fffU %.  a  ©.  ^ReccrA 

VOLUME  2. 

LANSING,  MICHIGAN,  TUESDAY,  JANUARY  26,  1897. 

NUMBER  4. 

Institutes. 

H O W E L L. 

Much 

interest  was  shown  in  Mr. 
Shawver's  paper  on  building  and  using 
silos,  and  his  plans  for  construction 
were  examined  and  approved.  The 
discussion,  however,  drifted  into  ques 
tions  as  to  the  value  of  ensilage,  and 
much  time  was  wasted  on  points  set 
tled  beyond  all (reasonable  doubt  years 
ago. 

The  desirability  of  a  change  in  the 
road  system  brought  out  some  strong 
opinions,  mainly  unfavorable  to  any 
•change  of  plan,  but  advocating  more 
Inci 
careful  supervision  of  details. 
dentally,  some  disagreeable  personal 
ities  were  exchanged,  leaving  an  un 
pleasant 
the  re 
feeling  pervading 
mainder  of  the  session.  Mr.  Wells' 
paper  on  the  question  "How far  is the 
Credit  System  Beneficial 
the 
Farmer"  was  timely  and  suggestive, 
and  will  be  printed  in  full  in  the  REC 
ORD.  It  brought  out  an  animated  dis 
in  which  Robert  Gibbons, 
cussion, 
Hon.  Wm. Ball,  Secy.  Filkins  and  oth 
ers took  part. 

to 

The  business  meeting  was  a  stormy 
one,  owing  to  the  introduction  of  reso 
lutions, one of  which  declared the insti 
tute  fund  to  be  an  example  of  "class 
legislation"  and  oast  reflections  on  its 
management.  For  the  good  name  of 
Livingston  county  it  should  be  stated 
that  the  "kickers"  were  mainly  not 
members of  the Institute  Society,  some 
of 
the 
them  not  even  residents  of 
county,  and  when,  after  a  somewhat 
protracted and heated  debate,  the ques 
tion  was  finally  put,  the  resolutions 
were  rejected  by an  overwhelming ma 
jority. 

W.  B. B. 

F R E M O X T. 

At  Fremont,  Newaygo  county,  we 
found  the  largest  attendance  of  any 
place  on  the  trip.  At  no  session  were 
all  of  the  people  able  to  obtain  seats. 
Evidently  Prof.  Smith  and  the  others 
Avho  conducted  the  institute  at  this 
place  last  year  gave  good  satisfaction, 
for  the attendance  this  year  was  much 
greater  than  last;  in fact,  last  year  the 
first  session  was omitted  owing  to  the 
slim  attendance,  while  this  year  the 
house  was  crowded  from 
the  start. 
All  the topics  were  well  received,  but 
the  lecture  of  Mr. Morrill on  "Business 
Methods_in  Farming"  was  especially 
well  liked.  Fremont  is situated  in  the 
midst  of  an  excellent  farming  section 
and  the  "hard  times"  have  apaprently 
not  pressed  as  heavily  here  as  else 
where.  Among  the  evidences  of  pros 
perity  here  are  an  excellent  Grange 
and  a  successful  creamery.  Apples 
here are grown to perfection  and peach 
growing  is  also  becoming  an  impor 
tant  industry.  The people  here  intend 
to  make  an  effort  at  St.  Louis  to  se 
cure  the  next  annual  round  up  at  this, 
place. 

A. A. C. 

. 

A K M A D A. 
This  institute opened  with  an attend 
ance  of  about  100, which  was  doubled 
at  subsequent  sessions,  the  average 
being  upwards  of 175. 

The  usual  interest  was shown  in the 
papers presented  by the State speakers, 
but  the  discussions  on  almost  every 
subject  were  unusually  full  and  good, 
and  regret  was  expressed  repeatedly 
that  the  full  program  cut  them  short. 
Mr.  R.  J.  Crawford,  speaking  on 

"Apple  Culture,"  deprecated  the  prom 
inence  given  to  the  West  Michigan 
fruit  belt,  stating  that  there  was  an 
East  Michigan  fruit  belt  which  was at 
least  as  good  for  apples,  plums,  and 
some  other  fruits. 

Jas.  S.  Lawson  gave  a  practical  and 
strong  talk  on  drainage,  dealing  with 
the  surface  geology  of  the county,  the 
physical  conditions  actually  present, 
and  the  difficulties  to be  overcome. 

The  evening  session  was given  up to 
an  anniversary  meeting,  Armada  being 
the  first  town  to  apply  for  a  Farmers' 
Institute  twenty-one  years  ago. 

Hon.  C.  W.  Garfield,  who  was  pres 
ent  at  the  meeting  held  in  response  to 
this  request,  was  expected  to  give  an 
address  at  this  time,  but  being  unable 
to come, his place  was acceptably  filled 
by  Dr.  Wm.  J.  Beal  of  the  College, 
whose  address  will  be  printed  in  the 
RECORD.  Geo.  W.  Phillips,  chairman 
of  the  meeting  21 years  ago, was  kept 
away  by illness, but his son George and 
daughter  Minnie  were  present,  and 
gave  a  very  effective  cornet  and  piano 
duet.  Members  of  the  original  choir 
of  the  church,  and  under  the  same 
leader,  also  sang one of the same  songs 
sung  21 years  before. 

Remarks  were  made  by  several who 
attended  the  first  meeting,  and a  letter 
from  John  E.  Day,  full  of  interesting 
reminiscences,  was  read. 

C.  B.  Kidder  of  Almont  presented  a 
delightful  paper  comparing  the  condi 
tion  of  American  and  European  farm 
ers,  and  abounding  in  scenic  descrip 
tions  and  sharp  contrasts. 

Wednesday's  sessions  were  marked 
by  a  good  paper  on  making  sheep  hus 
bandry  profitable  under  present  condi 
tions,  a  paper  which  we  hope  to  print 
later. 

Mr.  John  L. Shawver  gave  two- most 
valuable  talks,  one on  the  farm  dairy 
and  the  other  on clovers,  manures  and 
fertilizers,  and  the  discussions  follow 
ing  were of a spirited  and helpful  kind. 
Prof.  Barrows  discussed  harmful  in 
sects  and  animal  parasites  of  various 
kinds,  and  was  closely  questioned  in 
regard 
these 
to  a  score  or  more  of 
enemies  of  the  farmer.  Some  little 
anxiety  was  expressed  about  the  San 
Jos6  scale,  which  had been  reported  as 
present  near  Pontiae, but no fear  seem 
ed  to  be  entertained  of  the  numerous 
other  scale  insects  which  are  already 
at  work  in  hosts on their  orchards  and 
shade  trees. 

H.  S.  Swell's  paper  on  "High  Tax 
ation  and  its  Causes"  brought  out  a 
most  vigorous  protest  from  Bert  C. 
Preston,  who Showed  the farmers  in a 
clear  and  conclusive  manner  how  im 
perfectly the writer  of the paper  under 
stood  the  situation,  and  how  easy  it 
was  to  lay the  blame  where  it  did not 
belong.  An  average  tax-bill  for  the 
past  year,  taken  from  the  assessor's 
books  in  Armada,  was  carefully  an 
alyzed  by  Mr.  Preston,  and  the  items, 
separately  considered,  yielded  food  for 
It  ap 
a  large  amount  of  reflection. 
peared  that  of  a  total  tax  of  about 
$5.50,  only  $1.20 was  State  tax,  while 
$1  of  the  remainder  was  tax  on  a 
single  dog.  This  taxpayer  unwillingly 
contributed  8  cents  toward  the  sup 
port  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  4 
cents  to  the  Soldiers  Home  at  Grand 
Rapids,  and  one-half  of  one  cent  for 
the  Agricultural  College. 

The  meeting  added  one  more  to  the 
already  long  list  of  successful  insti 

tutes  in  Macomb  county,  and  closed 
'with  enthusiasm  and  goodwill  all 
round. 

W.  B. B. 

C H E L S E A. 
The  Farmers'  State  Institute  held  at 
the 
Chelsea  under  the  auspices  of 
Washtenaw  County  Institute  Society, 
was  well  attended  and  a  great  deal oC 
interest  was manifested  by the  farmers 
and  citizens.  It  closed  leaving  a  good 
impression  on the  people,  it  being  evi 
dent  that  they  had  learned  something 
new  along  the  lines  of  farming. 

R.  M.  Kellogg  of  Three  Rivers  was 
conductor  of  the  institute.  The  intel 
ligent  manner  in  which  he treated  the, 
various  subjects  that  came  up  was ap 
preciated.  The  woman's  section  held 
a  meeting at the Chelsea  Congregation 
al  church  under  Mrs. Mary  A. Mayo. 

MT. 

P L E A S A N T. 
"A  regular  jam"  all  the  time  and 
many  turned  away  from  the  last  ses 
sion,  is  the  record  of  attendance  at 
Mt.  Pleasant.  Prof.  Charles  McKen-
ney..  '81. principal  of  the  Mt.  Pleasant 
Normal  school,  took  an  active  part  in 
the  institute.  Mt. Pleasant  people and 
the  farmers  of  Isabella  county  are 
proud  of  their  farmers'  institute  and 
the  Normal  school.  Some  of  the  best 
farming  land  in  the  State-lies  in  this 
county,  and the farmers  are among the 
most  intelligent  and  progressive. 

CUESANLNG. 
(Treat  interest  was  shown  in  the  in 
stitute  for  Saginaw  county,  held  ar 
Chesaning.  Dr.  Eldred,  in his  welcom 
ing  address,  said  he  considered  it  the 
most  important  meeting  ever  held  in 
Chesaning. 

An  Hour  in  "Yet." 

What  a  place!  Here  is  the  skeleton 
of  a  headless  horse, and  near  it  stands 
the  well-picked  framework  of  a  cow. 
Across  the  room  stands  the  osseous re 
mains  of  a  hog  and  a  ram,  staring  at 
each  other 
through  empty  sockets. 
Bones,  bones,  everywhere!  The  room 
is  "alive  with  bones!"  A  large  table 
is  strewn  with  skulls  of  various  sorts 
and  sizes,  with  horns  and  hoofs,  jaw 
bones  with  great  grinning 
teeth, 
straight  bones  and  crooked  bones,  dis 
eased  bones  and fractured  bones.  Near 
by  stands  the  complete  model  of  a 
horse,  a  "horsl-kin"  it  migiit  be  called, 
and  scattered  around  are  models  of 
various  parts  of  animal  anatomy.  A 
lecture is about  to begin,  so I  go to the 
back  part  of  the  room,  take  off  my 
coat  and  drop  it  on  a  pile  of  rattling 
bones  and  models  and  sit  down  with 
the  special-course  students 
live 
stock  and  dairy  husbandry. 

in 

Dr.  Grange,  the  veterinarian,  has 
been  lecturing  to  them  on  diseases  of 
the  milk  gland,  and  has  already  told 
them  about  mammitis,  or  what  is  com 
monly  known  as  "caked  bag."  This 
morning  he  begins  with  agolactea,  a 
condition  of  the  milk  gland  by  which 
it  does  not  secrete  milk.  This  most 
often  occurs after  the  first  calf  is  born. 
In  some  cases  it  is  only  an  extended 
case of  mammitis,  in  others  it is the re 
sult  of  debility.  When  this  eonditon 
arises  from  the  latter  cause  the  udder 
is  soft  and  flabby  and  there is  no milk, 
except,  perhaps,  a  few  drops  of  thin, 
watery  stuff. 

remedy; in  spring,  grass;  in  winter,  the 
best  of  hay,  a  little  ground  oats,  some 
bran  and  some  corn. 
In  addition,  it 
may  be  necessary  to  give  a  vegetable 
tonic,  among  the  best  of  which  are 
fenugree  and  anise  seed—a  teaspoonful 
of  either  three  times  a  day for  a  week 
or  ten  days.  In  case it is  a  large cow, 
give  more. 

(compound 

"Injuries  to  the  udder"  is  the  next 
subject,  and  first  under  this  the  doctor 
tells  us about  chapped  teats.  This con 
dition  is  the  result  of  careless  milking 
or  of  the presence  of  too  much  moist 
ure,  and  may  become  very 
trouble 
some.  The  injury  is  aggravated  by 
the  presence  of  germs  found  in  cow 
stables.  The  first  thing  to  be  done  in 
treatment  is  to  keep  the  teat  c l e a n-
gently  wash  it  with  warm  waiter  and 
some  antiseptic  solution.  One  part  of 
corrosive  sublimate  to  1,000  parts  of 
water  is  good.  By  way  of  change,  a 
mixture  of  equal  parts  of  Friar's 
balsam 
tincture  of  ben-
zoine) and oil of tar  may be used.  This 
should  be applied  once  a day for  a  few 
days  with  a  swab  or camel's-hair  brush 
in  such  a  way as to fill the cracks  clear 
to  the  bottom.  The  secret  of  success 
is  to get at  the root  of  the  disease,  else 
the  germs  will  go on  doing  their  work. 
When  to  use  and  how  to  make  a 
milking  tube;  how to remove the  mem 
brane  that  sometimes  grows  across 
the  milk  cistern;  how  to  remove  ob 
structions  in  the  teats,  with  or  with 
out  an  operation,  and  what  to  do  in 
case  an  operation  is  necessary,  were 
subjects  treated  in  this  lecture.  An 
excellent  diagram  of  one-quarter  of the 
udder  and  one  teat  hung  before  the 
class  and  was  frequently  referred  to 
by  Dr.  Grange. 

Taking  up  the  subject  of  wounds. 
Dr.  G r a n g e d ^ n^  mechanical  and 
constirutionBI  BWKRIS, 
ruts,  bruises 
and  punctures;  described  the  processes 
of  healing—by  first  intention,  by  gran 
ulation,  and from  the bottom,—and  pre 
scribed  treatment,  both  local  and  con 
stitutional.  All  through  the  lecture 
questions  were  freely  asked  and  as 
freely  answered. 

This  can  hardly  be  taken  as  a  fair 
sample  of  what  the  regular  students 
in  the agricultural  course  get  in'veter 
inary  science; 
their  course  is  both 
broader  and  deeper,  and  they  spend  a 
whole  year  on  the  subject—185  lec 
tures,  besides  laboratory  work  in  dis 
section  and  bacteriology.  They  study 
the  anatomy  of  domestic  animals  in 
the  dissecting  room  and  by  means  of 
models  and  diagrams;  are  given  a 
course  of 
the  nature, 
lectures  on 
causes,  symptoms,  treatment  and  pre 
vention  of  diseases,  and  upon  the  ac 
tion,  uses  and  abuses,  and  doses  of 
medicines  used  in  veterinary  practice; 
and  learn  practical  surgery  by  having 
operations  performed  before  them. 

D.  J.  C. 

A  Correction. 

There  are a few typographical  errors 
in the articles  on  printing, the most im 
portant  of  which  makes  me  say  that 
the  Public Ledger of  Philadelphia  over-
. came  the  difficulty  of  holding  type  to 
revolving  cylinders. 
improve 
ments,  by  which  this  difficulty  was 
overcome,  should  be credited  to R. Hoe 
&  Co. 

W.  S.  LEONARD. 

The 

The  mercury  went  17*4 °  below  zero 

In  most  cases  proper  food  is the  best 

Sunday  night. 

2 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  E E C O E D. 

JANUARY  26, 

1897. 

At  the  College. 

B. A. Calkins'  father  has  been  spoil cl 

ing  a  -week  with  him. 

Prof.  Weil  has  gone  to  Detroit  on 

business  for  the  College. 

M.  W.  Fulton  has  returned  from  an 

extensive  institute  trip. 

The  experimental  room  of  the  phys 

ical  laboratory  is  being  painted. 

Mr.  Theodore  has  several  special 
students  to  instruct  in  the  blacksmith's 
art. 

Miss  Luella  Driggs  is  assisting  heir 
sister in  the 'Secretary's office  for  a  few 
days. 

H.  Platts  of  Armada  was  the  guest 
of  C.  H.  Adams,  '99,  several  days  last 
week. 

Mr.  Ewen  McLellan  of  Lapeer  was  a 
last 

the  College  one  day 

visitor  at 
week. 

E.  S.  Good  and  P.  M.  Lyman  were 
the  "stacking 

latest  victims  of 

the 
fiend." 

We  have  present  with  us  a  nephew 
of  the  celebrated  John  Brown  of  south 
ern  fame. 

Deputy  Auditor  G eineral  Wilkinson 
spent  a  few  hours  on  the  campus 
Wednesday  last. 

The  senior  mechanicals  visited  the 
School  for  the  Blind  Friday  for  the 
purpose  of  testing  their  engine. 

During  the  past  week  the  horticul 
tural  laboratory  has  been  rewired  and 
is  now  lighted  with  electric  lights. 

Mrs.  I.  H.  Butterfieid,  who  has  been 
spending  the past  week  with  her  sister 
at  Milford,  returned  home  Saturday. 

Mr.  J.  S.  Conway  of  the  agricultural 
department  made  a  business  trip  to 
Owosso and  Bennington  last  Thursday. 
The  mechanical  department  has  had 
a  system  of  call  bells  installed.  Each 
department  is  connected  with  the  of 
fice. 

Mr. F. B. Johnson, steward  and  book 
keeper  of  the  Home  for  Feeble  Minded 
at  Lapeer,  was  a  visitor  last  Wednes 
day. 

Lost—By  A.  S. d 

B ra i1  Eclectic 
Society  pin.  Finder  will  please  return 
to  room  22,  Williams  Hall  and  receive 
reward. 

Mr.  Gaguier  wishes  the  faculty  and 
students  to  pronounce  his  name  cor 
rectly. 
It  is  pronounced  as  if  spelled 
Gong-yer. 

Prof.  Wood worth  is  lecturing  to  the 
special-course  students  every  after 
noon  at  4  o'clock  on  the  wafer  in  the 
air  and  soil. 

Chas.  D.  Sage,  of  North  Brookfield, 
that 
Mass.,  a  well-to-do  farmer  of 
place,  was  the  guest  of  Prof.  Taft  one 
day  last  week. 

Mr.  G.  F.  Bristol,  an  engineer  on  the 
C. & W.  M. railway,  visited  at  the  Col 
lege  while  attending  the  annual  meet 
ing  of  the  Engineering  Society. 

A  special  heat  was  taken  off  at  the 
foundry  Saturday.  Castings  were 
made  for  the  new  crematory,  which  is 
to  be  placed  in  the  veterinary  labor-
atorj*. 

The  King's  Daughters  will  hold  a 
prayer  meeting  during  the  half  hour 
preceding  the  (regular  services  (2  to 
2:35 p.  m.)  next  Thursday  at  the  home 
of  Mrs.  Beal. 

Three  new  books  have  been  added 
to  the  mechanical  department  library, 
viz: 
Metealf;  "Gas  Analysis,"  Gill;  '•Me 
chanisms,"  Robinson. 

'"Steel  and  AYorking  of  Steel,"  ' 

Jaii.  16,  and  the  condensed  milk  fac 
tory  in  Lansing  last  Thursday  after 
noon. 

Prof.  Crozier  became  so  much  inter 
ested  in  the  Institute  at  Mt.  Pleasant 
that  he  forgot  his  bunch  of  keys  and 
umbrella  when  he left,  and  was  obliged 
to  have  them  expressed  to  him  here  at 
the  College. 

The  farm  department  has  just  con 
cluded  an  experiment  in  the  feeding 
of  sorghum  silage  to  milch  cows.  The 
results  indicate  that  sorghum  is  not  as 
good  a  silage  crop  as  corn  because  of 
the  woody  stems. 

The House committee on the  Agricul 
tural  College,  consisting  of  Messrs. 
Graham,  Fuller,  Campbell,  Babcock 
the  College 
and  Oberdorffer,  visited 
Thursday  afternoon  and  inspected  the 
various  departments. 

The  Botanical  Club  has  reorganized 
under  a  new  constitution.  It  will  meet 
every  Monday  evening  at  0:30  in  the 
botanical  laboratory.  Any  one  inter 
ested  in  advanced  botany  is  Invited  to 
investigate  and  be  present. 

A.  S.  Eldridge,  '99m,  spent  Saturday 
and  Sunday,  Jan.  16  and  17',  in  Flint 
witli his parents, who left  the  following 
day  for  Coos  Bay,  Oregon.  Mr.  Eld 
ridge  is  in  charge  of  the  government 
improvement  works  at  Coos  Bay. 

Our  noted  cow,  Belle  Sarcastic,  has 
in  10  months  and  11 days  given  20,830 
pounds  of  milk  and  647 pounds  of  fat, 
which  is  equivalent  to  over  750  pounds 
of  butter.  This  is  more  butter  than 
she  gave  during  the  whole  of  last  year. 
Some  of  the  students  are  wondering 
why  it  would  not  be  a  good  plain  to 
have  an  ice  park,  where  skating  could 
be  enjoyed.  Skating  is a  good  exercise 
and  there  are  several  places  where  a 
good  park  icould  be  constructed  at  a 
small  expense. 

The  Y.  W.  C.  A.  extends  an  urgent 
invitation  to  the  King's  Daughters  and 
all  other  ladies  on  the  campus  to  meet 
with  them  this  evening  (Tuesday)  at 
7:15  for  a  special  service  in  prepara 
tion  for  the  day  of  prayer  for  colleges, 
which  will  be  observed  on  Thursday. 
Several  of  the  faculty  and  students 
heard  the  lecture  at  the  Baptist  church 
last  Thursday  evening  on  "Making  the 
WwW  Better,"  by  W.  N.  Ferns  of  Big 
Rapids.  Mr.  Ferris  was  a  guest  of  Mr. 
and  Mi's. F.  C. Kenney  Thursday  night. 
Mr.  Kenney  is  a  graduate  of  the  Big 
Kaplds  industrial  school. 

On  his  recent  institute  trip,  Presi 
dent  Snyder  went  out  with  the boys  at 
Morley  for  half  a  day's  hunting.  He 
bagged  one  rabbit,  the  only  game  se 
cured? by  the  entire  party  of  seven. 
It 
is  said  that  the  President  had  its  left 
hind  foot  carefully  preserved  and  pro 
poses  to  take  no  chances  on  his  luck 
hereafter. 

The  persistence  of  the  special-course 
students  is  not  better  shown  that  by 
the special  horticultural  student  who  is 
studying as  much  of  the  day and  night 
as  he  can  keep  awake.  At  present  he 
is  borrowing  books  and  studying  the 
different  chemical  and  physiological 
changes  that 
the 
plant  cells. 

take  place  within 

The  Michigan  Engineering  Society, 
at  their  session  on  Thursday  evening, 
passed  a  resolution  indorsing  the  work 
done  in  the  technical  schools  of  the 
State, and  recommended  that  theyoung 
men  who  desired  to  follow  any  of 
the  engineering  professions  should  at 
tend  one  of  our  State  institutions—the 
Agricultural  College,  the  University,  or 
the  Mining  School. 

The  special-course  students  in  live 
stock  and  dairy  husbandry  visited  the 
Turner  stock farm  Saturday  afternoon, 

Prof.  Taft  will  attend  a  conference 
of  representatives  from  different  states 
which  meets  in  Chicago  Jan.  29  to  dis 

cuss  matters  regarding  the  extermina 
tion  of  the  San  Jos6  scale  and  other 
insects  and  diseases  injurious  to  fruits 
Hon.  R  .D.  Graham,  chairman  of  the 
house  committee  on  the  College,  will 
also  attend  this  meeting,  as  he  con 
templates  framing  a  bill  regarding  it. 
Why  cannot  we  have  ashes,  salt  or 
sand  put  on  the  steps  leading  from  the 
various  buildings?  Last  Friday  night 
as  G.  P.  Wing  was  coming  from  Col 
lege  Hall  he  slipped  on  the  icy  steps 
and  fell  on  the  stone  walk  below.  Mr. 
Wing 
five 
minutes,  and  when  he  recovered  had 
to  be  carried  to  his  room.  This  is  the 
second  accident  resulting 
icy 
steps,  and  surely  there  should  not  be 
another. 

lay  senseless 

for  about 

from 

The  next  regular  meeting  of 

the 
Natural  History  Society  will  be  .held 
Feb. 2 in the chapel.  The program  will 
consist  of  a  debate  between  this  so 
ciety  and  the  Lansing  Science  Club. 
The  question  for  debate  will  be  "Re 
solved,  That  Darwin  did  more  than 
Agassiz  for  the  promotion  of  natural 
science."  The  Lansing  Science  Club 
lias  the  affirmative  and  the  Natural 
History  Society  has  the  negative.  The 
judges  have  not  been  selected  as  yet. 

The  cost  of 

There  is  a  movement  on  foot 
to 
change  the  military  uniform  of  our 
cadets,  as  was  recently  suggested  by 
Lieut.  Bandholtz. 
the 
change  is not  to  exceed  $2.  Instead  of 
•the  nameless  collar  we  have  now,  a 
standing  military  collar  is  suggested; 
the  cold  array  of  brass  buttons  will  be 
replaced  by  a  braided 
fly-front.  The 
cadets  are  pleased  with  the  idea  of  a 
change,  and  we  doubt  not  that  the  ap-
pearance  of 
the  uniform  would  be 
greatly  improved. 

Special  course  students  have  been  of 
late  treated  to  several  lectures  by  em 
inently  successful 
farmers.  To  the 
Live-stock  husbandry  boys  F.  Hart 
Smith,  of  Somerset,  spoke  on  "Cattle 
Feeding,"  and  H.  B.  Cannon,  '88,  of 
Washington,  Mich.,  on  "Poultry  on  the 
farm." 
Saturday  R.  M.  Kellogg,  of 
Three  Rivers,  spoke  to  the  "Fruit  cul-
turists"  on  "Small  Fruits,"  and  yester 
day  morning  J.  L.  Shawver,  of  Belle-
fontaine,  O., spoke  to both  "Live  stock" 
and  "Dairy"  students  on  "Barn  Plans." 

Lansing1  U.  and  I.  Club. 

T H EY  E X P E K L M E X T ED  W I TH  X  B A YS  AT 

T HE  C O L L E G E. 

About  forty  members  of  the  U and  I 
Club  met  at  the  physical  laboratory 
one  evening  last  week.  The  Roentgen 
ray  apparatus  had  been  arranged  to 
give  an  exhibition.  Four  different  pat 
terns  of  Cookes'  tubes  were  shown. 
The  value  of  the  vacuum  was  demon 
strated  by  the  use  of  a  special  tube 
in  which 
the  degree  of  exhaustion 
could  be  varied  while  the  tube  was  in 
operation.  With  the  regular  American 
pattern  tube  an  exposure  was  made  of 
a  photographic  dry  plate  while  the 
Rev.  C. F.  Swift  held his  'hand  between 
the  tube  and  the  plate  so  that 
the 
shadow  of  his  hand  fell  on  the  plate. 
A  fairly  good  negative  was  obtained, 
which  was  exhibited  a  few  minutes 
later. 

Then  a  piece  of  cardboard  eight  by 
ten  inches,  with  one  side  covered  with 
tuiigstate  of  calcium,  was  held  be 
tween  the  tube  and  the  audience.  The 
tuiigstate  of  calcium  screen  began  to 
glow,  appearing  itself  to  become  the 
source of  light.  Prof.  Woodwortii  then 
placed  his  hand  between  the  tube  and 
the  card  so that  a  shadow  of  the  hand 
showing  each  bone  in  detail  was  vis 
ible to every  one in  the  darkened  room. 
Next  a  sheet  of  aluminum  one-six 
teenth  of  an  inch  thick  was  placed  be 

the  Crookes' 

tween  the  hand and  the  screen, and  the 
outline's  were  still  visible.  Repeating 
the  experiment  with  a  sheet  of  lead  of 
the  same  thickness,  the  light  was  com 
pletely  shut  off.  By the  same  methods 
coins  in  pocketbooks  and  metals  in 
books  of  500  pages  were  made  visible 
to  every  one.  A  one-inch  thick  wood 
the 
blackboard  was  placed  between 
tube. 
audience  and 
Through  the  blackboard  the  bones  of 
the  wrist  and  forearm  were  plainly 
seen.  The  blackboard  was  replaced 
by  a  piece  of  plate-glass,  which  al 
most  entirely shut  off all  effects.  Later 
individuals  examined  their  own  hands 
and  heads,  using  the  tungstate  of  cal 
cium 
entertainment 
ended  with  an  examination  of  a  com 
plete  set  of  bones  firmly  encased  in  a 
neat-fitting  shoe  owned  by  Mrs.  Geo. 
J.  Jenks  of  Sand  Beach. 

screens. 

The 

A  Hydrographie  Survey  of  the  Har 
bor  at  Yaquina  Bay,  Oregon. 

(Read  before  the  Eclectic  Society  by 

A.  S.  ELDRIDGE, 

'99.) 

Yaquina  bay  is 

located  about  150 
miles  south  of  the  Columbia  river,  and 
is  directly  connected  with  the  ocean. 
The  bay  is  about  twelve  miles  long  by 
two  miles  wide,  bordered  on  the  north 
by  high  mountains  and  on  the  south 
by  white  sand  hills.  The  main  chan 
nel  of  the  bay  is  wide  and  deep,  and 
ships  entering  the  harbor  go  to  the 
upper  part  of  tiie  bay  to  load. 

Since  1878  the  government  has  been 
thousands  of  dollars  an 
expending 
nually  for 
this 
the  improvement  of 
harbor.  Up  to  July,  1895,  over  $700,-
000  had  been  expended.  At  this  time, 
the  United  States  engineer  in  charge 
of  harbor  improvements  on  the  Pacific 
coast  made  a  report  on  the  condition 
of  the  harbor,  and  in  the  report  stated 
that  in  his  estimation  the  harbor  and 
surrounding  country  would  not  justify 
further 
improvement.  A  committee 
of  five  army  engineers  were  appointed 
to  look  into  the  matter  of  further  im 
provement  and  report.  This  commit 
tee  made  an  examination  and  reported 
in  favor  of  further  improvement.  The 
chief  of  engineers  then  ordered 
the 
United  States  engineer  in  charge  to 
make  a  complete  hydrographic  survey 
of  the  harbor,  that  is, to  find  the  depth 
of  water  in  the  bay  and  in  the  ocean 
about  the  entrance,  to  locate  all  reefs 
of  rock,  to  find  the  amount  of  sand, 
if  any,  on  the  rocky  bottom,  and  to  de 
termine  the  direction  of  currents  at 
different  stages  of  the  tide. 

The  assistant  engineer,  under  whom 
1  was  working, received  orders on  June 
1,  1895,  to  commence  the  survey  at 
once. 

Our  first  work  was  to  repair  the  old 
beacons  erected  for  previous  surveys, 
build  new  ones  where  they  were  need 
ed  and  get  them  properly  located  on 
our  maps.  This  work  took  about  two 
weeks,  there  being  14  beacons  to  re 
pair  and  build  on  the  ocean  beach  and 
about  the  same  number  on  the  bay 
beach. 
The  beacons  were  built  of 
plank  in  the  shape  of  pyramids,  about 
20  feet  high,  after  which  they  were 
painted  white  so  as  to-be  easily  dis 
the  objects  about 
tinguished 
them. 

from 

As  soon  as  the  beacons  were  proper 
ly  located,  the  work  of  surveying  the 
bay  commenced.  This  was  done  with 
a  large  s\irf  boat,  from  which  sound 
ings  were  taken,  and  with  two  trans 
its  on  shore.  The  transits  were  sta 
tioned  at  different  points  on  the  beach 
and  the 
l>oat  was  pulled  back  and 
forth  across  the  bay.  A  flagman  was 
stationed  in  the  bow  of  the  boat  and 

JANUARY  26,  189?. 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  K E C O R D. 

3 

every  minute  a nd a  half  he. would  w a ve 
his  flag,  a nd  the  t wo  transit  observers 
would  take  an  angle  on  t he  boat  at 
that  time.  The  leadsman  would  t a ke 
three  soundings  between  the  observa 
tions.  By  this  method  t he  survey  of 
the  b ay  w as  quickly  a nd  accurately 
completed. 

While  this  w as  going  on  the  United 
States  engineer  in  charge  h ad  ordered 
one  of  the  government  survey  boats 
to  Yaquina  b ay  to  aid  in  t he  ocean 
survey.  She  w as  a  fine  boat,  about  SO 
feet  long,  d r ew  8  feet  of  water,  w as 
latest  machinery, 
equipped  with  fee 
and  h jd  a  speed  of  10  knots  per  hour. 
There  was  a  d r a u g h t i ng 
room  a nd 
cabin  on  deck  aft,  a nd  a  pilot  house 
forward.  The  men  required  to  m a ke 
the  survey  on  the  ocean  consisted  of 
two  sextant  observers,  a  d r a u g h t s m a n, 
a  recorder,  two leadsmen,  and t he  crew 
to  r un  the  boat. 

AYe  started  to  survey  on  the  ocean 
J u ne  15.  Our  first  lines  were  ran  di 
rectly  west  out  of  the  b ay  a nd  across 
the  bar,  a  distance  of  t h r ee  miles. 
In 
running  lines  t he  t wo  observers  stand 
on  top  of  the  cabin,  the  leadsmen  a re 
stationed  one  on  each  side  of  the  boat, 
a  little  forward  of  midships,  in  a  cage 
built  out  on  the  side  of  t he  boat,  the 
recorder  stands  on  deck  where  he  can 
be  heard  by  all.  F i ve  seconds  before 
the 
time  for  the  observation  the  re 
corder  gives  t he  signal  to  g-et  ready, 
the  observers  get  their  two  beacons  in 
line, 
then  w*hen  t he  word  heave  is 
given  one  of  the  leadsmen  heaves  Ids 
lead,  the  observers  read 
their  angles 
and  the  recorder  puts  t h em  down  with 
t he  time  a nd  sounding,  t he  draughts-
mail  plats  the  angles  a nd  instructs  t he 
captain  of  the  b o at  w h at  direction  to 
take.  We  continued  this  work  every 
day,  including  Sunday,  w'hen  the  ocean 
was  not  too  rough.  After  completing 
the  lines  east  a nd  west,  we  commenced 
to  ran  lines  north  a nd  south.  At  this 
time  a  little  incident  happened  which 
might  be  of  interest. 

ladies, 

t he  young 

T he  young  people  of  the  bay,  espe 
cially 
frequently 
came  down  to  the  dock  when  we  were 
going  outside  to  work  a nd  expressed 
their  desire  to  go.  They  did  it  so  often 
t h at  the  assistant  engineer  finally 
told 
rhem  t h at  if  it  were  a  good  d ay  t he 
It  hap 
next  Sunday  t h ey  might  go. 
pened  to  be  a  lovely  day  overhead  but 
w as  quite  rough  on  t he  ocean.  B ut 
they  all  w a n t ed  to  go,  so  at  9  a.  m. 
eight  young  ladies  came  d o wn  to  the 
boat,  bringing  several  novels  a nd  a 
large  basket  of  lunch,  prepared  to  en 
joy  t he  d a y 's  trip.  W h en  we  started 
out  all  were  feeling 
in  the  best  of 
spirits.  They  were  sitting  o ut  on  deck 
talking, 
laughing  a nd  generally  en 
joying  themselves.  As  we  approached 
the  b ar  t he  seas  seemed  to  increase  in 
size,  a nd  j u st  as  we  reached  the  b ar  a 
terrible  sea  broke  over  t he  boat  a nd 
drenched  all  t he  young  ladies.  T he 
watey  w as b e t w e en  t h r ee  a nd  four  feet 
deep  on  deck.  One  young 
lady  w as 
carried  half 
t he  length  of  t he  boat 
and  nearly  t h r o wn  overboard. 

As  soon  as  we got outside  we  started 
north,  running  obliquely  to  t he  seas. 
The  girls,  one  by  one, decided  they  did 
not  care  to  read  a nd  laid  their  novels 
aside;  some  sought  t he  couches  in  the 
cabin;  others  went  below  to  enjoy  t he 
comforts  of  a  soft  b e r t h;  a nd  still  oth 
ers,  who did not care  for  such  luxuries, 
s at  d o wn  on the deck  n e ar  the rail,  a nd 
—you  k n ow  t he  rest.  We  stayed  o ut 
about  an  hour  a nd  t h en  w e nt  in.  T he 
books  were  sadly  neglected  a nd  the 
elegant  lunch  prepared  w as  n ot  touch 
ed. 
to  go 
T he  girls  never  w a n t ed 
again. 

After  completing  the  work  of  sound 

ing,  Avhich  took  us  nearly  two  months, 
during  which  time  we  took  over  8,000 
observations  a nd  24,000  soundings,  we 
commenced  the  work  of  boring  on  the 
bar,  to  ascertain  h aw  much  sand  w as 
on  t he  rock.  This  w as  carried  on  by 
p u m p i ng  a  pipe  down  to  t he  rock  a nd 
then  sounding  the  depth  of  w a t er  to 
t he  sand.  T he difference  would  be  the 
a m o u nt  of  sand  on  t he  rock. 

One  morning,  when 

the  tide  w as 
very  low,  we  went  oust  at  5  o'clock. 
We  were  r u n n i ng  along  at  a  good  rate, 
a  little  out  of  the  channel,  b ut  think 
ing  there  w as nothing  to  hinder,  as  we 
had  25  feet  of  w a t e r.  All  at  once  we 
ran  on  an  immense  rock  a nd  t he  boat 
rolled  over  on  h er  b e a m 's  end. 

touched 

t he  m a s ts 

she  rolled  off 

I  w as  sure  she  w as  going  completely 
over,  b ut  t he  next  s ea  rolled  her  back 
and  s he  went  over  on  the  other  side 
until 
t he  water. 
E v e ry  m an  w as  frightened  nearly  out 
of  his wits,  as t he  life  boat  w as on  t h at 
side  a nd  u n d er  water,  a nd  if  she  went 
down 
there  w as  no  possible  w ay  to 
escape.  We  were  about  o ne  mile  from 
shore  a nd  t he  tide  going  out.  B ut 
finally 
the  rock  a nd 
righted  up,  to  the  joy  of  every  one  on 
board.  We found  our  machinery  would 
not  work  a nd  t h at  we  were  fast  drift 
ing  on  t he  sand  beach.  We  let  go an 
chor,  b ut  t he  s a nd  would  not  hold  t he 
anchor.  We  finally  discovered  t h at  we 
could  back  our  engine  a  little,  and  in 
this  w ay  we  got  back  in  t he  channel, 
where  Ave  could  anchor.  We 
then 
waited  for  the  tide  to  turn,  a nd  as  the 
wind  came  in  with  the  tide,  we  hoisted 
sail  a nd  went  in. 

It  w as  found  t h at  at  low  tide  there 
was  only  four  feet  of  w a t er  on  t he 
four 
It  w as  a  pinnacle  about 
rock. 
feet  across  at  t he top by 40 at t he base. 
A  buoy  w as  at  once  placed  near  the 
rock,  a nd  our  discovery  will  no  doubt 
s a ve  m a ny  of  the  ships  t h at  enter  this 
this 
harbor  from  being  wrecked  on 
rook. 

The  current  observations  were  made 
with  floats,  which  were  made  of  pine 
rods  about  t wo inches  in  d i a m e t e r a nd 
from  10  to  30  feet  long.  On  one  end 
of  each  rod  w as  placed  a  tin  signal, 
so  painted  as  to  indicate  the  depth  of 
the  other  end  of  the  rod,  which  w as 
weighted  sk>  as  to  bring  t he  signal 
down  to  within  about  four  feet  of  the 
surface  of  t he  water. 
floats 
Avere  placed  in  t he  bay  a nd  out  in  t he 
ocean,  at  different  places  a nd  at  dif 
ferent  stages  of  the  tide.  The  boat 
them  around  a nd 
would  then  follow 
t a ke  observations  on  them  about  every 
half  hour. 
In  t h is  w ay  Ave  could  get 
t he  p a th  of  t he  float  a nd  determine 
the  direction  of  the  current. 

These 

Our  work  w as  completed  by  spend 
ing  about  t wo  weeks  in  finishing  our 
maps  a nd  copying  our  notes,  which 
Avere  sent  to the United  States  engineer 
at  Portland,  Oregon. 

Relics  of  Indian  Belief. 

A.  J.  W E E K S, 

'99,  OP  THE  COLUMBIAN 

L I T E R A RY  SOCIETY. 

friends,  I  visited 

One  bright  'September  day,  with  a 
company  of 
t h at 
beautiful,  historic  island  of  which  our 
state  is  so  justly  proud.-  M a ny  others 
have  done  t he  same,  and  h a ve  told  in 
glowing  t e r ms  of  the  matchless,  wild 
b e a u ty  of  Mackinac. 

B ut  t he  old  traditions  a nd  legends, 
handed  d o wn  through  generations  of 
Indians  a nd  whites,  a re  today  related 
to  eager  listeners.  T h us  we  heard  of 
them. 

On  reaching  t he  island  o ur  company 
parted,  some  going  around  it  on  board 
t he  Algomah,  others  preferring  a  drive 
about  the place.  We obtained  a  driver, 

a  native  of  the  toAvn,  Avho,  as  he  took 
us  through  one  of  N a t u r e 's  museums, 
told  us  a  legend. 
I  Avill  relate  it  as  1 
r e m e m b er  it. 

An  old  Indian  in  the  north  h ad  ten 
daughters  of  exquisite  beauty,  espe 
cially  t he  youngest,  OAvenee,  w ho loved 
romantic  plaices  a nd  cared  not  for  the 
m a ny  suitors  w ho  flocked  to  her  fath 
er's  lodge.  H er  sisters  Avere  given  to 
young  warriors,  while  she  chose  an old 
man,  Avhom  Ave  Avill  call  Osseo.  Hea* 
sisters  jeered,  b ut  she  remained  con 
stant. 

Being  invited  to a  feast,  as they  Avent 
along  t he  others,  pitying  OAA^enee  be 
cause  of  her  old  husband,  noticed  t h at 
often  he  stopped  short  in  the  w ay  and 
gazed  u p w a r d,  saying,  " P i ty  m e,  my 
Suddenly  he  plunged  into  a 
father." 
large  hollow 
log  a nd  reappeared  a 
handsome  young  w a r r i o r;  b ut  his  wife 
Avas  old, b e nt  a nd  feeble.  He  tenderly 
cared  for  her, a nd  a l w a ys  spoke  of  her 
as  "sweetheart." 

they  s at  at  the 

feast,  Osseo 
As 
to  hear  a  A'oice  AVhich  The 
seemed 
It  w as 
others  t h o u g ht  distant  music. 
It  told 
the  voice  of  the  G r e at  Spirit. 
him  of 
t he  sorrows,  dangers,  a nd 
trouble  of  earth,  of  t he  enemies  of 
man  there,  ever  calling  on  the  P o w er 
of  Evil;  that  though  lie  h ad  long  been 
"Rise, 
their  victim,  he  w as  now  free. 
nry  son,"  said  the  A'oice,  "to  t he  skies 
Avbere  is  the  feast  prepared  for  you 
and  those  you  love."  The  spirit  then 
told  him  of  t he  happiness  of  t he  neAv 
life,  AA'here  all  should  be  beautiful  as 
the  starlight,  and  free  from  care  and 
labor. 
"Come,  Osseo,  my  son,  dwell 
no  longer  up  on  t he  earth.  D o u bt  not. 
it  is  the  A'oiee  of 
t he  Spirit  of  the 
Stars." 

changed. 

T he  dishes 

Even  as  the last  AA-ords  were  uttered, 
the  lodge  shook  and  arose,  everything 
Avithin  except  t he  youngest  sister  be 
ing 
became 
golden,  the  tent  poles  silver,  a nd  the 
nine  sisters  birds  of  beautiful  plumage. 
Then  t he  lodge  shook  again,  a nd  t h ey 
Avere in  the  EA'ening  Star,  with  Osseo's 
father.  Then,  at  Osseo's  request,  his 
wife  w as  changed  to  a  beautiful  young 
woman,  Avhile  h er  sisters  in  a  cage 
were  placed  near  the  door  of  the  lodge. 
Soon  a  son  Avas  born  to  Osseo.  The 
boy  greAv  a nd  b e c a me  strong.  H is 
father  made  a  bow  for  him  a nd  re 
leased  t he  birds,  so  as  to  let  him  t ry 
his  skill.  Soon  an  arroAAT  pierced  one 
of  them,  a nd  when  t he boy  would  h a ve 
picked  it  up  a  young  w o m an  l ay  be 

fore  him  with  an  a r r ow  piercing  h er 
breast. 
It  AA'as  one of  his  aunts.  No 
sooner  had  h er  blood  stained  the  pure 
planet 
sinking. 
t h an  he  felt  himself 
t h at  'his  uncles  a nd 
He  soon  found 
aunts,  and  his  p a r e n ts  in  their 
lodge 
Avith  sih'Or  poles, w e re  descending  Avith 
him.  They  all  lit  upon 
t he  highest 
rocks  of  the  island,  Avhere  they  were 
given  the  forms  of  maidens  a nd  Avar 
riors,  but  w e re  the size  of  fairies. 

There 

they  still  live,  and,  as  they 
t he  Spirit  of  t he  Star. 
never  forget 
every  eA'ening 
t h o se  w ho  approach 
those  cliffs  m ay  see  the  shining  forms 
of  the  " T u r t le  Spirits"  and  heai*  t h e ir 
musical  A'oices. 

T he  story  finished,  we  continue  our 
drive.  We  haAre  seen  both  forts,  t he 
Three  Cemeteries,  Arch  Rock,  a nd 
Sugar  Loaf.  XOAV  Ave go to  Skull  Cave, 
Wishing  Spring,  a nd  Devil's  Kitchen, 
then  p a st  t he  G r a nd  Hotel  to  t he vil-
lage,  Avhere  Ave rejoin  t he  rest  of  our 
party,  Avho  haAre  enjoyed  their  trip  as 
much,  perhaps,  as  we h a re  ours. 

As  they  passed  Arch  Rock,  the  cap 
tain  of  the Algomah  had  told  t h em  t he 
story  of  t he descent  of  t he  Great  Spirit 
after  having  formed  the fairy  isle.  T he 
"Arched  G a t e w a y"  w as  found  looking 
toward  the  east,  a nd  his  lodge  placed 
back  of  it.  W h en  he  made  it  his  dwell 
ing  place,  lie  sent  Avord  to  all  his  chil 
dren  to  d r aw  up  their  canoes  under 
shadow  of  the  arch  a nd  receiATe  his 
blessing. 
them, 
famine  or  pestilence,  t h ey  AA'ould  be 
given  a  dwelling  place  on  the  island 
and  nothing  could  molest  them.  Final 
ly  he  departed,  his  w i g w am  turned  to 
stone,  a nd  is  HOAV  k n o wn  as  S u g ar 
Loaf.  T he  tall  eA'ergreems  stand 
like 
sentinels  to  guard  the  entrance  to  the 
lodge  of  t he  Great  Spirit. 

If  any  trouble  befell 

settled  OATer  the  scene,  Ave 

As  the  crimson  of  t he  western  sky 
changed  to  gold,  t he  gold  to  gray,  a nd 
twilight 
s t a r t ed  for  the  steamer.  On  board, 
hearing  the  AvaA'es  a g a i n st  the sides  of 
the  boat,  we  imagined  t he sound  might 
be  faint  echoes  of  the  Island  Fairies' 
song. 

BUY  YOUR-

Clothing,  Hats, 
Caps and 
Furnishing  Goods 

...OF... 

H. Kositchek & Bros. 

1 13  WASHINGTON  AVE.  N. 

THE 

MAPES  CLOTHING  CO. 

2 07  and 2 09  WASHINGTON  AVE.,  SOUTH. 
Our $5.00  Suit and Overcoat Sale  s S ^ iS 

week's  business  demonstrated  the fact  t h at  L OW PRICES  a nd GOOD  V A L U ES  are 
great  trade  winners.  We have  sold  more  goods  in  the past  10 days,  than,  (consider 
ing  the conditions  of  the times)  we could  expect  to have  sold  in a  month. 

We  cannot  stop  this  sale in the  midst  of a  whirlwind  of  business,  so will  let t he 
good  work  go on  and  continue  this  great  profit  crushing  but  business  producing 
F I VE  DOLLAR  SUIT  AND  OVERCOAT  SALE.  We've  got  t he goods  a nd  m u st 
have  t he  money. 

We  are getting  desparate  and  bound  to make  business  if  we don't  make  a  cent 
and in our higher  grades of  Men's, Boys'  a nd Children's  Suits and Overcoats as well as 

F U R N I S H I NG  GOODS 

We  are offering  more  solid  inducements,  more  genuine  a nd  unmatchable  bargains 
than  any house  in the state. 

me  Mapes Giotnmo GO., 

207  and 2 09  W A S H I N G T ON  A V E .,  S O U TH 

4 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  R E C O B t ). 

JANUARY  26,  1897. 

The  M.  A. C. Reeord. 

PUBLISHED  WEEKLY  BY  THE 

MICHIGAN  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE 

E D I T ED  BY  T HE  F A C U L T Y, 

ASSISTED  BY T HE  STUDENTS. 

A D D R E SS  A LL M A IL  TO  L O CK  B OX  262, 
L A N S I N G,  M I C H. 

SUBSCRIPTION,  50  CENTS  P ER  YEAR. 

Business  Office  with  R O B E RT  S M I TH  P R I N T I NG 
CO.,  Printers  and Binders,  108-120  Michi 
gan  Ave.  West,  Lansing,  Mich. 

Entered  as second-class matter at Lansing, Mich. 

For  various reasons  T HE  M. A. C.  R E C O RD is 
occasionally  sent  to those  who  have  not  sub 
scribed  for the  paper.  Such  persons need  have 
no  hesitation  about  t a k i ng  the  paper  from  the 
postoffice,  for  no charge  will  be m a de  for it. 
The  only  way, however, to secure  t he RECORD 
regular.y  is to subscribe. 

The  San Jose  Scale. 

PROF.  W.  B.  BARROWS. 

Much  uneasiness  has  been  felt  for a 
year or more among  Michigan  farmers, 
fruit  growers  'and gardners  over  the 
fact  that  the San Jose  scale  had  ob 
tained  a foothold  in neighboring  states 
to  the south,  and that  several  eastern 
firms  were  supposed  to  have  been 
sending  out this  dreaded  pest,  unwit 
tingly,  with  nursery  stock.  More re 
cently  some  of  these  suspicions  have 
been  verified,  and it  is  almost  certain 
that  if  this  scale  does  not already ex 
ist  within  our borders  it  soon  will  be 
found  here, and  it will be necessary to 
take  energetic  measures  to restrict  and 
exterminate  it.  Within  the past  fort 
night  the San Jose  scale  has been re 
ported from  several points in Michigan, 
but  only  in  a  few  cases  could  these 
rumors  be  traced  to a  definite  source 
and  investigated. 

Last  Saturday,  Jan.  16, the assistant 
entomologist  of  the  Experiment  Sta 
tion,  accompanied  by the  horticultur 
ist,  visited  several  places  in  Oakland 
county,  whence  the pest  had been re 
ported,  but no trace  of the  insect  could 
trees 
be  found,  and  the  suspected 
proved  to  be  suffering  from  other 
troubles,  probably  not due to  insects 
at  all.  It is to be hoped  that  all these 
rumors  may prove  to  have  as  little 
foundation,  but  this  is too  much  to  ex 
pect,  and it is well  for everyone  to be 
on  the  watch.  The presence  of any 
suspicious  scale  insect  should  be noted 
at  once  and  the  entomologist  at the 
College  should  be  notified  promptly. 
If  subsequent  inquiry  should  fail  to 
remove  the suspicion,  a  competent en 
tomologist  will  be sent  to  investigate 
and  report,  so  that  the  proper  steps 
may  be taken  to" prevent  further  dam 
age  in  that  locality  and to  stop  the 
spread  of the  insect. 

The  female  San Jose  scale  is  very 
small,  the largest  specimens  not much 
exceeding  one-sixteenth  of  an inch  in 
diameter,  with  an almost  circular  out 
line;  very  flat,  but with  a  slight  eleva 
tion  in  or  near  the  center,  this  spot 
being  orange-colored  with  a  black dot 
in  the middle,  while  the remainder  is 
dull  colored,  often  resembling  in  tint 
the  bark  on  which  it occurs.  The  male 
scale  is similar,  but even  smaller, and 
lacks  the  orange  spot. 

This pest may  be looked  for on  apple, 
pear,  cherry,  plum,  peach,  and  other 
fruit  trees, as well  as on currant,  goose 
berry,  and  rose  bushes, and sometimes 
on  other  shrubs  and trees.  It  is  this 
wide  range  of  food  plants,  together 
with  its  remarkable  fecundity,  which 

makes  this  scale  a  pest  among  pests, 
and  its advent  is  not dreaded  with 
out  good  reason. 

If  its  presence  in  Michigan  should 
be established,  the  public  will  be  warn 
ed  at  once  through  press  bulletins  or 
special  circulars,  and every  effort  will 
be  made  to  control  and  eradicate the 
scourge.  Meanwhile  the  general  un 
easiness  produced  by knowledge  of  the 
danger  may  be beneficial  in several  di 
rections,  especially  by  leading  to the 
discovery  and  limitation  of  other  in 
sect  pests,  and perhaps  by  compelling 
long-needed  legislation in regard  to  the 
inspection  of  nursery  stock. 
Consulting Zoologist. 

Beet  Sugar  in  Michigan. 

DR.  R.  C.  KEDZIE. 

A  number  of  letters  have  been  re 
ceived  at the College  by parties  in dif 
ferent  parts  of the  state  on the  subject 
of  raising  sugar  beets  in this  state and 
the  feasibility  of starting  a sugar  beet 
factory  in Michigan, and  asking  the co 
operation  of this  College  in developing 
the  beet  sugar  industry  in our  state. 

Perhaps  the easiest  and  quickest 
way  to answer  these  numerous  letters 
will be  by  giving in the  RECORD  a  sum 
mary  of  what  lias  been  done  on  this 
subject  by Michigan  Agricultural  Col 
lege  and Experiment  Station. 

EXPERIMENTS  IN  SUGAR  BEETS. 
Recognizing  the importance  of a  do 
mestic  supply  of  sugar,  the desirabil 
ity  of  establishing  a  new industry  in 
our  state,  and the  value  of a new  cash 
crop  which  would  relieve  our land of 
the  drain  on its fertility  by  Incessant 
cropping  with  wheat,  the  Chemical  De 
partment  by the  direction  of the  Board 
of  Agriculture  in  1890  imported  from 
Paris  more  than  1,000  pounds  of  seed 
of  the best  kinds  of  sugar  beets  culti 
vated  in Prance.  A  buLetin  (No.  71) 
was  issued  in regard  to  the seed, an 
nouncing  that  a  packet  of  this  seed 
would  be sent  to  every  farmer  in  our 
state  who would  plant  the seed,  culti 
vate  the beets  according  to printed di 
rections,  and  forward  specimens  of the 
beet  to the College  for analysis.  The 
seed  was  furnished  without  expense to 
the  farmer,  and the analysis  was  free, 
and  the only  cost  to the farmer  was to 
pay  the expense  of  sendmg  the beets 
for  analysis. 
It  was also  stipulated 
that  the farmer  should  report  at the 
end  of  the season  the statistics  of the 
crop;  the kind  of  soil,  the number of 
tons  per  acre,  and  the  cost per ton, and 
the  average  weight  of the beets. 

to  use,  and 

About  500 packages  of  seeds  were 
thus  sent  out,  with  directions  for culti 
vation,  the kind  of  soil 
blanks for reports.  Two  hundred  and 
twenty-nine  reports were received  from 
thirty-nine  counties,  well  distributed  in 
the  lower  peninsula.  Grouped  by dis 
tricts  there  were  the following  coun 
ties: 

Western  District:  Allegan,  Berrien, 
Muskegon,  Ottawa  and  Van  Buren. 
No.  of reports,  28.  Average  production 
per  acre,  15  tons;  the average  sugar 
per  cent,  14.23. 

South  Eastern:  Branch,  Hillsdale, 
Lenawee  and  Monroe.  Reports, 21; 
average  per  acre,  16%  tons; average  su 
gar  per cent,  13.52. 

Central:  Barry,  Eaton,  Ingham and 
Livingston.  Reports,  40;  average per 
acre,  13 tons;  average  sugar  per cent, 
14.33. 

North Eastern:  Lapeer,  Oakland  and 
Saginaw. 
Reports,  49; average per 
acre,  15 tons;  average  sugar  per cent, 
13.29. 

These  four  groups  do  not  include the 
whole number of counties  where  sugar 

beets  were  raised,  but  embrace  the 
counties  from  which  the largest  num 
ber  of  reports  were  received. 
Some 
idea  of the relative  fitness  of  different 
sections  for  beet  growing  is  also  af-
foi-ded. 
VARIETIES  OF SUGAR  BEETS  CULTIVATED. 
Four  kinds  of beets  were  tried,  viz., 
1st.  Vilmorin  Imperial  Improved. 
2d.  Austrian  Wohauka. 
3d.  Klein  Wazlebeuer. 
4th.  White  Silesian. 
The  White  Silesian  is the  original  su 
gar  beet,  and parent  of  the other va 
rieties.  It  is vigorous  in  growth,  pro 
ducing an  average  of isy2  tons per  acre, 
and  the  average  percentage  of  sugar 
was  a  little  over  14.  The  Vilmorin 
Imperial  Improved  was  best  of all, 
yielding  15%  tons  per  acre,  and  con 
tained  14.38 per cent  of  sugar. 

THE  WEATHER. 
The  season  was not propitious  for 
beet  growing  in  1891,  being  cold and 
dry  in  June  and July,  but  warm and 
wet  in  September.  The rainfall  for 
the  growing  season  w^as six and a  half 
inches  below  the normal.  Yet  with 
an  unfavorable  season,  the  average 
crop on lands  suitable  for beets  was 15 
tons  per acre,  with  an  average  of 14 
per  cent  of  sugar  in  the juice.  On 
mucky  lands  the  results  were  unfa 
vorable,  the beets  containing  too  little 
sugar  to  pay  for manufacturing.  The 
results  show  that  sugar  beets  of  good 
quality  can be raised  on suitable  soils 
in  all parts  of the lower  peninsula, es 
counties. 
in  the  southern 
pecially 
Beets  whose  juice  contains  12 per  cent 
of  crystalizable  sugar  will  pay  a  profit 
in  manufacturing,  and  with  14 to 15 
per cent  the profit  is still  larger. 

SHALL  WE RAISE  SUGAR  BEETS  IN MICH 
IGAN—THE  FARMER'S  SIDE. 
We  want  a  good  outlook  from  the 
farmer'sside  before we recommend  any 
marked  change  in farm  crops,  and  un 
less  there  is a  reasonable  certainty on 
this  point  we  may as well drop  the  sub 
ject 

1.  He wants  to know that his soil  and 
the  climate  are  suited  to  raising  su 
gar  beets.  An open,  porous  soil  that 
will  raise  a  good  crop  of  corn,  will 
raise  sugar  beets.  The  climate  of  our 
lower  peninsula  is  well  suited  to  this 
crop. 

2.  He  wants  a  reasonable  certainty 
that  the crop  will pay  him  a fair  profit 
above  the cost  of  production,  and  not 
abandon  crops  with  which  he  is fa 
miliar  and  whose  value  he knows, for a 
new  crop  of  whose  value  he is  uncer 
tain. 

At  the beet  sugar  factory  at  Grand 
Island,  Neb.,  they  paid  $3.00  per  ton 
for  beets  that  had 12 per cent  of su 
gar,  and 25 cents  more  for  every per 
cent  of  sugar  above  12.  Thus  beets 
with  14 per cent  of  sugar  would  be 
worth  $3.50  per  ton.  With  15 tons 
per  acre  the ordinary  quality  of  beet 
would  sell  for $45 an acre,  and  extra 
beets  for $52.50 an acre. 

3.  He  wants  a  cash  crop  and  sure 
market  near  home.  Near  the  sugar 
factories  the beet  is  a  cash  crop and 
sure  of a steady  market. 
Sugar  is as 
staple an article  as  wheat. 

The beet  is a bulky  crop to  transport, 
and  the beet  field  should  be near the 
factory  so that  the  cost  of cartage  shall 
not  eat up the price  of  the crop. 

To stock a factory  with  beets  will re 
quire  3,500  to 5,000 acres  of beets.  To 
have  these  w7ithin  reasonable  distance, 
the  land  of  that  section  should  be uni 
formly  suitable for the  beet  crop.-

The  outlook  from  the farmer's  side 
is  reasonably  bright.  Let us view  it 
from  the other  side. 

THE  MANUFACTURERS'  SIDE. 
1.  The  complete plant  for  making  su 

gar  from  beets  is  costly,  the  machin 
ery  cbstang  nearly  $500,000,  and the 
buildings  and  appliances,  with an ade 
quate  capital  to  start  the works,  will 
bring  the cost  up to nearly  $750,000. 

No  cheap  apparatus  will  serve  the 
purpose;  no  sorghum  mill  and evapo 
rating pan  to make  raw  sugar  can  com 
pete  with  the established  works,  skill 
and  experience  of  this  great  industry 
of  the wrorld.  The beet  sugar  factories 
do not  turn  out raw  sugar  to be  worked 
up  by the sugar  refineries,  but white, 
granulated  and  refined  sugar,  fit for 
the table.  What, we have in our  favor 
is  good  soil and  climate for raising  the 
beets,  no tonnage  tax on the beets, or 
the  sugar  when  made,  and no  fussy 
interference  of the government.  But 
in  this race we are  handicapped  by the 
skill,  experience  and  perfected  machin 
ery  of  fifty  years  of  sugar  making  in 
Europe.  We must  compete  with one 
of  the world's  great  industries. 

2.  The best  science  and skill  are  re 
quired  to  manage  the  wTorks  when 
erected.  With  the  large  amount  of 
capital  required  for  beet  sugar  works 
(and  this,  must  lie 
idle  for  half  the 
time),  it  would  be  very  hazardous  to 
attempt  to  carry  on the  manufacture 
without  a  competent  director  and 
skilled  employes. 

3.  Good  water  in abundant  supply is 

essential; also  railroad  facilities. 

4.  An  assured  supply of beets  for  the 
factory  that  can  be  depended  upon 
every  year. 

These  are the conditions  'regarding . 

beet  sugar  making  in Michigan.  Who 
will  solve  the  problem  for our people? 
One  thing  we  may  take  for granted  at 
the  outset: the  people  will  buy the  best 
sugar  at the  lowest price,  whatever  the 
source  from  which  it  comes. 

The  main  points  in  this  article  are 
condensed  from  Bulletin  No. 82,  issued, 
in  1891.  The edition  of this  bulletin 
is  entirely  exhausted,  and  therefore its 
principal  points  are  once  more  brought 
before  the public. 

Chemical  Department. 

Michigan  Engineering  Society. 

The  two  sessions  of  the  Michigan 
Engineering  Society  that  were  held  at 
the  College  Thursday  morning  and af 
ternoon  were  well  attended.  The  top 
ics  presented  were  of  general  interest 
and  were  handled  in such  a  way  as to 
engage  the  closest  attention.  President 
Snyder  was absent  on institute  wrork, 
so  Prof.  Weil  gave  a  short  address of 
welcome  to the  visitors,  in  which  he 
put  in a good  word  for technical  educa 
tion.  President  of the  association,  Geo. 
L. Wells of Bay  City,  responded  briefly 
and  then  introduced  Mr.  J. J.  Hubbell, 
who  read  a paper  on  "Painting  a  block 
with  an air brush." 

Mr.  Hubbell  had  the  contract  for 
painting  the buildings  of a  salt  block, 
wihieh  covered  an  area  of  a;bout  five 
acres.  The  buildings  were covered with 
rough  hemlock  and  were  not  originally 
intended  to  be  painted.  He  accom 
plished  this  difficult  'task  by means of 
an  air brush  at  the rate  of 50 squares 
per day for two men,  whereas two  men 
with  hand  brushes  could  have  painted 
about  two squares  per day.  The  job 
was  icompleted  at  a  great  saving  of 
time  and expense. 

'Following  this came  reports  from the 
committee  on "Relation  of  water  sup 
ply  and  sewerage  to  public  health," 
each  member  of  the  committee  pre 
senting  a  paper. 

F.  F.  Rogers,  '83, city  engineer  of 
Port  Huron,  spoke  first.  He  empha 
sized  the relation  existing  between the 
death  rate  from  typhoid  fever  and  pure 
water  supply, and gave  statistics  from 

JANUARY  26,  1897. 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  R E C O R D. 

5 

Pont  Huron,  Chicago  and  other  cities 
to  substantiate  his  claims. 

G.  C.  Williams  of  Detroit  followed 

the  most 

with  an  able  and  scholarly  paper,  illus 
trated  by  means  of  carefully  prepared 
charts.  Among 
striking 
things  brought  out  was  the  fact  that 
in  European  cities  having  a  filtered 
water  supply  the  death  rate  is  not 
much  more than  half  that  of  American 
cities  that  do  not  have  such  a  supply. 
Munich  now has  an  taverage  death  rate 
from  typhoid  fever  of  7 in  100,000.  In 
1854, 
before  the  introduction  of  filtered 
water,  the  rate  was  about  240.  He 
also showed  a  marked  relation  between 
dredging  operations  in  the  Black  river 
at  Port  Huron  and  the  typhoid  dearth 
rate  in  Detroit.  Detroit  gets (her  water 
from  the  Detroit  river. 

The  third  paper  was  presented  by 
H. E.  Riggs of  Toledo,  Ohio.  Mr.  Biggs 
concurred  in  what  the  others  had  said, 
and  made  a  strong  plea  for  state  legis 
lation  to  stop  the  contamination  of 
wells,  springs  and  streams.  Much  of 
defective  sewerage  he attributed  to  the 
employment  of  incompetent  engineers. 
The  reports  were  discussed  by  Dr. 
Wilbur,  Dr.  Baker,  Mr.  Rogers,  Mr. 
Appieton,  and  others,  after  which  the 
association  adjourned  for  dinner. 

A F T E R N O ON  S E S S I O N. 

The  afternoon  session  was  called  to 
order  after  a  considerable  delay,  occa 
sioned  by  a  visit  of  the  society  to  the 
mechanical  shops.  First  on  the  pro 
gram  was  an  address  on  "Highway 
Bridge  Legislation,"  by  C.  C.  Pashby, 
in  which  a  history  of  the  agitation  of 
highway  bridge  legislation  was  given 
as  it  has been  carried  on in  the  various 
states  of  the  union.  Although  various 
plans  have  been  proposed  by  means  of 
which  a  more  efficient  system  might 
be  attained,  yet  the  progress  towards 
the  realization  of  such  a  system  has 
not  been  very  flattering.  As  a  result 
of  inquiries  made  of  various  eonimis-
siioners  throughout  the  state  it  was  as 
certained  that  in  most  cases  bridges 
are  bought  without  a  sufficient  knowl 
edge  upon  the  part  of  the  buyer,  that 
nearly  all  bridges  were  constructed 
without  the  services  of  a  competent 
engineer,  and  that  very  seldom  inspec 
tions  were  ever  made.  The  inquiries 
also  showed  that  while  no  serious  loss 
of  life  had  been  experienced  in  this 
state from  faultily  constructed  bridges, 
yet  many  accidents  occur,  which  occa 
sion  a  considerable  expense 
the 
townships  maintaining  such  bridges. 
Mr.  Pashby  does  not  believe  that  the 
time  has  yet  come  for  the  propea:  legis 
lation  upon  this  important  matter,  but 
that  meanwhile  an  educational  cam 
paign  should  be  carried  on  in  behalf 
of 
the  persons  having  such  matters 
under  their  charge, and  that  the  knowl 
edge  and  experience  of  the  University 
and  Agricultural  College  engineers 
is 
should  be  employed  wherever  it 
practicable. 
In  the  discussion  which 
followed,  Mr.  Clute,  a  member  of  the 
legislative  committee  on  highways 
and  bridges,  led,  and  outlined  briefly  a 
bill  which  he  intends  to  place  before 
the  legislature  during  its  present  ses 
sion.  According  to  his  scheme,  all  the 
road  districts  of  each  township  will  be 
consolidated  into  three divisions,  which 
will  be  presided  over  by  a  competent 
person  elected  by  the  voters  of 
the 
township. 

to 

John  F.  Nelldst,  with  '96m,  of  Grand 
Rapids,  next  read  a  paper  on  "Roads 
in  Southern  Michigan."  The  article 
was illustrated  by  a  map which  showed 
the  various  original  state  and  terri 
torial  roads  and  the  parts  of  those 
roads  which  are  now  either  gravel  or 
plank.  There  are  thirteen  such  roads 

ALWAYS  ON TOP 

DAVIS  6e  C O. 

1 04  W a s h i n g t on  A v e.  N o r th 

1Q4 

OUR  WINTER  GOODS  ARE  NOW  IN—WE  WILL  BE  PLEASED  TO  SHOW  THEM  TO  YOU. 

OVERCOATS,  ULSTERS,  BICYCLE  OVERCOATS 
PEA  JACKETS  AND  VESTS,  SINGLE  AND  DOUBLE  BREASTED  MELTON  SUITS 
ALL  UP  TO  DATE. 

Kr°„^g

LsT„dofHais 

crossing  the  state,  six  from  east  to 
west  and  seven  from  north  to^  south. 
A  greater  part  of  these  radiate  from 
the  more important  trade  centers  of  the 
state.  The  total  length  of  these  thir 
teen  roads  is  about  2,200  miles,  of 
which  about  600  miles  are  of  gravel. 
Of  these,  the  one  running  from  Detroit 
to  Holland  via  Lansing  and  Grand 
Rapids  is  192  miles  in  length,  contains 
129  miles  of  graveled  road  and  is  the 
most  improved. 

"Notes  and  Observations,"  by  A.  L. 
Wescott,  concluded  the  afternoon  pro 
gram. 
In  this  paper  were  given  de 
scriptions  of  some  methods  employed 
in  the  mechanical  laboratory,  together 
with  the  results  of  experiments  made 
to  determine  the  torsion  strength  of 
steel,  and  in  others  to  determine  the 
adhesive  power  of  various  cements. 
Meeting  adjourned  at  5  o'clock. 

Is 

the  Credit  System  Beneficial 
the  Farmer  2 

to 

BY  H.  M.  WELLS,  '85. 
(Read  at  the  Livingston  Co.  Farmers' 
Institute  at  Howell,  Jan.  16,  1896.) 

I  read  this  with  the  falling  inflec 
tion,  for  it  is  a  question  that  cannot 
be  answered  by  yes  or  no. 
In  some 
cases  it  is,  and  in  others  it  is  not,  de 
pending  on  the farmer  and  on  the  kind 
of  credit. 
I  venture  to  say  that  not 
many  of  us  would  be  proprietors  of 
farms  if  we  had  been  obliged  to  pay 
cash  for  them  before  we  took  posses 
sion;  but  you  who  bought  farms  when 
prices  of  farm  products  were  compar-
itively  high  and  are  paying  for  them 
with  50-cent  wheat  and  beans  may 
doubt  the  advantage  of  even  this  form 
of  credit. 

However,  I  suppose  the  secretary  re 
ferred  more  particularly  to  the  prac 
tice  of  running  accounts  at  the  store 
to  be  settled  at  some  indefinite  time 
in  the  future,  maybe  six  months  or 
a  year  from  the  time  of  starting  the 
account.  Such  accounts  as  these  are 
a  damage  to  the  farmer  in  two  ways. 
They  encourage  him  to  buy  unneces 
sary  things,  and  he  does  not  get  so 
much  for  his  money  as  if  he paid  cash. 
How  easy  it  is  to buy  things  we  would 
like  but  can  get  along  without;  think 
ing,  "Well,  money  will  be  more  plenty 
when  I  have  to  pay  for  these,"  but 
once  bought,  they  must  be  paid  for 
whether  the  money  is  plenty  or  scarce. 
It  must  be  discouraging  to  take  most 
of  the  sales  of  summer  crops  to  pay 
the  store  bill,  which  has  been  contract 
ed  while  the  crops  were  growing:  too 
much  like  a  chattel  mortgage  to  suit 
me. 
Then  again, these  accounts  mount 
up  faster  than  one  would  think,  and 
when  you  come  to  settle  you  can't 
imagine  how  you  managed  to  run  up 
such  a  long  bill  in  such  a  short  time. 

In  the  second  place,  a  man  with  the 

Gome  in  and  see  us  anyway 

cash  in  his  pocket  can  usually  buy  at 
more  favorable  prices  than  the  one 
who  has  it  charged.  This  statement 
must  be  made  with  several  exceptions 
and  modifications,  for  it  is  not  of  so 
nearly  universal  application  as  one 
might  naturally  think. 
It  is  very  easy 
to  figure  for  the  merchant  something 
like  this:  An  article  that  costs a  dollar 
is  sold  for  $1.05,  making  a  profit  of  5 
cents,  and  the  dollar  is  immediately 
reinvested  and  the  next  month 
this 
process  is  repeated,  and  so  on  for  s;x 
months,  when  it  is  found  that  he  has 
made  a  profit  of  30  cents  on  the  orig 
inal  dollar  invested.  On  the  other 
hand,  suppose  he  had  sold  the  article 
for  $1.25  and  waited  six  mon'lis  for 
his  pay,  his  profit  for  the  six  months 
would  have  been  only 25 cents.  There 
fore  it  would  pay  a  merchant  better 
to  sell  an  article  that  costs  him  $1  for 
$1.05  than  to  sell  it  for  $1.25  on  credit. 
Very  good  logic—but  where  will  you 
find  a  merchant  who  will  do  business 
on  such  a  basis?  The  best  thing  any 
of  them  do  for  the  cash  customer  is  to 
sell  him  goods  the  same  as  if  he  had 
them  charged,  and  after  he  has  traded 
twenty  or  thirty  dollars'  worth  stive 
him  a  present  of  moro  or  less  value, 
and  which  he  may  or  may  not  want. 
Some  firms  make  absolutely  one  price 
for  all,  and  if  they  give  credit  at  ail 
sell  the  goods  just  as  cheap  as  to  ihe 
cash  customer. 
In  buying  things  of 
considerable  value,  such  as  agricultur 
al implements,  one  can  get  quite a  sub 
stantial  reduction  for  cash,  especially 
if  he  understands  the  art  of  "beating 
clown,"  but in the  ordinary  run  of  trade 
few  merchants  Will  give  the  cash  cus 
tomer  much  advantage  over  one  who 
buys  on  credit. 

Notice  that  I  said  one  must  un 
derstand  the  art  of  "beating  down"  in 
order  to  get  the  full  benefit  of  a  cash 
transaction.  This  I  know  little  about. 
I  usually  pay  the  price  asked,  unless  I 
have  good  reason  to  believe  I  can  do 
better  elsewhere,  when  I  simply  say  I 
will  not  take  the  article.  One  spring, 
in  May  it  was,  I  had  to  buy  a  new 
plow.  The  price  of  the  one  I  selected 
was  $11 cash  or  $12 to  be  paid  in  Oc 
tober.  I  thought  this  was  pretty  heavy 
interest  and  managed  to  scare  up  the 
cash,  but  I  have  always  been  haunted 
with  the  thought  that  I  might  have 
got  that  plow  for  $10  cash  if  I  had 
known  just  how  to  go  about  it. 
It 
would  certainly  pay  a  farmer  better  to 
pay cash for  all store  bills  if  merchants 
would  make  any  adequate  reduction 
in  their  prices,  even  if  he  had  to  hire 
the  money  at  6 per  cent  in  order  to  get 
the  cash. 

Another  thing.  If  you  have  any  pro 
duce  you  want  to  sell  to  the  merchant, 
they  way  to  do  it  is  to  run  up  a  bill 
and  make  him  think  you  are  not  likely 
to  pay  it  and  then  offer  the  produce 
It  Will  be  eagerly  ac 
in  payment. 

cepted,  while  the  cash  paying  customer 
may  let  his  stuff  rot  at  home. 

For  instance,  since  the  advantages 
of  cash  trade  are theoretically  so  great, 
and  practically  so  small,  why  is  it  chat 
farmers  do  not  club  together  and  buy 
their  supplies  at  wholesale  for  cash? 
Echo  answers  why!  Ask  the  Patrons 
of  Husbandry,  who  started  cooper 
ative  stores  in  various  parts  of 
the 
state,  not  one of  which  is  to  my  knowl 
edge 
the 
in  operation  now.  Ask 
Patrons  of  Industry,  whose  mushroom 
growth  covered  the  state  with  organi 
zations  who  were  going  to  make  the 
farmer  prosperous  by  confining  iheir 
trade  to one  merchant,  who  was  to  sell 
them  his  wares  for  cash  at  a  uniform 
advance of  ten  per  cent  above  cost.  Is  , 
there  a  vestige  of  that  organization 
left  in  the  state  today?  Why  didn't 
their  plan  work?  I  don't  know. 

Some  writers  advocate  single  fam 
ilies  buying  their  goods  at  wholesale 
in  the  city,  but  I  have  seen  no  report 
of  the  practical  success  of  this  plan. 
It  seems  to  me  that  the  transportation 
charges  on such  quantities  as are  likely 
to  be  ordered  would  be  large  enough 
to  balance  what  profit  there  might  be. 
while  many  articles  one  would  not 
want 
to  buy  at  wholesale,  such  as 
prints,  dress  goods,  suits  of  clothes, 
hats,  etc. 

In  conclusion  I  may  say  that  if  the 
merchant  will  make  no  difference  be 
tween  a  cash  and  a  credit  transaction, 
and  the  farmer  has  a  level  head  so  as 
to  buy  nothing  but  necessaries, 
the 
credit  system  is a benefit  to  him  to  the 
extent  of  legal  interest  on  his  money 
for  the  term  of  credit;  but  if  the  mer 
chant  will  make  a  substantial  reduc 
tion  for  cash,  or  the  farmer  is  likely 
to  buy  unnecessary  articles,  the  credit 
system  is  a  damage  to  him,  and  the 
quicker  he  gets  out  of  that  rut 
the 
better. 

Bright  Outlook. 

Demopolis,  Ala.,  Jan.  17, 1897. 

Dear  Record:  F.  E.  Seman,  with'89, 
and  I  are down  here  putting  in  an  elec 
tric  lighting  plant  which  we  expect  to 
run.  We are  organized  with  some peo 
ple  here  under  the  name  of  the  Dem 
opolis  Electric  Light  &  Power  Co., 
have  a  fifteen  years'  franchise  and  a 
ten years'  contract  for  lighting  the  city. 
Demopolis  is  a  town  of  about  2,500 
people—white  and  black-^and  being  sit 
uated  on  the  Tombigbee  river,  it  is  the 
center  of  a  large  river  trade,  especially 
in  cotton.  About  seventy-five  miles  up 
the river  are  large  deposits  of  bitumin 
ous  coal  so  that  our  fuel  is  $1.50  to  $2 
a  ton  delivered. 

This  place  does  not  seem  to  realize 
•the hard  times  the effect  of  which  is  so 
noticeable  in  most  places. 
If  Horace 
today  he  would 
Greeley  were  alive 
probably  say,  "Go  south,  young  man!" 
instead  of  "West,"  for  there  are  un 
doubtedly  more  undeveloped  resources 
in  the  South  than  in  any  other  part  of 
our  country  and  the  hard  times  are 
felt  less  here  than  elsewhere. 
Fraternally  yours, 

LEW  W.  SPAULDmG, 90m. 

6 

THE  M.  A.  C. 

ft£CO£D. 

JANUARY  26, 

1897. 

The  Landlord's  Joke. 

Official  Directory. 

Really  Cheerful  Rules  That  Prevail  in  a 
Fremont  Hotel. 

Prof.  A.  A.  Crozier  of  the  Agricul 
tural  College,  'who  is  conducting  a  se 
ries  of  farmers'  'institutes  in  various 
parts  of  the  state,  spent  Sunday  here 
with  his  brothers.  He  had  just  come 
from  Fremont,  and  had  with  him  a 
curiosity  in  the  shape  of  a  copy  of 
"Hotel  Rules  for  Guests,"  which  he 
found  conspicuously  posted  in  the  Ho 
tel  De Haas  of  that  place.  They  were 
as  follows: 

"Board  $50 per  week.  Meals  extra. 
Breakfast  at  5,  dinner  at  6,  supper  at 
7.  Guests  are  requested  not  to  con 
verse  with  the dumb  waiters. 

"Guests  wishing  to  get  up  without 
being called can have  'self  raising  flour' 
for  supper. 

"The  house  is  surrounded  by  a  beau 
tiful  cemetery.  Hearses  to  hire  at  25 
cents per  day. 

"Guests  wishing  to  do a little  driving 
the 

will  find  hammer  and  nails 
closet. 

in 

"If  your  room  gets  too  warm,  open 

the  -window  and  see  the  fire  escape. 

"If  you  are  fond  of  athletics  and  like 
good  .lumping lift  the  mattress  and  see 
the  bed  spring. 

"If  your  lamp  goes  out  take  a  feath 
That  is  light 

er  out  of  the  pillow. 
enough  for  you. 

"Any  one  troubled  with  nightmare 

will  find  a  halter  on  the  bed  post. 

"Don't  worry  about  paying  your  bill, 
the  house  is  supported  by  its  founda 
tion."—Evening  Press,  Grand  Rapids. 

Professor  Paul  Haupt,  of  Johns  Hop 
kins  University,  the  editor-in-chief  of 
the  polychrome  edition  of 
the  new 
Bible,  has  received  from  Hinrichs,  the 
publisher  of  the  work,  in  Leipsic,  the 
two  numbers  of  the  book  which  were 
recently  issued.  They  are  the  Book of 
Genesis,  edited  by  Professor  Ball,  of 
the  University  of  London,  England, 
and  the  Book  of  Daniel,  edited  by  Pro 
fessor  Kampenhausen,  of  the  Univer 
sity of  Bonn,  Germany.  The  books  pre 
viously  issued  are  Leviticus,  Joshua, 
Samuel, I  and  II,  Chronicles,  Job,  Jere 
miah,  and  the  Psalms. 

IF  YOU MAKE  A 

•^Mistake 

And  get  in  the  wrong 
place  t ry  Thompson 
&  Van Buren for  your 
next  job  of  printing. 

IF  YOU NEVER  MADE  A 

**Mistake 

s u re 

y o u ' re 
Be 
started 
(for, 
r i g ht 
Thompson  &  V a n' 
god 
Buren's) 
ahead. 

t h en 

OTTAWA 
STREET  EAST 

Sunday  Chapel  Service—Preaching 

at  2:30  p.  m. 

Y.  M.. C.  A.—Holds  regular  meetings 
every  Thursday  evening  at  6:30  and 
Sunday  evenings  at  7:30. 
S.  H.  Ful 
ton,  President.  C.  W.  Loomis,  Cor. 
Secretary. 

Y.  W.  C. A.  regular  weekly  meetings 
for  all  ladies  on  the  campus  Tuesday 
evenings  at  8 o'clock,  in the  ladies'  par 
lors.  Meetings  on  Sunday  evenings 
with  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.;  Miss  Edith  F. 
McDermott,  President;  Miss  Alice 
Georgia,  Cor.  Secretary. 

M.  A.  C.  Grange—Meets  every  three 
weeks  on  Tuesday  evening  in  the  Co 
lumbian  Society  rooms.  Prof.  C.  D. 
Smith,  Master.  H. W.  Hart,  Secretary. 
Society—Regular 
meeting  second  Friday  evening  of  each 
month  in  the  chapel  at  7:00.  H.  C. 
Skeels,  President.  W.  R.  Kedzie,  Sec 
retary. 

Natural  History 

Botanical  Club—Meets  first  and  third 
Friday  of  each  month  in  the  Botanical 
Laboratory  at  6:30.  T.  Gunson,  Presi 
dent.  W.  R.  Kedzie,  Secretary. 

Shakespeare 

every 
Wednesday  evening.  Dr.  Howard  Ed 
wards,  President. 

Club—Meets 

M.  A.  C.  Athletic  Association—C.  B. 
Laitner,  President.  G.  B.  Wells,  Sec 
retary. 

Columbian  Literary  Society—Regular 
meeting  every  Saturday  evening 
in 
their  rooms  in  the  middle  ward  of 
Wells  Hall,  at  7:00.  T.  A.  Chittenden, 
President.  A.  J.  Weeks,  Secretary. 

Eclectic  Society—Meets  on 

fourth 
floor  of  Williams  Hall  every  Saturday 
at  7:30  p.  m.  D.  M.  McElroy,  Presi 
dent;  T.  H.  Libbey,  Secretary. 

Feronian  Society—Meets  every  Fri 
day  afternoon  at  1:00 
in  Hesperian 
rooms.  Miss  Pearl  Kedzie,  President. 
Miss  Hattie  Chase,  Secretary. 

Hesperian  Society—Meetings 

held 
every  Saturday  evening  in  the  society 
rooms  in  the  west  ward  of  Wells  Hall 
at  7:00.  A.  T.  Cartland,  President.  D. 
E.  Hoag,  Secretary. 

Olympic  Society—Meets  on 

fourth 
floor  of  Williams  Hall  every  Saturday 
evening  at  7:00.  W.  R.  Goodwin,  Presi 
dent.  E.  R.  Russell,  Secretary. 

Phi  Delta  Theta  Fraternity—Meets 

on  Friday  evening  in  chapter  rooms  in 
Wells  Hall,  at  7:00.  H.  A.  Hagadorn, 
President.  C.  M.  Krentel,  Secretary. 
Society—Meetings 
held 
their  hall  every  Saturday 
evening  at  7:00.  G.  A.  Parker.  Presi 
dent.  F.  W.  Robison,  Secretary. 

Union  Literary 

in 

Tau  Beta  Pi  Fraternity—Meets  every 
two  weeks  on  Thursday  evening  in  the 
tower  room  of  Mechanical  Laboratory. 
G.  A.  Parker,  President.  E.  H.  Sedg 
wick,  Secretary. 

Club  Boarding  Association—I.  L. 
Simmons,  President.  H.  A.  Dibble, 
Secretary. 

Try  and  Trust  Circle  of  King's 
alternate 
Daughters  — Meets 
Wednesday.  Mrs.  C.  L.  Weil,  Presi 
dent.  Mrs.  J.  L.  Snyder,  Secretary. 

every 

LOWEST  PRICES 
Will  be quoted  to 
SCHOOL 
... LIBRARIES... 

And  others sending lists of books 
wanted to 
Lansing Book &  Paper Co., 
L A N S I N G,  M I C H. 

FOR  ANYTHING  IN 

HARDWARE, 
STOVES, 
TINWARE, 
6RANBTE  WARE, 
CUTLERY,  ETC. 

TH6  MAUD S 

WIND  MILL  AND 
PUMP  60MPnNY, 

Manuf * cturers 
of 

CYCLONE  PROOF 
GALVANIZED 
STEEL  WIND 
MILLS  AND 

"MfUJD  S" 
PUMPS, 

Lansing,  Mich 

I 

M1GHI6AN  SUPPLY 

(UNPIN 

WHOLESALE  DEALER  IN 
Belting,  Hose,  Iron  Pipe  and  Fit 
tings,  Tubular  W e ll  Supplies,  e t c. 
STATE  AGENT  FOR 

MftUD  S  P U M P S, 

LANS,N«rCH,6AN 

Phone  192 

New  Phone  76 

J. G. REUTTER 

322  Washington Ave. South 
F r e sh  AND S a lt  M e a ts 

FINE  CHICAGO  BEEF  A  SPECIALTY 
We  are Headquarters for  all  Kinds of  Home-
Made Sausage. 

TRY 
,.. Norton's  Hardware 

III  Washington Ave. S. 

Mv 
Neckwear  Stock 

...COLLEGE  BUS... 

Contains 

all 

the  Latest 

Ideas  as  to 

Leaves  M. A. C. for  Lansing at  8:30 a.  m. 
and  1:30 p.  m.  Returning,  leaves  Lans 
ing  at  10:30 a.  m.  and  4:30 p.  m. 

Packages  left  at  Emery's  will  receive 
prompt  attention.  Livery  or  Bus  for 
picnics  at  resonable  rates. 

NEW  PHONE 

H.  O.  P A L M ER 

SHftPE,  G0L0R  AND  PATTERN 

lower 

than 
and  the  price 
ever  before.  Would 
be 
pleased  to  have  you  come 
in  and  see  it. 

BEFORE  PURCHASING  YOUll  FALL 
AND  WINTER 

= H A T= 

Allow  me 
to  show  you 
some  natty  " Up  to  D a t e" 
styles.  Nothing  but  relia 
ble  qualities  find  place  in 
my  stock. 

STUDENT'S PATRONAGE  SOLICITED. 

ELGIN  MIFFLIN 

THE  OUTFITTER. 

HAVE YOU FIVE OR  MORE COWS ? 

If  so a " Baby " Cream Separator will earn its cost for 
you  every year.  Why continue an  inferior  system 
another  year at so great a loss?  Dairying is now the 
only profitable feature of Agriculture.  Properly con 
ducted  it always pays well, and  must pay you.  You 
need  a  Separator,  and  you  need  the  BEST,—the 
" Baby."  All  styles  and  capacities.  Prices,  $75. 
upward.  Send for  new 1894  Catalogue. 
THE  DE LAVAL  SEPARATOR  CO., 
GENERAL  OFFICES: 

74  C O R T L A N DT  S T R E E T. 

N EW  Y O R K. 

sixa«dfive dollar 

\^  1  QC 

shoes ^  gentlemen  ^ 

• -^ *~* 

We  are  now  closing  all  broken  lots'  of  line  English 
Enamel,  Patent  Leather,  Cordovan  and  Winter  Russia 
Shoes  at  the  uniform  price  of  THREE  NINETY-FIVE  a 
pair.  We  do  not  agree  to  furnish  all  sizes  and  widths 
in  all  of  the  hinds,  as  some  are  sold  out,  but  what  we 
have  are  yours  at  the  price  named. 

C.D.WOODBURY 

103 WASHINGTON  AVENUE  SOUTH. 

$6.00  Patent Leather, Needle Toe 
5.00  English Enamel, Round Toe 
5.50  French Enamel, Pointed Toe 
5.00  Cordovan, any toe 
5.00  Russia Mahogany 

" " ' T H R EE  NINETY-FIVE 

JANUARY  26,  1897. 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  R E C O E D. 

News  from  G r a d u a t es  a nd  S t u d e n t s. 

H.  E.  Harrison,  '88, Trenton,  w as  a 

caller  at  t he  College  F r i d a y. 

Miss  A n na  Cooper,  with  '94,  is  at 

tending  a-^3i(ble  institute  in  Chicago. 

Miss  Myrtle  Pashiby,  with 

'99,  is 
teaching  n e ar  h er  h o me  at  Constam-
tine. 

Miss  Grace  Marshall,  '00,  h as  j u st 
recovered  from  a  severe  a t t a ck  of  con 
gestion  of  the  brain. 

A.  A.  Myres,  Shepherd,  Mich.,  d a i ly 
student  1895, h as  h ad  the  misfortune 
to  lose  his creamery  by  fire. 

Ben.  H.  Halstead,  with  '97,  is  assist 
a nt  editor  of  a  semi-weekly  college 
paper  at  Bloomington,  Ind. 

Prof.  C'has.  McKenney, 

'81,  is  t he 
popular  principal  of  t he  Central  Mich 
igan  Normal  school  at  Mt.  Pleasant. 

W.  F.  Pack,  with 

'81,  Centerville, 
and  J.  Peters,  Colon,  called  on  Mr. 
P a s h by  last  Tuesday. 
They  were  on 
their  w ay  to  Saginaw. 

F.  P.  Clark,  '93, paid  us  a  visit  F r i 
day,  a nd  told  of  some  of  t he  pleasant 
in  t he  combination 
hours  he  spent 
rooms,  27 a nd 29, Williams  Hall. 

As  C.  J.  F o r e m a n,  '94,  w as  getting 
into  a  buggy  to  go  to  t he train  for his 
Christmas  vacation  his  pupils  stopped 
him  a nd  m a de  him a  handsome  Christ 
m as  present.  Mr. F o r e m an  is  reported 
as  having 
flattering  success  at  Center 
ville. 

to 

promoted 

We  hear  t h at  J o s.  F.  Merkel,  with 
'97m,  h as  been 
the 
d r a u g h t i ng  office  of  t he B. P. Albs  Co. 
of  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin.  Mr.  Merkel 
h as  been  "farmed  o u t"  in  their  ma 
chine  shop  since  last  July,  a nd  feels 
quite  elated  over  his n ew  position. 

The  Van Buren  County  F a r m e r s'  In 
stitute  held  i ts 12th a n n u al  session  at 
Bangor  J a n. 20 a nd 21.  C. J.  Monroe, 
insti 
with  '61, w as  president  of  this 
t u te 
three  years,  C.  B.  Charles.  '79, 
one  year,  a nd next  y e ar  W. H.  Goss, of 
'82,  will  be president  a nd  Geo. C. Mon 
roe,  '91, vice  president.  Geo.  Monroe 
was  also  secretary  for  t he  past  two 
years.  T he  next  institute  will  be  in 
Gobleville. 

F r a nk  Hodgman,  'G2, Climax,  Mich., 
secretary  a nd  treasurer  of  t he  Mich 
igan  Engineering  Society,  held  in  Lan 
sing  a nd at  M. A. C. J a n. 21-22,  w as in 
attendance,  as  he always  h as been.  F. 
F.  Rogers,  '83, P o rt  Huron,  Mich.,  a nd 
city  engineer  of  t h at  city  for  some 
years  past,  w as  also  in  a t t e n d a n ce  at 
t h e se  meetings.  An old member  of t he 
faculty  w a n ts  t he  privilege  of  saying 
that 
t h e se  t wo  alumni  a re  gems  of 
which  M. A.  C. c an  well  feel  proud. 

J.  F.  Nellist,  with 

'96»i,  who  h as  a 
place  in  t he  office  of  Mr. D.  Skeels  in 
(fraud  Rapids,  called  at  the  College 
Wednesday  a nd  T h u r s d ay  while  at 
tending  the  meeting  of  the  Engineer 
ing  Society  in  Lansing.  He  h as  in 
preparation  a  r o ad  m ap  of  Michigan 
for  the  L.  A.  W.  T wo of  these  maps 
he  exhibited  at  t he  meeting  of  the so 
ciety  he  attended.  One  m ap  w as  of 
K e nt  county  a nd  t he  o t h er  of  several 
of  t he  counties  of  the southern  parr  of 
the  State. 

Mrs.  Cora  Palmer,  nee Stocking,  with 
'93,  h as  charge  of  the  i n f a nt  depart 
ment  in  t he 'Stoekbridge  public  schools 
a nd  h as  won  an  enviable  reputation 
as  a t e a c h er  of  children.  Dr.  E d w a r d s, 
who  w as  in  Stockbridge  on  institute 
Avork  last  week,  visited  her  room  a nd 
says  he  never  s aw  b e t t er  work  with 
children  anywhere.  T he children  w e re 
active,  alert,  a nd  filled  with  a  desire 
to  learn;  a nd t he a m o u nt  of  knowledge 
they  h ad  gained  under  Mrs.  P a l m e r 's 

instruction  in two months  w as  remark^ 
able. 

L.  C.  Brooks,  '92m, writes  from  Sche 
nectady,  N. Y., t h at  he  likes  his  work, 
friends. 
but  misses  his  Michigan 
Speaking  of  t he city,  he s a y s:  "Every 
t h i ng  is  old.  T he  streets  a re  narrow, 
b ut  I  imagine  they  a re  quite  p r e t ty  in 
summer.  Union  College  is  here,  a nd it 
looks  like  some  old  b a r r a ck s ^ q u i te  a 
contrast  to  o ur  pleasant  dormitories. 
T he  General  Electric  Company,  for 
wihioh  I  work,  is  quite  a  concern. 
It 
employs  a b o ut  3,000  people—75  in  t he 
d r a w i ng  room—and  everything  seems 
to  be  hurry." 

"Training  is  everything.  T he  peach 
was  once  a  bitter  almond;  cauliflower 
is  nothing  b ut  cabbage  with  college 
education."—{Mark  T w a in  in  Pudd'n-
head  Wilson.  A nd cabbage  is  nothing 
but  a  homely  straggling  weed  refined 
by  selection  a nd  cultivationr—W.  J. 
Beal. 

newsy 

The  Ind-ustrial  Enterwise 
periodical, 

is  a  very 
neat, 
published 
monthly  in the  Industrial  School  print 
ing  office  by  t he boys.  T he  Christmas 
n u m b er  would  be a  credit  to a ny  print 
ing  office  in  the  country. 

"Are  you going  up  to  t he  institute?" 
"Yes,  sir; I 'm  going.  I  would  not  miss 
it  for  anything.  We  h ad  a  good  one 
last  year,  b ut  this  is  better." 

H e a rd  on t he s t r e et  at  the "Soo." 

B o a rd  of  A g r i c u l t u r e. 

Hon.  F r a n k l in  Wells,  President 

Constantine. 
Hon.  Chas.W.  Garfield.  . G r a nd  Rapids. 
Hon.  Chas.  F.  Moore 
St.  Clair. 
Hon.  C. J.  M o n r o e . . . . . . . S o u th  Haven. 
Hon.  H e n ry Chamberlain. Three  Ooaks. 
Delhi  Mills. 
Hon.  W. E. Boyden 
Ex  Officio 
Gov.  Hazen  S. Pingree 
The  President  of t he  College..Ex  Officio 
Hon.  I. H.  Butterfield,  S e c y . .. 

Mich.  Agr.  College. 

F a c u l ty  a nd  Other  Officers. 

J.  L.  SNYDER,  A.  M.,  P h.  D.,  Presi 
dent. 
R O B E RT  C.  K E D Z I E,  M.  A.,  M. D., 
Professor  of  Chemistry,  a nd  Curator 
of  t he  Chemical  Laboratory. 
W I L L I AM  J.  B E A L,  M. S., P h. D., 
Professor  of  Botany  a nd Forestry,  a nd 
Curator  of the Botanical  Museum. 
E.  A.  A.  GRANGE,  V. S., 
Professor  of  Veterinary  Science. 
L E VI  R.  T A F T,  M. S., 
Professor  of  Horticulture  a nd  Land 
scape  Gardening,  a nd  Superintend 
ent  of  t he  Horticultural  De 
partment. 
H O W A RD  E D W A R D S,  M. A., L L. D., 
Professor  of  English  Literature  and 
Modern  Languages. 
H E R M AN  K. V E D D E R,  C.  E., 
Professor  of  Mathematics  a nd  Civil 
Engineering. 
H A R RY  H.  B A N D H O L T Z,  2d  Lieut. 
6th  Inf.,  U.  S.  A., 
Professor  of  Military  Sciences  a nd 
Tactics. 
I.  H.  B U T T E R F I E L D, 
Secretary. 
CLINTON  D.  S M I T H,  M.  S. 
Professor  of  Practical  Agriculture, a nd 
Superintendent  of  the  F a r m. 
CHAS.  L.  W E I L,  S. B., 
Professor  of  Mechanical  Engineering 
and  Director  of  the  Mechanical 
D e p a r t m e n t. 
• W A L T ER  B. B A R R O W S.  S. B., 
Professor  of  Zoology  a nd  Physiology, 
and  Curator  of  the  General 
Museum. 
F R A NK  S.  K E D Z I E,  M.  S., 
Adjunct  Professor  of  Chemistry. 

W I L L I AM  S.  H O L D S W O R T H,  M. S., 
Assistant  Professor  of  D r a w i n g. 
P H I L IP  B.  W O O D W O R T H,  B. S., 
M.  E. 
Assistant  Professor  of  Physics. 
A L V IN  B. N O B L E,  B.  P h ., 
Assistant  Professor  of  English  Litera 
t u re  a nd  Modern  L a n g u a g e s. 
C H A R L ES  F.  W H E E L E R,  B.  S., 
Assistant  Professor  of  Botany. 
W I L B UR  O.  H E D R I C K,  M. S., 
Assistant  Professor  of  History  a nd Po 
litical  Economy. 
W A R R EN  BABCOCK,  Jr.,  B. S., 
Assistant  Professor  of  Mathematics. 

E D I TH  F.  M c D E R M O T T, 
Professor  of  Domestic  Economy  a nd 
Household  Science. 
MRS.  L I N DA  E.  LANDON, 
Librarian. 

H.  W. M U M F O R D,  B. S. 

Assistant  Professor  of  Agriculture. 
R U F US  H.  PETTTT,  B.  S.  A. 
Instructor  in  Zoology. 
A.  L.  W E S T C O T T,  B.  M. E., 
Instructor  in  Mechanical  Engineering. 
D I CK  J.  CROSBY,  B.  S., 
I n s t r u c t or  in  English. 
M E R R I TT  W.  F U L T O N,  B.  S., 
I n s t r u c t or  in  Agriculture. 
B U R T ON  O.  LONGYEAR, 
Instructor  in  Botany 
CYRUS  C.  P A S H B Y,  B. S., 
Instructor  in  Mathematics. 
GORDON  H.  T R U E,  B. S., 
Instructor  in  Dairying. 
C H A R L ES  E.  M A R S H A L L,  P h.  B,. 
Instructor  in  Bacteriology. 
H.  E.  S M I T H,  B.  S. 
Instructor  in  Mechanical  Engineering. 
K.  L.  B U T T E R F I E L D,  B. S., 
Supt.  F a r m e r s'  Institutes  a nd  College 
Field  Agent. 
D.  B.  B A L D W I N, 
Engineer. 
T H O M AS  tHJNSON, 
F o r e m an  of  Greenhouse. 
F.  C.  K E N N E Y, 
Assistant  Secretary. 
E R N E ST  W I T T S T O C K, 
F o r e m an  of  t he  F a r m. 
W.  S.  L E O N A R D, 
F o r e m an  of  Machine  Shop. 
T H O M AS  D U R K I N, 
F o r e m an  of  t he  Horticultural  Depart 
ment. 
C H A R L ES  E.  HOYT, 

f o r e m an  of 

t he  Wood  Shops  a nd 
F o u n d r y. 
E.  S.  GOOD, 
Clerk  to  President. 
C H A CE  N E W M A N, 
Clerk  of  Mechanical  Department. 

\ 
S t a t i on  Council. 

Clinton  D.  Smith,  M. S . . . . . . . .. 

R.  L.  Taylor,  Lapeer 

In  charge  of  Apiary. 

S u b - S t a t i o n s. 

Grayling,  Crawford  county,  80  acres 

deeded. 

South  H a v e n,  V an B u r en  county,  10 

acres  rented;  5  acres  deeded. 

M.  A.  C. 

S P E C I AL  R A T ES  ON 
P H O T OS  AT 

SHARPSTEEN'S  STUDIO. 

New  Grand Hotel 
EVERYTHING  NEW 

Special  Rates 

to  JW. A. C. Boys 

R.  RENNER, 

Proprietor 

The  Farm  Home 

Reading  Circle 

MICHIGAN  STATE 
AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE. 

THE  AIM  OF  THE  FARM  HOME  READING  CIRCLE. 

The  fundamental  purpose  of the  Agri 
cultural  College  is  to  educate  farmers' 
sons  and daughters  toward  the  farm  and 
not  away  from  it.  She is doing  this and 
i n  addition  is making  it possible for those 
who  cannot  afford  a  college  course  to 
become  posted  on  agricultural 
topics 
through  the F a rm  Home  Reading Circle. 
One  of  the  objects  of  the  F a rm  Home 
Reading  Circle  is to recommend  the best 
books  for the farmer,  gardener  and stock 
breeder  to read,  and at the  same  time  to 
furnish  an opportunity  for the farmer  to 
buy 
reduced 
prices. 

those  books  at  greatly 

The  course  of  reading  outlined  h as 
been  prepared  by men  who are  authority 
in  their  special  lines.  The books  offered 
in  the course  are thought  to  be  as  good 
figure. 
as  can be secured  at a  reasonable 
The  privileges  of  the  F a rm  H o me 
Reading  Circle  are not limited  as  to age 
or  occupation.  Anyone  who  is  a  resi 
dent  of Michigan  may become a  member. 
One of  the  most  commendable  features 
of  t h ig  c o u r se  0f  reading  is that  you can 
r e ad  a l o n e' 

Director  a nd Agriculturist. 

Y ou  do  n ot  h a ve  to  o fs a n i «e  a  society. 

J o n a t h an  L.  Snyder.  P h.  D  P r es 
"'*  rLKi> 
' 

' 

L.  R.  Taft,  M. S 
Robert  C. Kedzie, M. A., M. D 

Ex  Officio. 
Horticulturist 

I ra  H. Butterfield, 

Chemist. 
Secretary 

, 

a na  l r e a s u r e r. 

—— 

Advisory  a nd  A s s i s t a nt  Staff. 

A.  A.  Crozier,  M. S 

Assists nt  in  A ertortUw 
Assistant  in  Agriculture. 

, 

TT 
H e r b e rt  W. Mumford,  B. S 

M E M B E R S H IP  COSTS  NOTHING. 

ADVANTAGES TO MEMBERS OF  THE  FARM 

H 0 ME  READING* CIRCLE. 

1.  An  opportunity  to  pursue  a  sys-
tematic  course  of  reading  under  t he 
direction  and with  the aid  of  all  depart-
ments  of  t he  Michigan  Agricultural 
College. 

3-  T he  publications  of  the  Michigan 
S t a te  Experiment  S t a t i o n a re  mailed  free 
tQ  m e m b e rs  of  t he  F a rm  Home  Reading 
Circle. 

H.  P.  Gladden,  B. S 

greatly  reduced  rates. 

Assistant  in  Agriculture. 

3.  y0u  can  secure  standard  books at 

Assistant  in  Horticulture. 
M.  L.  D e a n .. Assistant  in  Horticulture. 
TI 
-^  x> 
m o rn  fcmitn,  B. S 

o 

Assistant  in  Chemistry. 

E.  A. A. Grange,  V.  S 

Consulting  Veterinarian. 

-1*7  T,  « 
^  . B. Barrows,  S. B 

ci  TT, 

Consulting  Zoologist. 
II.  H.  P e t t i t.  .Assistant  in Entomology. 
Botanist. 
Chas.  F. Wheeler,  B. S 
Librarian. 
Mrs.  L. E.  Landon 
T.  T.  Lyon,  So.  H a v en 

4.  You  not  only  secure  the  benefit 
yourself,  b ut you get a  certificate  on the 
completion  of  each  book  which  cannot 
f ai! to  De a  source  of satisfaction  to you. 
5  you  c an  receive  a  prompt  answer 
to a ny question  in regard  to  farm  topics 
bY  applying  to  the  college  through  the 
Secretary  of  t he  F a rm  H o me  Reading 
Circle. 

F u ll  information  in  regard  to  how to 
join  and  the  different  courses  offered 
will  be  furnished  promptly  upon  appli-
c a t i oa  to  t he  secretary, 

H E R B E RT  W.  M U M F O R D, 

In  charge  of  Sub-Station. 

Agricultural  College,  Mich 

8 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  R E C O K D. 

JANUARY  26,  1897. 

(fe  Jf*  JJ> JJ> JJ>  Jf»  Jf»  Jf»  Jf»  Jf. Jp» J^» jp» Jp«  J$»  Jf»  JJ> JJ> JJ>  JJv. j^) 

THE  TIME 

f 

To  get  an  education  is  now,  while  you  are  young  and 

. 

strong,  while  your  mind  is  receptive,  your  memory  retentive. 

/ V CD  W 

will  never  come  again  ;  and  altho'  there  may  be  diffi 

culties  in  the  way,  they  are  not  likely  to  become  less 

. 

. 

formidable  if  you  go  plodding  on  without  preparation 

for  vour  life's  work. 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

CiH  •&•  *&e *&  *&r  *&r  Sir  *&e *&p *&e *^r  ^r  *ie  0ie  *&? *&•  *&p *ie  *&e *fc  ^3 

«  THE PLACE 

TO  GET  AN  EDUCATION. 
is  w h e re  you  can  get  t h o r o u gh 

^ t i i i. 

t r a i n i ng  a l o ng  practical  lines. 

Life  is  too  s h o rt  to  s p e nd  m u ch  t i me  in  w e a v i ng  fanciful 

theories. 

FOR 

THE 

YOUNG 

MAN  w ho  is  a m b i t i o us  to  b e c o me  a  u s e 

ful  American  citizen,  s t r o ng  a nd  self-reliant,  or 

THE 

YOUNG 

to 
wisely  c o n d u ct  t he  affairs  of  a  h o me  — a nd  t h e re  a re  no 
higher  ambitions—there  can  be  no  better  place  t h an  at 

w ho  would  p r e p a re  herself 

WOMAN 

3 1 ..  .The  Michigan  Agricultural  College. 
The  Fame  of Our  College  Has  Gone  Abroad  —. 
Our  last  Catalog  s h o ws  t h at  WE  HAVE  S T U D E N TS  FROM 
J A P A N,  SIBERIA,  S W E D E N,  S C O T L A N D,  ENGLAND,  ARMENIA, 
Q U E B E C,  ONTARIO,  NOVA  SCOTIA,  ELEVEN  S T A T ES  AND  T HE 
DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  IN  OUR  C O U N T R Y,  B E S I D ES  F O R T Y-
NINE  C O U N T I ES  IN  MICHIGAN. 

We  number  among  our  post-graduate  students,  men  and  women  from  the 
University  of  Michigan,  Amherst,  Oberlin,  Olivet,  The  State  Normal,  and  many 
other  institutions  of  learning. 

<**£ 

But  our  most  laudable  pride  is  in  the  work  our  graduates  are  doing  — they  occupy  positions  of  honor 

and  trust  in  all  the  walks  of  life,  and  their  work  is  a  proud  monument  to  the  training  received  here. 

I 
f' 
j 

£ 

WE  HAVE  THREE  COURSES 

T he  A G R I C U L T U R AL  C O U R SE 
T he  MECHANICAL  C O U R SE 
T he  WOMEN'S  C O U R SE 
w~wwr— 
a nd 

If  you  wish  to  know  m o re  a b o ut  t h e se  c o u r s es  you  can  get  our  catalog 

by  writing  to 

** 

President  J.  L  SNYDER, 

AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE, MICH.