ffiW 9H a ©. fRecorl VOLUME I. LANSING, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1896. NUMBER 41 The Chrysanthemum. T H O M AS GUNSOX. T he season of c h r y s a n t h e m u ms a nd foot hall is now at its height. In the halls of t he rich, and in t he cottages of the poor; on street corners a nd in the windows of many stores can he seen masses of this Queen of a u t u mn flowers. t he It is unfortunate t he chrysanthemum were dude a nd a ever associated. marked them t h at I refuse to recognize the associa tion. The growth of the one is u p w a r d; t he other is downward. inconsistency between is such There t h at introduced into cultivation It w as not until The chrysanthemum w as originally a native of China a nd J a p a n, a nd it in w as 1764. sometime in 1868, however, t h at it received its first introduction to American society, at a flower show held under t he aus pices of t he Massachusetts State Hor ticultural Society. Public attention w as again at tract ed to it t w e n ty years later by w h at w as considered a rash specula tion on t he p a rt of an enterprising nurseryman, of Cambridge, Mass., w ho paid to a Boston florist the enormous sum of $1,400 for t he stock of one variety. through The chrysanthemum is a hardy or half-hardy herbaceous plant, and is treated as such in some p a r ts of Eu rope, in t he south of England, a nd in the milder portions of our own coun In t he neighborhood of Wash try. ington, D. C, and all the South, it grows luxuriantly in t he open air, flowering until late in t he a u t u m n. The small early varieties m ay be grown as far north as this in the same way if planted in some sheltered place and protected with a good covering of flower leaves in winter; b ut the late ing kinds require greenhouse protec tion in order to develop the large flow ers on stiff, straight stems to suit t he flower buying public. t he plants were F or m a ny years grown exclusively fact, in pots; in many are so grown yet, especially if intended for exhibition, or to sell as flowering plants. T he usual method is to propagate the plants by cuttings during the months of March or April, and keep growing as rapidly as possible, shift ing them into larger pots as they m ay require, a nd as soon as all danger of frosts is over, the pots are plunged in sand or ashes up to t he rim out of doors, and kept carefully watered. Any lack of attention in this respect will be seriously felt, for they never seem to get over even once getting dry. T he young shoots a re pinched back oc casionally, so as to form dwarf bushy plants, and this should not be done later t h an t he first of August. As soon as there is danger of frosts, the plants a re brought into t he green house. If large flowers a re desired, all t he side buds are pinched oft, just as soon as they appear, leaving only the terminal bud. large To get very flowers a some w h at different method is adopted. T he p l a n ts a re propagated the spring--say April or May, and instead of potting them they are planted out on benches, or in solid beds in the green house, up to as late as t he first week in August. They a re planted later in from eight to twelve inches a p a rt each in a way, according to t he variety, cool house, a nd kept growing as rap flower, idly as possible, until which is usually about this time. If large flowers a re desired all side shoots and lateral buds are kept pinched out. The flowers of p l a n ts grown in this way attain enormous size, a nd range in price from $1 to $5 a dozen. they in A very good example of this method t he east of culture can be seen forcing house. It is especially interest ing, in t h at t he latest varieties can be compared with those of an established reputation. T he different colors and habits of t he plants is an education of itself, as illustrating t he various hues and style Of t he flowers t h at best meet the public taste. Growing specialized c h r y s a n t h e m u ms has be industry. come a highly Great ranges of glass houses, irre spective of location, a re being devoted to t he growing of this one plant. In places where other flowers are grown, a specialist in this line is an absolute necessity. in this themselves fascinating work Raising new varieties h as proved a profitable a nd for some men—notably, Smith & Son, of Adrian, Mich. Several large nursery men in t he E a st have likewise distin guished line, b ut some of the very best varieties origi nated at Adrian. Like its near the ox-eyed daisy, t he chrysanthemum originally had only one row of flowers around t he outside, so t h at the flower w as nearly somewhat flat, with rounded yellow center. Through cul tivation, hybridization and cross-fer tilization, its disk florets have been changed to r ay flowers until they are made to form spherical shape some of them now are. t he nearly relative, r ay a They belong to the largest a nd high est specialized order of plants, which includes the sunflower, t he aster, t he dahlia a nd t he dandelion. Greenhouse. Good Work for M. A. C. An expression of gratitude is due R. S. Campbell, '94, for t he earnest a nd intelligent work he is doing for our College. A few such men working in the pub lic schools of our State would soon solve t he problem' of securing students the Agricultural College. Mr. for Campbell t he Yale schools, and his high school stu dents edit a school column in t he Tale Among t he items in the Expositor. issue of November 6, we find t he fol lowing : is superintendent of fitted Mr. Campbell h as placed a catalogue of t he Michigan Agricultural College, together with some circulars, descrip tive of t he short courses at M .A. C, table. T he course upon our reading is admirably to give graduates of our high schools a broad education along the most practical lines a nd at a very moderate expense. T he short special courses beginning J a n. 4 and lasting six weeks, a re very interesting, and the entire expense is less t h an $25. We noted t h at students w e re in at tendance from nearly every state in the union and t h at Scotland, Siberia. Ontario, Nova Scotia and J a p an had representatives. Strange as it may seem, far off J a p an h as twice as m a ny students as St. Clair county. There is no -tuition c h a r g ed for residents of the State, a nd Mr. Campbell informs us t h at g r a d u a t es from our High school will be admitted without examination. Mr. Campbell spoke Monday morning of t he advisability of pupils in our public schools planning for a higher education. He said t h at good health, determination and perseverance were three essentials t h at would enable a ny boy or girl to attain a college educa tion. We have t he first, a nd it is to be hoped the last, and w hy not make the second ours for a good representa tion at t he Agricultural College. The College Orchards. H. P. GLADDEN. Seek-noHfurther. The The old apple orchard, originally comprising about nine acres, w as set in 1858. T he plantings were mostly Northern Spy, Baldwin, T a l m an Sweet location and chosen w as not a good one, so far as soil a nd exposure a re concerned. T he soil, for the most part, is a sandy loam, and t he ground, in many places, low and wet, with a quicksand foundation. Of t he original setting not a Baldwin remains. T he Northern Spys a nd West- field Seek-no-furthers have withstood the unfavorable conditions best. In some years t he crop of apples borne h as been a large one, but t he general productiveness has not been w h at could have been expected had t he loca tion been better. Orchards, to give best the results, higher lands, a nd t he soil be of a gravelly loam, or of a clayey nature, and with a good strong clay sub-soil beneath. Many of t he Northern Spy trees have been used as stocks to graft newer varieties upon. One portion of the old orchard h as been left in sod for a n u m b er of years, while another part has had thorough cultivation dur ing t he season when cultivation should be kept up. T he better appearance of t he trees a nd t he larger crops of fruit borne on the cultivated portion h as been marked. This orchard h as been largely used for purposes of experi mentation in t he use of t he various fungicides a nd insecticides. should be situated on this class T he old pear orchard is on the hill just west of t he President's house and near the main entrance to the grounds. There is a small a r ea of heavy clay land, about t he only place where soil of is founds which w as thought the best location available for pears. The varieties planted here were, for t he most part, old a nd well-known sorts. T he orchard did well for a num ber of years and produced some excel lent crops of fruits. F o ur or five years ago, pear blight made its appearance and did considerable damage, b ut un sparing pruning a nd entire removals where necessary have kept the disease in check a nd b ut very little w as seen t he p a st season. This orchard has also been much used for experimental pur poses. Around the hospital building a re planted peaches; plums, of American, European a nd J a p a n e se varieties, a nd quite a collection of cherries, mostly of Russian sorts. E a st of t he b a r ns on the horticultural department is a gen eral assortment of plums, numbering specimens of t he American varieties. These w e re set o ut in 1887. In 1890 an additional twelve acres w as obtained from t he agricultural de p a r t m e nt at t he eastern limits of t he College grounds. A portion of this is quite s a n dy a nd on a slight eminence; here peaches h a ve been planted. On other portions p e a rs a nd apples have been set out in considerable variety. T he trees h a ve been s et closer t h an they a re expected to stand, w h en fully grown, with t he intention of removal of some w h en necessary. familiar with Containing, as t he College orchards do, u p w a r ds of 500 varieties of apples, 100 of p e a rs a nd of plums, 50 cherries, together with m a ny quinces, apricots, mulberries, etc., excellent opportunities a re offered s t u d e n ts a nd visitors to be come t he habits of growth a nd merits of m a ny sorts of fruit. Propagation of trees is done by s t u d e n ts from sowing t he seed to graft ing a nd budding. T h is w o rk gives t he College stocks to work n ew varieties t h at upon a nd trees to replace those die a nd to enlarge the orchards when advisable. Horticultural Department. Program of Conference of Michigan Farmers' Institute Workers. Agricultural College, Friday, Nov. BO, 1896. Afternoon,—Agricultural Laboratory. 1:45—Introductory, Hon. O. J. Mon roe, President of t he Conference. 2:00—Model lecture, Prof. Clinton D. Smith. 2:20—Model discussion, carried on by workers. 3:00—Criticisms a nd comments on the above. 3:15—Brief discussions on t he fol lowing topics: 1. Illustrating lectures. 2. Adapting lectures to locations. 3. H ow to d r aw out discussion from the farmers. 4. State workers aiding in discus sions. 3:45—The duties of t he conductor, Chas. W. Garfield. General discussion. Evening,—College Chapel. for topics 7:00—Miscellaneous minute discussions: ten- 1. T he question box. 2. Getting acquainted with t he farm ers. 3. W o m e n 's sections. 4. Advertising M. A. C. a nd Experi m e nt Station. 5. Granges a nd f a r m e r s' clubs. ,6. Railroad a nd hotel rates, a nd ac counts. 8:00—Institute principles a nd prac tices in several states, Kenyon L. But- erfield. Discussion. Both sessions will be open to a ny w ho m ay desire to come. Wooden vs. Iron Ships. Mathematical calculations show t h at an iron ship weighs twenty-seven per cent less t h an a wooden one, a nd will c a r ry 115 tons of cargo for every 100 carried by a wooden ship of the s a me dimensions, a nd both to t he s a me d r a u g ht of water.—Popular Sci ence. loaded T HE M. A. C. R E C O K D. NOVEMBER 17, 1896. the Address by H. B. Cannon, of class of '88 and private secretary to President Willits while assistant sec retary of agriculture. Address by Dr. R. 0. Kedzie, senior member of the faculty of the Agricul tural College. Music by t he choir. Charcoal B u r n i ng by Two Gener a t i o n s. W. G. M E R R I T T, W I TH '93. If all t he lumber now standing in this state could be utilized for lumber, t he charcoal industry would languish, but timber unfitted for lumber manu facture is made use of by t he appli cation of a chemical principle to con vert a w a s te material into marketable products. The changing of wood into charcoal is a chemical change. The application of heat to t he wood fibre breaks up the chemical combinations of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, giv ing a great variety of new compounds. Many of these compounds a re volatile and pass a w ay as vapors or gases, b ut t he main p a rt of the carbon of t he is liberated from combi woody fibre nation by itself and remains behind as charcoal. While it resembles wood to some extent in appearance, it has s h r u nk in weight to about 25 to 30 per cent of the original weight of the wood from which it w as made. is not absolutely pure carbon, for it still con tains 4 per cent of ash and about 4 per cent of the other constituents of woody fibre. It CHARCOAL BY T HE E A R L I ER G E N E R A T I O N S. t he in use the wood T he method employed by first generation of charcoal burners, and extent w as to some still to pile considerable to height in pits dug for the purpose and t he m a ss of covering with soil after to burning. wood has been started Charcoal results by this t r e a t m e nt as well, as by our improved modern meth ods, because air is excluded and heat present. To convert additional wood into charcoal called for digging more pits. To avoid this labor, permanent fire-brick constructed. These are round, shaped like beaver huts, and t h at they last for years. T he odor which such charcoal ovens emit is caused by the escaping smoke, which consists of a mixture of gases and vapors which are inflammable, but which rarely are burned at the top of t he oven. so well constructed ovens were it t h at Six of these brick ovens w e re built near Trowbridge a dozen years ago, and operated for four or five years. Many of t he students of about t h at time re impressed they had member on them t h at t he southwest wind is Michigan's prevailing wind, so strong were these t he creosote odors from charcoal ovens one and one-half miles away. These ovens were t he means of clearing, at considerable profit, sev eral hundred acres of s w a mp lands in this neighborhood. from taking lasting, t he more By either of these t wo methods of charcoal burning, in pits or ovens, the smoke escapes to the atmosphere. In t he case of the mud pit it usually t a k es t he cracks. fire on escaping through But thick- walled, bee-hive kilns it escapes quietly without this smoke burns as flame or not, it be comes p a rt of t he atmosphere. F l a me is merely a visible evidence of rapid It is the process of chemical change. rapid oxidation of carbon or of vapors or gas containing it. The process m ay be rapid or slow. When t he oxidation is slow there is no flame. T he only t he difference fire. W h e t h er alteration of is an A. C. Grange in the Columbian Society rooms Tuesday evening, Nov. 17, for the installation, of officers. T he presence of all members is desired. is ex pected t h at Mrs. Jerome Dills, of De m Witt, will be with u® to the ^ officers, and Mr. Holden, of Capitol talk on Grange, will also give us a t h at evening. install It in The eighth annual contest of the M. A. C. Oratorical association will be t he F i r st Congregational held church, Lansing. F r i d ay evening, De cember 4, 1896. The board of directors is as follows: H. E. Van Norman, Hes perian society, president; T. Chitten den. Columbian society, vice president: J. N. Goodrich, Eclectic society, sec retary; El wood Shaw, Olympic soci ety, treasurer; and L. S. Munson, of t he Union Literary society. T he M. A. C. Grange, after a few months' intermission, met Tuesday evening, Nov. 10, and elected the fol lowing officers: Master, Prof. C. D. Smith; overseer, H. E. Van Norman: lecturer. S. H. Fulton; steward, J. D. McLouth: assistant steward, G. H. T r u e: chaplain, T h o m as Hankinson: treasurer. T. Gunson: secretary, H. W. H a r t; gatekeeper, S. J. Redfern; Ceres, Mrs. L. R. Taft: Pomona. Mrs. C. F. Wheeler; Flora, Mrs. T. Gunson: lady assistant steward. Mrs. C. D. Smith. We evidently did Alma an injustice when we thought they were trying to avoid a frame of football with us. We went to Alma Saturday, played them a stiff game, but lost by a score of 18 to If our team could have a team to 10. in practice we could line up against speed, endurance and soon develop skill, b ut with nothing to break our in terference but a bunch of evergreens and nothing to "buck" but the wind, we do not develop very rapidly. The palm room in the greenhouse contains three kinds of banana trees, the Abyssinian, dwarf, and true ban anas. A Ions the roof of this room trails The the curious "Dutchman's pipe." Spanish bayonet, rubber tree. Norfolk Island pine, the many varieties of palms, banks of ferns, and brilliant interesting. foliage plants, are also flaming Then, in another room, are the poinsettia with its overflowing honev- eups. the curious screw pine, the frag r a nt jasmine, and many other interest- insr and beautiful plants. In the houses below the bank are carnations, pansies, violets and chrysanthemums. Memorial Exercises. Following is the program of exercis es in memory of Hon. Edwin Willits, president of t he Agricultural College 1885 to 1889. who died October 23. 1890. to be held in t he chapel of the College at 2 p. m., Nov. 19, 1890: Music by t he choir. Prayer. Opening remarks by Hon. Franklin Wells, president of the Board of Agri culture. Paper by Governor Rich. Address by Professor Daniel Put nam, member of the State Normal School during President Willits' administration as principal. the faculty of Music by t he choir. At t he College. There are now 250 students enrolled. C. B. Laitner, '97, spent several days in Detroit last week. E. M. Hunt, '99, who has been sick several days, is now able to be about again. We are sorry to learn t h at T. A. Chit tenden, '97, is having a struggle with la grippe. L. H. V an Wormer, '95, h as returned for post graduate work in geometry, botany and zoology. A. B. Cook, '93, drove over from Owosso to spend Sunday with us. He expects to take the dairy course next term. The F a rm Department is compiling a descriptive index of varieties of wheat. T he list now numbers over 2,000 varieties. It would pay you to visit the forcing- houses to see t he fine display of chrys anthemums. They a re gorgeous—all colors, shapes and sizes. T he King's Daughters will meet to- . morrow with Mrs. Snyder; text, "Meas lesson, t he seventh chapter of ure;" Matthew; leader, Mrs. Babcock. Miss Addie McGillvra, of Owosso, a friend of Prof. Cook's family and one of the M. A. C. party at the World's FairK has enrolled the Women's course. in '95, awoke H. R. Parish, familiar echoes in our corridors and on our cam pus last Saturday and Sunday. He will return to Chicago in a few days to resume work in a draughting office. We were misinformed regarding one of the election wagers mentioned last week. K r a m er does not black Red- fern's shoes, but Redfern and Elliott each black Kramer's shoes ten times. recently enrolled, not mentioned elsewhere, a r e: Misses Lu D. Baker, Bertha Wemple and Bertha Thoman, of Lansing; Messrs. C. H. Parker, of Grand Blanc, and D. B. Lanting, of Overisel. Among t he Miss Marie Belliss entertained about fifty of her friends at Abbot hall last F r i d ay evening—a birthday party. The entertainment consisted of a progres sive medley of games. Mr. L y m an w as a w a r d ed first prize, a bunch of chrysanthemums, and Miss Mamie Baker t he consolation, a toy mouse. Refreshments were served. There will be a meeting of the M. t he time. So compounds. immediately combustible factor, wood gases which escape without burning, reach by t he slow process t he same state of oxidation as those t h at to per happen to b u rn t he Likewise m a n e nt into charcoal is eventually converted t he p e r m a n e nt gases in performing In function for which it w as made. this way all of the t he carbon of original wood finds its w ay to the at mosphere, from whence in t he econ omy of n a t u re it is t a k en up by t he of breathing pores of plants and into new to be again con woody fibre, ready verted by another generation of char coal burners into charcoal. t he foliage to enter trees, The burning of a stick of wood is very like the burning of a kiln of wood into charcoal. Wood put onto a bed of live coals becomes heated; the wood fibre b r e a ks u p; t he volatile portion as it escapes is ignited by t he heat from the coals; the free carbon corre sponding becomes heated, and, as it Is exposed to t he air, takes lasts as live coal after t he volatile portion If air is excluded (as by has burned. covering it with ashes), charcoal re sults. It burns slowly and t he charcoal fire. to The first gas mains ever laid were put down in the city of Paris for the purposofcof saving these w a s te gases from charcoal burning. T h at is, wood w as the first material from which il luminating g as w as made. B ut chem ists discovered t h at one of t he vapors the in the mixture which comes from wood is alcohol, and this led to a large saving in thirty years wood alcohol has been t h us re covered. I ts recovery w as so profit able t h at m a ny works were erected especially to produce it. This chem ical discovery so changed t he industry t h at product, charcoal, got to be regarded as of least consequence and hardest to market. t he former industry. principal F or the CHARCOAL BY T HE PRESENT GENERA TION in in is produced by placing t he wood long horizontal iron retorts nine feet and five feet in diameter, which a re set in brick work like boilers a nd con nected with copper cooling coils w a t er t a n k s. The vapors a re t h us con densed as a black liquor a nd t he very combustible non-condensable gas is burned under t he retorts, thereby as sisting to h e at t he wood which is being charred inside t he retorts. The liquor three condensed by t he coils h as from to six per cent both of wood alcohol and acetic acid, which are separated recovered by suitable chemical and T he acetic acid treatment. is com to form a neutral lime bined with solid, which is then bagged and sent to Germany where the acetic acid is re fined and to our m a r k e t s. T he alcohol is distilled repeatedly till impurities and reasonably free from water, when it is sent into t he mar ket to be used as a solvent for var nishes for wood and in electrical con struction. A cord of wood is m a de to yield from six to ten gallons of alcohol. returned THE NEXT GENERATION OP CHARCOAL BURNERS. Aside from t he valuable products, wood alcohol a nd acetic acid, con densed and saved by modern methods, there is much more to do in t he recov ery of w a s te in charcoal burning. On distilling the crude condensed liquor to obtain t he alcohol there remains be hind a thick oily t ar for which no use so far has been found. It contains m a ny complex compounds,—common paraffin vestigating the composition of wood is one, and it w as while in NOVEMBER 17, 1896. T HE M. A. C. K E C O K D. 3 F r om factories t h at Reichenbach, first discovered paraffin t he near one t h is in a German t ar in chemist, hundred 1830. charcoal country thousands of gallons of wood t ar an nually a re either burned or dumped into swamps, or p ut a n y w h e re to get rid of it without damaging property. To m a ke this material of use or to profitably obtain useful material from it is t he problem before t he charcoal burners of the coming generations. The F a r m e r s' Club. E. A. B A K E R, '99. In no di The farmers' club is a growth of recent date in the social organizations It has been advanced' of this country. only in the last few years. vision of society has organization been productive of more improvement, how ever, t h an it has in and among the farmers of our country. F a r m e r s, as a class, have come to feel the need of such organization. The club meeting is the political meeting is to the politician, the teach institute is to t he teacher, or the ers' congress of religion is to t he church member—a means advancement along their respective lines of work. to the farmer w h at for committees. Their mode of operation this: is the Leading men, and women-Tj£or women t a ke quite as active a p a rt in this work as do t he men—who realize t he good t h at may come from organi zation, meet and arrange a program, to be delivered at some future appoint ed meeting, which is to be held at some farmer's home. Everyone is in vited to come and bring with him his wife and a well-filled lunch basket. On the appointed day a permanent or ganization is effected, with the neces sary officers and The forenoon is spent in making a tour of inspection of the farmer's crops, stock, buildings, etc., and this foreseen visit by his neighbor farmers stimulates him to have every in his endeavor thing in good order. T he noon hour having arrived, every one produces the lunch basket a nd proceeds required to replenish the inner man. Follow ing this is t he program, which consists of music, recitations, the presentation of specially prepared topics, and the discussion of each. Topics on state questions, questions relative to local government and improvement, means of educating the farmer as well, are all discussed ably and with keen interest, to the welfare of the community. the children,—and carry on his his own welfare, all It has been recently stated by one in a high position in our land, t h at the farmer is too highly educated. Now, he may be too highly educated to bene fit a certain class of individuals mater ially, but he certainly can appropriate, education for to which will strengthen his ability business. successfully The farmers' club is a very active pro moter of this kind of education. The good which does come from these meetings cannot be too highly t he farmer meets estimated. Here his fellow farmer, discusses methods of farm management, different modes of culture; in fact, there is an inter change of ideas 'which can be but for the benefit of every one present. The science of farming demands advance ment, not only in theory, but also in practice, and this advancement can not take place except as it is effected by t he individual farmer. The social benefits which arise from such gather ings are not a few. They furnish re lief, both to t he farmer and his wife, from t he too often wearisome monot ony of farm life. Club meetings come to be looked forward to as one would anticipate a holiday or a v i s it E v e ry s u m m er it is the custom for several clubs to unite a nd have a pic nic, which is a united club meeting. The work of the several clubs in every county or immediate counties is aug mented by t he annual Institute, which is conducted by men sent out by the State F a r m e r 's Institute. Delegations from each club a re in attendance at these meetings and take an active part. The clubs of Michigan have a joint organization, known as the Associated F a r m e r s' Club. This association has a department devoted in pur leading s t a te agricultural paper, The Michigan F a r m e r. This depart ment is at present conducted by A. C. Bird. to its use "good Much has already been accomplished in the way of reform by the joint ac tion of t he clubs. T a x es have been lowered considerably in several of the the state. Much leading counties of is being done toward the adoption of road" movement. Un the replaced worthy officials have been by others who were better for office. Much attention has been given institutions, both penal to our state and educational. In fact, these meet ings seem to a w a k en a very active interest in affairs which hitherto have been left entirely in the hands of a few politicians. fitted The time is not far distant when the club meeting of the farmers of every township will be of more importance, and equally as permanent, as the ven erable town meeting. When farmers a re organized, and operations conduct ed in harmony with existing circum stances, them selves felt in the world, and can place themselves on equal footing with or ganized capital. they make then can News F r om G r a d u a t es and S t u d e n t s. John W. Tracy, '96, has so far re covered as to be out again. L. C. Smith, with '97, writes from Gaylord t h at he will return to M. A. C. next term. Mrs. MacArthur, mother of Duncan '94, died at her home D. MacArthur, in Cass City, October 29. It is reported t h at John W. O'Ban- non, '89, has enlisted in the 6th Regi ment of Cavalry, U. S. A. J. H. Steele, '96m, left last Wednes day for Rockford, 111., to take a posi tion in a draughting office. Alex. Moore, '89, P o rt Huron, w as elected. circuit court commissioner by the Republicans of St. Clair county. At the recent republican ratification meeting in Cass City, Supt. Gerritt Masselink, '95, w as one of the speak ers. E. O. Ladd, '78, Old Mission, Mich., in w as reelected register of deeds G r a nd Traverse county by a handsome plurality. E. Noyes Thayer, 93m, is designing t he Dickenson Engraving Co., is 366 for Grand Rapids. His address Fountain street. G. C. Lawrence has bought a farm j u st out of Ypsilanti, and will move there this week to engage in the fruit and poultry business. W. W. Tracy, '93, passes his exami nation, and receives a permanent ap pointment in t he Agricultural Depart ment, Washington, D. C. H a r ry W. Tracy, '94, who is travel ing for D. M. F e r ry & Co., w as con fined to his room in a town in North ern Maine, from the middle of October until a few days ago, by an abscess. J. E. Clark, w ho took post g r a d u a te work here in t he s u m m er of '95, is president of the Oceana County Teach ers and P a t r o n s' Association. This is his third year as principal of t he Shel by schools. E. Peck Safford, '91m, made a busi ness trip to Lansing last Tuesday a nd came out in the evening to see his old is still with the Lake friends. He Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad Co., b ut the blacksmithing department at Elkhart, Ind. is now in t he office of Prof. W. M. Munson, '88, horticultur ist in the Maine State College, h as fin ished, for the present, his post gradu ate work at Cornell University a nd re "I turned to Orona, Me. He writes: am t he receive pleased to weekly visits of T HE RECORD a nd to re new the acquaintance of "Auld Lang Syne." a l w a ys "An Arizona Cactus Garden" is the title of an article in a recent number of Garden by J. W. and Forest, Tourney, '89. Prof. Tourney has been engaged for t he past in bringing together on the grounds of the University of Arizona all known species of interesting family of plants indigenous to t he United States. three years this T HE RECORD has received from Prof. W. C. Latta, '77, superintendent of in stitutes for Indiana, his schedule of farmers' institutes for the coming sea son. Ninety-two institutes have been arranged for, and we notice among the "workers" three "old campaigners" in Michigan institutes, viz., J. H. Brown, Climax; A. C. Glidden, P aw P a w; and R. M. Kellogg, Three Rivers. F r om the Michigan School Moderator we learn t h at t he Galien high school, of which L. H. Baker, '93, is principal, voted for president, using the regular form of ticket. T he pupils contributed t wo cents each and bought an oak pic ture frame, which they hung over t he superintendent's desk. On each side of it they put a picture, one of McKin- ley and one of Bryan, and within the frame a clean sheet of white paper. When election were known t he successful candidate's pic t u re w as placed in the frame. results of the Ttie MAUD S WIND MILL AND PUMP 60MPANY, Manufacturers of CYCLONE PROOF CALVANIZED STEEL WIND MILLS AND "MAUD S" PUMPS, Lansing, Mich. THE mm mm COMPANY WHOLESALE DEALER IN B e l t i n g, H o s e, I r on P i pe a nd F i t t i n g s, T u b u l ar W e ll S u p p l i e s, e t c. STATE AGENT FOB MftUD S PUMPS, LANS,NM,CH,6AN F OR A N Y T H I NG IN HARDWARE, STOVES, TINWARE, GRANBTE WARE, CUTLERY, ETC. TRY ~ ... Norton's Hardware HI Washington Ave. S. ...COLLEGE BUS... Leaves M. A. C. for Lansing at 8:30 a. m. and 1:30 p. m. Returning, leaves Lans ing at 10:30 a. m. and 4:30 p. m. Packages prompt attention. left at Emery's will receive Livery or Bus for picnics at resonable rates. NEW PHONE H. O. P A L M ER THE MAPES CLOTHING CO. 207 and 209 WASHINGTON AVE., SOUTH. Our $5.00 Suit and Overcoat Sale caSttMs week's business demonstrated the fact that LOW PRICES and GOOD V A L U ES are great trade winners. We have sold more goods in the past 10 days, than, (consider ing the conditions of the times) we could expect to have sold in a month. We cannot stop this sale in the midst of a whirlwind of business, so will let the good work go on and continue this great profit crushing but business producing FIVE DOLLAR SUIT AND OVERCOAT SALE. We've got the goods and must have the money. We are getting desparate and bound to make business if we don't make a cent and in our higher grades of Men's, Boys' and Children's Suits and Overcoats as well as FURNISHING GOODS We are offering more solid inducements, more genuine and unmatchable bargains than any house in the state. me Map6$ Giothino GO., 207 and 2 09 W A S H I N G T ON A V E ., SOUTH 4 T HE M. A. i. R E C O R D. KOVEMBEK 17, 1896. The M. A. C. Reeord. criminal had the intellectual but not the moral training. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE E D I T ED BY T HE F A C U L T Y, ASSISTED BY T HE STUDENTS. A D D R E SS A LL M A IL TO L O CK B OX 262, L A N S I N G, M I C H. SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS P ER Y E A R. Business Office with R O B E RT S M I TH P R I N T I NG Co., Printers and Binders, 108-120 Michi gan Ave. West, Lansing, Mich. Entered as second-class matter at Lansing, Mich. For various reasons T HE M. A. C. RECORD is occasionally sent to those who have not sub scribed for the paper. Such persons need have no hesitation about taking the paper from the postofflce, for no charge will be m a de for it. The only way, however, to secure the RECORD regularly is to subscribe. Industrial Education. In education three objects are to be aimed at. First, ethical or moral cul ture; second, intellectual development and, third, economic or practical value. Children should be taught to have clear conception of right and wrong; should have consciences sensitive to all moral obligations and will power sufficient to restrain in time of temp tation and to carry out the demands of a well-developed and highly enlight ened moral nature. They should be taught that the mandates of feeling and conscience are to be reverenced and obeyed and that the whole being should bow in humble submission to the great principles enunciated in the Moral Law. The happiness of the individual, the good of society and the welfare of the state demand that the moral element in education be not neglected. This instruction does not usually oc cupy a place upon the school program. It is taught in a quiet incidental way, very often without any conscious ef fort on the part of the teacher. And this is the crucial test of teaching. Not how many pupils pass the re quired tests, although that in itself is good, nor how quiet and orderly the pupils are, however much this may be desired, but how much do they love the truth, what temptation can they withstand, what aspirations do they have to live noble lives and to be of some use to the world. The teacher who can touch life in this way has a qualification that surpasses all others. Character is the greatest qualification for any man or woman who has any thing to do with the training of chil dren at home, school or elsewhere. The chief aim of education in the past has been intellectual develop ment; the cultivation of the perceptive faculties, the storing of the mind with knowledge, and the strengthening of the reasoning powers. The intellect is but one part of the brain, yet it re ceives almost all the attention when the mind is considered educationally, studies have been pursued without any special reference to the other de partments of the mind so long as they gave food for intellectual growth. A great store of knowledge and keen rea soning powers are ends to be sought, but they by no means embrace a com plete education. Many men with such qualifications are tricksters, dishonest demagogues, and often criminals. The superintendent of one of our prisons said, "The greatest rascal I have in custody can write out our Lord's languages." This Prayer in seven CONDITIONS H A LF A CENTURY AGO. At one time intellectual and moral training were all that was deemed necessary, but conditions have so changed within the last half century that our educational systems must change to meet these new conditions. What were the conditions a century, or even half a century ago? Fifty years ago our school system was unformed, and only a few communities had school more than a few months during the' year. The great majority of people lived in the country. The boys worked with their fathers on the farm and the girls were busy assisting their mothers in taking care of the domestic duties where they were early in life taught to sew, cook and perform all other kinds of household work. The boys very soon in life wre familiar with all the work of the farm. They soon learned to drive the team, to plow and plant; to use the tools and machinery of the farm. Both the boys and girls were in most cases acquiring the training which would aid them in after life. The boy, when he reached the age of twenty-one, was fa miliar with the operations on the farm and was an accomplished husbandman. The young woman at the same age was Well equipped for assuming the cares and duties of the position in life which she in all probability would be called to fill. The school education of each was of short duration, and perhaps of not a very high order, but they had served a long apprenticeship. They had many times been placed in trying positions and had so many times overcome diffi culties that they had learned not to fear a task because it was hard. They had been trained to work; their indus trial education while quite varied was of no mean order. It would have been folly at that time to have taken part of the two or three months spent in school each year for industrial work. The time was all too short to acquire the book knowledge and intellectual train ing which was deemed necessary even in those unpretending days. They could at best during the few weeks of school acquire only the rudiments of an education. While the terms are much longer, the other conditions are much the same in many of our rural schools today. The pupils in these schools receive considerable industrial work at home and cannot afford to give precious school hours, which are too few at best, for this work. It will be many years before it will be wise and practical to introduce much industrial work into rural schools. But how the conditions have changed during the last half century? Instead of a quiet rural population more than half our people live in large towns and cities. In some states only about 20 per cent, of the people live on farms. Not so many people are needed now to carry on the farm work. Most of the land has been reduced from its prime val state and modern machinery has taken the place of the laborer. One self-binder comes into a neighborhood and twenty men lean on their cradles; the steam thresher comes puffing up the lane in the morning, long before night long it is gone, and that flailing tiresome winter's the grain has vanished. One man can now with im provements do the work that required the time of three or four men half a century ago. The same is true in al most all our arts and trades. One nail cutter with his little machine does the work that required the hard labor of one thousand men a century ago. Fac- the modern job of lories have taken the place of shops. The cabinet shops, wagon shops, wool en mills and grist mills of half a cen tury ago are almost all gone. The ap prentice, and master have given way to the capitalist and laborer. Modern in vention and the combining of capital have made great industrial centers to which the rural population have gath ered in such numbers that cities have sprung up as by magic, and instead of a people whose industries are almost exclusively agricultural, as it was half a century ago, we have become one of the leading manufacturing nations of the world. PRESENT CONDITIONS. The city boy grows up usually with out knowing what hard work means. In very few instances does he work with his father and learn his father's business. In most cases he grows up without any knowledge of the trade or business by which his father has earned his living. to Instead of two or three months of school during the winter, as was vhe case fifty years ago, now nearly the whole year is given up to this school, and in addition pupils are given so much work to prepare outside of school hours at home that they have very little time to do chores or any other labor. Pupils are often better known to their teach ers than they are to their parents, and in many instances the school seems to have a greater influence in the forma tion of character than does the home. Instead of labor on the farm or in the household and an industrial skill \ uat makes its possessor independent, mi ny of the youths turned out by our high schools are utterly helpless as far as If a earning a living is concerned. clerkship can be found, all is well, but if not the case is often pitiable. The boy is not lazy but his education has led him away from manual labor and given him a distaste for it. He would rather accept a clerical position at $4 per week than to go into a shop or fac tory at wages twice as great. To think of donning greasy clothes and having his hands and face discolored with dirt gives him a fit of despondency at once. If his education was intended to fit him to take hold of the active duties of life it is manifestly a misfit. As a scholar he can copy and keep books, but society needs educated mechanics much more than it needs clerks, and will give them equal honor, more inde pendence and much more remunera tion for their labor. But what is wrong? The boy was all right when he started to school and his reports show that he has passed, successfully, all of his examinations. Could it be that his education has led him away from his environments? Let us see. In every day life "he is sur rounded by the visible, tangible, con structive sides of this busy world—hous es, stores, churches, factories, machines, processes, streets, waterways and rail roads. Why should not a system of education hold some close relation to important sections of the world's ac tivity as it does to those other depart ments where law, medicine and liter ary culture each plays its important part? Why should it not be kept in mind that the boy must earn a living after his school days are over, and at least part of his training be conducted with special reference to this fact. It is certainly the first duty of the school to prepare its students for life—pro ductive, active and aggressive, and cer tainly that system of education which best fits its recipient for earning a living, honestly and respectfully, in- j w . - • - - ' . . . —- as sures to the family the best parents, to the state the best citizen and to the na tion the best patriots." What has been shown to be true of the boys is also equally true of the girls. Their education has not been such as to prepare them for the respon sibilities of life. There is less excuse for this state of affairs with girls than there is with boys; for while boys may enter any one of twenty fields of labor, girls stand about twenty chances to one to enter the same field of labor. In a leading woman's college in the recently, some benevolent east, quite scheme was attempted by organizing small circles of students to meet an hour each week, to sew, while one of their members was to read some inter esting book. But the project failed. There were enough who could find the time, enough who sympathized with the purpose of the organization, and more than enough to read, and read to the edification of all; but here in this" college of exceptionally well bred young women, with an immense store of ancient and modern learning, the benevolent scheme failed because the girls had so little skill in the use of the needle. But it is not only this class of women who are deficient in domestic training. A benevolent organization in one of our eastern cities endeavored to aid the families of the laboring classes during the present hard times by dis tributing among them good flannels and woolen cloth with which they could make clothing for their children. But to their great surprise they found that comparatively few women could make clothing for their children when the cloth was furnished them. When sewing was introduced in the public schools of Boston and Philadel phia it was found necessary to employ specialists—not to supervise the work but to do the actual teaching. The average teacher in these and other cities seems not to know enough of this most common of all arts to be able to teach it to little children. How much does the average girl graduate of the grammar schools or high schools science and know about domestic household economy? If the object had been to prepare them for a life of leisure rather than for a life of activity and usefulness their education would scarcely differ from the course of study they have been required to pursue. These stud ies, while from the ethical and intel lectual standpoint have been of a high order, yet on the economic or practical side they amount to nothing, and when one of these girls becomes some man's delight and is asked to take charge of a home she must fall back on the un scientific and very meager knowledge that she has chanced to gather up from her mother or perhaps worse yet from some ignorant servant. Poor girl, she would gladly exchange her four years of Latin for the ability to bake a loaf of good bread. But you will say, "She can buy her bread," and that is just what she will do, and she will buy much else that will be very expensive. She has no idea of the comparative nu tritive value of foods. She does not know how to purchase the best foods, and when they are purchased she does not know how to prepare them properly for use. The grocery and meat bills consume the earnings of the husband, and.yet they never have a dainty, enjoyable meal. The home is far from what it might be. This state of affairs very often breeds discontent and leads to family broils and drives the husband to seek pleasure in the club room or saloon. Even if the hus band should be a man of means the case is not much better. The wife will NOVEMBER 17, 1896. THE M. A. C. EECOED. 5 be at t he mercy of ignorant s e r v a n ts whose duties s he does n ot possess t he requisite knowledge to oversee a nd direct. Most mothers would hesitate or prob ably refuse to give their d a u g h t e rs in to t he care a nd keeping of a young m an w ho h ad no trade, calling or tan gible m e a ns of support, b ut at t he same time she will allow her son, often because s he cannot help it, to t a ke to himself a young w o m an as wife, w ho has no training or knowledge of t he duties awaiting h er in t he most noble of all vocations open to women. T he records of our divorce courts are filled with t he recital of troubles t h at never would have materialized h ad t he wo man been as able to m a n a ge the econo mics of t he household as t he m an w as to earn a support for t he family. these During times of general de pression we need not only better prices for our produce a nd better wages for our laborers, b ut above all we need to l e am h ow to live economically a nd keep within our means. F or t he lat ter result t he world must look mainly to t he women. As t he founder of P r a tt Institute says, " T he m an w ho earns ten dollars per week will have a more attractive a nd happy home with a wife trained in household economy t h an a m an w ho receives twice as much whose wife h as b ad no training in domestic economy a nd thrift." INFLUENCES THAT HAVE MOULDED OUB PRESENT COURSE OF INSTRUCTION. B ut w hy h as the" practical part of education been omitted from our pub lic school system ? T he history of edu cation will probably throw some light on the question. As t he great univer sities of Europe grow out of monastic a nd cathedral schools, so our older Am erican colleges were nearly all t he children of t he church. T he preach ers were in the early d a ys almost t he only learned men, a nd therefore t he only teachers. Naturally enough, as they were t he founders a nd teachers these earliest colleges were devoted al most exclusively to t he cultivation of classics a nd philosophy. theology, t a u g ht w h at These parson-teachers they held to be t he only thing worth learning, a nd they were right in put ting above character a nd culture everything else, though they were com pelled to omit important elements of training. These schools a re t he par ents of t he colleges a nd universities of today. Academies were soon started as praparatory schools for these col leges. About this time or before t he elementary into ex istence. Quite recently, almost with in t he last quarter of a century, t he high school h as come into prominence taking t he place of t he academy as a preparatory school a nd serving also t he functions of a finishing school. O ur high school courses of study a re almost universally dictated by our colleges If high school grad and universities. to t he uates expect to be admitted freshman class of our higher institu tions they must pursue a certain course of classical study. If a high school would be recognized by t he higher in stitutions it must fix its course of study so as to prepare students to enter their courses. After t he high school h as t h us fixed its course, it says to t he g r a m m ar school, "You must prepare your pupils thus a nd so if you expect them to enter here." T he higher insti tutions a re crowding work down into the high schools a nd they in t u rn a re endeavoring very hard to compel t he g r a m m ar schools to relieve them of p a rt of their work in algebra and Latin. The whole scheme is well suited to t he (Continued on P a ge Six.) school came Official D i r e c t o r y. Sunday Chapel Service—Preaching at 2:30 p. m. Y. M. C. A.—Holds regular meetings every T h u r s d ay evening at 6:30 a nd Sunday evenings at 7:30. S. H. Ful ton, President. C. W. Loomis, Cor. Secretary. Y. W. C. A. regular weekly meetings for all ladies on t he campus Tuesday evenings at 8 o'clock, in t he ladies' par lors. Meetings on Sunday evenings with t he Y. M. C. A.; Miss Edith F. McDermott, President; Miss Alice Georgia, Cor. Secretary. M. A. C. Grange—Meets every three weeks on Tuesday evening in t he Co lumbian Society rooms. Prof. C. D. Smith, Master. H. W. H a r t, Secretary. Society—Regular meeting second F r i d ay evening of each month in t he chapel at 7:00. H. C. Skeels, President. W. R. Kedzie, Sec retary. N a t u r al History Botanical Club—Meets first and third F r i d ay of each month in t he Botanical Laboratory at 6:30. T. Gunson, Presi dent. W. R. Kedzie, Secretary. Dante Club—Meets every Wednesday evening at 7:30 in Prof. W. O. Hed- rick's office, College Hall. Prof. A. B. Noble, President. M. A. C. Athletic Association—C. B. Laitner, President. G. B. Wells, Sec retary. Columbian Literary Society—Regular meeting every Saturday evening in their rooms in t he middle w a rd of Wells Hall, at 7:00. E. H. Sedgwick, President. C. F. Austin, Secretary. Delta T au Delta Fraternity—Meets F r i d ay evenings in t he chapter rooms on fourth floor of Williams Hall, at 7:00. E. A. Baker, President. C. P. Wykes, Secretary. Eclectic Society—Meets on fourth floor of Williams Hall every Saturday at 7:30 p. m. C. D. Butterfleld, Presi dent. Manning Agnew, Secretary. Feronian Society—Meets every Fri day afternoon at 1:00 in Hesperian rooms. Miss Sadie Champion, Presi dent. Miss Marie Belliss, Secretary. Hesperian Society—Meetings held every Saturday evening in t he society rooms in t he west ward of Wells Hall at 7:00. J. D. McLouth, President. R. H. Osborne, Secretary . Olympic Society—Meets on fourth floor of Williams Hall every S a t u r d ay evening at 7:00. H. W. H a r t, Presi dent. C. J. Perry, Secretary. P hi Delta T h e ta Fraternity—Meets on F r i d ay evening in chapter rooms in Wells Hall, at 7:00. W.G.Amos, Presi dent. F. H. Smith, Secretary. Union Literary Society—Meetings held in their hall every Saturday evening at 7:00. E. A. Robinson, Presi dent. S. F. E d w a r d s, Secretary. T au Beta Pi Fraternity—Meets every two weeks on T h u r s d ay evening in t he tower room of Mechanical Laboratory. G. A. P a r k e r, President. E. H. Sedg wick, Secretary. Club Boarding Association—I. L. Simmons, President. H. A. Dibble, Secretary. Try a nd T r u st Circle of King's Daughters — Meets alternate Wednesday. Mrs. C. L. Weil, Presi dent. Mrs. J. L. Snyder, Secretary. • every OF" M I C H I G A N. . . . S O U ND A ND CHEAP.. Incorporated under t he laws of Michigan by 100 leading Michigan Bankers. HOME OFFICE, LANSING, MICH. W. E. TRAGER, DEALER IN Fresh AND Salt Meats 5 09 Michigan Ave. E. .. Tornado Top" ..and -A— Whistle ...COMBINED. Brass, nickel plated. No strings or springs. Changes color while going. Send postal for circular or 15 cents in stamps for sample to L John C. 6oodrich, Detroit, Mich. BUCK SELLS Furniture - ^ = R I G H T. ALL GOODS DELIVERED TO THE COLLEGE FREE. Best Woven Wire Cots, - - Hi 25 Best Woven Wire Springs, - 1 50 WE SELL EVERYTHING. M.J.&B.M.BUCK O P EN E V E N I N G S. LOWEST PRICES Will be quoted to SCHOOL ... LIBRARIES... And others sending lists of books wanted to Lansing Book & Paper Co., L A N S I N G, M I C H. ...My... Neckwear ^ t o ck C o n t a i ns a ll J ne L a t e st I d e as as to SHAPE, G0L0R AND PATTERN lower than and the price ever before. Would be pleased to have you come in and see it. BEFORE PURCHASING YOUR PALL ASTD WINTER = H A T= A l l ow me to s h ow y ou s o me n a t ty " Up to D a t e" s t y l e s. N o t h i ng b ut relia ble q u a l i t i es find p l a ce in my s t o c k. STUDENT'S PATRONAGE SOLICITED. ELGIN MIFFLIN THE OUTFITTER. barefoot girls $2.95 w i ll n ot be p a r t i c u l a r ly i n t e r e s t ed in t he v e ry l a t e st s t y le s h o es m a de up on t he n ew r o u nd t oe l a s t s, b ut g i r ls w ho w e ar s h o es w i ll be p l e a s ed to s ee t h e m. M a de in finest V i ci K i d, h a nd t u r n ed or w e l t, ( e x t e n s i o n) s o l e s, l a ce or b u t t o n. We cal* s p e c i al a t t e n t i on to a h e a vy s o le s t r e et s h o e, m a de f r om soft, d u ll g o at s k i n, fine as s i l k, t o u gh as c a l f s k i n, at $ 3 . 50 a p a i r. We offer t h e se to g et t h em s t a r t ed at T WO N I N E T Y - F I V E. REPAIRING. We r e p a ir s h o es a nd m e nd r u b b e rs C. D. WOODBURY 103 W a s h i n g t on A v e. S. O NE OF T HE L A T E S T. KKKK>0CeOO«0<}«000«0^ 6 T HE M. A. C. K E C O K D. NOVEMBER 17, 1896 Industrial Education. (Continued from Page Five.) needs of the few who expect to take a college or university course, but to the many who are of necessity compelled to leave school often before the gram mar school course is completed they offer no opportunity whatever for prac tical training. IN P R O G R E SS I N D U S T R I AL W O RK A ND W H AT S H O U LD BE D O NE IN OUR GRAMMAR A ND H I GH SCHOOLS. Very much has been done in indus trial education in this country during the last twenty-five or thirty years. There are in the south as many insti tutions of higher learning giving work along these lines as there were higher institutions in existence in the south at the close of the Avar. Many promi nent technical schools have been start ed and to many of our universities have such departments been added. to some extent, Nearly all our larger cities have add ed this work to their public schools, but only to a limited extent. Public sentiment is compelling this work to be taken up. People realize that at the public least, schools should prepare pupils for the work of life. Above all, they are con vinced that it is not the function of the public school to educate boys and girls They realize that away from labor. the school should educate pupils to work rather than to give them a dis taste for it. The great bulk of hu manity are doomed to earn their bread by the sweat of their brow, and in stead of making pupils dissatisfied with their environments the tendency should be to keep them where they naturally belong, but to make them in telligent, skillful and happy in such vo cations. It is all right for a bright pupil to break away from his environ ments and enter a profession or some other advanced field of labor, but it should not be made an object of the schools to prepare pupils exclusively for such fields of work. The schools belong to the people and should be kept close to the people with the in tent of doing the greatest good to the greatest number. It is doubtful wheth- any city grammar school or high school is fulfilling its proper mission unless it offers some line of indhustrial work to its pupils. If it were left with me to fix the course of study for our primary and grammar schools, I would give me chanical drawing, and shop work to all boys over ten or eleven years of age, and to the girls between the ages of eight and twelve I would give sewing, and to those over twelve years of age I would teach cooking. Advanced work along these lines should be given throughout the high school course. Manual training will do much for the boys in many ways; it is a good healthful exercise and will keep them in touch with manual labor. When they are through school if it is neces sary to enter some factory or shop they will not hesitate to do so, whereas if they are allowed to grow up without this training it is very difficult to en tice them to take up any line of work which implies hard manual labor. It is claimed, of course, that our pub- • lie schools already do not have time to teach well all that are on their pro grams. This perhaps is true but the universal verdict of all schools in which manual training has been made a part of the work is that pupils will spend four or five hours a week in the shops without any material effect upon their studies. A few years ago all England was startled with an official report giving the number of boys be tween ten and fourteen years of age who were employed in their factories. that An effort was made to give these boys an education, and a law was passed by which these boys were compelled to attend school half of each day. It was the boys who soon discovered worked one-half of the day and attend ed school the other half were making even better progress in tbeir studies than those boys who attended school the full day. Boys become interested in this work and thereby are enticed to remain in school longer than the boys who do hot take such work, and very often they are led to form a taste for some special line of work, or are able to discover the calling or trade for which they are best adapted. The dull boys realize very often that although they are not good in their studies yet they are good for something and it gives them an energy and zeal which lifts them to a higher plane of action. But above all, the purely edu cational value of such labor is very great, and this feature alone has been the means of placing in many schools. It has been demonstrated, and is now accepted as a sound peda labor gogical principle, that manual thereby increases brain power and makes it possible for a pupil to do better intellectual work. The experi ence of almost every teacher verifies this theory. It is not the indolent, lazy boy, but the active pupil whom we ex pect to make the best progress in his studies. it is not intended that The value of this work in sewing and cooking to girls is simply incal culable. It has a direct bearing on all their life work. If a young woman is a good seamstress and understands thoroughly the science of, as well as the art of cooking, she certainly is well equipped to meet the trying battles of life. It industrial work should take the place of intellec tual training but it is urged that it should have some place in our system of cation. At one time the ethical and in tellectual culture and training were deemed sufficient, but in this industrial age, when pupils see so little of home life, and receive so little training from their parents, it is very necessary that they should be equipped for meeting the responsibilities of life, and in what better way can this practical training be given than in our public schools. Domestic Science. AMY B. VAUGHN '97. training secured The object of all education is to prepare men and women for the duties and pleasures of life. If purely intel these ends, lectual there would be no need for technical training, but in all countries the major ity of people must labor with hands as well as brains, and when the hand and brain go together the work must be satisfactory. Twenty years ago the question of training girls for household duties was yet in its infancy, and when people became interested in this question and tried to introduce the subject into our institutions of learning, serious ob jections arose. Two of the strongest of these were: First, that this kind of training would lower the standard of intellectual education, and second, that these institutions were not to teach a trade, that they had no time for this, that there was too much other work. But all objections are being gradually overcome, and into many of our schools and colleges, side by side with the various other studies, has come this course of domestic sci ence. As taught in our Agricultural Col leges of today, this course includes in cludes instruction in regard to the sit uation of our homes, proper ventila tion, the furnishing of the home, cook ing, care of the health, and sewing. Housekeeping has become a science. The profession of housekeeping is one of the highest. Whatever art or ac complishment girls may acquire be sides, let them consider that the man agement of a household is not to be despised. First in regard to the situation of our homes: We must know that the grounds can be well drained and we must see that pure water is accessible. Then we must see that this home of ours has means for proper ventilation. There is so much of God's free, fresh air around us, ahd yet the many homes of this land are not properly ventilated. This must be remedied. The art of home furnishing, too, is the home must be made essential; beautiful and attractive. Next come the lessons in cooking. Cooking is no longer guess work, there is a right way and there is a wrong way. Ruskin says, "To be a good cook requires the economy of our great-grandmothers and the science of the modern chemist." There is such a lack of knowledge, even among ex perienced cooks, of the nature of food and its proper combinations, and much unwholesome cooking has been the re sult of this ignorance. To remedy this, instruction in cooking has been introduced into our schools, thus giv ing the girls some knowledge of the chemistry of foods. In this conection come lessons in is economy. A loaf of bread that burned or allowed to mould brings no return, but is so much value thrown away. If a family consumes at one meal more than is necessary to keep them in perfect health, that much has been wasted, or even worse, it causes disease. What an excellent motto for the kitchen would be Shakespear's words: "He that keeps nor crust, nor crumb, wearied of all, shall want some." Much of the sickness of this world is caused by unwholesome cooking. We cannot expect good-tempered and highly-moral people from a race which eats badly-cooked food that is irri tating to the digestive system. And so right in line with the cooking les sons comes the care of one's health. We are shown the necessity of strict obedience to the laws of health, for the laws of health are the laws of God and are as binding as the deca logue It means so much that the girls, the future home makers of this land, should be trained along these various lines, for the prosperity of a nation depends on the health and mor als of its citizens, and the health and morals of a people depend on the food they eat and the homes in which they live. the to introduce Although Michigan has the oldest Agricultural College, it has not been this domestic the first science course, but it has come at last and it is surely welcome—welcome because it is going to broaden and in intellectual powers of crease It is going to make brighter women. homes. It is going to cast abroad an influence, an influence that will be felt for good, for as the girls leave this in stitution after finishing their course here, others will see their good work and be benefited by it. Then, too, this course is fitting the girls for their life's calling, the care of the home. Many homes will be made brighter and hap pier for the instruction received here. . . . T H E -— | Farm Department OFFERS FOR S A L E: Two very fine Duroc Jersey Sows, seven months old, eligible to registry; all right in color and form. Six Poland China Pigs, six months old, in excellent breeding condition, large and thrifty; pedigree the best. A pure bred Holstein- Friesian Bull Calf, born in September, 1896, out of College Rosa Bonhenr, a daughter of Rosa Bonhenr Fifth with a record of 106 lbs. of milk in a day. College Rosa gave 50 lbs. of milk a day for seven consecutive days in October, containing nearly twelve pounds butter. The sire of the calf was Maurice Clothide, for several years at the head of the Hol- stein herd at the College. This calf will develop into a bull fit any Holstein herd in the country. to head of ...Also... Show Birds of several of the leading s Breeds of Poultry Address, CLINTON D. SMITH, Superintendent of Farm, Agricultural College, Mich. NOVEMBER 17, 1896. T HE M. A. C. R E C O R D. T Wayside T r e es in t he C o u n t ry H i g h w a y. ALWAYS ON TOP T he following by C. W. Garfield, '70, in the Michigan Cyclist gives some valu able suggestions for artistic effect in country road building. If those who follow t he suggestions of Hon. G. D. Crippen, w ho h ad an article in t he issue of October 20 on "Roads," would also keep in mind this artistic effect, there would be fewer lonesome, dreary stretches of country road: "There is nothing gives a greater charm to a country highway, once having a good roadbed funished, t h an the wayside trees. The satisfaction of the cool shade on a w a rm day is b ut a small p a rt of t he enjoyment to be derived from the sylvan border. Still the creature comfort should not be neglected in the a r g u m e nt for planting trees along t he roadside. T he pleasur able sensation one absorbs when look ing adown the street bordered on either side by a row of stately trees, so well trained as not to have a break in the line, is one well worth a long ride or walk to obtain. But to one who h as an artist's ap preciation of scenic effects the keenest pleasure is derived from a n a t u r al arrangement of the trees t h at embel lish t he highways, hence t he attrac tiveness of t he country roads along which for a generation t he farmers have allowed t he various species of trees to grow up at will in the corners of t he rail fences. " N a t u re is no mean artist in t he a r r a n g e m e nt of trees in groups, if she is n ot meddled with too much; a nd Avhile many a farmer is called shift less because of t he unkept appear ance of his fence corners, and the men tors of t he agricultural press ring changes on the advice given to main tain clean, well kept borders to t he farm, we have t he men to t h a nk who neglect to profit by this counsel for a great deal of our wayside beauty. "To besure many of the succeeding generation, with the cleaning up spirit dominant, have scattered ruin in their w a ke by making a complete elision of w h at n a t u re had arranged as a m a t t er of ornamentation to the farm ^nd an attraction to woo t he pedestrian and please t he traveler. Yet in many places the natural groupings have been retained and t h us real value saved to the premises a nd pleasing character preserved to t he roadside. " We cannot emphasize too strongly the importance of studying the beauti ful effects produced by the naturalness in a r r a n g e m e nt of roadside planting. The regular distance planting h as so many trials to encounter to attain per fection in results, t h at it is almost im possible to attain approximately t he symmetry we seek. A single break destroys t he harmony a nd makes a blemish t h at cannot easily be hidden. "On t he other hand, in arranging plantations in groups a failure or an accident is n ot apparent, a nd can at any r a te be easily mended, because there is so great a variation of per fected results. "A single tree or a cluster of b u rr oaks, through some accident, may be destroyed a nd soon t he growing branches fill t he vacancy a nd really no loss is experienced. "There is a practice quite common and reprehensible in the extreme, which seeks to destroy this natural grouping of trees in clusters, by selecting indi viduals at as near regular distances as possible, a nd removing the remainder in imitation of t he artificial method of planting. This is unsatisfactory at least, because as a copy of t he regular S~ DAVIS & CO 104 Washington Ave. North 104 OUR WINTER GOODS ARE NOW IN—WE WILL BE PLEASED TO SHOW THEM TO YOU. OVERCOATS, ULSTERS, BICYCLE OVERCOATS PEA JACKETS AND VESTS, SINGLE AND DOUBLE BREASTED MELTON SUITS ALL UP TO DATE. Also Fuji Line of . . . Furnishings and Hats system, it is noticeable principally for its 'failures a nd trees selected from groups and divested of their supporting fellows, make a sorry appearance as individuals. "The sky outline of a group of road side trees is an important element of beauty. And a combination made up from one's knowledge of individuals is often disappointing, while another arrangement of species which one would not commend, n ot having seen it, proves very satisfactory. We have in mind a group consisting of a wild cherry a nd a sugar maple which stands at the foot of a hill and makes a very desirable combination of foliage and a wonderfully attractive sky out line. The American elm is generally commended for its beauty as an indi vidual; still we recall a group in t he corner of a field where t wo roads inter sect at right angles, in which a fine elm is the central figure and is supported by a cluster of burr oaks, t he whole making a very artistic group with fine outlines, both in summer and at t he season when no leaves adorn t he branches. "Winter effects in roadside trees are well worthy of consideration in o ur northern climate. One not thoughtful or observing can scarcely imagine how sur prisingly attractive t he framework of trees is when outlined upon t he sky, nor how great diversity in individuals and species can be secured by discreet selection, and not in a ny wise depreci ate t he summer beauty." Then a nd Now. In t he days of old, When knights were bold And chevaliers were gay, To kiss a miss Were counted bliss, As poets used to say. But now-a-day "Germs" are the craze, And science holds full sway. To kiss a miss Is dangerous bliss, Wise scientists do say.—Ex. Gome in and see us anyway IF YOU MAKE A **Mistake And get in the wrong place try Thompson 8c Van Buren for your next job of printing. IF YOU NEVER MADE A **Mistake s u re y o u ' re Be started r i g ht ( f or Thompson & V an Buren's) t h en go ahead. OTTAWA STREET EAST Phone 192 New Phone 76 J. G. REUTTER 322 Washington Ave. South F r e sh AND S a l* M e a ts FINE CHICAGO BEEF A SPECIALTY We are Headquarters for all Kinds of Home- Made Sausage. W. S. BAILEY 1 09 MICHIGAN A V E. W. 6L0THING D. A. SEEL.EY, College Agent. LEAOINC ....IN.... DEALER Fine Footwear e Q u o te T h r ee P o i n ts W Pitting Style Durability We Carry All G r a d e s. Repairing D o n e. FRED SHUBEL. M. A. C. S P E C I AL R A T ES ON P H O T OS AT SHARPSTEM'S STUDIO, Strictlu First-Glass Photography at L6 Clears. New Grand Hotel EVERYTHING NEW Special Rates to M. A. C. Boys R. RENNER, Proprietor t he dinner H e a rd at the phone in the Library building, during hour: "Hello, central, Abbot Hall, please. Hello, hello, is this you? Too bad you didn't get t h at gun. Yes, — —. H ow did you like the roses? right, goo'by." . Yes, all Asked a female lecturer impressive ly: " W h at a re the things t h at touch us most as we look back through t he years?" There w as a moment's awful pause, and then a small boy in the au dience answered: "Our clothes."—Texas Sittings. J E S S OP <& SON Have the neatest Box Calf Shoe in the country.. Practically water proof. In needle and new opera toe. Cleanest shoe on the market for $3.00. Winter Russets in all styles from $150 to $?.00. CASH SHOE STORE ^Hollister Block, Lapsing. 8 T HE M. A. C. R E C O R D. NOVEMBER 17, 1896. 0 JZ bfl c "O 0) s 5- o (0 o ^« 0 0 > 0 C o c o o 0 CO o o .5 'o 0 a CO 0 -a 0 c c 43 0) cy *•* 0 0 cfi o u 0) H ft Id 0 H p N CO a o. on . 0 U ' ? 5 0 s u 0 CO CD co rt s- O 0 •> CO H +- c