quently  tapped  to  furnish  power  for  the 
drills,  which,  in  modern  mining,  take  the 
place  of the old picks, the coal  being  blasted 
out by powder  or dynamite. 

There  are  often  large  streams  of  water 
emptying  into a  mine and one  of the  inter 
esting  ways of controlling these  is to cement 
a  short  pipe with  a valve  in close  connection 
with  the  source,  allowing  the  water  to 
escape  through  the  valve  until  the  cement 
solidifies,  and  then  to  turn  off  the  water. 
These pipes are very often  seen  in mines and 
in case of fire, if the  pumps  are stopped,  will 
flood the  mine  in  a  short  time. 
In  almost 
every  mine  I visited  there were salty  waters, 
but  in  one case  I found  fresh  water  *  * 
F.  w.  o. 

M A R CH  4,  1902. 

T  H  E  M.  A. 

C. 

R  E  C  O  R  D. 

7 

Grand  Rapids, M. A. C. Asso 
ciation. 

of 

T he  members 

the  Grand 
"Rapids  M.  A.  C.  Association  en 
j o y ed  a  social  gathering  in  the  par 
lors  of 
the  P a rk  Congregational 
C h u r c h,  Friday  evening,  F e b.  21. 
T he  same  cordial  spirit  prevailed 
which  was  so  noticeable  at  the  re 
union  and  supper  held  in  Dec.  We 
several  friends  w ho  met 
greeted 
time,  but  who 
with  us  for  the  first 
will  certainly  come  when  next 
in-
Tited.  T he  rooms  were  nicely  dec 
orated  with 
the 
approach  of  our  National  holiday. 
To  the  committee  having  charge  of 
the  evening's  entertainment  great 
credit  is  due  for  the  pleasure  which 
all  enjoyed. 

in  honor  of 

flags 

After  the  hearty  greetings  and  an 
enjoyable  game,  which 
provoked 
much  merriment,  the  company  lis 
to 
tened  to  some  items  of 
M.  A.  C.  friends. 

interest 

Mr.  Garfield  spoke  of  President 
Olute's  death  and  paid  a  tribute  to 
his  memory.  He  presented  resolu 
tions  prepared  by  H.  Arnold  W h i te 
which  were  unanimously  adopted  by 
the  association.  Mr.  Nellist  spoke 
of  his  recent  visit  to  the  College  and 
of 
the  class  who  would  soon  visit 
Grand  Rapids  greenhouses  to  learn 
how  to  grow  lettuce. 

Mrs.  Coulter  read  the  account  of 
D r.  Kedzie's  79th  birthday  as  given 
in  T HE  R E C O R D,  and 
the  president 
of  our  association,  Dr.  Griswold,  the 
oldest  M.  A.  C.  man  in 
the  city, 
gave  a  beautiful  tribute  to  Dr.  Ked-
.zie  and  spoke  of 
that 
he  had  been  able  to  accomplish  at 
the  College. 

the  work 

A m o ng  other  things  Dr.  Griswold 
said  "  Dr.  Kedzie  is  the  first  physi 
cian  I  can  remember  and  he  is  asso 
ciated  with  some  of  the  pleasantest 
recollections  of  my  life.  We  lived 
in  Vermontville  and  to  this  settle 
ment  of  N ew  Englanders,  Dr.  Ked 
zie  came  from  Oberlin,  accompanied 
by  his  wife,—  a  brilliant  woman,  his 
equal  in  every  respect,  yet  so  quiet, 
few  knew  her  intimately. 

life  of 

D r.  Kedzie  at  once  became 

He  visited 
funny  stories,  which 

the 
the  whole  com 
wit  and 
the  schools, 
munity. 
always 
told 
had  an  underlying 
the 
pupils  were  ever  ready  to  welcome 
this  visitor. 

truth,  and 

" N o r t h e rn 

It  was  D r.  Kedzie  who  started 
it  was  he 
the  literary  society  and 
fruit 
w ho  brought  the  first  grafted 
into 
I  well  re 
that  community. 
member  going  out  to  see  that  first 
load  of  trees  and  I  can  even  now  re 
member  the  labels,  "  R h o de  Island 
G r e e n i n g ," 
S p y ," 
"Golden  Russets."  On  our  farm  at 
Vermontville  today  one  can  see  some 
that  Dr.  Kedzie 
of  the  same  trees 
I  re 
brought  to  that  vicinity  and 
member  helping  my 
father  plant 
them  years  ago. 
Dr.  Griswold 

some 
stories  that  well  illustrated  the  wit 
for  which  D r.  Kedzie  is  so  noted 
and  afterwards  paid  a  glowing  trib 
ute  to  the  work  done  by  this  grand 
man  during  the  civil  war,  where  he 
"worked  so  hard 
that  he  was  com 
pelled  on  account  of  ill  health  to  re 
sign  his  commission  before  the  war 
was  ended. 

then 

told 

T he  College  needed  a  professor 
It  was  twelve  years 
of  chemistry. 
that  D r.  Kedzie  had  gradu 
before 
ated  at  Oberlin,  and  he  had  only  a 
little  chemistry  in  his  medical  course 
at 
time, 
but  he  took  up  the  work  at  M. 
things  in  a 
.A.  C.  where  he  found 
.most  deplorable  condition,  and  built 

the  University  since 

that 

up  from  almost  nothing 
fine 
course  for  which  the  College  is  to 
day  so  famous. 

the 

Dr.  Kedzie  worked  early  and  late. 
lecture  every  night,  and 
W r o te  a 
after  he  had gone  home I used to sleep 
in  that  little  room,  off  one  corner  of 
the  recitation  room  in  College  Hall, 
which  contained  all 
the  chemical 
equipments  owned  by  the  College 
in  those  early  days  at  M.  A.  C ." 

T he  Washington,.D.  C,  M.  A.  C. 
its 
Alumni  Association  will  hold 
annual  meeting  in  the  near  future. 

"  T he  hospital  patient,"  Dr.  Mar 
shall  says," is fully  recovered  and  the 
hospital 
disinfected. 
T he  general  health  of  College  is 
better  than  for  some  time." 

thoroughly 

T he  Themian  Society  entertained 
the  ladies  of  the  faculty  at  an  At 
H o me 
rooms  on 
their  society 
March  1,  1902.  A  short  program 
was  given  and 
refreshments 
served. 

light 

in 

H.  G.  Driskel  and  G.  D.  F r a n 
last  week  ar 
cisco  were  in  Jackson 
ranging  for  their  thesis  which  con 
sists  of  a  test  for  the  efficiencies  of 
the  Ingersoll—Sergeant 
type  of  air 
compressor  in  the  prison  works  of 
the  Withington  Cooley  Mfg.  Co., 
of  that  place. 

We  regret  to  announce  that  Mr. 
C.  N.  Janes,  with  '03,  is  suffering 
with  an  hallucination 
that  he  has 
heart  disease  and  is  threatened  with 
immediate  death.  He  was 
taken 
on  Sunday  to  his  home  in  Illinois. 
Mr. Janes  was  an  unusually  bright 
student  and  the  case  is  a  peculiarly 
sad  one. 

Furniture... 
Headquarters 

COriPLETE  LINE  OF 

FURNITURE  FOR 

STUDENTS'  ROOMS 

Canvas  Cots  at  95c.  W o v en  W i re 
Cots  at  $1.50.  W o v en  W i re 
and 
Springs  at  $1.50,  $2.00, 
$2.50.  Mattresses  at  $2.00,  $2.50 
and  $3.00.  Tables  at  $1.50  and 
$1.35. 

Chairs  at  50c  up. 

AH  goods  delivered 

to  your  room  free. 

M. J.  &  B. M. Buck. 

T he  main  item  in  Stoves  is  to 

get  the  best  for  the  least  money. 

We  have  the  nicest  assortment  ever 

in  the  city.  Steel  Ranges  $ J 8.00 

to  $40.00;  Cast  Cook  Stoves  with 

Reservoir  $16.00  to  $25.00;  Base 

Burner  Coal  Stoves 

$25.00 

to 

$40.00;  Soft  Coal  Air-Tight  Stoves 

$12.00  to  $18.00;  Air-Tight  Wood 

Stoves  $5.00 

to  $9.00;  Nice  Oil 

Heaters  $3.25  to  $4.00.  Everyone 

of  them  fully  guaranteed.  A  nice 

line  of  Pocket  Cutlery,  Razors, 

Shears,  in  fact  anything  needed  in 

the  Hardware  Line  y ou  will  find  it 

and  at  prices  to  suit  you,  at 

NORTON'S  HARDWARE. 

Simons  Dry  Goods  Co's 
OPENING  SPRING  SALE 

OF 

WASH  GOODS,  EMBROIDERIES,  WHITE  GOODS, 

LACES,  AND  MUSLIN  UNDERWEAR, 

New  Spring  Line  of 
CARPETS  AND  RUGS 

S i m o ns  Dry  Goods  Co. 

Your  Attention  Ladies! 

We  are  catering  to  the  wants  of  those  who  are 
intrinsic 

looking  for  high  grade  goods  at  their 
value.  We  are  headquarters  for  .  .  . 

BRAINERD  &  ARMSTRONG'S 
SILKS—The  Best. 

COLUMBIA  YARNS 
The  Best. 

Filo  Floss,  Roman  Floss, Wash  Twist, 
Rope  Silk,  Purse  Twist,  Knitting  Silk, 
Pemey  Embroidery  Twist. 

Shetland  Floss, 

Shetland  Wool, 

Germantown  and  Saxony. 

Mountings  for  Purses—Steel  Beads,  Gold  Beads, Jet  Beads,  Turquois  Beads. 

Our line  of  Chattelaine  Steel  and  Metal  Bags  is  the  finest.  Do not  be  satisfied 

until you  see them.  Send  your  orders  to  the 

Donsereaux  Giotliino  & Grocery Go. 

Our big wagon  passes  your  door daily.  Your orders carefully  filled. 

This  cut  represents  the 

IMPERIAL  HAT,  one  of 

the  best  three-dollar  hats 

made. 

Carry  complete 

lines  of  Spalding's  Sweaters,  Supporters,  Sleeve 

less  Shirts,  R u n n i ng  Pants,  Military  Gloves. 

Students  patronage  Solicited. 

Elgin  flifflin. 

*u^^»r*»t'uw\rt,fw,p*/\iW\s\,>w*p*r\i*\i'\tPi,nwf'*nw^^*MW\r\t^^ 

MELBA  SHOES  } 

For  M. A.  C. Girls. 

\ 

We  carry  a 

full 

line  of 

these  * 

shoes 

in 

light 

turns,  medium  and  $ 

rope  stitched  welts—in  Patent,  Vici  5 

or  Box  Calf  leathers.  Equals  most  I 

three-fifty  to  four-dollar  shoes. 

> 

Our price $3.00 

C.  D. WOODBURY, 

HOLLISTER  BLOCK. 

8 

T HE 

M.  A,  C.  R E C O RD 

M A R CH 

O ld  Students. 

Recommendations. 

Cards  are  out  announcing 

the 
marriage  of  G.  W.  Gutekunst,  ' 0 1, 
to  Miss  Lavina  B.  Murray,  Wednes 
day,  March  5th.  Mr.  Gutekunst  is 
foreman  of  the  T o w ar  dairy  farm 
near  A nn  Arbor. 

A  recent  letter  to Prof.  Weil  from 
H.  A.  Hagadorn,  98*2,  who  is  with 
the  General  Electric  Company,  of 
Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  gives  an  inter 
esting  account  of  testing  work 
for 
Mr.  Hagadorn 
that 
is 
'oow, 
states  that  Geo.  B.  Fuller, 
working  for  the  same  company. 

company. 

Illinois  Farmers' 

T he  Chicago  Drovers' 

Journal 
gives  an  account  of  a  meeting  of  the 
reorganized  Board  of  Directors  of 
Institutes. 
the 
T he  first  district  is  represented  by 
C.  P.  Reynolds, 
' 9 9 - ' o i.  Dean 
Eugene  Davenport,  '78,  addressed 
the  meeting  on  difficulties 
the 
• way  of  sending  out  speakers  from 
the  College  and  experiment  station 
of  the  University.  T he  desire  was 
expressed  by  members  of  the  board 
to  have 
the  College  men  go  out 
even  though  the  faculty  at  the  Uni 
versity  must  be  enlarged  to  do  so. 

in 

T h e re  has  come  to  the  College 
within  the  past  week  the  prospectus 
the  Graduate 
of  the  first  session  of 
to  be  held 
School  of  Agriculture, 
to  August  1st,  1902,  at 
July  7th 
Columbus,  Ohio.  This  session 
is 
held  under  the  auspices  of  the  Ohio 
State  University,  with  the  co-oper 
the  U.  S.  Department  of 
ation  of 
Agriculture  and  the  Association  of 
American  Agricultural  Colleges  and 
Experiment  Stations. 
looking 
over  the  faculty,  four  of  the  twenty-
nine  instructors  are  found  to  be  M. 
A.  C.  men,  namely,  L y m an 
J. 
Briggs,  P h.  D.,  '93,  soil  physicist, 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture; 
L.  H.  Bailey,  M.  S.,  '82,  of  Cornell 
University;  Eugene  Davenport,  M. 
Agr.,  '78,  University  of  Illinois,  and 
Prof.  C.  D.  Smith,  of  the  College. 

In 

M.  A.  C  58,  Hillsdale  20. 

M.  A.  C.  beat  Hillsdale  Saturday 
at  basket-ball  before  a  good-sized 
audience.  Blanchard  and  Balbach 
were  absent  from 
the  regular  team, 
but  Morgan  and  Tuttle,  who  were 
substitutes,  did  excellent  work. 

T he  game  was 

interesting 

a  spectator's  point  of  view, 
number  of  fouls  called 
the  intensity  of  the  play. 

from 
the 
indicating 

T he  line-up  was  as  follows:' 

M.  A.  C. 

1 

T u t t le 
M o r g an 
H a f t e n c a mp  j 
Cooper 
j 
T o w er 

Backs 

F o r w a rds 

C e n t er 

Hillsdale. 
J  Boone 
I Will Wiley 
f  B a k er 
1  H i g b ee 
W a rd 

S u b s t i t u te  for  Hillsdale,  Wood;  for  M.  A. 

C,  K i n g s l e y. 

Baskets  t h r o w n,  H a f t e n c a m p,  10;  Cooper, 
7;  T u t t l e,  1;  T o w e r,  1;  W a r d,  3;  Wiley,  i\ 
Boone,  1; 

Goals  from  fouls,  W a r d,  2;  Cooper,  1. 

An 

interesting  game  of  basket 
ball  was  played  by  the  junior  and 
freshmen  teams  in  the  armory  Sat 
urday  afternoon  preceding  the  M. 
A.  C.-Hillsdale  game, the  freshmen 
winning  by  the  score  18 to  13.  T he 
following  was  the  line  u p: 

FRESHMAN. 
D a v e n p o rt  J  F o r w a r d s. 

POSITION. 

JUNIORS. 

{ K i n s l ey  (Capt.) 

C e n t re 
Bald 
J o h n s on  (Capt.)  1  B 
Elliott 

. 
)B a c kS 

G r a v es 
{  Mason 
i  W h e e l er 

B a s k e t s:  Shafer,  3;  Yates,  2;  Kingsley, 
1;  Bald,  1;  D a v e n p o r t,  1;  > J o h n s o n,  1* 
G r a v e s,  1. 

Baskets  from  fouls:  Kingsley,  1. 

As  often  as  once  a  week  on 

the 
average  throughout  the  year,  I  am 
asked  to  give  in  writing  an  opinion 
of  some  former  student  setting  forth 
his  qualifications  for  some  position. 
Here  are  some  of  the  favorite  ex 
pressions  that  are  used  more  or  less 
in  the  recommendations  prepared  by 
the  writer.  Some  of  them  count  on 
the  right  side, others  have  a  negative 
value: 

He  was  one  of 

fear  he  may  do  a 

the  best  men  in 
his  class.  He 
is  a  smart  young 
man,  easy  to  get  along  with  and  is 
well  worthy  a  place  in  your  faculty, 
if  you  can  secure  him  you  will  surely 
make  no  mistake.  He  is  not  afraid 
of  hard  work,  ready  to  work  out  of 
season  and  over-time,  not  over-cau 
tious  for 
little 
more  than  he  thinks  he  is  paid  for. 
He 
is  always  busy,  economizing 
time  to  a  remarkable  degree.  He 
is  persevering;  very  energetic;  has 
vim,  push.  He 
is  honest;  never 
tricky.  He  knows  how  to  set  him 
self 
to  work  without  having  some 
one  to  tell  him  or  follow  him  up. 
He  possesses  unusual  ability.  He 
has  lots  of  Gumption,  mechanical 
tact;  he  knows  how 
to  perform 
many  jobs  well,— a  very  valuable 
quality.  He  can  tie  up  a  package, 
pack  a  box,  mail 
live  plants,  head 
up  a  barrel  and  address  it  neatly,  all 
of  which  are  accomplishments  of  a 
very  high  value.  He  is  neat,  tidy, 
orderly—puts 
things  away  without 
any  hints  from  any  one. 

He  doesn't  drop  and  leave  things 
just  where 
last  used.  His  habits 
are  good,  excepting  he  uses  tobacco. 
is  in  good  health  with  great 
He 
i s n 't 
endurance.  He 
physical 
flighty,  now  working  like  a  beaver, 
and  then  tired  out  and  begging  for 
a  few  days  off.  He  doesn't  ask  on 
every  Friday  night  to  be  absent  till 
Monday  noon  ( M o st  likely  to  see 
his  g i r l ?)  He  isn't  afraid  to  do  a 
share  of  work  that  soils  his  hands, 
or  a  dead  work  that  doesn't  seem  to 
count  on  his  advancement.  He 
is 
cheerful,  never  morose,  genial,  not 
garrulous. 

W.  J.  B. 

Lewis  G.  Michael,  with  ' 0 1,  goes 
soon  from  H o rr  to  Aldridge,  Mon., 
"  where,"  as  he  says, "I  am 
to  go 
underground  as  assistant  mine  fore 
man  for  the  Montana  Coal  &  Coke 
Co." 

the  M.  A.  C.  graduates 
Some  of 
the  meetings  last  week 
present  at 
are  as 
follows:  Gertrude  Lowe, 
with  ' 0 1;  Geo.  A.  Gould,  '99,  and 
wife,  Munising,  Mich.;  E.  W.  Ran-
ney,  '99,  Greenville,  Mich.;  F.  L. 
Wood worth,  '98,  Caseville,  Mich.; 
Fred  Williams,  Petoskey,  Mich.; 
'96,  candi 
Dan.  F.  Pagelsen,  with 
date  on 
for 
ticket 
the  republican 
county  attorney  of  Ottawa  county; 
W.  L.  Cumings,  '93,  Menominee, 
Mich.;  Kenyon  L.  Butterfie'd,  ' 9 1, 
of  A nn  Arbor,  Mich.;  A.  B.  Cook, 
'91,  president  of  Michigan  Farmers' 
' 9 1,  mining 
Clubs;  V.  S.  Hillyer, 
engineer, 
Iron  Mountain,  Mich.; 
J o hn  Hobart,  '86,  N ew  Baltimore, 
Mich.;  Colon  C.  Lillie,  '84,  Coop-
ersville,  Mich.;  J.  W.  Beaumont, 
the  attorneys  for 
'82,  w ho  is  one  of 
the  defense  of  F r a nk  Andrews  of 
Detroit  City  Savings  Bank 
fame; 
Walter 
cently  been  appointed  assistant  U. 
S.  district  attorney,  Grand  H a v e n; 
William  Caldwell,  '76,  Commerce, 
Mich.;  J ay  Sessions,  '74,  of  Maple 
Rapids;  Geo.  A.  Farr, 
' 7 1,  who 
has  just  been 
reappointed  U.  S. 
customs  collector,  Grand  Haven. 

I.  Lillie,  ' 8 1,  who  has  re 

THE  JEWETT  &  KNAPP  STORE 

Lansing's Low Priced  Reliable  Store 

E v e ry  Department  full  of  New  S p r i ng  a nd  S u m m er  Goods. 

N ew  Dress  Goods,  Silks,  Laces,  Gloves,  Hosiery,  Underwear,  Silk 
and  Cotton  Shirt  Waists,  Muslin  Underwear,  Dress  and  W a l k i ng  Skirts. 
Tailor  Made  Suits,  and  Jackets. 

We  also  carry  a  Complete  Stock  of  Lace  C u r t a i ns  a nd  Draperies. 

222,  224  W a s h i n g t on  A v e.  S. 

L a n s i n g,  M i c h. 

Jewett  &  Knapp, 

When in need "f 

FINE  STATIONERY,  INVITATIONS 

o r C A R DS 

Lawrence  & Van  Baren  Printing  Co. 
Lansing  Mich. 

122  Ottawa  St.  E. 

DIRECTORY 

LANSING BUSINESS and 
PROFESSIONAL  M E N —^ 
T he  n a m es  in  this  Directory,  as  well  as 
those  of  all  o ur  o t h er a d v e r t i s e r s, a re  of  reli 
able  p a r t i e s.  We  h o pe  t h at  t he  faculty  a nd 
s t u d e n ts  will  t a ke  p a i ns  to  p a t r o n i ze  those 
who  patronize  u s. 

BARBERS. 

College work  especially solicited. 

J H.  WOOD—Barber.  106  Michigan  Avenue  E. 
M 

A.  C. BARBER  SHOP,  Room 44 Williams 

Hall.  E.  E.  Reynolds, Propr. 

BOOKS  AND  STATIONERY. 

A M.  E M E R Y.  116  Wash.  Ave.  N.  Books, 

Fine  Stationery,  Engraved  Calling  Cards, 
Fountain  Pens.  Pictures,  Frames.  New  store. 
New  Stock. 

CITY  BOOK  STORE.  Fountain  Pens,  Drafting 

Tools,  Stationery,  Card^,  Engraved,  Pictures 
and Picture  Framing.  Tennis, Football  and  Base 
ball goods.  Crotty  Bros., 206 Wash. Ave.  N. 

ALL  MEATS 

May  look  a l i ke  to  you,  but  t h e re  is  a 

v e ry  g r e at  difference  in  t he  quality  we  han 
t h at  sold  by  s o me  other  m a r k e t s. 
dle  a nd 
the  very  best.  Like-
We  h a n d le  n o ne  but 
t he  p u d d i n g,  t he  proof  of  good  m e a ts 
is  im 
t he  e a t i n g.  A  trial  will  convince  vou  t h at 
you  ought  to  t r a de  with  u s. 

We  make  daily  trips  to  the  College. 
BOTH  PHONES.  Careful  attention  given  to. 

'phone orders. 
, . 

„, 
Washington  Ave. South. 

GOTTLIEB  REUTTER. 

FURNISHING  GOODS. 

J L G IN  M I F F L I N . - L a d i e s'  and  Gentlemen'! 
j  Furnishing  Goods.  See  ad. 

FURNITURE  DEALERS. 

M J.  or  B.  M.  BUCK.—Furniture.  Cor.  Wash 

ington  Avenue and Ionia  Street.  See ad. 

HACK  AND  BAGGAGE  LINES. 

O RDER  your  hacks  for  parties  at  Carr's  Hack 

Line.  Livery  in connection.  410  Washington. 

Ave.  N. 

HARDWARE,  STOVES  AND  TINWARE. 

tail  Hardware  and  House  Furnishings.  21E-
and 213 Washington  Avenue  North. 

J ACOB  STAHL  &  SON,—Wholesale  and  Re 
N ORTON'S HARDWARE—General Hardware, 

Stoves,  Tinware,  Graniteware,  Cutlery,  etc. 

Ill  Washington  Ave. South.  See  ad. 

INSURANCE. 

THE  DYER-JENISON-BARRY  CO.,  LTD.„ 

Incorporated) Hollister  Block.  All  kinds of  the-

best insurance.  Strongest  agency in  city. 

BOOK  BINDERS 

JEWELERS. 

GEO.  G.  BLUDEAU  &  CO  ,  Book-binding  of 

every  description  done  r.edtly  and  promptly. 

109  Wash.  Ave.  N. 

BOOTS.AND 

SHOES. 

C D.  WOODBURY.— Boots  and  Shoes.  We 

shoe the students.  See ad. 

CONFECTIONERY. 

ONLY'  the  best  candies  at  the  "  Sugar  Bowl." 

Cor. Washington  Ave. and  Allegan. 

Jeweler  and  Optician. 

121 Washington  Ave.  N.,  Lansing, Mich. 

CHAS.  A.  P I E L L A. 
B P.  RICHMOND—Watchmaker,  Jeweler  and 

Engraver.  200-202 Washington  Avenue  N. 

MANICURE  AND  HAIRDRESSING. 

M RS.  O.  T.  CASE—Manicure and Hairdressingf 

Parlors.  Masquerade  wigs for rent.  Switches* 
made  of  cut  hair  or  combings.  New  'phone  118. 
222^6 Washington  Avenue S.,  up stairs. 

CLOTHING. 

MERCHANT  TAILORS. 

Ave.  S. 

.  Goods.  113  Wash.  Ave.  N. 

H KOSITCHEK  &  BRO.—Clothing  and  Dry 
LOUIS  BECK.—Clothier.  Gents'  Furnishings, 

Hats  and Caps.  112 Washington  Ave.  North. 

210  Wash, 

CROCKERY  AND  GLASSWARE. 

H H.  LARNED.—China,  Glass  and  Lamps. 

105 Washington  Ave. S. 

trade solicited.  Opposite Hotel Downey, North. 

WOODBURY  &  SAVAGE.—Tailors.  Student 
J OHN  H E R R M A N N 'S SONS. 

218 Washington  Avenue  N. 

MUSIC,  PIANOS,  ETC. 

THE  POST  MUSIC  CO.  Pianos,  Organs  and 

everything  in  the  line  of  music.  219  Wash 

ington  Ave.  N, 

DENTISTS. 

OCULISTS. 

Lansing. 

Ave.  S.  Phones, Bell  520 office,  residence 732. 

Building,  corner  Wash,  and  Mich.  Aves., 

L PARKER  GEORGE,  D.  D.  S.  Whitney 
D E.  PARMELEE—Dentist.  218  Washington 
J 
R  W.  MORSE,  D. D. S. 

E.  STOFFER,  A.  B.,  D.  D.  S.  Office  109 
Washington  Ave.S.  Former  M. A.  C.  student. 

Hollister Block, Room 517. 

J OSEPH  FOSTER,  M. D.—Eye,  Ear,  Nose and 

Throat.  Hours  9  to  12 A.  M.  City  National 

Bank Building, Lansing. 

PHOTOGRAPHS. 

C E.  W A L T E R,  M. A. C.  I make Photographs; 

Landscapes,  Buildings,  Interiors, Flash-lights, 
Lantern  Slides,  Transparencies,  Medallions  and 
Stereoscopic  Views.  Developing  and  Printing  for 
Amateurs.  Views  for sale. 

DRUGGISTS. 

PHYSICIANS. 

date.  Corner  store.  Opposite Hollister Block. 

ROUSER'S  CAPITAL  DRUG  STORE.  Up  to 
R OBINSON  DRUG  CO., successors to  Alsdorf 

&  Son,  Drugs  and  Druggists'  Sundries.  102 

Washington  Ave.  N. 

DRY  GOODS. 

Goods and Carpets.  See ad. 

SIMONS  DRY  GOODS  COMPANY.  — Dry 
DONSEREAUX'S  D E P A R T M E NT  STORE 
THE  J E W E TT  &  K N A PP  STORE.  Dry 

is  the  place  to  trade.  You  can  get  a  warm 

Goods.  222-224  Washington  Ave.  S. 

lunch  in  our  cafe  for  10c.  See ad. 

ELECTRICAL 

SUPPLIES. 

CAPITOL  ELECTRIC  CO.  Electrical Supplies. 

321 Wash.  Ave.,  S. 

A D.  HAGADORN,  M.  D.—Office  hours,  11  to 

12 A. M.,  2 to 4  and  7 to 8 P. M.  Office  at  212 

Washington  Avenue S.;  home 419 Seymour  St. 

12 A. M.,  2 to  4  and 7 to  8  P.  M.  Office  at  213 
Washington Avenue S.;  home 219 Capitol Ave. 

J  W.  HAGADORN,  M. D.—Office  hours,  11  to 
P A.  T Y L ER  M.  D.  Physician  and  Surgeon. 

Calls  attended  night  or  day.  Office  121  Wash 

ington  Ave. N.  New  Phone  No.  160. 

PLUMBERS. 

SHIELDS  &  L E A D L E Y.  Plumbing and  Heat 

ing.  300  Wash.  Ave.  N.,  Lansing.  Both 

Phones. 

SPORTING  GOODS. 

J 

H.  L A R R A B E E.  Base  Ball  Goods,  Foot 
Ball  Goods,  Tennis,  Golf,  Guns,  Ammunition* 
and  Fishing  Tackle.  325 Wash.  Ave.  S.