<R e %. a  ©.  <R ecor i 

VOLUME  I. 

LANSING,  MICHIGAN,  TUESDAY,  OCTOBER  20, 1896. 

NUMBER  37 

U P P ER  PENINSULA  NOTES. 

APACHES  AS  SOLDIERS. 

P R O F.  C.  F.  W H E E L E R. 

L I E U T.  H.  H.  BANDHOLTZ. 

small. 

low  sandy 

the  largest 

ridges.  Upon 

their  families.  Newberry, 

T wo  w e e ks  in  t he  upper  peninsula  at  the  begin 
ning  of  Indian  summer,  t he  last  week  of  September 
a nd  t he  first  of  October,  a re  full  of  delightful  mem 
ories.  The  early  morning  of  September  21  found  me 
in  Mackinaw  City.  The  sky  w as  clear,  the  air  brac 
ing,  and  a  good  breakfast  with  a  cup  of  genuine  cof 
fee,  p ut  me  in  a  happy  mood  to  enjoy  t he  view  of 
Mackinac  Island,  which  loomed  up  to  the  northeast 
like  a  frowning  citadel.  T he  gorgeous  tints  on  the 
rocky  shores  of  this  famous  islet  contrast  strangely 
with  t he  dark,  blue  w a t er  of  t he  straits.  The  im 
mense  boat  which  carried  our  train  over  to  St.  Ignace 
w as  soon  in  motion,and  our  feet  were  soon  standing 
on  t he  rocky  shores  of  the  upper  peninsula. 
The 
white  limestone  rocks  crop  out  here  and  there  cov 
ered  with  a  dense  growth  of  shapely  cedars,  white 
spruces,  balsams  and  hemlocks.  No  evergreens  can 
compare  with  t he  young  symmetrical  white  spruces 
and  balsams  of  this  upper  country.  They  are  so  min 
gled  with  broad-leaved  trees  t h at  the  contrasts  are  re 
markably  striking  at  this  season  of  the  year.  The 
poplars  in  yellow,  t he  maples  in  scarlet  and  crimson 
are  gorgeous  indeed.  The  limestone  soil  about  St. 
Ignace  is  very  fertile  a nd  some  good  farms  are  seen. 
Soon,  however,  t he  country  becomes  more  level  and 
t he  soil  of  a  poorer  quality,  w i th  numerous  s w a m ps 
alternating  with 
these 
ridges  were  norway  and  w h i te  pines  of  poor  qual 
ity.  Towns  were  few  and 
Occasionally 
small  t r a c ts  of  beech  and  maple  land  were  met  with 
where  enterprising  homesteaders  were  struggling  to 
make  themselves  homes.  These  pioneers  by  working 
in  the  neighboring  lumber  camps  during  winter  man 
age  to  clear  their  farms  a nd  to  provide  for  the  w a n ts 
of 
town  on 
the  line  between  St.  Ignace  and  Marquette,  has  good 
soil  and  plenty  of  fine  hardwood  timber. 
In  a  dried 
up  lake  bottom  near  the  city  are  to  be  seen  some  fine 
celery  plantations.  After  the  low  watershed  is  passed 
and  we  approach  nearer  the  Lake  Superior  shore,  a 
large  tract  of  hardwood  timber  is  seen  to  the  north. 
A  branch  road  leads  to  the  new  and  bustling  town  of 
Muuising,  lately  started  by  Tim  Nester.  Large  tan 
here, 
and 
neries 
using 
is 
and 
the  hemlock  bark 
abundant  and  of  good  quality. 
As  the  road  ap 
proaches  the  shore  of  the  lake  the  soil  becomes  sandy 
Low 
and 
blueberry  bushes  cover  t he  ground,  furnishing  an 
abundance  of  excellent  fruit  during  the  season.  At 
Au  T r a in  sand  dunes  are  plenty,  reminding  one  of 
similar  t r a c ts  along  L a ke  Michigan.  The  dark  blue 
w a t e rs  of  L a ke  Superior  are  now  in  full  view  a nd 
Grand  Island  may  be  seen  far  eastward.  Nothing  of 
interest  is  to  be  noted  till  the  rocky  hills  about  the 
bay,  upon  which  t he  old  city  of  Marquette  is  built, 
come  in  sight.  F ar  out  in  the  lake  a  couple  of  huge 
bare  rocks  appear,  north  of  the  city,  only  to  be  seen  in 
a  clear  day.  P r e s q ue  Isle,  which  reminds  one  of 
Mackinac  Island,  looms  up  northwest  of  the  city.  This 
beautiful  spot  is  now  owned  by  the  city  and  is  being 
made  into  one  of  t he  most  beautiful  parks.  Many 
fine  residences  are  seen  nestled  on  the  hills.  Nu 
merous  church  spires  show  t h at  we  a re  nearing  a 
beautiful  city.  L a r ge  ore  docks  lift  themselves  over 
the  w a t er  of  the  bay  and  m a ny  large  steamers  are 
passing  out  and  in  laden  w i th  merchandise  and  t he 
rich  ore  from  the  many  mines,  back  on  t he  ranges  of 
hills.  The  busy  cities  of  Ishpeming  and  Negaunee, 
thirteen  miles  west,  furnishes 
long 
trains  of  short  low  cars  are  dropping  into  the  numer 
ous  pockets  of 
the  large  docks  mentioned  before. 
T he  city  covers  a  narrow  valley  and  t he  sides  of  t he 
rocky  hills,  with  b a re 
either 
side. 
ice  in  the  far  back 
glacial  times  has  left  its  m a r ks  plainly  visible  every 
where.  These  rocky  ridges  stretch  a w ay  on  all  sides, 
m a k i ng  a  most  brilliant  display  of  a u t u mn  color  at 
this  time. 

jackpine  plains  appear. 

The  effect  of  moving 

stave  mills  are 

the  ore,  which 

timber  which 

in  operation 

tops,  on 

smooth 

typical 

some 

| ^| 

A  certain  minister,  while  preaching, 

t h at 
every  blade  of  grass  w as  a  sermon.  The  next  day 
he  w as  amusing  himself  by  mowing  his  lawn,  when 
a  parishoner  said,  " T h a t 's  right,  doctor;  cut  your  ser 
mons  short.—Harper's  Bazar. 

said 

The  Apache  tribe  is  divided  into  about  eight  prin 
cipal  clans: 
the  Chiricahuas,  Tontos,  Yumas,  Mo-
javes,  San  Carlos,  Sierra  Blaneas,  Mezcaleros,  a nd 
Coyateros.  These  all  possess  traits  in  common,  but 
usually  understood  t h at  their  warriors,  like  the  Sioux, 
were  counted  by  t he  thousands;  while,  it  is  stated  on 
good  authority, 
t h at  Geronimo's  b a nd  never  num 
bered  much  over  eighty.  This  number,  however, 
w as  magnified  a  hundred  fold  by  t he  lightning  rapid-
are  not  united  under  a  common  chief,  and  were  at  one 
time  frequently  at  w ar  w i th  each  other. 

the  skillful 

Of  these  eight  sub-tribes,  t he  most  noted  a re 

t he 
lead 
Avarlike  Chiricahuas,  who,  under 
ership  of  the  celebrated  Geronimo,  achieved  a  world 
wide  reputation.  On  account  of  their  notoriety  it  is 
ity  of  his  movements,  and  the  extent  of  his  depreda 
tions.  After  Geronimo  surrendered,  he  and  his  band 
were  first  sent  to  one  of  our  military  posts  in  Florida, 
but  were  shortly  afterwards  removed  to  Mount  Ver 
non  Barracks,  Alabama,  and  there  permanently  lo 
cated.  W h en  Mr.  Proctor  decided  to  civilize  the  In 
dians  by  enlisting  them  in  the  army,  t he  younger 
their 
members  of  Geronimo's  band  reverted  from 
status  of  prisoners  of  w ar  to  t h at  of  soldiers,  b ut  no 
longer  under  the  leadership  of  their  chieftain.  At 
the  same  time  companies  w e re  organized  among  t he 
Tontos,  and  other  clans  in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico. 

The 

company  at  Mount  Vernon  B a r r a c ks  w as 
placed  under  the  command  of  Captain  W.  W.  Woth-
erspoon,  12th  U.  S.  Infantry,  w ho  w as  also  placed  in 
charge  of  the  three  hundred  Apache  prisoners  of  w ar 
at  t h at  post.  Under  Captain  Wotherspoon's  able  and 
rapid 
energetic  administration 
strides  in  discipline  a nd  military  duties  in  general, 
including  the  construction 
fortifications, 
building  of  bridges,  etc. 

t he  company  made 

field 

of 

the  details  of 

the  movements; 

In  drill  the  Apaches  are  quick  to  learn,  but  soon 
in  extended 
forget 
order,  however,  they  are  more  at  home,  a nd  instinct 
ively  t a ke  advantage  of  any  cover  no  m a t t er  how 
small.  With  magic  equal  to  H e r r m a n n ' s,  they  seem 
to  disappear  behind  a  blade  of  grass.  On  guard  an 
Apache  is  in  his  element;  it  is  next  to  impossible  to 
' surprise  him,  no  m a t t er  how  dark  t he  night.  On  the 
contrary,  an  inspecting  officer  is  usually  surprised  by 
being  challenged  before  he  is  a w a re  t h at  he  is  within 
sight  or  hearing. 

their  chevrons  and  anxious 

there 
To  the  company  at  Mount  Vernon  B a r r a c ks 
were  four  excellent  w h i te  sergeants  attached, 
t he 
rest  of  the  non-commissioned  officers  being  Indians. 
Although  proud  of 
to 
perform  their  duties  oroperly,  the  Indian  "noo-eoms" 
their 
were  not  a  success.  W h en  ordered 
to  h a ve 
spuads  perform  certain  duties, 
it  would  often  be 
found  that,  in  their  mis-directed  zeal,  t he  non-com 
missioned  officers  had  themselves  done  all  t he  work 
required. 
In  Captain  Wotherspoon's  company  were 
to  be  found  chiefs  like  Chato,  Naiche,  and  others,  and 
it  would  naturally  have  been  supposed 
their 
names  would  have  graced  the  "non-com"  roster.  On 
trial,  however,  they  were  found  to  be  unsuited  for 
the  position,  and  became  private  soldiers,  while  some 
in 
of  their  quondam  followers  were  their  superiors 
military  rank. 

t h at 

The  Apaches  are  strictly  truthful  and  never  seek 
to  avoid  punishment  by  resorting  to  falsehood.  W h en 
tried  by  Summary  or  other  Courts  Martial  they  would 
do  all  in  their  power  to  bring  out  t he  facts  in  the 
case  regardless  of  the  consequences  to  themselves. 

T h at  t he  company  at  Mount  Vernon  B a r r a c ks  -was 
in  such  excellent  condition  m ay  h a ve  been  partially 
due  to  force  of  circumstances.  Before  becoming  sol 
diers  they  were  prisoners  of  war,  and,  upon  enlisting, 
they  improved  their  condition  as  regards  pay,  cloth 
ing,  and  rations,  and  were  not  deprived  of  any  priv 
ileges  they  h ad  previously  enjoyed.  W i th  t he  In 
dians  enlisted  on  reservations, 
t he  contrary  w as 
t he  case;  at  t he  t i me  of  their  enlistment  they  were  in 
most  cases  clothed  and  fed  by  the  government,  and 
were  comparatively  free  in  their  movements. 
It  w as 
therefore  but  n a t u r al  t h at  they  should  soon  w e a ry  of 
the  restrictions  of  a  military  life. 

The  three  years'  term  of  t he  Apache  soldiers  at 
Mount  Vernon  B a r r a c ks  expired  during  the  summer 
t he  company 
of 

'94,  and  nearly  every  member  of 

wished  to  t a ke  his  discharge.  This  shows  that,  under 
the  most  favorable  circumstances,  even  t he  m a r t i al 
and  warlike  Chiricahua  soon  grows  discontented  a nd 
restive,  w h en  governed  by  the  same  regulations  t h at 
are  successful  w i th  t he  white  soldier. 

Like  all  other  noble  red  men,  our  Apache  brothers 
cannot  resist  fire  w a t er  in  a ny  of  its  alluring  forms, 
and  their  is  evidence  to  show  t h at  they 
themselves 
have  for  ages  manufactured  from  corn  a  fermented 
drink  which  they  call  "tiz-win."  An  Apache  with 
his  stomach  swollen  out  with  tiz-win  has  more  com-
bativeness  per  cubic  inch  t h an  a  game  cock,  and,  for 
pure  deviltry,  could  see  S a t an  himself  a nd  go  him  one 
better.  But  tiz-win  is  not  alone  in  its  glory  in  pro 
ducing  this  effect,  for  the  w h i te  m a n 's  "fire  w a t e r" 
is  equally  efficacious. 

this,  however, 

first  admitted  on 

Knowing  this  effect  of  liquor  upon  the  Indian  sys 
tem,  it  can  be  understood  w hy  t he  Apaches  were  not 
allowed  to  participate  in  the  so-called  benefits  of  t he 
They 
post-exchange  at  Mount  Vernon  B a r r a c k s. 
were  at 
t he 
the  same  s t a t us  as 
In 
white  companies,  b a r r i ng  the  purchase  of  beer. 
its  place  they  were  given  soda  w a t er  d r a wn  from  a 
tired,  a nd 
fountain.  Of 
they  soon 
could  not  be  made  to  u n d e r s t a nd  w hy 
they  could 
not  h a ve  beer  like  t he  w h i te  soldiers.  As  this  feeling 
might  eventually  have  caused  trouble,  their  s h a re  in 
the  post  exchange  w as  disposed  of  to  t he  w h i te  or 
ganizations  at  t he  post,  and"  Captain  Wotherspoon 
built  t h em  an  a m u s e m e nt  room  n e ar  their  o wn  bar 
racks.  H e re  they  were  allowed  to  buy  tobacco,  bot 
tled  soda,  etc.  Of  this  bottled  soda  w a t er  they  a re 
very  fond,  preferring  to  drink  it  from  the  bottle,  a nd 
caring  little  w h e t h er  it  is  w a rm  or  cold. 

t h at 

soldiers 

It  has  been  stated 

Indian 
to  be  very  poor  shots,  b ut 

h a ve 
shown  themselves 
this 
w as  not  the  case  with  the  Apache  company  in  ques 
tion,  as  their  figure  of  merit  for  '93  w as  higher  t h an 
t h at  of  the  white  companies  at  t he  same  post.  To  be 
sure  none  of  t he  Apaches  qualified  as  sharpshooters, 
but  there  were  several  marksmen,  and,  none  of  them 
were  really  poor  shots. 

As  a  scout  or  courier  an  Apache  would  be  s u p e r b; 
for  he  possesses  independence  of  action,  keenness  of 
vision  and  hearing,  coupled  with  rapidity  of  move 
ment.  To  wonderful  perceptive  powers,  he  adds  a 
retentive  memory  a nd  an  ability  to  i m p a rt  acquired 
information  in  a  brief  and  concise  manner.  These, 
combined  w i th  his  physical  qualifications,  m a ke  him 
invaluable. 

Dressed  in  the  clothing  allowance 

issued  him  at 
birth,  to  which  he  adds  the  modest  breech-clout  and 
possibly  a  few  bead  ornaments,  an  Apache  r u n n er 
will  travel  at  t he  r a te  of  about  seven  miles  an  hour 
for  as  long  a  t i me  as  m ay  be  necessary  for  him  to 
reach  his  objective  point.  Nor  is  this 
flinty-footed 
Mercury  delayed  by  cacti  or  rocks,  rivers  or  moun 
tains;  with  the  speed  of  a  grayhound,  a nd  the  en 
durance  of  the  camel  he  accomplishes  his  journey  in 
spite  of  all  obstacles,  and  this  too  u n d er  a  blazing 
sun  t h at  w i t h e rs  all  vegetable  life  and  drives  a  white 
m an  to  any  shelter  he  can  find. 

Referring  to  the  Apache  powers  of  endurance,  Lieu 
t e n a nt  S c h w a t ka  says  in  the  "Century,"  "My  first 
visit  to  Apache  land  w as  in  1871.  Then  t he  favorite 
route  to  Arizona  w as  to  round  Cape  St.  Lucas  of 
Lower  California,  sail  through  t he  gulf  till  t he  mouth 
of  the  Colorado  w as  reached,  up  which  shallow  river 
boats  plied  and  distributed  passengers  for 
the  few 
river  villages  and  inland  points  w h e re  a  scanty  popu 
lation  wrested  a  precarious  existence. 
t he 
mouth  of  the  Colorado  river  it  w as  deemed  necessary 
to  send  through  a  courier  w i th  dispatches  to  F o rt 
Yuma,  distant  ninety  miles,  I  believe,  by  t he  trail. 
Three  long  days  we  were  steaming  up  the  swift,  shal 
low,  a nd  tortuous  river,  a nd  w h en  we  did 
finally 
reach  Yuma  we  found  t h at  our  courier,  a  lithe,  active 
young  Apache,  h ad  slipped  across  t he  trail  in  thirteen 
hours." 

F r om 

We  know  from  sad  experience  t h at  t he  Apache  is 
a  formidable  foeman.  W hy  then  can  we  not  utilize 
It  is  simply  because  our  efforts  a re  in 
his  abilities? 
t he  wrong  direction.  Accustomed 
independ 
ently,  he  cannot  be  m a de  to  appreciate  or  understand 
t he  necessity  of  our  complex  regulations. 
In  our  In 
dian  w a rs  we  h a ve  frequently,  and  w i th  success, 
ranged  one  tribe  or  clan  against  another;  we  have  also 
had  our  Indian,  scouts  and  police,  a nd  both  h a ve 
In  none  of 
proved  to  be  vey  useful  in  their  w a y. 

to  a ct 

-s 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  B E C O B D. 

OCTOBEE  20, 

1896. 

I n d i an 

these  instances,  however,  h a ve  we  forced  upon 
t he 
Indians  t he  s a me  regulations  w i th  which  we  govern 
our  w h i te  troops. 
t r a i ts  being  so  different 
from  those  of  t he  Anglo-Saxon,  it  is  hardly  rational 
to  suppose  t h at  they  can  be  governed  by  t he  same 
Indians  are  called  "Nature's 
methods,  nor  can  they. 
Children,"  and 
to  a  certain  extent  they  should  be 
governed  and  treated  like  children. 

One  plea  made  for  the  enlistment  of  Indians  is  t h at 
It  is  not  surprising  t h at  this 
it  will  civilize  them. 
plea  is  made  when  we  recollect  t h at  the  impression 
prevails  in  some  localities,  and  among  some  other 
wise  well-posted  people,  t h at  the  a r my  is,  or  ought 
to  be,  a  reform  school  for  incorrigible  boys,  and  a 
ignorant,  and 
house  of  refuge  for  the  unemployed, 
illiterate  classes. 
If  such  is  the  case,  let  the  good 
work  go  on;  but,  if  we  w a nt  an  a r my  to  be  depended 
upon  in  time  of  domestic  disturbance  or  foreign  wars, 
then  we  must  obtain  the  best  possible  material  for  our 
soldiers;  strong,  healthy,  intelligent  men,  and  men 
t h at  will  understand  and  appreciate  the  necessity  for 
self-control  and  discipline. 

If  we  must  enlist  Indians,  they  should  be  selected 
from  the  very  best  and  organized  into  the  necessary 
number  of  small  companies  of  scouts,  placed  under 
t he  command  of  energetic,  able,  and  experienced 
officers. 

Department 

of  Military 

Science. 

AT  THE  COLLEGE. 

The  crop  of  mangels  on  t he  farm  yielded  55  tons 

per  acre. 

The  Alfalfa  in  field  number  six  has  been  cut  the 

fourth  time  this  season. 

W.  C.  Marsh  and  wife,  of  the  Sherman  House, 

Quineey,  visited  M.  A.  C.  October  10. 

Mrs.  Dr.  Beal  went  to  Chicago  last  Friday  to  spend 
several  Aveeks  with  her  daughter,  Mrs.  R.  S.  Baker. 
Miss  Georgia  R.  Russell,  of  Kalamazoo,  spent  Sun 
day,  the  eleventh,  with  her  brother,  E.  R.  Russell, 
'99  m. 

The  students  have  finished  husking  in  number  six 
teen  and  have  begun  cutting  wood  back  of  number 
seven. 

Mrs.  Gunson  has  just  sent  a  barrel  of  apples 

her  brother,  Dugald  D'Arose,  who 
Africa. 

lives 

to 
in  South 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  W.  Lake  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wm. 
last 

H a r t s a ch  of  Vermontville,  were  visitors  here 
Friday. 

T.  E.  Quinby,  with  '89,  of  the  Detroit  Free  Press, 
last 
the  guest  of  Prof,  and  Mrs.  Woodworth 

w as 
Saturday. 

Mrs.  M.  G.  Kains  is  visiting  in  Lansing.  She  at 
tended  the  foot  ball  game  at  t he  College  Saturday 
afternoon. 

N.  M.  Morse,  '96,  a nd  E.  M.  Kanter,  w i th  '96  m, 

were  at  Saturday's  foot  ball  game.  The  latter  um 
pired  the  game. 

The  King's  Daughters  will  meet  with  Mrs.  Davis 
on  Wednesday  afternoon  at  three  o'clock.  Lesson, 
I.  John,  Chapter  II.  Text,  the  word  "go." 

The  Y.  W.  C.  A.  will  give  a  reception  in  the  Ladies' 
parlors  in  Abbot  Hall  Friday  evening,  October  30, 
from  7:30  to  10,  to  which  all  college 
a re 
invited. 

people 

the  squirrels  on 

H a ve  you  noticed 

the  campus? 
Some  are  white,  some  have  no  hair  and  some  have 
coats  t h at  are  "tattered  and  torn." 
It  is  their  moult 
ing  seasou. 

The  turnips  sown  on  the  "curiosity  strip"  for  five 
successive  weeks,  beginning  the  first  of  July,  have 
just  been  gathered.  The  earliest  sowing  gave 
the 
largest  yield,  but  later  sowings  were  of  better  quality. 
the  entertainment  to  be  given  by 
the  King's  Daughters  in  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  rooms  next 
talk  on  Persia 
Friday  evening.  Mrs.  Esselstyne's 
will  be  worth  hearing.  Light  refreshments 
follow. 
Admission,  10c. 

Do  not  forget 

The  following" is  quoted  from  a  co-ed.  and  so  ought 
to  be  authentic:  "If  a  co-ed  w a n ts  to  say  t h at  a  boy 
is  an  Agriculturist,  she  says,  ' He  is  a-nag,'  meaning 
that  he  is  "an  Ag."  Any  boy  might  be  highly  com 
plimented  to  be  called  'a  nag.'  " 

At  the  Ingham  Co.  Pomona  Grange,  which  meets 
in  Lansing  next  Friday  and  Saturday,  the  following 
topics  will  be  presented  by  M.  A.  C.  people:  "Ladies' 
Course  at  M.  A.  C ,"  Prof.  Edith  McDermott;  "Boys' 
Course  at  M.  A.  C ,"  H.  E.  Van  Norman,  '97;  Dis 
cussion  on  " H ow  to  Keep  Apples  for  Winter  and 
Spring  Use,"  O.  C.  Wheeler,  '87.  There  will  also  be 

given  an  address  by  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Mayo,  whom  we 
claim  as  one  of  ours. 

Those  t a k i ng  the  Ladies'  Course  have  one  hour  a 
week  of  shop  work.  L a st  F r i d ay  twenty-two  ladies 
first 
took  their  first  lesson  in  the  wood-shop.  Their 
work  is  box  construction,  and  they  begin  by  making 
a  plain  box, 9%x5%x5% in.  This  one  article  brings  into 
use  planes,  try-square,  rip-saw,  crosscut-saw,  back-
saw,  scriber,  hammer,  marking-gauge,  brace  and  bits, 
and  screw-driver.  One  of  our  editors,  who  shall  be 
nameless,  has 
les 
sons  given  the  ladies  be  on  " H ow  to  drive  a  nail." 

suggested 

t h at 

first 

the 

six 

in 

take 

'  s w a mp  on  each 

One  fine  Saturday  not  long  since  four  of  our  young 
"Bachelors"  determined  upon  a  trip  to  Grand  Ledge. 
Messrs.  Longyear  and  N e w m an  wisely  chose  to  go 
I by  t r a i n;  while  Messrs.  P a s h by  and  True,  with  a 
the 
j natural  bent  to  pedestrianism,  must 
beauty  of  the  a u t u m n al  scenery  more  leisurely  and 
they 
go  afoot.  The  scenery  w as  charming  until 
|  came  to  where  the  whole  four  rods  of  roadway  w as 
taken  up  by  a  pond  of  water,  which  extended  to  the 
tried  crawling  along 
the  top  of  a  fence  on  one  side,  but  soon  came  to  a 
place  where  there  w as  no  fence.  Here  w as  a  dilem 
ma,  but  "Cy's"  mathematics  and  muscle  soon  over-
!  came  all  difficulties.  They  went  back  to  dry  ground, 
stockings,  True 
Pashby 
took  off  his 
considerable 
mounted  to  his  shoulders,  and 
laughter,  punctuated  with  commas 
splashing  and 
and  semicolons  of  mud,  the  two  found 
themselves 
ashore  on  the  Grand  Ledge  side.  They  all  came  back 
by  train. 

side.  They 

shoes  and 

after 

THE  TESTING  OF  MATERIALS  OF  CONSTRUC 
TION. 

A R T H UR  L.  WESTCOTT. 

During  the  summer  term  the  Juniors  in  the  Mechan-
!  ical  Engineering  course  spend  t wo  and  one-half  hours 
per  week  in  testing  the  strength  and  other  properties 
of  iron,  steel,  and  other  materials  of  construction. 
Specimens  to  be  tested  are  carefully  prepared  in  the 
machine  shop,  being  cut  to  uniform  length  and  turned 
j the  entire  length.  The  ends  of  the  piece  are  left  large 
I  and  the  middle  portion  is  turned  down  about  one-
;  eighth  of  an  inch  less  in  diameter  for  a  length  of 
about  eight  inches,  great  care  being  taken  to  get  this 
•  middle  portion  perfectly  cylindrical. 

increase  of 

The  operation  of  making  t he  test  of  a  b ar  prepared 
I  in  this  w ay  consists  of  applying  loads  until  the  piece 
is  broken,  observations  being  t a k en  of  the  amount  of 
stretch  of  the  piece  corresponding  to  each  successive 
increase  of  the  load.  T he  elastic  limit,  or  t h at  point 
where  an  increase  of  the  load  produces  a  more  t h an 
proportionate 
the  elongation,  is  also 
noted.  The  test  as  above  described  gives  the  three 
most  important  qualities  of  iron,  t h at  is,  its  tensile 
strength,  ductility,  and  t he  ratio  of  the  stress  at  elas 
tic  limit  to  the  breaking  stress,  and  its  value  for  any 
given  purpose  may  be  largely  determined 
thereby. 
Tests  of  the  tensile  strength  only,  without  t a k i ng  ac 
count  of  the  ductility  or  elastic  limit  are  usually  of 
little  use,  as  the  ability  of  a  given  material  to  resist 
shocks,  and  sudden  applications  of  load,  and  continu 
ally  varying  loads  depends  upon  its  toughness,  a  term 
t h at  is  understood  to  mean  a  combination  Of  strength 
and  ductility.  Thus,  in  specifications  for  boilers,  it  is 
customary  to  state  the  tensile  strength  and  percentage 
of  elongation  t h at  the  plate  shall  have;  and  sometimes 
the  elastic  limit  is  also  specified. 

The  ductility  of  a  test  b ar  is  determined  by  noting 
t he  percentage  of  permanent  elongation  t h at  is  pro 
duced  by  breaking  it  and  also  the  percentage  of  re 
duction  of  sectional  area  at  the  point  w h e re  the  piece 
is  broken. 
In  reporting  the  percentage  of  elongation 
of  a  piece  its  length  should  always  be  stated,  as  differ 
ent  results  may  be  gotten  by  simply  varying 
the 
length.  This  is  due  to  the  fact  t h at  besides  a  nearly 
uniform  stretching  of  the  piece  over  its  entire  length 
there  is  always  a  local  stretch,  extending  over  an 
inch  or  two  either  side  of  the  break  and  which  is  in 
dependent  of  the  entire  length  of  the  specimen. 
It 
thus  happens  t h at  a  short  specimen  of  a  material  will 
show  a  much  larger  percentage  of  elongation  t h an  a 

j  long  one. 

. 

inches.  T h at 

The  standard  length  of  test  b a rs  in  t he  M.  A.  C. 
testing  laboratory  is  eight 
is,  eight 
inches  in  the  length  over  wh?ch  measurements  of 
elongation  are  made.  The  extension  of  t he  test  b ar 
under  loads  t h at  a re  within  t he  elastic  limit  being 
very  small,  a  fine  instrument  is  required  to  measure 
it.  This  instrument,  called  an  extensometer,  consists 
of  a  pair  of  fine  and  accurate  screws,  each  one  of 
which  is  provided  with  a  micrometer  dividing  head, 
ten-thou-

>  by  means  of  which  an  extension  of  one 

sandth  of  an  inch  m ay  be  measured.  The  end  of  each 
screw  comes  in  contact  with  a  contact  piece,  a nd 
w h en  contact  takes  place  between  them  an  electric 
circuit  is  closed,  ringing  a  bell.  This  device  insures 
a  very  delicate  contact,  and  close  and  accurate  meas 
uring  becomes  possible.  Up  to  the  elastic  limit  t he 
extensions  measured  by  the  extensometer  a re  propor 
tional  to  the  loads  applied.  But  w h en  t h at  limit  is 
passed  t he  extensometer  shows  it  at  once  by  t he  in 
creased  extension. 

F or  the  purpose  of  comparison  of  the  elasticity  of 
different  materials  the  modulus  of  elasticity  is  cal 
culated.  By  this  term  is  m e a nt  t he  stress  per  square 
inch  of  section,  divided  by  the  corresponding  elonga 
tion  per  inch  of  length,  t he  stress  being  t a k en  within 
the  elastic  limit.  Thus,  suppose  a  rod  of  round  iron 
seven-eighths  of  an  inch  in  diameter  is  subjected  to 
a  stress  of  8,000  pounds,  and  t he  extensometer  indi 
cates  a  stretch  of  4-1000  inch  in  a  length  of  eight 
inches;  the  sectional  area  of  t he  rod  is  6-10  square 
inch,  and  t he  stress  per  square  inch  is 8,000  divided  by 
6-10,  equals  13,333  pounds.  The  elongation  per  inch 
length  is  4-1000  divided  by  8,  equals  4-8000  inch,  and 
13,333  divided  by  4-8000,  equals  26,666,0001bs.  per  sq. 
inch.  By  m e a ns  of  this  coefficient  t he  relative  elas 
ticity  of  different  materials  may  be  compared  and  the 
amount  of  elongation,  deflection  or  other  deformation 
of  any  member  in  a  s t r u c t u re  may  be  calculated  when 
the  stress  to  which  it  is  subjected  is  known. 

F or  the  pui-pose  of  investigating  t he  strength  and 
stiffness  of  shafts  and  other  pieces  subject  to  torsion, 
torsional  tests  a re  made.  Such  a  test  consists  in  sub 
jecting  a  prepared  specimen  of  the  material  to  suc 
the  same 
cessive  increments  of  torsional  stress,  at 
time  m a k i ng  observations  of  t he  a m o u nt  t he  piece  is 
twisted  over  a  known  length.  T h e re  is  in  process  of 
construction  in  the  M.  A.  C.  shops  a  simple  torsion 
testing  machine,  and  it  is  expected  t h at  t he  laboratory 
course  in  testing  materials  hereafter  will  include  tests 
of  this  kind. 

There  are  tabulated  below  the  results  of  some  tests 
of  iron  and  machine  steel  m a de  by  students  in  t he 
M.  A.  C.  testing  laboratory.  T he  t wo  specimens  of 
machine  steel  tested  are  notable  for  t he  high  tensile 
strength  shown,  combined  with  r e m a r k a b le  softness 
and  ductility.  A  piece  of  this  steel  w as  subjected  to 
a  hardening  test  by  being  heated  to  a  red  heat  and 
plunged  into  cold  water.  The  result  w as  a  glass-hard 
piece  of  steel,  showing  it  to  be  r a t h er  high  in  carbon. 

Common  Wrought 

Iron. 

Tensile 
Strength. 

Stress  at  Elastic 
Limit. 

-
e
u
d
e
R

.
a
e
r

f
o

A

f
o

n
o
i
t

t
n
e
C

r
e
P

No.  1 
No.  2 
No.  3 
No.  4 . . . .. 
No.  5 
No.  6 
No.  7 
No.  8 

52,600  lbs. 
" 
52,600 
" 
51,900 
" 
47,300 
" 
54.000 
" 
51,600 
" 
50,000 
" 
54,873 

36,843  lbs. 
" 
31,185 
" 
32,093 
" 
31.100 
" 
30,200 
" 
30,200 
" 
33,766 
" 
36,500 

45 
26 
22 
47 
22 
43 
21 
35 

a 
o
i
t
a
g

f
o

t
n
e
C

r
e
P

24 
15 
22 
27 
25 
23 
16 
21 

ModulU8  Of 
Elasticity. 

30,000,000 
27,000,000 
28,100,000 
30,418,000 
27,000,000 
25,900.000 
27.000,000 
28,500,000 

No.  1 
No.  2 

1 96,500  lbs. 
" 

96,600 

64,300  lbs,  1 53 
47 
62,900  " 

18  1  29,400,000 
18  31,500,000 

Mechanical 

Department. 

ROADS. 

[Read  by  H O N.  GEORGE  D.  C R I P P E N,  at 

t he 

Iron 

County  Institute.] 
The  problem  of  making  roads,  a l w a ys  one  of  dif 
ficult  solution  in  all  communities,  is  especially  diffi 
cult  in  communities  like  our  own. 

to  the 

In  older  settled  communities  the  energies  of  road-
repair 
makers  a re  confined  almost  entirely 
and  improvement  of  roads  which  h a ve  been  in  use  for 
m a ny  years.  W i th  us  t he  problem  is  largely  how  to 
make  new  roads  through  the  forest  fast  enough  to 
meet  the  necessities  of  the  settlers  on  our  wild  lands 
without  expending  more  money  t h an  t he  law  allows 
us  to  raise  for  highway  purposes.  T he  situation  in 
the  township  of  Stambaugh,  w i th  which  I  am  per 
fectly  familiar,  is  probably  typical  of  t he  situation  in 
every  other  agricultural 
this  p a rt  of 
Michigan.  L a st  spring  we  had  about  25  miles  of 
highway  in  the  township,  all  of  which  had  been  cut 
out  of  the  forest  in  t he  past  8  years;  there  w as  a 
very  pressing  demand  for  at  least  6  miles  of  new 
highway;  and  our  highway  fund  w as  one  thousand 
dollars,  or  $40  per  mile  for  the  roads  already  in  ex 
istence,  all  of  which  were  sadly  in  need  of  repairs. 

township 

in 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OCTOBER  20, 

1896. 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  R E C O R D. 

3 

W i th  this  condition  of  affairs  existing,  t he  m a k i ng 
of  first  class  roads  is  out  of  t he  question  with  us  at 
present,  and  t he  real  question  for  us  to  consider  is 
how  to  get  the  most  benefit  to  t he  greatest  n u m b er 
of  people  with  t he  m e a ns  at  our  disposal. 

The  first  and  most  important  thing  to  be  considered 
in  building  a  new  road  is  its  location.  About  all  t h at 
can  be  done  at  present  in  the  w ay  of  building  new 
roads  is  to  build  m a in  roads  which  shall  serve  as 
outlets  for  a  large  number  of  settlers,  although  they 
may  pass  the  doors  of  very  few. 
In  locating  these 
roads  t he  benefit  to  the  general  public  should  always 
be  kept  in  mind,  r a t h er  t h an  t he  benefit  to  any  one 
If  you  can  only  build  t wo  miles  of  new 
individual. 
road  in  a  year,  it  is  better  to  build  it  to  accommodate 
ten  settlers  t h an  to  build  it  to  accommodate  only  five. 
If  you  can  build  three  miles  it  is  better  to  locate  it  so 
it  will  pass  within  half  a  mile  of  each  of  a  dozen 
settlers  who  have  no  outlet,  t h an  to  build  it  directly 
to  the  doors  of  two  or  three  and  leave  the  others  as 
far  from  a  road  as  ever. 
If  you  have  $100  to  spend 
in  repairing  a  piece  of  road,  it  is  better  to  spend  it  on 
a  piece  of  very  bad  road,  t h an  to  spend  it  making  im 
provements  on  a  piece  of  fairly  good  road;  it  is  bet 
ter  to  spend  it  repairing  a  road  traveled  by  50  persons 
t h an  a  road  traveled  by  10  persons.  All  roads  should 
be  located  with  reference  to  the  future  needs  of  the 
country,  and  great  care  should  be  taken  not  to  locate 
a  road  for  temporary  convenience  t h at  will  be  likely 
to  be  abandoned  at  some  future  time  because  it  does 
not  serve  the  public,  and  thereby  lose  to  the  public 
the  money  expended  on  the  road. 
In  other  words 
care  should  be  taken  to  locate  only  such  roads  as  will 
be  of  permanent  convenience  to  the  public;  and  when 
a  road  h as  been  located  and  built  it  should  not  be 
changed  except  to  benefit  the  public. 

t wo  points,  and 

in  making  roads 

I  think  t h at  the  first  proposition  in  geometry  might 
be  given  as  the  first  principle  in  road  making:  name 
ly,  t h at  a  straight  line  is  the  shortest  distance  be 
tween 
this 
t h at 
straight  line  should  be  a  section  line  whenever  prac 
ticable,  as  roads  running  across  farms,  and  especially 
diagonally  across,  are  a  great  annoyance  to  the  own 
institution 
ers.  T he  highway,  however,  is  a  public 
and  should  be  located  so  as  to  be  of  the  most  benefit 
to  the  public  with  the  least  expense. 
locating 
roads  reference  must  also  be  had  to  the  surface  and 
character  of  t he  soil.  A  road  t h at  is  all  up  and  down 
hill  is  not  by  any  means  a  straight  line,  although  it 
may  follow  a  section  line. 

In 

Sometimes  it  will  be  shorter  and  easier  to  go  around 
a  hill  than 
to  go  through  it;  and  again  it  will  be 
cheaper  and  better  to  grade  down  a  short  steep  hill 
to  a  reasonable  pitch  t h an  to  build  a  road  around  it, 
and  you  will  have  the  advantage  of  a  straight,  short 
road.  Swamps  and  sand  plains  should  be  avoided 
as  much  as  possible.  A  sandy  road  is  always  a  poor 
road.  Good  corduroy  roads  can  be  made 
across 
swamps  at  present;  b ut  t he  swamps  may  be  more 
unfit  for  a  roadbed  in  25  years  t h an  now,  and  the  time 
will  come  when 
timber  for  corduroys  can  not  be 
found  near  the  line  of  t he  road.  All  of  these  things 
must  necessarily  be  left  to  the  judgment  of  the  offi 
cials,  and  for  this  reason  only  men  of  sound  judgment 
should  be  chosen.  My  experience  and  observation 
lead  me  to  believe  t h at  a  large  majority  of  our  peo 
ple  know  how  to  do  good  work  in  making  roads  after 
they  a re  located;  but  m a ny  times  a  man  w ho  knows 
how  to  build  a  road  has  very  poor  judgment  as  to 
where  it  should  be  built. 

H a v i ng  selected  the  location  of  a  road  it  should 
he  laid  out  acording  to  law,  and  it  is  important  that 
litigation 
no  mistakes  be  made  in  this,  so  t h at  no 
may  arise  later.  W h en  properly  laid  out  t he 
first 
tiling  to  be  done  is  to  remove  the  timber,  which,  if 
possible,  should  be  cut  from  the  entire  width  of  the 
road  except  t h at  along  the  center,  which  should  be 
It 
grubbed  to  a  sufficient  width  for  the  roadbed. 
is  much  easier  to  grub  out  a  standing  tree  t h an 
to 
grub  its  stump,  and  for  this  reason  trees  along  the 
center  of  road  should  be  grubbed. 

In  many  cases  it  will  be  practical  to  lay  out  a  road 
which  can  not  be  completed  for  several  years. 
In 
such,cases  the  road  should  all  be  cut  out  as  soon  as 
possible,  and  the  grading  done  afterwards,  instead  of 
cutting  out  and  grading  a  portion  each  year.  Grad 
ing  can  not  be  done  to  advantage  until  the  roots  have 
rotted;  and  a  road  t h at  is  cut  and  grubbed  makes  a 
good  winter  road  without  grading,  and  a  winter  road 
is  better  t h an  no  road. 

Everything  t h at  is  done  to  make  a  roadbed  should 
be  done  along  the  center  line  of  the  road  unless  there 
is  a  very  strong  reason  for  leaving  this  line.  A  road 
bed  t h at  winds  from  one  side  of  the  highway  to  the 
other  is  a  long  one  to  build,  a  long  one  to  repair,  and 
a  long  one  to  travel. 

I 

If 

t h e re  a re  any  places  w h e re  w a t er  will  s t a nd 
they  m u st  be  drained  as  soon  as  possible;  and  steep 
hills  m u st  be  graded  down. 
In  cutting  down  hills 
and  filling 
in  ravines  it  is  wise  to  use  logs  or  any 
other  material  t h at  is  easier  to  move  t h an  earth,  so  as 
to  get  the  best  possible  grade  w i th  the  least  expense. 
In  filling 
in  in  this  w ay  logs  or  boulders  built  up 
along  t he  sides  of  the  e m b a n k m e nt  will  be  of  use  to 
hold  t he  e a r th  in  place  and  prevent  washouts.  A 
road  filled  in  with  this  kind  of  material  will  be  like 
ly  to  require  considerable  repairs;  b ut  after  it  is  first 
built  the  repairs  can  be  made  by  filling  in  earth,  and 
after  a  n u m b er  of  years  you  will  have  a  solid  am-
b a n k m e nt  which  will  be  as  good  as  if  it  had  been 
built  solid  from  t he  bottom  and  added  to  from  year 
to  year  as  funds  would  permit,  and  there  will  be  the 
advantage  of  having  had  a  better  grade  from 
t he 
first. 
If  a  hill  is  steep  with  a  sharp  top  pitching  both 
w a ys  it  will  be  profitable  to  cut  through  the  top  and 
take  the  earth  both  ways  to  fill  the  hollows;  but  if 
there  is  a  stretch  of  level  land  at  the  top,  it  will  be 
better  to  take  earth  from  the  sides  of  the  road  near  the 
foot  of  the  hill  and  fill  at  the  foot. 
In  grading  hills 
two  objects  should  always  be  kept  in  mind:  first,  to 
in  level  between  the  top  and 
reduce  the  difference 
bottom  as  much  as  possible;  and  second,  to  secure 
a  uniform  pitch  throughout  the  entire  length  of  the 
hill. 

After  the  roots  have  rotted  sufficiently  a  road  ma 
chine  can  be  used  to  a d v a n t a ge  to  grade  the  roadbed; 
and  whatever  work  is  done  then  should  be  done  thor 
oughly.  All  stones,  roots,  sods,  and  other  material 
that  will  not  make  a  good  road  should  be  removed. 
The  roadbed  should  be  graded  perfectly  smooth,  well 
rounded  in  the  center  and  packed  as  hard  as  possi 
ble.  The  drainage  must  be  perfect 
if  you  wish  a 
good  road. 
If  w a t er  is  allowed  to  stand  on  the  sur 
face  or  along  the  sides  of  a  road  it  will  not  stand 
heavy  wear;  so  perfect  drainage  is  absolutely  neces 
sary  to  good  roads.  H a v i ng  a  road  once  free 
from 
roots  and  stones  and  thoroughly  drained  a  little  work 
each  year  with  a  road  machine  will  serve  to  keep  it 
in  repair  and  if  the  soil  is  good  you  have  a  fairly 
good  road. 

The  broken  rock 

I  do  not  think  that  any  n a t u r al  soil,  however,  makes 
a  first  class  road  except  gravel;  so  to  make  a  perfect 
road  t he  surface  must  be  covered  with  gravel  or  some 
other  material. 
from  the  rock 
dumps  of  our  mines  is  perhaps  as  good  as  anything, 
but  such  material  can  not  be  hauled  very  far  without 
great  expense.  Before  gravel  or  rock  is  applied  the 
roadbed  should  be  made  as  perfect  as  possible  as  re 
gards  both  surface  and  drainage;  and  the  thicker  t he 
coating  of  rock  or  gravel  the  better.  When  the  ma 
terial  is  spread  on  the  surface  it  should  be  carefully 
raked  over  and  all  large  pieces  thrown  out  or  raked 
ahead  so  t h at  they  come  at  the  bottom  of  t he  cover 
ing,  and  the  covering  should  be  evenly  spread  over 
the  surface. 

A  roadbed  once  built  in  this  w ay  ought  not  to  be 
disturbed.  The  drainage  should  be  kept  perfect  and 
any  holes  should  be  filled  at  once  with  t he  same  ma 
terial  as  the  covering.  T he  whole  object  being 
to 
keep  a  perfectly  hard,  smooth  surface,  which  con 
stitutes  a  good  road. 

SKETCH  OF  CLARA  BARTON. 

CLARA  M.  STEEL, 

'98. 

P e r h a ps  one  of  t he  most  prominent  women  of  this 
age  in  which  so  many  women  are  prominent  is  Miss 
Clara  Barton.  Not.  only  since  her  decision  w as  made 
to  go  to  Armenia  has  she  come  into  prominence,  b ut 
a  large  part  of  her  life  has  been  spent  in  prominent 
positions  where  she  has  always  worked 
the 
good  of  mankind. 

for 

H er  education  was  good,  but  she  w as  a  self-made 
woman,  working  hard  for  several  years 
teaching 
school  in  order  to  earn  money  to  t a ke  her  through 
Clinton  Seminary  in  New  York.  L a t er  she 
t a u g ht 
again,  founding  a  free  school  for  girls  in  Bordentown, 
New  Jersey,  and  she  stemmed  t he  tide  of  opposition 
that  she  encountered  for  w h at  w as  then  a  daring 
measure.  One  traces  in  this  episode  the  qualities 
which  have  made  Clara  Barton  a  power  in  the  world. 
H er  health  failing  after  that,  she  visited  relatives 
in  Washington,  and  here  we  see  the  turning  point 
of  her  life.  At  t h at  time  t he  p a t e nt  office  w as  in  a 
state  of  confusion  and  discord.  Clerks  had  betrayed 
confidences,  and  the  secrets  of  many  who  had  filed 
patents  had  become  known.  Miss  Barton's  special 
characteristics,  a  remarkable  executive  ability,  and 
a  very  peculiar  directive  force,  secured  for  her  a 
position  where  she  had  charge  of  the  office.  At  t h at 
time  the  entrance  of  a  woman  to  so  prominent  a  po-

sition  w as  looked  upon  very  differently  from  the  w ay 
it  is  now,  and  t he  clerks  t h e re  used  their  utmost  in 
genuity  to  m a ke  t he  place  so  uncomfortable  for  her 
t h at  she  would  retreat.  But  Clara  Barton's  n a t u re 
w as  not  a  yielding  one;  she  remained  t h r ee  years  in 
t he  office  and  w h en  she  retired  she  h ad  brought  order 
out  of  chaos  and  transformed  treachery  into  honor. 
In  the  administration  of  B u c h a n an  she  w as  dismissed 
on  account  of  her  political  convictions. 

When  the  w ar  came  she  nobly  offered  her  services 
to  her  eountry  w i t h o ut  payment.  Patriotism,  with 
her,  w as  a  passion  second  only  to  her  love  of  human 
ity.  She  w as  among  those  who  awaited  the  arrival 
of  the  forty  Massachusetts  men  w ho  w e re  h u rt  by 
the  mob  in  Baltimore. 

The  instincts  of  her  special  vocation  then  asserted 
themselves,  as  she  met  the  wounded  soldiers  in  Wash 
in  the  w ar  she  obtained  permission 
ington.  L a t er 
followed 
to  go  to  the  field,  and  the  scenes  which 
were  tragic,  indeed.  She  w as  at  Bull  Run,  Cedar 
Mountain,  Spottsylvania,  and  t he  Wilderness. 

At  the  close  of  the  w ar  President  Lincoln  appoint 
ed  her  to  superintend  the  vast  correspondence  with 
the  friends  of  missing  soldiers.  F or  four  years  she 
worked  at  this  arduous  task,  and  in  this  time  she 
traced  over  thirty 
the 
thousand  of 
dead,  by  means  of  her  own  records  and  her  skill, 
which  amounted 
following 
other  clues. 
In  this  work  she  drew  freely  on  her 
personal  funds,  and  w h en  Congress  offered  later  to 
repay  her,  she  refused  compensation. 
this  had 
been  her  last  work,  w ho  could  estimate  the  work 
she  had  done  in  sustaining  and  comforting  the  broken 
hearted. 

to  positive  genius,  in 

t he  living  and 

If 

It  is  said  of  Florence  Nightingale  t h at 

In  1869  her  health  failed,  and  she  w e nt  to  Europe 
for  a  vacation.  There  her  last  noble  enterprise  w as 
begun. 
the 
dream  of  her  life  w as  t h at  there  should  be  an  order 
of  nurses  established.  This  dream  w as  fulfilled 
in 
the  Order  of  the  Red  Cross.  At  the  time  Miss  Bar 
ton  reached  Geneva  the  t r e a ty  had  been  signed  by 
almost  every  great  power,  except  the  United  States. 
M.  Moyneir  called  on  Miss  Barton  and  commended 
to  her  t he  new  organization.  She  at  once  entered 
upon  the  work  of  commending  it  to  her  own  country. 
It  w as  she  who  w as  t he  connecting  link,  and  t he  per 
sonal  influence  t h at  caused  the  American  branch  to 
be  formed.  After  incessant  labor  Miss  Barton  sue-
eeeded*in  getting  the  American  branch 
incorporated 
into  the  international  organization. 

Since  t h is  action  she  has  been  engaged  in  further 
t he 
ing  the  work.  At  the  fires  at  Washington,  at 
flood  at 
at 
the  e a r t h q u a k es 
Charleston,  the  Red  Cross  has  been  to  mitigate  and 
relieve  suffering. 

Johnstown,  and 

at 

And  now  she  has  again  undertaken  a  dangerous 
work  in  sailing  for  Turkey  under  very  trying  circum 
stances.  This  work  w as  undertaken  without 
the 
least  sensationalism. 
If  we  may  judge  by  her  p a st 
life,  her  work  will  do  much,  very  much,  for  human 
ity,  and  her  tenderness  and  devotion  to  an  unselfish 
purpose,  her  love  for  h u m a n i ty  and  her  reverence  for 
divine  law  will  be  manifested  anew. 

[Read  by  Hon.  George  D.  Crippen,  at 

the 

Iron 

county 

institute.] 

FOOT  BALL—M.  A.  C.  vss  KALAMAZOO. 

* 

L a st  Saturday  w as  an  ideal  day  for 

foot  ball, 
but  apparently  a  cold  day  for  M.  A.  C.  At  t he  end 
of  the  first  half  t he  score  stood  16  to  0,  in  Kalama- 
zoo's  favor,  a na  at  the  end  of  the  second  half  24  to  0. 
The  ball  w as  in  Kalamazoo's  possession  most  of  the 
time,  and  when  it  w as  not  M.  A.  C.  did  not  make  very 
substantial  gains.  To  an  outsider  it  looks  as  though 
our  boys  r an  back  too  much  with  the  ball.  W h e t h er 
this  w as  because  of  poor  interference  or  because  of 
thoughtlessness  it  should  be  remedied.  Perfect  your 
lower;  and  go 
interference,  boys;  play  faster  and 
ahead.  You  have  good  material,  now  make  a  good 
team. 

Among  the  Kalamazoo  players  were  several  of  the 
boys  whom  we  met  here  l a st  summer  on  the  base 
ball  diamond;  W a t e r b u r y,  catcher;  Warwick,  second 
base;  and  Smith,  center  field.  Their  whole  team  im 
pressed  us  as  being  a  fine  lot  of  gentlemanly  play 
ers. 

There  is  nothing  equal  to  live  steam  for  cleansing 
dishes  or  utensils.  Can't  you  m a n a ge  to  pipe  some 
steam  into  the  kitchen V  It  would  make  dishwashing 
a.  scientific  operation.  You  can  put  up  such  a  pipe 
for  t he  cost  of  maintaining  your  tobacco  pipe  one 
y ear.—R lira I N etc  Yorker.. 

4 

• 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  E E C O E D. 

OCTOBER  20,  1896. 

The  M.  A.  C.  Reeord. 

PUBLISHED  WEEKLY  BY THE 

MICHIGAN  AGKICULTURAL  COLLEGE 

E D I T ED  BY  T HE 

F A C U L T Y, 

ASSISTED  BY T HE STUDENTS. 

ADDRESS  A LL M A IL  TO  LOCK  B OX 263,  LANSING,  M I C H. 

SUBSCRIPTION,  50  CENTS  P ER  TEAR. 

Business  Office  with  ROBERT  SMITH  PRINTING  Co.,  Printers  and 
Binders.  108-120 Michigan  Ave.  West, Lansing,  Mich. 

Entered  as second-class matter  at  Lansing, Mich. 

For  various reasons  T HE  M.  A.  C.  RECORD  is  occasionally  sent 
to  those  who  have  not  subscribed  for 
the  paper.  Such  persons 
need  have  no hesitation  about  taking  the  paper  from  the  post-
office,  for  no  charge  will  be  made  for  it.  The  only  way,  how 
ever,  to  secure  the  RECORD  regularly  is  to  subscribe. 

SPECIAL  COURSES  IN  HORTICULTURE. 

P R O F.  L.  R.  T A F T. 

T he  college  will  offer  two  courses  in  Horticulture, 
t h at  will  be  conducted  along  about  the  same  lines  as 
those  in  agriculture.  On  account  of  the  growing  im 
portance  of  commercial 
the 
courses  will  be  devoted  to  t h at  subject. 

fruit  culture  one  of 

The  instruction  in  fruit  culture  will  embrace,  (1) 
Nursery  Work,  including  the  propagation  of  trees  and 
other  fruit  plants  by  grafting,  budding,  layers  and 
cuttings,  and  the  handling  of  t he  stocks,  and  young 
trees  in  the  nursery;  and  (2)  Orchard  Management 
in  which  such  topics  will  be  considered  as  the  selec 
tion  of  the  soil,  and  t he  locations  for  the  different 
fruits, 
trees 
the  preparation  of  t he  land,  choice  of 
and • varieties,  planting  and  pruning,  cultivating,  fer 
tilizing,  spraying,  harvesting  and  marketing.  The 
care  of  the  different  fruits  will  thus  be  considered  in 
detail,  and  the  methods  employed  by  the  most  suc 
cessful  growers  of  this  and  other  states  will  be  dis 
cussed.  One  hour  each  morning  for  six  weeks  will 
be  devoted  to  the  consideration  of  the  above^ topics, 
and  all  of  our  more  common  fruits  will  receive  atten 
tion.  We  hope  also  to  secure  the  aid  of  some  of  the 
best  fruit  growers  of  the  state,  who  will  explain  the 
methods  t h at  have  been  most  valuable  with 
them; 
t he  results  of  their  observations  and  experience  can 
not  fail  to be  of  aid  to  beginners  in  fruit  culture,  while 
those  with  years  of  experience  will  be  able  to  obtain 
m a ny  points  t h at  will  be  of  value  to  them. 

So  far  as  is  possible,  the  lectures  will  be  illustrated 
with  actual  specimens,  and  the  principal  operations 
will  be  shown  in  t he  same  way. 

in 

Actual  practice 

the  various  operations  of 
pomology  will  be  a  leading  feature  of 
the  course. 
Two  or  more  hours  of  each  afternoon  will  be  devoted 
to  the  making  of  cuttings,  grafting,  budding,  prun 
ing,  planting,  spraying  and  other  such  operations  as 
the  nature  of  the  season  will  permit. 

As  supplementary  studies  t h at  will  enable  the  fruit 
grower  to  better  understand  the  requirements  of  his 
soil  and  plants  and  to  better  protect  them  from  their 
insect  and  fungous  pests,  some  time  will  be  given  to 
botany,  chemistry  and  entomology. 

Fifteen  hours  in  Botany  will  be  devoted  to  learning 
something  about  the  structure  of  roots,  stems,  leaves, 
and  t he  different  p a r ts  of  the  flowers  and  seeds,  and 
how  flowers  are  pollenized  and  crossed.  Fifteen  les 
sons  will  also  be  given  to  the  peculiarities  of  plants 
t h at  are  cultivated  for  fruit,  and  to  the  n a t u re  of 
some  of  the  more  common  parasitic  fungi.  Besides 
this  thirty  hours  will  be  spent  in  the  laboratory,  hand 
ling  and  observing  plants  with  t he  aid  of  micro 
scopes,  charts  and  books. 

In  Chemistry,  fifteen 

lectures  will  be  given  t h at  will 
t r e at  of  the  soil  and  the  sources  of  plant  food;  of  the 
na.tn.re_n no"  uses  of .fertilizers;  the  chemistry  of  plant 
growth  and  the  ripening  of  fruits  and  grains. 

The  fifteen  lectures  in  entomology  will  treat  of  the 
structure  and  life  history  of  the  insects  t h at  are  most 
. troublesome  to  the  fruit  grower,  while  thirty  hours 
will  be  spent  in  the  entomological  laboratory., 

The  course 

in  FLORICULTURE  AND  W I N T ER  VEGE 
it 
TABLE  GARDENING,  will  be  of  such  a  n a t u re  t h at 
wall  be  of  practical  value  to  all  persons  having  any 
thing  to  do  wdth  t he  growing  of  either  flowers  or  vege 
tables  in  glass  houses.  It  will  include  lectures  and 
lines:  (1)  Con 
practice  work  along 
the  growing  of  the  var 
struction  of  Greenhouses—for 
ious  crops.  Among  t he  topics  will  be  location,  mater 

the  following 

roof,  ventilators,  glass  and  glazing, 
ials,  walls, 
benches,  heaters,  pipes  and  piping. 
to 
the  consideration  of  t he  general  subject,  attention  will 
be  paid  to  the  requirements  for  special  crops. 
(2)  Propagation  of  Plants,  which  will  deal 

In  addition 

largely 

with  t he  methods  employed  by  florists,  such  as  seed-
age,  cuttings  of  various  kinds,  etc. 

(3)  Crowing  and  Care  of  Greenhouse  Crops,  such  as 
roses,  carnations,  chrysanthemums,  violets  and  other 
crops  of  the  florist,  and  lettuce,  radishes,  cucumbers, 
tomatoes,  mushrooms,  r h u b a r b,  aspargaus,  etc. 

As  in  the  course  of  pomology  we  expect  to  enlist  the 
services  of  some  of  the  leading  florists 
in  t he  state, 
who  wall  t r e at  of  the  growing  of  the  crops  with  which 
they  have  been  particularly  successful. 

The  College  greenhouses  afford  admirable  examples 
of  methods  of  construction,  and  as  all  of  t he  crops 
commonly  grown  will  be  found 
in  them,  they  will 
be  used  in  illustrating  the  lectures. 

T he  afternoons  for  three  weeks  of  the  course  will 
be  devoted  to  practical  work  along  the  various  lines 
covered  by  the  course.  The  students  will  be  required 
to  make  a  special  study  of  greenhouse  construction,  to 
d r aw  plans  for  and  make  an  estimate  of  the  materials 
required  for  houses  of  various  kinds,  including 
t he 
planning  and  locating  of  the  heating  systems.  Con 
siderable  attention  will  be  paid  to  actual  practice 
work  in  propagating  and  handling  t he  various  crops, 
and  an  effort  will  be  made  to  render  each  student,  so 
far  as  t he  time  admits,  familiar  with  the  more  impor 
t a nt  greenhouse  methods,  such  as 
ventilating,  potting,  and  the  general 
plants. 

firing,  watering, 
the 

care 

of 

The  florist  has  the  same  need  as  the  fruit  grower 
of  understanding  the  nature  of  plants,  soils,  fertili 
zers  and  insects,  and  the  students  in  this  course  will 
have  instruction  in  botany,  chemistry  and  entomol 
ogy,  the  subjects  being  treated  with  especial  refer 
ence  to  t he  needs  of  t he 

florist. 

Horticultural 

Department. 

THE  SPECIAL  COURSES  IN  LIVE  STOCK 

HUS-

BANDRY  AND  THE  DAIRY. 

P R O F,  C.  D.  SMITH. 

In  planning  these  two  courses  the  fact  is  not  for 
gotten  that  the  young  people  for  whose  benefit  they 
are  offered  come  from  the  farm  and  are  either  now 
engaged  in  one  or  the  other  of  these  important  lines  of 
farm  work  or  intend  later  to  become  so.  Without 
previous  training,  perhaps,  in  the  sciences  related  to 
agriculture  farther  than  they  are  given  in  the  com 
mon  schools  or  high  schools,  they  Will  not  care  for 
the  purely  technical  and  scientific  aspects  of  the  ques 
tions  presented  but,  feeling  the  shortness  of  the  time 
they  can  stay  here,  they  will  w a nt  every  moment  of 
it  devoted  to  something  of  practical  value,  to  some 
thing  of  which  they  can  m a ke  practical  application 
take 
when 
no 
up 
if 
other,  prominence  is  given  in  both  courses  to 
t he 
actual  practical  work  which  will  occupy  most  of 
their  time  in  later  life,  and  as  much  of  the  scientific 
matter  is  introduced  as  is  absolutely  necessary  for 
the  understanding  of  the  reasons  for  the  different 
steps  of  the  work. 

their  own  homes 
this 

they 
the  work 

to 
again. 

reason, 

return 

For 

to 

the  other  factors  of 

Following  this  rule,  the  most  prominent  feature  of 
the  special  course  in  Live  Stock  H u s b a n d ry  is  stock 
the  course  a re 
judging,  and 
grouped  about  it.  The  first  element  in  his  training 
grouped  about  it. .The  first  element  in  his  training  t h at 
a  successful  stock  raiser  m u st  acquire  is  t he  ability  to 
discriminate  between  different  animals  of  the  same 
strain  of  blood  and  tell  which  is  the  better  of  two  or 
more  animals  submitted  to  inspection.  A  sixth  sense 
must  be  developed,  an  instinct  which  perceives  almost 
at  a  glance  the  peculiar  merits  or  demerits  of  ani 
t he  student  will  be 
mals.  To  educate  this  faculty 
in 
given  constant  practice  every  day  next  winter 
examining  and  comparing  good  specimens  of  each  of 
the  different  prominent  breeds  of  live  stock  and  care 
fully  studying  the  significance  of  variations  in  their 
forms. 

Along  with 

the  selections  of  animals,  naturally 
comes  instruction  in  breeding  and  management.  No 
attempt  is  made-  to  go  into  the  scientific  discussion 
of  doubtful  questions,  but  the  plain 
fundamental 
rules  are  explained  and  illustrated  in  the  most  practi 
cal  w ay  to  better  prepare  the  young  m an  for  the  bet 
ter  handling  of  his  own  stock. 

In  this  connection,  too,  a  course  of  lectures  is  given 
first  on  the  theory  of  stock  breeding  and  later  on  t he 
practical  application  of  t he  known  laws  of  animal 
nutrition  to  the  feeding  of  stock.  Daily  demonstra-
tions  are  also  given  at  the  b a r ns  of  the  m a t t er  t a u g ht 

in  t he  class  room,  and  each  s t u d e nt  m ay  expect  to 
feed  each  of  t he  different  kinds  of  live  stock  for  a 
short  period  until  he  demonstrates  his  thorough  un 
derstanding  of  the  subject. 

It  is  impossible  for  t he  veterinarian  to  cover  in  a 
short  course  of 
lectures  t he  whole  subject  of  vet 
erinary  a n a t o my  and  medicine.  The  importance  of 
t he  subject,  however,  renders  t he  partial 
training, 
given  in  this  short  time,  of  inestimable  value  to  the 
man 
in  a  money 
making  w ay  thereafter. 

t h at  h as  to  deal  with 

live  stock 

The  growing  of  t he  field  crops  on  which  the  ani 
mals  a re  to  be  fed  is  a  very  important  one,  and  oc 
t he  entire  course.  T he 
cupies  an  hour  a  day  for 
profit  depends  as  much  upon  getting  the  food  stuffs 
cheap  as  upon  feeding  them  economically. 

In  the  special  course  in  dairy  h u s b a n d ry  there  a re 
twro  factors  of  equal  prominence,  t he  selection,  care 
and  feeding  of  t he  dairy  cow,  and  the  m a n u f a c t u re 
of  the  butter. 

Due  attention  is  given  to  the  former  by  a  systematic 
study  of  t he  dairy  form  and  continual  practical  ex 
perience  in  judging  dairy  cows  whose  records  a re 
known;  by  work  in  t he  stable  m a n a g e m e nt  and  feed 
ing  of  dairy  cows;  by  lectures  on  feeding;  and  by  a 
course  of  lectures  on  bovine  a n a t o my  and  hygiene. 
Daily  practice  in  the  butter  room  in  handling  milk 
and  cream  and  churning;  working,  salting,  and  pack 
ing  butter,  occupies  the  attention  of  the  student  in  the 
special  dairy  course  for  three  hours.  The  only  w ay  to 
learn  how  to  m a ke  good  b u t t er  is  to  m a ke  good  but 
ter  until  every  step  in  t he  process  has  been  gone  over, 
so  often  as  to  become  a  habit.  The  work  in  dairy 
chemistry 
is  intensely  practical  and  gives  the  stu 
dent  a  clear  idea  of  t he  reasons  for  the  successive 
steps  in  dairy  work  as  far  as  they  are  related 
to 
chemical  changes.  T he  lectures  in  dairy  bacteriology 
the 
supplement 
the  chemical  work,  often  explain 
causes  of  chemical  changes  and  emphasize  t he 
im 
thorough 
portance  of  perfect  cleanliness  and  of  a 
knowledge  of  t he  reasons  for  t he  precautions  t a k en 
to  prevent  infection  with  bad  and  undesired  germs 
and  the  cultivation  of  t he  microbes  which  give  the 
best  flavor  to  gilt  edge  butter. 

In  both  courses  t he  t i me  of  t he  student  will  be 
fully  occupied  every  hour  of  t he  day,  for  the  most 
p a rt  in  actual  practical  work,  but  opportunity  will  be 
given  for  daily  study  in  t he  library  and  habits  of 
reading  will  be  encouraged.  Systematic 
reading 
courses  will  be  marked  out  for  students  who  desire, 
and  the  F a rm  Home  Reading  Circle  will  furnish 
the 
books  at  a  very  low  price. 

Farm 

Department. 

WHAT  I  SAW  IN  NEW  MEXICO. 

G.  D.  MILLER, 

'99. 

About  two  years  ago  the  opportunity  of  a  visit  to  the 
west  presented  itself  to  me,  and  as  I  had  since  a  child 
longed  for  such  a  trip,  I  w as  not  long  in  m a k i ng  up 
my  mind  to  go. 

I  will  not  mention  the  scenery  between  here  and 
Colorado,  as  most  people  a re  familiar  with  western 
plains,  if  not  w i th  the  Colorado  cannon.  In  the  bor 
der  line  between  Colorado  and  New  Mexico,  or  nearly 
so,  there  rise  three  large  mountains  called  the  Span 
ish  P e a k s.  We  could  see  snow  on  their  tops,  although 
it  w as  then  summer. 

We  traveled  up  the  pass  between  the  mountains, 
rising  gradually  until  Ave  w e re  8,000  feet  above  sea 
level.  This  height  w as  calculated  by  m e a ns  of  a 
barometer.  After  crossing  into  New  Mexico  we  fol 
lowed  the  Rio  Grande  river  as  far  as  S a n ta  Fe.  We 
crossed  m a ny  a  basin,  plateau  and  desert  plain,  and 
also  m a ny  miles  of  solid  red  sandstone  standing  out 
from  500  to  800  feet  high,  like  blocks  set  down  in 
the  plain. 

We  stopped  at  the  Albuquerque,  which  lays  claim 
to  being  the  second  oldest  t o wn  in  the  United  States. 
It  w as  settled  by  the  Spaniards  shortly  after 
the 
settlement  of  St.  Augustine.  This  town  contains  the 
second  oldest  church  in  t he  U.  S.,  which  is  in.a  good 
state  of  preservation  even  at  the  present  day.  H e re 
we  called  on  an  old  priest  w ho  took  us  through  his 
vineyard  and  garden  and  also  into  his  wine  cellar, 
where  he  had  some  wine  which  w as  nearly  one  hun 
dred  years  old. 

The  streets  a re  narrow,  and  all  t he  houses 

look 
nearly  alike,  being  made  of  "dobie"  brick  and  only 
one  story  high.  Many  of  these  houses  have  no  win 
dows  whatever,  all  t he  light  being  admitted  through 
the  door. 
It  is  a  very  common  thing  to  see  a  native 
woman  leading  a  "razor  back"  pig  along  t he  street, 
or  a  Mexican  man  lying  full  length  in  t he  sun,  or  a 

i 

OCTOBER  20,  1896. 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  E E C O R D. 

5 

group  of Mexicans  gambling.  We  visited  m a ny  of t he 
mines,  a nd also  old Spanish  b a t t le 

fields. 

One  of  t he  most  interesting  sights  to  me  w as a 
stream  of  lava  w h i ch  h ad  flowed  down  t he  moun 
tain  side  a nd out onto  t he plain.  It  w as m a ny  miles 
long  and  from  t en to t w e n ty  feet  deep,  honeycombed, 
and  containing  m a ny  deep 
In  leaving  Al-
buquerque  we w e nt  south  through  t he Pueblo  village  wheeled  push-cart  w as  loaded  with  three  storage  bat 
Saguna. 

The  p a st  season  Mr.  H. A. Williams,  '98,  assembled 
a  n ew killing  machine  on t he lines  proposed.  A  two-

fit—grand 
success."  T he  result  of  such  newspaper 
scientific  work  is t h at  t he older  experimenters  refuse 
information  which  might  be  invaluable  to others, be 
cause  they  fear  to be  themselves  set up as  claiming 
impossibilities. 

fissures. 

IF  YOU  MAKE  A 

%#^# 

MISTAKE 
And get  in  the  wrong place  try 
Thompson  8c  Van  Buren  for 
your  next  job of  printing. 

T he  natives  a re of a  t r i be  of  ancient  Aztecs,  which 
is  nearly  extinct,  only  a  few villages  now  remaining. 
Their  villages  a re usually  built  in t he side  of  a  rock, 
a nd  in  a  half  circle,  w i th  one  building  above  t he 
other.  T he town  is  entered  over  t he  tops  of t he 
houses  by means  of  ladders.  T he houses  themselves 
are  entered  from  t he roof.  This  is for defense  against 
invasion.  This  industrious  people  (I say  industrious 
for  they  form  a nd build  villages,  construct  dams  for 
irrigation,  a nd have  a  good  local  government)  inhab 
ited  all of  New  Mexico  up to t he time  of the  Spanish 
invasion. 

We  procured  a  native  guide,  w ho took  us  to t he 
ruins  of  some  of  t he  old  towns,  one in  particular, 
about 
t w e n ty  miles  from  F t.  Wingate,  where  we 
resurrected  some  good  specimens  of their  ancient  pot 
tery  and other  work.  You m ay y et distinguish  t he 
form  of  some  of  these  ancient  towns,  although  noth 
ing  b ut  mounds  a re  left  to  mark  t he  spot. 
In the 
land  w h e re  once  stood  many  cities,  b ut a  few  now 
remain  and  they  are  gradually  becoming  things  of t he 
past. 

We  spent  t wo  weeks  in  t he  neighborhood  of  F t. 
Wingate,  which  is  about  five  miles  from  t he  con 
tinental  divide  between  t he  Zuni  a nd  Navajo  reser 
vations.  T he Indian  soldiers  at  t he  fort  a re  most 
ly  Chippewa  Indians.  We visited  several  of  t he  Na 
vajo  villages  a nd  purchased  several  of  their  char 
requires 
acteristic  blankets,  which  in  some  cases 
' y e a rs  of  labor  to  make. 
I  noticed  t h at  most  of the 
Indians  of  t h at  part  of  t he country  are much  smaller 
and  more  slightly  built  t h an  our northern  Indians. 
They  live  in  an  almost  wild  state  a nd  do all  their 
hunting  with  t he b ow a nd arrow,  as t he U. S.  gov 
ernment  does  not allow  them  to use 
firearms.  They 
herd  cattle  and  sheep,  and  seem  to me  to be  the  laziest 
a nd  filthiest  class  of  humanity  t h at  I  have  ever  seen. 
t h an  t he 
other  Indians  a nd a re mostly  employed  by t he  white 
people  a nd as  soldiers  at t he fort. 

The  Apaches  a re  brighter  a nd  cleaner 

We  visited  several  canons,  which  a re quite  numer 
ous  in  t h at  country.  Some  a re of  great  depth.  One 
in  particular,  t he Boxwood  canon,  through  which  we 
passed,  w as of  such  depth  t h at  when  at t he  bottom 
the  stars  could  be seen  in t he heavens  above. 

The  climate  of  New  Mexico  is all t h at  could  be  de 
sired.  T he light  sky a nd pure  a ir are  praised  by all 
them. 
who  have  ever  h ad t he  pleasure  of  enjoying 
Dew  never  falls  a nd  mist  is  a  thing  unknown. 
In 
fact  t he only  undesirous  peculiarities  of  t he  climate 
are  t he  high  winds  a nd tremendous  thunder  show 
ers  which  occur  at  frequent  intervals  at  certain  sea 
sons  of t he  year. 

K I L L I NG  WEEDS  W I TH  ELECTRICITY. 

P R O F.  P H I L IP  B.  W O OD WORTH. 

tracks.  Fairly 

The  October,  1895,  number  of t he College  Speculum 
contains  an abstract  of a  talk  before  t he  Natural  His 
tory  Society  on electrical  weed  killers.  T he basis of 
the  talk  was  the  experiments  made  by a couple of  men 
in  Chicago.  They  equipped  a  flat  car with  a  thirty-
five  horse  power  engine  and  dynamo  a nd  delivered  the 
current  to  t he vegetation  within  a  few  feet  of t he 
results  were 
railroad 
obtained  when  t he c ar  traveled  at  a  rate  of  about 
three  miles  per hour.  Apparently  all the energy  ex 
pended  was  converted  into  heat  a nd t he heat  burned 
up  t he plants.  At the Natural  History  Society  meet 
ing  mentioned  the writer  proposed  t he use of  an in 
duction  coil  a nd  condenser  arranged  to  give  a  dis 
ruptive  discharge  in  hope  t h at  such  action  would 
prove  its supposed  similarity  to lightning  a nd destroy 
the  life  of  plants  through  which  it  might  be  led to 
pass. 

successful 

The  a b s t r a ct  published  w as  copied 

extensively 
throughout  t he United  States  a nd w as re-edited a nd 
published  in magazines-in  Ireland  and  England.  Let 
ters  of inquiry  w e re  received  from  almost  every  State 
in  t he Union.  T he largest  number  came  from  farm 
ers,  next  from  p a rk  commissioners  a nd electric  light 
station  owners.  One  letter  w as  received  from  a  Cuban 
land  holder. 

The  last  time  t he abstract  came  to  my notice  t he 
words  "proposed—apparatus  costly—results  question 
able"  had  been  changed  to  "accomplished—cheap  OUT-

teries,  an  induction  coil  a nd  condenser.  T he  outfit 
would  deliver  a  torrent  of  s p a r ks  through  an  a ir 
space  of  six  inches.  T he  a p p a r a t us  w as  arranged 
to  distribute  the  discharge  to a  strip  four  to six inches 
wide  when  t he c a rt  w as pushed  along  at  ordinary 
walking  gait.  Almost  all vegetation  under  t he sparks 
would  appear  within  a  few minutes  as  though  it  h ad 
been  badly  frozen.  This  w as true  of  such  plants  as 
the  dandelion  a nd  most  of  t he  grasses.  We  hoped 
they  were  dead  clear  down,  t h at  t he  discharge h ad 
passed  through  the  roots.  But  the  first  shower  proved 
t h at  t he  roots  were  not  damaged  at  all.  The  dis 
charge  seems to be lost  when  it reaches  the  surface of 
t he  ground.  T he outfit  w as  tried  repeatedly  with t he 
same  result.  The  scheme  did  not  go  down  to  the  roots. 
If  you wish  to  k i l l ' a ll  vegetation  by  t he  heating 
method  you  would  probably  find  a  gasoline 
torch 
cheaper  and  easier  to apply  t h an  t he electrical  engine 
and  dynamo.  And t he  disruptive  discharge  method 
is  a  failure  except  in  case  of  green  house  plants.  A 
potted  plant  can be  arranged  so as to  send  t he  dis 
from  top to  bottom  by 
charge 
placing  t he pot in a  shallow  p an of  water. 
If  a  dis 
charge  is  sent  through  from  t he top of  t he plant  to 
the  p an t he plant  will  appear  frozen  a nd lop over  in 
a  few minutes  a nd will  not revive  on  application  of 
water.  B ut  here  again,  if  you  really  w a nt  to  kill 
green  house  plants  you  will  find  it cheaper  a nd easier 
to  pull  by the  roots. 

through  the  plant 

Department  of  Physics. 

The  Station  has  Fifteen  Bushels of 
BUD A  PESTH 
...WHEAT... 
Which  it  will  sell  at  seventy=five 
cents  per bushel.  Address 

CLINTON  D. SMITH,  DIRECTOR 

FrUSiDel. 

Heading  Beate 
SootrxxKiv  .  . . 

m  Sfy 

WE  QUOTE  THREE  POINTS, 

We  Carry  All  Grades. 
Repairing  Done. 

IF 

IS 

YOU  NEVER  MADE  A 
MISTAKE 
Be  sure  you're  started  right 
(for  Thompson  8c Van  Buren's) 
then  go  ahead. 

^ ^ ^ O T T A WA  STREET  EAST 

BOYS  . . . 

5U6K sells Furniture Rloni 

ALL  GOODS  DELIVERED  TO 
COLLEGE  FREE. 

Best  W o v en  W i re  Cots  -

Springs, 

$1 25 
-  1 50 

WE  S E LL  E V E R Y T H I N G. 

M. J. & B. M.  B U CK 

O P EN 

E V E N I N G S. 

LOWEST  PRICES 

WILL  BE QUOTED TO  SCHOOL LIBRARIES 

and  others  sending  lists  of  books  wanted  to 

Lansing  Book  & Paper  Co.,  Lansing,  Mich, 

18 

OP  M I C H I G A N. 

Sound 
and 
Cheap 

Incorporated under  the  laws of Michigan  by 100 leading 

Michigan  Bankers. 

HOME  OFFICE,  L a n s i n g,  Mich. 

W.  E.  TRAGER, 

DEALER  IN 

FRESH #  SALT MEATS 

FRED  SHUBEL 

5 09  Michigan  Avenue  East. 

CRAB  A  PAIR 

goods  at  p r i c es 

f ar  below 

a c t u al  v a l u e.  We  h a ve 

W h i le 

t h ey 

a re 

g o i n g.  We 

n ow 

c l o s i ng 

o ut  m a ny 

a re 
l i n es  of 

d i v i d ed  t he 

e n t i re 

l i ne  i n to 

t h r ee 

l o t s, 

to  close  o ut  as  follows: 

For One Dollar 
Men's  $1.50  Work  Shoes 
Ladies'  $2.00  Cloth  Top Shoes 
Ladies'$1.50  and  $1.25  Oxford  Shoes 
Ladies'  $1.50  Fine  Kid Shoes 
Girls'  $1.50  School  Shoes,  11 to 2 
Boys'  $1.25 School  Shoes,  11 to 2 

For One Ninety-Five 
Men's  $3.00  Needle  Toe Shoes 
Men's  $3.00  Vici  Kid  Shoes 
Ladies'  $3 00 Needle  Toe  Kid  Shoes 
Ladies'  $2.50  Brown  Shoes,  (Needle 
Toe) 

Ladies'  $3.50  Hand  Turned 

(Plain 

Toe) 
Ladies'  $2.50  Oxfords  (all  styles) 
Boys'  $2.50  Finest  Calf  Shoes 

For  Two Ninety-Five 
Men's  $5 and  $4 Patent  Leather  Shoes 
Men's  $4 Vici  Kid  Shoes 
Ladies  $4  Needle  Toe  Shoes  (lace 
or  button) 
Ladies'  $4.50  Cork  Sole  Shoes  (plain 
toe) 
Ladies'  $5  Patent  Leather  Shoes 
Ladies'  $4  and  $3.50  Welt  Sole  Shoes 
Ladies'  $3.50 and  $3  Oxford  Shoes 

And  Many  More  Styles  which  we haven't  room  to describe. 

i ^ ^ T HE  GOODS  MUST  BE  SOLD. 

REPAIRING 
SHOES REPAIRED AND  RUBBERS 
MENDED 

C.  D.  WOODBURY 

103 
WASHINGTON  AVE. 
SOUTH 

6 

T H E M.  A.  C.  R E C O R D. 

OCTOBER  20,  1896. 

BOARD  OF  A G R I C U L T U R E. 

Hon.  F r a n k l in  Wells,  P r e s i d e nt 
Hon.  Chas.  W.  Garfield 
Hon.  Chas.  F.  Moore 
Hon.  C.  J.  Monroe 
Hon.  H e n ry  Chamberlain 
Hon.  W.  E.  Boyden 
Gov.  J o hn  T.  Rich 

Constantine. 
G r a nd  Rapids. 
St.  Clair. 
South  H a v e n. 
. T h r ee  Oaks. 
Delhi  Mills. 
-<«  • 

)  ,-, 
l  Ex-Omcto. 
j 

T he  P r e s i d e nt  of  t he  College 
Hon.  I.  H.  Butterfield,  Secretary.  .Mich.  Agr.  College. 

FACULTY  AND  OTHER  O F F I C E R S. 

J.  L.  S N Y D E R,  A.  M.,  P H.  D.,  PBESIDENT. 
R O B E RT  C.  K E D Z I E,  M.  A.,  M.  D., 
Professor  of  Chemistry,  and  Curator  of  the  Chemical 
Laboratory. 
W I L L I AM  J.  B E A L,  M.  S.,  P H. D., 
Professor  of  Botany  and  Forestry,  a nd  Curator  of  the 
Botanical  Museum. 
E.  A.  A.  GRANGE,  V.  S., 
Professor  of  Veterinary  Science. 
L E VI  R.  T A F T,  M.  S., 
Professor  of  Horticulture  and  Landscape  Gardening, 
a nd  Superintendent of the Horticultural  Department. 
H O W A RD  E D W A R D S,  M.  A.,  LL.  D., 
Professor  of  English Literature a nd Modern  Languages. 
H E R M AN  K.  V E D D E R,  C.  E., 
Professor  of  Mathematics  a nd  Civil  Engineering. 
H E N RY  H. BANDHOLTZ,  2D LIEUT.  6TH  I N F .,  U.  S.  A., 
Professor  of  Military  Sciences  and  Tactics. 
I.  H.  B U T T E R F I E L D, 
Secretary. 
CLINTON  D.  S M I T H,  M.  S., 
Professor of  Practical  Agriculture, a nd  Superintendent 
of  the  F a r m. 
CHAS.  L.  W E I L,  S.  B., 
Professor  of  Mechanical  Engineering  and  Director  of 
the  Mechanical  Department. 
W A L T ER  B.  BARROWS,  S.  B., 
Professor  of  Zoology  and  Physiology,  and  Curator  of 
the  General  Museum. 
F R A NK  S.  K E D Z I E.  M.  S., 
Adjunct  Professor  of  Chemistry. 
W I L L I AM  S.  H O L D S W O R T H,  M.  S., 
Assistant  Professor  of  Drawing. 
P H I L IP  B.  W O O D W O R T H,  B.  S.,  M.  E., 
Assistant  Professor  of  Physics. 
ALVIN  B.  NOBLE,  B. P H ., 
Assistant  Professor  of  English  Literature  a nd  Modern 
Languages. 
C H A R L E S.  F.  W H E E L E R,  B.  S., 
Assistant  Professor  of  Botany. 
W I L B UR  O.  H E D R I C K,  M.  S., 
Assistant  Professor  of  History  and  Political  Economy. 
W A R R EN  BABCOCK,  J R .,  B.  S., 
Assistant  Professor  of  Mathematics. 
EDITH  F.  McDERMOTT, 
Professor  of  Domestic  Economy  and  Household  Science. 
MRS.  L I N DA  E." LANDON, 
Librarian. 
H.  W.  MUMFORD,  B.  S., 
Instructor  in  Agriculture. 
G A G ER  C.  DAVIS,  M.  S., 
Instructor  in  Zoology. 
A.  L.  W E S T C O T T,  B.  M.  E., 

Instructor 

in  Mechanical  Engineering. 

D I CK  J.  CROSBY,  B.  S., 
Instructor  in  English. 
M E R R I TT  W.  F U L T O N,  B.  S., 
Instructor  in  Agriculture. 
BURTON  O.  LONGYEAR, 
Instructor  in  Botany. 
CYRUS  C.  PASHBY,  B.  S., 
Instructor  in  Mathematics. 
GORDON  H.  T R U E,  B.  S., 
Instructor  in  Dairying. 
CHARLES  E.  MARSHALL,  P H.  B., 
Instructor  in  Bacteriology. 

H.  E.  SMITH,  B.  S. 

# 

Instructor  in  Mechanical  Engineering. 
K.  L.  BUTTERFIELD,  B.  S., 
Supt.  Farmers'  Institutes  and  College  Field  Agent. 
D.  B.  B A L D W I N, 
Engineer. 
THOMAS  GUNSON, 
F o r e m an  of  Greenhouse. 
F.  C.  K E N N E Y, 
Assistant  Secretary. 
E R N E ST  W I T T S T O C K, 
F o r e m an  of  the  F a r m. 
W.  S.  LEONARD. 
F o r e m an  of  Machine  Shop. 
T H O M AS  D U R K I N, 
F o r e m an  of  the  Horticultural  D e p a r t m e nt 

C H A R L ES  E.  H O Y T, 
F o r e m an  of  t he  Wood  Shops  a nd  F o u n d r y. 
E.  S.  GOOD. 
Clerk  to  President. 
C H A CE  NEWMAN, 
Clerk  of  Mechanical  D e p a r t m e n t. 

STATION  COUNCIL. 

Clinton  D.  Smith,  M.  S 
J o n a t h an  L.  Snyder,  Ph.  D.,  P r es 
L.  R.  Taft,  M.  S 
Robert  C.  Kedzie,  M.  A.,  M.  D 
I ra  H.  Butterfield 

Director  a nd  Agriculturist. 
Ex-officio. 
Horticulturist. 
Chemist. 
. . S e c r e t a ry  a nd  T r e a s u r e r. 

ADVISORY  AND  ASSISTANT  S T A F F. 

A.  A.  Crozier,  M.  S 
Assistant  in  Agriculture. 
H e r b e rt  W.  Mumford,  B.  S.  .Assistant  in  Agriculture. 
Assistant  in  Horticulture. 
H.  P.  Gladden,  B.  S 
Assistant  in  Horticulture. 
M.  L.  Dean 
.Assistant  in  Chemistry. 
Thorn  Smith,  B.  S 
Consulting  Veterinarian. 
E.  A.  A.  Grange,  V.  S 
Consulting  Entomologist. 
G.  C.  Davis,  M.  S 
Botanist. 
Chas.  F.  Wheeler,  B.  S 
Mrs.  L.  E.  Landon 
Librarian. 
In  charge  of  Sub-Station. 
T.  T.  Lyon,  So.  H a v en 
In  charge  of  Apiary. 
R.  L.  Taylor,  Lapeer 

S T R I C T LY  FIRST-CLASS  PHOTOGRAPHY  AT 

L E C L E A R ' S. 

Department 

OFFERS  FOR  SALE: 

Two  very  fine 
Duroc  Jersey  Sows, 

seven  months  old,  eligible  to  registry;  all 
right  in  color  and  form. 

SUB-STATIONS. 

Grayling,  Crawford  county,  80  acres  deeded. 
South  Haven,  Van  Buren  county,  10  acres  rented;  5 

acres  deeded. 

Six  Poland 
China  Pigs, 

O F F I C I AL  DIRECTORY. 

Sunday  Chapel  Service—Preaching 

at  2:30  P.  M. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.—Holds 

regular  meetings  every  Thursday 
evening  at  6:30  and  Sunday  evenings  at  7:30.  S.  H. 
Fulton,  President.  C.  W.  Loomis,  Cor.  Secretary. 

Y.  W.  C.  A.  regular  weekly  meetings  for  all  ladies 
the  campus  Tuesday  evenings  at  8  o'clock, 
in 
on 
ladies'  parlors.  Meetings  on  Sunday  evenings 
t he 
with  t he  Y.  M.  C.  A.;  Miss  Edith  F.  McDermott,  presi 
dent;  Miss  Alice  Georgia,  cor.  secretary. 

Natural  History 

second 
Society—Regular 
Friday  evening  of  each  month  in  the  chapel  at  7:30. 
H.  C.  Skeals,  President.  W.  R.  Kedzie,  Secretary. 

meeting 

Botanical  Club—Meets 

first  and  third  Friday  of  each 
month  in  Botanical  Laboratory  at  7:30.  T.  Gunson, 
President.  W.  R.  Kedzie,  Secretary. 

Dante  Club—Meets  every  Wednesday  evening  at  7:30 
in  Prof.  W.  O.  Hedrick's  office,  College  Hall.  Prof.  A. 
B.  Noble,  President. 

M.  A.  C.  Athletic  Association—C.  B.  Lnaiter,  Presi 

dent.  G.  B.  Wells,  Secretary. 

Columbian  Literary 

Society—Regular  meeting  every 

Saturday  evening  in  their  rooms  in  the  middle  ward  of 
Wells  Hall,  at  7:00.  E.  H.  Sedgwick,  President.  C.  F. 
Austin,  Secretary. 

Delta  Tau  Delta  Fraternity—Meets 

Friday  evenings 
in  the  chapter  rooms  on  fourth  floor  of  Williams  Hall, 
at  7:00.  W.  Judson,  President.  C.  P.  Wykes,  Sec 
retary. 

Eclectic  Society—Meets 

on  fourth  floor  of  Williams 
Hall  every  Saturday  at  7:30  P.  M.  C.  D.  Butterfield, 
President.  Manning  Agnew,  Secretary. 

Feronian  <S'ociefa/—Meets  every  Friday  afternoon  at 
1:00  in  Hesperian  Rooms.  Miss  Sadie  Champion,  Presi 
dent.  Miss  Marie  Belliss,  Secretary. 

Hesperian 

Society—Meetings 

every  Saturday 
evening  in  the  society  rooms  in  the  west  ward  of  Wells 
Hall  at  7:00.  J.  D  McLouth,  President.  R . H . O s b o r n e, 
Secretary. 

held 

Olympic  Society—Meets 

on  fourth  floor  of  Williams 
Hall  every  Saturday  evening  at  7:00.  H.  W.  Hart, 
President.  C.  J.  Perry,  Secretary. 

Phi  Delta  Theta  Fraternity—Meets 

on  Friday  even 
in  chapter  rooms  in  Wells  Hall,  at  7:00.  W.  G. 

ing 
Amos,  President.  F.  H.  Smith,  Secretary. 

Union  Literary  Society—  Meetings  held  in  their  Hall 
every  Saturday  evening  at  7:00.  E.  A.  Robinson,  Presi 
dent.  S.  F.  Edwards,  Secretary. 
Tau  Beta  Pi  Fraternity—Meets 

every  two  weeks  on 
Thursday  evening 
in  the  tower  room  of  Mechanical 
Laboratory.  G.  A.  Parker,  President.  E.  H.  Sedgwick, 
Secretary. 

Club  Boarding  Association—I. 

L  Simmons,  Presi 

dent.  H.  A.  Dibble,  Secretary. 

Try  and  Trust  Circle  of  King's 

Daughters—Meets 

every  alternate  Wednesday.  Mrs.  W.  B. Barrows,  Pres 
ident.  Miss  Lilian  Wheeler,  Secretary. 

• 

six months  old, in  excellent  breeding  condi 
tion, large and thrifty;  pedigree the best. 

A pure  bred  Holstein-
Friesian  Bull  Calf, 

born in September, 1896, out of  College Rosa 
Bonheur, a daughter  of  Rosa  Bonheur  Fifth 
with  a record  of  106  lbs. of  milk  in  a  day. 
College Rosa gave  50  lbs. of  milk  a day for 
seven  consecutive  days  in  October, contain 
ing nearly twelve pounds of  butter.  The sire 
of  the calf  was Maurice Clothilde, for  several 
years at the head of  the  Holstein  herd  at the 
College.  This calf  will  develop  into  a  bull 
fit  to head  any Holstein  herd  in the country. 

...Also... 

Show  birds 

of  several of  the leading 
Breeds  of  Poultry. 

Address, 

CLINTON  D.  SMITH, 

Superintendent  of  Farm, 

Agricultural 

College, 

Mich. 

T HE  LATEST  P L A T F O R M. 

A  college  professor  received  a  letter  from  his 
d a u g h t er  in  K a n s as  which  gives  t he  latest  sample  of 
platforms. 

"Blanche  is  eight  years  old  a nd  h as  a  friend  of  the 
'Irene 
same  number  of  summers.  She  said  to  m e: 
and  I  h a ve  a  club—a  MeKinley 
h a ve 
club.  We 
speeches,  and  Irene  is  President  and  Vice  President, 
a nd  I  am  Secretary  and  T r e a s u r e r.  We  have  a  plat 
form  and  it's  such  a  nice  club!  W e ' re  going  to  h a ve 
badges!' 
I  w as  much  interested,  of  course,  a nd  said 
'How  nice!  W h at  is  your  platform?'  'Oh,  a  box,'  w as 
the  answer,  w i th  a  most  satisfied  air.  And, 
truly, 
I  t h o u g ht  it  w as  not  much  more  empty  a nd  w-ould 
do  less  h a rm  t h an  some  'platforms'  belonging  to  clubs 
t h at  count  themselves  wiser  t h an  those  children," 

OCTOBER  20, 

1896. 

THE  M.  A.  C.  RECORD. 

1 

NEWS  FROM  GRADUATES  AND  STUDENTS. 

L.  B.  Hall,  '82,  is  stumping  Ionia  county  for 

the 

Republican  ticket. 
B.  A.  Holden, 

'91,  superintendent  of  H a s t i n gs 

schools,  visited  t he  College  Saturday. 

L.  C.  Brooks,  '92  m,  h as  returned  to  Detroit  in  re 
sponse  to  a  request  to  come  back  a nd  t a ke  his  old 
position  in  a  d r a u g h t i ng  office. 

Phil.  Porter,  w i th  '99,  expects  to  enter  t he  U.  of 
M.  sometime  this  fall.  He 
reading 
medicine  in  his  father's  office,  508  Seventh  street, 
Detroit,  Mich. 

is  at  present 

L.  A.  Wilson, 

'M,  writes:  "I  spent  the  month  of 
September  stumping  through  Kalamazoo  and  adjoin 
ing  counties  for  the  " F r ee  Silver"  cause,  and  on  Octo 
ber  1st,  I  entered  the  law  d e p a r t m e nt  of 
the  uni 
versity." 

H.  M.  Howe,  with  '97,  is  still  working  for  t he  D.  M. 
Ferry  Seed  Co.,  Detroit,  Mich.  At  present  he  is  at 
Columbia,  Tenn.  He 
to  Detroit 
intends 
about  J a n u a ry  1,  b ut  will  canvass  A l a b a ma  and  Mis 
sissippi  before  his  return.  He  says,  "I  send  my  re 
gards  to  all  the  boys." 

to  r e t u rn 

During  t wo  sessions  of  the  legislature  Mr.  H a m 
mond  had  immediate  charge  of  educational  measures 
advocated  by  the  Department,  and  the  large  number 
of  important  laws  enacted  is  proof  of  his  ability.  He 
not  only  won  his  measures,  but  by  his  honesty  of  pur 
the 
pose,  loyalty,  and  never  failing  courtesy,  won 
esteem  and  good  will  of  every legislator.  The  members 
did  a l w a ys  like  his  cause,  b ut 
liked 
It  is  probably  true  t h at  no  Superintend 
Hammond. 
ent  ever  took  the  office  who  w as  so  familiar  with  the 
details  of  the  work,  both  in  the  office  and  in  legisla 
tive  halls.  Mr.  H a m m o nd  has  grown  up  in  the  coun 
try  schools  and  has  supervised  them.  He  has  attend 
ed  higher  institutions  of  learning  and  made  much  of 
private  study.  He  has  had  the  discipline  of  a  large 
experience  with  men. 

they  always 

From  the  Rural  New  Yorker  we  clip  the  following 
of 

stanza  a nd  wonder  if  it  is  not  from 
Maurice  G.  Kains,  '95: 

t he  pen 

Of  " b u g s"  t h at  chew  there's  not  a  few; 
Their  poison  must  be  eaten: 

But  bugs  t h at  suck,  outside  we  duck, 

Or  else  they'll  keep  on  eatin'. 
Then  P a r is  green,  'tis  plainly  seen, 

H as  got  to  go  inside,  sir! 

B ut  kerosene  with  soap,  to  cream— 
It  kills  them  through  the  hide,  sir! 

One  ounce  of  soap,  one  q u a rt  of  oil, 

One  pint  of  hot,  soft  w a t e r; 

One  quarter  hour  churn  up  with  power, 

Dilute  ten  times  you  oughter. 
Of  P a r is  green,  one  pound,  I  ween, 
To  each  two  hundred  gallons; 

Then  keep  well  stirred. 

It  is  inferred 

These  rules  will  save  you  millions. 

M.  G.  K. 
From  the  Michigan  School  Moderator  we  clip  the  fol 
lowing  regarding  one  of  our  honored  graduates,  J a s on 
E.  Hammond,  '86,  republican  candidate  for  Superin 
tendent  of  Public  Instruction: 

Mr.  H a m m o n d 's  first  intimation  t h at  his  n a me  w as 
being  considered  for  the  position  of  deputy  superin 
tendent,  w as  when  Mr.  Pattengill  came  to  Hillsdale 
a nd  offered  him  t he  place.  F or  nearly  four  years  he 
has  served  in  this  position,  and  it  is  not  too  much  to 
say  t h at  he  has  been  a  model  deputy.  His  organ 
izing  and  executive  power  is  marvelous.  Every  per 
son  coming  to  the  office  finds  a  most  courteous  and 
obliging  official  in  Mr.  Hammond.  H is  earlier  experi 
ence  in  a  law  office  gave  him  much  assistance  in  con 
sidering  questions  of  school  law,  and  his  compilation 
In 
of  the  school  l a ws  and  decisions  is  unexcelled. 
carrying  out  the  wishes  of  his  chief  he  has  shown 
a  loyalty  and  heartiness  most  noteworthy.  The  Su 
perintendent  knew  t h at  the  details  of  the  office  were 
well  cared  for,  and  therefore  has  spent  the  greater 
portion  of  his  time  visiting  schools  a nd  holding  edu 
cational  meetings. 

T HE  P A R A B LE  OF  T HE  W H E A T. 

The  favorite  advice  given  in  his  later  years  by  Pres 
ident  Martin  B.  Anderson  to  the  "boys"  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Rochester,  w as  not  to  be  in  a  hurry.  "  Re 
member  a l w a y s ,"  he  said,  " t h at 
first  growth 
of  any  seed,  and  t h at  the  most  important  to  its  after 
success,  m u st  be  m a de  below  the  ground.  Be  content 
if  for  a  long  time  you  have  to  work  without  seeing 
results.  By  the  amount  of  work  t h at  you  do  unseen 
by  men  and  u n k n o wn  except  to  God,  your  ultimate 
success  will  be  very  largely  determined." 

t he 

...ALWAYS  ON  T O P . .. 

D A V IS  &  CO 

1 04  W a s h i n g t on  A v e.  N o r th 

1 04 

Our  Winter  Goods  are  now  in.  We  will  be  pleased  to  show 
them  to  you. 

OVERCOATS,  ULSTERS,  BICYCLE  OVERCOATS,  PEA 
JACKETS  AND  VESTS,  SINGLE  AND  DOUBLE  BREASTED 
MELTON  SUITS,  ALL  UP  TO  DATE. 

Also  Full  Line  of 
Furnishings  and  Hats 

Gome in and see usanyway! 

To Close at Once! 

3 00  p a i rs  G e n t s'  R u s s et  S h o es 

3 28  p a i rs  L a d i e s'  R u s s et  S n o es 

REASON  FOR  CLOSING  O U T : - T OO  M A NY  RUS 

AT COST! 
J B S S O P & S O N,  CASH  S H OE  STORK 
M.  A.  C. 

H O L L I S T EH  B L O C K !. 

IS. 

S P E C I AL  R A T ES  ON  P H O T OS 

AT 

SHARPSTEEN'S  STUDIO. 

Phone  102. 

New  Phone  76. 

J,  G.  REUTTER, 

3 22  Wash.  Ave.  S. 

Fresn  and  Salt  Meats 

F i ne  C h i c a go  Beef  a  S p e c i a l t y. 
We are  Headquarters for all Kinds of  Home-Made Sausage. 

W.  S.  BAILEY 

109  M I C H I G AN  AVE.  W. 

CUSTOM  AND  READY  MADE  CLOTHING 
D  A.  S E E L E Y,  C o l l e ge  A g e n t. 

IR/.  ~w. 

IM:O:R,S:E, 

.  .  DENTIST  . . 

Hollister  Block. 

...COLLEGE  BUS... 

Leaves  M.  A.  C.  for  Lansing  at  8:30  a.  m.  and  1:30  p.  m. 
Returning,  leaves  Lansing  at  10:30 a.  m.  and  4:30 p.  m. 

TO OUR  FRIENDS 

And that includes everybody  who has ever  purchased 
a shingle or a foot of lumber of us,  we  desire to impress 
on your mind  the fact  that 

««WE  HAVE M0VEDIX> 

In our new quarters, we are better prepared to unload 
lumber on your premises than ever  before.  Years of 
experience  have  taught  us  a thing or two about  the 
lumber business, and  this experience may possibly be 
of  advantage to you  if  you  think  of  building.  Our 
facilities  are  unexcelled  and  we  are  at  your service. 

H.  W.  RIKERD 

Telephone  No. 51. 

Successor  to  Capital  Lumber  Co. 

...My... 
Neckwear  Stock 

Contains  all  the  Latest  Ideas  as  to 

.J 

SHAPE,  C0L0K  AND  PATTERN  and  the 
Price  Lower  than  ever  before.  Would  be 
pleased  to  have  you  come  in  and  see  it. 

BEFORE  PURCHASING  YOUR  FALL  AND  WINTER 
II  n  T1  Allow  me  to  show you  some  natty 
1 1 11  I  " ^P  to  Date"  styles.  Nothing  but 
reliable  qualities  find  place 
in  my  stock. 
Students'  patronage  solicited. 

Packages  left  at  Emery's  will  receive  prompt  attention. 
Livery  or  Bus  for  picnics  at  resonable  rates. 

NEW  PHONE 

H.  O.  P A L M E R. 

ELGIN  MIFFLIN. 

T HE  OUTFITTER. 

HAVE  YOU  FIVE  OR  MORE  COWS? 

If  so a " Baby " Cream Separator will earn its cost for 
you  every  year.  Why  continue  an  inferior  system 
another  year at  so great a loss ?  Dairying is now the 
only profitable feature of Agriculture.  Properly con 
ducted  it always pays well, and  must  pay  you.  You 
need  a  Separator,  and  you  need  the  BEST,—the 
"  Baby."  All  styles  and  capacities.  Prices,  $75. 
upward.  Send for  new  1894 Catalogue. 
THE  DE LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO., 

G E N E R AL  O F F I C E S: 

74  CORTLANDT  STREET, 

NEW  YORK. 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  K E C O KD 

OCTOBER  20, 

1896. 

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