8L 311 a ©. 9i ecor A VOLUME I. LANSING, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1896. NUMBER 32 ment w as made to t he G e r m an Agricultural Society that, certain highly interesting experiments carried out by Professor Nobbe, of Saxony, had culminated in the production, on a commercial scale, of cultures of bacteria, for use in agriculture; a nd t h at a r r a n g e ments had been made with one of t he largest chemical manufactories in Germany to supply these cultures to auy who might desire to use them. To these cul tures t he title nitrogen h as been given." "It h as been found that the organisms suitable for affecting tin1 fixation of nitrogen for certain plants are not able to act in the same capacity for other plants, "Professor Nobbe h as prepared a large number of pure cultivations suited for the commoner leguminous crops grown. This preparation can be used to inocu late the seed before it is sown, or a w a t e ry solution of tine sand, or e a r th can be spread over the held a nd worked into the soil to a depth of about three inches."" For t w e n ty years the writer lias experimented more or less on blue a nd white lupines of Europe a nd 1ms observed tests made by others, but in all cases t he plants were too feeble to be considered of any practi cal value for Michigan'. Five years ago, I began to wonder if the failure in this country w as not due to It would be the lack of proper bacteria in our soil. a neat thing for some one. if not aiready done, to import some suitable bacteria from Europe a nd sow- on land with the seeds of the lupines. In the light of such facts of science a nd m a ny others t h at could be given, w h at intelligent farmer of these times dare say that he h as no need of science, or t h at lie could not make any more money on his farm by having pursued a thorough course of study in lines pertaining to his business '.' Botanical Department. THE HELIOSTAT. The "Ileliostat." the class book of the .Juniors, is before us. Without doubt this publication surpasses anything of the sort thus far attempted by students of the M. A. ('. Both in size and composition it is last unrivalled. the " H a r r o w " — o ur issued, a nd a b u n d a nt material, therefore, w as at hand for the editors of the present book. It. is now seven years since former a n n u al — w as It was the frequent complaint concerning our for mer annuals that tcfo young a class—the Sophomores— In our opinion the prec undertook their publication. edent requires henceforth that this responsibility rest upon the Juniors. is commendable which T he "Heliostat" is generously, almost lavishly illus trated. Such a wealth of sketches, d r a w i n gs and half tones would have been the despair of former editorial boards. Nothing so ambitious could have been at tempted by former boards as the presentation of biographies and likenesses of the entire faculty and the members of the State Board not to mention the history and picture of each el&SS and every society as well as a description of every other organization included within the college. reorganizations of Tin' work of chief literary note in the book is tin1 history of the College by I>r. E d w a r d s; This is the most complete history of the College known to us and its perusal r e w a r ds at once all previous interest in the volume. Vividly and thoroughly the early character of the college is discussed. The theories upon which it w as founded, the early organizations and the character of men who shaped its early course to us. The viscissitudes an> adequately presented of bell the College to us by were hardly Dr. Kedzie, whose years of service are so nearly those of his subject. contemporaneous with In the poetry and College jokes we find much resem blance to similar work in till year-books, hence only refer to them. suspected until unfolded life witnessed by institution, and college the The " Ileliostat" deserves the hearty support of all students and alumni of the College: a more perfect reflection of College life can be secured front it than, probably, from any other source, subsequent publica tions of like n a t u re should be encouraged, and we speak for it w a rm sympathy and cordial support. THE STUDENTS' SEED ROOM. the spacious tahles. Around The illustration on this page shows a glimpse of the old seed room, now devoted largely To the use of stu dents who are engaged in held experiments. To this room the students have aeeess at all times for the purpose of getting seeds for study, putting a w ay seeds they have raised, drying seeds or specimens upon racks made for the purpose, or sorting and clean ing seeds upon the room are a series of pigeon holes or boxes reaching to the ceiling, each box numbered so t h at by means the location of of any kind of seed may be found. One section of these pigeon holes is devoted to seeds belonging to the "curiosity strip," another to corn, another to oats, etc. In a u t u mn this seed room is a busy place, as the products of the year are brought in to be cleaned and put a w ay for future planting, or in some cases to be neatly bunched an labeled for exhibition at some of the fairs. The injunction "Keep things well labeled and in their places." hangs upon the wall. index books hanging convenient PAUL MELLEN CHAMBERLAIN, M. E. At the close of the past College year I'. M, Cham berlain. Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineer resigned and accepted a position as Professor ing, at the Lewis Institute, in Chicago, where he will de- vole his time to work in machinery designing. Prof. Chamberlain was one of the first graduates of the M. A. C. Mechanical course, graduating in 1888; gradua ted from Cornell University in lN'.tO: after graduating from Cornell, up to time of coming to M. A. C. as an instructor, w as associated with the F l i ck Company of Waynesboro. Pa., and the Hercules Iron Works of Aurora. 111. Prof. Chamberlain entered upon his work as an instructor at M. A. C in IS!).1!, taking the position previously held by Prof. Van] )evoort. and was active in t he work of designing and building the foundry and blacksmith shop and remodeling the wood shops; for some time he attended mainly, to the supervision of shop practice, but his marked interest, and ability in designing led to the placing of the machine design work of the mechanical course in hie charge, and in this work he obtained most excellent results. Prof. Chamberlain is particularly well fitted by ex in practice, and perience, both as a teacher and through his education and ability to take charge of the work to which he h as been called. The professor has a deep interest in M. A. C. and its welfare, and in a recent letter to t he writer says: "As I realize that I am to live no more at the beautiful College Campus, among the m a ny good friends, it makes me feel sad. Also the work of the department had gotten in such shape that it w as a great pleasure." Both Prof, and Mrs. Chamberlain will be greatly missed in the daily life of the College, and the associ ates, pupils, and many friends of the professor unite in wishing him an a b u n d a nt measure of success in his new field of labor. C. L. W ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE. DR. W. J. BEAL. In 1870, Dr. M. Miles wrote for the Country Gentle man a brief account of Ensilage as a fodder, giving the results of experiments made in P r a n c e. He says. " A t t he north, where it is desirable to provide some form of green cattle feed for winter use, the system of ensilage is perhaps worth trying. Will the advan tages of green winter feed be sufficient to pay for the labor involved in this method of preserving it?" Some years ago it was discovered that certain bac teria had much to do with the quality of butter. Fur a time no one suspected that keeping green fodder in a silo or introducing certain bacteria the cream were m a t t e rs of any practical importance for people who made their living from the proceeds of ignores their farm. But today, the dairyman who the use of a silo is looked upon with suspicion as a man hardly up to the times while in Denmark they purchase "pure cultures" of bacteria made by ex perts in laboratories and use a fresh supply even- day or two in curing their cream. into For some years past, we have heard and lead a great deal about microbes tubercles of le gumes having the power of tendering free nitrogen available for plant growth.? This fact is interesting, but who ever thought, of making any practical applica- t ion ofi it. ? in the Those interested in this line of thought, we refer to a contribution in The Contemporary Keriew for August, 181XJ. by C M. Aikman. on Xitragen: A New Advance in Agriculture. " It is only a few months ago since an announce 2 T HE M. A. C. K E C O R D. SEPTEMBER 15, 1896. AT THE COLLEGE. Miss Kittie McCurdy is again in College. Mrs. G. V. Triphagen lias again taken charge of Gluh A. F. W. Lewis, formerly with '1)4, has returned to fin ish his course. Instructor Westcott's mother ha* been visiting him during the past week. Mrs. Gunson spent a part of last week visiting friends in Grand Rapids. A. T. Cartland assisted in arranging the college exhibit at the State Fair. Mr. M. W. Fulton visited his home near Detroit the first two weeks of vacation. Prof, and Mrs. Noble returned from their vacation on Traverse Bay, last Saturday. Mr. J. H. Steele, '90, m., has been assisting in the office of the Director during vacation. Mr. J. S. Conway spent a ten days' vacation at De catur and vicinity returning on the 7th inst. During vacation Prof. Holdsworth added several line marines to his collections of watercolors. The public parlors in Williams Hall have l>eeii par titioned so as to make two students' rooms. Misses Florence and Nellie Creening returned their home in Toledo the tirst week of vacation. to Dr. Grange attended the annual mooting of the U. S. Veterinary Medical Association in Buffalo, Sept. 1, 2, and 3. Charles Fisher, a brother of Roy S. Fisher. '95. lias left-handed l ie is reported to be a entered College. base ball twirler. The State Board at its meeting in Grand Rapids last week appointed II. E. Smith, '90, m., instructor in Mechanical Engineering. The next meeting of the Sunday School for the children will be held Sunday, Sept. 20, at the usual hour—quarter to four—in the chapel. The reputation of the butter made at the College dairy is very high in Detroit and the department has consented to supply some Detroit families by the year. L i e ut II. H. Bandholtz, who succeeds Lieut. Lewis, arrived in Lansing with his family, last Friday, and will occupy his suite in the Terrace as soon as he can move in. It was pleasant to see old Volunteer, who was so long identified with the College Shorthorn herd, take second prize at the State F a ir although not in show condition. Professor Wheeler went to Three Rivers on Satur day, the 12th, to investigate tin; poisonous plants in t h at vicinity, which are said to be causing sickness in horses, cattle and human beings. Belle Sarcastic is again outdoing herself, having yielded 13,035 pounds of milk and over 500 pounds of butter since the first of March. The young heifer of Rosa Bonheur 5th has recently calved and gives promise of equaling her mother's record. The meeting of the Y. M. C. A., Thursday evening, Sept. 17. will be in charge of F. N. Lowry. On Sunday evening, Sept. 20, a meeting of special (For time of interest to new students will be held. holding meetings see official directory, page G). Those who camped at Bald Head Part, opposite Saugatuck, report an excellent time. Some members of the party were so taken up with the place t h at they now talk of building cottages there. Bald Head P a rk ought to be a favorite resort for M. A. C. people. We notice by the London, Out., Daily -Free Press t h at Carl Jacobs of the Albion College team is pitch ing for the London league team. Of course playing with this professional team will not debar him from returning and taking part in purely a m a t e ur inter collegiate games next year. The students who were so fortunate as to remain at College during vacation, united in an informal hop in the rooms of the Hesperian Society on Sept. 2. Pros, and Mrs. Snyder and guests, Prof. McDermott, Prof, and Mrs. Vedder, and Mr. and Mrs. Westcott, were present during the early part of the evening. The farm department has purchased a Shropshire ram of the Altamont Stock F a rm at Millbrook. New York, owned by Dr. G. Howard Davison. Also a Southdown ram from George McKerrow of Sussex. Wisconsin. These sheep are at the top as far as both breeding and individual merit are concerned. Messrs Smith, Mumford. True and C. D. Thompson went to Toronto Sept. 1, to visit t he Exposition. Find ing the exhibits but partly placed on their arrival, they took advantage of the excursion to Niagara Falls. They report t he Toronto F a ir a huge success being especially strong in sheep, beef cattle, and dairy products. During vacation the farm department furnished work to a dozen or more students. The large silos Were filled, a ditch was put in from the lot east of the cow-barn to the river, a large share of next win ter's wood supply w as cut, the fence w as finished, and a lot of experimental work and various odd jobs completed. Prof; and Mrs. F r a nk Kedzie spent a delightful va cation in tiie Traverse Bay region. (Jood fishing is one of the attractions, and Prof. Kedzie now has a full stock of fish stories. Says he caught eighteen pickerel one day, the combined weight of which was eighteen pounds. Whopper! He saw two M. A. C. graduates while there, E. O. Ladd, '78, and F. M. Paine, '89. Quite a number of important repairs have been made in the machine shops and boiler house during vacation. The .shafting has been overhauled and re- lined: the engine has been partly and the large planer, two lathes, and one pump completely overhauled; t he dynamo has been repaired; several other machines have been rearranged;, and the tools in t he wood shop have been sharpened and repaired, Complete new brickwork is now being laid around all of the boilers. Hon. Franklin Wells, president of the board of agri culture, met witli a. very serious accident one day dur ing vacation. While driving from his farm his horse became frightened, and Pros. Wells, in attempting to check it, broke the bit and the horse ran a w a y. He jumped from the wagon, striking on his head and cutting a gash across his forehead. He was carried to a house near by and a physician summoned who dressed his wound. We are glad to learn that he is now nearly recovered. Mr. II. W. Mumford was the very efficient judge of It the mutton breeds of sheep at the State Fair. should be said to his credit t h at most of the same sheep were shown in New York wliere they were judged by Thompson of Indiana, and Mr. Mumford placed the prizes in substantially the same order t h at In the few cases where they were given in New York. the owners were heard to remark he differed t h at Mumford's judgment coincided more nearly with theirs than did that of the New Yrork judge. The Sunftcld 'Sentinel, published by C. J. Strang, '78, in advertising a farmers' picnic, contains in several different parts of the paper the following items, one in a place: The picnic speaker is Prof. Clinton D. Smith of M. A. C. Prof. Smith was reared on a farm and knows what he is talking about from the ground up. Prof. Smith knows all about planting seeds and pulling weeds, but it's the seeds and weeds of the mind he will say most about on picnic day. Prof. Smith is a rattling good orator. Prof. Clinton I). Smith believes with the grange motto that the farmer is greater than his farm and should be'first cultivated. One of the best speakers in Michigan has been se cured in the person of Prof. Clinton D. Smith of Mich igan Agricultural College. At one o'clock Prof. Smith will make his address, which will give ample time to settle your dinners and we hope will enable all to masticate and digest many famishing inspiring t r u t hs Hint will nourish .souls, and prepare them for the duties and pleasures of life. their On the morning of Saturday, August 22, we met the Professor on his way to the train, apparently not elated with the prospect ahead. Whether it was owing to the cloudy sky, or whether, he feared he should not fulfil the high promises of the Sentinel we did not learn. We waited for the succeeding number of the paper with much interest and here are two para graphs: The band struck up and the multitude repaired to It w as the 257th time the grove to hear the speech. Prof. Smith had addressed gatherings of farmers, and it was easy to understand his popularity from the start. His physique was commanding, his voice clear and resonant, his expression genial. From his open ing remarks one might have imagined him a prom inent divine. In style the speaker was very pointed, and at times very epigrammatieal, abounding in humorous anec dote. His discourse won him a thousanu friends. TRANSPORTATION. COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS BY E. D. P A R T R I D G E. Shaler says, "The excellency of transportation may, be said to depend upon cheapness, capacity, efficiency, rapidity, and independence of t he natural features of the earth's surface." Since t he revolution, there h as been a steady advancement in all the above require ments. The growth, though slow and almost unno- ticeable at times, h as resulted in more good to t he nation, and greater a d v a n t a g es to the people than any political movement could have brought about. Starting from almost nothing, it has grown, till now, in some respects, it is second to none in the world. The mails and freight traffic carried at first by horses or perhaps on wagons d r a wn by oxen, became so heavy as to require some other means. T he large, clumsy, wagons, known as desert ships had served well, but their time w as past. T he old stage coach reluctantly and gradually gave up its claim on the passenger traffic. For, as farming increased, as man their ufacturing progressed, as the eyes w e s t w a rd and located at a distance from center of civilization, as each community became less and less independent, it became plainer and more desirable t h at some regular means of transportation be established. This means h as been established, but not without a great amount of time, knowledge a nd expense. Let us glance at the changes as they occur. the people turned Probably the most important factor of transporta tion previous to the advent of t he railroad, w as the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825. Joining Albany freight and Buffalo with a line of passenger and boats, it soon became a great highway of commerce. But eVen here, all boats were d r a wn by horses or mules. In the large rivers rafts were builty loaded with freight, a nd floated down s t r e a m; b ut freight could not be taken up stream to a ny a d v a n t a g e. Thus, with a few canals, some flat boats, a n u m b er of stage coaches, and a multitude of horses a nd mules, our system of transportation w as complete. Y'es com plete, as far as the needs of the first q u a r t er of this century were concerned; but nothing short, of rail roads would answer the requirements of the next quarter. filled So we might n a me the discovery and perfection of the steam engine, as the beginning and foundation of our transportation system. T he birth of the railroad is perhaps best placed at 1831, when Steven's loco motive, John Bull, the • world with wonder by making a record of 30 miles per hour. This queer looking affair, by doubling the previous long distance record, became the object of much attention and ridi cule. We a re not surprised at the prevailing opinion that transporting passengers and light freight, when we remember t h at the driving wheels were made similar to t he wheels of a common farm wagon. railroads could be used only in locomotive little engine at The first steam in America of which we have any reliable accounts, w as built by J o hn Stevens in 1825 at Hoboken, New Jersey. T he run ning gear consisted of t wo heavy parallel timbers fastened at each end by an iron shaft, the ends of which protruded to support the wheels. T he hubs, spokes, and felloes of these wheels were of wood. The source of power consisted/of an upright boiler, with a its s i d e \ w h o se crank mas geared with a rack rail in the center of the track. T he track itself was of wood faced with strap iron. T he tender consisted of a water barrel and a coal box placed on the running gear of the engine. T he pas senger and freight ears differed little except t h at the former had t wo holes high on each side to a d m it a ir and light. It was but a little time, however, beforethe steam engine became the prime factor of all transpor tation. Steamships reduced the time of making a trip between New York and Liverpool, from six weeks to as many days. Boats were soon plying on all the large rivers, irrespective of direction of wind or cur rent. The railroads, beginning by joining t he large cities, soon spread a perfect network all over t he United States. We might properly say, then, t h at by this time we have reached one of t he requirements of excellency of transportation mentioned at first— namely: Independence of t he n a t u r al features of t he earth. The efficiency of t he first steam engines w as very low, but it w as increased by eliminating the faults, and by replacing t he little a w k w a rd engines with heavy, durable ones. T he discovery of a process for manufacturing soft steel soon did a w ay with t he use of cast and wrought iron for boilers, engines and tracks. Beautiful bridges were built where previously small ferry boats were used. At one time, rivers SEPTEMBER 15, 1896. T HE M. A. C. R E C O R D. 3 were crossed by unloading all freight, baggage, and passengers into boats, and with a good deal of worry, labor and cost, they were ready, 12 hours later, per haps, to leave a point two miles distant. Soon large ferry boats w e re built, reducing t he time of change to from t wo to four hours, a nd t he extra cost to nothing by carrying whole trains at a time. Today those difficulties a re overcome, a nd t he same places are passed in from one to live minutes without even stopping. Thus cheapness and rapidity were increased at the same time with efficiency, and we see that we have reached three more of t he requirements of excellency of transportation. In the remaining one of these requirements, capac ity, there has been probably t he greatest change. In place of the insignificant engines of the thirties which to do their best could hardly move three small coaches on a level track, we have t he grand locomotives of today, weighing many tons a nd able to draw 40 or 50 times the load, passing from t he bottom lands of the Mississippi, over the summits of the Rockies. In place of the box-like passenger cars with their bench scats, we have comfortable parlor chair-cars. In place of the small, dumpy freight cars, some of which were at one time drawn by a piece of leather strap, we have cars similar to thosethat carried the 185,000 lb Krupp guns to Chicago in 18(J3. Great expenditure of money h as been made for this advancement. In some places, t he cost of t he road w as equal to the amount required to lay silver dollars with their edges touching, the full length of both rails of the line. The amount of track of the Penn. Kail Road Co., is suffi cient to encircle t he earth a nd overlap from New York to a point in the Pacific 1,400 miles from Hono lulu, in Hawaii. We a re not behind a ny nation in water transportation. T he Soo canal carries more commerce than does t he Suez canal, and t he Detroit river carries more perhaps than any other waterway in t he world. It would seem almost as though all advancement that could be made, has been made. No doubt, however, t he engineers of 1840-50 thought t he same; yet see what has been accomplished! A com paratively complete mastery of the subject of Therm odynamics has brought the steam engine to its high est probable efficiency, yet there is a good deal of energy lost now. It is hard to say just w h at line of development the future will follow; so let us leave the fuure, and look at a few of the needs for, and results of a good trans portation system. It is this which h as made it pos sible for o ur manufacturing a nd other industries to become what they are. Massachusetts is t he great shoe making district of the United States; Pittsburg and vicinity have t he great iron furnaces, while the. great wheat fields a re in t he north and west. If fuel is the most important article, the factory can be built where fuel is the cheapest, and have the raw materi als imported a nd t he manufactured goods exported. If t he r aw materials a re of such a n a t u re as to be not easily transportable, t he factories a re built in the district producing t he r aw materials. The ques tion of location is a very important one, and becomes more so as the scales of economy become more nearly balanced. W h at would be the result with respect to future industries? Since in manufacturing t he cost of power is t he most important item of expense, we should expect t h at many factories would be built near such places as t he Niagara Falls, where thous ands of horse-power of work, which have been idle for ages, are being harnessed to the shafts of factor ies, by means of a small copper wire. The products of the farm are also greatly influenced transportation facilities. Drawing t he products by by team for a distance of more t h an thirty miles, takes all t he profit, to say nothing of t he risk of entire loss by storms or delay of sale. It is claimed t h at with people located as at present 4-5 of the farm products must be transported; and E d w a rd Atkinson h as shown t h at t he largest item of cost of a loaf of bread is t he cost of transportation. To overcome the difficulties presented by food transportation re frigerator cars have been built with conveniences such t h at perishable products of t he farm, garden and dairy can be transported hundreds of miles a nd yet incur comparatively little damage. In large manufacturing cities, the transportation of the people has grown to be a very important matter. The local trains and street railroads make it possible for laboring hands to be supplied from a great dis tance. T he most common means of city transporta tion, is electric and cable cars; the circumstances deter mining which one to be chosen. The average cost of a mile of electric railroad is $30,352, while for cable roads it is about $200,475. The running expenses of the latter a re however, comparatively very low. As cities grow, the value of street space increases; hence in some places the companies have been forced to build either elevated or underground roads. Taking everything into consideration, t he last is perhaps t he best. Another very important form of transportation is that by means of bicycles, whose value is very appar ent of late. Ten years ago, to see a man on a bicycle, caused almost as much excitement as a circus. Today, to see a person without one causes almost equal sur prise. In many large cities, there are more people who ride on wheels, t h an in buggies or street cars. There has been little change in the cost of wheels b ut com petition lias been the means of improving them from a straight stick resting on two wheels, propelled by touching t he ground with the feet, to w h at we see today. High grade wheels a re uow made of the best material obtainable, and hence a re very durable. T he efficiency of the bicycle is almost a maximum, almost every improvement having been supplied. There was recently a patent taken out for a spring attachment that would store up energy while going down hill and use it again in going up hill. A new use that may be made of t he bicycle was suggested by a conversation between two old soldiers at the picnic here July 16. After introducing him self one of them said. •"Where were you during the war"'.'"' The other answered, "I served for Michigan; where were you 7" T he one—"1 w as with t he Ohio boys. 1 suppose you were at the battle of Bull B u n ?" The other—"Yes, I guess we will always remember that. We did not r un but we took up a pretty lively walk." The one—"I'll tell you just what's the matter. I would have given .$500 for a bicycle if I could have ridden as well as some of these young fellows." Before closing, let us step upon t he hill of know ledge a nd review the advancement in methods of transportation. Away back, almost lost in t he dis tance, we see Columbus lauding upon the shores of America. " The red man has possession of the land. The squaw carries her papoose on her back; a nd the laden with game." T he whites brave is returning begin settling up t he country. They introduce rafts, ferry and rail boats. One division of the people moves westward with wagons loaded with spinning wheels plows, etc. As the ox t e a ms wend their way farther from civilization, their place is t a k en by horses a nd stage coaches. Boats, laden with-heavy cargoes, float on many new canals. Way down in New Jersey we see a great commotion. Upon looking more care fully we see the first steam locomotive, puffing away, apparently conscious of the importance of its exist ence. Other locomotives follow and soon t he n ew tracks are literally dotted with different kinds of cars. Now we see great heaps of freight awaiting their turn at t he depots. T he baby locomotives puff diligently a w a y; but with their light tracks and miniature cars, cannot possibly do t he necessary work. Soon all old tracks a re torn a w ay a nd replaced by heavier a nd more durable ones. The ba^y locomotives run scream ing to the depots to avoid being crushed by t he large ones as they come. A great roaring is heard a w ay off toward the Atlantic. We look just in time to get a iron steamship plowing a w ay toward England. The view dazes us a nd we sink back to recover our senses. We nerve ourselves for one last look. We see that Progress did not stop: for we find t he whole eastern part of t he United States almost covered with tracks, several lines of which stretch out to the west and reach t he Pacific. Steamboats of all sizes a re moving to and fro on all rivers, lakes, and seas. The people all over t he coun try a re busy trying to keep up with t he movement of the age. We borrow a bicycle and t ry with them. last glimpse of a great THE "CURIOSITY S T R I P. A. R. ROGERS AND J. W. RIGTERINK. (Continued.) This plant is SACALINE. {Polygonum Sachalinense.) a native of t he island of Saghalin, off the east coast of Siberia, from which it was introduced into Europe by t he Russian botanist Maximowicz. I ts botanical name indicates its place of origin, a nd also t he fact that it is related to the yellow dock, smartweed, and rhubarb, which belong to t he genus Polygonum. I ts seeds resemble those of dock a nd rhubarb. T he plant has been grown to a limited extent in Europe for more than thirty years, chiefly for ornamental purposes, but within the past few years attention h as been called to it, mainly in France, as a forage plant. It was tested in this country several years ago them in a greenhouse March 20. T he by one of our leading seedsmen as an o r n a m e n t al plant, b ut was not considered worthy of being intro duced. During the past year it has been extensively a"dverised in t he United States as a forage plant of ifemarkable productiveness, especially adapted to dry situations. Last spring we obtained seeds a nd roots and started roots died, b ut t he seeds germinated 'readily and the young plants, to t he number of 50, were set in t he open ground when about t wo inches high, being placed four feet a p a rt each way in a rich loamy soil. They were given good cultivation throughout t he sum mer and made a continuous growth, reaching a height of three feet by t he end of t he season, with several branching a nd spreading stems to each plant. In September about half of the plants blossomed abund antly, b ut set only a few seeds which ripened about the middle of October. The plant is said to last for 50 years, which seems quite possible. At t he Iowa Experiment Station it is reported t h at a plant of saca line lias grown in one spot for 12 years, a nd at this Station a plant of a closely related species, Poly gonum mspidatum, h as been growing in one place for more t h an 15 years, throwing up numerous woody steins each year about six feet in height. Sacaline spreads a nd renews itself to some extent by means of underground shoots, though but few of these were4 produced on the young plants raised here this season. The stems a re woody, b ut t he leaves a nd smaller branches a re succulent when young a nd were eaten readily by horses a nd cattle. We h a ve not seen as yet much reason to recommend this plant for agri less productive cultural purposes. It seems much t h an Indian corn, and is poorly adapted for preserv ing in a dry state, besides being likely to prove difficult to eradicate when the land is wanted for some other crop. JUTE. {Cor chorus capsular is.) Six rows were planted ten inches a p a rt May 23. It is claimed by seedsmen that this plant needs no cultivation, b ut our experi ence is different. The plants seem quite delicate When small b ut stood t he drouth well. They did not blos som this year however. In Bengal t he fiber of this plant is used for making sacks in which coffee a nd sugar a re packed. J u te is cultivated quite exten sively in t he E a st Indies, China a nd J a p an for the same purposes as hemp. HOPS. {Humulus luplus.) These plants were set last year and were in a condition to m a ke a good growth. Hops a re propagated by m e a ns of t he rootstocks, a piece containing one node or joint being able to serve this purpose. During the fore part of the season t he plants made a remarkable growth, growing some days as much as seven inches. Then there w as a slight frost which checked growth for some time. T he vines finally obtained a length of about ten feet and produced a few cones of hops b ut no seeds. Upon examination it w as found t h at no male plants were present to furnish pollen, which accounts for the failure to produce seed. CYTISUS PROLIFEROUS ALBUS. This is a new African fodder plant recommended for d ry soils. Of all t he seeds sown only one plant came up. This grew to a height of t wo feet. Its stem and leaves are pubescent, giving it a grayish appearance. The plaut is a shrub and its round black seeds resemble those of okra. [It died the following winter.] TOBACCO. {Nicotiana tabacum ) On April 4 the seeds were sown in t he greenhouse. T he plants were transplanted into the field directly after a rain, about May 22. This rain w as followed by w a rm dry winds and only six plants survived. These did well during the summer, some of the leaves attaining a length of 30 inches a nd 10 inches in width. The plants blos somed b ut ripened no seeds this year. Last year t he tobacco worm did considerable damage b ut this year none made their appearance. HEMP. {Cannabis sativa.) The seed was sown May 23 in rows ten inches apart. On July 2 t he plants were about two feet high and had begun to blossom. Hemp is dioecious, one set of plants bearing staminate flowers flowers and no seeds and other plants pistilate and seeds. The plants bearing the staminate flowers had few leaves and died soon after t he flowers had withered, while those bearing the pistilate had numer ous leaves, which were of a dark green color. T he first seeds were ripe Sept. 8. PEPPERMINT. {Mentlia piperta.) This is the mint most extensively grown for oil, a nd of which large a r e as are planted in Kalamazoo, St. Joseph and other coun ties of this state. P l a n ts were set in t he curiosity strip May 23 and grew nicely from the start. (Concluded next week.) 4 T HE M. A. C. E E C O E D. SEPTEMBEK 15, 1896. The M. A. C. Reeord. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE E D I T ED BY T HE F A C U L T Y, ASSISTED BY T HE STUDENTS. A D D R E SS A LL M A IL TO L O CK B OX 262, L A N S I N G, M I C H. SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS P ER Y E A R. Business Office with ROBERT SMITH PRINTING C O ., Printers and Binders, 108-120 Michigan Ave. West, Lansing, Mich. Entered as second-class matter at Lansing, Mich. For various reasons T HE M. A. C. RECORD is occasionally sent to those who have not subscribed for the paper. Such persons need have no hesitation about taking the paper from the post- office, for no charge will be made for it. The only way, how ever, to secure the RECORD regularly is to subscribe. FALL TERM ANNOUNCEMENTS. Algebra.—Mechanical freshmen; Prof. Babcock; Van Velzer & Slichter's University Algebra. First meeting of Class on Tuesday at 11 A. M.; second floor, south side of College Hall. See bulletin board in College Hall for first lesson. Algebra.—Agricultural freshmen; Instructor Pashby; Van Velzer & Slichter's School Algebra. Class room; third floor College Hall. See bulletin board in College Hall for division into sections and first lesson. Analytical Chemistry.—Juniors, Agricultural Course. Prof. F. S. Kedzie. Analytical room Chemical Labora tory, 10 to 12 A. M. No text for first week. Botany (Parasitic Fungi). —Elective for Seniors. Dr. Beal. Hours to be arranged. Botany.—Agricultural Sophomores, Prof. Wheeler. .Meet in Botanical Laboratory, class room 12, daily, from 10 to I L A . - M. Botany.—Agricultural Freshmen. Instructor, Long- year. Meet in Botanical Laboratory, in class room 8, two hours per day; division A. at 1 P. M.; division B. at '6 p. M. Text, Beal's Hints to Beginners in Botany. Civics (Moral Philosophy in Catalogue).—Agricultural Juniors. Prof. Hedrick. Meet Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays at 9 A. M. English class room. Text, Fiske. This takes the place of Stock Breeding. Cooking.—Prof. McDermott. All students in cooking will meet at Abbott Hall at 1 P. M. Thursday. Descriptive (Geometry. — Mechanical Sophomores; Prof. Holdsworth; ltKL2 A. M., Mon., Wed., Fri.; Draw ing Room, 2d floor Mechanical Laboratory. Elementary Kinematics.—Mechanical Juniors. In structor Westcott. Text-book, Stahl a nd Wood. Mon days, Wednesdays and Fridays, 8 A. M. Prof. Noble's recitation room. English History.—Special class for Agricultural Juniors who have not passed the subject. Prof. Hedrick. Meet in English class room at 7 A. M. Text, Montgom ery's Leading Facts in English History. English Masterpieces.—Senior A g r i c u l t u r a l; Dr. Edwards; time to be determined; north room, second floor of College Hall; daily. Pancoast's Introduction to English Literature. E x p e r i m e n t al L a b o r a t o r y. — Mechanical Seniors. Prof. Weil. No text-book. Mondays and Fridays, 1 to P> p. M. F a rm Labor.—All Agricultural Juniors and Sopho mores. Meet at 1 P. M., Tuesday, at the Agricultural Laboratory for assignment to labor. F a rm Management.—Juniors. Prof. Smith. Meet in Veterinary class room at 8 A. M. , Tuesday. French.—Junior Mechanicals; Dr. Edwards; time to be determined; north room; 2d floor of College Hall. Edgren's French Grammar. German.—Junior Mechanicals; Dr. Edwards; 10-11 A. M., daily; north room, second floor of College Hall. Thomas' German Grammar. Garden Labor.—Agricultural Seniors meet at the Horticultural Laboratory at 1 p. M. for assignment to labor. Grammar.—Freshmen; Prof. Noble. Meet in south west corner room; 3d floor of College Hall; Division A. at 11 A. M.; B. at 9 A. M.; Mechanicals at 10 A. M. Text, Maxwell's English Grammar. G r a p h ic Statics.—Mechanical seniors; Prof. Vedder and Mr Pashby; Engineering class room on first floor of College Hall. Text, Roofs and Bridges, by Merriman & Jacoby. First meeting of class on Wednesday at 9 A. M. , for which the lesson will be the first four articles of the text-book. G r a p h i c al S t a t i cs of Mechanism. — Mechanical Seniors. Instructor Westcott. Text-book, H e r m a n n- Smith. Mondays and Fridays, 10 to 12 A. M. Drawing room. I n t e g r al Calculus.—Mechanical juniors; Prof. Bab cock. Text, Johnson's Integral Calculus. Class will meet Tuesday at 9 A. M. on second floor, College Hall, south side. No lesson assigned for first meeting. J u n i or Anatomy a nd Physiology.—Prof. Barrows. Class will meet in Zoological lecture room at 4 p. M., Tuesday. Text-book, Foster & Shore's Physiology for Beginners. Live Stock.—Freshmen. Instructor Mumford. Meet 10 hours per week in Agricultural Laboratory. Division A. at 8 A. M., and division B. at 10 A. M. Machine Design.—Mechanical Juniors. Instructor H. E. Sniith. Text-book, Klein. Tuesdays and Wednes days, 1 to 4 P. M. Drawing room. Mechanical Drawing.—Freshmen; Prof. Holdsworth; 1-3 P. M. daily; Drawing Room, 2d floor Mechanical Laboratory. Metallurgy.—Mechanical Juniors. Prof. Weil. Hour and place of meeting will be announced later. Meteorology.—Elective for Seniors; Dr. Kedzie; meet daily at 8 A . M. in Chemical lecture room. Come pre pared to take notes. Orations.—One oration will be required of each Junior and Senior during the present term. For ap pointment call at the English office in the Library Build ing between 3 p. M. and 5 P. M.. of any afternoon dur ing the first week of the term. Physics.—For all Sophomores. Prof. Wood worth. Meet in Physical Lecture Room at 9 A. M. , first four days in the week. Psychology.—Agricultural Sophomores. Prof. Hed rick. Meet at 11 A. M. in English class room. Text- McLellan. Rhetoricals—Freshmen, Instructor Crosby. Two days per week at 3 p. M. in the Chapel. Text, HamilPs New Science of Elocution and Irving's Rip Van Winkle. Agricultural division meets Mondays and Wednesdays. Mechanical division Tuesda ys and Thursdays, Rhetoricals.—Sophomores. Instructor, Crosby. Text, Webster's Reply to Hayne. Meet in Chapel one day per week. A. A g r i c u l t u r al meet Fridays at 11 A. M.; B. A g r i c u l t u r a l, Fridays at 9 A. M., and Mechanicals Thursday at 10 A. M. Senior Zoology.—Prof. Barrows. The Senior elective for the fall term is Zoology, not Geology as stated in the catalogue. No text-boox required. Hours to be fixed later. Shakespeare.—Junior A g r i c u l t u r a l; Dr. Edwards; 4-5, Thursdays; north room, 2d floor of College Hall. Romeo and Juliet (Rolfe). Shop Practice.—Mechanical Seniors. Instructor Leonard. Tuesdays and Wednesdays, 1 to 4 p. M. Ma chine shop. Shop Practice.—Mechanical Instructor Leonard. Mondays and Fridays, 1 to 4 p. M. Machine shop. Juniors. Shop Practice.—Mechanical Sophomores, Sec. B. Instructor Hoyt. Except Friday, 1 to 4 p. M. Foundry. Shop Practice.—Mechanical Sophomores, Sec. A. Instructor Theodore. Except Monday, 1 to 4 p. M. Blacksmith shop. ( Shop Practice.—Mechanical Freshmen. Instructor Hoyt. Daily, 8 to 10 A. M. Wood Shop. Shop Methods.—Mechanical Sophomores. Instructor Leonard. No text-book. Tuesdays and Thursdays, 11 A. M. Recitation room. Solid Geometry.—Agricultural Sophomores; Prof. Babcock. Continuation of the geometry of the summer term for the same students. Beman and Smith's Geom. etry is the text-book. Class will meet for registration on Tuesday at 8 A. M. , on 2d floor, south side of College Hall. No lesson for first meeting. Steam E n g i ne Design.—Mechanical Seniors. Instruc tor Westcott. Text-book, Klein, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays, 10 to 12 A. M. Drawing room. Stock Breeding.—Agricultural Juniors. Transferred by consent to last half of winter term. S u r v e y i n g .— Mechanical; juniors; Prof. Vedder. Text, Hodgman's Surveying. Class will meet on Tues day and Thursday in Engineering class room at 11 A. M. Field work on Thursday, 1 to 3 p. M. Lesson for Tues day, first ten pages of the text. Thermodynamics.—Mechanical Seniors. Prof. Weil. Text-book, Peabody. room. Daily at 8 A. M. Recitation Trigonometry.—Mechanical sophomores; Prof. Ved der. Meet daily at 8 A. M. Text, Wentworth's Trigo nometry. Lesson Tuesday, first three pages. Provide a note book to be used exclusively for notes on this sub ject. Valve Gears.—Mechanical Seniors. Prof. Weil. No text-book required. Tuesdays and Thursdays, 9 A. M. Recitation and drawing room. V e t e r i n a ry Science.—Elective for Seniors. Dr. Grange. Meet in Veterinary class room at 11 A. M. SIR JOHN LAWES AND H IS WORK FOR AGRI CULTURE. COMMENCEMENT A D D R E SS BY C. H. B R I G G S. In the great held of agricultural science, no more earnest workers are found than those a t l t he experi ment stations. Of all these stations in this country . and Europe, the one worthy of the greatest praise is Rothamsted. No station h as been directed more carefully, faithfully, and judiciously t h an this noted s t a: tionin England. No station h as achieved more marked success, proved of more benefit to agriculture, or become more famous t h a i / t h i s. These facts would not be sur prising if the station were backed by England her self, hut Our admiration increases still more when we learn that all this is the gift of one individual—one man who has furnished all the means for the under taking, and — far more important — h as devoted his whole life to the study of this science. T he name of this distinguished man is Sir John B. Lawes. this wonderful the amount of work •Scarcely can we study any line of investigation without finding him one of the foremost experiment ers on the subject. Article after article has been pub lished in magazines, volumes have issued from Itoth anisted, but m a ny of the results reached during fifty years of experimenting at station still remain unpublished. T he extent of these investi they represent, can gations, hardly be realized. It is only when we give them careful study that our appreciation grows, in some degree commensurate from the hill to t he mountain. Rothamsted station is the second oldest in exist fifty-three years it h as been disclosing ence. F or nature's secrets. It w as preceded by Boassiugault's station, and w as followed by the first German station in 1852. and the first American station at Middle- town, Connecticut, in 1875. Representative as it t h us becomes of the most advanced agriculture of our day it is certainly worthy of our attention for a few moments. just come its armor and m a ny In taking up the study of any important work, it is always interesting to trace its beginning. To apply this process to our subject it is necessary to go back to 1834 and consider a bold youth of twenty, John B. Lawes. Esq., as we find him, fresh from Oxford, and into possession of the Rothamsted manor. The old manor house teems with the chivalry its previous owners. T he front hall bristles of trophies of t he chase. with But a new ruler h as come into power. He is a young scientist and first startles t he repose of his mother by fitting up the best bedroom into a chemical laboratory. His attention is d r a wn to the compost tion of drugs. Accordingly he sows on his farm many different plants, such as poppies, henbane, bella donna, etc., from which to make his drugs. Now he wastes a great deal of time a nd money in endeavoring to manufacture calomel a nd corosive sublimate on large scale by burning mercury in chlorine gas. a Soon his attention is d r a wn to the plants them selves and he applies his chemistry to agriculture by testing the effect of various fertilizers on plants important grown in pots. Here he makes his first discovery. He notices t he marked benefits obtained from phosphates which have been previously treated with sulphuric acid. In other words he h as discovered the superphosphates. He ;transf ers his experiments to the field a nd increases the number every year. Henceforth, for fifty years, he m ay be found endeav oring to solve scientific problems. T h us we see the undirected energies of this ambitious youth w a n d er into t he scientific field which has since been so en riched by the m a t u re m a n. In 1843, Dr. J. H. Gilbert w as employed as chem ist, and the foundation of the Rothamsted station dates from this year. Indeed Dr. Gilbert h as proved almost a p a r t n er in the undertaking. He h as had much to do with the conduct of t he experiments, a nd is responsible for many of t he published reports. The experiments are always known as those of L a w es SEPTEMBER 15, 1896. T HE M. A. C. E E C O R D. 5 & Gilbert. W i th this brief look at t he foundation of Rothamsted, let us n ow t u rn our attention to t he station and its work. this thirty-nine acres a re divided Rothamsted manor is situated about twenty-live miles north of Loudon, a nd comprises about 500 acres. Of into experimental plots. T he plan of t he experiments is unique. In no other station a re they carried oat in the systematic w ay or on such a large scale. You lind no conclusions d r a wn from one-year experiments; b ut they a re repeated on t he same ground a nd under the same treatment year after year, until the conclu sions d r a wn are sure to be correct. Wheat, for exam ple, h as been grown on the same ground for fifty years, part under exactly t he same conditions a nd part under different conditions according to the nature Samples of the soil for an of t he experiment. year, taken alysis, a re as fertilizers also applied. This permits the study of many ques tions l>esides the particular experiment;—such, for instance, as soil exhaustion, the permanent effect of fertilizers, a nd t he effect of season on produce. A single field experiment, thus thoroughly and patiently carried out, touches half of the domain of agricul tural chemistry, and supplies information of the most solid and valuable kind. samples of crop grown a nd each plot every from The matter of the preparation and analysis of sam ples is no minor part of the work at Kothanisted. Three persons a re constantly employed during the summer in collecting a nd preparing samples. Over 40.000 samples of soils, plants, ashes of animals, etc., are preserved in separate bottles in the laboratory. Three chemists are employed in analyzing tiiese sam ples, a nd often analytical work is done in London. At first, an old barn was used for a chemical labor atory, b ut in 1855, a new laboratory was erected and presented by the prominent agriculturists, as a token of appreciation. The investigations at Rothamsted have been made mainly along t wo distinct lines, viz.. Animals, a nd Plants. Besides these, considerable work has been done in the analysis of rain water for ammonia and nitrates, and drainage waters for the elements con tained. The experiments with animate a re almost the first of the kind. They consist of many feeding experi ments, which have furnished much of the foundation for our present principles in stoekfeeding. Also many laborious analyses were made to determine t he com position of t he bodies of animals, and the composi tion of the increase in the bodies of fattening ani mals. ~" The first experiments with plants were made largely to disprove Liebig's mineral-ash theory. This theor>\ which was generally accepted, held t h at cer tain a sh elements were essential to t he growth and development of the plant, and that such substances must be furnished to it by the soil. T he necessity of a certain quantity of nitrogen was recognized; but it was imagined, since wild plants could thrive with out a ny artificial supply of nitrogen, t h at a. sufficient amount of that element existed in t he a ir to render it unnecessary to take a ny steps for increasing the supply. The important discovery made by Mr. Lawes -of t he absolute necessity of t he presence of nitrogen in t he soil in order to maintain its fertility w as a contradiction of this view, and led to the opening of a new field of agricultural investigation. The sources of nitrogen w as t he next problem to be solved. It was thought t h at rain w a t er might be one of t he sources, since it contained both ammonia and nitrates. A rain gauge having an area of 1-1000 of an acre w as made, and the rain carefully collected for several years. T he analyses showed that the amount of nitrogen furnished in this w ay w as very Indeed, the analysis of drainage waters dur small. ing the same time proved that almost as much nitro gen was carried a w ay in t he form of nitrates as w as brought down by the rain. Thus this theory was like wise exploded. Many more investigations with nitrogen followed, progressing as science progressed, a nd always push ing ahead. The subject of nitrification, or the changing of am monia into nitrates ready for assimilation by the plant, that ni w as carefully studied. It must be remembered trogen in the forms of ammonia and organic nitrogen cannot be t a k en up by plants, b ut must first be con verted into nitrates. This essential service is per formed by a bacterium called t he nitre-plant. These bacteria, extremely minute in size, b ut making np for this by their enormous number, permeate all fer tile soils, a nd convert t he ammonia a nd organic nitrogen into forms convenient for t he plant. IF YOU MAKE A immediately experiments were As soon as t he discovery of these bacteria w as com announced, menced at Rothamsted. One of the first experiments shows very plainly t he work of the nitre-plant. A weak solution of ammonia salts w as prepared a nd placed in four pint bottles. Two of these were placed in a window a nd t wo in a dark cupboard. To one under each condition w as added a grain of fresh pasture soil. After some time the solutions were exam ined. T he ammonia in t he solutiou seeded with soil and kept in darkness w as completely nitrified, while the other solutions remained unchanged. The experi ment w as repeated, and the result as before was that the solution in darkness nitrified while t h at in the light did not. Tins experiment is a good example of Rothamsted investigations. A great m a ny such experiments a re performed, many proving fruitless a nd giving no reward, but. others proving of inestimable value to science. The scope of these investigations can hardly be realized. They extend far into other sciences, for the broad field of agriculture requires it. T he num ber may partly be judged from the publications of the results. These publications a re so numerous t h at the titles of the articles alone would cover several pages. Yet this magnificent work is not yet com pleted. T he venerable m an who founded the under taking and carried it on so successfully for fiffy years, h as now become decrepit a nd laid his work aside; b ut as a final offering to t he science he loves so well, he h as given £500,000 for t he continuance of the station. It is needless to say that t he efforts of this earnest man have been appreciated. He h as received many of the highest honors, both from his own country and foreign admirers. Parliament h as frequently shown its esteem, and t he queen, as an evidence of her esteem, made him a baronet. England Has only one experiment station. Rotham sted, and t h at a private institution. This station lias achieved marked success, and. t he progress of agri cultural science.has been rapid. In the United States though today fifty such stations, many are still in their infancy'. H ow great indeed must be the -progress of this science in another fifty years if we b ut follow the example so nobly set by Lawes & Gilbert! there a re nearly Fred SlwDel, 11 MISTAKE And get in the wrong place try Thompson 8c Van Bnren for your next job of printing. IF YOU NEVER MADE A m MISTAKE Be sure you're started right (for Thompson & Van Burets) then go ahead. >*^^~OTTAWA STREET EAST BOYS . . . 5U6K sells Furniture Riont. ALL GOODS DELIVERED TO COLLEGE FREE. Best W o v en W i re Cots - " - " S p r i n g s, $1 25 - 1 50 WE S E LL EVERYTHING. M. J. & B. M. B U C K. O P EN E V E N I N G S. LOWEST PRICES WILL BE QUOTED TO SCHOOL LIBRARIES and others sending lists of books wanted to Lansing Book & Paper Co,, Lansing, Mich. OF M I C H I G A N. Sound a nd C h e ap ZtabinQ Beafer in Sir^ Soofxoear . . . Incorporated under the laws of Michigan by 100 leading Michigan Bankers. HOME OFFICE, L a n s i n g, Mich. WE QUOTE THREE POINTS_ fitting, W. E. TRAGER, liability. We Carry A il Crades. Repairing Done. FRESH # SALT MEATS FRED SHUBEL 5 09 M i c h i g an A v e n ue East. DEALER IN CRAB A PAIR goods at p r i c es f ar below a c t u al value, We h a ve d i v i d ed to close o ut as follows: For One Dollar Men's $1.50 Work Shoes Ladies' $2.00 Cloth Top Shoes For One Ninety-Five Men's $3.00 Needle Toe Shoes Men's $3.00 Vici Kid Shoes Ladies' $1.50 and $1.25 Oxford Shoes Ladies' $3.00 Needle Toe Kid Shoes Ladies' $1.50 Fine Kid Shoes Girls' $1.50 School Shoes, 11 to 2 Boys' $1.25 School Shoes, 11 to 2 Ladies' $2.50 Brown Shoes, (Needle Toe) Ladies' $3.50 Hand Turned (Plain • Toe) Ladies' $2.50 Oxfords (all styles) Boys' $2.50 Finest Calf Shoes W h i le t h ey a re g o i n g. We a re n ow c l o s i ng o ut m a ny l i n es of t he e n t i re l i ne i n to t h r ee l o t s, For Two Ninety-Five Men's $5 and $4 Patent Leather Shoes Men's $4 Vici K id Shoes Ladies' $4 Needle Toe Shoes (lace or button) Ladies' $4.50 Cork Sole Shoes (plain toe) Ladies' $5 Patent Leather Shoes Ladies' $4 and $3.50 Welt Sole Shoes Ladies' $3.50 and $3 Oxford Shoes And Many More Styles which we haven't room to describe. » ~ T HE GOODS MUST BE SOLD. REPAIRING SHOES REPAIRED AND RUBBERS MENDED C. D. WOODBURY 103 WASHINGTON AVE. SOUTH \> 6 T HE M. A. C. E E C O K D. SEPTEMBER 15, 1896. BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. Hon. F r a n k l in Wells, P r e s i d e nt H o n. Chas. W. Garfield Hon. Chas. F. Moore Hon. C. J. Monroe Hon. H e n ry Chamberlain Hon. W. E. Boyden Gov. J o hn T. Rich T he P r e s i d e nt of t he College Hon. I. H. Butterfield, Secretary. .Mich. Agr. College. Constantine. G r a nd Rapids. St. Clair. South H a v e n. T h r ee Oaks. .Delhi Mills. Ex_0fflcio, ) j FACULTY AND OTHER O F F I C E R S. J. L. SNYDER, A. M., P H. D., PRESIDENT. R O B E RT C. K E D Z I E, M. A., M. D., Professor of Chemistry, a nd Curator of t he Chemical Laboratory. W I L L I AM J. B E A L, M. S., P H. D., Professor of Botany a nd Forestry, a nd Curator of the Botanical Museum. E. A. A. GRANGE, V. S., Professor of Veterinary Science. L E VI R. T A F T, M. S., Professor of Horticulture a nd Landscape Gardening, a nd Superintendent of the Horticultural Department. H O W A RD E D W A R D S, M. A., LL. D., Prof essor of English Literature and Modern Languages. H E R M AN K. V E D D E R, C. E., Professor of Mathematics a nd Civil Engineering. HENRY H. BANDHOLTZ, 2D LIEUT. 6TH I N F ., U. S. A., Professor of Military Sciences and Tactics. I. H. B U T T E R F I E L D, Secretary. CLINTON D. SMITH, M. S., Professor of Practical Agriculture, and Superintendent of the F a r m. CHAS. L. W E I L, S. B., Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director of the Mechanical Department. W A L T ER B. BARROWS, S. B., Professor of Zoology a nd Physiology, a nd Curator of the General Museum. F R A NK S. K E D Z I E, M. S., Adjunct Professor of Chemistry. W I L L I AM S. H O L D S W O R T H, M. S., Assistant Professor of Drawing. P H I L IP B. W O O D W O R T H, B. S., M. E., Assistant Professor of Physics. ALVIN B. NOBLE, B. P H ., Assistant Professor of English Literature a nd Modem Languages. C H A R L E S. F. W H E E L E R, B. S., Assistant Professor of Botany. W I L B UR O. H E D R I C K, M. S., Assistant Professor of History and Political Economy. W A R R EN BABCOCK, J R ., B. S., Assistant Professor of Mathematics. EDITH F. McDERMOTT, Professor of Domestic Economy and Household Science. MRS. L I N DA E. LANDON, Librarian. H. W. MUMFORD, B. S., Instructor in Agriculture. GAGER C. DAVIS, M. S., Instructor in Zoology. A. L. W E S T C O T T, B. M. E., Instructor in Mechanical Engineering. D I CK J. CROSBY, B. S., Instructor in English. M E R R I TT W. F U L T O N, B. S., Instructor in Agriculture. BURTON O. LONGYEAR, Instructor in Botany. i E. S. GOOD. Clerk to P r e s i d e nt C H A CE N E W M A N, Clerk of Mechanical Department. Aside from t he State Board of Agriculture given above, t he following a re t he officers of t he E x p e r i m e nt Station: STATION COUNCIL. Clinton D. Smith, M. S J o n a t h an L. Snyder, P h. D., P r es L. R. Taft, M. S Robert C. Kedzie, M. A., M. D. I ra H. Butterfield Director a nd Agriculturist. Ex-officio. Horticulturist. Chemist. Secretary a nd T r e a s u r e r. S T R I C T LY FIRST-CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY AT L E C L E A R ' S. The Farm ... Department Offers for sale t he following head of live stock : ADVISORY AND ASSISTANT S T A F F. A. A. Crozier, M. S . . A s s i s t a nt in Agriculture. H e r b e rt W. Mumford, B. S. .Assistant in Agriculture. Assistant in Horticulture. H. P. Gladden, B. S Assistant in Horticulture. M. L. Dean Assistant in Chemistry. Thorn Smith, B. S Consulting Veterinarian. E. A. A. Grange, V. S.. Consulting Entomologist. G. C. Davis, M. S ^Botanist. Chas. F. Wheeler, B. S Mrs. L. E. Landon Librarian. In charge of Sub-Station. T. T. Lyon, So. H a v en In charge of Apiary. R. L. Taylor, Lapeer. S U B S T A T I O N S. Grayling, Crawford county, 80 acres deeded. South Haven, Van Buren county, 10 acres rented; 5 acres deeded. O F F I C I AL DIRECTORY. A Y e a r l i ng S h o r t h o rn B u l l, o ut of Mysie 3 r d, a nd by t he p r i ze w i n n i ng V o l u n t e e r, 101205, a p u re C r u i k s h a n k. T he T h o r o u g h b r ed J e r s ey B u l l, K e t t as A v e r r o e s, 35119, b r ed by G. A. W a t k i n s, D e t r o i t, solid color, 4 y e a rs old. T h is b u ll is by A v e r r o es w ho was a s on of M a t i l da 4 th a nd by I d a 's K i o t er of S t. L a m b e r t. H is d am was R e t ta of Bloomfield (29520) w ho was by t he f a m o us b u ll R a m a p o. No b e t t er b r ed J e r s ey b u ll exists t o d ay in t he s t a t e. T h r ee H o l s t e in b u ll calves, t h r ee m o n t hs o ld or y o u n g e r, a ll by M a u r i ce C l o t h i l de a nd o ut of t he selected cows O a t ka 3 r d 's W a y n e, C o l l e ge H o u w t je a nd College P a u l i ne W a y n e. • Sunday Chapel Service—Preaching at 2:30 P. M. Y. M. C. A.—Holds regular meetings every Thursday evening at 6:30 and Sunday evenings at 7:30. S. H. Fulton, President. C. W. Loomis, Cor. Secretary. Natural History Society—Regular Friday evening of each month in t he chapel at 7:30. L. R. Love, President. J. W. Rigterink, Secretary. meeting second Botanical Club—Meets first a nd third Friday of each month in Botanical Laboratory at 7:30. C. F. Wheeler President. B. Barlow, Secretary. Dante Club—Meets every Wednesday evening at 7:30 in Prof. W. O. Hedrick's office, College Hall. Prof. A. B. Noble, President. Students' Organization — S. H. Fulton, Vice-Presi dent. H. L. Becker, Secretary. Columbian Literary Society—Regular meeting every Saturday evening in their rooms in the middle ward of Wells Hall, at 7:30. E. H. Sedgwick, President. C. F. Austin, Secretary. Delta Tau Delta Fraternity—Meets Friday evenings in the chapter rooms on fourth floor of Williams Hall, at 7:30. W. Judson, President. C. P. Wykes, Sec retary. Eclectic Society—Meets on fourth floor of Williams Hall every Saturday at 7:30 p. M. C. D. Butterfield, President. Manning Agnew, Secretary. Feronian Society—Meets every Friday afternoon at 2:30 in U. L. S. Hall. Miss Sadie Champion, President. Miss Marie Belliss, Secretary. Hesperian Society—Meetings every Saturday evening in the society rooms in the West ward of Wells Hall at 7:30. J. D. McLouth, President. R. H. Osborne, Secretary. held Owing to the crowded conditions of the stables these animals will be sold cheap. N i ne Y e a r l i ng S h r o p s h i re R a ms o ut of t h o r o u g h b r ed ewes a nd by a p r i ze S h r o p s h i re r a m. P o l a nd C h i na a nd D u r oc J e r s ey P i gs of b o th sexes. These Animals will be registered, transferred and placed on board cars at Lansing on receipt of price, which will be given on application to CLINTON D. SMITH, Director and Superintendent of Farm, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MICH. CYRUS C. P A S H B Y, B. S., Instructor in Mathematics. GORDON H. T R U E, B. S., Instructor in Dairying. CHARLES E. MARSHALL, P H. B., Instructor in Bacteriology. H. E. SMITH, B. S. Instructor in Mechanical Engineering. D. B. B A L D W I N, Engineer. T H O M AS GUNSON, F o r e m an of Greenhouse. F. G. K E N N E Y, Assistant Secretary. E R N E ST W I T T S T O C K, F o r e m an of the F a r m. W. S. LEONARD. F o r e m an of Machine Shop. T H O M AS D U R K I N, F o r e m an of t he Horticultural Department. C H A R L ES E. HOYT, F o r e m an of t he Wood Shops a nd Foundry. Olympic Society—Meets on fourth floor of Williams Hall every Saturday evening at 7:30. H. W. Hart, President. C. J. Perry, Secretary. Phi Delta Theta Fraternity—Meets on Friday even ing in chapter rooms in Wells Hall, at 7:30. W. G. Amos, President. F. H. Smith, Secretary. Union Literary Society— Meetings held in their Hall every Saturday evening at 7:30. E. A. Robinson, Presi dent. S. F. Edwards, Secretary. Tau Beta Pi Fraternity—Meets every two weeks on Thursday evening in the tower room of Mechanical Laboratory. G. A. Parker, President. E. H. Sedgwick, Secretary. Club Boarding Association—I. L. Simmons, Presi dent. H. A. Dibble, Secretary. M. A. C. Orange—Meets every two weeks in t he Col umbian Society rooms. G. H. True, Master. H. W. Hart, Secretary. Try and Trust Circle of King's Daughters—Meeta every alternate Wednesday. Mrs. W. B. Barrows, Pres ident. Miss Lilian Wheeler, Secretary. THE MAPES CLOTHING CO. 207 & 209 WASHINGTON AVE. S. When young man's fancy lightly turns to thoughts of duck trousers, vacation^ and all that sort of sunshiny loveliness, he should direct his steeps towards our store, where we tnake a specialty of MID-SUMMER CLOTHING AND BICYCLE SUITS. S E P T E M B ER 1 5, 1 8 9 6. THE M. A. 0. KECORD. 1 NEWS FROM GRADUATES AND STUDENTS. F r ed Sharp, with '95, of Perry, Mich., visited t he grounds on Labor day. L. C. Brooks, '92, m., is second engineer on the n ew lake steamer Sacramento. Prof. D. W. Trine, '92, spent a day at the College on his way back to Gorvallis, Oregon. H. E. Ward, '95, expects to r e t u rn to College this fall to take work in Bacteriology. P e t er Ross, '95, is gardener and florist for a mining company in E a st Helena, Montana. E. O. Ladd, '78, Old Mission, h as been renominated by the republicans for register of deeds. Alex. Moore, '89, Port Huron, has been renominated for Circuit Court Commissioner of St. Clair county. L. J. Briggs, '93, Washington, D. C, is spending a week with his pareats a nd brother at i^acey. Mich. R. H. McDowell, '74. professor of agriculture a nd horticulture in the University of Nevada, called on us Sept. 3. H. F. Buskirk, '78. Wayland, is t he republican nom inee for representative to t he State legislature from Allegan county. A. S. Hume, '74, with family a nd friends visited living M. A. C, August 28. Mr. H u me is a farmer west of Lansing. O. J. Root, '89, m., Lansing, lias been appointed assistant superintendent of the Iron and Engine works of Watertown, N. Y. A. T. Cartland, who entered with '96, h as been at the College during vacation. He expects to remain and graduate with '97. A. W. Mather, '83, Hammond, Ind., visited the Col lege week before last. He is in t he employ of the Armour Company of Chicago. Glen Perrigo,'88, Fort Scott, Kansas, has been spend ing a short vacation at his home in Portland. He called at the College last Friday. William Petrie,'90, m., superintendent of the electric lighting system at St. Johns, Mich., called at M. A. C. with his wife last Wednesday. (J. W. Corey, with '98. m., of'Detroit, spent a few days at the College during vacation. He goes to the Mich. Mining School at Houghton soon. IT. E. Van Norman, '97, as representative of t he State Dairymen's Assn.,will judge the dairy products at t he Ionia Co. F a ir on t he lGth and 17th. E. J oy Heck, '95, w as married recently to Miss Gertrude M. Powell of Monterey. He will remain as principal of the Grandville schools another year. A. L. Bemis, with '83, editor of t he Carson City Gazette, h as been nominated by t he republicans of the eastern district of Montcalm county for repre sentative in the State legislature. M. A. C. men a re taking a very active part in Ionia county politics this fall. C. I. Goodwin, '77, for reg ister of deeds; (Jrant Morse, with '75, for judge of probate; a nd W. K. Clute, '90, for circuit court com missioner, are three of the nominees on the republican ticket. C. P. Locke, '01, opposes W. K. Clute on the tripocratic ticket. The tennis tournament which occurred at t he close of last term—some of t he games running into vaca tion—brought out some very contests a nd developed quite an interest in t he game. Such a tournament held field-day, with good prizes at stake, would not only help develop an interest in this excellent sport a M. A. C, b ut would bring o ut t he best material for t he field-day contests. just before t he annual sharp Eight teams entered in the doubles, in t he finals of Which Briley and Brown won from Crosby a nd True by a score of 5:7, 0:4, 0:4. T he prize to each of t he winners in this contest was a Slocum J r. raquet given by t he Lansing Book and Paper Co. a nd Elliott and Stocoum. Crosby a nd T r ue were each given a pair of white duck pants with belt, by Davis & Co. In t he singles there were sixteen entries and t he games h ad not been finished when school closed. In the first section of t he preliminaries Hagadorne won. In the second J a q u es and Sears each won a set. When J a q u es w as obliged to leave for home and forfeited to Sears. Sears then forfeited to Hagadorne, who received a Delmar raquet from J. I I. Larabee. T he second prize w as a pair of white duck pants given by Elgin Mifflin. ...ALWAYS ON TOP... D A V IS & CO. 1 04 W a s h i n g t on A v e. N o r th 1 04 Our Winter Goods are now in. We will be pleased to show them to you. OVERCOATS, ULSTERS, BICYCLE OVERCOATS, PEA JACKETS AND VESTS, SINGLE AND DOUBLE BREASTED MELTON SUITS, ALL UP TO DATE. Also Full Line of . . . Furnishings and Hats Gome in and m us anyway! To Close at Once! 3 00 p a i rs G e n t s' R u s s et S h o es 3 28 p a i rs L a d i e s' R u s s et S h o es AT COST! REASON FOR CLOSING O U T: T OO M A NY RUSSET SHOES. JlisSOP&SON, C A SH S H OE S T O RK M. A. C. H O L L I S T EE B L O C K. TO OUR FRIENDS S P E C I AL R A T ES ON P H O T OS AT SHARPSTEEN'S STUDIO. Phone 192. New Phone 76. J, G. R E U T T E R, Fresh and Salt Meats Fine Chicago Beef a Specialty. We are Headquarters for all Kinds of Home-Made Sausage. 3 22 Wash. Ave. S. W. S. B A I L EY 109 M I C H I G AN AVE. W _ 6UST0M AND READY MADE CLOTHING IR/. "W\ M O H . S E, . . DENTIST . . ...COLLEGE BUS... Leaves M. A. C. for Lansing at 8:30 a. m. and 1:30 p. m. Returning, leaves Lansing at 10:30 a. m. and 4:30 p. m. And t h at includes everybody who has ever purchased a shingle or a foot of lumber of us, we desire to impress on your mind the fact t h at ««WE HAVE M0VEDIX> In our new quarters, we are better prepared to unload lumber on your premises t h an ever before. Years of experience have t a u g ht us a thing or two about the lumber business, and this experience may possibly be of advantage to you if you think of building. Our facilities are unexcelled and we a r e . at your service. H. W. RIKERD T e l e p h o ne No. 5 1. S u c c e s s or to C a p i t al L u m b er Co. ...My... Neckwear Stock C o n t a i ns a ll t he L a t e st I d e as as to J S H A P E, C O L OR A ND P A T T E RN a nd t he t h an ever before. W o u ld be P r i ce L o w er pleased to h a ve y ou c o me in a nd see i t. B E F O RE P U R C H A S I NG Y O UR F A LL A ND W I N T ER LI TJ TP A l l ow me to s h ow you s o me n a t ty II J 1 I " Lp to D a t e" styles. N o t h i ng b ut reliable q u a l i t i es find p l a ce in my s t o c k. S t u d e n t s' p a t r o n a ge solicited. Packages left at Emery's will receive prompt attention. Livery or Bus for picnics at resonable rates. NEW PHONE H. O. PALMER. . ELGIN MIFFLIN. T HE O U T F I T T E R. HAVE YOU FIVE OR MORE COWS ? If so a " Baby " Cream Separator will earn its cost for you every year. Why continue an inferior system another year at so great a loss? Dairying is now t he only profitable feature of Agriculture. Properly con ducted it always pays well, and must pay you. You need a Separator, and you need t he BEST,—the " Baby." All styles and capacities. Prices, $75. upward. Send for new 1894 Catalogue. THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO., GENERAL OFFICES: 74. CORTLANDT STREET, NEW YORK. THE TENNIS TOURNAMENT. Hollister Block. I i Bllg 3il HE THE M. A. C. BECORB. SEPTEMBER 15, 1896. Wmm MIGHIOflN STATE AGRICULTURAL 60LLEGE. Beautiful Campus of over Eighty Acres. $ • * Ten Well Equipped Laboratories. In all over Forty Buildings. .&»«. «M«. ^ w w w FIFTEEN MINUTES FROM LANSING BY ELECTRIC CAR LINE. Three Courses of Study, Each Four Years AGRICULTURAL, MECHANICAL, WOMEN'S. • W W -W ,Jl£. ife jgfe WW*?!** •M*. «M<- «JU. w ww www ««&<$& *»«. www W W W- ^I«. >M«. ^& w ww w ww w ww .J?A. .JM. «}.'<. @e I U U IY Ol L U l f lL U U U I W L K) °f s ix weeks each given during the winter: DAIRY HUSBANDRY, LIVE STOCK HUSBANDRY, FRUIT CULTURE AND FLORICULTURE, AND WINTER VEGETABLE GARDENING. See Announcements Page 4 for Work of this Term. TUITION FREE TO RESIDENTS OF THE STATE; ROOM • •• • •• RENT VERY LOW, AND BOARD AT ACTUAL C O S T . . . .. m Now is the Time to Begin. The School Year Opens Today. FOR CATALOG AND PARTICULARS WRITE J. L. SNYDER, President, Agricultural College, Michigan