«n» 9IL a ©. 5i ecor a. VOLUME I. LANSING, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 1896. NUMBER 29 DEPARTMENT OF DRAWING. PROF. W. S. HOLDSWORTH. WOMEN'S COURSE. D R A W I NG AND PAINTING. T he w ork in this course is not given with a view to teaching "accomplishments" or having t he student Some knowledge of learn to m a ke "pretty things." a rt is indispensable if one would a t t a in a symmetrical development. So we t a ke up seriously these studies in order t h at we may get practice in drawing, some knowledge of the elements of a rt in its theory, practice a nd history, and its application to m a t t e rs of every day life. No one thing broadens a person more a nd leads to a keener appreciation of t he beauti ful in n a t u r e. refines and The work is introduced early in the course because it is found that, a p a rt from the use made of drawing in laboratory subjects such as botany a nd entomology, it is a most excellent means of developing and sharp ening t he faculty of observation. The training of the eye a n d j i a nd to act in unison is very desirable. FREEHAND DRAWING. Freshman Year.—The first of the work m ay be de- described briefly as free-hand perspective or model drawing. Tins will be t he principles of drawing as found by the study of certain type forms, geometric solids, such as cubes, prisms, pyramids, cylinders, spheres, etc. The instruction will be given in a series of lectures t he student will be ex amply illustrated, of which pected to t a ke notes, illustrated by d r a w i n gs as direct ed. instruction, as numerous carefully studied d r a w i n gs from the model will be required. Practice will accompany the ( h e at stress will be placed uj>oii good outline draw in is found most useful ing, as this kind of work laboratory practice. to work Systematic study in light and shade will be taken geometric up. and in addition from models some simple casts of plant forms, n a t u r al and conventional. T o w a rd the close of the term the work will be chief t he conservatory a nd time will be- given to d r a w i ng from the ly from plants obtained from fields, a nd from still life. Sojihomore Year.—A certain n u m b er of hours will be devoted to d r a w i ng during each term of this year. Tlie work will be in a d v a n ce of t h at of t he F r e s h m an year, and will consist generally of study in charcoal, or other black and white mediums, from the cast, blocked hands, feet and heads, and then to the round. i to up lead designed chiefly drawing. t a ke one or two hours per week with the class in t he winter a nd spring terms. work in d r a w i ng and painting.) figure Students in this work will be expected to sketch (See elective serious to By a r r a n g e m e nt with t he instructor t he work m ay t a ke some special direction according to the t a s te and ability of the student, such as painting from the cast, still life, or drawing in pen a nd ink. If it seems desirable some time during t he last t e rm will be devoted to normal instruction for t he benefit of those wishing to use d r a w i ng in t he class room. THE GRAPHIC ARTS. Junior Year:—In these d a ys when illustrations in all sorts of periodicals a re so numerous, some good a nd some bad, and illustrative pictorial work has be come a p a rt of every-day life, every one should know something of the methods employed in making the original pictures, and the processes by m e a ns of which they a re reproduced. T he n a t u re of t he proposed work is suggested, by the following outline: A series of illustrated talks on the graphic a r t s, tak ing up some of t he n u m e r o us mediums employed, as charcoal drawing, painting in black and white, both oil and w a t er color, lead pencil, crayon, pen and ink, drawing in red chalk a nd other less common mediums, d r a w i ng on process paper for photo-engraving. Reproductive processes in the a r t s; methods of re producing pictorial m a t t er in black a nd white and in colors. Only a few of these will be considered, such as litho graphing in black and white a nd in colors (chromo- lithography), eligravng on engraving, etching, steel engraving, all kinds of "process" engrav ing, such as half-tone, zinc etching, photo-gravure, chalk plate engraving (for rapid newspaper work.) Material for illustration will be collected a nd stone, wood the study made interesting and practical. HISTORY OF ART. in The work this will be carried on partly by lectures a nd partly from text book, supplemented by a course of reading suggested by the instructor. One essay on a topic assigned will be required of each s t u d e nt a nd will count for equivalent work in Eng lish. - T he subject will be considered under heads of architecture, sculpture a nd painting. the three It is proposed as rapidly as time a nd m e a ns will al low to collect material to use in illustration, such as photographs of buildings, sculpture a nd paintings for p e r m a n e nt exhibition, while the steriopticon will be used on occasion. Of course, t a l ks on American a rt a nd artists will form a feature of the work. ^ ^| T he consideration of illustrators, among whom Americans a re foremost, will come in t he course in graphic a r t s. ELECTIVE WORK IN DRAWING AND PAINTING. T he conservatories a nd botanic gardens afford very good facilities for flower studies, and there a re capital sketching grounds easily accessible. T he opportunities for decorative work, both theo retical a nd practical, a re excellent. Personal work in d r a w i ng a nd paintng, in the studio as Avell as out doors, will be given as occasion m ay require, j SKETCH CLASS. It is to form proposed class of all s t u d e n ts properly qualified who m ay care for this kind of work. Models will be secured, or the members of the class pose in t u r n, and the sketching m ay be done in any medium. sketch a Any work for which credits a re expected m u st be done u n d er the direction of the head of t he depart ment. DRAWING IN AGRICULTURAL The F r e s h m en devote one term of 10 hours per week to free-hand drawing, the work being t he same as t h at It is hoped t h at some outlined in the women's course. opportunities for elective work of a more advanced kind Avill be afforded. COURSE. T he w o rk is caried on in a fairly well lighted and appointed studio. It is hoped at an early date to put an elevator in>o College H a ll a nd use t he entire upper floor of t h at building for studio and lecture room. This will give a room, now used as a hall way, for the exhibition of photographs of pictures a nd sculpture a nd s t u d e n t s' work. DRAWING IN THE COLLEGE OF MECHANICAL ENGI NEERING. D r a w i ng forms a prominent feature of the whole course; a nd the work during the first four t e r ms is re carried on in t he d r a w i ng department, mainder of the course in the d e p a r t m e nt of machine design. the for Fall Term.—Use FRESHMAN YEAR. a nd care of instruments, geomet rical a nd projection drawing, conventional methods of representing parts, such as screw t h r e a d s, bolts a nd nuts. etc. Especial attention is given to m a k i ng the work practical, it being conceived t h at plain, strong drawings, easily read a nd reliable as to dimensions a nd descriptions, a re w h at a re desired in office and shop. Some attention is given to plain lettering, but o r n a m e n t al work is- prohibited. The term is general ly closed w i th a d r a w i ng from some simple tool or machine. Wtitter Term.—Free-hand drawing. This is in reality Q T HE M. A. C. E E C O K D. AUGUST 4, 1896. sketching. Preliminary work machine given in d r a w i ng from geojoaetfic models, with a few hints on free-hand perspective. Then follow sketches of conventional representations of bolts and nnts, valves, etc, is A Simple machine is then placed before the class, the the sketched and dimensioned by the work, partly from the black student repeating board d r a w i n gs and partly from the machine. The work is closed by sketches from simple machines or parts, working- drawings made from these, completing with tracing and blue print. instructor, Sprinp Term.—Elementary Descriptive Geometry; treated as a laboratory subject, using some good text hook for (lie basis of work, supplementing it with numerous black-board drawings, stereoscopic views, and models. SOPHOMORE YEAK. WiM Term,.—Descriptive Geometry Continued. The text books on subject. The work work is carried on as in the previous term. This t a k es up Ihe more advanced work as set forth in any of the accepted is the closed by a series of carefully executed d r a w i n gs of im portant problems, including the practical application of descriptive geometry, and a model illustrating some The one of d r a u g h t i ng rooms in the mechanical laboratory a re fairly well lighted and equipped, each student being provided with a locker for storing material and instru ments. is constructed by the student. these AT THE COLLEGE. Hon. P. J. .Monroe spent F r i d ay and S a t u r d ay at the College. The Rev. David Howells conducted the services at the College Sunday afternoon. Sheriff Peek, of J a c k s on county, a na his t wo sous, spent a day at the College last week. ' II. W. Mumford, Instructor in Agriculture, is spend ing a couple of weeks at his home in Moscow. Miss Florence Greening, and her frienu, Miss Smith, of Toledo, O., a re visiting t he former's sister, Mrs. A. L. Westcott. T wo teachers from Berlin, Mich., spent a portion of Tuesday loking through our laboratories: They were Myra and Mary Woodman. Prof: Lutz and family, of Albion, were guests of Dr. E d w a r d s, F r i d ay afternoon. Yesterday they looked over t he grounds more fully. C. J. F o r e m a n, who has been Assistant Librarian since his graduation in '1)4, has resigned to accept the principalship of the Centerville school. Mesdames A. L. Westcott and I'. M. Chamberlain gave a reception to the ladies of t he campus Saturday afternoon in lienor of Misses Greening and Smith of Toledo. L. W. Spaulding, '90 m, spent several days at M. A. C. last week. He will return in a few days to spend several weeks in preparation for t he civil service ex amination, i At the a n n u al meeting of the Students' Organization last Friday, it w as voted t h at last year's officers be continued for the present. T h e re is a plan on foot to merge the Organization into an athletic association. Prof. Wood worth w as elected foot ball manager, and S. J. Kedfern, assistant. E. E. Faville, '!).':>, Iowa Agricultural College, director of the Nova Scotia school of horticulture, is spending a few d a ys at M. A. O, and may remain for several weeks of post g r a d u a te work. At the Union meeting of Societies last F r i d ay evening he paid our students a splendid compliment for their good order. John Bowditch. Jr., Hillsdale; Clio J. Phillips, Acorn, the former a brother, the latter a cousin of B. A. Bow- ditch, '1)0, returned home T h u r s d ay on their wheels, after spending several days at t he College. They think the better class of farmers generally recognize that the College is well equipped and is doing a great work, while a considerable n u m b er of those AVUO read but little find fault with M. A. C, and in fact with most everything in general. To m a ke it possible to find hours in the day for the classes tins term, the Agricultural sophomores work on the farm on T u e s d a ys and T h u r s d a ys in the fore noon instead of the afternoon, as has usually been the custom. This is a little foretaste of w h at will appear If these1 students could in the program next year. a p p e ar regularly five days in the wTeek. instead of two days only, t he present scheme would suit better. Gilbert H. Hicks. '!)2, first a s s i s t a nt to the Botanist in t he D e p a r t m e nt of Agriculture at Washington, with his wife, a re calling on friends, with the view of engaging q u a r t e rs for their son, Gilbert, Jr., who they expect m ay be able to enter on a course at M. A. (1 about 11)13. Mr. Hicks leaves today for a trip to prom inent seed growing farms in northern and eastern Michigan, after which he will-visit m a ny of the seed farms in New York, Massachusetts,' Connecticut and Now Jersey. T he Veterinary Laboratory, including the rooms in which investigations of bacteria are made, is a very interesting place, especially to one who is engaged in raising any kind of domestic animal, or the person en gaged in dairying, in fact to a ny one who p a r t a k es of Ihe products of t he dairy. T he model of a cow's udder, which may l>e taken a p a rt to show the arteries, veins, lymphatics, etc., is alone an object worthy of long study, to say nothing about the model of a horse, Which may be examined in a. similar manner. V. N. Clark, '«!), Milford, Mich., w ho visited old friend's here last, week, has for a few years past been engaged in the raising of poultry, an occupation which he has believed in for a long time. He takes half a dozen poultry journals, and m a k es a study of the sub ject in every way possible,and in mis way gets greater enjoyment and profit from the business. He is try ing the use of machinery, and believes that in time it will be possible for one person to look after nearly twice as many fowls as he can at present: His main object in visiting the College at this time was to look over the poultry. A tennis t o u r n a m e nt has been a r r a n g ed take place tins week and next. Prizes have been offered by Lansing business men, for which the patronage of our students. The s a me may be said of our own bookdealors. Elliott & Slocum. The prizes are as follows: they deserve to Doubles: First prize, to each winner, a Slocum, Jr., raquet: given by Lansing Book & Paper Co., and Elli ott & Slocum. Second prize, to each Winner, a pair of whife-duck pants and belt to match; given by C. F. Davis. Singles: f i r st prize, to the winner, a Delmar raquet; given by J. II. Larabee. Second prize, to the winner, a pair of white-duck p a n t s; given by Elgin Mifflin. as Prof. Eugene Davenport, '78, Dean of the Agricul tural Department in the Illinois Fniversity, arrived at the College' last T h u r s d ay morning and remained several days. F r i d ay morning lie favored us with a short talk in chapel t h at was highly appreciated by those present. The thought he presented was t h at no where are there so many earnest, able men attempting to solve one problem as there are at M. A. C. There a re certainly nownere so m a ny striving to solve the problem of agricultural education here. This struggle is a cliiubing-up, accompanied by mistakes, to be sure, mistakes on the part of the faculty and the board of control, but notwithstanding, a steady pro gress. This institution is the pioneer in the work in Avhich it is engaged and must make mistakes if it is active. It might avoid mistakes by doing nothing, but this is not its policy. Now, you who are here, does anyone else. know its weakness better W h at should yon do—-peddle it about the state? No, It is lor yon to keep t h at will not help m a t t e rs any. these little things to ourselves. It is for you to stand up for this institution at all times and in all places. "Von a re soon to have with you the other and bet I will ter half of creation and I congraulate you. leave you, then, with this one thought, s t a nd loyal everywhere and at all times for the institution you have chosen for your alma mater." than THE IMPROVEMENT OF MARKETS. PROF. WILBUR (). HEDKICK. The t r u th is palpable that increased profits must come to the farmer through securing better m a r k e ts for his products, or through cheapening the processes of producing his crops. The whole tendency of agri the cultural development thus far has been t o w a rd latter end. Improvements in farm machinery, in ag ricultural methods and the application of science to agriculture, have had the one aim to cheapen the meth ods of wresting wealth from the soil. The production of wealth, however, is directly influenced by wealth consumption. Both in quantity and quality farm pro In ducts are produced as consumers demand them. the words of Secretary Morton: the is " D e m a nd creator of value legitimately exchangeable tilings. The relation of supply of wheat to the de mand for wheat determines the value of wheat. And w h at is true of that cereal is likewise true of all pro ducts and commodities." two most a r e: of extending T he m a r k e ts a p p a r e nt ways improving in all First, num the by of for farm customers ber products—accom plished usually by developing foreign m a r k e t s. Sec ond, by educating present customers to a higher r a n ge of desires—in other words cultivating t he tastes of home consumers. T he improvement of m a r k e ts in this country has been nearly always, t h us far, of the first sort, and renewed efforts are now being m a de to com mend our products abroad. T he world of n e w s p a p er readers w as almost a m u s ed in the winter of 1891 at the efforts of a Col. Murphy, representing our De p a r t m e nt of Agriculture, to introduce the American life corn parties held in corn to foreign consumers. Paris, Berlin a nd other E u r o p e an centers g a ve to taste and sight all the varied products afforded by our "King of crops" and quite substantially enlarged the n u m b er of its consumers. Very coinmeudably, also, the same d e p a r t m e nt within recent years has asked from our leading consuls a b r o ad reports upon the mar ket for American agricultural products in the vicinity of their station, and a n u m b er of valuable bulletins In embodying these reports t h us pushing their products into foreign m a r k e t s, farm ers a re doing simply w h at wealth producers of a sim ilar character—manufacturers—have done for years. The second method is probably more practicable however, and will give more p e r m a n e nt results. The a t t e m pt here is to improve the demand for commodi ties. If a demand is cultivated for a high g r a de of products, it lias j u st the same need of satisfaction as a demand for lower and cheaper grades of goods. In developing tastes for n ew things t h at a re raised; in educating tastes to demand better qualities in tilings already produced, -the farmer lias an opportunity well Worthy consideration of improving his market. have been published. This belief that a high grade of goods can be called out by a high grade d e m a nd is receiving justly more and more attention. The Consumers' League of some it. Their organization of our large cities exemplify •binds its members to pay fair prices for clothing, es pecially, that encouragement m ay be given to first- class products of this sort. F u r t h e r m o r e, no desires that clamor for satisfaction with h u m an beings are so persistent, so powerful, as those which a re acquired or cultivated. It is the cultivated love of country t h at make men patriots, or of religious ideals t h at m a ke them m a r t y r s. T he farmer may lie assured, there fore- t h at any furtherence given to a high d e m a nd will be permanent, and will grow r a t h er t h an decline. The w ay these endeavors may be promoted is al ready indicated by various organizations. In the like in dustry of manufacturing, boards of t r a de a nd mer chants and m a n u f a c t u r e r s' clubs, develop m a r k e ts at home and abroad. Already the fruit growers, like wise, have a national organization for the improve ment of m a r k e ts and the regulation thereof, while fre quent local a t t e m p ts by fuit growers have been well re warded. More t h an in the past, the future seems to offer r e w a rd t he for such endeavors. T he enlightened policy of federal government in m a k i ng its dietary investiga tions, the agitations in m a ny states for pure butter, cheese and food laws to g u a r a n t ee the farmer in his choice products, will certainly benefit him by promot ing better m a r k e t s. Add to this tendency of farmers to abandon the exclusive growing of staples and to become specialists, and it would seem inevit able t h at organizations for the bettering of m a r k e ts should come about. t he Department of History and Political Economy. V. V. NEWELL LEAVES FOR A NEW POSITION. V. V. Newell left F r i d ay afternoon for his home at Concord, Mich. F r om there he goes to Brooklyn, N. Y., where he has accepted a position with the Worth- ington P u mp Company. W i th the d e p a r t u re of Mr. Newell, t he Mechanical D e p a r t m e nt loses an efficient instructor, and the College p a r ts with an officer t h an whom none can be more faithful in every duty. Mr. Newell entered the machine shops as foreman a few weeks before receiving his diploma in '94, and he h as been steadily at his post since t h at time. T he vigor and earnestness t h at m a r k ed the beginning of his work have continued to'be special characteristics dur ing the two years. On visiting the shops d u r i ng w o rk hours, one could not fail to be impressed with me cheerful enthusiasm which t he s t u d e n ts caught from their foreman and applied to w h a t e v er work lay m hand. They learned to appreciate the tenacity with which he clung to the theory t h at the shop is a place to acquire a practical knowledge' of machine and bench work. E v e ry stroke of the h a m m er a nd every application of the callipers left lesson with the growing mechanic. No s t u d e nt w as seen loiter ing, and none were to be found at w h at should be paid drudgery. its valuable AUGUST 4, 1896. T HE M. A. C. K E C O R f i. These two years of studious activity have wrought a commendable change in the shops. Old work that had accumulated for years has been completed and dilapi dated machinery has been skillfully repaired. As a result he is able to turn the shops over to his successor in first class condition. Mr. Newell's associates at the College will long re member him as a fearless champion of what he be lieved to be right. When he stood firm as a rock and protested against the wanton destruction of property while the unthinking, unkind mob surged about him plying epithets and indignities, student honor seemed a myth. And when as chief prosecutor in the student court he called witness after witness and succeeded only in demonstrating that some memories are disci plined like faithful slaves to come and go at the will of their masters, the knell of The Students' Govern ment was sounded. His studious habits and broad experiences have given him a wealth of information, which, with his genial disposition, has made him an associate whose society will be missed by those who have known him. It is a pleasure to pay a parting tribute to such a friend. We who have had the privilege of his ac quaintance, join in wishing him that full measure of suc cess that we are amply assured he has the ability and C. C. P. qualities to make his own. REPORT OF A TEST. C. E. MEYERS, '96m. On June 20 a test was made on the boiler and engine at the Portland flour mill, for the purpose of finding the cost of manufacturing a barrel of flour, and also to make an efficiency test of the boiler for comparison with other boilers. The engine is a tandem compound condensing en gine, built by the Lansing Iron and Engine Works. The bed was originally a bed for the low pressure cylinder of a cross compound engine. The engine is automatically governed, and the valves, which are of the ordinary I) type, are both operated by the same valve rod. The condenser is a Conover jet condenser, and re the city water from ceives its condensing water mains. caught and weighed to allow of a very close approxi mation of the amount lost. The leakage from the pump was also caught and weighed. At the end of the test everything was brought to the same condition as at the start, and the test was ended at 4:47. The results obtained are found in the following. The amount of flour made was determined by the millers: BOILER TRIAL. Type of boiler, Root Water Tube. Duration of trial, 9 hours. Heating surface, 1,470 sq. ft. Ratio of heating surface to grate surface,l: .0245. Ayerage steam pressure in boiler, by gauge, 109.8 pounds. Average absolute steam pressure in boiler, 124.08 pounds. Average atmospheric pressure, 14.28 pounds. Average force of draught in inches of water, .625", Average temperature of external air, 79.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Average temperature of boiler room, 88.5 degrees Fahrenheit. Average Fahrenheit. temperature of steam, 343.57 degrees Average temperature of escaping gases 519 degrees, Fahrenheit. Average temperature of feed water, 145.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Total amount of coal consumed, 4,250 pounds. Moisture in coal, 106.25 pounds. Dry coal consumed, 4,143.75 pounds. Total refuse, 355 pounds. Total combustible, 3.788.75 pounds. Dry coal consumed per hour, 460.42 pounds. Combustible consumed per hour, 420.96 pounds. Moisture in steam, 2.7$. Total weight of water pumped into boiler and ap parently evaporated, 27,89(5 pounds. . Water evaporated, corrected for quality of steam, 27,142.8 pounds. ' Equivalent water evaporated into dry steam from and at 212 degrees Fahrenheit, 30,138.9 pounds. Equivalent total heat derived from fuel, 29,133,452.95 Equivalent water evaporated into dry steam from and at 212 degrees Fahrenheit, per hour, 3,348.77 pounds. A Frost steam pump takes its water from the con denser and delivers it through a system of piping in a disused water heater, to the boiler. Water actually evaporated per pound of dry eoai from actual pressure of steam and temperature of feed water, 6.55 pounds. The boiler is of the water tube type, built by Aben- Equivalent water evaporated per pound of dry coal droth & Root, and was installed in 1893. The steam pipes are covered with several layers of common brown paper, affordng but little protection from radiation. The calorimeter used during the test was a Peabody throttling calorimeter. The samples of steam were taken from the vertical steampipe leading to the en gine, just above the valve. The reducing motion for the engine consisted of a lever pivoted to the cross-head and sliding up and down in a tube which is pivoted above the pin in cross-head when the latter is in mid-position. The cord running to the Tabor indicators was attached to the tube by means of a sliding nut, with which one could, vary the length of cord. The following gives the general dimensions of the engine: Diameter of high pressure cylinder, 12 in. Diameter of low pressure cylinder, 21 in. Length of stroke, 20 in. Diameter of piston rod, high pressure, 21/i in. Diameter of piston rod, low pressure, 2% in. Area of piston, high pressure, 113.09 sq. in. Area of piston, low pressure, 346.30 sq. in. Revolutions per minute, 146 to 150. METHOD OF CONDUCTING THE TEST. In the morning after steam was brought to the required pressure, and the boiler full of water, the fires were burned low, and at 7:47 the fires were ob served and the test started. The fires were kept thin all day, thereby insuring good combustion. For use during the test a Marsh steam pump was loaned me by the Battle Creek Steam pump Co. This was so placed that it took its water from the conden ser and delivered it to the weighing tanks. The Frost pump was piped to take the water from the tank and deliver it to the boiler. Thus the test was carried on under very nearly actual woi'king conditions, the only difference being in the water for the boiler, from the tank instead of the condenser. the manner of obtaining About 11 o'clock the packing blew out of the check valve on the pipe leading to the boiler, and allowed considerable water to leak out, but enough of this was from and at 212 degrees Fahrenheit, 7.27 pounds. Equivalent water evaporated per pound of combus tible from and at 2l2 degrees Fahrenheit, 7.55 pounds Dry coal actually burned, per square foot of grate surface per hour, 12.8 pounds. Horse power developed on a basis of 30 pounds of water per hour evaporated from a temperature of 100 degrees Fahrenheit into steam at 70 pounds gauge pressure, 97. Horse power, manufacturer's rating, 116. Mechanical Department. AUTUMN'S LITTLE PAINTERS. W R I T T EN FOR T HE F R E S H M AN CLASS IN RHETORIC BY D. E. HO AG, "99 m. All Fairyland was turned into a vast paint factory. Here, there, and everywhere, were fairies seated on the ground, each with her mortar and pestle, mixing and grinding paints. Had you asked why this sudden great demand for paint, you would have been told that the good fairy Summer and her troop of helpers were just finishing their work, and that Autumn must be ready to take her place and carry on the work of the year. Autumn always had to have large quantities of paints of every tint and shade imaginable, so the fairies were working away as hard as they could to get the coloi*s ready in time. Some were grinding in their mortar, some were bringing the colors to make up the right tints, and others were carrying the pre pared colors to new bins, where they wex-e to be kept until wanted. These bins bore curious names. One was "Peach Yellow," another "Grape Purple," an other "Oak-leaf Red." and still another "Frosted- Maple-leaf Gold." The fairies finished mixing paints that day, and the next day the brushes and pots were brought out and cleaned, ready for use as soon as Summer and her helpers should leave the earth. The first day of Autumn's reign dawned bright and clear, and as she called her troop of fairies around her they sang and danced for joy because it was now their turn to go to work. "Now, my dears," said Aut umn;' "you know why I have called you together; it is time for us to go out and paint the fuits and flow ers, and color the leaves and grasses, and so make the old world beautiful. We have a great deal of work to do, so hasten to get your paints and brushes, and let us away, for Summer has just left the earth." Then the fairies ran to get their bundles of brushes and pots of paint and followed their mistress, the good fairy Autumn, to the earth, where they set to work immediately. Some alighted oh" the grape-vines and began paint ing the grapes a deep purple. Others, with pots of pink and red and yellow flew to the peach-trees, and began tinting the cheeks of the peaches nntil some blushed like Summer's roses and others were a deli cious, golden yellow. Others, and among them those who were most skillful in spotting and striping, flew to the apple trees. Soon the children who were playing under the trees looked Up a nd cried out joy f ully7"Oh see! Apples are getting ripe! Apples are getting ripe! Hurrah!" This pleased the fairies very much, and they worked away harder than ever, coloring, spot ting, and striping the apples, for they liked to please little children. The days slipped by like the links of a golden chain, and the fairies painted away as hard as they could, making the old world very beautiful. The grapes hung in deep purple clusters, the peaches were all red and yellow, and the apples glowed and burned among the leaves like eoalsof fire. The oaks were gay in every shade of scarlet and brown, and the maples looked, in their new dress, like tall yellow flames. Just "How beautiful the world is!" exclaimed the fairies, one day. as they were leaving Fairyland with fresh' supplies of paint. then they saw a strange sight. An old man. with long gray hair and beard, had .come to the earth, and was driving their beau tiful mistress before' him wherever he went, and blowing upon her his icy breath, which made her shrink and shiver pitifully. At length she came back to Fairyland, and with tears in her eyes said, "Put away your paints and brushes my dears; you will need them no more, for winter has come, and we can not paint any more apples and grapes and leaves for the dear little children." The fairies all wept at this, but Old Father Time heard them and asked what it was all about, and when they told him he said, ""Well. well, dry your tears, little ones, for next year you shall have another chance to make the children hap py." This comforted the fairies, so they dried then- tears and ran away to find something else to busy their little hands with. UNION MEETING OF SOCIETIES. Last Friday evening the thirteonui annual meeting of societies and fraternities was held in the College chapel. The large audience filled not only the chapel but the hall and stairway; and the well executed pro gram was a credit to those participating. S. R. Young, of the Union Literary Society, presided. The following program was presented: Music, The German Patrol, Union Literary Instrumental Quar tette, followed by an encore. Reading. Beyond the Alps Lies Italy, W. J. Judson. Delta Tau Delta Frater nity. Oration, The Money Question in the U. S., W. G. Amos, Phi Delta Theta Fraternity. Piano duet, Son net, Feronian Society. Story, The Priest's First Con fessor, A. M. Patriarche, Olympic Society. Poem, The College Bell, J. D. McLouth. Hesperian Society. Music. Moonlight. Will Come Again, Union Literary Vocal Quartette. College Paper. The Prevaricator, T. A. Chittenden, Columbian Literary Society. Ser mon, Miss M. E. Green, Feronian Society. Music. Guitar duet, Union Litei-ary Society. The last number was also followed by an encore. After the meeting the various societies enjoyed an hour or two of dancing in their respective assembly rooms. of the salt you put In butter is a small matter; the effect poor salt has upon the quality of the butter is a big matter. The butter salt question will be settled for all time, for you, after you've once tried "The Salt that's all Salt"— DIAMOND CRYSTAL SALT. The purest salt, and finest in quality and flavor. At all dealers In barrels (2801bs.) and bags (56 lbs., 281bs. andl41bs). DIAMOND CRYSTAL SALT CO., St. Clair, Mich. 4 T HE M. A. C. R E C O R D. AUGUST 4, 1896. The M. A. C. Reeord. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE E D I T ED BY T HE F A C U L T Y, ASSISTED BY THE STDDENTS. ADDRESS ALL MAIL TO LOCK BOX 262, LANSING, MICH. S U B S C R I P T I O N, 50 CENTS P ER Y E A R. Business Office with ROBEBT SMITH PRINTING Co., Printers and Binders, 108-120 Michigan Ave. West, Lansing, Mich. little purpose, make a failure of life simply because they never learned how to study. * * * DON'T throw your envelopes or wrappers torn from papers about the steps of buildings, or along the paths or on the sidewalks or about the lawn, because people who are neat and orderly will see that you are not to be included in that class. Is it pessimistic to wish that every bit of waste paper, orange peel, apple cores, grape skins and other bits of rubbish likewise con tained the name of the person carelessly dropping the same? Neat habits have helped many a person to se cure desirable positions, while slovenliness has helped to lose many. Entered as second-class matter at Lansing, Mich. For various reasons T HE M. A. C. R E C O RD is occasionally sent to those who have not subscribed for the paper. Such persons need have no hesitation about t a k i ng the paper from the post- office, for no charge will be m a de for it. The only way, how ever, to secure t he RECORD regularly is to subscribe. YOUNG persons enter College for several reasons. A few tints decide because they have little else to do; because their parents or some respected friends took such a course; because it is believed to be genteel; be cause by so doing they can have a good time. Let us take it for granted that all who enter M. A. C. take this step with the viewr of bettering their condition. They believe a thorough course of study will help co command better wages and will enable them much sooner to win success in their chosen occupation— that it will be a passport to good society and assist them to become leaders in church, in politics, and in business affairs. They believe it will give them men tal power and be a source of satisfaction throughout life. All of these objects are worthy of the best efforts of a young man or woman. The beginner, first of all, has very likely never learned how to apply himself diligently to study. He should understand that it is of the very first importance to learn to train his mind to such a degree that he can command it at any time. This discipline of mind is worth more than any amount of knowledge on any subject, because it enables a person to acquire knowl edge easily and rapidly. The blacksmith learns to hit the horseshoe nail with his little hammer by persistently making the effort. If the mind of a freshman often turns to other things, he must as often bring it back to the lesson in hand. He will divide each of the 60 minutes of the 24 hours of every day of the week for a whole term at a time, In setting aside a reasonable period for each task. this way he will soon be surprised to see how much time he has at his disposal. He cannot always work to a schedule, but the nearer he can come to it the bet ter will be his progress. He will resolutely close his door or turn his back to a friend, when duty calls him to study. He will make the attempt to perform to the best of his ability every task assigned him. If there is music, laughter, or boisterous conduct in the hail or adjacent room, it makes little difference, he is found at his desk. If visitors call, he will invite them to at tend his classes instead of asking for an excuse and losing the lessons for a day, knowing that to lose a lesson unfits a person for the duties of a week. He will have some fixed places in which to get lessons, in his room, in the library, or at the table in the labora tory, and not make the attempt to study while sitting under a tree, in the room of a friend or next the open window. If he is suddenly overtaken with a strong desire to "wake up somebody," or if he is "spoiling for a muss." the temptation is unheeded till the proper time during hours for recreation. A few persofis not unfrequently manage to, pass enough studies to be listed with juniors, possibly by a generous estimate with the seniors, and yet never fully realize what is meant by close application to study. They visit students' rooms, gossip, read un profitable books or papers, entice others to engage in boyish pranks, in fact, they contrive in all sorts of ways to delay the time for beginning to learn a lesson. They don't feel first rate; they go to town, visit at home during the term, and contrive to miss some les sons during the term and are sure to rank low. Be coming unsuccessful and discouraged, they are a men ace to good order, liable IxTgB^into trouble and sooner or later have a sudden call tojpaek up and leave "all that is dear at M. A. C." Every teacher knows these persons, their classmates know them. They are deceiving themselves and some of their friends at home by attempting to be students when they are not entitled to rank as such. They waste their time, spend the money of their parents to THE HEALTH AT THE COLLEGE. Health is a condition of first importance. Life itself is a poor boon in its absence. The sanitary condition of the College is a matter of interest not only to those Who are here, but to those who contemplate a tem porary home at this beautiful place. Whatever may have been the unsanitary conditions here some years ago, they have been entirely removed and the health at the College is now excellent. It may not be out of place to mention some of the improvements in our sanitation. The drainage, both surface and subterranean, is now so complete, that malarial troubles have ceased. The supply of water for domestic and potable use is no longer drawn from surface wells, but every hall, laboratory and dwelling at the College is supplied with pure water from an ar tesian well 343 feet deep, and more than 200 feet of this drilled through sandstone rock, so that surface contamination and pollution of every kind are prac tically impossible. This "water out of the smitten rock" brings health and refreshment to every person en the College campus. Chemical analysis, repeated over and over and year after year, shows it to be of excellent quality. The absence of zymotic diseases is good evidence of its potable quality. The introduction of water closets into the dormi tories, halls, and laboatories of the College has re moved what was once a just ground of criticism. We have a small, but well arranged hospital, free fot all students who may be seriously sick at the College, but only one patient has occupied it since it was erect ed, and his sickness (pleurisy) was the result of gross carelessness and exposure such as would cause sick ness in any locality. Of the resident students, this young man was the only case of severe sickness dur ing the year. The resident graduate, whose death is noticed in this issue of THE RECORD, did not live on the College grounds. Not the least of the sanitary improvements at the College are the miles of stone walks that connect all the College halls and laboratories. Not only are the students free from the mud, but they are protected from that prolific source of disease, wet feet. No im provement at the College in recent years has contribu ted so much to the comfort and health of our commu nity. In brief, we may congratulate ourselves and the families whose sons and daughters are students here, upon the exceptional good health of the College com munity. DEATH OF GEORGE E. HANC0RNE. It was with considerable surprise and deepest sor row that on Wednesday morning we learned of the death of Mr. Hancorne. After the operation on Sun day, he was at all times cheerful and hopeful, and those who watched with him were not aware that life was slowly slipping away. When his wife ar rived Tuesday evening he said he was getting along "first rate," and during most of that night he rested well. Toward morning, however, he sank rapidly, and with the coming of the morning he was ushered into the eternal light of Heavenly day. College work was suspended at noon Thursday, and at one o'clock brief funeral services were held in the chapel. After music, and prayer by Rev. Fayette Thompson, Dr. Kedzie spoke feelingly of his former pupil in the following words: 'The friends of the deceased have thought it a fit and proper thing that one of his old teachers should s.ay a few words about his student life. While he was a good student in chemistry, yet it was to other fields of science—what I may call the laboratory of all-out- floors, embracing field and forest, and roofed in by the s