The M. A. C. RECORD • MICHIGAN S T A TE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. V O L. L A N S I N G, M I C H I G A N, T U E S D A Y, J U NE 21, 1904. N o. 39 Y. M. C. A. FINANCIAL REPORT. ALUMNI FOUNTAIN BY OF 1900. CLASS To the State Board of Agricul the faculty, stu ture, members of dents, patrons, and friends of the Michigan Agricultural College, the Class of Nineteen Hundred here with presents the limestone drinking fountain between Williams Hall and the Library Building, as a memorial of said the earnest wish that the gift may serve loyalty and esteem to interpret which the members of the class bear their Alma Mater. class, with the Committee of Arrangements, E L I . IS W. R A N N E Y. TRMA G. C. H. P A R K E R. T H O M P S O NS fountain was officially ac T he the State Board at its cepted by meeting on J u ne 22. It is a fitting and useful memorial and M. A. C. hereby expresses its gratitude to the class of 1900. May its members live long and be sources of useful ness in the world. Y. M. C. A. SECRETARY. faithful worker, has Mr. Bert W e r m u t h, '02, has fin ished the first year as secretary of the Y. M. C. A", and leaves for Ann Arbor to study law. He has been a taken an active interest in the every day life of the student?, has assisted them in their work and has been one of them. His influence has always been for the best in life. T he Y. M. C. A. work has been unified and strength ened; Bible study has flourished and many a young man has formed a higher ideal. H e re is to Mr. W e r- muth's success in the future. F r a nk R. Hurst, Alma, '04, will be here Sept. t to take up the Y. M. C. A. work. He is an athlete and a student and is well known at M. A. C. He will spend the vaca tion at the Lakeside Summer Con ference. During the past year he was president of the Y. M. C. A. at Alma. HENRY W. GELLER. It is not often that M. A. C. has foreign the honor of graduating This year H e n ry W. students. the degree of Geller was given bachelor of science, having success fully completed the regular agricul tural course. Air. Geller came here in 1900 from Focshani, Roumania. lan He soon guage and worked with great per sistency He represented his society in the orator interested ical contest and was in the College. of the general Everybody respected him on ac count of his manly qualities and high ideals. learned the English and determination. life to return Mr. Geller expects to Roumania about the middle of Sept ember to take part in his last mili take tary maneuvers, which will about this three months. After he intends to devote himself to agri the culture C r o wn Domain. He has applied connection with in to the Bohemian parliament for an extension of his military furlough for another year in order to work for his master's degree. In case this is not granted he will visit the chief agricultural sections of the U. S. and go by way of San Francisco to inspect the Baron Hirsch lands and colonies in the Argentine Republic. F r om here he will leave for France and then go to Roumania. farewell Mr. Geller extends to the M. A. C. faculty, students and friends a heartv and wishes all a that prosperous future. He hopes M. A. C. people visiting Europe will not fail to see Roumania, the country of Carmen Sylva, and become more and more acquainted with the pros perous Roumanian people, known in R o m an times as "Felix Ducia." and His address while in the U. S. will be 206 Chamber of Commerce, Chicago, Roumanian address will be Focshani. M. A. C. wishes Mr. Geller abundant success and large opportunities for useful ness. his T he resources of the year were as follows : " Faculty Subscription?. . . . $562 50 230 25 Student Dues from Membeis 200 .00 Advertising in Handbook, Directory, etc., All Other S o u r c e s .. 75 66 65 25 . . .. R E C E I P T S. Faculty Subscriptions . . Student « Other Sources $I J33 66 .. .. $3S7 217 161 7^ 6s 42 25 ^0 66 ?=? $907 oS D I S B U R S E M E N T S. CAPS AND GOWNS. P U R P O S E. •<*ii throughout Caps and gowns were introduced into the United States by a small college at Sewannee, T e nn , some fifty years ago. Since that time the craze has spread the the custom United States till now has become well nigh universal. It was transplanted from Europe and is an attempt to ape European aris tocracy. From present indications the high schools of the state will be the next symbol. Nobody knows what it means un less it is supposed to set men and women apart. T he custom un doubtedly goes back to the idea that luxury, pomp, a education means is opposed grand march, and to in is defined Education work. America as the power to be useful, to be of service in the world, to do things. to wear this the only Michigan So far the University of Michi gan and the Benton Harbor college institutions are that have succumbed. T he nearest M. A. C. comes to it is in the im pressive ceremony of the Juniors, known as the " night shirt parade." T he the University have also adopted the latter variation. laws at W h en America ceases to imitate fads, caps and gowns will be made a thing of the past. Let us hope for the best. ' 0 1. Married, A r t h ur H. Hayes and Jeannie Adams Sherrard, at Homer, Michigan. T HE R E C O RD wishes them success and happiness. 'SS. G. L. Teller, chemist of the Col umbus Food Laboratory of Chica go, has been elected chemist of the Arkansas Experiment Station. Mr. Teller held this position before leav ing for Chicago. '93- Mrs. P. B. W o o d w o r th and her two boys are spending the summer at the home of Mrs. O. Clute in St. Louis. Social Dept Bible Study Dept Membership Dept Missionary Dept Devotional Dept Conventions. State Work National Work General Secretary Janitor Handbook Furniture Printing. Dailies and Magazines.. Electric Liglits Miscellaneous .i„ .. $25 00 IS 00 10 00 10 00 50 00 75 00 25 00 10 00 COO 00 1G 10 75 00 00 00 19 41 12 00 17 53 47 00 $18 84 12 74 6 25 42 81 04 91 25 00 450 00 10 10 68 75 45 50 19 41 12 00 17 53 32 55 $0 1(! 5 20 3 75 7 19 5 69 150 00 6 25 14 50 14 45 Totals S1070 04 $S32 39 $237 05 B E RT W E R M U T H, Gen. Sec'y. T he Michigan postmasters held a very successful convention in Lan sing last week. C. B. Collingwood, '85, was elected vice president and H. A. Hopkins, with ' 9 1, secretary- treasurer. T he work around the new power house and the tunnel is getting along fairly well with the exception of the foundation for the chimney. Diffi culty was expected here but not quite so serious. T he soil is quick it has been found almost sand and satisfactory impossible chimney will be progress. T he circular in form, 125 feet in height and 6 feet in diameter, inside. to make by for the spent there, instructor G. Masselink gave the commence ment address at Fostoria last Friday the evening. W h i le going afternoon was in company '04, looking over with L. F. Bird, the the grounds and buildings of school the deaf and dumb at Flint. We were very pleasantly entertained in printing and by Mr. Stewart, man team. T he football ager of school is doing some excellent w o rk lines and espe along educational cially T he training. in manual grounds are neat and well kept up, the class rooms are well lighted and the samples of work done showed skill and artistic ability. T he football team will play a practice game here early in October. T he manager claimed that their team would be light this year. the 'S3- Geo. S. J e n ks is manager of the American Sheet and Tin Plate Co. of Pittsburg. He that he is unable to be present at commence ment on account of business. regrets '?«. Pres. K. L. Butterfield of the R h o de Island Agricultural College article on has a very interesting " R e c e nt Progress in Rural Life," in the " M i c h i g an Alumnus." Pres. Butterfield has made this subject a is considered an special study and authority on all rural sociological questions. He is working on a book along this line at present. '95- H. R. Parish designs hulls T he Mongolia for steamboats. and Manchutia are both on the ocean at present. J u st now he is working on the U. S. cruiser, Washington. He has been very successful in his work. T he above boats are 600 x 65 x 51-3 in., carry 346 first, 6S second and 1,300 steerage passengers and require a crew of 216. Each boat has a displacement of 26,370 tons. W i th '96. J o hn M c P h ee has been promoted to warrantee machinist on the N ew Orleans. He secured this position as a result of a competitive examin ation. Out of 208 applicants, five passed stood and Mr. M c P h ee second. J u ne Married, on 18, E. E. Gallup to Miss Blanche M : E w en of A nn Arbor. Mr. Gallup has been taking a course in pedagogy and related suhjects during the past year at the university. Congratula tions. '97- H. A. Dibble is connected with the co-operative association grange store of Allegan. W h en he next visits M. A. C. he will bring with him Clarence Heck Dibble, who has some the idea of entering within next 20 years. ' 0 1. H. T. Thomas is in Lansing and is associated with R. E. Olds in the development of the peat industry. Miss Celia A. Harrison, for one year dietician at the university hos pital and later in charge of domestic science in Adrian, has just complet ed a successful year in Duluth. T he favor JVezvs- Tribune makes very able comment on her work, which has been not only theoretical but also useful. L y m an Carrier is at the College this week. He closed a successful in Elyria, Ohio, last year of work week. Next year he will be in Union Academy, Belleville, N ew the Y o r k, where he has accepted science position. W i th '03. Miss Theodora Wardwell has science been teacher in the Detroit public schools. re-elected domestic THE M. A. C. RECORD. P U B L I S H ED E V E RY T U E S D AY D U R I NG T HE C O L L E GE Y E AR BY T HE M I C H I G AN S T A TE A G R I C U L T U R AL C O L L E GE EDITORS. G. MASSELINK, M A N A G I NG E D I T O R. A S S O C I A TE E D I T O R S: H. ft. HORXBECK, 'Ma. L. T. CLARK, '04a. C. D. STERLING, '05m. BESS K. PADDOCK, '05w. G. F. TALLADAY, '05a. R. C. POTTS, '06a. GRACE BRAHAM, sp. w. E. B. McKENNA, '06m.. ANNA PICKETT, 'Oiiu. Subscription, 50 cents per year, Remit by P. O. Money Order, Draft or Regis tered Letter. Do not send stamps. Address all subscriptions and advertising mat ter to the College Secretary, Agricultural Col lege, Mich. Address all contributions to the Managing Editor. Business Office with Lawrence & Van Buren Printing Co., 122 Ottawa St. E., Lansing. Mich. Entered as second-class mail matter, Lansing, Mich. T HE M. A. C. RECORD. T he " r u b s" are good and fairly well scattered. If you are hit hard, thank God, it is a sign that you are still alive. Some of the poetic contributions show real merit. We refer especi ally to the poems by Dr. Edwards, Prof. Barrows, and M r. Yaple, though some of the minor poems are by no means to be sneered at. Many of the sketches are excel lent. T a ke it all in all, we believe it to be the best annual ever pro duced at M. A. C. T he book contains a total of 224 pages, is handsomely printed on ex tra heavy enameled paper, by the Lawrence & V an Buren Printing leather Co., and is bound in black ette, with gold embossed stamps on front cover. A fine addition to any library. COMPARATIVE BOILER TRIALS. to the difference the gain attributable a considerable saving in fuel, for we have a total gain of 27 per cent, in fuel cost (from in cost per 1000 pounds of water evaporated in each case) of which the stoker gains 16.2 per cent, so that the boilers is 10.8 per cent. T he hand firing on these tests was somewhat better than the boilers ordinarily get so that gains in favor of the new boilers would probably be seen in the long run than these tests show. interest is the total saving to the College which would result in an average year, if we assume the same results from the boilers at the Women's Building and Bath House as were obtained from No.'s 5 and 6. T he total coal con sumed is about 4000 tons, yearly, costing $12,600 at the prices paid during the winter of 1903-4. A 27 per cent, gain means $3402 each y e a r .— S. E. J O H N S ON and W. S. M E R I C K. Another feature of lar bulletin on soil bacteriology which will be published in the near future. He has made a host of friends at M. A. C. and all unite in wishing him success in the near fu ture. On J u ne 22, it was 45 years since Dr. Beal was graduated from the state university. As secretary of the class, he is making strenuous efforts to secure a reunion. Out of 39 who graduated, 23 are living to day so far as known. J u d ge Wil kinson, J u d ge Eraser and Dr. Mc- Graw, of Detroit, J u d ge Grant, of Lansing, R e v. W . J. Swift, of North Lansing and Prof. Daniel Satterth- waite, of Adrian, are the Michigan representatives of the class. formerly Gottlieb Reutter, a popular meat dealer at M. A. C, has again purchased his old shop on Washington Ave., south. He has done all the slaughtering for the college in connection with the meat tests, buys nearly all of the fat stock and has done a large club and private T he business college community will be pleased to hear of his return to business and we are certain that he will get his share of the trade next fall. several years. for T he grange lecture bulletin for J u ne is a pamphlet by Dr. Beal on grasses. He dwells on the fact that the is usually neglected, gives a description of a typical grass and also of a blade of grass. study of grasses " In selecting forage plants the following rank high in many places tried: R ed where they have been alsike clover, mammoth clover, orchard grass, tall oat grass, timothy, red top, tall meadow fes cue. clover, low " F or lands, red top, fowl meadow grass and alsike clover are unusually good, with a little June grass. the weather Prof. Taft arrived from St. Louis on Monday morning. He reports everything as very promising and satisfactory at the Exposition. T he attendance is constantly increasing, each week showing an advance of the previous over about 60,000 week. T he exhibits are all in place and has been very pleasant. Frequent showers have moderated the temperature and have in fine shape. M r. kept the lawns Dean is doing well. T he agricultural exhibits seem the most attention. Prof. Troop, '78, is there as a member of the jury on horticultural awards. Prof. U. P. in Hedrick, '93, will August. Prof. C. P. Close, '95, will act in the same capacity later on. H. E. Van Norman, '97, A. '00, and Howard Sever Knechtel, ance, '04, are also in St. Louis. to be drawing judge fruit S. F. E d w a r d s, for the past five years instructor in bacteriology at M. leaves to enter Ann Arbor A. C, next fall. He will take medicine as a foundation for further work in his chosen science, bacteriology. Dur ing.his stay at M. A. C. he has been faithful and loyal to the institution, tactful in the handling of students, patient and persistent in the work. Dr. Marshall regrets the loss of Mr. E d w a r d s' services, but congratulates him on his decision to further per fect himself in bacteriology. M r. Edwards sug gestions in regard to the application of the science, and has in this way contributed much to the department. He had entire charge of the work during Dr. Marshall's year of study in Europe. He has written a popu has made many " To investigate independently for the purpose of finding out what new or unfamiliar grasses to grow, try a small patch of each by itself, cut, cure, weigh and feed; consider all points of excellence and defect, and if found worthy, make it one of the six to ten or more species to use in a mixture. therefore " N ot infrequently the remark is made that some grass is hard on the land, some other kind should be grown. As a rule it is safe to grow the grasses which are believed to be hardest on the land; they gather in materials which are most beneficial to animals, which can only appropriate a very small proportion of the good things con tained, the rest going into the manure and back onto the field." The Latest and Best Creation in Confections Wilson's Bitter Sweets TRY T H EM AT WILSON'S SUGAR BOWL, 106 Washington Avenue South. This paper is occasionally sent to non subscrib ers. Such persons need have no hesitation about taking the paper from the post-office, for no charge will be made for it. The only way, however, to secure the paper regularly is to sub scribe. TUBS DAI', JUNE 21, 1904. GLUCK AUF. " W h a t e v er T he Junior Annual * in Professor Edwards is dedicated to D r. Howard Edwards, for four teen years professor of English Lit languages at erature and modern M. A. C. it may con truth or merit, we frankly tain of confess due to his inspiring influ ence; whatever else it may contain * We rec is none of his. * the ognize * spirit of the true teacher. * * We have each individually felt that mental and moral stimulus which comes from personal contact with an earnest and well equipped man. We have felt that we could at any time and in any place draw on his full store of culture and knowledge. public We acknowledgement of our indebted ness to him." therefore make this influence T he alumni of M. A. C. who have had the good fortune to come for under Dr. Edwards' the past fourteen years heartily en dorse the above sentiments. Edu cation with Dr. E d w a r d s, means growth and development along all in the moral lines, but especially and spiritual realms. His influence has been large and we wish for him many more years of usefulness at M. A. C. You can say all you please about technical education, if moral development is lacking it is of small account. Dr. Edwards be lieves in the new education, and takes advanced ground in the devel life which opment of the higher should be the ultimate end of all ed ucational institutions. junior T he annual is of superior merit. T he is exceedingly strong and has done its work well. Congratulations ! class T h e re are many good things in the annual, but those which deserve special mention are articles by Pres. K. L. Butterfield, ' 9 1; A. C. Bird, 'S3; R av S. Baker, '89, and Prof. G. A. Goodenough, '91. A ny one of the above articles is worth the the entire volume. T he price of technical last named has a very treatise which will be difficult for the " a g ," but which is none the less valuable. Air. Bird's character ization of Dr. Kedzie contains many fine touches and presents this sturdy pioneer from the standpoint of the student. feed in which T he following summary of results was taken from a thesis prepared by W. S. Merick and S. E. Johnson, Seniors. T he main Engineering purpose of the test, among other things, was to determine the saving incident or expense to the College to the new installation of marine boilers Nos. 10 and 11, equipped with J o n e s' under stokers, against the old tubular boilers, hand :• fired. It is of interest to note some of the saving is the ways made in fuel consumption by the new boilers. T he heat lost in the ash under the old boilers is 6.8 per cent of the total heat of the coal, determined by the ratio of the total heat units in the ash to the total heat units in the coal consumed in the long tests, while under the new boil ers it is 0.3 per cent, or a difference of 6.5 per cent in favor of the new boilers because of the mechanical firing. Since the efficiency of the new boiler from the data is 75.4 per cent we have a gain of 75.4 per cent of 6.5 per cent or 4.9 per cent more heat from the coal turned into steam. T he stokers consuming 6.2 per cent of the steam we have a balance of 1.3 per cent against the stokers. T h us assuming that no other gains in efficiency are made by the stokers and it is probable that all of the 1.3 per cent will be gained in the smoke that It would consumed. this was the only saving made by the stokers from that the flue gas analyses are the same in both cases, showing no imperfect combustion and the same excess of air. the fact appear T he difference in the price of the coals used is 19 per cent, and this coal is 92 per cent, (from the calori fic power of the two coals) as effec tive for heating as the lump, so we gain here 17.5 per cent, in cost. this the assumed bal Deduct from the ance of 1.3 per cent, against stokers, and we have a saving of 16.2 per cent, made by the stokers and which can be assigned directly to them. T h en also there is the sanitary advantage of smoke consumption, the stoker firing showing no smoke at the chimney unless run at an overload, and then very little, while a dense smoke occurs at each firing with hand fired boilers and lasts for some time. Where the same coal is used in either case the smoke con sumption would seem to be practi cally the only gain with the stokers. See photographs for comparison. T he boilers themselves also show THE IVL A. C. RECORD. 3 COMMENCEMENT. T he exercises began with the baccalaureate sermon on Sunday, J u ne ig, which was well attended, and ended with the conferring of degrees by Pres. Snyder on Wed nesday, J u ne 22. T he different events were pleasant and everything passed off successfully. T he society reunions were enjoyed by a large number of both active and honorary members. T he reception given by President and M r s. Snyder on Tuesday evening was attended by the seniors and their friends, mem bers of the faculty and their wives, and by numerous Lansing citizens. rooms were tastefully decor T he ated, the refreshments consisted of ice cream, cake, and punch, the music was good and all got ac quainted and had an enjoyable time. Commencement day opened very the auspiciously, especially standpoint of weather. T he follow ing program was rendered: from Music. Invocation, R e v. R. C l a r e n ce Dodds, D.D. Vocal Solo, T he Skylark, P. A. Schnecker—Miss Maud Staley. Address, T he Making of Our (Agri Business, A r t h ur B. Rogers, Course). cultural Address, T he U t i l i z a t i on of Waste, Sidney E. Johnson, (Me chanical Course). Address, T he Evolution of Womanhood, Marguerite Barrows, ( Women's Course). Piano Solo, Valse Arabesque, T h. Lack, M r. Neal P e r r y. Address, President H. C. W h i t e, (Georgia Agricultural and Mechan ical College). Vocal Solo, T wo Irish Songs, showed I I. Loehr, Miss Maud Staley. Conferring of degrees. T he musical selections were well received and deservedly so. T he addresses by the members of the graduating class careful preparation and were given in a very pleasing w a y. T he orator of the day was Dr. H. C. W h i te of Georgia. His address was scholarly, well delivered, and was accorded to undivided attention finish. It has been pronounced by those competent to judge as the best commencement address ever given at M. A. C. It is with pleasure that the R E C O RD presents it to its readers. T he educational future of the South is in safe hands as long as such men as Dr. White take a lead ing part. from start T he degree of Bachelor of Science was conferred upon the following: Adelman, Arthur, m, Chesaning. Alger, Archie R., m, N e w a y g o. Armstrong, Elvine L., w, Oke- mos. Balbach, Edward, m, Grand R a p ids. Baldwin, Robert J ., a, Brown City. Barrows, Marguerite, w, Agricul tural College. Bird, Lewis F ., a, Millington. Brody, Clark L,, a, Corey. Brunger, Clifford I., a, Grand Ledge. Button, Don B., a, Farmington. Carleton, William F ., m, Hills dale. Carter, Albertus R., m, Neway go. Clark, Lawrence T ., a, Howell. *Cordley, Bessie E ., w, Pickney. Dodge, Arthur C, m, Lansing. Flint, Paul N ., a, Cement City. Geller, Henry W ., a, Focshani, Roumania. *Deceased, June 8, '04. Gurney, Dayton A ., m, Caro. H a h n, Harvey D., a, Brookfield. Hornbeck, H. Newton, a, Croton. H o w a r d, George V ., m, Union City. J o h n s, Elizabeth, w, W i x o m. Johnson, Sidney E ., m, Lansing. Knickerbocker, Jesse P ., m, Clio. Lee, J e w e l, w, Laingsburg. Loew, Fred A ., a, Agricultural College. Maltby, Robert D., a, Brighton. Martin, George E ., m, Hartford. McMullen, George S., a, Grand Ledge. M c W e t h y, Leslie B., a, Traverse City. Merick, Wendel S., m, Flint. Millar, Wilson F ., m, R ay Cen ter. Morbeck, George C, a, Ingalls. Palmer, Jessie K., w, Kalkaska. Pierce, Paul B., m, Bear Lake. Prost, Jacob H ., a, Lansing. Robbins, Gerald G., m, Gladwin. R o g e r s, A r t h ur B , a, Caro. Rosenberry, Alvin A., a, Oak P a r k, Illinois. Ross, H e n ry T ., a, Milford. Sanford, F. Hobart, a, Albion. Schneider, Henry J ., m, Lansing. Schreiber, Herman, a, Washing ton, D. C. Seelye, Elric, A ., a, Davison. Severance, Howard S., a, South Lyon. Slaght, Gertrude, w, Grand Blanc. Slaght, Katherine, w, Grand Blanc. Taber, Melbert, W ., m, Oakhill. Taft, Grace H ., w, Agricultural College. Taylor, Charles 15., a, Oxford. Thompson, W'illiam O., a, In dianapolis, Indiana. W a l k e r, H a r ry G., Grand Blanc. W h i t e, George W ., m, Solon. Woodbury, Charles G., a, Lans ing. Wright, William J ., a, Webber- ville. Of these, 27 graduated from the agricultural course, 19 from the mechanical and 9 from the women's. COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS BY DR. H. C. WHITE, OF THE AGRI CULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA. T h r o u gh the kind courtesy and kind partiality of your distinguished President and Faculty I am honored with the privilege to speak to you todav the final words which shall proclaim to the world the augmenta tion of its ranks of efficient workers by one more file of young Ameri cans, qualified for their labors and stamped with the approval of a cus todian of A m e r i c an intellectual honor, an American college. I come to you for the purpose from a far- distant state of our great republic and from a far-distant sister institu tion of learning. F r om both—from Georgia, by express personal direc tion of her chief executive, and from Georgia's University by formal resolution of its faculty—I bring a message of fraternal admiration and the esteem; of happy estate of your great Com monwealth, of cordial wishes for your institution's prosperity and peace. felicitation upon In coming hither I have been pro foundly the con impressed with sciousness that I have traversed a length of miles almost as great as that which separates the most wide ly parted of European capitals, have entered within almost as many auton omous political establishments as there are states of E u r o p e; have witnessed such variety of productive industry, such number of great cit ies and such multitudes of busy men as may scarcely be matched by equal time of travel anywhere on earth; but equally impressed that, in my coming,no frontier posts have barred or interrupted my continuous jour ney, no passport been required to sanction my entering in and my coming out, no lexicon been needed to interpret a varying speech, no armed guard or statute of the law been met to dispute the freedom of my transit. stories of contrary Differences I have marked, it is true; of physical features of the land, of product of the soil, of cli matic character, of minor custom. Myriad monuments I have seen along the way, each emblazoning a record of heroic deed and patriotic sacrifice, and yet recounting differ ing impulses which led to exhibition of a common bravery in a courageous conflict among those whom they commem orate. T he newspapers I have read along my route have told—with large degree of exaggeration, no doubt, and affrighting vehemence of everybody good-naturedly understands and by which nobody is seriously aggrieved —of differing sentiments upon a va riety of present public questions among the peoples through which I have passed. expression which in indubitable proof And yet, despite these differences —material or sentimental, past or present, grave or light—which serve but to accentuate essential lack of everywhere, from one difference, end to the other of my journey, I have found that American labor is straining its unit ed energies to make this ample con tinent a land of plenty; that Ameri can statesmen are consecrating their to the endeavor to united wisdom make this great republic a land of law and order; that the American people are standing united and un shaken their determination to make their common country a land of liberty enlightenment and peace. And since my coming, fresh from similar scenes to this in a similar institution more than a thousand miles away, stopping en route as honored guest of others, I have indeed, I come to know, which, the that believed, previously American college man, despite his minor differences, is generically and specifically same, wherever found, whether born and bred be clouds neath which hang above the Gulf, or under the clear, azure skies which catch their beauty and their witchery from" the reflected splendors of the Lakes. T he same in cheerful courage, in unquestioning buoyant faith, hope; believing in his country, be lieving in himself; ready to do his part in the great business of the world and abundantly able to do a man's full share by reason of his unique and great possession of heredity, environment and oppor tunity. Most admirable, and cause of great gratification is this similarity in characteristics of the American college youth, in whatever portion of the country trained. Similarity in high ideal, in confident purpose, in self-trust, in desire and determina tion to achieve for himself and for his people those things which consti tute the genuineness of a nation's wealth, a nation's strength, a nation's peace. langurous the soft, the in of the several American colleges wherein the American College men are trained. In fulfillment of their function some use mainly the agency of letters: some make chief employ ment of the potent enginery of ab stract science; some find appropriate instrument in the processes of tech nical arts; and some, like yours and mine, youngest, but rather lusty and vigorous members of the great fam ily of American colleges, see fitting pabulum for intellectual growth in industry of t he the great basic American people. But whatever the process and whatever the im mediate method, the ultimate and larger purpose is the same—to train the nation's youth, in unity of pur pose, if in diversity of effort to do the nation's work. results It would be entirely proper; it might be profitable; it is cjuite usual on such occasions, to make some one of the differences to which I have referred the theme of the dis course of this moment. A tempt ing field is offered me especially in the peculiar characteristics of our land-grant institutions, which differ them, in a measure, from entiate other American colleges. I doubt if even those w ho will be graduated today as chief beneficiaries of the instruction of this great admirable institution, which stands foremost among those of its class, fully ap preciate the uniqueness of their po sition among the intellectual forces of the world. T he development and growth in genuine utility of the agricultural colleges of America, both in their departments of instruc their de tion—the colleges—and partments of research—the experi ment stations—as factors in educa tion, as factors in productive industry, has been simply amazing; no lesser word is adequate to the description. T he history, in detail, of the great endeavors of the 1st quarter century by which their present great useful ness and sound merit were achieved is most interesting and well worthy the dedication of an hour's thought. T he inspire sentiments of abounding pride and heartiest admir ation. T he history is worthy per petual remembrance as a record of the indomitable energy, patriotic service and philan thropic self-sacrifice of the men w ho made it. Some part of the utility of their service is known of all men. To the intelligent engagement of the men and women educated in these schools in the productive in dustries of the nation a large part of the present material prosperity of our country is unquestionably due. T he records will attest it. Those (both at home and abroad) who make a business of enquiring into causes in such matters, affirm it. that alert, keen-sighted, just- And minded and discriminating exalted personage, the present President of the United States, has himself de clared it in public speech. (Gentle men, in the event you should con sider these remarks as in any way eulogistic of our distinguished Chief Magistrate, and the newspapers should get hold of it, perhaps I ought to say, as a measure of self- protection when I go home that my justification to myself, if any is needed, is found in the fact that, al though the political party which produced him was born in Michigan, the mother who produced him was born in Georgia—so we bear an equal share, perhaps, in the praise or blame, whichever it may be.) superior wisdom, Differences, also, there are indeed in the specific character and purpose But this is not the whole, or even the better part of the services of r 4 THE M. A. C. RECORD. less A contributory these the last institutions. Within few years, I limit it to ten, at most, these col the men sent forth from leges have demonstrated, happily, in the centennial season of the immortal sage, the fulfillment of the prophecy of America's greatest philosopher, Emerson, that to the making of the American Scholar, nature would be than found no books. system, evolved in patience and wisdom in institutions, wherein the arts, these the processes, the phenomena of a great industrial calling which has to do fundamentally with nature, are utilized as material for intellectual training and.intellectual growth, is their unique and magnificent contri bution of American brain-power, to the pro duction of the American Scholar. development pedagogic the to endeavor inappropriate, at T he young gentlemen who will be graduated today are among the first fruits of a unique and success to ful American link American scholarship to American industry. Therefore I have thought this happy it not season which marks the finish of one more formal period of the labors of all our colleges, to address myself larger to the consideration of purpose which animates them all, and in which our peculiar group has a share. the to time At such the ranks of reasoners and should be called the great body of Even to one accustomed to regu lar recurrence of such events, the graduation of a scholar from his school is an occasion of profoundest interest and gives birth to senti ments both glad and sad. Glad, be cause one more young warrior has been added to those who battle for Truth and l e a r n i n g; is as yet sad, because the warrior untried, and apprehension subdues the enthusiasm of his setting forth. it is usual, as it is proper, that some veteran from the ranks to speak words of counsel, encouragement his younger and admonition brothers. Collegiate education has for its primary purpose 'the making of men— and not alone for the sake of the individual man, but for the large. sake, also, of humanity at One of its fundamental functions is the training of a class—necessarily a relatively small and select class—of accurate observers, correct thinkers, conscientious clear workers, to whose custody is to be committed the world's Learning; the Science of the time; the organized knowledge of the human race; the rational de ductions by human intelligence from ages of observation and experience. But for such a class, constantly recruited and perpetuated, science would be impossible, learning un known, and wisdom and understand ing would vanish from off the face the earth. And, lacking science and learning, wisdom and understand ing, our industries would perish and level of brutes. man sink to absolute the T he necessity to humanity of such a class is attested by the large share of the material accumulations of human individ labor, both communal and ual, which, not created by them, has yet been set apart and devoted to their culture and perpetuation. T he Racial end justifies equity necessity and demand and age justify this peculiar dedication of some part of the racial wealth. It is really an act of racial selfishness, not an un the selfish individual it is rightly called philan- t h r o p h y; in the community it comes the means. fundamental value, nay, to charity. in every largess the In to this rich nigh to being the highest form of wisdom. Each succeeding age has a right to demand of that preceding, this provision for its welfare. And, on the other hand, of shrines of their innumerable those who, happily by qualification and merit, are admitted select learning, class of the custodians of humanity has a right to demand a recognition of the responsibility of the the trust commensurate with sacrifices through which it was be and stowed. T he countless faith, which hallowed point to spires heaven; the massive temples of the l a w; great halls of legislation; an cient academic groves wherein are stored such garnered wealth as may not be measured in the fleeting stand ards of changing times; great train ing schools of special science; for sustenance of which the labor of the race as freely given were not erect ed by and for the exclusive benefit of the priest within the sanctuary, the judge upon the bench, the plead er at the bar, the teacher upon the the rostrum, the investigator within laboratory. No. T h ey the willing contributions from mankind at large for the sustenance of faith, the preservation of justice, the main increase of tenance of equity, the learning, the search for truth and the perpetual holding fast of so much thereof as may be found. the prosecution of are it for that equity acquire, employ It is of the essence of true and reciprocal the scholar should of right demand of the world provision for his scholastic training, that the world should of rightdemand of the scholar that he shall preserve the learning he pure and undefiled may the transmit it benefit of humanity and to succeding without diminution generations. More than that. " T he thoughts of men are widened with the process of the suns." Each age must add to the store of science, the organized knowledge, of that which went before. F or these additions, truly valuable and permanent of in the character, the scholars must Every main be held responsible. has too, who man, and woman to a limited degree, received, even collegiate in a shares, measure and proportionately, these responsibilities of the selectmen of the the race. extent of meeting the responsibility may vary, it is true. Other prefer ence, indisposition, inaptitude, neces sity and oftentimes a higher duty throw many who, otherwise, might and would be glad to devote them the service of selves exclusively to Science (in its highest sense) into the ranks of the material workers the and wealth race. T he manner and accumulators of training, But these ma}', should, and often do render service as conservators of them are those learning. A m o ng most liberal, wise and earnest in ad vocacy of the provision of agencies by which science may be preserved. It is curiously true that oftentimes and in many minds, the value of agencies of higher learning is esti mated exclusively by the number and character of these, their contri butions to the toiling millions who the material wealth of accumulate the community. Undoubtedly these are potent factors in material growth and able leaders in industrial enter prise; and that their influence upon society is enormous for good is be yond dispute; and, if this were all the product, even upon this might be based a conclusive argument for the maintenance of learning at pub lic charge. the things But this is not the whole of the service of science to the state. Of far greater value than accumulated material wealth, great or small, is the rational understanding of the proper uses to which wealth may be put in civilizing, refining and uplift race; in furthering ing the human its happiness, peace and j o y; in quickening to full enjoyment of their intelle:tual exquisite pleasures and spiritual lives of men, possession of which alone gives to man domin ion over the other living things of earth and links him alone of all cre to the "Divinity which ated orders Nature." This is the precious heritage of the ages, compared with which, in value, the accumulated material riches of a modern world the priceless are insignificant; this acquisition of the human race, the sole persistent, indestructible product countless centuries of mighty of labor. To preserve this undimin the perpetual service of ished humanity; to transmit it unimpaired to is worthy and calls for the dedication of some part of time, the pur the pose and the labor of every college man who is conscious of his rightful obligations and honest in desire to meet them. those who are yet to come for it their life-work T r ue it is that many college men after enter upon graduation moved by other consid erations than the unselfish desire to be of the world's custodians of learn that ing. is so. As It is well is, the progress of human nature learning would be, perhaps, impos sible if absolute unselfishness were a fundamental requisite for its pros ecution. But whatever motive has led a man to enter upon an avoca tion, which is in anv degree an in tellectual, or a learned pursuit—and surely, in this da)', we may claim so much for agriculture—; whatever the purpose for which he follows it; if he be an honest man he must at least acknowledge the obligation that is upon him to use its learning worthily; to preserve its purity, and, if he cannot add to its store of truth, yet must abstain from polluting it with error. Those who do so much and thus maintain, per force, the established dignity of learning are at least not unworthy an humble place in the ranks of its defenders. it in all fires of Those who do more and give a portion of their lives and labors un to the search for truth, its selfishly preservation and its propagation, are the great ones of the earth, the lead ers among men, the heroes of the race. To such honorable place, all, however humble, may at least aspire, and if they be worthy men, "within whose breasts Divinity hath kindled noble true ambition," for it they will strive. Greatest among those w h o, not their fellows are content to keep their talent safe and clean within the napkin in which it was received, put out their learning upon an usury to nature, which shall increase it many fold. To add, it may be to human however little knowledge; to increase the sum of learning; to go one step or more beyond the beaten path in quest of truth, this is the grandest intellectual acheivement possible to human kind. And yet it is a feat possible, to some in great degree, to some in less, to all to whom even the smallest of the talents have been N ot only possible, but of the good and faithful servant required. intrusted. Happily for you, young gentle It men, just entering upon your trust, encouragement fast follows admoni is a not uncommon but tion. erroneous belief that the progress of human learning has been a series of gigantic strides made by giants with out the the aid and often despite the pigmies of average labors of men. Giants there have been among men, and oftentimes one such has been worth a generation of little men, but much more frequently the seeming giant has been but one among his fellow pigmies fortunate in that upon the accretion of their common labor he has laid the touch which gave it final form and made disclosure of itsfulldesign. Cheops, surnamed the Great, who laid the capstone on Gizeh's mighty pile was not alone the builder of the pyramid, and, though history associates with it no other name but his, tradition tells marvellous the Herculean labors of the men who hewed and raised the massive blocks which make the giant mass. stories of to be d e s c r i b ed And so in the domain of science, the apprehension of those great, im mutable laws which have been so fittingly the " thoughts of God," is not discovery in the sense that some unaided in tellect has of its power w r u ng secrets from unwilling Nature and by its searching found out God. Science and the world have suffered grievous hurt in the times agone by such false conceptions of the way to compass truth. Rather the mould ing of science/the building up of the great firm body of established eter is by the slow addition to nal truth small but the growing mass of to precious grains, fit and worthy form for amid what oftentimes seems univer sal dross; selected, tested, purified, polished and fitted to their proper place, not by skill of individual gen ius, but by the plodding labor of a host of honest, industrious men. In this labor all may join, especially men of learning, trained to the quest, acquainted with the tests and skilled in the arts which establish the gen uineness and purity of the material which may be used. thereof; sought a part In those to whom 1 speak Some may seek; and all who seek in honesty and diligence will find, some greater grains and others less. Some may dress and purify and pol ish; and some, the master-workmen, may fit the accepted grains to proper place to fashion forth the symmetric body of perfected truth. But all contribute to the great result and each is worthy honor for the part he bears. Fame and the honorable rec ognition of his fellow-workers are not the the desert and reward of master-workmen alone, but may be won by meritorious endeavor in any field. the great pursuit which will probably be followed by many today of for ample opportunity the exercise of great art of agriculture all the scien ces is find application. He who so trained in them as to be worthy graduation by his college is no less a scholar than one trained through books and letters for entry into the usually designated "learned profes sions." His possession of true learn ing is no smaller; his obligation as a scholar is no less. In many ways he may contribute to the fashioning of the great body of the world's known truth. Indeed, it is doubtful if, for the time, an equal opportunity for great endeavor is offered by any other profession or pursuit. F or he who tills the soil to garner crops of blade or grain, or makes provision is afforded In this service. for the increase of the cattle upon our hills, has to do with living things; and that the subtle processes of great thing which we call life are in a great cloud of still shrouded mystery, only the lifted by to be combined, persistent efforts of many workers. T he lamp of genius may illumine but not dispel it; its essence is of the unknown, and only knowl edge will surelv no more inspiring quest in search of is offered any scholar. knowledge F or truly has our own great poet sung: it. And resolve "Flower in the crannied wall, I pluck you out of the crannies; Hold you here, root and all, in my hand; Little flower—but if I could understand What you are, root and all, and all in all, I should know what God and man is." Herein lies ready to the hand of every man who follows with intelli gence this great pursuit an oppor tunity to serve Science, in its highest sense, to serve Humanity, to gain renown. T he method of the service is not unfamiliar to the man who is college-bred. To observe accurate l y; to observe persistently; to ex periment intelligently and continu faithfully, and for ously; to record the purpose there is now provided for his use a number of admirable journals and other appropriate pub lications; to keep sympathetic in fellow-workers, touch with all his ' to meet with them in mutual council and to such meetings to bring frtely truly, without pride, and prejudice or bias of opinion, the fruits of his observation and experi ence. faithfully done and the obscurest farmer on the country-side may rival the most learned luminary of any brilliant the ap to profession in his merit plause and gratitude of the learned world. This done and report in to take leaders institutions, the eyes of Mr. President, I risk advisedly and willingly, the imputation of academic dreaming it. the selection of this address. If our peculiar colleges are to secure and maintain a position in the world of equal dignity, acceptability and genuine it utility with other must be demonstrated that the men we train are designed to be not only bread-winners but brain-users; and if our graduates are rank among their fellows as exemplars and the great onward •march of the American people to wards happiness, contentment and renown, they must be recognized not only as directors of our indus tries but as contributors to the high est of the nation. T h at we are worthy, that we are fit, I do not for a mo their peculiar ment doubt. W i th training our graduates need little spur to an expectation to be among the foremost wealth producers of I have thought it not a the people. to suggest waste of wherein their probable calling fur nishes peculiar inspiration to the in tellectual life as well. this occasion acheivements intellectual to its application A n d, sir, among all the children of men none enjoy a larger measure of fitness for intellectual achievement and the use of humanity than these young Ameri cans w ho are going forth from our college halls today. This particular fitness is secured to them in part as a racial heritage and in part because of a certain wise public policy which is distinctively American. If we search deep into the causes of the progress of human kind we find abundant justification for our Amer ican racial pride. Stripped of all T HE M. A. C. RECORD. S from is an intellectual accessories and products it sprung, the one unique, fundamental possession of progressive humanity today, that which has underlain and from which have sprung its great achievements in all lines of human endeavor habit, which we sometimes call "the in ductive method of and t h o u g h t" sometimes, latterly, "scientific the It is a process of observa method." tion, generalization, induction, de it science arrives at duction. By natural to an understanding and interpretation of Nature. By it Letters arrives at Spiritual L aw and essays, in litera Its ture, an interpretation of man. application marks the measure of what we call the progress of the world. T he habit and its uses are to quite and now familiar indeed, simple and commonplace quite general. law and has come us; it; this And yet, the the Persians and intellectual power and the intellectual acumen to devise and acquire intellectual habit have been restricted in the past and are restricted in the present to one only of the races of men—the Aryan —and their lineal descendants. T he Semitic people, w ho drew very near to God and conceived sublime ideals of righteousness, did not possess it; the Assyrian, for all his rigid disci pline of his physical powers did not possess the Arabs, for all the keenness of their intellectual powers; the Egyptian, for all his accuracy of observation of physical and spiritual phenomena; the Hindoo, for all his grandeur of ethical statement, did not possess it, and to the body of true science as interpreter of nature, and of true let ters (except, perhaps, sacred Hebrew books, and despite modern to revivify oriental cults) attempts as interpreter of man, none of them have contributed aught of real and persistent wotth. their pomp of yesterday, is one with Nin- evah and T y r e ." " L o, all the To for the and the Etruscan the Greeks alone, first flowering branch of the Aryan race, was the possession given among the peoples of antiquity, and it is which imperishable made possible Grecian Art, Grecian Letters and Grecian Science, which constitute the preeminent glory of the Greeks among human kind. R o m e, even when she sat upon her seven -hills and ruled the world, did not possess dominated it, Roman blood and the Etruscan came to Italy from Northern Af rica, and was Semitic in affinity, and the R o m a n, for all his preeminent genius for organization and govern the peculiar ment, did not possess intellectual acumen needful to this interpretation of man habit and for and nature. Such science as was possessed by the Romans was an inheritance from the Greeks and no Roman or son of Roman has ever formulated a great generalization of science. flour ished among the Latin peoples was in character and strictly Grecian was exclusively of tutelage, and no purely Grecian Latin poet, for all the sweet singers there were among them, has ever added a new tone or a larger com pass the essential harmony of that "choir invisible, whose music is the gladness of the world." literature as the product Such to into dust leaving as the R o m an Empire has And crumbled its sole intellectual legacy to the world, admirable conceptions of govern ment and jurisprudence, which, we remark in passing, the modern chil incompetent dren of its blood seem the the from tribes and today. Of to apply. And only lineal descendants of this same great Aryan race possess this habit and its conse quent power existing nations the Teutonic peoples are the intellectual d e s c e n d a n ts of the Greeks, as they are perhaps, also, their nearest racial kindred; to these mainly is committed the present-day possession of the habit and the con sequent power of interpretation. It is this which differentiates them, not the alone from savage unhappy nations coming to be called "decadent," swarming hordes of the mystic Orient and the dull lethargic masses of the unimag it may well be inative Slav. And this, perhaps, which predestines them to the physical as well as the intellectual domination of the world. It cannot be accident; it is scarce coincidence; that practically all the intel great immortals wl.o through lectual generalizations have inter preted nature; who through spiritual generalizations have interpreted man —the philosophers and the poets— Plato, Aristotle, Newton, Joule and Darwin in science; Homer, Dante ( w ho was not of Roman blood), Shakespeare, Goethe, in letters, are of this same lineage and blood. Of this great race the American people is no small, no alien, no un worthy part. Foremost in energy; foremost in the sum of its material possessions; foremost in recognition of the true value of such possessions; the freest of living folk to guide its energies as it will, legitimate posses sors of a unique racial heritage they the pro shall surely make good phecy of their own Emerson " W h en the sluggard intellect of this con tinent will look from under its iron lids and fill the postponed expecta tion of the world with something the mere exertions of better than mechanical skill." Gentlemen this intellectual basis is the real and sub stantial foundation for our pride in what we sometimes call our Anglo- Saxon purity of blood. It is this which is the secret of a universal and determined attitude (which is frequently misconceived) of my own fearful the South people of problem of sociology which con fronts If, indeed, as a sage philosopher long ago declared, "the essential course of history is the evo this lution of ethical man," which may give to some of our re cent political ventures a sound ethi cal basis, and it may be no far cry from P l a to the Phillipines or to from Shakespeare to Panama. them. it- is in a the to our the nations rivals to fathom T he American people have made wise provision for the full develop- mens and abundant fruitage of this racial power. W h en England—one foremost of our modern of states—finds, latterly, her supremacy among threatened, she makes diligent and interested inquiry among her the causes of her relative decline. A commission of her distinguished statesmen, men of affairs and educa- cators has recently made a second visit the causes of our great prosperity in recent conclusions have just been given publicity and they find that in last quarter- century, while England has taxed her energies in the development of the sea-power of her empire, and the nations of Europe given over their best endeavors to increase in their militant strength, America has used bountifully of her great resources in the development of the brain-power the "American of her people, and the trade Peril," which shores, seeking years. Their threatens the local Truly, the universal respect and industries of the older countries finds ultimate genesis in our Ameri can system of public education at public charge — in common school, technical school, college and univer sity— and in the self-reliant charac ter of the American citizen, fostered, as the commission believe, mainly in which by public education at public charge is held. the Aryan-descended, English-speaking, self-reliant Amer ican college man has cause to regard his Alma Mater with personal affection, manly admiration and patriotic pride. Gratefully, gentle men, the stranger within your gates, moved to admiration for the many and mighty energies of your great the high Commonwealth and ideals and wise activities of this institution, recognizes the kinship in in destiny, purpose, from Michigan the American citizen and the American college man. to Georgia of in endeavor, for THE CHRISTIAN CONCEP TION OF GREATNESS. I'.Ai C A I - A U R E A TE S E R M ON I:V PICKS'. I E R G U S O N. Luke iz: 27. as he It is a new conception of great ness which Jesus has introduced, " He that is greatest among you let him be as the younger and he that is chief that doth serve." T he This is no isolated statement. same sentiment is variously expressed and the same expressions are used on various occasions. only preeminence to be sought is that of service; let the only contention be who shall serve the most. T he Here crowns is something within reach of all. Here is a spur to the ambi tion of the man or woman of least talents or possessions. You or I may be great in service—great with the greatness of Christ. t h is is the greatness that will last, when thrones and and monuments of marble or bron/.e and the emblazon ry of history and poetry shall have It makes an impress passed awav. on a soul that never dies which in turn impressed other souls that never die. Marble will crumble, bronze will tarnish, other great names loom up to secure the glories of the past, but the soul of man is immortal and what is written there is carried for into the eternities where all ward earthly glories are forgotten. there This new conception of greatness is advancing in the world. Where- ever the gospel goes it goes with is much it. And although that seems like the dominance of the old worldly spirit even in Christen dom and even in the church of Christ, there are signs I believe t o' the that power of Christ's truth and is com ing to consider all things in the light of service to humanity. is yielding the world it Strength has its devotees. We the man of giant all rise up before It sometimes seems as if strength. the whole community were follow ing the man who has an arm like a catapult, or the shoulder of a Her is not so. We pay cules. But the highest homage after all to the man and not tc the brute. We dis tinguish in the final judgment be tween Samson, the deliverer, and the the mere prize Presbyterian Alliance met in Toron to a dozen years ago there was an excursion to Niagara and many of fighter. W h en THE M. A. C. RECORD. their friends the visitors and took part in it. A woman of one of the the companies fell through one of bridges across the Niagara river and caught upon one of the girders and would soon have fallen farther into the rapid stream below. Dr. R a m delegate, quickly say, a Scotch sprang down and reached her in time to save her from falling further. It was a skillful, heroic act that called forth the applause of all and was recognized by a public introduc tion to the assembly next day. Per haps in the athletics of the university he developed that strong arm and that promptness of action. But it was the brave heart and the spirit of service to strength. Men shudder at an act of foolhaidiness and glory in an act of heroism like this. that added nobleness for love for the eyes of many is in Wealth greatness. It certainly means power and influence and great opportunity. And yet apart from high qualities of character, do men highly esteem it in others ? Do we look upon a Croesus or a Rothschild with more of admiration than upon the imper sonal Bank of England? But when Baron Hirsch, with the impoverished, oppressed J e ws of Russia, spends millions their rescue we praise him with one ac claim. When J ay Gould, scarcely purged from the charge of wreck ing other men's fortunes, died leav ing many millions behind him, the woild gave a half-hearted praise to his achievement. But when Helen Gould shows the spirit of sympathy with the nation and the suffering, a nation rises up and calls her blessed. It has come that men of wealth are expected to consider the responsibility of wealth, are placed upon their honor with reference to its use in the service of humanity. T he very highest human greatness the man of is within the grasp of wealth, if he only enter the into spirit of Jesus which enables him to say, " I am among you as he that serveth." this to itself Military and naval prowess have the world of late. filled the' eye of the names of our At mention of heroes men go wild and loud huzzas fill the air. And yt t is not the cause that inspires them with courage as well as the courage in our minds when we make the welkin ring with our tumultuous cheers ? W h en we recall Grant, the most illustrious general of the civil war, probably the first thought of him will be his generosity to a defeated foe and his famous us have sentence — Let peace. Not Julius Caesar or Alex ander the Great or Napoleon, men who scourged the world but Crom well and Washington and Lincoln, men who blessed the world as leaders in the cause of liberty are in the today. W ho thoughts knows the military leaders on either side in the Crimean war, and yet who has not heard the name of Florence Nightingale, the ministering angel of its mangled host and how many have read of Iledly Vicars and Arthur Vaudeleur who stood as bravely for Christ as for the allies! of men the names of W h at makes a nation great? T he same as makes a man or woman service. Wordsworth — mighty sang of old England, his country— "For dearly must we prize thee; we who find In thee a bulwark for the cause of men." To our land has been given a like distinction or even a greater, to be not only a bulwark but a champion of the cause of men. M ay she never forget it, but be an example to the nations; a magnifi the spirit of cent embodiment of Christ, who came to save. to serve and Has it not come this to this in the world of ours, where already regnant that forces are Christian, the Christian conception of great ness has such sway as to make all other ideals subservient to it and in art or literature, in every hero finance or states war or peace, in manship must to greatness by the 'service he renders to mankind. justify his title THE MAKING OF OUR BUSINESS. ORATION 11Y A. li. ROGERS, AGRI CULTURAL DEPARTMENT. Forty-three years ago the first graduate class of a distinctively agri in America gave cultural college their commencement exercises at this place. Since then the voices of selected ones have here sounded the annual passing of a new class into life. Many of them have written their names high on the scroll of fame with successful agriculturalists; many are upon the highway of noble achievement; many have plowed their last furrow, sowed their last seed, struck the last note of their life's song, and have gone to mingle with the infinite. W i th all the en during accomplishment, unparalled achievement, and noble service of prst generations of these cultured in grateful memory, it is with fear of failure and disaster that I stand to to uphold splendid pass on records. in deserving honor, and unsullied their But though the past has been pro that have their lific of master minds to led, studied, arid transmitted fruits to us, yet they have not com pleted this work, nor more than laid bare the wide expanse of knowl edge which is still moving rapidly forward the "advance picket of pro- greys'' in the business of agriculture. Every day come new and glittering facts, digged in the fields of scienti fic agricultural research and stamped in the mints of experience. Each succeeding day locates the business upon a higher plane, unearths some hidden secret of nature, and reminds us that success the rising tide. lies with twelve and Great changes have taken place in the universal conception of, and regard for this business. During its primeval stage it was a more honor able vocation than either trading or In the dawning day mechanic arts. of the Republic we find the " F a t h er of His C o u n t r y" giving expression to the general esteem fcr the busi ness by proudly boasting of his vo cation as a tiller of the soil. T h en came the upheaving times of eigh teen following years, when commerce and manufacturing the developed, when the exodus of took rural population place, when country boys flocked to the cities and towns to fill the mills and offices, when educational insti tutions for the so-called learned pro fessions were widely built and fos tered, and when farming was looked upon as a work which anyone could do without revolu tion gathered momentum as it went and the time soon came when agri culture was regarded simply as a means of getting a living, when they fathers advised their sons that learning. T he to centers should get an education to lift them above and away from the hard drud gery of the farm, and when to mere ly insinuate that one was engaged in farming was to invite anger, if not a blackness around the organ of vis ion. But the pendulum of social, in dustrial or religious development often swings to adverse and opposite extremes in the course of time. So we find agriculture now placed in reality, where it has always been in possibility, among the most attractive a.id uplifting pursuits of man. This return of sentiment was the direct and inevitable result of certain transforming factors within the busi ness. T he failure of crops and the financial distress of eighteen thirty- seven and eight turned the balance of trade against u-~, caused the im portation of millions of dollars' worth of bread-stuffs, and furnished the required stimulus which marked the commencement of active national interest in agriculture. Organiza tions were formed for the promotion of agricultural interests, fairs were soon instituted through the country, large appropriations were made for the collection and distribution of seed, and above all, the universal mind turned to education in the so- called " Bread and B u t t e r" sciences, as the great panacea for the alarm schools ing condition. for, and were vigorously the leading- rapidly established states. Michigan "fifty-four" made provision in her constitution for what became the first agricul tural college in America. Industrial fought in in 7fi 9(t 7p 3p Tfp in lands sixty-two We note a number of wonderful agencies that have contributed most towards the changing of agriculture the unintelligent, haphazard, from wasteful and non-business methods of our forefathers, to the exact and economic system of today. One is the establishment of a national de partment of agriculture in sixty-two. Another was brought about by the untiring efforts of one whose name is written in letters that shine in the mind of every student in our agri cultural colleges, Justin S. Morril. He introduced his second bill in congress providing for the giving of the public to establish colleges of agriculture. At such a time as this, when the plow stood forsaken in the furrow, when the sound of the woodman's ax was stilled, when half a million of the nation's sons had gone to fight for her existence, when thousands of the choicest manhood were daily falling in Confederate dust, when the very sinews of the nation were stretched to preserve its existence in a terrible civil war, and incidentally to rid the expensive country of system of labor ever known, human slavery, and on the very day when under the proud Union A r my McClellen its bloody fled defeat on Malvern Hill, Lincoln signed eleven this bill, granting million acres of the public h.nds for the education of the tillers of t ie soil. the government did not stop But In eighty-seven another bill here. thousand was passed giving fifteen dollars annually from the national treasury to all states that would con duct experiment agricultural station. T he work of these stations in the building has been so helpful to warrant up of agriculture as larger to increase thirty thousand is n ow before congress. installments, and a bill this annual gift to the most from an F or an example of the agent we note, with absorbing fourth in to the solid terest, that a few years ago a national graduate school of agriculture was established for advanced work in the summer by agricultural students and professors. But progress did not it was just now stop here, indeed getting down founda to build. Men, tion upon which like our own L. H. Bailey, have realized that that education is wrong which points a farmer boy away from the farm and leaves him with the impression that the greatest and most productive of all industries Is the least honorable. And they have introduced instruction in agriculture in the rural schools. True, that it came in by subterfuge at first, under the guise of nature study; but only a few weeks ago a representative the farmtrs of our committee of state warmly from recommended this platform the teaching of agri culture in our rural schools. incomplete without at Any treatise on this subject would be least a reference to the influence of machin the ery. W i th surprise we note fact that had R u th come down to our harvest fields during Jackson's term of office, she would have been as familiar with the tools used in har the grain as she was with vesting tho'e used in the fields of Boaz over thirty-one centuries before. N ow a bushel of wheat represents but ten cents' worth of labor. T he creations and of machinery of production transportation hs-s transformed our national life. T he markets of the world have been laid at our doors. T he antipodes have become our These creations have neighbors. increased the power utilized from our natural forces from five million- horse power in the time of " W a t t ," to one hundred and fifty million horse power at the close of the 19th cen T he power now produced tury. the United in annually from coal the male States is more than all adults could produce, working ten hours a day for a century, and who will venture the to prognos'icate future of economic production. forces, just transformations Shall I name another agent that in the has filled no small function making of this business? I refer to the health and aesthetic aspects of rural life. T he man on the farm is closely associated with nature and her forces. He breathes the purest air God has supplied. W h at pleas ure it is to him who knows some to thing of nature's arrange the material setting these forces in motion and have the won derful take place while he sleeps, or goes to the city. Then let him walk forth on one of our beautiful spring mornings in the woods and fields, watching the herds quietly feeding upon the growing green; let him see the bees industri from ously gathering nectar the flowers into new springing bloom, and unconsciously cross-fer tilizing the plants; let him hear the song of the ripple of the water in the confluents beneath his feet; let him see the playful squirrel and cfipmonk scam pering among the newly growing branches; let him fill his lungs full of the living unadulterated air, and if he be a true student of nature, or what not, his very soul will be filled with pleasure and admiration. the meadow lark and just in unison and These numerous agencies work true ing together agriculture taken harmony have its desultory, unintelligent, from haphazard and piitnitive condition of half a century ago, and made it a to "Business," a "Business" second T HE M. A. C. RECORD. 7 none businesses. in the catolog of modern T he distinguishing characteristics these: of a modern business are scientific intelligent management, to natural, application, conformity law, and physical and economic specialization into various depart ments and divisions for the promo in the simple and tion of expertness detailed operations. In agriculture we now have all these characteristics embodied in a wonderful specializa is now divided tion. Agriculture into general farming, dairy and live it includes horti stock specialized culture, which into is fruit g r o w i n g; many branches of vegetable including gardening, winter hot house farm ing, landscape gardening, viticulture, floriculture, apiculture and others, each of which requires its special any training measure of success. pomology, promising farming; before This from specialization has greatly accelerated progress in all directions. Under it our breeds of cattle have three well known increased breeds in 1S70 to seventeen; our breeds of sheep have increased from five to fourteen in the same time; horses from one to eleven, swine to eleven breeds, with from all of which a man must be familiar before he can lay any claim to ex pertness in animal husbandry. three T he packing houses in connection with the stock industry have multi plied from a few wasteful ones in 1S70 to upwards of 920 economic ones, with a capital of two hundred million dollars and an annual output valued at three quarters of a billion dollars, largest possible price to the meat producers. Twice as many animals are now slaughtered each year in the city of the Chicago alone as there are state of Michigan, and American chilled meats, rather the old' salt meats, now figure largely in the world's supply. thus affording than the in of fields; competition, T he educated gardner the uneducated farmer is getting truck patch more from his small from than his broad the educated stock breeder ofetn gets more for a single animal than his education cost him, and the man trained in fruitgrowing has given us all of our superior varieties of fruit and he clears a small fortune from a ten-acre plot in a single season. Because the greatest builder, of an)' business, intensified by refrigerator cars and rapid transit, the peculiar economic advantages of sections have been greatly in sections of the West and Southwest are given up exclusively to the pro duction of but one or two varieties of apples, or but one variety of strawberries; others to nothing but peaches or cherries; while some produce nothing but prunes in train loads, and still the building up and specialization, based upon scientific application, goes forward. T he ac cumulating from all these fields is strewn nation wide by thousands of newspapers, journals and magazines. utilized. Vast areas knowledge T h us it is that the "business" of agriculture has been a "business of businesses," a science of sciences, and an art of arts. To all possessing en ergy and capacity it offers a splendid It field for labor and remuneration. offers and luxuries which were formerly en joyed only by kings and princes. T r u e, there are great and unlimited problems for solution, many of them to him yet beyond our vision, but comforts, conveniences who has here prepared himself to work them out will come the splen did opportunities of the future, and the name of a "master builder in the business." THE U T I L I Z A T I ON OF WASTE. S. E. J O H N S O N, M E C H A N I C AL imperative C O U R S E. T he past thirty years have wit nessed a revolution in the industrial world. T h ey have been years of rapid progress, in which the de mands of the consuming world have ' brought about a competition in the producing world which made impos sible the following up of old meth ods, and rendered that economy which is seen in the utili zation of material and energy which before was wasted, partly because of a lack of demand for the products evolved, but almost entirely because of a lack of knowledge of the scien tific application of forces of nature. T he producer, in his efforts to arrive at the most nearly perfect handling means of economically these waste products has called to his assistance the engineer, the chem in the physicist, the scientist ist, almost every branch, and has con sidered no price it brought to him that which he sought. Governments and corporations, in to develop commerce their efforts and industry have spared no ex pense in overcoming apparently in surmountable obstacles. excessive the if sands from T he question of the removal of the the accumulating mouth of the Mississippi river was a serious problem, involving the life of N ew Orleans as a seaport, and indeed to a large extent the cotton industry of the central south, and vast sums were expended in efforts to deepen the channel by dredging but without avail. Eads evolved in his mind the waste energy of the immense volume of water by narrowing the channel and so to such an extent as to wash out the accumulation by natural means and the problem was solved. the velocity increasing to utilize the plan A large part of the Louisiana Pur chase territory is of surprising rich ness but the climate is so dry that a few decades ago it was known only the agricultural as a desert. But scientist, co-operating with the en gineer, has taken in hand this waste, and by turning aside the waters of rivers which hitherto flowed at will this to desert into one of the richest farming portions of the Union. transformed sea, has the An impetus was given to cotton raising when a means was discovered of utilizing the seed which previous to this time was not merely a worth less refuse but a menacing breeder of noxious germs. N ow the seed is an important item the valuation of in the cotton crop. Petroleum W h en kerosene first came into use there was a reckless waste of the remaining constituents of the petro leum. is composed of a large number of hydrocarbons, of which, because of lack of refining methods, but the one constituent was the petroleum pro utilized. N ow ducts are numerous, exceeding in value the original product sought. We might go on citing example after example in every branch of the industrial world, but the engineering industries that the high est perfection has been reached in the disposition of apparently worth less refuse and the turning of this is in it material into valuable assets. A In that the cleaning of a large city there accumulates a vast amount of refuse, the disposition of which is a serious question, for if left exposed to the open air it is almost certain to breed disease germs. But the engi neer has taken up the problem with this is no longer a the result source of expense and annoyance, but in many cases of actual profit. that Exhaustive tests have shown this refuse has about one-fourth the heating value of coal, and that in a properly constructed furnace it can be made to generate steam for power and heating purposes. In many of the cities of Europe a large part of the expense of lighting is met by this utilization of the waste. study of the mettalurgical working of iron and steel in a blast furnace plant is of interest intense the wonderful when we consider manner in which all the products are made to work together the one end, the production of cheap metal. T he ore, as it comes from the mines, is dumped into the top of the blast furnace, with now and then a load of coke and one of flux. This mixture slowly descends from the comparatively cool upper portion of the furnace to the intensely hot por tion where the iron loses its nature as an ore and is resolved into the formerly iron of the pig and worthless slag. But the pro duction of the intense heat an air blast is necessary. T he air enters near the bottom of the furnace, com bining with the carbon of the coke to form carbonic acid gas, losing part of its oxygen as it ascends and finally emerging from the top of the furnace a mixture of gases, twenty- five per cent, of which is carbon monoxide which still has the capa city of uniting with oxygen and producing two-thirds the heat of the original coke. the for to to T he former method was to allow this gas to escape into the open air, thereby not only wasting much valu able material, but polluting the sur rounding air to such an extent as to often render it unfit to breathe. N ow such methods are not to be thought the of. T he gas, as it comes from the furnace, is con upper part of ducted the regenerative stoves, where, in burning it heats a checker- work of brick to a white heat. T he furnace air blast, on its way to the must pass through this stove and is heated to such a high temperature that it is unnecessary for the heating to be done in the furnace itself and we increase the economy and capac times. ity of More of this gas is produced than can be made use of in the regenera tive stoves, so a portion goes as fuel for the fires under the boilers to gen erate steam for running the blowing engines. further If there be a still excess it may be piped away and used for other manufacturing pur the poses or be used to generate lighting current. furnace many the is it from T he gas carries with the furnace a fine dust of iron ore, which must be removed before the gas is collected, dust burned. This pressed into bricks and returned with the other ore to the furnace. T he apparently worthless slag, coming white hot from the furnace, passes over a stream of cold water which breaks it up into minute particles, and this goes to the cement factory to be made into Portland cement. F or the intelligent application of scientific knowledge to the determin ation of the unseen losses and the means of overcoming them, probably in T he all the steam generating plant offers some of the best opportunities to be found anywhere the world of important engineering. article, heat, has such a faculty of working its way out here and there and losing itself in the outer air that every precaution must be taken to losses. T he coal pile is avoid such the heat pile, a loss of twenty-five percent of the heat means a loss of just that much of the coal cost, yet a steam boiler is doing good service if this it does not allow more than much of the heat to pass by to the chimney. To take up and return to us a portion of this waste heat there the economizer, a has been devised tubes about which pass the nest of their way hot gases on the the inside the water chimney. On fed to the boiler takes up the heat as it passes along. T he thrown away by the exhaust steam pumps may be passed through a feed water heater and give a large the water before part of this water the through economizer or reaches the boiler. flows and its heat to passes to In an ever finely divided, the grade of coal used, too, further there is the opportunity of economical the mouth results. At of every coal mine there has been increasing accumulating quantity of refuse coal, as valuable as any other as far as its heat content is concerned, but almost valueless because ordinarily this it cannot be made to give up heat. But with a knowledge of combustion applied in the mechanical stoker it parts with this heat more readily and efficiently than any other coal, and now the piles of refuse are disappearing. If our steam generating plant be one in which the steam is used for both power and heating we are in a position to obtain our power very cheaply. A large office building or our own College campus may have the electric current for its lighting generated, and the steam after pass ing through the engine still has left nine-tenths of its heat; may have its own steam pumps and less than is taken one-tweiitieth of the heat from steam, this this work, is passed after doing all through the heating pipes and gives up every unit of its heat for a useful purpose in instead of wasting exhaust steam thrown away. the steam. But it the T he field for improvement in the utilization of waste has not been covered nor nearly covered by the engineers of-the past and present. Problems, more complex in appear ance, possibly more simple in actual solution than any which have been solved, are perplexing the minds of the engineers of today. T he con version of the heat of coal directly into power without the intervention of the steam boiler with its losses and the steam engine with its losses; the manufacture of lignite so plentiful in the middle west into a the practicable steam producer, and making of commercially valuable peat fuel in our own state; the pos the poorer ores sibility of working of iron to take the place of the fast disappearing ores of the present rich the vast mines; the utilization of amount of energy being lost in the numerous isolated waterfalls of this country and the efficient and safe transmission of this energy to cities and towns to be used for heating, lighting and power, are some of the problems on which the future gen eration will work. Their solution is certain, and to the man who will apply himself to working them out the possibilities are alluring. 8 THE M. A. C. RECORD. THE EVOLUTION OF WO MANHOOD. M A R G U E R I TE B A R R O W S, WOMKN's COURSE. in In order to fully understand the the position held by woman world today and to predict with any degree of certainty the possibilities of the future, it is necessary to gain the history and devel some idea of through all opment of womanhood the ages. Because of the differing conditions of each time and people, advance ment has varied, sometimes being so slow as hi-rdly to be noticeable at all and at other times progressing by great leaps, but today as we look back over the records of the past we find that, surely and certainly, step by step woman has worked her way to the front. the toil and drudgery for At some time in the history of the people of e v e ry nation woman certainly existed merely as man's slave—a chattel to be bought and Then sold at her master's will. all the necessities of life fell upon her and she had no existence except as sub ject to another's will. Man seemed convinced that she was an inferior being and should neither expect or hope to be more than his servant or slave. But this was merely a state of barbarism which could not and did long among those, who, not exist through holding intercourse with others, were subject to the influences and varying conditions round about them. And so at this lowest point possible in the history of womanhood, development naturally began and with development, progress. From slayery to the position of in dependence held today is a great stride in woman's evolution but one which, when examined in connection with followed out through the different stages of his tory, appears to have taken place perfectly naturally and by regular steps. its causes and to Civilization had not advanced far and education hardly at all before men passed the other extreme and seemed to believe that woman's main use in the world was to amuse and please him. . In this situation to his she was, of course, subject will and in so far was virtually his slave, but even this condition was a considerable advance over the de graded menial position previously She had as yet no rights, held. civil or social, but only her accom plishments, if such a name could be applied to what were really but crude attempts at playing, singing, and reciting; these, however, cer tainly showed some degree of intel lectual activity which must have been entirely lacking in the earlier slavery. Such was woman's first step in advancement, she as yet had no individual existence, had neither the right nor ambition to act or think for herself, she was but a toy or a plaything in the hands of a su perior. From this time on, although the changes were not abrupt, still wo manhood steadily advanced; more attention was paid to her general thought culture and more liberty of and action gradually developed. So during the Middle Ages we find woman at the second stage in development honored and respected by man, a factor of no small impor tance in the prevailing system of restricted feudalism, but still with physical liberty and with no recog nizable civil rights; an individual now but under the power and direc his ward. tion of man, merely From this position of partial liberty in thought and action, what could be more natural than the desire and struggle to be placed on a plane of entire equality with the other sex ? And so the final step toward which woman is that of an independent equal. is advancing that much of But before we consitler the present status of womanhood, let us look for a moment at the exterior conditions changes which have made and phenomenal possible this almost progress in her development. It is this to Christianity progress is due;in Christ's teachings we find the beginnings of many of the doctrines which have since ad vanced and become nearly universal and have finally given to woman the eminence today. T he great principle of Christ's teaching, the equality of man and woman, was far in advance of the former ideas regarding woman's position. she holds to come T he minds of the people at that time were not prepared to accept the doctrine in its broadest sense, but it materially benefited woman's posi tion then and prepared the world for what was in later years. F o i m e r ly woman had not entered much into the thoughts of man, and this accounted, in great part, for her degraded position, but with the ad vent of Christianity arguments and tliscussions arose on all sides, and the question of woman's and privileges was brought before all, the and as a result Christian church were allowed moie freedom, physical, intellectual and social, than had ever been theirs be fore. T he greatt st anel broadest of all Christ's social teachings was that of the brotherhood of man, anil through this arose the principle of individualism, which has had such great influence on the history of the world in the past. the women of rights the rights K n o w i ng of the general diffusion of ignorance and superstition before and during the first of the Christian era, and knowing that this doctrine, to giving almost unlimited the individual, was directly opposed to teachings of the political world of that time, we cannot won the general acceptance of der that It was this philosophy was slow. only after in thought and the general re-awaken ing, brought about by the Renais sance it became universally acknowledged that some advantages and privileges were due each per son. the great revolution that T he great philosophers and edu cators especially realized this truth, and so arose the doctrine of univer sal education. Fenelon first applied this principle to women anel declared that they needed education and train ing as well as men. His idea was soon taken up by others and theories were advanced from which we trace many of the liberal ieleas concerning w o m a n 's eelucational and political rights today. In the 16th Century by the teach ings of Melancthon, Neander Rabe lais and other great educators, the prosecution of science as a study was first emphasized. T he interest thus awakened has come down through all centuries with steadily increasing vigor, and today when the spirit of scientific investi gation is at its height, it would be almost impossible to name one phase of human activity which has not its been greatly benefited following through the methods. But nowhere has this in crease in activity been so startlingly evident as in the home. in and monotony T he advance of science the past fifty years has wrought a revo lution in domestic affairs. Much of the drudgery of housekeeping has been done away the improved devices for with by saving time and strength, and as a result the women of the latter part of the 19th Century have been and the 20th Century will be those of their capable of more duties as wife anel mother. fulfilling So we see that womanhood has not been advanced by sentiment and romance, but has passed through a natural evolution based on Christi anity, philosophy and science. Only a small part of this evolu tion has been accomplished as yet among the countries of the far east, for where Christianity and science exist in infancy we expect to find womanhooel in a corresponding stage. But today the teachings of science and Christianity are being cairied to all parts of the world and if we may judge by what has been done in the past fifty years, it will not be long before the women of the Ori ent will the world side by side with their west ern sisters. their places take in But even in countries where wo man's advance has been greatest and where she holds the highest po that sition today, it cannot be said she is entirely independent. Yet in nearly all these countries woman is man's ec}iial in some things anel the opportunities are fast opening for her further advance. the past instead of Today woman's social freedom seems to be nearly at its height. Practically all occupations anel pro fessions are now open to her, while scarcely half a century ago women to be self-supporting who wished must either teach or work in the factory. All other occupations were closed to her and it was universally that she owed service to believed man But to herself. today this has been almost entirely changed and the whole world ad mires, respects and encourages the independent self-supporting woman. T he advance in educational lines in has been century marvellous indeed. Sixty years ago there was not a woman's college in existence but today there are institu tions for the instruction and educa tion of women in every country and new schools are being formed daily. T he highest institutions of the land are now open to women and they may stand on the platforms of the greatest universities the world and receive degrees which were formerly only bestowed upon men. Great movements are now on foot in Europe and America to open the field of politics and civil life to wo men and is al mg this line that most is expected in the coming cen the Inter tury. T he platform of national Woman's Suffrage League eleclares that " M en and women are independent born equal, free and members of society and the that the sexes is natural one of reciprocity and common ef fort." relationship of in it Susan B. Anthony says in this " T he day will come connection: recognize woman when man will fireside as his peer not only at the but in the councils of the nation." It seems that the time is not far dis tant when we will see the fulfill ment of this prophecy. Further advancement for woman must come but along what lines we cannot say. We know that through education the highest possibilities are attainable, so it would seem that the ideal future woman will be most readily developed through the up lifting tendencies of her education, an education which should surely emphasize not alone woman as an independent equal with man but woman in her own sphere as the true home-maker. And then we may hope for the time when woman will be worthy to accept the prophecy of Lowell when he said: "\et sets she not her soul so steadily Above, that she forgets her ties to earth, But her whole thought would almost seem to be How to make glad one lonely human hearth. For she unto herself hath builded high A home serene wherein to lay her head, Earth's noblest thing a woman peifected." Miss Georgiana Lambert of Niles, visited her brother, J. R. Lambert, '06, during commencement week. for Chicago Director Brewer and Harry Moon last Saturday. left T h ey attended the Chicago-Prince ton meet and then left for St. Louis where M r. Moon will compete in the national track events. Repre sentatives will be present from all the leading colleges and universities in the U. S. Mr. Moon will enter the 100-yards, 220, and broad jump. He may also try the 440; M. A. C. wishes him success. Pres. Sn) tier gave the address of welcome to the State Music Teach ers' Association at their meeting in Lansing, J u ne 21-23. A goodly number the College on visiteel Thursday, anel after being escorteel about the grounds were entertained the Women's building where at light served. refreshments were Mrs. F. S. Kedzie has taken a very active part in this association. C. A. Mosier has accepteel a posi the O. & VVT. T h um Co. tion with of Grand Rapids as investigator of a peach-tree borer control. He will experiment with a preparation for the prevention of borers this summer in the Michigan peach belt. Mr. Mosier has been here this year doing special work horticulture anel entomology. He has had a great in handling eleal of orchaids combatting pests. Here is to his success. experience and in T he latest addition to the village property lying near the College, is the plat " of "College Heights," owned by Chace N e w m an and wife. This plat adjoins Oakwood on the west, and lies directly opposite the district school property to the north, and consists of nine sightly and desirable It is laid out with the view of taking advantage of the naturally pleasing landscape effects of that vicinity. Mr. R oy J. R o b b, with '97, and Mr. N e w m an were the surveyors. lots. Mrs. Mae M. Gingles leaves M. A. C. this year to do advanced work in Columbia University. She has had full charge of the Domestic A rt Department at M. A. C. during the past year, and has made the work a success in every way. T he exhibi tions of dressmaking and millinery work were especially fine and drew forth much favorable criticism. Her work in connection with farmers' institutes was of more than ordinary she will make her merit. future still more successful is not doubted by any of her friends. T h at T HE M. A. C. RECORD. 9 NORTON'S RANGES! The Easy Line to Use Take it EARLY in the SPRING, and avoid that tired feeling which surely comes un less you have a MARQVART OR LINCOLN. CHAS. M. NORTON, in Washington Ave S. Furniture... Headquarters C O f l P L E TE L I NE OF FURNITURE FOR S T U D E N T S' ROOMS Canvas Cots at 95c. W o v en W i re Cots at $1.50. W o v en W i re Springs at $1.50, $2.00, and $2.50. Mattresses at $2.00, $2.50 and $3.00. Tables at $1.50 and $1.35. Chairs at 50c up. All goods delivered to y o ur room free. M. J. & B. M. Buck. THE JEWETT & KNAPP STORE Lansing's LOW Priced Reliable store E v e ry Department full of N ew S p r i ng a nd S u m m er Goods. N ew Dress Goods, Silks, Laces, Gloves, Hosiery, Underwear, Silk and Cotton Shirt Waists, Muslin Underwear, Dress and W a l k i ng Skirts, Tailor Made Suits, and Jackets. We also carry a Complete Stock of Lace C u r t a i ns a nd Draperies. Jewett & Knapp, 222, 224 W a s h i n g t on A v e. S. L a n s i n g, Mich. This Cut represents one of the many New Styles in Men's Hats for •whiph ive now offer your Nothing inspection. but latest styles and best qualities find place here. to our neck- Same applies ivear and cap stock—they are up-to-date in every res pect. Student patronage solicited. ELGIN MIFFLIN Ideal Oxford styles, If You Seek exclusive also Oxfords possessing grace ful outlines, comfort and wear, COME HERE.' A Patent Colt Oxford Tuxedo Last Price $ 3 . 50 a pair, all sizes. C D. WOODBURY, H™R «$ A B O UT T HE C A M P U S. J. L. Thomas, a member of the class of '05, will be employed in the botanic garden this summer. Mrs. F. Robison and daughter Floy are visiting in Milan. Mrs. Robison's sister is seriously ill. 6,ODO plants have been sold to the State for use on the grounds about the capitol building. Miss Norma L. Gilchrist, sister of Miss Gilchrist, will graduate from Wellesley College next week Tues day. Jas. Satterlee has a complete set of the " Bubble," a student's journal published in 1S6S, May 20 to Octo ber 24. W. O. Thompson will leave for Dexter, Mich., take charge of to the dairy work on the farm belong ing to Prof. H. W. Mumford. Improvements are made the botanic garden from time to time. An effort is now being made to have all the paths covered with grass. in Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Allen, of Poca hontas, Iowa, are visiting their sister, Miss Gilchrist. Mrs. Allen will stay till after commencement. Covering strawberries did not have the desirable effect at the Col lege. T h ey are in color, poorer in quality and later in matur ing. inferior Instructor Harza will leave M. A. C. at the close of the present college year. He has been here two years, coming the South Dakota Agricultural College. His teaching has been successful and we wish him well in his future work. from A. G. Craig has been elected in structor in horticulture for next year. He has had charge of the gardens this spring and has been very suc cessful. T he Knights Templars visited M. A. C. in large numbers last Tuesday and Wednesday. T h ey held a con vention in Lansing and gave some very fine drills. T he Horticultural Club elected term as follows: officers for the fall J. E. Schaefer, president; L. D. Bushnell, vice president; M. J. Dorsey, secretary. H. M. H o we is with the Churchill re Lumber Co., of Alpena. He joices in the prosperity of M. A. C, and makes special mention of the field-day victory. About 300 ladies accompanied the, recent Knights Templars at their convention. served T h ey were luncheon in the gymnasium at the Women's Building at 3 o'clock. Sororian officers for next fall term are: Pres., Bessie Phillips; Vice Pres , Alida Alexander; S e c, Win nie T y l e r; Treas., Carrie Anspach; R E C O RD Editor, Calla Krental. Arrangements are in progress for a series of tennis games between the M. A. C. and Albion faculties. T he games will be played the last of this week or the first of next. T he greenhouse contains an E n g lish variety of cucumbers in which the fruit often reaches an extraordi nary length. T he longest one so far measured 20 inches. T he fruit is of good quality. has designed Prof. Vedder a bridge for the Leadly P a rk exten the City Electric Railway. sion of He has also been called on several times lately to survey curves and do other engineering work. Prof. Smith was at Chatham last week. He reports everything in fine shape at the station. Spring is early in the upper peninsula. T he wheat along the way up is about one-quarter of a crop. H. S. Reed and P. H. Edmonds of are the chemical department taking work in the summer session of the University of Wisconsin. T h ey have built sail boats and will made a trip down the Mississippi during August, taking the St. Louis Exposition. in T he Juniors in domestic science had a unique examination last week. Each one had to prepare a meal, consisting of three articles of food, for either a conva'escent or a sick person. After this was done, each one wrote out the food values of the articles and gave full explanation as involved. to the scientific principles T he spirit manifested by the stu dents in the engineering department has been very good during the past year. All have worked hard and have been successful. seniors have made a good T he the work record. One feature of has been that every one has worked up to the last minute. T h e re has been no shirking. uniformly T he young women doing milli the direction of nery work under Mrs. Gingles and Miss St. J o hn <& 1 gave an exhibition Saturday, J u ne 11. T he hats were very fine and showed excellent taste as well as neatness of execution. T he young women did all the work, even to the arranging of the straw for the shape. A great many were present and expressed themselves as much pleased. T he officers of the Athletic Asso ciation for next year are as follows: President, A. J. Anderson; vice, president, J. E. Schafer; secretary - H. S. H u n t; treasurer, C. I. A u t e n; track manager, Bruce M c A l p i n e; baseball manager, Rasmus Rasmus- sen ; tennis manager, K. B. Stevens; J. assistant O'Gara; M. I. A. director, A . J. Anderson. football manager, T he department of bacteriology is busily engaged in the preparation the of two additional bulletins on associative action of bacteria in milk. This will make four bulletins on this subject. T he two have been accepted by the Centralblatt of Germany. T he first one appeared T he in Vol. 11, Nos. 24 and 25. Centralblatt in Jena and is one of the best German publi cations along bacteriological lines. is published first On Tuesday evening, J u ne 14, a reception was given to the seniors by Miss Gilchrist, dean of the It was a woman's depaitment. very unique affair and was well attended. Pres. and Mrs. Snyder, Miss Lyford, Mrs. Gilchrist, Miss Cramer, Mrs. Allen, assisted in re ceiving. Refreshments were served by in domestic students science department. All had a very pleasant time. several THE M. A. C. RECORD. It's Record shows it to be THE POLICY HOLDERS' COMPANY' The Bjntual Benefit Life Ingufarjce Co., OP X T E T T T - ^ - R I ^, :rsr. T. CHAS. B. COLLINGWOOD, District Manager, Agricultural College. Lansing Office, 100 HolHster Block. WHEN IN NEED OF PRINTING AT BOTTOM PRICES Correspond with Lawrence & Van Buren Printing Co., 122 Ottawa St. E. Lansing, Mich. ALL MEATS May look a l i ke to you, b ut t h e re Is a very g r e at difference in t he q u a l i ty we h a n d le a nd t h at sold by s d me o t h er m a r k e t s. We h a n d le n o ne b ut t he v e ry best. Like t he p u d d i n g, t he proof of good m e a ts Is In the e a t i n g. A trial will convince y ou that you ought to t r a de with u s. We make daily trips to the College. BOTH P H O N E S. Careful attention given to 'phone orders. A. C. ROLLER, Successor Washington Ave. South. to GOTTLIEB RELTTER. DIRECTORY LANSING BUSINESS and PROFESSIONAL MEN -» T he n a m es in this Directory, as well as those of all o ur o t h er a d v e r t i s e r s ^ a re of reli able p a r t i e s. We hope t h at t he faculty a nd s t u d e n ts will t a ke p a i ns to p a t r o n i ze those who patronize u s. FURNISHING GOODS. ELGIN MIFFLIN.—Ladies' and Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods. See ad. FURNITURE DEALERS. M J. & B. M. BUCK.—Furniture. Cor. Wash ington Avenue and Ionia Street, See ad. HACK AND BAGGAGE LINES. BARBERS. M A. C. BARBER SHOP, Rooms in New Bath House. H. A. Sias, Propr. BOOKS AND STATIONERY. A M. EMERY. 116 Wash. Ave. N. Books, Fine Stationery, Engraved Calling- Cards, Fountain Pens. Pictures, Frames. Fine Framing" a Specialty. New store. New Stock. p I TY BOOK STORE. Fountain Pens, Drafting l,, Tools, Stationery, Card-a Engraved, Pocket Books, Card Cases and Bibles. Tennis, Football and Baseball goods. Crotty Bros., 206 Wash. Ave, N. . BOOK BINDERS GEO. G. BLUDEAU & CO—Bookbinders Ac count book makers, paper ruling, library and fine art bindings, file boxes, map mounting, albums, pocket books, etc. Citizens phone No. 56. 109 Wash. Ave. N. WAGENVOORD & CO.—Bookbinders, Blank- book Makers, Library and Art Bindings, Al bums, Pocketbooks, Map Mountings, etc. Back numbers of magazines and periodicals supplied. Bell phone 378. 109 Washington Ave. South. O RDER your hacks for parties at Carr's Hack Line. Livery in connection. 410 Washington Ave. N. HARDWARE, STOVES AND TINWARE. NORTON'S HARDWARE—General Hardware, Stoves, Tinware, Graniteware, Cutlery, etc. I ll Washington Ave. South. See ad. INSURANCE. THE DYER-JENISON-BARRY CO., LTD., Incorporated) Hollister Block. All kinds of the best insurance. Strongest agency in city. JEWELERS. CHAS. A. PIELLA. 121 Washington Ave. N., Lansing, Mich. Jeweler and Optician. MANICURE AND HAIRDRESSING. M RS. O. T. CASE—Manicure and Hairdressing for Rent. Switches made of cut hair or combings. New 'phone 118. 222H Washington Ave. S., up stairs. Parlors. Masquerade "Wigs BOOTS AND SHOES. MERCHANT TAILORS. D. WOODBURY.—Boots and Shoes, shoe the students. See ad. CONFECTIONERY. 0 NLY the best candies at the "Sugar Bowl." Washington Ave. S, OHN H E R R M A N N 'S SONS. J WOODBURY & SAVAGE.—Tailors. Student trade solicited. Opposite Hotel Downey, North, 218 Washington Avenue N. CLOTHING. MUSIC, PIANOS, ETC. the oth able enthusiasm. A m o ng speeches ers w ho made seconding were senator Beveridge of Indiana, and Ex-Governor Bradley of Ken tucky. Pretty swift company for " J o e ." '03- E. S. Good has been appointed instructor in animal husbandry, col lege of agriculture, and investigator in animal husbandry of the experi ment station, University of Illinois. His salary has received a liberal in crease. Good! W i th '05. Fred Shotwell visited M. A. C. traveling recently. He is now a salesman, enjoys his work and is ap parently doing well. W m. M. Gokay who has been teaching school at Nashville, Mich., sailed June 22 for Manila, P. I., to accept a government position. With '06. Alvin Sansburn is working with a United States Lake Survey party on the east shore of Manitoulin Is land. T he remainder of the sum mer will be spent along the west shore of Lake Huron from Cheboy gan south. '04. Mr. L. F. Bird surprised his M. A. C. friends by returning to college on Monday accompanied by his wife. T he marriage took place on Satur day, June 18, at Millington. T he R E C O RD extends congratulations. T he Annual Banquet of Tau Beta Pi was held in the fraternity rooms last Thursday evening. Besides the active membership there were pres ent Professors Weil and Holdsworth and M e s s r s. Smith and Gower, of Lansing. T he following officers were elected for the ensuing year: Pres., H. S. H u n t; vice pres., W. P. Robinson; corresponding secre tary, Bruce McAlpine; recording secretary and treasurer, Geo. Nichols. An interesting souvenir received by the chapter is a neat little calf bound program of the Annual Banquet of N ew York and N ew Jersey chap ters. A m o ng names of note on this program are those of Prof. Hutton, of Columbia University and William Institute. T he Kent, of Stevens association valuable h as d o ne work during the past year in the stimulation of students and alumni to better scholarship. S P A L D I N G 'S IO ALUMNI AT COMMENCE MENT. M r. and Mrs. W. K. Prudden, '78, Lansing. Mrs. Mary C. Mayo, 'SS, Man hattan, Kansas. B. A. Holden, ' 9 1, Lansing. L. H. Van W o r m e r, '95, Lansing. Clay Tallman, '95, A nn Arbor. J o hn Nellist' with '96, Grand Rapids. Nancy Mac Arthur, with '96, A nn Arbor. Mr. and M r s. E. D. Sanderson, '97, Texas. Lucy Monroe, with '9S, Grand Rapids. Bertha Holdsworth, with '9S, Portland, Oregon. Mr. and M r s. H. A. Hagadorn, '98, Schenectady, N. Y. T. H. Libbey with '99. E. W. Ranney, '00, Belding. Irma G. Thompson, 'co, South Haven. M. L. Ireland, ' o r, Washington, D. C. Fleta Paddock, ' 0 1, Saginaw. Alice M. Gunn, ' 0 1, Iron Moun tain. Celia Harrison, ' 0 1, Superior, W i s. R. R. Carr, w i t h ' 0 1, Pittsburg, P a. S. L. Christensen, with ' 0 1, Scot- dale, P a. L y m an Carrier, '02, Elyria, Ohio. Gordon T o w e r, '02, Washington, D. C. M. B. Stephens, '02, Big Rapids. T. G. Phillips, '02, Bay City. W. S. Palmer, '02, Kalkaska. N. B. Horton, '02, Fruit R i d g e. Harriet Farrand, '02, A nn Arbor. E. D. Searing and wife, '02, F t. Collins, Colo. Frances Farrand, with '02, Jack son. Alice Hadley, '03, Fenton. E. S. Harrison, '03, P aw P a w. R. L. Yates, '03, Dayton, Ohio. J. G. Moore, '03, Detroit. S. B. Hartman, '03, Athens. Burr Hess, ' 0 3, Napoleon. Edna Smith, '03, Grand Rapids. Chas. B. Rose, with ' 0 3, Detroit. Mary Ross Reynolds, with ' 0 3, Chicago. Hannah Bach, with '03, Sebe- waing. J o hn B. Strange, with ' 0 3, Grand Ledge. Frances Sly, with '03. Don Skeels, with '04, W a s h i n g ton, D. C. Clara D y e, with '03, Springport. Merritt Willitts, with '04, East Orange, N . J. Harriet Moore, with '05, St, Clair. Blanch Covell, with '05, White hall. W m. Toan, with ' 0 5, Olivet. Fred Calkins, with '05, Battle Creek. Nina F o x, with '05, East T a w a s. Geo. Pardee, S p. '03, Three Oaks. '95- Walter Goodenough was married to Elizabeth Woodruff, at N ew York City last week. M r. Good- enough is engaged in the engineer ing business. His many M. A. C. friends extend congratulations. '86. The Chicago Record-Herald re cently contained a cut of J. B. Cot ton, w ho seconded,the nomination of Roosevelt for president. His speech is reported to have been elo quent and to have created consider BUY Tour Drv Goods and Clothing, Hats, Caps and Furnishing Goods at H. KOSITCHEK & BRO'S, 113 Washington Ave. N., and 210 Washington Ave. S... LOUIS BECK.—Clothier. Gents' Furnishings, Hats and Caps. 112 Washington Ave. North. CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE. H H. LARNED.—China, Glass and Lamps. 105 Washington Ave. S. DENTISTS. A F. GORDON", D. D. S. M. A. C. '91, U. of M. '01. 218 Washington Ave. S. Phone, Citizens 862. E. STOFFER, D. D. S. Office 105 Wash ington Ave. S. Former M. A. C. student. GR I N N E LL BROS. Pianos, Organs and every thing in the line of music. 219 Washing ton Ave. N. OCULISTS. CHAS. G. JENKINS, M. D. — Diseases of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat. Hours, 9 to 12 a. m.( and 2 to 5 p. m. Citizens Phone No, 1030. 224 Washington Ave. South. PHOTOGRAPHS. C E. WALTER, M. A. C. I make Photographs; Landscapes, Buildings, Interiors, Flash-lights, Lantern Slides, Transparencies, Medallions and Stereoscopic Views. Developing and Printing for Amateurs. Views for sale. PHYSICIANS. W. HAGADORN, M. D.—Office hours, 11 to 12 A. M., 2 to 4 and 7 to 8 P. M. Office at 212 Washington Avenue S.; home 219 Capitol Ave. J D R. H. W. LANDON. Office and residence, M. A. C. Office hours from 7 to 8:30 a. m., and 12:30 to 2, and 6:30 to 8 p- m. Sunday office hours 4 to 5 and 7 to 8 p. m. Now phone 1560. DR. OSCAR H. BRUEGEL. Hours 9 to 11 a. m.; 2 to 4 and 7 to 8 p. in. Agricultural Col lege, Mich. Citizens phone 1502. PLUMBERS. SHIELDS & LEADLEY. Plumbing and Heat ing. 300 Wash. Ave. N ., Lansing. Both Phones. BASE BALL GOODS ! R W. MORSE, D. D. S. Hollister Block, Room 517. Citizens Phone 52, Bell Phone 396. H. MOORE, D. D. S. Office 411-13 Hollister Building, Lansing, Mich. Citizens phone 475. OP ALL KINDS HOW IN STOCK. — DRUGGISTS. Me shall make every effort to keep in stock just what you want. J. H. LARRABEE, 325 Washington Ave. S. LANSING. date. Corner store. Opposite Hollister Block, R OUSER'S CAPITAL DRUG STORE. Up to R OBINSON DRUG CO., successors to Alsdorf & Son, Drugs and Druggists' Sundries, 102 Washington Ave. N. DRY GOODS. THE JEWETT & K N A PP STORE. Dry Goods. 222-224 Washington Ave. S. ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES. SPORTING GOODS. (••APITOL ELECTRIC CO. Electrical Supplies, / Telegraph Instruments and Telephones. 321 Wash. Ave., S. J H. LARRABEE. Base Ball Goods, Foot Ball Goods, Tennis, Golf, Guns, Ammunition and Fishing Tackle. 325 Wash. Ave. S.