gy at a ©. ftecori LANSING, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1896. NUMBER 40 VOLUME I. Prof. D a \ is W i ll Resign. We are soon to lose the services of G. C. Davis, '89. who, since graduation, has been in zoology and who. two years ago, w as appointed consulting zoologist to the experiment station. instructor Mr. Davis is compelled to give up his work here the - delicate because of health of Mrs. Davis. F or two years Mr. and Mrs. Davis have spent then- winters in California, and the climate there agrees with her so well t h at they have decided to m a ke their permanent residence in that state. Mrs. Davis is now at Kedlands. Cal.. and Mr. Davis will join her there about the middle of December. In the departure of Mr. Davis the College loses a hard worker and a valu able m an in scientic research. Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. Entertainment. The Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. C. A. un ited in giving a pleasant little enter the tainment Y. M. C. A. parlors. After an opening hymn and prayer the following pro gram was presented: last F r i d ay evening in Original poem, J. I). McLouth; song, by the double quartet; recitation, " J u st Before Christinas," Miss Bristol; "The Concensus of the Competents," Misses Chase, Phelps and Monroe; recitation, " W h at the Old Man Said," Mr. H u n t; the double song. "Steal Away." by quartet. the program in After dulged in a free-hand drawing con test, old-fashioned spelling school, and various other games until ten o'clock. It is the aim of these two associations to give an entertainment of this sort every three or four weeks. the guests Late Autumn Flowers. in blossom at On Noveml>er 3, day of general elec tion, the following twenty-seven hardy plants were found the college. Still others could have been found had it seemed worth while to leave the top uncut of most of the plaids in the botanic garden. Aubre- cress, cinque-foil tia (purple), Brook (white), (silvery), clover clover chick- (common), chickweed (red), weed (thyme-leaved), dandelion (com mon), mallow (common), May-weed, m u s t a rd (hedge), penny cress, phlox (moss pink), pepper grass (wild), Shepherd's purse, spear- grass, Speedwell (Buxbaum's), Speed (thyme- well (neckweed), Speedwell leaved), (com mon), tansy (Huron), violet (Canadian), violet (common blue), violet (blue vari ety), violet (pale). There are no doubt along the streams a nd in the woods and swamps three to ten others. tall buttercup, dandelion (fall), tansy Botanical Club. At the regular meeting last F r i d ay evening t he club adopted t he plan of members responding to their n a m es w i th a quotation, sentiment or obser vation. The first subject on the pro gram w as presented by Mr. Thomas Durkin, of t he horticultural depart ment, who related some of his experi ences while connected a n u m b er of years ago w i th t he nursery establish ment of t he late Win. P a r r y, of New Jersey.. He described in particular the in circumstances of t he introduction by Mr. .Parry of the Wilson Jr. blackberry, t he Wonderful peach a nd the Kieffer pear, from the l a st of which he m a de a profit of $40,000. Mr. D u r k in stated t h at each of these fruits was of acci dental origin and t h at most of our im t h at proved fruits had originated manner. T he few persons who were engaged in improving our fruits, how ever, had very encouraging results. As an instance of this he stated t h at the originator of the Jessie strawberry w as offered $2,000 for a single plant. The horticultural department of t he college lias been doing some work along this line, and this fall planted seeds of Nor thern Spy, Chenango Strawberry, Seek- no-Further .and other choice varieties of the apple. Mr. Skeels gave a talk on the flora of Delevan Lake, Wisconsin, an in teresting summer resort where he was employed last summer. The talk was illustrated by a sketch of the lake and by specimens the college her from barium. A notable feature of the flora of t h at locality is the absence of many of the best known flowers of our own states and the presence of numerous species from the prairie regions farther west. T he trilliums hepaticas and yel particularly low inissed, while amorpha canascens, bou- curious telona western encountered. President Gunson exhibited a speci aristolochia or Dutchman's men of pipe, a very interesting flower, which can now be seen at the greenhouse. erythronium were forms were and other racemosa Co-operative Associations. P R O F. W. O. H E D R I C K. The renewed disposition toward or ganizing a co-operative association at the College suggests t h at some descrip tion of these enterprises might be use ful in understanding them or in deter mining their feasibility at this place. The object of such organizations is nearly a l w a ys to do a w ay with the They enable profits of a middleman. the purchaser to deal directly with t he producer, from the charges for handling, risk, and in terest made by the retail dealer. t h us exempting him in h u m an Philosophically, these concerns are a product of altruism—the belief t h at in the spirit of common helpfulness be tween m an and man society is b e st or ganized, and t h at interde pendence, not in h u m an selfishness the highest good of all is obtained. Most notable examples of co-operative out growths are the Brook F a rm experi ment of Hawthorn, Ripley and Curtiss and the French workshop schemes of instances 1849. Of less conspicuous of co-operative shops or this spirit has been prolific throughout our own country, many hundreds having the past half been century. founded within stores Nearly always this co-operative dis position takes one of two forms. If employed to operate factories, farms, it is called productive co-opera etc., tion. When used merely to form co operative stores or purchasing agen cies it is called distributive co-opera tion. for is extremely simple. this latter form W h en reduced to actual necessities, it consists of an agent hired by t he per sons desiring to form the. union for the The machinery required is cheaper satisfaction of their w a n t s, who endeavors to collect those w a n ts them. More usually, and to satisfy in however, a company, formed which each co-operator becomes a shareholder. A board of directors is elected to supervise the business, a nd T he an agent is employed by them. members of such an organization se cure the commodities co-operated upon at cost; others w ho a re not members can secure t he same articles usually at Profits a re sometimes market price. made from this last feature of the busi ness which a re divided among the co- operators, or used to defray the ex penses of the business. a l w a ys found T he success of these undertakings ttpon the feel has depended a l w a ys their members. ing of unity among require a social consciousness They and s y m p a t hy not in competitive society. As Washington Gladden declares: uMen cannot co operate successfully for any purpose if the sole bond between them is self-in terest." They are of the same spirit as the union of men for educational or re ligious purposes, differing only in hav ing a different purpose. Some of the axioms of co-operation a re t he follow ing: Experience h as shown t h at an abso lute cash system of doing business is necessary. The fewer things co-operated upon and t he greater t he n u m b er of co- operators enhances directly the chances of success. An elaborate business re quires such a skillful agent t h at the savings of the business are encroached upon by his salary. Inexpensive management is neces sary, and the shareholder must confine his purchases, when possible, to the co operative organization. T he active interest of every s h a r e holder is required by the organization as an essential to its success. The principle of co-operation is a sound one. It is applied successfully to savings banks, building a nd loan as sociations a nd to m a ny forms of insur ance. Its opportunities, whether mor al, social or economical, seem in every w ay to merit promotion. Department of History and Political Economy. The Farm Fields. the and lane, beginning at The College farm extends north a nd south nearly a half. a mile Through the center for nearly its en tire length is a well-graded lane, with shade trees on either side. On each side of the north, w h e re t he College buildings are, lie the fields, which a re numbered in succession like lots in a city, the even numbers on the right, or west side, a nd the odd n u m b e rs on t he left. These t w e n ty fields a re intended to contain t he acres each, unless prevented by course of t he railroads or t he river. North of t he river the outlines of the fields are obscured by the horticultural grounds, experimental plots, campus a nd b a r n y a r d s. South of the river the fields proper begin, with n u m b er six on the right a nd n u m b er seven on the left, t he numbering increasing south w a rd to the last, which are number right, and number the eighteen, on nineteen on the left. All these fields a re now under cultivation, except t he last two on the left, numbers seven teen a nd nineteen, one of which is re served for a permanent, t he other a temporary woodlot. N u m b er eighteen h as recently been cleared of its timber, a portion of it only h a v i ng been in cul tivated crops for t he p a st t wo years, and the remainder having this fall been seeded down for pasture. On t h is p a rt t he s t u d e n ts h a ve j u st finished picking up the logs a nd brush. E a st a nd west of t he n u m b e r ed fields, extending for a mile a nd a half up a nd down the river, is additional land belonging to the farm, the w e s t e rn portion forming t he p a rt of t he campus t o w a rd t he main entrance, a nd t he eastern p a rt form ing another woodlot along t he south side of t he river east of n u m b er seven. t h is At t he extreme eastern point of woodland, a nd the from main portion by a highway, is a three- acre plantation of young w h i te pines, which forms t he eastern t e r m i n us of t he farm. The College farm, therefore, lies in the form of a capital T, w i th the cultivated t he s t em fields occupying and the top outlined by the Red Cedar River. separated A Ghost Story—How a Young College Professor Paralyzed an Irish Mill Hand. Prof. U. P. Hedrick, of the O. A. C, h as been to Cornucopia, E a s t e rn Ore gon, making a r r a n g e m e n ts for a horti cultural survey of t h at section. The door of his bedroom at the hotel where he stayed at Cornucopia locked with a spring lock, a nd t h at is w hy this story is written. After the professor h ad re tired one night, he suddenly remem bered t h at his valise w as outside, and without waiting to change his bed chamber toilet he rushed out after it. Of course t he bedroom door s w u ng to and t he spring lock fastened, a nd so when he couldn't enter. professor r e t u r n ed t he in fluttered Now the hotel w as kept by ladies, and for obvious reasons Prof. Hedrick couldn't a w a k en them to be let into his room. B ut he set about to h u nt a m an to help him out of t he difficulty. The hour w as late, a cold r a in w as falling, and t he mud w as deep. Little s t r e a ms of mud and water squirted up through t he professor's pink toes a nd t he chill t he tails of his ehiini- w i nd sette, but no male m an w as to be seen or to be found. F or a long time the finally search went silently on, w h en from a big stamp mill operation n e ar by came a lantern with an Irish m an ahold of it. The professor made, for him, a nd the son of t he E m e r a ld isle caught a glimpse of t he wind- tossed night shirt. Up raised his lan tern with a jerk, a nd t h en w i th a wild whoop the micky dropped his light a nd fled. "Holy Mother of Moses, it's a spook," he shouted, as he rushed into t he quartz mill. "Begorra, it's after me," he yelled, a nd t he wheels of t he mill were stopped. T he mill men w e nt out to see t he ghost, a nd t h e re in t he rain they found t he chilly professor. Explanations followed, a nd on a pal let m a de by t he mill men the professor waited for t he morn a nd the r e t u rn to him by a friend of his clothing.— Times, Corvallis, Oregon. Mother (instructing her little son's devotions): "And now, Willy, p r ay for G r a n d m a 's safety." Willy—"Does she want a bike, too?"—Ex. T HE M. A. C. R E C O K D. NOYEMBEB 1 0, 1 8 9 6. If I informed, Dr. T h u r b er cultivation in close proximity. am< correctly w as t he m an who started a fruit gar den in t he form of an L, planting trees of apples, cherries, and others. One point of the L was j u st west of the pres ent chemical laboratory and from this the rows r un due west to a Siberian crab apple tree still standing, and from this south, where trees now stand west of the greenhouse and west of the b a rn at the south. Botanical Department. a few Prof. Edith McDermott attended the meeting of t he Federation of Women's Clubs in Detroit on T h u r s d ay evening read the paper pre sented on page 4 of this paper. last week, a nd President Snyder and Prof, and Mrs. Smith left last F r i d ay for Washington. D. C, to attend the annual meeting of the Association of Agricultural Col leges and Experiment Stations. Prof. Smith will read a paper before the col lege section on " W h at should be taught in agricultui-al colleges." J u st as t he members of the foot ball team were . buying tickets for Alma last Saturday they received a message not to come. They feel a little sore at they have received at the treatment the hands of Kalamazoo and Alma. Kalamazoo has conceled her d a te for M. A. C. at Kalamazoo, and now Alma, they think, is trying to do the same. Some queer election bets were made among the students. Because of Bry an's defeat Miss Vaughn loses a week's pie to C. F. Herrmann, and she has to carry the pie over to him from Abbot to Wells Hall. J. A. Elliott, we are told, loses the privilege of shaving un til after Christmas, and F. W. K r a m er is to black S. J. Redfern's shoes every morning for a month. It has always been the pride of the students t h at the squirrels on the cam pus were so tame, and no student ever thinks of harming one of them. We wish as much might be said of all resi dents of the College, but a few of the "Faculty kids" seem to delight in mak ing life miserable for these interesting little pets. Last Saturday two boys It and two dogs killed two of them. is about time for some one to begin making it interesting for the dogs. E a r ly Trees On The Campus. DR. W. J. BEAL. Chas. E. Hollister, '61, says that Pro fessor J. C. Holmes, the first professor of horticulture, set out the first ever These greens at the College in 1858. Avere chiefly Norway spruces, AYhite pines, Austrian and Scotch pines and red cedars. The pines he thinks were brought from Pine Lake by S. L. Kil- bourne, now of Lansing, then a stu dent. Many of these trees a re still standing, mostly near College Hall, and the dwelling houses occupied by Dr. Kedzie, Dr. Beal, Dr. E d w a r ds and Professor Weil. Years ago Professor Holmes told the writer t h at Dr. Thurber, the second professor of horticulture, set the oldest of the other kinds of trees and shrubs, such as the Glinkgo tree, bald cypress, Oriental spruce, Cambrian pine, dwarf pine, Siberian pea tree, prinet, Ken tucky coffee trees, t he first Japanese quinces, and spiraeas and a number of others which are now probably gone for one reason and another. Spircea triloba is one of our choicest shrubs. The oldest one t h at t he writer is cer tain about is located about 50 feet nearly east of the east entrance to Col lege Hall and must have been planted about 1861—35 years ago. It has re cently been making a new s t a rt and to spreading out considerably owing A m e r i c an Association of F a r m e r s' I n s t i t u te M a n a g e r s. KENYON In BUTTERFIEI/D. of largely the meeting w as Last March, at Watertown, Wiscon sin, there w as formed an International Institute Association F a r m e r s' to meet in Workers, which adjourned Chicago adjourned in October. T he meeting w as held Oct. 14 a nd 15 at the Sherman House, a nd w as attended by representatives from t he eleven states of Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wis consin, Minnesota, Nebraska a nd Ala bama. T he sessions had, perhaps, an average attendance of forty. The pur to pose of complete t he foundation laid at Water- town, and a large portion of the time of t he meeting w as t a k en up with a debate upon the character of t he con stitution a nd by-laws. The pervading idea at W a t e r t o wn seemed to be t h at t he association should be a popular one, and the constitution there adopted provided institute worker t he could become a member; b ut at Chicago meeting the idea of several of t he strongest superintendents w as t h at the association should be m a de up of institute directors or superintendents, one for each state represented, with an associate and non-voting membership m a de up of all institute workers choos ing to join. After a protracted debate, led by McKerrow, of Wisconsin, for the broader membership, and Hamilton, of Pennsylvania, for t he restricted mem bership, a constitution and by-laws, framed by the latter, was unanimously adopted as a substitute for the existing" constitution, giving t he above title to the society. Each state, therefore, has one voting member, who pays an an nual fee of $10; other institute work- . ers can join by paying a fee of $1. t h at any institute work. All Many other subjects, however, were discussed besides t he important one of the constitution. Superintendent Latta, of Indiana, M. A. C., '77, had a terse and suggestive paper on developing institute workers. Superintendent Mil ler, of Ohio, explained the workings of the Ohio system. Director Hamilton, of Pennsylvania, read a paper on "How to Make an Institute Interest ing." Mrs. Mary A. Mayo, of Michigan, explained t he women's work of Michi the gan subscriber and institutes, t he rocks and pointed out some of shoals of these questions were well discussed. E a ch director found t h at other s t a t es had advantageous methods and practices. It would be vain toi assume t h at t he Michigan plan in toto impressed itself ideal upon t he meeting as being t he one, but I think I am justified in say ing t h at the directors who took pains to inquire about the principles underlying our plan and the details of our man the agement thought t h at we are on right track, and t h at our system is well adapted I think t h at women's work, as expound ed by Mrs. Mayo, made a very deep impression on the meeting. It w a s, in a large measure, a new idea, a nd the earnestness of her purpose a nd t he overbal good institute anced any objections accomplished t h at to Michigan conditions. results to t h is par workers m ay have h ad ticular kind of women's work. Michi gan w as represented by the Board of Agriculture, in addition to Mrs. Mayo a nd t he superintendent. I believe t h at t h is association h as a large future before it. It is clearly a fact t h at institute work when consid ered as a species of college extension work, a nd as a p a rt of a broader plan regular embracing reading courses and extension lectures, is b ut in its infancy. T he is almost boundless, the necessity for it is ap parent to every one. The t wo chief problems are those of building a wise foundation a nd securing sufficient rev enue to bring the work to its best. this work field for Superintendent of Institutes. Aerial N a v i g a t i o n. READ BEFORE THE U N I ON L I T E R A RY S O CIETY BY F R A NK V. W A R R E N, '98. Until quite recently aerial navigation h as been regarded in much t he s a me way as steam locomotion Avas regarded in earlier times, hence it h as m a de slow progress. The reason for this is t h at its n a t u r al teachers, eminent men" of science, h a ve neglected it, very few of them feeling inclined to undergo t he amount of personal danger connected Avith it. Those Who have experimented scientific h a ve been men of small knoAvledge who mostly occupied them selves with air ships in order to m a ke money. B ut in late years the problem of attaining regular locomotion in air h as occupied the attention of a consid erable n u m b er of engineers, and al though as yet very few aerial ma chines a re in use, results h a ve been at tained t h at show t h at they a re practi cal a nd all t h at is required is a little more iiiA'estigation. W h en perfected t he flying machine is destined to giA*e us greater speed t h an any other con trivance for t he air offers less resist The ance t h an w a t er or iron rails. great difficulty yet to be solved is t he poAver to utilize currents of air for motiA^e power, and float a nd glide along w i th safety. When this is done we can hope to travel with a velocity of something like 200 miles per hour. t he machine, to balance to ice regularits1- One of the most successful machines yet invented is the Aerodrome, built by Prof. Langley, of the Smithsoninan In stitute. T he machine w as of steel and Avhen in t he air resembled a. large bird in soaring with extreme large curves, sweeping u p w a rd in a spiral path until it reaches a height of about 100 feet, it t h en moved forward in almost a straight line. This ma chine, instead of having gas to lift it, as in the case of balloons, is 1,000 times heavier t h an t he air on which it h as to run, a nd is sustained in much t he s a me w ay t h at thin supports a swift skater. The power is derived from a steam engine through means of propel- leors. Hence the inventor encounters a great difficulty. The machine m u st be very large in order to carry enough Avater and fuel to r un a ny g r e at dis tance. it m ay be possible to use a condensing apparat us and use t he w a t er over a nd over. In 1870 experiments w e re begun to as certain t he form of w i ng most desir able for flying machines. It h as been determined t h at slightly concave Avings having their h o l l o w ' t u r n ed dowmvard like those of a bird a nd having an arch depth of 1-20 of their width, give the best results, a nd t h at a wing moving alternately up a nd down gives nine times as much lifting poAver as one moving constantly in the same direc tion. T he starting with such a machine running as this is accomplished In large machines by At t he College. F. M. Nichols, sp, has been spending a week at his home. The freshmen blossomed out in their new uniforms last Friday. The Eclectic society entertained the coeds last Saturday evening. About half of the boys exercised the duties of citizenship by going home to vote. F. W. Robison, '98, spent several days with his brother at Smyrna during election week. A large n u m b er of College people saw Romeo and Juliet at Baird's last Thursday evening. Lieut, and Mrs. Bandholtz visited at the former's home in Constantine sev eral days of last week. Senator Morrill, the friend of agri the is returned to cultural colleges, senate at the age of 86. F o ur promising sophomores are tak ing a scientific course on " H ow to run the drag and the cultivator." Several members of t he M. A. C. Grange took part in the program of Capital Grange last Saturday evening. A. J. Peek, who was elected to the state legislature from Jackson county, has a son in t he class of 1900 at M. A. C. Outdoor work on t he horticultural department is about done for the year. The gathering of late cabbage and cel ery is about all t h at remains. Wanted—By Mr. Conway and S. J. Redfern, to know where Eddie Gallup lives in Okemos. Any one giving the desired information will be rewarded. The washout south of the icehouse has been filled in, and now the farm de partment is finishing the grade on the last few rods of lane n e ar the D., L. & N. railroad. W. W. Bailey, of Boyne City, who took t he p h a r m a cy examination in Lan fellow sing last week, townsman, E. A. Robinson, '97, last F r i d ay afternoon. visited his G. C. Davis, station entomologist, at tended a meeting of the K e nt county scientific institute in Grand Rapids last F r i d ay evening, where he read a paper on "Carpet Beetles." W a n t ed at M. A. C—One good large bulletin board, where all notices may be posted, instead of using posts of porches, sidewalks and sundry other places as is done at present. I NOVEMBEB 10, 1896. THE M. A. 0. RECORD. 3 down a steep hill against t he w i nd a nd looks like an imperfect imitation of t he action of an eagle, by which t he bird soars about for hours without moving a wing. like t wo propellor Another very satisfactory a p p a r a t us is one invented by Rudolph Kosch. It weighs 56 pounds a nd h as t wo pairs of wings 6 feet in diameter. E a ch pair rotates in a horizontal plane, b ut in different directions, w h en being operat ed so t h at turning t he upper pair to t he left will cause t he lower pair to t u rn to t he right. Both pairs c an be flap ped down simultaneously while being turned a nd then they appear in a com bined flapping, rotary motion. They can also be set in such a position t h at the t wo pairs of wings will appear to screws, one act right a nd t he other left handed. T he motor power of this machine is operat ed by a man, w ho sits in a saddle and t u r ns t he c r a nk shaft by means of common bicycle pedals, causing t he wings to rotate while they a re being flapped up a nd down by handles ar ranged higher up on t he shaft. W h en the wings a re set like screw blades they will perform a motion similar to t h at of a forward flying bird, t he only difference being t h at t he bird's wings travel up and down a nd forward while these move up a nd down a nd around one center. T he flapping action of t he wings which w as stated before as su perior to a ny other is t h us applied in such a combination as to fully realize its advantages at the down stroke a nd to obtain a considerable lifting effect at the up stroke. After reaching the desired elevation by t he screw a nd flapping action t he wings a re stopped and s et in a horizontal position a nd driven forward by another pair of pro- pellors of smaller size but higher speed. The wings are circular in shape a nd re semble bicycle wheels in construction. They a re constructed by bending steel tubing cold to t he desired circle a nd over this is d r a wn t he balloon fabric. As h as been said, t he success of t he experiments with these machines is sufficient to convince us t h at they are practical a nd before long we can hope for a machine t h at will serve as a basis of the fast long distance transportation of the next century. Life I n s u r e n c e. W. G. AMOS, '97m. Life insurance companies, or old line life companies as they a re now called, first became known in the early part of the 16th century. T he first company which is known w as organized in Eng land by a few wealthy Englishmen insured one another's lives a nd who sold policies to ethers. As life insurance w as only in its in fancy then, t he companies charged very high rates a nd consequently it was only the wealthy t h at could afford to b uy policies. This led to investi gation; a nd from t he experience of t he different companies, actuaries' tables or a table of mortality w as made. F r om these all premiums a re now fig ured. The companies did not grow very rapidly until t he nineteenth century, but during this centuiy their growth h as been marvelous. Many new com panies have been organized in nearly every country in t he world a nd some of t he largest are not yet sixty years old. T he largest company in t he world, which is an American company, h ad nearly a billion of insurance written a nd in force w h en they issued their last report, a nd it is still growing very rapidly. T he total a m o u nt which it re ceives each year in p r e m i u ms a nd p a ys to policy holders r u ns high up in t he millions. There is no business which is grow ing more rapidly a nd making its in fluence felt more in money circles t h an t h at of t he life insurance companies of today. Their money is mostly invested in bonds a nd loaned on first mortgages converted into which can be easily cash. T h us it is plain t h at with such large resources vested in t he h a n ds of a few men, as it is, their power is al most unlimited. The American companies u se t he actuaries or combined experience a nd American experience tables to figure their premiums from. T he full or of fice premium consists of t wo p a r t s: t he pure or n et premium a nd a certain ad dition thereto called t he loading. The pure or net premium is t he ac tual cost of insuring a nd consists of t wo p a r t s: first, t he amount used each year to p ay claims falling d ue by deaths; a nd second, a portion held in reserve to help p ay one's o wn policy when it falls due. F or a m an at t he age of thirty t he n et premium would be about fifteen dollars. The loading is an amount which is added to t he net amount a nd is t he cost of doing business. It includes all the expenses of t he home office, a nd branch offices, a nd commissions to agents. Therefore it varies in differ ent companies a nd t he one which pro cures the largest volume of business at t he least cost per thousand, may be con sidered a well managed company. By investing the funds of t he policy holders in interest bearing bonds, etc., th*e company h as a large income from this source, a nd this along with w h at may be saved from t he loading is re turned to t he policy holders a nd is called t he "accumulations." Nearly every company h as a different plan for t he accumulations. T he returning principal condition in regard to r e t u rn of accumulations is t h at t he policy shall have been in force a certain stat ed length of time. insured should die before t h at time or the pol icy be allowed to lapse t he accumula tions a re forfeited. t he If The three principal forms of policies written by the old line life companies are t he Ordinary or Straight Life, t he Limited P a y m e nt Life policy, a nd t he Endowment policy. There are a great many other forms of policies b ut t he companies write more of the above policies t h an a ny other forms known. The Ordinary or Straight Life is a policy on which t he insured m u st con tinue to pay the premium as long as he lives. T he single premium per thou sand on this policy is t he lowest of the three forms stated above. A Limited P a y m e nt Life policy is w h at i ts name signifies. T he pay ment of premiums on it is limited, a nd w h en this time h as expired t he policy is paid for. T he premium on this policy is about a third more t h an on the preceding because it is paid for in a limited length of time. T he endowment policy, sometimes called t he investment policy, is also a limited payment, and t he premiums on it a re t he highest. At the end of a time stated in t he policy, p a y m e n ts cease, falls due and t he face of t he policy with whatever accumulations there may be at t h at time. It combines in vestment with insurance, a nd is a very good form of policy when t a k en with a first-class company. All these policies have a great many features in common, b ut nearly every company h as some distinguishing fea t u re in its contracts. Most companies h a ve a n u m b er of restrictions or con ditions as to travel, occupation, resi dence, etc.,while a few companies have comparatively no conditions whatever. It can readily be seen t h at t he policy which h as t he least number of condi tions is t he best, for it gives t he in sured a greater a m o u nt of liberty with out t he danger of having his policy de clared void in case of an accident. When we think of t he t h o u s a n ds of homes left every year without a head we cannot help b ut see t h at the benefits of life insurance a re almost without It h as raised m a ny a poor limit. fatherless child, a nd h as fed, clothed and educated t h o u s a n ds of young men any young ladies. It h as saved thou s a n ds of widows from t he w a s h t ub a nd factories, a nd h as b r o u g ht plenty into homes where starvation would have stared them in t he face after t he loss of t he bread earner. It furnishes something which can be obtained in no other way, a nd no m an should be with out protection in t he form of some kind of life insurance. ...COLLEGE BUS... Leaves M. A. C. for Lansing at 8:30 a. m. and 1:30 p. m. Returning, leaves Lans ing at 10:30 a. m. and 4:30 p. m. Packages prompt attention. left at Emery's will receive Livery or Bus for picnics at resonable rates. NEW PHONE H. O. P A L M ER me MAUD s WIND MILL AND PUMP COMPANY, Manufacturers of CYCLONE PROOF GALVANIZED STEEL WIND MILLS AND "MftUD S" PUMPS, Lansing, Mich. i mm SUPPLY COM WHOLESALE DEALER IN Belting, Hose, I r on Pipe a nd F i t t i n g s, T u b u l ar W e ll Supplies, e t c. STATE AGENT FOR MAUD S PUMPS, LANS,NM.CH.6AN F OR A N Y T H I NG IN HARDWARE, STOVES, TINWARE, GRANBTE WARE, CUTLERY, ETC. TRY ... Norton's Hardware 111 Washington Ave. S. The Cost of t he salt you p ut in butter is a s m a ll m a t t e r; t he effect poor salt h as upon t he quality of t he butter is a big m a t t e r. T he butter salt question will be settled for all time, for you, after y o u ' ve once tried " T he Salt t h a t 's all Salt"— DIAMOND CRYSTAL SALT. The purest salt, a nd finest in quality a nd flavor. At all dealers in barrels (280lbs.) a nd bags (56 lbs., 28 lbs. a nd 14 lbs). DIAMOND CRYSTAL SALT CO., S t. Clair, Mich. THE MAPES CLOTHING CO. 207 and 209 WASHINGTON AVE, SOUTH. Our $5.00 Suit and Overcoat Sale Ctt!K*£ week's business demonstrated the fact that L OW PRICES and GOOD V A L U ES are great trade winners. We have sold more goods in the past 10 days, than, (consider ing the conditions of the times) we could expect to have sold in a month. We cannot stop this sale in the midst of a whirlwind of business, so will let the this great profit crushing but business producing good work go on and continue F I VE DOLLAR SUIT AND OVERCOAT SALE. We've got the goods and must have the money. We are getting desparate a nd bound to make business if we don't make a cent and in our higher grades of Men's, Boys' and Children's Suits and Overcoats as well as FURNISHING GOODS We are offering more solid inducements, more genuine and unmatchable bargains than any house in the state. Ttie Maoes cranio GO., 2 07 and 2 09 W A S H I N G T ON A V E ., S O U TH 4 T HE M. A. C. E E C O E D. NOVEMBEK 1 0, 1 8 9 6, The M. A. C. ReeorcL PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE E D I T ED BY T HE F A C U L T Y, AS8ISTED BY T HE STUDENTS. A D D R E SS A LL M A IL TO L O CK B OX 262, L A N S I N G, M I C H. SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS P ER T E A R. Business Office with R O B E RT S M I TH P R I N T I NG Co., Printers and Binders, 108-120 Michi gan Ave. West, Lansing, Mich. Entered as second-class matter at Lansing, Mich. For various reasons T HE M. A. C. RECORD is occasionally sent to those who have not sub scribed for the paper. Such persons need have no hesitation about taking the paper from the postofflce, for no charge will be made for it. The only way, however, to secure t he RECORD r e g u l a ny is to subscribe. "Shall Domestic Science and House hold Economy be Taught in our Public Schools?" [Read before the Michigan Federation of Women's Clubs, Detroit, November 5, by Prof. E D I TH F. MCDERMOTT.] there n ot already Are too many studies in o ur public scnools? This is the first question one must encounter when a subject of this kind is intro duced. It m ay be answered briefly in t wo w a y s: 1st. If this is better than something which we already have, it ought to be given a place even if it •should require t he displacement or cur tailing of some other branch of study. 2d. Experience h as demonstrated t h at girls in t he g r a m m ar school or high school will spend t wo a nd one-half hours a week in t he cooking kitchen without a ny appreciable loss to their other studies. This is the unanimous verdict of all schools having adopted such a course. It comes in as a diver sion a nd relieves t he mind from t he strain a nd worry caused by purely mental exercises. W h at is expected of a public school training, we might ask. W h at is t he training received in our public schools going to do for o ur boys a nd girls? W h at is it going to prepare them for? T he only possible answer (bearing any semblance of truth) must be "to enable them to t a ke their places in t h is busy world as good American citizens." With this important question an swered as briefly as possible, we shall now proceed to inquire into the neces sary branches, t he necessary equip ments, we might say, t h at a public school training should give our boys a nd girls, to bring about the required results. If we h ad a good, old-fash ioned teacher in o ur midst this ques tion would immediately be answered "Reading, wTriting a nd arith with metic." Should m a n u al training be intro duced into our public schools? Should our boys and girls be t a u g ht t h at these h a n ds of theirs a re capable of becom adjuncts to their mental ing useful powers, if properly trained? Should they not know t h at it is just as impor t a nt for them to be able to t a ke these ten willing servants a nd compel them to carry out t he will of t he mind, t he command of the brain, as for a chemist to resort to his laboratory in order to work out t he knowledge he already possesses. We might represent t he child's mental power with t he chem ist's knowledge, a nd his h a n ds with t he laboratory to which he goes in working out a problem already existing in his mind, b ut which t he world cannot ap preciate until worked out in a practical a nd efficient manner. Thinking about it this from children, training t he advisablitiy of m a n u al for standpoint, leaves little room for objections, to my mind. Talks of this kiud a re a pt to sound a little self-congratulatory, at t he best, when a teacher tries to tell w h at h as been accomplished. I believe in t he subject, I think impoi"tant, necessary, essential. You remember t he late Dr. Holmes once said t h at he liked conceit, a nd compared it to t he salt of the ocean, keeping life from be coming stale. Then, as if the good doc tor feared the possible result from such a broad statement, he adds with his peculiar wit, " B ut because one likes a little salt, it does not necessarily foliow t h at they have a desire to be pickled in brine." training T he importance of domestic science as a p a rt of every girl's school training is great. W hy should it not be? Is not h er whole life going to be influ enced by her knowledge, or her w a nt of knowlege on this subject? Hun dreds of brains h a ve tried to solve t he perplexing problem of w h at is really best to teach our girls? Well, we c an state with impunity a g i e at many things, b ut surely t he importance of domestic science a nd household econo my should assert iself. W e b s t er de fines ''economy" as "avoiding all waste." Is it n ot very important t h at this would be a grand for every woman in t he land? A w o m an capable of managing a household, avoiding all domestic waste, capable of knowing t he very best methods for carrying out work of all kinds, avoid ing wastefulness of a ny kind, able to serve h er household with food capable of producing the best results, food that would not only sustain life, but sustain it in its best and highest form, enabling the body to perform its functions, nour ishing the brain, the mental powers, as n a t u re demands. Surely such knowl edge is wonderful! Able to clothe t he body in such a manner t h at is pleasing to t he eye, a nd at t he same time not forgetting the close relationship be tween general comfort necessary for every active person, a nd the aesthetic sense form into every cultured person; house knowing capable of t he standpoint; from re a importance of at cognizing tention con nected with t he plumbing of a house, the disposal of all w a s te matter; t he ventilation, heating, cleaning, as well as being capable of making an attract ive house on t he outside. Our Ameri can women, as a rule, a re gifted with such a high sense of t he love for t he beautiful t h at it is scarcely necessary to lay much stress on this point. We love beautiful things of all kinds; we love beautiful homes, fine clothes, t he best t he mar ket provides in every way. In our love for these beautiful things in life, a lack of proper training makes it doubly necessary t h at we should go to t he very foundation, as it were, of the true essentials to produce these effects. Fol lowing out this line of thought we can readily s ee t h at this training must mean a greater number of happy I am sure t h at if t he people homes. in general understood t h at you were providing for their comfort, you would meet with this movement. sanitary t he t he small details little opposition influences, refined to in We have seen w h at domestic science can do for t he homes of our country, and, as these homes make up t he com munities, t he communities the states, and t he states this grand country of ours, surely t he result will w a r r a nt any effort on your part. If a woman is not annoyed by a filthy, unkept house it must surely be t he result of her early home training. Even now, we do The only efficient a nd practical w ay :-, not u n d e r s t a nd t he g r e at value of this subject, as t he study is still in i ts in fancy. It has only been within the last few years t h at it h as received a ny recognition in this country, whatever. Napoleon said t h at "the truest wisdom is resolute determination." T h e re is not a more worthy effort in life t h an this, w h e re t he definition of wisdom may rightly be applied, "If we care for m e n 's souls, we m u st care for their bodies also." In times past it h as been difficult for women to obtain this information. I know of a case w h e re an anxious wife. applied to her family physician for ad vice concerning h er invalid husband's diet. "O," replied the wise man, giving the woman a pitying glance, as if there w as a ny significance attached to such an unimportant subject as a sick man's diet, "Give him, O, give him a ny kind of slop." W h at a grand veterinarian our country lost when t h at m an de cided to become a healer of the ills of m a n! W h at does a course in domestic sci ence a nd household economy consist of? I will trj* and give you a brief out line of this course as taught at t he College. It Michigan Agricultural would require a regular syllabus to give the work in detail. T he woman's department there offers a thorough course in household science a nd eco nomics, theoretical a nd practical cook ery, invalid cookery, lectures on special subjects, combination of dishes for meals, canning,, pickle-making, jelly- making, etc. Chemistry, chemistry laboratory (lectures a nd of work), bacteriology, botany, physiology, physics, hygiene a nd sanitation, emer gencies, sewring (plain), cutting a nd fit ting, millinery. foods ,: spreading of t h is knowledge to the J masses is through t he public schools, a The secretary of agriculture h as been ' information and is now greatly interested in collect regarding practical ing methods of introducing this study into our regular school work. In this con nection it might be well to say t h at Dr. Harris, U. S. commissioner of educa-, tion, is one of our firmest supporters in this movement. I will give you a few thoughts col lected from lectures given by Prof. W. O. Atwater, who, as you well know, is in this authority we have t he best country on food a nd diet. t he living extent to w h at t o w a r ds which he the gospel a nd t he " W h at proportion of t he cost of liv ing might be saved by better economy of food, how f ar such economy would help t he wage worker to a higher plane of justly strives; how dietary errors compare in harmfulness with t he u se of alcohol, and spread imperfec of tion of i ts fruit a re dependent upon t he food supply, a re questions hardly possible of exact solution in t he light of our present knowledge. W i th t he progress of h u m an knowledge a nd hu m an experience we a re at last coming to see t h at t he h u m an body needs t he closest care. We a re coming to realize t h at not merely our health, our strength and our incomes, b ut o ur higher intel lectual life, a nd even our morals, de pend upon t he care we t a ke of our bodies, a nd t h at among t he things es sential to health a nd wealth, to right thinking a nd right living. One, a nd t h at not the least important one, is our diet. The power of a m an to do work, de pends greatly upon his nutrition. A well-fed horse c an d r aw a heavy load; with less food, he does less work. A well-fed m an has strength of muscleand of brain, while a poorly nourished m an has not, A man's nourishment is not t he only factor of his producing power, but it is an important one. This subject concerns t he laboring classes in m a ny ways. Statistics as well as common observation bear em phatic testimony to t he better condi tion of t he American as compared with European workingman, in respect to his supply of t he necessities a nd com forts of life. T h at t he American work ingman, in m a ny cases at least, t u r ns out more work p er d ay or per year t h an his European competitor is a fa miliar fact. T h at this superiority is due to a better supply of more nutri tious food, as well as to t he better u se of machinery, a nd to greater intelli gence is hardly to be questioned. B ut t he better nourishment of t he Ameri can w o r k m an is largely due to o ur vir- gin soil. With t he growth of popula tion, a nd t he increasing closeness of home a nd international competition his own diet cannot be kept up to its pres ent nutritive standard, nor c an t h at of his poorer neighbor a nd his foreign brother be brought up to t he standard, Avithout better knowledge a nd applica tion of the l a ws of food economy. A picture in a magazine h as j u st It is a family scene struck my eye. in a h u m b le home. The four children are sitting at t he table with bowls of milk before them, while t he mother holds in her hand a loaf of bread which she is cutting into slices for their din ner. T he room is neat b ut plain; t he furniture is of t he simplest kind, a nd the children's clothes a re of ordinary material, with here a nd there a well sewed patch. T he mother's a ir is t h at of a busy housewife, h er thought, one of tender care for her family, but there is a t r a ce of anxiety in t he lines of her face which is in contrast with t he care less eagerness of her little ones. Doubt- l less t he father h as t a k en h is dinner I with him to his daily work, by which, if he is an average bread winner, with health a nd industry, he m ay e a rn $500 If he is not addicted to per year. drink, s um will go for t he support of his fam ily. It m u st p ay for food, clothing, fuel, rent, a nd t he doctor's bills, leav ing not a very large remainder for t he e x t ra comforts of t he home, an occa sional new carpet or piece of furniture, books, or a short excursion in t he sum mer, with, perchance, a little for life insurance, t he savings bank, or a time ly help for some less f o r t u n a te neigh bor. t he » whole this of flesh formers a nd fuel W h en the mother goes to m a r k et to m a ke h er purchases, she is thinking of meat, a nd flour a nd potatoes, w h at they will cost, a nd how t he folks at—*S home will relish them. B ut in fact, tho' she does not realize it, s he is buy ing certain nutritive substances in t he ingre food, dients, which she a nd h er husband need to repair t he waste of their bodies, a nd to give them strength for their daily their children must h a ve for healthy growth a nd work a nd play. H er real problem, tho' she does not understand it, is to get t he most a nd t he best n u t r i m e nt for h er money. She is accustomed to buy certain materials, but, if by wiser selection, s he could g et a b u n d a nt nu triment at less cost, a nd t h us s a ve a little extra money for comforts for t he family or to put by in t he savings bank, it would indeed by fortunate. toil, a nd which The real problem before this woman when she goes to m a r k et is to obtain, at t he least cost, protein, fats a nd car bohydrates, needed to meet t he w a n ts of the family. F l a v or a nd appearance are things to look o ut for, of course. She m ay b uy them in t he food if she has t he money a nd is willing to spend it, but they a re costly. She m ay sup- NOVEMBER 10, 1896. T HE M. A . ' C. R E C O K D. 5 lack the one, and taste ply t h em by good cooking and ful serving, b ut t h is will t a ke skill and care, and too m a ny women in her cir cumstances are averse to t he other. Or she may ig nore both flavor and appearance and if her husband does not like the food she sets before liim, and other things about the home are not attractive, he wiil likely go to the "poorman's club,*' oth The erwise known as training of a well ordered home, or the cooking school, will tell how to make savory inexpensive materials. A little chemistry of the subject will tell how to select them. the saloon. dishes from this m a t t e r ?" Do you know t h at only one out of every five hundred girls in America re "Where are ceive a college education? the four hundred and ninety-nine to have the opportunity of receiving this training if not in the public schools? "How." you might ask, "are we to go about 1st. Work up public sentiment to the point that they 2d. Go to your school board. w a nt it. Impress upon them the importance of this work, and get them to set aside one of t he regular classrooms, if you cannot afford a special building, and then get a good, efficient teacher and let her do the rest. to The cost? You can secure a good teacher for from $800 .$1,000 per year, and the fitting up of a laboratory kitchen will' cost from $150 to $200, de pending upon where you buy your sup plies, and how elaborate you are. In our public school work, we had twenty girls in each cooking class, and the average cost w as r>V,e. per pupil for each lesson. The sewing school cost but 3%c. per pupil for one year. I am surely trespassing on both your time and patience in my lengthy ap peal for the introduction of that science into our public schools t h at will not only build up happy homes, but keep them happy and comfortable. Is it too much to ask of you. you who a re surrounded by all that makes exis tence enjoyable, to put forth every pos sible effort, that we may have our girls t a u g ht to be good housekeepers, home- makers of such homes as we Ameri cans pride ourselves as being part of our heritage, handed down by the brave ancestors who gave their lives for a country t h at would shelter and build up all that was grand and good in a nation? You before me have many advantages with your clubs and so cieties, and culture, which is not even possible for your less fortunate sis ters. Will you not make it possible for every child born in our great and free America, to obtain an education fitting her to become a representative Avoman in all t h at goes to make up the higher, purer and loftier standard of womanhood ? I t h a nk you kindly for your atten tion to these remarks, and wish that I were capable of bringing before you the importance of this work to such a degree t h at you would leave this meet ing determined, to an individual, t h at no personal effort on your part -will be spared to work up public sentiment to understand and appreciate the great importance of teaching domestic science and household economy in our public schools. Your reporter heard t he girls prac ticing their yell one evening last week. As near as he could make out it w a s: "Rah, rah, ree! Who a re we? JSaught-naught coeds, M. A. C." Life is short—only four letters in it. Someone has noticed that, curiously, three-quarters of it is a •'lie" and half of it is an "if."—Ex, Official Directory. Sunday Chapel Service—Preaching at 2:30 p. m. Y, M. C. A.—Holds regular meetings every T h u r s d ay evening at 6:30 and Sunday evenings at 7:30. S. H. F u l ton, President. C. W. Loomis, Cor. Secretary. Y. W. C. A. regular weekly meetings for all ladies on the campus Tuesday evenings at 8 o'clock, in the ladies' par lors. Meetings on Sunday evenings with the Y. M. C. A.; Miss Edith F. McDermott, President; Miss Alice Georgia, Cor. Secretary. Natural History Society—Regular meeting second Friday evening of each month in the chapel at 7:30. H. C. Skeels, President. W. R. Kedzie, Sec retary. Botanical Club—Meets first and third Friday of each month in Botanical Laboratory at 7:30. T. Gunson, Presi dent. W. R. Kedzie, Secretary. Dante Club—Meets every Wednesday evening at 7:30 in Prof. W. O. Hed- rick's office, College Hall. Prof. A. B. Noble, President. M. A. C. Athletic Association—C. B. Laitner, President. G. B. Wells, Sec retary. Columbian Literary Society—Regular meeting every Saturday evening in their rooms in the middle ward of Wells Hall, at 7:00. E. H. Sedgwick, President. C. F. Austin, Secretary. Delta Tau Delta Fraternity—Meets Friday evenings in the chapter rooms on fourth floor of Williams Hall, at 7:00. E. A. Baker, President. C. P. Wykes, Secretary. Eclectic Society—Meets on fourth floor of Williams Hall every Saturday at 7:30 p. m. C. D. Butterfield, Presi dent. Manning Agnew, Secretary. Feronian Society—Meets every Fri day afternoon at 1:00 in Hesperian rooms. Miss Sadie Champion, Presi dent. Miss Marie Belliss, Secretary. Hesperian Society—Meetings held every Saturday evening in the society rooms in the west ward of Wells Hall at 7:00. J. D. McLouth, President. R. H. Osborne, Secretary . Olympic Society—Meets on fourth floor of Williams Hall every Saturday evening at 7:00. H. W. H a r t, Presi dent. C. J. Perry, Secretary. Phi Delta T h e ta Fraternity—Meets on F r i d ay evening in chapter rooms in Wells Hall, at 7:00. W.G.Amos, Presi dent. F. H. Smith, Secretary. in Union Literary Society—Meetings held their hall every Saturday evening at 7:00. E. A. Robinson, Presi dent. S. F. E d w a r d s, Secretary. T au Beta Pi Fraternity—Meets every two weeks on Thursday evening in the tower room of Mechanical Laboratory. G. A. Parker, President. E. PI. Sedg wick, Secretary. Club Boarding Association—I. L. Simmons, President. H. A. Dibble, Secretary. Try and Trust Circle of King's Daughters — Meets alternate Wednesday. Mrs. C. L. Weil, Presi dent. Mrs. J. L. Snyder, Secretary. every BUCK ..... ^fcLL.5 Furniture —= R I G H T. ALL GOODS DELIVERED TO THE COLLEGE FREE. Best Woven Wire Cots, Best Woven Wire Springs, - - - $\ 25 1 5o WE SELL EVERYTHING. ...My... Neckwear Stock M.J.&B.M.BUCK O P EN E V E N I N G S. C o n t a i ns all t he L a t e st I d e as as to SHAPE,, G0L0R AND PATTERN lower a nd t he p r i ce ever before. W o u ld pleased t h an be to h a ve you c o me in a nd see it. BEFOEE PUKCHASING YOUR FALL AND WINTER HAT to show you A l l ow me some n a t ty " Up to D a t e" styles. N o t h i ng b ut relia ble q u a l i t i es find place in my s t o c k. STUDENT'S PATRONAGE SOLICITED. E.LGIN MIFFLIN THE OUTFITTER. LOWEST PRICES Will be quoted to SCHOOL ... LIBRARIES... And others sending lists of books wanted to Lansing Book & Paper Co., L A N S I N C, M I C H. OF^ M I C H I G A N. ...SOUND A ND CHEAP.. Incorporated under the laws of Michigan by 100 leadiDg Michigan Bankers. HOME OFFICE, EANSING, MICH. W. E. T R A G ER DEALER IN Fresh Salt AND Meats • k Tornado Top" ..and Whistle ...COMBINED. Brass, nickel plated. No strings or springs. Changes color while going. Send postal for circular or 15 cents in stamps for sample to L John C. Goodrich, Detroit, Mich. tl >SOOOO»OOQOO»^KK>0«X>000<>»000»ra^ 5 09 M i c h i g an A v e. E. a the rise of a fall shoe" 3.50 Men's crack proof line—the cream of leather—choice veal calfskin—tanned to silky pliability—rich square* grain—high gloss—the wear of ages in it—crack proof calf s t o c k- genuine welt sewed—heavy projecting soles—new round toe or needle toe REPAIRING. S h o es r e p a i r ed a nd r u b b e rs m e n d ed C. D. WOODBURY 103 WASHINGTON AVENUE, S O U T H. XKKK>OO^SO«S00««<}« 6 T HE M. A. C. K E C O K D. NOVEMBER-10, 1896 News From Graduates and Students. Board of Agriculture. L y m an A. Lilly, w i th '77, h as been in Allegan elected register of deeds county. J. N. Estabrook, '88, of Detroit, has been spending several days in Lansing a nd at the College. E. B. Hale, '93, commissioner of schools in Ionia county, visited the Col lege last T h u r s d a y. S. L. Ingerson, with '98, is working on his father's farm at Hopkins Sta tion, Allegan county. F r a nk Talmadge, with ;93, is t he re cently elected circuit court commis sioner in I n g h am county. H. F. Buskirk, '79, will represent the second district of Allegan county in the s t a te legislature this winter. J. E. Stoffer, who took post g r a d u a te work here last year, h as charge of the ninth grade in Mason schools. We notice t h at B. H. Halstead, with '97, w as one of the timers in t he recent P u r d ue -U. of M. football game. Of course you a re a w a re t h at Jason E. Hammond, '86, will be the next su perintendent of public instruction for Michigan. from Baltimore Lieut. Lewis and family started Sat urday for El Paso, Texas, where the lieutenant will join his regiment. W. G. Merritt, with '92, has been spending several days at M. A. C. He helped send election returns to the Col lege Tuesday night. In the University Scientific Magazine, Knoxville, Tenn., Prof. Charles E. Fer ris, '90, has an article on "Free-hand Letters for Working Drawings." Mr. and Mrs. Gunson received last Saturday a box of tine chrysanthe mums, violets, and carnations from Al bert Boehringer, '96sp, of Bay City. F a i th in W. J. Bryan and the cause of free silver led Clay Tallman, '95, to present George F. Richmond, '98, with a $5 hat—after the votes were counted. C. P. Locke, '91, is the only survivor among the M. A. C. men who were can didates for office in Ionia county. He w as elected circuit court commissioner by t he silver democrats. John W. Tracy, '96, met with a very severe accident in Detroit Friday, Oc tober 30. He w as riding his wheel along the pavement and, in crossing the street car track, slipped and struck his temple on the track. F or several days the attending phyisician thought his in juries fatal, but he has now improved so t h at his recovery is expected. like success, or Nothing succeeds words to t h at effect. I. B. Winsor, [with '89], has purchased the Cascade Creamery Co.'s plant at Obriens, which a d ds another important factor to his already complete creamery plant at 713 Second avenue. Mr. Winsor is ac knowledged to be one of the most suc cessful creamery men on t he coast and has today the best t r a de in the city. Mr. Winsor only m a k es the highest quality of butter a nd sells it for w h at an inferior quality of b u t t er can be purchased for elsewhere. This with his thorough knowledge of the business ac counts for his phenomenal success.— The Argus, Seattle, Washington. Friend—"Have you been writing any more poetry?" Poet—"No; couldn't pay my gas bill taken last month and my meter w as out."—Student's Herald. Alice--"I heard something about you this new lining in dresses makes a it'?"—Tonkers today. Anne—"Yes; they are using frightful Statesman. noise, doesn't Hon. F r a n k. Wells, P r e s .. Constantine. Hon. Chas.W. Garfield. .Grand Rapids. St. Clair. Hon. Chas. F. Moore South Haven. Hon. C. J. Monroe Hon. H e n ry Chamberlain. Three Ooaks. Delhi Mills. Hon. W. E. Boy den Gov. J o hn T. Rich .Ex Officio T he President of the College.. Ex Officio Hon. I. H. Butterfield, S e c y . .. Mich. Agr. College. Faculty and Other Officers. J. L. SNYDER, A. M., P h. D., Presi dent. R O B E RT C. K E D Z I E, M. A., M. D., Professor of Chemistry, a nd Curator of the Chemical Laboratory. W I L L I AM J. BEAL, M. S., P h. D., Professor of Botany and Forestry, and Curator of the Botanical Museum. E. A. A. GRANGE, V. S., Professor of Veterinary Science. L E VI R. T A F T, M. S., Professor of Horticulture and Land scape Gardening, and Superintend ent of the Horticultural De partment. H O W A RD E D W A R D S, M. A., LL. D., Professor of English Literature and Modern Languages. H E R M AN K. V E D D E R, C. E., Professor of Mathematics and Civil Engineering. H E N RY H. BANDHOLTZ, 2d Lieut. 6th Inf., U. S. A., Professor of Military Sciences a nd Tactics. I. H. B U T T E R F I E L D, Secretary. CLINTON D. SMITH, M. S. Professor of Practical Agriculture, and Superintendent of the F a r m. CHAS. L. W E I L, S. B., Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director of the Mechanical Department. W A L T ER B. BARROWS. S. B., Professor of Zoology a nd Physiology, and Curator of the General Museum. F R A NK S. K E D Z I E, M. S., Adjunct Professor of Chemistry. W I L L I AM S. H O L D S W O R T H, M. S., Assistant Professor of Drawing. P H I L IP B. W O O D W O R T H, B. S., M. E. Assistant Professor of Physics. ALVIN B. NOBLE, B. Ph., Assistant Professor of English Litera t u re a nd Modern Languages. C H A R L ES F. W H E E L E R, B. S., Assistant Professor of Botany. W I L B UR O. H E D R I C K, M. S., Assistant Professor of History a nd Po litical Economy. W A R R EN BABCOCK, Jr., B. S., Assistant Professor of Mathematics. E D I TH F. McDERMOTT, Professor of Domestic Economy and Household Science. MRS. LINDA E. LANDON, Librarian. H. W. MUMFORD, B. S., Instructor in Agriculture. GAGER C. DAVIS, M. S., Instructor in Zoology. A. L. WESTCOTT, B. M. E., Instructor in Mechanical Engineering. D I CK J. CROSBY, B. S., Instructor in English. M E R R I TT W. F U L T O N, B. S., Instructor in Agriculture. BURTON O. LONGYEAR, Instructor in Botany. CYRUS C. PASHBY, B. S., Instructor in Mathematics. GORDON H. T R U E, B. S., Instructor in Dairying. C H A R L ES E. MARSHALL, Ph. B,. Instructor in Bacteriology. H. E. SMITH, B. S. Instructor in Mechanical Engineering. I K. L. B U T T E R F I E L D, B. S., Supt. F a r m e r s' Institutes a nd College Field Agent. D. B. B A L D W I N, Engineer. T H O M AS GUNSON, F o r e m an of Greenhouse. F. C. K E N N E Y, Assistant Secretary. E R N E ST W I T T S T O C K, F o r e m an of the F a r m. W. S. LEONARD, F o r e m an of Machine Shop. THOMAS D U R K I N, F o r e m an of the Horticultural Depart ment. C H A R L ES E. HOYT, and F o r e m an of the Wood Shops F o u n d r y. E. S. GOOD, Clerk to President. CHACE NEWMAN, Clerk of Mechanical Department. Station Council. Clinton D. Smith, M. S Director and Agriculturist. J o n a t h an L. Snyder, Ph. D., P r es L. R. Taft, M. S Robert C. Kedzie, M. A., M. D Ex Officio. Horticulturist Ira H. Butterfield, Chemist. Secretary and Treasurer. Advisory a nd Assistant Staff. A. A. Crozier, M. S Assistant in Agriculture. H e r b e rt W. Mumford, B. S Assistant in Agriculture. H. P. Gladden, B. S Assistant in Horticulture. . Assistant in Horticulture. M. L. D e a n. Thorn Smith, B. S. Assistant in Chemistry. E. A. A. Grange, V. S Consulting Veterinarian. G. C. Davis, M. S Consulting Entomologist. Botanist. Librarian. Chas. F. Wheeler, B. S Mrs. L. E. Landon T. T. Lyon, So. H a v en In charge of Sub-Station. R. L. Taylor, Lapeer In charge of Apiary. Sub Stations. Grayling, Crawford county, 80 acres deeded. South Haven, Van Buren county, 10 acres rented: 5 acres deeded. F r e d— Slwbel, LEADING DEALER ....IN.... Fine Footwear \hJe Qu o t :e T h r ee P o i n ts Fitting Style Durability We Carry All C r a d e s. R e p a i r i ng D o n e. . . . T H E ^^ Farm Department OFFERS FOR S A L E: Two very fine Duroc Jersey Sows, seven m o n t hs old, eligible to r e g i s t r y; all r i g ht in color a nd f o r m. Poland China Six Pigs, j , six m o n t hs o l d, in e x c e l l e nt b r e e d i ng c o n d i t i o n, l a r ge a nd t h r i f t y; p e d i g r ee t he best. A pure bred Holstein- Friesian Bull Calf, b o rn in S e p t e m b e r, 1896, o ut of College R o sa B o n h e u r, a d a u g h t er of Kosa B o n h e ur F i f th w i th a r e c o rd of 106 lbs. of m i lk in a d a y. College Kosa g a ve 50 l b s. of m i lk a day for seven c o n s e c u t i ve d a ys in n e a r ly O c t o b e r, b u t t e r. t w e l ve T he calf was M a u r i ce C l o t h i d e, for several t he h e ad of t he H o l- y e a rs at s t e i n h e rd at t he C o l l e g e. T h is i n to a b u ll calf will d e v e l op tit a ny H o l s t e in h e rd c o n t a i n i ng of in t he c o u n t r y. sire of p o u n ds h e ad t he to . . . A l s o . .. Show Birds of several of the leading Breeds of Poultry A d d r e s s, CLINTON D. SMITH, Superintendent of Farm, FRED SfWBEL. Agricultural College, Mich. NOVEMBER 10, 1896. T/HE M. A. C. R E C O RD The Horse Shoe. ALWAYS ON TOP \ MANY CURIOUS SUPERSTITIONS ABOUT THIS USEFUL ARTICLE. DR. E. A. A. GBANGE. The above commonplace article of commerce is seldom credited as being associated with anything of interest by the average person who has it ap plied to his horses feet merely as a necessary appendage and nothing more, yet if we inquire into its history we find it at times surrounded with so many curious ideas and supersti tious notions it becomes even romantic; while those who were en gaged in the handicraft of shoeing were to be found in various grades of society, from the humble tradesman to those of most enviable rank. that their to contribute to With the Arabs the blacksmith is held in great esteem and is permtted to enjoy many privileges. On the plains he is the sole occupant of a single tent, aud not crowded like his less fortunate neighbors; he is not as sessed like the other members of his tribe the general fund, nor is he called upon to shelter those who are tentless in times of emergency. The lawless members of the tribe, who largely live on plunder, are obliged to share ill-gotten gains with the blacksmith upon their return from a plundering expedition, notwithstanding that he has not taken any active part in the expedition. On the return from the purchase of pro visions each tent is required to pass over a certain share to this lucky man, nor is he forgotten when camels are killed for meat, for he is given the part between the withers and the tail, a choice cut, as it contains not only the saddle, but the tenderloin, but above all he is granted the gift of life in times of conflict. During a battle with another tribe, if he is on horse back with arms in his hands he is as liable to be killed as any one else, but if he dismounts, drops upon his knees, and with the loose mantle of his shoul ders imitates the action of a bellows, by drawing it about him and working his elbows in a manner to produce the effect, his life will be spared; indeed to kill one is regarded as the most in famous crime by the Arabs and one which recoils upon the guilty tribe with such vengeance that they will be pursued by a curse forever%fter. The extensive privilege which the black smith enjoys in Arabia is without doubt due to the great benefit which he confers through his handici-aft to the animal which is beloved above all others by the Arab—his horse. In Abyssinia a very different state of affairs is said to exist, for here he is looked upon as a sorcerer capable of doing all sorts of disagreeable things to unoffending people, so much so that he has become a social out cast, and many people live in fear of his resentment. according In other eastern parts of the old world the trade gains more or less favor, to circumstances, though it does not fall to as low a level anywhere as it does in Abys sinia. Coming westward we find in France the social standing of the craft closely related to the conditions of the dark ages, the times. During when all was strife, and the mounted soldier a most necessary branch of the army, the blacksmith soon became a man of enviable rank and the art of farriery much coveted by the highest dignitaries of the land. Young nobles were required to serve several years apprenticeship with the shoeing smith before attaining he rank of chevalier DAVIS & GO. 1 04 W a s h i n g t on A v e. N o r t h. 1Q4 OUR WINTER GOODS ARE NOW IN—WE WILL BE PLEASED TO SHOW THEM TO YOU. OVERCOATS, ULSTERS, BICYCLE OVERCOATS PEA JACKETS AND VESTS, SINGLE AND DOUBLE BREASTED MELTON SUITS ALL UP TO DATE. Also Full Line of . . . Furnishings and Hats or complete warrior. Of so much im portance was this craft at this time that we find distinguished families glad to adopt it as their surname; thus we have the family, La Ferriere, who still retain the figures of horseshoes upon their scutcheons, while in Scotland we have the honor able name of Ferrier. in France "From whence came Smith? All be he Knight or Squire, But from the Smith that forgeth at the fire." surround Many, curious, and broadcast are the superstitions which the horseshoe. In some parts of England it was once the custom to nail an old horseshoe against the west door of the church. This was supposed to prevent malicious witches from un tying the winds, which delighted in demolishing all such holy structures, while on the Continent it has been cus tomary to nail a horseshoe over the door to keep the witches out. In Hol land a common superstition is said to exist that if a stolen horseshoe be placed upon the chimney piece it will bring good luck to the house. In other parts it is thought that a horseshoe, to possess its mysterious charms, must be found upon the road after having been cast from a horse and then nailed the in some conspicuous place about house. Seafaring men are usually particular about having a horseshoe nailed to some part of the vessel in order that good luck may attend her during the voyage. In some unaccountable manner St. Eloy became the patron saint of far riers about the seventh century. He was not only a. shoer of horses, but was supposed to be inspired in such a way that he could work wonderful miracles amongst diseased animals. Medieval delineations usually depict this holy bishop in the act of shoeing a horse—during which operation he continues to wear his church robes. The patronage of St. Eloy may have attracted the Druid priests, Anglo- Saxon monks and continental prelates to the anvil, for they are said to have been skillful workers in iron. Re markable legends are told concerning the wonderful these men, some of them even going so far as to say that his satanic majesty was one day seized by the nose with the hot tongs of a worker, whom he was trying to tempt. operations of The period when horseshoes were first applied will no doubt ever re main a mystery, but recent discover ies show them to have been in use for several thousand years. This is little to be wondered at when we come to consider that their primary, and perhaps most beneficial effect, is to prevent the wearing away of the hoof, though they are now used to cure or prevent certain diseases of the feet, Gome in and m us anyway also to afford a grip for the draught horse and to prevent slipping, while they are also taken advantage of by the trainer of the roadster, and shoes of different weights are applied to improve the horse's action and develop his muscles, in a similar manner to the athlete who uses dumb-bells to get lam self into condition. As a rule horseshoes are made of iron or steel, but even precious metals have been used in their manufacture. It is recorded that the first Norwegian king, in the eleventh century, caused those who sought his court to shoe their horses with golden shoes, and other extravagant leaders have in dulged in similar absurdities. Rawhide, hardened through hydrau lic pressure, has been successfully used for horseshoes, as has also buck horn, buffalo horn and elk horn; while bronze as well as brass, have also been tried. Perhaps the latest article to find its way into the forge is alum inum, which, on account of lightness, has at least that feature to commend it, but has been so little used that it may still be regarded as in the experi mental stage.—Department of Veteri nary Science. M. A. C. IF YOU MAKE A **Mistake And get in the wrong place try Thompson 8c Van Bnren for yonr next job of printing. IF YOU NEVER MADE A **Mistake s n re r i g ht y o u ' re Be started (for Thompson & V an go Buren's) ahead. t h en OTTAWA STREET EAST SPECIAL RATES ON PHOTOS AT J. G. REUTTER Phone 192 New Phone 76 SHARPSTEEN'S STUDIO. Strictlu First-Glass Photooraohu at Le Clears. 3 22 Washington Ave. South F r e sh AND S a lt M e a ts FINE CHICAGO BEEF A SPECIALTY We are Headquarters for all Kinds of Home- Made Sausage. W. S. BAILEY 1 09 MICHIGAN AVE. W. New Grand Hotel EVERYTHING NEW Special Rates to M. A. C. Boys R. RENNER, Proprietor CUSTOM M READY UK 6L0THING D. A. S E E L E Y, College A g e n t. J E S S OP <& SON Have the neatest Box Calf Shoe in the country. Practically water proof. In needle and new opera toe. Cleanest shoe on the market for $3.00. Winter Russets in all styles from $150 to $5.00. CASH SHOE STORE ^Hollister Block, Lapsing. r THE M. A. C. K E C O K D. NOVEMBEE 10, 1896. CD JZ +-» ® c V- 3 73 0 O CO OS O £ 4- CD JZ -H 0 > OS CD o c O O JZ CD CO O JZ o .5 "o CD a CO 0 "O 0 c . c -3-5 0 o 0 J- £ a CO © CO <» cv 05 cv —* 0 U cd u a V h a s Q (0 0 M (0 w a 0} cd 3 o +•» cd o fa 3 >» O 0 o JZ CO 0 .- h 0 I